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ATES DEPARTMENT OF AGRICULT

AGRICULTURAL RESEARCH SERVICE

PLANT PEST CONTROL DIVISION

SURVEY AND DETECTION OPERATIONS

The Cooperative Economic Insect Report is issued
weekly as a service to American Agriculture. Its contents
are compiled from information supplied by cooperating State,
Federal, and industrial entomologists and other agricultural
workers. In releasing this material the Division serves as
a clearing house and does noi assume responsibility for ac-
curacy of the material.

All correspondence pertaining to additions, dele-
tions and changes of addresses for the mailing
list for this report should be sent to:

Service Operations Division
‘Office of Plant and Operations
United States Department of Agriculture
Washington, D. C. 20250

Reports and inquiries pertaining to this release
should be mailed to: é

Survey and Detection Operations
Plant Pest Control Division
Agricultural Research Service
United States Department of Agriculture
Federal Center Building
Hyattsville, Maryland 20781

Volume 15 January 1, 1965 Number 1

COOPERATIVE ECONOMIC INSECT REPORT

HIGHLIGHTS

THREE-CORNERED ALFALFA HOPPER populations continue to range medium to heavy in
some alfalfa in Yuma, Maricopa and Pinal Counties, Arizona. (p. 3).

CABBAGE LOOPER rather heavy on collards in Lee County and other central counties
in Alabama; some controls still necessary on vegetable crops in Maricopa County,
Arizona. (p. 4).

As of December 11, 1964, a WEEVIL (Anthonomus sp.) infested 500 properties
involving 32,912 acres of cotton in Yuma, Maricopa, Pinal, Pima, Santa Cruz and
Cochise Counties, Arizona. (p. 4).

BOLL WEEVIL hibernation surveys in 5 Southern States show average counts of live
weevils per acre exceeded those of 1963 in all comparable areas except North Delta
area of Mississippi. (pp. 10-12).

DETECTION

A GRAPE LEAF SKELETONIZER (Harrisina metallica) reported for first time from New
Mexico. (p. 3). A SCOLYTID (Hypothenemus pubescens) and a PIT SCALE (Astero-
lecanium miliaris robustum) were reported for the first time from Hawaii. (p. 9).
New county records reported were a BERMUDA-GRASS MITE (Aceria neocynodonis) from
Sacramento County, California, (p. 3); CHRYSANTHEMUM APHID (Macrosiphoniella
sanborni) from Imperial County, California, (p. 5); an APHID (Lachnus salignus)
from Yolo County, California, (p. 5); and an ERIOPHYID MITE (Paracalacarus
podocarpi) from Orange County, Florida, (p. 6).

SPECIAL REPORTS

Status of the Screw-worm in the Southwest. (p. 8). No cases were reported in
the Southwestern Eradication Area during the period December 20-26. Last
reported infestation was in Atascosa County, Texas, on December 9,

Hawaiian Insect Notes. (p. 9).

Boll Weevil Hibernation Surveys in North and South Carolina, Alabama, Mississippi
and Texas - Fall 1964. (pp. 10-12)

Reports in this issue are for week ending December 25, unless otherwise indicated.

=D =
WEATHER OF THE WEEK ENDING DECEMBER 28

Heavy rains and melting mountain snow caused record to near record flooding in
western Oregon and northern California, driving thousands of persons from their
homes. New snow covered the northern Great Plains as mild weather continued over
the East. A few severe thunderstorms and tornadoes struck the Deep South.

TEMPERATURE: Arctic air lay over the northern Great Plains on Monday, December 21;
temperatures at Cut Bank, Montana, remained below zero throughout the day and
climbed to only a few degrees above zero over parts of North Dakota and Minnesota.
Sharp temperature contrasts existed across the Arctic front. Valentine, Nebraska,
registered 68° on Wednesday afternoon when Pierre, South Dakota, reported only 20°.
The temperatures tumbled quickly as the front pushed southward. The mercury had
reached 82° at Concordia, Kansas, Wednesday afternoon but dropped to 25° Thursday
morning. Strong chinook winds on the eastern slopes of the Rocky Mountains

raised the temperatures to near record levels. Roswell, New Mexico, registered

80° on Wednesday afternoon. This was 2° warmer than Key West, Florida. The East
continued warm through most of the week. Temperatures averaged below normal over
northern Washington and over the northern Great Plains and above OES over

most of the rest of the Nation.

PRECIPITATION: Heavy precipitation, mostly rain, fell over western and central
Oregon and northern California where weekly totals at some stations were from one-
third to one-half of the annual normals. A few stations in Oregon received more
than 10 inches and some mountain locations in California received from 10 to 30
inches of rain during the week. These heavy rains and runoff from melting snow-
pack induced by warm temperatures produced severe flooding and soil erosion in
northern California and western Oregon. No rain or only light sprinkles fell

from southern Nevada eastward across Arizona, New Mexico, and Texas and northward
to southern Nebraska. Some heavy thundershowers occurred from southeastern
Alabama to southern North Carolina. (Summary supplied by U.S. Weather Bureau).

CEREAL AND FORAGE INSECTS

GREENBUG (Schizaphis graminum) - OKLAHOMA - Counts decreased 50 percent in Perkins
area, Payne County; now average 5 per linear foot. Some dead aphids noted. No
other species of grain aphid active in area. S. graminum averaged less than 1 per
linear foot in Logan County. (Okla. Coop. Sur.). ARKANSAS - None found in north-
west area. (Ark. Ins. Sur.).

A CORN LEAFHOPPER (Dalbulus maidis) - CALIFORNIA - Immatures and adults medium on
corn in Selma, Fresno County. (Cal. Coop. Rpt., Dec. 18).

HESSIAN FLY (Phytophaga destructor) - NEBRASKA - Infestations noted as above aver-
age in Box Butte County. (Bergman).

A BERMUDA-GRASS MITE (Aceria neocynodonis) - CALIFORNIA - Medium on Bermuda grass
locally in Sacramento, Sacramento County; new county record. (Cal. Coop. Rpt.).

THREE-CORNERED ALFALFA HOPPER (Spissistilus festinus) - ARIZONA - Populations
continue medium to heavy in some alfalfa in Yuma, Maricopa and Pinal Counties.
(Ariz. Coop. Sur.).

SPOTTED ALFALFA APHID (Therioaphis maculata) - ARIZONA - Light to medium in
scattered areas of Maricopa County alfalfa. (Ariz. Coop. Sur., Dec. 19).
ARKANSAS — None noted in northwest area. (Ark. Ins. Sur.).

PEA APHID (Acyrthosiphon pisum) - ARKANSAS - Counts in legumes remain approximately
10-15 per square foot in northwest area. (Ark. Ins. Sur.).

WESTERN BROWN STINK BUG (Euschistus impictiventris) - ARIZONA - Populations
persist in alfalfa in Yuma Valley of Yuma County; averaged 15 per 100 sweeps.
(Ariz. Coop. Sur.).

LYGUS BUGS (Lygus spp.) - ARIZONA - Adults averaged 25 per 100 sweeps in alfalfa
in Maricopa and Pinal Counties. (Ariz. Coop. Sur., Dec. 19).

A WEEVIL (Hypera brunneipennis) — ARIZONA - Adults appearing in Yuma County;
ranged 10-40 per 100 sweeps. (Ariz. Coop. Sur.).

FRUIT INSECTS

PEACH TREE BORER (Sanninoidea exitiosa) - FLORIDA - Larvae severe on roots of
plum in nursery at Macclenny, Baker County. (Collins, Dec. 15).

HICKORY SHUCKWORM (Laspeyresia caryana) - OKLAHOMA - Light to moderate numbers
noted in pecan shucks in Stillwater area, Payne County. (Okla. Coop. Sur.).

A LEAF BLOTCH MINER (Lithocolletis sp.) - CALIFORNIA -— Medium on apple tree
nursery stock in Placerville, El Dorado County; predators active and feeding on
larvae. (Cal. Coop. Rpt., Dec. 18).

A GRAPE LEAF SKELETONIZER (Harrisina metallica) - NEW MEXICO - Adult collected
August 15, 1964, in backyard in Albuquerque, Bernalillo County, identified as
this species. This is first time determination has been made. Det. by

R. W. Hodges. This is a new State record. (N.M. Coop. Rpt.).

A LEAFHOPPER (Draeculacephala minerva) - CALIFORNIA - Sharp increase noted in
alfalfa in some locations in Fresno County. This species vector of Pierce's
disease of grape. (Cal. Coop. Rpt., Dec. 18).

SAN JOSE SCALE (Aspidiotus perniciosus) - FLORIDA - All stages severe on stem of
plum in nursery at Macclenny, Baker County. (Collins, Dec. 15).

A

OLIVE SCALE (Parlatoria oleae) — CALIFORNIA - Medium on peach nursery stock in
Menlo Park, San Mateo County. (Cal. Coop. Rpt., Dec. 18).

AN ARMORED SCALE (Aspidiotus spinosus) -— FLORIDA - All stages light on stems,
blooms and leaves of loquat at nursery in Marathon, Monroe County. (Dowling,
Knowles, Dec. 16).

CITRUS MEALYBUG (Pseudococcus citri) - CALIFORNIA - Heavy on mango trees locally
in San Diego, San Diego County. (Cal. Coop. Rpt.).

PACIFIC FLATHEADED BORER (Chrysobothris mali) - CALFORNIA - Larvae medium on apple
nursery stock locally in Santa Cruz, Santa Cruz County. (Cal. Coop. Rpt., Dec. 18).

TRUCK CROP INSECTS

CABBAGE LOOPER (Trichoplusia ni) — ARIZONA — Decreased on vegetable crops in
Maricopa County during week ending December 19, with fewer controls applied.
Populations currently decreasing in Yuma County and remain unchanged in Maricopa
County. Some controls still necessary in Maricopa County. (Ariz. Coop. Sur.).
ALABAMA - Rather heavy on collards in Lee County and other central counties.
(Barwood).

TOMATO FRUITWORM (Heliothis zea) - ARIZONA - Continues a problem on late planted
lettuce in Maricopa County. Controls necessary to protect maturing heads. (Ariz.
Coop. Sur.).

A LEAF ROLLER MOTH (Ptycholoma peritana) - CALIFORNIA - Larvae caused light damage
to strawberry leaves in Selma and medium damage in Clovis, Fresno County. (Cal.
Coop. Rpt., Dec. 18).

GREEN PEACH APHID (Myzus persicae) - ARIZONA - Increasing on sugar beets in
Maricopa County; averaged 145 per 100 sweeps. (Ariz. Coop. Sur., Dec. 19).

BEET LEAFHOPPER (Circulifer tenellus) -— ARIZONA - Light on sugar beets in Maricopa
County. (Ariz. Coop. Sur., Dec. 19).

A VINEGAR FLY (Drosophila sp.) - CALIFORNIA - Larval populations medium in flowers
and ovary of squash fruit in Chula Vista, San Diego County. (Cal. Coop. Rpt.).

COTTON INSECTS

PINK BOLLWORM (Pectinophora gossypiella) - ARIZONA - Surveys in cotton fields and
gin trash examinations revealed 150 infested properties in Pinal, Pima and
Maricopa Counties; 11,509 acres involved. Graham and Cochise Counties considered
100 percent infested. (Ariz. Coop. Sur., Dec. 19).

A WEEVIL (Anthonomus sp.) -— ARIZONA - Results of surveys show 500 properties

infested involving 32,912 acres in Yuma, Maricopa, Pinal, Pima, Santa Cruz and
Cochise Counties. (Ariz. Coop. Sur., Dec. 11).

FOREST, ORNAMENTAL AND SHADE TREE INSECTS

PINE BARK APHID (Pineus strobi) -— MARYLAND —- Conspicuous on several large white
pines at Carrollton, Prince Georges County. (U. Md., Ent. Dept.).

A PINE APHID (Essigella californica) -, CALIFORNIA - Heavy on Monterey pine
(Pinus radiata) in Riverside, Riverside County. (Cal. Coop. Rpt.).

A BARK BEETLE (Phloeosinus cristatus) - CALIFORNIA - Heavy on Cupressus macrocarpa
in Woodside, San Mateo County.. (Cal. Coop. Rpt., Dec. 18).

ah

TORTRICID MOTHS - KANSAS - A webworm, mentioned in CEIR 14(28):773, has been
determined as Choristoneura houstonana. Larvae were collected near Zurich, Rooks
County, on June 15 or 16 by R. Beams, on eastern redcedar (Juniperus virginiana).
E. A. Heinrichs collected additional larvae which he reared to adults and these
were determined by R. W. Hodges as C. houstonana. Although a collection from
Barton County was made about June 21, 1963, it was uncovered only recently.
(Thompson). These are the first reports from Kansas even though the species
apparently has been present for 2-3 years. (PPC). CALIFORNIA - Clepsis fucana
medium on rhododendron nursery stock in Albion, Mendocino County. Larvae, pupae
and adults present. (Cal. Coop. Rpt.).

AMERICAN PLUM BORER (Euzophera semifuneralis) - NEW MEXICO - Larvae collected
under bark of pecan at Carlsbad, Eddy County. Det. by D. M. Weisman. Collected
from trunks of catalpa trees at Roswell, Chaves County. (N.M. Coop. Rpt., Dec. 22).

A NOCTUID MOTH (Xanthopastis timais) - FLORIDA - Larvae ranged moderate to severe
on leaves and bulbs of Amaryllis sp. in nursery at South Daytona, Volusia County.
(Pott, Dec. 15).

A JUNIPER TWIG GIRDLER (Periploca nigra) - CALIFORNIA - Pupae and adults medium
on juniper nursery stock in El Cajon, San Diego County. Damage evident. (Cal.
Coop. Rpt.).

A PYRALID MOTH (Herculia phaezalis) - CALIFORNIA - Larvae heavy on Italian cypress
in Port Hueneme, Ventura County. (Cal. Coop. Rpt.).

A WEEVIL (Brachyrhinus cribricollis) - CALIFORNIA - Heavy on privet plants locally
in Riverside, Riverside County. (Cal. Coop. Rpt., Dec. 18).

CHRYSANTHEMUM APHID (Macrosiphoniella sanborni) - CALIFORNIA - Light on
chrysanthemums in Brawley, Imperial County. This is a new county record. (Cal.
Coop. Rpt., Dec. 18).

AN APHID (Lachnus salignus) - CALIFORNIA - Nymphs and adults infesting willow trees
locally in Woodland, Yolo County. This is a new county record. (Cal. Coop. Rpt.,
Dec. 18).

OLEANDER APHID (Aphis nerii) - FLORIDA - All stages moderate on stem of wax plant
(Hoya carnosa) at Winter Garden, Orange County. (Griffith, Dec. 18). ARIZONA -
Heavy on oleander in Yuma and Maricopa Counties. (Ariz. Coop. Sur.).

RUSTY PLUM APHID (Hysteroneura setariae) - ARIZONA - Heavy on ivy and other
ornamentals in Phoenix area, Maricopa County. (Ariz. Coop. Sur., Dec. 19).

TURNIP APHID (Hyadaphis pseudobrassicae) - CALIFORNIA - Adults and nymphs heavy on
stock plants in Fullerton, Orange County. (Cal. Coop. Rpt., Dec. 18).

A MINING SCALE (Pseudaonidia clavigera) - FLORIDA - Adults moderate on Camellia
japonica in nursery at Sulphur Springs, Hillsborough County. (Simmons, Dec. 15).

COCCIDS - FLORIDA - Phenacaspis cockerelli severe on leaves of magnolia at Oviedo,
Seminole County, (McLeod, Dec. 16); adults moderate on leaves of Bishopwood
(Bischofia javanica) in nursery at Miami, Dade County, (Brown, Dec. 18). All
stages of Pseudoparlatoria parlatorioides severe on leaves of Tibouchina sp. at
Cypress Gardens, Polk County. (Burnett, Denmark, Norton, Seymour, Dec. 17).
Saissetia hemisphaerica (hemispherical scale) adults severe on stem and leaves of
Aphelandra sp. in nursery at Apopka, Orange County. (Musgrove, Dec. 14).

Diaspis carueli (juniper scale) severe on Italian cypress (Cupressus semipervirens)
at nursery in Miami. (Brown, McFarlin, Dec. 17). All stages of Aspidiotus
perniciosus (San Jose scale) light on stem of Pyracantha sp. at nursery in Grove-
land, Lake County. (Henderson, Dec. 16). All stages of Conchaspis angraeci

light on leaves of yellow hibiscus at nursery in Stock Island, Monroe County.
(Dowling, Knowles, Dec. 16). ALABAMA - Two large specimen plantings of f~year-old

= ES

Japanese magnolia recently removed from landscape of large hospital in Lee County;
magnolias being killed by Toumeyella turgida. (McQueen). ARIZONA - Saissetia
Oleae (black scale) infested oleander on some properties in Yuma County; treatments
necessary. (Ariz. Coop. Sur.). CALIFORNIA - Adults of Aonidiella citrina (yellow
scale) and Amphorophora sp. (an aphid) heavy on strawberry—trees locally in
Sacramento, Sacramento County. Parlatoria oleae (olive scale) and Aspidiotus
perniciosus heavy on olive and Christmasberry in Williams, Colusa County.
Lepidosaphes ulmi (oystershell scale) and Aspidiotus lataniae adults heavy on
birch nursery stock in San Mateo, San Mateo County. (Cal. Coop. Rpt.).

BOXWOOD PSYLLID (Psylla buxi) - MARYLAND - Infested boxwood on property at
Mechanicsville, St. Marys County. (U. Md., Ent. Dept.).

CUBAN-LAUREL THRIPS (Gynaikothrips ficorum) —- CALIFORNIA - Medium populations
damaging "rubber-trees" in Anaheim, Orange County. Adults also present. (Cal.
Coop. Rpt.).

WHITEFLIES —- ALABAMA - Heavy infestations of nymphs and inactive stages easily
found on gardenia, ligustrum and many other broadleaf shrubs in many local areas
over State. (McQueen).

ERIOPHYID MITES - CALIFORNIA - Trisetacus quadrisetus nymphs and adults present
in medium numbers on juniper nursery stock in Anaheim, Orange County. (Cal.
Coop. Rpt.). FLORIDA - Adults of Paracalacarus podocarpi scattered on leaves of
Podocarpus sp. at Apopka, Orange County. (VanPelt, Dec. 15). This is a new
county record. (PPC).

A SLUG (Ariolimax columbianus) - CALIFORNIA - Heavy in yard in Santa Rosa, Sonoma

County. (Cal. Coop. Rpt.).

INSECTS AFFECTING MAN AND ANIMALS

COMMON CATTLE GRUB (Hypoderma lineatum) - OKLAHOMA - Counts per head in Payne
County averaged 20 on yearling steers, 6 on beef cows and less than 1 on dairy
cows; maximum count on dairy cows averaged 4 per head. Counts in Noble County
averaged 25 per head on yearling steers and 3 per head on beef cows. (Okia. Coop.
Sur. )e

CATTLE GRUBS (Hypoderma spp.) - UTAH - Controls applied to 2,000 beef animals in
Tooele County and 300 head in Duchesne County. (Biggs, Smith, Knowlton).

FACE FLY (Musca autumnalis) -— NEBRASKA - Adults overwintering in same room on

ninth floor of hotel in Lincoln, Lancaster County, for third successive year.

Adults also overwintering in church in Osceola, Polk County; church infested 2
years ago. Flies annoying on Sunday mornings when room conditions are warmer.
(Bergman).

CATTLE LICE - UTAH - Controls applied to 4,200 head of cattle in Tooele County
and to 525 head in Duchesne County. (Biggs, Smith, Knowlton). OKLAHOMA - Light
numbers of Haematopinus eurysternus (short-nosed cattle louse) appearing on
cattle in Payne County. (Okla. Coop. Sur.). MICHIGAN - Bovicola bovis (cattle
biting louse) adults collected from dairy herd in Ingham County on December 21.
(Wells). NEBRASKA - Infestations of unspecified species increasing in feedlots.
Hair from rubbing and scratching being deposited on fences. (Bergman).

CHICKEN MITE (Dermanyssus gallinae) - OKLAHOMA - Becoming damaging to parakeets
in southern portion of State. (Okla. Coop. Sur.).

HOUSEHOLD AND STRUCTURAL INSECTS

A BARK BEETLE (Pseudopityophthorus pubipennis) - CALIFORNIA - Adults heavy
and emerging from lumber in new house in Paradise, Butte County. (Cal. Coop.
Rpt., Dec. 18).

EASTERN SUBTERRANEAN TERMITE (Reticulitermes flavipes) - ALABAMA - Reported
damaging house in Geneva County. (Reynolds).

INDIAN-MEAL MOTH (Plodia interpunctella) -— OKLAHOMA - Several infestations
found in Payne County homes. Okla. Coop. Sur.).

A MOTH FLY (Telmatoscopus albipunctatus) - MARYLAND - Adults appeared in home at
Carrollton, Prince Georges County. U. Md., Ent. Dept.).
STORED-PRODUCT INSECTS

CARROT RUST FLY (Psila rosae) - MICHIGAN - Larvae reported active in carrots in
storage in Lapeer County. (Janes).

KHAPRA BEETLE (Trogoderma granarium) - ARIZONA - Infestation found in commerical
feedlot in Yuma County. This is second infestation on this property this year.
(Ariz. Coop. Sur.).

MISCELLANEOUS INSECTS

FULLER ROSE BEETLE (Pantomorus godmani) - MINNESOTA - Unusual find of 2 adults
reported in greenhouse at University of Minnesota Farm Campus. (Minn. Ins. Rpt.).

A WEEVIL (Conotrachelus seniculus) - NEW MEXICO - Specimens collected in cotton
gin trash in southern Dona Ana County; det. by R. E. Warner. (N.M. Coop. Rpt.,
Dec. 22).

PUMPKIN CATERPILLAR (Diaphania indica) - FLORIDA - Adults taken in Steiner traps
at Avon Park, Highlands County, (Dec. 10), and at St. Petersburg, Pinellas
County, (Dec. 18). (Shively).

A LEAF ROLLER MOTH (Synnoma lynosyrana) —- NEW MEXICO - Larvae defoliating snake-
weed in Socorro County. Det. by D. M. Weisman. (N,M. Coop. Rpt., Dec. 22).

A TERMITE (Prorhinotermes simplex) - FLORIDA —- Adults (winged reproductives)
swarmed at Fisher Island, Miami Beach, Dade County, during December. Det. by
L. A. Hetrick. (Porter).

LIGHT TRAP COLLECTIONS

SOUTH CAROLINA - Charleston (Dec. 14-20) (precipitation 0.16 inches) (temperature
range (°F.) 26-66). Pseudaletia unipuncta (armyworm) 0; Spodoptera frugiperda
(fall armyworm) 0; Prodenia ornithogalli (yellow-striped armyworm) 0; Agrotis
ipsilon (black cutworm) 1; Feltia subterranea (granulate cutworm) 10; Peridroma
Saucia (variegated cutworm) 0; Heliothis zea (corn earworm) 0; H. virescens
(tobacco budworm) 0; Protoparce sexta (tobacco hornworm) 0; P. quadrimaculata
(tomato hornworm) 0; Estigmene acrea (salt-marsh caterpillar) 0; Trichoplusia ni
(cabbage looper) 0.

=f =
STATUS OF THE SCREW-WORM (Cochliomyia hominivorax) IN THE SOUTHWEST

No screw-worm cases were reported in the Southwestern Eradication Area during the
period December 20-26. The last reported infestation was in Atascosa County,
TEXAS, on December 9. No cases have been reported in the United States since that
date. During this period, the Republic of Mexico reported 61 infestations:
Durango 3, Chihuahua 15, Tamaulipas 1, Sonora 38, Coahuila 2, Nuevo Leon 1 and

San Luis Potosi 1. Sterile screw-worm flies released: Texas 18,710,250, New
Mexico 1,920,000, Arizona 4,480,000 and Mexico 55,212,000.

Ratio of Positive Cases

Positive Cases Negative Cases to 100 Cases Negative
Year Current Cumulative Current Cumulative Current Cumulative
Table 1. Comparison of specimens reported during corresponding weeks in

1962 and 1963 in Southwestern Eradication Area.

1962 163 51,068 26 3,148 626.92 1,622.23
1963 16) 6,350 5 7,324 0.00 86.70
1964 6) 238 18 6,192 0.00 3.84

Table 2. Comparison of specimens reported during corresponding weeks and

in a corresponding area in 1963 in the United States-—Mexico
Barrier Zone.*

1963 5 5,982 3 1,424 166.66 420.08
1964 57 4,499 15 2,060 380.00 218.39

Table 2A. Mexican portion of Barrier Zone only.

1963 5 2,096 3 246 166.66 852.03
1964 57 4,254 11 928 518.18 458.40

* Barrier Zone -— Area in Which screw-worm eradication operations are being
carried out in an effort to prevent establishment of self-sustaining screw-
worm population in the United States. (Anim. Dis. Erad. Div.).

ZLOm=
HAWAIIAN INSECT NOTES

The following notes on Hawaii insect conditions were presented at the 708th meet-—
ing of the Hawaiian Entomological Society held on December 14, 1964.

A SCOLYTID (Hypothenemus pubescens Hopkins) was found in Bermuda grass (Cynodon
dactylon) stalks at Keawekapu, Maui, on November 17, by N. Miyahira. It was also
collected in C. maritimus on the outskirts of Lahaina, December 2 and in C.
dactylon at County Beach Park, Molokai, December 3 and at Honolulu on December 7.
This is a new record for the State. The species was determined by Dr. Stephen
Wood. (C. J. Davis).

The NOCTUIDS (Catabena esula Druce and Hypena strigata F.) introduced from
California and East Africa respectively, had a population explosion between
Kanaio and Alena on Maui during November. As a result, about 10,000 acres of
lantana were denuded. This is the most widespread defoliation of lantana on Maui
since 1959, Although a TINGID (Teleonemia scrupulosa Stal was present, its
importance could not be assessed. (C. J. Davis).

A BILLBUG (Sphenophorus venatus vestitus (Chittenden)) was found on December 9
among several hundred specimens of NEW GUINEA SUGARCANE WEEVIL (Rhabdoscelus
obscurus (Boisduval)) sent from Hilo to Honolulu for experimental purposes. Both
species had been trapped together in a pile of split pieces of sugarcane exposed
2 or 3 days on the edge of a cane field. One specimen of S. venatus vestitus had
been observed under similar circumstances on October 12, constituting the first
record of this species on the island of Hawaii. (F. A. Bianchi).

AN ANTHOCORID BUG (Montandoniella moraguesi Puton) has spread to the Diamond
Head area of Honolulu. On at least 1 Ficus retusa, the population of CUBAN-—
LAUREL THRIPS (Gynaikothrips ficorum) appeared to be greatly reduced because of
the predation of M. moraguesi. (F. A. Bianchi).

Three larvae Of a MOSQUITO (Toxorhynchites amboinensis (Doleschall)) were collected
by J. Duarte on October 21, 1964, in an aircraft spare fuel tank in Halawa

Valley, Molokai. Although periodic réleases of this species have been made in
Hawaii from 1950-1957, it was apparently misidentified as T. splendens (Wiedemann) ,
according to Dr. John N. Belkin. This is a new island record. T. brevipalpis
(Theobald) , also released from 1950-1957, was found by J. Duarte at Hana, Maui,
September 10 and 11, 1964. He collected 5 pupae from which adults were reared.
Maui is a new island record for this species. (G. Komatsu).

Large numbers of CONVERGENT LADY BEETLE (Hippodamia convergens Guérin—Meneville)
were found at elevation of 13,612 feet on Mauna Kea, Hawaii, by E. Yoshioka,
September 25, 1964. This is the second recovery for this species on the island
of Hawaii. Previously, it was recovered only on Maui when J. Beardsley collected
it on Haleakala Crater, July 28, 1964. (M. Chong).

A PIT SCALE (Asterolecanium miliaris robustum Green) a new record for the State,
was collected on bamboo foliage along Kokee Road, Kauai, November 4, 1960, and in
Honolulu, April 11, 1963, Det. by L. M. Russell. (J. W. Beardsley).

= On

Boll Weevil Hibernation Surveys in North and South Carolina, Alabama,
Mississippi and Texas —- Fall 1964

The fall collections of surface ground (woods) trash samples (two square yards per
sample) have been completed in 5 Southern States by State and Federal agencies to
determine the number of boll weevil (Anthonomus grandis) adults that went into
hibernation. A total of 3 samples was collected at each location in the States
included. In North and South Carolina, 30 locations were sampled, with the number
of counties per area from which samples were taken varying from 3 to 4. In
Alabama, the 1964 collections represent the first hibernation survey conducted in
that State in recent years. Three samples were taken from each of 10 farms in
Morgan (north), 10 farms in Henry (southeast), 4 farms in Dallas (central) and

4 farms in Tuscaloosa (west) Counties. The 4 counties represent a wide variation
of climatic conditions within the State. A total of 84 samples was taken. In
Mississippi, 90 samples were taken with either 7 or 8 locations being sampled

in the 4 areas. In Texas, 75 samples were taken, with either 6 or 7 locations
being sampled in each of 4 counties.

Average counts (live weevils per acre) exceeded those of 1963 in all comparable
areas except the North Delta area of Mississippi. In this area, the number of
weevils per acre was 3,546 compared with 5,132 in 1963.

In Florence County, South Carolina, the number of weevils per acre (17,808) is
the highest on record and is 2.5 times the average for the 22 years such
examinations haye been made. This is the fifth consecutive year in which over
10,000 weevils per acre have been found in fall examinations in this county.

In Alabama, there have been very high weevil counts in all parts of the State for
several years until the spring and summer of 1963; however, no hibernation
survival counts are available during recent years for comparison.

In Mississippi, the State average was 4,545 weevils per acre found in ground
trash examinations, as compared with 3,010 in 1963, 6,213 in 1962, 8,403 in 1961,
14,502 in 1960 and 5,127 in 1959.

The area average of 4,406 boll weevils per acre in the fall of 1964 in central
Texas compares with averages of 517 in 1963, 1,781 in 1962, 4,114 in 1961, 4,501

in 1960 and 6,631 in 1959. The sharp increase in numbers of boll weevils entering
hibernation quarters in the fall of 1964 was due primarily to late stalk destruction
and farm cleanup. Rains in September caused regrowth and heavy fruiting of cotton
plants and many growers over the area left stalks until after frost in the hope

of making a top crop. Heavy infestations of weevils built up in these fields and
moved into hibernation quarters. (H. M. Taft, A. R. Hopkins, F. McQueen,

T. R. Pfrimmer, C. B. Cowan).

See Table and Map on following two pages.

STNG TS

BOLL WEEVIL HIBERNATION SURVEYS - FALL

Area (County and State)

NORTH AND SOUTH CAROLINA

South Central South Carolina (Orangeburg, Bamberg and
Dorchester Counties).

Coastal Plain of South and North Carolina (Florence,
Darlington and Marlboro Counties, §.C.; Scotland
County NEG

North Central North Carolina (Franklin, Nash, Wilson
and Edgecombe Counties).

ALABAMA

Henry County
Dallas County
Tuscaloosa County
Morgan County
MISSISSIPPI

Lower Delta (Sharkey, Issaquena, Yazoo and Humphreys
Counties (area 1)).

Central Delta (Washington, Bolivar, Sunflower and
Leflore Counties (area 2)).

North Delta (Coahoma, Tunica, Quitman and Panola
Counties (area 3)).

Hill Section (Holmes, Madison, Noxubee and Monroe
Counties (area 4)).

TEXAS

Central (Falls, Hill, Limestone and McLennan Counties),

1964

Numb

1963

517

er of Weevils
Per Acre
1964

6,236

5,361

3,546

3,036

4,406

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RIMENT OF AGRICULTURE
4

AGRICULTURAL RESEARCH SERVICE

PLANT PEST CONTROL DIVISION

SURVEY AND DETECTION OPERATIONS

The Cooperative Economic Insect Report is issued
weekly as a service to American Agriculture. Its contents
are compiled from information supplied by cooperating State,
Federal, and industrial entomologists and other agricultural
workers. In releasing this material the Division serves as
a clearing house and does roi assume responsibility for ac-
curacy of the material.

All correspondence pertaining to additions, dele-
tions and changes of addresses for the mailing
list for this report should be sent to:

Service Operations Division
Office of Plant and Operations
United States Department of Agriculture
Washington, D. C. 20250

Reports and inquiries pertaining to this release
should be mailed to:

Survey and Detection Operations
Plant Pest Control Division
Agricultural Research Service
United States Department of Agriculture
Federal Center Building
Hyattsville, Maryland 20781

Volume 15 January 8, 1965 Number 2

COOPERATIVE ECONOMIC INSECT REPORT

HIGHLIGHTS

CALIFORNIA RED SCALE heavy on orange trees at locations in Yolo and Sutter
Counties, adults of a LEAFHOPPER (Empoasca arida) heavy on same host in Orange
County, and OLIVE SCALE heavy on prune in Sutter County, all in California.
(p. 15) ° i

DETECTION

New State records reported included a COSMOPTERIGID MOTH (Limnaecia phagmitella)
from Delaware (p. 17) and 4 species on ANTS (Crematogaster minutissima
missouriensis, Pheidole bicarinata, Pheidole morrisii morrisii, Trachymyrmex
septentrionalis obscurior) from Arkansas (p. 18). A new county record reported
was a JUNIPER TWIG GIRDLER (Periploca nigra) from Ventura County, California.
(p. 16).

CORRECTIONS
See page 18
SPECIAL REPORTS

Highlights of the Occurrence of Insects and Other Arthropods in Canada, 1964.
(pp. 19-21). ARMYWORM outbreak in Eastern Canada first since 1954. Continued
infestation of PALE WESTERN CUTWORM during 1965 in Alberta and Saskatchewan
Provinces forecast. First records of FACE FLY in Western Canada reported in
Manitoba.

Status of the Screw-worm in the Southwest. (p. 21).
Status of the European Corn Borer in 1964. (pp. 22-28). General abundance in
North Central States slightly less than in 1963 on the average. Considerable

increases in populations, however, noted in portions of Iowa, Kansas and Missouri.
Decreases noted in areas of Nebraska, South Dakota, North Dakota and Minnesota.

Reports in this issue are for week ending January 1, unless otherwise indicated.

Sgt

WEATHER BUREAU'S 30-DAY OUTLOOK

JANUARY 1965

The Weather Bureau's 30-day outlook for January calls for temperatures to average
above seasonal normals over the eastern third of the Nation as well as over the
Southern Plains. Below normal averages are anticipated for the west coast States,
northern and western portions of the Plateau Region, and the northern Plains.

In unspecified areas near normal temperatures are in prospect. Precipitation is
expected to exceed normal over the Mississippi and Ohio Valleys, the lower Great
Lakes Region, and the western quarter of the Nation. Subnormal amounts are

called for over western portions of the southern and central Plains as well as

the extreme southeast. Elsewhere, near normal amounts are predicted.

Weather forecast given here is based on the official 30-day "Resume and Outlook"
published twice a month by the Weather Bureau. You can subscribe through the
Superintendent of Documents, Washington, D. C., 20250. Price $5.00 a year.

9K 2c 3 2k 2g > i 2k 2K 2K ok 2

WEATHER OF THE WEEK ENDING JANUARY 4

Precipitation continued in the flood-stricken Far West but with diminishing
amounts. Elsewhere precipitation was widespread but with snow only in the
extreme north and in the mountains. Temperatures were very low in Montana but
mild in the central and southeast portions of the country.

TEMPERATURE: Arctic air continued its grip over the northern Great Plains where
Cut Bank, Montana, had below zero temperatures until Thursday. In much of
Montana and some neighboring areas, temperatures have averaged from 10° to 30°
below normal during 4 of the last 5 weekly periods. Areas west of the Rockies
were 10° to 20° colder than during the previous week while the upper Mississippi
Valley was warmer. The central South and the Southeast continued the mild
pattern of the previous week,

PRECIPITATION: Precipitation was widespread and frequent and fell mostly as

rain except for snow in the western mountains and in the northern one-quarter of
the country. Precipitation in the Far West and Northwest was substantial but

not excessive for this time of year. The principal dry area extended from eastern
New Mexico and northwestern Texas northward through Nebraska while additional
large areas had less than 0.25 inch of precipitation. Beneficial rains continued
in Illinois, Indiana, and Ohio and there was rain also to the South.

SNOWFALL: While the snowpack continues to grow at a favorable rate in the Sierras
and other mountains of the Far West, there has been comparatively less snowfall

in the Rockies and along the Continental Divide. The mountains of Washington

have snow depths up to 100 to 140 inches at elevations above 3,000 feet. Snow
cover has become rather general in New York State and upper New England and
continues from the upper Great Lakes area westward through the Dakotas and
Montana. Snowfall so far this season has been deficient throughout the Corn

Belt and eastward to the Middle Atlantic States. Soil freezing in this area has
probably been less than average due to recurrent warm spells or breaks in the
cold. (Summary supplied by U. S. Weather Bureau).

Sy ees

CEREAL AND FORAGE INSECTS

GREENBUG (Schizaphis graminum) - OKLAHOMA - Averaged 2 per linear foot in oats
in Marshall County, 15 in Kingfisher County, and 1.5 in Jefferson County.

Ranged 3-15 per linear foot in wheat in Kingfisher, Major and Garfield Counties.
(Okla. Coop. Sur.).

CORN LEAF APHID (Rhopalosiphum maidis) - OKLAHOMA - Averaged one per linear foot
in oats and wheat in Marshall and Jefferson Counties; ranged 5-10 per linear
foot in wheat in Kingfisher, Major and Garfield Counties. (Okla. Coop. Sur.).

APPLE GRAIN APHID (Rhopalosiphum fitchii) - OKLAHOMA - Averaged 6 per linear foot
in oats in Marshall County, and one per linear foot in wheat in Major County.
(Okla. Coop. Sur.).

ENGLISH GRAIN APHID (Macrosiphum avenae) - OKLAHOMA - Averaged 2-3 per linear
foot in oats in Marshall and Jefferson Counties and 4-5 per linear foot in wheat
in Major and Kingfisher Counties. (Okla. Coop. Sur.).

SOUTHWESTERN CORN BORER (Zeadiatraea grandiosella) - OKLAHOMA - Heavy in corn
stalks in Harmon County. (Okla. Coop. Sur.).

WINTER GRAIN MITE (Penthaleus major) - OKLAHOMA - Reported in oats and barley
in Kingfisher County. (Okla. Coop. Sur.).

A GELECHIID MOTH (Chionodes psiloptera) - WASHINGTON - Larvae heavy in grass
seed fields near Rockford, Spokane County. (Harwood).

GRASSHOPPERS - OKLAHOMA - Unidentified nymphs reported in meadow in Pawnee
County. (Okla. Coop. Sur.).

A WEEVIL (Hypera brunneipennis) - ARIZONA - Continues to appear in alfalfa in
Yuma County. Few found in fields near Kyrene, Maricopa County. (Ariz. Coop.
Sur.).

GREEN PEACH APHID (Myzus persicae) - ARIZONA - Small numbers present in alfalfa
in the Parker area, Yuma County. (riz. (Coop. (Sur):

PEA APHID (Acyrthosiphon pisum) - WASHINGTON - Averaged 5 per sweep, mostly
second and third instars, on alfalfa in Walla Walla and Benton Counties,
(Halfhill).

FRUIT INSECTS

CALIFORNIA RED SCALE (Aonidiella aurantii) - CALIFORNIA - Heavy on orange trees
at Woodland, Yolo County, and at Yuba City, Sutter County. (Cal. Coop. Rpt.).

OLIVE SCALE (Parlatoria oleae) - CALIFORNIA - Heavy on leaves and twigs of prune
at Yuba City, Sutter County. (Cal. Coop. Rpt.).

A LEAFHOPPER (Empoasca arida) - CALIFORNIA - Adults heavy on orange trees at
Irvine, Orange County. (Cal. Coop. Rpt.).

HICKORY SHUCKWORM (Laspeyresia caryana) - OKLAHOMA - Light in pecan shucks in
Payne County. (Okla. Coop. Sur.).

TRUCK CROP INSECTS

CABBAGE APHID (Brevicoryne brassicae) - ALABAMA - Light to heavy on cabbage and

collards; few adults and larvae of Hippodamia convergens (convergent lady beetle)
feeding on aphids. (Barwood).

ST Gi

FOREST, ORNAMENTAL AND SHADE TREE INSECTS

NANTUCKET PINE TIP MOTH (Rhyacionia frustrana) - OKLAHOMA - Field dissection of
untreated trees in Payne County revealed 25 percent of all damaged tips infested
with live pupae. All other damaged tips contained dead pupae or larvae. (Okla.
Coop. Sur.).

A BARK BEETLE (Pityophthorus sp.) - NEW MEXICO - Light on ponderosa pine near
Vallecitos, Rio Arriba County. (N.M. Coop. Rpt.).

SMALLER EUROPEAN ELM BARK BEETLE (Scolytus multistriatus) - NEW MEXICO - Damaging
American elm trees at Artesia, Eddy County, and American elm nursery stock at
Albuquerque, Bernalillo County. (N.M. Coop. Rpt.).

A CLEARWING MOTH (Paranthrene robiniae) - CALIFORNIA - Larvae heavy in trunk of
California sycamore at El Cajon, San Diego County. (Cal. Coop. Rpt.).

A JUNIPER TWIG GIRDLER (Periploca nigra) - CALIFORNIA - Larvae and pupae heavy
in twigs of junipers at Newbury Park, Ventura County. (Cal. Coop. Rpt.). This
is a new county record. (PPC).

A BUPRESTID BEETLE (Chae ophers virginiensis) - FLORIDA - Adults light on one
percent of 5,000 gardenias Gandenta jasminoides) at Apopka, Orange County.
(Musgrove, Dec, 14). =

A BARK BEETLE (Xylosandrus compactus) - FLORIDA - Taken on stem of flowering dog-
wood (Cornus florida) at Cresent City, Putnam County. (A. E. Graham, Dec. 16).

A CERAMBYCID BEETLE (Leptostylus tuberculatus) - FLORIDA - Adults light on Rosa
sp. at Ocala, Marion County. Robertson

COTTONY-CUSHION SCALE (Icerya purchasi) - ARIZONA - Few infestations noted on
pittosporum in Phoenix area, Maricopa County. Only few live specimens found due
to presence of Rodolia cardinalis (vedalia). (Ariz. Coop. Sur.).

Coccids in Florida - Aspidiotus cyanophylli adults moderate on leaves of bottle-
brush (Callistemon sp.) at Marathon Shores, and all stages of A. spinosus light
on stem, leaves and blooms of loquat (Eriobotrya japonica) at Marathon, Monroe
County. (Dowling, Knowles, Dec. 16). All stages of A. lataniae moderate on
stem of azalea at Cypress Gardens, Polk County. All stages of Pseudoparlatoria
parlatorioides severe on leaves of Tibouchina sp. at same location; this is a
new host record for the Florida Division of Plant Industry. (Burnett, J. C.
Denmark, Norton, Seymour; Dec. 17). All stages of Phenacaspis cockerelli severe
on English ivy (Hedera helix) at Ocoee, Orange County. (Griffith, Dec. 17).

AN ERIOPHYID MITE (Floracarus sp.) - FLORIDA - Localized on leaves of Ilex glabra
at Fruitland, Putnam County. Det. by H. H. Keifer. (Graham, Dec. 10).

INSECTS AFFECTING MAN AND ANIMALS

CATTLE LICE - UTAH - Becoming more troublesome in some herds in eastern Box Elder
County (Knowlton); increasing in Carbon County (Knowlton, Horne).

FLEAS (Ctenocephalides spp.) - OKLAHOMA - Heavy on dogs in Creek County. (Okla.
Coop. Sur,

HOUSEHOLD AND STRUCTURAL INSECTS

SAW-TOOTHED GRAIN BEETLE (Oryzaephilus surinamensis) - OKLAHOMA - Reported
infesting stored food products in Payne County home. (Okla. Coop. Sur.).

Sg =

BOXELDER BUG (Leptocoris trivittatus) - MARYLAND - A nuisance on a property at
Towson, Baltimore County. (U. Md., Ent. Dept., Dec. 26).

