UC-NRLF

C 2 773 357

SMITHSONIAN INSTITUTION

UNITED STATES NATIONAL MUSEUM

Bulletin 84

CONTRIBUTION TO THE STUDY OF OPHIURANS
OF THE UNITED STATES NATIONAL MUSEUM

RENE KCEHLER
Professor of Zoology, University of Lyon, France

WASHINGTON

GOVERNMENT PRINTING OFFICE
1914

SMITHSONIAN INSTITUTION

UNITED STATES NATIONAL MUSEUM

Bulletin 84

A CONTRIBUTION TO THE STUDY OF OPHIURANS
OF THE UNITED STATES NATIONAL MUSEUM

BY

RENE J2CEHLER
Professor of Zoology, University of Lyon, France

WASHINGTON

GOVERNMENT PRINTING OFFICE
1914

3IOLOGY

LIBRARY

G

BULLETIN OF THE UNITED STATES NATIONAL MUSEUM

ISSUED APRIL 9, 1914.

' V JUttA*
a I.*.

ADVEETISEMENT.

The scientific publications of the United States National Museum consist of
two series, the Proceedings and the Bulletins.

The Proceedings, the first volume of which was issued in 1878, are intended
primarily as a medium for the publication of original, and usually brief, papers
based on the collections of the National Museum, presenting newly acquired facts
in zoology, geology, and anthropology, including descriptions of new forms of
animals, and revisions of limited groups. One or two volumes are issued annually
and distributed to libraries and scientific organizations. A limited number of
copies of each paper, in pamphlet form, is distributed to specialists and others
interested in the different subjects as soon as printed. The date of publication is
printed on each paper, and these dates are also recorded in the tables of contents
of the volume.

The Bulletins, the first of which was issued in 1875, consist of a series of sepa-
rate publications comprising chiefly monographs of large zoological groups and other
general systematic treaties (occasionally in several volumes), faunal works, reports
of expeditions, and catalogues of type-specimens, special collections, etc. The
majority of the volumes are octavos, but a quarto size has been adopted in a few
instances in which large plates were regarded as indispensable.

Since 1902 a series of octavo volumes containing papers relating to the botanical
collections of the Museum, and known as the Contributions from the National Her-
barium, has been published as bulletins.

The present work forms No. 84 of the Bulletin series.

RICHARD RATHBUN,

Assistant Secretary, Smithsonian Institution,

In charge of the United States National Museum.

WASHINGTON, D. C., February 27, 1914.

in

TABLE OF CONTENTS.

Page.

Introduction

Family Ophiodermatidse

Ophioderma appressa (Say)

brevicauda Lutken

brevispina (Say)

cinereaM tiller and Troschel

rubicunda Lutken

variegata Lutken -

clypeata, new species

species

Ophiarachnella angulata (Lyman) . .

Bathypectinura tessellata (Lyman)

Family Ophiolepidae

Ophiolepis elegans Lutken

paucispina (Say)

Ophiozona impressa (Lutken)

nivea var. compta Verrill

Ophiomastus secundus Lyman

Ophioglypha convexa Lyman

coronata, new species

elevata Lyman

falcifera Lyman

fasciculate Lyman

inornate Lyman

irrorata Lyman

lepida Lyman

ljungmani Lyman 21

lymani Ljungman

robusta (Ayres)

sarsii (Lutken) 23

sculptilis Lyman .'

Ophiomusium eburneum Lyman

lymani Wyville Thomson 26

planum Lyman

rugosum, new species

eculptum Verrill

serratum Lyman

testudo Lyman

validum Ljungman

armigerum Lyman

Ophiomisidium, new genus

speciosum, new species

pulchellum (Wyville Thomson)

Ophiocten hastetum Lyman 37

v

VI TABLE OF CONTENTS.

Page.

Family Amphiuridee 38

Ophiopholis aculeata (Linnaeus) 38

Ophiostigma isacanthum (Say) 38

Hemipholis elongata (Say) 39

Ophiactis asperula (Philippi) 40

dispar (Verrill) 40

duplicata (Lyman) 40

mulleri Lutken 41

savignyi (Miiller and Troschel) 41

Amphilepis norvegica (Ljungman) 42

Ophiophragmus wundermani (Lyman) 42

Ophiocnida filogranea Lyman 42

loveni (Ljungman) 42

scabriuscula (Liitken) 43

Amphilimna olivacea (Lyman) 43

Ophionereis reticulata (Say) 44

squamulosa, new name 44

Ophiopsila riisei Liitken 45

maculata (Verrill) 45

Amphiura flexuosa Ljungman 45

latispina Ljungman 48

rathbuni, new species 50

kinbergiensis, new species 52

palmeri Lyman 55

fibulata, new species 56

kukenthali Kcehler 59

complanata Ljungman 59

otteri Ljungman 61

grandisquama Lyman 63

stimpsoni Lutken 64

magellanica Lyman C5

diducta, new species 65

Amphipholis squamata (Delle Chiaje) 66

tenuispina Ljungman 66

gracillima (Stimpson) 66

Amphiodia erecta, new species 67

lutkeni (Ljungman) 69

pulchella (Lyman) 70

Amphioplus abdita (Verrill) 71

cuneata (Lyman) 71

Family Ophiomycetidse 72

Ophiomyces mirabilis Lyman 72

Family Ophiacanthidae 72

Opbiacantha aculeata Verrill 74

anomala Sars 77

aspera Lyman 80

bidentata (Retzius) 80

echinulata Lyman 81

enopla Lyman 83

fraterna Verrill 83

granulifera Verrill 86

lineata Kcehler 87

pentacrinus Lutken 88

meridionalis Lyman 91

TABLE OF CONTENTS. VII

Family Ophiacanthidse— Continued. rage.

Ophiacantha vepratica Ly man

vivipara Ljungman

(Ophiopristis) permixta, new species

(Ophiotreta) affinis, new species

(Ophiotreta) sertata (Lyman) 102

(Ophiotreta) valenciennesi Lyman

Ophiomitrella americana, new species

levis, new species

Isevipellis (Lyman)

porrecta, new species

Ophiomitra robusta, new species

valida Lyman

Ophiopora bartletti (Lyman)

Ophiolimna littoralis Kcehler

Ophioleda minima Koehler

Ophiotrema gracilis, new species

Ophiocamax austera Verrill

fasciculata Lyman

Ophiologimus secundus, new species

OphiocMton grandis Verrill

Family Ophiocomidse

Ophiocoma alexandri Lyman

echinata (Lamarck)

pumila Liitken

riisei Liitken

Family Ophiothricidae

Ophiothrix angulata (Say)

lineata Lyman 120

cerstedit Lutken 121

suensonii Lutken

convoluta, new species

Family Ophioscolecidae

Ophioscolex glacialis Muller and Troschel

Ophioleptoplax atlantica, new species

Ophiobyrsella quadrispinosa, new species

Family Ophiochondridse 127

Ophioehondrus granulatus, new species 127

armatus (Kcehler) -

Family Ophiomyxidse

Ophiomyxa flaccida (Say)

Ophiodera stimpsonii (Lyman)

Family Hemieuryalidse

Sigsbeia conifera, new species

sexradiata, new species

Family Astrochemidse

Astrochema elongatum, new species

Bibliographical References

Explanation of Plates

Supplementary list of West Indian Ophiurana

Index 167

A CONTRIBUTION TO THE STUDY OF THE OPHIURANS
OF THE UNITED STATES NATIONAL MUSEUM.

By RENE KOEHLER.

Professor of Zoology, University of Lyon, France.

INTRODUCTION.

The United States National Museum has been kind enough to entrust to me the
study of a considerable collection of ophiurans coming chiefly from the Caribbean
Sea, and including both littoral and deep-sea forms.1 This collection contains a
certain number of new species additional to those already discovered by the United
States Coast Survey steamer Blake in the same waters. Among the species which
are already known, many are very common and offer no special interest, but there
are also a good many others the characters of which have not been indicated by
the authors in a satisfactory manner, so that I have found it necessary to study
them in detail. Among them, I have particularly devoted my attention to the
species of AmpUura and OpfiiacantTia, both genera being understood in the widest
sense. It seemed to me useful not to limit my observations to the species repre-
sented in the collection which had been entrusted to me, but to extend them to
certain neighboring forms, the knowledge of which was likely to help toward an
understanding of the former. I will describe and illustrate these forms in the
present paper and I think that I shall not be reproached with having made it too
long through such additions.

For such a comparative study, I had to have recourse to the examination of
a certain number of type-specimens, the most important and most numerous of
which had been described either by Liitken or by Ljungman. These types, which
are kept in the Stockholm Museum and in the Copenhagen Museum were most
kindly communicated to me by Professor Theel and my very good friend Doctor
Mortensen, to whom I beg to tender my best thanks for their kindness. The United
States National Museum communicated to me also a few of Professor Verrill's
species.

The collection which has been handed to me includes in all 129 species, of which
24 are new. Here is a list of them:

Family OPHIODERMATID^E.

Ophiodmna appressa (Say).
Ophioderma bremcauda Liitken.
Ophioderma brevispina (Say).
Ophioderma cinerea M filler and Troschel.
Ophioderma rubicunda Lutken.

Ophioderma variegata Lutken.
Ophioderma clypeata, new species.
Ophioderma, species.
Ophiarachnella angulata (Lyman).
Bathypectinura tessellata (Lyman).

i To complete the published records of West Indian ophiurans in the United States National Museum a list is appended
of specimens identified by the Hon. Theodore Lyman but never reported on.

2

BULLETIN 84, UNITED STATES NATIONAL MUSEUM.

Family OPHIOLEPID.E.

Ophiolepis ekgans Liitken.
Ophiokpis paucitpina (Say).
Ophiozona impressa (Liitken).
Ophiozona nivea var. compta Verrill.
Ophiomastus secundus Lyman.
Ophiogtypha convexa Lyman.
Ophioglypha coronata, new species.
Ophioglypha elevata Lyman.
Ophioglypha falcif era Lyman.
Ophioglypha fasciculata Lyman.
Ophioglypha inornata Lyman.
Ophioglypha irrorata Lyman.
Ophioglypha lepida Lyman.
Ophioglypha Ijungmanl Lyman.
Ophioglypha lymani Ljungman.

Ophioglypha robusta (Ayres).
Ophioglypha sarsii (Lutken).
Ophioglypha sculptilis Lyman.
Ophiomusium eburneum Lyman.
Ophiomusium lymani Wyville Thomson.
Ophiomusium planum Lyman.
Ophiomusium rugosum, new species.
Ophiomusium sculptum Verrill.
Ophiomusium serratum Lyman.
Ophiomusium testudo Lyman.
Ophiomusium validum Ljungman.
Ophiomusium armigerum Lyman.
Ophiomisidium speciosum, new species.
Ophiomisidium pulchellum (Wyville Thomson).
Ophiocten hastatum Lyman.

Family AMPHIURID^.

Ophiopholis aculeata (Linnaeus).
Ophiostigma isacanthum (Say).
Hemipholis elongata (Say).
Ophiactis asperula (Philippi).
Ophiactis dispar (Verrill).
Ophiactis duplicate (Lyman).
Ophiactis mulleri Lutken.
Ophiactis savignyi (M tiller and Troschel).
Amphilepis norvegica (Ljungman).
Ophiophragmus wundermani (Lyman).
Ophiocnida filogranea Lyman.
Opiocnida loveni (Ljungman).
Ophiocnida scabriuscula (Lutken).
Amphilimna olivacea (Lyman).
Ophionereis reticulata (Say).
Ophionereis squamulosa, new name.
Ophiopsila riisei Lutken.
Ophiopsila maculata Verrill.
Amphiura Jlexuosa Ljungman.
Amphiura latispina Ljungman.

Amphiura rathbuni, new species.
Amphiura kinbergiensis, new species.
Amphiura palmeri Lyman.
Amphiura fibulata, new species.
Amphiura kukenihali Kcehler.
Amphiura complanata. Ljungman.
Amphiura otteri Ljungman.
Amphiura grandisyuama Lyman.
Amphiura stimpsoni Lutken.
Amphiura magellanica Lyman.
Amphiura diducta, new species.
Amphipholis squamata (Delle Chiaje.)
Amphipholis tenuispina Ljungman.
Amphipholis gracillima Stimpson.
Amphiodia erecta, new species.
Amphiodia liltkeni (Ljungman).
Amphiodia pulchella (Lyman).
Amphioplus abdita (Verrill).
Amphioplug cuneata (Lyman).

Ophiomyces mirabilis Lyman.

Family OPHIOMYCETID^E.

I
Family OPHIACANTHID^E.

Ophiacantha aculeata Verrill.
Ophiacantha anomala Sars.
Ophiacantha aspera Lyman.
Ophiacantha bidentota (Retzius).
Ophiacantha echinulata Lyman.
Ophiacantha enopla Lyman.
Ophiacantha fraterna Verrill.
Ophiacantha granulifera Verrill.
Ophiacantha lineata Kcehler.
Ophiacantha pentacrlnus Lutken.
Ophiacantha meridionalis Lyman.
Ophiacantha vepratica Lyman.

Ophiacantha vivipara Ljnngman.
Ophiacantha (Ophiopristis) permixta, new species.
Ophiacantha (Ophiotreta) affinis, new species.
Ophiacantha (Ophiotreta) sertata (Lyman).
Ophiacantha (Ophiotreta) valenciennesi Lyman.
Ophiomitrella americana, new species.
Ophiomitrella levis, new species.
Ophiomitrella Ixvipellis (Lyman).
Ophiomitrella porrecta, new species.
Ophiomitra robusta, new species.
Ophiomitra valida Lyman.
Ophiopora bartletti (Lyman).

OPHIUBANS OF UNITED STATES NATIONAL MUSEUM. 3

OpMolimna littoralis Koehler.
Ophioleda minima Kcehler.
Ophiotrema gracilis, new species.

Ophiocamax fasciculate. Lyman.
Ophiologirmts secundus, new species.
Ophiochiton grandis Verrill.

Ophiocamax austera Verrill.

Family OPHIOCOMTD^].

Ophiocoma alexandri Lyman.

Ophiocoma pumila Lutken.

Ophiocoma echinata (Lamarck). Ophiocoma riisd Lutken.

Family OPHIOTHRICID^E.

Ophiothrix angv.la.ta (Say).
Ophiothrix lineata Lyman.

Ophiothrix suensonii Lutken.
Ophiothrix convoluta, new species.

Ophiothrix (erstedii Lutken.

Family OPHIOSCOLECID^E.

Ophioscolex glacialis Muller and Troachel. I Ophiobyrsella quadrispinosa, new species.

Ophioleptoplax atlantica, new species.

Family OPHIOCHONDRIDJE.

Ophiochondrus granulatus, new species. | Ophfochondrus armatus (Koehler).

Family OPHIOMYXID^E.

Ophiomyxa flaccida (Say). | Ophiodera stimpsonii (Lyman).

Family HEMTEURYALID^E.
Sigsbeia conifera, new species. | Sigsbeia sexradiata, new species.

Family ASTKOCHEMID^E.
Astrochema elongatum, new species. |

DESCRIPTIONS OF GENERA AND SPECIES.
Family OPHIODERMATID^E.

OPHIODERMA APPRESSA (Say).

(=0phioderma virescens Lutken..)
See for bibliography:

Lyman (82),' p. 9.
Verrill (99), p. 6.
H. L. Clark (01), p. 242.
H. L. Clark (Ola), p. 340.
Verrill (07), p. 326.
Koehler (07), p. 280.
Kcehler (13), p. 353.

Albatross station 2323. Jan. 17, 1885. Lat. 23° 10' 51" N.; long. 82° 19' 03"
W.; 163 fathoms; wh. br. co. One specimen.

Albatross station 2337. Jan. 19, 1885. Lat. 23° 10' 39" N.; long. 82° 20' 21"
W.; 199 fathoms; co. One specimen.

Fish Hawk station 7182. Nov. 28, 1901. Lat. 29°; long. 83° 18' 45" W.;
5f fathoms; rocky coral; temp. 15.3° C. Three specimens.

Fish Hawk station 7215. Jan. 15, , 1902. Lat. 28° 26' N.; long. 83° 02' 30"
W.; 1\ fathoms; rocky coral; temp. 13° C. One specimen.

i The figures in parentheses, printed in boldface type, refer to the bibliographic index at the end of the paper.

4 BULLETIN 84, UNITED STATES NATIONAL MUSEUM.

Fish Hawk1 station 7253. Jan. 28, 1902. Highland. Lat. 27° 55' 30" N.;
long. 83° 11' 30" W.; 13 fathoms; c. r.2; temp. 15.2° C. Two specimens.

Fish Hawk station 7281. Jan. 23, 1902. Anclote. Lat. 28° 03' 30" N.;
long. 83° 10' W.; 10 fathoms; s.; temp. 52° F. Two specimens.

Sand Key Keef, Florida. Four specimens.

Garden Key, Florida. One dry specimen.

Tortugas Reef, Florida. One dry specimen.

Florida. One dry specimen.

Abaco, Bahamas. Eleven specimens.

Hungry Bay, Bermudas. Three specimens.

Key West. Three specimens.

Swan Islands. Three specimens.

Ascension Island. One specimen.

OPH1ODERMA BREVICATJDA Liitken.

See for bibliography:

Latken (59), p. 94, pi. 1, fig. 3.
Lyman (65), p. 16.
Lyman (82), p. 9.
Verrill (99), p. 5.
Kcehler (07), p. 281.
Koehler (13), p. 354.

Albatross station 2604. Oct. 18, 1885. Lat. 34° 37' 30" N.; long. 75° 39' 45"
W.; 34 fathoms; yl. s. brk. sh. One specimen.

Albatross station 2608. Oct. 19, 1885. Lat. 34° 32' 00" N.; long. 76° 12' 00"
W.; 22 fathoms; crs. gy. s. bk. sp. Two specimens.

FisTi Hawk station 7164. Nov. 21, 1901. Pepperfish Key. Lat. 83° 37' 20"
N.; long. 29° 10' 45" W.; 8f fathoms; s.; temp. 18° C. One specimen.

Abaco, Bahamas. Some specimens.

Key West. One specimen.

Ascension Island. One specimen.

The specimens from Abaco are rather large, but they have almost completely
lost their color, as have those from stations 2604 and 7164 and that from Ascension.
The two smaller specimens from station 2608 have partly preserved their greenish
tint.

OPHIODERMA BREVISPINA (Say).
(=0phiura olivaceum Ayres and 0. serpeng Ltitken.)
See for bibliography :

Lyman (82), p. 9.
. Verrill (99), p. 4.
H. L. Clark (01), p. 241.
Kcehler (07), p. 281.
Verrill (07), p. 326.
Koehler (13), p. 354.

i The steamers Fish Hawk, A Ibalross, and Speedwell and the schooner Grampus are vessels of the United States Fish Com-
mission now known as the United States Bureau of Fisheries.

« The abbreviations for bottom materials are those used by the Bureau of Fisheries in its published records of dredging and
other stations.

OPHIUHANS OF UNITED STATES NATIONAL MUSEUM. 5

Albatross station 2467. July 3, 1885. Lat. 45° 23' N.; long. 55° 41' W.; 38
fathoms; fne. wh. s. bk. sp.; temp. 35.8° F. Two specimens.

Fish Hawk station 7181. Nov. 28, 1901. Lat. 29° 2' 30" N.; long. 83° 14'
W.; 4J fathoms; sdy.; temp. 14.8° C. One specimen.

Fish HawTc station 7221. Jan. 15, 1902. Lat. 28° 34' 45" N. ; long. 83° 08' W.;
5f fathoms; c. r. grs.; temp. 12.5° C. One specimen.

Fish Hawk station 7223. Jan. 17, 1902. Lat. 28° 36' N.; long. 82° 57' W.;
3 fathoms; sdy. grsy.; temp. 11.6° C. One specimen.

Fish HawTc station 7225. Jan. 17, 1902. Lat. 28° 42' 30" N. ; long. 83° 09' 45"
W.; 7 fathoms; s. brk. sh. grs.; temp. 12.2° C. One specimen.

Fish Hawk station 7277. Feb. 13, 1902. Key West. 5J fathoms; co. s.
grs.; temp. 20° C. Two specimens.

Fish Hawk station 7354. Dec. 17, 1902. Florida Bay. Lat. 25° 10' 10" N.;
long. 81° 28' 30" W.; 4| fathoms; h. gy. s.; temp. 23.5° C. Two specimens.

Fish Hawk station 7373. Dec. 19, 1902. Florida Bay. Lat. 25° 01 ' N. ; long.
81° 25' 30" W.; 4J fathoms; sp. s. sh.; temp. 23° C. Three specimens.

Fish Hawk station 7426. Jan. 27, 1903. Hawk Channel; 18 feet; s. and
grs.; temp. 23.5° C. One specimen.

Fish HawTc station 7429. Jan. 27, 1903. Hawk Channel; 14 feet; rky. Four
specimens.

Fish HawTc station 7466. Feb. 19, 1903. Hawk Channel; 2J fathoms, barry.

Fish Hawk station 7467. Feb. 19, 1903. Hawk Channel; 2J fathoms. Two

specimens.

Fish Hawk station 7484. Mar. 7, 1903. Biscayne Bay Key, Florida; If
fathoms; s. grs. Two specimens.

Grampus station 5108. Mar. 21, 1889. Lat. 26° 19' N.; long. 83° 11' W.; 27
fathoms; m. Three specimens.
Florida:

Key West. Forty-eight specimens.
Key Largo. Forty-eight specimens.
Indian Key. Seven specimens.

Lower Matacumba. Two hundred and twelve specimens.
Cape Komano. One specimen.
Cedar Keys. Sixty-nine specimens.
Boca Ceiga Bay. Three specimens.
Sarasota Bay. Four specimens.
Puntarasa. A few specimens.
St. Augustine. One dry specimen.
Dry Tortugas. Three specimens.
NW. end St. Martin's reef. One specimen.
No label. Three specimens.

0. Irevispina offers a wide geographical range, and the synonymy with
0. olivacea being admitted, the species would extend from Cape Cod and Vineyard
Sound to the Brazilian coasts, where it has been reported by Ludwig. Verrill
is rather inclined to see in the form olivacea, which had formerly been described as
a distinct species, a northern variety living between Cape Cod and Charleston.

6 BULLETIN 84, UNITED STATES NATIONAL MUSEUM.

I do not think that this species can be united with 0. januarii Liitken. I
have been able to compare with the numerous specimens of 0. brevispina which I
have been studying of late years, one of Liitken's two types which are preserved in
the Copenhagen Museum and which were most kindly lent to me by Doctor Mortensen.
It is undoubtedly quite a distinct form; besides the fact that 0. januarii, always
reaches a very large size (the diameter of the disk is 18 mm, in Ltitken's types
and 17 mm. in Lyman's example), I notice that the characters indicated by Liitken
are very obvious, and the notches of the upper face of the disk at the beginning
of the arms are even still deeper than indicated on Liitken's drawing; the spines,
which are cylindrical, are almost as long as the article. To sum up, the differences
are important enough to justify the separation of the two species, between which
I have never observed any intermediate form.

OPHIODERMA CINEREA Milller and Troschel.

(=0phioderma antillarum Liitken.)
See for bibliography:

Verrill (99), p. 6.
H. L. Clark (01), p. 242.
Verrill (07), p. 325.
Koehler (07), p. 281.
Koehler (13), p. 354.

Albatross station 2160. Apr. 30, 1884. Lat. 23° 10' 31" N.; long. 82° 20' 37"
W.; 167 fathoms; co. One specimen.

Albatross station 2166. May 1, 1884. Lat. 23° 10' 36" N.; long. 82° 20' 30"
W.; 196 fathoms; co.; temp. 71.9° F. Five specimens.

Albatross station 2326. Jan. 17, 1885. Lat. 23° 11' 45" N.; long. 82° 18' 54"
W.; 194 fathoms; br. co.; temp. 62° F. One specimen.

Albatross station 2330. Jan. 17, 1885. Lat. 23° 10' 48" N.; long. 82° 19' 15"
W.; 121 fathoms; fne. gy. co. Four specimens.

Albatross station 2333. Jan. 19, 1885. Lat. 23° 10' 36" N.; long. 82° 19' 12"
W. ; 169 fathoms; fne. wh. co. Two specimens.

Albatross station 2334. Jan. 19, 1885. Lat. 23° 10' 42" N.; long. 82° 18' 24"
W.; 67 fathoms; wh. co. Four specimens.

Albatross station 2336. Jan. 19, 1885. Lat. 23° 10' 48" N. ; long. 82° 18' 52"
W.; 157 fathoms; co. Two specimens.

Albatross station 2341. Jan. 19, 1885. Lat. 23° 11' 00" N.; long. 82° 19' 06"
W.; 143 fathoms; co. One specimen.

Albatross station 2384. Mar. 3, 1885. Lat. 28° 45' 00" N.; long. 88° 15' 30"
W. ; 940 fathoms; br. gy. m.; temp. 39.6° F. Eight specimens.

FisTi Hawk station 7231. Jan. 23, 1902. Anclote. Lat. 28° 03' 30" N.;
long. 83° 10' W.; 10 fathoms; rky. c.; temp. 13.5° C. Three specimens.

Key West, Florida. Three specimens.

New Providence, Bahamas. Three specimens.

Port Castries, St. Lucia. One specimen.

Abrolhos Islands, Brazil. Albatross, Dec. 27, 1887. Nine dry specimens, very
large and fine. The diameter of the disk ranges between 20 and 26 mm.

OPHIURANS OF UNITED STATES NATIONAL MUSEUM. 7

OPHIODERMA RUBICUNDA Ltitken.

See for bibliography:

Verrill (96), p. 6.
H. L. Clark (01), p. 242.
Koehler (07), p. 282.
Koehler (13), p. 354.

Nassau. One specimen (No. 14646).

OPHIODERMA VARIEGATA Ltltken.

Ophioderma variegata LUTKEN (59), p. 97.

Ophioderma variegata LJUNOMAN (66), p. 304.

OpMura variegata VEERILL (67), p. 254.

Ophiura variegata LYMAN (75), p. 3.

Ophiura variegata LYMAN (82), p. 10.

Ophioderma variegata LUTKEN and MORTENSEN (99), p. 100.

Ophioderma variegata KCEHLER (07), p. 282.

Albatross station 2824. Apr. 30, 1888. Gulf of California. Lat. 24° 22'
30" N.;long. 110° 19' 30" W.;8 fathoms ; brk. sh. Ten specimens. .

The diameter of the disk ranges between 5 and 8 mm. ; the length of the arms
reaches 25 mm.

Most of the specimens have preserved bright colors. The upper face of the
disk is pink or even red, washed with green in the interradial spaces near the margin
of the disk; the under face is greenish. The arms are annulated with green and
red. These colors are even brighter than is generally indicated.

By their general structure, these specimens are most closely allied with
0. brevispina from the Atlantic, from which they differ above all by their colora-
tion. The brachial spines, generally amounting to seven, are short. 0. variegata
is likely to be one day definitely classified with 0. brevispina, as some writers have
already suggested.

OPHIODERMA CLYPEATA, new species.
Plate 18, figa. 2 and 6.

BlaTce station 241. Feb. 24, 1879. Off Grenadines; 163 fathoms; s., co.;
temp. 53° F. One specimen.

Type.— Cat. No. 6514, U.S.N.M.

This Ophiura was labeled Ophioderma elapsl It was mentioned under the
same name, followed as well by a note of interrogation, by Lyman in 1883 (83,
p. 230), with other individuals coming from two other stations (depths 300 and 120
fathoms), and which I have not seen.

Lyman says only that these specimens differ from Liitken's type in having
from six to seven brachial spines instead of from seven to eight. In fact, the differ-
ences are actually more important, and I have been able to appreciate them by
comparing the specimen which belongs to the United States National Museum with
one of Liitken's types, which my friend Doctor Mortensen has kindly lent me
It seems to me impossible that this specimen should be united with O. elaps, and,
in my opinion, it ought to constitute a new species for which I propose the name
of Ophioderma dypeata.

6061°— Bull. 84—14 2

8 BULLETIN 84, UNITED STATES NATIONAL MUSEUM.

I give here (pi. 18, figs. 2 and 6) two photographs representing the upper and
under faces of the new species, and, for comparison, a photograph of the under face
of 0. claps (fig. 4) ; the upper face of the disk and a side view of the arms of the latter
species are represented on plate 1, figs. 1 and 2.

The new species being fairly near to 0. elaps, it will be sufficient to indicate
here the differences which separate them.

The diameter of the disk is 29 mm. and the largest arm is 142 mm. long.

The notches of the upper face of the disk of 0. dypeala, at the beginning of the
arms, are less strongly marked than in 0. elaps; they do not reach beyond the second
upper brachial plate, and, moreover, the first of these two plates is extremely short
and rudimental; it may even be completely lacking; while in 0. elaps, the notch
extends at least as far as the middle of the third upper brachial plate. The shape
of the upper brachial plates is the same in both species, but the under plates of
0. clypeata are very much widened, and they are much wider than long, with a
convex distal edge and rounded sides, while in 0. elaps, these plates are almost
square, nearly as wide as long, and the lateral edges remain straight; they join the
distal side by a rounded angle only.

The number of the brachial spines is always inferior by one unit to that observed
in 0. elaps as it has been indicated by Lyman. This number, which is seven at the
base of the arms, afterwards decreases to six. Excepting the first ventral spine,
which is more developed, all these spines are almost as long as the article and they
are clearly more elongated than in 0. elaps; consequently, the difference between
the length of the first ventral spine and that of the following spines is not so strongly
marked as in the latter species; in return, this first ventral spine is a little more
widened here.

Lastly, the shape of the mouth shields is altogether different in the two species.
Instead of being triangular, as long as wide, with a rounded apex, a convex distal
edge and very widely rounded lateral angles, these shields are rather quadrangular:
they are somewhat longer than wide and their distal side, which is very clearly
excavated, joins the lateral edges in angles which are more open and much more
broadly rounded than in 0. elaps. These lateral edges are hardly convergent and
they are united by a very convex proximal edge, but they do not join in an angle,
as is the case for this latter species. The shield which carries the madreporic pore
is more particularly elongated and it is one-and-a-half times longer than wide.

The sum of these characters seems important enough to account for a specific
separation for this Ophioderma, which perhaps does not abandon a certain depth.

OPHIODERMA, species ?, young.

Plate 2, figs. 1-2.

Green Cay, Bahamas. One specimen (Ace. No. 41471).

I can not specifically determine a very young specimen which evidently belongs
to the genus Ophioderma, the diameter of the disk of which does not exceed 4.5 mm.,
while its arms reach only 10 mm. This example is remarkable, owing to the fact
that the various parts of the body are almost entirely covered with very numerous
granules which appear on certain plates or plate-parts which ought to be bare in

OPHIUBANS OF UNITED STATES NATIONAL MUSEUM. 9

the adult. Thus the central part of the upper and under brachial plates alone is
visible, and the bare parts of these plates remain separated from one another by
several rows of granules. These completely cover the lateral plates and the mouth
pieces, which in consequence entirely disappear. On the upper face of the disk,
however, the radial shields are distinct and completely bare. The brachial spines
amount to six only: They are short, small, conical, pointed, rather loosely set
together, and the first ventral one is a little larger than the others. The two suc-
cessive genital slits, which normally exist in the genus Ophioderma on each side of
the interradial spaces at the base of the arms, are already well shaped and well
separated.

This specimen must be a young one of a rather large-sized species, perhaps
of 0. cinerea. Owing to its peculiar characters, I beg to present here two illus-
trations which represent respectively its upper and its under face (pi. 2, figs. 1, 2).

OPniARACIINELLA (-PECTINUKA) ANGULATA (Lyman).

Pectinura angulata LYMAN (83), p. 232, pi. 3, figs. 7-9.
Pcctinura angulata VEKRILL (99), p. 8.
Ophiarachnella angulata H. L. CLARK (09), p. 124.

Albatross station 2350. Jan. 20, 1885. Lat. 23° 10' 39" N.; long. 80° 20' 21"
W.; 213 fathoms; co. One specimen.

The example is in good state, although one of the arms has been broken from
its base; the diameter of the disk is 25 mm., and the length of the arms exceeds
120 mm. It is altogether in conformity with Lyman's description: There are three
pairs of pores at the beginning of the arms and the tentacular scales are really two.
It was owing to a misprint, which H. L. Clark pointed out with reason, that I
indicated a single tentacular scale when comparing this species with Pectinura
Jionorata (04, p. 8).

The Blake dredged 0. angulata between 88 and 248 fathoms, and the Bahama
expedition found it again on the Bahama Bank.

BATHYPECTINTJRA TESSELLATA (Lyman).

See for bibliography:
H. L. Clark (09), p. 130.

Albatross station 2384. Mar. 3, 1885. Lat. 28° 45' N.; long. 88° 15' 30" W.;
940 fathoms; br. gy. m.; temp. 39.6° F. One specimen.

Family OPHIOLEPID^].

OPHIOLEPIS ELEGANS Liitken.

OpJiwhpis elegans LUTKEN (59), p. 105.
Ophialepis elegans LYMAN (65), p. 58, pi. 2, fig. 5.
Ophiolepis elegans LYMAN (82), p. 20.
Ophiolepis elegans IVES (89), p. 175.
Ophiolepis elegans II. L. CLARK (01), p. 242.

Albatross station 2605. Oct. 18, 1885. Lat. 34° 35' 30" N.; long. 75° 45' 30"
W.; 32 fathoms; wh. s. bk. sp. One specimen.

10 BULLETIN 84, UNITED STATES NATIONAL MUSEUM.

Albatross station 2608. Oct. 19, 1885. Lat. 34° 32' N.; long. 76° 12' W.;
22 fathoms; crs. gy. s. bk. sp. Three specimens.

Grampus station 5076. Mar. 1, 1889. Lat. 25° 24' N.; long. 83° 28' W.;
39 fathoms; gr. co. fne. sh. One specimen.

Grampus station 5088. Mar. 11, 1889. Lat. 25° 44' 32" N.; long. 83° 24'
15" W.; 34 fathoms; fne. s. Two specimens.

Grampus station 5100. Mar. 18, 1889. Lat. 26° 04' N.; long. 83° 00' W.;
26 fathoms; hrd. blk. gr. One specimen.

Grampus station 5102. Mar. 18, 1889. Lat. 26° 08' N.; long. 83° 22' W.;
33 fathoms; s. blk. sp. One specimen.

Grampus station 5109. Mar. 21, 1889. Lat. 26° 17' 30" N.; long. 83° 00' W.;
24 fathoms; fne. gy. s. blk. sp. One specimen.

Fish Hawk station 7108. Mar. 28, 1901. N. Channel into Tampa Bay; 12}
fathoms; br. sh. and s.; temp. 19.1° C. Ten specimens.

Fish Hawk station 7180. Nov. 27, 1901. North Key; 3J fathoms; sdy. rky.;
temp. 14.5° C. One specimen.

FishHawk station 7210. Dec. 9, 1901. Lat. 28° 50' 30" N.; long. 83° 11' 45"
W.; 6 fathoms; sdy. stcky.; temp. 16.5° C. One specimen.

Fish Hawk station 7261. Jan. 29, 1902. Highland. Lat. 27° 42' 30" N.;
long. 82° 46' 50" W.; 3J fathoms; hrd. brk. sh.; temp. 15.5° C. Four specimens.

Fish Hawk station 7290. Feb. 24, 1902. Lat. 24° 46' 12" N.; long. 81° 53'
30" W.; 10£ fathoms; co.; temp. 19° C. Two specimens.

Fish Hawk station 7291. Feb. 24, 1902. Lat. 24° 42' 30" N.; long. 81° 55'
52" W.; 1\ fathoms; hd. smooth; temp. 19.5° C. One specimen.

Fish Hawk station 7349. Dec. 17, 1902. Florida Bay; 11£ feet; s. sh.
Twenty-six specimens.

Fish, Hawk station 7516. Mar. 30, 1903. Gulf Stream off Cape Florida;
fn. gy. s. co.; temp. 69° F. One specimen.

Fish HawTc station 7517. Mar. 30, 1903. Gulf Stream off Cape Florida.
Thirty-six fathoms; fn. gy. s. brk. sh.; temp. 74° F. Five specimens.

Nassau. Albatross. One specimen.

Sarasota Bay, Florida. Eleven specimens.

Puntarasa, Florida. Many specimens.

Charlotte Harbor, Florida. Three specimens.

N. W. end of St. Martin's Reef, Florida. Four specimens.

Tampa Bay, Florida. Several specimens.

Marco, Florida. Many specimens.

Cape Romano, Florida. Thirteen specimens.

South of Key West, Florida. One specimen.

Florida. Five specimens.

Charleston Harbor, South Carolina. One specimen.

0. elegans has been found previously in South Carolina and various localities
of the West Indies. Greeff met with it on the western coast of Africa.

OPHIURANS OF UNITED STATES NATIONAL MUSEUM. 11

OPHIOLEPIS PATJCISPINA (Say).

See for bibliography :

Lutken (59), p. 102, pi. 2, fig. 2.

Lyman (65), p. 55.

Lyman (82), p. 19.

Greeff (82), p. 157.

Kcehler (07), p. 287.

Verrill (07), p. 325.

Koehler (13), p. 355.

Key West, Florida. Four specimens.
Without indication. One specimen.

This species, known in several parts of the West Indies, has been found by
Greeff at San Thome' (Guinea), at a depth of 15-20 fathoms.

OPHIOZONA 1MPRESSA (LUtken).

See for bibliography:

Verrill (99), p. 8.

H. L. Clark (01), p. 243.

Koehler (13), p. 355.

Dry Tortugas, Florida. One specimen.
Key West, Florida. Forty specimens.

OPHIOZONA NIVEA var. COMPTA Verrill.
Ophiozona nivea var. compta VERRILL (99a), p. 303.

Off Havana, 1886. One specimen.

Diameter of disk 9.5 mm.; one arm only is entire, its length being about 30 mm.
The radial shields are separated on their whole length.

This specimen can be referred to the variety distinguished by Verrill, but if
we consider how easily this species varies, a fact owned by Verrill himself, one may
be in doubt as to the usefulness of introducing a new variety based on the radial
shields being more or less spread, while there are other plates, such as the mouth
shields for instance, which are likely to vary quite notably in shape and in their
relations with one another.

0. nivea var. compta has been met with off Havana, between 110 and 263
fathoms. The typical species has been taken in various localities of the Caribbean
Sea by the Hassler and the Blake, between 56 and 424 fathoms.

OPHIOMASTTJS SECTJNDUS Lyman.

Ophiomastus secundus LYMAN (78a), p. 218, pi. 2, figs. 16-18.
Ophiomastus secundus LYMAN (82), p. 101, pi. 39, fig. 14.
Ophiomastus secundus LYMAN (83), p. 248.

Albatross station 2645. Apr. 9, 1886. Lat. 25° 46' 30" N.; long. 80° 02' W.;
157 fathoms; gn. s.; temp. 43.4° F. Several specimens.

Albatross station 2646. Apr. 9, 1886. Lat. 25° 47' N.; long. 80° 05' W.;
85 fathoms; gy. s. for. Three specimens.

12 BULLETIN 84, UNITED STATES NATIONAL MUSEUM.

Albatross station 2666. May 5, 1886. Lat. 30° 47' 30" N. ; long. 79° 49' W. ;
270 fathoms; gy. s.; temp. 48.3° F. Two specimens.

Fish Hawk station 7295. Feb. 26, 1902. Lat. 24° 21' 45" N.; long. 81° 47'
45" W.; 122 fathoms; co.; temp. 19.5° C. One specimen.

0. secundus has been found by the Blake at Santa Cruz and various other
places in the West Indies, between 60-150 and 1,131 fathoms.

OPH10GLYPHA CONVEXA Lyman.

Plate 2, figs. 5-6.
See for bibliography:

Koetler (09), p. 149.

Albatross station 2097. Oct. 1, 1883. Lat. 37° 56' 20" N.; long. 70° 57'
30 "W.; 1,917 fathoms; glob. oz. Six specimens.

Albatross station 2098. Oct. 1, 1883. Lat. 37° 40' 30" N.; long. 70° 37'
30" W. ; 2,221 fathoms; glob. oz. Seventeen specimens.

The diameter of the disk ranges between 10 and 15 mm.

I have already referred * to the variations which this species may offer and which
I myself have ascertained after Lyman. When the upper plates of the disk become
more numerous, the specimens may display some characters which recall those of 0.
SwZZato Wyville Thomson and, in this connection, I must particularly refer to two speci-
mens from station 2098. In one of them, the diameter of the disk of which reaches
only 12 mm., the upper plates are not so numerous as usual, but the six primary
plates are separated from one another in each interradial space by two successive
little plates, an arrangement which has not yet been reported in 0. convexa; the
two radial shields of each pair are also isolated from each other by a row of small
plates. In the other specimen, the diameter of the disk of which is 15 mm., the
radial shields are also separated on their whole length and the upper plates of the
disk are fairly numerous. This arrangement, in such specimens as undoubtedly
belong to 0. convexa, makes a transition to 0. bullata to which, in other respects,
0. convexa is closely allied.

But whatever may be the variations in the arrangement of the upper plates
of the disk, the radial comb always consists of low, short, and rectangular papillae,
as I have indicated in my paper on the Echinoderms of the Princesse-Alice (09, pi. 25,
figs. 1 and 2). Besides, I shall refer again to the characters of 0. convexa when
studying the following species, which is very closely allied to it.

OPHIOGLYPHA CORONATA, new species.

Plate 2, figs. 3-4-.
? Ophioglypha convexa LYMAN (83), p. 247.

Albatross station 2750. Nov. 27, 1887. Lat. 13° 30' N.; long. 63° 31' W.;
496 fathoms; glob, oz.; temp. 36.8° F. Two specimens.

Type.—C&t. No. 32290, U.S.N.M.

The diameter of the disk is respectively 10.5, and 12 mm.; one of the arms,
apparently entire, of the larger specimen, measures 25 mm.

' fechinodermes provenant des campagncs du yacht Princess Alice, 1909, p. 150.

OPHIUKANS OF UNITED STATES NATIONAL MUSEUM. 13

There is no doubt that this species, which I must consider as a new one, is
identical with the OpTiioglypha indicated by Lyman * in 1883, who referred it,
together with other specimens, to 0. convexa, and which came from the dredgings
of the Blake in the West Indies. Here is what Lyman wrote about these specimens:

The six primary plates extremely swollen, form an elevated rosette, overhanging very small radial
shields, not so large as the head of the genital scale. The mouth shield, too, occupies the whole of the
lower interbrachial space. But specimens from station 148 were intermediate, or rather differed from
the typical form only in finer arm comb papillae and more interbrachial scales on the disk margin. It
will be necessary to await further dredgings before deciding the specific limits. It is to be noted as an
important difference, that, while the typical 0. convexa is found in 2,350 fathoms, this species doea
not go below 240 fathoms.

I find again, in the collection of the Ophiurans of the Albatross, two specimens
which offer precisely the same peculiarities as Lyman indicated in 1883; it seems
to me obvious that these two examples can not be referred to 0. convexa, but that
they must constitute a different species the characters of which it is necessary to
describe. The disk is pentagonal and even slightly excavated in the interradial
spaces; it is thick, but the upper face is little convex; the under face is plane.
The arms, rather short, grow rapidly thinner from the base which, besides, is not
very wide.

The upper face of the disk is mostly occupied by six large polygonal plates,
contiguous and subequal, arranged as in 0. convexa, but the part of the disk covered
by them is still larger than in the latter species. Out of this primary rosette
there is to be seen, in each interradial space, but one single large plate, pentagonal,
somewhat longer than wide, with a proximal angle widely opened and a distal
side lying very close to the outline of the disk; in fact, out of that plate is seen
only one other plate which is extremely short and transversally widened. On each
side of the large interradial plate, and in its distal region, there are two or three
extremely small plates continued on the sides of the marginal plate which
succeeds the above-mentioned interradial plate. The radial spaces are entirely
occupied by the two radial shields which are in contact with the corresponding
primary radial plate, but are much smaller than the latter.

These shields are a little wider than long; the two in each pair are con-
tiguous on their whole length and they form distally an extremely obtuse angle
into which is inserted the corresponding angle of the first upper brachial plate.
All the plates of the upper face of the disk are covered with pretty fine, rounded
granules, which shoot from the angles of a polygonal netting which covers the
plates and separates small rounded facets. The radial papillae, visible on the
upper face, are extremely elongated and closely disposed, numerous, fine, and
sharp; they become rapidly shorter on the under face, and do not extend beyond
the level of the distal third of the mouth shield.

The under face of the disk, in the interradial spaces, is not very wide owing
to the widening of the arms at their bases; it is not completely covered by the
mouth shields, out of which is left a small space covered by a few polygonal and
unequal plates, among which one may be seen occupying a more or less exactly
median place, which is a little larger than the others. The genital plates are fairly

iflull. Mus. Comp. Zool., vol. 10, p. 243.

14 BULLETIN 84, UNITED STATES NATIONAL MUSEUM.

wide, but they do not extend much beyond the distal margin of the mouth shields.
The genital slits are narrow, but quite distinct, and they are continued nearly
up to the end of the mouth shields, on the same level as the middle of the first
lateral brachial plate.

The mouth shields are large, elongated, but their width is not very important ;
they are almost pyriform and much more widened distally than proximally; they
are almost twice longer than wide. They offer a very obtuse and short proximal
angle, and then, a little further back, they are somewhat notched by the extremity
of the genital slit ; beyond that, they first grow rapidly wider, and then more slowly
so, up to their distal part which is limited by a strongly rounded border. The
adoral plates are fairly wide with their two margins almost parallel, but narrower
without than within; they are one and a hah" longer than wide. The oral plates
are pretty high. The oral papillae amount to six at least on each side, but the four
or five external papillae, very low and rectangular, are more or less jointed and their
outlines are hardly apparent; the innermost papilla is conical and pointed, and it is
smaller than the odd terminal papilla, which is also conical and pointed. All these
mouth plates, as well as those of the under face of the disk, are covered with fine
rounded granulations.

The arms, fairly broad at their bases, grow rapidly thinner; they are hardly
carinated and their upper face is convex. Only the first upper brachial plate
is large, triangular, with a very obtuse proximal angle and a very convex distal
margin. The second one, of hexagonal shape, is extremely wide and at least twice
wider than long, with a concave proximal margin, and a very convex distal margin,
while the lateral margins are each resolved into two little sides meeting in an obtuse
angle. The third and fourth plates are still hexagonal, but their width rapidly
decreases at the same time as the proximal side becomes narrower, so that they
assume a triangular shape, with a proximal angle which is truncated on the fifth
and sixth plates, but their distal margin may generally be divided into two distinct
sides which meet in an obtuse angle; these plates remain wider than long and they
part, from the sixth or seventh, upward. Beyond that the plates become tri-
angular, a little wider than long, with very sharp angles and a feebly convex distal
margin. The first plates are granulous, like those of the upper face of the disk,
but the granules very soon disappear and the surface of the former becomes almost
smooth, contrary to what happens with the neighboring lateral plates which always
remain more or less strongly granulated.

The under brachial plates are rather small and a great part of the under face
of the arms is covered by the lateral plates. The first four or five under brachial
plates are separated from one another by a narrow and shallow transverse furrow.
The first under plate is large, triangular, with the proximal angle truncated and
the three sides somewhat excavated. The second one, trapezoidal, is as wide as
the first one, but it is wider than long, with the distal side longer than the proximal
one, which is excavated. The third plate is trapezoidal also and wider than long,
but narrower than the preceding one. The fourth plate, still trapezoidal, is a
little longer than wide and its distal margin is almost straight. The fifth and sixth
plates are also a little longer than wide, but they become narrower than the fourth
and their proximal margin is apt to be elongated into a slightly obtuse angle.

OPHIUEANS OF UNITED STATES NATIONAL MUSEUM. 15

Beyond that the plates, which up to that point were separated only by the trans-
verse furrow which I have mentioned above, go farther and farther apart from each
other; they become at first pentagonal [and as long as wide, and soon assume a
triangular shape with a very convex distal margin, and at the same time become
wider than long. It must be noticed that the first under plates have granules just
like the other plates of the body, but about the eighth plate these granules begin to
be arranged in regular transverse sets which will form pretty well marked strias on
the surface of the next plates. A like structure appears only to a very small extent,
or is even completely lacking, on the lateral plates.

The lateral plates are broadly developed and take up an important part of the
upper and under faces of the arms; their surfaces are covered with granules, which
disappear only at the extremities of the arms. On their distal margin there are
generally three short, papilliform, and sharp spines, the dorsal spine being a little
isolated from the other two. On some articles of one of the arms I exceptionally
find four spines which are separated by equal intervals.

The tentacular pores of the first pair open widely in the mouth, and they
generally carry five scales on each margin; these scales are small, truncated, very
closely put together or even somewhat jointed. The pores of the second pair have
four or five scales on the proximal or external margin and four on the opposite
margin, the latter being less developed than the proximal ones. A like arrangement
is observed on the pores of the third and of the fourth pair. On the pores of the
fifth and sixth pairs the proximal margin carries four scales and the distal margin
has but two small ones. On the following pores these distal scales rapidly dis-
appear, but of the proximal scales there remain three, a number which is persistently
found on almost the whole length of the arms; but the scales become smaller, short,
and conical.

The color of the specimens in alcohol is grayish-white.

Resemblances and differences. — 0. coronata is evidently closely allied to 0. con-
vexa, although distinct from it. I think the two should be separated. We have
seen that Lyman had already attempted to do so. The six primary plates are
largely developed, and they take up on the upper face of the disk a comparatively
larger space than in 0. convexa, so as to leave room for only a single interradial
plate, a very large one, larger even than in 0. convexa. The radial shields are rela-
tively small and more reduced than in the latter species. The radial papilla are
extremely narrow, cylindrical, elongated, pointed, numerous, and closely put together,
and they completely differ from those which are known to exist in 0. convexa, these
latter being rather low and rectangular, as I indicated in 1909 (09, p. 149).

The arms are far less carinated than in 0. convexa. The upper brachial plates
are quadrangular on the first articles only and rapidly become triangular, while in
0. convexa they remain quadrangular on more than half of the length of the arms,
and become triangular only beyond that point, although they remain as long as wide
or even a little longer than wide. On the under face the arms are more widened
at their base, consequently the interradial spaces are narrower than in 0. convexa
and the mouth shields themselves are also narrower. Lyman had observed that
in some specimens of the Blake these shields covered the whole under face of the
disk inwardly of the genital plates; such is not the case in my two examples, which

16 BULLETIN 84, UNITED STATES NATIONAL MUSEUM.

show out of the mouth shields a few small distal plates. The under brachial
plates are less developed in the new species and they become a little longer than
wide only between the fourth and the seventh article or thereabout, after which
they rapidly become very small and triangular; I notice, on the contrary, that in
0. convexa these plates remain longer than wide on the longest part of the arms,
and they do not assume a triangular shape until near the last articles. All these
differences may readily be understood from the photographs which I reproduce here
(pi. 2, figs. 3-6). It will be seen that a specific separation is amply justified.

Let it be added, also, as Lyman stated, that 0. convexa has always been caught
in great depths, while the specimens of the Blake came from depths ranging between
114 and 270 fathoms; the two specimens of the Albatross were found somewhat
deeper.

One might also compare 0. coronata with 0. solida Lyman, in which the plates
of the upper face of the disk are arranged in a similar manner, but the characters
of the under face, and among others the shape of the mouth shields, which are very
small, as well as that of the under brachial plates, make any comparison impossible.

OPHIOGLYPHA ELEVATA Lyman.
Plate 3, fig. 5.

Ophioglypha ekvata LYMAN (78), p. 82, pi. 4, figs. 87-89.
Ophioglypha elevata LYMAN (82), p. 57, pi. 5, figs. 16-18.

Albatross station 2675. Lat. 32° 32' 30" N.; long. 77° 15' W.; 327 fathoms;
gy. s. bk. sp. sh.; temp. 45.8° F. One specimen.

The diameter of the disk is 7 mm. ; none of the arms is preserved to its entire
length.

Lyman's type was found by the Challenger in lat. 46° 40' S. and long 37° 50'
E., in a depth of 310 fathoms. Notwithstanding the long distance between the
stations, the example found by the Albatross really belongs to Lyman's species,
although I notice a few differences which are rather unimportant and are undoubt-
edly due to the fact that the type was a little smaller, the diameter of the disk not
exceeding 6 mm.

Lyman says that the tentacular oral pores offer two scales on each side; in
my specimen I observe three on the interradial side and two or three on the radial
side. The following pores have three and sometimes four scales on the proximal
and external side. This number then falls to two and remains so on the whole
preserved length of the arms, while the distal and internal side generally con-
tinues to show three papillae. These papillae are not so sharply limited as the
external scales, but they are, nevertheless, plainly noticeable; at a certain distance
from the arm base the number of these scales falls to two, and finally to one.
The mouth shields are wider distally than indicated in Lyman's drawing in the
"Reports of the Challenger" (82, pi. 5, fig. 16); in the drawing in the Bulletin
(78, pi. 4, fig. 87), the distal region is represented wider, but with fairly sharp
lateral angles, while these are actually rounded.

The first under brachial plates of 0. elevata are known to carry in their middle
a longitudinal swelling which is characteristic of the species. Lyman says that
this swelling is within the disk and he represents it on the first four ventral plates.
In my specimen this swelling appears on the first five plates at least. On the first

OPHIURANS OF UNITED STATES NATIONAL MUSEUM. 17

plate it is wider than on the following ones, and it forms an almost rounded prom-
inence which does not reach the proximal margin. It is on the three succeeding
plates that the median protuberance reaches its full development; it is thin, sharp,
and extends over the whole length of the plate. On the fifth plate it is less
developed, lower, narrower, and does not always^ reach the proximal margin of
the plate. Finally, the sixth plate sometimes shows, in the middle of its distal
side, a small conical tubercle. The succeeding plates rapidly become narrower
and are longer than wide, and at the same time their proximal angle becomes
sharper; they are separated from the ninth or tenth upward.

The upper brachial plates, the form of which has not been indicated by Lyman,
are rectangular, and first they are wider than long with a narrow proximal side,
a wide and convex distal side, and diverging lateral sides; they afterwards become
as long as wide and finally longer than wide.

0. devoid had not yet been met with except in the southern regions of the
Indian Ocean, and a single specimen only was known; the discovery of that species
in the Atlantic is, consequently, very interesting.

OPHIOGLYPHA FALCIFERA Lyman.

See for bibliography:

Ophioglyphafalcifera LYMAN (82), p. 42.

Albatross station 2659. May 3, 1886. Lat. 28° 32' N.; long. 78° 42' W.;
509 fathoms; br. for.; temp. 45.2° F. One little specimen.

OPHIOGLYPHA FASCICULATA Lyman.

Ophioglypha fasciculate LYMAN (83), p. 237, pi. 3, figs. 22-24.
Ophioglypha fasciculata H. L. CLARK (08), p. 296.

Albatross station 2358. Jan. 1, 1885. Lat. 20° 19' N.; long. 87° 03' 30" W.;
222 fathoms; fne. wh. co. One specimen.

Albatross station 2666. May 5, 1886. Lat. 30° 47' 30" N.; long. 79° 49' W.;
270 fathoms; gy. s.; temp. 48.3° F. Three specimens.

In the specimen from station 2358 the diameter reaches 14 mm.; the others
are smaller, their diameters varying between 7 and 10 mm.

I think I can refer these ophiurans to 0, fasciculata, for they entirely conform
to Lyman's description excepting as regards the number of brachial spines;
instead of four, as stated by Lyman, I observe but three, the upper one being remote
from the other two which form a small group located near the ventral edge of the
arm. The length of these spines reaches two-thirds of the article. Undoubtedly,
the spine which ought to be placed in the interspace is lacking, and this is not due
to the age of the individuals since the disks of my specimens have diameters rang-
ing from 7 to 14 mm., while the diameter was 13 mm. in Lyman's type. This
difference would evidently not justify a specific separation.

Lyman says, as pointed out by H. L. Clark (08, p. 296), that the lateral brachial
plates are not in contact either on the upper or on the under face, but in his drawings
these plates are represented as being in contact beyond the sixth under brachial
plate. I observe on my own specimens that the under plates are in contact for a
length which varies, according to the size, from the seventh to the fifteenth article.

Lyman's type was caught by the Blake in the waters about Barbados, in a
depth of 288 fathoms.

18 BULLETIN 84, UNITED STATES NATIONAL MUSEUM.

OPHIOGLYPHA INORNATA Lyman.
= Ophioglypha divisa Ltitken and Mortensen.

See for bibliography :

Kcehler (04), p. 40.
Koehler (07), p. 262.

Albatross station 2754. Dec. 5, 1887. Lat. 11° 40' N.; long. 58° 35' W.;
880 fathoms; glob, oz.; temp. 38° F. Three specimens. The diameter of the
disk ranges between 10.5 and 9.5 mm.

I refer to the above-mentioned papers for the variations of 0. inornata.

In the three examples from the Albatross, the upper plates of the disk rather
suggest, by their arrangement and the shape of the radial shields, 0. abyssorum,
with which one of the specimens from the Siboga also offered some likeness, but
the other characters do really correspond with those of 0. inornata. On the two
larger specimens the mouth shields are separated into two halves by a furrow
extending over their whole length, as Lyman figured it (82, pi. 3, fig. 10) ; sometimes,
even, the furrow is bifurcated so that the mouth shield is divided into three pieces,
but the under plate which comes after it is never divided. On the third speci-
men, which is somewhat smaller, the mouth shields are entire. In none of these
specimens are the upper brachial plates fragmented.

OPHIOGLYPHA IRRORATA Lyman.

Plate 1, figs. 3Hl.

See, among other papers, for the bibliography:

Ophwglypha irrorata LYMAN (82), p. 47.

Ophioglypha orbiculata LYMAN (82), p. 48.

Ophioglypha irrorata LYMAN (83), p. 243.

Ophioglypha grandis VEHRILL (94), p. 293.

Ophioglypha irrorata KCEHLER (96), p. 19.

Ophioglypha involuta KCEHLER (97), p. 295.

Ophwglypha orbiculata KCEHLER (97), p. 302.

Ophioglypha orbiculata KCEHLER (99), p. 21.

Ophwglypha tumulosa LUTKEN and MORTENSEN (99), p. 121.

Ophwglypha tumulosa LUDWIG (05a), p. 397.

Ophwglypha tumulosa KCEHLER (07), p. 296.

Ophioglypha mundata KCEHLER (07o), p. 257.

Ophioglypha mundata KCEHLER (09), p. 153.

Ophioglypha irrorata H. L. CLARK (11), p. 62.

Albatross station 2358. Jan. 29, 1885. Lat. 20° 19' N.; long. 87° 03' 30" W.;
222 fathoms; fne. wh. co. One specimen.

Albatross station 2573. Sept. 2, 1885. Lat. 40° 34' 18" N.; long. 66° 09' W.;
1,742 fathoms; gy. m. s.; temp. 37.3° F. Nine specimens.

For the reasons which I give below, one must consider as being synonymous
0. irrorata, 0. orbiculata Lyman, grandis Verrill, involuta Kcehler, tumulosa Liitken
and Mortensen, and mundata Kcehler. The specimens which I mention above
come from the same set as those which were used by Verrill to introduce 0. grandis
and they correspond exactly with the description given by him.

OPHIURANS OF UNITED STATES NATIONAL MUSEUM. 19

The specimens gathered by the Albatross at station 2573 are all very large, the
diameter of the disks varying from 20 to 27 mm. None of them is perfectly well
preserved and most of the arms are broken more or less close to their bases. I observe
in every one of them a radial comb formed by small rectangular papillae which become
smaller as they pass over to the under side; Verrill seems to consider this comb as
only occasional.

I am glad to have been able to study these examples and to compare their charac-
ters with those of the other very closely allied forms which were described under
the various names mentioned. It was H. L. Clark who, in his most interesting
paper on the Ophiurans from the Northern Pacific (11, p. 62), suggested that 0.
irrorata Lyman, orbiculata Lyman, grandis Verrill, involute, Koehler, and tumulosa
Lutken and Mortensen, ought to be united in one species to which the name of
0. irrorata should be applied. The clever American naturalist upheld his opinion
by very convincing arguments which have completely satisfied me, the more so as
I myself had already had an opportunity to point out the close affinities existing
between 0. orbiculata, irrorata, and involuta, when I studied the Ophiurans from
the Investigator (97, pp. 295 and 302). Moreover, I suggest the idea of adding to
the synonyms indicated by Clark, 0. mundata, a species introduced by me in 1907
for an Ophioglypha which I had referred at first to 0. irrorata, as I mentioned
recently (09, p. 153). As a basis of distinction between this former species and
0. irrorata, I had first noted the thickness of the disk, the shape of the mouth
shields, and the absence of spines, indicated by Lyman on the upper face of the
disk in the latter; these differences are of no more importance than those referred
to in order to separate from 0. irrorata the various species mentioned above by
H. L. Clark. Moreover, 0. mundata differs but slightly from 0. grandis Verrill, and
certainly, had this writer given a drawing of the latter, I should without any hesi-
tation have referred to this species the specimens from the TravaiUeur and the Talis-
man as well as those from the Princesse Alice which I denominated 0. mundata;
but one knows how difficult it is to identify the species described by Verrill. Liitken
and Mortensen also related their 0. tumulosa to 0. grandis and pointed out that,
the latter not having been figured, it became very difficult to establish the connec-
tion between the two species.

If thus understood, 0. irrorata has a very wide geographical distribution, which
might be compared with that of OpMomusium lymani, as H. L. Clark points out,
but the former shows a much more conspicuous polymorphism than the latter.
There is no doubt that the differences which have been noticed do not proceed
exclusively from the sizes of specimens from the different known localities; after
our Ophioglypha has been found at a greater number of stations, it will perhaps
be useful to keep, for variety's sake, some of the names under which it is known
in zoological nomenclature.

