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CIRCULAR No. 237 JUNE, 1932

UNITED STATES DEPARTMENT OF AGRICULTURE
WASHINGTON, D. C.

CONTROL OF THE JAPANESE BEETLE ON FRUIT
AND SHADE TREES

By E. R. Van LEEuWEN, Associate Entomologist, Division of Japanese and
Asiatic Beetle Research, Bureau of Entomology

CONTENTS

Page Page

Am trOdWetlo nme Foe eG ee ee es 1 | Recommendations for control in cities and
Wife history andenapitsees ee = a 1 LONG 0 eae ee A EE a Be ee 11
Character of injury Sossessstses cheese ssose Soes 3 Shade treeguiak eae cma ie Mee pot ds 11
Bee ae control. --_--------__----.- Shrubs and ornamental plantings__________ 12
Siete carp ion weaanaN mee one ateleg |g Pruluirocs. 2) 3! ES ee 12
Recommendations for control in commercial Miscellaneous methods for destroying beetles. 12
MATES OL Ube sss eee he eee See it dfaNr eh a SE a Spc ee ee DO A Bre 13
ADDIOSS 222-25 2h ot 22 bt OS ee ee 7 EGTA Sse eee een em. Leys 13
Feaches CCE AR SEES PERE AUT ‘ FARCOMLACT: S10 Tanyase ee cee eee eee 13
@llerniest sos uae eek eee REE AQ Green lead arsenate____----_--------------- 13
GEADES soe a aie RE a hes ete ae 10 ATTA CLEACULVCSDIAVE ease ee oe 13

Sma GUT tS as De eae ale ee 11
INTRODUCTION

Since the Japanese beetle was first discovered in the United States
in 1916, it has increased greatly in numbers in certain localities in
New Jersey and Pennsylvania. Many of the important food plants
grown in the heavily infested area are favorites of the beetle. Be-
cause of the economic importance of many of these plants, it was
necessary to devise some method of protecting them from injury by
this insect. The information given in this circular is based on re-
cent experimental work conducted in the infested area adjacent to the
point of original discovery. The various measures specified herein
are primarily for use in the heavily infested areas shown in Figure
1. Unless serious injury resulted from beetle feeding the preceding
year, sprays for the control of this insect are not necessary.

LIFE HISTORY AND HABITS

The Japanese beetle passes the winter in the larval or grub stage
in the soil. About the last of May and early in June the insect
changes to the pupa, in which stage it remains for 8 to 20 days.
From this pupa the full-grown beetle emerges. Emergence generally
begins about the middle of June and continues over a period of from
six to nine weeks, the peak occurring shortly after the middle of July
during a normal year.

123176°—32

2 CIRCULAR 237, U. S. DEPARTMENT OF AGRICULTURE

The adult beetle is a beautiful brightly colored insect about the size
of a Colorado potato beetle, but on warm, sunshiny days it is more
active than this well-known pest. The head and thorax are shining
metallic green and the wing covers are reddish bronze tinged with

NEW CASTLE

SCALE-STATUTE MILES

FIGURE 1.—Map of New Jersey and parts of adjoining States showing the status of
Japanese-beetle infestation in 1931. The heavily infested area is indicated by the
more stippled portions. The large scattered black dots show the known local
occurrences of the insect in the part of the area of discontinuous distribution
included within the map limits

green at the edges. On the sides and tip of the abdomen are short
tufts of hair which resemble small white dots. (Fig. 2.)

The life period of the adult beetle ranges from approximately five
to eight weeks, and during this time it feeds on leaves and fruits.

CONTROL OF THE JAPANESE BEETLE ON FRUIT AND SHADE TREES a

The female returns to the soil during certain periods to deposit eggs.
The eggs hatch in about 12 days. The larvae remain near the sur-
face of the soil to feed until the approach of cold weather, when they
burrow deeper into the ground. There is only one oeneration a

year. (Fig. 3.)
CHARACTER OF INJURY

The injury caused by the adult beetle is the result of its feeding
on foliage and fruits. The leaves of trees are in part or wholly
skeletonized ; that is, the softer tissues of the leaf between the coarser
veins are eaten. As the in-
sect prefers to feed in sunny
places, it first destroys the
leaves at the top of the tree
or plant. The remnants of
the leaves soon turn brown
and fall off, and a partial
second crop of leaves is pro-
duced. Beetle infestations
have been so severe at times
that large shade and fruit
trees have become com-
pletely defoliated within
four days after being first
attacked.