EARWIGS - ARIZONA - Still a pest in homes in Maricopa and Pinal Counties,
especially during very cool weather. (Ariz. Coop. Sur.). ALABAMA - Adults
numerous and annoying in lawns and gardens throughout Lee County. (Barwood).

BLACK CRICKETS - UTAH - Common in basements of homes and school in Clarkston,
Cache County. (Knowlton).

MILLIPEDS - MARYLAND - Undetermined species have appeared in homes in Prince
Georges and Queen Annes Counties. (U. Md., Ent. Dept.).

A SUBTERRANEAN TERMITE (Reticulitermes tibialis) - NEW MEXICO - Heavy infesta-
tions found at Roswell, Chaves County, early during 1964 identified as this
species by T. E, Snyder. (N.M. Coop. Rpt.).

STORED-PRODUCT INSECTS

SAW-TOOTHED GRAIN BEETLE (Oryzaephilus surinamensis) - FLORIDA - Found in stored
pistachio nuts (Pistacia vera) at Pensacola, Escambia County (T. W. Boyd,

Dec. 11); in boxes of pancake flour at Ocala, Marion County (W. O. Robertson,
Dec. 24); and in sacks of wheat hulls at Winter Garden, Orange County (R. J.
Griffith).

CIGARETTE BEETLE (Lasioderma serricorne) - FLORIDA - At Winter Haven, Polk County,
adults taken on stored cottonseed meal (Risk, Dec. 24) and on stored cottonseed
protein (West).

A DERMESTID BEETLE (Trogoderma parabile) - CALIFORNIA - Larvae heavy in farm-
stored grain and vegetable seed at Blythe, Riverside County. (Cal. Coop. Rpt.).

CADELLE (Tenebroides mauritanicus) - OKLAHOMA - Moderate numbers found in stored
wheat in Mayes County. (Okla. Coop. Sur.).

A WEEVIL (Ceutorhynchus convexicollis) - NEW MEXICO - Noted in farm-stored wheat
near Clovis, Curry County. Det. by G. B. Vogt. (N.M. Coop. Rpt.).

A BRUCHID (Bruchus sp.) - FLORIDA - Found in stored grain at Crescent City,
Putnam County. (A. E. Graham, Dec. 17).

BENEFICIAL INSECTS

LADY BEETLES - ARIZONA - Rodolia cardinalis (vedalia) controlled cottony-cushion
scale (Icerya purchasi) on pittosporum in the Phoenix area, Maricopa County.
(Ariz. Coop. Sur.). ALABAMA - Hippodamia convergens (convergent lady beetle)
adults and larvae feeding on Brevicoryne brassicae (cabbage aphid) in cabbage
and collard fields. (Barwood).

GREEN LACEWINGS (Chrysopa spp.) - OKLAHOMA - Averaged 0.75 per linear foot in
wheat in Jefferson County, and 1.5 per linear foot in oats in Marshall County.
Moderate on pine trees in Payne County throughout December. (Okla. Coop. Sur.).

MISCELLANEOUS INSECTS
A COSMOPTERIGID MOTH (Limnaecia phagmitella) - DELAWARE - Adults collected at

light by D. F. Bray at Newark, New Castle County, on July 1, 1963. This is a
new State record. Det. by R. W. Hodges. (Burbutis).

> iso

IMPORTED FIRE ANT (Solenopsis saevissima richteri) - ALABAMA - Flight observed
in Lee County, where daytime temperature was 70 degrees. (Barwood).

Ants in Arkansas - Special ant survey conducted during 1964. Total of 306 ant
collections made; 5 subfamilies, 19 genera and 38 species represented. New

State records were Crematogaster minutissima missouriensis Emery, Pheidole
bicarinata Mayr, Pheidole morrisii morrisii Forel and Trachymyrmex septentrionalis
obscurior (Wheeler). This brings to 77 the total number of ant species known to
occur in the State. (Ark. Ins. Sur.).

CORRECTIONS

CEIR 14(41) :1136 - Under Plant bugs - Megalocerola recticornis should read
Megaloceraea recticornis,

CEIR 14(52):1305 - FLORIDA - Alfalfa 12-24 inches should read 12-14 inches.

CEIR 14(52):1309 - A PYRALID MOTH (Aglossa cuprealis) should read Aglossa
caprealis.

CEIR 15(1):7 - LIGHT TRAP COLLECTIONS - End of line 2 from bottom - P. quadri-
maculata should read P. quinquemaculata.

BLACKLIGHT TRAP COLLECTIONS

FLORIDA - Gainesville (Dec. 12) - Feltia subterranea (granulate cutworm) 3;

Agrotis ipsilon (black cutworm) 1; Peridroma saucia (variegated cutworm) 1;
Pseudaletia unipuncta (armyworm) 1.

GEORGIA - Tifton (Dec. 10-16; temperature range 30-71° F.; precipitation 0.8
inch) (Dec. 17-23; temperature range 29-71; precipitation 0.5 inch) - No
specimens of the following collected during either period: Heliothis zea (corn
earworm), H. virescens (tobacco budworm) , Protoparce quinquemaculata (tomato
hornworm) , P. sexta (tobacco hornworm) .

SOUTH CAROLINA - Charleston (Dec. 21-27) (precipitation 0.73 inch) (temperature
range 34-69° F.) - Pseudaletia unipuncta 3, Agrotis ipsilon 4, Feltia subterranea
11; Spodoptera frugiperda (fall armyworm) , Prodenia ornithogalli (yellow-striped
armyworm) , Peridroma saucia, Heliothis zea, H. virescens, Protoparce sexta, P.
quinquemaculata, EStigmene acrea (salt-marsh caterpillar) and Trichoplusia ni
(cabbage looper) all zero. ae

= If) =

HIGHLIGHTS OF THE OCCURRENCE OF INSECTS AND OTHER ARTHROPODS
IN CANADA, 1964

C. Graham MacNay

The following are some of the more important records of arthropod pests in
Canada in 1964.

In the Prairie Provinces, generally, GRASSHOPPERS were less numerous and less
injurious than in 1963. In Alberta, fairly large numbers occurred south and
east of Lethbridge, but the amount of insecticide used in the Provinces was
only one-quarter that of 1963. In agricultural areas of Saskatchewan, the
smallest population in many years, reduced 21 percent in numbers and 20 per-
cent in area of infestation compared with 1963, caused only minor, marginal
defoliation. Entomophthora sp., a fungus, was virtually absent, but in

eastern areas, larvae of Sarcophaga sp. (a sarcophagid fly) killed many adults.
In Manitoba, a grasshopper adult survey indicated an increase in the area of
infestation of approximately 1,000 square miles and a two-fold increase in
severity, in comparison with conditions in 1963. Timely rains and good growing
conditions minimized damage, but some head clipping and leaf stripping occurred
in heavily infested areas.

In the lower Fraser Valley, British Columbia, VARIEGATED CUTWORM (Peridroma
saucia) severely infested sugar beet seed crops. In Alberta, infestation by
PALE WESTERN CUTWORM (Agrotis orthogonia) was the most widespread in 15 years,
southern areas being most severely affected. In Saskatchewan, most damage
occurred in south central and west central areas, but was considerably less
than in 1963. Continued infestation in 1965 in both Provinces is forecast.
Damage by RED-BACKED CUTWORM (Euxoa ochrogaster) was light in both Provinces
and ARMY CUTWORM (Chorizagrotis auxiliaris) , widely distributed in unusual
outbreak numbers in 1963, was not reported. Local outbreaks of BERTHA ARMYWORM
(Mamestra configurata) occurred again in the Vermilion area of Alberta.

In Manitoba, ARMYWORM (Pseudaletia unipuncta) was recorded for the first time
since 1954, but infestation was limited to a couple of fields. In Eastern
Canada, however, an outbreak occurred, the first since 1954, Control measures
were widely employed and parasitism was generally high. Damage in Ontario,
mainly to oats, mixed grain, and corn, ranged up to 50 percent in some plantings;
but even in extreme southwestern areas, the most severely infested, total losses
did not exceed 2 percent. A survey in Quebec revealed infestation in 47
counties, the greatest numbers being in the Eastern Townships. Damage, mainly
to oats, was generally spotty, but severe in local areas. In New Brunswick,
infestation was moderate to severe and crop losses ranged to 100 percent in

some areas where insecticides were not applied. In Nova Scotia, infestation

was generally severe and damage, chiefly to oats, was extensive. Ina few
areas, a polyhedrosis virus was prevalent. In Prince Edward Island, most

severe infestations occurred in central and eastern areas. Spotty damage

ranged to 80 percent in some fields, but overall losses were light. In
Newfoundland, severe infestations reduced stands of timothy hay and oats up

to 50 percent in some areas.

In southwestern Ontario, unusually large numbers of CUTWORMS, other than army-
worm, caused extensive damage to corn, sugar beets, white beans, soybeans and
tobacco, Early cabbage, cucumbers and tomatoes were commonly damaged in the
Province.

In west central Alberta and the Peace River area, many wheat and barley crops
appeared patchy because of broken stalks. Pupae found within the stems and in
depressions at the base of leaf sheaths on the outside were identified as
Syrphidae (probably Syrphus sp.) which were associated with large populations
of aphids. In the Parairie Provinces, WHEAT STEM SAWFLY (Cephus cinctus)

—) 20)

caused the most damage in many years, marginal damage ranging up to 50-80 per-
cent in Saskatchewan. HESSIAN FLY. (Phytophaga destructor), much less numerous
than in 1963, caused little damage. In a survey of northern and eastern
Saskatchewan, a BARLEY THRIPS (Limothrips denticornis) was found in every field
of barley examined but damage was negligible. In northeastern areas, seedling
rape was severely injured by FLEA BEETLES. DIAMONDBACK MOTH (Plutella
maculipennis) , widely distributed on rape, caused little significant injury.
SWEETCLOVER WEEVIL (Sitona cylindricollis) severely defoliated seedling clover
adjacent to second-year stands in many areas, In Manitoba, WHEAT STEM MAGGOT
(Meromyza americana) increased considerably, causing up to 3 percent damage in
some fields of wheat. In southwestern Ontario, GREEN CLOVERWORM (Plathypena
scabra) fed heavily on white beans and soybeans. On corn, CORN LEAF APHID
(Rhopalosiphum maidis) was abundant; NORTHERN CORN ROOTWORM (Diabrotica
longicornis) waS numerous, causing some damage; and EUROPEAN CORN BORER
(Ostrinia nubilalis), with a few exceptions, caused very little damage. In
Prince Edward Island, BARLEY JOINTWORM (Harmolita hordei) was scarce.

In the lower Fraser Valley, British Columbia, ROOT MAGGOTS on cruciferous
vegetables and onions, and CARROT RUST FLY (Psila rosae) on carrots, caused
major crop losses, mainly because of insecticide resistance. PEA APHID
(Acyrthosiphon pisum) was abundant and at Cloverdale NORTHERN ROOT-KNOT
NEMATODE (Meloidogyne hapla) was found on carrots. In the Kamloops area,
EUROPEAN EARWIG (Forficula auricularia) was unusually numerous and GARDEN
SYMPHYLAN (Scutigerella immaculata) damaged strawberry and vegetables in a local
garden, the first record in the interior of the Province, GREEN PEACH APHID
(Myzus persicae) was scarce and associated leaf roll of potatoes at lowest
incidence in 4 years. In the Williams Lake and Quesnel areas, TUBER FLEA

BEETLE (Epitrix tuberis) continuted to spread. In the Prairie Provinces, major
garden pests included DIAMONDBACK MOTH, IMPORTED CABBAGEWORM (Pieris rapae),
ROOT MAGGOTS (Hylemya spp.) and FLEA BEETLES, In market gardens in Winnipeg,
Manitoba, GRAY GARDEN SLUG (Deroceras reticulatum) was a major pest. In
Ontario, severe damage was caused by ROOT MAGGOTS (Hylemya spp.) in late cabbage
and rutabagas, SEED-CORN MAGGOT (H. platura) in corn and field beans, and by
MEXICAN BEAN BEETLE (Epilachna varivestis) , which continued to spread northward,
For the first time, damage to rutabagas Dy FLEA BEETLE larvae was of economic
proportions in southwestern areas of Ontario and Quebec. In the latter area,
too, unusual damage to onions by ONION THRIPS (Thrips tabaci) was recorded, a
red-headed FLEA BEETLE (Systena frontalis) was abundant on lettuce, and WIREWORM
damage to potatoes was unusually light. In New Brunswick, CABBAGE MAGGOT
(Hylemya brassicae) severely damaged late cabbage and cauliflower and POTATO
STEM BORER (Hydroecia micacea) injured rhubarb. In Prince Edward Island, turnips,
for the first time, were extensively attacked by PURPLE-BACKED CABBAGEWORM
(Evergestis pallidata). Potato pests were scarce. In Newfoundland, SLUGS in
gardens and CABBAGE MAGGOT in cruciferous crops were very injurious.

In the lower Fraser Valley, British Columbia, a LEAF ROLLER (Dasystoma
salicellum) , first recorded in 1958, had become a major pest of blueberry, and

a ROOT WEEVIL (Trachyphloeus bifoveolatus) extensively damaged a planting of
strawberries. In the Okanagan Valley, PEAR PSYLLA (Psylla pyricola), difficult
to control, was quite injurious and was recorded for the first time on Vancouver
Island in an infestation near Victoria. Also on the Island, harvested logan-
berries were infested by larvae of ORANGE TORTRIX (Argyrotaenia citrana) and
ripe strawberries by OMNIVOROUS LEAF TIER (Cnephasia longana). In Manitoba,
SPIDER MITES were unusually injurious to raspberry and strawberry: In unusual
abundance in southwestern Ontario were APPLE APHID (Aphis pomi) on apple
generally, CECROPIA MOTH (Hyalophora cecropia) on various hosts, and FRUIT FLIES
(Rhagoletis spp.) in cherry in the Niagara Peninsula, EUROPEAN RED MITE
(Panonychus ulmi) was unusually scarce, except on plum, in the Niagara Peninsula,
but in Norfolk County, populations were the largest on record. On strawberry,
TARNISHED PLANT BUG (Lygus lineolaris) and CYCLAMEN MITE (Steneotarsonemus
pallidus) were common, In southwestern Quebec, WOOLLY APPLE APHID (Eriosoma
Tanigerum) , normally a minor pest, was generally abundant. MITES, OYSTERSHELL

SPL iS

SCALE (Lepidosaphes ulmi), APPLE MAGGOT (Rhagoletis pomonella) and a LEAF BLOTCH
MINER (Lithocolletis blancardella) were major orchard pests. In Nova Scotia,
adults of STRAWBERRY ROOT WEEVIL (Brachyrhinus ovatus), in an unusual infesta-
tion, stripped the bark and foliage from several acres of newly budded apple
trees,

Other occurrences of note included: In British Columbia, outbreaks of TICK
PARALYSIS in cattle, involving many fatalities, and 2 cases in humans, one fatal;
on Vancouver Island, severe infestations of a BUD MOTH (Rhopobota naevana ilici-—
foliana) on holly; in Manitoba, first records of FACE FLY (Musca autumnalis)

in Western Canada, and in the Lyleton area, severe infestations of FALL CANKER-
WORM (Alsophila pometaria); in Ontario, adaptation of LESSER MEALWORM (Alphitobius
diaperinus) to “deep litter" practices recently adopted by poultrymen; in Ontario
and Quebec, unusual damage by larvae of MOURNING-CLOAK BUTTERFLY (Nymphalis
antiopa), and live adults of a WEEVIL (Cleonus piger) numerous on bagged field
beans in Quebec and in combined oats in the Niagara Peninsula; in Eastern Canada,
LARDER BEETLE (Dermestes lardarius) increasingly abundant in dwellings infested
by FACE FLY and CLUSTER FLY (Pollenia rudis).

STATUS OF THE SCREW-WORM (Cochliomyia hominivorax) IN THE SOUTHWEST

No cases of screw-worm were reported in the Southwestern Eradication Area nor in
ARIZONA during the period December 27, 1964-January 2, 1965. Total of 52 cases
was reported in the Republic of Mexico: Sonora 44, Chihuahua 4, Durango 2, and

1 each in Tamaulipas and San Luis Potosi. Sterile screw-worm flies released: Texas
23,554,250, New Mexico 2,720,000, Arizona 4,960,000, and 50,372,000 in Mexico,

Ratio of Positive Cases
Positive Cases Negative Cases to 100 Cases Negative

Year Current Cumulative Current Cumulative Current Cumulative

Table 1. Comparison of specimens reported during corresponding weeks in
1963 and 1964 in Southwestern Eradication Area.

1963 6 6 18 18 33.33 33.33
1964 10) 0 16 16 0.0 0.0
1965 0 10) 45 45 0.0 0.0

Table 2. Comparison of specimens reported during corresponding weeks and
in a corresponding area in 1964 in the United States-Mexico
Barrier Zone.*

1964 28 28 7 7 400.00 400.00
1965 49 49 14 14 350.00 350.00

Table 2A. Mexican portion of Barrier Zone only.

1964 28 28 3 3 933.33 93333
1965 49 49 4 4 1,225.00 1,225.00
* Barrier Zone - Area in which screw-worm eradication operations are being

carried out in an effort to prevent establishment of self-sustaining screw-
worm population in the United States. (Anim. Dis. Erad. Div.).

= Bs
1/
STATUS OF THE EUROPEAN CORN BORER IN 1964—

Introduction: Cooperating agricultural agencies in 15 States reported on surveys
conducted in their States to determine the abundance and distribution of European
corn borer (Ostrinia nubilalis (Hiubner)) in 1964. All survey data, summaries or
records of field observations were submitted to Survey and Detection Operations
in Hyattsville, Maryland, for final processing. Personnel of Entomology Research
Division, Agricultural Research Service, kindly reviewed the material after
completion.

The 1964 European corn borer survey was conducted during the late summer and fall
of the year. The survey is designed to measure the fall population of European
corn borer larvae and is conducted during a time to include a high percentage of
late instars, wherever possible. In all cases, except for some minor differences
in compiling data, the accepted survey methods were followed. The survey was
continued on a district basis whenever possible in 1964. A district is usually

a group of counties within a State, in most cases based on Crop Reporting Districts.

New Distribution: European corn borer was reported for the first time from only
5 new counties during 1964 according to ARS records; however, these new counties
were found in States already known to be infested. This was a considerable
decrease from the number of new counties reported the previous year; 25 new
counties were reported in 1963. This compares with 4 new counties reported in
G62) low iny LOGIE Guin: OGO Nandy Sy ins 5 9)

The new counties reported infested during 1964 were Talladega County, Alabama;
Franklin County, Georgia; and Durham, Jones and New Hanover Counties, North
Carolina.

Abundance: The general abundance of European corn borer larvae in the North
Central States was slightly less than in 1963 on the average. The number of
borers per 100 plants averaged 82 in 1964 compared with 113 in 1963. Considerable
increases in populations, however, were noted in north-northcentral and south-—
southcentral Indiana, southeast, southwest and northwest Iowa, northeast and east
central Kansas, and in northwest and particularly southeast Missouri. The greatest
increase in borer population was in the southeastern part of Missouri where the
average number of borers per 100 plants was 745 compared with 223 in 1963. Popu-
lation levels in Illinois were highest in the northwest and west districts, with

a decrease in the northeast; counts over the State were slightly less than in
1963. A considerable decrease in borer numbers was noted in northeast Nebraska,
with a general decrease occurring over the State; decreases also were noted in
southeast South Dakota and southeast North Dakota, Noticeable decreases were
encountered in west central, southwest and south central Minnesota during the

1964 survey. In only 4 districts in the North Central States were counts over

200 borers per 100 plants. These districts were as follows: Iowa - District IV
(224), District X (208), District XII (203); Missouri - District IX (745).

Populations continued below 100 borers per 100 plants in the Eastern States
reporting, although some increase was noted in Delaware, particularly in Sussex
County. In Arkansas, the European corn borer population increased slightly,
especially in the northeast.

1/ Survey data provided by State agricultural agencies. Data compiled and
summarized by Survey and Detection Operations, Plant Pest Control Division,
Agricultural Research Service, United States Department of Agriculture.

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Table 2 — European Corn Borer Abundance in Corn,
Fall of 1964, Compared with Data for 1963

Sita te ale nn ED AVierares Namber-minmSitaitcmilNn tn ——~ aii i-nnnOAVernacemNanber-
(Districts :of Borers Per : (Districts :of Borers Per :
or Counties) v2 LOO>Pilanitsias or Counties) 2. JOO; Tantsians:
21963 1964: 21963 1964:
Arkansas Iowa
(Ark. Ins. Sur.) (State Dept. of Agr.;
Ext. Ser.; Ent. Dept,
Northwest 10 ial Iowa State Univ.; ENT,
North Central 11 10 ARS, USDA)
Nor theast 12 62
East Central 19 37 District I 279 165
District II 227 Til
Average 13 30 DUS ECG otek 54 108
District IV 185 224
District Vv 263 142
Delaware District VI 86 103
(Agr. Expt. Sta. District VII 181 174
S B ) District VIII 73 135
Kent 94 65 District IX 179 145
New Castle 66 51 District x 119 208
Sussex 72 177 District XI 106 150
mann DLS cas Cic eee 168 203
Average 77 98
Average 160 151
Illinois “7
(Natural History Survey ansas
Ext. Ser.) ? - (ins. Sur.)
Northwest 207 183 Northeast 23 135
Northeast 116 90 North Central 84 14
West 150 133 East Central 21 131
Central 89 70
East 50 91 Average 43 93
West-southwest 27 51
East-southeast 23 18

Maryland
(Agr. Ext. Ser.,

Average 95 91

(106) 1/ (95)1/ Ins. Sur.)
Indiana Eastern Shore 94 81
(Ext. Ser., Expt. Sta.) Southern area 56 48

Western and Central areas 71 49

Nor th-nor thwest 72 94
Nor th-nor theentral 46 102 Average U4 59
North-northeast 46 52
Northwest 18 Al TRIN
North Central 14 33 ichigan
Nor theast 16 35 (Ins. Sur.)
Southwest 50 32
South Central 18 12 Surveyed Counties 26 35
Southeast 16 40
South-southwest 62 96 (Survey in 1963 conducted in 18 counties;
South-southcentral 39 119 survey in 1964 conducted in 32 counties)
South-southeast 32 63
Average 36 60

iy Average based on 36 counties rather than districts

SOY =

Table 2 — (Continued)

State ©:Average Number: State . | :Average Number:
(Districts :of Borers Per ; (Districts :of Borers Per ;:
or Counties) : 100 Plants :;: or Counties) : 100 Plants :
:1963 | _ 1964: :1963. 1964:

Minnesota Ohio

(State Dept. Agr.) (Ext. Ser.; ARS, USDA)

Nor thwest 59 43 Nor thwest 36 49

West Central 200 52 West Central 14 12

Central 57 15 Central 7 8

East Central 25 8 Southwest 9 25

Southwest iLAvZ/ 62 Nor theast 8 31

South Central 132 35

Southeast - 42 4 Average 15

25
(26) 1/ (28) 1/
Average 90 31

South Dakota
Missouri (Agr. Expt. Sta., Ext. Ser.)
(Ext. Ser., Ins. Sur.)

North Central 52 45
District I 93 125 Nor theast 795 55
District II 68 78 Central 100 15
District III 46 54 East Central 118 64
District IV : 18 63 Southeast 260 99
District Vv 72 61 South Central 72 69
District VI 9 81
District IX 223 745 Average 113 2/ 58 2/
Average 76 172

Wisconsin

(State Dept. Agr.)
Nebraska
(Agr. Expt. Sta., Ext. Nor thwest 19 1
Ser., Ins. Sur.) ~ North Central 29 LS

West Central 37 5
Nor th 201 26 Central 21 Le/
Nor theast 320 98 Southwest 28 6
Central 233 109 South Central 33 24
East 268 191 Southeast 7 26
South 218 63 East Central 4 9
Southeast 169 93 Northeast 8 14
Southwest 35 8

Average aL 13
Average 206 84
North Dakota ily Average based on all samples rather
(State Dept. Agr.) than district averages.

Southeast 391 125 2/ Average based on ‘35 counties.

EUROPEAN CORN BORER ABUNDANCE

FALL 1964

EUROPEAN CORN BORER ABUNDANCE

FALL 1964

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January 15.1965

%

PEST CONTROL DI

4

AGRICULTURAL RESEARCH SERVICE

PLANT PEST CONTROL DIVISION

SURVEY AND DETECTION OPERATIONS

The Cooperative Economic Insect Report is issued
weekly as a service to American Agriculture. Its contents
are compiled from information supplied by cooperating State,
Federal, and industrial entomologists and other agricultural]
workers. In releasing this material the Division serves as
a clearing house and doesnot assume responsibility for ac-
curacy of the material.

All correspondence pertaining to additions, dele-
tions and changes of addresses for the mailing
list for this report should be sent to:

Service Operations Division
‘Office of Plant and Operations
United States Department of Agriculture
Washington, D. C. 20250

Reports and inquiries pertaining to this release
should be mailed to:

Survey and Detection Operations
Plant Pest Control Division
Agricultural Research Service
United States Department of Agriculture
Federal Center Building
Hyattsville, Maryland 20781

Volume 15 January 15, 1965 Number 3

COOPERATIVE ECONOMIC INSECT REPORT
HIGHLIGHTS

GREENBUG found for first time this winter on wheat in Washington County, Arkansas.
SPOTTED ALFALFA APHID light to heavy on alfalfa in southern Eddy County, New
Mexico. (p. 31).

CITRUS RUST MITE and CITRUS RED MITE populations at lowest record for December
on citrus in Florida, and populations of GLOVER SCALE and YELLOW SCALE above
normal and at record highs for December on same crop. (p. 32).

Scientific name of HESSIAN FLY has been changed from Phytophaga destructor (Say)
to Mayetiola destructor (Say). See page 38.

CORRECTIONS
See page 38.

SPECIAL REPORTS
Boll Weevil Hibernation Surveys in Louisiana and Tennessee - Fall 1964. (p. 34).

Status of the Screw-worm in the Southwest. (p. 36). Single case reported in
Zavala County, Texas.

Changes in Spellings of Some Scientific Names in the "List of Approved Common
Names of Insects." (p. 38).

Estimated Losses and Production Costs Attributed to Insects and Related Arthropods
Attacking Alfalfa and Alfalfa (for seed) in Wyoming in 1964. (p. 40).

Insect Detection in the United States - 1964. (pp. 41-44).

Grasshopper Adult Survey - Fall 1964. (Following last page).

Reports in this issue are for week ending January 8, 1965, unless otherwise
indicated.

- 30 -

WEATHER OF THE WEEK ENDING JANUARY 11

Storminess decreased in the Far Northwest although some precipitation continued
almost daily. A strong cold front moved from the northern Great Plains southeast-
ward to the gulf and Atlantic coasts dropping temperatures and bringing precip-—
itation.

TEMPERATURE: Weekly average temperatures in parts of Montana and neighboring areas
were 15 to 25 degrees below normal for the fourth consecutive week. Other portions
of the Country were mild with temperatures averaging 4 to 8 degrees above normal
over large areas. While many interior sections east of the Rockies were warm for
the third consecutive week, there was a sudden change to colder weather as the
strong cold front moved southeastward. Valentine, Nebraska, had a 66° temper-
ature on Thursday but dropped to 4 degrees on Friday. Stations near the Ohio

River had temperature drops from the 60's on Friday to below freezing on

Saturday.

PRECIPITATION: Precipitation continued almost daily in the Pacific Northwest.
Totals were heaviest in that area and in a band extending from east Texas north-
eastward to New England. Precipitation in the latter area was associated with
the advancing cold front. Much of the Great Plains and the Rocky Mountain area
continued to be dry while earlier drought conditions in the Ohio Valley and
northeastward into New England have been at least temporarily relieved.

SNOWFALL: The cold front finally brought snow to east-central sections, with falls
of 1 to 4 or more inches mostly in Oklahoma, Kentucky, West Virginia, Maryland

and Pennsylvania. The snow cover is probably temporary except possibly in the
Appalachian highlands. Snow cover elsewhere was confined to States near the
Canadian border and to the western mountains. (Summary supplied by U.S. Weather
Bureau).

Ss 31s
CEREAL AND FORAGE INSECTS

GREENBUG (Schizaphis graminum) - ARKANSAS - First aphids found this winter on
January 5 in wheat in Washington County. Ranged 8-10 per linear foot. (Ark.
Ins. Sur.). OKLAHOMA - Ranged 0-2 per linear foot in wheat in southwestern and
central areas and in Caddo County (west central). Many fields were negative.
(Okla. Coop. Sur.). TEXAS - Ranged 30-50 per linear foot in field of volunteer
wheat near Hereford, Deaf Smith County, on January 2. Field plowed under, but
surroundings and adjacent fields being watched for any future buildup. (Daniels).

ENGLISH GRAIN APHID (Macrosiphum avenae) - ARKANSAS - Counts 25-30 per 100 sweeps,
with winged forms present, in Washington County. (Ark. Ins. Sur.). OKLAHOMA -
Counts ranged 0.5-3 per linear foot in wheat in Tillman and Cotton Counties.
(Okla. Coop. Sur.).

CORN LEAF APHID (Rhopalosiphum maidis) - ARIZONA - Infesting barley in the Gila
and Yuma Valleys in Yuma County. (Ariz. Coop. Sur.). OKLAHOMA - Counts ranged
1-4 per linear foot in wheat in Tillman, Cotton, and Jackson Counties. (Okla.
Coop. Sur.).

APPLE GRAIN APHID (Rhopalosiphum fitchii) - OKLAHOMA - Ranged 1-5 per linear
foot in fields in Tillman, Cotton, Kiowa, and Stephens Counties. One field in
Caddo County had 25 per linear foot. (Okla. Coop. Sur.).

SOUTHWESTERN CORN BORER (Zeadiatraea grandiosella) - OKLAHOMA - Checks made in
field of corn in Beckham County in which 100 percent of stalks had been infested
showed larvae present in 28 percent of stalks; live larvae present in 16 percent
of stalks and dead larvae in 12 percent of stalks. (Okla. Coop. Sur.).

SOUTHERN CORN ROOTWORM (Diabrotica undecimpunctata howardi) - OKLAHOMA - Adults
found in wheat in Kiowa, Logan, and Oklahoma Counties. (Okla. Coop. Sur.).

WINTER GRAIN MITE (Penthaleus major) - OKLAHOMA - Counts ranged 1-10 (averaged
3.6) per linear foot in wheat in Jackson, Kiowa, Cotton, Kingfisher, and Logan
Counties. (Okla. Coop. Sur.).

SPOTTED ALFALFA APHID (Therioaphis maculata) - ARIZONA - Scattered infestations
noted in alfalfa in areas of Maricopa County and throughout Yuma County. (Ariz.
Coop. Sur.). NEW MEXICO - Light to heavy in alfalfa in southern Eddy County.
(N.M. Coop. Rpt.). ARKANSAS - Surveys continue negative in northwest. (Ark.
Ins. Sur.).

PEA APHID (Acyrthosiphon pisum) - ARIZONA - Light to medium and becomming wide--
spread in alfalfa in Yuma and Maricopa Counties. (Ariz. Coop. Sur.). NEW MEXICO -
Very light to light in alfalfa in Eddy and Dona Ana Counties. (N.M. Coop. Rpt.).
ARKANSAS - Numbers decreased from 10-15 to 5-10 per square foot in northwest.

(Ark. Ins. Sur.).

COWPEA APHID (Aphis craccivora) - ARIZONA - Continues to spread in the Gila Valley
area of Yuma County. (Ariz. Coop. Sur.).

ALFALFA CATERPILLAR (Colias eurytheme) - ARKANSAS - Found occasionally on vetch
in Washington County. (Ark. Ins. Sur.). ARIZONA - Larvae averaged 25-30 per
100 sweeps in alfalfa in Yuma County and in Buckeye-Goodyear area of Maricopa
County. (Ariz. Coop. Sur.).

FRUIT INSECTS

WHITE PEACH SCALE (Pseudaulacaspis pentagona) - ALABAMA - Damaging on a few peach
trees in Lee County. uyton).

S82 5

CAMPHOR SCALE (Pseudaonidia duplex) - FLORIDA - Adults light on 100 sweet orange
trees inspected at Lake Helen, Volusia County. (Roberts, Dec. 29).

NAVEL ORANGEWORM (Paramyelois transitella) - ARIZONA - Infesting pecan nuts in
the Yuma area, Yuma County. (Ariz. Coop. Sur.).

PEACH TREE BORER (Sanninoidea exitiosa) - NORTH CAROLINA - Infested peach tree
in Orange County. (Robertson).

BLACK CITRUS APHID (Toxoptera aurantii) - FLORIDA - All stages moderate on leaves
of 50 Persian lime trees inspected in nursery at Goulds, Dade County. (Herrmann,
Knowles, Dec. 21).

SPIREA APHID (Aphis spiraecola) - FLORIDA - All stages moderate on leaves of 50
percent of 90 Persian lime trees inspected in nursery at Goulds, Dade County.
(Herrmann, Knowles, Dec. 21).

A WEEVIL (Artipus floridanus) - FLORIDA - Adults severe on calamondin (Citrus
mitis) at Hobe Sound, Martin County. (Smith, Dec. 17).

Citrus Insect Situation in Florida - End of December - CITRUS RUST MITE (Phyllocop-
truta oleivora) infested 52 percent of groves (norm 67 percent); 39 percent
economic (norm 45 percent). Decreased to below average level. Population on
fruit at lowest record for December; further decrease expected. Highest districts
south, west and central. TEXAS CITRUS MITE (Eutetranychus banksi) infested 34
percent of groves (norm 33 percent); 15 percent economic (norm 10 percent).
Dropped to moderate level normal for December and will decline further. Highest
districts north and south. CITRUS RED MITE (Panonychus citri) infested 28 percent
of groves (norm 54 percent); 11 percent economic (orm 26 percent). Population

at lowest for December in 14 years of record. Little change expected; highest
districts west and north. GLOVER SCALE (Lepidosaphes gloverii) infested 74
percent of groves (norm 27 percent); 23 percent economic (norm 1 percent). Above
normal and at record high for December; slight increase expected. Infestations
will be scattered and spotty. Highest districts south and central. PURPLE SCALE
(L. beckii) infested 72 percent of groves (norm 72 percent); 9 percent economic
(orm 8 percent). At normal level; increase expected. Very few infestations

will be heavy. Highest districts south and east. YELLOW SCALE (Aonidiella
citrina) infested 59 percent of groves (norm 12 percent); 20 percent economic
(norm 1 percent). Above normal and at record high for December; decrease expected.
Highest districts central and south. CHAFF SCALE (Parlatoria pergandii) infested
73 percent of groves (norm 45 percent); 15 percent economic (norm 1 percent).
Above normal; increase expected. Highest districts south and east. BLACK SCALE
(Saissetia oleae) infested 43 percent of groves (norm 28 percent); 18 percent
economic (norm 7 percent). Above normal; slight increase expected. Highest
districts east and south. Unaspis citri, Pinnaspis strachani (armored scales),
DICTYOSPERMUM (Chrysomphalus dictyospermi) and MEALYBUGS have record high popula-
tions for December. All except U. citri in scattered groves are unimportant at
this time. WHITEFLIES infested 73 percent of groves (norm 49 percent); 12 per-
cent economic (norm 9 percent). Above normal; decrease expected. (W.A. Simanton
(Citrus Expt. Sta., Lake Alfred)).

CITRUS BLACKFLY (Aleurocanthus woglumi) - MEXICO - Biological Control Zone -
Total of 44,303 citrus trees inspected on 38 properties in State of Tamaulipas;
73 infested trees on 3 properties. Parasitism good. Total of 289 samples from
12 States indicates needfor liberation on 50 properties in 6 States; 35,500
specimens of Prospaltella opulenta (a eulophid) shipped to State of Guanajuato
for liberation. Chemical Control Zone - Infestation consisting of 89 leaves on
13 trees on one property southwest of Linares, Nuevo Leon, found November 26;
treatment of infested grove begun within 3 hours. Inspections in Nuevo Leon

and ease re revealed one infested property close to Linares, (PPC, Mex. Reg.,
Nov. Rpt.).

- 33 -

TRUCK CROP INSECTS

CABBAGE LOOPER (Trichoplusia ni) - ARIZONA - Infestations continue light on lettuce
in Yuma and Maricopa Counties. (Ariz. Coop. Sur.). ALABAMA - Larvae light on
cabbage, collards, and turnips in Lee County home gardens, (Barwood, et al.).
FLORIDA - Infesting 1.5 percent of celery examined at Sanford, Seminole County;
causing light damage. (Desin). g

VARIEGATED CUTWORM (Peridroma saucia) - ALABAMA - Larvae medium on lower leaves
of cabbage, collards, turnips, and lettuce in home gardens in Lee County.
(McQueen) .

YELLOW-STRIPED ARMYWORM (Prodenia ornithogalli) - ARIZONA - Larvae feeding on
sugar beets in experimental plots in Yuma Valley, Yuma County. (Ariz. Coop. Sur.).

BEET ARMYWORM (Spodoptera exigua) - ARIZONA - Very young larvae light in Yuma
County lettuce. (Ariz. Coop. Sur.).

IMPORTED CABBAGEWORM (Pieris rapae) - ALABAMA - Light on collards in home gardens
in Lee County. (Barwood, et al.).

DIAMONDBACK MOTH (Plutella maculipennis) - ALABAMA - Larvae light on cabbage,
collards, and turnips in Lee County home gardens. (McQueen).

VEGETABLE WEEVIL (Listroderes costirostris obliquus) - ALABAMA - Larvae light to
heavy on turnips, lettuce, and cabbage in home gardens in Lee County. (Barwood,
et al.).

A WEEVIL (Hyperodes texana) - TEXAS - Light and scattered on carrots and parsley
in the lower Rio Grande Valley. (Wolfenbarger, Meisch).

SPOTTED CUCUMBER BEETLE (Diabrotica undecimpunctata howardi) - ALABAMA - Few
adults feeding in collard blooms in home gardens in Lee County. (McQueen) .

APHIDS - ALABAMA - In Lee County home gardens, Brevicoryne brassicae (cabbage
aphid) on collards and Hyadaphis pseudobrassicae (turnip aphid) on turnip

ranged light to extremely heavy; Pemphigus populitranversus (poplar petiole gall
aphid) heavy on roots of turnips in 2 gardens. (McQueen, Barwood, et al.).
NORTH CAROLINA - Unspecified species light to moderate on some cabbage in Pender
County. (Federonko). CALIFORNIA - Macrosiphum euphorbiae (potato aphid) and
Myzus persicae (green peach aphid) adults light on turnips in Clovis, Fresno
County. (Cal. Coop. Rpt.).

ROSE APHID (Macrosiphum rosae) - CALIFORNIA - Adults light on strawberries in
Fresno and Clovis, Fresno County. (Cal. Coop. Rpt.).

A LEAF MINER FLY (Liriomyza sp.) - FLORIDA - Caused light to moderate damage to
all celery plants examined at Sanford, Seminole County. (Desin).

SPIDER MITES (Tetranychus spp.) - ALABAMA - Heavy and damaging on turnips and
collards in central section. (Barwood, Guyton, et al.).

COTTON INSECTS

A WEEVIL (Anthonomus sp.) - ARIZONA - Three specimens found in gin trash from
Yuma Valley, Yuma County. Specimens were also found in north Gila Valley, one-
half mile from the Arizona-California State line, Yuma County. (Ariz. Coop.
Sur.).

- 34 -

Boll Weevil Hibernation Survey in Louisiana - Fall 1964

The fall collections of surface woods trash (two square yards per sample) were
made in Madison, East Carroll and Tensas Parishes (northeast area) from November
23 to December 3, 1964, to determine the number of boll weevil (Anthonomus
grandis) adults that went into hibernation. A total of 3 samples was collected
at each location, with 10 locations in East Carroll, 10 locations in Tensas and
20 locations in Madison Parishes being used. A total of 120 samples was
collected at these 40 locations.

The average number of live boll weevils per
acre in the tri-parish area was 5,875. This
compares with an average of 7,317 in the fall
of 1963. The average by parish was 4,154 in
Madison, 9,842 in East Carroll and 3,630 in
Tensas. During the 10 past falls that these
records have been made in the tri-parish area,
the number of weevils per acre has ranged
2,622 to 13,443 and averaged 5,855 in Madison
Parish; 5,165 to 13,235 and averaged 8,868 in
East Carroll Parish; and 0 to 17,593 and
averaged 6,702 in Tensas Parish. During the
past 29 years that similar records have been
made in Madison Parish, there have been 10
years in which a larger number of weevils has
been found in ground trash in the fall than
Average number of boll weevils the 4,154 found in 1964.

per acre of ground trash

A light frost occurred the second and third weeks of October, and a low of 31
degrees was recorded October 20; however, cotton was not completely killed until
November 22 and 23 when a low of 25 degrees was recorded on these 2 dates.
Cotton stalks had been destroyed on only about 25 percent of fields near woods
trash sampling areas. Trash collected was ideal in most cases for running
through separatory screens. Collections were interrupted twice by rain, once

on November 24 and once on November 27. (T., C. Cleveland).

Boll Weevil Hibernation Survey in Tennessee — Fall 1964

The fall survey to determine the number of weevils going into hibernation was
completed December 21, 1964. Survey was made in environs of fields known to
support infestations all season. Samples were difficult to obtain this fall due
to continuous rains over the area. Since some samples were very wet, it is
possible that some weevils could have gotten through the sample process undetected.
This could mean the average number of weevils per acre could have been somewhat
higher than figures indicate.

McNairy County was chosen because it usually
represents the heaviest infestations found in
the southern tier of counties. The other
1 southern counties usually support only slightly
lower infestations than those found in McNairy
County. <A total of 15 samples was taken, each
Average number of boll weevils consisting of 2 square yards of surface trash;
per acre of surface trash 5 live weevils being found in these 15 samples.
This indicates an average of 807 live weevils
per acre in hibernation to the date of survey. This compares with an average of
1,089 in 1963, 3,633 in 1962, 3,025 in 1961, 2,622 in 1960, 1,882) in 1959) and
1,214 in 1958. The highest number of live weevils found in any one sample was 2,
indicating an average of 4,840 live weevils per acre in hibernation in that
faenae (I; Hee Locke):

- 35 -

FOREST, ORNAMENTAL AND SHADE TREE INSECTS

SOUTHERN PINE BEETLE (Dendroctonus frontalis) - NORTH CAROLINA - Infesting 15-
20 pines in Beaufort County. (Whitfield).

EASTERN TENT CATERPILLAR (Malacosoma americanum) - NORTH CAROLINA - Egg masses
ranged 3-12 per tree on wild cherry in an area of Robeson County. (Bartley,
Dec. 15).

OYSTERSHELL SCALE (Lepidosaphes ulmi) - NORTH CAROLINA - Infesting two dying
maple trees in Buncombe County. (Palmer, Dec. 15).

AZALEA LEAF MINER (Gracilaria azaleella) - CALIFORNIA - Heavy locally on azalea
in San Diego, San Diego County. (Cal. Coop. Rpt.).

DIAMONDBACK MOTH (Plutella maculipennis) - CALIFORNIA - Larvae light to medium on
Matthiola incana (common stock) in Vista, San Diego County. (Cal. Coop. Rpt.).
APHIDS - NORTH CAROLINA - Unspecified species infesting several junipers in Wake
County. (Stadtherr). ALABAMA - Unspecified species extremely heavy on daylillies
in Lee County. (Guyton et al.). OKLAHOMA - Cinara tujafilina (a conifer aphid)
moderately damaged arborvitae in Stephens County. (Okla. Coop. Sur.). CALIFORNIA -
Nymphs and adults of Aphis spiraecola (spirea aphid) heavy on Cotoneaster sp.

in Salinas, Monterey County. (Cal. Coop. Rpt.).