In one of the examples gathered by the Albatross, which I have illustrated
in plate 1, figs. 3 and 4, one of the arms has been broken near its base and includes
a restored part which offers certain peculiarities. As seen from the upper face
(fig. 4), this arm first shows three normal articles after which come the regenerated
articles, the first nine of which display anomalies as to the shape and arrangement
of the brachial plates which remind one of those described by me in Ophionotus

20 BULLETIN 84, UNITED STATES NATIONAL MUSEUM.

victorise (12, p. 118). The dorsal plates, instead of having their usual regularly
trapezoidal shape with a wider and convex distal edge, are irregular, much wider
than long and most of them are divided into two almost equal parts by a longi-
tudinal furrow located close to the median line. The ventral plates are not so
irregular. The first seven keep nearly their normal shape; the eighth one, which
is large, is irregularly divided in its distal region; the ninth and tenth plates,
smaller than usual, are divided into two by an oblique furrow, and lastly the fol-
lowing plates are scarcely modified. The first two lateral plates on one side carry
no spines and the following plate has but two spines; on the other side, the first
plate is deprived of spines, the second one has three. Then the succeeding plates
on each side generally carry four spines each, the dorsal spine being separated from
the other three, and this abnormal arrangement of the spines is continued not only
on that part which has abnormal upper and under plates, but also on about ten articles
beyond that part. On the other arms of the same example, which never met with
an accident, the brachial spines most regularly amount to three, the upper spine
being separated from the other two. Verrill, moreover, has pointed out the fact
that in 0. grandis the lower group of spines sometimes included three.

OPHIOGLYPHA LEPIDA Lyman.
Plate 3, fig. 2.

Ophioglypha lepida LYMAN (78), p. 70, pi. 3, figs. 71-73.
Ophioglypha lepida LYMAN (82), p. 43, pi. 4, figs. 1-3.
Ophioglypha lepida LYMAN (83), p. 241.
Ophioglypha lepida VERRILL (85), p. 543.
Ophioglypha lepida KCEHLER (07), p. 294.

Albatross station 2106. Nov. 6, 1883. Lat. 37° 41' 20" N.; long. 73° 03'
20" W.; 1,497 fathoms; glob, oz.; temp. 42.5° F. Twenty-nine specimens.

The specimens are generally of large size; in the smallest one, the diameter
of the disk reaches almost 10 mm. and in several others it comes up to 14 or 15
mm. They conform to Lyman's description, excepting with regard to the number
of the brachial spines. In fact, I only find as an exception the four spines indi-
cated by him; generally there are but three, two lower ones which form a small
group and an upper one which is larger. Verrill also seems to have observed but
three spines, for he says: "There is a single larger upper spine rather widely sep-
arated from the two lower and much smaller ones, etc."1 I have never met with
the very small spines which are scattered on the upper face of the disk in a var.
spinulosa introduced by Verrill (85, p. 543).

0. lepida is extremely near 0. ljungmani, and it would be even more so than
Lyman thought if the usual number of its spines were three. I beg to state that
in the descriptions given by Lyman of each of these two species there is a contra-
diction regarding the characters of the radial shields, which is likely to produce
confusion. For we read, regarding 0. lepida, in the very short diagnosis (82, p.
43) which goes before the detailed description: "radial shields touching without,"
and in the description itself which comes after 2 " Radial shields separated on their

1 Report of the Commissioner of Fish and Fisheries for 1883, 1885, p. 543.
* The voyage of the Challenger, Zoology, vol. 5, p. 44, 6th line.

OPHIURANS OF UNITED STATES NATIONAL MUSEUM. 21

entire length by a wedge of smaller and larger scales." The same contradiction
is found, besides, in Lyman's preliminary work (78, p. 70). I consider Lyman's
description correct and it is in accordance with the figures he published in 1878 and
1882, and the diagnosis must be corrected in the direction I have just indicated.

As a rule, the two radial shields of each pair are in. contact through their distal
angle in 0. ljungmani; however, it happens sometimes that these shields are some-
what separated from one another distally, but they are always more closely put
together than in 0. lepida, where they remain widely distant from one another.
As regards the plates of the upper face of the disk, the drawing published by Lyman
in 1878 (78, pi. 3, fig. 72) seems to me to be more correct than that of the Reports
of the Challenger (82, pi. 4, fig. 3). I may add that 0. lepida possesses a supple-
mentary radial comb similar to that of 0. ljungmani, to which I shall refer when
studying the latter species.

In short, 0. lepida and 0. ljungmani are extremely cognate, but the former
species is, nevertheless, easily distinguished by its larger size, by the upper plates
of the disk being much smaller, almost uniform and finer, by the radial shields
being widely separated, and by the upper brachial spine being rather short. These
characters are never found in 0. ljungmani.

The Challenger encountered 0. lepida at various stations between 38° and
40° N., and 27° and 72° W., in depths ranging from 750 to 1,350 fathoms, and
also at 8° S. and 14° W. (420 fathoms). The Blake met with it in the West Indies,
and also at several more northern localities (41° N., 65° W.; 39° N., 70° W., etc.),
in depths ranging from 608 to 1,242 fathoms.

OPHIOGLYPHA LJUNGMANI Lyman.

See for bibliography :

Ophioglypha ljungmani K<EHLER (06), p. 263.
Ophioglypha ljungmani KXEHLER (09), p. 152.
Ophioglypha thouleti KCEHLER (00), p. 158.

Albatross station 2102. Nov. 5, 1883. Lat. 38° 44' N.; long. 72° 38' W.;
1,209 fathoms; glob, oz.; temp. 39° F. Four specimens.

Albatross station 2358. Jan. 29, 1885. Lat. 20° 19' N.; long. 87° 03' 30" W.;
222 fathoms; fne. wh. co. One specimen.

Albatross station 2639. Apr. 9, 1886. Lat. 25° 46' 30" N.; long. 80° 02' W.;
56 fathoms; co. s. One specimen.

Albatross station 2642. Apr. 9, 1886. Lat. 30° 47' 30" N.; long. 79° 49' W.;
270 fathoms; gy. s.; temp. 42.6° F. One specimen.

Albatross station 2644. Apr. 9, 1886. Lat. 25° 40' N.; long. 80° 00' W.;
193 fathoms; gy. s.; temp. 43.4° F. Five specimens.

Albatross station 2645. Apr. 9, 1886. Lat. 25° 46' 30" N.; long. 80° 02' W.;
157 fathoms; gn. s.; temp. 43.4° F. Some specimens.

Albatross station 2666. May 5, 1886. Lat. 30° 47' 30" N.; long. 79° 49' W.;
270 fathoms; gy. s.; temp. 48.3° F. Seven specimens.

Albatross station 2667. May 5, 1886. Lat. 30° 53' N.; long. 79° 42' 30" W.;
273 fathoms; gy. s. bk. sp.; temp. 48.7° F. Five specimens.

Albatross station 2668. May 5, 1886. Lat. 30° 58' 30" N.; long. 79° 38'
30" W.; 294 fathoms; gy. s. dd. co.; temp. 46.3° F. One specimen.

22 BULLETIN 84, UNITED STATES NATIONAL MUSEUM.

Albatross station 2754. Dec. 5, 1887. Lat. 11° 40' N.; long. 58° 33' W.;
880 fathoms; glob, oz.; temp. 38° F. Many specimens.

Albatross station 2763. Dec. 30, 1887. Lat. 24° 17' S.; long. 42° 48' 30" W.;
671 fathoms; br. glob, oz.; temp. 37.9° F.

Grampus station 5118. Mar. 23, 1889. Lat. 26° 30' N.; long. 83° 55' W.;
59 fathoms; hrd. One specimen.

Fish Hawk station 7283. Feb. 19, 1902. Lat. 24° 17' 30" N.; long. 81° 53'
30" W.; 127 fathoms; s. gr.; temp. 53° F. One specimen.

Fish Hawk station 7296. Feb. 26, 1902. Lat. 24° 21' 45" N.; long. 81° 47'
45" W.; 122 fathoms; co.; temp. 54° F. One specimen.

Fish Hawk station 7514. Mar. 25, 1902. Six miles east of Fowey Rocks
Light; 200 fathoms; gy. m.; temp. 48° F. Six specimens.

Fish Hawk station 7512. Mar. 25, 1903. 3% miles southeast by east of Fowey
Rocks Light; 170 fathoms; sft.; temp. 51° F. Four specimens.

It will be seen from the above table of localities of 0. ljungmani that the species
occurs in depths ranging from 56 to 1,209 fathoms. According to H. L. Clark
(01, p. 243), 0. ljungmani has been found at Porto Rico in depths of 20 to 45
fathoms only. It is not so in the Eastern region of the Atlantic, where 0. ljungmani
has not yet been met with except in very deep waters, about 850-1,100 fathoms.

After studying the very rich series of 0. ljungmani which has been intrusted
to me by the National Museum, I have made sure that 0. thouleti, which I had intro-
duced in 1896, after a single specimen, and which I had later found fairly abundant
in the Echinoderms gathered by the TravaiUeur and the Talisman, as well as
by the Princesse Alice, can not be separated from 0. ljungmani. The specimens
which I formerly referred, and correctly, to this latter species, had always been fairly
numerous and of rather small size; they almost always had small spines on the
upper face of their disk, but owing to my resolution not to dry them, I was unable
to recognize the supplemental radial comb which I thought was a character of
0. thouleti. Consequently I had been inclined to refer to the latter species the
larger specimens in which I easily observed the supplementary radial comb, and
which happened not to possess any spines on the upper face of the disk.

In fact, 0. ljungmani always possesses within the chief radial comb, a series
of very fine papillae which advance to near the middle of the third upper brachial
plate, and I do not see, after all, either in the arrangement of the plates of the disk
or of the arms, or in the shape of the mouth shields, any character permitting a
specific separation between 0. ljungmani and 0. thouleti. Consequently the latter
can not be considered except as a synonym of the former.

OPHIOGI.YPHA LYMANI Ljungman.

See for bibliography:

Ludwig (99), p. 5.

Ludwig (05), p. 73.

Koehler (07), p. 295, pi. 10, figs. 11-12.

Albatross station 2770. Jan. 17, 1888. Lat. 48° 37' S.; long. 65° 46' W.;
58 fathoms; gy. s. bk. sp. Three specimens.

Albatross station 2771. Jan. 17, 1888. Lat. 51° 34' S. long. 68° 00' W.;

50.5 fathoms; gy. s. bk. sp.; temp. 49.4° F. Many specimens.

OPHIURANS OF UNITED STATES NATIONAL MUSEUM. 23

Albatross station 2779. Jan. 23, 1888. Lat. 53° 06' S.; long. 70° 40' 30" W.;
77.5 fathoms; gn. oz.; temp. 46.9° F. Two specimens.

Albatross station 2780. Feb. 2, 1888. Lat. 53° 01' S.; long. 73° 42' 30" W.;
369 fathoms; gn. m.; temp. 46.9° F. Six specimens.

Albatross station 2783. Feb. 6, 1888. Lat. 51° 02' 30" S.; long. 74° 08' 30"
W.; 122 fathoms; bu. m.; temp. 47.9° F. Many specimens.

Albatross station 2784. Feb. 8, 1888. Lat. 48° 41' S.; long. 74° 24' W.; 194
fathoms; bu. m.; temp. 51.9° F. Many specimens.

OPHIOGLYPHA ROBUSTA (Ayres).

See for bibliography :
Kcehler (09), p. 154.

Albatross station 2055. Aug. 30, 1883. Lat. 42° 32' N.; long. 68° 17' W.;
99.5 fathoms; bu. m., s., and crs. g. One little specimen.

OPHIOGLYPHA SARSII (Liitken).

Plate 1, figs. 5-6.
See for bibliography:

Grieg (07), p. 15.

Kcehler (09), p. 155.

Sttssbach and Breckner (11), p. 248.

H. L.Clark (11), p. 37.

Albatross station 2020. May 21, 1883. Lat. 37° 37' 50" N.; long. 74° 15'
30" W.; 143 fathoms; bu. m. fne. s. One specimen.

Albatross stations 2582-2583. Sept. 18, 1885. Lat. 39° 50' N.; long. 71°
43' W.; 131-137 fathoms; gn. m. s.; temp. 47.2° F. Numerous specimens.

Albatross station 2668. May 5, 1886. Lat. 30° 58' 30" N.; long. 79° 38'
30" W.; 294 fathoms; gy. s. dd. co.; temp. 46.3° F. One specimen.

Albatross station 3456. Sept. 1, 1891. Lat. 48° 31' 15" N.; long. 124° 43'
15" W; 136 fathoms; gy. s.; temp. 44.2° F. One specimen.

Fish Hawk station 1038. Sept. 21, 1881. Off Marthas Vineyard, Massachusetts;
146 fathoms; s. and sh.; temp. 47° F. Two specimens.

Fish Hawk station 1111. Aug. 22 , 1 882 . Off Marthas Vineyard, Massachusetts ;
124 fathoms; fne. s.; temp. 47° F. Numerous specimens.

East coast of North America. One specimen.

The specimens from stations 2582-2583 were associated in almost equal num-
ber with some Ophiocten hastatum; they are all very small, the diameter of their
disks never exceeding 12-13 mm.; in some of them this diameter ranged between
2 and 4 mm. I reproduce here two of these small specimens (pi. 1, figs. 5-6).
The one from station 3456, the disk of which is 7 mm. in diameter, has short and
conical radial papillae.

The variations of 0. sarsii are well known, and recently several writers, Grieg,
Mortensen, H. L. Clark, and others have written exhaustively about them. The
only variations which I observe in the collection of the National Museum refer to
the upper plates of the disk which may be more or less protruding.
60G1°— Bull. 84—14 3

24 BULLETIN 84, UNITED STATES NATIONAL MUSEUM.

OPHIOGLYPHA SCULPTILIS Lyman.
(= Ophioglypha variabilis Lyman.)

Ophioglypha sculptilis LYMAN (78), p. 84, pi. 4, figs. 115-116.

Ophioglypha variabilis LYMAN (78), p. 85, pi. 3, figs. 70, 78, and 79.

Ophioglypha variabilis LYMAN (78<z), p. 217.

Ophioglypha sculptilis LYMAN (82), p. 59, pi. 6, figs. 16-18.

Ophioglypha variabilis LYMAN (82), p. 60, pi. 6, figs. 10-12.

Ophioglypha variabilis LYMAN (82), p. 242.

Ophioglypha sculptilis KCEHLER (97), p. 301.

Ophioglypha sculptilis KCEHLER (99), p. 20.

Ophioglypha variabilis H. L. CLARK (08), pp. 294 and 296.

Ophioglypha sculptilis H. L. CLAEK (11), p. 77.

Albatross station 2656. May 3, 1886. Lat. 27° 58' 30" N.; long. 78° 24' W.;
572 fathoms; for.; temp. 41.2° F. One specimen.

Albatross station 2664. May 4, 1886. Lat. 29° 41' N.; long. 79° 55' W.; 373
fathoms; co. s. ; temp. 42.7° F. Six specimens.

Albatross station 2678. May 8, 1886. Lat. 32° 40' N.; long. 76° 40' W.; 731
fathoms; It. gy. oz.; temp. 38.7° F. Four specimens.

Albatross station 2761. Dec. 26, 1887. Lat. 15° 39' S.; long. 38° 35' 54" W.;
818 fathoms; pter. oz.; temp. 39° F. About 15 specimens.

In 1911 H. L. Clark suggested uniting 0. sculptilis and 0. variabilis; I quite
agree with this opinion, the more so because as far back as 1897 I pointed out that
the two species were extremely alike and that the only two characters by which
they might be distinguished had but little value. I shall adopt also, as does H. L.
Clark, the name 0. sculptilis. Moreover, Lyman had already reported some varia-
tions in 0. varialilis and I have myself indicated some in 0. sculptilis.

The specimens of the Albatross which I have in hand come from stations which
are rather distant from one another, but which are all in the Atlantic; the speci-
mens hardly vary excepting as regards the brachial spines, the number of which is
seven or eight at the arm bases, and as regards the separation of the radial shields
which is more or less important.

0. sculptilis therefore happens to have a very wide geographical distribution,
since it is known in northern as well as in southern Atlantic, in Japanese seas, in
the Bay of Bengal, and in East Indian waters.

opmoMusraM EBURNEUM Lyman.

Ophiomusium eburneum LYMAN (69), p. 322.

Ophiamusium eburneum LYMAN (71), pi. 2, fig. 13.

Ophiomusium eburneum LJUNGMAN (71), p. 618.

Ophiomusium eburneum LYMAN (78), p. 220.

Ophiomusium eburneum LYMAN (82), p. 99.

Ophiomusium eburneum LYMAN (83), p. 244.

Ophiomusium eburneum VEHRILL (99), p. 12.

Ophiomusium eburneum, var. elegans VERRILL (99), p. 12, pi. 3, fig. 1.

Ophiomusium eburneum KXEHLER (07), p. 297.

Albatross station 2376. Feb. 11, 1885. Lat. 29° 03' 15" N.; long. 88° 16' W.;
324 fathoms; gy. m.; temp. 46.5° F. Four specimens.

Albatross station 2401. Mar. 14, 1885. Lat. 28° 38' N.; long. 85° 52' 30" W.;
142 fathoms; gn. m. brk. sh. One specimen.

OPHIURANS OF UNITED STATES NATIONAL MUSEUM. 25

Fish Hawk station 7512. Mar. 25, 1903. 3$ miles SE. by E. of Fowey Rocks
Light; 170 fathoms; sft.; temp. 51° F. Two specimens.

Fish Hawk station 7513. Mar. 25, 1903. Gulf Stream off Cape Florida, 6J
miles E. S. E. £ E. of Fowey Rocks Light; 200 fathoms; gy. m.; temp. 46° F.
One specimen.

The largest specimens are those from station 2376 in which the diameter of
the disk ranges between 15 and 17.5 mm.; the arms, in the largest specimen, reach
52 mm. In the others, the diameter of the disk ranges from 9 to 1 1 mm.

In these examples, I find variations which are analogous to those formerly
indicated by Lyman and Verrill, some of the specimens recalling in certain of
their characters, Lyman's description, while the others are more in accordance with
Verrill's; in all of them, the spines invariably number two. Verrill thought that the
differences observed by him in the specimens gathered by the "Bahama Expedition"
were due to the size of the specimens, the diameter of the disk in Lyman's type
being 9 mm., while in Verrill's material, this diameter reached 12 mm. But,
according to what I have observed, those differences are due not alone to size.
Lyman, moreover, reported in 1883 certain variations in the specimens from the
Blake, and, besides other things, he noted that the brachial spines might amount
to three; the diameter of the disk in the largest specimen which he had observed
was 15 mm.

The specimens from station 7512 are chiefly in accordance with Lyman's descrip-
tion. The upper brachial plates show, from the base of the arms, the shape of loz-
enges and remain very small; the radial shields are large, triangular, widely sepa-
rated; but the mouth shields are longer than indicated by Lyman and their shape
is the same as that figured by Verrill.

The specimen from station 2401, although being very near the foregoing ones
as far as the size is concerned, differs from them in various respects. The whole
body is covered with a yellowish tegument which more or less completely hides
the underlying plates. The upper face of the disk with its large triangular radial
shields, recalls Lyman's type, but the upper brachial plates are of a different shape.
The first one or two of these plates are very short, rectangular, and much wider
than long; the third one, also rectangular, is almost as wide as long, with a broad
and convex distal side, and a narrower proximal side. The following plates get
more elongated, but up to the tenth or twelfth one, they preserve their proximal
side distinct, and they do not until afterwards become triangular or lozenge-shaped.
The under brachial plates offer nothing particular, but the mouth shields are
shorter than on the preceding samples and they recall the shape drawn by Lyman.
The bracbial spines are extremely short.

The four samples from station 2376 have also their bodies covered with a
fairly thick and opaque tegument which hides the outline of the plates. The
upper face of the disk recalls the arrangements represented by Verrill, with rather
small radial shields which are oval and rather widely separated. The first two
upper brachial plates are very short, wider than long and of little importance. The
third one, quadrangular, is much wider than long; the fourth is trapezoidal, with a
proximal side narrower than the distal side, and it is still a little wider than long.

26 BULLETIN 84, UNITED STATES NATIONAL MUSEUM.

The succeeding plates progressively assume the shape of a triangle, and then of a
lozenge, and they become much smaller. The characters of the under face of the
disk and of the arms rather recall those indicated by Verrill, though with the
mouth shields somewhat shorter; the brachial spines, which always number two,
are identical.

Owing to these variations, I do not think it useful to maintain the variety
elegans established by Verrill, which is based only upon the number of the brachial
spines, which are three in number.

The type of 0. eburneum described by Lyman came from the coast of Florida,
from a depth of 325 fathoms. The Blake found the species in the Gulf of Mexico and
in the Caribbean Sea, in depths ranging from 92 to 400 fathoms. Verrill's speci-
mens came from off Havana, between 110 and 260 fathoms.

OPHIOMUSIUM LYMANI Wyvllle Thomson.

See for bibliography:
Keehler (09), p. 161.

Albatross station 2102. Nov. 5, 1883. Lat. 38° 44' N.; long. 72° 38' W.;
1,209 fathoms; glob, oz.; temp. 39° F. Twenty-three specimens.

Albatross station 2111. Nov. 9, 1883. Lat. 35° 09' 50" N.; long. 74° 57'
40" W.; 938 fathoms; gn. m. Eleven specimens.

Albatross station 2115. Nov. 11, 1883. Lat. 35° 49' 30" N.; long. 74° 34'
45" W.; 843 fathoms; m. fne. s.; temp. 39° F. Fifteen specimens.

Albatross station 2678. May 6, 1886. Lat. 32° 40' N.; long. 76° 40' 30" W.;
731 fathoms; It. gy. oz. ; temp. 38.7° F. Many specimens.

Albatross station 2751. Nov. 28, 1887. Lat. 16° 54' N.; long. 63° 12' W.;
687 fathoms ; bu. glob. oz. ; temp. 40° F. Many specimens.

OPHIOMUSIUM PLANUM Lyman.

See for bibliography:
Kcehler (09), p. 162.

Albatross station 2097. Oct. 1, 1883. Lat. 37° 56' 20" N.; long. 70° 57'
30" W. ; 1,917 fathoms; glob. oz. Eleven specimens.

Albatross station 2098. Oct. 1, 1883. Lat. 37° 40' 30" N.; long. 70° 37'
30" W.; 2,221 fathoms; glob. oz. Two specimens.

The diameter of the disk ranges between 15 and 22 mm., in a specimen from
station 2097 it is only 7 mm.

In the larger specimens, the internal tentacular scale of the first brachial pore
is sometimes divided in two as I have pointed out in some samples gathered by the
Princesse Alice in the Eastern Atlantic (09, p. 162); the brachial spines always
remain little developed and vary somewhat as to their number.

OPHIOMUSIUM RUGOSUM, new species.

Plate 1, figs. 7-8.

Albatross station 2342. January 19, 1885. Lat. 23° 10' 39" N.; long. 82° 20'
21" W.; 201 fathoms; co. Two specimens.
Type.—C&t. No. 16378, U.S.N.M.

OPHIUEANS OF UNITED STATES NATIONAL MUSEUM. 27

The diameter of the disk is 10 and 12.5 mm. respectively; the arms are
incomplete; in the larger specimen they are preserved to a length of 28 mm.

The disk is somewhat thin and its outline is pentagonal. The dorsal face is
slightly convex, the ventral face is plane, and the edges are rounded.

The plates of the upper face of the disk are large, few in number, very regularly
arranged. There is to be seen one centro-dorsal plate, fairly large, pentagonal, out
of which come a first circle of small interradial plates and a second circle of larger
radial plates. After the latter come two other radial plates which separate the
two radial shields of each pair, one of which is elongated, narrow, triangular, with
a truncated distal apex; the other, shorter, is also triangular, but wider than long,
with the proximal apex truncated. In the interradial spaces also, two plates
successively appear: One, pentagonal and wider; the other, quadrangular, nar-
rower, and more elongated. Beside these, two much smaller plates are observed
at the margin of the disk, which are visible also from the ventral face. The radial
shields are large, triangular, and separated on their whole length. All the plates
of the upper face of the disk are uniformly covered with rounded granules of a fairly
large size, but flattened, put close together but not in contact.

The under face of the disk shows in the interradial space and out of the large
mouth shield a single plate, which is large, pentagonal, as wide as long, with
straight sides, and the obtuse distal angle of which reaches the outer margin of the
disk, where the two above-mentioned little plates are also to be seen. The genital
plates are fairly large and narrow, four times longer than wide. All these plates
are covered with granules identical with those of the upper face; these granules,
however, disappear in the proximal region of the genital plates and of the median
interradial plate; and they are lacking on the mouth plates. The genital slits,
which are found between the adoral plates and the mouth shield, are extremely
narrow, short, and scarcely visible.

The mouth shields are fairly large, pentagonal, with an acute proximal angle
and straight sides; they are longer than wide. The adoral plates are fairly large
and two and a half times longer than wide, with parallel margins. The oral plates
are triangular, fairly high. The oral papillae, the outlines of which are very distinct,
amount to five or six on each side. The external papilla, located without the oral
plate, is large, wide, quadrangular, and longer than wide; the other papilla? are very
much lower: the second and third are rectangular, longer than wide, while the
other two or three are smaller. The odd terminal papilla is also very small.

The upper brachial plates are visible only on the smaller specimen, and even
there they are altogether rudimental and scarcely distinct; they extend, however, to
almost the whole length of the arms. On the larger specimen, the first upper plate
alone is preserved, although it remains rudimental, and the following ones have
completely disappeared.

The first brachial under plate is rather small, pentagonal, with an obtuse
proximal angle, and its distal border is slightly convex ; this plate is slightly wider
than long. The second plate is large, triangular, with an acute proximal angle
and a straight distal side; the lateral borders are sometimes bent into two small
sides, united by a very obtuse angle, which gives to the plate a pentagonal shape.

28 BULLETIN 84, UNITED STATES NATIONAL MUSEUM.

This plate is as wide as long or a little longer than wide, and is placed close to the
first one, though not touching it. On each side, and nearer the proximal angle
than the- distal border, is a slightly developed pore covered with a small rounded
scale. The third brachial under plate is very small, triangular, and separated from
the foregoing by an interval which is equal to about half its length; on either side
of that plate is to be seen a very small pore provided with a rudimental scale, but
this pore is generally located on the corresponding lateral brachial plate. Further
on, there are no more brachial ventral plates.

The lateral brachial plates alone take up all the inner faces of the arms. They
are slightly protruding on the sides, and the successive pairs are separated by a
somewhat sinuous furrow, both on the upper and on the under face. Each of them
carries five sharp conical spines which are relatively long enough for an Ophio-
musium.

The granules of the upper face of the disk pass uninterruptedly to the upper
part of the lateral plates as well as to their sides, but these gramiles grow smaller
as they are farther from the basis of the arms and more so on the larger specimen ;
they are completely wanting on the under part of the arms.

Connections and differences. — 0. rugosum is allied chiefly to 0. granulosum,
Lyman and to 0. relictum Koshler. 0. granulosum, which was taken by the
Challenger at a depth of 1,875 fathoms (lat. 34° N.; long. 140°" E.), is remarkable
owing to the very minute granules which cover the disk plates on both faces and
which, instead of being few in number and rounded, are very dense and even grow
into little spines on the margins of the plates, including the mouth shields. The
oral papillae are altogether indistinct; moreover, the shape of the mouth shields
and of the genital plates, as well as the arrangement of the upper plates of the disk,
is different from what is observed on 0. rugosum.

0. relictum, which was dragged up by the Siboga from a depth of 469 meters
(lat. 0° 29' S.; long. 130° E.), offers, through the disposition of the upper plates
of the disk, a very great likeness to 0. rugosum, but these plates have no tubercles
except near the outline of the disk and their margins are thicker, while they are
uniformly granulous in 0. rugosum, the granulations passing even from the upper
face of the disk over to the dorsal and lateral parts of the lateral brachial plates,
at least on a certain length of the arms, which gives to the new species a very different
appearance. The brachial spines are also more developed in 0. rugosum than in
0. relictum.

OPHIOMUSIUM SCULPTUM Verrill.

Plate 1, fig. 9.
Ophiormisium sculptum VERRILL (99), p. 16, pi. 2, fig. 2; pi. 8, fig. 2.

Blake. Two miles east of Havana; 200 fathoms. One specimen.

The species has been described by Verrill after a specimen from Havana which
had been dredged between 110 and 260 fathoms.

In the example which was handed to me, the diameter of the disk is 7.5 mm.,
and the arrangement of the plates of the upper face is not quite in accordance with
VerruTs description and drawings; still, I believe it is one and the same species,

OPHIURANS OF UNITED STATES NATIONAL MUSEUM. 29

and the differences which I noted are due very likely to a difference in the ages
of the specimens, VerrilTs type being larger than the one I have before me, since
its disk reaches 9 mm.

In the specimen from the Blake, the upper plates of the disk are fewer; the
centro-dorsal plate is directly in contact with the five large radial primary
plates, without any intercalary plates lying between them, as stated and figured
by Verrill. The radial shields of each pair are contiguous on a part of their
length and the triangular plate which separates them distally is as long as wide
and may even become a little wider than long. The upper plates of the disk carry
fairly large granules, but these, instead of being irregularly scattered over the
plates, are located chiefly toward their external margin, a disposition existing
especially on the five radial primary plates; these arrangements give to the upper
face of the disk a slightly different appearance from that represented by Verrill.
The characters of the under face of the disk, of the mouth-pieces, and of the arms
being altogether in conformity with those indicated by Verrill, I thought my
specimen should be referred to the same species.

OPHIOMUSIUM SERRATUM Lyman.
Ophiomusium serratum LYMAN (82), p. 85, pi. 2, figs. 1-3; pi. 39, fig. 10.

Albatross station 2345. Jan. 20, 1885. Lat. 23° 10' 40" N.; long. 82° 20' 15"
W.; 184 fathoms; fne. gy. wh. co. One specimen.

OPHIOMUSIUM TESTUDO Ljnnan.

Plate 3, fig. 7.

Ophiomusium testudo LYMAN (75), p. 8, pi. 1, figs. 6-8.
Ophiomusium testudo LYMAN (78), p. 219.
Ophiomusium testudo LYMAN (82), p. 99.
Ophiomusium testudo LYMAN (83), p. 246.
Ophiomusium testudo VERRILL (99), p. 14.
Ophiomusium testudo KCEHLER (07), p. 297.

Albatross station 2342. Jan. 19, 1885. Lat. 23° 10' 39" N.; long. 82° 20'
21" W.; 201 fathoms; co. One specimen.

The specimen is not altogether in conformity with Lyman's description and
drawings; it differs from them chiefly in having the upper plates of the disk more
regularly arranged and fairly equal in size. By these characters, it is closely allied
to two specimens kept at the Jardin des Plantes and collected by the expedi-
tion of the Blake. These specimens, which were given by Agassiz, were certainly
determined by Lyman; the diameter of the disk measures, respectively, 6 and
6.5 mm. ; they are consequently a little larger than Lyman's type, the diameter of the
disk of which was only 5.5 mm.

In the specimen from the Albatross, the diameter of the disk reaches 7 mm.;
the arms are preserved to a length not exceeding 10 mm. The disk is pentagonal,
with rounded angles. The upper face, fairly convex, is covered with few plates,
the size of which is uniform. There is to be seen one large polygonal, centro-
dorsal plate, out of which comes a circle of small radial plates, which, moreover,

30 BULLETIN 84, UNITED STATES NATIONAL MUSEUM.

are irregular; in fact, only three of them are well shaped, the fourth one is rudi-
mental, and the fifth one completely lacking. Outwardly there is another circle of
five larger interradial plates. In each radial space there is a row of three plates; the
first one is large and polygonal, even more developed than the centro-dorsal one;
the two succeeding ones separate the two radial shields of each pair, but the last
one is very small. In each interradial space there is also a row of three plates
succeeding the primary interradial one; the first one is about as large as the said
primary interradial plate, the second one is a little more elongated, the third one, on
the contrary, which is located at the margin of the disk, is transversely widened.
Very small plates are sometimes observed between the first and the second inter-
radial plates which I have just indicated. All the plates of the upper face of the
disk are plainly polygonal with well-shaped angles,, whereas, in Lyman's drawing
they are quite rounded, the centro-dorsal one excepted. The radial shields, which are
larger than the other plates, are triangular, one and a half times longer than wide,
their length being a little inferior to the radius of the disk. They are diverging,
close lying or contiguous distally, but separated on their whole length. The arrange-
ment of the upper plates of the disk which I have just described is repeated exactly
on the two specimens at the Jardin des Plantes.

The under face of the disk offers, out of the large mouth shield, but one large
median plate with a wide proximal side, a fairly opened distal angle and two convex
lateral sides ; it is a little longer than wide. This shape is very different from that
in Lyman's drawing, which shows it to be transversely oval (75, pi. 1, fig. 6). On
one of the specimens of the Jardin des Plantes, this median plate does offer the
shape which I have just described, but on the other one the proximal side is a little
convex, the distal angle is rounded, as well as the lateral sides, so that the outline
of this plate tends to become oval, and it is then just as long as wide ; in one of the
interradial spaces it becomes even slightly wider than long, and it then resembles
Lyman's drawing. Two very small plates, which succeed the large median plate and
are placed on the margin of the disk, complete the covering of the under face between
the genital plates. The latter are very large, elongated, and wide. The genital
slits are very small, scarcely distinguishable, and they only appear on a part of the
distal side of the adoral plates.

All the upper and under plates of the disk bear rounded granules which are
conspicuous and widely separated.

The upper brachial plates are relatively well developed on the specimen from
the Albatross, and they are larger on Lyman's type and also on the two specimens
from the Jardin des Plantes, which, in this respect possess the arrangements de-
scribed by Lyman. These plates extend the whole length of the arm; the first
two, especially, are large, but their size rapidly decreases.

The brachial spines are generally two in number; and yet I some tunes find
three, not at the base of the arms but about the middle, and these are found both
on the specimen from the Albatross and on the two specimens of the Paris Museum.

The type of 0. testudo was found by the Hassler at Barbados at a depth of 100
fathoms; the species was found again by the Blake at several stations in the West
Indies between 73 and 508 fathoms.

OPHIURANS OF UNITED STATES NATIONAL MUSEUM. 31

OPHIOMUSIUM VALIDTJM Ljungmau.

Ophiomusium validum LJUNOMAN (71), p. 618.

Ophiomusium validum LYMAN (78), p. 114.

Ophiomusium validum LYMAN (78o), p. 219, pi. 5, fig. 9.

Ophiomusium validum LYMAN (82), p. 92, pi. 1, figs. 1-3; pi. 39, figs. 11-13.

Ophiomusium validum LYMAN (83), p. 246.

Ophiomusium validum KCEHLEK (97), p. 307.

Ophiomusium validum KCEHLEK (99), p. 25.

Ophiomusium validum H. L. CLARK (01), p. 244.

Ophiomusium validum KCEHLER (04), p. 59.

Ophiomusium validum KCEHLER (07), p. 297.

Albatross station 2350. Jan. 20, 1885. Lat. 23°- 10' 39" N.; long. 82° 20'
21" W.; 213 fathoms; co. One specimen.

Albatross station 2636. Apr. 7, 1886. Lat. 23° 10' 45" N.; long. 82° 18'
45" W.; 191 fathoms; dead. co. sh.; temp. 62.6° F. One specimen.

Albatross, 1886. Off Havana; no depth mentioned. One specimen.

The diameter of the disk ranges between 9 and 13 mm.

In the drawings of 0. validum published by Lyman, the two radial shields
of each pair are represented as being in contact on almost half their length, but
in the descriptions given by the same writer, it is not definitely stated whether
the radial shields are contiguous or separated; Lyman simply writes that "they
are strongly diverging inward and separated by a triangular scale." Lyrnan
made his description after a specimen, the disk of which was 8.5 mm. in diameter.
Now, in the three specimens in hand, the radial shields are separated on their
whole length by several successive plates, and in the largest specimen (off Havana),
the two internal or radial sides of the shields of each pair are parallel and the
interval which separates them is just as wide as the interradial space. In the other
two examples, the radial shields are lying closer distally, even more so in the sample
from station 2350, and they are slightly diverging. The arrangement of the radial
shields may therefore vary as the age increases. In Ljungman's type, the disk
of which was 12 mm. in diameter, the radial shields were "sejuncta intus paullum
divergentia." * The other characters of my specimens are quite in accordance with
Lyman's description and there can be no doubt as to their determination. Besides,
I have already had the opportunity of pointing out a few variations in the arrange-
ment of the plates of the upper face of the disk in some specimens from the Indian
Ocean (97, p. 307; 99, p. 25; 04, p. 59), and H. L. Clark also made similar remarks
regarding the examples which came from Porto Rico (01, p. 244).

0. validum has been found in a great many localities in the Caribbean Sea,
between 60 and 1,518 fathoms. The Investigator met with it north of the Laccadive
Islands (931 fathoms), and the Siboga in Moluccan waters (230-600 fathoms).

OPHIOMUSIUM ARMIGERUM Lyman.

Plate 3, fig. 1.

Ophiomusium armigerum LYMAN (78), p. 109, pi. 1, figs. 21-22.
Ophiomusium armigerum LYMAN (82), p. 86, pi. 2, figs. 7-9.

Albatross station 2754. Dec. 5, 1887. Lat. 11° 40' N.; long. 58° 33' W.;
880 fathoms; glob, oz.; temp. 38° F. One specimen.

1 Ofv. K. Vet. Akad. Forh., vol. 28, p. 618.

32 BULLETIN 84, UNITED STATES NATIONAL MUSEUM.

Fish Hawk station 7281. Feb. 14, 1901. Lat. 24° 13' 45" N.; long. 81° 58'
15" W.; 304 fathoms; s.; temp. 52° F. One specimen.

The diameter of the disk varies between 5.5 and 8 mm.

In the type described by Lyman, the diameter of the disk was 11 mm. wide.
I observe between this type and the two specimens I have in hand, differences of the
same kind as those which I have indicated above in 0. validum, but exactly reversed.
The upper plates of the disk are fewer and larger, and the two radial shields of each
pair, instead of being parallel as represented by Lyman, are slightly diverging and
distally contiguous. The primary plates are, besides, distinct.

OPHIOMISIDIUM, new genus.

This genus is closely allied to the genus Ophiomusium and up to now includes
only species of very small size. The plates of the upper face of the disk are few
and regularly arranged; the interradial spaces of the under face are extremely
reduced owing to the more or less considerable widening of the first lateral brachial
plates, chiefly of the first two; thanks to that widening, the arms, which, by the
way, are very short, are broadly united to the disk and their width very rapidly
decreases so that they offer, on the whole, a triangular shape. The first two
widened lateral brachial plates carry some well-developed spines which are broad
and flattened. Moreover, the first under brachial plate, instead of being rudimental
as is normally the case in the genus Ophiomusium, offers exactly the same shape
as the two following ones, and even exceeds them in size; it displays on each
side a tentacular pore provided with a scale located exactly as on the succeeding
plates. According to the widening of the first lateral brachial plate being more or
less important, the interradial spaces of the under face are more or less reduced
and they may even be completely lacking; in the latter case the genital slits also are
lacking while they do exist whenever the first lateral plate is less developed.

The genus Ophiomisidium, thus defined, includes three species, two of which
are already known and had been classified by Lyman in the genus Ophiomusium,
namely 0. flabellum and 0. pulchellum; the third one, which is described below
under the name of 0. speciosum, is new.

Certain peculiarities in the structure of 0. flabellum. and 0. pulchellum had
already been indicated by Lyman, when describing these two species which had
been gathered by the Challenger. In 1893, in his paper on the Ophiopus arcticus,
Mortensen formally stated that these two species, being deprived of genital slits,
had erroneously been referred to the genus Ophiomusium and that they ought to
constitute a separate genus (93, p. 525); this naturalist backed his statement
also on the peculiar shape of the first under brachial plate and the widening of
the first lateral brachial plates. I therefore am simply naming the genus which
the learned Danish naturalist proved should be introduced, and yet the genus I am
proposing does not absolutely correspond to that which Mortensen conceived. In
fact, as stated above, I consider the genus Ophiomisidium to be characterized
essentially by the shape of the first under brachial plate and by the widening
of the first lateral brachial plates, and I introduce only incidentally in the
diagnosis the presence or absence of genital slits. Lyman had asserted that
the genital slits were lacking in 0. flabellum and 0. pulchellum, and Mortensen

OPHIURANS OF UNITED STATES NATIONAL MUSEUM. 33

admitted that peculiarity which, alone, would be sufficient to justify a generic
separation. Now, I have been able to see such slits existing not only on a speci-
men of 0. pulchellum gathered by the Albatross (station 2625), but also in the new
species to which I allude above, 0. spetiosum; these slits are exceedingly small,
short, and narrow, but easily discernible, and there can be no doubt as to their
presence. The question now is whether the absence of genital slits in 0. flabellum
and their presence in the other two species prevent one from placing all three in
the same genus; I do not think so, as all the other characters of their structure
which I have observed are in conformity.

It is beyond dispute that, owing to the considerable widening of the first
lateral brachial plate which, with its congener, covers the whole interradial under
space in 0. flabellum, there remains no vacant space for the genital slits. But
O.fldbellum is a very small species in which the diameter of the disk does not exceed
3.3 mm., and the arms also are only 3.3 mm. long; the question may be asked
whether Lyman's type is not a young specimen, in which case one might imagine
that the intercalation of new plates would, as the animal grows older, allow genital
slits to be formed. Whichever be the case, it seems to me that the peculiarities
displayed in our three Ophiurans by the ventral and lateral brachial plates are
amply sufficient to make the introduction of a new genus necessary, and I also
think that the three species which I propose to classify in this genus are too
closely allied for one of them to be separated from the other two, at least not until
the discovery of new specimens has enabled us, by an anatomical study of these
forms, to get some information concerning the state of the genital organs, chiefly
in 0. flabellum.

It will perhaps not be useless to recall, in this connection, that in 1904 I intro-
duced a new genus of Ophiurans which also shows a considerable development
of the first lateral brachial plate, and to which I gave the name Ophiomidas (04,
p. 26). I placed in this genus two new Ophiurans gathered by the Siboga (0. alatum
and 0. reductum), as well as a third species described in 1878 by Lyman and pro-
visionally classified by him, with other species, in the genus Ophiozona under the
name of 0. dubia (78, p. 224). It happens that in 0. alatum and 0. dubium the
disk is very small, its diameter not exceeding 3.5 mm., and the first lateral brachial
plate is remarkably widened; in 0. dubium it even covers on each side half the
interradial under space and it joins its congener on the interradial median line;
Lyman did not see in that species, nor have I seen in 0. alatum, any genital slits.
On the contrary, in 0. reductum, which is larger and in which the diameter of the
disk reaches from 6 to 7 mm., the genital slits are visible and extend up to the
edge of the disk; and yet they are partly hidden by the first lateral brachial plate,
which is much less widened than in the other two species.

One of the two chief characters on which the genus OpMomisidium is based, is
the very peculiar structure of the first under brachial plate. Instead of being
rudimental and compressed on both sides between the adoral plates, and being
thus different from the succeeding plates, which are from two to four in number,
and are large and provided on each side with a large tentacular pore, such as is
most constantly observed in all the known species of the genus OpMomusium, that
first ventral plate here takes on a great development, for its size is somewhat superior

34 BULLETIN 84, UNITED STATES NATIONAL MUSEUM.

to that of the second plate and it immediately acquires such characters as are dis-
played only on that second plate in the same genus. It shows on each side a large
pore provided with a scale, and as this pore corresponds to an ambulacral tube,
the result is certainly an important modification in the aquiferous system, such as
Mortensen had already pointed out. It is obvious that this structure can not be
modified by age, and even if it were proved that the genus OpTiiomisidium includes
only young forms, it would nevertheless constitute a generic character of the utmost
value.

The second character of the genus Ophiomisidium, that is to say, the widening
of the first lateral brachial plates, shows to a variable degree in the three species
of that genus which are actually known. It is especially conspicuous in O.fldbellum,
where the first lateral plate is considerably widened and completely covers the inter-
radial under space while at the same time it leans on the median line against the
front one and takes the place of the corresponding genital plate; the mouth shield
is thus pushed back toward the mouth and remains rudimental. In 0. pulchellum,
the first lateral brachial plate, though very large, does not extend so much over the
interradial space, but the latter nevertheless remains very narrow and is bounded
chiefly on each side by the genital plate. Lastly, in 0. spedosum, which I describe
below, the first lateral plate is less widened, and on the whole length of the inter-
radial space, from the end of the mouth shield to the margin of the disk, there is a
large median plate which separates the genital plates throughout their whole length.
In the last two species, the bursse find, at the lower face of the disk, a sufficient
space to make their opening outwardly, which does not seem to be the case in
O.fldbellum.

Type of the genus. — OpTiiomisidium spedosum, new species.

OPHIOMISIDIUM SPECIOSUM, new species.
Plate 3, figs. 3-4.

Albatross station 2415. Apr. 1, 1885. Lat. 30° 44' N.; long. 79° 26' W.; 440
fathoms; co. crs. s. sh. for.; temp. 45.6° F. Two specimens.

Albatross station 2761 (type-locality). Dec. 26, 1887. Lat. 15° 39' N.; long.
38° 32' 54" W.; 818 fathoms; pter. oz.; temp. 39° F. Four specimens.

Type.—C&t. No. 32291, U.S.N.M.

In the largest specimen from station 2761 the disk is 5 mm. in diameter, the
arms are also 5 mm. long; the other specimens are somewhat smaller, and the disk
ranges from 3.5 to 4.5 mm. in diameter. The two specimens from station 2415 are
very small, the diameter of the disk ranging between 2 and 2.5 mm.

The disk is rounded, thinner at the edges, and is continued, without any well-
defined line of demarcation, by the arms; the upper face is very strongly convex,
while the under face is plane.

The arrangement of the plates of the upper face of the disk is the same as in
0. pulcheTlum Lyman. The central region is occupied by six large primary plates,
all being about the same size; the centro-dorsal plate is pentagonal, and the radial
plates have a more or less hexagonal outline. Next come, in each interradial space,
two successive plates ; the first is very large, pentagonal, longer than wide with an

OPHIUKANS OF UNITED STATES NATIONAL MUSEUM. 35

obtuse proximal angle, its lateral borders are parallel and its distal side is straight;
the second plate, which is located near the margin, is smaller, transversely widened,
and wider than long. The radial shields are large, longer than wide, polygonal and
sometimes distally rounded; proximally they touch the corresponding primary radial
plate and they are in contact with one another on two-thirds of their length; distally
they are separated by a little triangular plate. All these plates are slightly convex,
but they do not offer the slightest trace of tuberosity or swelling, such as is observed
in 0. pulchettum; their surfaces are covered only with fine granulations, which are
smaller on the plates of the primary rosette and become a little more conspicuous
on the plates of the disk margin, where they are, however, less marked than on
the arms.

The under face of the disk is very much reduced in the intcrradial spaces, owing
to the considerable widening of the first two brachial articles; this reduction is,
however, less marked than in 0. pulchellum. The middle of each of these spaces is
occupied by a large elongated plate succeeding the mouth shield and contiguous to
it along its proximal border; this plate, which is narrow in its proximal part, grows
wider and wider, so that its distal border, strongly convex, is two or two and a half
times wider than the proximal side; the lateral borders are divergent and straight.
The distal side of this median plate extends slightly under the interradial plate
which occupies the margin of the disk on the upper side, and may be seen when
looking at the Ophiuran from the upper side. On each side of the median plate
there is a very large and elongated genital plate. The remnant of the under face is
occupied by a little triangular plate. The genital slits are small and very short,
not exceeding the base of the first lateral brachial plate, but they are, nevertheless,
easily recognized ; they are slightly fusiform.

The mouth shields are distant from the mouth, owing to the width of the oral
and adoral plates, and their middles lie nearer the margin than the center of the
disk. They are rather small, pentagonal, about as long as wide, with a fairly
open proximal angle limited by two straight sides; the two succeeding sides are
about as long as the preceding ones; they join outwardly with a very short and
straight distal border. The adoral plates are fairly large, about twice and a half
longer than wide, with parallel sides. The oral plates also are well developed and
twice longer than wide. The oral papilla? are not distinct and they form a thin,
uninterrupted fringe along the oral plates.

All the plates of the under face of the disk are covered with fine granulations,
which become a little stronger toward the margin and appear still more so on the
brachial plates.

The arms are very broad at their bases, but they always remain quite distinct
from the disk; they are relatively short and their length is equal to the diameter
of the disk. I count no more than eight brachial articles when looking at the
Ophiuran from its upper face, and nine on the under side. The first upper brachial
plate is very much wider than long, its proximal side being concave, and its distal
side convex; it is in contact with the triangular plate which separates the distal
parts of the radial shields. The following plates, which very soon grow extremely
small, are triangular; with an obtuse proximal angle and a convex distal side; they

36 BULLETIN 84, UNITED STATES NATIONAL MUSEUM.

are at first wider than long, they afterwards become as wide as long. They extend
up to the ends of the arms and are always very widely separated through the lateral
plates. The granules which are to be seen on their surfaces are very fine and much
smaller than on the lateral plates; there is no indication of tubercles such as those
which are known to exist on 0. pulcheUum.

The first under brachial plate is large and sensibly longer than wide. It is nar-
rowed in its proximal half by the corresponding tentacular pores, while it widens
distally; ithas an obtuse proximal angle which is more or less rounded, lateral borders
which are very concave and a distal side which is widened and convex. The following
plates grow rapidly smaller, and they are widely separated by the lateral plates.
The form of the second plate resembles that of the first, but it is narrowed to a
greater extent in its proximal half, while it widens more in its distal region. This
form becomes exaggerated on the succeeding plates, the proximal parts of which
finally disappear altogether, when the plates assume the shape of a triangle with an
obtuse proximal angle and a most convex distal side. These plates, although much
reduced, extend to the ends of the arms.

The lateral plates acquire a very great development chiefly on the under side
where the first two, principally, are considerably widened. The first plate is short
and very wide; the second, almost as wide as the preceding one, is somewhat longer;
the third and the fourth, still narrower, grow longer, and the length rapidly increases
in the following plates, while the width decreases more and more, so that the plates
are finally much longer than wide. The first lateral plate carries two fairly strong
spines, short and flattened, truncated at their ends and with some roughness on
their borders; on the second plate the spines, amounting to three, have the same
shape as the preceding ones, but they are longer and stronger; the third plate bears
two or three spines, and the succeeding plates have only two spines, which rapidly
become very small.

The surface of the first lateral brachial plates is strongly granulous. The
granules, larger than on the other plates, are rounded and widely separated; they
grow finer as they lie nearer the arm ends.

The tentacular pores amount to five pairs on each arm, and they are provided
each with one fairly large, rounded scale.

Connections and differences. — 0. speciosum is closely allied to 0. pulcheUum
(Lyman), from which it differs, however, first in having the upper plates of the disk
and arms completely deprived of these tuberosities which impart to the upper face
of 0. pulcheUum such a characteristic appearance, and also in having the inter-
radial underspaces more widened, owing to a lesser development, in breadth, of the
first brachial articles. The mouth shield is succeeded by a single median plate;
this plate, much elongated and pretty wide, extends from the mouth shield to the
margin of the disk and separates the two genital plates on their whole length,
which is not the case in 0. pulcheUum, which may offer either the arrangement
indicated by Lyman or the one described as 0. pulcheUum from station 2625.

OPHIURANS OF UNITED STATES NATIONAL MUSEUM. 37

OPHIOMISIDIUM PULCHELLUM (Wyville Thomson).

Ophiomusium pulchellum WYVILLE THOMSON, The Voyage of the Challenger, vol. 2, 1877,

p. 67, figs. 18-19.

Ophiomusium pidchellum, LYMAN (78), p. 118, pi. 5, figs. 144-145.
Ophiomusium pulchellum LYMAN (82), p. 96, pi. 3, figs. 1-3.
Ophiomusium pulchellum LUDWIQ (09), p. 2.
Ophiomusium pukhellum KCEHLEB (07), p. 266.

Albatross station 2625. Oct. 21, 1885. Lat. 32° 35' N.; long. 77° 30' W.;
247 fathoms; gy. s. bk. sp. One specimen.

The diameter of the disk is 4 mm. and the length of the arms, when measured
from their insertion on the disk, is 5 mm.

The upper face of the disk offers the plate arrangement so characteristic of
0. pulchellum which has been described and figured by Lyman; but on the under
face of the disk, in the interradial spaces, I observe a slightly different arrangement
from the one indicated by that author. Lyman points out that, following the
mouth shield, the two genital plates are contiguous on a large part of their length,
and they are separated distally only by a median plate which occupies the margin
of the disk. On the specimen from the Albatross the mouth shields have their
proximal angle more obtuse and the distal edge more rounded and convex. Each
of them is followed by a small, short, and rounded median plate which separates
the genital plates along a certain part of their interradial edge. Thanks to the
intercalation of that plate, which Lyman failed to mention, the two genital plates
remain contiguous only on a rather short space, since they are again distally
separated by the odd marginal plate, the only one which Lyman does mention on
the median interradial line. I had already noticed, in the samples gathered by the
Travailleur and the Talisman, that this median plate was more elongated than in
Lyman's type (07 a, p. 266). I may add that, in the individual from the Albatross,
I have been able to identify the genital slits; these are extremely short and carried
back toward the proximal end of the genital plates, but they are nevertheless
plainly recognizable. These slits had not been perceived by Lyman, who thought
they were lacking, and their discovery is all the more interesting owing to the
fact that they also exist in 0, speciosum.

OPHIOCTEN HASTATUM Lyman.

See for bibliography:
Kcehler (09), p. 165.

Albatross station 2415. Apr. 1, 1885. Lat. 30° 44' N.; long. 79° 26' W.;
440 fathoms; co. crs. s. sh. for.; temp. 45.6° F. Two specimens.

Albatross station 2429. June 13, 1885. Lat. 42° 55' 30" N.; long. 50° 51' W.;
471 fathoms; gy. m.; temp. 38.7° F. One small specimen.

Albatross station 2542. July 7, 1885. Lat. 40° 00' 15" K; long. 70° 42'
20" W. ; 129 fathoms; s. brk. sh. ; temp. 47.2° F. Two small specimens.

Albatross stations 2582-83. Sept. 18, 1885. Lat. 39° 50' N.; long. 71° 43' W.;
131-137 fathoms; gn. m. ; temp. 47.2° F. Many specimens mixed with numerous
Ophioglypha sarsii.

The diameter of the disk ranges between 3.5 and 10 mm., but is generally about
6 or 7 mm.

38 BULLETIN 84, UNITED STATES NATIONAL MUSEUM.

Family AMPHIUKID^E.

OPHIOPHOLIS ACULEATA (Ltnnieus).

See for bibliography:

Koehler (00), p. 167.

Grieg (10), p. 4.

H. L. Clark (11), p. 128.

Stissbach und Breckner (11), p. 249.

Albatross station 2027. May 25, 1883. Lat. 39° 58' 25" N.; long. 70° 37' W.;
198 fathoms; bu. m. and s.; temp. 43° F. Three specimens.

Albatross station 2055. Aug. 30, 1883. Lat. 42° 32' N.; long. 68° 17' W.;
99.5 fathoms; bu. m., s., and crs. g. One small specimen.

Albatross station 2063. Aug. 31, 1883. Lat. 42° 23' N.; long. 66° 23' W.;
141 fathoms; s. and crs. g.; temp. 46° F. Ten specimens.

Albatross station 2067. Sept. 1, 1883. Lat. 42° 15' 25" N.; long. 65° 48'
40" W.; 122 fathoms; s. and g.; temp. 46° F. Nine specimens.

Albatross station 2422. June 3, 1885. Lat. 37° 08' 30" N.; long. 74° 33'
30" W.; 85 fathoms; crs. gy. s. bk. sp. brk. sh. Several specimens.

Fish Hawk station 1503. July 22, 1890. Six miles south of Saybrook Light,
Connecticut; 16.66 fathoms; m. sh.; temp. 67° F. Three specimens.

Speedwell station 234. Sept. 24, 1878. Off Gloucester, Massachusetts; 43
fathoms; sft. br. m. Two little specimens.

Grampus station 646. Aug. 2, 1894. Lat. 50° 07' 00" N.; long. 64° 03'
30" W. Four specimens.

Grampus station 5015. Numerous specimens.

Davis Strait, 1879. N. P. Scudder (No. 90). Eighteen specimens.

East coast of North America. Three specimens.

OPHIOSTIGMA ISACANTHUM (Say).

See for bibliography:
Koehler (13), p. 363.

Key West. Eight specimens.

Key Largo. Nine specimens.

No Name Key. One isolated disk.

Banks near Indian Key. One isolated disk.

Fish Hawk station 7293. Feb. 24, 1902. Lat. 24° 42' 30" N.; long. 81° 55'
52" W.; 1\ fathoms; co.; temp. 20° C. One specimen.

Fish Hawk station 7419. Jan. 22, 1903. Five-eighths mile N. J E. of Hog
Key; 7 feet; rky. One specimen.

In most specimens, the diameter of the disk varies between 3 and 5 mm.

I made an elaborate study of 0. isacanfhum in the above-mentioned memoir,
to which I would respectfully refer the reader.

OPHIUEANS OF UNITED STATES NATIONAL MUSEUM. 39

HEMIPHOLIS ELONGATA (Say).

Ophiura elongate SAY, Journ. Acad. Nat. Sci. Phila., vol. 5, 1825, p. 146.

Ophiolepis elongata MULLER and TEOSCHEL (42), p. 95.

Ophiolepis elongata STIMPSON (52), p. 225.

Ophiolepis uncinata AYRES (52), p. 250.

Amphiura elongata LUTKEN (59), p. 115, pi. 3, fig. 1.

Uemipholis cordifera LYMAN (65), p. 137, pi. 1, figs. 1-3.

Hemipholis cordifera LJTJNGMAN (66), p. 322.

Uemipholis cordifera LYMAN (82), p. 158.

Hemipholis elongata IVES (89), p. 177.

Hemipholis cordifera KCEHLER (07), p. 298.

One mile inside May Kiver, South Carolina. One specimen.

St. Augustine, Florida. Some dry specimens.

Trinidad. Two specimens.

Eio Janeiro. Three specimens.

I have designated this species by the name of H. elongata instead of H. cordifera,
under which it is usually known, especially since the publication of Lyman's work,
first because the name elongata had been applied to it by Say in 1825, and again
because the term "cordifera" has produced some confusion, which I think is due
chiefly to Lyman and has never yet been pointed out. In fact, Lyman, who, in
1865, gave an excellent description of the species with which we are dealing, thought
that it was the same as had been called by Bosc, in 1 830, Asterias cordifera. Now, the
latter is an Amphiura of the Amphiodia section, in which the under face of the disk
is provided with scales; Liitken gave that synonymy in 1859, when he published
a good description and some figures of the said Amphiodia which he called AmpJiiura
cordifera (Bosc) in his "Additamenta " (59, p. 115); also in I860,1 when he called it
AmpJiiura riisei. In 1859, in the same volume of the "Additamenta," he pub-
lished also a good description and some drawings of Amphiura elongata, (Say).
The two species described by Liitken were perfectly distinct, and the descriptions,
as well as the figures published by him, were excellent. There would have been, con-
sequently, no difficulty due to synonymy concerning Hemipholis elongata had not
Lyman, in 1865, adopting the generic name of HemipJiolis suggested by Agassiz,
described AmpJiiura elongata under the name of H. cordifera, thus considering this
form to be synonymous with Asterias cordifera Bosc. Later, in 1882, he published
in the Reports of the ChaUenger (82, p. 158) a synonymic list for his Hemipholis
cordifera which contained the same errors. One can hardly account for Lyman's
considering as synonymous two forms so clearly distinct as those which Liitken
had so well described and figured under the names of Amphiura elongata and A.
cordifera.

Consequently, for the Hemipholis distinguished by Say in 1825 the name of
elongata, which he had applied to it, must be kept.

1 Proc. Boston Soc. Nat. Hist., vol. 7, p. 258.
6061°— Bull. 84—14 4

40 BULLETIN 84, UNITED STATES NATIONAL MUSEUM.

There is now a second question of denomination to be discussed, namely, that
referring to the Amphiodia which Liitken successively designated as cordifera
and nisei. I have had in hand Liitken's type with the label in this naturalist's
own handwriting, and this label reads exactly: "Amphipholis. — Amphiura Riisei
Liitken=A cordifera Liitken." It seems therefore that the name of nisei was
preferred by him, and considering also that the name cordifera might lead to con-
fusion, I feel rather inclined to adopt the former, for, in my opinion, the rule of
priority must not be applied with such strictness as to procure inconveniences or
facilitate errors. Besides, I beg to point out that the term cordifera has been
employed only by Ljungman (71, p. 647), who classified this species in the genus
AmpJiipholis, but the very few authors who have written about it since, such as
Ludwig in 1882 and H. L. Clark in 1901, have designated it under the name of
nisei. The same denomination was adopted also by Lyman in 1875 (75, p. 128)
and in 1882 (82, pp. 125 and 146).

OPHIACTIS ASPERULA (Phillppl).

See for bibliography:
Kcehler (08), p. 80.

Albatross station 2768. Jan. 14, 1888. Lat. 42° 24' S.; long. 61° 38' 30" W.;
43 fathoms; dk. s. bk. s. Ten specimens.

Albatross station 2770. Jan. 16, 1888. Lat. 48° 37' S.; long. 65° 46' W.;
58 fathoms; gy. s. bk. sp. Two specimens.

Albatross station 2773. Jan. 17, 1888. Lat. 52° 23' S.; long. 68° 11' W.;
10 fathoms; fne. gy. s. One specimen.

Albatross station 2775. Jan. 18, 1888. Lat. 52° 22' 30" S.; long. 69° 22' W.;
29.5 fathoms; s. st. Five specimens.

Albatross station 2777. Jan. 19, 1888. Lat. 52° 38' S.; long. 70° 10' 30" W.;
19.75 fathoms; g. Three specimens.

Albatross station 2778. Jan. 23, 1888. Lat. 53° 01' S.; long. 70° 42' 15" W.;
61 fathoms; gy. s. bk. sp. ; temp. 49.9° F. Seven specimens.

Albatross station 2779. Jan. 23, 1888. Lat. 53° 06' S.; long. 70° 40' 30" W.;
77.5 fathoms; gn. oz. ; temp. 46.9° F. Two specimens.

Coast of Patagonia. Two dry specimens.

OPHIACTIS DISPAR (Verrill).

Albatross station 2146. Apr. 2, 1884. Lat. 9° 32' N.; long. 79° 54' 30" W.;
34 fathoms; brk. sh. ; Several specimens.

Albatross station 2369 (?). Feb. 7, 1885. Lat, 29° 16' 30" N.; long. 85° 32'
W. ; 26 fathoms; crs. gy. s. brk. sh. Several specimens.

OPHIACTIS DUPLICATA (Lyman).

See for bibliography :
Kcehler (00), p. 171.

Albatross station 2117. Jan. 17, 1884. Lat. 15° 24' 40" N.; long. 63° 31' 30"
W.; 683 fathoms; yl. m. fne. s.; temp. 39.75° F. Two specimens.