Early ripening fruits are
especially attractive to the
beetle. At times the beetles
collect on early apples and
peaches in such large num-
bers as completely to cover
the fruit. The author once
collected 13 tubs of beetles
from 156 early peach trees
in the vicinity of Moores-
town, N. J., and within two
days ‘the trees were again
heavily infested. Very” little feeding by the beetle is sufficient to
destroy an entire crop of early apples or peaches. Once the skin
of the fruit has been broken by the insect’s Jaws, it has little market
value.

FIGURE 2.—The Japanese beetle. xX 3

FACTORS INFLUENCING CONTROL

The Japanese beetle is a difficult insect to control. There are sev-
eral reasons for this: (1) The large number of insects found in the
neighborhood of the crops to be protected; (2) the failure of the
beetle to feed on poisoned plants; (38) the great attraction that the
beetles have for each other; and (4) the large number of different
kinds of plants upon which the beetles will feed.

One of the chief factors which make it possible to secure protection,
in spite of the countless numbers of beetles, is the repelling effect

4

CIRCULAR 237, U. S. DEPARTMENT OF AGRICULTURE

that the ordinary sprays have on the beetle. The beetle is controlled
mostly by the prevention of feeding, and the term “ protection ” or
“control” in this circular therefore refers to the repelling effect

JAN. | FEB. | MAR. |APRIL| MAY | JUNE | JULY | AUG.|SEPT.| OCT. | NOV. | DEC.

IBEETLES| FREED ON SORUNGE AND FRUIT

CHART SHOWING THE DIFFERENT STAGES OF
THE JAPANESE BEETLE
THROUGHOUT THE YEAR

CROBS CONTINUE TP
FELD AND CRO

Figure 3.—Diagrammatic representation of the annual life cycle of the Japanese beetle

of the spray deposits on the plant rather than to the destruction of
large numbers of beetles. Some feeding does occur, but unfortu-
nately only about 380 per cent of the beetles which feed on the

FigurE 4.—Unsprayed and well-sprayed foliage.
on foliage which is necessary to control the Japanese beetle

This figure illustrates the deposit

poisoned plant consume a toxic dose. The majority of beetles in

the vicinity of sprayed foliage are repelled before alighting.
Thoroughness and timeliness of application of the sprays are more

important in the control of this insect than is the ingredient used

CONTROL OF THE JAPANESE BEETLE ON FRUIT AND SHADE TREES 5

in the spray. All portions of the plant should be covered with a
film of the spray deposit. (Fig.4.) Any uncovered area on foliage
or fruit will be selected by the beetle for feeding. Since the beetle
first attacks the upper portions of the plant, it is essential that these
parts be well protected with a coat of spray. A much larger quan-
tity of spray 1s necessary for combating this pest than is ordinarily
employed by commercial fruit growers in the control of miscellane-
ous orchard pests in the vicinity of the original infestation. A 25-
year-old apple tree approximately 20 feet high with a branch spread
of 25 feet requires at least 18 to 20 gallons of spray solution evenly
distributed over the foliage and fruit.

If any infestation of beetles is present or if the plant has already
been injured, the problem of preventing further injury is more dif-
ficult. Therefore, the importance of applying the sprays before in-
festation or injury occurs can not be overemphasized. Since beetles
will attract beetles, the secret of control is to apply the spray before
the beetles are present in large numbers. In a normal year sprays
should be apphed by July 4.

SPRAY MATERIALS

Lead arsenate? plays an important part in the control of the Jap-
anese beetle. It is the best known and most extensively used stomach
poison for the destruction of insect life. It is comparatively safe to
use on all types of foliage, remains on the foliage longer than any
other stomach poison, mixes well with water, and on account of its
fineness remains well in suspension. Its greatest advantage, how-
ever, is its high repellency to the beetle when used at a strength of
6 pounds to 100 gallons of water.

Ordinary wheat flour, averaging approximately 16 per cent gluten
content, is added to the lead arsenate to increase its power of adher-
ing to the plant.