COCCIDS - FLORIDA - All stages of Pseudococcus citri (citrus mealybug) severe on
stem, bloom and leaves of 25 croton plants (Codiaeum variegatum) inspected at

South Miami, Dade County. (Swanson, Dec. 29). Aspidiotus lataniae (an armored
scale) severe on stems of azalea at Largo, Pinellas County. (Allen, Dec. 23).
Adults of Parlatoria pseudaspidiotus moderate on 10 orchids inspected in commercial
orchidhouse at De Land, Volusia County. (Roberts, Dec. 23). Adults of Cerococcus
sp. and Pinnaspis strachani moderate on stems of 1 percent of 1,000 Hibiscus sp.
inspected at Miami. (McFarlin, Dec. 29). CALIFORNIA - Adults of Ceroplastes
cirripediformis (barnacle scale) light on poinsettia at Rubidoux, Riverside

County. (Cal. Coop. Rpt.).

A PSYLLID (Trioza magnoliae) - FLORIDA - Nymphs and galls light on leaves of
Persea borbonia in garden center at Haines City, Polk County. (Norton) .

NATIVE HOLLY LEAF MINER (Phytomyza ilicicola) - MARYLAND - Infesting American
holly at Cumberland, Allegany County. (U. Md., Ent. Dept., Dec. 31).

TEXAS LEAF-CUTTING ANT (Atta texana) - TEXAS - Severely damaging shrubs in local
areas of Jim Wells County. (Texas Coop. Rpt., Jones).

SPIDER MITES - NORTH CAROLINA - Infesting azaleas at residence in Duplin County.
(Scott). ALABAMA - Tetranychus spp. heavy and damaging leaves of laurel-cherry,
azalea, privet and other hosts in central area of State. (Barwood, Guyton, et
al.). CALIFORNIA - Adults of Eotetranychus lewisiheavy on poinsettia in Rubidoux,
Riverside County. This species has been serious in commercial plantings in past
years. (Cal. Coop. Rpt.).

BULB MITE (Rhizoglyphus echinopus) - CALIFORNIA - Adults medium locally on
gladiolus in Vista, San Diego County. (Cal. Coop. Rpt.).
INSECTS AFFECTING MAN AND ANIMALS

STABLE FLY (Stomoxys calcitrans) - OKLAHOMA - Active around cattle sales barn
in Tillman County. (Okla. Coop. Sur.).

BLACK BLOW FLY (Phormia regina) - ALABAMA - Infesting old wounds in several cattle
in Dallas County herd. Ledbetter).

= 3 0

STATUS OF THE SCREW-WORM (Cochliomyia hominivorax) IN THE SOUTHWEST

A single screw-worm case in Zavala County, TEXAS, marred a fly—free month which would
have been complete on January 8. During period January 3-9, the Republic of Mexico
reported 41 cases: Sonora 25, Nuevo Leon 1, Coahuila 2, Durango 3, Veracruz 2,
Tamaulipas 5, and Chihuahua 3. Sterile screw-worm flies released: Texas 16,626,250,
New Mexico 640,000, Arizona 8,320,000, and Mexico 53,717,200.

Ratio of Positive Cases

Positive Cases Negative Cases to 100 Cases Negative
Year Current Cumulative Current Cumulative Current Cumulative
Table l. Comparison of specimens reported during corresponding weeks in 1963

and 1964 in Southwestern Eradication Area,

1963 25 3 36 54 69.44 57.40
1964 (0) (0) 36 52 0.00 0.00
1965 1 1 84 129 1.19 0.77

Table 2. Comparison of specimens reported during corresponding weeks and in

a corresponding area in 1964 in the United States-Mexico Barrier Zone.*

1964 18 46 8 15 225.00 306.66
1965 37 86 33 47 112.12 182.97

Table 2A. Mexican portion of Barrier Zone only.

1964 18 46 3 6 600.00 766.66

1965 36 85 17 21 211.76 404.76

* Barrier Zone — Area in which screw-worm eradication operations are being carried out
in an effort to prevent establishment of self-sustaining screw-worm population in
the United States. (Anim. Dis. Erad. Div.).

wonave

ROCKET

Figures - Number of cases reported
in infested counties for
period January 3 - 9

—=r<=-=]imits of Barrier Zone ‘ VE

‘onuanssoeMtlyinear drop along river
valleys

= 87 oc

CATTLE LICE - UTAH - Common in herds in Millard County; controls being used.
(Knowlton, Ogden). OKLAHOMA - Solenopotes capillatus and Haematopinus eurysternus
(short-nosed cattle louse) light on cattle in Payne County. (Okla. Coop. Sur.).

HOG LOUSE (Haematopinus suis) - OKLAHOMA - Moderate on hogs in Stephens County.
(Okla. Coop. Sur.).

TICKS - OKLAHOMA - Dermacentor albipictus (winter tick) light on cattle in
Stephens County, and Rhipicephalus sanguineus (brown dog tick) a problem in
several homes in Stillwater, Payne County. (Okla. Coop. Sur.).

FLEAS (Ctenocephalides spp.) - OKLAHOMA - Heavy in several homes in Stillwater
area, Payne County. (Okla. Coop. Sur.).

HOUSEHOLD AND STRUCTURAL INSECTS

INDIAN-MEAL MOTH (Plodia interpunctella) - OKLAHOMA - Infesting kitchens in Kay,
Tulsa, and Oklahoma Counties. (Okla. Coop. Sur.).

CIGARETTE BEETLE (Lasioderma serricorne) - TEXAS - Light, local infestations noted
in Goliad County homes. (Hoerman).

BLACK CARPET BEETLE (Attagenus piceus) - OKLAHOMA - In furniture in home in
Payne County. (Okla. Coop. Sur.).

BOXELDER BUG (Leptocoris trivittatus) - MARYLAND - Annoying around home at
Reisterstown, Baltimore County. (U. Md., Ent. Dept.). OKLAHOMA - Adults in
home in Payne County. (Okla. Coop. Sur.).

COCKROACHES - MARYLAND - Supella supellectilium (brown-banded cockroach) infesting
some rooms in building at Baltimore. Blattella germanica (German cockroach)
infesting house in Silver Spring, Montgomery County. (U. Md., Ent. Dept.).

PAVEMENT ANT (Tetramorium caespitum) - MARYLAND - Winged forms active around
home at Glen Burnie, Anne Arundel County. (U. Md., Ent. Dept., Dec. 28).

LARGER YELLOW ANT (Acanthomyops interjectus) - NORTH CAROLINA - Swarming in home
in Beaufort County. Det. by D. L. Wray. (Mount).

SPRINGTAILS - NORTH CAROLINA - Springtails reported CEIR 14(50) :1285 determined
as Hypogastrura armata by D. L. Wray. (Mount). ALABAMA - Unspecified species
heavy throughout State. (Stewart et al.).

CLOVER MITE (Bryobia praetiosa) - NORTH CAROLINA - A nuisance around homes in
Guilford and Alamance Counties, (Kimrey, Coble; Dec. 29, Jan. 4).

A BROWN SPIDER (Loxosceles reclusa) - OKLAHOMA - Active in home and under bark of
dead tree in Payne County. (Okla. Coop. Sur.).

MILLIPEDS - OKLAHOMA - Parajulus sp. found in large numbers under wallpaper in
house in Payne County. (Okla. Coop. Sur.). NORTH CAROLINA - Unspecified species
a nusiance around houses in Orange, Caldwell, Hyde and Gaston Counties. (Mount).

BENEFICIAL INSECTS

CONVERGENT LADY BEETLE (Hippodamia convergens) - OKLAHOMA - Adult noted in wheat
in Tillman County. (Okla. Coop. Sur.

DAMSEL BUGS (Nabis spp.) - OKLAHOMA - Active in wheat in Kiowa and Cotton Counties.
(Okla. Coop. Sur.).

- 38 -

GREEN LACEWINGS (Chrysopa spp.) - OKLAHOMA - Adults active in wheat in Caddo,
Cotton, and Logan Counties. (Okla. Coop. Sur.).

FLOWER FLIES (Syrphus spp.) - OKLAHOMA - Larvae noted in wheat in Cotton County.
(Okla. Coop. Sur.).

Beneficial Insects in New Mexico - Lady beetle adults and larvae, damsel bugs
and big-eyed bugs abundant in alfalfa infested with Therioaphis maculata (spotted
alfalfa aphid) and Acyrthosiphon pisum (pea aphid). (N.M. Coop. Rpt.).

MISCELLANEOUS INSECTS

PUMPKIN CATERPILLAR (Diaphania indica) - FLORIDA - Adult taken in Steiner trap
in calamondin tree at St. Petersburg, Pinellas County. (Bennett, Dec. 30).

A DACTYLOPIID SCALE (Dactylopius confusus) - TEXAS - Local infestations noted on
pricklypear in Cameron County. (Texas Coop. Rpt., Mullin).

RED HARVESTER ANT (Pogonomyrmex barbatus) - OKLAHOMA - Activity noted in one
mound in Harmon County. (Okla. Coop. Sur.).

CORRECTIONS

CEIR 15(1):3 and 15(2):20 - HESSIAN FLY (Phytophaga destructor (Say)) should read
HESSIAN FLY (Mayetiola destructor (Say)). Barnes, H. F. 1956. Gall midges of
economic importance. Vol. 7. Gall midges of cereal crops. Pages 95-141, London,

CEIR 15(2):13 (DETECTION) and 17 - A COSMOPTERIGID MOTH (Limnaecia phagmitella)
should read (Limnaecia phragmitella).

Changes in Spellings of Some Scientific Names in the

"List of Approved Common Names of Insects"

The names below which were submitted by the Committee on Entomological Nomencla-
ture of the Entomological Society of America and approved by the Governing Board
will be used in future issues of the Cooperative Economic Insect Report. See
also pane ae of the Entomological Society of America, Volume 10, Number 1,

page 30.

Acalymma vittata to vittatum Gnormioschema operculella to operculellum
Anagasta kuhniella to kuehniella Nematus proxima to proximus
Cuclotogaster heterographus Nephelodes emmedonia to emmedonius

to heterographa
Papaipema cataphracta to cataphractum
Eleodes opaca to opacus
Psylliodes punctulata to punctulatus
Epiblema otosiana to otosianum
Toxoptera citricidus to citricida
Epiblema strenuana to strenuanum

There are also several names of doubtful origin or status which are not to be
changed at this time.

LIGHT TRAP COLLECTIONS

Precip-
‘Tempera-/itation/Type of
‘ure °F./(inches)/ trap *

on qo
x
oo w
(=)
N
a ON ~s
nN
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oo nN
Ho N
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a
ite)
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oe)

oo
Lal hh tt
as &
N
oo wt
Ho (2)
Lal (=)
qq

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o mm oo
wo

oo or

da aq

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na ao

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Pi) mie

ont or

on 0 aN

1
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i) x q
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S 0 SY nN
qd LS nN q

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a SSS ma i=} al
oq NN WO O q
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> anon >
10) aa zono Q
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Ho OH fs] Gat no
Ko Man | 6 | he
OU ORR 5D [ss]
| =| fo} I
Fa 1c} n Be

other

fo}

MV = mercury vapor;

incandescent;

tS

BL =

blacklight;

39 -

field corn;
potatoes;

= cotton; FC
pepper; pot.
TC = truck crops (unspecified or mixed) ;

cott.

= peanut; pepp.

soybean;

cole crops (crucifers) ;

lettuce; pean.
soy.

lett.
a);

solanaceous plants (unspecifie

tomato.

beet and/or sugar beet; cole

legumes (unspecified) ;

garden
leg. =

beet
sol
ton.

small grains;

alfalfa;
sweet corn;
tobacco;

alf. =
grain =
SC =

tob, =

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INSECT DETECTION IN THE UNITED STATES - 1964

During the year, 77 new State records appeared in the Cooperative Economic Insect Report.
The States which had 5 or more included Delaware (15), Florida (8), Hawaii and California
(7 each) and Maryland (5). Within this number were included 1 new record for North
America, 2 for the United States and 1 for the Eastern United States.

FIRST STATE REPORT CEIR
Observed Vol. 14

Species State County on Page No.
Aceria essigi (Hassan) Florida Lake blackberry 439
(redberry mite)
Amblytylus nasutus (Kirsch.) Illinois Champaign grass 677
(a plant bug)
Andrena viburnella Graen. South Laurens in garden 703
(an andrenid bee) Carolina
Aphis oenotherae Oest. Hawaii Hawaii evening 1230
(an aphid) primrose
Apion longirostre Oliv. California El Dorado hollyhock 662
(hollyhock weevil)

Nebraska Scotts hollyhock 951

Bluff

Oregon Jackson hollyhock ™
Arta statalis Grote Delaware New Castle at light 281
(a chrysaugid moth)
Aspidiotus selangorensis Will. & Hall Hawaii Honolulu Cyclosorus 629
(an armored scale) dentatus
Attagenus alfierii Pic Nevada Clark mixed grain 778
(a dermestid beetle)
Banasa sordida Uhler Missouri Boone soybeans 935
(a stink bug)
Bucculatrix ainsliella Murtf. Tennessee Hawkins oak 1148
(oak skeletonizer)
Campyloneura virgula (H.-S.) i/ California Humboldt pear, 1243
a predaceous mirid) apple
Capitophorus glandulosus (Kalt.) Virginia Arlington mugwort 702
(an aphid) wormwood
Cecidophyopsis psilaspis (Nal.) Oregon Multnomah yew hedge 917
an eriophyid mite)
Chaitophorus stevensis Sanb. Utah Duchesne galls on 1225
(an aphid) poplar
Chrysozona rara (John.) Delaware Sussex pitcher- 776
(a tabanid) plant
Cryptotermes sp. Delaware New Castle wicker 340
(a powder-post termite) furniture,

1/ Also a new North American record.

floor beneath

5 AD o

County CEIR
or Observed Vol. 14

Species State Parish on Page No.
Dalbulus maidis (DeL. & Wol.) Louisiana Rapides corn 1186
(a corn leafhopper)
Delphacodes havanae (Muir & Gift.) 2/ Florida Palm Beach rice 1142
(a delphacid planthopper)
Dendrothrips ornatus (Jablonow.) Delaware New Castle snap beans 1049
(privet thrips)
Diabrotica longicornis (Say) Maryland Carroll sweet corn 1018
(northern corn rootworm)
Diabrotica virgifera LeC. Wisconsin Pierce, —— 963
(western corn rootworm) St. Croix
Dioryctria zimmermani (Grote) Maryland Wicomico loblolly 1294
Zimmerman pine moth) pine
Diprion hercyniae (Hartig) Wisconsin Polk as= 1148
Européan spruce sawfly)
Empoasca mexara Ross & Moore California Imperial alfalfa 1185
(a leafhopper)
Eotetranychus matthyssei Reeves Delaware New Castle slippery elm 950
(a spider mite)
Eotetranychus pruni (Oud.) Delaware New Castle oak 979
(a spider mite
Epitrimerus ri (Nal.) Ohio Ashtabula pears 506
(pear rust mite
Eucosma dorsisignatana (Clem.) Delaware New Castle at light 281
(an olethreutid moth
Forficula auricularia L. Wisconsin Milwaukee in gardens 1133
(European earwig) & homes
Frankliniella occidentalis (Perg.)3/ Maryland Allegany chrysanthe- 1004
(western flower thrips) mums
Fuscuropoda marginata Koch California San Joaquin chicken 485
(a uropodid mite) manure
Gynaikothrips ficorum (Marchal) Hawaii Honolulu Ficus 283
(Cuban-laurel thrips) retusa
Herculia intermedialis (W1k.) Delaware New Castle at light 281
(a pyralid moth)
Heterotoma meriopterum (Scop.) California Tehama hollyhock 1072
(a plant bug
Hexarthrum ulkei Horn Kansas Lane, framing of 1030
(a weevil) Sedgewick house, loose

2/ Also a new United States record.

3/ Also a new Eastern United States record.

board in soil

- 43 -

County CEIR
or Observed Vol. 14
Species State Parish on Page No.
Hylotrupes bajulus (L.) Minnesota Hennepin in home 701
(old-house borer Missouri --- wood in box 147
spring for
bed
Hypera postica (Gyll.) Illinois Hardin alfalfa 429
(alfalfa weevil) Johnson alfalfa 429
Indiana Harrison alfalfa 569
Louisiana West crimson 715
Feliciana clover
Missouri Pemiscot alfalfa 461
Incisalia henrici (Grote & Rob.) Delaware Sussex --- 381
(a hairstreak butterfly)
Lecanium cerasorum Ckll. Delaware New Castle sweetgum, 950
(calico scale) maple
Macrobotys thestealis (W1k.) Delaware New Castle at light 281
(a pyraustid moth)
Macrosiphum lilii (Mon.) Florida Marion Easter 445
(purple-spotted lily aphid) lilies
Macrosiphum rosae (L.) Florida Alachua rose 445
(rose aphid)
Mompha eloisella (Clem. ) Delaware New Castle at light 281
(a momphid moth)
Mumetopia nigrimana (Coq.) Hawaii Hawaii grass 284
an anthomyzid fly) sweepings
Honolulu grass 284
sweepings
Murmidius ovalis Beck Nebraska Johnson stored 340
(a colydiid beetle) shelled corn
Musca autumnalis De G. Alabama Cherokee cattle 1029
(face fly) Montana Big Horn in house 88
Nalepella tsugifoliae K. Rhode Island Washington hemlock in 518
an eriophyid mite) nursery
Nallachius americanus (MacLach.) Iowa Story mee 820
a neuropteron
Nysius caledoniae Dist. Hawaii Honolulu several 629
(a false chinch bug) weeds
Olethreutes cespitana (Hbn.) Delaware Sussex strawberry 404
(a strawberry leaf roller)
Oligonychus milleri (McG.) Pennsylvania Indiana Scotch pines 694
(a spider mite)
Oxypleurites carinatus (Nal.) California San Mateo horse- 812,
(a rust mite) chestnut 884
Pachytychius haematocephalus (Gy11.)2/ New York Albany birds foot- 1227
a weevil trefoil

2/ Also a new United States record.

= “y=

County CEIR
or Observed Vol. 14

Species State Parish on Page No.
Paraspiniphora sp. Hawaii Honolulu in light 1097
(a phorid fly) trap
Psila rosae (F.) California Humboldt carrots 12
(carrot rust fly)
Pulex irritans L. Nevada Churchill man 216
(human flea)
Rhagoletis cingulata cingulata (Loew) Louisiana St. Bernard wild cherry 1187
(cherry fruit fly)
Rhagoletis suavis (Loew) Delaware Kent English 1004
(a walnut husk fly) walnut trees

Oregon Hood River sticky traps 1188
Rhizoecus americanus (Hamb1l.) Florida Seminole Dieffen- 376
(a mealybug) bachia sp.
Sa a louisi Kromb. Florida Orange Steiner trap 954
(a sapygid wasp)
Sitophilus oryzae (L.) Nevada Clark mixed grain 778
(rice weevil
Sparganothis chambersana (Krft.) Florida Jefferson peach 681
(a leaf roller moth)
Stephanoderes farinosus (Blanfd.) Hawaii Honolulu Litchi 1156
(a bark beetle) chinensis
Therioaphis maculata (Buckt.) Maryland Prince alfalfa 1126
(Spotted alfalfa aphid) Georges

Wyoming Goshen alfalfa 1253
Xyleborus affinis Eichh. Indiana Dubois river birch 1167
(an ambrosia beetle)
Xylesthia pruniramiella Clem. Delaware New Castle at light 281
a tineid moth)
Xylosandrus germanus (Blanfd.) Indiana Dubois river birch 1167
an ambrosia beetle
Xyloterinus politus (Say) Indiana Dubois silver & red 1167
(an ambrosia beetle maples

PALI, 1964

SEE

VERY ABUNDANT 28 or more
GRASSHOPPERS PER SQUARE YARD

ABUNDANT 15-27 crassHopPpers

PER SQUARE YARD

MODERATE 8-14 GRASSHOPPERS

PER SQUARE YARD

| LIGHT 3-7 crassnoprers PER

SQUARE YARD

SOLID COLORS - RANGELAND INFESTATIONS
STIPPLED COLORS - CROPLAND INFESTATIONS

NECESSITY FOR CONTROL ON CROP OR RANGELAND NEXT SEASON
WILL DEPEND UPON TYPE OF HABITAT, SPECIES PRESENT, WEATHER,
AND CONDITION OF VEGETATION.

DETAILED INFORMATION CONCERNING THE GRASSHOPPER PROBLEM
IN SPECIFIC AREAS CAN BE OBTAINED FROM STATE PEST
CONTROL OFFICIALS, COUNTY AGENTS, AND PLANT PEST
CONTROL DIVISION PERSONNEL.

PREPARED IN PPC, ARS, USDA
DECEMBER |, 1964

SEE

REVERSE

SIDE

VERY ABUNDANT 2s or more

GRASSHOPPERS PER SQUARE YARD

ABUNDANT 15-27 crassHopPers

PER SQUARE YARD

MODERATE 2-14 crassnoprers
| ee

PER SQUARE YARD

LIGHT 3-7 GRASSHOPPERS PER
SQUARE YARD

SOLID COLORS - RANGELAND INFESTATIONS
STIPPLED COLORS - CROPLAND INFESTATIONS

NECESSITY FOR CONTROL ON CROP OR RANGELAND NEXT SEASON
WILL DEPEND UPON TYPE OF HABITAT, SPECIES PRESENT, WEATHER,
AND CONDITION OF VEGETATION.

DETAILED INFORMATION CONCERNING THE GRASSHOPPER PROBLEM
IN SPECIFIC AREAS CAN BE OBTAINED FROM STATE PEST
CONTROL OFFICIALS, COUNTY AGENTS, AND PLANT PEST
CONTROL DIVISION PERSONNEL.

PREPARED IN PPC, ARS, USDA
DECEMBER |, 1964

UNITED STATES DEPARTMENT OF AGRICULTURE
Agricultural Research Service
Plant Pest Control Division

TO COOPERATORS :

; i | i late summer and fall of 1964

i based upon the results of cooperative grasshopper adult surveys made during the :
The Bree cnc veate Se ocand how many grasshoppers infest an area, and indicates the potential severity of infestations for 1965,
Nymphal surveys, made in the spring, determine population densities, and indicate those areas where control may be necessary in
1965.

The infestations in croplands, shown on the map in stippling, appear to have decreased in some of the North Central States
below the level which was indicated in the 1963 fall survey. Control on those lands will be handled by the farmers with technical
assistance from Division and State personnel. The infested range areas, Shown on the map in solid colors (orange, blue and red
only), total 8,711,400 acres in 14 Western and Midwestern States. Shaded areas on the map are diagrammatic. Within these areas,
infestations may be solid or spotted.

RANGELAND GRASSHOPPER INFESTATIONS - ACREAGE BY REGIONS, FALL 1964

(Moderate Populations or Above - Orange, Blue and Red)

LANDOWNERSHIP - ACRES
REGION

AND TOTAL
STATE Private and State Public Domain ACRES

LANDOWNERSHIP - ACRES

TOTAL
Private and State Public Domain ACRES

CENTRAL

Nebraska 45,000 30,000 75,000 New Mexico 5,000 -- 5,000
So. Dakota 37, 660 1,040 38,700 Oregon 185,000 20 ,000 205 , 000
Utah 234,700 471,400 706, 100
A ae aa 1,025,900 442,000 1G iene ce Bee ne 1: e008
025, 7,900 Werong 0
California 371, 400 1,800 "373,200 ae seas ee i

Idaho 269, 300 911,500 1,180,800 SOUTHERN
Montana 2,251,500 942,500 3,194,000 Oklahoma 115,300 115,300
Nevada 68 , 750 103 , 650 172,400 Texas 5,000 5,000

b]

The survey was planned and performed by the Plant Pest

State agencies concerned,

Control Division, Agricultural Research Service,

in cooperation with various

GPO 970-056

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STATES DEPARTMENT OF AGRICULTURE

AGRICULTURAL RESEARCH SERVICE

PLANT PEST CONTROL DIVISION

SURVEY AND DETECTION OPERATIONS

The Cooperative Economic Insect Report is issued
- weekly as a service to American Agriculture. Its contents
are compiled from information supplied by cooperating State,
Federal, and industrial entomologists and other agricultural
workers. In releasing this material the Division serves as
a clearing house and does rot assume responsibility for ac-
curacy of the material.

All correspondence pertaining to additions, dele-
tions and changes of addresses for the mailing
list for this report should be sent to:

Service Operations Division
Office of Plant and Operations
United States Department of Agriculture
Washington, D. C. 20250

Reports and inquiries pertaining to this release
should be mailed to: ;

Survey and Detection Operations
Plant Pest Control Division
Agricultural Research Service
United States Department of Agriculture
Federal Center Building
Hyattsville, Maryland 20781

Volume 15 ‘ January 22, 1965 Number 4

COOPERATIVE ECONOMIC INSECT REPORT

HIGHLIGHTS

GREENBUG and WINTER GRAIN MITE damaging small grains in northwest Texas. I

| o 49 spe a ‘ ; ‘ peg

Small ARMY CUTWORM larvae appearing in wheat in southwest Oklahoma. Egg clusters
of a WEEVIL (Hypera brunneipennis) heavy on alfalfa on Yuma Mesa in Arizona.
(p. 47).

LONE STAR TICK light on cattle in Pushmataha County, Oklahoma; this is first
report of year and at least one month earlier than usual. (p. 50).

DETECTION

AN ICHNEUMON (Bathyplectes curculionis), larval parasite of alfalfa weevil,
reported for first time from Illinois. This parasite has never been released in
the State. (p. 51). An ARMORED SCALE (Unaspis citri), infesting Hamlin orange
grove at Fort Pierce, is a new county record for St. Lucie County, Florida.

(p. 48).

CORRECTIONS

See page 51.

SPECIAL REPORTS

Quarterly Citrus Insect and Mite Outlook in Florida - January through March.

(p. 48). YELLOW SCALE (Aonidiella citrina) and an ARMORED SCALE (Unaspis citri)
will continue above normal levels; these will appear in groves not heretofore
infested.

Status of the Screw-worm in the Southwest, @amD3)

ee for Abundance of Forage Crop Insects in Western Massachusetts in 1964,
pp. 54-56),

Reports in this issue are for week ending January 15 unless otherwise indicated,

SAGs

WEATHER BUREAU'S 30-DAY OUTLOOK

MID-JANUARY TO MID-FEBRUARY

The Weather Bureau's 30-day outlook for mid-January to mid-February calls for
temperatures to average below seasonal normals over the eastern half of the

Nation as well as the southwestern quarter. Above normal averages are anticipated
over the Northern Plains and northern portions of the Plateau Region while near
normal temperatures are in prospect for unspecified areas. Precipitation is
expected to exceed normal from the gulf coast region northeastward through the
Atlantic Coast States and also over the southern Rockies and southern portions

of the Pacific coast. In the Northeast, much of this precipitation will be in

the form of snow. Subnormal amounts are called for over the Northwest as well as
over the upper Mississippi Valley. Elsewhere near normal amounts are predicted.

Weather forecast given here is based on the official 30-day "Resume and Outlook"
published twice a month by the Weather Bureau. You can subscribe through the
Superintendent of Documents, Washington, D. C. 20250. Price $5.00 a year.

WEATHER OF THE WEEK ENDING JANUARY 18

Temperatures averaged above normal from the Pacific Ocean to the western Great
Plains while the East experienced the coldest weather in 13 months. Moderate to
heavy snow from Illinois to the Atlantic Ocean closed some main highways and many
secondary roads,

TEMPERATURE: Temperatures warmed over the Western United States. Montana
averaged about 10 degrees warmer than normal after four weeks of continuous cold
weather. In contrast, Artic air began pouring into the northern Great Plains
from Minnesota eastward on Monday, January 11. By Saturday night, the cold front
had passed Key West, Florida. It brought an end to the warm spell which had
lasted three weeks over the Eastern United States. The temperature at Inter-
national Falls, Minnesota, went below zero on Friday, January 8, and did not rise
above zero until Saturday, the sixteenth. At Warroad, Minnesota, the mercury
plunged to 45 degrees below zero, one of the coldest temperatures in the Nation.
Memphis, Tennessee, registered 4 degrees below zero on Sunday morning, January 17.
Subfreezing temperatures occurred along the Gulf of Mexico from Corpus Christi,
Texas, to Tampa, Florida. By midnight Sunday, a new cold front was pushing
across the Great Plains and stretched from Abilene, Texas, to Lake Erie. It did
not lower temperatures much but prevented the areas from warming.

PRECIPITATION: Light precipitation fell over much of the United States during
the past week. Totals were generally less than 0.25 inch over the western half
of the Nation and less than 0.75 inch over the East. Most of the precipitation
fell as snow. Snow, generally 6 inches or more, fell Friday and Saturday from
Illinois to the Atlantic Ocean, over the Appalachians and the Piedmont. Some
areas in southern Virginia, West Virginia, North Carolina, and Massachusetts
received more than 10 inches. The mountain and Piedmont areas in Georgia and
South Carolina received 6 inches of snow. The snow blocked roads and highways.
When the weekend storm hit the New England Coast, it was accompained by winds
reaching 75 m.p.h. in gusts. Arizona, New Mexico, and much of Kansas, Oklahoma,
and Texas received no precipitation or only light sprinkles or snow flurries.
(Summary supplied by U.S, Weather Bureau).

= LG S

CEREAL AND FORAGE INSECTS

GREENBUG (Schizaphis graminum) - OKLAHOMA - Counts ranged 1-3 per linear foot in
wheat in Garfield, Major, Wagoner and Mayes Counties, in barley in Major County
and in oats in Garfield County. (Okla. Coop. Sur.). TEXAS - Damaging small
grains in northwest area of State. (Texas Coop. Rpt., Simmons).

CORN LEAF APHID (Rhopalosiphum maidis) - OKLAHOMA - Ranged 1-4 per linear foot
in wheat and barley in Major County and in oats in Garfield County. (Okla.
Coop. Sur.).

APPLE GRAIN APHID (Rhopalosiphum fitchii) - OKLAHOMA - Averaged less than 1 per
linear foot in wheat in Logan, Kingfisher and Custer Counties. (Okla. Coop. Sur.).

ENGLISH GRAIN APHID (Macrosiphum avenae) - OKLAHOMA - Averaged 1-3 per linear
foot in wheat and barley in Major County, and in wheat and oats in Garfield
County. Averaged less than 1 per linear foot in wheat in Blaine, Dewey and
Custer Counties. (Okla. Coop. Sur.).

ARMY CUTWORM (Chorizagrotis auxiliaris) - OKLAHOMA - Small larvae beginning to
appear in wheat in southwest quarter of State. (Okla. Coop. Sur.).

SOUTHWESTERN CORN BORER (Zeadiatraea grandiosella) - MISSOURI - Through 1964,

this pest had been collected in 41 counties, only 2 of which, Platte and Clay
Counties, are north of the Missouri River. "A review of survey records shows

that the “annual northerly migration of this species in the State, in certain

years, reached the following west central counties: Bates in 1959, Pettis in
1961, Henry in 1962, Vernon in 1963 and St. Clair in 1964. Survival rate in

State is very low. (Houser, Thomas, Peters).

WINTER GRAIN MITE (Penthaleus major) - OKLAHOMA - Ranged O-1.5 per linear foot
in wheat in Logan, Kingfisher and Custer Counties, (Okla. Coop. Sur.). TEXAS -
Damaging small grains in northwest area. (Texas Coop. Rpt., Simmons).

SPOTTED ALFALFA APHID (Therioaphis maculata) - OKLAHOMA - Averaged 10 per square
foot in overwintering alfalfa in Choctaw County and 1 per square foot in Major
County. None found in alfalfa checked in Payne County. (Okla. Coop. Sur.).
ARIZONA - Ranged 70-90 Bor 100 sweeps on alfalfa in Yuma area, Yuma County.
(Ariz. Coop. Sur.).

PEA APHID (Acyrthosiphon pisum) - OKLAHOMA - Averaged 5 per square foot in over-
wintering alfalfa in Major County and 2 per square foot in Choctaw County.

(Okla. Coop. Sur.). ARIZONA - Ranged 100-320 per 100 sweeps in alfalfa on Yuma
Mesa, (Ariz. Coop. Sur.). NEW MEXICO - Infestations mostly very light to light
in Dona Ana County alfalfa. (N.M. Coop. Rpt.).

THREE-CORNERED ALFALFA HOPPER (Spissistilus festinus) - NEW MEXICO - Adults noted
in most fields of alfalfa in southern Dona Ana County. (N.M, Coop. Rpt.).

ALFALFA CATERPILLAR (Colias eurytheme) - ARIZONA - Larvae ranged 20-40 per 100
sweeps in Yuma County alfalfa. (Ariz. Coop. Sur.).

A WEEVIL (Hypera brunneipennis) - ARIZONA - Egg clusters heavy on alfalfa on
Yuma Mesa. (Ariz. Coop. Sur.).

VEGETABLE WEEVIL (Listroderes costirostris obliquus) - CALIFORNIA - Heavy in lawn
locally in Stockton, San Joaquin County. (Cal. Coop. Rpt.).

AN EARWIG (Labidura riparia) - CALIFORNIA - Adults medium in lawn in San Diego,
San Diego County. (Cal. Coop. Rpt.).

2) 4g) =

FRUIT INSECTS

SAN JOSE SCALE (Aspidiotus perniciosus) - ALABAMA - Heavy, isolated infestations
on peaches, pears and apples at homes in Lee County. (Bagby).

AN ARMORED SCALE (Unaspis citri) - FLORIDA - Infested 3-year-old Hamlin orange
grove at Fort Pierce, St. Lucie County, (Lounds, Jan. 5); this is a new county
record. (Fla. Coop. Sur.). All stages severe on bark of sweet orange at
Ferndale, Lake County. (Fatic, Jan. 6).

A BARK BEETLE (Xylosandrus compactus) - FLORIDA - Scattered on stem of avocado
at Fort Myers, Lee County. (Kelley, Jan. 6).

TWIG GIRDLER (Oncideres cingulata) - ALABAMA - A few twigs of pecan and hickory
falling during windy days following girdling by adults during fall. (Barwood) .

CITRUS RED MITE (Panonychus citri) - FLORIDA - Adults severe on leaves of 2,000

inspected nursery trees of Persian lime at Goulds, Dade County. (Knowles, Jan. 4).

Quarterly Citrus Insect and Mite Outlook in Florida - January through March
This outlook is based on the assumption that weather beyond the period of the
current U.S. Weather Bureau's 30-day outlook will be normal. Therefore, the
forecast given below cannot be viewed with the same degree of confidence as
those in the "Citrus Insect and Disease Summary" usually released twice each
month,

CITRUS RUST MITE (Phyllocoptruta oleivora) population will remain below average
in January, then increase to normal in February. Moderate levels will prevail
during the period, with about 30 percent of groves developing important infesta-
tions. TEXAS CITRUS MITE (Eutetranychus banksi) and CITRUS RED MITE (Panonychus
citri) will be at low levels and are not expected to develop damaging infesta-
tions except in young groves in scattered locations. SIX-SPOTTED MITE (Eotet-
ranychus sexmaculatus) infestations will appear in late February and continue
into April. Fewer than average are expected. GLOVER SCALE (Lepidosaphes
gloverii) will continue above normal abundance and will increase in interior of
trees. YELLOW SCALE (Aonidiella citrina) and an ARMORED SCALE (Unaspis citri)
will continue above normal levels; these will appear in groves not heretofore
infested. APHIDS are expected to appear by mid-February and increase to above
normal numbers. (W. A. Simanton, (Citrus Expt. Sta., Lake Alfred)).

TRUCK CROP INSECTS

POTATO APHID (Macrosiphum euphorbiae) - CALIFORNIA - Infested lettuce plantings
locally in Fresno County. (Cal. Coop. Rpt.).

MELON APHID (Aphis gossypii) - ARIZONA - No treatment and only a few noneconomic
populations reported in Yuma area, Yuma County. (Ariz. Coop. Sur.).

CABBAGE LOOPER (Trichoplusia ni) - ARIZONA - Occasional .fully grown larva noted
on lettuce; no new hatches reported at Yuma, Yuma County. (Ariz. Coop. Sur.).

A LEAF MINER FLY (Liriomyza sp.) - FLORIDA - Caused light to moderate damage to
200 celery plants 12 inches high at Sanford, Seminole County. (Desin).

THRIPS - NEW MEXICO - Light on seedling onion fields in Las Cruces area, Dona Ana
County; averaged under 2 per plant in majority of fields. (N.M. Coop. Rpt.).

— “ie)

FOREST, ORNAMENTAL AND SHADE TREE INSECTS

SOUTHERN PINE BEETLE (Dendroctonus frontalis) - TEXAS - No new infestations
reported; no control action necessary. Evaluation survey underway to provide
information on population status. (Texas For. Pest Comm., Dec. Rpt.; Williamson).

BLACK TURPENTINE BEETLE (Dendroctonus terebrans) - TEXAS - Attacks remain constant
on National forests in northern Jasper, southeastern Houston and Trinity Counties;
101 trees treated in Jasper County. (Texas For. Pest Comm., Dec. Rpt.; Williamson).

ENGRAVER BEETLES (Ips spp.) - TEXAS - No unusual damage caused by I. avulsus,
I. grandicollis and I. calligraphus reported. (Texas For. Pest Comm., Dec.
Rpt.; Williamson). CALIFORNIA - I. latidens adults medium on Jeffrey pines in
Alturas, Modoc County. (Cal. Coop. Rpt.).

LODGEPOLE NEEDLE MINER (''Recurvaria"™ milleri) - CALIFORNIA - Heavy infestation
of probably this species noted on Jeffrey pines in Snow Valley Recreation Area,
San Bernardino National Forest. About 50 trees in 10-acre stand severely
affected; infestation appears to be spreading. (R. E. Droege, USFS).

A PSYLLID (Trioza magnoliae) - FLORIDA - Nymphs and galls severe on stem and
leaves of redbay tree on farm at Maitland, Orange County. (McLeod) .

A MEALYBUG (Pseudococcus obscurus) - CALIFORNIA - Medium on Vanda sp. nursery
stock in San Bruno, San Mateo County; infesting Monterey pine (Pinus radiata)
in Salinas, Monterey County. (Cal. Coop. Rpt.).

CAMELLIA SCALE (Lepidosaphes camelliae) - TEXAS - Caused locally heavy damage to
camellias in Jasper County. (Richardson). NORTH CAROLINA - Infested camellia
leaves in Pitt County. (Mount).

TEA SCALE (Fiorinia theae) - NORTH CAROLINA - Infested camellias in Onslow and
Wake Counties, (Mount) .

Coccids in Florida - Adults of Coccus elongatus (a soft scale) light on leaves of
Chinese fan palm (Livistona chinensis) at Oviedo, Seminole County. (McLeod,
Roberts, Desin, Jan. 5). C. hesperidum (brown soft scale) taken on leaves of
bloodleaf (Iresine herbstii) at San Mateo, Putnam County. (Graham, Dec. 23,
1964). Phenacoccus gossypii (Mexican mealybug) moderate on stem and leaves of
Texas sage (Salvia coccinea) at Naples, Collier County. (Walsh, Nelson, Jan, 6).
These are new host records for Florida Division of Plant Industry. ‘(Fla. Coop.
Sur.). All stages of Eriococcus araucariae (a dactylopid scale) infesting 25
Norfolk-Island pine trees at West Miami, Dade County. (Swanson, Jan. 5).
Ceroplastes floridensis (Florida wax scale) severe on stem and leaves of Ixora sp.
in nursery at Fort Lauderdale, Broward County, (Clinton, Jan. 7); all stages
moderate on stem of flowering pomegranate in nursery at Citra, Marion County,
(Holder, Jan. 7). Phenacaspis cockerelli (a soft scale) adults severe on Butia
capitata in nursery at Plymouth and severe on leaves of Strelitzia reginea in
nursery at Tangerine, Orange County. (Musgrove, Jan. 6, 7). Fiorinia theae

(tea scale) severe on leaves of Camellia japonica in nursery at Tangerine.
(Musgrove, Jan. 7). All stages of Pseudaulacaspis pentagona (white peach scale)
moderate on stem of 75 percent of 4,200 Ligustrum sinense in nursery at Leesburg,
Lake County. (Bentley, Jan. 8). Adults of Coccus hesperidum severe on 25
Begonia sp. plants in nursery at Plymouth. (Musgrove, Jan. 7). Diaspis echino-
Cacti (cactus scale) adults severe on cactus in nursery at Sanford, Seminole
County. (McLeod, Roberts, Jan. 4). Chrysomphalus aonidum (Florida red scale)
adults severe on leaves of English ivy at Plymouth. (Musgrove, Jan. 7). Adults
of Pseudococcus adonidum (long-tailed mealybug) severe on stem and leaves of 85
percent of 100,000 Nephthytis sp. and 85 percent of 200,000 Scindapsus sp. and
Philodendron cordatum inspected in nursery at Elkton, St. Johns County. (King,
Jan. 6).

2. Gi) =

BOXWOOD LEAF MINER (Monarthropalpus buxi) - NORTH CAROLINA - Noted in boxwood in
Wake County. (Mount).

SPIDER MITES - CALIFORNIA - Tetranychus sp., probably telarius (two-spotted
spider mite), eggs and adults medium on Ligustrum sp. in Orange, Orange County.
Eotetranychus sp., probably lewisi, heavy on Poinsettia locally in San Bernardino,
San Bernardino County. (Cal. Coop. Rpt.).

A JUNIPER BUD MITE (Trisetacus quadrisetus) - CALIFORNIA - Infested variegated
prostrate juniper in Buena Park, Orange County. (Cal. Coop. Rpt.).

INSECTS AFFECTING MAN AND ANIMALS

CATTLE GRUBS (Hypoderma spp.) - OKLAHOMA - H. lineatum (common cattle grub)
ranged 1-23 (average 6) on 25 dairy cows checked in Ellis County; ranged 0-10
(average 2.25) on steers checked in Kingfisher County. Reported moderate on
cattle in Latimer and Cotton Counties; ranged 1-10 on 25 percent of beef cattle
in Bryan County. (Okla. Coop. Sur.). UTAH - Controls applied to 5,000 head of
eattle in Uintah County and 1,500 head in Daggett County for Hypoderma spp.
(Bendixsen, Knowlton).

CATTLE LICE - UTAH - Controls applied to 9,500 head of cattle in Uintah County.
(Bendixsen, Knowlton). OKLAHOMA - Several species moderate on cattle in Cotton
Washita and Pushmataha Counties and light in Bryan County. (Okla. Coop. Sur.).
NORTH CAROLINA - Solenopotes capillatus (a biting louse) infested beef cattle
on farm in Hertford County. Det. by W. G. Bruce. (Ballentine).

HOG LOUSE (Haematopinus suis) - OKLAHOMA - Moderate on hogs in Stephens County.
(Okla. Coop. Sur.

LONE STAR TICK (Amblyomma americanum) - OKLAHOMA - Ranged 1-5 per head (light)
on cattle in Pushmataha County. This is first report of year and at least 1
month earlier than usual. (Okla. Coop. Sur.).

WINTER TICK (Dermacentor albipictus) - OKLAHOMA - Light infestations noted on
cattle in Stephens County. (Okla. Coop. Sur.).

A BROWN SPIDER (Loxosceles reclusa) - OKLAHOMA - Found in house in Kay County
and in office in Payne County. (Okla. Coop. Sur.).

HOUSEHOLD AND STRUCTURAL INSECTS

ANTS - MARYLAND - Monomorium pharaonis (Pharaoh ant) infesting building in College
Park, Prince Georges County. (U. Md., Ent. Dept.). CALIFORNIA - Adults of
Pheidole sp. medium and entering home in Modesto, Stanislaus County. (Cal. Coop.
Rpt.).

A BARK BEETLE (Pseudopityophthorus pubipennis) - CALIFORNIA - Adults medium in
home in Yreka, Siskiyou County, and damaging nylon carpeting in home in Santa
Maria, Santa Barbara County. (Cal. Coop. Rpt.).

STORED-PRODUCT INSECTS

HIDE BEETLE (Dermestes maculatus) - NORTH CAROLINA - Damaged hams in meathouse
in Alamance County. Det. by D. A. Mount. (Coble).