OPHIURANS OF UNITED STATES NATIONAL MUSEUM. 41

Albatross station 2750. Nov. 27, 1887. Lat. 18° 30' N.; long. 63° 31' W.;
496 fathoms; fne. gy. s.; temp. 44.5° F. Seven specimens.

The specimens from station 2750 have their first upper brachial plate divided
into two almost equal halves, according to the drawing published by Lyman in 1865
(65, pi. 5, fig. 78). In those of station 2117, this plate is single and its disposition is
imilar to that depicted by Lyman in the Reports of the Challenger (82, pi. 17, fig. 10).

OPHIACTIS MULLERI Lutken.

See for bibliography :
Lyman (82), p. 115.
Kcehler (07), p. 311.

Albatross station 2146. Apr. 2, 1884. Lat. 9° 32' N.; long. 79° 54' 30" W.;
34 fathoms; brk. sh. One specimen.

Albatross stations 2369-2374. Feb. 7, 1885. Lat. 29° 18' to 29° 11' N.;
long. 85° 32' to 85° 29' W.; 25-27 fathoms. A few specimens.

Albatross station 2406. Mar. 15, 1885. Lat. 28° 46' 00" N.; long. 84° 49' W.;
26 fathoms; crs. s. co. One specimen.

In the sample from station 2406, the diameter of the disk is 3 mm. ; the others
are smaller and their diameters do not exceed 2 mm. Most have six arms, but
some, however, have only five.

OPHIACTIS SAVIGNYI (MUller and Troscbel).

See for bibliography:

Kcehler (05), p. 26.
Kcehler (07), p. 311.
Kcehler (13), p. 355.

Albatross station 2374. Feb. 5, 1885. Lat. 29° 11' 30" N.; long. 85° 29' W.;
26 fathoms; s. g. brk. sh. One specimen.

Albatross station 2409. Mar. 18, 1885. Lat. 27° 04' X. ; long. 83° 21' 15" W.;
26 fathoms; crs. gy. s. brk. sh. One specimen.

Fish Hawk station 7293. Feb. 24, 1902. Lat. 24° 42' 30" N.; long. 81° 55'
52" W.; 7J fathoms; co.; temp. 20° C. One specimen.

Fish HawJc station 7402. Jan. 7, 1903. Pigeon Key Lake; 9 feet; s. gs.
Two specimens.

Fish Hawk station 7405. Jan. 7, 1903. Pigeon Key Lake; 10 feet; rky. One
specimen.

Key West. Dec. 2, 1903. Main Ship Channel. One specimen.

Dry Tortugas, 1884. Several specimens.

Spanish Wells, Eleuthera Island, Bahamas. One specimen.

St. Thomas, 1884. Several specimens.

Pernambuco, 1875. One specimen.

Abrothos Islands. Dec. 12, 1887. Several specimens.

No label. One specimen.

All the specimens are provided with six arms, except that of station 2409,
which has seven.

42 BULLETIN 84, UNITED STATES NATIONAL MUSEUM.

AMPHILEPIS NORVEGICA (Ljungman).

See for bibliography:

Kcehler (09), p. 181.

Sussbach and Breckner (11), p. 251.

Albatross station 2043. July 30, 1883. Lat. 39° 49' N. ; long. 68° 20' 30" W. ;
1,467 fathoms; glob. oz. ; temp. 38.5° F. Two specimens.

Albatross, 1883. Off Cape Hatteras. Depth not mentioned. Two specimens.

The diameter of the disk ranges between. 6 and 9.5 mm. The examples are
rather incomplete, especially those from station 2043, in which all the arms are
broken from their very bases.

The depth of 1,467 fathoms is rather considerable, but a still greater one (1,608
fathoms) has been noted by Verrill (85, p. 549).

OPHIOPHRAGMUS WUNDERMANI (Lyman).
Plate 8, figa. 1-2.

Amphiura wundermani LYMAN (61), p. 169.
Ophiophragmus wundermani LYMAN (65), p. 132.
Amphiura wundermani LJUNGMAN (71), p. 648.
Ophiophragmus wundermani LYMAN (82), p. 159.

Trinidad. Jan. 30-Feb. 2, 1884. A few examples.

The specimens are quite in conformity with Lyman's descriptions. I notice
only that the marginal scales of the upper face of the disk are generally less erect
and less distinct than in the other species of the same genus.

0. wundermani has never been figured. I beg to present here two illustrations
of one of the specimens in the United States National Museum (pi. 8, figs. 1, 2).

This species had not before been reported except on the coasts of Florida.

OPHIOCNIDA FILOGRANEA Lyman.

Ophiocnida filogranea LYMAN (75), p. 20, figs. 88-89.
Ophioenida filogranea LYMAN (82) pp. 153 and 155.
Ophioenida filogranea VERRILL (99a), p. 317.

Cedar Keys, Florida. Six specimens.

Sarasota Bay, Florida. One specimen.

Puntarasa, Florida. Feb., 1884. One specimen.

Charlotte Harbor, Florida. Mar., 1887. One specimen.

The diameter of the disk ranges between 4.5 and 6 mm.

This species belongs to the second group of Ophioenida of Verrill, in which
the disk scales are partly bare, partly provided with granules or very short spinules,
or both, and in which are included 0. filogranea, loveni (Ljungman) and liltkeni
(Ljungman).

OPHIOCNIDA LOVENI (Ljungman).

PlateS, figs. 7,8.

Ophiophragmus loveni LJUNGMAN (66a), p. 165.
Ophiocnida loveni LYMAN (75), p. 21.
Ophiocnida loveni LYMAN (82), pp. 153 and 155.
Ophiocnida loveni VERRILL (99o), p. 317.

Ljungman who first described this species had included it in the genus Ophio-
phragmus. Lyman made of it an Ophiocnida, which is more correct, and connects

OPHIUBANS OF UNITE0 STATES NATIONAL MUSEUM. 43

it with O.filogranea (75, p. 21), from which he distinguishes it chiefly by the shape
of the oral papillae. Ljungman's description is fairly complete, but it will not be
useless to insist on the differences which separate the two species, since O.filogranea
is found in the collections gathered by the Albatross.

Ljungman's type is preserved in the Stockholm Museum and I have been able
to study it, thanks to the kindness of Professor The'el. It is represented only by a
single specimen from Rio de Janeiro ; the disk is 6 mm. in diameter and the arms are
from 30 to 32 mm. long; they are consequently much shorter than in O.filogranea.

The upper face is covered with fairly large plates which are unequal and
polygonal, without the slightest indication of primary plates. The radial shields
are triangular, one and a half times longer than wide and not twice so, as stated
by Ljungman; they are contiguous only on half their length and proximally
remain separated by a fairly wide triangular space, which is beset by a few plates.
The spines do not appear until on the margin of the disk, as is also the case with
0. filogranea, but they extend over the whole under face, whilst in the latter species,
they cover only a peripheric triangular area which is more or less reduced. The
mouth shields are about as long as wide and even a little wider than long; they are
lozenge-shaped with a truncated distal angle. The adoral plates are rather thick,
and wider outwardly than inwardly. The three oral papillae are flattened and they
all come up to the same height, but the external papilla is wider than the others.
These various characters of the mouthpieces clearly separate 0. loveni from O.filo-
granea. Finally, the upper brachial plates are less wide in the former than in the
latter species and their shape is rather triangular with an obtuse and rounded
proximal angle; the under plates are plainly pentagonal with an obtuse proximal
angle instead of being rectangular as in O.filogranea.

OPHIOCNIDA SCABRTUSCULA (Llitken).

See for bibliography:

Verrill (89a), p. 317.

Key West, Florida. 1885. Eight specimens.
Diameter of disk included between 4 and 6 mm.

AMPHILIMNA OLIVACEA (Lyman).

See for bibliography:

Verrill (99a), p. 318.

Albatross station 2646. Apr. 9, 1886. Lat. 25° 47' N.; long. 80° 05' W.;
85 fathoms; gy. s. for. Twelve specimens.

The arms which are very long, are broken in pieces. The diameter of the
disk generally ranges between 5 and 10 mm., and in two specimens it does not
exceed 3 mm.

A. olivacea was formerly classified in the genus OpMocnida from which it was
removed in 1899 by Verrill who made it the type of his new genus Amphilimna.

This species has been met with at several places off the eastern coast of the
United States; it extends from Marthas Vineyard as far down as the coasts of
Florida and appears also in the West Indies. It lives between 40 and 192 fathoms.

44 BULLETIN 84, UNITED STATES NATIONAL MUSEUM.

OPHIONEREIS RETICULATA (Say).

See for bibliography :

Lyman (82), p. 162.

Lyman (83), p. 253.

Ives (89), p. 177.

Ltitken and Mortensen (09), p. 162, pi. 13, fig. 10.

H. L. Clark (01), p. 249.

H. L. Clark (Ola), p. 340.

Koehler (07), p. 315.

KoeMer (07a), p. 274.

Koehler (13), p. 360.

Albatross station 2138. Feb. 29, 1884. Lat. 17° 44' 05" N.; long. 75° 39' W.;
23 fathoms; co. brk. sh. One specimen.

Albatross station 2758. Dec. 16, 1887. Lat. 6° 59' 30" S.; long. 34° 47' W.;
20 fathoms; brk. sh.; temp. 79° F. Several specimens.

Fish Hawk station 7209. Dec. 9, 1901. North Key. Lat. 28° 52' 45" N.;
long. 83° 07' W.; 5f fathoms; rky.; temp. 16.1° C. One specimen.

Fisti Hawk station 7257. Jan. 28, 1902. Highland. Lat. 27° 55' 30" N.;
long. 83° 11' 30" W.; 13 fathoms; hrd. and c.; temp. 16.4° C. One specimen.

Fish Hawk station 7429. Jan. 27, 1902. Hawk Channel; 14 feet; rky. One
specimen.

Fish Hawk station 7467. Feb. 19, 1902. Grecian Shoals; 2f fathoms. One
specimen.

Key West, Florida. Several specimens.

Indian Key. Eight specimens.

Tortugas Reef. One dry specimen.

Dry Tortugas. One specimen.

Green Cay, Bahamas. One specimen.

Hungry Bay, Bermudas. Four specimens.

Abrolhos Islands. Three specimens.

OPHIONEREIS SQDAMULOSA Koehler, new name.
Ophionereis squamata KCEHLER (13), p. 560, pi. 21, figs. 4-6.

Albatross station 2758. Dec. 16, 1887. Lat. 6° 59' 30" S.; long. 34° 47' W.;
20 fathoms; brk. sh.; temp. 79° F. Two specimens.

Diameter of the disk, 2.5 to 3 mm.

I had an opportunity of noting these two specimens when describing the species
in the above-mentioned memoir, from an example which had been caught in the
West Indies by Messrs. Kiikenthal and Hartmeyer.

After having described this Ophiuran in 1913, I noticed that the name Ophio-
nereis squamata had been applied by Ljungman, hi 1 866, to the Ophionereis which had
been described in 1860 by Lyman under the name of 0. porrecta. Although the first
of these words has disappeared from science, owing to its having fallen into
synonymy, I propose, in order to avoid all chance of equivocation, to replace the
name of 0. squamata by that of 0. squamulosa.

OPHIURANS OF UNITED STATES NATIONAL MUSEUM. 45

OPHIOPSILA RIISEI Liitken.

See for bibliography:

Verrill (99), p. 23.
H. L. Clark (01), p. 246.
Verrill (07), p. 328.
Keehler (07), p. 315.

Albatross station 2649. Apr. 12, 1886. Lat. 23° 34' N.; long. 76° 33' W.;
36 fathoms; co. s.; temp. 74.2° F. A single arm.

Fish Hawk station 7151. Nov. 7, 1901. Deadman's Bay. Lat. 29° 43' 40"
N.; long. 83° 49' 45" W.; 5J fathoms; c.; temp. 20.5° C. Two specimens.

Fish Hawk station 7467. Feb. 19, 1903. Grecian Shoals, Florida; 2J fathoms;
barry and s. One specimen.

Fish Hawk station 7482. Mar. 7, 1903. Biscayne Bay Key, Florida; If
fathoms; barry. One specimen.

Fish HawTc station 7484. Mar. 7, 1903. Biscayne Bay Key, Florida; 2
fathoms; s. grs. One specimen.

FisTi Hawk station 7493. Mar. 10, 1903. Card Sound, Florida; 1§ fathoms;
barry. One specimen.

Key West, Florida. Three specimens.

Florida. Two dry specimens.

OPHIOPSILA MACULATA (Verrill).

Amphipsila maculata VEHRILL (99), p. 55.

Albatross station 2138. Feb. 29, 1884. Lat, 17° 44' 05" N. ; long. 75° 39' W. ;
23 fathoms; co. brk. sh. One specimen.

Albatross station 2167. May 1, 1884. Lat, 23° 10' 40" N.; long. 82° 20' 30"
W.; 201 fathoms; co. One specimen.

The two samples are not in good condition.

AMPHIURA FLEXUOSA LJungman
Plate 4, figs. 1-2.

Amphiura flexuosa LJUNGMAN (66), p. 319.
Amphiura flexuosa LJUNGMAN (71), p. 643.
Amphiura flexuosa LTMAN (76), p. 17.
Amphiura Jlexuosa LYMAN (82), pp. 124 and 144.
Amphiura Jlexuosa H. L. CLARK (01), p. 247.

A, Jlexuosa was described by Ljungman from a single specimen which came
from the Brazilian coast, and which is very likely littoral. The characters of this
species were stated again by the same writer in the table of Amphiuridse pub-
lished by him in 1871, where he classified it among the species with bare under face
of disk. Notwithstanding certain characters which have been plainly, though
very briefly, indicated by Ljungman, the species does not seem to have been easily
recognized after this writer. Lyman, who had first referred to that species in 1875,
an Amphiura found in the waters of Barbados at 100 fathoms depth, separates it
under the name of A. palmeri in the synoptical table of the species of Amphiurse
of the CTiaUenger. According to Lyman, this latter species is characterized
chiefly by the presence of plates, little apparent, on the under face of the disk,
and by the shape of the second and third under spines having each a hook-shaped

46 BULLETIN 84, UNITED STATES NATIONAL MUSEUM.

extremity. H. L. Clark has reported A. flexuosa at Porto Rico in a depth ranging
between 162 and 171 fathoms, but he points out that the second under spine of his
specimen has its extremity bent. We will see further that Ljungman's type does
not offer this character.

I have had in hand a certain number of AmphiuridaB of the West Indies,
either from the Albatross Expeditions or from Messrs. Kukenthal and Hartmeyer's
voyage, some of which have the under face of the disk bare, while the others have
it covered with scales; in some of them also the spines are variably bihamuled,
and for certain specimens, a comparison with A.flexuosa was indispensable. Before
anything else, I thought it necessary to determine accurately the characters of
this species and to study its type as minutely as possible; thanks to Professor
The'ePs kindness I was able to secure the loan of this type, and I think it useful
to give here a description with some illustrations. Unfortunately, the specimen is
not in a perfect state of preservation and the disk is incomplete, but the characters
can nevertheless be perfectly well discerned.

Ljungman says that the diameter of the disk is about 7 mm., but it seems to me
to scarcely reach that figure; the longest arm is preserved to a length of over 45 mm.

The disk is rounded, very deeply excavated in the interradial spaces. The
upper face is covered with fairly large imbricated plates which are subequal, and
become smaller in the middle of the interradial spaces and a little larger in the
vicinity of the radial shields. The latter are triangular, very long and narrow,
with a narrow basis and a very acute proximal angle; they are fairly divergent,
contiguous distally on about a third of their length and separated proximally by
several rows of plates; as indicated by Ljungman, their length is equal to half the
radius of the disk.

The upper plates of the disk extend over to the under face and they form
around that face a narrow peripheric border which is very sharply limited inwardly,
but all the rest of the Tinder face is absolutely devoid of plates; it displays only a
thin and transparent tegument, slightly plaited and dark-colored. The genital plates
are elongated and narrow; the genital slits are very conspicuous and rather wide.

The mouth shields, almost as long as wide, are rather small and their shape
may be compared to a triangle with a strongly convex proximal basis, excavated
lateral borders which join, by rounded angles, a straight and narrow distal side
which represents the truncated apex of the triangle. It might also be said that
these shields have a pentagonal shape with a very obtuse and rounded proximal
angle, limited by convex sides, slightly excavated lateral edges, and a small distal
edge. The adoral plates are triangular, with an almost straight distal side, and
two other deeply excavated sides; these plates are limited to the sides of the mouth
shield, and their rounded internal angles are widely separated on the interradial
median line; distally, they become wider and form a narrow blade which separates
the mouth shield from the first lateral brachial plate. The oral plates are high
and rather narrow. The external oral papilla is conical, spiniform, fairly strong,
and ends in an obtuse point; it is obliquely erect; the internal papilla is thick and
oval ; between these two papillse there is, on a higher level, an intermediate papilla
which is directed horizontally and is of conical shape, but it is thinner and more
pointed than the external one.

OPHIUKANS OF UNITED STATES NATIONAL MUSEUM. 47

The upper brackial plates are not very large; they are as a whole rounded or
oval, and they can hardly be said to have distinct sides ; they offer a narrow proximal
side which is slightly excavated at the beginning of the arms and a strongly convex
distal side. The first eight or ten plates are rather small, almost as long as wide;
they become progressively larger and at the same time wider than long.

The first under brachial plate is small, trapezoidal, with a widened proximal
side, a narrow distal side, and diverging lateral sides; it is a little wider than long.
The succeeding plates are middle-sized and rather narrow; they are quadrangular,
a little longer than wide, with rounded angles, a little more widened in their proximal
region; the proximal side is actually divided, at a short distance from the basis,
into one fairly wide median side and two little oblique lateral sides. All these plates
are contiguous.

The lateral brachial plates carry six spines each as indicated by Ljungman.
The first ventral spine is about as long as the article; it is fairly thick, cylindrical,
with a rounded point. The following one is a little larger; it is fairly wide at its
basis, but it rapidly grows thinner and its point is sharper than that of the foregoing
one. Afterwards, the length of the spines decreases very slowly down to the
last dorsal one which is lightly flattened but sharp, a shape which was already
beginning to appear in the preceding spine. The end of the lateral spines is simply
pointed and absolutely straight; it is neither truncated nor bent sideways into a
little hook, neither is it provided with spinules; their surface is perfectly smooth
on their whole length. The exact shape of the brachial spines of A. flexuosa has
been correctly observed by Ljungman and in the table of the species of Amphiuridae
published by him in 1871, he sets A. semiermis and flexuosa which have "spinse
brachiales acuminatse, non complanatae, teretes" in opposition to A. latispina
and kinbergi which have "spinse brachiales obtusse, plus minus complanatae,
latiusculas."

The tentacular brachial pores, rounded, are very large while the tentacular
scales, amounting to two, are extremely small ; these scales are rounded and arranged
oblique to one another; the external scale, which is inserted on the lateral plate,
is a little larger than the other and tends to assume an oval shape. These scales
do not really take their definite characters until after the first two or three brachial
articles on which they may either be lacking or limited to one only.

The color of the specimen in alcohol is whitish on the upper face and brownish
on the under face.

Connections and differences. — The species of the genus AmpMura (e. lat.) are,
generally, separated from one another by very obvious and easily distinguishable
characters ; if it has sometimes been found difficult to determine them, it has been
due more to insufficient descriptions and to the lack of drawings than to the
existence of intermediate forms. If we abide by the characters which we have
just observed in Ljungman's type, which is evidently the only one which can be
taken as a standard, we shall say that A. flexuosa is distinguished by the fol-
lowing chief characters:

1. The under face of the disk is bare, the upper plates pass over somewhat
to that face in the shape of a marginal and rather narrow border, but the said face
may be considered as remaining bare ; a like border is often observed in other species

48 BULLETIK 84, UNITED STATES NATIONAL MUSEUM.

with bare under face of the disk and it is undoubtedly due to a contraction of the
tissues of the animal when it was put into alcohol.

2. The tentacular scales amount to two and are all very small.

3. The brachial spines amount to six; they are pointed and absolutely deprived
of a terminal hook.

4. The radial shields are very much elongated. The mouth shields display
a peculiar shape with a convex proximal side and the external oral papilla isspini-
form.

5. Lastly, the upper and under brachial plates are narrow and the latter are
longer than wide.

Any Amphiura which does not possess the above characters can not be called
A. flexuosa.

When reporting AmpMura flexuosa from Porto Kico, H. L. Clark indicated that
the second spine of his example was bent; if we adhere strictly to the above-mentioned
characters we may suppose that this was not Ljungman's species. As the specimen
comes from a considerable depth (162-171 fathoms), it is, perhaps, an A. palmeri.

As regards the latter species, the examination which I was able to make of
A. flexuosa confirms my opinion that the distinction laid down by Lyman between
this species and A. palmeri is perfectly justified. The information given by Lyman
about A. palmeri is, unfortunately, too short; however, the shape of the spines
following the first ventral which offer a small, bent, terminal hook is of itself sufficient
to separate the two species. One may see also by Lyman's drawings that the mouth
shields have a different shape. As to the shape of the external oral papilla, it does
not seem to me to have been clearly indicated by Lyman; this writer, in fact, states
that it can scarcely be called "spiniform," while in his drawing he represents it as
being quite clearly widened and squamiform.

Owing to these facts and the want of a sufficient description, it is very difficult
to form an accurate idea of what A. palmeri may be. In 1907 (07 a, p. 279) I
referred to this species some Amphiurse which came from the expeditions of the
TravaiUeur and the Talisman, in which the external oral papilla was very thick,
conical, and erect, but not squamiform; the under face of the disk was bare, but
the brachial spines generally amounted to more than six, and the second and
third ones most generally carried at their ends two opposite hooks, which, besides,
were often unequal, instead of the single one indicated by Lyman. I am
inclined to consider these specimens as belonging to another species and to join
them with the AmpJiiura which I describe below under the name of A. kinbergiensis.
I shall deal with that question again when studying this latter species.

AMPHItTRA LATISPINA Ljungman.
Plate 4, figs. 5-6.

Amphiura latispina LJUNGMAN (66), p. 320.
Amphiura latispina LJUNGMAN (71), p. 643.

This species is known only from a single specimen from the mouth of the
La Plata River. It is interesting from several (points of view, and among others,
because it is very near A. "kinbergi, which I believe I have found again in the
collections of the Albatross. Unfortunately, the latter species, which was also

OPHIURANS OF UNITED STATES NATIONAL MUSEUM. 49

introduced by Ljungman, was never described by him and we know it only by the
very short comparison which he made between the said species and A. latispina.
These two species belong, together with A.flexuosa and A. semiermis, to the group
wlu'ch Ljungman had separated from the other Amphiuridae under the name of
Hemilepis, owing to the lack of plates on the under part of the disk. It seems
useful to me to describe with some detail A. latispina, so as to possess the elements
of a comparison with the species which I describe below under the name of A. Tcin-
bergiensis.

In Ljungman's type the disk is about 7 mm. in diameter, measured between
two nonconsecutive angles of the disk, and one of the arms is preserved to a length
of nearly 40 mm.

The disk is very strongly excavated in the interradial spaces. The upper face
is not uniformly and completely covered with scales, for there is in the middle of
each interradial space one triangular region which remains bare. The plates appear
first in the central region where they are imbricated, small and equal, and they
continue in the direction of the radii, so as to surround each pair of radial shields
with a certain number of rows ; these plates grow larger and larger as they get nearer
to the radial shields. As a rule, the interradial spaces are bare, as I have just
stated, but in two of them I observe four or five little rounded plates which are
transparent and not in contact. The appearance of the upper face of the disk of
this Amphiura is consequently rather peculiar. The radial shields are pretty large,
elongated, narrow, four or five times longer than wide, and wider distally than
proximally; they join distally on one-third of their length, and, proximally, they
go progressively apart from each other without, however, becoming very divergent.
The very narrow interval which separates them is also quite bare. The length of
these shields is almost equal to half the radius of the disk.

The under face of the disk in the interradial spaces is bare; however, in one of
these spaces I notice a few rounded plates, which are isolated, very thin, and identical
with those which I have reported above in the interradial spaces of the upper face.
The genital plates are narrow and elongated and the genital slits are quite apparent.

The mouthpieces are disposed as in A.flexuosa, and the mouth shields, especially,
have exactly the same shape as in that species. They are triangular, with a very
convex proximal side, concave lateral sides, and a truncated distal apex, which
forms a small rounded edge; they are as long as wide or slightly longer than wide.
The adoral plates are triangular, with more or less concave sides, and they are not
contiguous on the interradial median line; but still they are more developed out-
wardly than in A.flexuosa and come very near the median line, so that they compress
the first under brachial plate rather strongly between them. The external oral
papilla is strong, conical, and elongated, perhaps a little thicker and proportionately
somewhat shorter than in A.flexuosa.

The first upper brachial plates have also almost the same shape as in A.flexuosa.
They are oval and rather small, owing to the overgrowth of the lateral plates ; the
lateral margins are very convex, and the proximal side, less convex, is often broken
into two distinct edges joined by a very obtuse angle. They are a little wider than
long and they all remain broadly in contact.

50 BULLETIN 84, UNITED STATES NATIONAL MUSEUM.

The first under brachial plate is very small and extremely narrow, chiefly in its
distal part, where it is pressed between the external lobes of the adoral plates;
proximally it becomes wider and ends in a very convex margin. The following
plates are, as in A.flexuosa, almost quadrangular and wider proximally; the proximal
side is also bent into three unequal sides, so that the plates finally display a hexag-
onal shape. They are as wide as long or a little longer than wide; however, they
are proportionately a little less elongated than in A. flexuosa.

The lateral plates are little protruding, but they cover a rather important part
of the upper face of the arms; they first carry six spines but this figure afterwards
diminishes to five; these spines are subequal and more or less flattened. The first
ventral spine, the length of which somewhat exceeds that of the article, is very
much flattened with a rounded point. The second one is a little shorter and rather
cylindrical; on the first articles the spine simply ends in a point, but from the
seventh or eighth article upward it shows a hyaline terminal hook which rapidly
takes on a very great development; this bent hook is analogous to the one which
is known in A. complanata. However, the angle formed by the hook with the spine
is less marked than in this latter species. Ljungman says nothing of the hook in
his original description, but in the table of the species of Amphiuridse, published
by him in 1871, he indicates it as follows: "Spina brachialis ad infimam proxima
falciformis in apice acuta." The other spines are more flattened and they tend to
assume a lanceolate shape; their width very slightly decreases down to the last
one, which is short and very much widened.

There are two tentacular scales, very small, rounded, and subequal; the proxi-
mal scale inserted on the lateral plate is, however, a little larger than the other; it is
disposed obliquely to the latter. These scales are scarcely visible, and they may even
be completely absent on the first three or four brachial articles, but they always
appear afterwards in a regular manner and I can not account for Ljungman's
saying that they are lacking.

By the above description, it will be seen that A. latispina shows great analogies
with A. Jlexuosa, but it differs clearly from it by the shape of the brachial spines
and by the large bent hyaline hook which terminates the second ventral spine. As
to the peculiar disposition of the upper plates of the disk, and the absence of these
plates on the interradial spaces, which somewhat recall the genus OpJiionepJithys, it
would be necessary to compare several specimens in order to know if this disposition
be accidental in the only known specimen or if it does really characterize the species.
The former hypothesis seems to me the most likely one. H. L. Clark pointed out
in A. aery staia from California and Japan the same disposition of the plates in some
specimens (11, p. 146, fig. 58 a), whereas in others (fig. 58 17) the plates cover the
whole upper face of the disk.

AMPHIDR A R ATKBUNI, new species.

Plate 18, figs. 5 and 7.
Amphiura flexuosa H. L. CLARK (not Lyman) Bull. U. S. Fish Comm. for 1900, vol. 2, 1901, p. 247.

Fish Hawk station 6066. Jan. 20, 1899. Mayaguez Harbor, Porto Rico; 16
to 17 fathoms; m. s.; temp. 23° C. One specimen.
Type.—C&t. No. 21295, U.S.N.M.

OPHIUKANS OF UNITED STATES NATIONAL MUSEUM. 51

The diameter of the disk is 7 mm.; the arms are broken off near the base.

This Ophiura was labeled Amphiura flexuosa by H. L. Clark, but it is undoubt-
edly incorrect; in fact, the individual differs from A. flexuosa which I have
described above to such an extent that it is impossible to refer it to that species;
besides, it comes nearer A. latispina, but also differs from it, and I consider it to
represent a new species.

The disk is pentagonal, excavated in the interradial spaces. The upper face
is covered with middle-size plates, which are fairly uniform and regular, imbri-
cated, with no indication of primary plates. They only become a little smaller
toward the outline in the middle of the interradial spaces. The radial shields are
narrow and rather elongated, three or three-and-a-half times longer than wide,
with a very pointed proximal angle; they are hardly divergent and separated on
their whole length by a set of plates; their length is inferior to half the radius of
the disk. The upper plates stop in a very sharp manner at the periphery of the
disk, when they reach the edge of the under face ; this face remains bare or provided
only with a few very thin scales, which are insulated or united into small groups,
but by no means form a regular covering. The genital slits are narrow.

The mouth shields are fairly large, elongated, much longer than broad, and
lozenge-shaped, with a truncated and rounded distal angle. The adoral plates
are triangular, hardly in contact by their internal angle on the median line. The
oral plates are short and thick. The external mouth papilla is erect, somewhat
spiniform although short, and slightly flattened with a blunt point; the internal
papilla is conical, rather thick, and of middling size. Another papilla, which is
almost identical with the external, one, but somewhat thicker at its basis, is found
between the two preceding ones on a higher level.

The arms are elongated and fairly thin. The upper brachial plates are very
large, much broader than long and cover a great part of the upper face of the arms.
The first two or three are quadrangular, with a narrow proximal edge, a very wide
and strongly convex distal edge, and diverging sides. The following plates take
the shape of a biconvex lens, with the two anterior and posterior edges united by
rounded angles.

The first under brachial plate is trapezoidal, almost as broad as long, with a
narrow and slightly convex* distal edge. The following ones are pentagonal, a little
wider than long, with a very obtuse and rounded proximal angle and a distal edge
which is slightly excavated hi its middle. They are all contiguous.

The lateral plates, little protruding, carry five spines each. The first ventral
spine is conical with a blunt point, and its total length is equal or slightly superior
to that of the article. The second spine, which is a little larger, first has the same
shape as the preceding one, then, beyond the disk, its extremity gets elongated
and developed into a hyaline hook, which is bent and strongly marked. The
third spine, which is shorter than the second and as long as the first, also tends to
form a hook at its end, but this hook is less developed and less bent than the fore-
going one. The fourth spine is still shorter, and the fifth, which is but little
developed, hardly reaches half the article; the last two spines are cylindrical and
not very thick.

There are two tentacular scales rather short, subequal and at a right angle.

52 BTJLLETIK 84, UNITED STATES NATIONAL MUSEUM.

Connections and differences. — A. rathbuni belongs to the group of Amphiura
s. str. in which the under face of the disk is deprived of a regular covering of plates
(Hemilepis) and which possesses two tentacular scales. The shape of the second
ventral spine prevents its being mistaken for A.flexuosa, from which it also differs
by its mouth shields being lozenge-shaped, and by its upper and under brachial
plates being broader. The shape of the second spine recalls that of A. latispina,
but in this latter species the last two dorsal spines are large, very much widened
and flattened, while they are here slender and cylindrical; the mouth shields, as
well as the upper and under brachial plates, are also differently shaped.

A. rathbuni differs still more from the other species of the same group.

It gives me great pleasure to dedicate this new species to Dr. Eichard Eathbun.

AMPHIURA KINBERGIENSIS, new species.
Plate 4, figs. 3-4; plate 5, figs. 1-2.

t Amphiura kinbergi LJUNGMAN (71), p. 643.
Amphiura palmeri K^HLER (07a), p. 279.

Fisti Hawk station 7512. Mar. 25, 1903. 3f miles southeast by east of Fowey
Rocks Light, Florida; 170 fathoms; sft. Four specimens.

Type— Cat. No. 32292, TJ.S.N.M.

I am almost certain that the Amphiura which I am going to describe is identical
with the one named A. Tciribergi by Ljungman in 1871, and which he says comes from
the southern region of Brazil, without mentioning any depth. Unfortunately,
Ljungman has given no description of that species; he only mentions it in the table
of the species of Amphiuridae of the Atlantic, and he classifies it, with A. latispina,
among the Amphiurse which have the under face of their disks bare, and which
possess two tentacular scales. Both species are characterized by him as having
"spinae brachiales obtusae plus minus complanatae latiusculae," and Ljungman says
only of A. kinbergi: "Spinae brachiales ad infimam proxima recta, in apice truncate,
aculeolis minutissimis lateralibus instructa (quasi securiformis)," the two sentences
constituting all the description of A. "kinbergi; the number of spines is not men-
tioned, but it is certainly near that of A. latispina.

Such is the only information we have concerning Amphiura kinbergi, which
must not be mistaken for the Amphipholis Tdribergi, which was also described by
Ljungman, and which, by the way, ought to be united with A. squamata. I had
asked Professor The'el to lend me Amphiura kinbergi of the Stockholm Museum,
but what I received was the AmpJiipholis "kinbergi. On my request, Professor The'el
was so good as to renew his search among such of Ljungman's species as are kept
at the Stockholm Museum, but he could not find Amphiura kinbergi, which,
according to what he wrote me, no longer exists in the museum. One may,
therefore, consider the type of this species as lost. On the other hand,
although the particulars given by Ljungman as regards the shape of the spines,
the absence of plates on the under face of the disk, the presence of two tentacular
scales, and the very close affinities with A. latispina allow to a certain extent some
deductions to be made, it is obvious that, for want of a complete description, an
actual comparison is now impossible, and one can not apply with certainty to an

OPHIURANS OF UNITED STATES NATIONAL MUSEUM. 53

Amphiura the name of A. Jcinbergi. This term must therefore become a nomen
nudum. However, in order to recall its very great likeness to A. Mnbergi, which
is beyond dispute, I propose that the name of A. Tdnbergiensis should be given to
the species which is here described.

The diameter of the disk ranges from 4.5 to 5 mm.; the arms are very long,
exceeding 70 mm.

The specimens are not in a very good state of preservation; every one of them
has several of its arms broken and the disks also are somewhat deformed ; however,
the examples have quite discernible characters, and they may perfectly well be
described and even photographed.

The disk is pentagonal, more or less excavated in the interradial spaces. The
upper face is covered with small, unequal, imbricated plates which are smaller in the
central region as well as in the interradial spaces and on the margin of the disk
and which become larger near the radial shields; there is not the slightest indication
of primary plates. The radial shields are elongated and triangular and their shape
is slightly variable; sometimes they are a little more elongated, sometimes, on the
contrary, they are a little widened. They display a straight and narrow radial
side, a very convex interradial side, and they are about three times longer than wide.
They are distally contiguous and separated on their whole length by more or less
wide spaces, occupied by several rows of plates.

The under face is absolutely bare and its color is always dark. The genital
slits are fairly wide.

The mouth shields, middle-sized, are always longer than wide. They are oval or
lozenge-shaped, with a rather open and rounded proximal angle, limited by two
convex sides; the two posterior sides are about equal in length to the foregoing
ones and they meet in a very obtuse angle which is sometimes truncated so as to
form a little rounded distal side; the very obtuse lateral angles are more or less
rounded, and consequently the shields are now oval, now lozenge-shaped. The
rather large adoral plates are triangular; the proximal side and the interradial
side are more or less excavated, the third side is smaller and straight. These plates
lie near together and generally contiguous on the interradial median line at a very
much rounded angle; they become wider outwardly and may even supply a narrow
blade which separates the mouth shield from the first lateral brachial plate. The
oral plates are fairly elongated. The external oral papilla is strong, thick, conical,
and erect, with a more or less blunt point: the internal papilla is wide and thick;
an intermediate papilla is located on a somewhat higher level; it is thin, conical,
and pointed.

The upper brachial plates are not very large; they are, however, wider than
long and rather oval-shaped, with a very convex distal side and plainly rounded
lateral sides; they are all in contact.

The first under brachial plate is middle-sized, trapezoidal, and somewhat
wider than long, with a wide and convex proximal side, and a narrower distal side
toward which converge the lateral sides, which are slightly excavated by the adoral
plates. The next plates have a general pentagonal shape, with a very obtuse
proximal angle which is truncated, rounded, and more or less indistinct; the

54 BULLETIN 84, UNITED STATES NATIONAL MUSEUM.

lateral sides, which are almost straight, meet at rounded angles. They are about
as long as wide.

The lateral plates, fairly protruding, bear seven and sometimes even eight
spines at the base of the arms. The first under spine is strong, thick, and conical
with a blunt point; it is at least as long as the article and sometimes even a little
longer, and then the length of the spines decreases by degrees down to the last
dorsal one. From the first ventral spine upward, all are flattened, especially from
the third or fourth one upward, and the last ones take a somewhat lanceolate shape.
The spines are located chiefly on the upper part of the arms, and when looking
at the animal from the upper face, one perceives at least four spines on each side;
an arrangement which accounts for the upper brachial plates being comparatively
narrow. The surface of the first ventral spine is rough and the rugosities become
coarser near the point, which is rounded. The second spine always has a truncated
end; it displays all along its edges very small denticulations which are more developed
at the end where they form a fairly regular little row; the last denticulation, which
occupies the distal angle, is more developed than the others and constitutes a little
transverse, hyaline hook, which is triangular, but always very short. Sometimes,
a like formation, which always remains less important, appears at the proximal
angle, so that the spine has a tendency to become bihamuled; it will also be seen
that the small lateral denticulations of the spine are often more developed on the
distal side than on the proximal side. The next two spines, that is to say, the
third and fourth ones, display a structure similar to the second one, but the distal
hook alone is developed and the lateral denticulations do not appear except on the
distal side of the spine. Finally, the other spines simply remain rough at their
end, which is rounded.

The tentacular scales, two in number, are at a right angle and middle-sized ;
the external scale is rounded and it is a little larger than the internal one, which is
elongated and less wide.

By comparing, as I have been able to do, the four specimens gathered by
the Fish Hawk with those of the Travailleur and the Talisman, to which I had given
in 1907 the name of A. palmeri, I have been convinced that the latter belong
certainly to the same species as the former and that they also ought to be called
A. Tcinbergiensis. In fact, the under face of the disk is completely bare, and the
other characters offer a striking likeness to those I have just pointed out in A. Tcin-
bergiensis. I reproduce here two photographs of one of these examples, which
will sufficiently illustrate that likeness (pi. 4, fig. 4, and pi. 5, fig. 2). The only
difference I can note regards the radial shields which are comparatively a little
shorter in the examples of the Talisman, but we have seen that the shape of these
shields varies in the American examples; the lateral teeth of the spine appear chiefly
near the end. These specimens of the Talisman were dredged at a depth of 290
fathoms.

Connections and differences. — A. Tfinbergiensis is extremely near A. latispina
Ljungman, from which it differs chiefly by the presence, on the lateral spines, of
denticulations which develop principally at the end of the spines and which replace
the large bent hook which terminates the second ventral spine of A. latispina.
The under brachial plates are more elongated in the latter, the shape of the mouth

OPHIUBANS OF UNITED STATES NATIONAL MUSEUM. 55

shields and perhaps also the arrangement of the upper plates of the disk, separate
A. latispina from A. Jcinbergiensis.

A. kinbergiensis is also near A. flexuosa Ljungman, but the latter has brachial
spines which are fewer and pointed, and the mouth shields have a very different
shape; there can be no confusion of the two species.

What differences can be pointed out between A. Icinbergiensis and A. palmeri?
The two species are certainly very much alike, and their affinities are so great that I
confused them in 1907, which confusion was not without excuse, owing to the very
vague information we possess regarding the characters of A. palmeri and to the
absence of specimens making a comparison possible. Now that I have studied the
type of A. flexuosa, a species so near A. palmeri that Lyman at first confused these
two forms, and have been able to compare A. Icinbergiensis with A. latispina, the
characters of the former appear much clearer to me; unfortunately, these com-
parisons are incomplete, since I have been unable to study the type of A. palmeri,
which I know only by the drawings and by a few remarks of Lyman. But it seems
to me impossible to unite with an Amphiura having seven and sometimes eight
brachial spines, a form with five spines only, these figures occurring on such specimens
as have about the same size; and Lyman had some examples of A. palmeri in
which the diameter of the disk reached even 6.5 mm. Moreover, the under face of
A. palmeri offers some rudimental plates which are completely lacking in A. Icin-
bergiensis; lastly, the shape of the second and third brachial spines of my species is
not at all as described and figured by Lyman in A. palmeri. As regards the
external oral papilla, its shape is very different in the two species, if we follow the
scheme which Lyman published in 1875 (75, pi. 5, fig. 68); the indications of the
text are much less precise, since the writer states only that this papilla can scarcely
be called "spiniform," as I stated in 1907. Under these conditions, I thought it
necessary to separate the two species.

AMPHIURA PALMERI Lyman.
Plate 18, figs. 1 and 3.

Albatross, 1884. Key West, Florida. Two specimens.

I was very glad to find among the lot of Ophiurse which were sent to me hi
1913, one bottle labeled Amphiura palmeri, which was determined by Lyman.
These two samples are quite in conformity with this author's descriptions, and by
studying them I have been able to solve a few questions which still remained
doubtful and to which I have called attention above, such as, among other things,
the characters of the under face of the disk, the shape of the external mouth papilla,
and the brachial spines.

In the best preserved individual, the photograph of which is reproduced on
plate 18, figures 1 and 3, the diameter of the disk is 5 mm. and the length of the
arms exceeds 40 mm. As may be seen on the photograph, the under face of the
disk is beset all over with plates which form a perfectly uninterrupted covering,
succeeding without any lack of continuity the plates of the upper face. The
under plates are smaller than the latter, but they are nevertheless very easy to
distinguish.

6061°— Bull. 84—14—5

56 BULLETIN 84, UNITED STATES NATIONAL MUSEUM.

As for the external mouth papilla, it is flattened, a little elongated, and erect ;
it is somewhat narrower at its basis than at its end, which forms a rounded edge.
Thus are explained the contradictions apparently existing between Lyman's
descriptions and his drawings.

Lastly, the brachial spines amount to six on the first article and five afterwards.
The two spines which succeed the first ventral one terminate each in a little hyaline
point, which is conical and sharp, is at a right angle with the 'spine, and directed
toward the end of the arm; the fourth spine still shows a like arrangement, but
often less strongly marked. The spines are consequently not bihamuled, the
terminal hook being developed on one side only; on the other side the spines show
only a few rugosities. Under the terminal hook there may also be observed one
or two small denticulations, but these are very weak. The last dorsal spine may
show also a little terminal point, which is not so strong as on the preceding spine
and is sometimes directed in the axis of the spine and sometimes forms a certain
angle with it. The first ventral spine is cylindrical; the others are more or less
flattened; chiefly so is the last dorsal one.

The mouth shields show a form slightly different from that figured by Lyman
in 1875. In the scheme published by him (75, pi. 5, fig. 68) he ascribes to these
shields an almost circular periphery, while on fig. 35, plate 3, the shield is oval.
This latter form is nearer to the one I observe on the two specimens which I have
in hand, the mouth shields of which are longer than wide and a little narrower in
their distal half, which terminates in a little truncated edge. That form recalls the
one I have observed and noted above in A. kinbergiensis.

In the same bottle there was also a very small individual, the disk of which is
only 2.5 mm. in diameter; the arms are all broken at their beginning. I mention
this specimen because its primary plates are still visible on the upper face and the
plates of the under face are even more distinct than on the two larger specimens,
although of no greater size. Moreover, the mouth shields have an almost regular
oval shape and their form very much recalls that which Lyman represented in 1875
(pi. 3, fig. 35).

The characters of A. palmeri are thus now defined and this species must take
place in the section of Amphiura s. str., in which the under face of the disk is
provided with a regular and uninterrupted covering of plates.

AMPHKTRA FIBULATA, new species.
Plate 7, figs. 3-5.

Fish Hawk station 7295. Feb. 24, 1902. Gulf of Mexico. Lat.24°38' 40" N.;
long. 81° 56' 26" W.; 5| fathoms; co.; temp. 19.5° C. A single specimen.

Type.—C&t. No. 32293, U.S.N.M.

The disk is 8 mm. in diameter; the arms are incomplete, but some of them are
preserved to a length of 70 to 75 mm.; and they must have been much longer.

The disk is rounded. The upper face is covered with imbricated plates, rather
uniform, somewhat smaller, however, in the central region and in the middle of the
interradial spaces; they become a little larger near the radial shields; on the con-
trary, near the margin of the disk and in the interradial spaces they rapidly become

OPHIUBANS OP UNITED STATES NATIONAL MUSEUM. 57

smaller. There is not the slightest indication of primary plates. The radial shields
are large, rather elongated, three times longer than wide, preserving about the same
width in their whole length, and their distal and proximal ends are rounded. The
shields of the same pair are not much divergent; distally they are close to each other
or in contact, and they are separated proximally at first by one or two successive
elongated plates and then by some smaller plates.

The under face of the disk is covered with small, rounded plates, rather loosely
put together, and transparent, under which may be seen the underlying tissues
which are of a dark color. These plates do not form a very hard covering and they
differ from the upper plates, with which they have no continuity at the margin of
the disk; but still, they completely cover the under face and extend up to the
mouth shields.

The mouth shields are rather large, notably longer than wide, their shapes
being almost lanceolate, but their proximal angle is strongly obtuse and rounded
and even sometimes semicircular; the lateral angles also are very much rounded
and are succeeded by two slightly excavated and convergent lateral edges, which
meet at angles which are also rounded, and a small distal side, transverse and almost
straight. The adoral plates are somewhat small, triangular, with the three sides
concave; the oral margin especially is excavated by the tentacular oral pore which
is very large; these plates are hardly contiguous on the median interradial line by
their internal ends which are rounded. The middle-sized oral plates are higher
than wide; they are terminated by a large, rounded, and obtuse papilla. The
external oral papilla located at the meeting point of the oral and adoral plates is little
developed, conical, with a rounded end, and is obliquely erect. On a higher level is
seen, as usual, a small papilla equal in size to the foregoing, but thinner and more
pointed.

The upper brachial plates are small, almost circular at the base of the arms,
with a proximal edge slightly excavated. They afterwards become oval in shape,
transversely, and a little wider than long, with the distal side more convex than the
proximal one. They are all in contact. On the upper median line extends a very
light yellowish stripe, which can hardly be distinguished on the specimen in alcohol.

The first under brachial plate is small, narrowed in its distal part, which is
compressed between the ends of the adjacent adoral plates and widened proximally.
The other plates remain rather small. The second one is quadrangular, somewhat
longer than wide, with its proximal margin widened and slightly notched, while the
distal edge is smaller and rounded. The succeeding plates are quadrangular, with
straight edges and rounded corners; they are hardly longer than wide and are all in
contact.

The side plates, little protruding, extend fairly over the upper face of the arms.
Each of them carries seven spines, the length of which slightly decreases from the
first ventral one, which is equal to the article, down to the last dorsal. The first is
cylindrical, rather thick, and has a very rough surface; its rounded end bears very
fine denticulations which are more or less conspicuous. The other spines are
flattened and their surfaces are always very rough. The second ventral spine is
generally bihamuled; however, the two hooks which are at its extremity, and one

58

BULLETIN 84, UNITED STATES NATIONAL MUSEUM.

of which prolongs the other, are very often unequal, the distal hook being more
strongly marked; under these hooks the roughness of the surface of the spine often
grows into minute teeth, which are very distinct, there being one or two on each
side. The third spine and also the following one present about the same shape;
however there is a decreasing tendency in the size of the terminal hooks. The two
succeeding spines still offer at their ends two or three small denticulations, but these
are very fine and do not incurve sideways. The last dorsal spine, smaller than the
others, is almost cylindrical, and its rounded end may still show a very fine spinule.
The tentacular pores are very short, and the ambulacral tubes are large. As a
general rule, there is but one tentacular scale; it is very small, flattened, slightly
elongated, and rounded at its end, which is rough; it issues from the lateral plate.
On the first pores a second scale is often found, smaller, rounded, issuing from the
under plate. This second scale is always lacking on the first brachial pore, and is
not even constantly present on the succeeding pores. In the following table I give
the number of tentacular scales which I observed on the first articles of each arm
on each side:

Arm No.

Second
article.

Third
article.

Fourth
article.

Fifth
article.

Sixth
article.

I

2 1

1 2

2 2

2 1

1

II .

2-1

2-2

2-1

1 1

1

III...

1-1

1-2

1-2

1-1

-1

IV.

1-1

2-2

2-1

1 i

2

V

I i

2 2

1 2

2 2

1

Connections and differences. — A.fibulata belongs to the section of the Amphiurx
s. str., and must be classified under such Amphiurse as have tentacular pores offering
but a single scale; but it is distinct from all the species of the same group by the
size of the tentacular pores, which contrasts with the reduction of the tentacular
scale; by a second scale occasionally existing on the pores included between the
second and the sixth pair; by the smallest of the upper and under brachial plates;
by the second, third, and fourth brachial spines wliich are often bihamuled or
which offer at least at their ends a little transverse hook; and, lastly, by the slight
development of the external oral papilla.

There is no possibility of A.fibulata having any affinity either with A.flexuosa
Ljungman, owing to the presence of plates on the under face of the disk and to the
shape of the brachial spines; or with A. palmeri Lyman, the spines of which are
not bihamuled; moreover, the mouth shields and the external oral papilla of the
latter are of a different shape.

Owing to the presence of two tentacular scales on the first pores, although
their pxesence be occasional, one might perhaps look for some affinity of A.fibulata
with such species as have the under face of the disk covered with scales and which
possess two tentacular scales on a more or less extended part of the length of the
arms. Under such conditions, the species to which A. fibulata would be more
closely allied is A. bihamula H. L. Clark, owing to the nature of the spines, but it
differs from the latter species through the plates of the under face of the disk not
being closely joined, but on the contrary remaining wider and looser than on the
upper face; it also differs from it through the radial shields being shorter and wider,

OPHIURANS OF UNITED STATES NATIONAL MUSEUM. 59

through the upper braclu'al plates being narrower, and, lastly, through the slight
development of the tentacular scale, which is always single beyond the first five or
six brachial articles, while it remains double, in A. Inhamula, on two-thirds of the
length of the arms.

I have described recently, under the name of A. Tcukenfhali (13, p. 386), an
Amphiura, the under face of the disk of which is covered with fine and regular
scaling, extending uninterruptedly until it joins the upper plates, an arrangement
very different from the one observed in A.fibulata. In this new species, the brachial
spines, which come after the first ventral one, bear at their ends a well-developed
distal hook, and sometimes also a little proximal hook, wliich give to some of the
specimens a bihamuled appearance, though never so clear as that of A.fibulata or
of A. Inhamula; besides, the two tentacular scales are most regularly continued on
the longest part of the arms. In short, the two species are altogether different
from eacli other.

I have found in the collections of the United States National Museum a small
A. Tcukenihali, which I mention below.

AMPHIURA KUKENTHALI Kcchlcr.

Amphiura kukenihali KCEHLER (13), p. 396, pi. 20, figs. 1-4.

Key West, Florida. One specimen.

The specimen is of very small size and the diameter of the disk does not exceed
4.5 mm., but it entirely agrees with the larger specimens from the West Indies,
from which I have just described the species. It was associated with other Ophi-
urans: Amphiura abdita, Amphiura stimpsoni, Ophionereis reticulata, and Ophio-
stigma isacanthum.

AMPHIVRA COMPLANATA Ljungman.

Plate 5, figs. 3-6.

Amphiura complanata LJUNGMAN (66), p. 319.
Amphiura complanata LJUNGMAN (71), p. 642.

Albatross station 2762. December 30, 1887. Lat. 23° 08' S. ; long. 41 ° 34' W. ;
59 fathoms; bu. m.; temp. 57.1° F. Several specimens.

A very short description of tliis species, which, however, is sufficient to recognize
it, has been published by Ljungman. I wanted, nevertheless, to compare my
specimens with the type which is preserved in the Stockholm Museum, and which
has been most obligingly communicated to me by Professor The"el. Ljungman's
description being very short, I think it useful to describe the species with a few
more details from the specimens gathered by the Albatross.

The diameter of the disk generally varies from 7 to 8 mm., and it can reach
10 and 11 mm. In some examples, the disk of which is 10 mm. wide, the length of
the arms is from 75 to 80 mm.

The disk is flattened, rather thick, strongly excavated in the interradial spaces,
and it also shows some sharp notches above the insertion of the arms. The upper
face is covered with numerous, small, unequal, and imbricated plates which are
smaller at the center and toward the margin in the interradial spaces, and, on the
contrary, larger near the radial shields. On the samples of small or middling size,
may be seen a rosette of six primary plates ; the centro-dorsal one is rounded and

60 BULLETIN 84, UNITED STATES NATIONAL MUSEUM.

separated by several rows of small plates from the primary radial ones, which are
smaller than the former. The plates grow larger toward the radial shields, as
well without as within these shields, and they separate the two shields of each
pair by several rows. The radial shields are elongated, with a straight radial side
and a convex interradial side; they offer a narrow distal side and a rather sharp
proximal angle. Their length is inferior to half the radius of the disk and they are
about three times longer than wide. These shields are hardly contiguous distally
and they afterwards separate divergently; it even happens sometimes, with the
largest specimens, that the shields remain distally separated by a narrow interval.

The very minute plates of the margin of the disk extend uninterruptedly over
to the under face, where they remain small, very thick, and strongly imbricated ;
they are, even, sometimes more or less erect. The genital slits are fairly wide.

The mouth shields are elongated, longer than wide. They are often lozenge-
shaped, with a truncated distal angle, and the widest part is more distant from the
proximal angle than from the distal side. It may also happen that the shields
offer a chief triangular part, almost as long as wide, and that the distal edge then
presents in its middle a more or less protruding rounded lobe. The adoral plates
are triangular, very thin inwardly, and hardly contiguous on the interradial median
line; they are very strongly widened outwardly with more or less concave sides.
The oral plates are small. The external oral papilla is conical, spiniform, with an
obtuse end which is obliquely erect; the internal papilla is thick, conical, and has
its end more or less truncated. A third intermediary papilla, which is thinner
than the preceding ones, conical and pointed, is seen on a slightly higher level.

The upper brachial plates are large, much wider than long, with a rounded
proximal side, a wide and very convex distal side which is slightly protruding
in its middle; the lateral sides are narrow. The proximal and lateral edges often
are not very distinct from each other; the plate then takes an almost biconvex
shape with a rounded distal side showing in its middle a more protruding part.

The first under brachial plate is small, trapezoidal, with a rounded and narrow
distal side, a widened proximal side, and divergent lateral sides. The succeeding
ones are pentagonal, rather small, with a very small proximal angle, slightly exca-
vated lateral sides and a straight or slightly excavated distal side. These plates are
a little wider than long; they are all contiguous.

The lateral plates bear each six and even seven spines at the basis of the arms.
The first ventral spine is cylindrical, swollen at its basis, with a rounded end which
slightly exceeds the article. The length of the other spines rapidly decreases
down to the last dorsal. The second spine, at least as much developed as the first,
begins, at a small distance from the disk, to show at its end a bent and hyaline hook
which becomes very strong and joins the spine by a rather well-marked but broadly
rounded angle. The other spines are cylindrical with rounded ends, except the
last dorsal one, which is rather strongly flattened. The very peculiar character of
the second ventral spine was not pointed out by Ljungman in his first description,
but in the table of Amphiuridro, which he published in 1871, he says, "proxima ad
infimam geniculata . ' '

The tentacular scales, mounting to two, are small, subequal, and lying at a
right angle to each other.

OPHIUKANS OF UNITED STATES NATIONAL MUSEUM. 61

Ljungman's type was gathered by Kinberg, at lat. 22° 30' S. and long. 40°
55' W.; as there is no indication of the depth, the example most likely came from a
littoral station; we see that this station is very near the one where the Albatross
found the species. I do not think that A. complanata has been met with elsewhere
since the time when Ljungman described it.

AMPHIURA OTTERI Ljungman.
Plate 8, figs. 5-9.

Amphiura otteri LJUNGMAN (71), p. 631.
Amphiura otteri LYMAN (78), p. 32.
Amphiura otteri LYMAN (82), p. 128.
Amphiura otteri LYMAN (83), p. 252.
Amphiura otteri VEURILL (85), p. 548.
Amphiura otteri KCEHLER (07), p. 302.

Albatross station 2003. Off Cape Hatteras; 641 fathoms. Three small speci-
mens the diameter of the disks of which ranges between 6 and 7 mm.; the arms
are about 50 to 60 mm. long, but they are generally incomplete; the disks are,
however, in good condition.

Albatross station 2838. May 5, 1888. Off Lower California, lat. 28° 12'00" N.,
long. 115° 09' 00" W.; 44 fathoms; gn. m. Two specimens. In one of them
the disk is 12 mm. in diameter and the arms are broken off near the basis. The
second sample is in a better state, the diameter of the disk is 10 mm., the arms are
preserved to about 90 mm.; besides, there are in the jar some arm pieces which
are 170 mm. long.

Fish Hawk station 898. Off mouth of Chesapeake Bay; 300 fathoms; mud;
temp. 44° F. Two specimens. The diameter of the more or less damaged disks
ranges between 9 and 10 mm.; and the arms are preserved to lengths varying between
15 and 50 mm.

Speedwell station 186. August 31, 1878. Eastern point of Gloucester Harbor;
about 110 fathoms; muddy. One dry specimen from which the upper face has been
taken away; the arms are broken about 20 mm. from their basis.

If we look over the bibliography of A. otteri we will ascertain that we do not
possess very complete information concerning this species. Ljungman's description
is, as usual, rather concise and very short; Verrill added some remarks in 1885.
Lyman, who had several specimens of this same species at his disposal and who was
able to compare it with Ljungman's type, added nothing to our knowledge. In his
synoptical table of Amphiurse published in the Reports of the Challenger (82, p. 123)
this author classifies A. otteri among the species of Amphiurse, s. str., in which
both faces of the disk are covered with plates and which at the same time possess
two tentacular scales and elongated arms; he characterizes it by the presence of
six spines, the most inferior of which is the longest, and one of which is bent. I
should like to have given in 1907 more complete information about this species
when reviewing the ophiurans of the Paris Museum, which owns a specimen of A.
otteri from the dredgings of the BlaJce, but owing to the poor state of the under
face, which had been damaged by foreign bodies, I was unable to completely recog-
nize the characters of this specimen, and could do no more than represent its upper
face. (07, pi. 11, fig. 19.)

62 BULLETIN 84, UNITED STATES NATIONAL MUSEUM.

The material which is now in my possession has enabled me to make a more
detailed study of A. otteri, and I am able to add a few complementary facts to the
characters already known for this species. I am satisfied that my determinations
are correct, for I have been able to compare the specimens of the United States
National Museum with the two types of Ljungman, which were most kindly com-
municated to me by Professor The" el.

The characters of the upper face of the disk are sufficiently well known. I have
given a drawing of that face, which, no doubt, is schematic, and I reproduce here
photographs of one of Ljungman's types, neither of which is, unfortunately, in
a perfect state of preservation (pi. 8, figs. 5 and 6). The radial shields of this are
elongated and fairly thin, but in the large specimens of the Albatross, as in those
from station 2838, they are much wider. The under face is covered in the inter-
radial spaces with plates which, in the larger specimens, are extremely thick and
strongly imbricated, so much so that they are more or less obliquely erect.

In Ljungman's type, a photograph of which I give on plate 8, fig. 6, the
mouth shields are noticeable through the presence, on the middle of then: distal side,
of a very well-shaped, wide, and rounded lobe, which strongly protrudes in the
interradial space. Ljungman had simply said about it: " scuta oralia quadrangula
marginibus adoralibus convexis marginibusque aboralibus excavatis." In short,
these shields are a little longer than wide and their chief triangular part is followed
by a wide and protruding distal lobe. I do not find exactly that shape in the
specimens which were sent to me by the National Museum, or, at least, I find
some variations which I think should be noted. In the best preserved specimen,
from station 898 (Chesapeake Bay) and which I have represented in plate 8, fig. 7,
there is also a very large distal lobe, and therefore the shields are a little longer than
wide, almost lozenge-shaped, with a rather obtuse proximal angle and a strongly
rounded distal angle. In the other specimens the distal lobe is confused with
the rest of the shield; the latter consequently shows an ovoid form and is longi-
tudinally elongated, with rounded proximal and distal angles; sometimes the latter
angle is somewhat truncated so as to form a little distal edge. However, on the
smaller specimen from station 2838 (diameter of the disk, 10 mm.), the mouth shields
again display a chief portion which is triangular and a distal lobe which is wide and
distinct. The shape of the mouth shields observed on Ljungman's type does not
seem to me to be maintained in a very constant manner, and the distal part may be
more or less confused with the rest of the shield, instead of forming a distinct lobe.

The shape of the external oral papilla has been correctly indicated by the
authors and it is always found with the same characters : strong, conical, elongated,
and obliquely erect.

The arms are extremely long and rather flattened. The upper brachial plates
are very large and triangular. On Ljungman's type they display a very obtuse
proximal angle and a strongly convex, sinuous distal side, which forms in its middle
a rounded and more or less conspicuous swelling (pi. 8, fig. 9). It is perhaps not
quite accurate to say that these plates are "late quadrangula angulis rotundatis
marginibus aboralibus excavatis, adoralibus convexis." A rather neighboring shape
is observed on the two specimens from station 898, but the distal edge is simply
convex without the little median swelling, the proximal angle is strongly obtuse,

OPHIUBANS OF UNITED STATES NATIONAL MUSEUM. 63

and one may distinguish very short lateral sides. These sides become more con-
spicuous on the larger specimen from station 2838, while the proximal angle opening
up to 180° is replaced by a distinct side; the lateral margins are divergent and the
distal side, very wide and rounded, is sometimes simply convex, sometimes provided
with a little median lobe. In a general way, the upper brachial plates are small
and narrow at the beginning of the arms, and then they progressively become wider
and wider.

The shape of the under brachial plates has been correctly indicated by Ljung-
man; they are pentagonal, with a truncated proximal angle, and they are somewhat
longer than wide (pi. 8, fig. 8). I find again the same shape on all my specimens,
but on the smaller example from station 2838 I notice that the proximal angle is
more truncated and forms a little proximal side, whereas, on the larger sample from
the same station, this angle becomes so much truncated that there is a distinct
proximal side, and the plates then take a rectangular shape, which they preserve
on the whole length of the arms.