Lead oleate coated lead arsenate, which is recommended in this
circular particularly for shade trees and shrubs, is ordinary acid
lead arsenate paste, containing approximately 55 per cent water,
treated during manufacture with lead acetate and oleic acid to form
a 2 per cent lead oleate coating of the lead arsenate paste. The
spray was developed at the Japanese beetle laboratory during a search
for a toxic material which the beetle would eat readily. Not only
does the addition of the lead oleate increase the kill of beetles, but
the material possesses good adhesive qualities.

Hydrated lime is a well-known commercial product made by slak-
ing stone lime with water, either as such or in the form of steam.
This should not be confused with a slaked lime. Where hydrated
lime is substituted for stone lime, one-fourth of a pound more should
be added for each pound of stone lime.

Calcium caseinate, a commercial mixture of casein and lime, has
an widely advertised as an effective spreader for certain insecti-
cides.

New Jersey dry mix is a fungicidal spray combination composed
of finely ground sulphur and lime to which calcium caseinate has been

1 Unless otherwise specified, the term ‘‘ lead arsenate” as used throughout this circular
refers to the dry form of acid lead arsenate.

6 CIRCULAR 237, U. S. DEPARTMENT OF AGRICULTURE

added. The proportions of the materials in this mixture are as
follows:

Pounds
Finely ground “sulphur. 22 = = ee ee 8
Hydrated ‘lime 238i ss ha Se eng, a ee eee nee +
Galeium ‘:caseinate: S82 ~ 2 ee ae 2 aes eee eee oD

All dry materials should be mixed in pails or buckets before being
placed in the spray tank. Whenever flour is used, all the dry mate-
rials should be thoroughly mixed before any water is added; other-
wise the flour will lump badly and cause difficulty during the spray
operation. A small quantity of water should be added first and the
mixture again stirred, after which sufficient water is added to make a
thin paste. It can then be strained into the spray tank.

SPRAYING EQUIPMENT

For plants growing under commercial conditions the ordinary
high-pressure power outfits in general use for control of other insects

FIGURE 5.—Spraying shade trees with high-power outfit. It is essential that the
tops of certain varieties of trees be covered with a coating of spray to prevent
injury by the beetle

and diseases can be employed. (Fig. 5.) These outfits are made
with pumps of from two to four cylinders having a capacity of from
10 to 50 gallons per minute and operated by gasoline engines of from
4 to 15 horsepower. Often the pumps are operated by a direct
hook-up with the tractor or truck drawing the sprayer. Only the
best grade of high-pressure hose which is guaranteed against im-
perfections in workmanship and materials should be used and the
working pressure under which the hose is to be used should be speci-
fied. The length will depend on the conditions under which it is to
be employed, although 50-foot lengths are handy when considerable

CONTROL OF THE JAPANESE BEETLE ON FRUIT AND SHADE TREES 7

moving about is involved. Hose having an inside diameter of from
three-eighths to five-eighths inch is the most convenient.

Where only a few trees or shrubs are to be protected and the tips
of the tallest branches are not more than 10 feet from the ground,
smaller sprayers are fairly convenient. One type of sprayer avail-
able for this purpose is the bucket pump. It should be made of
brass or other noncorrosive metal and preferably should be equipped
with an agitator. For convenience in spraying these pumps may be
clamped to the bucket and operated by one person. For protecting
a few plants hand atomizers are available. The best type of hand
sprayer is made of brass, with a glass container having a capacity
of about 1 quart.

The spray gun consists of a hollow metal rod from 2 to 4 feet
long through which the spray may be thrown a distance of 10 to 30
feet, depending upon the pressure and the volume of the liquid. It
can be adjusted to give a fine mist or a coarse spray. The mist
spray covers the foliage most thoroughly, although the more distant
foliage is best reached with the coarse spray. For covering tall shade
trees there is a specially constructed spray gun utilizing high
pressures which can be operated from the ground.

RECOMMENDATIONS FOR CONTROL IN COMMERCIAL PLANTINGS
OF FRUIT?