SSIS

BENEFICIAL INSECTS

Beneficial Insects in Alabama - Numerous beneficial insects occurring and feeding
in home gardens and on shrubs, due to warm days and abundance of prey. Noted in
home gardens: COVERGENT LADY BEETLE (Hippodamia convergens) ; BRACONID WASPS
feeding heavily on aphids on collards, cabbages and turnips; a BIG-EYED BUG
(Geocoris punctipes) and FLOWER FLY larvae feeding on aphids. (McQueen).

AN ICHNEUMON (Bathyplectes curculionis) - ILLINOIS - Reared from larvae of Hypera
postica (alfalfa weevil) collected during May and June 1964 in Effingham, Massac
and Pulaski Counties. This is a new State record, This parasitic species has
never been released in State. Det. by L. M. Walkley. (Dysart).

A PHYTOSEIID MITE (Amblyseius hibisci) - FLORIDA - Adults extremely numerous on
leaves of 50 inspected nursery plants of Troyer citrange at Goulds, Dade County.
(Knowles, Jan, 4).

A PARASITIC NEMATODE (Hexamermis sp.) - ILLINOIS - What is possibly H. arvalis
was reared from a larva of Hypera postica (alfalfa weevil) collected June II,
1964, in Massac County. Det. by H. M. Welch. If positive determination is
made, this will be a new State record. (Dysart).

CORRECTIONS
CEIR 15(3) :38 - Changes in Spellings in Some Scientific Names - Epiblema otosiana

and Epiblema otosianum should read Epiblema otiosana and Epiblema otiosanum,
This same error appears in Bull. Entomol. Soc. Am. 10 (1) :30.

LIGHT TRAP COLLECTIONS

Precip-
‘Tempera-/itation/Type of
ture °F./(inches)/ trap *

19

69

52

17

19

31

43

20

BL

BL

Gainesville 1/11

FLORIDA

39-71 /0.3

Tifton 1/7-13

GEORGIA

TEXAS

56-80/0.01 |5 BL

Brownsville 1/1-7

{o)

;

MV = mercury vapor

incandescent;

I=

blacklight

BL =

; pepp. = pepper; pot.

= peanut
TC = truck crops (unspecified or mixed)

cole crops (crucifers); cott. = cotton; FC
pean,

lettuce;
soy. = soybean

; cole

(unspecified)

beet and/or sugar beet
legumes (unspecified); lett.

leg.
sol, = solanaceous plants

= tomato.

;
i
tom,

= alfalfa; beet = garden
sweet corn
= tobacco

grein = small grains
sc
tob.

alf.

**

= 53) =

STATUS OF THE SCREW-WORM (Cochliomyia hominivorax) IN THE SOUTHWEST

During the period January 10-16, one screw-worm case each was reported from Live Oak
and Hidalgo Counties, TEXAS. The Republic of Mexico reported 57 cases: 1 each in
Durango and Tamaulipas, 4 in Nuevo Leon, 2 in Coahuila, 9 in Chihuahua and 40 in
Sonora. No sterile flies were released in New Mexico; 6,534,250 released in Texas,
7,680,000 in Arizona and 56,954,800 in Mexico.

Ratio of Positive Cases

Positive Cases Negative Cases to 100 Cases Negative
Year Current Cumulative Current Cumulative Current Cumulative
Table 1. Comparison of specimens reported during corresponding weeks in 1963

and 1964 in Southwestern Eradication Area.

1963 51 82 15 69 340.00 118.84
1964 (0) 10) 26 78 0.00 0.00
1965 2 3 63 192 hg al? 1.56

Table 2. Comparison of specimens reported during corresponding weeks and in

a corresponding area in 1964 in the United States-Mexico Barrier Zone.*

1964 8 54 13 28 61.53 192.85
1965 57 143 61 108 93.44 132.40

Table 2A. Mexican portion of Barrier Zone only.

1964 bs) ol 5 11 100.00 463.63
1965 56 141 44 65 127.27 216.92

* Barrier Zone -— Area in which screw-worm eradication operations are being carrie
out in an effort to prevent establishment of self-sustaining screw-worm popula-
tion in the United States. (Anim. Dis. Erad. Div.).

Figures —- Number of cases reported
in infested counties for
period January 10 - 16

cmece=se= Jimits of Barrier Zone

unsuesuenenene T.inear drop along river
valleys

= "5a

Survey for the Abundance of Forage Crop Insects
in Western Massachusetts in 1964

F. R. Shaw, R. A. Callahan and F. R. Holbrook

During the growing season of 1964, collections of insects from fields of alfalfa
or alfalfa mixtures were made systematically in Berkshire, Hampshire and Hampden
Counties, with a few collections made in Franklin and Worcester Counties.
Sampling was done from April 27 to November 24. Each sample consisted of 100
sweeps with a 15-inch sweep net. A total of 111,817 insects was collected and
identified.

A report of forage crop insect abundance during the spring of 1964 was published
in CEIR 14(41):1136-1137. The present summary includes all of the insects
collected and identified during the 1964 season. The summarized data appear in
Table 1.

During the period 1958-1961, distribution of forage crop insects for the entire
seasons was determined. These have been averaged, and a comparison of this
average with the abundance for 1964 appears in Table II.

From these data, it is obvious that aphids, primarily pea aphid (Acyrthosiphon
pisum), were less abundant than in 1964. Pea aphid did not increase in early
season as usual. Most of the aphids were collected after June 20.

Plant bugs were less abundant in 1964 than previously. Tarnished plant bug

(Lygus lineolaris) was most numerous. Large populations of Plagiognathus politus,
rapid plant bug (Adelphocoris rapidus) and Halticus spp. did not materialize in
1964. r

Leafhopper numbers were about equal to the average for 1958-1961. Potato leaf-
hopper (Empoasca fabae) was not as abundant in the early part of the season, up
to June 20, but had reached normal abundance by fall. Errastunus ocellaris
continued abundant in the western portion of State. Six-spotted leafhopper
(Macrosteles fascifrons) was not as abundant in 1964 as previously.

Beetles, primarily alfalfa weevil (Hypera postica), showed a marked increase,
amounting to almost 30 percent of the total in comparison with an average of 3.1
for the 1958-1961 period. Alfalfa weevil caused moderate to severe damage to
most untreated fields in western Massachusetts during 1964.

Spittlebugs were slightly less abundant than usual in 1964 and somewhat spotty
in distribution. Largest populations occurred in southern Berkshire County.

Lepidoptera were about as abundant in 1964 as during the 1958-1961 period
although alfalfa caterpillar (Colias eurytheme) was less abundant. Orthoptera
were less abundant than usual in 1964; however, appreciable numbers occurred in
some fields, particularly during late summer. Beneficial insects were less
numerous than in other years. This may be related to low aphid populations,
particularly in early season.

In addition to surveys of populations of insects attacking alfalfa and alfalfa-
grass mixtures, observations were made on oviposition by alfalfa weevil. These
results appear in Table III. It should be noted that observations were made in
the same field in 1963 and 1964. Observations were continued over a longer
period in 1964 than in 1963; however, during October and early November, dates
of collection were essentially the same for both years.

It is evident that there was much less oviposition in the fall of 1964 than during
the same period in 1963. In the comparable periods, 670 eggs were deposited in
1963 compared with 40 in 1964.

= 515

Counts were made of weevils collected from the same field to determine if there
was a relationship between weevil abundance and oviposition. Data showed that
during the period September 24 to November 19, 1963, approximately 1,760 specimens
(all stages) and 400 adults were collected.

In 1964, during period September 22 to November 24, totals of 122 specimens of
all stages and 42 adults were collected. Hence, there were definitely fewer
adults in this field in 1964. Reasons for this difference are not known. It
appears that migration from aestivation quarters to alfalfa in the fall of 1964
was minimal in comparison with that of 1963.

Table I - Abundance of Forage Crop Insects in Western Massachusetts, 1964

Insect Name or Group Percent
Of Group Of Total

Aphids 49.4

Plant bugs: 39.2
Lygus lineolaris 64.
Adelphocoris lineolatus ial
Trigonotylus ruficornis 10.
Leptopterna dolabratus 3.
Megaloceraea recticornis il
Others 6.

oOooOhUr

Leafhoppers: HOPE
Empoasca fabae 20.
Endria inimica iL?
Aceratagallia sanguinolenta 17

Errastunus ocellaris 16.

@
6
4
8

Macrosteles fascifrons
Aphrodes costata
Doratura stylata
Others

aunoorpAO

Beetles: 29.8
Hypera postica 97
Sitona hispidula al
Elaterids O.
Others (0)

adea

Spittlebugs 13
Lepidoptera 0.7
Orthoptera 0.3

Beneficial Arthropods: 2.7
Coccinellids (lady beetles) BS,
Spiders and harvestmen 30.
Damsel bugs 27.
Green lacewings 4,
Syrphids oF
Orius spp. (flower bugs) alles

NROPWH

= BB

Table II _ Abundance of Forage Crop Insects in Massachusetts

Average Incidence

1958-1961 1964
Group Percent Percent
Aphids 60.6 49.4
Plant bugs 13.3 5.2
Leafhoppers 10.7 LO;
Beetles 3.1 29.8
Spittlebugs ae 1.3
Lepidoptera 0.6 0.7
Orthoptera VS. 0.3
Sawflies 0.3 0.2
Beneficial insects 3.6 2.7
Miscellaneous insects Ib g 0.3

Table III - Alfalfa Weevil Oviposition, New Marlboro, Massachusetts, 1963 and 1964

1963 1964

: Number of Number Number of Number
Date Punctures of Eggs Date Punctures of Eggs
ee Sept. 22 2 12
Ocitee 2 45 225 Octane 3 (0)
Ocitrs (is 38 90 Oct. 15 2 (0)
Oct. 24 37 81 Oct. 22 2 fe)
Oct. 31 63 93 Oct. 29 5 40
Nov. 10 69 151 Nov. 11 4 fe)
SSS Nov. 19 6 40
=--— : Nov. 24 4 16
Total punctures = 252 Total punctures = 16

Oct. 2 —- Nov. 10 Oct Novae

Total eggs = 670 Total eggs = 40

ae
Bin eae fy:
EAE

4
ah

\DEP A |

DB STATES

o> January 29,
fF qait y’ (

GRICULTURAL R

AGRICULTURAL RESEARCH SERVICE

PLANT PEST CONTROL DIVISION

SURVEY AND DETECTION OPERATIONS

The Cooperative Economic Insect Report is issued
weekly as a service to American Agriculture. Its contents
are compiled from information supplied by cooperating State,
Federal, and industrial entomologists and other agricultural
workers. In releasing this material the Division serves as
a clearing house and does rot assume responsibility for ac-
curacy of the material.

All correspondence pertaining to additions, dele-
tions and changes of addresses for the mailing
list for this report should be sent to:

Service Operations Division
Office of Plant and Operations
United States Department of Agriculture
Washington, D. C. 20250

Reports and inquiries pertaining to this release
should be mailed to:

Survey and Detection Operations
Plant Pest Control Division
Agricultural Research Service
United States Department of Agriculture
Federal Center Building
Hyattsville, Maryland 20781

Volume 15 January 29, 1965 Number 5

COOPERATIVE ECONOMIC INSECT REPORT

HIGHLIGHTS

BLACK CUTWORM larvae average 3 per linear foot and damaging wheat in Kingfisher
County, Oklahoma. Increases in SPOTTED ALFALFA APHID population size noted in
infested alfalfa in Yuma, Maricopa and Pinal Counties, Arizona; however, only
small number of fields infested at this time. PEA APHID counts increasing in
alfalfa in same counties. Adults of a WEEVIL (Hypera brunneipennis) averaged
100 per 100 sweeps in alfalfa on Yuma Mesa in Arizona, Heavy egg deposition
reported in CEIR 15(4):47. (p. 59).

TEXAS LEAF-CUTTING ANT stripping leaves from citrus trees in widespread areas
of northern Hidalgo County, Texas. HICKORY SHUCKWORM larval survival rather
high in Alabama, as indicated by examination of pecan shucks. (p. 60).

Several APHIDS of concern on truck crops: CABBAGE APHID heavy on cabbage and
collards in Alabama; POPLAR PETIOLE GALL APHID heavy on turnip roots throughout
central and southern Alabama; GREEN PEACH APHID increasing on spinach in Zavala
County, Texas; MELON APHID increasing on lettuce in Yuma County, Arizona, with
controls required in heavily infested fields. (pp. 60, 61).

DETECTION

A BERMUDA-GRASS MITE (Aceria neocynodonis) reported for first time from Oklahoma,
Also reported for the first time from Jackson and Woods Counties. (p. 59).

Other new county and parish records reported included GOLDEN OAK SCALE (Astero-
lecanium variolosum) from Peoria County, Illinois, (p. 62); IMPORTED FIRE ANT
(Solenopsis saevissima richteri) from Putnam County, Georgia, and Natchitoches
Parish, Louisiana, (p. 65); and a CARPENTER ANT (Camponotus quercicola) in

Contra Costa County, California, (p. 65).

SPECIAL REPORTS

Interceptions of Special Interest at U.S. Ports of Entry. (pp. 67-68).

Reports in this issue are for week ending January 22, unless otherwise indicated.

=- 58 -

WEATHER OF THE WEEK ENDING JANUARY 25

General warming occurred over the eastern United States during the past week.
In contrast, temperatures dropped over most of the West but were still above
normal. Moderate to heavy snow fell from the central Great Plains to New England.

TEMPERATURE: Temperatures averaged above normal over most of the area from the
Pacific Ocean to the Great Lakes in the north and to the Appalachians in the south.
For portions of the area, the above-normal temperatures had persisted for the
third consecutive week. Although still warmer than normal, in the vicinity of the
Central Rockies many areas were 8° to 12° cooler than the previous week. The
Eastern States warmed noticeably. Many eastern locations averaged 8° to 15°
warmer than the previous week. Although warmer than last week, locations along
the Atlantic still averaged cooler than normal.

PRECIPITATION: No precipitation of consequence fell over the valley of the Red
River of the North, and over spots in Arizona, New Mexico, and western Texas.
Generally, light precipitation fell over most other areas from the Pacific Ocean
to the western Great Plains. Later in the week, moderate to heavy rains fell
over a band extending from east-central Texas to western Georgia, with heaviest
amounts in the extreme southern portions of Mississippi and Alabama. Most of the
area from eastern Texas to Lake Michigan and eastward received beneficial amounts
except that falls were lighter in and near Kentucky.

SNOW AND GLAZE: A major storm dumped 6 to 10 inches of snow from the central
Great Plains to New England. Sleet and freezing rain fell south of the heavy

snow belt becoming especially severe in the vicinity of Chicago, Illinois.
Nebraska and western Kansas south to the Oklahoma panhandle received a very
beneficial snow cover. In the Central and Eastern States, the snow cover remained
mostly in the Great Lakes area and from southeast Pennsylvania northeastward.
(Summary supplied by U.S. Weather Bureau.

LAS OMe

CEREAL AND FORAGE INSECTS

GREENBUG (Schizaphis graminum) - ARKANSAS - Counts ranged 8-10 per linear foot
in wheat in northwest section; no increase apparent. (Ark. Ins Sur.) -

OKLAHOMA - Ranged 0-5 per linear foot in wheat in Adair, Cherokee, Muskogee,
Wagoner, Carter, Johnston, Bryan and Tillman Counties, (Okla. Coop. Sur.). NEW
MEXICO - Averaged 0-3 per linear foot in small grain fields checked in Curry and
Roosevelt Counties. (N.M. Coop. Rpt.).

ENGLISH GRAIN APHID (Macrosiphum avenae) - OKLAHOMA - Ranged 2-5 per linear foot
in wheat in Johnston, Bryan and Tillman Counties; averaged less than 1 per linear
foot in Carter County. Aphids reproducing in Bryan County. (Okla. Coop. Sur.).
ARKANSAS - Numbers decreased to low level in northwest area. Only few winged
forms noted. (Ark. Ins. Sur.).

CORN LEAF APHID (Rhopalosiphum maidis) - OKLAHOMA - Averaged 3 per linear foot
in wheat in Cotton County. (Okla. Coop. Sur.).

APPLE GRAIN APHID (Rhopalosiphum fitchii) - ARKANSAS - Few scattered specimens
found on wheat in northwest section of State. (Ark. Ins. Sur.) .

BLACK CUTWORM (Agrotis ipsilon) - OKLAHOMA - Populations of second and third-stage
larvae, averaging 3 per linear foot, damaging wheat on overflow land in Kingfisher
County. (Okla. Coop. Sur.).

SOUTHWESTERN CORN BORER (Zeadiatraea grandiosella) - OKLAHOMA - In field in Bryan
County, 52 percent of dry cornstalks checked had been infested; 12 percent
contained live larvae. One cornstalk contained 2 live larvae. Checks negative
in 3 fields in Muskogee County. (Okla. Coop. Sur.).

WINTER GRAIN MITE (Penthaleus major) - OKLAHOMA - Found in wheat in one field in
Bryan County (10 per linear foot) and one field in Carter County (less than 1
per linear foot). (Okla. Coop. Sur.).

VEGETABLE WEEVIL (Listroderes costirostris obliquus) - CALIFORNIA - Heavy larval
populations developing in lawns locally in Stockton, San Joaquin County. (Cal.
Coop. Rpt.).

A BERMUDA-GRASS MITE (Aceria neocynodonis) - OKLAHOMA - Damaged 4 Bermuda grass
lawns in Oklahoma City, Oklahoma County, during week ending July 11; damaged
Bermuda grass lawns in Altus, Jackson County, week ending October 3 (CEIR 14(41):
1127); and collected from Bermuda grass at Alva, Woods County, during November
1964, All determined A. neocynodonis by E. W. Baker. Infestations reported on
above mentioned dates, but notes withheld until determinations made. (Okla.
Coop. Sur.). Oklahoma City collection constitutes a new State record. Jackson
and Woods Counties are new county records. (PPC).

SPOTTED ALFALFA APHID (Therioaphis maculata) - ARIZONA - Increases in population
size noted in infested fields in Yuma, Maricopa and Pinal Counties. Only small
humber of fields infested at present. (Ariz. Coop. Sur.). OKLAHOMA - Averaged
10 per square foot in overwintering alfalfa in Choctaw County. (Okla. Coop.
Sur.). ARKANSAS - Surveys negative in northwest area. (Ark. Ins. Sur.).

PEA APHID (Acyrthosiphon pisum) - ARIZONA - Counts increasing rapidly in alfalfa
in Yuma, Maricopa and Pinal Counties. (Ariz. Coop. Sur.). ARKANSAS - Counts
remain about same as previously reported in northwest area legumes; ranged 5-15
per square foot. (Ark. Ins. Sur.).

A WEEVIL (Hypera brunneipennis) - ARIZONA - Adults averaged 100 per 100 sweeps
in alfalfa on Yuma Mesa in Yuma County. Few adults appearing in areas of Maricopa
County. (Ariz. Coop. Sur.).

GORE

ALFALFA CATERPILLAR (Colias eurytheme) - ARIZONA - Counts per 100 sweeps averaged
40 in Yuma County and 55 in Buckeye area of Maricopa County. (Ariz. Coop. Sur.).

FRUIT INSECTS

Citrus Insect Situation in Florida - Mid-January - CITRUS RUST MITE (Phyllocop-
truta oleivora) infested 59 percent of groves (norm 67 percent); 44 percent
economic (norm 44 percent). Increased slightly and near normal level for January.
Further increase expected. Infestations heavier on leaves than on furit. Highest
districts south and west. TEXAS CITRUS MITE (Eutetranychus banksi) infested 34
percent of groves (norm 26 percent); 14 percent economic (norm 8 percent).
Although above normal, it is in low range and few infestations are heavy. Increase
expected; highest districts north and south. CITRUS RED MITE (Panonychus citri)
infested 33 percent of groves (norm 56 percent); 7 percent economic (norm 27
percent). Continues near record low level. Although slight increase expected,
very few infestations will be important. Highest districts west and north.
SIX-SPOTTED MITE (Eotetranychus sexmaculatus) appearing in a few groves; no
important infestations expected before late February. GLOVER SCALE (Lepidosaphes
gloverii) above normal; in high range. Little change expected; highest districts
south and east. PURPLE SCALE (L. beckii) below normal; im moderate range. Little
change expected; highest districts South and east. CHAFF SCALE (Parlatoria
pergandii) above normal; in moderate range. Decrease expected; highest districts
south and east. BLACK SCALE (Saissetia oleae) much above normal; in low range.
Decrease expected; highest districts east and south, YELLOW SCALE (Aonidiella
citrina) above normal; in moderate range. Decrease expected; highest districts
central and south. WHITEFLIES present and above normal numbers for January in
egg, larva and adult forms. MEALYBUG population slightly above low level normal
for January. (W. A. Simanton (Citrus Expt. Sta., Lake Alfred)).

TEXAS LEAF-CUTTING ANT (Atta texana) - TEXAS - Stripping leaves from citrus in
widespread areas of northern Hidalgo County. Populations apparently increasing.
(Tex. Coop. Rpt., Page).

MEXICAN FRUIT FLY (Anastrepha ludens) - MEXICO - Total of 220 marked, sterile
flies recovered at Tijuana and Tecate, Baja California; no sterile flies released.
(PPC Mex. Reg., Dec. Rpt.).

CITRUS BLACKFLY (Aleurocanthus woglumi) - Chemical Control Zone - Ten additional
infested trees found in Nuevo Leon; 23 trees now infested in grove with total of
183 infested leaves. Biological Control Zone - Total of 83,400 specimens of

Prospaltella opulenta (a eulophid) captured in grove in Tamaulipas for release
in other groves. (PPC Mex. Reg., Dec. Rpt.).

SAN JOSE SCALE (Aspidiotus perniciosus) - FLORIDA - Adults light on stem of pear
at Beresford, Volusia County. (Roberts).

HICKORY SHUCKWORM (Laspeyresia caryana) - ALABAMA - Examinations of pecan shucks
indicate rather high survival of larvae. (McQueen).
TRUCK CROP INSECTS

CABBAGE APHID (Brevicoryne brassicae) - ALABAMA - Continues heavy on cabbage and
collards in Tallapoosa, Elmore, and Macon Counties. (Busby, Barwood, et al.).

POPLAR PETIOLE GALL APHID (Pemphigus populitransversus) - ALABAMA - Continues
rather heavy on turnip roots throughout central and southern sections. (McQueen) .

GREEN PEACH APHID (Myzus persicae) - TEXAS - Populations increasing on spinach in
Zavala County. (Frers).

LwiGite =

MELON APHID (Aphis gossypii) - ARIZONA - Increasing in lettuce fields of Yuma
County. Controls required in heavily infested fields. (Ariz. Coop. Sur.).

CABBAGE LOOPER (Trichoplusia ni) - FLORIDA - Caused light damage to 200 young
celery and 200 young cabbage plants at Sanford, Seminole County. (Desin).
ARIZONA - Increased slightly in vegetable fields in Yuma and Maricopa Counties.
Controls continue to be necessary. (Ariz. Coop. Sur.).

A TISCHERIID LEAF MINER (Tischeria aenea) - FLORIDA - Larvae light to severe on
Brazos blackberry at Groveland, Lake County. (Henderson, Jan. 14).

RED-NECKED CANE BORER (Agrilus ruficollis) - TEXAS - Larvae, probably this
species, caused heavy local damage to blackberries in Harris County. (Portie).

SWEETPOTATO WEEVIL (Cylas formicarius elegantulus) - Surveys in Charleston,
Beaufort and Jasper Counties, SOUTH CAROLINA, negative except for wild host
infestations in city of Charleston. Newly infested properties found in Covington,
Monroe and Houston Counties, ALABAMA; 1 property released from regulation in
Houston County. Surveys in GEORGIA revealed 2 newly infested properties in Bacon
County and 4 in Ware County; one property in Lowndes County released from
regulation. Many small properties in southern Grady County heavily infested in
1963 now free of infestation. Five new infestations found in Perry County and

17 in Jefferson Davis County, MISSISSIPPI. New infestations on 62 properties in
9 LOUISIANA parishes found; 26 properties in 3 parishes released from regulation,
(PPC South. Reg., Dec. Rpt.).

BROWN SOFT SCALE (Coccus hesperidum) - FLORIDA - Adults light on stem of Brazos
blackberry at Homeland, Polk County. (Snell, Eisenschenk, Jan. 14).

TWO-SPOTTED SPIDER MITE (Tetranychus telarius) - FLORIDA - Adults, probably this
species, moderate on 25 percent of 100 strawberry plants at Plant City, Hills-
borough County. (Custead, Jan. 7).

COTTON INSECTS

PINK BOLLWORM (Pectinophora gossypiella) - FLORIDA - Larvae taken on wild cotton

(Gossypium hirsutum) at 2 locations at Cape Sable, Monroe County (Weaver, Allford,
Jan. 14); and at Marco Island, Collier County (Bell, Thompson, Carpenter, Jan,11).

FOREST, ORNAMENTAL AND SHADE TREE INSECTS

SOUTHERN PINE BEETLE (Dendroctonus frontalis) - NORTH CAROLINA - Killed loblolly
and pond pines in spots in northern Beaufort and southern Washington Counties and
loblolly pine in spots in northeastern Hertford County. New infestations noted
in 8-county area around Lexington, Davidson County. (Greene) .

NANTUCKET PINE TIP MOTH (Rhyacionia frustrana) - OKLAHOMA - Heavy damage noted on
small pines in Coal County. @killaeiCoopemsur.» i

A CONIFER APHID - NEW MEXICO - Light to heavy on terminal growth of ponderosa
pine in residential areas of Albuquerque, Bernalillo County. (N.M. Coop. Rpt.)..

PINE NEEDLE SCALE (Phenacaspis pinifoliae) - NEW MEXICO - Very heavy on ponderosa
pine at shopping center in Albuquerque, Bernalillo County. (N.M. Coop. Rpt.).

A CECIDOMYIID MIDGE - TEXAS - Unspecified species causing galls on pines in
Madison County. (Garrett).

LADS

GOLDEN OAK SCALE (Asterolecanium variolosum) - ILLINOIS - Collected from oak
near Peoria, Peoria County, in July 1964. Det. by L. J. Stannard. (iI11. Ins.
Rpt.). This is a new county record. Serious infestations were reported in the
Chicago area in July 1930. (PPC).

BAGWORM (Thyridopteryx ephemeraeformis) - ALABAMA - Bags extremely heavy on cedar,
arborvitae and junipers; also present on willow, maple, pecan, forsythia and other
shrubs in north and central sections. Examinations show eggs overwintering in
excellent condition. (Barwood, et al.).

ALALEA LEAF MINER (Gracilaria azaleella) - FLORIDA - Larvae severe on leaves of
2,000 azalea plants in nursery at Fairvilla, Orange County. (Griffith, Jan. 13).

A PYRALID MOTH (Herculia phaezalis) - CALIFORNIA - Larvae heavy on leaves of
Italian cypress in Del Rey, Fresno County. (Cal. Coop. Rpt.).

A TWIG BORER (Amphicerus cornatus) - CALIFORNIA - Adults heavy in trunks of
living palm trees in Rialto, San Bernardino County. (Cal. Coop. Rpt.).

OLEANDER APHID (Aphis nerii) - FLORIDA - Adults severe on stem and leaves of
1,000 common waxplants (Hoya carnosa) in nursery in Zellwood, Orange County.
(Musgrove, Jan. 13).

EUONYMUS SCALE (Unaspis euonymi) - NEW MEXICO - Light to very heavy on euonymus

in commercial and residential areas of Albuquerque, Bernalillo County. (N.M.

Coop. Rpt.). TEXAS - Heavily damaging holly, locally, in Lavaca County. (McLeod).
OKLAHOMA - Damaging euonymus plants in Stillwater, Payne County. (Okla. Coop.
Sur.));

COCCIDS - FLORIDA - All stages of Howardia biclavis (mining scale) severe on 65
crape-jasmine (Tabernaemontana coronaria) and Pinnaspis strachani (an armored
scale) moderate on stem of Hibiscus rosa-chinensis at nursery in Miami, Dade
County. (Herrmann, Jan. 12). Adults of Pseudaulacaspis pentagona (white peach
scale) infesting stems of 32 peach trees in nursery at Jacksonville, Dade County
(King, Jan. 13); all stages severe on stems of 25 California privet plants in
nursery at Mascotte, Lake County (Henderson, Jan 12). Ceroplastes floridensis
(Florida wax scale) adults taken on stem and leaves of African boxwood (Myrsine
africana) in nursery at Pembroke, Polk County (Snell, J. C. Denmark, Jan. 7);
all stages severe on goldenrain-tree (Koelreuteria paniculata) in nursery at
Mascotte (Henderson, Jan, 12); infesting stem of rosemary (Ceratiola ericoides)
in nursery at Lake Como, Putnam County (Graham). These all new host records for
Florida Division of Plant Industry. (Fla. Coop. Sur.). All stages of Fiorinia
theae (tea scale) severe on leaves of holly in nursery at Mount Dora, Lake
County. (Fatic, Jan. 12). Icerya purchasi (cottony-cushion scale) nymphs light
and scattered on stem of trifoliate orange at Winter Haven, Polk County. (Keen,
Hooten, Jan. 13). This is new host record for Florida Division of Plant
Industry. (Fla. Coop. Sur.). All stages of Phenacoccus gossypii (Mexican mealy-
bug) scattered and moderate to severe on leaves of croton (Codiaeum sp.) in
nursery at Rockledge, Brevard County. (Levan, Holley, Jan. 14). All stages of
Toumeyella liriodendri (tuliptree scale) severe on 4 percent of 400 southern
magnolia in nursery in Glen St. Mary, Baker County. (Collins, Jan. 14).
Ceroplastes sp. (a wax scale) scattered, moderate to severe, on stem and leaves
of schefflera (Brassaia actinophylla) in nursery in Rockledge (Levan, Holley,
Jan. 14); nymphs moderate on stem and leaves of Tabebuia sp. at Orlando, Orange
County (Kipp, Jan. 14). NORTH CAROLINA - Chrysomphalus aonidum (Florida red
scale) infesting leaves of boxwood in Wake County (det. by D. L. Wray), and
Fiorinia theae infesting camellia in Lenoir County. (Mount). TEXAS - Dactylopius
confusus (a dactylopiid scale) caused heavy, local damage to cactus in Denton
County. (Turney). CALIFORNIA - Adults of Pseudococcus obscurus (a mealybug)
infested berries of Aglaonema commutatum nursery stock in Colma, San Mateo
County.) (Call, Coop). mRptmr

+ @e

GREENHOUSE ORTHEZIA (Orthezia insignis) - FLORIDA - All stages light to moderate
on golden dewdrop and Texas sage (Leucophyllum frutescens) in nursery at Miami,
Dade County. (Herrmann, Jan. 12).

TUMID SPIDER MITE (Tetranychus tumidus) - FLORIDA - Adults moderate on leaves of
philodendron in nursery at Plymouth, Orange County. (Musgrove).

A SPIDER MITE (Tetranychus cinnabarinus) - OKLAHOMA - The spider mite reported in
CEIR 14(52) :1308 damaging euonymus in Stillwater, Payne County, determined this
species by E. W. Baker. (Okla. Coop. Sur.).

INSECTS AFFECTING MAN AND ANIMALS

STATUS OF THE SCREW-WORM (Cochliomyia hominivorax) IN THE SOUTHWEST
This was another week free of screw-worm infestations in the Southwestern
Eradication Area as well as in States not included in the area. During the
period January 17-23, the Republic of Mexico reported 53 cases: Sonora 44,

Chihuahua 6 and Tamaulipas 3. Sterile screw-worm flies not released in New
Mexico and Arizona; 7,074,250 released in Texas and 57,233,200 released in Mexico.

Ratio of Positive Cases.
Positive Cases Negative Cases to 100 Cases Negative
Year Current Cumulative Current Cumulative Current Cumulative

Table 1. Comparison of specimens reported during corresponding weeks in
1963 and 1964 in Southwestern Eradication Area,

1963 29 alatal 9 78 322,22 142,30
1964 0) (0) 30 108 0.00 0.00
1965 0) 3 41 233 0.00 1,28

Table 2. Comparison of specimens reported during corresponding weeks and
in a corresponding area in 1964 in the United States—-Mexico
Barrier Zone.*

1964 11 65 5 33 220.00 196.96
1965 53 196 28 136 189.28 144,11

Table 2A, Mexican portion of Barrier Zone only.

1964 11 62 3 14 366.67 442.85
1965 53 194 15 80 353.33 242.50

* Barrier Zone + Area in which screw-worm eradication operations are being
carried out in an effort to prevent establishment of self-sustaining screw-
worm population in the United States. (Anim, Dis. Erad, Div.)

CATTLE GRUBS (Hypoderma spp.) - GEORGIA - H. lineatum (common cattle grub)
averaged 0.3 larva per head in herd of 102 animals in Spalding County January 8;
none found in another 51 animals in Putnam County January 14. Averaged 0.5

larva per head in herd of 112 animals in Putnam County January 13. (Roberts).
OKLAHOMA ~- H. lineatum larvae ranged 1-25 per head on 25 percent of cattle checked
in Bryan County. Okla. Coop. Sur.). UTAH - One hundred cattle treated in
Panguitch area, Garfield County. (Knowlton, Lindsay).

MOSQUITOES - TEXAS - Very little activity reported in Jefferson County during
December 1964, (Jefferson Co. Mosq. Cont. Comm., Dec, Rpt.). FLORIDA - High
populations reported in Cape Sable area, Monroe County. (Fla. Coop. Sur., Jan. 15).

—G4a—

CATTLE LICE - GEORGIA - Linognathus vituli (long-nosed cattle louse) and
Solenopotes capillatus (a biting louse) light on 102 head of cattle in Spalding
County; averaged 1.3 per square inch January 8. These 2 species averaged 0.1
per square inch on another 51 head of cattle in same county January 14. In
Putnam County, infestations averaged 2 per square inch on 112 head January 12.
(Roberts). NORTH CAROLINA - Light numbers of Bovicola bovis (cattle biting
louse) noted on 12 young dairy animals in Johnston County. (Mount). OKLAHOMA -
Several species reported moderate on cattle in Bryan and Pushmataha Counties.
(Okla. Coop. Sur.). UTAH - Conspicuous in some herds in Kane County. (Knowlton).
Numerous in some herds in Garfield County; 1,500 cattle treated. (Knowlton,
Lindsay).

HOG LOUSE (Haematopinus suis) - OKLAHOMA - Light on hogs in Nowata County.
(Okla. Coop. Sur.).

LONE STAR TICK (Amblyomma americanum) - OKLAHOMA - Light (4 per head) noted on
cows in Pushmataha County. (Okla. Coop. Sur.).

BROWN DOG TICK (Rhipicephalus sanguineus) - OKLAHOMA - {ausing concern in several
homes in Logan and Payne Counties. Okla. Coop. Sur.).,

FLEAS (Ctenocephalides spp.) - OKLAHOMA - Causing concern in several homes in
Stillwater area, Payne County. (Okla. Coop. Sur.).

A BROWN SPIDER (Loxosceles reclusa) - OKLAHOMA - Found under bark of dead trees
in Bryan and Coal Counties. (Okla. Coop. Sur.).

HOUSEHOLD AND STRUCTURAL INSECTS

BOXELDER BUG (Leptocoris trivittatus) - UTAH - Invaded several homes in the
Holladay-Cottonwood area, Salt Lake County. (Knowlton). MARYLAND - Abundant
around two homes in Montgomery and Prince Georges Counties. (U. Md., Ent. Dept.,
Jan, 14-21).

STRAWBERRY ROOT WEEVIL (Brachyrhinus ovatus) - UTAH - Adults invaded home at
Logan, Cache County. (Knowlton) .

ELM LEAF BEETLE (Galerucella xanthomelaena) - MARYLAND - Adults entered home in
Montgomery County. (U. Md., Ent. Dept., Jan. LS)

DERMESTID BEETLES (Dermestes spp.) - NORTH CAROLINA - Adults of D. caninus and
D. maculatus (hide beetle) damaging in homes in Alamance County. (Mount, Jan. 17)

CIGARETTE BEETLE (Lasioderma serricorne) - CALIFORNIA - Adults medium in residence
in San Leandro, Alameda County. (CalemCoops Rpt).

A DARKLING BEETLE (Tribolium sp.) - MARYLAND - Adults numerous in vacant house
at Glendale, Prince Georges County. (U. Md., Ent. Dept.).

COCKROACHES - UTAH - Infesting basement apartment at Ogden, Weber County.
(Knowlton). CALIFORNIA - Supella supellectilium (brown-banded cockroach) medium
in school room in West Sacramento, Yolo County. (Cal. Coop. Rpt.).

A BOSTRICHID BEETLE (Heterobostrychus aequalis) = CALIFORNIA - Several adults
emerged in residence in Rio Linda, Sacramento County, from mahogany ornament
from Phillippine Islands. (Cal. Coop. Rpt.).

SUBTERRANEAN TERMITES - MARYLAND - Reticulitermes sp. winged forms swarmed inside
building at College Park, Prince Georges County. (U. Md., Ent. Dept.). TEXAS -
Unspecified species damaged houses locally in Howard County. (Roberts).

= @% <

BENEFICIAL INSECTS

CONVERGENT LADY BEETLE (Hippodamia convergens) - ARIZONA - Large populations
found in alfalfa fields in Yuma, Maricopa and Pinal Counties. (Ariz. Coop. Sur.).

A STIGMAEID MITE (Agistemus sp.) - FLORIDA - Adults of this predaceous mite
moderate to heavy on 1,000 Brazos blackberry in nursery at Groveland, Lake
County. (Henderson, Jan. 14).

MISCELLANEOUS INSECTS

IMPORTED FIRE ANT (Solenopsis saevissima richteri) - Several extensions of
infested area found and treated in Onslow and Cumberland Counties, NORTH CAROLINA;
initial appraisal survey completed on treatment blocks in Carteret and Craven
Counties. Active mounds found in one small area only. Surveys in Jasper,
Beaufort, Charleston, Richland, and Orangeburg Counties, SOUTH CAROLINA, revealed
small infestations in each county; most mounds contained winged specimens,

Mounds treated when found. New areas of infestation found in Clay, Randolph,
Terrell, Macon and Spalding Counties, GEORGIA; found for the first time in

Putnam County. Very few_mounds found in treated blocks. Total of 1,480 acres
treated in central FLORIDA. Inspections in approximately 20 ALABAMA counties
revealed small infestations; most mounds treated. Mound’ building activities
underway due to unseasonably warm weather; winged speciméns observed in Montgomery
and Lee Counties. Detection surveys in 13 LOUISIANA parishes revealed additional
acreage in 8 parishes; reported for the first time in Natchitoches Parish.

Survey in Liberty County, TEXAS, revealed some buildup and spread since 1963.
Small areas of infestation found in Ashley and Union Counties, ARKANSAS. (PPC
South. Reg., Dec. Rpt.).

SOUTHERN FIRE ANT (Solenopsis xyloni) - ALABAMA - This species quite obvious
north and east of area generally infested by imported fire ant (Solenopsis
saevissima richteri) in Tallapoosa and Randolph Counties. (Barwood).

A CARPENTER ANT (Camponotus quercicola) - CALIFORNIA - Heavy in and on logs in
Alamo, Contra Costa County. This is a new county record. (Cal. Coop. Rpt.).

WHITE-FRINGED BEETLES (Graphognathus spp.) - Additional small areas of infestation
found in Lafourche, St. Charles and Pointe Coupee Parishes, LOUISIANA. Nursery
acreage treated in Robertson and Davidson Counties, TENNESSEE; treatments made

on infested areas in Bradley, Davidson, Houston and Giles Counties. In Bladen
County, NORTH CAROLINA, 16-acre infestation at Union Church treated. Area of

117 acres treated at Veterans Administration Hospital at Columbia, SOUTH CAROLINA,
(PPC South. Reg., Dec. Rpt.).

A BLOW FLY (Calliphora vicina) - NORTH CAROLINA - Emerged in numbers in Martin
County. (Wray, Jan. 6).

IMPORTED CABBAGEWORM (Pieris rapae) - NORTH CAROLINA - Chrysalides, probably
this species, collected in large quantities from cracks and crevices on west
side of home in New Hanover County during mid-January. (Jenkins, Mount).

TRAP COLLECTIONS

LIGHT

Precip-
‘Tempera-/itation/Type of,

ture °F./(inches)/trap *

66

BL

BL
BL

20-59] 0.25

24-60| 0.67
22-70} 0.55

Tifton 1/14-20

GEORGIA

SOUTH CAROLINA

Charleston 1/11-17
Charleston 1/18-24

I = incandescent; MY = mercury vapor; O = other

i

BL » blacklight

*

FC = field cor

peon, = ponnut; pepp. = pepper; pot, = potatoe:

TC « truck crops (unspecified or mixed)

= lettuce;
i

lett.

len beet and/or sugar beet; cole = cole crops (crucifers); cott, = cotton

= legumes (unspecified)
= solanaceous plants (unspecified); soy. = soybean

beet = gard
leg.

; sol,

tom, = tomato,

~ nlfalfo
grain « smoll grains;
= tobacco;

olf,
SC = sweet corn
tob,

++

G7
INTERCEPTIONS OF SPECIAL INTEREST AT U.S. PORTS OF ENTRY

Some important interceptions that were reported by the Plant Quarantine Division,
ARS, USDA, during October and November, 1964, follow. These reports are based
on identifications received from Federal taxonomists at the U.S. National Museum
during these two months, and include any of special interest from recent months
that were not previously reported.

GIANT AFRICAN SNAIL (Achatina fulica Bowdich) 3 times at Honolulu, Hawaii.
LEEK MOTH (Acrolepia assectella (Zell.)) once in ship's stores at Cleveland, Ohio.

MEXICAN FRUIT FLY (Anastrepha ludens (Loew)) 64 times; at Calexico (8) and San
Ysidro (7), California; Brownsville (5), Eagle Pass (2), El Paso (4), Galveston
(1), Hidalgo (2), Houston (3), Laredo (19) and Roma (2), Texas; John F. Kennedy
International Airport (7), New York; Miami (1), Florida;. Nogales (2) and San Luis
(1), Arizona.

A BRUCHID (Callosobruchus analis (F.)) (pest of legumes in southern Asia) once in
mail at Chicago, Illinois.

PEACH FRUIT MOTH (Carposina niponensis Wlsm.) 3 times in stores; one time each at
Seattle, Washington; Portland, Oregon; and San Diego, California.

MEDITERRANEAN FRUIT FLY (Ceratitis capitata (Wied.)) 43 times; at Boston (2),
Massachusetts; Honolulu (22), Hawaii; John F. Kennedy International Airport (7)
and New York (4), New York; Miami (3), Florida; Philadelphia (1), Pennsylvania;
Port Arthur (1), Texas; San Pedro (2), California; and Savannah (1), Georgia.

ASIATIC RICE BORER (Chilo suppressalis (W1lk.)) 7 times; Honolulu (6), Hawaii;
Travis AFB (1), California.

AN AVOCADO SEED WEEVIL (Conotrachelus aquacatae Barber) twice in baggage; at
El Paso (1), Texas; and Calexico (1), California.

MELON FLY (Dacus cucurbitae (Coq.)) twice; once each at Honolulu, Hawaii, and at
San Diego, California.

ORIENTAL FRUIT FLY (Dacus dorsalis Hendel) 17 times in baggage; at Hilo (1) and
Honolulu (16), Hawaii.

A PYRAUSTID MOTH (Evergestis forficalis (L.)) (a pest of crucifers) 3 times in
stores; at Houston (2), Texas; and at Norfolk (1), Virginia.

A SUGAR BEET CROWN BORER (Gnorimoschema ocellatella (Boyd)) (a Mediterranean
beet pest) in beets in stores at Philadelphia, Pennsylvania.

A NOCTUID MOTH (Gortyna flavago (Schiff.)) (an artichoke borer) in stores at
New York, New York, and at Port Arthur, Texas.

CABBAGE MOTH (Mamestra brassicae (L.)) 6 times; at Boston (1), Massachusetts;
Houston (2), Texas; Seattle (3), Washington.

A CECIDOMYIID SEED MIDGE (Plemeliella abientina Seitner) in mail in Picea glauca
seed at Hoboken, New Jersey.