Ljungman states that the spines amount to six or seven at the basis of the arms,
and Vcrrill says that this number may amount to eight on the largest specimens.
In most cases I have observed seven. The first spine is conical, thick at the basis,
with a rounded point, and its length exceeds that of the article. The second one is
almost as long, and afterwards the length decreases with the following ones down to
the last dorsal, which is smaller than the article; the last dorsal spines are also
somewhat flattened. The second ventral spine is very slightly incurved, and it
most often carries at its end a few exceedingly fine spinules. Generally one of
these spinules, located at the distal angle of the spine end, is more developed than
the others, and then it constitutes a very small lateral hook, which, however, always
remains very short; a like structure may also bo observed on the two following
spines. This hook is more or less apparent according to the specimens. I observe
it chiefly on the two specimens from station 898 and on the three specimens from
station 2003.

A. otteri has been reported by Ljungman off the Portuguese coasts (lat. 38° 7'
N.; long. 9° 18' W.; 550 fathoms). The Blake has found it again in the Caribbean
Sea between 175 and 576 fathoms ; the Challenger has dredged it between 900 and
1 ,250 fathoms, and, according to Verrill, this species reaches, at Marthas Vineyard,
as far down as 1,608 fathoms.

AMPHITJRA GRANDISQUAMA Lyman.

See for bibliography:
Koehler (09), p. 177.

Albatross station 2415. Apr. 1, 1885. Lat. 85° 30' 44" N.; long. 79° 26' W.;
440 fathoms; co. crs. s. sh. for.; temp. 45.6° F. One specimen.

Albatross station 2625. Oct. 21, 1885. Lat. 32° 35' N.; long. 77° 30' W.;
247 fathoms; gy. s. bk. sp. Nine specimens.

Albatross station 2666. May 5, 1886. Lat. 30° 47' 30" N.; long. 79° 49' W.;
270 fathoms; gy. s.; temp. 48.3° F. Three specimens.

Albatross station 2753. Dec. 4, 1887. Lat. 13° 34' N.; long. 61° 03' W.;
281 fathoms; bk. s.; temp. 48° F. One specimen.

64 BULLETIN 84, UNITED STATES NATIONAL MUSEUM.

AMPHIURA STIMPSONI Ltttken.
Plate 7, figs. 1-2.

Amphiura stimpsoni LUTKEN (59), p. 116.
Amphiura stimpsoni LJUNGMAN (66), p. 320.
Amphiura stimpsoni LJUNOMAN (71), pp. 631-634.
Amphiura stimpsoni LYMAN (75), p. 4, pi. 5, fig. 66.
Amphiura stimpsoni LYMAN (82), pp. 124-143.
Amphiura stimpsoni LYMAN (83), p. 252.
Amphiura gtimpsoni MARKTANNER (87), p. 299.
Amphiura stimpsoni H. L. CLARK (01), p. 247.

Key West. Six specimens.

In one of these specimens the diameter of the disk is about 4 mm. ; the others
are smaller, the diameter of their disks being comprised between 3.5 and 2 mm.

I have been able to compare with these two specimens the two examples in the
Copenhagen Museum which were used as types by Liitken and which were most
kindly communicated to me by Doctor Mortensen ; I have ascertained their agree-
ment, excepting very slight differences in the shape of the mouth shields. In
Liitken's two specimens, the mouth shields are almost triangular, as long as wide,
with a fairly sharp proximal angle and a very convex distal side. In my own
specimens, I sometimes observe the same shape, but most often the proximal angle
is obtuse and rounded, as is the case with the sample photographically reproduced
in pi. 7. These shields always remain as long as wide, or sometimes they are very
slightly wider than long. The brachial spines amounting to five, are rough, as
stated by Lutken, and I find that the small rugosities have even a tendency to
develop a little at the end of the spines, and more so on the second ventral one.

Among the authors who, after Lutken, have given some indications regarding
A. stimpsoni, I can quote only Lyman and Marktanner, but the information given
by these two writers is not in accordance with Liitken's description. Lyman
published (in 1875) a scheme of the under face on which the mouth shields are repre-
sented with a very elongated oval shape; moreover, Marktanner writes that the
two dorsal spines have a little aboral hook and that the mouth shields are cordiform,
a little longer than wide. Now, these characters, it is evident, do not agree with
those observed by me, not only on my own specimens, but on Liitken's two examples,
and, in particular, the shape of the mouth shields as represented by Lyman, is
altogether incorrect; I am in doubt whether the two above-named writers dealt
with the same species.

Liitken suggested that A. stimpsoni was a younger form; this is quite possible,
but I do not see to which of the known AmpJiiurse of the West Indies it might
correspond. I have compared my examples with very young A. kukenfhali, gathered
at St. Thomas by Messrs. Kukenthal and Hartmeyer, and I find that the latter
possess two tentacular scales, wider upper brachial plates, stronger mouth shields,
and their second ventral spine at least already bears its characteristic hook;
moreover, the mouth shields have a different shape, for they are elongated and
pyriform. Evidently A. stimpsoni does not represent a younger form of A.
Tcukenthali.

One might also compare A. stimpsoni with the Amphiura which I have described
above under the name of A. fibulata, taking as a basis the fact that the latter has

OPHIUBANS OF UNITED STATES NATIONAL MUSEUM. 65

two tentacular scales only on a few of its first brachial articles, but the scales dis-
played on the under face of the disk of A. fibulata are ill-shaped and different
from those of the upper face, its spines are plainly bihamuled and the mouth shields
are elongated ; there is not the slightest connection between the two species.

A. stimpsoni has been reported by Liitken and by Ljungman at various littoral
stations of the West Indies. H. L. Clark has noted it at Porto Rico, and, according
to Lyman, the Blake collected it at Barbados at a depth of 69 fathoms.

AMPHItTRA MAGELLANICA Lyman.

See for bibliography:
Koehler (08), p. 79.

Albatross station 2770. Jan. 16, 1888. Lat. 48° 37' S.; long. 65° 46' W.; 58
fathoms; gy. s. bk. sp.

Four specimens with fragments of the arms. All of them are of rather small
size, and, in the largest of them, the diameter of the disk is 5 mm.

AMPHIURA DIDUCTA, new species.

Plate 7, figs. 6-7.

Albatross 1885, off Havana. No depth mentioned. One specimen.

Type— Cat. No. 32294, U.S.N.M.

The disk is a little over 5 mm. in diameter; the arms are all incomplete; the
largest is preserved up to a length of 17 mm.

The disk is pentagonal and pretty deeply excavated in the interradial spaces.
The upper face is depressed centrally as well as in the middle of the interradial
spaces. It is covered with small imbricated plates, subequal, and growing a little
larger only in the vicinity of the radial shields ; there is not the slightest indication of
primary plates. The radial shields are well developed and elongated, three and a
half times longer than wide, with an almost straight internal side and a convex
external side; they are in contact distally at their distal angles and a little divergent
proximally. The two shields of each pan- are separated by a chief range of elongated
plates which are succeeded by two other ranges of narrower plates. Their length is
equal to about half the radius of the disk.

The under face is completely bare. The genital slits are fairly wide.

The mouth shields, of middle size, are lozenge-shaped, as long as wide or a little
longer than wide, with a fairly opened proximal angle limited by two straight sides,
two lateral sides and a distal margin which is rounded or a little truncated. The
adoral plates are triangular, broadly widened without, narrowed, and in contact
within. The oral plates are small and short. The two oral papillae on each side
have almost the same shape; the external one, thick, short, and conical, obliquely
erect; the internal one, a little more obtuse. Between these two papillae there is on
a higher level another papilla which is thinner, conical, and pointed.

The upper brachial plates are small and narrow, somewhat longer than wide
at the basis of the arms, with a narrow proximal margin, a strongly convex distal
margin, and lateral borders, divergent and rounded. These plates afterwards
become almost as long as wide; they are all in contact.

The first under brachial plate is very small, strongly narrowed in its distal
region between the extremities of the adjacent adoral plates which lie very close

66 BULLETIN 84, UNITED STATES NATIONAL MUSEUM.

together, and it becomes a little wider proximally. The succeeding plates are at
first quadrangular with well-rounded angles, and a little longer than wide; they
then become pentagonal, with a truncated proximal angle, although they still remain
somewhat longer than wide.

The lateral brachial plates, fairly wide, each bear seven spines and sometimes
eight at the basis of the arms. These spines are short, nearly equal and their
length is next to that of the article; however, the dorsal spines grow slightly shorter
down to the last ones. They are slightly flattened and their surface is rough. The
lateral spines, and above all the second under spine, are often provided near the
rounded end, with two very small diverging denticulations which give them a
bihamuled appearance, but this structure is always little developed; sometimes
the small denticulations appear on one side only.

The single tentacular scale is thin but fairly long, conical, with an obtuse point;
its length does not reach half the corresponding under brachial plate.

Connections and differences. — A. diducta belongs to the group of the AmpTiiurse,
s. str., which possess but one tentacular scale and have the under face of their disks
bare. It differs from the forms of that group which, by the way, are few, in having
numerous brachial spines, large and elongated radial shields and also a fairly long
tentacular scale; I see no species to which it might be allied.

AMPHIPHOLIS (-AMPH1URA) SQUAMATA (Delle Chiaje).

See for bibliography:

Koehler (OS), p. 179.

Sussbach and Breckner (11), p. 253.

Koehler (13), p. 356.

Albatross station 2645. Apr. 9, 1886. Lat. 25° 46' 30" N.; long. 80° 02' W.;
157 fathoms; gn. s.; temp. 43.4° F. One little specimen.
Key West, Florida. One little specimen.

AMPHIPHOLIS (-AMPHIURA) TENUISPINA Ljuogman.

See for bibliography:

Kcehler (98), p. 53, pi. 6, figs. 22-23.

Albatross station 2619. Oct. 20, 1885. Lat. 33° 38' N.; long. 77° 36' W.;
15 fathoms; crs. yl. s. brk. sp. rot. co. One specimen.

The sample, which is of very small size, is identical with the one which Verrill
represented (85, pL 20, fig. 53).

AMPHIPHOLIS (-AMPHIT7RA) GRACILLIMA (Stimpson).

Amphiura gracillima LYMAN (65), p. 116.
Amphiura gracillima LYMAN (75), pi. 5, fig. 70.
Amphiura gracillima LYMAN (82), p. 146.

Fish Hawk station 7109. Mar. 29, 1901. Tampa Bay, Florida; 6$ fathoms;
mud; temp. 20.5° C. Two specimens.

In both specimens the upper face of the disk has been torn away, but the
characters of the mouth pieces and of the arms allow, however, the determination of
the species with all the certainty which one might wish for.

OPHIURANS OF UNITED STATES NATIONAL MUSEUM. 67

The arms, very slender, are extremely long and their length may even exceed
10 centimeters. I observe but three brachial spines even at the basis of the arms.
A. gracittima has been met with on the coast of South Carolina.

AMPHIODIA OAMPHIURA) ERECTA, new species.

Plate 6, figs. 4-7.

Allalross station 2136. Feb. 29, 1884. Off Cape Hatteras. Lat. 17° 43' 40'
N.; long. 75° 38' 25" W.; 52 fathoms; co. brk. sh. Two specimens.

Type.—C&t. No. 32295, U.S.N.M.

In the larger specimen the disk is somewhat oval and its diameter ranges
between 6 and 7 mm. The arms are twisted so that it is impossible to measure
exactly their length; two of them are entire and they could not have exceeded about
35 mm. The second specimen is much smaller and the diameter of its disk does
not exceed 3 mm., but the arms are comparatively longer and their length ranges
between 35 and 40 mm. I will describe this species from the larger specimen.

The disk is rounded and not at all notched in the interradial spaces. The upper
face is covered with middle-sized plates, which are fairly thick, a little unequal, little
imbricated, and become somewhat larger in the neighborhood of the radial shields;
there is not the slightest indication of primary plates. At the margin of the disk
certain plates carry a short, wide, and flattened spine with a rounded end; these
spines vary in number, but are always few, six or eight in each interradius, and they
do not form an interrupted row; most generally they are not observed until about
the middle of the interradial spaces, but in one of these spaces they extend to near
the radial shields. Some of these spines, shorter than the others, even seem to be
a direct extension of the plate which stands erect ; it then becomes difficult to tell
whether we have to deal here with a spine in the proper sense of the word or with a
small plate which stands erect. It is not so with the smaller specimen, where the
spines are more numerous and lying closer, and generally form a more regular row;
they are comparatively longer and more developed and consequently more distinct
than in the larger specimen. The radial shields are small and contiguous over most
of their length along their radial edge, which is straight, while the interradial side is
strongly convex; they are separated proximally on the fourth or third part of their
total length by a very narrow space. These shields are about three times longer
than wide, their length being equal to about one-third of the disk radius.

The plates of the upper face of the disk extend without interruption on the under
face which they cover entirely, and where they appear imbricated, rounded, and
subequal. The genital slits are narrow.

The mouth shields, much elongated, are at least twice longer than wide; they
are lozenge-shaped, or more exactly suggest the shape of a boot sole, and their
widest part is somewhat nearer the distal than the proximal end. They offer a
very rounded and wide proximal angle, two antero-lateral sides which join by obtuse
and more or less protruding angles, the two posterior edges which are excavated;
the latter are united by an angle, which is also quite rounded and wide and in
general truncated so as to represent a short distal side. The adoral plates, located
almost entirely on the sides of the mouth shields, have the shape of an elongated
and narrow triangle, with the three sides more or less excavated; these plates are

68 BULLETIN 84, UNITED STATES NATIONAL MUSEUM.

extremely narrowed inwardly, and they are not contiguous on the interradial median
line; they grow wider outwardly, but nevertheless remain widely separated from the
opposite plate by the first under brachial plate. The oral plates are small and
triangular. The oral papillas amount to three on each side; they are rather obtuse
and have about the same shape; the middle one is, however, a little smaller than
the other two, the external one is a little widened and triangular, the internal one
is more elongated but not very thick; these three papillae are contiguous and they
form a regular row. In the smaller specimen they are uniform, rather short, and
flattened.

The upper brachial plates are extremely large and very much widened, almost
three times wider than long; they are quadrangular, with a slightly rounded proximal
side, an almost straight or even slightly depressed distal side, and short lateral sides,
which join the two other sides by rounded angles. They are all widely contiguous.

The first under brachial plate is fairly large, transversely widened, trapezoidal,
with a narrow proximal side, a wider distal side and lateral sides which are divergent
and excavated. The succeeding plates are very large, pentagonal, much wider than
long, with a very obtuse and rounded proximal angle, slightly divergent lateral sides
joining by rounded angles the distal side, which is wide and generally a little notched
in the middle; the proximal angle may even completely disappear on the first plates,
which then become quadrangular. All these plates are contiguous.

The lateral plates, little protruding, each bear three subequal spines which are
equal to the article; they are wide, flattened, with a plainly rounded end. -

The tentacular scales lie at a right angle; they are equal and semicircular.

The color of the specimens in alcohol is whitish. One can detect, on the upper
face of the arms in the larger specimen, a median longitudinal line of a very light
brown, and here and there some slightly darker annulations, each of which covers
two articles.

Connections and differences. — Owing to the arrangement of the oral papillae,
which are three in number and subequal, this Amphiura pertains 'to the section
Amphiodia of .Verrill. It can not be mistaken for A. liiikeni (Ljungman), which
bears, on the margin of the disk, some conical, elongated, and sharp-pointed spines,
and has its disk covered with very fine plates; the radial shields and the two tentac-
ular scales are more developed in this species than in A. erecta, and the arms are
extremely long. Further on I shall deal with A. liiikeni, which also must be classified
in the section Amphiodia.

A. erecta closely resembles A. nisei Liitken, to which is it akin by the shape of
the mouth shields and by the upper and under brachial plates being very wide; but
the former differs from the latter by some short, obtuse, and flattened spines standing
at the margin of the disk, as well as by the radial shields, and also the upper plates
of the disk being smaller, the adoral plates being narrower and more elongated, and
the brachial spines being a little longer.

As I wanted, nevertheless, to compare my species more thoroughly with A. riisei,
I have been temporarily entrusted, thanks to the kindness of Mortensen, with the
specimen which was first described by Liitken under the name of A. cordifera,
and to which he gave, afterwards, the name of A. riisei. I can add a few
remarks to Liitken's description. The plates of the upper face of the disk of

OPHIUBANS OF UNITED STATES NATIONAL MUSEUM. 69

A. nisei are very large and they have been exactly figured by Liitken, but I observe
that, on the margin of the disk, the plates which are succeeded by those of the
under face have a tendency to stick up as they do in the genus OpTiiophragmus,
and some of them even elongate to some extent, an arrangement which tends to
form a transition toward that which we see in A. erecta, where there are actual
spines; I even find in the A. riisei specimen, at about the middle of one of the
interradii, two very distinct little spines which are visible only from the Ophiuran's
under face. The mouth shields are a little narrower and more elongated than is
shown in Liitken's drawing, where the adoral plates are short and fairly thick;
a shape which is consequently altogether different from the one we see in A. erecta.
The first brachial under plate is broadly widened, and wider than in A. erecta, a shape
which corresponds to the shortness of the adoral plates.

Lxitken has not mentioned the special character displayed on his specimen
by the second brachial spine of the first eight or nine articles, that is to say, up to
or a little beyond the margin of the disk ; each of these conical spines bear at their
obtuse end a crown of very short little spinules, which are conical and with rounded
points ; this crown progressively disappears and is no more visible beyond the disk.
I give here a photograph of the under face of the specimen from the Copenhagen
Museum (pi. 6, fig. 3).

A. atra (Stimpson) is also very near A. erecta; it differs from it, as does A. riisei,
in having wider mouth shields, smaller brachial spines, separated under brachial
plates, wider adoral plates, and no spines on the disk.1

AMPHIODIA (=AMPHIURA) LttTKENI (Ljungman).

Plate 6, figs. 1-2.
Amphipholis lutkeni LJUNGMAN (71), p. 631.

When describing, above, AmpJiiura erecta, I referred to A. lutkeni because
it also has spines at the margin of the disk. We know that A. lutkeni has been
described by Ljungman from a single specimen found at Tortola, at a depth of
10 fathoms. Having had the opportunity to examine Ljungman's original specimen,
which was most kindly lent me by Professor Th6el, I can add a few additional facts
to Ljungman's description, and I also reproduce two illustrations representing
the upper and under faces of this species, which does not appear to have been either
seen or mentioned since 1871.

The disk is 6 mm. in diameter. The arms are extremely long; their length
can not be exactly measured because they are more or less twisted, but they certainly
exceed 80 mm.

The disk is pentagonal, slightly excavated in the interradial spaces ; its outline
is somewhat irregular in the single specimen which I have in hand. The upper face
is covered with small, subequal, thin, and imbricated plates, among which no
primary plates can be distinguished; they become a little stronger near the radial
shields and near the margin of the disk in the interradial spaces. On this same
margin are seen a certain number of fairly strong, elongated, conical, and pointed
spines which are sometimes bent; there are also about 10 such spines in each inter-

i While this memoir was passing through the press I received from the United States National Museum three specimens of
A . riiiei in a rather bad state; the words on the label were almost erased and I am unable to indicate their origin.

70 BULLETIN 84, UNITED STATES NATIONAL MUSEUM.

radius. The radial shields are narrow, elongated, almost four times longer than
wide, with a convex internal side and a sharply pointed proximal apex. Their
length is inferior to half the radius of the disk; distally, they are contiguous on
about one-third of their length, and, proximally, they are separated by a few rows
of plates, but they are not very divergent.

The under face of the disk is covered all over with very thin, imbricated, and
equal plates, which uninterruptedly succeed those of the upper face. The genital
slits are narrow.

The mouth shields are lozenge-shaped and longer than wide, with four equal
sides and rounded angles, especially the lateral angles, which are very obtuse. The
adoral plates, of middling size, are triangular, with three more or less concave sides ;
they are widened outwardly, and one can see a thin blade which separates the mouth
shield from the first lateral brachial plate. The oral plates are low. The oral
papillae, amounting to three, are subequal, short, rather thick with a blunt point;
the internal papilla, however, is a little more elongated than the other two.

One can scarcely distinguish on the middle of the upper face of the arms
the dark longitudinal line indicated by Ljungman. The dorsal plates are large
and extremely wide, at least three times wider than long, with an almost straight
proximal side, a wider distal side, which is sometimes a little depressed in its middle,
and strongly rounded lateral sides joining the two other sides by angles which
are also rounded. These plates are sometimes split into two lateral halves by a
furrow near their middle, and sometimes the number of pieces is even larger, owing
to there being two or three irregular furrows. All these plates are contiguous.

The first under brachial plate is fairly long, triangular, with a truncated proximal
angle and a strongly convex distal side. The succeeding ones are pentagonal,
much wider than long, with a very obtuse and rounded proximal angle, and straight
sides which meet by rounded angles.

The lateral plates are little protruding. They carry three fairly wide, flattened
slightly lanceolate spines, the point of which is obtuse and rough ; these spines are
about the same length and they equal the article.

The tentacular scales, two in number, are subequal and rather large; the exter-
nal scale, supported by the lateral brachial plate, is rounded ; the internal one, which
is inserted on the ventral plate, is more elongated.

A, lufkeni has been classified by Ljungman in the genus Amphipholis which,
according to him, included such species as have three oral papillae on each side, the
external papilla being either wider or narrower than the other two. As, in
A. lufkeni, the three papillae are subequal, this species must be placed in the section
Amphiodia of Verrill.

AMPHIODIA (=AMPHIURA) PtTLCHELLA (Lyman).

Amphiura pulchella LYMAN (69), p. 337.
Amphiura pulchella LJUNOMAN (71), p. 648.
Amphiura pulchella LYMAN (75), pi. 5, fig. 75.
Amphlura pulchella LYMAN (82), pp. 125 and 147.
Amphiodia pulchella H. L. CLARK (01), p. 248.

Albatross station 2765. Jan. 12, 1885. Lat. 36° 43' S.; long. 56° 23' W.;
10.5 fathoms; s. brk. sh. Five specimens.

OPHIURANS OF UNITED STATES NATIONAL MUSEUM. 71

Albatross', Port Castries, Santa Lucia. One specimen.

Dry Tortugas, Florida. Seven specimens.

The description which Lyman gave in 1869, as well as the scheme of the mouth
pieces published by him in 1875, is quite sufficient to make known this species
which belongs to Verrill's Amphiodia section, and is easily identified by the under
face of the disk being covered with scales which succeed those of the upper face,
and by the single tentacular scale. All my examples are in accordance with that
description, except that I do not always find the primary plates to be distinct,
even on small specimens.

A. pulchetta has been met with on the coasts of Florida between 18 and 39
fathoms. H. L. Clark has noted it also at Porto Rico, while it has been taken
at Santa Lucia by the Albatross as well as at Dry Tortugas.

I was greatly surprised to find this species in a tube bearing the label of station
2765, that is to say of a locality lying much farther south of the localities just
mentioned, but there can be no mistake as to the determination as the specimens
altogether agree with the others. If there has been no mistake in the labelling
A. pulchetta extends, consequently, from Florida in the northern hemisphere to
36° south latitude.

AMPHIOPLUS (=AMPHIURA) ABDITA (Verrill).

Amphiura abdita VERRILL, Amer. Journ. Sci., vol. 2, 1871, p. 132.

Amphiwa abdita LYMAN (75), pi. 5, fig. 82.

Amphiura abdita KOSHLER (07), p. 306, pi. 11, figs. 24-25.

Amphiura macilenta VERRILL, Amer. Journ. Sci., vol. 23, 1882, pp. 142 and 408.

Albatross station 2146. Apr. 2, 1884. Lat. 9° 32' N.; long. 79° 54' 30" W.;
34 fathoms; brk. sh. One small specimen.

Albatross station 2242. Sept 26, 1884. Lat. 40° 15' 30" N. ; long. 70° 27' W. ;
58 fathoms; gn. m. ; temp. 51.4° F. Many specimens.

Albatross station 2317. Jan. 15, 1885. Lat. 24° 25' 45" N.; long. 81° 46'
45" W.; 75 fathoms; co.; temp. 75° F. One specimen.

Grampus, June, 1892. One specimen.

West coast of Florida. One specimen.

Key West, Florida. Four specimens.

No Name Key, Florida. Several specimens.

Cedar Keys, Florida. Three specimens.

The specimen from station 2317, the diameter of the disk of which does not
reach 4 mm., is noticeable for its radial shields which are very small, rounded, or
triangular, with rounded angles, about as long as wide; otherwise as in abdita.

Verrill considered it likely that A. macilenta, formerly described by him as a
distinct species, was the young of A. abdita. After having examined two speci-
mens determined by Verrill as A. macilenta, I agree with his conclusion.

AMPHIOPLUS (-AMPHIURA) CUNEATA (Lyman).

Amphiura cuneata LYMAN (82).

Albatross station 2401. Mar. 14, 1885. Lat. 28° 38' 30" N.; long. 85° 52' 30"
W.; 142 fathoms; gn. m. brk. sh. One specimen.
6061°— Bull. 84—14 6

72 BULLETIN 84, UNITED STATES NATIONAL MUSEUM.

Family OPHIOMYCETID^}.

OPHIOMYCES MIRABILIS Lyman.

Plate 3, fig. 6.

Ophiomyces mirabilis LYMAN (69), p. 342.
Ophiomyces mirabilis LJUNGMAN (71), p. 652.
Ophiomyces mirabilis LYMAN (82), p. 242.
Ophiomyces mirabilis LYMAN (83), p. 270.
Ophiomyces mirabilis KCEHLER (07), p. 316.

Albatross station 2644. Apr. 3, 1886. Lat. 25° 40' N.; long. 80° 00' W.; 193
fathoms; gy. s.; temp. 43.4° F. Two specimens.

EisTi Hawk station 7286. Feb. 19, 1902. Lat. 24° 18' N.; long. 81° 47'
45" W.; 133 fathoms; s.; temp. 53.5° F. One specimen.

Fish Hawk station 7296. Feb. 26, 1902. Lat. 24° 21' 25" N.; long. 81° 47'
45" W.; 122 fathoms; co.; temp. 54° F. Two specimens.

Lyman gave a very good description of 0. mirabilis but he did not illustrate it.
The example from station 2644 is of rather large size but the upper face is entirely
missing; I was able to bring the arms down to the same level and to take a photo-
graph of the under face which I reproduce here (pi. 3, fig. 6).

Family OPHIACANTHID^.

The collection of Ophiurans which was sent me by the United States National
Museum included a fairly large number of Ophiacanthidse, some of which are new,
while the others belong to species already known. Owing to the special difficulties
which are experienced when making determinations in that family, I devoted
myself not only to describing the former, but also, and with special attention, to
the study of the known forms regarding which our knowledge is incomplete. Several
species of the Ophiacanthidse of the American coasts were named long ago by
Verrill, but most of them were described by him in such a summary way that
specialists agree that it is impossible to identify these species, the more so as they
have not been illustrated. I have found in the collection of the National Museum
a few of these species, and I have been able to obtain the cotypes of some others,
but unfortunately I have been unable to borrow all the species which I should like
to have studied. I have also examined with great benefit a few specimens deter-
mined by Liitken or by Ljungman which were most kindly lent me either by Pro-
fessor The'el, of Stockholm, or by my friend Doctor Mortensen, of Copenhagen.
Thanks to these various specimens, I have been able either to ascertain some doubt-
ful determinations or to establish some comparisons, or again to complete, with full
knowledge of the question, some insufficient descriptions. My researches would have
been more complete had I been able to examine a few Atlantic forms such as
Ojjhiacantha cuspidata Lyman, segesta Lyman, and varispina Verrill, the affinities
of which I consider as being somewhat doubtful.

Before beginning with the description of the Ophiacanthidse, I must admit
that I feel somewhat puzzled, aa will be understood by those who have studied the
Ophiurans. The classification of the Ophiacanthidaa now represents an actual chaos,
and the very limits of that family can not be indicated in a sufficiently precise

OPHIUKANS OF UNITED STATES NATIONAL MUSEUM. 73

manner. We should be very thankful to Verrill for trying to establish a primary
classification of these forms and to make in the genus OpTiiacantha some eliminations
which were necessary, owing to the steadily increasing number of the species attrib-
uted to the said genus. Unfortunately, the sections established by Verrill are most
unequal; if some may be preserved, as having the value of genera, others hardly
correspond to subgenera, or they are even very disputable and useless. That is
why Hubert Lyman Clark, when he studied, in 1911, the North Pacific ophiurans in
the collection of the National Museum, was impelled to write: "I am therefore
reluctantly compelled to ignore VerrilTs genera for the present and use OpTiiacantha
in a very wide sense."

In fact, Verrill did use, as a basis for the sections introduced by him, some
characters which, at first sight, seem to have great value, but which practically offer
a very disturbing lack of constancy and accuracy. More especially the respective
size and the mode of arrangement of the oral or dental papillae, the shape of the
adoral plates, and the presence or absence of a distal lobe, which enables the said
adoral plates to separate the mouth shield from the first lateral brachial plate, the
state of the spines which form at the basis of the arms and on each side some rows
which dorsally are more or less approximate, the lesser or greater visibility of the
upper plate of the disk, are, in fact, characters which essentially alter with age,
and are sometimes found to vary in some specimens of the same size. I have
already had occasion several times to call attention to their inconstancy, and I
shall do so again farther on, when describing such species as Ophiacanfha anomala,
0. lidentata, OpTiiomitrella americana, etc. But, on the contrary, I am of the
opinion that the characters of the shape and armature of the tentacular pores, either
oral or brachial, which may vary considerably in shape and be either deprived
of or provided with scales having quite peculiar shapes and disposition, the
presence of genuine granules which extend up to the oral plates, the flattening and
widening of the brachial spines, etc., represent much more valuable structures;
consequently some of the genera established by Verrill, such as OpTiiopora, OpTiio-
limna, OpTiiopristis, seem to me to be perfectly justified. I have myself based
on some characters of the same sort such genera as OpTiiotrema, OpJiiomedea, and
Ophioleda. Verrill had also a very fortunate inspiration when he introduced some
sections (OpTiiacanfheUa, OpTiientrema) for certain forms, as OpTiiacantha troschdi,
tuberculosa, scolopendrica, etc., or when he separated from the genus Ophiomitra the
genus Ophioplinthaca. But how difficult it becomes to establish the limits of such
genera as Ophiotreta, OpTiiectodia, Ophientodia, Ophioscalus, etc. What is more, it
is just as difficult to establish a limit between the genus OpTiiomitrdla, created by
Verrill, and the genus OpTiiacantha, in the restricted meaning he gives to the latter
after having removed from it a whole series of forms, as it used to be to establish a
limit between the genera Ophiacanfha and Ophiomitra, when these two were taken
in a much wider meaning. In fact, when one carefully examines several species
which seem to be attributive to the genus OpTiiacantha, one can not help acknowledg-
ing, the presence, in most cases, on the upper face of the disk of very distinct plates,
if the teguments are somewhat thin, and especially if the specimen is dry. Is it
right, then, because these plates are small, to classify this example as an OpTiiacantha,

74 BULLETIN 84, UNITED STATES NATIONAL MUSEUM.

or, in case they are larger, as an Ophiomitrellaf And which size will be taken as a
standard for marking the limit ? I mention this case because it seems to me to be
one of the most delicate, and because the difficulty caused by it often arises with
the Ophiacanthidse; should the characters given by Verrill to the genus Ophiomitrdla
be very rigorously applied, most of the Ophiacanthse would finally pass over to that
genus.

Therefore, I repeat that some of the genera proposed by Verrill are absolutely
justified and very easy of application, and consequently are worthy of being
preserved; but I must own that in most cases the generic determination of the
Ophiacanthidse is extremely difficult. Without adopting the exclusive use of the
expression Ophiacantha for all the cases, as has been done by H. L. Clark, I shall
often adhere to that expression, putting between brackets the name of the section
proposed by Verrill, in order to give some restriction to the rather extended meaning
of the first name.

OPHIACANTHA ACDLEATA Verrill.

Plate 11, figs. 1-2.

Ophiacantha aculeate. VERRILL (85), p. 547.
Ophiacantha aculeata VERRILL (09), p. 36.
Ophiacantha aculeata VERRILL (99a), pp. 323 and 335.

Albatross station 2105. Nov. 6, 1883. Lat. 37° 50' N.; long. 73° 03' 50" W.;
1,395 fathoms; glob, oz.; temp. 41° F. Seven specimens.

I have been able to confirm my identification by comparison with a specimen
determined by Verrill and coming from station 2725 Gat. 36° 34' N.; long. 73°
48' W.; 1,374 fathoms), and which was lent me by the National Museum. I beg
to point out, on this subject, that 0. aculeata was described by Verrill in 1885 from
some specimens from stations 2034 (depth 1,346 fathoms) and 2105. The speci-
mens which were sent me without a name come from the latter station.

In VerrilTs cotype the diameter of the disk is 12.5 mm. Five out of seven
specimens which I have studied have analogous dimensions, the diameter of the
disk ranging between 12 and 14 mm.; two others are a little larger and their
diameter reaches, respectively, 15 and 17 mm. The arms, which are generally
incomplete, may be very long; in the specimen with the disk 15 mm. wide, one of
the arms, which is entire, exceeds 90 mm., and Verrill states the length of the arms
to be 110 mm.

VerrilTs description is rather short and does not mention certain characters,
such as the shape of the upper and under brachial plates, etc.; and as it is not
accompanied by any drawings, I feel sure that it would not permit of identifying
the species with certainty. I therefore think it best to describe the latter in a more
complete manner and to reproduce at the same time a few photographs of the most
characteristic specimens.

The outline of the disk is rounded. The convex upper face is covered with
rather short stumps two or three times longer than wide, the surface of which is
rough or even displays fine rugosities, and the end of which bears a few short and
diverging spinules. These stumps, which are thick-set, all reach the same height;
they are scattered uniformly over the surface of the disk and they completely hide
the outline of the underlying plates; they also cover up the radial shields which are

OPHIUBANS OF UNITED STATES NATIONAL MUSEUM. 75

invisible. Verrill has pointed out that these stumps were "smaller, longer, and
more slender than in 0. lidentata," with which he connects 0. aculeate.

The under face of the disk, in the interradial spaces, is covered with stumps
which are analogous to those of the upper face but shorter, a little thicker, less
dense, and allowing the outlines of the plates to be seen; they extend as far as
the mouth shields. The genital slits are elongated and narrow.

The mouth shields are rather small and much wider than long, triangular or
lozenge-shaped, with an obtuse proximal angle limited by two straight sides which
meet, by a rounded angle, the distal side, which is more or less convex; the latter
is usually parted into two sides, united by a rounded and protruding angle.
According to the more or less protruding character of this angle, the shield is either
triangular or lozenge-shaped. The adoral plates are elongated, narrow, three or
four times longer than wide, with [almost parallel edges; they send outwardly a
rather narrow blade which separates the mouth shield from the first lateral
brachial plate. The oral plates are fairly large, high, and triangular. The oral
papillae, as a rule, are three on each side ; the external one is flattened and very
much widened, chiefly at its base, but it often has an end which is thinner and
terminates in an obtuse point. Such is, at least, the arrangement which I observe
on the example from station 2725 and which I also find on one of the specimens from
station 2105, the diameter of the disk of which reaches 14 mm. On the others the
arrangement of the oral papillae remains regular at least on certain sides of the
oral angles, but it is more or less altered on other sides. Verrill has pointed
out that "sometimes an additional smaller one [oral papilla] stands out of line,
behind those in the regular row." On the specimen from which I made my descrip-
tion (pi. 11, fig. 2), one of the oral plates carries a supplemental papilla, so that
there are four in all on that side, the external one always keeping the usual widened
form, and the other three being conical and equal ; on another side I notice a little
papilla which lies near the second normal one ; the other eight sides present the usual
arrangement. On two other examples there is on two sides a little supplemental
papilla located between the most external and the preceding one. Finally, in others,
one may find, instead of a single and odd dental papilla, two or three larger or smaller
papillae which, moreover, remain irregular in shape and number in the same speci-
men. In the largest specimen two dental papillae are generally to be noticed,
except on one of the jaws, and besides, sometimes there is a supplemental oral
papilla on the sides, and therefore here is another example worth pointing out of
the variations which the oral and dental papillae of the Ophiacanthidae may offer.
I beg to call attention to these differences owing to the importance given by Verrill,
when he classified the Ophiacanthidae, to the arrangement of these papillae ; in fact
if we strictly observed the diagnoses of the genera or subgenera which he established,
certain specimens from station 2105 ought to be classified in the genus Ophiacantha,
s. str., others in the genus Ophientodia, and a few might be placed indifferently
in one genus or the other, according to which mouth angle one considers.

The arms are long, fairly wide, and not at all monilifonn, although the lateral
brachial plates are fairly protruding; they gradually get narrower up to their ends
and the articles are short. The upper brachial plates are fairly large, triangular,
with an acute proximal angle, and a wide and convex distal side ; they are wider than

76 BULLETIN 84, UNITED STATES NATIONAL MUSEUM.

long. In the large specimens they are contiguous on the first brachial article, then
are separated by an interval which is never very long except in the terminal part
of the arms. On the specimens the disk of which ranges from 12 to 14 mm. in
width, these plates may already be separated from the base of the arms by a narrow
interval.

The first under brachial plate, which is rather small, is triangular with a con-
vex distal side on the small specimens, and pentagonal on the larger ones; it has
in the latter case two distal sides which meet in an obtuse angle, two straight lateral
sides, and a rounded proximal side. The second plate is very large, triangular,
almost twice wider than long, or even wider still; in the larger specimens the
proximal angle is more or less opened, the distal side is very wide and convex; this
second plate is already separated from the first one by the lateral plates. The
succeeding plates are pentagonal with a most obtuse proximal angle, straight lateral
sides, and a very convex distal side; they very rapidly grow narrower though
remaining somewhat wider than long and the interspace between them becomes
longer and longer. At a distance of 2 centimeters from the base of the arms this
space is equal to the length of the said plates but exceeds it in the second half of
the arms.

The lateral brachial plates are fairly protruding and each of them bears eight
spines on the largest samples. These are elongated, rather thin, pointed, and their
length increases from the first ventral one, which is longer than the article, to the
penultimate dorsal one, which reaches two and a half articles, the last one being
often rather smaller than the foregoing one. The surface of these spines may offer
rugosities and even conical denticulations, always fairly short, which appear chiefly
on the ventral and lateral spines and almost completely disappear on the dorsal
ones, the surface of which has simply a rough appearance when seen through the
microscope. The two lateral rows of spines always remain separated from each
other at the base of the arms, and I do not notice that they are, as Verrill says,
"forming an almost continuous band above." The spines become a little shorter
and fewer toward the end of the arms, but the length of the dorsal ones remains
always almost equal to two articles.

The tentacular scale is not very large, but it is a little widened at the base of
the arms ; it is conical and rather pointed on the smaller examples while it becomes
obtuse at the end on the larger ones, and it is often slightly bent; it becomes a
little thinner at a certain distance from the disk. Its surface is rough and there
are even to be seen at its end a few small spinules on the smallest specimens.

The color of the specimens in alcohol is yellowish and the upper face of the disk
is sometimes a little darker. Verrill says that the color of the live animal is light
orange or buff.

Therefore, to sum up, 0. aculeata shows the following main features : The size
is large, since the diameter of the disk reaches 17 mm. in the largest known
specimens; the said disk is rounded, not excavated in the interradial spaces, and
it is covered by small stumps which are fairly elongated and spinulous. The oral
papillae number three on each side, the external one being always widened with
the possible intercalation of a supplemental papilla; the number of tooth papillae
ranges from one to three. The upper brachial plates are large, triangular, fairly

OPHIUBANS OF UNITED STATES NATIONAL MUSEUM. 77

approximated at the base of the arms; the under brachial plates are pentagonal,
middle-sized, always a little wider than long. The brachial spines, amounting to
seven or eight, are hardly echinulated, rather thin, elongated, and the length of the
dorsal ones equals at least two and a half articles. The tentacular scale is middle-
sized with a rather obtuse point in the largest specimens.

I shall refer again to 0. aculeata a little further on when studying 0. fraterna
and 0. meridionalis.

OPHIACANTHA ANOMALA Sars.

Plate 15, figs. 3-5.

Ophiacantha anomala G. O. SABS, Forh. Vidensk. Selsk., 1871, p. 12.

Ophiacantha anomala VERRILL, Amer. Journ. Sci., vol. 16, 1878, p. 214.

Ophiacantha anomala VERRILL, Check list Mar. Invert., 1879, p. 14.

OphiacantJia anomala LYMAN (82), pp. 179 and 198.

Ophiacantha anomala LYMAN (83), p. 260.

Ophiacantha anomala STORM, Kong. Norske Vidensk. Selsk., 1883, p. 10.

Ophiacantha anomala VERRILL (85), p. 547.

Ophiacantha anomala LUDWIG, Sitzb. Akad. Berlin, 1899, p. 21.

Ophiacantha anomala VERRILL (99), p. 36.

Ophiacantha anomala VERRILL (99a), pp. 324, 335, 339.

Ophiacantha anomala MORTENSEN (03), p. 86.

Ophiacantha anomala LUDWIG (04), p. 694.

Ophiacantha anomala MORTENSEN (10), p. 290.

? Ophiacantha nodosa LYMAN (82), p. 192, pi. 22, figs. 1-4.

Albatross station 2068. Sept. 1, 1883. Lat. 42° 03' N.; long. 65° 48' 40" W.;
131 fathoms; s., fne. g., etc.; temp. 42° F. Two specimens.

Albatross station 2663. May 4, 1886. Lat. 29° 39' N.; long. 79° 49' W.;
421 fathoms; br. s.; temp. 42.7° F. One specimen.

Albatross station 2666. May 5, 1886. Lat. 30° 47' 30" N.; long. 79° 49' W.;
270 fathoms; gy. s.; temp. 48.3° F. Two specimens.

Albatross station 2668. May 5, 1886. Lat. 30° 58' 30" N.; long. 79° 38'
30" W.; 294 fathoms; gy. s. dd. co.; temp. 46.3° F. Two specimens.

Albatross station 2669. May 5, 1886. Lat. 31° 09' N.; long. 73° 33' 30" W.;
352 fathoms; gy. s. dd. co.; temp. 43.7° F. One specimen.

Although 0. anomala has often been cited by authors, for it has often been met
with in the northern seas of Europe, and Verrill has reported it, as long ago as 1878,
on the coasts of North America, it is after all little known, and I do not think
anything has ever been added to the original, and by the way, excellent description
which Sars published in 1871 and which was made from a specimen 11 mm. wide.
But I observe, either on the specimens gathered by the Albatross in American seas,
or on those coming from European seaa which were lent to me or which are in
my own collection, such variations as relate chiefly to the age of the examples and
which it is important to note, the more so because some of these differences
apply to the characters which Verrill referred to in order to classify the Ophi-
acanthidae; it will consequently be of value to describe these specimens and to
publish illustrations of some of them.

In the specimens which I have in hand, the diameter of the disk ranges between
12 and 5 mm.; all of them have six arms. The disk is hexagonal, generally a little
excavated in the interradial spaces. In the younger specimens, the upper face

78 BULLETIN 84, UNITED STATES NATIONAL MUSEUM.

offers distinct plates, each of which carries a rather elongated little stump, which
is thick, cylindrical, having a rough surface and its end terminated by a few
elongated spinules which are rather thin and somewhat divergent. One may
generally see ten protruding and more or less visible radial ribs at the end of each
of which there is a li ttle radial triangular shield, which is bare and separated from
the one opposite by a rather narrow interval. On the larger specimens, the
diameter of the disk of which ranges from 8 to 10 or 11 mm., the outlines of the
upper plates become less discernible, though still distinct, and the little stumps
which they carry are shorter and much stronger; the spinules at the ends of the said
stumps are also fewer, shorter, thicker, unequal, and rather erect. The radial
ribs are not always apparent, but one can easily see the very small radial shields,
which are lying fairly close. In the largest specimen which I have studied (station
2668), the diameter of the disk of which reaches 12 mm., the little staves of the upper
face of the disk appear in the form of thick, elongated granules with rough ends, which
at first sight differ from those of the smaller specimens in which the diameter of the
disk does not exceed 5 mm., but which are, nevertheless, connected with the latter
through a set of intermediate forms.

Like arrangements are found again on the under face of the disk in the inter-
radial spaces. The stumps of the plates extend up to the mouth shields and
become progressively smaller and shorter, and at the same time, less rough and less
spinulous.

The shape of the mouth shields varies with age. In the smaller specimens
(plate 15, fig. 5), these shields are in the shape of triangles or lozenges, a little wider
than long, with an obtuse proximal angle and a convex distal side, splitting some-
times into two sides united by a very plainly rounded angle. As the Ophiuran is
growing, the mouth shield becomes longer and it very soon grows to be longer
than wide; it then appears fairly narrow and rather small, wider in its proximal
part than in its distal region, with an exceedingly obtuse proximal angle which
may even reach 180°, converging lateral sides and a very narrow and rounded
distal side (fig. 4). This shape reminds one, as already pointed out by Sars, of
that of the mouth shields of 0. spectabilis. The adoral plates, which are middle-
sized, are short, fairly broad, and have parallel sides. The oral plates are high and
triangular. Sars, in his description, indicates four oral papillae on each side. In
fact, I never find more than three in the young ones; they are thin, very long,
conical, pointed, and have about all the same shape although their thickness
slightly increases from the external to the internal papilla. There is an odd dental
papilla which is stronger than the neighboring papillae, elongated and conical. In
the adult, the number of oral papillae is increased by the intercalation of two, or
even three, supplementary papillae, which break the regular arrangement of the
first papillae with which they are not in line; the result is that the oral papillae
show some variations in number and disposition. Generally speaking, the external
papilla always remains somewhat wider than the others. Moreover, near the
till then single dental papilla, are seen one or two other papillae, so that the jaw
is terminated with dental papillae, the number of which varies from one to three.
Consequently, the specimens which had first presented, by the arrangement of their
oral and dental papillae, the characters of the true Ophiacaniha in the restricted

OPHIUBANS OF UNITED STATES NATIONAL MUSEUM. 79

meaning adopted by Verrill, afterwards take on the characters of the genus Ophien-
todia of the same author.

The upper brachial plates are rather small, triangular, with a widely opened
proximal angle and a strongly convex distal side ; they are wider than long and sepa-
rated by a fairly long interval.

The first under brachial plate is small, trapezoidal, narrower in its proximal
than in its distal part, with diverging lateral sides. The second one is large, very
much widened distally, with an obtuse proximal angle, diverging lateral sides, and
a very convex distal side, which may sometimes present, in its middle, a very small
and feebly protruding, widened median lobe. On the following plates the width
slightly decreases and the distal side becomes more strongly convex; therefore, the
plates become longer than wide, at the same time as the proximal angle becomes
more open. This elongated form of the under brachial plates is quite striking, and
in the young specimens these plates are seen to become sometimes even almost twice
longer than wide. I usually notice, on the under face of the plate, within the distal
side and parallel with it, two or three concentric striae, which are rather wide apart.
The under plates always remain separated by a narrower interval in the adults than
in the young.

The lateral plates bear on their somewhat swollen distal side seven or eight
spines of increasing length from the first, which is almost equal to the article, to the
last one, which may reach the length of two and a half articles. These spines
are provided with fine and close denticulations in the young, which, however, are
less apparent in the adult, where they nevertheless remain visible through the
microscope.

The tentacular scale is fairly large and wide, somewhat lanceolate, with a very
rough end. On the larger specimens this end is simply rounded, but on the two
smallest specimens, the diameter of the disk of which does not exceed 5 mm., this
scale is narrower and sharper, more so in one of them than in the other; in all the
others the tentacular scale displays the form which I have just indicated. On the
large specimens the tentacular brachial pores of the first pair always carry two
scales.

Owing to the presence of distinct plates on the upper face of the disk, this
species ought to be classified in the genus OphwrnitreOa, if Verrill's classification
be strictly adhered to. On the other hand, we have seen that the oral papillae
are losing their regular arrangement with age; they may also become more numerous
as the number of the dental papilla? increases, such being the case in the species
classified by Verrill in his genus Ophientodia.

When studying the descriptions and drawings of Ophiacaniha nodosa published
by Lyman, the question may be asked what are the characters on which that author
has based the separation of that species from 0. anomala. The most important
difference which I find refers to the under brachial plates, which, according to Lyman,
are a little wider than long, but it must be remembered that Lyman had at his
disposal but one specimen, the arms of which were broken near the disk, and conse-
quently he was unable to observe the changes in the form and elongation of the
successive under brachial plates, so that it is very difficult to take this character
into account. Therefore, the two species seem to me very likely to be synonyms.

80 BULLETIN 84, UNITED STATES NATIONAL MUSEUM.

However, it must be noted that 0. nodosa comes from a depth (1,525 fathoms),
where 0. anomala has never been found.

0. anomala is known from the Arctic regions of Europe and on the coasts of
North America; it has been found chiefly in the waters of Nova Scotia in about 100
to 130 fathoms. According to the indications of the stations which I have given
above, it will be seen that the Albatross has taken 0. anomala in more southern
stations, between 42° and 31° north latitude. According to Lyman, 0. anomala
occurs in a depth of 524 fathoms, but the determination is doubtful.

OPHIACANTHA ASPERA Lyrnan.

See for bibliography:

Verrill (99), p. 44.
Kcehler (07), p. 316.

Albatross station 2159. Apr. 30, 1884. Lat. 23° 10' 39" N. ; long. 82° 20' 08"
W.; 98 fathoms; co. Two specimens.

Albatross station 2166. May 1, 1884. Lat. 23° 10' 36" N.; long. 82° 20' 30"
W.; 196 fathoms; co.; temp. 71.9° F. One specimen.

Albatross station 2167. May 1, 1884. Lat. 23° 10' 40" N.; long. 82° 20' 30"
W.; 201 fathoms; co. Two specimens.

Albatross station 2335. Jan. 19, 1885. Lat. 23° 10' 39" N.; long. 82° 20' 21"
W.; 204 fathoms. One specimen.

Albatross station 2342. Jan. 19, 1885. Lat. 23° 10' 39" N.; long. 82° 20' 21"
W.; 201 fathoms; co. Two specimens.

Blake; 2 miles E. off Havana; 200 fathoms. Two specimens.

The diameter of the disk does not exceed 5 mm. in general ; the arms are rarely
preserved, except on one of the examples from Havana.

Lyman's description has been completed and rectified by Verrill, and the
specimens are quite in accordance with those of the latter naturalist, as well as
those I mentioned in 1907. The species is well characterized and easily to be
detected.

0. aspera has been met with in various localities of the West Indies between
73 and 262 fathoms.

OPHIACANTHA BIDENTATA (Retziui).

Plate 8, figs. 3-4.
See for bibliography:

Kcehler (09), p. 184.
Mortensen (10), p. 274.
Grieg (10), p. 5.
Kcehler(13a), p. 14.

St. Augustine, Florida. No depth mentioned. One dry specimen.

The oral papillae show the usual arrangement.

I have had quite recently occasion (13a, p. 14) to speak of the variations which
the oral papillae of 0. bidentata may present in their number, as well as in their
arrangement, when studying the specimens which Charcot had gathered in the
northern regions of European seas. The examination of certain specimens of 0.
bidentata shows how difficult, and at the same time how dangerous, it is to establish

OPHIURANS OF UNITED STATES NATIONAL MUSEUM. 81

a classification among the Ophiacanthidse, taking as a basis the characters of the
mouth papillae only. In a lot coming from one and the same locality one may
find, beside such examples as have three oral papillae, the last of which is widened,
some others which have a regular row of four subequal papillae and sometimes
even five ; this structure might be due to a splitting of the external papilla, as
formerly suggested by Duncan and Sladen. But besides the three or four papillae
which form a regular row, there may also be seen either one or a variable number
of papillae, which are inserted on a different level from the others and are generally
smaller than they are. These supplementary papillae often appear at the junction
of the oral and adoral plates, and they may vary in number from one to five ; but
they may also appear near the terminal tooth papilla, and thus constitute supple-
mentary tooth papillse which are almost as much developed as the normal papillse.
All these variations are observed on specimens of equal size; they appear to very
variable degrees on the mouth angles of the same specimen, and they are absolutely
not due to age. So that, according to which specimen is observed, nay, even accord-
ing to which of the mouth angles of the same specimen is observed, one is likely to
meet the characters which Verrill took as a basis either to maintain the genus
Ophiacantha, s. str., or to establish new genera, such as those called by him Ophiec-
todia or Ophientodia, the value of which becomes consequently very doubtful.

One may see, by the illustrations which I reproduce here, and which represent
the under face of the disk of two 0. bidentata from Icelandic waters, how much
the mouth papillae may differ either by their number or by their arrangement from
the type admitted as being normal (pi. 8, figs. 3 and 4).

OPHIACANTHA ECHINULATA Lyman.

Ophiacantha echinulata LYMAN (78a), p. 229, pi. 1, figs. 7-9.

Ophiacantha echinulata LYMAN (83), p. 262.

Ophioscalus echinulatus VERRILL (99), p. 39.

Ophioscalus echinulatus VERKILL (99a), pp. 327, 331, 336, and 338.

Ophiacantha pectinula VERRILL (99o), pp. 325, 338, 340, and 342.

Ophiacantha echinulata KCEHLER (07), p. 319.

Albatross station 2117. Jan. 27, 1884. Lat. 15° 24' 40" N.; long. 63° 31'
30" W.; 683 fathoms; yl. m. fne. s.; temp. 39.75° F. One specimen.

Albatross station 2629. Mar. 8, 1886. Lat. 16° 54' N.; long. 75° 10' 40" W.;
1,169 fathoms; co. s.; temp. 38.4° F. One specimen.

Albatross station 2651. Nov. 28, 1887. Lat. 16° 54' N.; long. 63° 12' W.;
687 fathoms; wh. oz.; temp. 73.4° F. One specimen.

The two specimens from stations 2629 and 2651 are in good condition; the
diameter of the disk ranges between 5.5 and 6 mm., and the arms are from 40 to
45 mm. long. The third specimen is somewhat larger, the diameter of the disk
reaching 7 mm., but the arms are incomplete.

These specimens are not absolutely in agreement with the type which Lyman
described and figured in 1878 from a single specimen, and especially they do not
offer the bare widened radial shields which that writer indicated, but it must be
noticed that, in the year 1883, after having studied many specimens gathered by
the Blake in several stations of the West Indies, Lyman wrote (83, p. 262) : "Some-

82 BULLETIN 84, UNITED STATES NATIONAL MUSEUM.

times the radial shields can not be seen, but are quite hidden by the short disk
spines." Now, the Jardin des Plantes possesses one specimen of 0. echinulata, from
the dredgings of the Blake (the diameter of the disk reaches from 8 to 8.5 mm.),
in which the upper face shows the same characters as those of the Albatross speci-
mens which I have in hand, and the radial shields of which are small, separated,
and more or less hidden by the spines. This specimen was most likely studied and
determined by Lyman himself, and we have just seen that this writer admits some
variations in the shape and armature of the radial shields. I shall add that, in
their other characters, the specimens from the Albatross are altogether in con-
formity with that example from the Blake, and they undoubtedly belong to the same
species, whichever name be given to the latter.

On the other hand, Verrill, in 1899, thought it advisable to create for 0. echi-
nulata the subgenus Ophioscalus, which he characterizes especially by the large
bare widened radial shields remaining in contact almost on their whole length ;
these characters are borrowed from the description which Lyman had made in 1878
from his single example, but the correction made by that writer in 1883 is not
taken into account. A little later on, but still in 1899 (99a, p. 342), Verrill created
for an Ophiacaniha which came from the dredgings of the Blake and which Lyman
had sent to him under the name of 0. echinulata,, a new species, to which he gave
the name of 0. pectinula and which he classifies in his genus Ophiectodia, owing to
the arrangement of the oral papillae, to which I shall refer presently. Now, apart
from the character of the oral papillae, 0. pectinula is astonishingly like an
0. echinulata which is not provided with those widened radial shields which Lyman
pointed out in 1878, but presents the shape indicated by him in 1883. However,
in O. pectinula there are on the distal side of the upper brachial plates very thin,
short, and pointed little spines, and this is undoubtedly the character which Verrill
wanted to recall in the specific name chosen by him. Now, I find again these small
marginal spines not only in the three examples from the National Museum, but also
in the specimen coming from the dredgings of the Blake and kept at the Jardin
des Plantes.

When describing 0. echinulata, Lyman, who did not ascribe to the oral and
tooth papillae the same importance as Verrill afterwards gave them, says only that
the papillae amount to from 11 -to 14 in each mouth angle, the external papillae
being larger, and that the end of each jaw bears one or two papillae which are
larger than the others. On the other hand, Verrill characterizes his genus Ophiec-
todia by the existence of extremely numerous oral papillae which build a bunch
or a double row on the level of the tentacular mouth pore; in bis description of
0. pectinula he begins by mentioning a first series of four or five papillae which
build a regular row, after which there appear on the level of the tentacular pore
five or six distal papillae. Now, I observe this arrangement in none of the specimens
which I have in hand ; in these the oral papillae generally amount to five in all and
form a regular row; they are elongated, conical, pointed, and the last two, which
stand on the level of the tentacular mouth pore but are not separated from the
preceding ones, are most generally either a little longer or a little wider than the
others. As to the tooth papillae, they vary in number and in size; they are some-
times two, sometimes three or four. But I repeat that I fail to find the slightest

OPHIUKANS OF UNITED STATES NATIONAL MUSEUM. 83

trace of these special papillae which should form a bunch or a double row so as to
build for the mouth pore that particular covering indicated by Verrill.

I can not, therefore, give to my specimens the name of Ophiectodia pectinula
and I retain for them the name of Ophiacantha echinulata. Besides, there can be
no objection to that species being classified in the subgenus Ophioscalus of Verrill.

Thus 0. echinulata remains well characterized by the peculiar covering of the
upper face of the disk, which may hide, more or less completely, the radial shields,
and the latter offer, in their shape and size, the variations indicated by Lyman.
The species is also featured by the tentacular scale of the brachial pores, which is
extremely long, narrow, very much pointed and rough, and almost as long as the
corresponding under brachial plate ; often, but not always, there are two scales on
the first tentacular brachial pore ; the under bracliial plates, which are elongated,
narrow, with a convex distal side, have also a rather characteristic shape.

Apart from the arrangement of the oral papillae, the description given by Verrill
of 0. pectinula may, therefore, apply to the specimens which I have studied ; but,
on the other hand, I can not separate them from 0. echinulata, for it is understood
that as regards the shape of the radial shields such a restriction must be made as
Lyman himself made in 1883. This being so, must Ophiectodia, pectinula be con-
sidered as a synonym of OpTiiacantha echinulata^ Although this synonymy be
very enticing, I do not think it ought to be admitted now, since Verrill has definitely
taken the characters of the oral papillae as a basis for the separation of the two species.
The question will not be settled except by comparing a great many specimens;
especially a revision of the specimens gathered by the Blake and indicated by Lyman
in 1883 would be particularly interesting and is most desirable.

OPHIACANTHA ENOPLA Lyman.

Fish Hawk station 1124. Aug. 26; 1882. Lat. 40° 01' N.; long. 68° 54' W.;
640 fathoms; fne. s., gn. m., limestone nodules; temp. 39° F. One specimen.

OPHIACANTHA FRATERNA Verrill.

Plate 11, figs. 5-6.
See for bibliography:

Ophiacaniha fraterna VEEEILL (85), p. 545.
Ophiacanthafraterna VEBBILL (99a), pp. 321, 324.

Albatross station 2105. Nov. 6, 1883. Lat. 37° 50' N.; long. 73° 03' 50" W.;
1,395 fathoms; glob, oz.; temp. 41° F. Nine specimens.

Albatross station 2678. May 6, 1886. Lat. 32° 40' N.; long. 76° 40' 30" W.;
731 fathoms; It. gy. oz.; temp. 38.7° F. Three specimens.

In the larger specimens the diameter of the disk ranges between 8 and 9.5 mm.;
in the smallest it does not exceed 3 mm. The largest examples are not in a very
good state ; the brachial spines are very incomplete, and the arms themselves are
broken at a small distance from their base. In an example with a disk of 8 mm.,
the arms are from 40 to 45 mm. long.

I have been able to make sure of my determination by comparing these speci-
mens with a specimen determined by Verrill and lent me by theU. S. National Museum,

84 BULLETIN 84, UNITED STATES NATIONAL MUSEUM.

and which came also from the dredgings of the Albatross (station 2573, southeast of
Georges Bank, Sept. 2, 1885, 1,742 fathoms) . This specimen is in a fairly good state
although two arms are broken near the base and none of the other three are preserved
to their entire length; the diameter of the disk equals 10 mm.

I shall avail myself of the opportunity offered me to study this species to add a
few remarks to Verrill's description and especially to reproduce a few photographs
of that form which has never been figured ; it would be, in fact, very difficult to
identify it only by the information given by Verrill.

I will first describe the example determined by the latter and afterwards I will
compare with it the other examples which I have in hand.

The 10 radial ribs indicated by Verrill are plainly visible. The radial shields
in which they end are quite distinct, though small; they are triangular, a little
longer than wide, and bare or carry only a few little stumps near their periphery.
The two shields of each pair are strongly set apart from each other and separated
by an interval which is equal to the width of the corresponding arm. The upper
face of the disk is covered with extremely thin, rounded, imbricated, and subequal
plates, which become very apparent after they have been freed from the little
stumps borne by them. These stumps really have the shape indicated by Verrill.
I shall add that they are very short, very much widened at their base, and rather
conical; the spinules which terminate them are rather thick, short, very irregularly
arranged, and variable in number. Each plate bears only one such little stump.

The interradial spaces of the under face of the disk are covered with larger and
more distinct plates than on the upper face, and consequently the stumps are not
so dense ; they become shorter as they get nearer to the mouth shields. The genital
slits are narrow, elongated, and quite distinct.

The mouth shields are short and strongly widened transversely; their shape is
rather irregular on the specimen from Georges Bank, and the angles are more or
less rounded; I observe no median lobe on the distal side. The adoral plates are
narrow, elongated, and slightly incurved in the shape of a crescent; they preserve
the same width over their whole length and do not separate the mouth shield from
the first lateral brachial plate. The oral plates are of medium size. The oral
papillae, amounting to three on each side, display the characters indicated by Verrill;
the external papilla, especially, is conical and pointed like the others, and even,
perhaps, a little smaller than they are.