The following recommendations for control are based on investi-
gations covering a period of several years, during which countless
numbers of poisonous materials in the form of dusts or sprays have
been tried out in laboratory and orchard experiments. The methods
given here are the most satisfactory from the standpoint of protec-
tion. Since control of the beetle depends upon the application of
the material recommended, the reader should first become acquainted
with the paragraphs dealing with the factors which influence con-
trol. In no case should fruit sprayed for the Japanese beetle be
eaten until all residue from spraying has been removed.

APPLES
LATHE VARIETIES

Late apples should be sprayed with 6 pounds of acid lead arsenate,
4 pounds of flour, and 100 gallons of water. One thorough applica-
tion has usually been found sufficient for complete protection, but
if followed by heavy rains a second application should be given
two to three weeks later. (Fig. 6.)

EARLY VARIETIES

Unfortunately, certain early varieties of apples ripen at about
the time the beetles appear in large numbers, and there is some dan-
ger from spray residue remaining on the fruit when arsenical sprays

2On account of the Federal laws limiting the amount of arsenic residue on fruit for
market, fruit should not be sprayed with arsenical poisons within three to four weeks of
harvest. The problem has been practically solved by washing the fruit in dilute hydro-
echlorie acid, although this method can not be adopted for certain fruits, such as the
peach. The world standard tolerance for arsenical residue on fruit is 0.01 gram per
pound of fruit, and this regulation is enforced by the Food and Drug Administration of
the U. 8S. Department of Agriculture.

8 CIRCULAR 237, U. S. DEPARTMENT OF AGRICULTURE

are applied at this time. Where the residue on the fruit can be
removed by washing or wiping, the treatment given for late apples
is recommended. A nonpoisonous spray which has given some pro-
tection of early apples under conditions of light infestation is milk
of lime from 12 pounds of unslaked lime or 16 pounds of hydrated
lime to 100 gallons of water. This spray does not adhere well, how-
ever, and is easily washed off by rains. The application should be
repeated if necessary. Any deposit, whether poisonous or non-
poisonous, must be removed from the fruit if it is to be marketed.

NONBEARING TREES

Nonbearing apple trees should be sprayed with 9 pounds of lead
oleate coated lead arsenate to 100 gallons of water. This material
remains on the foliage for a long time and is not readily washed off
by rains.

FicurRE 6.—Sprayed and unsprayed apple trees in an orchard near Moorestown, N. J.
Note the new growth on the tree defoliated by feeding of the Japanese beetle

PEACHES

YOUNG AND NONBEARING TREKS.

Young and nonbearing peach trees can be protected by thoroughly
spraying the foliage not later than July 4 with a mixture of 3 pounds
of lead arsenate and the milk of lime from 12 pounds of unslaked
hme or 16 pounds of hydrated lime made up to 100 gallons with
water. The application should be repeated from two to three weeks

later.
LATE VARIETIES

_ As most of the injury to late peaches (Elberta or later varieties)
is confined to the foliage, it is necessary to have the leaves espe-

CONTROL OF THE JAPANESE BEKTLE ON FRUIT AND SHADE TREES 9

cially well protected. An apphcation of 25 pounds of dry mix, 10
pounds of hydrated lime, 3 pounds of lead arsenate, and 100 gallons
of water should be given not later than July 4 in a season of normal
weather conditons. It is much easier to protect trees when the foli-
age is dense and vigorous than when the trees are weak and under-
nourished.

EARLY VARIETIES

No sprays have been found to be effective against Japanese beetles
on early varieties of peach trees (those varieties maturing before
Elberta). The bee-
tles are abundant in
the orchards at the
time early peaches
are harvested and
are especially at-
tracted to the rip-
ening fruit. (Fig.
7.) It has been im-
possible to elimi-
nate this attractive-
ness by the use of
chemicals; and in-
soluble spray mate-
rials, when applied
at this time, leave a
residue that can not
be removed without
injury to the fruit.

Members of the
research staff of the
Japanese beetle lab-
oratory have been
making an extensive
search for a non-
toxicrepellent which
leaves no objection-
able residue on the
peach, but without
success. The great
attraction that the

ripening peach has ee i oo opanese ues clustered on peach ait, at
e fleshy part o e fruit is destroyed, leaving only the
for the beetle has pit. Early Rose is the variety of peach shown

not been overcome.