EUROPEAN CHERRY FRUIT FLY (Rhagoletis cerasi (L.)) 32 times; at Boston (12),
Massachusetts; Chicago (1), Illinois; McGuire AFB (1), New Jersey; Philadelphia
(2), Pennsylvania; John F. Kennedy International Airport (15), New York; San
Juan (1), Puerto Rico.

AN OLETHREUTID MOTH (Matsumuraeses phaseoli (Mats.)) 3 times in Ships' stores;
at San Pedro (1), California, and at Seattle (2), Washington.

= @3 co

A FRUIT-TREE SPIDER MITE (Tetranychus viennensis Zacher) (pest of apple and pear
in Europe and Japan) twice on apples in stores at Seattle, Washington.

DURRA STEM BORER (Sesamia cretica Led.) once in brooms at New York, New York.

AN AVOCADO SEED MOTH (Stenoma catenifer (Wlsm.)) 6 times; at Laredo (1), Texas;
Miami (2), Florida; New Orleans (3), Louisiana.

WHITE GARDEN SNAIL (Theba pisana (Muller)) 34 times; at Boston (1), Massachusetts;
Charleston (7), South Carolina; Cleveland (1), Ohio; John F. Kennedy International
Airport (2) and New York (7), New York; Mobile (2), Alabama; New Orleans (9),
Louisiana; Wilmington (1), North Carolina; Norfolk (4), Virginia.

KHAPRA BEETLE (Trogoderma granarium Everts) 100 times; at Anchorage (1), Alaska;
Baltimore (13), Maryland; Baton Rouge (1) and New Orleans (3), Louisiana;
Charleston (12), South Carolina; Detroit (3), Michigan; Dulles International
Airport (2) and Nerfolk (2), Virginia; Hawaii (1); Houston (7), Texas; Jacksonville
(1), Miami (1) and Pensacola (1), Florida; Milwaukee (1), Wisconsin; Mobile (3),
Alabama; New York (24), New York; Philadelphia (15), Pennsylvania; San Diego (1),
San Francisco (2) and San Pedro (1), California; Savannah (1), Georgia; Seattle
(1), Washington; San Juan (3), Puerto Rico.

OAT CYST NEMATODE (Heterodera avenae) 7 times; at Seattle (5), Washington; Boston
(1), Massachusetts; Charleston (GD), South Carolina.

GOLDEN NEMATODE (Heterodera rostochiensis) 20 times; at San Francisco (6),
California; Charleston (2), South Carolina; Chicago (2), Illinois; John F. Kennedy
International Airport (2), New York; Miami (2) and Tampa (1), Florida; Boston (1),
Massachusetts; New Orleans (1), Louisiana; Port Arthur (1), Texas; District of
Columbia Inspection House (1).

Ase

i
ari

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‘ED STATES DEPA

AGRICULTURAL RESEARCH SERVICE

PLANT PEST CONTROL DIVISION

SURVEY AND DETECTION OPERATIONS

The Cooperative Economic Insect Report is issued
- weekly as a service to American Agriculture. Its contents
are compiled from information supplied by cooperating State,
Federal, and industrial entomologists and other agricultural
workers. In releasing this material the Division serves as
a clearing house and does rot assume responsibility for ac-
curacy of the material.

All correspondence pertaining to additions, dele-
tions and changes of addresses for the mailing
list for this report should be sent to:

Service Operations Division
‘Office of Plant and Operations
United States Department of Agriculture
Washington, D. C. 20250

Reports and inquiries pertaining to this release
should be mailed to:

Survey and Detection Operations
Plant Pest Control Division
Agricultural Research Service
United States Department of Agriculture
Federal Center Building
Hyattsville, Maryland 20781

Volume 15 February 5, 1965 Number 6

COOPERATIVE ECONOMIC INSECT REPORT

HIGHLIGHTS

Increased adult populations of a WEEVIL (Hypera brunneipennis) noted in Yuma
and Maricopa Counties, Arizona; as many as 150 per 100 sweeps found on Yuma
Mesa. SPOTTED ALFALFA APHID increasing in alfalfa in Yuma, Maricopa and Pinal
Counties, Arizona; averaged 1,000 per 100 sweeps in infested fields. (p. 71).

GREEN PEACH APHID, MELON APHID and BEET ARMYWORM increasing on lettuce in
Arizona, with some controls necessary. (pp. 71, 72).

EASTERN TENT CATERPILLAR eggs hatching in Alachua County, Florida. This is
somewhat earlier than average for past 18 years. (p. 72).

DETECTION

PRIVET MITE (Brevipalpus obovatus) reported for first time from Riverside
County, California. (p. 73).

ADDITIONAL NOTES

See page 74.

SPECIAL REPORTS

Status of the Screw-worm in the Southwest. (p. 76).

Summary of Insect Conditions in Hawaii - 1964. (pp. 77-79).

Estimated Losses and Production Costs Attributed to Insects and Related
Arthropods Attacking Corn (for grain) and Corn (for silage) in Wyoming in
1964, (p. 80).

Reports in this issue are for week ending January 29, unless otherwise indicated.

SE 7Oe=

WEATHER BUREAU'S 30-DAY OUTLOOK

FEBRUARY 1965

The Weather Bureau's 30-day outlook for February calls for temperatures to
average below seasonal normals west of the Continental Divide and over most of
the northern half of the Nation east of the Divide. Above normal averages are
expected over the southern Rockies as well as the South, where the current cold
weather is expected to moderate by midmonth. Near normal temperatures are
anticipated in unspecified areas. Precipitation is expected to exceed normal
from the gulf coast region northeastward through the Ohio Valley to New England
and also from California northeastward over the Great Basin to the northern
Plains. Much of this precipitation will be in the form of snow in central and
northern portions. Subnormal precipitation is called for over the southern
Rockies while near normal totals are predicted elsewhere.

Weather forecast given here is based on the official 30-day "Resume and Outlook"
published twice a month by the Weather Bureau. You can subscribe through the
Superintendent of Documents, Washington, D.C. 20250. Price $5.00 a year.

FE 7 2K ie 2 Ke 2 ic 2 ic 2c 2c 2c ig 2 2g 2c 2g 2c ik 2 ik 2c 2k 2c

WEATHER OF THE WEEK ENDING FEBRUARY 1

Winter maintained its grip over the Northern States from the Rocky Mountains to
the Atlantic Ocean, Snow, sleet, or freezing rain fell over much of the area.

TEMPERATURE: Temperatures dropped over most of the Nation during the past week.
The cold weather came gradually during the first part of the week but temperatures
fell rapidly during the latter part with readings below 40° below zero at several
Minnesota stations. Most of the northern and central Great Plains averaged 10°

to 20° colder than the previous week. The Far Northwest averaged 3° to 8° warmer
than the week before. Although colder than the previous week, temperatures
averaged above normal from eastern California to the Rocky Mountains and the

Texas high plains. Temperatures averaged below normal over the northern and
central Great Plains and’“eastward to the Atlantic Ocean. Portions of the north-
ern Great Plains averaged more than 10° below normal.

PRECIPITATION: Only sparse precipitation, generally less than 0.25 inch, fell
over the southern half of the Nation. Elsewhere, except in the Far Northwest,
most weekly totals were less than 1 inch. Portions of Washington, Oregon, and
Idaho received several inches of rain.

SNOW: Early in the week, several inches of snow fell over the Midwest, covering
the glaze that occurred during the previous weekend. The weight of the ice and
snow and falling tree branches put more powerlines down, leaving thousands of
persons without electricity. During the latter part of the week moderate to
heavy snow fell from the central Rocky Mountains to New England. In many eastern
sections this was the fourth week with a snowstorm. Some areas to the lee of
Lake Erie and Lake Ontario received 9 to 15 inches. Some sleet and freezing
rain fell south of the snow belt. Blizzards occurred from Montana to Missouri
with winds gusting to 40 to 60 m.p.h. East of the Rockies, snow now covers the
northern half of the Country. The snow line has advanced southward some 300
miles in the last few weeks. (Summary supplied by U.S, Weather Bureau).

Sealine

CEREAL AND FORAGE INSECTS

GREENBUG (Schizaphis graminum) - OKLAHOMA - Averaged 30 per linear foot in wheat
in Muskogee and Le Flore Counties; ranged 8-18 per linear foot in wheat in Tulsa
and Sequoyah Counties. Other linear foot counts: Jackson County 6, Marshall
County 5 and Noble County 0-2. (Okla. Coop. Sur.). NEW MEXICO - Remains light
in small grain fields in Roosevelt, Curry and Quay Counties. (N.M. Coop. Rpt.).
GEORGIA - Light on small grains in northwest, north and northeast areas.
(Johnson) .

APPLE GRAIN APHID (Rhopalosiphum fitchii) - OKLAHOMA - Average per linear foot
in wheat, 1 in Tulsa and 2 in Jackson Counties. (Okla. Coop. Sur.).

CORN LEAF APHID (Rhopalosiphum maidis) - NEW MEXICO - Light in Luna County barley
fields; averaged 4 per 25 sweeps. (N.M. Coop. Rpt.).

ENGLISH GRAIN APHID (Macrosiphum avenae) - OKLAHOMA - Ranged 0O-1.5 per linear
foot in wheat in Tulsa, Le Flore, Sequoya and Marshall Counties. (Okla. Coop.
Sur.).

TARNISHED PLANT BUG (Lygus lineolaris) - OKLAHOMA - Adults active in wheat in
Sequoyah County; numbers light. Okla. Coop. Sur.).

WINTER GRAIN MITE (Penthaleus major) - TEXAS - Light, widespread infestations on
small grains in Hunt County. (Turney).

ALFALFA WEEVIL (Hypera postica) - GEORGIA - Larvae light on alfalfa in northeast;
crop approximately 1 inch high. (Johnson) .

A WEEVIL (Hypera brunneipennis) - ARIZONA - Increased adult populations found in
Yuma County and the base line area of Maricopa County. Averaged 40 per 100
sweeps in Yuma County, 150 on Yuma Mesa and 30 in Maricopa County. (Ariz. Coop.
Sur.).

SPOTTED ALFALFA APHID (Therioaphis maculata) - ARIZONA - Increasing in alfalfa
fields of Yuma, Maricopa and Pinal Counties; counts in infested fields average
1,000 per 100 sweeps. (Ariz. Coop. Sur.).

PEA APHID (Acyrthosiphon pisum) - FLORIDA - Adults and nymphs light but increasing

on alfalfa at Gainesville, Alachua County. (Mead). NEW MEXICO - Very light in
alfalfa near Deming, Luna County. (N.M. Coop. Rpt.).

LYGUS BUGS (Lygus spp.) - ARIZONA - Average 30 per 100 sweeps in alfalfa in Yuma
County and 45 per 100 sweeps in Maricopa and Pinal Counties. (Ariz. Coop. Sur.).
FRUIT INSECTS

SAN JOSE SCALE (Aspidiotus perniciosus) - TEXAS - Light to moderate on several
small peach trees in Montague County home orchard. (Turney).

PECAN WEEVIL (Curculio caryae) - TEXAS - Grubs locally heavy in pecans in Kimble
County. (VanCleave, Nethery) .

OMNIVORUS LOOPER (Sabulodes caberata) - CALIFORNIA - Larvae light on citrus
hursery stock in Bonsall, San Diego County. (Cal. Coop. Rpt.).

TRUCK CROP INSECTS

GREEN PEACH APHID (Myzus persicae) - OKLAHOMA - Light on spinach in Tulsa and
Wagoner Counties. (Okla. Coop. Sur.). ARIZONA - Increasing in lettuce in Yuma
County; some controls necessary. Light numbers appearing in sugar beet fields
in Maricopa County. (Ariz. Coop. Sur.).

“7D =

MELON APHID (Aphis gossypii) - ARIZONA - Increasing on lettuce in Yuma County;
controls required in many fields. (Ariz. Coop. Sur.).

BEET ARMYWORM (Spodoptera exigua) - ARIZONA - Light to medium on lettuce fields
in Yuma and Maricopa Counties; some controls necessary in Yuma County. (Ariz.
Coop. Sur.).

DIAMONDBACK MOTH (Plutella maculipennis) - CALIFORNIA - Larvae feeding on radish
plants in western Fresno County. (Cal. Coop. Rpt.).

A PYRAUSTID MOTH (Udea profundalis) - CALIFORNIA - Larvae infesting turnips in
western Fresno County. (Cal. Coop. Rpt.).

STRAWBERRY APHID (Pentatrichopus fragaefolii) - CALIFORNIA - Light on strawberry
plants in Fowler, Fresno County. (Cal. Coop. Rpt.).

FOREST, ORNAMENTAL AND SHADE TREE INSECTS

EASTERN TENT CATERPILLAR (Malacosoma americanum) - FLORIDA - Eggs and larvae
collected on Chickasaw plum (Prunus angustifolia) at Gainesville, Alachua County.
Det. by L. A. Hetrick. Egg masses hatching locally; somewhat earlier than average
of past 18 years. Fewer egg masses than in previous years, (Fla. Coop. Sur.).

AZALEA LEAF MINER (Gracilaria azaleella) - CALIFORNIA - Heavy on azalea plants
locally in Sacramento, Sacramento County. (Cal. Coop. Rpt.).

DOGWOOD BORER (Thamnosphecia scitula) - ALABAMA - Isolated dogwood trees previ-
ously injured near ground line attacked by larvae. Isolated trees with 1-5
larvae per tree noted. (McQueen).

AN AMATID MOTH (Lymire edwardsii) - FLORIDA - Larvae general and scattered on
leaves of Ficus exotica at Hollywood, Broward County. (Shirah, Jan, 20).

VEGETABLE WEEVIL (Listroderes costirostris obliquus) - ALABAMA - Larvae and
pupae rather heavy under old, native vegetation in large ornamental nursery in
Escambia County. (Lemons).

APHIDS - NEW MEXICO - Unspecified species ranged light to heavy on rose foliage
at Las Cruces, Dona Ana County. (N.M. Coop. Rpt.). ARIZONA - Heavy population
of Lachnus salignus on ornamentals in Phoenix area, Maricopa County. (Ariz.

Coop. Sur.).

A CONIFER APHID (Cinara tujafilina) - NEW MEXICO - Moderately heavy on arborvitae
around homes at Deming, Luna County. (N.M. Coop. Rpt.). OKLAHOMA - Light on
arborvitae in Marshall County. (Okla. Coop. Sur.).

COTTON LACE BUG (Corythucha gossypii) - FLORIDA - Adults and nymphs moderate on
leaves of angels-trumpet (Datura arborea) at West Palm Beach, Palm Beach County.
(Long) .

PYRIFORM SCALE (Protopulvinaria pyriformis) - CALIFORNIA - Heavy on Laurus
nobilis and Aralia sieboldi locally in Pacific Palisades, Los Angeles County.
(Cal. Coop. Rpt.).

SPRUCE BUD SCALE (Physokermes piceae) - CALIFORNIA - Medium on Picea spp.
nursery stock in Menlo Park, San Mateo County. (Cal. Coop. Rpt.).

EUONYMUS SCALE (Unaspis euonymi) - OKLAHOMA - Moderate and damaging euonymus
plants in Garfield County. (Okla. Coop. Sur.).

= 7} =

Coccids in Florida - Adults of Pseudococcus citri (citrus mealybug) severe on
leaves of 25 inspected Philodendron cordatum plants at Plymouth (Jan. 19) and
moderate on Polyscias balfouriana in nursery at Apopka, Orange County; Coccus
hesperidum (brown soft scale) adults severe on leaves of English ivy in nursery
at Apopka. (Musgrove, Jan. 20). Eriococcus araucariae (a dacytlopid scale)
generally infesting Norfolk Island-pine at Miami, Dade County. Adults of
Howardia biclavis (mining scale) moderate on stems of 10 gardenia plants in
nursery in Miami. Parlatoria crotonis (an armored scale) on corton plant at
Miami. (Herrmann, Brown, Jan. 20). All stages of Pseudaulacaspis pentagona
(white peach scale) severe on leaves of Pelargonium domesticum at Daytona Beach,
Volusia County. (Pott, Jan. 20). Adults and nymphs of Icerya purchasi (cottony-
cushion scale) taken on tung-oil tree (Aleurites fordii) at Gainesville, Alachua
County; det. by L. A. Hetrick. (Hetrick, Jan. 24).

SPIDER MITES (Tetranychus spp.) - OKLAHOMA - Moderate and damaging euonymus
plants in Garfield County; moderate on evergreens in Tulsa County and light in
Payne County. (Okla. Coop. Sur.).

PRIVET MITE (Brevipalpus obovatus) - CALIFORNIA - Medium on Ligustrum sp. locally
in Riverside, Riverside County. This is a new county record. (Cal. Coop. Rpt.).

INSECTS AFFECTING MAN AND ANIMALS

COMMON CATTLE GRUB (Hypoderma lineatum) - OKLAHOMA - Light to moderate on cattle
in Garvin, Bryan, Cotton, Cleveland and Hughes Counties. Average 8 per head on
yearlings in Marshall County; ranged 5-10 per head on yearlings and 20-40 on
bulls in Ottawa County. (Okla. Coop. Sur.).

CATTLE LICE - OKLAHOMA - Several species moderate to heavy on cattle in Bryan,
Garvin, Marshall, Cotton, Pushmataha and Hughes Counties. (Okla. Coop. Sur.).
TEXAS - Linognathus vituli (long-nosed cattle louse) heavy on slaughtered calf

in Brazos County. (Price).

HOG LOUSE (Haematopinus suis) - OKLAHOMA - Moderate on hogs in Pushmataha County.
(Okla. Coop. Sur.

EAR TICK (Otobius megnini) - TEXAS - Moderate on local herds of cattle in
Limestone County. (Texas Coop. Rpt.).

LONE STAR TICK (Amblyomma americanum) - OKLAHOMA - Moderate (averaged 12 per
head) on cattle in Pushmataha County. (Okla. Coop. Sur.).

HOUSEHOLD AND STRUCTURAL INSECTS

COCKROACHES - UTAH - Infesting additional home in Logan, Cache County. Supella
supellectilium (brown-banded cockroach) difficult to eliminate from prefabricated
apartments in one area of Logan. (Knowlton). MARYLAND - Blatta orientalis
(oriental cockroach) infested property in Frederick, Frederick County. (U. Md.,
Ent. Dept.).

EARWIGS - TEXAS - Entering homes in Matagorda County; causing concern. (Mercer).

A CARPENTER ANT (Camponotus sp.) - CALIFORNIA - Heavy in windows of chemistry
laboratory in Anaheim, Orange County. (Cal. Coop. Rpt.).

BOXELDER BUG (Leptocoris trivittatus) - MARYLAND - Noted on and in home at Glen-
arm, Baltimore County. (U. Md., Ent. Dept.).

A MOTH FLY (Telmatoscopus albipunctatus) - MARYLAND - Adults appeared in home at
Baltimore. (U. Md., Ent. Dept.).

Ae

WESTERN SUBTERRANEAN TERMITE (Reticulitermes hesperus) - CALIFORNIA - Heavy in
cement block building in Oroville, Butte County. (Cal. Coop. Rpt.).

SOUTHERN LYCTUS BEETLE (Lyctus planicollis) - TEXAS - Locally heavy infestations,
probably this species, in ash cabinets in Baylor County homes. (Texas Coop.
Rpt., McClung) .

STORED-PRODUCT INSECTS

RICE WEEVIL (Sitophilus oryzae) - ALABAMA - Untreated corn in poor storage
facilities heavily attacked. Up to 50 adults per ear in some corn in Lee County
fields; averaged 5 per ear. (McQueen).

BEAN WEEVIL (Acanthoscelides obtectus) - TEXAS - Reported in stored clover seed
in Bee County. (Texas Coop. Rpt., Edgar).

BENEFICIAL INSECTS

LADY BEETLES - ARIZONA - Several species abundant in alfalfa fields in Yuma and
western Maricopa Counties. (Ariz. Coop. Sur.).

A BRACONID (Macrocentrus n. sp.) - MARYLAND - Reared from pupa of Dioryctria
zimmermani (Zimmerman pine moth) in fall of 1964 by F. E. Wood and R. Moore.
Host collected in cone of loblolly pine September 23, 1964, at Quantico,
Wicomico County. Macrocentrus n. sp. determined by C. F. W. Muesebeck.

(U. Md., Ent. Dept.). See also Zimmerman pine moth note in CEIR 14(50:

1294 which was a new State record. (PPC).

A PTEROMALID WASP (Eupteromalus sp.) - CALIFORNIA - Medium on apple leaves in
Santa Cruz County; this wasp usually associated with lepidopterous larvae.
(Cal. Coop. Rpt.).

MISCELLANEOUS INSECTS

BANDED CUCUMBER BEETLE (Diabrotica balteata) - FLORIDA - Adults feeding on leaves
of corn at bulb farm in Lake Placid, Highlands County. (A. C. McAlay, J. C.
Denmark; Jan. 20).

EARWIGS - ALABAMA - Widespread under mulch of shrubs and trees and in roadbanks,
field borders and under bark of trees. Generally present statewide. (Barwood
et al.).

ADDITIONAL NOTES

NORTH CAROLINA - Unspecified SCALE INSECTS reported prevalent in sand hills area,
particularly in peach orchards where crop not harvested in 1964, (Peach Letter).
TEA SCALE (Fiorinia theae) heavy on some camellias in Cumberland and Bladen
Counties. (Mount). LONG-NOSED CATTLE LOUSE (Linognathus vituli) collected
December 15, 1964, from steer in Davidson County; steer brought in from out of
State. CATTLE BITING LOUSE (Bovicola bovis) collected from dairy cattle on
same date in Davidson County. HOG LOUSE (Haematopinus suis) collected from
swine in same county on December 15, and collected January 22 in Hertford County.
All determined by W. G. Bruce. (Johnson, Ballentine). CLOVER MITE (Bryobia
praetiosa) a nuisance in several Wake County homes, (Jones) .

TRAP COLLECTIONS

LIGHT

75

31

89

48

18

13

79

48

155

31

L

Tifton 1/21-27

GEORGIA

ao-cl 0.5 |5 BL

Charleston 1/25-31

SOUTH CAROLINA

Brownsville 1/8-26

TEXAS

oe ames

other

mercury vapor;

incandescent; MV

Res

blacklight;

L =

field corn;
potatoe

pot. =

= pepper;

pepp.

= peanut;

} pean,

soybean; TC = truck crops (unspecified or mixed)

cole crops (crucifers); cott. = cotton; FC

= lettuce
soy.

lett.

legumes (unspecified) ;
solanaceous plants (unspecified) ;

tomato.

= garden beet and/or sugar beet; cole
leg.

alfalfa; beet
small grains;
sol.

tom.

sweet corn;

alf, =
grain
Sc =

+e

= tobacco;

tob.

La76t=

STATUS OF THE SCREW-WORM (Cochliomyia hominivorax) IN THE SOUTHWEST

Near the end of the period January 24-30, TEXAS experienced the fourth screw-worm

case of 1965; single case reported from Live Oak County. No other cases were reported
from the Southwestern Eradication Area, nor from the State of Arizona. The Republic of
Mexico reported 25 cases: Sonora 17, Coahuila 4, and one each from Tamaulipas, Nuevo
Leon, Chihuahua and Puebla. Concentration of sterile screw-worm releases will be in
Mexico until conditions favorable for buildup in the United States warrant daily release.
Flies released this period: Texas, 3,970,250 and Mexico 58,183,600.

Ratio of Positive Cases
Positive Cases Negative Cases to 100 Cases Negative

Year Current Cumulative Current Cumulative Current Cumulative

Table 1. Comparison of specimens reported during corresponding weeks in 1963
and 1964 in Southwestern Eradication Area.

1963 13 124 12 90 108.33 USI s UT
1964 0 0) 23 131 0.00 0.00
1965 1 4 54 287 1.85 1.39

Table 2, Comparison of specimens reported during corresponding weeks and in a
corresponding area in 1964 in the United States-Mexico Barrier Zone.*

1964 23 88 9 42 255.55 209.52
1965 24 220 32 150 75.00 146.66

Table 2A, Mexican portion of Barrier Zone only.

1964 23 85 4 18 575.00 472.22
1965 24 218 18 98 133.33 222.44

* Barrier Zone - Area in which screw-worm eradication operations are being carried
out in an effort to prevent establishment of self-sustaining screw-worm popula-
tion in the United States. (Anim. Dis. Erad. Div.).

Figures - Number of cases reported
in infested counties for
period January 24 - 30

=-=—-=Limits of Barrier Zone

ut Linear drop along river
valleys

STi)
SUMMARY OF INSECT CONDITIONS IN HAWAII - 1964

Submitted by the Hawaiian
Entomological Society *

Highlights

There was a Sharp increase in the influx of new species during 1964, coupled

with a rapid spread of newly established pests to neighbor islands. A new weed
pest, Hypericum perforatum (common St. Johnswort) , was discovered on Mt. Hualalai,
Hawaii, infesting 2,000 acres. A FALSE CHINCH BUG (Nysius caledoniae), new to
the State in 1964, caused 80 percent destruction of vanda orchid buds and flowers
at Kapoho, Hawaii. Another species new to the State, CUBAN-LAUREL THRIPS
(Gynaikothrips ficorum) , was found on banyan trees at the Honolulu International
Airport in January and spread rapidly to neighbor islands. A WEEVIL (Xylosandrus
compactus) spread to Kauai, and on Hawaii, a new infestation of GIANT AFRICAN
SNAIL (Achatina fulica) was found at Kailua. Spectacular control of lantana by
introduced BENEFICIAL INSECTS was noted on Maui.

Cereal and Forage Insects

Heavy infestations of ARMYWORM (Pseudaletia unipuncta) occurred at Waimea and
Kohala, Hawaii, during the early part of the year and moderate outbreaks were
reported on Maui. A BILLBUG (Sphenophorus venatus vestitus) was reported from
Hawaii for the first time and is now established on all the major islands.
Increasing damage to corn by SOUTHERN GREEN STINK BUG (Nezara viridula) was
reported in Kona, Hawaii. A SCOLYTID BEETLE (Hypothenemus pubescens), (reported
in CEIR 15(1):9), was found for the first time in State in stalks of Cynodon
dactylon at Keawakapu and Lahaina, Maui, during the latter part of 1964. Further
surveys showed this beetle to be present on Molokai and Oahu. A single live
specimen of a KATYDID (Mecopoda elongata) was collected November 17, 1964, on a
desk in the cargo office of Hickam Air Force Base, Oahu, but an immediate survey
revealed no other specimens,

Fruit and Nut Insects

SOUTHERN GREEN STINK BUG (Nezara viridula var. smaragdula) continued to cause
widespread damage. In Kona, Hawaii, Shifting populations from low, dry areas

to macadamia orchards resulted in tremendous damage to macadamia nuts. Larvae

of an OLETHREUTID MOTH (Crytophlebia ombrodelta) also caused damage to macadamia.
Heavy infestations of a MEALYBUG (PSeudococcus obscurus) were reported on papaya
fruits at Kapoho, Hawaii, and BARNACLE SCALE (Ceroplastes cirripediformis)

reached pest proportions on passion-fruit (Passiflora edulis var. flavicarpus) .

A WEEVIL (Anaballus amplicollis) was reared from coffee berries from Kona, Hawaii,
for a new host record. This insect-host relationship is being investigated.

Truck Crop Insects

Increasing damage to truck crops by SOUTHERN GREEN STINK BUG (Nezara viridula
var. smaragdula), especially to beans and tomatoes, was reported in Kona, Hawaii.
BEET LEAFHOPPER (Circulifer tenellus) , first found on Oahu in 1960 and sub-
sequently on Molokai and Kauai, spread to the islands of Hawaii and Maui during

* Compiled by the Entomological Branch, Hawaii State Department of Agriculture,
with the cooperation of the Department of Entomology, University of Hawaii;
Entomology Department, Hawaiian Sugar Planters' Association; Plant Pest Control
Division, USDA; and Plant Quarantine Division, USDA; through the Hawaiian
Entomological Society.

1964. The virus disease, curly top, associated with this leafhopper, has not
appeared thus far. On Kauai, unusual activity of a LEAF MINER FLY (Liriomyza
brassicae) on tomato, cucumber and beans was noted in the Waialua and Kapaa
districts. In the Lihue district, an estimated 2 percent of watercress was
completely damaged by larvae of DIAMONDBACK MOTH (Plutella maculipennis) , and on
Oahu, larvae of this pest caused severe damage to alyssums in a yard in the
Diamond Head area. Also on Kauai, heavy infestations of PEPPER WEEVIL (Anthonomus
eugenii) were reported from Kalaheo and Waialua, A TARO LEAFHOPPER (Tarophagus
prosperpina) reached damaging numbers early in November in Hanapepe, Hanalei and
Waimea; however, populations were rapidly brought under control by a PREDACEOUS
CAPSID BUG (Cyrtorhinus fulvus), an egg sucking species.

Forest, Ornamental and Shade Tree Insects

Movement of CUBAN-LAUREL THRIPS (Gynaikothrips ficorum) from foci of population
buildups caused considerable annoyance to residents by their presence on individ-
uals, food and clothing. An effective predator, an ANTHOCORID BUG (Montandoniella
moraguesi) was introduced from the Philippines for control of this thrips. The
range of a BARK BEETLE (Xylosandrus compactus) was slowly extended and the beetle
was reported attacking bifoliate Cattleya sp. and Vanda joaquim, In July, this
pest was recovered from Koa haole (Leucaena glauca) on Kauai, the first report
from a neighbor island.

A GRASSHOPPER (Schistocerca vaga), new to the State, was collected on Sand Island,
Oahu, in August. Subsequent surveys indicated that it was well established and
numerous first-generation nymphs were found. A spray program was initiated and

is now in progress to eradicate this new pest. A FALSE CHINCH BUG (Nysius
caledoniae) was collected on weed hosts in Ewa, Oahu, in May for another first
State record during 1964. Simultaneously, this species was reported causing
severe damage to buds and flowers of vanda orchids at Kapoho, Hawaii. The
infestation by N. caledoniae at Kapoho was followed by an infestation of another
FLASE CHINCH BUG (Nysius Kingbergi) which resulted in considerable brown spotting
of vanda flowers. Also at Kapoho, a moderate infestation of an APHID (Neophyll-
aphis araucariae) was observed on Norfolk Island-pine; damage was negligible.
On the southern end of the island of Hawaii, severe infestations of COCONUT LEAF
ROLLER (Hedylepta blackburni) resulted in palm leaves being extremely frayed.
Larval outbreaks of a NOCTUID MOTH (Achaea janata) were reported from the major
islands during the early part of 1964, being unusually active on Hawaii and Kauai.
On Kauai, the heaviest infestations in 10 years occurred, with castor-bean heavily
defoliated in a 40-acre stand,

Insects Affecting Man and Animals

Two cases of human myiasis by SHEEP BOT FLY (Oestrus ovis) were reported on
Hawaii, one case in Puako in May and one case in October from Naalehu. A popula-
tion explosion of a MILLEPED (Trigoniulus lumbricinus) at Kailua on the island

of Hawaii, caused considerable annoyance to hotel guests. At Kawaihae and Puako,
an outbreak of a SOLITARY WASP (Halictus sp.) was reported, with residents and
picnickers complaining of annoyance and stings.

Miscellaneous Pests

Progress in eradication measures against GIANT AFRICAN SNAIL (Achatina fulica)
at Poipu, Kauai, and at Hakalau, Hawaii, appeared very promising; however, on
Hawaii, a new infestation was discovered near White Sands, Kailua, and one live
snail was collected at Waimea, This snail destroyed 50 percent of papaya
seedlings in a 4-acre planting at Hana, Maui. Other species reported or found
established during 1964 included a PHORID FLY (Parasphiniphora sp.) collected in
light traps on Oahu, a BARK BEETLE (Stephanoderes farinosus) collected from

=O

twigs of litchi on Oahu, and an APHID (Aphis oenotherae) collected at Volcano,
Hawaii. An ARMORED SCALE (Chrysomphalus rossi) was found for the first time on
the island of Hawaii,

Beneficial Organisms

A SCELIONID WASP (Telenomus basalis), an egg parasite, and a PARASITIC TACHINA
FLY (Trichopoda pennipes), an adult parasite, gave excellent bio-control of
Nezara viridula (southern green stink bug) on the islands of Oahu and Kauai.

T. basalis was found established at Kawaihae, Hawaii, in January, and T. pennipes
was found established on Oahu in February and on Maui in August. A PREDACEOUS
ANTHOCORID BUG (Montandoniella moraguesi), introduced from the Philippines for
control of Gynaikothrips ficorum (Cuban-laurel thrips) on banyan trees (Ficus
spp.), quickly became established and built up large populations. This predator
appears to be very promising. CONVERGENT LADY BEETLE (Hippodamia convergens) ,
introduced on several occasions since 1896, was found established for the first
time in the islands at 9,800 feet elevation on Haleakala, Maui, in August, and
at 13,613 feet on Mauna Kea, Hawaii, in September. An unspecified BRACONID WASP
and a PARASITIC PTEROMALID (Choetospila frater) were introduced from the
Philippines for the control of various bark beetles, including Xylosandrus
compactus. A PARASITIC PTEROMALID (Anysis alcocki) from the Philippines was
released against Ceroplastes spp. (wax scales). A PARASITIC ENCYRTID (Aphycus
luteolus) was introduced from California for control of Coccus viridis (green
scale). A BRACONID WASP (Opius sp.) from Malaysia was released against fruit
flies (Tephritidae). Two species of NOCTUID MOTHS (Hypena strigata and
Catabena esula) "exploded" in numbers on Maui during November and larvae denuded
approximately 10,000 acres of lantana, A stem-boring CERAMBYCID BEETLE
(Plagiohammus spinipennis) was active on lantana on Hawaii, and some branches
were collapsing due to boring of larvae. An introduced leaf mining CHRYSOMELID
BEETLE (Octotoma scabripennis) of lantana was found established on the island of
Oahu for the first time in October.

Excellent control bordering on eradication of a puncture-vine (Tribulus cistoides)
in being obtained on Kauai from infestations of PUNCTURE-VINE WEEVILS (Micro-
larinus spp.); M. lareynii is the seed-boring species and M. lypriformis is the
stem—-boring species. Another stem-boring WEEVIL (Apion antiquum) has caused the
virtual disappearance of a rangeland weed Emex australis at Makahalau on the
island of Hawaii. A CERAMBYCID BEETLE (Lagocheirus funestus), a cactus infesting
species, caused considerable destruction of Opuntia spp. (pricklypear) at
Kawaihae Uka, island of Hawaii, in March. This beetle has replaced Dactylopius
sp. (a mealybug) and Cactoblastis sp. (a pyralid moth) in effectiveness in some
localities on Hawaii. Larvae of a TORTRICID MOTH (Apotoforma sp.) from Mexico
were released for control of wild blackberry on the island of Maui beginning in
August. A HELIODINID MOTH (Schreckensteinia festaliella) , introduced earlier for
control of blackberry, showed steady progress in

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RENT OF AGRICULTURE

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AGRICULTURAL RESEARCH SERVICE

PLANT PEST CONTROL DIVISION

SURVEY AND DETECTION OPERATIONS

The Cooperative Economic Insect Report is issued
weekly as a service to American Agriculture. Its contents
are compiled from information supplied by cooperating State,
Federal, and industrial entomologists and other agricultural
workers. In releasing this material the Division serves as
a clearing house and does rot assume responsibility for ac-
curacy of the material.

All correspondence pertaining to additions, dele-
tions and changes of addresses for the mailing
list for this report should be sent to:

Service Operations Division
‘Office of Plant and Operations
United States Department of Agriculture
Washington, D. C. 20250

Reports and inquiries pertaining to this release
should be mailed to:

Survey and Detection Operations
Plant Pest Control Division
Agricultural Research Service
United States Department of Agriculture
Federal Center Building
Hyattsville, Maryland 20781

Volume 15 February 12, 1965 Number 7

COOPERATIVE ECONOMIC INSECT REPORT

HIGHLIGHTS

ALFALFA CATERPILLAR adult activity increasing in Yuma and Maricopa Counties,
and larvae of a WEEVIL (Hypera brunneipennis) appearing in alfalfa in Yuma
County, Arizona. PEA APHID increasing on alfalfa in areas of Arizona, and
numbers especially heavy on seedling alfalfa in Dona Ana County, New Mexico.
(p. 83).

WOOLLY APPLE APHID serious on roots of apple trees in Cullman, Cleburne and
Coosa Counties, Alabama. (p. 83).

CABBAGE LOOPER, GREEN PEACH APHID and another APHID (Acyrthosiphon barri) on
lettuce require controls in Arizona. (p. 84).

DETECTION

A WEEVIL (Smicronyx commixtus) reported for first time in Washington. (p. 84).

CORRECTIONS

See page 87.

SPECIAL REPORTS

Status of the Screw-worm in the Southwest. (p. 89). No screw-worm cases were
reported during the period January 31 to February 6.

Summary of Insect Conditions in Some Countries in the Near East and Africa -
1964, Ethiopia (p. 90), Republic of the Sudan (p. 91), Turkey (p. 95), Iran
(p. 97), Afghanistan (p. 98).

Reports in this issue are for the week ending February 5 unless otherwise
indicated,

= BR =
WEATHER OF THE WEEK ENDING FEBRUARY 8

Unseasonal mild weather returned to central and eastern sections although the
warming was temporary in many areas. Widespread precipitation was light in the
midsection but heavier in the East, South, Southwest, and extreme West.

TEMPERATURE: General warming occurred over the midsection of the Nation. Weekly
temperatures averaged 4° to 10° warmer than the previous week over the central
and northern Great Plains and the upper Mississippi Valley. This was mainly due
to a brief invasion of warm air which sent temperatures into the 60's in

Nebraska and southern Ohio. The central Plains area had daily maximum tempera-—
tures which would be normal for the area in April. Cincinnati, Ohio, reported
10° below zero on Thursday but was up to 58° on Saturday. However, cold weather
occurred both before and after this. In the West, the Great Basin had the

fifth consecutive week with temperatures well above normal. The cold core in

the East was over the Ohio Valley and the southern Appalachian area with tempera-—
tures 15° below normal in eastern Tennessee. Warming late in the week ended one
of the longest cold spells in many years in West Virginia-Pennsylvania area.

PRECIPITATION: Only light precipitation fell over the northern Great Basin and
in most of the area from the Continental Divide to the Mississippi River. How-
ever, generous showers fell in southeast Texas. Rains affected the entire West
Coast south to San Diego and beyond. A general precipitation area moved inland
on Friday and Saturday bringing substantial rains to southern Arizona. Farther
north there was heavy snow especially in the Flagstaff area, Arizona. The area
east of the Mississippi received moderate to heavy rains over large areas with
snow falling mostly in Michigan.

SNOW: Warm air and rain melted much of the snow over the Corn Belt. East of
the Rockies the southern limit of snow cover is near the latitude of Chicago,
Illinois, and through Pennsylvania. (Summary supplied by U.S, Weather Bureau).

= 8 <
CEREAL AND FORAGE INSECTS

GREENBUG (Schizaphis graminum) - OKLAHOMA - Ranged 1-2 per linear foot in wheat
in Wagoner, Okmulgee, Sequoyah, Hughes, Kiowa and Mayes Counties. (Okla. Coop.
Sur.). ARKANSAS - Populations in small grain continue at low levels in northwest.
(Ark. Ins. Sur.).

ENGLISH GRAIN APHID (Macrosiphum avenae) - ARKANSAS - Counts in small grain
k.

ranged 5-10 per square foot. Ar Ins. Sur.).

AN APHID (Rhopalosiphum rufiabdominalis) - TEXAS - Probably this species present
on small grains in Kaufman County. Det. by H. W. Van Cleave. (Turney).

MAIZE BILLBUG (Sphenophorus maidis) - ALABAMA - Observed on corn in Mobile County.
(Boswell, Seibels, Wallace).

SQUARE-NECKED GRAIN BEETLE (Cathartus quadricollis) - ALABAMA - Very abundant on
ears of corn still in fields in Mobile County. (Boswell, Seibels, Wallace).

SOUTHWESTERN CORN BORER (Zeadiatraea grandiosella) -—- OKLAHOMA - Checks made in
one field in Wagoner County showed 25 percent of stalks contained live larvae.
Only 2 percent of stalks contained live larvae in field checked in Pittsburg
County. (Okla. Coop. Sur.).

PINK SCAVENGER CATERPILLAR (Sathrobrota rileyi) - FLORIDA - Larvae and adults of
this species and Stelidota strigosa (a sap beetle) taken on hand-pollinated sweet
corn at Leisure City, Dade County. (Yahnke, Jan. 21).

ALFALFA CATERPILLAR (Colias eurytheme) - ARIZONA — Adults increasing in many areas
of Yuma and Maricopa Counties. Larvae light to medium, 10-40 per 100 sweeps.
(Ariz. Coop. Sur.).

A WEEVIL (Hypera brunneipennis) - ARIZONA - Larvae appearing in alfalfa in Yuma
County. None found in fields surveyed in Maricopa County. (Ariz. Coop. Sur.).

SPOTTED ALFALFA APHID (Therioaphis maculata) -— NEW MEXICO - Light to moderate in
seedling alfalfa in southern Dona Ana County. (N.M. Coop. Rpt.). ARKANSAS -
Surveys continue negative. (Ark. Ins. Sur.).

PEA APHID (Acyrthosiphon pisum) - ARIZONA - Infestations increasing in alfalfa in
Yuma, Maricopa, and Pinal Counties. Counts averaged 1,000 per 100 sweeps.

(Ariz. Coop. Sur.). NEW MEXICO - Present in all alfalfa fields checked in Dona
Ana County; especially heavy in several fields of seedling alfalfa. (N.M. Coop.
Rpt.). ARKANSAS - Numbers declined slightly to about 5 per square foot in
northwest. (Ark. Ins. Sur.).

COWPEA APHID (Aphis craccivora) - ARIZONA - Populations persist in alfalfa in
the Gila Valley, Yuma County. Three infestations found in the Buckeye area,
Maricopa County. (Ariz. Coop. Sur.).

FRUIT INSECTS

WOOLLY APPLE APHID (Eriosoma lanigerum) - ALABAMA - Serious infestations observed
on roots of apple trees in Cullman, Cleburne and Coosa Counties. (Bagby, Thomas).

SAN JOSE SCALE (Aspidiotus perniciosus) - FLORIDA - All stages severe on 90 percent
of 2,500 pear trees in nursery at Glen St. Mary, Baker County. (Collins, Jan. 21).

TWIG PRUNER (Elaphidion villosum) - TEXAS - Probably this species causing con-
siderable damage to pecans in Williamson County. (Luker).

C4

WALNUT SCALE (Aspidiotus juglansregiae) - CALIFORNIA - Adults heavy locally on
walnuts in Rubidoux, Riverside County. (Cal. Coop. Rpt.).

COTTONY-CUSHION SCALE (Icerya purchasi) - CALIFORNIA -— Medium locally on citrus
in Arroyo Grande, San Luis Obispo County. (Cal. Coop. Rpt.).

BROWN SOFT SCALE (Coccus hesperidum) - CALIFORNIA - Locally heavy on grapefruit
trees in Gridley, Butte County. (Cal. Coop. Rpt.).

CALIFORNIA RED SCALE (Aonidiella aurantii) -— CALIFORNIA - Medium locally on
orange in Arroyo Grande, San Luis Obispo County. (Cal. Coop. Rpt.).

WHITE PEACH SCALE (Pseudaulacaspis pentagona) - FLORIDA - Severe on stems of
2 persimmon plants in nursery in Apopka, Orange County. (Musgrove, Jan. 22).

WESTERN FLOWER THRIPS (Frankliniella occidentalis) - CALIFORNIA - Light to medium
on Mineola tangerine fruit in Pauma Valley, San Diego County. (Cal. Coop. Rpt.).

TRUCK CROP INSECTS

TOMATO FRUITWORM (Heliothis zea) - ARIZONA - Scattered infestations in lettuce
fields require controls in Maricopa County. (Ariz. Coop. Sur.).

VEGETABLE WEEVIL (Listroderes costirostris obliquus) - ALABAMA - Heavy on turnips
in Mobile County. (Wallace, Boswell, Seibels, Jan. 27). CALIFORNIA - Larvae
medium on Chinese cabbage in Reedly, Fresno County. (Cal. Coop. Rpt.).