The arms are not moniliform. The upper bracbial plates are large, triangular,
almost as long as wide, or a little wider than long, with a "fairly opened proximal
angle limited by straight sides, and a very convex distal edge. On the first 10 or
12 articles the proximal angle is rather strongly truncated. These plates are at
first contiguous, and afterwards separated by a little interval.

The first under brachial plate is small, trapezoidal, wider proximally than
distally, with a small and rounded distal edge. The following plates are middle-
sized, pentagonal, with a very obtuse proximal angle and a convex distal side; they
are first much wider than long, and, at a certain distance from the disk, their width
slightly decreases, though still remaining always wider than long. They are
separated by a narrow interval from the base of the arms.

OPHIUEANS OF UNITED STATES NATIONAL MUSEUM. 85

Verrill states that the tentacular scale is "flattened, small, tapered, subacute";
the form which I observe on my own specimen is a little different. Indeed, this
scale, of middle size, appears flattened, elongated, fairly wide, and it always keeps
the same width throughout its whole length, or even becomes a little wider in its
distal part to end with a rounded edge; its surface is very rough.

All the specimens from stations 2105 and 2678 are smaller than the foregoing
one, and display a few differences which are evidently due to their age. The radial
ribs are distinct on only a few specimens, the diameter of the disk of which ranges
between 5 and 8 mm. ; in the two largest ones, the upper face of the disk displays
corrugations which have very likely caused the relief of the ribs to disappear. The
upper brachial plates are generally separated from the base of the arms. The
under brachial plates are always wider than long at the base of the arms, but they
afterwards become as wide as long, and they even become a little longer than wide
at the ends of the arms. The mouth shields often have their side angles sharper
than those of the specimen from station 2573, but they generally remain rounded;
the oral papillae preserve the usual arrangement. On the two larger specimens
from station 2105, the tentacular scales of the first brachial articles are thinner
and sharper than on the articles which succeed the disk, where they take the shape
which I have reported above; but on the smaller samples, the form which I observe
is nearer to the one indicated by Verrill, that is to say, the scales are thinner and
subacute, sometimes a little lanceolate, but always fairly long.

Verrill connected 0. fraterna with 0. bidentata, the latter offering certainly a
great analogy with the former. It will, however, always be possible to distinguish
the first from the second species; by the form of the external oral papilla which is
not widened and offers the same shape as the other two in 0. fraterna, where it
is elongated, cylindrical, and almost spiniform; by the brachial spines being rougher;
by the small stumps of the upper face of the disk being thinner and ending in a
bunch of notably stronger spinules. The mouth shields and the adoral plates have
almost the same shape in both species.

But it is not to 0. bidentata that 0. fraterna is most closely allied; it is
undoubtedly nearer 0. aculeata Verrill, and the comparison with the latter is all
the more necessary because I have found both species in the lot of Ophiurans which
came from station 2105. All the 0. fraterna of that lot being smaller than the
0. aculeata, the question might be asked whether the former were not simply
the young of the second species. Above all, the shape of the external oral papilla
will always allow 0. fraterna to be distinguished from 0. aculeata. In fact, in all
the 0. fraterna observed by me, in which the diameter of the disk varies from 3 to
9.5 mm., this papilla always remains identical with the other two, and although I
have observed no specimen of 0. aculeata less than 12 mm. in diameter, it is
not admissible that the shape of that papilla begins to alter only when the disk of
the Ophiuran has reached a diameter superior to 9 mm., and that it only then takes
the strikingly widened shape which it displays in 0. aculeata, the diameter of which
is 12 mm. or more. If we compare some specimens of 0. fraterna, such as the one
from Georges Bank, the disk of which is 10 mm., with some 0. aculeata, such as the
one represented on plate 1 1 , figures 1 and 2, the diameter of the disk of which is about

86 BULLETIN 84, UNITED STATES NATIONAL MUSEUM.

15 mm., we shall find the following differences: The radial shields which are dis-
tinct, though small, in O.fraterna, are altogether indistinct in 0. aculeata where
they are covered over with stumps identical with those existing on the rest of
the upper face of the disk, and radial ribs never appear in the latter. The mouth
shields have about the same shape in both species, but the adoral plates do not
separate the mouth shield from the first lateral brachial plate in 0. fraterna, while
they do separate it in 0. aculeata. The upper brachial plates are smaller, con-
tiguous from the base of the arms in the largest samples of the first species, while
they are larger, widened, and separated from the base in the second one. The
upper brachial plates always remain very wide and wider than long in 0. fraterna,
while in 0. aculeata their width rapidly decreases and they become as long as wide,
and then longer than wide. The brachial spines are a little rougher in 0. fraterna
and the tentacular scale is a little more widened than in 0. aculeata.

I shall discuss a little further the affinities of 0. fraterna with 0. pentacrinus,
after having described the latter species.

OPHIACANTHA GRANULIFERA Verrill.

Plate 10, figs. 2-3.

Ophuuxmtha granulifera VERRILL (86), p. 546.
Ophiacantha granulifera VERRILL (99a), pp. 321 and 324.

Albatross station 2069. Sept. 1, 1883. Lat. 41° 54' 50" N.; long. 65° 48'
35" W.; Georges Bank; 101 fathoms; s. st. g. p. and c.; temp. 42° F. One
specimen.

The specimen which has \teeo. lent me was determined by Verrill. As his
description, although sufficient to allow the species to be identified, is rather short
and not accompanied with any drawings, it has seemed to me useful to give a few
notes on the specimen in hand and to reproduce two photographs of it.

The diameter of the disk is 10 mm.; the arms are not complete; they are
broken at 40 mm. from then- bases and must have reached about 50 mm.
The disk is rounded, excavated in the interradial spaces. The upper face is uni-
formly covered with, little rounded granules, which are very dense although not
absolutely contiguous, and have a rough surface; these granules are most regularly
arranged and all of them have the same diameter. They almost completely hide
the limits of the plates which carry them; however, the latter appear very dis-
tinctly, in my specimen, at the periphery of the disk and on each side of the
radial shields; these plates are fairly large, somewhat unequal and imbricated.
The radial shields are visible on their whole length; they are narrow and elongated,
triangular, three or four times longer than wide and completely bare; the two
shields of each pair are widely separated from each other by several rows of plates.
The under face is completely deprived of granules and covered with fairly large,
unequal, and imbricated plates. The genital slits are narrow and elongated.

The rather small mouth shields are very wide and include a chief part, which
is triangular, short, three times wider than long, with a very obtuse proximal angle
and rounded lateral angles; the distal side, which is convex, offers in its middle a
widened and very much elongated lobe, the length of which reaches that of the
chief part of the plate; this lobe strongly protrudes into the interradial space, and

OPHIUBANS OF UNITED STATES NATIONAL MUSEUM. 87

its distal side is rounded. The adoral plates are well developed, fairly large, very
much widened inwardly and narrower, outwardly. The oral plates, which are
triangular, are rather small. All these plates are covered with fine granulations.
The oral papillae amount to three or four on each side; they are rather strong and
conical and their end is sometimes pointed, sometimes blunt. The dental papilla,
which is single and odd, is larger than the neighboring oval papillae.

The upper brachial plates of middling size are triangular, with a fairly open
proximal angle, and slightly corrugated diverging lateral sides, and a wide and
convex distal side. These plates are almost as wide as long, and they are separated
from the bases of the arms by a fairly narrow interval.

The under brachial plates are remarkably short and wide, as pointed out by
Verrill, and they are broadly separated by the lateral plates. The first one is wider
than long, quadrangular, with a rounded and convex distal side, a concave proximal
side, and two diverging lateral sides. The following ones are extremely wide, at
least four times wider than long and triangular, with a very obtuse proximal angle
limited by narrow sides, which meet the distal edge by fairly acute angles ; the said
distal edge is extremely wide and often excavated in its middle. At a certain
distance from the disk the plates become narrower and comparatively a little
longer; they are then pentagonal, with two diverging lateral sides, which are
excavated by the corresponding tentacular scale, and a convex distal side.

The lateral plates carry eight or nine spines. The ventral spines are rather
thick and obtuse at their ends. The length of the first one exceeds the article, and
increases on the following spines up to the last dorsal ones, which are equal to two
and a half or three articles ; these are pointed and comparatively thinner than the
ventral spines. The surface of all these spines is rough or even covered with small,
conical, and pointed asperities, which are put very close together. The two lateral
rows of spines are not approximated dorsally.

The tentacular scale, which is always single, is small and short, conical or
lanceolated; its surface is rough or it is even provided on its sides and at its end
with extremely small spinules.

OPHIACANTHA LINEATA Kcehler.

Ophiacantha Uneata KCEHLER (09), p. 187, pi. 25, figs. 6-8.

Albatross station 2415. Apr. 1, 1885. Lat. 30° 44' N.; long. 79° 26' W.;
440 fathoms; co. crs. s. sh. for.; temp. 45.6° F. One specimen.

Albatross station 2667. May 5, 1886. Lat. 30° 53' N.; long. 79° 42' 30" W.;
273 fathoms; gy. s. bk. sp.; temp. 48.7° F. One specimen.

Both specimens are small and the diameter of the disk does not exceed 5 mm. ;
moreover, they are in a very bad state, the arms are broken at their base or preserved
only for a very short length ; besides, some rubbing has taken place, which caused
almost all the stumps of the upper face of the disk to be torn. Nevertheless, I
found again the characters which I originally ascribed to 0. Uneata, and I think
the specimens may be referred to that species.

A very young example, the diameter of the disk of wliich did not exceed 2 mm.,
is associated with that from station 2415, and undoubtedly also belongs to 0. Uneata.
6061°— Bull. 84—14 7

88 BULLETIN 84, UNITED STATES NATIONAL MUSEUM.

OPHIACANTHA PENTACRINUS Lutken,

Plate 9, figs. 3-6.
See for bibliography:

Ophiacantha pentacrinus LiJTKEN (69), pp. 46 and 99.
not Ophiacantha meridionalis LYMAN (69), p. 324.
not Ophiacantha pentacrinus KCEHLER (07), p. 319.
part? Ophiacantha pentacrinus LYMAN (78), p. 280.
part? Ophiacantha pentacrinus LYMAN (82), p. 199.
^Ophiacantha pentacrimis VEBRILL (99a), pp. 324 and 334.

Blake station 222. Feb. 16, 1879. Lat. 13° 58' 37" N.; long. 61° 04' 45" W.
422 fathoms; s. oz.; temp. 42.5° F. One specimen.

Albatross station 2117. Jan. 27, 1884. Lat. 15° 24' 40" N.; long. 63° 31' 30";
W.; 683 fathoms; yl. m. fne. s.; temp. 39.75° F. One small specimen.

Albatross station 2664. May 4, 1886. Lat. 29° 41' N.; long. 79° 55' W.;
373 fathoms; co. s.; temp. 42.7° F. Five specimens.

Albatross station 2667. May 5, 1886. Lat. 30° 53' N.; long. 79° 42' 30" W.;
273 fathoms; gy. s. bk. sp.; temp. 48.7° F. Two specimens.

Albatross station 2753. Dec. 4, 1887. Lat. 13° 34' N.; long. 61° 03' W.;
281 fathoms; bk. s.; temp. 48° F. One specimen.

Unfortunately, the specimens are not in a very good state of preservation; in
nearly all of them the arms are incomplete, and in the four largest ones from station
2664 the upper face of the disk is more or less damaged. In the latter specimens
the diameter reaches from 5 to 5.5 mm. ; in the others it varies between 3 and 4.5 mm.

In my work on the Ophiurans of the Paris Museum (07, p. 319), I published,
concerning 0. pentacrinus, a few remarks and two drawings, one of which represents
the under face of the disk and the other a few stumps of the upper face, after the
three specimens which were gathered by the Blake and presented to the Jardin des
Plantes by Agassiz under the name of 0. pentacrinus. I beg to recall on the subject,
that Lyman, after having described under the name of 0. meridionalis an Ophia-
cantha found in the Caribbean Sea between 237 and 327 fathoms (69, p. 324), had
suggested that this species probably did not differ from 0. pentacrinus Lutken,
and he had definitely united it to the latter in his subsequent publications. Now,
I have been able to examine the very type of 0. pentacrinus described by Lutken,
and preserved in the Copenhagen Museum; although this specimen, which is
unique, is of very small size, since the diameter of the disk hardly reaches 3 mm.,
and although its arms are broken near their bases, its characters are, nevertheless,
very plain. I have been most astonished to find that the three specimens of the
Jardin des Plantes which are called 0. pentacrinus are entirely different from it.
On the contrary, I have noticed that all the specimens gathered by the Albatross at
the three above-named stations were in perfect conformity with the type. The
comparison was, besides, made easier by the presence, among the above-mentioned
specimens of the Albatross, of two very small examples, which measure only 3 mm.
across the disk and which have, consequently, dimensions identical with those of
Ltitken's type. There can exist no doubt as to the determination of these
specimens.

OPHIUKANS OF UNITED STATES NATIONAL MUSEUM. 89

As we have about 0. pentacrinus only the description written in Danish by
by Lutken, of a very young specimen, unaccompanied with any figure, it will be
useful to again describe the species from the Albatross specimens, supplementing
the description with illustrations.

The disk is rather thick ; its outline is pentagonal and it is stronly gexcavated
in the interradial spaces. The upper face is covered with dense, very short and
thin stumps, which are thicker at their bases and terminated by a few very thin
and divergent spinules; the latter are equal and often amount to three. These
stumps almost completely hide the outlines of the plates from which they start
and which are very small. The radial shields are elongated and they generally
cause a fairly visible swelling, but their external region alone is apparent and they
are covered with stumps identical with the others over one-half or two-thirds of
their length. The two shields of each pair are widely separated.

The under face of the disk offers, in the interradial spaces, some plates which are
larger than on the upper face, chiefly near the mouth shields, and with very distinct
outlines ; these plates bear stumps which rapidly become smaller than on the upper
face and are reduced to the state of small, rough, and elongated granules before
they reach the mouth shields.

The latter are small, twice wider than long, triangular, with an acute proximal
angle limited by two concave sides an^l lateral angles now sharp, now slightly
rounded ; the convex distal side sometimes offers at its middle a short and widened
little lobe, more or less apparent. The rather thick adoral plates are bent in the
shape of a crescent, and thinner near their external end, which does not separate
the mouth shield from the first lateral brachial plate. The oral plates, of middle
size, are triangular. The oral papilla, amounting to three, are conical and pointed,
and all have the same shape; the external one is sometimes a little more obtuse
than the others at its end, but it is neither flattened nor widened. The single tooth
papilla is thicker than the neighboring ones. There is sometimes a fourth supple-
mentary oral papilla. Moreover, I observe that sometimes the first under brachial
plate carries, on each side, a little papilla smaller than the others and advancing
toward the tentacular mouth pore; this papilla is, moreover, often ill-shaped, or
even completely Jacking.

The arms are very moniliform owing to the enormous swelling which the lateral
brachial plates offer in their distal region; the middle part of the articles is, on the
contrary, very much narrowed. The upper brachial plates, which are middle-sized,
are triangular with an acute proximal angle and a distal side"which is almost straight
on the first articles and afterwards becomes more and more convex; at first they
are wider than long and then they become almost as long as wide. These plates
strongly bulge out on their dorsal face and are separated by a very wide space,
which is almost as long as the plates themselves on the large specimens and becomes
still longer on the small ones. Sometimes the distal side is resolved into two short
sides which can even be slightly concave and join by an obtuse angle.

The first under bcachial plate is sometimes trapezoidal, longer than wide, and
narrow, with the proximal side wider than the distal side, which is rounded and has
converging lateral sides, sometimes simply triangular with a rounded distal apex.

90 BULLETIN 84, UNITED STATES NATIONAL MUSEUM.

The second plate, which is already separated from the preceding one by the lateral
plates, is very large, triangular, with a proximal angle limited by two almost straight
sides, and a strongly convex distal side ; it always remains wider than long. The
proximal angle becomes more and more obtuse on the following plates, which are
pentagonal, with two small lateral sides and a distal side wliich is always strongly
convex. All these plates always remain fairly large, wider than long, and the space
which separates them is larger as the examples are smaller. I have found in Liitken's
type the confirmation of the fact that the under brachial plates, however small
they may be, always remain wider than long.

The lateral brachial plates bear on the whole length of their distal side, which
is thickened and widened, at least seven spines on the first articles and sometimes
eight in the largest specimens. The first three spines are not very large; they are
almost equal and the third one reaches about the length of the article. These three
spines are rather thick, cylindrical, with an obtuse end, and they show extremely
fine and dense denticulations. Afterwards the length of the spines rapidly in-
creases and the two or three last dorsal ones become extremely long, slender, pointed,
transparent, with stronger and widely spaced denticulations, the number and size
of which varies greatly. The length of the dorsal spines exceeds three articles at
the bases of the arms, then it progressively decreases and finally does not exceed
the article in the second half of the arm. The number of spines decreases beyond
the first articles and remains five in number on the larger part of the length of the
arms. On the first articles, the two rows are very approximate dorsally.

The tentacular scale is small, spiniform, pointed, rough, or even provided with
small asperities.

0. pentacrinus does not seem to acquire great dimensions and the diameter of
the disk ranges between 3 and 5.5 mm.

0. pentacrinus has undoubtedly been mistaken by Lyman for another species
in which the oral papilla is wide and flattened, a character which 0. pentacrinus
does not show in Liitken's type. It is likely that the specimens gathered by the
Blake and referred to by Lyman in 1883 under the name of 0. meridionalis Lyman =
O. pentacrinus Liitken, included a mixture of the two forms ; these specimens ought
to be sorted out. In any case, Lyman designated under the name of 0. pentacrinus,
a term which according to him was the synonym of 0. meridionalis, some specimens
which had their external oral papilla widened and flattened, since three specimens
from the Blake which certainly have been determined by him, were sent to the
Jardin des Plantes under the name of 0. pentacrinus. Consequently, if after making
the comparison with Liitken's type, we keep the name of 0. pentacrinus for an
Opniacantha the external oral papilla of which is not widened but preserves the
same shape as the other two, we may give the name of 0. meridionalis to the neigh-
boring species which Lyman had confused with it and in which the said papilla is
widened and flattened. Now, I find among the Ophiurans gathered by the Albatross
some specimens which offer precisely the same character, and I shall describe them
further under the name of 0. meridionalis.

The characters of 0. pentacrinus do not seem to me to have been better dis-
tinguished by Verrill; what is more, I notice a contradiction in the two passages

OPHIUBANS OF UNITED STATES NATIONAL MUSEUM. 91

of his paper on the Ophiurans of North America which he published in 1899. In
fact, he writes (99a, p. 324), "arm spines, six upper ones very slender," and a
little further on (p. 334), "spines nine or ten long very slender," etc.

One can see that the examination of Ltitken's type was a necessity, and,
as I was fortunate enough to be able to make it, I hope that the characters of 0. pen-
tacrinus are now fixed.

I have pointed out above that all the specimens of 0. pentacrinus were of
rather small size, and it might perhaps be thought that they represent only the
young form of another Ophiacantha. Now, among the forms of the Atlantic with
which they might be compared I see none which may be cited, except O.fraterna,
which shows a likeness in the arrangement of the three oral papillae which remain
equal and subacute. But 0. pentacrinus is plainly distinct from the latter
through its moniliform arms offering elongated articles and brachial spines which on
the upper side become very long, thin, pointed, transparent, denticulated, with
the rows closely approximated on the first articles. The upper brachial plates
are strongly bulging out and widely separated, as are also the under plates. None
of these characters exists in O.fraterna.

I approximate to 0. pentacrinus, without daring, however, actually to refer
them to this species, three very small specimens from station 2117 (plate 9, figs. 5, 6),
which bear No. 12495. The diameter of the disk does not exceed 3 mm. and the
arms are slender and moniliform. The brachial spines and the covering of the
upper face of the disk show the same characters as in 0. pentacrinus, but there are
four oral papillae, the external one being inserted on the first under brachial plate;
the upper brachial plates are very small and separated by a very large space,
and lastly the under brachial plates, which at first were broad, become rapidly
longer than wide. These plates reach their maximum length between the sixth
and the tenth plates, then the length progressively decreases. I beg to represent
here a specimen in which the under plates display the maximum relative length.

I do not see to what other species this Ophiacantha might be approximated;
I dare not make a new species of it, owing to the small size of the examples which are
probably young ones.

OPHIACANTHA MERIDIONALIS Lyman.

Plate 9, figs. 1-2.

Ophiacantha mendionalis LYMAN (69), p. 324.
part? Ophiacantha pentacrinus LYMAN (78), p. 280.
part? Ophiacantha pentacrinus LYMAN (82), p. 199.
Ophiacantha pentacrinus KXEHLER (07), p. 319.

Blake station 222. Feb. 16, 1879. Lat. 13° 58' 37" N.; long. 61° 04' 45" W.;
422 fathoms; s. oz.; temp. 42.5° F.

Albatross station 2655. May 2, 1886. Lat. 27° 22' N.; long. 78° 07' 30" W.;
338 fathoms; gy. s.; temp. 47.5° F. One specimen.

Albatross station 2664. May 4, 1886. Lat. 29° 41' N.; long. 79° 55' W.;
373 fathoms; co. s.; temp. 42.7° F. A few specimens.

92 BULLETIN 84, UNITED STATES NATIONAL MUSEUM.

In most samples from station 2664, the diameter of the disk varies between
5 and 6.5 mm., and in that of station 2655 it reaches 7 mm. Almost all the speci-
mens have their arms broken, and the length of such as remain whole varies between
30 and 35 mm.

I have been able to ascertain that these specimens are in perfect conformity
with the three samples from the dredgings of the Blake, which I mentioned when
describing 0. pentacrinus and which were given by Agassiz to the Jardin des Plantes
under the name of 0. pentacrinus. These three specimens were evidently deter-
mined by Lyman, who had in hand the Ophiurans from the Blake; they are a little
smaller than the specimens from the Albatross, the diameter of the disk ranging
from 2.8 to 4 mm. All three have their external oral papilla flattened and widened,
and the name of 0. pentacrinus can not be applied to them, as I have explained
above. I therefore suggest reserving for these individuals the name of 0. meridion-
alis, a denomination which has undoubtedly been applied by Lyman to a certain
number of similar specimens. In order to clear up any confusion, I think I had
better give of that species a somewhat detailed description, and two photographs
which reproduce respectively the dorsal and the ventral faces.

The disk is rounded, not at all excavated in the interradial spaces; it is rather
thick and the upper face is more or less bulging. But this face is completely covered
by small, very dense, elongated and fairly thin spines which display on their surfaces
a few more or less developed asperities or irregular denticulations, and are terminated
by a few rather scarce and unequal spinules which amount to two or three only.
These little spines completely hide the outlines of the adjacent plates. Sometimes
there are seen radial ribs which are little protruding, but the radial shields them-
selves are partly covered by stumps and their distal part alone is visible; they are
widely separated.

On the under face of the disk, the small spines become less and less important,
as they come nearer to the mouth shields, and they are finally reduced to the state of
mere conical, rough granules; the underlying plates then become apparent; they are
very small, rounded, and more or less imbricated. The genital slits are elongated
and broad.

The mouth shields, which are of middle size, have a shape analogous to that of
0. pentacrinus, that is to say, they are triangular, much wider than long, with an
obtuse proximal angle limited by two straight sides, rounded lateral angles and a
convex distal side which often shows in its middle a little lobe, which, by the way,
is very variable in size. The adoral plates are elongated, fairly narrow, with
parallel sides which are almost straight; they are from three to three and a half
tunes longer than wide, inwardly contiguous, and they outwardly build, although
without growing wider, a more or less conspicuous blade which separates the mouth
shield from the first lateral brachial plate. The oral plates are fairly high and
triangular. The oral papillae number three on each side; the external one is
widened, flattened, and squamiform, without, however, offering an excessive
development, and the other two are conical and pointed. The dental papilla,
which is single, is strong and conical.

The arms are moniliform, less so, however, than in 0. pentacrinus. The shape
of the upper brachial plates very much recalls that observed in this latter species;

OPHIUKANS OF UNITED STATES NATIONAL MUSEUM. 93

they are, though, a little less bulging, and they become a little longer than wide.
They are always separated by a fairly long space which, however, remains inferior
to their length.

The first under brachial plate is trapezoidal, wider than long, with a wide and
convex proximal side, a smaller and rounded distal side toward which converge
the lateral sides, which are small and straight; it is separated from the second one
by the lateral plates, but sometimes, however, the proximal angle of the former
gets elongated so as to reach the distal edge of the first plate. The second ventral
plate is generally triangular with a still obtuse proximal angle which is limited by
two almost straight sides and a very wide and convex distal side; sometimes,
however, it is already pentagonal with two small lateral sides; it is always wider
than long. The succeeding plates become pentagonal with an obtuse proximal
angle, short lateral sides and a rounded distal side; they always remain much wider
than long. The space which separates these plates becomes longer and longer
until it finally reaches twice their length; in fact, from the middle of the arms, these
plates become very short and, besides, comparatively small, although they always
remain wider than long. The lateral plates are fairly widened in their distal part,
but they are, however, less thick than in 0. pentacrinus. They carry seven and
even eight spines on the first articles. These spines recall those of 0. pentacrinus;
however, the ventral spines are thinner at the ends and their denticulations are
stronger and more loosely arranged ; besides, their length increases in a more regular
manner from the first ventral spine, which is almost equal to the article, to the dorsal
spines, the last two or three of which reach about the length of three articles. These
spines show denticulations which lie rather loosely, are thin and pointed, a little
more numerous on the ventral than on the dorsal spines; the rows are very much
approximated dorsally. The length of the dorsal spines progressively decreases
from the bases of the arms upward, and their length finally equals one and a half
articles at the same time as the number of the spines decreases.

The tentacular scale, rather small, is spiniform, pointed and fairly rough.

Connections and differences. — 0. meridionalis is evidently very closely allied to
0. pentacrinus; the latter species, as I have stated above, corresponds to Lyman's
type, but it is at once distinguishable from it through the widened and flattened
external oral papilla, which creates a difference which alone is sufficient to separate
the two species. There are, besides, other distinctive characters. In all the sam-
ples of 0. meridionalis which I know the disk is rounded, not excavated in the
interradial spaces, while in all the specimens of 0. pentacrinus from the Albatross,
as well as in Lyman's type, these spaces are not only excavated but they are deeply
notched. The upper face of the disk is covered with real little spines, which are
slender and show on their surface some rugosities or denticulations and are ended
by short spinules, while in 0. pentacrinus there are short stumps ending in three
elongated and diverging spinules. The first three brachial spines are more pointed
and their length increases more progressively than in 0. meridionalis; lastly, the
adoral plates are elongated, not very thick, with almost straightand parallel sides
in 0. meridionalis, and they separate the mouth shield from the first lateral
brachial plate, while in 0. pentacrinus they are thicker, grow outwardly thinner and
do not exceed the mouth shield.

94 BULLETIN 84, UNITED STATES NATIONAL MUSEUM.

These two species do not seem likely to reach a large size, and the diameter of
the disk does not exceed 6 mm. in the examples which I know.

The question might be asked, as it has been for 0. pentacrinus, whether 0.
meridiondlis may not be a young form of a large species, for instance, 0. aculeata,
because 0. meridiondlis has, like the latter, the external oral papilla widened; but
the above hypothesis can not be upheld. For in 0. mendionalis the upper face of
the disk is provided with small spines instead of the short stumps which appear in
0. aculeata; the arms are moniliform, the lateral brachial plates, strongly protruding
and swollen in their distal part, carry spines which become very long and thin on
the dorsal side, a character which is lacking in 0. aculeata. Neither can 0. mend-
ionalis be mistaken for a young specimen of 0. bidentata.

0. composita Koehler, which is met with in the Atlantic Ocean, also recalls
0. mendionalis by its widened external oral papilla, but differs from it by the upper
face of the disk being covered with short stumps andending in a crown of numerous
thin and short spinules which are generally arranged in a regular manner, by its
nonmoniliform arms which off er comparatively small dorsal plates which are as long
as wide, completely flat and without any trace of bulging; by its under brachial
plates which are remarkably widened, and lastly by its brachial spines which
always remain shorter, dorsally, than in 0. mendionalis.

OPHIACANTHA VEPRATICA Lyman.

Plate 13, fig. 6.

Ophiacantha vepratica LYMAN (78), p. 137, pi. 10, figs. 245-247.
Ophiacanlha vepratica LYMAN (82), p. 182, pi. 13, figs. 7-9.
Ophiacantha vepratica LYMAN (83), p. 261.

Albatross station 2415. Apr. 1, 1885. Lat. 30° 44' N.; long. 79° 26' W.; 440
fathoms; co. crs. s. sh. for.; temp. 45.6° F. Numerous specimens.

Albatross station 2416. Apr. 1, 1885. Lat. 31° 26' N.; long. 79° 07' W.;
276 fathoms; co. brk. sh.; temp. 53.8° F. Two specimens.

Albatross station 2625. Oct. 21, 1885. Lat. 32° 35' N.; long. 77° 30' W.;
247 fathoms; gy. s. bk. sp. Several specimens.

Albatross station 2661. May 4, 1886. Lat. 29° 16' 30" N.; long. 79° 36'
30" W.; 438 fathoms; gy. s. bk. sp.; temp. 45.5° F. Several specimens.

Albatross station 2663. May 4, 1886. Lat. 29° 39' N.; long. 79° 49' W.; 421
fathoms; br. s.; temp. 42.7° F. Several specimens.

Albatross station 2666. May 5, 1886. Lat. 30° 47' 30" N.; long. 79° 49' W.;
270 fathoms; gy. s.; temp. 48.3° F. Three specimens.

Albatross station 2667. May 5, 1886. Lat. 30° 53' N.; long. 79° 42' 30" W.;
273 fathoms; gy. s. bk. sp.; temp. 48.7° F. One specimen.

Albatross station 2668. May 5, 1886. Lat. 30° 58' 30" N.; long. 79° 38' 30"
W.; 294 fathoms; gy. s. dd. co.; temp. 46.3° F. Several specimens.

Albatross station 2669. May 5, 1886. Lat. 31° 09' N.; long. 79° 33' 30" W.;
352 fathoms; gy. s. dd. co.; temp. 43.7° F. Six specimens.

Albatross station 2753. Dec. 4, 1887. Lat. 13° 34' N.; long. 61° 03' W.; 281
fathoms; bk. s.; temp. 48° F. Several specimens.

The study of the many specimens gathered by the Albatross enables me to
complete Lyman's description or perhaps to correct it on some points.

OPHIURANS OF UNITED STATES NATIONAL MUSEUM. 95

0. vepratica was established by him for four specimens, two of which are young
ones; in the type, the diameter of the disk measured 6.5 mm.; the specimens from
the Albatross are generally a little larger and the diameters of their disks usually
range between 7 and 8 mm.

Lyman characterized 0. vepratica, among other things, by the presence on the
upper face of the disk of granules with which a few short spines were mixed, and
these spines were represented by him on various drawings (78, pi. 10, fig. 246, and
82, pi. 13, fig. 8) ; now, among the many hundreds of specimens which I have been
able to examine, I have not found a single one bearing spines on the upper face of
the disk. In all of them the disk offers an extremely regular covering of granules
which are somewhat irregular in thickness, but all of which reach the same height;
these granules are large and elongated and their shape is that of an extremely short
cylinder, ending in a small swollen head; this head is covered with extremely small,
short, pointed, and dense spinules, which are hardly visible except through the
microscope. The radial shields are small, in the shape of very much elongated
and narrow triangles, widely separated. All these details can be ascertained on
dry specimens only, on which may easily be seen the limits of the upper plates of
the disk, these plates carrying each a very short cylindrical stump.

The upper face of the disk thus shows some characters and an appearance
which are fairly different from what Lyman pointed out, and I should never have
been so daring as to refer my specimens to 0. vepratica had not the Jardin des
Plantes possessed a specimen of that species from the dredgings of the Blake and
determined by Lyman, the examination of which enabled me to fix my own deter-
mination. This example, though very small, since the diameter of his disk is only
4 mm., is altogether in conformity with the specimens from the Albatross; especially
is the upper face completely deprived of spines and bears only some elongated
granules which are very rough, ending in very conspicuous spinules, which are
absolutely identical with those observed by me on my own specimens.

The mouth pieces are disposed as indicated by Lyman. The under brachial
plates are very large and wide; they are first wider than long and then they become
as long as wide; a few concentric stria? are seen on their surface as well as on that
of the lateral plates. The tentacular scale is large and fairly wide, somewhat rough;
there are sometimes two such scales on the tentacular pores of the first pair, and
in this case the external scale is smaller than the internal one. The spines amount
to eight at the base of the arms; Lyman indicates only seven of them in his descrip-
tion, but on his drawing (82, pi. 13, fig. 9) he reproduced eight; these spines seem
to be smooth when seen with the naked eye, but through the microscope they
appear covered with numerous denticulations which are exceedingly small, pointed,
short, and dense. The two rows of spines are more approximated dorsally than
represented by Lyman.

0. vepratica was found by the Challenger at latitude 28° S. and longitude
177° W., at a depth of 600 fathoms, near the Fiji Islands. It was afterwards met
with by the Blake in several localities of the West Indies, near Nevis Island,
Barbados, Martinique, St. Vincent, and Grenada, in depths of 291-476 fathoms,
as well as at station 41 in 860 fathoms.

Lyman has done no more than cite the occurrence at the various above-
mentioned localities without adding anything to his original description.

96 BULLETIN 84, UNITED STATES NATIONAL MUSEUM.

OPHIACANTHA V1VIPARA Ljungman.

See for bibliography:

Koehler(12), p. 138.

Albatross station 2769. Jan. 15, 1888. Lat. 45° 22' S.; long. 64° 20' W.;
51.5 fathoms; gn. m. fne. s.; temp. 56.6° F. One specimen.

Albatross station 2771. Jan. 17, 1888. Lat. 51° 34' S.; long. 68° 00' W.;
50.5 fathoms; gy. s. bk. sp. ; temp. 49.4° F. Eleven specimens.

One specimen from station 2769 is provided with six arms ; all the others have
seven. The diameter of the disk ranges between 9 and 19 mm. In all of them
the upper face of the disk is covered with rounded granules except in the largest
one, the granules of which are] somewhat elongated and conical. None of the
specimens carries any young ones.

OPHIACANTHA (OPHIOPRISTIS) PERMIXTA, new species.
Plate 11, figs. 3-4.

Albatross station 2665. May 2, 1886. Lat. 27° 22' N.; long. 78° 07' 30" W.;
338 fathoms; fne. gy. s.; temp. 45.2° F. One specimen.

Type.— Cat. No. 32296, U.S.N.M.

This single specimen is, unfortunately, in very bad condition; one part of the
upper face of the disk is lacking, and the latter has been stretched in one direction,
which has somewhat altered its shape; moreover, three of the arms are broken
on the level of their insertion on the disk, and are entirely lacking, the other two
being preserved only to a length of scarcely one centimeter. However, all the
characters of the species are very clear, and one can easily ascertain that they
do not refer to any known form.

The diameter of the disk measures 1 3 mm. in one direction and about 1 0 mm.
in the other direction; the outline is pentagonal and the sides are almost straight.

The upper face is covered all over with granules which are rounded, unequal,
rough, and very closely arranged; besides, between these granules, there are fairly
strong, elongated, conical, and pointed spines, the number of which is rather
important. The whole somewhat reminds one of the arrangement known in
Ophiolimna mixta (Lyman) or littoralis Kcehler; but here the granules He more
closely and the spines (the shape of which, by the way, is different) are much more
pointed. The underlying plates are completely invisible, and so are the radial
shields. But the covering of the upper face of the disk does not stop at the issue
of the arms, for the granules extend to a certain length of the upper face of the arms,
that is to say on four or five articles at least. But these granules, instead of remain-
ing rounded as they were on the disk, grow longer and become completely conical
and pointed; they are at least twice higher than wide, and they may henceforth
be called small spines. These pointed granules can not be compared with the
large spines of the upper face of the disk, which stop at the margin of the latter
and do not extend on the upper face of the arms. These little conical granules
first lie fairly close at the base of the arms; then they rapidly become few and far
between until they are finally lodged near the distal margin of the upper brachial
plates in the median part of the said margin. On the last article preserved they
amount to four, and I do not know on how much more of the arm they may occur.

OPHIUBANS OF UNITED STATES NATIONAL MUSEUM. 97

The under part of the disk in the interradial spaces appears covered with
imbricated and distinct scales, especially in its proximal half. It shows, near the
margin, spines which are rather close to one another, and identical with those of
the upper face, but the granules are very scarce; the spines are farther apart and
shorter proximally, advancing, however, up to the neighborhood of the mouth
shields.

The latter are very large. Their chief part is triangular, wider than long,
with a fairly sharp proximal angle, the apex of which, though, is generally somewhat
rounded and limited by two straight or slightly incurved sides ; the side angles are
broadly rounded, and the distal side is occupied on most of its length by a wide and
much protruding lobe, having a rectangular shape, rounded lateral angles, and a
free margin, which is itself rounded and may carry one or two spines identical with
the neighboring ones. The adoral plates are extremely thin and most elongated;
they become a little thicker internally and grow up so as to lean against each other
for a certain length, following the interradial median line; they also grow a little
wider outwardly, embracing the external angle of the mouth shield, but they supply
only an extremely narrow blade, which scarcely separates this shield from the first
brachial side plate; their two margins are slightly sinuous, and the free margin is
rather deeply notched on the level of the large tentacular oral pore. The oral
plates are large, high, and quadrangular, with parallel margins. They show on
their free edge a set of oral papillae, of medium size, conical and pointed; then, on
the level of the tentacular oral pore, there appear two very long cylindrical and
pointed spines, which are of equal size, one of which is still inserted on the oral
plate, while the other issues from the adoral plate. On the under face itself of the
oral plates I observed in but one case a papilla located near the distal edge. At
the proximal end of each oral plate there is found a large conical papilla, larger than
the neighboring oral papillae, but it does not seem to me that there should be other
papillae in the same region, although I find in one place two very unimportant little
swellings; moreover, these parts are far from being entire.

The first upper brachial plates have their outlines almost completely hidden
by the conical granules which cover them all over; they seem to me likely to be
more or less divided up. The plates which come next to the aforesaid, and only
two or three of which are preserved, are rather narrow, a little longer than wide,
triangular, with a rounded proximal angle limited by two slightly convex sides,
joining by broadly rounded angles the very convex distal side. All the preserved
plates are contiguous.

The first under brachial plate is elongated and narrow, triangular, with a
concave distal side and a very acute proximal angle; it is already separated from
the second one. All the other succeeding plates may be considered as pentagonal,
with an extremely obtuse proximal angle, limited by two concave sides, two diver-
gent lateral sides, which are deeply excavated by the large corresponding tentacular
pores and united to the distal side by elongated and acute angles; this distal side is
very wide and shows in its middle a strong notch. The proximal part of the plates
is always narrower than the distal part, and these plates are narrowed in their
middle. They are all longer than wide and widely separated by the lateral plates.

98 BULLETIN 84, UNITED STATES NATIONAL MUSEUM.

The latter are not protruding and each bears five spines, which remain applied
on the lateral faces of the arms. The first under spine, which is cylindrical with a
blunt point, is a little longer than the article, but the length does not grow much
up to the last one. The following spines are flattened and they may bear on their
edges, and more especially on their upper edge, extremely strong and protruding
teeth, which are broadly conical and sharp ; these teeth are often few, but then they
are generally widely set apart; they are more numerous on the spines of the first
articles. Moreover, it seems to me that the spines appear especially flattened and
strongly denticulated on the first brachial articles only, while they assume beyond
that point a more cylindrical shape at the same time as the teeth disappear, but as
I can study their characters only on very short arm pieces, I can not possibly assert
anything on the subject.

The tentacular pores are rounded and extremely large; their diameter exceeds
half the length of the article. I have previously said that each of the tentacular
oral pores carried on its interradial edge two very long and thick spines; they are,
in fact, as long as one and a half brachial articles; on the contrary, the radial edge
of these pores is completely unarmed. The following two or three pairs of pores
are absolutely deprived of spines and not until the third or fourth pore does appear,
near the middle of the external side of the brachial under plate, a pretty thin spine,
which is very long, as long in fact as two-thirds of the article; this spine represents
the single tentacular scale of each brachial pore. The two spines of the same article
are parallel and pretty regularly directed toward the extremity of the arm. I have
not succeeded in finding any indication either of a second spine or of a second
tentacular scale, although, in spite of their thinness, most of the spines are preserved,
and where they have been torn away the small tubercles on which they were inserted
can easily be recognized. If there were a second spine, a trace of it could certainly
be found, so that I think I am justified in stating that each tentacular brachial pore
has a single scale in the shape of a long and thin spine, inserted on the radial edge
and lacking on the first articles.

The color of the sample in alcohol is white.

Connections and differences. — 0. permixta is evidently closely allied to 0. cervi-
cornis described by Lyman (83, p. 257) from specimens found by the Blake in the
Caribbean Sea, between 208 and 573 fathoms, and which Verrill classified in his
genus Ophiopristis (99 a, pp. 336, 337, 338, and 347). But the new species is clearly
distinct from the latter, owing to the spines of the tentacular oral pore being
only two, owing to there being one spine only instead of two on the radial
edge of the brachial tentacular pores, and lastly, owing to the very different
shape of the mouth shields, which display a very wide distal lobe. I can not com-
pare the two species regarding the disk armature and the number of the brachial
spines. In fact, Lyman says ' ' disk densely beset with short rounded pointed spines, ' '
and he indicates five brachial spines (83, p. 258), while Verrill writes (99 a, p. 347) :
"Disk and radial shields covered with fine granules and small acute spines," and
at the same time he indicates six brachial spines, while in the same work, a few
pages before (p. 336), he mentions only five.

OPHIURANS OF UNITED STATES NATIONAL MUSEUM. 99

OPHIACANTHA (OPHIOTRETA) AFFINIS, new species.
Plate 13, figs. 1-3.

Albatross station 2156. Apr. 30, 1884. Lat, 23° 10' 35" N.; long. 82° 21'
55" W.; 278 fathoms; co.; temp. 59.8° F. One specimen (type).

Albatross station 2321. Jan. 17, 1885. Lat. 23° 10' 54" N.; long. 82° 18' W.;
230 fathoms; fne. gy. s. Two specimens.

Albatross station 2346. Jan. 20, 1885. Lat. 23° 10' 39" N.; long. 82° 20'
21" W.; 200 fathoms; co. One specimen.

Albatross station 2348. Jan. 20, 1885. Lat. 23° 10' 39" N.; long. 82° 20'
21" W.; 211 fathoms; co. One specimen.

Type.— Cat. No. 7178, U.S.N.M.

The diameter of the disk ranges from 14 to 16 mm., and in one of the specimens
from station 2321, it does not exceed 11 or 12 mm. The arms are seldom complete
and they are broken at a certain distance from the base, but they are long, and, in
the smallest example from station 2321, one arm, which remains complete, measures
1 10 mm. Besides, the specimens are generally not in very good condition and they
have undergone some friction which has often taken away part of the spines of the
upper face of the disk; this face itself is sometimes torn.

This species is very interesting because it recalls, by several characters, Ophio-
pristis ensifera of Verrill, while by some others it is near Ophiaeantha (Ophiotreta)
valenciennesi. I shall describe it chiefly from the sample from station 2156, the
diameter of the disk of which reaches 15 mm., and two arms of which are preserved
to a certain length (70 and 55 mm., respectively).

The disk is rounded or subpentagonal. The upper face, slightly convex, is
covered with small, thin, imbricated plates, the outlines of which are well per-
ceived only when the spines borne by them are removed. Each of them is
provided with a short and conical spine, which is very thick at its base, so as to
beset a large part of the surface of the plate, two or two-and-a-half times longer
than wide and provided on its surface with fairly strong asperities which often
become a little more conspicuous at the end of the spine, where there are always two
or three of them. These spines always leave bare the radial shields, the outlines
of which are quite apparent; the latter are small, oval, or triangular, with rounded
angles, one-and-a-half times longer than wide, and widely separated by several
rows of plates, the middle one of which often includes two or three plates which
are larger than the others.

The under face of the disk is covered in the interradial spaces with plates
identical with those of the upper face, but deprived of spines, and extending as
far as the mouth shields. The genital slits are long and narrow.

The mouth shields are large and widened and recall those of Ophiopristis
ensifera of Verrill; they are triangular with a fairly open proximal angle which is
limited by straight or slightly incurved sides; the lateral angles are very wide and
strongly rounded; finally the distal side offers in its middle a wide lobe which does
not very strongly protrude into the interradial space; these shields are one-and-a-
half times wider than long. The adoral plates are narrow and greatly elongated,
inwardly widened, and they rest against each other, following the interradial
median line, for a fairly important length; they become narrower in their middle

100 BULLETIN 84, UNITED STATES NATIONAL MUSEUM.

region and wider again outwardly, where they build a blade which, besides, is very
thin, and which separates the mouth shield from the first lateral brachial plate.
The oral plates are very high and narrow, and do not exceed the middle of the adoral
plates. The oral plates bear on their free edge a sometimes rather irregular row of
oral papillae which most generally amount to seven; these papillae are conical,
elongated and rather narrow, with an obtuse end; sometimes there are one or two
supplementary papillae intercalated among the normal ones, breaking the arrange-
ment of the latter. The two external papillae scarcely differ from their neighbors;
they are, however, a little shorter and also slightly more widened and more obtuse,
but they can hardly be said to offer a peculiar differentiation. This row of oral
papillae suddenly stops outwardly, and it scarcely reaches the third part or the
middle of the tentacular mouth pore which remains absolutely unarmed around
its entire outline. In none of the specimens do I observe the slightest indication of
papillae, either on the external or the internal side of this pore, neither do I observe
it on the under face of the oral plate. At the extremity of the jaws, there appear
sometimes two and sometimes three large tooth papillae.

The shape of the upper brachial plates suggests that of Ophiopristis ensifera.
These plates are, however, comparatively a little wider than in the latter species,
and, besides, their shape is plainly triangular and not lozengelike; they offer, over
their whole length, a slight median crest. The very obtuse proximal angle is
limited by two slightly convex sides; the convex distal side offers, in its middle, a
small lobe which corresponds to the median keel; the lateral angles are very sharp.
On the first brachial articles, the median protuberance of the distal side is more
conspicuous, and this side itself may be resolved into two sides which meet by a
protruding and very obtuse angle. These plates are almost twice wider than long
and they are all contiguous.

The first brachial under plate is fairly small, trapezoidal, with a proximal side
which is larger than the distal side; these two sides are slightly convex and the
lateral sides are diverging. The following plates are pentagonal with a very obtuse
proximal angle, diverging lateral sides which are very widely excavated by the cor-
responding tentacular scales, and a very wide and strongly convex distal side. In
the largest specimens the first two or three plates have their proximal angle opened
to such an extent that it almost reaches 180° and the outline then becomes simply
rectangular. These under brachial plates are, first, much wider than long, then
they become narrower and just as wide as long, and finally they are longer than
wide; they always remain contiguous. The middle of each plate is slightly pro-
truding, chiefly near the proximal angle. On the surface of these plates and mainly
at a certain distance from the disk, one can see a mark consisting of two lines which,
starting from each antero-lateral angle, meet at an acute angle at a certain distance
in front of the distal side. This mark is not nearly so plain at the beginning of the
arms, where, besides, the two lines form a less acute angle; it is analogous to that
which Lyman has indicated in Ophiacaniha placentigera, a species which Verrill
also has classified in his genus Ophiotreta, but here it extends over a greater length
of the plate.

The lateral plates have on their distal side, which is fairly protruding and
thickened, five flattened, transparent spines which are provided on their edges

OPHIURANS OF UNITED STATES NATIONAL MUSEUM. 101

with extremely small, dense, and regular denticulations; these denticulations appear
almost on the whole length of the spines, excepting just near their basis, and they
become a little stronger toward the end. The length of the spines increases from
the first ventral, which reaches or even exceeds one-and-a-half articles, to the
last dorsal one which equals at least two-and-a-half articles; this latter spine is
often narrower than the others. On the large specimens one often finds seven
spines on the first articles, then they fall back to six and finally to five.

The tentacular scales first amount to two, a figure which is maintained over
a certain length of the arms, sometimes even over three centimeters, then, after
some irregularities, there finally remains but one tentacular scale. The external
scale is always much more developed than the internal one; it is large, triangular,
very much widened at the base and its end is pointed except on the first articles
where it is wider and almost oval; the surface is rough. The internal scale, partly
covered by the foregoing one, is shorter and narrower and its apex, which is less
pointed, often offers one or two little spinules. These two scales extend regularly,
with the characters I have just described, on to a certain number of articles; then,
at a variable distance from the base of the arms, the internal scale is seen to dis-
appear, either on one side or on the other, or on both sides at the same time, then
it appears again a little further on to disappear again and sometimes to reappear
once more, all of it in a very irregular manner. Sometimes after a large number of
articles which show but one tentacular scale on each side, one sees the internal scale
suddenly appear again on a single article, either on the right or on the left. Be it as
it may, the external scale finally persists alone until the end of the arms. The pores
of the first pair have sometimes three scales which are then smaller than the two
normal ones.

The color of the specimens in alcohol is a light brownish-yellow identical with
what is known in 0. valenciennesi, but that from station 2348 is simply greyish.
One can still trace two fairly wide longitudinal lines, of a somewhat darker brown,
which run on each side along the upper median line of the arms.

Connections and differences. — This species is very interesting, because, as I have
pointed out above, it recalls both Ophiopristis ensifera and Ophiacanfha (Ophiotreta)
valenciennesi. The arrangement of the oral papillae does not permit its being
classified in the genus Ophiopristis of Verrill, but the shape of the upper and under
brachial plates, as well as that of the mouth shields, the presence of fairly large
radial shields and the armature of the plates of the upper face of the disk consisting
of small and short echinulated spines, recall Ophiopristis ensifera. 0. affinis
is near the few species classified by Verrill in his subgenus Ophiotreta, and chiefly
near 0. valenciennesi with which it was even associated at station 2321. It plainly
differs from the latter species by the tentacular scales, two of which appear on a
certain part of the length of the arms and have quite a different shape, by the
mouth shields being large and broadly widened instead of small and elongated,
by the scales of the disk being armed with real little spines instead of mere granules,
by the brachial spines being beset with denticulations over their whole length
and not only in the terminal part, and chiefly by the shape of the external oral
papillae which are hardly different from the preceding ones. Owing to this latter
character, 0. affinis has its place just at the limit of the genus Ophiotreta.

102 BULLETIN 84, UNITED STATES NATIONAL MUSEUM.

OPHIACANTHA (OPHIOTRETA) SERTATA (Lymau).

Ophwmitra sertata LYMAN (69), p. 326.
Ophiomitra sertata LYMAN (78), p. 231.
Ophiacantha sertata LYMAN (82), p. 198.
Ophiacanlha sertata LYMAN (83), p. 261.
Ophiotreta sertata VEBRILL (99), pp. 40 and 54.
Ophiotreta sertata VERRILL (99a), pp. 336, 337, 338, 348.
Ophiacantha sertata KCEHLER (07), p. 321.

Albatross station 2342. Jan. 19, 1885. Lat. 23° 10' 39" N.; long. 82° 20'
21" W.; 201 fathoms; co. One specimen.

Albatross station 2350. Jan. 20, 1885. Lat. 23° 10' 39" N.; long. 82° 20'
21" W.; 213 fathoms; co. Four specimens.

Albatross station 2655. May 2, 1886. Lat, 27° 22' N.; long. 78° 07' 30" W.;
338 fathoms; gy. s.; temp. 47.5° F. One specimen.

The diameter of the disk ranges between 5 and 8 mm. ; the specimens from
Station 2350 are in a fairly good state; the others have most of their arms broken
near the base.

This species was placed by Verrill in his subgenus Ophiotreta. The description
which Lyman published in 1869 is very complete and little has been added to it
since. In 1907, I published a drawing of the under face after two specimens from
the dredgings of the Blake which were given to the Jardin des Plantes.

I find again, on the distal side of the mouth shields, the few little spines which
were reported by Lyman. The brachial spines are more or less flattened and
translucent. Lyman wrote, in 1869, that the spines, amounting to seven, were all
rough; in both specimens in the Jardin des Plantes, the spines are provided with
fairly minute and dense denticulations. In the specimen from station 2655, these
denticulations are a little stronger and, besides, somewhat irregular and unequal;
among those from station 2350, the said denticulations are a little more apparent
on the largest specimens. The brachial pores of the first pair often carry two scales,
as I indicated in 1907.

The first upper brachial plates are often contiguous at the bases of the arms,
chiefly on the somewhat large specimens, then they part. In no specimen are
there any granules on the oral plates and the radial shields are always distinct;
both these characters allow 0. sertata to be distinguished from 0. lineolata to which
it is closely allied.

OPHIACANTHA (OPHIOTRETA) VALENCIENNES! Lyman.

See for bibliography:
Koehler (09), p. 188.

Albatross station 2320. Jan. 17, 1885. Lat, 23° 10' 39" N.; long. 82° 18'
48" W.; 130 fathoms; fne. co. Two specimens.

Albatross station 2321. Jan. 17, 1885. Lat. 23° 10' 54" N.; long. 82° 18' W.;
230 fathoms; fne. gy. s. Three specimens.

Albatross station 2334. Jan. 19, 1885. Lat. 23° 10' 42" N.; long. 82° 18'
24" W.; 67 fathoms; wh. co. One specimen.

OPHIURANS OF UNITED STATES NATIONAL MUSEUM. 103

Albatross station 2415. Apr. 1, 1885. Lat. 20° 44" N.; long. 79° 26' W.;
440 fathoms; co. crs. s. sh. for.; temp. 45.6° F. Fifteen specimens.

Albatross station 2663. May 4, 1886. Lat. 21° 56' N.; long. 79° 49' W.; 421
fathoms; br. s.; temp. 42.7° F. One specimen.

Havana. One specimen.

The shape of the mouth shields varies somewhat, the proximal angle being
more or less elongated and pointed, but they are always longer than wide. The
granules of the upper face of the disk extend generally over to the first one or two
upper brachial plates, and, on certain specimens, especially on some from station
2415, one may observe on the plates at the bases of the arms, from two to four very
short spines which start from the middle of the distal side.

I have already called attention to the wide geographical range of 0. valen-
ciennesi (06, p. 293, and 09, p. 189). The discovery of this species at station 2334
is very interesting since it shows that it can come up as high as 67 fathoms. I have
examined with special attention the specimen from that station; though rather
small, the diameter of the disk not exceeding 7 mm., it is quite characteristic and
there can be no doubt as to its identity.

OPUIOMITRELLA AMERICANA, new species.

Plate 15, figs. 1-2.

A single example found on a branch of Platycaulis danidsseni.

Type.—C&t. No. 32297, U.S.N.M.

The diameter of the disk reaches 6.5 mm. The arms are not complete; they
are preserved to a length of 12 to 15 mm. and could not have been very long.

.The disk is subpentagonal. The upper face ia covered with fairly thick and
sharply outlined plates, rather large, somewhat unequal, polygonal, with moreor
less rounded angles and not imbricated. These plates bear large thick globules
which are a little higher than wide and cylindrical with rounded ends and carry
very short, fine, and pointed spinules. The smaller plates bear but one globule
each but most of them have two and few have even three; nevertheless these glob-
ules always remain broadly separated from each other and are relatively few;
they lie closer to one another only at the margin of the disk. The radial shields,
of medium size, are larger than the largest plates of the disk, triangular, with a
plainly rounded proximal apex; they are as long as wide or a little longer than
wide; their surface is completely bare, but on their external edge are found a certain
number of granules, amounting to about half a dozen, identical with those existing
on the margin of the disk. These shields are wide apart and the intervals between
them are beset by plates which are usually arranged in one row only and may reach
a large size. The under face of the disk is covered all over with plates similar to
those of the upper face, but smaller, somewhat inbricated, and carrying granules
which, on the margin, are identical with those of the upper face which they succeed ;
these granules become smaller and less rough as they lie nearer the mouth shields.
The genital slits are very wide.

The mouth shields are middle-sized, triangular, much wider than long, with an
elongated proximal angle which has a rounded apex; the two lateral sides, slightly
excavated, meet the strongly convex distal edge by rounded angles; in the middle
6061°— Bull. 84—14 8

104 BULLETIN 84, UNITED STATES NATIONAL MUSEUM.

of the said distal edge there is a little lobe which is not very conspicuous. The
adoral plates are elongated, three times longer than wide, with parallel and slightly
incurvate sides; they are somewhat narrower inwardly and outwardly and they
do not separate the mouth shields from the first lateral brachial plate. The oral
plates are rather small and triangular. The oral papillae, amounting to three on
each side, are flattened, lanceolate, with a more or less blunt point; the external
papilla is a little wider than the others. The odd terminal papilla is a little more
developed than the next ones. The surface of these papillae is covered with very-
fine rugosities.

The first upper brachial plate is quadrangular and extremely short. The
second is longer and much more developed but it still remains quadrangular with
a very wide and convex distal side and divergent lateral sides. The following plates
are rather large, triangular, with an acute proximal angle, a convex distal side and
divergent lateral sides. Some globules, analogous to those of the upper face of the
disk, appear on the first brachial plates; the first plate shows four or five such
granules set in a row, generally on its distal margin; the second plate also displays,
on its distal margin, a little row of three such globules; lastly, the seven or eight
succeeding plates have each, on the middle of their distal margin, a single globule
which is somewhat more elongated than the preceding ones. These globules seem
to fall off easily and they are lacking on several plates; on one of the arms, however,
I find them very regularly preserved up to and including the seventh plate; beyond
it, they are always absent and I find no scar indicating their presence.

The first under brachial plate, fairly large, is quadrangular, with a widened
and almost straight proximal side, oblique lateral sides meeting, by means of
rounded angles, the distal side, which is narrow and also rounded. The succeeding
plates are fairly large and pentagonal, with a very obtuse proximal angle, straight
lateral sides, and a very convex distal side, which often displays, in its middle and
on the first plate, a small notch, more or less conspicuous. The second and third
plates are a little wider than long; beyond them the plates become as wide as long,
and finally a little longer than wide. They are separated from the second one.

Each lateral plate, fairly protruding, carries on its distal side five spines, the
length of which increases from the first ventral, which is equal to the article, to the
fourth, equal to one and a half articles; the fifth spine is somewhat shorter. These
spines are cylindrical, fairly pointed, and they bear dense and sharp asperities,
some of which even rise to more conspicuous denticulations, which, however, are
generally few in number.

The tentacular scale, always single, is very large, widened and lanceolate, and
its surface is rough; its length almost reaches that of the corresponding brachial
plate.

Connections and differences. — 0. americana is very near 0. globulifera (Kcehler),
which I have dredged on board the Caudan in the Bay of Biscay; it differs from it,
first by the characters of the globules of the upper face of the disk, which are rounded,
transparent, and completely smooth in 0. globulifera. Moreover, the globules are
completely lacking on the upper brachial plates in this latter species. The tentac-
ular scale is stronger in 0. americana, and the outlines of the mouth pieces are
somewhat different in the two species.

OPHIUBANS OF UNITED STATES NATIONAL MUSEUM. 105

OPHIOMITRELLA LEVIS, new species.
Plate 10, figs. 1 and 6.

Albatross station 2666. May 5, 1886. Lat. 30° 47' 30" N.; long. 79° 49' W.;
270 fathoms; gy. s.; temp. 48.3° F. Two specimens.

Type.—C&t. No. 32298, U.S.N.M.

Both specimens are small and the diameter of the disk does not exceed 4.5 to 5
mm.; neither of them is complete, and the arms are broken more or less near the
base. In the smaller one the disk is almost circular, whilst in the larger one it is
pentagonal, with rather excavated interradial spaces.

The upper face of the disk is indented at the base of the arms; it shows five
pairs of protruding ribs, which succeed the very small radial shields and it offers in
its central region a depression which follows each radius to the base of the arms
between the radial shields. This face is covered with scales, which are very small,
rounded, and imbricated; each of them bears a small stump, which is very wide
at the base and becomes rapidly thinner, in the shape of a peduncle, becoming
again wider at the end, which carries a crown of from six to eight very small diverging
spinules very regularly arranged. These stumps are closely approximated to one
another, owing to the small size of the plates which carry them; they form a very
regular and uniform covering over the upper face of the disk. One perceives at the
end of each radial rib a very narrow little shield, which is elongated, triangular, and
has a bare and finely granulous surface.

The under face of the disk offers in the interradial spaces a covering similar to
that of the upper face, but the plates are less dense, and the stumps grow thinner
at the same time as the terminal spinules are fewer and shorter, but these stumps
extend up to the external edge of the mouth shields. The genital slits are plainly
visible.

The mouth shields are middle-sized, triangular, with an acute proximal angle
limited by two concave sides which join by sharp angles the distal side, which is very
strongly convex; they are scarcely wider than long. The adoral plates are very
much developed and remarkably wide, one and a half times longer than wide; they
are narrowed in their distal part, and they do not separate the mouth shield from
the first lateral brachial plate. The oral plates are rather small, triangular, fairly
high. The oral papillae number three on each side; they are middle-sized and
conical, except the external papilla, which is rather obtuse; the odd terminal papilla
is wide, thick, and strong, often with a truncated apex; the surface of these papillae
is very rough. It should be noted that the distal sides of the mouth shields, of the
adoral plates, and of the first under brachial plate, build together the sides of a
regular pentagon, which is very conspicuous, has straight sides, and the angles of
which, corresponding to the distal sides of the mouth shields, are rounded.

The arms are moniliform. The first two upper brachial plates are triangular,
with a rather acute proximal angle and a slightly convex distal side; -they are a little
wider than long, and their dorsal surface is somewhat protruding. From the third
plate upward this face becomes more convex at the same time as the proximal
angle gets rounded, and the distal side becomes wider as well as more convex; the
plates thus offering some likeness with the campanuliform type. They are separated
from the base of the arm.

106 BULLETIN 84, UNITED STATES NATIONAL MUSEUM.

The first under brachial plate is fairly large, trapezoidal, with the proximal
side widened and slightly excavated in its middle the lateral sides are oblique and
they meet by rounded angles a small distal side; this plate is somewhat longer than
wide in the smaller sample and, on the contrary, it is a little wider than long in the
larger one. The next plates are large, pentagonal, with a proximal angle, which is
still fairly well delineated on the second plate, but which afterwards becomes very
obtuse; the lateral sides are narrow and the distal side is very wide and slightly
convex. These plates are always much wider than long, and they are separated
from the basis of the arm by an interval which becomes fairly long from the second
plate upward.