Where the infestation is not too heavy, a spray consisting of milk
of lime from 12 pounds of unslaked lime or 16 pounds of hydrated
lime made up to 100 gallons with water has a definite repellent effect
on the beetle, and may give complete protection over a period of
several days. The application should not be repeated, however, as
it leaves an objectionable visible residue, and unless removed by
rains it reduces the market value of the fruit.

10 CIRCULAR 237, U. S. DEPARTMENT OF AGRICULTURE
PLUMS

For the protection of plums the same recommendation is made
as for peaches. The plums can be washed and all residue should be
removed before the fruit is eaten or delivered at market.

CHERRIES

In a normal year the cherry crop in the heavily infested area is
harvested before Japanese beetles have emerged in numbers large
enough to cause any great injury either to the trees or to the crop.
As spraying the trees just prior to harvesting the crop would result
in excessive spray residue on the fruit, the application should be
made just after the cherries are harvested. A second application
may be necessary two to three weeks later. Lead oleate coated lead
arsenate spray in the proportion of 9 pounds to 100 gallons of water
should be used.

Where yellow leaf or leaf spot is present in an orchard, the usual
214 gallons of commercial lime and sulphur concentrate solution to
100 gallons of water is recommended. Where this spray is applied
immediately after the fruit has been harvested, 4 pounds of lead
arsenate and 4 pounds of flour should be added for control of the
Japanese beetle. This application should be repeated from two to
three weeks later. Lead oleate coated lead arsenate should not be
added to any spray mixture containing lime.

GRAPES
BEARING VINES

Six pounds of lead arsenate, 4 pounds of flour, and 100 gallons of
water is recommended for the protection of bearing vines. As the
beetles do not feed on the berries, it is only necessary to spray the
leaves. The spray should be directed from the top down, using a
very fine mist and coating each leaf thoroughly. Care must be taken
not to force the spray up from below, as this might leave too much
spray deposit on the berries when harvested. A second application
should be made two to three weeks later in order to protect the new
growth that comes out after the first spraying; otherwise beetles will
accumulate upon it, and severe injury will result both to it and to
other portions of the vines in spite of the spray coating.

YOUNG AND NONBEARING VINES

For the protection of young and nonbearing grapevines, 9 pounds
of lead oleate coated lead arsenate to 100 gallons of water should be
used, and the application repeated as often as necessary to protect
the new growth.

Where the practice is to use the 4-6-50 Bordeaux mixture on
grapes at about the time the beetle spray should be applied, the
lead arsenate in the formula for the protection of bearing vines is
added without the fiour. Many varieties of grapes, such as Ives,
are often seriously burned by heavy applications of Bordeaux mix-
ture. In such cases it is suggested that the spray for Japanese
beetles be composed of 6 pounds of lead arsenate, 4 pounds of flour,
and 100 gallons of water.

CONTROL OF THE JAPANESE BEETLE ON FRUIT AND SHADE TREES 11
SMALL FRUITS

On account of the objection to spray residue appearing on small
fruits such as the raspberry and blackberry, protective sprays can
not be applied until the fruit has been harvested. Recent experi-
ments with certain varieties that produce two crops annually have
shown that sprays can be applied as soon as the first crop has been
picked without any injury to the second crop resulting from spray
deposits. One application of lead oleate coated lead arsenate, 9
pounds to 100 gallons of water, after the crop has been harvested
prevents further injury to the foliage and developing fruits.

RECOMMENDATIONS FOR CONTROL IN CITIES AND TOWNS

SHADE TREES

Certain shade trees (fig. 8) and ornamental plants which are
favorite food plants
of the beetle are
erown extensively in
the towns and cities
in the heavily in-
fested zone. The
protection of these
plants from injury
has presented a dif-
ficult problem because
few property owners
are equipped to apply
the sprays properly.
Power spraying out-
fits are necessary to
protect a tree over
10 feet in height.
Property owners usu-
ally have only a few
trees or ornamental
plants to protect and
are in no position to
afford equipment of
this nature.