A WEEVIL (Smicronyx commixtus) - WASHINGTON - Five adults swept from sugar beets
April 20, 1964, at Kittitas, Kittitas County. This is a new State record and
the second record from sugar beets. Det. by D. M. Anderson. (Landis).

SPOTTED CUCUMBER BEETLE (Diabrotica undecimpunctata howardi) - ALABAMA - Moderate
on turnips in Mobile County. (Wallace, Boswell, Seibels, Jan. 27).

FULLER ROSE BEETLE (Pantomorus godmani) - ALABAMA - Moderate on turnips in Mobile
County. (Wallace, Boswell, Seibels, Jan. 27).

DARKLING BEETLES - TEXAS - Moderate local populations damaged watermelon seedlings
in Hidalgo County. (Texas Coop. Rpt., Page).

CABBAGE LOOPER (Trichoplusia ni) - ARIZONA - Larvae on lettuce required controls
in Maricopa and Yuma Counties. (Ariz. Coop. Sur.).

GREEN PEACH APHID (Myzus persicae) -— ARIZONA - Increasing and requiring some
treatment in lettuce in Yuma County. (Ariz. Coop. Sur.).

CABBAGE APHID (Brevicoryne brassicae) - GEORGIA - Light on cabbage in southern
section. (Johnson).

MELON APHID (Aphis gossypii) - TEXAS - Moderate, local populations damaged water-
melon seedlings in Hidalgo County. (Texas Coop. Rpt., Page).

AN APHID (Acyrthosiphon barri) - ARIZONA - Becoming a serious problem and
difficult to control in heads of lettuce in Yuma County. (Ariz. Coop. Sur.).

STRAWBERRY APHID (Pentatrichopus fragaefolii) -— CALIFORNIA - Adults light on
strawberries in Redlands, San Bernardino County. (Cal. Coop. Rpt.).

LYGUS BUGS (Lygus spp.) - ALABAMA - Large numbers occurred on turnips in Mobile
County. (Wallace, Boswell, Seibels, Jan. 27).

= $5 <

BEET LEAFHOPPER (Circulifer tenellus) - CALIFORNIA - Selected breeding ground
areas on western side of San Joaquin Valley sprayed January 11-21; 9,020 acres
treated in San Joaquin, Merced and Fresno Counties. (Cal. Coop. Rpt.).

THRIPS — NEW MEXICO -— Beginning to build up in onion fields; average 2-6 on
small plants in Dona Ana County. (N.M. Coop. Rpt.).

TOBACCO INSECTS

VEGETABLE WEEVIL (Listroderes costirostris obliquus) —- GEORGIA - Light to moderate
damage to tobacco in plant beds noted in Southern Section. (Johnson).

COTTON INSECTS

EUROPEAN CORN BORER (Ostrinia nubilalis) - TENNESSEE - Of 24 larvae collected in
cotton blooms, 6 determined as O. nubilalis. Remaining 18 larvae determined as

Heliothis zea. Collections made at Knoxville, Knox County, September 14, 1964,

by W. W. Stanley. (Stanley).

PINK BOLLWORM (Pectinophora gossypiella) - FLORIDA - Larvae taken on wild cotton
(Gossypium hirsutum) at 2 locations in Everglades National Park at Cape Sable,
Monroe County. (Weaver, Jan 22, 27).

FOREST, ORNAMENTAL AND SHADE TREE INSECTS
CUTWORMS (Feltia spp.) - ARIZONA - Heavy on lawns and flower buds in Phoenix
area, Maricopa County. (Ariz. Coop. Sur.).

APHIDS - FLORIDA —- All stages of Aphis gossypii (cotton aphid) severe on leaves
of aphelandra in nursery at Apopka, Orange County. (Musgrove, Jan. 20). NEW
MEXICO — Cinara tujafilina increasing on arborvitae in Las Cruces area, Dona Ana
County; Belen and Los Lunas, Valencia County; and Albuquerque, Bernalillo County.
(N.M. Coop. Rpt.). CALIFORNIA - Aleophagus myersi medium on succulent nursery

stock locally in Vista,San Diego County. (Cal. Coop. Rpt.).

COCCIDS - FLORIDA - Pseudococcus citri (citrus mealybug) light on leaves of bird-
of-Paradise at nursery in Winter Haven, Polk County. (Tyner, Norton, Jan. 20).
P, adonidum (long-tailed mealybug) adults severe on Podocarpus maki at Hialeah,
Dade County. (Brown, Jan. 19). Coccus hesperidum (brown soft scale), Saissetia
hemisphaerica (hemispherical scale) and S. nigra taken on stem of false-mallow
(Malvastrum coromandelianum) at Hialeah. (Stegmaier, Jan. 22). These are all
new host records for Orida Division of Plant Industry. (Fla. Coop. Sur.).
Phenacaspis cockerelli (an armored scale) moderate to severe on leaves of Aucuba
Sp. in nursery at Eustis, Lake County, (Holley, Bentley, Jan 22); adults light

on leaves of oleander in nursery at Fairvilla, Orange County, (Kipp, Jan 25).
Fiorinia theae (tea scale) moderate to severe on leaves of Camellia sp. in nursery
at Eustis (Bentley, Holley, Jan. 22); moderate on leaves of Burford holly in
nursery at Fairvilla (Kipp, Jan. 25); all stages severe on leaves of holly in
nursery at Eustis (Fatic, Jan. 27). Aspidiotus destructor (coconut scale) adults
on 20 inspected Japanese privet plants in Miami, Dade County, (Schuyt, Jan. 22);
moderate on screw-pine (Pandanus veitchii) in nursery at Apopka, Orange County

(Musgrove, Jan 25). Saissetia hemisphaerica severe on stem and fronds of unde-
termined tree fern in nursery at Plymouth, Orange County. (Musgrove, Jan. 21).

Adults of Toumeyella liriodendri (tuliptree scale) severe on stem and leaves of
banana-shrub (Michelia fuscata) at Longwood, Seminole County. (McLeod, Jan 28).
Ceroplastes floridensis (Florida wax scale) moderate to severe on stems and leaves
of 32 schefflera plants in nursery at Rockledge, Brevard County. (Levan, Jan 22).
Howardia biclavis (mining scale) severe on stems of 200 gardenia plants in nursery
at Miami, Dade County. (Herrmann, Jan. 21). Icerya purchasi (cottony-cushion
scale) moderate to severe on leaves and stem of 16 pittosporum plants in nursery at

= {Bo

Eustis. (Holley, Bentley, Jan. 22). All stages of Pseudaulacaspis pentagona
(white peach scale) severe on stems of 2 mulberry plants in nursery at Glen St.
Mary, Baker County. (Collins, Jan. 22). lLepidosaphes maskelli (an armored scale)
moderate on foliage of 90 percent of 10,000 California juniper plants in nursery
at Dover, Hillsborough County. (Simmons, Jan. 21). OKLAHOMA - Unaspis euonymi
(euonymus scale) heavy on euonymus in Kiowa County. (Okla. Coop. Sur.).
CALIFORNIA - Chorizococcus lounsburyi (a mealybug) medium on lilies locally in
Menlo Park, San Mateo County. (Cal. Coop. Rpt.).

PEAR PSYLLA (Psylla pyricola) - CALIFORNIA - Nymphs heavy on ornamental pear in
Palo Alto, Santa Clara County. (Cal. Coop. Rpt.).

SPIDER MITES (Tetranychus spp.) — ALABAMA - General populations damaging on
azaleas and camellias in Mobile County; also infesting laurelcherry, roses and
other shrubs. (Seibels, Hagler, Wallace, Boswell, et al.).

BULB MITE (Rhizoglyphus echinopus) - FLORIDA - Adults and nymphs numerous in
soil of Easter lilies at Apopka, Orange County. (Mosteller, Jan. 25).

AN ERIOPHYID MITE (Paraphytoptus caliplucheae) - CALIFORNIA - Medium in trunks
of Pluchea sericea locally in Bard, Imperial County. (Cal. Coop. Rpt.).

INSECTS AFFECTING MAN AND ANIMALS

COMMON CATTLE GRUB (Hypoderma lineatum) - OKLAHOMA — Counts ranged 0-39 (averaged
14) on yearling steers and 0-13 (averaged 4) on cows in Payne and Noble Counties;
moderate numbers noted on cattle in Pittsburg and Kiowa Counties. (Okla. Coop.
Sur.).

MOSQUITOES - FLORIDA - Populations very low in Cape Sable area, Monroe County.
(Fla. Coop. Sur.).

CATTLE LICE - OKLAHOMA - Linognathus vituli (long—nosed cattle louse) noted on
yearling steers in Payne and Noble Counties; averaged 2 per hair part. Unspeci-
fied species heavy on cattle in Pushmataha County and moderate in Pittsburg and
Kiowa Counties. (Okla. Coop. Sur.). UTAH - Approximately 50 percent of cattle
in western Box Elder County have been treated since fall of 1964. (Knowlton,
Finch).

HOG LOUSE (Haematopinus suis) - OKLAHOMA - Moderate populations noted on hogs
in Pittsburg County. (Okla. Coop. Sur.).

TICKS - OKLAHOMA - Amblyomma americanum (lone star tick) light on cattle in
Pushmataha County. Small numbers of Dermacentor variabilis (American dog tick)
present on dogs and cattle in Payne County. (Okla. Coop. Sur.). PENNSYLVANIA -
Rhipicephalus sanguineus (brown dog tick) noted in homes in Montgomery County

during January. (Gesell).

A BROWN SPIDER (Loxosceles reclusa) - OKLAHOMA - A problem in homes in Oklahoma
County. (Okla. Coop.’ Sur.).

HOUSEHOLD AND STRUCTURAL INSECTS

BLACK CARPET BEETLE (Attagenus piceus) - MARYLAND - Larvae noted in home at
Takoma Park, Montgomery County. (U. Md., Ent. Dept.).

CIGARETTE BEETLE (Lasioderma serricorne) - ALABAMA - Remains a pantry pest in
many homes. (McLain).

Sug 7ate

RICE WEEVIL (Sitophilus oryzae) - PENNSYLVANIA - Present in homes in scattered
locations over State. (Udine).

DRIED-FRUIT BEETLE (Carpophilus hemipterus) - PENNSYLVANIA — Abundant in kitchen
and bedroom of home in Reading, Berks County. (Menusan, Jan. 18).

A CUCUJID BEETLE (Oryzaephilus mercator) - CALIFORNIA - Adults heavy in kitchen
of home in Santa Barbara, Santa Barbara County. (Cal. Coop. Rpt.).

CERAMBYCID BEETLES (Callidium spp.) - PENNSYLVANIA - C. antennatum collected in
home in Allentown, Lehigh County, January 20; no firewood present. C. schotti
collected from cedar stake in home at Williamsport, Lycoming County, January 14.
(Gesell).

BOXELDER BUG (Leptocoris trivittatus) - GEORGIA - Entering homes in Atlanta area.
(Johnson).

GERMAN COCKROACH (Blattella germanica) — MARYLAND - Troublesome in home at
Baltimore. (U. Md., Ent. Dept.).

BENEFICIAL INSECTS

HONEY BEE (Apis mellifera) - CALIFORNIA - Colonies are being moved into blooming
almond orchards. Blossoming began much earlier than usual in some locations.
(Cal. Coop. Rpt.).

CORRECTIONS

CEIR 15(6):76 - Table 2. 1965 Cumulative Cases should read 168, not 150, and
Cumulative Ratio should read 130.95, not 146.66

CEIR 15(6):78 - Third paragraph, line 9 - FLASE CHINCH BUG should read FALSE
CHINCH BUG.

88 -

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STATUS OF THE SCREW-WORM (Cochliomyia hominivorax) IN THE SOUTHWEST

No screw-worm cases were reported from the Southwestern Eradication Area during
the period January 31 - February 6. The Republic of Mexico reported 109 cases:
Sonora 78, Tamaulipas 6, Puebla 2, Veracruz 2, Nuevo Leon 7, San Luis Potosi 2,
Chihuahua 8 and Coahuila 4. No sterile flies are being released in the United
States on the grid basis; therefore, the 2,706,250 sterile flies dispersed in
Texas were released over the Nueces River. A total of 39,196,000 sterile flies
was released in Mexico.

Ratio of Positive Cases

Positive Cases Negative Cases to 100 Cases Negative
Year Current Cumulative Current Cumulative Current Cumulative
Table 1. Comparison of specimens reported during corresponding weeks in

1963 and 1964 in Southwestern Eradication Area.

1963 4 128 12 102 33.33 125.49
1964 (0) . (0) 27 158 0.00 0.00
1965 (0) 4 33 320 0.00 P40)
Table 2 Comparison of specimens reported during corresponding weeks and
in a corresponding area in 1964 in the United States-Mexico
Barrier Zone.*
1964 0 88 8 50 0.00 176.00
1965 103 323 29 197 DOL, 163.95
Table 2A. Mexican portion of Barrier Zone only.
1964 (0) 85 (0) 18 0.00 0.00
1965 103 321 24 122 429.16 263.11
* Barrier Zone -— Area in which screw-worm eradication operations are being

carried out in an effort to prevent establishment of self-sustaining screw-
worm population in the United States.
(Anim. Dis. Erad. Div.).

=9 0

SUMMARY OF INSECT CONDITIONS IN SOME COUNTRIES OF
THE NEAR EAST AND AFRICA

1964

The five summaries of insect conditions that follow have been submitted in the
1964 Annual Report of the Regional Insect Control Project, with headquarters in
Beirut, Lebanon. The first attempt to present information on the more important
insect pests of the Near East in the Cooperative Economic Insect Report was made
in 1955 following a request from the survey committee of the Entomological Society
of America. For the benefit of CEIR readers, it may be well to point out that
the Regional Insect Control Project is a cooperative program operated by the
Plant Pest Control Division, Agricultural Research Service, in accordance with
an agreement signed on February 18, 1954, between the U.S. Department of Agri-
culture and the International Cooperation Administration (now Agency for Inter-
national Development). At the present time, a staff of five entomologists is
stationed in five countries working with the personnel of the USAID/Missions and
Ministries of Agriculture.

The work of the these entomologists is designed to fulfill commitments to the
host countires, with respect to the evaluation of locust problems, the demonstra-
tion of control practices, development of insect surveys and the training of
nationals in methods, procedures and the organization of applied entomology and
plant quarantine work. During the last few years, the Ministries of Agriculture
have strengthened their Plant Protection organizations. An increased effort has
been made to collect, identify and record pest species of economic importance.
Firsthand information on foreign pests should serve to familiarize the entomol-
ogist and the pesticide industry of the United States with the major pests in
the areas reported on. It should lead to better understanding and mutual
interest in the entomological problems common to the United States and other
nations.

Summary of Insect Conditions in Ethiopia

Prepared by P. M. Schroeder

Cereal and Forage Insects: A small DESERT LOCUST (Schistocerca gregaria) swarm
of approximately two acres in size was seen during mid-August. Several days
later a swarm of approximately this same size was observed landing in the waters
of the Gulf of Aden which apparently marked the end of this swarm. A number of
other swarm reports were made, but aerial and ground reconnaissance could not
locate them. Solitary forms were reported on the Red Sea coastal plain near
Massawa,.

NUTGRASS ARMYWORM (Spodoptera exempta) was not reported this year. Heavy infesta-
tions of unspecified CATERPILLARS fed on sorghum in the Dessie area, with some
experimental controls applied. Teff in the Addis Ababa area was severely damaged
by unidentified larvae. SUDAN DURRA BUG (Agonoscelis pubescens), a LADY

BEETLE (Chnootribia similis) and a COREID BUG (Cletus sp.) were found on corn at
Debre Zeit. Corn and sorghum in the Harrar area were heavily infested with an
APHID and a CORN STEM BORER. A TEFF STEM SHOOT FLY (Atherigona hyalinipennis)

was observed in the Harrar area. In the Ginagera area, a LEAFHOPP ettigoni-.
ella cosmopolita) was heavy on grass. Corn in the Debre Zeit area had Light
infestations of MAIZE STALK BORER (Busseola fusca), a-FLEA BEETLE (Blepharida
sp.), a LYGAEID BUG (Lygaeus pandurus), and CORN LEAF APHID (Rhopalosiphum maidis).

= oi S

Coffee Insects: A PENTATOMID (Antestia orbitalis) was light to medium in the
Sabatta area. Two and three-year-old coffee trees were severely damaged by a
BOSTRICHID BORER (Apate monachus) in the Mesan Tafari area.

Oilseed Insects: Nug in the Ambo-Gheddo area was heavily infested with an
unspecified CATERPILLAR, and several other caterpillars were causing minor
damage. OLD WORLD BOLLWORM (Heliothis armigera) and TOMATO CATERPILLAR (Prodenia
litura) did extensive damage to peanuts on the eastern slopes of Eritrea
Province.

Cotton Insects: APHIDS, JASSIDS and a COTTON STAINER (Dysdercus sp.) infested
cotton at Tandaho. At the Ghibbie River on the Jimma Road, a BOLLWORM
(Heliothis sp.) caused severe damage to cotton.

Fruit Insects: VEDALIA (Rodolia cardinalis) is now successfully established in
Ethiopia. LEMON BUTTERFLY (Papilio demoleus) caused defoliation at Debre Zeit
and Sabata. A SCARAB fed in orange blossoms and caused considerable damage to
rose blossoms. WHITEFLIES were noted on figs and a ROUND HEADED BORER caused
considerable damage to young figs at Debre Zeit. An APHID (Toxoptera sp.,
probably aurantii) and a SAP BEETLE (Carpophilus fumatus) were light on citrus
in the Sabata area.

Truck Crop Insects: Squash in the Sabata area was heavily infested with a SOUTH
AFRICAN PLANT BUG (Leptoglossus membranaceous) , cabbage was moderately infested
with larvae of a NOCTUID MOTH (Autographa sp.), CABBAGE APHID (Brevicoryne
brassicae) , DIAMONDBACK MOTH (Plutella maculipennis) and a FLEA BEETLE
(Phyllotreta sp.). Brussel sprouts in Addis Ababa were heavily infested with
CABBAGE APHID. In Alemaya, brussel sprouts and cauliflower were infested with

a LEAF BEETLE (Monolepta sp.) and a STINK BUG (Eurydema ornatum).

Miscellaneous Insects: A number of flights of a TERMITE (Macrotermes natalensis)
Occurred in the Addis Ababa area. Hollyhocks were heavily infested by a LYGAEID
BUG (Oxycarenus lavaterae) and by LEAF BEETLES (Monolepta sp. and Podagrica sp.).
Roses were also infested with Monolepta sp. and in the Addis Ababa area heavy
infestations of ROSE APHID (Macrosiphum rosae) were noted. Bread flour in Addis
Ababa was commonly contaminated with a DARKLING BEETLE (Tribolium destructor).
Larvae of a SATURNIID MOTH (Bunaea alcinoe) defoliated a thorn bush (Balanites
aegyptiaca) on the Hazamo Plain of Eritrea Province.

Summary of Insect Conditions in the Republic of the Sudan
ee EE PE ea mene anugant

Prepared by A. Kaatz

Cereal and Forage Insects: Infestations of a TREE LOCUST (Anacridium melanorhodon
melanorhodon) increased during December 1963, reached a peak in January an
February 1964, and then tapered off to none for several months. Breeding
Occurred during the summer rains of July and August in Khartoum, Blue Nile,
Kordofan and Darfur Provinces after which the population increased greatly.
Successful controls were carried out during January, February and March in all
affected areas, and will resume again in November and December on the new brood.
It is believed two other unidentified species were present in 1964, Damage was
reported to citrus trees along the Blue Nile near Hassaheisa and at several
locations in Darfur. Damage was reported to durra fields from 3 separate
locations in Kordofan. A MIGRATORY LOCUST (Locusta migratoria migratorioides)
was not reported this year. DESERT LOCUST (Schistocerca gregaria) was not

= OD <

found until late September in Wadi Arbaat and Wadi Eit in the Red Sea Hills
where small numbers of the solitary phase were widely scattered along dry
stream beds. The population may increase Somewhat during the winter rains of
November and December. The summer breeding range remained free of desert
locusts until October, when three small bands were reported near Baiyuda, about
fifty miles south of Merowe, and one band near Debba south of Dongola. Control
activities were initiated on these bands.

The SUDAN DURRA BUG (Agonoscelis pubescens) population increased greatly over
that of 1963 in the Kassala and Blue Nile Provinces. A successful spraying
campaign was conducted in Kassala and Gedaref Districts during May, which is the
dormant season when this insect is clustered in shady portions of trees. Many
bugs were killed in the Dueim District during spraying for a tree locust in
January and February. A DURRA BUG (Amaxosana punctata) damaged a number of
durra fields in the milk stage in the Gebel Dali District. OLD WORLD BOLLWORM
(Heliothis armigera) infested heads of durra in numerous locations in the

Gezira during February and March. DURRA APHID (Longiunguis sacchari) were wide-
spread along the White Nile River in late maturing durra. Durra aphid was
reported in wheat plots at Khashm El Girba during January and February. Several
sprayings were necessary to achieve control. CORN LEAF APHID (Rhopalosiphum
maidis) and L. sacchari were reported in durra fields in the Gezira. COTTON
APHID (Aphis gossypii) was reported on marginal rows_of durra adjacent to cotton.
An infestation of MILLIPEDS in durra and dukhn millet were successfully baited
in the Dueim District. DURRA STALK BORER (Sesamia cretica) is widespread and
found in almost all durra fields. No controls were attempted except at Khashm
El Girba and these were not successful. In the Dongola District, where durra is
cut and stalks allowed to regrow, 40-60 percent of the crop was seriously
damaged. An unidentified CATERPILLAR was reported during August as damaging
seedling stage durra in the Gebel Dali District. Various GRASSHOPPERS damaged
durra and sesame in Khashm El Girba, Kassala, Dali, Mazoum, and at different
locations in Kordofan Province. Grasshoppers damaged peanut fields in Kordofan
where 4,000 acres were baited by the cultivators. A SPITTLEBUG was reported on
durra in Gederef District during September; up to 15 percent of stalks were
infested in a number of fields. An unspecified BEETLE was reported damaging
millet in Dueim District during January. Several small fields were destroyed
before farmers sprayed. An ARMYWORM (Spodoptera sp.) damaged berseem and lubia
bean fields in Kassala before being controlled by spraying; also damaged various
berseem fields along the Nile River in Northern Province during January through
May where fields were flooded to control the pupal stage. Unspecified ARMYWORMS
damaged okra, potatoes and vegetable plots at Khashm El Girba before being con-
trolled by sprays. SPOTTED ALFALFA APHID (Therioaphis maculata) and COWPEA
APHID (Aphis craccivora) were serious in many berseem fields in Khartoum Province
and along the Blue Nile River to Wad Medani. Aphids are usually kept in check
by predators but apparently conditions were not favorable for predator develop-
ment this season, Many cultivators reported the loss of their stands. Aphids
were also reported serious on berseem and broadbeans in Kassala District and at
Sinkat where regular spraying controlled then.

BLISTER BEETLES were serious in a number of berseem fields and in Tamarhindi
blossoms near Soba during July, and again in September, THRIPS and WHITEFLIES
seriously infested about 500 acres of peanuts during September and October at
Khashm El Girba. Whiteflies were also reported in lubia beans and safflower
plots during January through March at the same location. FLEA BEETLES were
reported serious on kenaf trials near Tonj. An unidentified STEM BORER was
reported present in wheat fields during February and March in the Northern
Province,

Fruit Insects: Infestations of CITRUS LEAF MINER (Phyllocnistis citrella) were
general in about 70 percent of citrus orchards along the Nile River in the
Northern Province, and in Blue Nile, Khartoum, and Kassala Provinces. Controls
were conducted only in government orchards. PARLATORIA DATE SCALE (Parlatoria
blanchardi) and a TERMITE (Odontotermes sudanensis) are a major problem on date

= 98 o

palms in the Northern Province. Controls were carried out only along the south-
ern reaches of the Nile River in 1964. None were conducted in the north as this
region is being flooded out due to rising of the Nile River by the High Dam.
Infestations of two ARMORED SCALES (Lepidosaphes tapleyi and Parlatoria pseud-
aspidiotus) varied from severe to light in practically all mango orchards. Some
controls were conducted in the Northern, Kassala and Blue Nile Provinces. A
SPIDER MITE was reported on citrus in a number of locations in Shendi District,
in Khartoum and Kassala Provinces. A number of orchards in each province were
sprayed. CITRUS RED MITE (Panonychus citri) was reported in Khashm El Girba
citrus plantings and sprayed several times with very good results. A FRUIT FLY
(Pardalaspis quinaria) infested guava fruit along the Nile River from Khartoum
to Berber. Control work was limited to Shendi and Atbara Districts. HIBISCUS
MEALYBUG ("'Phenacoccus'' hirsutus) was reported on guava and mango trees in
Khartoum and Blue Nile Provinces and in the Nuba Mountains District. A number
of orchards were sprayed. Infestations of a PAPILIONID BUTTERFLY (Papilio
demoleus demodocus) were numerous on lemon trees in Khartoum and Kassala
Provinces and in the Nuba Mountains. Few controls other than picking were
reported. SCALE INSECTS were reported on olive trees in Kassala District, and
on citrus in Atbara and Kassala Districts with a number of orchards in each
district being sprayed. RED ANTS seriously infested mango and citrus trees at
several locations in Khartoum and Kassala Provinces and were controlled by
spraying. WHITEFLIES were reported infesting orange blossoms in great numbers
in orchards near Atbara, SCALE INSECTS and TERMITES infesting fig trees and
grape vines at the Sinkat experimental plots were controlled by several
sprayings. A FRUIT FLY (Carpomyia incompleta) was found in Indian "nebbak"
fruit trees near Butri during the early part of the year.

Vegetable Insects: OLD WORLD BOLLWORM (Heliothis armigera) on tomato and egg-
plant was the most serious pest in 1964, Favorable conditions enabled the
species to be active all year in most of central Sudan; 5-75 percent of the crop
in fields along the Blue Nile were lost, and 100 percent of the tomato fields
were infested. Only the most progressive cultivators conducted spraying
operations. ONION THRIPS (Thrips tabaci) was again serious from January to
April in most onion fields along the Nile River from Khartoum to Atbara, and at
Bara in Kordofan Province. Many cultivators sprayed to control this insect.
LESSER PUMPKIN FLY (Dacus ciliatus) and Dacus spp. were a serious threat to all
melons and cucurbits. In Khartoum District, over 1,000 acres were seriously
affected and crop losses ranged 5-70 percent or more during the season. Cucumbers
and squash crops were not seriously attacked. A MUSCID FLY (Atherigona
orientalis) attacked melons during January and February in Khartoum District
gardens. Various APHIDS infested melons and other cucurbits throughout 1964,
Early in the year, melon fields at Soba were sprayed after several fields had
been severely damaged. Aphids were reported on eggplant, okra, cucumbers and
melons in the Northern Province during May and on eggplant at Arbaat Wells from
January to April. Aphis laburni was reported on broad beans at Kassala and
sprayed during February and March. BLISTER BEETLES (Mylabris sp., Epicauta sp.
and Coryna sp.) were widespread and damaged okra blossoms in Kordofan Province
during January and February and again in September. They were also reported on
vegetables in Darfur Province, in most gardens around Soba and Khartoum during
August and September, and in all flower gardens in the Nuba Mountains. TWELVE-
SPOTTED MELON BEETLE (Epilachna chrysomelina) was serious in melon fields at
Sennar, in Darfur Province wherever cucurbits were grown and in most gardens
along the Nile from Khartoum to Atbara, RED PUMPKIN BEETLE (Raphidopalpa
foveicollis), usually a serious pest on bean and cucurbit crops, was not
important this year. A STINK BUG (Aspongopus viduatus) occurred in practically
all melon gardens in Kordofan Province and was serious in several localities.
SOUTHERN GREEN STINK BUG (Nezara viridula) was found on melons, other cucurbits
and on tomatoes in Khartoum Province during September, WHITEFLIES and LEAF-
HOPPERS infested tomatoes, eggplants, okra and cucurbits in most areas but were
not serious. FLEA BEETLES also occurred in all gardens along the Nile River in
Khartoum Province. BAGRADA BUG (Bagrada hilaris) was reported on okra in the
Nuba Mountains, but serious at only a few locations. An ARMYWORM (Spodoptera

Mga

sp.) was serious on all vegetables in Sennar District early in the year;
destroyed 30 acres of tomatoes near Soba before being controlled. It was present
in most gardens at Khashm El Girba where regular spraying was conducted. THRIPS
occurred on almost all crops with flowers in the Bara area during August and
September. Other insects noted were RED ANTS on tomato plants at Kassala, which
were sprayed and controlled; were also reported in vegetable gardens at Sinkat.
CUTWORMS occurred on vegetables in the Kassala District and NEMATODES in tomato
and crucifer plants at Sennar during February and March, and TERMITES, GRASS-
HOPPERS and LOOPERS were reported at various places in Kassala and along the
Blue Nile. A STINK BUG (Piezodorus lituratus) was reported in many okra fields
in Kosti and Sennar Districts.

Cotton Insects: COTTON JASSID (Empoasca lybica) was widespread and general in
all cotton fields and the most important cotton insect in the Sudan. At Zeidab,
approximately 6,000 acres of early cotton were sprayed in July. In the Tokar
Delta, density .oof infestations varied in different fields; infestations were
severe in several fields and no controls were applied. Cotton jassid was
reported in Gash Delta in September and October. In the Blue and White Nile
regions, infestations began building up early in August and spraying was started
in late September. In the Gezira, infestations began building up early in
September with densities varying from field to field. General spraying was
begun by the end of September. The population in the Gezira was denser in the
south than in the north, which is the reverse of the usual trend. In general,
infestations were lighter than during 1963. By the end of the cotton-growing
season it is expected that an aggregate of over 1,000 acres will be sprayed for
cotton jassid, WHITEFLIES and BOLLWORMS, SWEETPOTATO WHITEFLY (Bemisia tabaci)
was second in importance and as widespread as cotton jassid and controls were
simultaneous. Population densities varied from district to district, but in
general were much lighter in all areas than in 1963. Heaviest populations
occurred in the southern part of the Gezira, south of Kosti, and south of Sennar.
A COTTON THRIPS (Caliothrips fumipennis) was present in many of the Blue and
White Nile schemes. Slight damage to early cotton occurred in the Dueim District
in September. Spotted infestations were reported from Gedared District and the
Gash Delta. A FLEA BEETLE (Podagrica puncticollis) occurred in field edges early
in September near Singha, Sennar, Kosti and Dueim. Some damage occurred to early
planted fields in Dueim and Sennar Districts. COTTON APHID (Aphis gossypii) ,
usually a late season pest, occurred quite early this season, Populations
appeared in schemes south of Kosti during cool weather in September and built up
to where spraying was necessary. Spraying was also reported from different
locations in neighboring districts by the first week in October. COTTON STAINERS
(Dysdercus spp.) were more numerous in the Nuba Mountains than for several years.
Infestations were light but extensive. A concentrated spray program was conducted
during July and August and part of September. This is the dormant season when
the insects collect in clusters on certain trees. No reports were received from
Equatoria where this insect is also present. A WEEVIL (Odontopus sp.) was
present along with cotton stainers in the Nuba Mountains and was sprayed at

the same time.

EGYPTIAN COTTONWORM (Prodenia litura) was present in early September in Kosti and
Sennar Districts, but less numerous than last season. OLD WORLD BOLLWORM
(Heliothis armigera), due to conditions favorable for development, including many
host plants during the winter, attained major importance for the first time.
Infestations along the White Nile River from Dueim to south of Kosti, along the
Blue Nile River in the Sennar District, and in parts of the Gezira, caused the
loss of most of the first blooms in early planted cotton. Infestations were
general, but varied in density from area to area. Most of the second spraying of
cotton was to control this pest. A RED BOLLWORM (Diparopsis watersi) was serious
in the Nuba Mountains where it was a major pest and infested up to 25 percent of
cotton bolls. All government fields were sprayed. It was present in the Gash
Delta and at Khashm El Girba but was not serious, and occurred in schemes south
of Sennar and Kosti and in Gedared District. Infestations are increasing in
numbers each season, SPINY BOLLWORM (Earias insulana) was serious only in the

SOR ue

Tokar Delta during January and February; up to 32 percent of cotton bolls were
infested. No controls were applied. A few could always be found in most other
areas. Most numerous reports were in the Dueim District and in the southern
reaches of the Blue and White Nile. Very little was reported in the Gezira.

PINK BOLLWORM (Pectinophora gossypiella) is controlled each season by a cotton
residue cleanup campaign and by either heat treatment or fumigation of cotton seed.
They were reported in localized spots in all regions. No reports were received
from Equatoria where it is usually the major pest of cotton. A WEEVIL (Alcidodes
haemopterus) damaged blooms of late cotton in three schemes in the Singha area
during February and March. A number of LEAF FEEDERS and PLANT BUGS were reported
in Sennar, Kosti and southern Gezira during the season. Populations were very
spotted and varied from field to field. NOCTUID MOTHS reported were Cosmophila
flava, Xanthodes graellsii and Laphygma spp. PLANT BUGS included Campylomma
angustula, Creontiades pallidus, Cyrtorhinus levidipennis, Megacoelum scutellare
Taylorilygus vosseleri, Cyrtopeltis tenuis, Deraeocoris Sp. which may be predaceous
in other Hemiptera, and Stenotus sp. which may have migrated from nearby grasses.
COTTONSEED BUG (Oxycarenus hyalinipennis) was again present in all old stands of
cotton in the breeding plots at Shambat. COTTON STEM BORER (Sphenoptera gossypii)
caused only slight damage in the Gash Delta. TERMITES and GRASSHOPPERS were
reported from a few localities in the Kassala Province.

Stored-Product Insects: KHAPRA BEETLE (Trogoderma granarium) , RICE WEEVIL
(Sitophilus oryzae), LESSER GRAIN BORER (Rhyzopertha dominica) , RICE MOTH (Corcyra
cephalonica) and ANGOUMOIS GRAIN MOTH (Sitotroga cerealella) occur in most older
storehouses in the Sudan, especially in Port Sudan area where they are major
pests. CONFUSED FLOUR BEETLE (Tribolium confusum) and RED FLOUR BEETLE (T.
castaneum) are considered major pests due to the very great numbers in most
storehouses. MERCHANT GRAIN BEETLE (Oryzaephilus mercator) was found in a number
of shipments of wheat products leaving Port Sudan. MEDITERRANEAN FLOUR MOTH
(Anagasta kuehniella) was present in many storehouses at Port Sudan. PINK
SCAVENGER CATERPILLAR (Sathrobrota rileyi) and a SAP BEETLE (Carpophilus sp.)
were reported to have been found in a shipload of sesame seeds from Port Sudan.
ALMOND MOTH (Cadra cautella) infested stored dates at Wadi Halfa and all dates
leaving the port were fumigated during the season. A BRUCHID (Bruchidius
algiricus) was found in broadbeans in a number of storehouses in Khartoum North.
Bruchids are usually present in most stores of sunt pods. A GROUNDNUT BORER
(Caryedon gonagra) was found in peanuts stored in a Port Sudan decorticating
plant. Other insects reported in stored products were CADELLE (Tenebroides
mauritanicus) , CIGARETTE BEETLE (Lasioderma serricorne), SILVERFISH and COCK-
ROACHES. PINK BOLLWORM (Pectinophora gossypiella) larvae were found in several
shipments of cotton seed at Port Sudan.

Castor-—bean Insects: The Gash Delta had no serious CATERPILLAR problems other
than a few CUTWORMS early in January which were sprayed. A SPIDER MITE
(Eutetranychus orientalis) was found in two late sown fields. A BLACK APHID was
numerous in several fields of the Gash, In the Kassala District, unspecified
ARMYWORM larvae were found in experimental plots and sprayed. In the Gedaref
District a FLEA BEETLE was severe in one variety trial, while few or none were
found in the other varieties. GRASSHOPPERS, WHITEFLIES, LEAFHOPPERS, TERMITES
and a STEM BORER (Sphenoptera sp.) were present.

Summary of Insect Conditions in Turkey
Prepared by F. M. Philips
Cereal and Forage Insects: During 1964, over 100,000 acres of small grain were

treated to control a PENTATOMID (Aelia sp.) in central Anatolia. For the third
consecutive year SENN PEST (Eurygaster integriceps) was at an extremely low

9682

population level with only about 1,200 acres of wheat requiring treatment in the
areas east of Diyarbakir. A SCARAB (Anisoplia sp.) was moderately damaging to
small grains throughout Turkey, requiring treatment of approximately 80,000
acres. A GROUND BEETLE (Zabrus sp.) caused extremely heavy damage to wheat on
the central plateau, the same area where heavy damage has occurred in previous
years. CEREAL LEAF MINER (Syringopais temperatella) caused localized heavy
damage to wheat in central Anatolia, the Aegean coast and the Black Sea coast.

A FLEA BEETLE (Phyllotreta sp.) caused isolated damage estimated at 60 percent

to wheat in western Anatolia. BARLEY APHID (Cuernavaca noxious) was practically
non-existent on wheat this year. Attempts have been made to discover the natural
enemies of this insect without positive results. CEREAL LEAF BEETLE (Oulema
melanopa) caused light to moderate damage to small grains in the Black Sea area.
There was no activity in Turkey by DESERT LOCUST (Schistocerca gregaria) this
year. A MIGRATORY LOCUST (Locusta migratoria migratorioides) , ITALIAN LOCUST
(Calliptamus italicus) and MOROCCAN LOCUST (Dociostaurus maroccanus) caused light
damage to grains in Southeastern Turkey. ALFALFA WEEVIL (Hypera postica) caused
heavy damage to alfalfa in the area east of Kayseri, Elazig and Erzincan. In
fields surveyed, it was rare to find a terminal that did not contain a larva.

Fruit Insects: An ERMINE MOTH (Yponomeuta sp.) caused extremely heavy damage to
apple, plum and apricot trees throughout Turkey. Many trees were completely
defoliated. Over 5,000,000 trees were treated in 1964, PEAR LACE BUG
(Stephanitis pyri) caused light to moderate damage on apples throughout central
Turkey. Over 120,000 trees were treated. CODLING MOTH (Carpocapsa pomonella)

was heavy throughout Turkey this year, causing as high as 100 percent damage;
however, when treatments were made, control ranged 50-95 percent effective.

Over 500,000 trees were treated. SPIDER MITES (Tetranychus spp.) caused moderate
damage to apples and pears in the northern half of Anatolia. CHERRY FRUIT FLY
(Rhagoletis cerasi) infested approximately 8 percent of the sweet cherry crop in
the mountainous areas around Corum. WHITE PEACH SCALE (Pseudaulacaspis pentagona)
infested mulberry in the Black Sea area. FIG WAX SCALE (Ceroplastes rusci)
infested fig trees in Hatay, Aydin and Denizli. Over 10,000 apple trees were
treated in the Samsun area for SAN JOSE SCALE (Aspidiotus perniciosus). CITRUS
RUST MITE (Phyllocoptruta oleivora) heavily infested citrus plantings throughout
citrus-producing areas of Turkey. An ARMORED SCALE (Aonidiella sp.) was heavy

on citrus in Icel, Adana and Antalya. MEDITERRANEAN FRUIT FLY (Ceratitis capitata)
caused approximately 10 percent loss of citrus in the Icel, Adana and Antalya
areas. An isolated infestation was discovered in Civril County of Denizli Province
on Hinap (a plant similar to Russian-olive). OLIVE MOTH (Prays oleellus) caused
approximately 15 percent loss to the olive crop in the Marmara and Aegean areas.
OLIVE FRUIT FLY (Dacus oleae) caused heavy damage in Canakhale and Balikesir

with only light to moderate damage reported in the remainder of the Aegean area.
OLIVE PSYLLID (Euphyllura olivina) was light in the Adana, Gazientep, Hatay, and
Maras regions. A WEEVIL (Rhynchites ruber) infested olives in the Mediterranean
and Marmara Sea areas. A NUT WEEVIL (Curculio nucum) caused approximately 3
percent loss to the hazel nut crop along the Black Sea.

Truck Crop and Vegetable Insects: BALUCHISTAN MELON FLY (Myiopardalis pardalina)
caused isolated extensive damage to melons in eastern Turkey. TWELVE-SPOTTED
MELON BEETLE (Epilachna chrysomelina) infested melons near Siirt in southeastern
Turkey. COLORADO POTATO BEETLE (Leptinotarsa decemlineata) spread further into
European Turkey around Edirne. The preferred host appears to be eggplant.

Larvae of LARGE WHITE BUTTERFLY (Pieris brassicae) caused economic damage to
cabbage in northeastern Turkey. A MOLE CRICKET (Gryllotalpa sp.) caused light to
moderate damage to vegetables throughout Turkey.

Cotton Insects: OLD WORLD BOLLWORM (Heliothis armigera) caused moderate to heavy
damage to cotton in the Adana Plains region. A CUTWORM (Agrotis sp.) necessitated
replanting of many fields of cotton in the Aegean area. EGYPTIAN COTTONWORM

= Oat

(Prodenia litura) lightly infested cotton in Adana and Antalya. Over 100,000
acres were treated. SPIDER MITES (Tetranychus spp.) caused economic damage to
cotton on the southern coast. BEET ARMYWORM (Spodoptera exigua) caused some
damage to cotton in Antalya and Balikesir. SPINY BOLLWORM (Earias insulana)
caused light damage to cotton in Antalya, Adana and Hatay Provinces,

Stored-Product Insects: KHAPRA BEETLE (Trogoderma granarium) infested most grain
storage facilities in southern Turkey.

Summary of Insect Conditions in Iran

Prepared by S. W. Wilson

Cereal and Forage Insects: A single observation of DESERT LOCUST (Schistocerca
gregaria) was reported in the Jiroft area. This small swarm was red in color

and covered about 50 hectares in area. Chemical control was applied and the

swarm was destroyed. MOROCCAN LOCUST (Dociostaurus maroccanus) occurred over
large areas in the Moghan and Kermanshah areas, Severe damage necessitated
controls on 70,875 acres. Dociostaurus sp. and Calliptamus sp. were numerous

in Mazandaran, "Kermanshah, Loristan, Kurdestan and Arak, necessitating large scale
controls. Extensive control programs were conducted against SENN PEST (Eurygaster
integriceps) in Tehran, Isfahan, Shiraz, Kermanshah, Hamadan, and Kurdestan areas.
A total of 80,500 acres were controlled by chemical application and 281 acres by
biological control. Rice fields in Guilan Ostan had an infestation of ARMYWORM
(Pseudaletia unipuncta). Chemical control was applied immediately, thus limiting
damage, A STINK BUG (Dolycoris penicillatus) caused light damage to rice fields
in Fars Ostan. CEREAL LEAF MINER (Syringopais temperatella) caused moderate
damage to wheat in Fars and Khuzestan Ostans. A NEMATODE (Anguina tritici)
occurred in the Bandar Abbas area causing severe damage to wheat. Wheat in the
north and northeastern Ostans was attacked by a GROUND BEETLE (Zabrus morio).
Severe damage occurred in the Moghan plain where up to 80 percent of some wheat
fields was destroyed, ALFALFA WEEVIL (Hypera postica) was very severe in all
alfalfa-producing areas. A PIERID BUTTERFLY (Colias sp.) caused severe damage in
central and north central Ostans. BEET ARMYWORM (Spodoptera exigua) caused
severe damage to alfalfa in the central and northern Ostans. In Khuzestan,
alfalfa was severely damaged by TOMATO CATERPILLAR (Prodenia litura). SILVER-Y
MOTH (Autographa gamma) caused light damage throughout alfalfa-producing areas.

In the northern Ostans, PEA LEAF WEEVIL (Sitona lineata) caused minor damage to
alfalfa, TNs Meee

Vegetable Insects: Severe infestations of BEET ARMYWORM (Spodoptera exigua)
occurred throughout the sugar-beet producing area. A total of 45,000 acres were
sprayed. BEAN APHID (Aphis fabae) occurred in most sugar-beet producing areas,
but caused only limited damage. In the Darab Valley, SPIDER MITES caused severe
damage to sugar beets. A SUGAR-BEET CROWN BORER (Gnorimoschema ocellatella)
caused moderate damage to sugar beets in the Karaj and Fars areas.