The lateral plates are fairly protruding and they carry nine spines each at the
basis of the arms; the two rows on each side are very much approximated dorsally.
The length of the spines increases from the first ventral one, which is shorter than
the article upward, to the last two dorsal ones; the latter scarcely exceed one and a
half articles at the basis of the arms, and afterwards become much shorter.
These spines are thin, cylindrical, and pointed; they are provided with fine and
dense denticulations, which are particularly obvious on the ventral spines, and less
so on the dorsal side.

The tentacular scale is small, conical, with a blunt point, and its surface is
rough.

Connections and differences. — Ophiomitretia levis seems to me to be very near
0. Isevipellis (Lyman), which it recalls by its small size, by the shape of the upper
and under brachial plates, by a like arrangement of the mouth pieces, etc. It
differs from it in having the covering of the disk made of stumps regularly ending
in a diverging bunch of minute spinules, whilst in 0. Isevipellis these plates carry
only some rounded globules which seem to be much caducous, for the plates are
most often bare; the oral papillae regularly amount to three in the two examples of
0. levis which I had in hand, whilst in 0. Isevipellis they vary in number even in the
same specimen. Lastly, the brachial spines are more strongly echinulated than
in the new species. Though 0. Isevipellis is likely to offer certain variations, which
have been studied chiefly by Verrill (99 a, p. 343), these variations are of a kind
which does not allow of 0. levis being united with 0. Isevipellis; especially the cover-
ing of the upper face of the disk remains as a most striking characteristic of the new
species.

OPHIOMITRELLA L.EV1PELLIS (Lyman).

Plate 13, figs. 4-5.

Ophiawntha Ixvipellis LYMAN (83), p. 259, pi. 6, figa. 82-84.
Ophiomitrella Isevipellis VERRILL (99), pp. 39, 43.
Ophiomitrella Ixvipellis VERRILL (99o), pp. 326, 332, 343, and 362.

Albatross station 2159. Apr. 30, 1884. Lat. 23° 10' 39" N.; long 82° 20'
08" W.; 98 fathoms; co. A single specimen.

The diameter of the disk is only 5 mm. The specimen is rather incomplete;
two arms are completely lacking and the others are only partly preserved. The
example is quite in conformity with VerrilTs description, which has completed and
corrected Lyman's, and the very small granules of the upper face of the disk are
very few; I have, besides, compared it with a specimen determined by Verrill
which has been sent to me by the United States National Museum.

OPHIUBANS OF UNITED STATES NATIONAL MUSEUM. 107

OPHIOMITRELLA PORRECTA, new species.

Plate 12, figs. 5-6.

Albatross station 2781. Feb. 4, 1888. Lat. 51° 52' S.; long. 73° 41' W.; 369
fathoms; bu. m.; temp. 49.9° F. Three specimens.
Type.— Cat. No. 32299, U.S.N.M.

The diameter of the disks measure, respectively, 6.5, 4.5, and 3 mm. ; in the
largest specimen the length of the arms reaches 28 mm.

The disk is rounded and subpentagonal but not excavated in the interradial
spaces. The upper face is covered with fairly large imbricated plates, the outlines
of which are not very conspicuous in the largest specimen, owing to their being hidden
by the tegument, but these outlines are more distinct on the two smaller specimens.
On the latter, also, it is more easy to discern the presence of small elongated radial
shields, which are triangular and narrow, widely separated, while they are hardly
distinct from the neighboring plates on the largest specimen. Each plate carries
a large spine which is very rough, rather short, thick at its base, and has about the
same width over its whole length. At the end of the said spine appear a few large
unequal, and irregularly arranged spinules, which may in turn carry some secondary
denticulations; it happens often, but not constantly, that the spinules amount to
three and are arranged divergently. The length of the spines is variable. Instead
of being cylindrical, the spines may be simply conical, and, in this case, they are
provided only with strong rugosities.

The under face of the disk is covered with rounded and imbricated plates, the
outlines of which are more distinct than on the upper face, and each of which carries
a conical spine which extends as far as the mouth shield. These spines are always
very rough, but the terminal crown of spinules has disappeared. The genital slits
are wide.

The rather small mouth shields are lozenge-shaped with an obtuse proximal
angle, a very much rounded distal angle, almost equal and straight sides; they are
somewhat wider than long. The rather small adoral plates are fairly wide, but
short, twice or two and a half times longer than wide; they are widened outwardly,
but they do not separate the mouth shield from the first lateral brachial plate.
The oral plates are narrow and elongated. The oral papillae amount to three on
each side; they are elongated, conical, and rough, fairly strong; the external oral
papilla has about the same shape as the other two, although its end is a little more
obtuse. The single tooth papilla is a little stronger but of the same shape as the
neighboring ones.

The middle-sized upper brachial plates are triangular, with a fairly open
proximal angle and a convex distal side; they are about as wide as long, or a little
wider than long, and widely separated from the basis of the arms.

The first under brachial plate is fairly large, pentagonal, with a narrow proxi-
mal side, two diverging lateral sides excavated by the tentacular mouth pore, and
two distal sides which meet by a very obtuse angle. The succeeding plates are
pentagonal, with an obtuse proximal angle, lateral sides which are slightly excavated
by the tentacular scale, and a wide and convex distal side. These plates are at
first a little wider than long, then they finally become a little longer than wide;

108 BULLETIN 84, UNITED STATES NATIONAL MUSEUM.

also their distal side becomes more and more convex and even protruding. All
these plates are separated from one another from the first one upward.

The fairly protruding lateral plates carry six spines each. The first ventral
one is very short and thin; the two following ones are about equal to the article,
then the length increases up to the last dorsal one which exceeds two articles at the
base of the arms; the rows formed by these spines are not dorsally approximated.
These spines are thin and pointed, beset with small denticulations which, as a rule,
are very thin, conical, and rather loosely distributed. These denticulations, which
are never much developed, appear chiefly on the ventral and lateral spines and
become less apparent on the last dorsal spine.

The tentacular scale is large, strong, lanceolate, with an obtuse point, and its
surface is strongly rough; it is notably longer than half the corresponding brachial
plate.

Connections and differences. — 0. porrecta stands evidently at the limit between
the genus Ophiacantha and the genus Ophiomitrella, for the plates of the upper face
of the disk, although being not only apparent but very plain on the younger speci-
mens, become somewhat indistinct as they grow older. Besides, I note a like
peculiarity in other Ophiacanthidse and, especially, in Ophiacantha aristata Koehler,
where, however, the plates remain somewhat easier to perceive on the larger samples.
It is with this latter species that 0. porrecta is most closely allied. It differs from it
in having the plates of .the upper face of the disk bear actual spinulous spines
instead of those stumps provided at their ends with those spinulous expansions
which are so peculiar and which I have described and figured for 0. aristata (09,
pi. 26, fig. 6); in the upper brachial plates a little larger than in 0. aristata,
where they remain very small and compressed; in the lateral brachial plates which
are stronger and which carry, on their strongly thickened distal side, spines which
are more numerous, longer, and arranged in rows, which at the basis of the arms
are approximated dorsally. The tentacular scale, at least, is less developed and
less rough in 0. porrecta than in 0. aristata.

I beg to call attention to the latitude of the station where 0. porrecta has been
discovered; this species very likely represents in the Southern Hemisphere the
0. aristata of the Northern Hemisphere.

OPmOMITRA ROBUSTA, new species.

Plate 10, figs. 4-5.

Albatross station 2347. Jan. 20, 1885. Lat. 23° 10' 39" N.; long. 82° 20'
21 "W.; 21 6 fathoms; co. One specimen.

Type.—C&i. No. 32300, U.S.N.M.

This specimen is very incomplete; two arms are completely lacking, the other
three are broken off close to their bases and only a few articles are preserved; yet
the disk and the remaining parts of the arms are in excellent condition and the
specimen can perfectly well be described. I consider it as belonging to a new
species.

The disk is thick and slightly excavated at the level of the insertion of the arms,
while it is most protruding in the interradial spaces. Its diameter is 16 mm.;
the arms are wide and strong; the specimen must have been very robust.

OPHIUBANS OF UNITED STATES NATIONAL MUSEUM. 109

The upper face of the disk is covered with very distinct plates which are of
middle size, pretty unequal, and imbricated; they display on their free margin an
extremely narrow fringe. Each plate is provided with a spine which is rather
strong and thick, but variably long and has always a very rough surface. Some-
times these spines are elongated, presenting a certain number of strong, conical,
and pointed teeth and having at their ends a few sharp spinules; sometimes, on the
contrary, they are short, although still terminated by some denticulations. The
interradial spaces are especially the place where the spines are most developed,
and the latter are particularly elongated at the margin of the disk, while in the
radial regions they are very short and may even be reduced to simple granules,
somewhat elongated and with a simply rough surface. The radial shields, clearly
distinct, and of middle size, are triangular with their angles and margins rounded,
a little longer than wide, and separated on their whole length by one or two ranges
of plates; these shields show on their surfaces a few rounded or conical granules,
loosely and irregularly arranged, somewhat smaller than the neighboring granules.
Occasionally in a radius the two radial shields of the same pair are joined into a
single plate.

The under face of the disk is provided with plates carrying spines identical
with those of the upper face and which extend as far as the mouth shields, but the
size of these spines decreases progressively until they are reduced to mere granu-
lations in the vicinity of the said shields; their surface is still very rough but they
no longer offer such very distinct denticulations as on the upper face. The genital
slits are narrow and elongated.

The mouth shields, of middling size, are a little wider than long, triangular,
with a rounded distal lobe, which protrudes more or less into the interradial space;
the proximal angle is obtuse, limited by straight sides which unite with the convex
distal edge by rourSed angles. The adoral plates are rather small, with the prox-
imal edge slightly incurved; they are wider externally, but they do not separate
the mouth shield from the first brachial side plate. The oral plates are fairly
large, higher than wide. The oral papillae amount to six or seven on each side;
the two external ones, widened and flattened, cover the tentacular mouth pore;
the others are thinner, elongated, and conical, with a blunt point. There is,
moreover, a certain number of tooth papillae which are not all preserved in this
specimen, but the trace of which, at least, may be detected; some of them, amounting
to three or four, are a little larger than the oral papillae and directed horizontally;
the others, amounting to about the same number and arranged behind the former,
are smaller and directed obliquely downwards.

The upper brachial plates are rather small and about as long as wide; they are
triangular or lozenge-shaped, according to the outline of the distal edge which is
sometimes very strongly convex, sometimes plainly bent into two distinct sides
joined by a more or less blunt angle; the proximal angle is fairly open; the lateral
edges are divergent and join by very sharp angles on the distal side. These plates
are separated by a narrow interval. One can plainly distinguish, all along the
distal margin of the said plates, a set of very fine, sharp, and short little spines;
moreover, on closer examination, some similar but still shorter little spines will be
seen which are irregularly scattered over all the upper face of the plate. The

110 BULLETIN 84, UNITED STATES NATIONAL MUSEUM.

lateral parts of the upper plates have preserved a brownish-pink color, and there is,
besides, a large purple-brown spot on the lateral plates on either side of the distal
edge of the upper plate; the whole must have had in the live animal the appearance
of a bicolored stripe extending all along the upper face of the arms.

The first under brachial plate is small, quadrangular, longer than wide, narrow
between the two corresponding adoral plates ; the narrow proximal side is divided
into two parts by a median furrow extending on the under face of the plate. The
following plates are very large, quadrangular, having a convex distal side and lateral
edges, which are divergent and strongly excavated at the corresponding tentacular
scale; one can hardly speak of a proximal angle, except for the first plates, where
this angle is very obtuse, while it reaches 180° on the following plates, the sides of
this angle being continuous and transverse, forming a proximal side. The first
plate is already a little wider than long, but the following ones grow very rapidly
wider until they become almost twice wider than long; these plates are almost
contiguous, the interval between them being extremely narrow.

The lateral brachial plates are short, but their distal side is very wide and thick.
They each are provided at the basis of the arms with nine large and strong spines,
the first ventral being equal to one and a half articles, and the last dorsal exceeding
four articles; the rows are not approximate dorsally. These spines are provided
with fine denticulations loosely spread but not very conspicuous and which generally
are even completely lacking on the large upper spines.

The single tentacular scale is extremely developed; it is wide, thick, and
lanceolate, ending in a blunt and scarcely rough point; the length of that scale
almost reaches that of the corresponding brachial under plate. The first pore
carries always two scales, but the following ones have but one; however, I excep-
tionally find on one of the arms another pore provided with two scales.

Connections and differences. — 0. rdbusta is allied chiefly to 0. ornata Verrill and
0. spinea Verrill. It can easily be distinguished from 0. ornata, the radial shields
of which are contiguous on their whole length, and the mouth shields, as well as
the upper and under brachial plates of which, have a different shape ; moreover, the
brachial spines amount to five only; the characters of this species clearly appear
in VerriU's figures. The second species has not been represented and is known only
by a rather short description by Verrill; the radial shields are externally contiguous;
the adoral plates are thick and crescent-shaped; the brachial spines, which amount
to nine, as in 0. rdbusta, are provided with very strong denticulations; lastly, the
oral papillae are much more numerous. All these characters fail to apply to the
specimen gathered by the Albatross, but, unfortunately, Verrill gave no information
regarding the shape of the under and upper brachial plates of 0. spinea, which
plates are especially characteristic in 0. rdbusta.

OPHIOMITRA VALIDA Lyman.

See for bibliography :
Verrill (09a), p. 353.

Fish Hawk station 7280. Feb. 14, 1902. Lat. 24° 17' 05" N.; long. 81° 58'

25" W.; 132 fathoms; s.; temp. 52° F. Five specimens.

Fish Hawk station 7281. Feb. 14, 1902. Lat. 24° 13' 45" N.; long. 81° 58'

15" W.; 304 fathoms; s.; temp. 52° F. Two specimens.

OPHIUEANS OF UNITED STATES NATIONAL MUSEUM. Ill

The diameter of the disk is generally about 10 mm.; in the larger specimen it
is 13 mm., and in the smaller 5.5 mm.

The description which has been given by Lyman of 0. valida was established
on some young specimens; it was completed by Verrill, who made this species the
type of the genus Ophiomitra, s. str., and I can but refer to that author's work.

0. valida is not much known, except in the Caribbean Sea and on the coasts of
Florida, but it has a very wide bathymetrical distribution, for it is said to extend
between 10 and 1,105 fathoms.

OPH1OPORA BARTLETTI (Lyman).

See for bibliography :
Koehler (09), p. 195.

Albatross, 1886. Bahamas. No depth mentioned. One specimen.
The specimen is in very bad condition; the upper face of the disk has been torn
out and the arms are broken about the base, but still it is quite characteristic.

OPHIOLIMNA LITTORALIS Koehler.
Ophiolimna littoralis KCEHLER (13), p. 370, pi. 21, figs. 1-3.

Havana, three specimens ; no depth indicated.

The diameter of the disk ranges between 7 and 10 mm. I have mentioned
these specimens in the description which I have recently given of this new species,
to which please refer.

OPHIOLEDA MINIMA Koehler.

Ophioleda minima KCEHLER (07), p. 293, pi. 21, figs. 44, 45.

Ophioplinthaca occlusa KCEHLER, Bull. Mus6e Oc6an. Monaco, No. 99, 1907, p. 4.

Ophioleda minima KOEHLER, Mem. Soc. Zool. France for 1906, vol. 19, 1908, p. 26.

Ophioplinthaca occlusa KCEHLER (00), p. 194, pi. 28, figs. 5, 6.

•

Albatross station 2666. May 5, 1886. Lat. 30° 47' 30" N.; long. 79° 49' W.;
270 fathoms; gy. s.; temp. 48.3° F. A few specimens.

Albatross station 2667. May 5, 1886. Lat. 30° 53' N.; long. 79° 42' 30" W.;
273 fathoms; gy. s. bk. sp.; temp. 48.7° F. Numerous specimens.

Fish Hawk station 7283. Feb. 19, 1902. Lat. 24° 17' 30" N.; long. 81° 53'
30" W.; 127 fathoms; s. gr.; temp. 53° F. One specimen.

About this species there has arisen a very unfortunate confusion and I am glad to
avail myself of the present opportunity to clear it up. This confusion is accounted
for by some delays, due to no fault of mine, in the printing or publishing of pre-
liminary notes or of final papers in which I gave the description of this Ophiuran.
I had introduced the genus Ophioleda and described 0. minima in volume 19 of the
M6moires de la societ6 zoologique de France; my manuscript, transmitted in 1907,
was not published until 1908 in a volume dated 1906; meanwhile, the report of the
Expeditions Scientifiques du Travailleur et du Talisman containing my final paper on
the Ophiurans gathered by these two vessels, had been published (1907). On the
other hand, in the same year, 1907, 1 had described the same species under the name
of Ophioplinthaca occlusa, in the preliminary note No. 99 in the Bulletin du MusSe
Oc^anographique de Monaco, without having been able to record on the proofs
the synonymy of that species; the same text was printed, about the same time, in

112 BULLETIN 84, UNITED STATES NATIONAL MUSEUM.

the R<3sultats des campagnes scientifiqucs du Prince de Monaco, but the rather
important pamphlet in which my paper is included did not come out until 1909;

1 was also unable to insert in it the synonymy which I am establishing -here.

Having now explained this situation I beg to recall that 0. minima was
found by the expeditions of the TravaiUeur and of the Talisman, about latitude
41°-44° N., and longitude 9°-ll° W., between 1,220 and 1,350 m., and by the
Princesse Alice in latitude 32° N., and longitude 16° W., at 1,425 m.

This species is always very small, the diameter of the disk scarcely exceeding

2 to 2.5 mm.; the specimen from station 7283 is somewhat stronger than the others.

OPHIOTREMA GRACILIS, new species.

Plate 12, figs. 1-2.

Albatross station 2751. Nov. 28, 1887. Lat. 16° 54' N.; long. 63° 12' W.;
687 fathoms; bu. glob, oz.; temp. 40° F. One specimen.

Type.— Cat. No. 32301, U.S.N.M.

The sample is not perfect for the under face of the disk is partly torn away;
the other parts are fairly well preserved. Almost all the arms are complete; they
are slender and about 45 to 50 mm. long. The disk is somewhat disfigured and
stretched along two radii, therefore one of the diameters equals 11 mm. while
the other is only 8 mm.; its outline is pentagonal but the sides are unequal owing
to the deformity sustained; moreover, some of the sides are straight or slightly
excavated, and the others are a little convex.

The upper face of the disk is depressed and covered with small fine plates
which are equal, hardly imbricated and almost rounded with very sharp outlines.
Each of these plates carries at its middle a small slender spine, which is conical,
rather short, with an elongated and sharp point. The radial shields, although
rather small, are quite distinct from the neighboring plates; they are elongated,
triangular, twice longer than wide with a rounded distal margin and a very acute
proximal angle; their surfaces are absolutely bare. The two shields of each pair
are arranged more or less divergently but they are always separated from each
other by several series of plates.

The under face of the disk is covered all over by plates identical with those of
the upper face, but the spines borne by the former do not appear except in the
distal half of the disk and do not reach the mouth shields. The genital slits are
narrow but plainly visible.

The mouth shields are middle-sized, triangular, much wider than long, with a
widely opened proximal angle, and almost straight lateral sides joining by rounded
angles the distal side which displays in its middle a rounded lobe rather strongly
protruding in the interradial space. The adoral plates are extremely elongated and
much thinner on all the part which is close to the mouth shield, but on the contrary
broadly widened outwardly where they constantly form an important lobe which
widely separates the mouth shield from the first lateral brachial plate; they arc
inwardly contiguous on the interradial median line, where their ends become rounded
and sometimes also slightly widened. The oral plates are high and narrow. On

OPHIUKANS OF UNITED STATES NATIONAL MUSEUM. 113

their free edges they each carry five conical and pointed papillae ; the most external
ones are thin, then their width slightly increases up to the last one which becomes
rather wide and contiguous with the median tooth papilla; these five papillae form
an uninterrupted row. There are no other tooth papillae besides the odd median
one. Off the next papilla, and isolated from it by a varying interval, there is
another papilla which is inserted near the juncture of the oral and adoral plates,
and which consequently corresponds to the proximal side of the tentacular mouth
pore; a little further appears a second similar papilla which is also inserted on the
adoral plate, but which corresponds to the middle of the tentacular mouth pore.
These two papilla? are more elongated than the others and they are almost spiniform,
especially the latter.

The upper brachial plates are rather small, triangular, with a convex distal
edge and a fairly open proximal angle which is often slightly rounded; they are
almost as long as wide. These plates are separated from the bases of the
arms by an interval which progressively increases and which, beyond the first half
of the arms, exceeds the length of the said plates.

The first brachial middle-sized under plate is trapezoidal, with a wider proximal
side, a fairly narrow distal side and divergent lateral sides; it is already separated
from the second one by a narrow interval. The succeeding plates are pentagonal
with a very obtuse proximal angle, which, beyond the disk, is so widely open that
it almost reaches 180°; the lateral sides are divergent and widely excavated by the
tentacular pores: they join by acute angles the distal side which is very wide and
strongly convex and has in its middle a very conspicuous notch. These plates
are much longer than wide and they remain separated on the whole length of the
arms by an interval which by degrees grows longer, without, however, becoming as
important as on the upper face.

The little protruding side plates bear four fine, cylindrical, elongated, and
pointed spines which are more or less divergent and set apart from the arm; the
length of these spines increases from the first ventral which is a little longer than
half the article to the last dorsal which is almost equal to one and a half articles.

The tentacular scales of the brachial pores show the characteristic arrangement
of the genus Ophiotrema, that is to say, they appear in the shape of very small,
fine, and pointed spines arranged on the proximal edge and on the internal or
radial edge of each pore; these spines, amounting to five or six on each pore, are
seldom preserved integrally; they have not always the same length, and those of the
proximal side of the pore are sometimes a little longer than the others.

Connections and differences. — 0. gracilis evidently belongs to the genus
Ophiotrema as I have established it. It differs from the single known species,
0. alberti, in having slender arms and only four brachial spines which are thin and
elongated, much longer and finer than in 0. alberti where they amount to five and
always remain applied against the lateral faces of the arms. The upper brachial
plates are narrower, smaller, and more widely separated; the under brachial
plates are longer in 0. gracilis. The tentacular mouth pore is provided with only
two papillae which are elongated, cylindrical, and pointed, rather spiniform, instead
of three short and oval papillae such as exist in 0. alberti. The small spines of

114 BULLETIN 84, UNITED STATES NATIONAL MUSEUM.

the brachial tentacular pores also seem to me longer and more slender than in the
latter species.

The single existing sample of 0. gracilis being smaller than most of the 0. alberti
which I have studied, might induce one to think that some of the differences I
mention are due to the youth of the subject. I therefore took pains to compare
with the example from the Albatross the two specimens which were gathered in 1895
by the Princesse Alice, one of which is only 6 mm. across the disk. Now, this
young specimen already possesses on the tentacular mouth pore the three charac-
teristic papillae of 0. alberti with their usual shape; the brachial spines, amounting to
five, are short, fairly thick and always remain applied against the lateral faces of the
arms. The differences are absolutely striking between this specimen and my
0. gracilis. One will also notice that the latter species was dredged from a lesser
depth than 0. alberti.

The drawings which I have published of 0. alberti being, of course, somewhat
schematic, I thought I had better reproduce here some photographs of a specimen
from the cruises of the TravaiUeur and the Talisman so as to illustrate more fully
the differences between the two species (pi. 12, figs. 3, 4).

The form of the two papilla? carried by the tentacular mouth pore in 0. gracilis,
reminds one of the single papilla existing at this place in the genus Ophiomedea,
which I introduced in 1907; but in the latter genus this single papilla is much
stronger than in 0. gracilis, and the other mouth papillae are but three on each side;
the shape and arrangement of the tentacular brachial scales are, besides, quite
different in the two genera, and, although 0. gracilis recalls by some characters the
genus Ophiomedea, there can be no question about the latter belonging to the genus
Ophiotrema.

OPmOCAMAX AUSTERA Verrill.

Ophiocamax austera VERRILL (99), p. 60, pi. 6, figs. 1, la.
Ophiocamax austera VERRILL (99a), p. 355.

Albatross station 2655. May 2, 1886. Lat. 27° 22' N.; long. 78° 07' 30" W.;
338 fathoms; gy. s.; temp. 47.5° F. Two specimens.

Albatross station 2656. May 3, 1886. Lat. 28° 08' N.; long. 78° 28' W.;
540 fathoms; for.; temp. 41.2° F. One specimen in very bad condition.

Albatross. Havana; no depth mentioned. Three specimens.

The diameter of the disk varies between 8 and 14 mm.; the specimens are
rather well preserved though their arms are almost all broken, and they are quite
in accordance with Verrill's description.

OPHIOCAMAX FASCICULATA Lyman.

Ophiocamax fasdculata LYMAN (83), p. 265, pi. 7, figs. 92-94.
Ophiocamax fasciculate, KCEHLER (97), p. 360.
Ophiacamax fasdculata KCEHLER (99), p. 67.
Ophiocamax fasdculata KCEHLER (07), p. 316.

Albatross station 2125. Feb. 8, 1884. Lat. 11° 43' N.; long. 69° 09' 30" W.;
208 fathoms; yl. m. s. bk. sp.; temp. 50.7° F. Several specimens.

Albatross station 2129. Feb. 27, 1884. Lat. 19° 56' 04" N., long. 75° 48'
55" W.; 274 fathoms; bu. m. fne. s. Several specimens.

OPHIURANS OF UNITED STATES NATIONAL MUSEUM. 115

Fish Hawk station 7285. Feb. 19, 1902. Lat.24° 15' 00"; long. 81° 47' 30" W.;
306 fathoms; s.; temp. 47.5° F. Several specimens (diameter of the disk, 5-12 mm.).

Fish Hawk station 7286. Feb. 19, 1902. Lat.24° 18' 00"; long. 81° 47' 45" W.;
133 fathoms; s.; temp. 53.5° F. Five specimens (diameter of the disk, 8-12 mm.).

OPHIOLOGLMUS SECUNDUS, new species.
Plate 16, figs. 4-5.

Albatross station 2666. May 5, 1886. Lat. 30° 47' 30" N.; long. 79° 49' W.;
294 fathoms; gy. s.; temp. 48.3° F. Four specimens.

Type.—C&t. No. 32302, U.S.N.M.

All the examples are small; in the largest one the diameter of the disk is 6 mm.,
and the arms are 16 mm. long.; in the others the diameter of the disk ranges between
3 and 4 mm. The arms number six in the four specimens.

The disk is circular or hexagonal with rounded angles. The upper face is
covered with extremely thin and transparent plates, which are small, rounded,
imbricated, and of a uniform size, both at the center and at the margin, without the
slightest indication of primary plates.

There are radial shields which are not very conspicuous, although notably
larger than the adjacent plates; they are triangular, elongated, one and a half times
or even twice longer than wide, and broadly separated by four or five rows of plates.
The plates of the upper face of the disk extend a little over on the arms, but not so
far as in Ophiologimus hexactis H. L. Clark.

The under face of the disk displays a covering of plates which are identical
with those of the upper face and altogether uniform; these plates extend as far as
the mouth shield. The genital plates are thin, elongated, and not very apparent.
The genital slits are large and broadly open.

The middle-sized mouth shields have a triangular chief portion and a widened
distal lobe, which protrudes more or less into the interradial space; the proximal
angle is obtuse, rounded, and limited by two sides also rounded; these shields are
almost as long as wide. The adoral plates are narrow and elongated; they are a
little widened in their internal part, where they lean against each other along
the interradial median line, and they are still more widened outwardly, so as to
separate broadly the mouth shield from the first lateral brachial plate. The oral
plates are triangular and very high. The oral papilla3, which amount to seven or
eight on each side, are very small, narrow, and conical: however, the two external
papillae, which correspond to the oral tentacular pore, are somewhat larger: the odd
tooth papilla is a little more elongated than the others. Another somewhat elon-
gated and conical papilla starts from the angle of the adoral plate and the first
under brachial plate, and is directed toward the mouth.

The arms are fairly narrow. The upper brachial plates, which are middle-
sized, are triangular, with a proximal angle and a convex distal side; they are
almost as long as wide and separated from one another from the bases of the arms.

The first under brachial plate is rather large, lozenge-shaped, and a little wider
than long, with a fairly open proximal angle, which is limited by two straight sides,
and a rounded distal angle, also limited by two straight sides. The succeed-
ing plates become much longer than wide, with a proximal angle, which is first

116 BULLETIN 84, UNITED STATES NATIONAL MUSEUM.

truncated, but becomes sharper and sharper, slightly diverging lateral sides, which
are excavated by the large tentacular pores, and a wide and convex distal side.
They remain contiguous on almost the whole length of the arms, owing to their
proximal angle becoming elongated, but they finally get separated.

The lateral plates bear three fairly wide spines which are flattened, with an
obtuse point and a rough surface; these spines are equal, and their length is equal
to that of the article; the ventral spine is flattened and a little wider than the
others.

The fairly large and oval tentacular pores are each provided with a little
lanceolate scale.

Connections and differences. — This species really belongs to the genus Ophiologi-
mus, which was introduced by H. L. Clark in 1911 for an ophiuran, 0. Jiexactis, which
also has six arms; the single specimen had been gathered at Suno Saki (Honshu
Island, Japan), between 83 and 158 fathoms. The Atlantic species is evidently
very closely allied to 0. hexactis, but it is plainly separated from it by the presence
of very distinct radial shields, by the upper face of the disk being covered with
scales all over, even in the younger examples, by the dorsal plates of the disk, which
extend but very little over the bases of the arms, by the upper brachial plates, which
are triangular and as long as wide, and finally by the presence of a single tentacular
scale.

H. L. Clark introduced in the diagnosis of the genus Ophiologimus the absence
of radial shields; therefore, this character ought to be corrected, since these
shields exist in the new species.

The discovery in the Atlantic of a second species of the genus Ophiologimus is
very interesting.

OPHIOCHITON GRANDIS Verrill.
Ophiochilon grandis VERIULL (84), p. 384.

Albatross station 2394. Mar. 13, 1885. Lat. 28° 38' 30" N. ; long. 87° 02' W. ;
420 fathoms; gn. m.; temp. 41.8° F. One specimen.

Albatross station 2395. Mar. 13, 1885. Lat. 28° 36' 15" N. ; long. 86° 50' W.;
347 fathoms; gy. m.; temp. 44.1° F. One specimen.

Family OPHIOCOMID^.

OPHIOCOMA ALEXANDRI Lymim.

Ophiocoma alexandri LYMAN (65), p. 74.
Ophiocoma alexandri LJUNQMAN (66), p. 329.
Ophiocoma alexandri VERRILL (67), p. 259.
Ophiocoma alexandri IVES (89), p. 177.
Ophiocoma alexandri KCEHLER (07), p. 325.

Albatross station 2824. Apr. 30, 1888. Lat. 24° 11' 30" N.; long. 109° 55' W.;
10 fathoms; brk. sh. One specimen.

Diameter of the disk, 8 mm.; length of arms, 55-58 mm.

The sample is of a light brown and rather uniform color; despite its small size
it is plainly characterized. The tentacular scales are two in number on the pores
of the three and sometimes four first articles.

OPHIURANS OF UNITED STATES NATIONAL MUSEUM. 117

OPfflOCOMA ECHINATA (Lamarck).

(=0phiocoma crassispina SAY.)
See for bibliography:

Lyman (82), p. 171.
Ives (89), p. 177.
Verrill (99), p. 177.
H. L. Clark (01), p. 245.
H. L. Clark (Ola), p. 340.
Verrill (07), p. 327.
Koehler (07), p. 325.
Kcehler(13),p. 374.

Key West, Florida. Sixteen specimens.

Indian Key, Florida. Ten specimens.

Key Vaccas, Florida. Eight specimens.

Dry Tortugas, Florida. Three specimens.

Northwest end of St. Martin's Reef, Florida. One specimen.

Tortugas Reef, Florida. One dry specimen.

Sand Key, Florida. Four specimens.

Cape Florida. One specimen.

Abaco, Bahamas. Eight specimens.

St. Thomas. One specimen.

Swan Islands, Caribbean Sea. Sixteen specimens.

Hungry Bay, Bermudas. One specimen.

Ascension Island (doubtful locality). One specimen.

OPHIOCOMA PUMILA LUtken.

See for bibliography :

Lyman (82), p. 171.
Greeff (82), p. 156.
Lyman (83), p. 255.
Ivee (89), p. 177.
Verrill (99), p. 23.
H. L. Clark (01), p. 245.
H. L. Clark (Ola), p. 340.
Kcehler (07), p. 326.
Koehler (13), p. 375.

Key West, Florida. One specimen.

Sand Key Reef, off Key West. Three specimens.

Dry Tortugas, Florida. Three specimens.

Clarence Harbor, Bahamas. July 15, 1903. One specimen.

Abrolhos Islands, Brazil. Two specimens.

0. pumila is known along the North American coast from Florida down to
Colon, in the West Indies, and in Brazil. Greeff found it abundantly in San-Thome1
Island (Guinea). It is almost always found near the coast, though Verrill records
it off Havana at a depth of 200 fathoms. Ophiocoma scolopendrina and Ophiura
Jiexactis noticed by Duchassaing in the West Indies are 0. pumila.

118 BULLETIN 84, UNITED STATES NATIONAL MUSEUM.

OPHIOCOMA RIISEI LUtken.

See for bibliography :

Lyman (82), p. 171.
Ives (99), p. 177.
Verrill (99), p. 22.
H. L. Clark (01), p. 245.
Verrill (07), p. 328.
Kcehler (07), p. 326.
Kcehler (13), p. 375.

Sand Key, Florida. Two specimens.

Key West, Florida. Several specimens.

Tortugas Reef, Florida. One dry specimen.

New Providence, Bahamas. Six specimens.

Abaco, Bahamas. Two specimens.

Powell's Point, Eleuthera, Bahamas. One specimen

Family OPHIOTHRICID^E.

OPHIOTHRIX ANGOT.ATA (Say).

(=0phiothrix violacea LUTKEN.)
See for bibliography :

Lyman (82), p. 219.
Ludwig (82), p. 18.
Ives (89), p. 178.
Verrill (99), p. 18.
H. L. Clark (01), p. 244.
Verrill (07), p. 327.
Kcehler (07), p. 330.
Kcehler (13), p. 375.

Fish Hawk stations 1646-1651. June 4, 1891. Tangier Sound, Chesapeake
Bay; 2J to 13 fathoms; temp. 67.5° to 71° F. Five specimens.

Albatross station 2320. Jan. 17, 1885. Lat. 23° 10' 39" N.; long. 82° 18'
48" W.; 130 fathoms; fne. co. One specimen.

Albatross station 2324. Jan. 17, 1885. Lat. 23° 10' 25" N.; long. 82° 20'
24" W.; 33 fathoms; co.; temp. 79.1° F. One specimen.

Albatross station 2327. Jan. 17, 1885. Lat. 23° 11' 45" N.; long. 82° 17'
54" W.; 182 fathoms; fne. br. s. One specimen.

Albatross station 2357. Jan. 29, 1885. Lat. 20° 19' N.; long. 87° 03' 10" W.:
178 fathoms; wh. co. One specimen.

Albatross stations 2369-2374. Feb. 7, 1885. Lat. 29° 15'-29° 11' 30" N.;
long. 85° 32'-85° 29' 15" W.; 64-66 fathoms; fne. gy. s. and r., fne. gy. s., g.;
temp. 35° F. Eight specimens.

Albatross station 2758. Dec. 16, 1887. Lat. 6° 59' 30" S.; long. 34° 47' W.;
20 fathoms; brk. sh.; temp. 79° F. Three specimens.

Grampus station 5055. Feb. 16, 1889. Lat. 25° 02' 49" N.; long. 83° 14' W.;
32 fathoms; brk. sh. fne., co. crs. and fne. One specimen.

Grampus station 5073. Feb. 28, 1889. Lat. 25° 23' N.; long. 83° 24' W.;
west coast of Florida; 38 fathoms; co. brk. sh. and live bottom. Two specimens.

OPHIUKANS OF UNITED STATES NATIONAL MUSEUM. 119

Grampus station 5080. West coast of Florida; 32 fathoms; light s. brk. sh.
One specimen.

Grampus station 5087. Mar. 11, 1889. Lat. 25° 44' 32" N.; long. 83° 10'
15" W.; 31 fathoms; fne. s. sponge. One specimen.

Grampus station 5100. Mar. 18, 1889. Lat. 26° 04' N.; long. 83° 00' W.;
26 fathoms; hrd. blk. gr. One specimen.

Fish Hawk station 1649. June 4, 1890. Tangier Sound, Md.; 7 fathoms;
sft.; temp. 71° F. Eighteen specimens.

Fish Hawk station 7106. Mar. 28, 1901. Anclote, 12£ fathoms; r. co. s.
Four specimens.

Fish Hawk station 7145. Nov. 5, 1901. Lat. 29° 30' 50" N.; long. 83° 41'
40" W.; Pepperfish Key, 3J fathoms; sdy.; temp. 22° C. 'Three specimens.

Fish Hawk station 7150. Nov. 7, 1901. Deadman's Bay. Lat. 29° 35' 20"
N.; long. 83° 56' W.; 9J fathoms; c.; temp. 19.5° C. Six specimens.

Fish Hawk station 7151. Nov. 7, 1901. Deadman's Bay. Lat. 29° 43' 40"
N.; long. 83° 49' 45" W.; 5J fathoms; c.; temp. 20.5° C. Nine specimens.

Fish Hawk station 7153. Nov. 7, 1901. Deadman's Bay. Lat. 29° 43' 40"
N.; long. 83° 49' 45" W.; 5J fathoms; s. c.; temp. 23° C. One specimen.

Fish Hawk station 7161. Nov. 21, 1901. Pepperfish Key. Lat. 29° 18' N.;
long. 83° 37' W.; 8 fathoms; rky.; temp. 18° C. Two specimens.

Fish Hawk station 7201. Dec. 6, 1901. Deadman's Bay. Lat. 29° 32' 30"
N.; long. 83° 50' W.; 9 fathoms; r. c.; temp. 16.5° C. Two specimens.

Fish Hawk station 7215. Jan. 15, 1902. St. Martins. Lat. 28° 26' N.; long.
83° 02' 30" W.; 1\ fathoms; rky. c.; temp. 13° C. One specimen.

Fish Hawk station 7231. Jan. 23, 1902. Anclote. Lat. 28° 08' 30"N.; long.
83° 10' W.; 10 fathoms: rky. c.; temp. 13.5° C. One specimen.

Fish Hawk station 7253. Jan. 28, 1902. Highland. Lat. 27° 55' 30" N.;
long. 83° W.; 7 fathoms; c. r.; temp. 15.2° C. One specimen.

Fish Hawk station 7271. Feb. 13, 1902. West Channel Entrance to Key
West; 7f fathoms; cor. sand; temp. 20° C. One specimen.

Fish Hawk station 7290. Feb. 24, 1902. Lat. 24° 46' 12" N.; long. 81° 53'
30" W. ; 10^ fathoms; co.; temp. 19° C. One specimen.

Fish Hawk station 7293. Feb. 24, 1902. Lat. 24° 46' 40" N.; long. 81°
55' 40" W. ; 10i fathoms; co.; temp. 20° C. One specimen.

Fish Hawk station 7354. Dec. 17, 1902. Florida Bay; 1U feet; h. gy. s. sh.;
temp. 23.5° C. One specimen.

Fish Hawk station 7390. Dec. 22, 1902. Off Cape Sable, Florida. Lat. 25°
01' N.; long. 81° 25' 30" W.; 4$ fathoms; rky. Three specimens.

Fish Hawk station 7511. Mar. 25, 1903. rky. One specimen.

Callibogue, South Carolina. Eight specimens.

Mouth of Bulls Creek, South Carolina. Numerous specimens.

Charleston Harbor, South Carolina. Three specimens.

Cedar Keys, Florida. Very numerous specimens.

Boca Ceiga Bay, Florida. Five specimens.

Sarasota Bay, Florida. One specimen.

Pensacola, Florida. Eight specimens.

Tampa Bay, Florida. One specimen.

N. of St. Martins Reef, Florida. Seven specimens.

6061°— Bull. 84—14 9

120 BULLETIN 84, UNITED STATES NATIONAL MUSEUM.

Florida. Four specimens.

Jamaica. One specimen.

Bahamas. One specimen.

St. Thomas. One specimen.

Port Castries, St. Lucia. One specimen.

Trinidad, shore. One specimen.

Abrolhos Islands. Nine specimens.

Among the above-mentioned stations, some will be noticed where the depth
is fairly great; such is the case with the stations 2369-2374 (66 fathoms), 2320 (130
fathoms), 2357 (178 fathoms), and 2327 (182 fathoms). But it is already known
from elsewhere that 0. angulata may go down fairly deep, and Verrill has reported
it at 200 fathoms off Havana. The specimens coming from deeper waters than
100 fathoms are lightly colored, grayish, greenish, or somewhat pink.

The specimens from stations 2369-2374 are very small, and the diameter of their
disks ranges between 2.2 and 2 mm. They are greenish-gray, and then1 brachial
spines are fairly large; they offer a superficial likeness to 0. pallida, of which I have
recently given a new description from the only example known up to the present
day (13, p. 377). But, after having compared them very carefully with the type
of that species, I have satisfied myself that they actually are 0. angulata; for the
radial shields are smaller than in 0. pallida; the tipper and under brachial plates,
although fairly elongated as they always are in very young 0. angulata, are,
however, less so than in 0. pallida; the first under brachial plates, especially, are
first a little wider than long, then they progressively grow longer, but they do not
become longer than wide until within a certain distance from the disk; lastly,
the first ventral spine changes into a hook only at a fairly great distance from the
basis of the arms.

The young 0. angulata always have their under and upper brachial plates
longer than those of the adults, and dorsal spines which become very much elongated
in the terminal part of the arms.

OPHIOTHR1X LINEATA Lyman.

Ophiothrix lineala LYMAN (61), p. 201.
Ophiothrix lineata LYMAN (65), p. 171.
Ophiothrix lineata LJUNGMAN (66), p. 171.
Ophiothrix lineata LJUNGMAN (71), p. 654.
Ophiothrix lineata LYMAN (78), p. 233.
Ophiothrix lineala IVES (89), p. 178.
Ophiothrix lineata KCEHLER (07), p. 334.
Ophiothrix lineata KXEHLER (13), p. 376.

Fish Hawk station 7124. Apr. 2, 1901. Lat. 25° 50' 15" N.; long. 82° 41'
45" W.; 21 fathoms; sandy; temp. 20° C. Eight specimens.

Fish Hawk station 7177. Nov. 27, 1901. North Key. Lat. 29° 05' N.;
long. 83° 22' 30" W.; 5£ fathoms; sdy. rky. c.; temp. 15.5° C. One little specimen.

Fish Hawk station 7373. Dec. 19, 1902. Florida Bay; sp. s. sh.; temp.
23° C. Two specimens.

Fish Hawk station 7429. Jan. 7, 1903. i mile SE. by S. of SE. end of Duck
Key; 14 feet; rky. Three specimens.

Biscayne Bay, Florida. One specimen.

OPHIUBANS OF UNITED STATES NATIONAL MUSEUM. 121

OPHIOTHRIX CERSTEDII Lutken.

See for bibliography.

Lyman (82), p. 226.
Ives (89), p. 178.
H. L. Clark (01), p. 244.
Kcehler (07), p. 336.
Koehler (13), p. 376.

Fish Hawk station 7108. Mar. 28, 1901. Right Channel into Tampa Bay;
12| fathoms; br. sh. and s.; temp. 19.1° C. One specimen.

Fish Hawk station 7428. Jan. 27, 1903. 1 mile N. N. W. i W. of East Washer-
woman; 16 feet; rky. One specimen.

Fish Hawk station 7467. Feb. 19, 1903. Grecian Shoals. One specimen.

Key West, Florida. Numerous specimens.

Indian Key, Florida. Five specimens.

Bird Key, Florida. Thirteen specimens.

Tortugas, Bird Key Reefs, Florida. Nine dry specimens.

Dry Tortugas, Florida. Several specimens

Ragged Key, Florida. One specimen.

Florida. Two dry specimens.

Key Largo, Florida. One specimen.

Nassau, Bahamas. Three specimens.

Golding Key, Bahamas. One specimen.

Green Cay, Bahamas. One specimen.

OPHIOTHRIX SUENSONII Liltken.

See for bibliography:

Lyman (82), p. 222.
Ives (89), p. 178.
Verrill (99), p. 21.
H. L. Clark (01), p. 244.
' Verrill (07), p. 327.
Koehler (07), p. 338.
Kcehler (13), p. 376.

Albatross station 2409. Mar. 18, 1885. Lat. 27° 04' N.; long. 83° 21' 15" W.;
26 fathoms; crs. gy. s. brk. sh. One specimen.

Albatross station 2649. Apr. 12, 1886. Lat. 23° 34' N.; long. 76° 33' W.;
36 fathoms; co. s.; temp. 74.2° F. Seven specimens.

Fish Hawk station 7182. Nov. 28, 1901. DeadmansBay. Lat. 29° 32' 30" N.;
long. 83° 50' W.; 9 fathoms; rky. c.; temp. 15.3° C. Three specimens.

Fish Hawk station 7211. Dec. 9, 1901. North Key. Lat. 28° 47' 55" N.;
long. 83° 16' 30" W.; 8 fathoms; rky. grsy.; temp. 17° C. Five specimens.

FisTi HawTc station 7215. Jan. 15, 1902. St. Martins. Lat. 28° 26' N.;
long. 83° 02' 30" W.; 7£ fathoms; rky. c.; temp. 13° C. Eleven specimens.

Fish Hawk station 7216. Jan. 15, 1902. Lat. 28° 26' 30" N.; long. 83° 08'
W.; 10 fathoms; sdy. grsy.; temp. 13.6° C. Two specimens.

Lat. 28° 42' N.; long. 83° 30' W. Two specimens.

Key West, Florida. Manship Channel. One specimen.

122 BULLETIN 84, UNITED STATES NATIONAL MUSEUM.

West Coast of Florida. One specimen.

Bahamas. Twenty-two specimens.

Belize, British Honduras. One dry specimen.

Bermudas. Two specimens.

Green Cay, Bermudas. One specimen.

OPHIOTHRIX CONVOLUTA, new species.
Plate 16, figs. 1 and 6.

A specimen found on a branch of Acanthogorgia fusca, without any indication
of locality.

Type— Cat. No. 32303, U.S.N.M".

The diameter of the disk reaches 6 mm.; the arms are strongly convoluted
and their length must have exceeded 45 mm.

The disk is subpentagonal. The upper face offers, between the radial shields,
a covering of rounded and very unequal plates, some of which are small and com-
paratively few, the others rather large. The former are unarmed or each of them
carries only a little short and thick stump, the others, on the contrary, are provided
with a very strong spine which is thick, elongated, and bears, on its edges, strong,
sharp, and approximated denticulations. These spines vary in length, but most of
them roach, or even exceed, one millimeter. They are numerous and dense in the
central region of the disk and in the interradiil spaces. These spaces are very
broad, while the radial spaces, narrow between the two shields of each pair, give
the appearance of as many very narrow triangles, which separate the shields on
one-half or two-thirds of their length. The plates which cover these interradial
spaces are small, and they carry only short stumps or even remain absolutely bare.
The fairly large radial, shields are triangular and their length exceeds half the radius
of the disk ; they are twice and a hah" longer than wide and their radial side is about
straight, while the interradial side is strongly convex; their surface is absolutely
deprived of spines and covered with minute granules. The two shields of each
pair are little diverging; they are contiguous outwardly for a variable length and
they are inwardly separated by the narrow radial areas which I have mentioned
above.

The plates of the upper face and the large spines on them cease at the edge of
the disk and the under face is almost completely bare; there are only in the inter-
radial areas a few scarce and isolated plates which are not often seen except at the
outline of the disk and each of which bears a small stump. The genital slits and
plates are broad and well developed.

The middle-sized mouth shields are triangular, with a slightly sharp proximal
angle which is limited by straight sides, and a very convex distal side; the latter is
sometimes broken up into two sides, which gives to the shields a lozenge-like appear-
ance ; in one of them the proximal angle is separated from the rest of the plate by
a fissure. These shields are as long as wide, or even a little longer than wide; the
shield which carries the madreporic pore is very large, oval, and much longer than
wide. The adoral plates are small, triangular, hardly contiguous on the median
interradial line by their rounded apex. The papillae of the external sets are elon-
gated, fairly large, conical, and pointed; the others, located within the foregoing
ones, are much smaller.

OPHIUEANS OF UNITED STATES NATIONAL MUSEUM. 123

The upper brachial plates are very large, quadrangular, with a narrow proximal
side, a very wide distal side, meeting by sharp angles the lateral sides which are
divergent. The distal side is rather concave on the first plates, then it becomes
convex and it finally resolves itself into two small sides which are united by a very
obtuse and rounded angle, behind which the surface of the plate offers a very small
obtuse protuberance ; these plates are never much wider than long, and sometimes
they are as wide as long. The shape of the plates in the first half of the arms does
not appear very plainly, for the said plates are almost always more or less strongly
divided into fragments which, in certain rtegions, are so many that the limits be-
tween the successive plates are no longer distinct ; then the fragments become fewer
when the plates are only divided into two or three parts, and finally they remain
simple up to the end of the arms. This dividing up exists, besides, in very variable
degrees according to which arms are examined, and on one of them it is less con-
spicuous than on the others. The specimen being* singie, it is impossible to tell
whether this dividing constitutes a specific character or is accidental; none of the
arms show any trace of regeneration.

The under brachial plates are absolutely invisible, and they are covered up by
the teguments.

The brachial spines amount to six only, and they are not very much developed.
The first one is very short and thin; the second one is notably longer and stronger;
and then the length progressively increases up to the fifth one, which is hardly
larger than the corresponding article; the last dorsal spine is a little shorter than the
foregoing one. The relative length of these spines increases a little in the second
half of the arms. These spines are bare, flattened, fairly wide, with rounded ends,
and thjey are provided on their edges with pretty strong denticulations, which are
conical, somewhat unequal, lying close to one another on the ventral spine, but
more loosely arranged on the last two dorsal spines, where, besides, they are less
conspicuous. The first ventral spine changes into a hook near the fifteenth article.

There is not the slightest trace of a tentacular scale, which is probably hidden
by the tegument.

Connections and differences. — 0. convoluta recalls certain forms of 0. fragilis,
but I thought I ought to separate it specifically, owing to the disk armature, to
the shape of the mouth shields, as well as to the peculiar characters displayed by the
upper brachial plates, and also owing to the shape of the arms, which are wrapped
around on themselves. I know among 0. fragilis no form in which the spines of the
upper face are so much developed and appear so thick on a disk having such a com-
paratively small diameter, while, on the contrary, the armature of the under face
of the disk is extremely reduced and almost nonexistent. The upper brachial plates,
instead of showing a more or less conspicuous distal angle, which is often upturned
in the shape of a protruding beak, are rather quadrangular with a slightly convex
distal side and they are not much wider than long. The shape of the mouth
shields is also rather peculiar, since they are almost lozenge-shaped and as wide as
long. As to the very curious dividing up displayed by the upper brachial plates
in the first part of the arms, it is not safe to dwell on it, for it is perhaps an individual
feature, but this seems to me most doubtful.

124 BULLETIN 84, UNITED STATES NATIONAL MUSEUM.

Family OPHIOSCOLECID^.

OPHIOSCOLEX GLACIALIS Miiller and Troschel.

See for bibliography:

Kcehler (00), p. 198.

Grieg (10), p. 6.

Mortensen (10), p. 274.

Stissbach and Breckner (11), p. 259.

Albatross station 2092. Sept. 20, 1883. Lat. 39° 58' 35" N.; long. 71° 00'
30" W.; 197 fathoms; gn. m.; temp. 45° F. One specimen.

The upper face of the disk has been torn away, but the rest of the specimen is
in a very good condition and is perfectly well characterized. The diameter of the
disk must have been from 22 to 24 mm. The specimen is quite in conformity with
those of the European seas with which I have been able to compare it. Certain
articles of the bases of the arms exceptionally carry four spines, but I observe the
same peculiarity in some examples from the Norwegian coasts. There can be no
possibility of confusing this specimen with 0. guadrispinus Verrill, which was
found in Nova Scotia, and which is at once distinguishable from 0. gladalis through
the presence of a tentacular scale.

An individual in a very bad state, from stations 2582-83 and associated with
numerous Opkiocten hastatum and Ophioglypha sarsii, undoubtedly belongs to the
same species.

OPHIOLEPTOPLAX ATLANTICA, new species.
Plate 15, figa. 6-7.

Albatross station 2659. May 3, 1886. Lat. 28° 32' N.; long. 78° 42'; 509
fathoms; br. for.; temp. 45.2° F. One specimen.

Ti/p«.— Cat. No. 32304, U.S.N.M.

The specimen is, unfortunately, incomplete and the upper face of the disk has
been completely torn away; judging by the traces left on the upper face of the arms,
the diajneter of the disk must have been 12 mm. or thereabout. The diameter
of the circle formed by the external sides of the mouth shields is 5.5 mm. The
arms are incomplete and the longest is preserved to a length of only 30 mm. ; they are
flattened and about 2.5 mm. wide.

The mouth shields, which are not very large, are triangular, wider than long,
with an obtuse proximal angle and a convex distal side. The adoral plates, large
and wide, are extremely elongated and four or five times longer than wide, but their
edges are not absolutely parallel; they are, in fact, somewhat widened in their
internal third part, become narrower at the level of the oral tentacular pore, which
is very large, and then grow a little wider again outwardly, where they broadly
separate the mouth shield from the first lateral brachial plate. The oral plates are
large, fairly wide, and elongated; on their free edges each of them carries four rather
large, conical, and pointed papillae, lying fairly apart from one another; the most
external of these is located near the oral tentacular pore and is longer than the others.
The teeth and the tooth papillae are shaped like the mouth papillae; they are not all
preserved, but they seem to me to amount to five; three are found on a lower level
and represent especially tooth papillae, the other two, larger, are superposed and
they correspond to two teeth. The mouth pieces are covered with fine granulations,
rounded and loosely placed.

OPHIUBANS OF UNITED STATES NATIONAL MUSEUM. 125

The upper face of the arms is covered with a set of large lamellae, each of which
undoubtedly represents an upper brachial plate. These lamellae are very large,
quadrangular, wider than long, and widened on their distal side, which is slightly
rounded; the lateral sides are slightly divergent. Their surface displays extremely
fine lines bounding hexagonal fields which are very dense and minute. These
lamellae are exceedingly thin and completely transparent, so that they allow the
underlying parts to be seen, the color of which is white above the vertebra and
brownish above the muscles.

The first brachial under plate is large, oval, and transversely widened. The
following ones are quadrangular, longer than wide, their proximal edge being
straight and narrower than the distal side which is broad and convex; this side most
generally shows three distinct little lobes.; the lateral sides are divergent and rather
strongly excavated by the corresponding tentacular pores, which are very large.
From the sixth plate upward the proximal side is replaced by an acute and elon-
gated angle; the plates are then no longer contiguous, and, at the same time, they
become much narrower in their middle region, owing to the extension of the ten-
tacular pores, their distal side remaining still very wide and trilobed.

The tentacular pores are very large, rounded, and deprived of scales, excepting
the oral pores which are each provided, on their interradial edge, with three conical
and elongated papillae which are inserted near the end of the adoral plate; the
external papilla is even remarkable by its elongation and it constitutes an actual
spine.

The lateral plates, slightly protruding, carry each three subequal spines, the
length of which equals that of the article; these spines have rounded ends and their
surface microscopically appears covered with very fine, conical, and dense rugosities.

Connections and differences. — The Ophiuran which I have just described seems
to me to fit perfectly in the genus Ophioleptoplax recently introduced by H. L.
Clark (11, p. 278). The type of this genus is 0. megapora, which was discovered by
the Albatross in the Japanese seas at lat. 32° 26' N. and long. 129° 27' 30" E., at
a depth of 71 fathoms. The new species differs from it in having larger mouth
shields, much more elongated adoral plates, more developed mouth and tooth
papillae, in having papillae on the tentacular oral pores, and, lastly, in having much
more elongated under brachial plates.

OPHIOBYRSELLA QUADRISPINOSA, new species.
Plate 16, figs. 2-3.

Albatross station 2343. Jan. 19, 1885. Lat. 23° 11' 35" N.; long. 82° 19' W.;
279 fathoms; fne. co. Two specimens.

Type.—C&t. No. 32305, U.S.N.M.

The diameters of the disks are respectively 19 and 22 mm.; the arms are
exceedingly long, very sinuous, and their length exceeds 170 mm. in the larger
specimen.

The disk is pentagonal with rounded angles. The upper face is covered with
a bare tegument which is deprived of plates and spines and shows only a few dense
and irregular folds. However, in the vicinity of the radial shields and at the margin

126 BULLETIN 84, UNITED STATES NATIONAL MUSEUM.

of the disk, the folds disappear, the tegument becomes thinner though offering at
the same time a few small rounded plates, well separated from one another, and
very weakly developed. In the interval which separates the two radial shields of
each pair, these plates appear at the height of the middle of the shields; they are
at first small and loosely spread, and then they grow larger as the base of the arms
is nearer; they even extend to the upper face of the arms on which they very soon
disappear. On either side of the radial shields there are also to be found in the
interradial spaces some plates which are small and scarce; these plates, besides,
appear only near the very edge of the radial shields. These shields are strongly
developed. Each of them constitutes an elongated and narrow plate, forming a
fairly thick protuberance which is wider distally than proximally, and the length of
which equals about half the radius of the disk. The two shields of each pair are
far apart and the interval between them is almost equal to the width of the arm;
they are directed almost parallel to each other. Every one of these shields is
armed with a row of strong, elongated and sharp spines, which are shorter and more
dense toward the proximal end of the shield, where they sometimes form two
parallel rows. The little plates, which are near the radial shields, are absolutely
unarmed.

The under face of the disk in the interradial spaces is bare; the tegument which
covers it is smooth, thin, and transparent. There are, however, near the genital
slits, a few small, rounded and scattered plates which become a little more dense,
and larger, as they come nearer the mouth shield. The genital slits are very con-
spicuous; the genital plates are wide and quite distinct.

The outlines of the mouth pieces are not very distinct, owing to the tegument
which covers them. The mouth shields, which are rather small, are pentagonal, a
little longer than wide and a little narrower proximally than distally; they offer an
obtuse proximal angle, limited by two straight or slightly excavated sides; the
lateral sides are straight and converging, the distal edge is narrow. The elongated
and narrow adoral plates are slightly incurved in the shape of a crescent with
parallel sides; they are three and a half times longer than wide. The oral plates
are well developed, triangular, and very high. As a rule, there are on each side
three oral papillae which are strong, conical, blunt-pointed, and have a very rough
surface. Besides, there are three or four tooth papillae of the same shape as the
foregoing ones, but stronger, and generally arranged in two superposed pairs.

The arms are of medium breadth and the upper face is convex. The upper
brachial plates do not exist. The slight, almost imperceptible calcification of the
teguments, which is observed at the basis of the arms and which appears in the
shape of small, very thin and rounded plates, which are analogous to those existing
between the radial shields, does not go beyond the second article.

The first under brachial plate is large, trapezoidal, wider than long, with a
proximal edge which is wider than the distal edge toward which the lateral sides
converge. The following plates are pentagonal, large, much wider than long, with
a truncated proximal angle, short lateral sides which are excavated by the ten-
tacular pores, and a rounded distal side which sometimes shows in its middle a
very small notch. All these plates are contiguous.

OPHIUBANS OF UNITED STATES NATIONAL MUSEUM. 127

The lateral plates, which are very broad, carry each four spines, which are
thin, pointed, flattened, transparent, and provided over their whole length with
fairly strong denticulations ; their length increases from the first ventral spine,
which is equal to one and a half articles, to the third one, which is equal to two
articles; the last dorsal spine is a little smaller.

The tentacular pores are large, oval, and transversely widened; there is no
tentacular scale.

Connections and differences. — 0. guadrispinosa is allied chiefly to 0. Tiystricis
(Lyman), and it recalls more particularly the example of that species which Bell
represented in 1892.1 But it is at once distinguished from it by the absence of
spines on the upper face of the disk out of the radial shields and by the brachial
spines being larger and fewer. 0. serpens (Lyman) has but three brachial spines
which are strongly echinulated, not much covered by the tegument, and unequal.

By the shields on its upper face and by the small number of spines this new
Ophiuran very much resembles Ophiophryxus acanfldnus, which has recently been
described by W. K. Fisher, from a single specimen found in Japan between 94 and
150 fathoms; but it differs from it in the mouth pieces and, besides other things,
in the height of the oral plates and the development of the oral papillte, as well as
in the shape of the under brachial plates; it really belongs to the genus Ophwbyrsetta,
selected by Verrill out of the genus Ophiolyrsa.

Family OPHIOCHONDRID^.

OPHIOCHONDRUS GRANULATUS, new species.
Plate 14, figs. 1, 4-5.

About 15 specimens, found on branches of Platycaulis danielsseni, without any
indication of locality.

Type.—C&i. No. 32306, U.S.N.M.

The diameter of the disk may roach 7 mm., and in several specimens it varies
between 5 and 6 mm.; the others are smaller. The arms are more or less rolled
up in a vertical plane, and it is difficult to exactly estimate their length; it is about
25 mm. in some specimens, the disk of which is 5 mm. wide.

The disk is pentagonal, more or less excavated in the interradial spaces; it is,
besides, excavated at the bases of the arms between the two radial shields of each
pair. The upper face is slightly convex and depressed in the central region while
the radial shields are protruding. This upper face lies on a higher level than that
of the bases of the arms. It is provided with plates which are covered up by a thin
tegument, which, however, allows the limits of the plates to be seen on the dry
specimens. These plates are rounded, small, subequal, somewhat imbricated,
chiefly near the outline of the disk. Each of them bears in its middle a large
cylindrical stump which is short and thick, with a rounded end armed with rather
strong, short, pointed and unequal spinules which extend over on the sides of the
stump, at the same time as they become much smaller, thus making the said sides
very rough. The radial shields are quite apparent; they are elongated, protruding,

1 On the classification of Ophiurids, 1892, pi. 12, figs. 2, 3.

128 BULLETIN 84, UNITED STATES NATIONAL MUSEUM.

triangular, with a rounded proximal angle; they are twice and a half longer than
wide and their length is about equal to half the radius of the disk. These shields
are absolutely bare and their surface is deprived of stumps, except near the external
edge, which may show two or three. The two shields of each pair are parallel
to one another, and they are widely separated by two or three rows of plates. The
under face of the disk is covered with small, imbricated, equal plates, the outlines
of which are fairly distinct, and which may each carry a little elongated and conical
granule. These granules appear chiefly near the outline of the disk, but they do not
occur, however, until near the radial shields, chiefly on the larger samples. The
genital slits are wide and very conspicuous and extend from the margin of the disk
to the mouth shields.