During recent years
such situations have
been met by commu-
nities undertaking or
sponsoring a shade-

tree-spraying CaM- Figure 8.—Elm tree injured by Japanese beetles. Note
paign. Other com- how the upper and outer portions of the tree have

mae ° sue been defoliated
munities and indivi-
duals have employed commercial spray companies to do the work.
These arrangements have worked out quite satisfactorily. Details
regarding the organization of the community spray program can be
obtained from the local county agent.
The following shade trees should be sprayed with lead oleate
coated lead arsenate. 9 pounds to 100 gallons of water, or, if small

12 CIRCULAR 237, U. S. DEPARTMENT OF AGRICULTURE

quantities are to be made, 8 teaspoonfuls to each gallon of water,
not later than July 4, with a second application from two to three
weeks later: Linden (basswood), horsechestnut, elm, willow, Lom-
bardy poplar, European white birch, Norway maple, sycamore, pin
oak, chestnut oak, cypress, larch, and sassafras. Boxwood and mag-
nolia are somewhat susceptible to injury from arsenicals, especially
where heavy applications of lead arsenate are used. These plants
should be covered with canvas to protect them from drift or drench-
ings while near-by trees are being sprayed.

SHRUBS AND ORNAMENTALS

The shrubs and ornamental plants likely to be injured as a result
of beetle feeding are: Flowering quince, spirea, hawthorn, althea,
buckeye, rose, hollyhock, dahlia, geranium, canna, evening prim-
rose, zinnia, China-aster, hibiscus, and Virginia creeper. ‘These
plants should be treated with the lead oleate coated lead arsenate
as described for the protection of shade trees. Where small quanti-
ties of spray solution are needed, 8 teaspoonfuls of lead oleate coated
lead arsenate to each gallon of water should be used. All plants
not over 10 feet in height can be sprayed with a hand or bucket
pump sprayer in case power outfits are not available.

No satisfactory spray has yet been found, however, for the
protection of the flowers, as it is not possible to keep the expand-
ing bloom covered with a film of poison. Individual flowering
plants, or groups of plants, can be protected by inclosing them with
cloth mosquito netting. Frames for holding the netting can be
constructed of wood or iron pipe at moderate cost. Several grow-
ers of choice roses have successfully protected their flowers by this
method. Where mosquito netting is used, it may be necessary to
make one or two applications of fungicide during July and August,
because inclosed plants are more subject to mildew than plants
orown in the open.

FRUIT TREES

Most of the fruit trees found in the cities and towns are consid-
ered in this circular as either shade trees or ornamental plants.
Apple and cherry trees and grapevines can be treated as specified
for shade trees. Peach and plum trees are somewhat susceptible to
arsenical injury; therefore the lead arsenate in the spray for the
protection of these trees should be 3 pounds to 100 gallons of water
plus 16 pounds of hydrated lime. For smaller quantities of the
spray solution 2 teaspoonfuls of lead arsenate and 8 teaspoonfuls
of hydrated lime to each gallon of water should be used.

MISCELLANEOUS METHODS FOR DESTROYING BEETLES

The methods recommended in the foregoing paragraphs are in-
tended for the protection of plants. Other methods have been worked
out which are intended for the destruction of large numbers of
beetles. They should be used, however, only when it is desired to
reduce the infestation without regard to protection, and the pro-
tective sprays already described should never be omitted if there
are plants that might suffer from attacks of the beetles.

CONTROL OF THE JAPANESE BEETLE ON FRUIT AND SHADE TREES 13

JARRING

One of the easiest methods for destroying beetles on heavily in-
fested plants is to jar the plants early in the morning (before 7
a.m.) when the temperature is low. The beetles fall to the ground,
where they may be caught on sheets spread beneath the branches.
They may then be killed by placing them in cans or buckets con-
taining water and kerosene.

TRAPS 3

A mechanical trap in which an attractive bait containing geraniol
is used is effective in catching large numbers of beetles. The trap is
of no value as a means of control, however, since it does not capture
all the beetles attracted to it, and those beetles which are not cap-
tured increase the infestation in the neighborhood of the trap. At
the present time traps can play no part in the protection of plants
within the heavily infested area.

A CONTACT SPRAY #4

Beetles can be destroyed with a spray which kills by contact. This
spray 1s composed of sodium oleate and an alcoholic extract of
pyrethrum flowers diluted with water. In using this spray it is
necessary to wet the beetles thoroughly. The spray is harmless to
fohage, but it does not prevent reinfestation.