Cotton Insects: OLD WORLD BOLLWORM (Heliothis armigera) infestations were
moderate in Gorgan and Mazanderan Ostans. Widespread chemical controls were
applied. BEET ARMYWORM (Spodoptera exigua) was very severe on cotton in Gorgan
Ostan. A total of 20,250 acres of cotton was sprayed for control of this pest.
Cotton fields in the Darab Valley were severely infested with SPINY BOLLWORM
(Earias insulana) ; control measures were applied to 27,000 acres in this area,
TWO-SPOTTED SPIDER MITE (Tetranychus telarius) occurred in moderate numbers in
Mazanderan and Gorgan Ostans. Limited areas of severe infestations of TOMATO
CATERPILLAR (Prodenia litura) on cotton were found in Khuzestan Ostan.

= 98 —

Deciduous Fruit Insects: OYSTERSHELL SCALE (Lepidosaphes ulmi) was severe on
apple trees in the Tehran area, Apple, cherry, pear and peach trees were
moderately infested with OLIVE SCALE (Parlatoria oleae) in Tehran, Khorasan and
the Meshed areas, ERMINE MOTH (Yponomeuta padella) severely defoliated apple and
plum trees in Azerbaijan, Khorasan and Tehran Ostans. SHOT-HOLE BORER (Scolytus
rugulosus) was severe on apple, cherry, peach, plum, apricot and almond trees in
Tehran and Isfahan Ostans. LEOPARD. MOTH (Zeuzera pyrina) occurred in severe
numbers in Tehran Ostan,

Citrus Insects: General drought conditions and a severe winter resulted in
decreased populations of SCALE INSECTS, PURPLE SCALE (Lepidosaphes. beckii) ,

BLACK PARLATORIA SCALE (Parlatoria zizyphus), and YELLOW SCALE (Aonidiella
citrina) were light in the Caspian Sea area. DICTYOSPERMUM SCALE (Chrysomphalus
dictyospermi) occurred in heavier populations, but was of no large-scale
importance. COTTONY-CUSHION SCALE (Icerya purchasi) was controlled by a predatory
LADY BEETLE (Rhizobius debilis). TEXAS CITRUS MITE (Eutetranychus banksi) was
noted in Minab, Jahrom, Shabankereh and Ahwaz. Severe reduction of fruit yield
was widespread.

Nut Insects: PISTACHIO LEAFHOPPER (Idiocerus stali) caused moderate damage to
pistachio trees in the Kerman-Ghazvin area, In Damgan, Kerman and Ghazvin area,
PISTACHIO NUT BORER (Eurytoma plotnikovi) caused some damage to pistachios.
ALMOND NUT BORER (Eurytoma amygdali) infestations were heavy, resulting in
severe damage to almond trees in Azerbaijan Ostan. Controls for all pests of
pistachio were applied to an estimated 456,000 trees.

Tobacco Insects: OLD WORLD BOLLWORM (Heliothis armigera) populations were light
in Guilan and Mazanderan Ostans,

Oilseed Crops: In Khuzestan, heavy infestations of SESAME LEAFHOPPER (Circulifer
opacipennis) resulted in severe economic damage to the sesame crop.

Stored-Products Insects: The Government of Iran estimated an overall loss of 10
percent of all stored agricultural products due to insects. Loss was totaled at
$66,000,000. Among the most important pests were: CONFUSED FLOUR BEETLE
(Tribolium confusum) , GRANARY WEEVIL (Sitophilus granarius), RICE WEEVIL
(Sitophilus oryzae), KHAPRA BEETLE (Trogoderma granarium) and RED FLOUR BEETLE
(Tribolium castaneum) .

Summary of Insect Conditions in Afghanistan

Prepared by E., R. Millet

Cereal and Forage Insects: There was no breeding or invasions of DESERT LOCUST
(Schistocerca gregaria) in Afghanistan during 1964. GRASSHOPPERS (Dociostaurus
sp. and Calliptamus sp.) were numerous in the vicinity of Jalalabad and Sarobi
in the eastern part of Afghanistan, and at Herat in the west. Some areas were
sprayed for these pests. The normal ITALIAN LOCUST (Calliptamus italicus) and
MOROCCAN LOCUST (Dociostaurus maroccanus) campaign controlled nymphs and adults
on an estimated 28,000 acres in the northern provinces during the spring and
summer months, CORN GROUND BEETLE (Zabrus tenebrioides) was reported for the
first time in Afghanistan in April. It was found damaging an estimated 5,000
acres of wheat at Chari-i-Kar, 40 miles north of Kabul, and at Ghazni, 95 miles
south of Kabul. Damage is done by the larvae feeding on the roots and lower stems.

= 62) =

A comprehensive survey for SENN PEST (Eurygaster integriceps) in Maimana Province
during late April and early May revealed an extremely light infestation. A total
of 5,214 sweeps in 168 locations produced only two adult specimens. IMPORTED
CABBAGEWORM (Pieris rapae) was heavy on alfalfa plantings in the Helmand Valley.
BEAN BUTTERFLY (Lampides boeticus) caused considerable damage to alfalfa in the
Helmand Valley.

Fruit Insects: Numerous infestations of BLACK-VEINED WHITE BUTTERFLY (Aporia
crataegi) were reported from Shebarghan and Mazar-i-Sharif Provinces during April.
Severe damage by the pest was also reported in the areas of Akcha and Khan-i-gah.
SOFT SCALES (Lecanium spp.) were very heavy during the spring on peach, almond,
apple, pear and plum in Kabul, Wakan, and Ghazni Provinces; small limbs sometimes
being covered solid with scales for one or two feet. ERMINE MOTH (Yponomeuta
padella) and CODLING MOTH (Carpocapsa pomonella) were heavy on apple around
Ghazni. A FRUIT-TREE MITE (Bryobia rubrioculus) was extremely heavy on apple in
the Kabul area during the summer, APPLE APHID (Aphis pomi) and Anuraphis mali
were heavy on apple throughout the fruit-growing areas of Afghanistan.

Vegetable Insects: A moderate population of a CUTWORM (Agrotis sp.) was observed
damaging young cabbage, radishes and other vegetables on the Ministry Shisham
Bagh farm in Jalalabad in April. About ten percent of cabbages were also heavily
infested with CABBAGE APHID (Brevicoryne brassicae) .- About ten percent of these
same cabbages were very heavily infested with LARGE WHITE BUTTERFLY (Pieris
brassicae). TWO-SPOTTED SPIDER MITE (Tetranychus telarius) was extremely heavy
at the Bolen farm near Bost on melons, squash, pumpkin and watermelon, and was
extremely heavy on safflower, sesame and bush bean. The BALUCHISTAN MELON FLY
(Myiopardalis pardalina) population was much reduced in the Helmand Valley
compared with the past three years. This was probably due to the extremely cold
winter with recorded temperatures of 13°F.

Citrus Insects: CITRUS PSYLLA (Diaphorina citri) was heavy in orange groves at
Laghman in April, but was moderate at Jalalabad in April and August. CITRUS
LEAF MINER (Phyllocnistis citrella) caused considerable damage on new growth of
young citrus in nursery plots at Jalalabad. CITRUS WHITEFLY (Dialeurodes citri)
and a SPIDER MITE (Eutetranychus orientalis) were moderate on citrus in September
at Jalalabad.

Cotton Insects: CUTWORMS (Agrotis spp.) were again a problem in young cotton
plantings in the Helmand Valley. Many farmers had to replant skips and damaged
hills three and four times. The SPINY BOLLWORM (Earias insulana) population was
apparently much lower during 1964, the highest report being 8 percent infestation
in early October. This was in all probability due to the severe winter and low
temperatures during January, which apparently reduced overwintering hibernation
stages. Larvae of BEAN BUTTERFLY (Lampides boeticus) were observed attacking
young cotton, alfalfa, jute and mung beans in the Helmand Valley, and damaged
corn, cotton, vetch and sesame in the Chakhansur Basin. TWO-SPOTTED SPIDER MITE
(Tetranychus telarius) was present in cotton by early October. This mite has not
been much of a problem on cotton prior to this appearance,

Forest and Shade Tree Insects: A small CICADA (Cicadatra sp.) emerged in abundance
on Russian-olive (Hlaeagnus sp.) at Darweshan in the lower Helmand Valley.
Emergence holes were much in evidence on the ground under these wind-break trees.
Another abundant emergence of CICADAS was observed in June along the highway north
of Kabul to Char-i-Kar. Psalmochavias rugipennis, Paharia lacteipennis and
Cicadatra anoea were observed south of Coriz-i-Mir for about one kilometer on the
roadside acacia trees and camel-thorn bushes. Cicadatra anoea was observed as
numerous for about five kilometers on roadside mulberry trees at the Baghram

= AlOKo) =

airport road 30 miles north of Kabul. Damage was slight to the trees and cicadas
did not appear to be in cultivated areas, only along roadside ditches, Paharia
casyapae was abundant on mulberry trees in July, 225 miles south of Kabul along
the highway to Kandahar. TWO-SPOTTED SPIDER MITE (Tetranychus telarius) was
extremely heavy on locust (acacia) trees at Bost this Summer, CLEAR-WINGED
COTTONWOOD LEAF APHID (Chaitophorus populellus) was so heavy on poplar trees at
Bamayan and in the Hazarajat that the trees glistened in the sunlight with honey-
dew, and the soil surface beneath the trees appeared to be oiled.

Field Crops: CUTWORMS (Agrotis spp.) were the main pests reported attacking sugar
beets in Kataghan Province this spring. Sugarcane plots on the research farm at
Bolen in the Helmand Valley were infested with a SUGARCANE ROOT BORER (Emmalocera
depressella) and a SUGARCANE STEM BORER (Diatraea sticticraspis). This sugarcane
stock was brought to Bolen from Jalalabad where both borers occur, and these

pests were probably introduced with the planting stock, MAIZE AND JOWAR BORER
(Chilo zonellus) infested about 80 percent of corn plantings on the Ministry
Shisham Bagh farm at Jalalabad during September.

Stored-Product Insects: KHAPRA BEETLE (Trogoderma granarium) was moderate in
wheat storage warehouses at Marja and Griskh in the Helmand Valley.

Insects Affecting Man and Animals: A number of homes of Americans in Kabul were
infested with BEDBUG (Cimex lectularius). This pest is known to occur in at
least 20 percent of the homes of the local population. A LOUSE FLY (Hippobosca
longipennis) was quite annoying to dogs during the summer of 1964,

Beneficial Insects: MARSH FLIES of the family Sciomyzidae, the larvae of which
are specific snail-killers, particularly of snails of the genus Lymnea, were found
in Afghanistan in October. This genus of snails is intermediate host for liver
fluke of sheep and cattle. Sepedon sphegea, Pherbellia cinerella, Pherbellia sp.
and Knutsonia turcestanica were tentatively identified in a short survey from the
Helmand Valley to Kabul, Sepedon appeared to be the predominant genus of flies-
collected. These were found at Kandahar, Nadi-Ali, Marja, and Shemalon in the
Helmand Valley, and also near Mukur and Kabul. Pherbellia cineralla was collected
at Kandahar, Pherbellia sp. at Ghazni and Knutsonia turcestanica at Kabul.

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AGRICULTURAL RESEARCH SERVICE

PLANT PEST CONTROL DIVISION

SURVEY AND DETECTION OPERATIONS

The Cooperative Economic Insect Report is issued
- weekly as a service to American Agriculture. Its contents
are compiled from information supplied by cooperating State,
Federal, and industrial entomologists and other agricultural
workers. In releasing this material the Division serves as
a clearing house and doesnot assume responsibility for ac-
curacy of the material.

All correspondence pertaining to additions, dele-
tions and changes of addresses for the mailing
list for this report should be sent to:

Service Operations Division
‘Office of Plant and Operations
United States Department of Agriculture
Washington, D. C. 20250

Reports and inquiries pertaining to this release
should be mailed to:

Survey and Detection Operations
Plant Pest Control Division
Agricultural Research Service
United States Department of Agriculture
Federal Center Building
Hyattsville, Maryland 20781

Volume 15 February 19, 1965 Number 8

COOPERATIVE ECONOMIC INSECT REPORT

HIGHLIGHTS

SPOTTED ALFALFA APHID populations decreasing in alfalfa but PEA APHID populations
increasing rapidly on same crop in Maricopa, Pinal and Yuma Counties, Arizona.
Larvae of a WEEVIL (Hypera brunneipennis) increasing in numbers on alfalfa in
Yuma County, with highest populations on Yuma Mesa; some controls necessary.
ALFALFA WEEVIL larvae infesting alfalfa in northern Georgia, with 25 percent of
plants showing feeding damage. (p. 103).

GLOVER SCALE, YELLOW SCALE and a SNOW SCALE (Unaspis citri) at highest population
levels in 15 years of record on Florida citrus. (p. 104).

DETECTION

New State recordsreported included GRAPE ROOT BORER (Vitacea polistiformis) from
Alabama (p. 104) and an ANT (Myrmecina americana) from California. (p. 108). New
county records were RUSTY PLUM APHID (Hysteroneura setariae) from Tulare County

and CITRUS BUD MITE (Aceria sheldoni) from San Mateo County, both in California.
(p. 104).

CORRECTIONS

See page 108.

SPECIAL REPORTS

Small Grain Pest Survey in Texas, (p. 103). No significant aphid damage to small
grains was observed.

Status of the Screw-worm in the Southwest. (p. 106).

Estimated Losses and Production Costs Attributed to Insects and Related Arthropods
Attacking Barley, Oats, Wheat, Sugar Beets, Beans and Potatoes in Wyoming in 1964,
(pp. 110-112).

Summary of Insect Conditions in the United States - 1964

Introduction (p. 113).

Weather of the Year 1964 (p. 113).

Cereal and Forage Insects
Grasshoppers (p. 116).

Reports in this issue are for the week ending February 12 unless otherwise
indicated.

- 102 -

WEATHER BUREAU'S 30-DAY OUTLOOK

MID-FEBRUARY TO MID-MARCH 1965

The Weather Bureau's 30-day outlook for mid-February to mid-March calls for
temperatures to average below seasonal normals over the western two thirds of
the Nation with greatest departures in the central and southern Rockies. Above
normal averages should be confined to the eastern quarter of the Country while
near normal averages are expected in unspecified areas. Precipitation is
expected to exceed normal over most of the area from the Continental Divide to
the Appalachians except for near normal amounts in the northern Plains. In the
West, precipitation should vary from subnormal in the Pacific coast region to
above normal over the central and southern Plateau region, with near normal
totals in the intermediate area. East of the Appalachians, near normal amounts
are anticipated, except for below normal totals in Florida.

Weather forecast given here is based on the official 30-day "Resume and Outlook"
published twice a month by the Weather Bureau. You can subscribe through the
Superintendent of Documents, Washington, D.C. 20250. Price $5.00 a year.

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WEATHER OF THE WEEK ENDING FEBRUARY 15

The weather was unseasonably cold west of the Mississippi River and mild in the
East, just the reverse of the previous week's temperature pattern. Precipitation
occurring on several days was widespread.

TEMPERATURE: East of the Mississippi, maximum temperatures rose into the 70's

as far north as the Ohio Valley about midweek, but fell below normal during the
weekend. Nevertheless, weekly averages in the Ohio Valley and central Atlantic
coastal areas were 6° to 12° higher than normal, ending a four-week spell with
temperatures near normal or below. Below normal temperatures were rather persis—
tent in most of the Far West ending a five-week spell of above normal conditions.
From the central Great Plains through the lower Rockies weekly averages were 10°
or more below normal. Below freezing maxima were recorded in the Salt River
Valley of Arizona from the 10th through 14th.

PRECIPITATION: Precipitation ranged up to 6 inches in the lower Mississippi
Valley and exceeded 2 inches in the lower Ohio Valley and a large area extending
from northeast Texas to the Atlantic coast. In northern areas east of the Great
Plains and in the Rocky Mountains south of Montana weekly totals were less than
one inch. Elsewhere, amounts were generally lighter. During a midweek storn,
snow fell north and west of a line extending from the Ohio Valley to central
Texas with rain to the south. The heaviest snow fall, 6-15 inches, occurred in
a belt extending from north central Kansas through northern Wisconsin. Lincoln,
Nebraska, reported 20 inches. Several thunderstorms extended from northeast
Texas through Tennessee,

SNOW: Snow depths increased in the Cascades and most of the Rocky Mountains.
East of the Rockies, snow cover is limited to the northern Great Plains and upper
Mississippi Valley, the northern Great Lakes region, northern New England and
most of Maryland and Virginia where snow fell at the end of the period. (Summary
supplied by U.S. Weather Bureau).

- 103 -

CEREAL AND FORAGE INSECTS

Small Grain Pest Survey in Texas - During the period January 29 - February 4, a
small grain pest survey was made in Swisher, Hale, Floyd, Crosby, Dickens, Kent,
Jones, Taylor, Callahan, Eastland, Palo Pinto, Parker, Tarrant, Ellis, Hunt,
Collin, Denton, Wise, Wichita, Wilbarger, Hardeman, Childress and Hall Counties.
APPLE GRAIN APHID (Rhopalosiphum fitchii) and an unspecified aphid, or a combina-
tion of the two species, were found in Floyd, Jones, Taylor, Palo Pinto, Parker,
Wilbarger, Hardeman and Childress Counties. Populations were heaviest in Jones,
Taylor, Wilbarger and Hardeman Counties, where counts ranged 100-2,000 per foot
of planted row. GREENBUG (Schizaphis graminum) was found in Swisher, Hale, Floyd,
Crosby, Dickens, Kent, Jones, Taylor, Wilbarger and Hardeman Counties. In most
of these counties, S. graminum populations ranged from less than 1 to 10 per

foot of row; however, in Hale, Floyd and Wilbarger Counties, counts ranged 10-60
per foot of row. Very small numbers of ENGLISH GRAIN APHID (Macrosiphum avenae)
were noted in Palo Pinto County. In no case was there significant aphid damage
to small grain. (Daniels).

GREENBUG (Schizaphis graminum) - OKLAHOMA - Light, 2-15 per linear foot, in Tillman,
Jackson, Greer, Kiowa, and Payne Counties. (Okla. Coop. Sur.). ARKANSAS - Numbers
remain low in northwest section. (Ark. Ins. Sur.). GEORGIA - Infestations on
small grain continue light in northern section. (Johnson) .

APPLE GRAIN APHID (Rhopalosiphum fitchii) - OKLAHOMA - Averaged 10 per linear foot
in wheat field in Jackson County. (Okla. Coop. Sur.).

CORN LEAF APHID (Rhopalosiphum maidis) - OKLAHOMA - Ranged 4-6 per linear foot in
wheat in Greer and Tillman Counties. (Okla. Coop. Sur.). NEW MEXICO - Mostly
light in small grains checked in Lea County. (N.M. Coop. Rpt.).

ENGLISH GRAIN APHID (Macrosiphum avenae) — OKLAHOMA - Counts in wheat ranged 2-4
per linear foot in Jackson and Tillman Counties. (Okla. Coop. Sur.)

COCCIDS - FLORIDA - Antonina graminis (Rhodes-grass scale) and Aspidiella sacchari
(an armored scale) severe on stems of St. Augustine grass in residential area at
Hialeah, Dade County. (Stegmaier, Jan. 23, Feb. 2).

SPOTTED ALFALFA APHID (Fherioaphis maculata) - ARIZONA - Populations decreasing
in alfalfa in Maricopa, Pinal and Yuma Counties; ranged 150-200 per 100 sweeps.
(Ariz. Coop. Sur.). OKLAHOMA - Averaged 20 per square foot in overwintering
alfalfa in Harmon County. (Okla. Coop. Sur.). ARKANSAS - Surveys continue
negative in Washington County. (Ark. Ins. Sur.).

PEA APHID (Acyrthosiphon pisum) - ARIZONA - Populations increasing rapidly in
alfalfa in Yuma, Maricopa and Pinal Counties; range 250-2,500 per 100 sweeps.
(Ariz. Coop. Sur.). NEW MEXICO - Recent rain and cold weather appear to have
reduced populations considerably in Dona Ana County alfalfa. Infestations light
to moderate in Lea County alfalfa. (N.M. Coop. Rpt.).

ALFALFA WEEVIL (Hypera postica) - GEORGIA - Larvae infesting alfalfa in northern
section; 25 percent of plants show feeding damage. (Johnson).

A WEEVIL (Hypera brunneipennis) - ARIZONA - Larvae continue to increase in Yuma
County alfalfa. Highest populations found on Yuma Mesa. Some controls necessary.
(Ariz. Coop. Sur.).

CUTWORMS - OKLAHOMA - Reported heavy in alfalfa in Cotton County. (Okla. Coop.
Sur.).

- 104 -

FRUIT INSECTS

GRAPE ROOT BORER (Vitacea polistiformis) - ALABAMA - Severe, isolated infestations
on grapes at Kinston, Coffee County, and in Lee County. This is a new State
record. (Thompson, et al.).

PINK SCAVENGER CATERPILLAR (Sathrobrota rileyi) - CALIFORNIA - Larvae medium on
papaya fruit in Montecito, Santa Barbara County. (Cal. Coop. Rpt.).

RUSTY PLUM APHID (Hysteroneura setariae) - CALIFORNIA - Collected from apricot
(Prunus armeniaca) at residence in Porterville, Tulare County, on August 26,
1964. This is the first record for Tulare County and the first record north of
the Tehachapi Mountains. Location is 160 miles north of the nearest previously
reported find at Ontario, San Bernardino County. (Bur. Ent., Cal. Dept. Agr.).

APHIDS - TEXAS - Unspecified species light, locally, on terminal growth of orange
trees near Lasara, Willacy County. (Texas Coop. Rpt., St. Cloud).

WHITE PEACH SCALE (Pseudaulacaspis pentagona) - FLORIDA - Moderately damaging
50 percent of 100 peach trees at Yalaha, Lake County. (Henderson, Feb. 2).

RED DATE SCALE (Phoenicococcus marlatti) - CALIFORNIA - This species and Diaspis
cocois (an armored scale) medium on date palm in Montecito, Santa Barbara County.
(CalaiCoopey Rpt.)

CITRUS BUD MITE (Aceria sheldoni) - CALIFORNIA - Medium on lemon tree in
Burlingame, San Mateo County. This is rather unusual occurrence as species is
normally confined to coastal areas in southern portion of State. Nearest known
infestation is in Santa Barbara County, 250 miles south of Burlingame. San
Mateo County is a new county record. (Cal. Coop. Rpt.).

Citrus Insect Situation in Florida - End of January - CITRUS RUST MITE (Phyllo-
coptruta Oleivora) infested 61 percent of groves (norm 66 percent); 39 percent
economic (norm 41 percent). Although further decrease expected, some heavy
infestations will occur in all districts. Highest districts south and east.

TEXAS CITRUS MITE (Eutetranychus banksi) infested 34 percent of groves (norm 21
percent); 14 percent economic (norm 8 percent). Decrease expected to keep
population in low range normal for time of year. Highest districts central and
north. CITRUS RED MITE (Panonychus citri) infested 33 percent of groves (norm

56 percent); 4 percent economic (norm 28 percent). Population expected to remain
much below average and in low range. Highest districts west and north. SIxX-
SPOTTED MITE (Eotetranychus sexmaculatus) infested 6 percent of groves (norm 7
percent); none economic and not expected to become important in February. GLOVER
SCALE (Lepidosaphes gloverii) infested 84 percent of groves; 28 percent economic.
Population in high range and at highest level in 15 years of record. Slight
increase expected; highest districts south, central and east. PURPLE SCALE :
(L. a infested 80 percent of groves; 15 percent economic. Population below
norma Slight increase expected. Highest districts south and east. CHAFF SCALE
Gininoe pergandii) infested 68 percent of groves; 27 percent economic.
Population above average; increase expected. Highest districts east and south.
BLACK SCALE (Saissetia oleae) infested 38 percent of groves; 15 percent economic.
Population above normal low level for January; decrease expected. Highest
districts east and south. YELLOW SCALE (Aonidiella citrina) infested 61 percent
of groves; 17 percent economic. In moderate range but at highest level in 15
years of record, Yellow scale is present in all districts; highest in central
and south. Unaspis citri at highest population level of 15 years of record.
Although distribution is localized, infestations are heavier and in groves.
WHITEFLIES infested 78 percent of groves; 15 percent economic. Populations will
continue above normal and in moderate range. Highest districts south and east.
MEALYBUGS infested 15 percent of groves; 3 percent economic, Although popula-
tions above average, it is in low range and not expected to become important in
February. (W. A. Simanton (Citrus Expt. Sta., Lake Alfred)).

- 105 -

TRUCK CROP INSECTS

CABBAGE LOOPER (Trichoplusia ni) - ARIZONA - Very small larvae appearing on
lettuce in Yuma Valley and Dome Valley areas of Yuma County. (Ariz. Coop. Sur.).
FLORIDA - Infesting 5 percent of 200 cabbage plants, 10 inches high, with light
damage, in planting at Sanford, Seminole County. (Desin).

BEET ARMYWORM (Spodoptera exigua) - ARIZONA - Few scattered infestations persist
in cabbage and lettuce in Maricopa and Yuma Counties. (Ariz. Coop. Sur.).

GREEN PEACH APHID (Myzus persicae) - TEXAS — Moderate locally on spinach in
Zavala County (Frers) and heavy Locally on spinach in Fort Bend and Brazoria
Counties (Teetes). ARIZONA - Light to medium in lettuce fields in Yuma and
Maricopa Counties. Small number of medium infestations occurring on seed sugar
beets in Maricopa County. (Ariz. Coop. Sur.).

THRIPS - NEW MEXICO - Generally light on onions in northern Dona Ana County;
ranged 1-3 per plant. (N.M. Coop. Rpt.).

COTTON INSECTS

A COSMOPTERYGID MOTH (Sathrobrota sp.) - FLORIDA - Total of 20 larvae collected
from 120 blooms of wild cotton (Gossypium hirsutum) inspected near Tavernier,
Key Largo, Monroe Connty. (Creamer, Feb. 5).

AN OLETHREUTID MOTH (Crocidosema plebeiana) - FLORIDA - Single larva found in
1 of 200 bolls of wild cotton inspected in Monroe County. (Creamer, Feb. 3).

FOREST, ORNAMENTAL AND SHADE TREE INSECTS
YELLOW-STRIPED ARMYWORM (Prodenia ornithogalli) - ARIZONA - Heavy on petunias in
Yuma, Yuma County. (Ariz. Coop. Sur.).

APHIDS - CALIFORNIA - Adults of Cerataphis orchidearum heavy on cypripedium
plants in nursery in South San Francisco, San Mateo County. Thoracaphis
umbellulariae heavy locally on bay trees in Montecito, Santa Barbara County.
(Cal. Coop. Rpt.).

COCCIDS - MARYLAND - Eriococcus azaleae (azalea bark scale) infested azalea at
College Park, Prince Georges County. (U. Md., Ent. Dept.). FLORIDA - Phenacaspis
cockerelli (an armored scale) adults localized on leaves of silverthorn elaeagnus
in nursery at Fairvilla, Orange County. (Kipp, Jan 25). Pseudococcus adonidum
(long-tailed mealybug) taken on stem and leaves of Dichorisandra sp. at Pierson,
Volusia County, (Roberts, Kipp, Feb. 4). Chrysomphalus dictyospermi (dictyo-
spermum scale) light on leaves of Veitch screwpine at Apopka, Orange County,
(Musgrove, Feb. 3). These are new host records for the Florida Division of

Plant Industry. (Fla. Coop. Sur.). Diaspis carueii (juniper scale) caused severe
browning of 3 Irish junipers in nursery in Miami, Dade County. (Herrmann,

Feb. 5). Pseudococcus adonidum moderate to severe on 84 pothos plants in

gardens at Rockledge, Brevard County. (Levan, Feb. 2). Pseudaulacaspis pentagona
(white peach scale) severe on goldenrain trees in nursery at Longwood, Seminole
County, (McLeod, Feb. 2); light on same host in nursery at De Land, Volusia
County (Roberts, Kipp, Feb. 3). CALIFORNIA - Coccus hesperidum (brown soft
scale) locally heavy on oaks in Barstow, San Bernardino County. Pseudococcus
obscurus (a mealybug) heavy locally on gardenia in Visalia, Tulare County.

(Cal. Coop. Rpt.).

EASTERN LUBBER GRASSHOPPER (Romalea microptera) - FLORIDA - Nymphs attacking
leaves of Crinum sp. at West Palm Beach, Palm Beach County. (Long, Jan. 27).

- 106 -

EASTERN SUBTERRANEAN TERMITE (Reticulitermes flavipes) - ALABAMA - Heavy popula-
tions destroying winter-damaged trees in northeastern areas. (Barwood).

NATIVE HOLLY LEAF MINER (Phytomyza ilicicola) - MARYLAND - Heavy on American
holly at 2 locations in Prince Georges County. (U. Md., Ent. Dept.).

SPIDER MITES - ARIZONA - Tetranychus telarius (two-spotted spider mite) heavy
on roses in Yuma County. Controls necessary. (Ariz. Coop. Sur.). FLORIDA -

Eotetranychus thujae light on 1,000 Chinese junipers in nursery at Glen St. Mary,
Baker County. (Collins, Jan. 14.).

INSECTS AFFECTING MAN AND ANIMALS
STATUS OF THE SCREW-WORM (Cochliomyia hominivorax) IN THE SOUTHWEST

No screw-worm cases were reported during the period February 7-13 in Southwestern
Eradication Area nor since the case of January 29 in Live Oak County, Texas.

This is the longest fly-free period of time in the United States this year. The
Republic of Mexico reported 16 cases: Chihuahua, Tamaulipas and Veracruz
reported 2 cases each and Sonora reported 10 cases. Nearly all sterile flies
released were dispersed in Mexico along grid patterns and in "hot spots" except
for river drops along the Frio, Atascosa and Nueces Rivers in Texas and the Rio
Grande and the Rio Conchos in Chihauahua. Total sterile flies released:
58,040,400 in Mexico and 4,626,250 in Texas.

Ratio of Positive Cases

Positive Cases Negative Cases to 100 Cases Negative
Year Current Cumulative Current Cumulative Current Cumulative
Table 1. Comparison of specimens reported during corresponding weeks in
1963 and 1964 in Southwestern Eradication Area.
1963 2 130 18 120 Teh 13 108.33
1964 0 0 37 195 0.00 0.00
1965 fa) 4 28 348 0.00 1.14
Table 2. Comparison of specimens reported during corresponding weeks and
in a corresponding area in 1964 in the United States-Mexico
Barrier Zone. *
1964 13 101 16 66 81.25 153.03
1965 14 337 16 213 87.50 158.21

Table 2A. Mexican portion of Barrier Zone only.

1964 13 98 4 22 325.00 445.45
1965 14 335 8 130 175.00 257.69

* Barrier Zone - Area in which screw-worm eradication operations are being
carried out in an effort to prevent establishment of self-sustaining screw-
worm population in the United States. (Anim. Dis. Erad. Div.).

COMMON CATTLE GRUB (Hypoderma lineatum) - OKLAHOMA - Moderate on cattle in Cotton
County. (Okla. Coop. Sur.). ALABAMA - Light in beef cattle herd in Lee County.
(Ensminger).

- 107 -

MOSQUITOES - FLORIDA - Increasing and annoying in Gainesville area, Alachua
County. (Mead). Aedes canadensis and Culex salinarius among species involved.
(Fla. Coop. Sur.). ALABAMA - Unspecified species active and annoying in central
areas. (Barwood, et al.). OKLAHOMA - Anopheles punctipennis adult found in
building in Stillwater, Payne County. (Okla. Coop. Sur.).

CATTLE LICE - OKLAHOMA - Several species moderate to heavy on cattle in Cotton and
Garfield Counties. (Okla. Coop. Sur.). NORTH CAROLINA - Common on cattle examined
in northwest mountain counties, Jan. 24-30. Less common in Davie, Iredell and
Catawba Counties in Piedmont area, Feb. 1-6. Lice found on approximately 80 per-
cent of farms suspected of being infested in northwest mountain counties and 50
percent of farms in 3 Piedmont counties named. No severe infestations noted in
either area. Bovicola bovis (cattle biting louse) heavy on young beef animal

in Wake County; none found on 3 other farms in county. (Mount).

NORTHERN FOWL MITE (Ornithonyssus sylviarum) - ARKANSAS - Infestations increased
in northwest section. (Ark. Ins. Sur.).

HOUSEHOLD AND STRUCTURAL INSECTS

A POWDER-POST BEETLE (Trogoxylon prostomoides) - CALIFORNIA - Adults heavy
locally in bamboo wood in Alameda, Alameda County. (Cal. Coop. Rpt.).

A CERAMBYCID BEETLE (Cyrtophorus verrucosus) - NORTH CAROLINA - Found in basement
of home in Davidson County. Det. by D. A. Mount. (Bernhardt).

RED CARPENTER ANT (Camponotus ferrugineus) - ALABAMA - Reproductive forms emerged
from house in Coffee County. (Casaday, Ledbetter).

A MOTH FLY (Telmatoscopus albipunctatus) - MARYLAND - Large numbers of adults
active in home at Wheaton, Montgomery County. (U. Md., Ent. Dept.).

CLUSTER FLY (Pollenia rudis) - MARYLAND - Troublesome in home at University Park,
Prince Georges County. (U. Md., Ent. Dept.).

ELM LEAF BEETLE (Galerucella xanthomelaena) - MARYLAND - Nuisance in home at
Sykesville, Carroll County. (U. Md., Ent. Dept.).

BOXELDER BUG (Leptocoris trivittatus) - NORTH CAROLINA - A nuisance around home
in Person County. (Reams).

A CONIFER APHID (Cinara tujafilina) - TEXAS - Entered homes locally in Eastland
County. (Cooper).

CLOVER MITE (Bryobia praetiosa) - MARYLAND - Annoying homeowner at Sandy Point,
Calvert County. (U. Md., Ent. Dept.).

STORED-PRODUCT INSECTS

Stored-Product Insects in Florida - Oryzaephilus surinamensis (saw-toothed grain
beetle) and Stegobium paniceum (drugstore beetle) adults taken with stored
peanuts at Ocala, Marion County. (Roberson, Feb. 1). Alphitobius diaperinus
(lesser mealworm) adults taken in feed in Pensacola, Escambia County; adults and
larvae taken in feed at De Funiak Springs, Walton County. (Boyd, Jan. 26, 27).
Tribolium castaneum (red flour beetle) adults taken in feed at Milton, Santa Rosa
County; Pensacola and De Funiak Springs (Boyd, Jan. 26, 27); and in stored
peanuts at Ocala (Robertson, Feb. 1).

- 108 -

SAW-TOOTHED GRAIN BEETLE (Oryzaephilus surinamensis) - NEW MEXICO - Probably
this species moderately heavy in chocolate candies containing nuts in store at
Belen, Valencia County. (N.M. Coop. Rpt.).

MISCELLANEOUS INSECTS

AN ANT (Myrmecina americana) - CALIFORNIA - Light population collected from
litter beneath scrub oak and Digger pine near the Salmon Falls bridge, El Dorado
County. Collected and determined by Dr. M. Wasbauer, confirmed by R. Snelling.
This is first record for State. (Cal. Coop. Rpt.).

ALLEGHENY MOUND ANT (Formica exsectoides) - ALABAMA - Probably this species,
found in woodland in Randolph County. Det. by P. M. Marsh. (Moore, Ledbetter).

IMPORTED FIRE ANT (Solenopsis saevissima richteri) - ALABAMA - First flights
noted in Chambers County. (Barwood et al.).

CITRUS WHITEFLY (Dialeurodes citri) - CALIFORNIA - Found in 23-block area of
Fresno County. Delimiting survey underway. (Cal. Coop. Rpt.).

MILLIPEDS - ALABAMA - Immature forms numerous in garden mulch throughout State.
(Barwood et al.).

CORRECTIONS

CEIR 15(5):57 (DETECTION) and 62-GOLDEN OAK SCALE (Asterolecanium variolosum) -
ILLINOIS - Peoria County should read Lake County.

LIGHT TRAP COLLECTIONS

109

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= 113 -

SUMMARY OF INSECT CONDITIONS IN THE UNITED STATES - 1964

INTRODUCTION

The summary of insect conditions that begins in this issue and will be continued

in several succeeding issues of the Cooperative Economic Insect Report was compiled
in Survey and Detection Operations from annual summaries that were submitted by
various State and Federal cooperators. A list of the individuals who assisted in
assembling data will be included after the last section of this summary is
published. Survey and Detection Operations is especially appreciative of all

these individuals for their assistance in the preparation of the material for the
1964 summary.

WEATHER OF THE YEAR 19641/

The costliest weather factor of 1964 was deficient summer and autumn rainfall

that resulted in periods of severe to extreme drought in northeastern areas from
northern Virginia through southern New England, in parts of southern Illinois,
southeastern Minnesota, and a Great Plains belt extending from southeastern
Wyoming and the Nebraska Panhandle through western Texas. Some other weather
highlights included heavy snowfall in the western mountains, flood-producing rains
in the Ohio River Basin in March and the Pacific Northwest in December, record-—
breaking annual rainfall in the Southeast, and hurricanes in August, September

and October.

In most of the Far West, temperatures averaged below normal for every month,
except October and December. East of the Rockies the first two months were cold,
then a warm spring was followed by a cool summer. Autumn was normal. December
was cold in the midcontinent area and warm east of the Mississippi River.

January and February were cold in the East, ending the fourth consecutive cold
winter there. January was the warmest in 20 years in the upper Mississippi Valley,
while a few extreme southern stations reported near-record cold not only for
January but also for February.

Precipitation was above normal during January and February in the Atlantic Coastal
States and unusually heavy in the Southeast. Heavy amounts in the western moun-
tains during January built an unusually heavy snowpack which ranged up to more
than 200 inches in the northern Cascades. January and February were very dry in
parts of the midcontinent area, and February was extremely dry in the Far West.
Heavy snow with local blizzard conditions occurred in the Northeast on January 13
with up to 20 inches of snow in eastern Pennsylvania. Another snowstorm of note
occurred in the Texas Panhandle the first week of February when up to 25-inch
falls drifted 20 feet high, isolating several towns and ranches. Flurries were
reported at Houston and Galveston during the third week

The winter of 1963-1964 for the Country, excluding Alaska and Hawaii, was only
slightly warmer than that of 1962-1963, but was much colder in the Far West, much
warmer in the North Central Interior, and about as cold in the South where a few
locations reported the coldest winter on record.

Spring was cold in the Far West, mild east of the Rockies. Precipitation was
extremely scanty in Atlantic coastal areas from North Carolina to southern New
England, and the Ohio Valley thus setting the stage for the summer and fall
drought.

1/ Prepared by L. H. Seamon, Climatologist, Office of Climatology, U.S. Weather
Bureau, Washington, D.C.

=- 114 -

The first several days of March were unusually warm. Abnormally cold weather
during the remainder of the month was climaxed by a record-breaking cold wave in
the Southeast at the end of the month. Peaches suffered heavy damage in the
Carolinas and lesser damage in Georgia, Tennessee, Arkansas, and Mississippi.

This was the coldest March on record at a few locations in the Far West. March
precipitation was extremely heavy in the Ohio River Basin. During the first 10
days, 6 to 8 inches of rainfall between Louisville, Kentucky, and Cairo, Illinois,
and somewhat lesser amounts over the rest of the Ohio Basin caused severe flooding
in the Ohio River and many of its tributaries. Damage was estimated at many
millions of dollars. On March 16, strong, gusty winds in the San Fernando

Valley, south coastal areas, and the San Bernardino Mountains of California,
spread fires that caused millions of dollars damage in addition to comparable
property damage from the wind. Tucson, Arizona, had a 5-inch snowfall on the 3d.
On March 4 a tornado in Hardin and Wayne Counties, Tennessee, caused millions of
dollars damage.

A cold spell in the Far West April 22 to 24 damaged some peaches and cherries in
Oregon and fruit and grapes in California. April precipitation was rather wide-
spread with record amounts in the middle Mississippi Valley and Southeast.
Numerous severe local storms took a heavy toll of property. Two of the worst of
these included a hailstorm which caused damage estimated at 10 million dollars in
the vicinity of St. Louis, Missouri, on the 2d, and a tornado caused 7 deaths and
several million dollars damage at Wichita Falls, Texas, on the 3d.

Another cold spell in the Far West during the first half of May caused some crop
damage in California and the Pacific Northwest. Following the driest May on
record in Maryland, Delaware, and locally in New Jersey, North Carolina, Penn-
sylvania, and West Virginia, drought was becoming serious by the end of the month.
Many forest fires broke out in southern New England. Tornadoes in the midcon-
tinent area May 4 to 10 were responsible for several deaths and hundreds of
injuries.

In general, the summer was unusually hot only in the lower Great Plains, and was
rather dry. The first week of June was unusually cool in the eastern half of the
Country, and some locations in Kansas, Missouri, Louisiana, and the Northeast

had their lowest temperatures ever recorded in June. About midmonth, during
another cool spell in the Northeast, snow squalls in northern Maine were the
latest there on record and were only the second such occurrence in June. Drought
continued from Maryland to New York, but precipitation was above normal in the
northern Rockies and ‘a flood in western Montana was responsible for 30 deaths and
millions of dollars damage.

July was warmer than usual, except in the Southeast and Pacific Northwest where
cloudiness prevented daytime temperatures from reaching their normal heights. The
temperature at Atlanta, Georgia, failed to reach 90° during July for the first time
in 87 years. Precipitation was spotty but generally above normal in the Pacific
Northwest. Charleston, South Carolina, in a wet spot in the Southeast, measured
23.75 inches for the wettest month there since 1738. In contrast, the month was
rather dry in the Northeast where some sections were plagued with drought for

the third consecutive summer. Albany, New York, had only 42 percent of normal
precipitation for the period April through July, the driest such period there

since 1826.

August, relative to normal, was a very cool month, except hot in Texas. Portland,
Maine, had its coolest August; Providence, Rhode Island, its coolest since 1927;
Missoula, Montana,since 1899; and Knoxville, Tennessee, since 1889. During a
cool spell at midmonth, temperatues at some locations were the lowest ever for
August. Heavy snow fell in the northern Rockies during the last week. Continued
dry weather in the lower Ohio Valley and Northeast cut production of some crops,
but rains in Texas improved the dry situation there.

= 115 =

Hurricane Cleo entered Florida in the vicinity of Miami on August 27 and caused
heavy rains along her path to Virginia. Wind damage occurred mainly in a narrow
strip along the Florida coast. Total storm damage was estimated at more than
one hundred-fifteen million dollars, excluding cleanup cost.

The first tornado fatalities of record in Arizona occurred west of Tucson on
August 27. Another tornado caused two million dollars damage in the vicinity of
Port Washington, Wisconsin, on August 22.

Temperatures for autumn averaged about normal. Precipitation was below normal

in the major portion of the country. September was abnormally cool. Heavy rains
were mostly limited to the lower Great Plains, parts of the Far Southwest, and
upper Mississippi Valley where dry soil conditions were considerably relieved.
Tucson, Arizona, had its wettest September since 1867 and its coolest since 1889.
Heat and low relative humidity created a high fire hazard in northern California
and three major fires burned nearly 100,000 acres. Reno, Nevada, recorded 100
percent of possible sunshine, the first time for September. Albany, New York,
reported that its driest September since 1826 continued the record-breaking
drought in that area. Reading, Pennsylvania, had its sixth driest growing season
on record.

Dora, the first hurricane to pass inland over northeastern Florida and the second
to affect Florida this season moved inland in the vicinity of St. Augustine during
the night of September 9-10 and brought heavy rains to an area extending from

Florida and southeast Alabama to southeast Virginia. Winds reached 100 m.p.h. on
the coast. Preliminary reports of property damage from winds and tides indicated
losses near two hundred million dollars in Florida and several million in Georgia.

October was mostly fair and sunny, favorable for harvesting but increased soil
moisture deficiencies except in the Southeast. The month was abnormally cool in
the East, warm in the Far West.