These shields are much wider than long, with a very obtuse and rounded
proximal angle, which is limited by two slightly incurved sides; the lateral angles
are more or less thin and sharp; the distal side is convex and forms a lobe more or
less protruding into the interradial space. According to the respective forms of
this distal lobe and of the proximal angle, the shields are either triangular, which is
the most frequent case, or lozenge-shaped. The rather large adoral plates are thick,
two and a half times longer than wide, and bent in the shape of a crescent; they
are narrower toward their distal end. The oral plates are triangular and rather
small. The oral papillae generally amount to four and are arranged in a regular
row; they are rather thick and covered with sharp denticulations, which are very
small and dense; the two internal papillae are narrow and the two external ones
are more widened. To these papillae are sometimes added two smaller ones which
are intercalated between the former. The odd terminal papilla is larger than the
others, wide, rounded, and rough.

The upper brachial plates are fairly large, triangular, with a rounded proximal
angle and a convex distal side; they are a little wider than long and they sometimes
become a little campanuliform; from the second one upward, they are separated
by a very wide interval. One meets sometimes on the first three or four articles
a little rounded supernumerary plate at the base of the chief dorsal plate, but I do
not observe this character except on the largest specimen, and I think it is due to
age; it is important to note that neither the young nor the middle-aged ones show
any indication of it.

The first under brachial plate, which is rather large, is a little longer than wide,
its proximal side being larger than its distal side. The four or five succeeding
plates are large, very much widened, wider than long, triangular, with a very
obtuse proximal angle and a strongly convex distal side. The width of the under
plates then decreases progressively and they very soon become as long as wide; at
the same time, they assume a pentagonal shape with two distinct lateral sides and
a rounded distal side; they are broadly separated from each other from the second
one upward.

The protruding lateral plates carry five spines each. The first two ventral
spines are shorter than the article; the third one is almost as long as the article,
the fourth is larger, and the fifth reaches about one and a half articles. These
spines are strong and thick, cylindrical, with an obtuse and rounded end, except

OPHIURANS OF UNITED STATES NATIONAL MUSEUM. 129

OQ the last dorsal spine which is more pointed than the others; their surface is very
rough and it even offers very small and dense denticulations which are somewhat
unequal. The brachial spines stand perpendicular to the longitudinal axis of
the arm, and they do not lie at all on the lateral plates.

The single tentacular scale is small, conical, with a blunt point; it is often
hidden under the first ventral spine. The examples in alcohol are brownish-yellow.

Connections and differences. — Owing to the arms being rolled up in a vertical
plane, and to their being inserted under the upper face of the disk, owing also to
several other characters, this species evidently belongs to the genus Ophiochondrus,
as it has been restricted by Verrill, and from which must be excluded 0. sguamosus,
which forms the type of the genus OphiochondreUa. The new species which I have
just described will easily be distinguished from the already known species by the
following characters: 0. convolutus Lyman possesses six spines and the disk is
covered with numerous granules, which are very small and dense. 0. crassispinus
Lyman also has its disk covered with very small granules, the radial shields are
very large, and the spines amount to seven or eight. 0. gratilis Verrill is a small
species, the diameter of the disk of which does not exceed 3 mm.; the characters of
the upper face of the disk are unknown, but the brachial spines amount to eight.
Lastly 0. stelliger Lyman has its disk covered with minute granules, and the brachial
spines amount to four only.

Among the Ophiurans gathered by the Princesse Alice, I described under the
name of Ophioplus armatus (07, p. 46, and 09, p. 203) an Ophiuran which was
represented by two specimens only and which I have found again among the forms
dredged by the Albatross. After a review of that species by the examination of more
numerous specimens and a comparison with Ophiochondrus granulatus, it seems to
me more correct to classify this Ophiuran also in the genus Ophiochondrus. I was
tempted to place it in the genus Ophioplus owing chiefly to the state of the
upper brachial plates, which are divided up, but it may be seen by the description of
0. granulatus that this character may appear also in the genus Ophiochondrus.
Moreover, the shape of the genital slits excludes from the genus Ophioplus the
species from the Princesse Alice. Now the 0. granulatus which I have just described
is very closely allied with 0. armatus; I shall discuss the differences which separate
these two species, after having described the specimens of 0. armatus gathered
by the Albatross.

OPHIOCHONDRUS ARMATUS (Koehler).

Plate 14, figs. 2-3, 6.
Ophioplus armatus KCEHLER (09), p. 203, pi. 38, figs. 7, 8.

Albatross station 2415. Apr. 1, 1885. Lat. 30° 44' N.; long. 79° 26' W.;
440 fathoms; co. crs. s. sh. for.; temp. 45.6° F. Two specimens.

Albatross station 2645. Apr. 9, 1886. Lat. 25° 46' 30" N.; long. 80° 02'. W;
157 fathoms; gn. s.; temp. 43.4° F. Two specimens.

Albatross station 2663. May 4, 1886. Lat. 29° 39' N.; long. 79° 49' W.;
421 fathoms; br. s.; temp. 42.7° F. One specimen.

130 BULLETIN 84, UNITED STATES NATIONAL MUSEUM.

Albatross station 2667. June 5, 1886. Lat. 30° 55' N.; long. 79° 42' 30" W.;
273 fathoms; gy. s. bk. sp.; temp. 48.7° F. One specimen.

Albatross station 2668. June 5, 1886. Lat. 30° 58' 30" N.; long. 79° 38'
30" W.; 294 fathoms; gy. s. dd. co.; temp. 46.3° F. Three specimens.

All the specimens are very small and the diameter of the disk ranges between
2.5 and 5 mm. They agree with the two specimens which the Princesse Alice
gathered in 1902 at latitude 36° N. and longitude 26° W., but as the arms of the
latter, which were, besides, mostly incomplete, were not at all or very little rolled
up, I referred these two specimens to the genus Ophioplus, taking as a basis chiefly
the division of the upper brachial plates. A study of the specimens from the
Albatross, wjiich are more numerous and better preserved than those of the Princesse
Alice, and above all, a comparison with the species I have just described under
the name of Ophiochondrus granulatus, have permitted my settling the generic
position of 0. armatus, and completing on several points my former description.

The disk is more or less strongly excavated in the interradial spaces. The
upper face is generally depressed in its center as well as in the interradii, while the
radial parts are protruding, and at the margin of the disk they are placed on a
higher level than that of the insertion of the arms. There are sometimes to be seen
radial ribs which succeed the radial shields toward the center of the disk, but this
arrangement is not constant. The upper face of the disk is covered with thin
imbricated plates, with very plain outlines; each of these plates shows a granule
which is now short and rounded, now a little elongated, but which as a rule is not
very high in the American specimens; these granules are generally rather scattered
and their surface is smooth. However, in the sample from station 2667, they are
more numerous and stronger and are elongated into small conical stumps the
end of which bears a few spinules which are extremely short. But these elon-
gated granules hardly deserve the name of spines. On the two examples from the
Princesse Alice, these stumps, which are rather numerous, are more elongated
than on the American specimens; they may be conical and pointed, or then1 end
may be obtuse and provided with a few spinules, but I must say that they are
less elongated than shown in the drawings which I published in 1909, and where,
in spite of my corrections, their length remained exaggerated. On all the specimens,
I perceive radial shields, but these are small, very broadly separated and they have
on their margin a few granules.

The under face of the disk is covered with distinct, rounded, nonimbricated
plates, which bear, chiefly near their margins, granules or small spines which
sometimes extend as far as the mouth shields. The genital slits extend as far as
the margin of the disk.

The mouth shields are triangular, wider than long, with more or less conspicuous
lateral angles, which sometimes are but slightly rounded; the distal side is always
very convex on the American examples, and it shows in its middle a little lobe which
is fairly well marked. The adoral plates, which are crescent-shaped, are generally
less thick than on the two specimens from the Princesse Alice.

The oral papillas amount to only three on all the American specimens, and only
on the two specimens of the Princesse Alice do they reach the figure four, which I
have again ascertained. The odd dental papilla is large and thick.

OPHIUBANS OF UNITED STATES NATIONAL MUSEUM. 131

The brachial articles are elongated. The upper brachial plates do not show in
the American specimens such a marked division as in the two types. Only on two
specimens from station 2668 and on that from station 2667, where the diameter of
the disk reaches 5 mm., do I observe this dividing, which is limited to the first two
or three dorsal brachial plates ; each of these plates offers a triangular chief portion
with a truncated proximal angle and a proximal fragment which is larger on the
first article, but very small on the following ones, where it is reduced to a small
circular plate. The other upper plates are always whole; generally, there is left
between their proximal angle and the distal margin of the preceding plate, a little
space covered by the tegument and which is never beset by a plate. The dorsal
brachial plates always remain a little longer than wide, and their proximal angle is
rounded.

The first under brachial plate is large, trapezoidal, longer than wide. The
following ones are pentagonal, but in the American examples, they are compara-
tively smaller than on my 1909 drawing, and they get separated beyond the second
one; they are a*t first a little wider than long.

The lateral plates, very much elongated owing to the length of the articles,
carry five short, thick spines which are beset with strong spinules in their terminal
part; these spines do not exceed half the article, except the last dorsal one which
is a little longer. These spines always remain more or less closely applied against
the lateral plates.

I had not noticed the tentacular scale in 1909. There is really one such scale,
but it is very small, more or less buried in the tegument and very difficult to recog-
nize; I have been unable, besides, to notice it on all the articles; it is spiniform.

I have said above that 0. granulatus is very near 0. armatus, and one might
first suppose that the latter is but a young stage of the former, but it is not so and
it is easy to grasp the differences which separate the two species. The most obvious
is supplied by the brachial spines which are much longer in 0. granulatus and which,
instead of being applied against the lateral plates, are on the contrary, off-standing
and diverging from them. The upper plates of the disk, which are larger and less
numerous than in 0. armatus, are beset with strong and thick granules, provided
with strong spinules which never get elongated into small, conical spines, but always
remain cylindrical, and almost as long as wide. The dorsal brachial plates show
no dividing up, except on the first two or three brachial articles, and they are much
wider than long; lastly, the brachial articles are shorter. The oral papillae may
become fairly numerous in 0. granulatus, and in the large specimens they may
amount to six or seven. It seems also that 0. armatus always remains rather small,
while the dimensions of 0. granulatus are great.

The differences which I have just indicated appear plainly when specimens of
equal size are compared, such as a little specimen of 0. granulatus which I have
represented on plate 14, figure 4, compared with the examples of 0. armatus repro-
duced on the same plate.

132 BULLETIN 84, UNITED STATES NATIONAL MUSEUM.

Family OPHIOMYXID^.

OPHIOMYXA FLACCIDA (Say).

See for bibliography:

Studer (83), p. 29, pi. 3, fig. 14.

Ives (89), p. 178.

Verrill (99), p. 65.

H. L. Clark (01), p. 340.

Kcehler (07), p. 441.

Verrill (07), p. 329.

Koehler (13), p. 379.

Key West, Florida. Thirteen specimens.
Tortugas, Florida. Three specimens (one dry).
New Providence, Bahamas. Two specimens.
Santa Lucia. One specimen.
St. Thomas. One dry specimen.

O.Jlaccida is widely spread along the coasts of Florida down to Brazil, in the
West Indies, Bermudas, etc.

OPHIODERA STIMPSONII iLym«n).

Ophioscolex stimpsonii LYMAN (76), p. 23, pi. 1, figs. 11-15.

Ophioscolex stimpsonii LYMAN (82), p. 234.

Ophiodera stimpsonii VERRILL (99), p. 67, pi. 2, figs. 4-4a.

Albatross station 2146. Apr. 2, 1884. Lat. 9° 32' N.; long. 79° 54' 30" W.;
34 fathoms; brk. sh. One specimen.

Albatross station 2663. May 4, 1886. Lat. 29° 39' N.; long. 79° 49' W.; 421
fathoms; br. s.; temp. 42.7° F. One specimen.

Albatross station 2668. May 5, 1886. Lat. 30° 58' 30" N.; long. 79° 38'
30" W.; 294 fathoms; gy. s. dd. co.; temp. 46.3° F. Two specimens.

Albatross station 2753. Dec. 4, 1887. Lat. 13° 34' N.; long. 61° 03' W.; 281
fathoms; bk. s.; temp. 48° F. One specimen.

The diameter of the disk reaches 18 mm. in the specimen from station 2663
and in one of the two from station 2668; the one from station 2753 is smaller
(diameter of the disk 13-14 mm.). The second specimen from station 2668 is
small and in a bad state of preservation. The arms of the larger examples are from
75 to 85 mm. long.

The brachial spines generally amount to three, a figure indicated by Lyman;
there is sometimes an alternation between three and four spines, as indicated by
Verrill, or between two and three. The oral papillae number three on the speci-
men from station 2753, and three or four in the others; on the first specimen, they
show a regular shape with the free edge finely denticulated, as stated by Verrill;
in the others, they are more irregular.

OPHIUKANS OF UNITED STATES NATIONAL MUSEUM. 133

Family HEMIEURYALTD^E.

SIGSBEIA CONIFERA, new species.

Plate 14, fig. 7; plate 17, fig. 6.

Albatross station 2167 (type locality). May 1, 1884. Lat. 23° 10' 40" N.;
long. 82° 20' 30" W.; 201 fathoms; co. One specimen.

Albatross station 2330. Jan. 17, 1885. Lat. 23° 10' 48" N.; long. 82° 19'
15" W.; 121 fathoms; fno. gy. co. One specimen.

Type.—C&t. No. 32307, U.S.N.M.

Both specimens were fixed on branches of Stylaster filograna.

I think we ought to refer to this species the small example described by Verrill
under the name of Sigsbeia murrhina (91, p. 72, pi. 2, figs. 1, la); indeed the
smaller of my two specimens is almost identical with it.

In the larger sample, which comes from station 2167, the diameter of the disk
is 5 mm., and in the smaller, it exceeds 3.5 mm. ; the arms are more or less rolled up
and it is difficult to appreciate their length, especially in the larger specimen; in the
smaller one, they are hardly one centimeter long.

I shall first describe the larger specimen.

The disk is high and very thick, and its outline is pentagonal; the upper face is
strongly convex and it joins by a rounded edge the under face which is plane.

The upper face is occupied, centrally, by plates which are few, small, unequal,
and irregularly polygonal; the space covered by them is of small extent. Distally,
there come first the radial shields which are large, triangular, longer than wide,
and the length of which very much exceeds half the radius of the disk. The two
shields of each pair are separated over their whole length, but they are nearer one
another distally than proximally and their internal edges are inclined toward
each other; the external or interradial side is, on the contrary, almost exactly parallel
to the corresponding side of the shield of the next pair. The two shields of each pair
are separated by a row which includes three chief plates; the distal plate is very
small and rectangular, the following one, which is larger, is triangular with rounded
angles; lastly, the proximal plate, which is very large, generally offers also a tri-
angular shape. This last plate, which proximally exceeds the end of the radial
shields, is much protruding and carries a large conical tubercle with a blunt point,
nearer to the distal angle of the plate; in one of the radii, this plate becomes double.
A like, but smaller tubercle, appears also on the middle of the second plate. Two
or three other very small plates fill up the interval between the last two plates.
The interradial spaces are occupied by a row of narrow plates which generally
amount to three; the first one is longer than wide, and the third one which is widened,
occupies the margin of the disk. All the plates of the upper face of the disk appear
to be firmly jointed to one another and their surface is covered with minute granules.

The upper face of the disk is beset by a small number of unequal and polygonal
plates, among which are seen the elongated and narrow genital plates. The genital
slits extend out on a small part of the length of these plates; they are very short
and retain the same width over their whole length, without showing inwardly
that widening which exists in S. murrhina.

134 BULLETIN 84, UNITED STATES NATIONAL MUSEUM.

The mouth shields are always divided into two unequal parts by a transverse
fissure. The external region, which is by far the more important, is sensibly wider
than long; it is semicircular, with an almost straight proximal side and a very
convex distal side. The proximal region forms a small triangle which wedges
between the two adoral plates on half their length; it is, in fact, the proximal angle
of the mouth shield which has got separated from the rest of the plate. The adoral
plates are fairly large, oval, or piriform. The oral plates are elongated and high,
almost twice longer than wide. The oral papillae amount to four on each side,
and their size rapidly decreases from the external papilla, which is large and wide,
to the last two which are small, low, and little distinct. The tooth papilla, which is
odd, is conical and a little larger than the foregoing one.

The rather small upper brachial plates are swollen but not protruding; the
first three are transversely widened and their length increases from the first one,
which is very little developed, to the third; the latter is the largest of all; these three
plates are contiguous on a large portion of their adjacent sides. Beyond the third
one, the plates become triangular and about as long as wide, with a sharp proximal
angle and a very convex distal side; the fourth plate is still contiguous with the third
at its proximal angle, but, beyond the fourth, the plates are separated by an interval
which is at first rather short and then becomes a little more elongated.

The first under brachial plate is pentagonal and a little longer than wide with
an obtuse proximal angle, diverging lateral sides, and a convex distal side. The
succeeding plates are very large, quadrangular, with a straight proximal side
much narrower than the distal side which is widened; the latter is at first convex
and then it is slightly notched in its middle; the sides are divergent. These plates
are wider than long and they are all contiguous.

The largest portion of each lateral brachial plate is especially developed on the
upper face of the arms; these plates wedge between the successive dorsal plates;
their sides are parallel. The accessory piece is quadrangular, twice wider than
long, with rounded angles.

The brachial spines, amounting to two only, are short and papilliform, lying
on the plate and a little longer than wide, with a rounded end; the ventral spine
is a little more widened than the other.

The tentacular scale is fairly developed and well apparent; it is rounded and
flattened.

The brachial plates are, as the other plates of the body, covered with minute
granules; these granules are a little more conspicuous on the lateral plates.

The color of the two examples in alcohol is grayish.

The smaller specimen corresponds fairly well to VerriU's description; it differs
from it chiefly by the large radial plates, which separate the proximal regions from
the radial shields. These plates already show a beginning of a protuberance
corresponding to the conical and protruding tubercle which I have referred to
above, and which does not yet exist on VerriU's specimen. The two radial shields
of each pair are also slightly converging distally; the centro-dorsal plate is very
distinct. The mouth shields have actually the same shape as in the adult, and
their proximal angle is separated from the rest of the plate (an arrangement which
Verrill does not mention, but which, however, seems to be indicated on his drawing).

OPHIUBANS OF UNITED STATES NATIONAL MUSEUM. 135

The genital slits are already apparent. The under brachial plates are separated
by the lateral plates.

Connections and differences. — S. murrhina was described by Lyman from a
specimen, the diameter of which was 12 mm.; I do not think it possible to refer to
that species the two specimens dredged by the Albatross, nor the young specimen
from the Bahama expedition, as Verrill has done, for the arrangement of the plates
of the upper face of the disk is very different. In fact, S. murrhina shows a distinct
central rosette, and all the upper plates of the disk are coarsely tuberculous, but
it does not offer the slightest indication of that large radial plate which is provided
with a conical protuberance, nor of the similar plate which succeeds the former,
both of which plates are characteristic of S. conifera. In the latter, the central
rosette is already dissociated in a specimen which has a disk not exceeding 5.5 mm.
in diameter. In S. murrhina, the disk itself is flattened and not thick and swollen;
the upper brachial plates are transversely oval and not triangular; the shape of the
mouth pieces and of the genital slits also differs in the two species. The arms also
seem to be longer in S. murrhina, but this might be due to a difference in size.

In S. lineata Liitken and Mortensen from the Pacific, the upper plates of the
disk are neither tuberculous nor protruding, and the brachial spines are three in
number.

SIGSBEI A SEXR ADI AT A, new species.
Plate 17, figs. 4-5.

Albatross station 2753. Dec. 4, 1887. Lat. 13° 34' N.; long. 61° 03' W.; 281
fathoms; bk. s.; temp. 48° F. Two specimens fixed on a branch of coral.

Type— Cut. No. 32308, U.S.N.M.

Both examples are very small and the diameters of the disk do not exceed,
respectively, 2 and 1.5 mm.; however, they display characters sufficiently plain to
allow of their being described and they are at once noticeable by the number of their
arms, which are six. In the larger specimen four arms only are preserved, the other
two being broken at their base; of the preserved arms, two are wider and a little
longer than the others; all these arms are strongly rolled up and it is difficult to
estimate their length which certainly does not reach 7 or 8 mm. In the smaller
one, three arms only are preserved, one of which is smaller than the others.

The disk is circular, rather thick, with a rounded outline; it is depressed in its
central region which is beset by a dozen small, polygonal, unequal, and irregularly
arranged plates; there is not the slightest indication of a primary rosette. Out-
wardly come the radial shields, which form an uninterrupted circle ; these shields
are large, triangular, one and a half times longer than wide, with a rounded proxi-
mal angle and a concave distal side; the two shields of each pair are contiguous on
the whole length of their radial side, and each pair is contiguous with two neighbor-
ing pairs. Each radial shield is succeeded by a large, rounded, and globulous plate,
which is wider than long and sometimes divided into two successive parts ; the two
plates of each pair are generally separated by a narrow interval which allows the
first upper brachial plate to be seen, while, on their external side, the plates are more
approximated to the next ones or even are contiguous with them. These plates
form the lateral faces of the disk and they extend over to the under face where
6061°— Bull. 84—14 10

136 BULLETIN 84, UNITED STATES NATIONAL MUSEUM.

they meet the mouth shields. There are no other plates in the interradial spaces,
and this is probably due to the youth of the samples. The genital slits appear as
small, oval, and narrow openings, located between the external angle of each mouth
shield and the first lateral brachial plate.

The mouth shields are small and very narrow; they are twice longer than wide,
with a very obtuse proximal angle and two converging lateral sides which meet by
a rounded angle; they are compressed between the two large plates which I have
just mentioned and the adoral plates. The latter are very much developed; they
are trapezoidal, the proximal side being twice as long as the distal side, and they
are contiguous over the whole length of their internal side. The oral plates are
small, longer than wide. The oral papillae amount to four on each side; the external
papilla is extremely large and wide, oval, squamiform, and obliquely erect; the
following three are very small, papilliform and conical. The odd terminal papilla
is scarcely larger than its neighbors.

The upper brachial plates are very large, excepting the first one, which is short ;
they are triangular, much wider than long, with an obtuse and rounded proximal
angle and a more or less convex distal side, which meets the lateral sides by rounded
angles. These plates are very much approximated to one another, but not abso-
lutely in contact.

The under brachial plates are little developed, and the first three alone exist.
The first plate is narrow and compressed between the two adoral plates ; it is lozenge-
shaped and longer than wide. The second and third plates are rather small, pen-
tagonal, a little wider than long, their angles being rounded and not very distinct;
they appear less plainly on the smaller than on the larger sample. Beyond these
plates, the under face of the arms offers a narrow median stripe of membranous
tissue, which is limited on both sides by the side plates.

The latter are developed chiefly on the arm sides and they do not meet on the
median ventral line, but they always remain separated by that stripe of soft tissue
which I have just referred to. They carry on their distal side a row of large, rounded,
and rough globules, which are hardly longer than wide and amount to four at the
base of the arms; these globules represent as many brachial spines and the last
globule is somewhat smaller than the others. Within the row formed by the said
spines there is a tentacular scale, the shape of which rather recalls that of the brachial
spines, although it is more flattened and somewhat shorter than they are. The
lateral plates are simple and there is no indication of a supplementary plate. All
the plates of the body, as well on the disk as on the arms, are covered with very
minute granules.

Connections and differences. — I refer to the genus Sigsbeia the two Ophiurans
which I have just described, although their lateral plates are not divided, but this
division might appear on older samples; the absence of under brachial plates on
the largest part of the arms is evidently a youthful character. By the shape of the
upper brachial plates, S. sexradiata recalls S. conifera, which I have just described,
but it differs from it in the shape of the plates of the upper face of the disk as well
as in the number of arms; this latter character, besides, separates S. sexradiata
from the few other species actually known of the genus Sigsbeia.

OPHIURANS OF UNITED STATES NATIONAL MUSEUM. 137

Family ASTROCHEMID^.

ASTROCHEMA ELONGATUM, new species.
Plate 17, figs. 1-3; plate 18, fig. 8.

Fish Hawk station 7280. Feb. 14, 1902. Lat. 24° 17' 05" N.; long. 81° 58'
25" W.; 132 fathoms; sand; temp. 52° F. Three specimens.

Type.— Cat. No. 32309, U.S.N.M.

The jar containing the three specimens was, unfortunately, badly corked and
consequently reached me completely dried, as well as a few Ophiomitra valida, which
accompanied them; the result is that the arms, which by the way are very long,
are fixed up in the position which they occupied when in alcohol, and as they are
strongly twisted up, it is rather difficult to form an accurate idea of their real length.

In the largest specimen, the diameter of the disk reaches 1 1 mm. from the end
of a radial rib to the middle of the opposite interradius ; the length of the arms must
have been about 30 centimeters. The other two samples are smaller, and the
diameters of their disks, respectively, measure 8 and 7 mm.

The disk is strongly excavated in the interradial spaces and is very thick. The
upper face is convex, more or less depressed in the central region; the under face
is plane. The upper face has 10 protruding and much elongated radial ribs which
all meet toward the center of the disk; the two ribs of each pair always remain
somewhat separated from each other by a more or less broad space. These ribs are
very narrow and they preserve the same width over almost all their length, except
at the proximal end which grows rapidly thinner and at the distal end which, on the
contrary, is widened. These ribs are noticeable not only from their being very
protruding, but also from their white color which shows off on the rest of the disk,
the tegument of which is dark brown. They are beset with thick granules which
are very dense and contiguous, and among which some bigger ones are noticeable
which are separated by other much smaller ones; all these granules, even the
largest ones, are rounded. The radial and interradial spaces of the upper face are
covered by a tegument carrying granules which always remain smaller than those
of the radial ribs; these granules also are unequal, but they are less dense than on
the ribs. When reaching the margin of the disk, and also in the vicinity of the
distal end of the radial ribs, these granules become a little coarser and they pro-
gressively extend over to the granules of the upper face of the arms.

The lateral faces of the disk, which are obliquely directed inwardly, meet the
upper face by a rather conspicuous angle ; they show the same coloring as the radial
and interradial spaces of the said face, and they are covered with similar granules.
The two genital slits of each interradial space are obliquely directed inward, and
converge toward the ventral face; they are elongated, rather wide, and preserve
the same width over their whole length, which reaches 3 mm.

The under face of the disk is covered with minute granules, of a uniform size,
and separated from each other; these granules become a little stronger toward the
margin of the disk in the interradial spaces; on the contrary, in the radial parts
they succeed the analogous but somewhat smaller granules existing on the under
face of the arms.

138 BULLETIN 84, UNITED STATES NATIONAL MUSEUM.

The outlines of the mouth pieces are completely hidden by the teguments.
Large rounded granules, which form two or even three regular rows, extend along
the mouth angles and represent oral papillae. At the end of the jaws, there is a
group of two or three tooth papillae which are more developed than the preceding
ones, flattened and lanceolate.

The arms are somewhat higher than broad; the upper face is strongly convex
and the under face is flattened. They are a little narrower at the beginning and
then they become slightly wider 2 or 3 centimeters from the base; at the same
time, the division into successive rings becomes more apparent. The granules of the
radial ribs extend over to the upper face of the arms where there are to be found, as
well as on these ribs, fairly large granules separated by other smaller ones, it being so
on the first six or eight brachial articles; beyond the granules lie wider apart, and
at the same time, their size decreases and becomes uniform. There are then to be
seen only loose minute granules which become still fewer and smaller as the distance
from the disk increases; finally, the granules completely disappear about 10 centi-
meters from the basis of the arms, and their upper face consequently remains
completely smooth.

The granules of the upper face of the arms extend over to the lateral faces with
the same characters; they become, however, a little smaller and more uniform
toward the under edge of the arms. On the under face of the arms granules are
again found which are analogous to those of the upper face of the disk, although
much smaller, but these granules rapidly become very small and fewer and they
finally disappear 3 or 4 centimeters from the disk.

The first pair of brachial tentacular pores is deprived of scales. On each pore
of the three succeeding pairs, one only is to be seen, and the second scale appears
on the pores of the fifth pair in the largest specimen.

These scales always have the shape of almost cylindrical spines, with thin but
obtuse ends. The length of the internal spine progressively increases from the
pores of the second pair and it finally reaches one and a half articles ; this spine
is rather strong, a little thinned at its tip, and it shows in its terminal part, on about
one-third of its length, rather strong successive denticulations. The external spine
always remains much weaker; it is conical and more pointed than the internal one,
and it hardly exceeds half the length of the latter; it also displays in its terminal
part denticulations, which, however, are weaker than on the internal spine.

In the secftnd specimen, the disk of which is 8 mm. in diameter, the external
spine appears generally from the fourth article upward, and in the third specimen,
which is smaller, it appears now on the fourth, now on the fifth article.

After the above description was written, I received an additional specimen
from the U. S. National Museum, as follows:

Albatross station 2152. Apr. 30, 1884. 2| miles NW. of Havana Light;
387 fathoms; co., temp. 49° F. One specimen.

The specimen is incomplete; the arms are all broken off near the basis and a few
loose fragments only are preserved.

The sample was labeled Astrochema arenosum, but the determination is evi-
dently incorrect, and we have to deal here with A. dongatum, a new species which
I have described above from specimens of the U. S. National Museum. I mention

OPHIUBANS OF UNITED STATES NATIONAL MUSEUM. 139

this specimen here and reproduce (pi. 18, fig. 8) an arm piece, because it shows a
peculiarity which I did not observe in the specimens which I used as types. In
fact, at the level of each brachial article, one of the granules of the upper face is
seen to take on a great development and to swell into a large conical nipple with
rounded end, which is very conspicuous and very much protruding above the level
of the next granules. This peculiarity is observed chiefly at the beginning of the
arms. I can but mention this special arrangement, which might perhaps justify
the introduction of a distinct variety, if it were found again on other samples.
By all its other characters, this individual may be referred to A. elongatum.

Connections and differences. — Among the Astrochema for which A. elongatum
might be mistaken, I shall cite chiefly A. clavigerum Verrill, inornatum Koehler,
intectum Lyman, and nuttingii Verrill. The distinction between them will be found
in the following characters.

A. clavigerum has protruding radial ribs, which, however, are widened; the
upper face of the disk and arms is covered with small, smooth granules which
become only a little stronger on the radial ribs without offering those inequalities
which I notice in the new species. The internal tentacular scale takes on a remark-
able development, and it is, besides, swollen at its end in the shape of a club. A.
inornatum has wide and little protruding radial ribs, which are uniformly covered
with small granules similar to those on the rest of the upper face of the disk; the
upper face of the arms also is uniformly granulous and the granules are always less
coarse than in A. elongatum. The arms are shorter and the internal brachial spine
is more club-like toward the end; the second spine always appears a little farther
away than in A. elongatum, and, as a rule, near the seventh pair, of pores. In A.
intectum from Havana, the under face of the arms is altogether bare and as to the
tentacular scales there are already two appearing on the pores of the second pair.
In A. nuttingii, the pores even of the first pair each carry a tentacular scale, and the
second scale appears either on the pores of the second or on those of the third pair.
The upper face of the arms offers but a bare tegument with a few very much reduced
granules, which, however, become more distinct at a certain distance from the disk;
the under face of the disk and of the arms is almost bare. The tentacular mouth
pores each bear a little distal scale; the row of oral papillae is more regular and the
tentacular scales are longer and narrower. Lastly, the radial ribs seem to be wider
and less protruding than in A. elongatum.

The other species from the West Indies are easily distinguished from A.
elongatum.

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07. KCEHLER, R. Revision des Ophiures du Museum d'Histoire Naturelle. Bull. Sci., vol. 44.
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pagnes du Prince de Monaco, Fasc. 34.

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kyst, 1906-1908, vol. 5.

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nat., Paris, 1913.

EXPLANATION OF PLATES.

PLATE 1.

Fig. 1 . Ophioderma elapg, side view of an arm. X3.

2. Ophioderma elaps, portion of the upper face of the disk and of an arm. X3.

3. Ophioglypha irrorata, under face. X2.

4. Ophioglypha irrorata, upper face. X2.

5. Ophioglypha sarsii, young, upper face. X9.

6. Ophioglypha sarsii, young, upper face. X5.

7. Ophiomusium rugosum, upper face. X4.

8. Ophiomusium rugosum, under face. X4.

9. Ophiomusium sculptum, upper face. X6.

PLATE 2.

Fig. 1. Ophioderma sp., young; upper face. X4.

2. Ophioderma Bp., young; under face. X4.

3. Ophioglypha coronata, upper face. X4.

4. Ophioglypha coronata, under face. X4.

5. Ophioglypha convcxa, under face. X4.

6. Ophioglypha convexa, upper face. X4.

PLATE 3.

Fig. 1. Ophiomusium armigerum, upper face. X5.

2. Ophioglypha lepida, upper face. X3.

3. Ophiomisidium speciosum, upper face. X7-

4. Ophiomisidium speciosum, under face. X7.

5. Ophioglypha elevata, under face. X6.

6. Ophiomyces mirabilis, under face. X6.

7. Ophiomusium testudo, upper face. XT-

PLATE 4.
Fig. 1. Amphiura flcxuosa, upper face. X6.

2. Amphiura flexuosa, under face. X6.

3. Amphiura kinbergiensis, under face of a specimen from the Albatross. X8.

4. Amphiura kinbergiensis, under face of a specimen from the Travailleur and the Talisman. X8.

5. Amphiura latispina, under face. X7.

6. Amphiura latispina, upper face. X7.

PLATE 5.

Fig. 1. Amphiura kinbergiensis, upper face of a specimen from the Albatross. X8.

2. Amphiura kinbergiensis, upper face of a specimen from the Travailleur and the Talisman. X8.

3. Amphiura complanata, upper face. X4.

4. Amphiura complanata, under face of another specimen. X5.

5. Amphiura complanata, upper face of the specimen illustrated in fig. 4. X5.

6. Amphiura complanata, under face of the specimen illustrated in fig. 3. X4.

7. Ophiocnida loveni, upper face. X".

8. Ophiocnida loveni, under face. X7.

143

144 BULLETIN 84, UNITED STATES NATIONAL MUSEUM.

PLATE 6.

Fig. 1. Amphiodia liitkeni, upper face. X7.

2. Amphiodia liitkeni, under face. X7.

3. Amphiodia nisei, under face. X7.

4. Amphiodia erecta, upper face of smaller specimen. Xll.

5. Amphiodia erecta, under face of the same. Xll.

6. Amphiodia erecta, upper face of the larger specimen. X6.

7. Amphiodia erecta, under face of the same. X6.

PLATE 7.

Fig. 1. Amphiura stimpsoni, upper face. Xll.

2. Amphiura stimpsoni, under face. X14.

3. Amphiura fibulata, upper face. X5.

4. Amphiura fibulata, under face. X7.

5. Amphiura fibulata, upper face of the disk of the same specimen, more enlarged. X7.

6. Amphiura diducta, upper face. X8.

7. Amphiura diducta, under face. X8.

PLATE 8.

Fig. 1. Ophiophragmus wundermani, upper face. X4.

2. Ophiophragmus wundermani, under face. X4.

3. Ophiacanlha bidentata, under face. X4.

4. Ophiacantha bidentata, under face. X4.

5. Amphiura otteri, upper face of one of Ljungman's types. X4.

6. Amphiura otteri, under face of the same. X4.

7. Amphiura otteri, under face of a specimen from the Albatross. X5.

8. Amphiura otteri, under face of an arm of one of Ljungman'e typee. X5.

9. Amphiura otteri, upper face of the same arm. X5.

PLATE 9.

Fig. 1. Ophiacantha mcridionalis, upper face. X6.

2. Ophiacantha meridionalis, under face. X6.

3. Ophiacantha pentacrinus, upper face. X10.

4. Ophiacantha pentacrinus, under face. X10.

5. Ophiacantha sp., allied to 0. pentacrinus; upper face. X10.

6. Ophiacantha ep., allied to 0. pentacrinus; under face of the same specimen. X10.

PLATE 10.

Fig. 1. Ophiomitrella levis, under face. X10.

2. Ophiacantha granulifera, upper face. X4.

3. Ophiacantha granulifera, under face. X5. J

4. Ophiomitra robusta, upper face. X4.

5. Ophiomitra robusta, under face. X4.

6. Ophiomitrella levis, upper face. X10.

PLATE 11.

Fig. 1. Ophiacantha aculeata, upper face. X4.

2. Ophiacantha aculeata, under face. X4.

3. Ophiacantha (Ophiapristis) permixta, upper face. X4.

4. Ophiacantha (Ophiopristis) permixta, under face. X4.5.

5. Ophiacantha fraterna, upper face. X4.

6. Ophiacantha fraterna, under face. X4.

EXPLANATION OP PLATES. 145

PLATE 12.

Fig. 1. Ophiotrema gracilis, upper face. X4.

2. Ophiotrema gracilis, under face. X5.5.

3. Ophiotrema alberti, upper face. X3.

4. Ophiotrema alberti, under face. X3.

5. Ophwmitrella porrecta, upper face. X6.

6. Ophiomitrella porrecta, under face. X6.

PLATE 13.

Fig. 1. Ophiacantha (Ophiotreta) affinis, under face. X4.

2. Ophiacantha (Ophwtreta) affinis, upper face. X4.

3. Ophiacantha (Ophwtreta) a/mis, under face of another specimen. X5.

4. Ophiomitrella Ixvipellis, upper face. X9.

5. Ophwmitrella Ixvipellis, under face. X9.

6. Ophiacantha vepratica, upper face. X5.

PLATE 14.

Fig. 1. Ophiochondrus granulatus, under face. X7.

2. Ophiochondrus armatus, upper face. X8.

3. Ophiochondrus armatus, under face. X8.

4. Ophiochondrus granulatus, upper face of a small specimen. X6.

5. Ophiochondrus granulatus, upper face of a larger specimen, the under face of which is illustrated

in fig. 1. X6.

6. Ophiochondrus armalus, more enlarged under face of the specimen illustrated in fig. 3. X7.

7. Sigsbeia conifera, upper face. X8.

PLATE 15.

Fig. 1. Ophiomitrella americana, upper face. X6.

2. Ophwmitrella americana, under face. X6.

3. Ophiacantha anomala, upper face of a fairly large specimen. X8.

4. Ophiacantha anomala, under face of the same. X4.

5. Ophiacantha anomala, under face of a young specimen. X8.

6. Ophioleptoplax atlantica, upper face. X7.

7. Ophioleptoplax atlantica, under face. X7.

PLATE 16.

Fig. 1. Ophiothrix convoluta, upper face. X4.

2. Ophiobyrsella quadrispinosa, upper face. X1.7.

3. Ophiobyrsclla quadrispinosa, under face. XL7.

4. Ophiologimus secundus, upper tace. X10.

5. Ophiologimus secundus, under face. X12.

6. Ophiothrix convoluta, upper face of the disk, more enlarged than in fig. 1. X7.5.

PLATE 17.

Fig. 1. Astrochema elongatum, upper face. X3.

2. Astrochema elongatum, under face of the whole animal, slightly reduced.

3. Astrochema elongatum, under face, more enlarged. X3.

4. Sigsbeia sexradiata, upper face. Xll.

5. Sigsbeia sexradiata, under face. Xll.

6. Sigsbeia conifera, under face. X8.

146 BULLETIN 84, UNITED STATES NATIONAL MUSEUM.

PLATE 18.

Fig. 1. Amphiura palmeri, under face. X7.

2. Ophiodmna clypeata, upper face. X1.6.

3. Amphiura palmeri, upper face. X6.

4. Ophioderma elaps, under face. X2.7.

5. Amphiura rathbuni, upper face. X7.

6. Ophioderma clypeata, under face. X2.7.

7. Amphiura rathbuni, under face. X7.

8. Astrochema elongatum, side view of an arm near the base. X3.

U. S. NATIONAL MUSEUM

BULLETIN 84 PL. 1

OPHIURANS OF THE U. S. NATIONAL MUSEUM.

FOR EXPLANATION OF PLATE SEE PAOE 143.

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FOR EXPLANATION OF PLATE SEE PAOE 146.

A SUPPLEMENTARY LIST OF WEST INDIAN OPHIURANS IN THE UNITED STATES
NATIONAL MUSEUM IDENTIFIED BY THEODORE LYMAN.

These have not been examined by Prof. R. Koehler and consequently are not
mentioned in the preceding portion of this Bulletin.

OPHIUR^E.
Family OPHIODERMATID^.

OPHIODERMA i APPRESSA (Say).

Nassau, Bahamas; J. I. and A. R. Northrop.
St. Thomas; A. H. Riise.

Old Providence; U. S. Fish Comm. Str. Albatross.
Caledonia Bay, Colombia.

OPHIODERMA BREVICAUDA Liitken.

St. Thomas; A. H. Riise.
St. Thomas; Albatross.
Caledonia Bay, Colombia.

OPHIODERMA BREVISPINA (Say).

Cape Florida, Florida; G. Wurdemann.

Marco, Florida; J. W. Velie.

Key West, Florida; Albatross.

Bahamas; H. Bryant.

St. Thomas; Albatross.

St. Thomas; A. H. Riise.

Sabanilla, Colombia.

Albatross station 2372, Feb. 7, 1885, lat. 29° 15' 30" N.; long. 85° 29' 30" W.,
27 fathoms, g.

Albatross station 2407, Mar. 15, 1885, lat. 28° 47' 30" N.; long. 84° 37' 00" W.,
24 fathoms, co. brk. sh.

OPHIODERMA CINEREA Mliller and Troschel.

Key Biscayne, Florida; G. Wurdemann.

St. Thomas; A. H. Riise.

Belize, Honduras; W. A. Stanton.

Curacao; Albatross; numerous specimens of which one is 4-armed.

Albatross station 2159, Apr. 30, 1884, lat. 23° 10' 39" N.; long. 82° 20' 08" W.,
98 fathoms, co.

Albatross station 2168, May 1, 1884, lat. 23° 10' 36" N.: long. 82° 20' 20" W.,
122 fathoms, co.

Albatross station 2320, Jan. 17, 1885, lat. 23° 10' 39" N.; long. 82° 18' 48" W.,
130 fathoms, fne. co.

Albatross station 2322, Jan. 17, 1*885, lat. 23° 10' 54" N.; long. 82° 17' 45" W.,
115 fathoms, co.

Albatross station 2334, Jan. 19, 1885, lat. 23° 10' 42" N.; long. 82° 18' 24" W.,
67 fathoms, wh. co.

1 This was called OpTtiura by Lvman.

147
6061°— Bull. 84—14—11

148 BULLETIN 84, UNITED STATES NATIONAL MUSEUM.

OPH1ODEHMA RUBICUNDA Lutken.

St. Thomas; A. H. Riise.

OPHIOP.EPALE GOflsIANA Ljungman.

Albatross station 2159, Apr. 30, 1884, lat. 23° 10' 39" N.; long. 82° 20' 08" W.,
98 fathoms, co.

Albatross station 2160, Apr. 30, 1884, lat. 23° 10' 31" N.; long. 82° 20' 37" W.,
167 fathoms, co.

Albatross station 2161, Apr. 30, 1884, lat. 23° 10' 36" N.; long. 82° 20' 28" W.,
146 fathoms, co.

Albatross station 2163, Apr. 30, 1884, lat. 23° 10' 31" N.; long. 82° 20' 29" W.,
133 fathoms, co.

Albatross station 2166, May 1, 1884, lat. 23° 10' 36" N.; long. 82° 20' 30" W.,
196 fathoms, co., temp. 71.9° F.

Albatross station 2319, Jan. 17, 1885, lat. 23° 10' 37" N.; long. 82° 20' 06" W.,
143 fathoms, gy. co.

Albatross station 2320, Jan. 17, 1885, lat. 23° 10' 39" N.; long. 82° 18' 48" W.,
130 fathoms, fne. co.

Albatross station 2322, Jan. 17, 1885, lat. 23° 10' 54" N.; long. 82° 17' 45" W.,
115 fathoms, co.

Albatross station 2327, Jan. 17, 1885, lat. 23° 11' 45" N.; long. 82° 17' 54" W.,
182 fathoms, fne. br. s.

Albatross station 2329, Jan. 17, 1885, lat. 23° 11' 03" N.; long. 82° 18' 45" W.,
118 fathoms, wh. co.

Albatross station 2336, Jan. 19, 1885, lat. 23° 10' 48" N.; long. 82° 18' 52" W.,
157 fathoms, co.

Albatross station 2337, Jan. 19, 1885, lat. 23° 10' 39" N.; long. 82° 20' 21" W.,

199 fathoms, co.

Albatross station 2346, Jan. 20, 1885, lat. 23° 10' 39" N.; long. 82° 20' 21" W.,

200 fathoms, co.

Albatross station 2348, Jan. 20, 1885, lat. 23° 10' 39" N.; long. 82° 20' 21" W.,
211 fathoms, co.

OPHIOPXREN LONGISP1NUS Lyman.

Albatross station 2354, Jan. 22, 1885, lat. 20° 59' 30" N.; long. 86° 23' 45" W.,
130 fathoms, co.

Albatross station 2355, Jan. 22, 1885, lat. 20° 56' 48" N.; long. 86° 27' 00" W.,
399 fathoms, yl. oz.

OPH1ARACHNELLA ANGULATA (Lyman).

Albatross station 2133-2134, Feb. 27, 1884, lat. 19° 55' 55" to 56' 06" N.; long.
75° 48' 03" to 47' 32" W., 290 to 254 fathoms, wh. s. brk. sh.

Albatross station 2135, Feb. 27, 1884, lat. 19° 55' 58" N.; long. 75° 47' 07" W.,
250 fathoms, hrd. co.

Albatross station 2321, Jan. 17, 1885, lat. 23° 10' 54" N.; long. 82° 18' 00" W.,
230 fathoms, fne. gy. s.

Albatross station 2345, Jan. 20, 1885, lat. 23° 10' 40" N.; long. 82° 20' 15" W.,
184 fathoms, fne. gy. wh. co.

OPHIURANS IDENTIFIED BY THEODORE LYMAN. 149

OPHIARACHNELLA PETERSI (Lyman).

Albatross station 2320, Jan. 17, 1885, lat, 23° 10' 39" N.; long. 82° 18' 48" W.,
130 fathoms, fne. co.

BATHYPECTINURA LACERTOSA (Lyman).

Albatross station 2379, Mar. 2, 1885, lat. 28° 00' 15" N.; long. 87° 42' 00" W.,
1,467 fathoms, yl. oz.

Albatross station 2380, Mar. 2, 1885, lat. 28° 02' 30" N.; long. 87° 43' 45" W.,
1,430 fathoms, br. m.; temp. 40.1° F.

Albatross station 2381, Mar. 2, 1885, lat. 28° 05' 00" N.; long. 87° 56' 15" W.,
1,330 fathoms, It. br. m.

Albatross station 2395, Mar. 13, 1885, lat. 28° 36' 15" N.; long. 86° 50' 00" W.,
347 fathoms, gy. m.; temp. 44.1° F.

Albatross station 2396, Mar. 13, 1885, lat. 28° 34' 00" N.; long. 86° 48' 00" W.,
335 fathoms, gy. m.

Family OPHIOLEPID^.

OPHIOLEPIS ELEGANS Liitken.

St. Thomas; Albatross.

Albatross station 2317, Jan. 15, 1885, lat. 24° 25' 45" N.; long. 81° 46' 45" W.,
45 fathoms, co.; temp. 75° F.

Albatross station 2318, Jan. 15, 1885, lat. 24° 25' 45" N.; long. 81° 46' 00" W.,
45 fathoms, co.; temp. 75° F.

Albatross station 2374, Feb. 7, 1885, lat. 29° 11' 30" N.; long. 85° 29' 00" W.,

26 fathoms, s. g. brk. sh.

Albatross station 2388, Mar. 4, 1885, lat. 29° 24' 30" N.; long. 88° 01' 00" Wv
35 fathoms, yl. s. bk. sp.

Albatross station 2389, Mar. 4, 1885, lat. 29° 28' 00" N.; long. 87° 56' 00" W.,

27 fathoms, gy. s. brk. sh.

Albatross station 2405, Mar. 15, 1885, lat. 28° 45' 00" N.; long. 85° 02' 00" W.,
30 fathoms, gy. s. brk. co.

Albatross station 2407, Mar. 15, 1885, lat. 28° 47' 30" N.; long. 84° 37' 00" W.,
24 fathoms, co. brk. sh.

Albatross station 2410, Mar. 18, 1885, lat. 26° 47' 30" N.; long. 83° 25' 15" W.,

28 fathoms, fne. wh. s. bk. sp. brk. sh.

OPHIOLEPIS PAUCISPINA (Say).

Key West, Florida; Albatross.
St. Thomas; A. H. Riise.

OPHIOZONA MARMOREA Lyman.

Albatross station 2347, Jan. 20, 1885, lat. 23° 10' 39" N.; long. 82° 20' 21" W.,
216 fathoms, co.

OPHIOZONA CLYPEATA Lyman.

Albatross station 2338, Jan. 19, 1885, lat. 23° 10' 40" N.; long. 82° 20' 15" W.,
189 fathoms, co.

Albatross station 2345, Jan. 20, 1885, lat. 23° 10' 40" N.; long. 82° 20' 15" W.,
184 fathoms, fne. gy. wh. co.

150 BULLETIN 84, UNITED STATES NATIONAL MUSEUM.

OPmOZONA NIVEA Lyman.

Albatross station 2117, Jan. 27, 1884, lat. 15° 24' 40" N.; long. 63° 31' 30" W.,
683 fathoms, yl. m. fne. s.; temp. 39.75° F.

Albatross station 2152, Apr. 30, 1884, 2£ miles NW. of Havana Light, 387
fathoms, co.; temp. 49° F.

Albatross station 2159, Apr. 30, 1884, lat. 23° 10' 39" N.; long. 82° 20' 08" W.,
98 fathoms, co.

Albatross station 2162, Apr. 30, 1884, lat. 23° 10' 30" N.; long. 82° 20' 25" W.,
122 fathoms, co.

Albatross station 2167, May 1, 1884, lat. 23° 10' 40" K; long. 82° 20' 30" W.,
201 fathoms, co.

Albatross station 2168, May 1, 1884, lat. 23° 10' 36" N.; long. 82° 20' 20" W.,
122 fathoms, co.

Albatross station 2321, Jan. 17, 1885, lat. 23° 10' 54" N.; long. 82° 18' 00" W.,

230 fathoms, fne. gy. s.

Albatross station 2327, Jan. 17, 1885, lat. 23° 11' 45" N.; long. 82° 17' 54" W.,
182 fathoms, fne. br. s.

Albatross station 2358, Jan. 29, 1885, lat. 20° 19' 00" N.; long. 87° 03' 30" W.,
222 fathoms, fne. wh. co.

Albatross station 2359, Jan. 29, 1885, lat. 20° 19' 10" N.; long. 87° 03' 30" W.,

231 fathoms, wh. co.; temp. 50.8° F.

OPHIOZONA TESSELLATA Lyman.

Albatross station 2321, Jan. 17, 1885, lat. 23° 10' 54" N.; long. 82° 18' 00" W.,
230 fathoms, fne. gy. s.

Albatross station 2327, Jan. 17, 1885, lat. 23° 11' 45" N.; long. 82° 17' 54" W.,
182 fathoms, fne. br. s.

OPHIOZONA IMPRESSA (LUtken).

Key West, Florida; Albatross.

St. Thomas; A. H. Riise.

St. Thomas; Albatross.

Curacao; Albatross.

Albatross station 2136, Feb. 29, 1884, lat. 17° 43' 40" N.; long. 75° 38' 25" W.,
52 fathoms, co. brk. sh.

Albatross station 2138, Feb. 29, 1884, lat. 17° 44' 05" N.; long. 75° 39' 00" W.,
23 fathoms, co. brk. sh.

Albatross station 2159, Apr. 30, 1884, lat. 23° 10' 39" N.; long. 82° 20' 08" W.,
98 fathoms, co.

Albatross station 2166, May 1, 1884, lat. 23° 10' 36" N.; long. 82° 20' 30" W.,
196 fathoms, co.; temp. 71.9° F.

Albatross station 2322, Jan. 17, 1885, lat. 23° 10' 54" N.; long. 82° 17' 45" W.,
115 fathoms, co.

Albatross station 2326, Jan. 17, 1885, lat. 23° 11' 45" N.; long. 82° 18' 54" W.,
194 fathoms, br. co., temp. 62° F.

Albatross station 2327, Jan. 17, 1885, lat. 23° 11' 45" N.; long. 82° 17' 54" W.,
182 fathoms, fne. br. s.

Albatross station 2335, Jan. 19, 1885, lat. 23° 10' 39" N.; long. 82° 20' 21" W.,
204 fathoms.

OPHIUBANS IDENTIFIED BY THEODOEE LYMAN. 151

Albatross station 2336, Jan. 19, 1885, lat. 23° 10' 48" N.; long. 82° 18' 52" W.,
157 fathoms, co.

Albatross station 2341, Jan. 19, 1885, lat. 23° 11' 00" N.; long. 82° 19' 06" W.,
143 fathoms, co.

Albatross station 2345, Jan. 20, 1885, lat, 23° 10' 40" N.; long. 82° 20' 15" W.,
184 fathoms, fne. gy. wh. co.

Albatross station 2349, Jan. 20, 1885, lat. 23° 10' 40" N.; long. 82° 20' 15" W.,
182 fathoms, co.

OPHIOZONA DTJBIA Lyman.

Albatross station 2383, Mar. 3, 1885, lat. 28° 32' 00" N.; long. 88° 06' 00" W.,
1,181 fathoms, br. gn. m., temp. 39.8° F.

OPHIERNTJS ADSPERSTJS Lyman.

Albatross station 2143, Mar. 23, 1884, lat. 9° 30' 45" N.; long. 76° 25' 30" W.,
155 fathoms, gn. m.

Albatross station 2359, Jan. 29, 1885, lat. 20° 19' 10" N.; long. 87° 03' 30" W.,
231 fathoms, wh. co.; temp. 50.8° F.

Albatross station 2376, Feb. 11, 1885, lat. 29° 03° 15" N.; long. 88° 16' 00" W.,
324 fathoms, gy. m. ; temp. 46.5° F.

Albatross station 2394, Mar. 13, 1885, lat. 28° 38' 30" N. ; long. 87° 02' 00" W.,
420 fathoms, gn. m.; temp. 41.8° F.

Albatross station 2395, Mar. 13, 1885, lat. 28° 36' 15" N.; long. 86° 50' 00" W.,
347 fathoms, gy. m. ; temp. 44.1° F.

OPHIERNUS FASCICCLATTTS.

Albatross station 2143, Mar. 23, 1884, lat. 9° 30' 45" N.; long. 76° 25' 30" W.,
155 fathoms, gn. m.

OPmOTHYREUS GOfiSU Ljungman.

Albatross station 2321, Jan. 17, 1885, lat. 23° 10' 54" N.; long. 82° 18' 00" W.,
230 fathoms, fne. gy. s.

Albatross station 2327, Jan. 17, 1885, lat. 23° 11' 45" N.; long. 82° 17' 54" W.,
182 fathoms, fne. br. s.

Albatross station 2337, Jan. 19, 1885, lat. 23° 10' 39" N.; long. 82° 20' 21" W.,

199 fathoms, co.

Albatross station 2341, Jan. 19, 1885, lat. 23° 11' 00" N.; long. 82° 19' 06" W.,
143 fathoms, co.

Albatross station 2345, Jan. 20, 1885, lat. 23° 10' 40" N.; long. 82° 20' 15" W.,
184 fathoms, fne. gy. wh. co.

Albatross station 2346, Jan. 20, 1885, lat. 23° 10' 39" N.; long. 82° 20' 21" W.,

200 fathoms, co.

Albatross station 2348, Jan. 20, 1885, lat. 23° 10' 39" N.; long. 82° 20' 21" W.,
211 fathoms, co.

OPHIOLEPUS AGASSIZU Lyman.

Albatross station 2400, Mar. 14, 1885, lat. 28° 41' 00" N.; long. 86° 07' 00" W.,
169 fathoms, gy. m.

OPHIOMASTTJS SECUNDUS Lyman.

Albatross station 2117, Jan. 27, 1884, lat. 15° 24' 40" N.; long. 63° 31' 30" W.>
683 fathoms, yl. m. fne. s.; temp. 39.75° F.

152 BULLETIN 84, UNITED STATES NATIONAL MUSEUM.

OPHIOGLYPHA ACERVATA Lyman.

Albatross station 2140, Mar. 11, 1884, lat. 17° 36' 10" N.; long 76° 46' 05" W
966 fathoms, s.; temp. 39.7° F.

Albatross station, 2317, Jan. 15, 1885, lat. 24° 25' 45" N.; long. 81° 46' 45" W.
45 fathoms, co. ; temp. 75° F.

Albatross station 2329, Jan. 17, 1885, lat. 23° 11' 03" N.; long. 82° 18' 45" W.
118 fathoms, wh. co.

Albatross station 2351, Jan. 21, 1885, lat. 22° 41' 00" N.; long. 84° 16' 30" W
426 fathoms.

Albatross station 2392, Mar. 13, 1885, lat. 28° 47' 30" N.; long. 87° 27' 00" W
724 fathoms, br. gy. m. ; temp. 40.7° F.

Albatross^st&tion. 2399, Mar. 14, 1885, lat. 28° 44' 00" N.; long. 86° 18' 00"W.
196 fathoms, gy. m.; temp. 51.6° F.

Albatross station 2400, Mar. 14, 1885, lat. 28° 41' 00" N.; long. 86° 07' 00" W.
169 fathoms, gy. m.

Albatross station 2401, Mar. 14, 1885, lat. 28° 38' 30" N.; long. 85°52' 30" W.,
142 fathoms, gn. m. brk. sh.

OPHIOGLYPHA FALCIFERA Lyman.

Albatross station 2359, Jan. 29, 1885, lat. 20° 19' 10" N".; long. 87° 03' 30" W.
231 fathoms, wh. co.; temp. 50.8° F.

Albatross station 2398, Mar. 14, 1885, lat. 28° 45' 00" N.; long. 86° 26' 00" W.,
227 fathoms, gy. m. ; temp. 48.6° F.

OPHIOGLYPHA ^EQUALIS Lyman.

Albatross station 2140, Mar. 11, 1884, lat. 17° 36' 10" N.; long. 76° 46' 05" W
966 fathoms, s. ; temp. 39.7° F.

OPHIOGLYPHA SCULPTILIS Lyman.'

Albatross station 2351, Jan. 21, 1885, lat. 22° 41' 00" N.: long 84° 16' 30" W
426 fathoms.

Albatross station 2393, Mar. 13, 1885, lat. 28° 43' 00" N. ; long. 87° 14' 30" W.,
525 fathoms, It. gy. m.; temp. 41.1° F.

Albatross station 2394, Mar. 13, 1885, lat. 28° 38' 30" N. ; long. 87° 02' 00" W.,
420 fathoms, gn. m.; temp. 41.8° F.

OPHIOGLYPHA TENERA Lyman.

Albatross station 2127, Feb. 25, 1884, lat. 19° 45' 00" N.; long. 75° 04' 00" W.,
1,639 fathoms, gn. m.

OPmOMUSIUM EBDHNEUM Lyman.

Albatross station 2130, Feb. 27, 1884, lat. 19° 56' 25" N.; long. 75° 49' 49" W.,
175 fathoms, gy. m. s. brk. sh.

Albatross station 2159, Apr. 30, 1884, lat. 23° 10' 39" N.; long. 82° 20' 08" W.,
98 fathoms, co.

Albatross station 2314, Jan. 5, 1885, lat. 32° 43' 00" N.; long. 77° 51' 00" W.,
159 fathoms, crs. s. bk. sp. brk. sh.; temp. 47.4° F.

Albatross station 2320, Jan. 17, 1885, lat. 23° 10' 39" N.; long. 82° 18' 48" W.,
130 fathoms, fne. co.

Albatross station 2398, Mar. 14, 1885, lat. 28° 45' 00" N.; long. 86° 26' 00" W.,
227 fathoms, gy. m. ; temp. 48.6° F.

1 Labeled Ophioglypha variabilit Lyman.

OPHIURANS IDENTIFIED BY THEODORE LYMAN. 153

OPHIOMtTSIUM SERRATUM Lyman.

Albatross station 2324, Jan. 17, 1885, lat. 23° 10' 25" N.; long. 82° 20' 24" W.,
33 fathoms, co.; temp. 79.1° F.

Albatross station 2343, Jan. 19, 1885, lat. 23° 11' 35" N.; long. 82° 19' 25" W.,
279 fathoms, fne. co.

Albatross station 2347, Jan. 20, 1885, lat. 23° 10' 39" N.; long. 82° 20' 21" W.,
216 fathoms, co.

OPHIOMUSIUM PLANUM Lyman.

Albatross station 2127, Feb. 25, 1884, lat. 19° 45' 00" N.; long. 75° 04' 00" W.,
1,639 fathoms, gn. m.

Albatross station 2341, Jan. 19, 1885, lat. 23° 11' 00" N.; long. 82° 19' 06" W.,
143 fathoms, co.

Albatross station 2342, Jan. 19, 1885, lat. 23° 10' 39" N.; long. 82° 20' 21" W.,
201 fathoms, co.

OPHIOMUSIUM ACUFERUM Lyman.

Albatross station 2159, Apr. 30, 1884, lat. 23° 10' 39" N.; long. 82° 20' 08" W.,
98 fathoms, co.

Albatross station 2321, Jan. 17, 1885, lat. 23° 10' 54" N.; long. 82° 18' 00" W.,
230 fathoms, fne. gy. s.

Albatross station 2327, Jan. 17, 1885, lat. 23° 11' 45" N.; long. 82° 17' 54" W.,
182 fathoms, fne. br. s.

Albatross station 2335, Jan. 19, 1885, lat. 23° 10' 39" N.j long. 82° 20' 21" W.,
204 fathoms.

OPHIOMUSIUM VALIDUM Ljungman.

Albatross station 2117, Jan. 27, 1884, lat. 15° 24' 40" N.; long. 63° 31' 30" W.,
683 fathoms.