GREEN LEAD ARSENATE®

There has been some objection to the conspicuous white deposit
of lead arsenate tnat remains on plants after spraying, especially on
shrubs and ornamentals. The unsightly residue can be avoided by
using lead arsenate that has been colored green. Unfortunately,
green lead arsenate is less repellent to beetles than ordinary white
lead arsenate and more injury is caused by their feeding when it is
used, although more beetles are killed.

AN ATTRACTIVE SPRAY &

Where destruction of beetles is desired rather than protection to
foliage or fruits from beetle attacks, a spray consisting of green lead
arsenate, sirup, emulsified geraniol, and water is recommended.
Beetles will feed readily on this poisonous spray, but greater injury
to the sprayed plants will result. Beetles will be attracted great dis-
tances and an increase in the volume of leaf area consumed will
result from an increase in the natural population.

3 These traps and their operation have been described in U. S. Dept. Agr. Misc. Pub.
147, a copy of which can be obtained by addressing the U. S. Department of Agriculture,
Washington, D. C.

For information concerning the formula of this spray and its use for destroying beetles
write the Japanese Beetle Laboratory at Moorestown, N. J., for Circular 92 of the New
Jersey Department of Agriculture.

5 Hor further information on the manufacture and use of green lead arsenate write to
the Japanese Beetle Laboratory, Moorestown, N. J., for Circular 143 of the New Jersey
Department of Agriculture.

6The formula for this spray and any other information not covered in this circular
can be secured by addressing the Japanese Beetle Laboratory, Moorestown, N. J

ORGANIZATION OF THE UNITED STATES DEPARTMENT OF AGRICULTURE
WHEN THIS PUBLICATION WAS LAST PRINTED

secretary. of Agriculture = aes ARTHUR M. Hynde.
Assistant iS€Creteny 222. 22st sr oe nea R. W. DUNLAP.
Director, of (Scientific Work. 2 eee A, F. Woops.
Darecitor of Regulatory Work 2222 WALTER G. CAMPBELL.
Director of Hatension Work = 2 = C. W. WARBURTON.

Director of Personnel and Business Adminis- W. W. STOCKBERGER.
tration.

Director, of. information. aa M. 8. EISENHOWER.

SOUCIHLOT S223) nee ee ee, te EK. L. MARSHALL.

Weather Bureau 222) je See CHARLES F’. Marvin, Chief.

Bureau of Anmel indistry——_ Ss JOHN R. MouteEr, Chief.

bureau of Dery indus SS aes O. EK. REED, Chief.

Bixee of Biont industryes 12 Sees WitttaM A. Tayntor, Chief.

POrest -S€riieg 2 ae 2 R. Y. Stuart, Chief.

Bureau of Chemistry and Soils_____________ H. G. Kniceut, Chief.

Bureau of Entomology) = SS eee C. L. Maruatt, Chief.

Bureau of Biological Survey PauL G. REDINGTON, Chief.

BUTeeuOf LUE woOnds.. ooo eee THoMAS H. MacDOonaLp, Chief.

Bureau of Agricultural Engineering _________— S. H. McCrory, Chief.

Bureau of Agricultural Economics__________ Nits A. OLSEN, Chief.

burcet of Home -Heenenics. 2 aaa LOUISE STANLEY, Chief.

Plant Quarantine and Control Administration. LEE A. Strone, Chief.

Grain Futures Administration______________— J. W. T. DuvEL, Chief.

Food and Drug Administration_____________ WALTER G, CAMPBELL, Director of
Regulatory Work, in Charge.

Office of Experiment Stations_____- JAMES T. JARDINE, Chief.

Office of Cooperative Extension Work_______ C. B. SmirH, Chief.

EaOr Ory oe i ek ee a CLARIBEL R, BARNETT, Librarian.

This circular is a contribution from

Bureau of Entomology. eee C. L. Marrart, Chief.
Division of Japanese and Asiatic Beetle C. H. Haptry, Principal Ento-
Research. mologist, in charge.
14

U.S. GOVERNMENT PRINTING OFFICE: 1932

For sale by the Superintendent of Documents, Washington, D. C.

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