Albatross station 2118, Jan. 28, 1884, lat. 13° 32' 40" N.; long. 62° 54' 00" W.,
690 fathoms.

Albatross station 2129, Feb. 27, 1884, lat. 19° 56' 04" N.; long. 75° 48' 55" W.,
274 fathoms, bu. m. fne. s.

Albatross station 2133, Feb. 27, 1884, lat. 19° 55' 55" N.; long. 75° 48' 03" W.,
290 fathoms, wh. s. brk. sh.

Albatross station 2140, Mar. 11, 1884, lat. 17° 36' 10" N.; long. 76° 46' 05" W.,
966 fathoms, s.; temp. 39.7° F.

Albatross station 2143, Mar. 23, 1884, lat. 9° 30' 45" N.; long. 76° 25' 30" W.,
155 fathoms, gn. m.

Albatross station 2321, Jan. 17, 1885, lat. 23° 10' 54" N.; long. 82° 18' 00" W.,
230 fathoms, fne. gy. s.

Albatross station 2327; Jan. 17, 1885, lat. 23° 11' 45" N.; long. 82° 17' 54" W.,
182 fathoms, fne. br. s.

Albatross station 2351, Jan. 21, 1885, lat. 22° 41 ' 00" N.; long. 84° 16' 30" W.,
426 fathoms.

Albatross station 2384, Mar. 3, 1885, lat. 28° 45' 00" N.; long. 88° 15' 30" W.,
940 fathoms, br. gy. m.; temp. 39.6° F.

154 BULLETIN 84, UNITED STATES NATIONAL MUSEUM.

OPHIOMUS1DM TESTUDO Lyman.

Albatross station 2135, Feb. 27, 1884, lat. 19° 55' 58" N.; long. 75° 47' 07" W
250 fathoms, hrd. co.

Albatross station 2152, Apr. 30, 1884, 2* miles NW. of Havana I>ht 387
fathoms, co.; temp. 49° F.

Albatross station 2159, Apr. 30, 1884, lat. 23° 10' 39" N.; long. 82° 20' 08" W.
98 fathoms, co.

Albatross station 2327, Jan. 17, 1885, lat. 23° 11' 45" N • lonsr 82° 17' U" W
182 fathoms, fne. br. s.

Albatross station 2335, Jan. 19, 1885, lat. 23° 10' 39" N.; long. 82° 20' 21" W
204 fathoms.

Albatross station 2337, Jan. 19, 1885, lat. 23° 10' 39" N • lone 8*?° •>()' 21 " W

199 fathoms, co.

Albatross station 2338, Jan. 19, 1885, lat. 23° 10' 40" N.; long. 82° 20' 15" W
189 fathoms, co.

Albatross station 2341, Jan. 19, 1885, lat. 23° 11' 00" N.; long. 82° 19' 06" W.
143 fathoms, co.

Albatross station 2346, Jan. 20, 1885, lat. 23° 10' 39" N • Ions 8?° 20' 21 " W

200 fathoms, co.

Albatross station 2359, Jan. 29, 1885, lat. 20° 19' 10" N.; long. 87° 03' 30" W.
231 fathoms, wh. co.

Family AMPHIUEID^E.

OPHIOSTIGMA ISACANTHUM (Say).

Key West, Florida; Albatross; one specimen with 6 arms.
St. Thomas; Albatross.
Curacao; Albatross.

Albatross station 2362, Jan. 30, 1885, lat. 22° 08' 30" N.; long. 86° 53' 30" W.

25 fathoms, co. s.

Albatross station 2405, Mar. 15, 1885, lat. 28° 45' 00" N.; long. 85° 02' 00" W
30 fathoms, gy. s. brk. co.

Albatross station 2406, Mar. 15, 1885, lat. 28° 46' 00" N.jlong. 84° 49' 00" W.

26 fathoms, crs. s. co.

HEMIPHOLIS ELONGATA (Say).i

South Carolina; J. D. Kurtz.
Trinidad; Albatross.

OPHIACTIS SAVIGNYI (Muller and Troschel).

Key West, Florida; Albatross.
St. Thomas ; Albatross.
Curacao; Albatross.

OPHIACTIS MttLtERI LUtken.

St. Thomas; A. H. Riise.

Albatross station 2138, Feb. 29, 1884, lat. 17° 44' 05" N.; long. 75° 39' 00" W.
23 fathoms, co. brk. sh.

Albatross station 2405, Mar. 15, 1885, lat. 28° 45' 00" N.; long. 85° 02' 00" W.
30 fathoms, gy. s. brk. co.

1 Labeled by Lyman, Hcmipholis cordifera Lyman.

OPHIUBANS IDENTIFIED BY THEODORE LYMAN. 155

OPHIACTIS PLANA Lyman.

Albatross station 2389, Mar. 4, 1885, lat. 29° 28' 00" N.; long. 87° 56' 00" W.,
27 fathoms, gy. s. brk. sh.

Albatross station 2390, Mar. 4, 1885, lat. 29° 27' 30" N.; long. 87° 48' 30" W.,
30 fathoms, crs. s. bk. sp. sh.

Albatross station 2406, Mar. 15, 1885, lat. 28° 46' 00" N. ; long. 84° 49' 00" W.,
26 fathoms, crs. s. co.

OPHIACTIS KREBSII LUtken.

St. Thomas; A. II. Riise.

AMPHILIMNA OLIVACEA (Lyman).'

Albatross station 2121-2122, Feb. 3, 1884, lat. 10° 37' 00" N.; long. 61° 44'
22" W., 34 fathoms, dk. slate col. m.; temp. 67° F. and 73° F.

Albatross station 2145, Apr. 2, 1884, lat. 9° 27' 00" N.; long. 79° 54' 00" W.,
25 fathoms, gn. m. brk. sh.

Albatross station 2401, Mar. 14, 1885, lat. 28° 38' 30" N.; long. 85° 52' 30" W.,

142 fathoms, gn. m. brk. sh.

OPHIONEREIS RETICULATA (Say).

Key West, Florida; Albatross.

St. Thomas; A. H. Riise.

Curacao; Albatross.

Albatross station 2167, May 1, 1884, lat. 23° 10' 40" N.; long. 82° 20' 30" W.,
201 fathoms, co.

Albatross station 2323, Jan. 17, 1885, lat. 23° 10' 51" N.; long. 82° 19' 03" W.,
163 fathoms, wh. br. co.

Albatross station 2330, Jan. 17, 1885, lat. 23° 10' 48" N.; long. 82° 19' 15" W.,
121 fathoms, fne. gy. co.

OPHIOPLAX LJUNGMANI Lyman.

Albatross station 2319, Jan. 17, 1885, lat. 23° 10' 37" N.; long. 82° 20' 06" W.,

143 fathoms, gy. co.

Albatross station 2320, Jan. 17, 1885, lat. 23° 10' 39" N.; long. 82° 18' 48" W.,
130 fathoms, fne. co.

Albatross station 2327, Jan. 17, 1885, lat. 23° 11' 45" N.; long. 82° 17' 54" W.,
182 fathoms, fne. br. s.

Albatross station 2342, Jan. 19, 1885, lat. 23° 10' 39" N.; long. 82° 20' 21" W.,
201 fathoms, co.

OPHIOPSILA RIISEI Lfltken.

Cape Florida, Florida; G. Wurdemann.

Albatross station 2136, Feb. 29, 1884, lat. 17° 43' 40" N.; long. 75° 38' 25" W.,
52 fathoms, co. brk. sh.

Albatross station 2138, Feb. 29, 1884, lat. 17° 44' 05" N.; long. 75° 39' 00" W.,
23 fathoms, co. brk. sh.

Albatross station 2146, Apr. 2, 1884, lat. 9° 32' 00" N.; long. 79° 54' 30" W.,
34 fathoms, brk. sh.

Albatross station 2323, Jan. 17, 1885, lat. 23° 10' 51" N.; long. 82° 19' 03" W.,
163 fathoms, wh. br. co.

' Labeled by Lyman, Ophiocnida olivacea.

156 BULLETIN 84, UNITED STATES NATIONAL MUSEUM.

AMPHIURA OTTER! Ljungman.

Albatross station 2329, Jan. 17, 1885, lat. 23° 11' 03" N.; long. 82° 18' 45" W.,
118 fathoms, wh. co.

AMPHIURA GRANDISQUAMA Lyman.

Albatross station 2320, Jan. 17. 1885, lat. 23° 10' 39" N.: long. 82° 18' 48" W.,
130 fathoms, fne. co.

AMPHIURA SEMIERMIS Lyman.

Albatross station 2317, Jan. 15, 1885, lat. 24° 25' 45" N.; long. 81° 46' 45" W.,
45 fathoms, co.

AMPHIURA LIMBATA (Grube.)

Sabanilla, Colombia; Albatross.

AMPHIURA RIISEI LUtken.

Albatross station 2142, Mar. 23, 1884, lat. 9° 30' 15" N.; long. 76° 20' 30" W.,
42 fathoms, gn. m. s.

Albatross station 2145, Apr. 2, 1884, lat. 9° 27' 00" N.; long. 79° 54' 00" W.,
25 fathoms, gn. m. brk. sh.

AMPHIURA INCISA Lyman.

Albatross station 2144, Mar. 25, 1884, lat. 9° 49' 00" N.; long. 79° 31' 30" W.,
896 fathoms, gn. m.

Albatross station 2384, Mar. 3, 1885, lat. 28° 45' 00" N.; long. 88° 15' 30" W.,
940 fathoms, br. gy. m.; temp. 39.6° F.

AMPHIURA REPENS Lyman.

Albatross station 2362, Jan. 30, 1885, lat. 22° 08' 30" N.; long. 86° 53' 30" W.,
25 .fathoms, co. s.

Albatross station 2372, Feb. 7, 1885, lat. 29° 15' 30" N. ; long. 85° 29' 30" W.,
27 fathoms, g.

Albatross station 2373, Feb. 7, 1885, lat. 29° 14' 00" N.; long. 85° 29' 15" W.,
25 fathoms, co.

AMPHIURA DUPLICATA Lyman.

Albatross station 2117, Jan. 27, 1884, lat. 15° 24' 40" N.; long. 63° 31' 30" W.,
683 fathoms, yl. m. fne. s.; temp. 39.75° F.

Albatross station 2351, Jan. 21, 1885, lat. 22° 41' 00" N.; long. 84° 16' 30" W.,
426 fathoms.

Albatross station 2383, Mar. 3, 1885, lat. 28° 32' 00" N.; long. 88° 06' 00" W.,
1,181 fathoms, br. gn. m.; temp. 39.8° F.

AMPHIPHOLIS SQUAMATA (Delle ChlajeJ.i

St. Thomas; A. H. Kiise.

Family OPHIACANTHID^.

OPHIACANTHA STELLATA Lyman.

Albatross station 2327, Jan. 17, 1885, lat. 23° 11' 45" N.; long. 82° 17' 54" W.,
182 fathoms, fne. br. s.

Albatross station 2331, Jan. 17, 1885, lat. 23° 10' 31" N.; long. 82° 19' 55" W.,
114 fathoms, co.

i Labeled by Lyman, A mphiura tenera Lutken.

OPHIUBANS IDENTIFIED BY THEODORE LYMAN. 157

OPHIACANTHA ASPERA Lyman.

Off Havana, Cuba; Albatross.

Albatross station 2321, Jan. 17, 1885, lat. 23° 10' 54" N.; long. 82° 18' 00" W.,

230 fathoms, fne. gy. s.

Albatross station 2337, Jan. 19, 1885, lat. 23° 10' 39" N.; long. 82° 20' 21" W.,
199 fathoms, co.

OPHIACANTHA TROSCHELI Lyman.

Albatross station 2354, Jan. 22, 1885, lat. 20° 59' 30" N.; long. 86° 23' 45" W.,
130 fathoms, co.

OPHIACANTHA (OPHIOPRISTIS) HIRSUTA Lyman/

Albatross station 2335, Jan. 19, 1885, lat. 23° 10' 39" N.; long. 82° 20' 21" W.,
204 fathoms.

OPHIACANTHA (OPHIOTRETA) SERTATA Lyman. 2

Albatross station 2359, Jan. 29, 1885, lat, 20° 19' 10" N.; long. 87° 03' 30" W.,

231 fathoms, wh. co.; temp. 50.8° F.

OPHIOLIMNA MIXTA (Lyman).'

Albatross station 2136, Feb. 29, 1884, lat. 17° 43' 40" N.; long. 75° 38' 25" W.,
52 fathoms, co. brk. sh.

Albatross station 2156, Apr. 30, 1884, lat. 23° 10' 35" N.; long. 82° 21' 55" W.,
278 fathoms, co.

Albatross station 2159, Apr. 30, 1884, lat. 23° 10' 39" N.; long. 82° 20' 08" W.,
98 fathoms, co.

Albatross station 2167, May 1, 1884, lat. 23° 10' 40" N.; long. 82° 20' 30" W.,
201 fathoms, co.

Albatross station 2321, Jan. 17, 1885, lat. 23° 10' 54" N.; long. 82° 18' 00" W.,
230 fathoms, fne. gy. s.

Albatross station 2327, Jan. 17, 1885, lat. 23° 11' 45" N.; long. 82° 17' 54" W.,
182 fathoms, fne. br. s.

Albatross station 2333, Jan. 19, 1885, lat. 23° 10' 36" N.; long. 82° 19' 12" W.,
169 fathoms, fne. wh. co.

Albatross station 2334, Jan. 19, 1885, lat. 23° 10' 42" N".; long. 82° 18' 24" W.,
67 fathoms, wh. co.

Albatross station 2335, Jan. 19, 1885, lat. 23° 10' 39" N.; long. 82° 20' 21" W.,
204 fathoms.

Albatross station 2337, Jan. 19, 1885, lat. 23° 10' 39" N.; long. 82° 20' 21" W.,
199 fathoms, co.

Albatross station 2338, Jan. 19, 1885, lat. 23° 10' 40" N.; long. 82° 20' 15" W.,
189 fathoms, co.

Albatross station 2345, Jan. 20, 1885, lat. 23° 10' 40" N.; long. 82° 20' 15" W.,
184 fathoms, fne. gy. wh. co.

Albatross station 2349, Jan. 20, 1885, lat. 23° 10' 40" N.; long. 82° 20' 15" W.,
182 fathoms, co.

Albatross station 2353, Jan. 22, 1885, laf. 20° 59' 00" N.; long. 86° 23' 00" W.,
167 fathoms, co.

1 Labeled by Lyman, Ophiacantha Kirsuta.
> Labeled by Lyman, Ophiacantha sertala.
' Labeled by Lyman, Ophiochoeta mixtit.

158 BULLETIN 84, UNITED STATES NATIONAL MUSEUM.

Albatross station 2354, Jan. 22, 1885, lat. 20° 59' 30" N.; long. 86° 23' 45" W.,
130 fathoms, co.

OPHIOMITRA VALIDA Lyman.

Albatross station 2129, Feb. 27, 1884, lat. 19° 56' 04" N.; long. 75° 48' 55" W.,
274 fathoms, bti. m. fne. s.

Albatross station 2152, Apr. 30, 1884, 2J miles NW. of Havana Light, 387
fathoms, co.; temp. 49° F.

Albatross station 2153, Apr. 30, 1884, lat. 23° 10' 19" N.; long. 82° 23' 10" W.,
283 fathoms, co.; temp. 55.8° F.

Albatross station 2159, Apr. 30, 1884, lat. 23° 10' 39" N.; long. 82° 20' 08" W.,
98 fathoms, co.

Albatross stations 2162, 2164, 2167, Apr. 30 to May 1, 1884, lat. 23° 10' 30"-
40" N.; long. 82° 20' 25 "-30" W., 122-201 falhoms, co.

Albatross station 2169, May 1, 1884, lat. 23° 10' 28" N.; long. 82° 20' 27" W.,
78 fathoms, co.

Albatross station 2327, Jan. 17, 1885, lat. 23° 11' 45" JST.; long. 82° 17' 54" W.,
182 fathoms, fne. br. s.

Albatross station 2335, Jan. 19, 1885, lat. 23° 10' 39" N.; long. 82° 20' 21" W.,
204 fathoms.

Albatross station 2342, Jan. 19, 1885, lat. 23° 10' 39" N.; long. 82° 20' 21" W.,
201 fathoms, co.

Albatross station 2347, Jan. 20, 1885, lat. 23° 10' 39" N.; long. 82° 20' 21" W.,
216 fathoms, co.

OPHIOMITRA EXIGUA Lyman.

Albatross station 2342, Jan. 19, 1885, lat. 23° 10' 39" N.; long. 82° 20' 21" W.,
201 fathoms, co.

OPHIOMITRA CHELYS (Wyvffle Thomson).

Albatross station 2117, Jan. 27, 1884, lat. 15° 24' 40" N.; long. 63° 31' 30" W.,
683 fathoms, yl. m. fne. s.; temp. 39.75° F.

OPHIOMITRA DIPSACOS Lyman.

Albatross station 2355, Jan. 22, 1885, lat. 20° 56' 48" N.; long. 86° 27' 00" W.,
399 fathoms, yl. oz.

OPHIOCAMAX HISTRIX Lyman.

Albatross station 2130, Feb. 27, 1884, lat. 19° 56' 25" N.; long. 75° 49' 49" W.,
175 fathoms, gy. m. s. brk. sh.

Albatross station 2134, Feb. 27, 1884, lat. 19° 56' 06" N.; long. 75° 47' 32" W.,
254 fathoms.

Albatross station 2135, Feb. 27, 1884, lat. 19° 55' 58" N.; long. 75° 47' 07" W.,
250 fathoms, hrd. co.

Albatross station 2143, Mar. 23, 1884, lat. 9° 30' 45" N.; long. 76° 25' 30" W.,
155 fathoms, gn. m.

Albatross station 2152, Apr. 30, 1884, 2£ miles NW. of Havana Light, 387
fathoms, co.; temp. 49° F.

Albatross station 2157, Apr. 30, 1884, lat. 23° 10' 04" N.; long. 82° 21' 07" W.,
29 fathoms.

Albatross station 2159, Apr. 30, 1884, lat. 23° 10' 39" N.; long. 82° 20' 08" W.,
98 fathoms, co.

OPHIUBANS IDENTIFIED BY THEODORE LYMAN. 159

Albatross station 2161, Apr. 30, 1884, lat, 23° 10' 36" N.; long. 82° 20' 28" W.,
146 fathoms, co.

Albatross station 2162, Apr. 30, 1884, lat. 23° 10' 30" N.; long. 82° 20' 25" W.,
122 fathoms, co.

Albatross station 2164, May 1, 1884, lat. 23° 10' 39" N.; long. 82° 20' 29" W.,
192 fathoms, co.

Albatross station 2167, May 1, 1884, lat. 23° 10' 40" N.; long. 82° 20' 30" W.,
201 fathoms, co.

Albatross station 2169, May 1, 1884, lat. 23° 10' 28" N.; long. 82° 20' 27" W.,
78 fathoms.

Albatross station 2321, Jan. 17, 1885, lat. 23° 10' 54" N.; long. 82° 18' 00" W.,
230 fathoms, fne. gy. s.

Albatross station 2327, Jan. 17, 1885, lat. 23° 11' 45" N.; long. 82° 17' 54" W.,
182 fathoms, fne. br. s.

Albatross station 2341, Jan. 19, 1885, lat. 23° 11' 00" N.; long. 82° 19' 06" W.,
143 fathoms, co.

Albatross station 2342, Jan. 19, 1885, lat. 23° 10' 39" N.; long. 82° 20' 21" W.,
201 fathoms, co.

Albatross station 2350, Jan. 20, 1885, lat, 23° 10' 39" N.; long. 82° 20' 21" W.,
213 fathoms, co.

Family OPHIOCOMID^E.

OPHIOCOMA ECHINATA (Lamarck).

Nassau, Bahamas; J. I. and A. R. Northrop.

Tortugas, Florida; D. W. Whitehurst.

St. Thomas; A. H. Riise.

St. Thomas; Albatross.

Old Providence; Albatross.

Cozumel; Albatross.

Curacao; Albatross.

OPHIOCOMA RIISEI LUtken.

Florida Keys; Suckley, Sternbergh, and Rowell.

Key West, Florida; Albatross.

St. Thomas; Albatross.

Belize, Honduras; W. A. Stanton.

Curapao; Albatross.

Albatross station 2138, Feb. 29, 1884, lat. 17° 44' 05" N.; long. 75° 39' 00" W.,
23 fathoms, co. brk. sh.

Albatross station 2146, Apr. 2, 1884, lat. 9° 32' 00" N.; long. 79° 54' 30" W.,
34 fathoms, brk. sh.

Albatross station 2159, Apr. 30, 1884, lat. 23° 10' 39" N.: long. 82° 20' 08" W.,
98 fathoms, co.

Albatross station 2168, May 1, 1884, lat. 23° 10' 36" N.; long. 82° 20' 20" W.,
122 fathoms, co.

Albatross station 2323, Jan. 17, 1885, lat. 23° 10' 51" N.; long. 82° 19' 03" W.,
163 fathoms, wh. br. co.

160 BULLETIN 84, UNITED STATES NATIONAL MUSEUM.

OPHIOCOMA PUMH.A Liitken.

Nassau, Bahamas; J. I. and A. R. Northrop.

St. Thomas; A. H. Riise.

St. Thomas; Albatross.

Belize, Honduras; W. A. Stanton.

Curasao; Albatross.

Albatross station 2138, Feb. 29, 1884, lat. 17° 44' 05" N.; long. 75° 39' 00" W.,
23 fathoms, co. brk. sh.

Albatross station 2167, May 1, 1884, lat. 23° 10' 40" N.; long. 82° 20' 30" W.,
201 fathoms, co.

Albatross station 2168, May 1, 1884, lat. 23° 10' 36" N.; long. 82° 20' 20" W.,
122 fathoms, co.

Albatross station 2324, Jan. 17, 1885, lat. 23° 10' 25" N.; long. 82° 20' 24" W.,
33 fathoms, co.; temp. 79.1° F.

Family OPHIOTHRICID^.

OPHIOTHRIX ANGULATA (Say).

Key West, Florida; Albatross.

Jamaica; Albatross.

St. Thomas; Albatross.

St. Thomas; A. H. Riise.1

Old Providence; Albatross.

Curacao; Albatross.

Albatross station 2120, Jan. 30, 1884, lat. 11° 07' 00" N.; long. 62° 14' 30" W.,
73 fathoms, bu. m.

Albatross station 2136, Feb. 29, 1884, lat. 17° 43' 40" N.; long. 75° 38' 25" W.,
52 fathoms, co. brk. sh.

Albatross station 2138, Feb. 29, 1884, lat. 17° 44' 05" N.; long. 75° 39' 00" W.,

23 fathoms, co. brk. sh.

Albatross station 2160, Apr. 30, 1884, lat. 23° 10' 31" N.; long. 82° 20' 37" W.,
167 fathoms, co.

Albatross station 2167, May 1, 1884, lat. 23° 10' 40" N.; long. 82° 20' 30" W.,
201 fathoms, co.

Albatross station 2168, May 1, 1884, lat. 23° 10' 36" N.; long. 82° 20' 20" W.,
122 fathoms, co.

Albatross station 2315, Jan. 15, 1885, lat. 24° 26' 00" N.; long. 81° 48' 15" W.,
37 fathoms, co.

Albatross station 2317, Jan. 15, 1885, lat. 24° 25' 45" N.; long. 81° 46' 45" W.,
45 fathoms, co.; temp. 75° F.

Albatross station 2362, Jan. 30, 1885, lat. 22° 08' 30" N.; long. 86° 53' 30" W.,
25 fathoms, co. s.

Albatross station 2363, Jan. 30, 1885, lat. 22° 07' 30" N.; long. 87° 06' 00" W.,
21 fathoms, wh. r. co.

Albatross station 2365, Jan. 30, 1885, lat. 22° 18' 00" N.; long. 87° 04' 00" W.,

24 fathoms, wh. r. co.

1 Lyman had labeled 7 specimens, Ophiottiriz violacea.

OPHTURANS IDENTIFIED BY THEODOEE LYMAN. 161

Albatross station 2366, Jan. 30, 1885, lat. 22° 28' 00" N.; long. 87° 02' 00" W.,
27 fathoms, fne. wh. co.

Albatross station 2370, Feb. 7, 1885, lat. 29° 18' 15" N.; long. 85° 32' 00" W.,

25 fathoms, crs. gy. s. brk. sh.

Albatross station 2371, Feb. 7, 1885, lat. 29° 17' 00" N.; long. 85° 30' 45" W.,

26 fathoms, crs. gy. s. brk. sh.

Albatross station 2372, Feb. 7, 1885, lat. 29° 15' 30" N.; long. 85° 29' 30" W.,

27 fathoms, g.

Albatross station 2373, Feb. 7, 1885, lat. 29° 14' 00" N.; long. 85° 29' 15" W.,

25 fathoms, co.

Albatross station 2387, Mar. 4, 1885, lat. 29° 24' 00" N.; long. 88° 04' 00" W.,
32 fathoms, s. g. brk. sh.

Albatross station 2405, Mar. 15, 1885, lat. 28° 45' 00" N.; long. 85° 02' 00" W.,
30 fathoms, gy. s. brk. co.

Albatross station 2406, Mar. 15, 1885, lat. 28° 46' 00" N.; long. 84° 49' 00" W.,

26 fathoms, crs. s. co.

Albatross station 2408, Mar. 16, 1885, lat. 28° 28' 00" N.; long. 84° 25' 00" W.,
21 fathoms, co.

Albatross station 2411, Mar. 18, 1885, lat. 26° 33' 30" N.; long. 83° 15' 30" W.,

27 fathoms, fne. wh. s. bk. sp.

Albatross station 2412, Mar. 19, 1885, lat. 26° 18' 30" N.; long. 83° 08' 45" W.,
27 fathoms, fne. gy. s. bk. sp. brk. sh.

Albatross station 2413, Mar. 19, 1885, lat. 26° 00' 00" N.; long. 82° 57' 30" W.,
24 fathoms, fne. s. bk. sp. brk. sh.

Albatross station 2418, Apr. 2, 1885, lat. 33° 20' 00" N.; long. 77° 05' 00" W.,
90 fathoms, gy. s.; temp. 65.8° F.

OPHIOTHRIX CERSTEDII Mtken.

San Antonio, Cuba; Albatross.
St. Thomas; A. H. Riise.

OPHIOTHRIX LINEATA Lyman.

Albatross station 24 11, Mar. 18, 1885, lat. 26° 33' 30" N.; long. 83° 15' 30" W.,
27 fathoms, fne. wh. s. bk. sp.

OPHIOTHRIX STJENSONII Liitken.

St. Thomas, A. H. Riise.

Carthagena, Colombia; A. Schott.

Albatross station 2138, Feb. 20, 1884, lat. 17° 44' 05" N.; long. 75° 39' 00" W.,
23 fathoms, co. brk. sh.

Albatross station 2146, Apr. 2, 1884, lat. 9° 32' 00" N.; long. 79° 54' 30" W.,
34 fathoms, brk. sh.

Albatross station 2322, Jan. 17, 1885, lat. 23° 10' 54" N.; long. 82° 17' 45" W.,
115 fathoms, co.

Albatross station 2354, Jan. 22, 1885, lat. 20° 59' 30" N.; long. 86° 23' 45" W.,
130 fathoms, co.

Albatross station 2414, Mar. 19, 1885, lat. 25° 04'30"N.; long. 82° 59' 15" W..
26 fathoms, fne. wh. s. brk. sh.

162 BULLETIN 84, UNITED STATES NATIONAL MUSEUM.

Family OPHIOSCOLECID^.

OPHIOSCIASMA GRANULATUM Lyman.

Albatross station 2136, Feb. 29, 1884, lat. 17° 43' 40" N.; long. 75° 38' 25" W.,
52 fathoms, co. brk. sh.

Albatross station 2161, Apr. 30, 1884, lat. 23° 10' 36" N.; long. 82° 20' 28" W.,
146 fathoms, co.

OPHIOGERON SUPINUS Lyman.

Albatross station 2343, Jan. 19, 1885, lat. 23° 11' 35" N.; long. 82° 19' 25" W.,
279 fathoms, fne. co.

Family OPHIOCHONDRID^E.

OPHIOCHONDRUS CONVOLUTUS Lyman.

Albatross station 2152, Apr. 30, 1884, 2£ miles NW. of Havana Light, 387
fathoms, co.; temp. 49° F.

OPHIOCHONDRUS CRASSISPINUS Lyman.

-Albatross station 2152, Apr. 30, 1884, 2£ miles NW. of Havana Light, 387
fathoms, co.; temp. 49° F.

Family OPHIOMYXID^E.

OPHIOMYXA FLACCIDA (Say).

Key West, Florida; Albatross.

Tortugas, Florida; D. W. Whitehurst.

St. Thomas; A. H. Riise.

St. Thomas; Albatross.

Curacao; Albatross.

Albatross station 2138, Feb. 29, 1884, lat. 17° 44' 05" N.; long. 75° 39' 00" W.,
23 fathoms, co. brk. sh.

Albatross station 2146, Apr. 2, 1884, lat. 9° 32' 00" N.: long. 79° 54' 30" W.,
34 fathoms, brk. sh.

Albatross station 2147, Apr. 2, 1884, lat. 9° 32' 20" N.; long. 79° 54' 45" W.,
34 fathoms, co.; temp. 78.5° F.

Albatross station 2167, May 1, 1884, lat. 23° 10' 40" N.; long. 82° 20' 30" W.,
201 fathoms, co.

Albatross station 2333, Jan. 19, 1885, lat. 23° 10' 36" N.: long. 82° 19' 12" W.,
169 fathoms, fne. wh. co.

OPHIOMYXA TUMIDA Lyman.

Albatross station 2162, Apr. 30, 1884, lat. 23° 10' 30" N.; long. 82° 20' 25" W.,
122 fathoms, co.

Albatross station 2316, Jan. 15, 1885, lat. 24° 25' 30" N.; long. 81° 47' 45" W.,
50 fathoms; temp. 74° F.

Albatross station 2317, Jan. 15, 1885, lat. 24° 25' 45" N.; long. 81° 46' 45" W.,
45 fathoms, co.; temp. 75° F.

Albatross station 2318, Jan. 15, 1885, lat. 24° 25' 45" N.; long. 81° 46' 00" W.,
45 fathoms, co.; temp. 75° F.

Albatross station 2321, Jan. 17, 1885, lat. 23° 10' 54" N.: long. 82° 18' 00" W.,
230 fathoms, fne. gy, s.

OPHIUBANS IDENTIFIED BY THEODORE LYMAX. 163

Albatross station 2322, Jan. 17, 1885, lat. 23° 10' 54" N.; long. 82° 17' 45" W.,
115 fathoms, co.

Albatross station 2327, Jan. 17, 1885, lat. 23° 11' 45" N.; long. 82 ° 17' 54" W.,
182 fathoms, fne. br. s.

Albatross station 2330, Jan. 17, 1885, lat. 23° 10' 48" N.; long. 82° 19' 15" W.,

121 fathoms, fne. gy. co.

Albatross station 2337, Jan. 19, 1885, lat. 23° 10' 39" N.; long. 82° 20' 21" W.,

199 fathoms, co.

Albatross station 2342, Jan. 19, 1885, lat. 23° 10' 39" N.; long. 82° 20' 21" W.,
201 fathoms, co.

Albatross station 2345, Jan. 20, 1885, lat. 23° 10' 40" N.; long. 82° 20' 15" W.,
184 fathoms, fne. gy. wh. co.

Albatross station 2346, Jan. 20, 1885, lat. 23° 10' 39" N.; long. 82° 20' 21" W.,

200 fathoms, co.

Albatross station 2347, Jan. 20, 1885, lat. 23° 10' 39" N.; long. 82° 20' 21" W.,
216 fathoms, co.

Albatross station 2348, Jan. 20, 1885, lat. 23° 10' 39" N.; long. 82° 20' 21" W.,
211 fathoms, co.

Albatross station 2358, Jan. 29, 1885, lat. 20° 19' 00" N.; long. 87° 03' 30" W.,
222 fathoms, fne. wh. co.

Albatross station 2415, Apr. 1, 1885, lat. 30° 44' 00" N.; long. 79° 26' 00" W.,
440 fathoms, co. crs. s. sh. for.

OPHIOBYRSA SERPENS Lyman.

Albatross station 2162, Apr. 30, 1884, lat. 23° 10' 30" N.; long. 82° 20' 25" W.,

122 fathoms, co.

Albatross station 2166, May 1, 1884, lat. 23° 10' 36" N.; long. 82° 20' 30" W.,
196 fathoms, co.; temp. 71.9° F.

Albatross station 2331, Jan. 17, 1885, lat. 23° 10' 31" N.; long. 82° 19' 55" W.,
114 fathoms, co.

Albatross station 2333, Jan. 19, 1885, lat. 23° 10' 36" N.; long. 82° 19' 12" W.,
169 fathoms, fne. wh. co.

Family OPHIOBRACHIONTIDyE.

OPH1OBRACHION TJNCINATUS Lyman.

Albatross station 2319, Jan. 17, 1885, lat. 23° 10' 37" N.; long. 82° 20' 06" W.,
143 fathoms, gy. co.

Albatross station 2346, Jan. 20, 1885, lat. 23° 10' 39" N.; long. 82° 20' 21" W.,
200 fathoms, co.

Family HEMIEURYALID^.

S1GSBEIA MURRHINA Lyman.

Albatross station 2120, Jan. 30, 1884, lat, 11° 07' 00" N.; long. 62° 14' 30" W.,
73 fathoms, bu. m.

Albatross station 2136, Feb. 29, 1884, lat. 17° 43' 40" N.; long. 75° 38' 25" W.,
52 fathoms, co. brk. sh.

6061°— Bull. 84—14 12

164 BULLETIN 84, UNITED STATES NATIONAL MUSEUM.

Albatross station 2138, Feb. 29, 1884, lat. 17° 44' 05" N.; long. 75° 39' 00" W.,
23 fathoms, co. brk. sh.

Albatross station 2157, Apr. 30, 1884, lat. 23° 10' 04" N.; long. 82° 21' 07" W.,
29 fathoms.

Albatross station 2159, Apr. 30, 1884, lat. 23° 10' 39" N.; long. 82° 20' 08" W.,
98 fathoms, co.

Albatross station 2161, Apr. 30, 1884, lat. 23° 10' 36" N. ; long. 82° 20' 28" W.,
146 fathoms, co.

Albatross station 2164, May 1, 1884, lat. 23° 10' 39" N.; long. 82° 20' 29" W.,
192 fathoms, co.

Albatross station 2167, May 1, 1884, lat. 23° 10' 40" N.; long. 82° 20' 30" W.,
201 fathoms, co.

Albatross station 2168, May 1, 1884, lat. 23° 10' 36" N.; long. 82° 20' 20" W.,
122 fathoms, co.

Albatross station 2322, Jan. 17, 1885, lat. 23° 10' 54" N.; long. 82° 17' 45" W.,
115 fathoms, co.

Albatross station 2324, Jan. 17, 1885, lat. 23° 10' 25" N.; long. 82° 20' 24" W.,
33 fathoms, co.; temp. 79.1° F.

Albatross station 2330, Jan. 17, 1885, lat. 23° 10' 48" N.; long. 82° 19' 15" W.,
121 fathoms, fne. gy. co.

Albatross station 2333, Jan. 19, 1885, lat. 23° 10' 36" N.; long. 82° 19' 12" W.,
169 fathoms, fne. wh. co.

Albatross station 2334, Jan. 19, 1885, lat. 23° 10' 42" N.; long. 82° 18' 24" W.,
67 fathoms, wh. co.

Albatross station 2336, Jan. 19, 1885, lat. 23° 10' 48" N.; long. 82° 18' 52" W.,
157 fathoms, co.

Albatross station 2337, Jan. 19, 1885, lat. 23° 10' 39" N.; long. 82° 20' 21" W.,

199 fathoms, co.

Albatross station 2338, Jan. 19, 1885, lat. 23° 10' 40" N.; long. 82° 20' 15" W.,
189 fathoms, co.

Albatross station 2342, Jan. 19, 1885, lat. 23° 10' 39" N.; long. 82° 20' 21" W.,
201 fathoms, co.

Albatross station 2345, Jan. 20, 1885, lat. 23° 10' 40" N.; long. 82° 20' 15" W.,
184 fathoms, fne. gy. wh. co.

Albatross station 2346, Jan. 20, 1885, lat. 23° 10' 39" N.; long. 82° 20' 21" W.,

200 fathoms, co.

Albatross station 2347, Jan. 20, 1885, lat. 23° 10' 39" N.; long. 82° 20' 21" W.,
2 16' fathoms, co.

Albatross station 2348, Jan. 20, 1885, lat. 23° 10' 39" N.; long. 82° 20' 21" W.,
211 fathoms, co.

Albatross station 2349, Jan. 20, 1885, lat. 23° 10' 40" N.; long. 82° 20' 15" W.,
182 fathoms, co.

Albatross station 2354, Jan. 22, 1885, lat. 20° 59' 30" N.; long. 86° 23' 45" W.,
130 fathoms, co.

OPHIUBANS IDENTIFIED BY THEODOBE LYMAST. 165

EURYALvE.
Family ASTROCHEMHXE.

ASTROCHEMA OLIGACTES (Pallas).

Albatross station 2129, Feb. 27, 1884, lat. 19° 56' 04" N.; long. 75° 48' 55" W.,
274 fathoms, bu. m. fne. s.

Albatross station 2133, 2134, Feb. 27, 1884, lat. 19° 55' 55" to 56' 06" N.; long.
75° 48' 03" to 47' 32" W., 254-290 fathoms, wh. s. brk. sh.

Albatross station 2135, Feb. 27, 1884, lat. 19° 55' 58" N.; long. 75° 47' 07" W.,
250 fathoms, hrd. co.

Albatross station 2159, Apr. 30, 1884, lat. 23° 10' 39" N.; long. 82° 20' 08" W.,
98 fathoms, co.

Albatross station 2323, Jan. 17, 1885, lat. 23° 10' 51" N.; long. 82° 19' 03" W.,
163 fathoms, wh. br. co.

Albatross station 2347, Jan. 20, 1885, lat. 23° 10' 39" N.; long. 82° 20' 21" W.,
216 fathoms, co.

Albatross station 2348, Jan. 20, 1885, lat. 23° 10' 39" N.; long. 82° 20' 21" W.,
211 fathoms, co.

ASTROCHEMA L.EVE (Lyman).

Albatross station 2131, Feb. 27, 1884, lat. 19° 56' 44" N.; long. 75° 50' 49" W.,
202 fathoms, hrd. crs. s.

Albatross station 2330, Jan. 17, 1885, lat. 23° 10' 48" N.; long. 82° 19' 15" W.,
121 fathoms, fne. gy. co.

Albatross station 2349, Jan. 20, 1885, lat. 23° 10' 40" N.; long. 82° 20' 15" W.,
182 fathoms, co.

ASTROCHEMA TENTJE Lyman.

Off Havana, Cuba, Albatross.

Albatross station 2322, Jan. 17, 1885, lat. 23° 10' 54" N.; long. 82° 17' 45" W.,
115 fathoms, co.

Albatross station 2330, Jan. 17, 1885, lat. 23° 10' 48" N.; long. 82° 19' 15" W.,
121 fathoms, fne. gy. co.

Albatross station 2332, Jan. 19, 1885, lat. 23° 10' 38" N.; long. 82" 20' 06" W.,
156 fathoms, wh. gy. co.

Albatross station 2335, Jan. 19, 1885, lat. 23° 10' 39" N.; long. 82° 20' 21" W.,
204 fathoms.

ASTROCHEMA BRACHIATUM Lyman.

Albatross station 2127, Feb. 25, 1884, lat. 19° 45' 00" N.; long. 75° 04' 00" W.,
1,639 fathoms, gn. m.

ASTROCHEMA INTECTUM Lyman.

Albatross station 2161, Apr. 30, 1884, lat. 23° 10' 36" N.; long. 82° 20' 28" W.,
146 fathoms, co.

Albatross station 2349, Jan. 20, 1885, lat. 23° 10' 40" N.; long. 82° 20' 15" W.,
182 fathoms, co.

INDEX.

Page.

abdita, Amphioplus 2, 71

AmpMura 59, 71

abyssoram, Ophioglypha 18

acanthinus, Ophiophryxus 127

Acanthogorgia fusca 122

acervata, Opliioglypha 152

acrystata, Amphiura 50

acuferum, Ophiomueium 153

aculeata, Ophiacantha 2, 74, 85, 86, 94, 144

Ophiopholis 2, 38

adspersus, Ophiernue 151

sequalis, Ophioglypha 162

affinis, Ophiacantha (Ophiotreta) 2, 99, 145

agassizii, Ophiolipus 151

alatum, Ophiomidas 33

alberti, Ophiotrema 113, 114, 145

alexandri, Ophiocoma 3, 116

americana, Ophiomitrella. , 2, 73, 103, 145

Amphilepis norvegica 2, 42

Amphilimna olivacea 2, 43, 166

Amphiodia 68

atra 69

cordifera 68

^Amphiodia) cordifera, Amphiura 39, 40

Amphiodia erecta 2, 67, 144

lutkeni 2, 68, 69, 144

pulchella 2, 70

riiaei 68, 69, 144

Amphioplus abdita 2, 71

cuneata 2, 71

Amphipholis 40

cordifera 40

gracillima 2, 66

kinbergi 52

lutkeni 69, 70

gquamata 2, 52, 66, 166

tenuispina 2, 66

Amphipsila maculata 45

Amphiura 47, 56, 61, 66

abdita 59, 71

acrystata 50

(Amphiodia) cordifera 39, 40

bihamula 58, 59

complanata 2, 50, 59, 143

cordifera 39, 40

Page.

Amphiura cuneata 71

diducta 2, 65, 144

duplicata 156

elongata 39

erecta 67,69

fibulata 2,66,64, 65,144

flexuosa 2, 45, 49, 51, 52, 55, 58, 143

gracillima 66

grandisquama 2, 63, 156

incisa 156

kinbergi 47,48,52,53

kinbergiensis 2, 49, 52, 56, 143

kukenthali 2,69,64

latispina. ... 2, 47, 48, 51, 52, 54, 55, 143

limbata 166

lutkeni 69

macilenta 71

magellanica 2, 65

otteri 2, 61, 144, 156

palmeri 2, 45, 48, 52, 54, 65, 58, 14&

pulchella 70

rathbuni 2,50, 146

repens 166

riisei 39, 40, 156

semiermia 47, 49, 156

squamata 66

stimpsoni 2, 59, 64, 144

tenera 156

tenuiepina 66

wundermani 42

Amphiuridffi 2,38,60,154

angulata, Ophiarachnella 1, 9, 148

Ophiothrix 3, 118, 160

Pectinura 9

anomala, Ophiacantha 2, 73, 77, 145

antillarum, Ophioderma 6

appressa, Ophioderma 1, 3, 147

arcticus, Ophiopus 32, 141

arenosum, Astrochema 138

aristata, Ophiacantlia 108

armatus, Ophiochondrus 3, 129, 145

Ophioplus 129

armigerum, Ophiomusium 2, 31, 143

aspera, Ophiacautha 2, 80, 157

asperula, Ophiactis 2, 40

167

168

INDEX.

Page.

Asterias cordifera 39

Astrochema arcnosum 138

brachiatum 165

clavigerum 139

elongatum 3, 137, 145, 146

inornatum 139

intectum 139,165

Iseve 165

nuttingii 139

oligactes 165

tenue 165

Astrochemidse 3, 137, 165

atlantica, Ophioleptoplax 3, 124, 145

atra, Amphiodia 69

austera, Ophiocamax 3, 114

bartletti, Ophiopora 3, 111

Bathypectinura lacertosa 149

tessellata 1,9

bidentata, Ophiacantha 2, 73, 75, 80, 85, 94, 144

bihamula, Amphiura 58, 59

brachiatum, Astrochema 165

brevicauda, Ophioderma 1, 4, 147

brevispina, Ophioderma 1, 4, 147

cervicornis, Ophiacantha 98

chelys, Ophiomitra. .•. 158

cinerea, Ophioderma 1, 6, 147

clavigerum, Astrochema 139

clypeata, Ophioderma 1, 7, 146

Ophiozona 149

complanata, Amphiura 2, 50, 59, 143

composita, Ophiacantha 94

compta, Ophiozona nivea var 2, 11

conifera, Sigsbeia 3, 138,136,145

convexa, Ophioglypha 2, 12, 13, 15, 16, 143

convoluta, Ophiothrix 3, 122, 145

convolutus, Ophiochondrus 129, 162

cordifera, Amphiodia 68

Amphipholis 40

Amphiura 39, 40

Amphiura (Amphiodia) 39, 40

Asterias 39

Hemipholis 39,154

coronata, Ophioglypha 2, 12, 143

crassispina, Ophiocoma 117

crassispinus, Ophiochondrus 129, 162

cuneata, Amphioplus 2, 71

Amphiura 71

cuspidata, Ophiacantha 72

danielsseni, Platycaulis 103, 127

diducta, Amphiura 2, 66, 144

dipsacos, Ophiomitra 168

dispar, Ophiactis 2, 40

divisa, Ophioglypha 18

dubia, Ophiozona 33, 151

Page.

duplicata, Amphiura 156

Ophiactis 2, 40

eburneum, Ophiomusiuru 2, 24, 152

var. elegans, Ophiomusium 24,26

echinata, Ophiocoma 3, 117, 159

cchinulata, Ophiacantha 2, 81

echinulatus, Ophioscalus 81

elaps, Ophioderma 7,8, 143, 146

elegans, Ophiolepis 2,9, 149

Ophiomusium eburneum var 24,26

elevata, Ophioglypha 2,16,143

elongata, Amphiura 39

Hemipholis 2, 39, 164

Ophiolepis 39

Ophiura 39

elongatum, Astrochema 3, 137, 145, 146

enopla, Ophiacantha 2, 83

ensifera, Ophiopristis 99, 100, 101

erecta, Amphiodia 2, 67, 144

Amphiura 67, 69

EuryalsB 165

exigiia, Ophiomitra 158

falcifera, Ophioglypha 2, 17, 152

fasciculata, Ophiocamax 3, 1 14

Ophioglypha 2, 17

fasciculatus, Ophiernus 151

fibulata, Amphiura. 2, 66, 64, 65, 144

filograna, Stylaster 133

filogranea, Ophiocnida • 2, 42, 43

flabellum, Ophiomisidium 32, 33, 34

Ophiomusium 32

flaccida, Ophiomyxa 3, 132, 162

flexuosa, Amphiura 2, 45, 49, 51, 52, 55, 58, 143

fragilis, Ophiothrix 123

fraterna, Ophiacantha 2, 77, 83, 91, 144

fusca, Acanthogorgia 122

glacialis, Ophioscolex 3, 124

globulifera, Ophiomitrella 104

goesiana, Ophiopsepale 148

goesii, Ophiothyreus 151

gracilis, Ophiochondrus 129

Ophiotrema 3, 112, 145

gracillima, Amphipholis 2. 66

Amphiura 66

grandis, Ophiochiton 3, 116

Ophioglypha 18, 19, 20

grandisquama, Amphiura 2, 63, 166

granulatum, Ophiosciasma 162

granulatus, Ophiochondrus 3, 127,

129, 130, 131, 145

granulifera, Ophiacantha 2, 86, 144

granulosum, Ophiomusium 28

hastatum, Ophiocten 2, 23, 37, 124

Hemieuryalidse 3, 133, 163

INDEX.

169

Page.

Hemilepis 49, 52

Hemipholis cordifera 39, 154

elongate 2,39,154

hexactis, Ophiologimus 115, 116

Ophiura 117

hirsuta, Ophiacantha 157

Ophiacantha (Ophiopristis) 157

honorata, Pectinura 9

hystricis, Ophiobyrsella 127

hystrix, Ophiocamax 158

improssa, Ophiozona 2. 11, 150

incisa, Amphiura 156

inornata, Ophioglypha 2, 18

inornatum, Astrochema 139

intectum, Astrochema 139, 165

involuta, Ophioglypha 18, 19

irrorata, Ophioglypha 2,18,143

isacanthum, Ophiostigma 2, 38, 59, 164

januarii, Ophioderma 6

kinbergi, Amphipholis 52

Amphiura 47, 48, 52, 53

kinbergiensis, Amphiura 2, 49, 52, 56, 143

krebsii, Ophiactis 155

kukenthali, Amphiura 2, 59, 64

lacertosa, Bathypectinura 149

laeve, Astrochema 165

Isevipellis, Ophiacantha 106

Ophiomitrella 2, 106, 145

latispina, Amphiura 2, 47, 48, 51, 52, 54, 55, 143

lepida, Ophioglypha 2,20, 143

var. spinulosa, Ophioglypha 20

levis, Ophiomitrella 2, 106, 144

limbata, Amphiura 156

lineata, Ophiacantha 2, 87

Ophiothrix 3,120, 161

Sigsbeia 135

lineolata, Ophiacantha 102

littoralis, Ophiolimna 3, 96, 111

ljungmani, Ophioglypha 2, 20, 21

Ophioplax 155

longispinus, Ophiopyren 148

loveni, Ophiocnida 2, 42, 143

Ophiophragmus 42

lutkeni, Amphiodia 2,68,69, 144

Amphipholis 69, 70

Amphiura 69

Ophiocnida 42

lymani, Ophioglypha 2, 22

Ophiomusium 2, 19, 26

macilenta, Amphiura 71

maculata, Amphipsila 45

Ophiopsila 2, 45

magellanica, Amphiura 2, 65

marmorea, Ophiozona 149

Page.

megapora, Ophioleptoplax 125

moridionalis, Ophiacantha 2, 77, 88, 90, 91, 144

minima, Ophioleda 3, 111

mirabilis, Ophiomyces 2, 72, 143

mixta, Ophiochceta 157

Ophiolimna 96, 157

mulleri, Ophiactis 2, 41, 164

mundata, Ophioglypha 18

murrhina, Sigsbeia 133, 135, 163

nivea, Ophiozona 150

var. compta, Ophiozona 2, 11

nodosa, Ophiacantha 77, 79, 80

norvegica, Amphilepis 2, 42

nuttingii, Astrochema 139

occlusa, Ophioplinthaca Ill

cerstedii, Ophiothrix 3, 121, 161

oligactes, Astrochema 165

olivacea, Amphilimna 2, 43, 155

Ophiocnida 43, 155

olivaceum, Ophiura 4

Ophiacantha 73, 78, 81, 108

aculeata 2, 74, 85, 86, 94, 144

anomala 2, 73, 77, 145

aristata 108

aspera 2, 80, 157

bidentata 2, 73, 75, 80, 85, 94, 144

cervicornis 98

composita 94

cuspidata 72

echinulata 2, 81

enopla 2, 88

fraterna 2,77,83,91,144

granulifera 2,86,144

hirsuta 157

Isevipellis 106

lineata 2,87

lineolata 102

meridionalis 2, 77, 88, 90, 91, 144

nodosa 77, 79, 80

(Ophiopristis) hirsuta 157

permixta... 2,96,144

(Ophiotreta) affinis 2, 99, 145

sertata 2, 102,157

valenciennesi 2, 99,

101, 102

pectinula 81,82

pentacrinus . 2, 86, 88, 91, 92, 93, 94, 144

placentigera 100

scolopendrica 73

segesta 72

sertata 102,157

species 91, 144

spectabilis 78

stellata... 156

170

INDEX.

Page.

Ophiacantha troscheli 73, 156

tuberculosa 73

varispina 72

vepratica 2, 94, 145

vivipara 2, 96

Ophkcaathelk 73

Ophiacanthidse 2. 72, 156

Ophiactis asperula 2, 40

dispar 2,40

duplicata 2. 40

krebsii 1 156

mulleri 2, 41, 154

pkna 155

eavignyi 2, 41, 164

Ophiarachnelk angulata 1,9, 148

petersi 149

Ophiectodia 73, 81, 82

pectinuk 83

Ophientodia 73,75,79,81

Ophientrema 73

Ophiernus adspersus 151

fasciculatus 151

Ophiobrachion uncinatus 163

Ophiobrachiontidse 163

Ophiobyrsa 127

eerpens 163

Ophiobyrsella 127

hystricis 127

quadrispinosa 3, 125, 145

serpens 127

Ophiocamax austera 3, 114

fascicukta 3, 114

hystrix 168

Ophiocbiton grandis 3, 116

Ophiochceta mixta 157

Ophiochondrelk 129

squamosa 129

Ophiochondridse 3, 127, 162

Ophiochondrus 129

armatus 3,129,145

convolutus 129, 162

crassispinus 129,162

gracilis 129

granuktus.. 3, 127,129, 130, 131, 145

squamosus 129

stelliger 129

Ophiocnida filogranea 2, 42, 43

loveni 2,42, 143

lutkeni 42

olivacea 43, 155

scabriuscula 2, 43

Ophiocoma alexandri 3, 116

crassispina 117

echinata 3, 117, 159

Ophiocoma pumila 3, 117, 160

riisei 3, 118, 159

scolopendrina 117

Ophiocomidse 3, 116, 159

Ophiocten hastatum 2, 37, 124

Ophiodera stimpsonii 3, 132

Ophiodermaantillarum 6

appressa 1,8, 147

brevicauda 1, 4, 147

brevispina 1, 4, 147

cinerea 1, 6, 9, 147

clypeata 1, 7, 146

elaps 7,8,143,146

januarii 6

rubicunda 1, 7, 148

species 1, 8, 143

variegata 1,7

virescens 3

Ophiodermatidae 1, 3, 147

Ophiogeron supinus 162

Ophioglyphaabyssorum 18

acervata 152

sequalis 152

convexa 2, 12,13, 15, 16, 143

coronata 2, 12,143

divisa 18

elevata 2, 16, 143

falcifera 2, 17, 152

fasciculata 2, 17

grandis 18, 19, 20

inornate 2, 18

involuta 18, 19

irrorata 2, 18, 143

lepida 2,20,143

var. spinulosa 20

ljungmani 2, 20, 21

lymani 2, 19, 22

mundata 18

orbiculata 18, 19

robusta 2, 23

sarsii 2.23,124,143

sculptilis 2, 24, 152

solida 16

tenera 152

thouleti 21, 22

tumulosa 18, 19

variabilis 24, 152

Ophioleda 73

minima 3, 111

Ophiolepidae 2, 9, 149

Ophiolepis elegans 2, 9, 149

elongata 39

paucispina 2, 11, 149

uncinata 39

INDEX.

171

Page.

Ophioleptoplax 125

atlantica 3, 124, 145

megapora 125

Ophiolimna 73

littoralis 3. 96, 111

mixta 96, 157

Ophiolipus agassizii 151

Ophiologimus 116

hexactis J.15, 116

secundus 3, 115, 145

Ophiomastus secundus 2. 11, 151

Ophiomedea 73, 114

Ophiomidas 33

alatum 33

reductum 33

Ophiomisidium 2, 32

flabellum 32,33,34

pulchellum. 2, 32, 33, 34, 35, 36, 37
speciosum.... 2,32,33,34,37,143

Ophiomitra 73,111

chelys 158

dipsacos 168

exigua 158

ornate 110

robusta 2,108,144

sertata 102

spinea 110

valida 3, 110, 137, 158

Ophiomitrella 73, 79, 108

americana 2, 73, 103, 145

globulifera 104

Isevipellis 2, 106, 145

levis 2, 105, 144

porrecta 2, 107, 145

Ophiomusium 32

acuferum 153

armigerum 2, 31, 143

eburneum 2, 24, 152

var. elegans 24, 26

flabellum 32

granulosum 28

lymani 2,26

planum 2, 26, 163

pulchellum 32

• relictum 28

rugosum 2,26,143

Bculptum 2, 28, 143

serratum 2, 29, 153

testudo 2,29,143,154

validum 2, 31, 153

Ophiomyces mirabilis 2, 72, 143

Ophiomycetidas 2, 72

Ophiomyxa flaccida 3, 132, 162

tumida 162

Ophiomyxidse 3, 132, 162

Ophionephthys 50

Ophionereis porrecta 44

reticulata 2,44,59,155

squamata 44

squamulosa 2, 44

Ophionotus victoria 19

Ophiopaepale goesiana 148

Ophiopholis aculeata 2, 38

Ophiophragmus 69

loveni 42

wundennani 2, 42, 144

Ophiophryxus acanthinus 127

Ophioplax ljungmani 155

Ophioplinthaca 73

occlusa Ill

Ophioplus 129, 130

armatus 129

Ophiopora 73

bartletti *.... 3,111

Ophiopristis 73, 98

ensifera 99, 100, 101

(Ophiopristis) hirsuta, Ophiacantha 167

pennixta, Ophiacantha.. 2,96,144

Ophiopsila maculata 2, 45

riisei 2, 45, 155

Ophiopus arcticus 32, 141

Ophiopyren longispinus 148

Ophioscalus 73,82

echinulatus 81

Ophiosciasma granulatum 162

Ophioecolecidse 3, 124, 162

Ophioscolex glacialis 3, 124

quadrispinus 124

Ophiostigma isacanthum 2, 38, 59, 154

Ophiothricidse 3, 118, 160

Ophiothrix angulate 3, 118, 160

convolute 3, 122, 145

fragilis 123

lineata 3,120,161

cerstedii 3, 121, 161

pallida 120

suensonii 3, 121, 161

violacea 118, 160

Ophiothyreus goesii 151

Ophiotrema 73, 114

alberti 113, 114, 145

gracilis 3, 112, 145

Ophiotreta 73, 100, 101, 102

(Ophiotreta) affinis, Ophiacantha 2, 99, 145

Ophiotreta eertata 102

(Ophiotreta) sertata, Ophiacantha 2, 102, 167

valenciennesi, Ophiacantha. . . 2,
99, 101, 102

172

INDEi.

Page.

Ophiozona 33

clypeata 149

dubia 33,151

impresea 2,11,150

mannorea 149

nivea 150

var. compta 2,11

tesaellata 150

Ophiura 147

elongata 39

hexactis 117

olivaceum 4

Berpens 4

Ophiuree 147

orbiculata, Ophioglypha 18, 19

ornata, Ophiomitra 110

otteri, Amphiura 2,61,144,156

pallida, Ophiothrix 120

palmeri, Amphiura 2, 45, 48, 52, 54, 55, 58, 146

paucispina, Ophiolepis 2, 11,149

pectinula, Ophiacantha 81, 82

Ophiectodia 83

Pectinura angulata 9

honorata 9

pentacrinus, Ophiacantha 2,

86, 88, 91, 92, 93, 94, 144
permixta, Ophiacantha (Ophiopristis) . . 2, 96, 144

petersi, Ophiarachnella 149

placentigera, Ophiacantha 100

plana, Ophiactis 155

planum, Ophiomusium 2, 26, 163

Platycaulis danielsseni 103, 127

porrecta, Ophiomitrella 2, 107, 145

Ophionereis 44

pulchella, Amphiodia 2, 70

Amphiura 70

pulchellum, Ophiomisidium 2,

32, 33, 34, 35, 36, 37

Ophiomusium 32

pumila, Ophiocoma 3, 117,160

quadriapinosa, Ophiobyreella 3, 125, 145

quadrispinus, Ophioscolex 124

rathbuni, Amphiura 2, 60, 146

reductum, Ophiomidas 33

relictum, Ophiomuaium 28

repens, Amphiura 156

reticulata, Ophionereis 2, 44, 59, 155

riisei, Amphiodia 68,69, 144

Amphiura 39,40, 156

Ophiocoma 3, 118, 169

Ophiopsila 2,45,155

robusta, Ophioglypha 2, 23

Ophiomitra 2, 108,144

rubicunda, Ophioderma 1, 7, 148

rugosum , Ophiomusium 2, 26, 143

sarsii, Ophioglypha 2, 23,124, 143

savignyi, Ophiactis 2, 41,154

scabriuscula, Ophiocnida 2, 43

scolopendrica, Ophiacantha 73

scolopendrina, Ophiocoma 117

sculptilis, Ophioglypha 2, 24, 152

sculptum, Ophiomusium 2,28, 143

secundus, Ophiologimus 3, 116,145

Ophiomastus 2, 11,151

segesta, Ophiacantha 72

semiermis, Amphiura 47, 49, 156

serpens, Ophiobyrsa 163

Ophiobyrsella 127

Ophiura 4

serratum, Ophiomusium 2, 29, 163

sertata, Ophiacantha 102, 157

Ophiacantha (Ophiotreta) 2, 102,157

Ophiomitra 102

Ophiotreta 102

sexradiata, Sigsbeia 3, 135,145

Sigsbeia 136

conifera 3, 133,136, 145

lineata 135

murrhina 133,135,163

sexradiata 3, 135,145

solida, Ophioglypha 16

speciosum, Ophiomisidium... 2,32,33,34,37,143

spectabilis, Ophiacantha 78

spinea, Ophiomitra 110

spinulosa, Ophioglypha lepida var 20

squamata, Amphipholis 2, 52, 66, 156

Amphiura 66

Ophionereis 44

squamosa, Ophiochondrella 129

squamosus, Ophiochondrus 129

squamulosa, Ophionereis 2, 44

stellata, Ophiacantha 166

stelliger, Ophiochondrus 129

stimpsoni, Amphiura 2, 59, 64,144

stimpsonii, Ophiodera 3, 132

Stylaster filograna 133

suensonii, Ophiothrix 3, 121, 161

supinus, Ophiogeron 162

tenera, Amphiura 156

Ophioglypha 162

tenue, Astrochema 166

tenuispina, Amphipholis 2, 66

Amphiura 66

tessellata, Bathypectinura ' 1, 9

Ophiozona 160

testudo, Ophiomusium 2, 29, 143, 164

INDEX.

173

Page.

thouleti, Ophioglypha 21,22

troscheli, Ophiacantha 73, 15G

tuberculosa, Ophiacantha 73

tumida, Ophiomyxa 162

tumulosa, Ophioglypha 18, 19

uncinata, Ophiolepis 39

uncinatus, Ophiobrachion 163

valenciennesi, Ophiacantha (Ophiotreta)... 2,99,

101, 102

valida, Ophiomitra 3, 110, 137, 158

validum, Ophiomusium 2,31, 153

Page.

variabilis, Ophioglypha 24, 152

variegata, Ophioderma 1, 7

varispina, Ophiacantha 72

vepratica, Ophiacantha 2, 94, 145

victories, Ophionotus 20

violacea, Ophiothrix 118, 160

virescens, Ophioderma 3

vivipara, Ophiacantha 2, 96

wundermani, Amphiura 42

Ophiophragmus 2, 42, 144

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