Hurricane Hilda reached St. Mary Parish, Louisiana, on the afternoon of October 3.
Winds of 100 m.p.h. extended some distance inland. Several tornadoes occurred in
Louisiana during the hurricane's passage. A combination of wind and up to 10
inches of rain caused extensive crop and property damage in Louisiana.

Hurricane Isbell moved inland near Everglades, Florida, on the afternoon of

October 14 and offshore about 20 miles north of Palm Beach, Florida, during the
evening of the same day. Winds up to 90 m.p.h. were reported on both the east

and west coasts. At least 11 tornadoes occurred in east Florida coast counties
during the hurricane's passage. Vegetable crops suffered heavy damage but property
losses were light.

November, relative to normal, was mild east of the Rockies and cold in the Far
West. Precipitation was mostly normal or above with unusually heavy amounts in
California and the lower Great Plains. Extremely cold weather the third week
continued the remainder of the month between the Great Lakes and the Rockies
where some stations reported their coldest November. Snowfall was unusually
heavy for November in the western mountains. November precipitation helped
replenish water supplies over much of the Nation and furnished complete relief
in some sections. Some heavy local flooding occurred in Kansas and Oklahoma
the second half of the month.

Precipitation was above normal during December nearly everywhere except portions
of the central and lower midcontinent area, furnishing further drought relief in
the Northeast and Midwest. But unusually heavy to record-breaking amounts in

the Far West caused disastrous floods in western Oregon and northern California.
Snowfall was unusually heavy in the Cascade-Sierra Nevada Mountains. The month
was among the coldest west of the Great Lakes, but mostly near normal elsewhere.

- 116 -

CEREAL AND FORAGE INSECTS
GRASSHOPPERS
Highlights:

GRASSHOPPERS were generally not a problem during the 1964 season. Egg hatch

was delayed 2-3 weeks in Washington due to cool weather, and expected high pop-
ulations did not materialize in the northeast part of the State. Populations
were generally very light on rangeland throughout Colorado, with no buildup
expected in 1965. Losses from grasshoppers in the State were negligible during
1964. Grasshoppers were generally more abundant in Utah than in 1963, but
infestations in northern Nevada were much below predicted levels for the season.
Grasshoppers damaged rangeland, pasture grasses and other forage crops in Texas,
with heavy infestations reported in northwest, central and gulf coast areas.
Populations were heavy in several portions of Oklahoma. Grasshopper numbers
remained low in Kansas during 1964, but there was some spotted damage to crop
and rangelands in Nebraska. Grasshopper populations over North Dakota were
generally noneconomic to light, but moderate numbers did appear in isolated areas
of the State. Weather conditions in Minnesota were ideal for egg hatch and
nymphal development for the second consecutive year. The outlook for 1965 is for
increased problems in areas rated as threatening to severe. Grasshoppers caused
considerable damage to alfalfa and marginal rows of corn in scattered areas of
Wisconsin, but high populations were less intensified with damage occurring over
a wider area than in 1963. In Illinois, heavy rains aided in keeping populations
at a low level. Populations were noneconomic throughout Indiana, and relatively
low numbers were present in Michigan. A map showing the results of the adult
survey for 1964 was carried in CEIR 15(3):following page 44.

GRASSHOPPER egg hatch was delayed two to three weeks in WASHINGTON due to cool
weather. Numbers were generally low in the eastern portion of the State, with
expected high populations not materializing in Ferry, Stevens and Pend Orielle
Counties. Hatch was late in southern counties, with up to 50 percent in nymphal
stages during the first week of August. Economic infestations developed only in
Asotin and Garfield Counties, where grasshoppers averaged 10-12 per square yard
on rangeland. The principal species causing damage in Washington during mild,
fall weather in October were MIGRATORY GRASSHOPPER (Melanoplus sanguineus) ,
PACKARD GRASSHOPPER (M. packardii), TWO-STRIPED GRASSHOPPER (M. bivittatus),
Arphia pseudonietana, Aulocara elliotti and CLEAR-WINGED GRASSHOPPER (Camnula
pellucida). Rangeland grasshopper activity was retarded during the early part
of the 1964 season in WYOMING by a cool, late spring, with hatching underway

by mid-May. Surveys revealed that more than 200,000 acres of rangeland were
economically infested by June 25, and a cooperative rangeland control program
was begun in the Platte-Goshen County area of the State by June 30. Controls
were applied to a total of 223,983 acres of rangeland; 161,768 acres in Johnson
County, 36,655 acres in Platte County, 24,060 acres in Goshen County and 1,500
acres in Hot Springs County. The 1964 adult survey in Wyoming indicated an
18-percent increase in infested acreage over that of 1963. A total of 1,156,000
acres of rangeland was found to be infested with grasshoppers numbering over 7 per
square yard. In general, grasshopper populations were very light on rangeland
throughout COLORADO in 1964, with no buildup expected in 1965. The only known
control in the State was in Archuleta County by a landowner on a mountain meadow
infestation of 200 acres. Losses caused by grasshoppers in Colorado during 1964
were negligible.

Grasshoppers in general, including migratory grasshopper and Aulocara elliotti,
were more abundant in UTAH during 1964; however Packard grasshopper, two- striped
grasshopper and RED-LEGGED GRASSHOPPER (Melanoplus femurrubrum) were present in
normal numbers. Grasshoppers as a group were responsible for moderate damage in
several areas of Washington County, Utah, during the 1964 season. Grasshopper
infestations in the northern counties of NEVADA were much below predicted levels

- 117 -

for 1964. Although adult grasshopper surveys in 1963 indicated potential infes-—
tations on 334,240 acres for the 1964 season, unfavorable weather and other factors
reduced populations in most areas in this section of Nevada, and only small,
localized infestations developed. Most controls, where necessary, were applied
against Aulocara elliotti, clear—winged grasshopper, migratory grasshopper, Packard
grasshopper and Oedaleonotus enigma, except in Lyon County where Melanoplus
cinereus was involved. The 1964 adult grasshopper survey in Nevada indicated
infestations on 172,400 acres located primarily in Elko, Eureka, Humboldt, Lander
and White Pine Counties. Early predictions concerning grasshoppers were difficult
in CALIFORNIA during 1964 because of an open winter and because considerable
periods of rain prevailed until May. In April, medium to heavy populations
developed in Kern County and heavy hatches occurred at lower elevations in San
Diego County. Infestations were prevalent in local areas of California from May
through August, ranging light to heavy statewide. Pastures, rangeland and alfalfa
were main areas of infestation, although walnuts and grapes were infested in
Amador County, citrus in Madera County, and yards and gardens in Lassen and Shasta
Counties. Most controls in California were applied by individual landowners;
however, 4 widely scattered areas comprising 3,500 acres were treated with Federal
assistance and 50,000 acres by local enterprise and county assistance in Kern
County. Very light populations were beginning to appear at the end of 1964 in
many areas of California where grasshoppers have been absent for the past several
years. Several grasshopper species were of consequence on cereal and forage crops
during the 1964 season, but very few areas required mass treatments.

In ARIZONA, spring hatching rangeland grasshoppers infested 15,500 acres of
Federal and private lands in Graham, Apache, Navajo, Gila and Coconino Counties,
and summer hatching species infested a total of 1,452,400 acres of Federal, State
and private lands in Pima, Graham, Santa Cruz, Yavapai, Cochise and Pinal Counties.
Due to drought conditions in most areas of NEW MEXICO during 1964, grasshopper
hatch was erratic. Heavy infestations were found on approximately 500 acres near
Regina in Rio Arriba County and approximately 4,000 acres of cropland and 500
acres of rangeland on the Zuni Indian Reservation south of Gallup, McKinley County.
Spotted, light to heavy infestations of grasshoppers were also noted along the

Rio Grande in Bernalillo and Sandoval Counties, New Mexico. In TEXAS, several
species of grasshoppers damaged rangeland, pasture grasses and other forage crops,
and heavy infestations were reported in northwest, central and gulf coast areas

of the State during the 1964 season. Grasshopper nymphs became active in OKLAHOMA
in mid-April and adults reached peak activity in July. Populations were heavy in
several areas in the south central, west central and east central portions of
Oklahoma, with controls carried out on 10,000 acres in Pittsburg County in early
July. The dominant species in Oklahoma during 1964 were two-striped grasshopper,
DIFFERENTIAL GRASSHOPPER (Melanoplus differentialis), Ageneotettix deorum and
Mermiria maculipennis. Various grasshoppers were noted in ARKANSAS during the
season. Infestations were average, except for a few which became economic in
small areas of the northwest section. This was apparently the result of extended
drought in this area. Treatments were applied to only 350 acres in the State

this season. The principal grasshopper pest in Arkansas in 1964 was an
unspecified long-nosed species.

Nymphs of migratory grasshopper began emerging in the southeastern delta area of
MISSOURI about May 2 and nymphs of Melanoplus spp. were emerging in southwestern,
central and northwestern areas of the State by May 16. Grasshopper hatch was 90
percent complete by May 30. Adult populations were low in all areas of Missouri
in 1964, and economic damage was rare. Excessive rain at hatching time and
during early nymphal stages was undoubtedly responsible for the reduction of the
number of grasshoppers reaching full growth. Highest grasshopper infestations

in Missouri during the season were classed as moderately light; counts ranged 3-7
per square yard in the field and 11-20 per square yard in margins in Monroe,
Audrain and Boone Counties (central area), Barton, Dade, Jasper, Lawrence, Newton
and Barry Counties (southwest area) and in Douglas, Howell and Ozark Counties
(south central area). The most economic species in the State during the season,
in order of importance, were red-legged grasshopper, differential grasshopper,
migratory grasshopper and two-striped grasshopper. No formal survey was conducted

= 118 =

in Missouri during 1964. Grasshoppers remained low in numbers in KANSAS, with
controls being applied only in a few local areas, Grasshoppers caused spotted
damage to crop and rangelands in NEBRASKA during the 1964 season. Infestations
ranged from moderate to severe on Cropland and rangeland, but cropland infestations
were scattered. Damaging populations occurred in the southwest and southeast

areas and along the southern border of the State. Infested rangeland areas were
largely in the pine ridge area of northwest Nebraska. Cropland controls were ~
applied at the local level and there was a small rangeland control program in
northwest Nebraska.

Grasshopper eggs in SOUTH DAKOTA were 10 percent coagulated, 30 percent eye spot
and 60 percent segmented during the first part of May. Predators and parasites
destroyed 10 percent of the eggs present. Light grasshopper hatches were
observed in the south central and west central regions of South Dakota during
mid-May and economic numbers on croplands did not appear in the State until about
mid-July, when damage was observed on corn and alfalfa. An intensive spray
program was undertaken on rangeland in Shannon County on July 1 where grasshoppers
were very abundant. Control was very effective in the area. The adult grass-—
hopper survey was begun August 10 and revealed many scattered high infestations
throughout the State. Damage to winter grains was observed in central South
Dakota during the late fall. The grasshopper egg survey was conducted only in
fields where heavy adult populations had occurred during the summer, and the
results showed a light to threatening situation, with control being difficult

due to the dry conditons that existed. Grasshopper populations over NORTH DAKOTA
were generally noneconomic to light; however, moderate numbers appeared in
isolated areas. Results of the fall egg survey were similar to the adult survey.
Migratory grasshopper and Ageneotettix deorum were the dominant rangeland species,
with migratory grasshopper, red-legged grasshopper, two-striped grasshopper,
differential grasshopper and Packard grasshopper being the principal cropland
species. Chorthippus longicornis was one of the dominant species in some eastern
areas of the State. Cropland infestations were mostly noneconomic to light, with
the occasional appearance of moderate numbers. Immature stages of bee flies,
ground beetles and blister beetles were found at most sites where eggs were
observed in South Dakota, but less than one percent of egg pods were destroyed

or infested in 1964.

For the second consecutive year, weather conditions in MINNESOTA during 1964,
were ideal for grasshopper egg hatch and nymphal development. Drought conditions
beginning in May and extefiding through July resulted in population increases in
nearly all districts of the State. Grasshoppers showed greatest increases in pop-
ulation and area of infestation in the southeastern corner of the State. In
general, other areas of the State remained much the same as in 1963, but population
intensity did increase. Grasshopper populations along roadsides, ditches and, to
a lesser extent, field margins showed marked increases in 1964. Threatening to
severe infestations were most numerous in southeastern, east central, central

and southwestern Minnesota and, to a lesser extent, in west central and north-
western districts. Within these threatening to severe areas, infestations were
scattered and localized during the 1964 season. Alfalfa was the primary host,
but where roadside and ditchbank infestations occurred adjacent to crops, corn
and soybeans were important hosts. Grasshopper movement from hatching areas

into corn and soybeans occurred throughout Minnesota, and the drought conditions
of 1964 intensified this movement. Two migrating flights were reported in the
State, one in Hennepin County and the other in Wright County. Damage to corn,
soybeans and hay crops, coupled with drought conditions, was heavy in some areas
of the State. Control work, however, was limited. Red-legged grasshopper con-
tinued to be the dominant species in Minnesota during 1964. Differential grass-—
hopper and two-striped grasshopper were present in low numbers generally, but
were economic in some fields, especially along roadsides. The outlook for the
1965 season in Minnesota is for increased grasshopper problems in areas of the
State rated as threatening to severe. Weather conditions at and after egg hatch
in 1965 will be the single, most important factor in determining the extent and
severity of grasshopper infestations in Minnesota.

= dlilg) =

In WISCONSIN, considerable damage to alfalfa and marginal rows of corn occurred
in scattered areas. High populations of grasshoppers were less intensified, and
damage occurred over a wider area than in 1963. Eggs of red-legged grasshopper
were in the coagulated stage by May 8, with second to fourth instars observed by
June 5. A delayed hatch occurred in Wisconsin in late June and early July, with
first adults present by July 24 and egg development being noted by August 14.

Eggs were ready for deposition by August 28, and mating and oviposition were
observed as late as October 16. In Richland County, Wisconsin, adults were common
on November 13. Damage was most noticeable in extreme northwest, west central,
central, east central and south central areas of the State this season. Develop-
ment of two-striped grasshopper had reached third and fourth instars by June 26
with feeding on corn and soybeans observed in Adams County, and oviposition

noted in Oneida County by August 7. Eggs of Melanoplus confusus hatched April 25,
about 5 days later than previous years. Eggs of differential grasshopper were

in the coagulated stage by May 8, second instars were observed by May 15 and some
fourth-stage nymphs by June 5, and adults were noted by August 7. Adults of
CAROLINA GRASSHOPPER (Dissosteira carolina) were common along roadsides in
Wisconsin in mid and late summer.

Red-legged grasshopper, migratory grasshopper and differential grasshopper were
less abundant in ILLINOIS during the 1964 season than they were in 1963. The
main grasshopper hatch occurred about mid-June and heavy rains aided in keeping
populations low this season. The first adults of migratory grasshopper were
observed in sandy areas July 6-9. Grasshoppers, in combination with other
insects, caused some rather noticeable leaf feeding injury in fields of soybeans
and marginal rows of corn in Illinois during the season. Controls for grasshoppers
were applied to an estimated 219,626 acres of cropland in the State during 1964,
which is about one-third the acreage treated during the 1963 season. Grasshopper
populations were generally noneconomic throughout INDIANA during 1964. In the
northern quarter of the State, scattered populations reached maximum densities of
5-7 adults per square yard in field margins of alfalfa. Elsewhere in Indiana,
population densities were less than one adult per square yard. Red-legged grass-—
hopper tended to dominate the grasshopper population in Indiana during 1964, but
other species commonly observed included differential grasshopper, two-striped
grasshopper, Carolina grasshopper and an occasional Schistocerca sp.

Grasshoppers were present in relatively low numbers in MICHIGAN during the 1964
season. A survey conducted September 29 revealed low numbers of red-legged
grasshopper in Montcalm, Mecosta, Osceola, Missaukee and Kalkaska Counties.

Adults of red-legged grasshopper, which was the most common species found,
numbered fewer than 2 per square yard in the most heavily infested field surveyed,
a mixture of red clover and alfalfa in Mecosta County. Migratory grasshopper

was the second most common species found in these aforementioned counties of
Michigan. No fields were surveyed where adults of migratory grasshopper numbered
higher than one per square yard. During the 1964 annual grasshopper survey in
OHIO, lower populations, more species and a wider State distribution were
observed. The total grasshopper population was estimated to be composed of 70
percent red-legged grasshopper, 24 percent differential grasshopper, 3 percent
Tettigidea spp. and Arphia xanthoptera, and the remaining one percent consisted
of Encoptolophus sordidus, Hippiscus rugosus and unidentified miscellaneous grass-
hoppers.

Adults and nymphs of differential grasshopper and red-legged grasshopper caused
conspicuous late-season damage to foliage and silks of field corn in Frederick,
Carroll and Montgomery Counties, MARYLAND. During July and August, Melanoplus
spp. were general in alfalfa and red clover and caused noticeable injury to
these crops in several areas of the State. In early September, several fields
of soybeans on the lower Eastern Shore of Maryland were extensively damaged by
Melanoplus spp. The hatch of first-generation grasshoppers occurred throughout
ALABAMA about March 25 to April 15, coinciding with the emergence of cotton,
corn, grass, legumes and other crops. Some ragging of young plants followed,
but no serious loss of stands or early crop destruction occurred this season.
Continuous and overlapping generations followed. Considerable feeding on foliage

- 120 =

of lespedeza, kudzu, grain sorghum, Bermuda grass, Johnson grass, hybrid Sudan
grasses and other forage crops was observed. The most serious damage caused by
grasshoppers in Alabama during the 1964 season and in combination with unspecified
crickets, was perhaps the destruction of or weakening of stands of reseeded
crimson clover, sweet clover and other winter clovers in grass sods during
September, October and November. Extremely large grasshopper populations built
up from September until frost in late November and seedlings of winter clovers
were destroyed almost before true leaves appeared and before the situation could
be recognized. The species involved, in order of importance, were red-legged
grasshopper, differential grasshopper, AMERICAN GRASSHOPPER (Schistocerca
americana) and other miscellaneous species.

MORMON CRICKET (Anabrus simplex) was no threat to the large acreages of rangelands
in the Bear Mountain area of Daggett County, UTAH, during the 1964 season. Light
infestations were found in Daggett, Uintah, Millard, Sanpete, Tooele, San Juan,
Grand and Juab Counties, with numbers generally too light to justify major control
programs. A small infestation of Mormon cricket was found May 6, 1964, near Page
in Coconino County, ARIZONA. This is the first time this cricket has been

detected in this area. Adult surveys for Mormon cricket in NEVADA indicated a
decrease from the 33,000 acres infested in 1963 to 8,500 acres infested during
1964. The heaviest infestations found this season were on 6,500 acres in Eureka
County and 1,200 acres in Lander County. In IDAHO, scattered infestations of
Mormon cricket were noted on Packer John Peak in Valley County east of Cascade
during September. A possible buildup was indicated at that time, but apparently
did not materialize. Emergence of Mormon cricket was well advanced in northern
Sherman and Gilliam Counties, OREGON, during the week ending April 18. Crickets
were locally abundant in protected canyons, with counts up to 10 per square yard
being found April 6 and 7. Scattered individuals of Mormon cricket in the solitary
stage were observed in Grant and Okanogan Counties, WASHINGTON, throughout the
summer of 1964.

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February 26, 1965

“AGRICULTURAL RESE

a

MENT OF AGRICULTURE

BI,

AGRICULTURAL RESEARCH SERVICE

PLANT PEST CONTROL DIVISION

SURVEY AND DETECTION OPERATIONS

The Cooperative Economic Insect Report is issued
weekly as a service to American Agriculture. Its contents
are compiled from information supplied by cooperating State,
Federal, and industrial entomologists and other agricultural
workers. In releasing this material the Division serves as
a clearing house and does not assume responsibility for ac-
curacy of the material.

All correspondence pertaining to additions, dele-
tions and changes of addresses for the mailing
list for this report should be sent to:

Service Operations Division
Office of Plant and Operations
United States Department of Agriculture
Washington, D. C. 20250

Reports and inquiries pertaining to this release
should be mailed to:

Survey and Detection Operations
Plant Pest Control Division
Agricultural Research Service
United States Department of Agriculture
Federal Center Building
Hyattsville, Maryland 20781

Volume 15 February 26, 1965 Number 9

COOPERATIVE ECONOMIC INSECT REPORT
HIGHLIGHTS

GREENBUG appearing on small grain in southern Georgia, and present on wheat in
several areas of Oklahoma. PEA APHID moderate to heavy on alfalfa in Eddy County,
New Mexico, with few controls applied; counts rather high on alfalfa in areas of
Arizona. Damage to alfalfa by a WEEVIL (Hypera brunneipennis) evident on 65 per-
cent of terminals on Yuma Mesa and 25 percent of terminals in Yuma and Gila
Valleys in Arizona. (p. 123). CLOVER MITE also damaging alfalfa on Yuma Mesa.
(p. 124).

GLOVER SCALE and YELLOW SCALE populations on Florida citrus highest in 15 years
of record. (p. 124).

MOSQUITOES active in Jefferson County, Texas, and in Payne County, Oklahoma.
SHEEP KED moderate to very numerous on sheep in areas of Utah. (p. 128).

DETECTION

Three species of STONEFLIES, Allocapnia recta, A, aurora and Leuctra sp., reported
for first time from South Carolina. (p. 129). New county and parish records
reported were: EUROPEAN CORN BORER (Ostrinia nubilalis) from Aiken, Allendale,
Edgefield, Lexington, Newberry, Orangeburg, Pickens, Richland, Union, Williamsburg
and York Counties, South Carolina, (p. 123); a WHITEFLY (Dialeurodes kirkaldyi)
from Palm Beach County, Florida, (p. 127); IMPORTED FIRE ANT (Solenopsis saevissima
richteri) from Winn and Jackson Parishes, Louisiana, (only Claiborne Parish
remains free of infestations in State); Cleburne County, Alabama; Jeff Davis and
Wilkinson Counties, Georgia; and Franklin County, Florida, (p. 129).

SPECIAL REPORTS

Beet Leafhopper Survey in Desert Areas of Southern Utah and Nevada, Southwestern
California and Central Arizona, (p. 125). If present conditions prevail, move-
ment into cultivated areas is expected to be light to moderate in southeastern
California, central Arizona, southern Nevada and Utah, light in central and
northern Utah, and moderate in eastern Utah and western Colorado.

Status of the Screw-worm in the Southwest. (p. 130). No screw-worm cases were
reported in the Southwestern Eradication Area, from Arizona or from the Republic
of Mexico during the period February 14-20.

Estimated Losses and Production Costs Attributed to Insects and Related Arthropods
Attacking Wheat, Corn, Alfalfa and Potatoes in Montana in 1964. (pp. 131-133).

Summary of Insect Conditions in the United States - 1964

Cereal and Forage Insects (continued)
Small Grain Insects (p. 134).

Reports in this issue are for week ending February 19 unless otherwise indicated.

- 122 -
WEATHER OF THE WEEK ENDING FEBRUARY 22

Most of the week was fair and sunny with rising temperatures west of the
Mississippi. Temperatures remained near or below normal in the East. Most of
the week's precipitation was limited to the South and the Pacific Northwest.

TEMPERATURE: This week was 5 degrees or more warmer than normal in the Pacific
States, the northern Rockies, northern Great Plains, and the middle Mississippi
River Basin; and 5° to 10° warmer than the previous week between the Mississippi
River and the Cascades and Sierra Nevada Mountains. In the midcontinent area,
rising temperatures reached very high levels for the season on the 19th and 20th
and greatly reduced the snow cover. The weekend cold wave reduced cold tempera—
tures to much below normal levels throughout the central area. In the
Appalachians and in the Atlantic Coast States north of the Florida Peninsula,
temperatures remained near seasonal level during most of the period.

PRECIPITATION: Moderate to heavy precipitation was mainly limited to the Gulf
and South Atlantic Coast States where widespread heavy rains on the 16th and 17th
totaled from 1 to 2 inches in much of the area. In western Washington, frequent
rains also totaled from 1 to over 2 inches in agricultural areas. Elsewhere,
precipitation was light except for moderate amounts in a few scattered areas in
the Northeast and in the Great Lakes region. Only a few measurable amounts were
recorded in the Dakotas and much of the Great Basin and in the Far Southwest.

The conditions are still very dry in the Great Plains area from the Texas Pan-
handle northward and in western Arkansas.

SNOW COVER: East of the Rockies, snow cover is limited to the Appalachian high-
Tands northeast, the immediate Great Lakes States, and north of a line extending

from central Wisconsin to southern Nebraska. (Summary supplied by U.S. Weather

Bureau).

- 123 -
CEREAL AND FORAGE INSECTS

GREENBUG (Schizaphis graminum) - OKLAHOMA - Ranged 0-15 per linear foot in wheat
checked in Kiowa, Jackson, Kingfisher, Blaine, Dewey, Custer, Washita and Beckham
Counties. (Okla. Coop. Sur.). ARKANSAS - Surveys negative. Small grain acreage
very low in all sections, except in northwest where wheat is grown. Grkeainss
Sur.). GEORGIA - Infestations light on small grains in southern part of State.
(Johnson). NEW MEXICO - None detected in fields of small grains checked in
Chaves, Eddy and Lea Counties. (N.M. Coop. Rpt.).

APPLE GRAIN APHID (Rhopalosiphum fitchii) - OKLAHOMA - Averaged 20 per linear
foot in wheat in Jackson County. “None found in other areas checked. (Okla. Coop.
Sur.).

CORN LEAF APHID (Rhopalosiphum maidis) - NEW MEXICO - Light, spotted infestations
noted in small grain fields in Chaves and Eddy Counties. (N.M. Coop. Rpt.).

ENGLISH GRAIN APHID (Macrosiphum avenae) - ARKANSAS - Counts ranged zero to very

low in all areas checked. Small grain acreage very low except in northwest where
wheat is grown. (Ark. Ins. Sur.).

APHIDS - SOUTH CAROLINA - Caused serious damage to oats on sandier soils in
southern Fairfield County; controls urged. (Nettles et al, Feb. 16).

SOUTHWESTERN CORN BORER (Zeadiatraea grandiosella) — OKLAHOMA - Live larvae
present in 16 percent of stalks checked in field of corn in Beckham County. None
found in field in Okmulgee County. (Okla. Coop. Sur.).

EUROPEAN CORN BORER (Ostrinia nubilalis) - SOUTH CAROLINA - Infestations found in
following counties during September and October, 1964: Aiken, Allendale, Edgefield,
Lexington, Newberry, Orangeburg, Pickens, Richland, Union, Williamsburg and York.
These are all new county records. (Kirk).

A SPRINGTAIL - OKLAHOMA - Averaged 50 per linear foot in field of wheat in
Beckham County. (Okla. Coop. Sur.).

GRASSHOPPERS - OKLAHOMA - Egg survey in Pittsburg County showed 1 egg pod per

20 square feet. Control program conducted in area during 1964 season. (Okla.
Coop. Sur.). ALABAMA - Adults of unspecified species noted during warmer days

in pastures, wooded areas and in fields of broomsedge (Andropogon sp.) in southern
and central areas. (Barwood et al.). rat ia Tae hs

PEA APHID (Acyrthosiphon pisum) - ARIZONA - Populations ranged 800-2,500 per 100
sweeps on alfalfa in Yuma County and 900-1,500 in Maricopa County. (Ariz. Coop.
Sur.). NEW MEXICO - Moderate to heavy in alfalfa near Artesia, Eddy County; few
controls being applied. Mostly light in Dona Ana County alfalfa. (N.M. Coop.
Rpt.). OKLAHOMA - Averaged 5 per square foot in overwintering alfalfa in Payne
County and 1 per square foot in Choctaw County. (Okla. Coop. Sur.).

SPOTTED ALFALFA APHID (Therioaphis maculata) - NEW MEXICO - Light to moderate,
spotted infestations noted in Eddy County alfalfa. (N.M. Coop. Rpt.).

A WEEVIL (Hypera brunneipennis) - ARIZONA - Some decrease in populations found

in alfalfa in Yuma County, particularly in heavy infestations on Yuma Mesa.

Damage evident on 65 percent of terminals on Yuma Mesa and 25 percent of terminals
in Yuma and Gila Valleys. (Ariz. Coop. Sur.).

ALFALFA CATERPILLAR (Colias eurytheme) - ARIZONA - Adult and larval populations
decreased sharpely on alfalfa in Yuma, Maricopa and Pinal Counties. (Ariz. Coop.
Sur.).

GRANULATE CUTWORM (Feltia subterranea) — ARIZONA — Light infestations noted in
some alfalfa in Yuma County, particularly on lighter, sandier soils. (Ariz. Coop.
SUES )) 6

- 124 -

CLOVER MITE (Bryobia praetiosa) —- ARIZONA - Heavy but scattered populations
damaging alfalfa on Yuma Mesa in Yuma County. (Ariz. Coop. Sur.).

FRUIT INSECTS

Citrus Insect Situation in Florida - Mid-—February - CITRUS RUST MITE (Phyllo-
coptruta oleivora) infested 55 percent of groves (norm 64 percent); 36 percent
‘economic (norm 40 percent). Population below average, in moderate range on
leaves and fruit. Increase expected. Highest districts south, west and east.
East has heavier infestations on fruit than on leaves. TEXAS CITRUS MITE
(Eutetranychus banksi) infested 33 percent of groves (norm 19 percent); 11
percent economic (norm 5 percent). Population above average, but in low range
typical for February. Little change expected. Highest district west. CITRUS
RED MITE (Panonychus citri) infested 27 percent of groves (norm 56 percent);

9 percent economic (norm 28 percent). Population near record low level. Slight
increase expected. Highest districts west and north. SIX-SPOTTED MITE (Eote-
tranychus sexmaculatus) infested 6 percent of groves (norm 9 percent); 1 percent
‘economic (norm I percent). Below normal abundance, in very low range. Gradual
increase expected; groves should be checked frequently. GLOVER SCALE (Lepido-
saphes gloverii) infested 87 percent of groves; 32 percent economic. More
‘abundant than any time in past 15 years. Increase expected. Highest districts
south, central and east. PURPLE SCALE (L. beckii) infested 80 percent of groves;
20 percent economic. Population entered high range; few infestations important.
Little change expected. Highest districts south, central and east. CHAFF SCALE
(Parlatoria pergandii) infested 76 percent of groves; 19 percent economic.
Population above normal and will increase. Most infestations will be light to
moderate. Highest districts east, south and central. YELLOW SCALE (Aonidiella
citrina) infested 67 percent of groves; 21 percent economic. Population is
highest in 15 years of record. Further increase expected. Highest districts
central and south, a few heavy infestations present in north. BLACK SCALE
(Saissetia oleae) at low level and decreasing except in east. WHITEFLIES, MEALY-
BUGS and Unaspis citri continue above average. (W. A. Simanton (Citrus Expt.
Sta., Lake Alfred)).

BLACK SCALE (Saissetia oleae) — CALIFORNIA — Adults and nymphs locally heavy on
citrus trees in Hollister, San Benito County. (Cal. Coop. Rpt.).

BARNACLE SCALE (Ceroplastes cirripediformis) - CALIFORNIA - Probably this species

medium locally on citrus in Fremont, Alameda County. Apparently weather has been
favorable for population increases. (Cal. Coop. Rpt.).

CITRUS BLACKFLY (Aleurocanthus woglumi) -— MEXICO - Chemical Control Zone - In
State of Nuevo Leon, 16 trees with 50 infested leaves found on 7 properties.
Small citrus tree in can on residential property at Benjamin Hill, Sonora,
infested with larvae and egg spirals. Plant brought from State of Jalisco in
August, 1964. Other small citrus trees on property inspected; infested tree
destroyed and inspection of other citrus at Benjamin Hill started immediately.
Biological Control Zone -—- Seven properties in Municipios Hidalgo and Guemez,
Tamaulipas, lightly infested. Prospaltella opulenta (a eulophid) now widely
established in State of Yucatan and Territory Of Quintana Roo. Control satis-—
factory in most areas. (PPC Mex. Reg., Jan. Rpt.).

TRUCK CROP INSECTS

APHIDS - Acyrthosiphon barri medium on older lettuce heads in fields; controls
required in Yuma County. Myzus persicae (green peach aphid) continues increase
on lettuce in Yuma County; controls necessary in most fields. (Ariz. Coop. Sur.).

TOMATO PSYLLID (Paratrioza cockerelli) ~- CALIFORNIA - Larvae, probably this
species, medium on pepper plants in Spring Valley, San Diego County. (Cal. Coop.
Rpt.).

- 125 -

Beet Leafhopper Survey in Desert Areas of Southern Utah and Nevada,
Southwestern California and Central Arizona

Surveys were conducted for beet leafhopper (Circulifer tenellus) during the
period January 26 to February 6, 1965. If present conditions prevail, spring
movement from the southern desert breeding grounds to cultivated districts of
southeastern California, central Arizona, southern Nevada and Utah is expected

to be light to moderate, movement to central and northern Utah light, and move-
ment to eastern Utah and western Colorado moderate with possibility some heavy
concentration of leafhoppers due to local topography. The southern desert breeding
grounds, comprising approximately 50,000 square miles of potential weed host
area, were considered to have an estimated 42 percent host plant cover at time

of survey. Fall and winter rains promoted host development over considerable
portions of winter breeding areas in Arizona and some areas in southern Utah.
Plant growth was spotty in southeastern California and southern Nevada. General
storms in the southeastern desert area at the end of the first week in February
should help sustain weed hosts and may cause additional seeds to germinate.

The average number of leafhoppers per square foot in areas where host plants were
present was 0.04 compared with 0.15 in 1964, 0.02 in 1963, 0.012 in 1962 and

0.02 in 1961. It is estimated that overwintering beet leafhoppers in the southern
desert breeding grounds total 12 billion in 1965 compared with 112 billion in
1964 and 7.7 billion in 1963. This report covers only the beet leafhopper
situation in the area surveyed. It does not have reference to populations that
may have overwintered in local breeding areas in northern and eastern Utah and

in western Colorado and Nevada. (PPC, West. Reg.).

A STINK BUG (Thyanta punctiventris) -— CALIFORNIA - Light in sugar beets in
Caruthers, Fresno County. (CalemCoopeRpit=p ir

BEET ARMYWORM (Spodoptera exigua) -— ARIZONA - Light to medium on seed sugar beets
in Tempe-Mesa aréa, Maricopa County. CArize Coop. Sur.) !:

A NOCTUID MOTH (Proxenus mindara) — CALIFORNIA - Light in sugar beets in Caruthers,
and in strawberries in Several Locations in Fresno County. Cala Coops eRpte

CABBAGE LOOPER (Trichoplusia ni) - ARIZONA - Very young larvae require treatments
on lettuce in Yuma and Maricopa Counties. (Ariz. Coop. Sur.).

A LEAF ROLLER MOTH (Platynota stultana) — CALIFORNIA -— Larvae medium on sugar
beets in Caruthers and Fresno, Fresno County. (Cal. Coop. Rpt.).

A LEAF MINER FLY (Liriomyza sp.) - FLORIDA - Caused light to heavy damage and
100 percent infestation of 200 celery plants, 21 inches high, in commercial
planting at Sanford, Seminole County. (Desin).

SWEETPOTATO WEEVIL (Cylas formicarius elegantulus) - Newly infested property
found in Grady County, GEORGIA; I3 properties released from regulation in Appling,
Decatur, Grady, Pierce and Wayne Counties. Wayne County now free of known
infestations. Surveys in 17 southern ALABAMA counties negative except for one
property in Houston County. Surveys in 19 LOUISIANA parishes revealed newly
infested properties in East Feliciana, Livingston, St. Helena, St. Landry,
Tangipahoa and Washington Parishes; 87 properties released from regulation in
East Baton Rouge, Livingston, St. Helena and Tangipahoa Parishes. (PPC South
Reg., Jan. Rpt.).

TOBACCO INSECTS

TOBACCO FLEA BEETLE (Epitrix hirtipennis) - GEORGIA - Light on tobacco in plant
beds in southern area. (Johnson) .

VEGETABLE WEEVIL (Listroderes costirostris obliquus) - GEORGIA - Light to
moderate damage to tobacco in plant beds in southern area. (Johnson).

- 126 -
COTTON INSECTS

PINK BOLLWORM (Pectinophora gossypiella) -— TEXAS - Overwintering specimens taken
from seed capsules of althea in Matagorda County. (Texas Coop. Rpt., Sparks).
FLORIDA - Larvae taken on wild cotton (Gossypium hirsutum) at 2 locations
February 9, and at 1 location February Il at Cape Sable, Monroe County. (Weaver,
Humphries et al.).

FOREST, ORNAMENTAL AND SHADE TREE INSECTS

CONIFER BARK BEETLES (Dendroctonus spp.) — TEXAS - Evaluation survey over portions
of 9 southeastern counties for D. frontalis (southern pine beetle) completed.
Active brood trees, mostly single-tree infestations, scattered throughout area

and amounted to approximately 2 trees per 1,000 acres surveyed. Efforts to

reduce damage by D. terebrans (black turpentine beetle) on National forests
located in Angelina, Houston, San Augustine and Trinity Counties continued.

Damage remained constant on loblolly and shortleaf pines. Control performed

in hazard areas, such as recent logging sites and where mechanical damage

occurred in site preparation, to prevent population buildups. (Texas For. Pest
Comm., Jan. Rpt.; Williamson).

ENGRAVER BEETLES (Ips. spp.) -— TEXAS - No unusual damage by I. avulsus, I. grandi-
collis and I. calligraphus reported during month. (Texas For. Pest Comm., Jan.
Rpt.; Williamson).

GYPSY MOTH (Porthetria dispar) - Survey in vicinity of positive trapsites in

NEW JERSEY revealed one or two egg clusters at majority of sites; 14-43 egg
clusters taken at 4 sites, however. Egg cluster taken in Cedar Grove, Essex
County, first record for county in recent years. Surveys in positive trapsites
in Jefferson County, NEW YORK, revealed 2 additional hedgerow infestations and

3 spots of old clusters or pupal cases located at points away from any previously
known infestations. Inspection of 13 cords of firewood in Putnam County revealed
14 egg masses. Total of 31 egg masses treated and removed from 135 redcedar
posts in CONNECTICUT destined for out of State. Scouting completed in
MASSACHUSETTS and RHODE ISLAND nurseries; infestations, when found, generally
very Light.) (PPG Haste Res),) gan! Rpt.)

A WHITEFLY (Dialeurodes kirkaldyi) - FLORIDA - Larvae and pupae severe on leaves
of Jasminum sambac ‘Grand Duke’ in landscape company at Lake Park, Palm Beach
County. (Long, Feb. 12). This is a new county record. (ARS).

WHITEFLIES -— ALABAMA - Unspecified species ranged 3-500 nymphs attached to
undersides of gardenia leaves on numerous plants used as foundation plantings.
(McQueen).

APHIDS - OKLAHOMA — Unidentified species moderate and damaging euonymus in green-—
house in Stillwater, Payne County. (Okla. Coop. Sur.). ARIZONA - Essigella
fusca found on pines in nurseries in Phoenix area, Maricopa County. (Ariz. Coop.

Suey).

COCCIDS -— FLORIDA - All stages of Howardia biclavis (mining scale) severe on stems
of 85 inpsected plants of Jasminum multiflorum at Miami, Dade County. (Herrmann,
Feb. 9). Parlatoria pseudaspidiotus severe on leaves of vanda orchid 'Rose Marie'
at Largo, Pinellas County. ingaman, Barber, Feb. 10). Phenacaspis cockerelli
moderate to severe on leaves of Magnolia grandiflora at nursery in Seminole,
Pinellas County, (Bingaman, Miller, Barber, Feb. 8); moderate on leaves of
Mangolia sp. at Okahumpka, Lake County, (Fatic, Feb. 12). Fiorinia theae (tea
scale) taken on leaves of Camellia japonica in nursery at Gainesville, Alachua
County, (Graham, Feb. 10); all stages severe on leaves of holly at nursery in
Ormond Beach, Volusia County, (Pott). Aspidiella sacchari taken near root on
stem of asparagus-fern (Asparagus sprengerii) at Hialeah, Dade County.

(Stegmaier, Jan. 23). This is a new host record for Florida Division of Plant

- 127 -

Industry. (Fla. Coop. Sur.). ALABAMA - Crawlers of Fiorinia theae quite active
on undersides of leaves of Burford holly in Lee, Tallapoosa and Elmore Counties.
(McQueen). SOUTH CAROLINA - Fiorinia theae heavy on Burford holly and camellia;
damage to holly serious enough to cause Teaf fall. Infestations general from
Clemson to Atlantic coast. (Nettles et al.). MARYLAND - Lecanium nigrofasciatum
(terrapin scale) infested branches of red maple at Riverdale, Prince Georges
County. (U. Md., Ent. Dept.). OKLAHOMA - Light numbers of probably Saissetia
oleae (black scale) and moderate numbers of unidentified mealybug found on
Ficus sp. in greenhouse in Stillwater, Payne County. (Okla. Coop. Sur.).
CALIFORNIA — Protopulvinaria pyriformis (pyriform scale) heavy locally on Laurus
nobilis in Pacific Palisades, Los Angeles County. Parlatoria pittospori adults
medium on cedrus nursery stock in La Mesa, San Diego County. (Cal. Coop. Rpt.).

AN ANT (Camponotus sp.) - CALIFORNIA - Medium in and around buckwheat plants in
Doyle, Lassen County. (Cal. Coop. Rpt.).

SPIDER MITES - CALIFORNIA - Eggs and nymphs of Oligonychus sp. medium on camphor
trees. O. platani locally heavy on pryacantha Shrubs and Tetranychus telarius
(two-spotted spider mite) medium locally on rose bushes in Hollister, San Benito
Counttyn9 (Cals i\Coop, Rpt.)

AZALEA LEAF MINER (Gracilaria azaleella) -— CALIFORNIA - Larvae heavy on azalea
nursery stock in San Diego County. (Gail. (Coop. Rpt)!

INSECTS AFFECTING MAN AND ANIMALS

MOSQUITOES - TEXAS - Considerable numbers of mosquitoes appeared in various
sections of populated areas of Jefferson County during January. Culex salinarius
was the most common species and Aedes sollicitans (salt-marsh mosquito) waS
frequently noted. Culex pipiens quinquefasciatus (southern house mosquito) was
moderate on warm days during January and noted in dwellings. (Jefferson Co.
Mosq. Control Comm., Jan. Rpt.; Thompson). OKLAHOMA —- Larvae and adults of
Culiseta inornata active in Payne County. Adults of unspecified species reported
feeding in Pushmataha County on warm days. (Okla. Coop. Sur.).

CATTLE GRUBS (Hypoderma spp.) -— OKLAHOMA - Counts of H. lineatum (common cattle
grub) ranged O-I1 (averaged 2) per head on yearlings and 0-4 (averaged less than
1) on cows in Payne County; averaged 7 per head on cows in Kay County; light on
cows in Pushmataha County. Adults active in Payne and Pushmataha Counties.
(Okla. Coop. Sur.). UTAH - Grub infestations of Hypoderma spp. moderate on
Wasatch County herds this winter (Daniels, Knowlton); moderately numerous on
cattle in Garfield, Sanpete and Duchesne Counties (Lindsay, Purnell, Smith,
Knowlton).

CATTLE LICE -— OKLAHOMA - Several species ranged moderate to heavy on cattle in
Payne, Noble, Marshall and Pushmataha Counties. (Okla. Coop. Sur.). UTAH -
Infestations moderate to severe on untreated beef cattle in Wasatch County.
(Daniels, Knowlton). Very troublesome on number of herds in Garfield County;
moderatley numerous on cattle throughout Sanpete County; heavy on many herds
in Duchesne County. (Lindsay, Purnell, Smith, Knowlton).

SHEEP KED (Melophagus ovinus) -—- UTAH - Moderate on sheep in Wasatch County farm
flocks, and moderate to very numerous in Sanpete and Duchesne County flocks.
(Knowlton).

LONE STAR TICK (Amblyomma americanum) -— OKLAHOMA — Populations light (3 per
head) on cattle in Pushmataha County. (Okla. Coop. Sur.).

- 128 -

HOUSEHOLD AND STRUCTURAL INSECTS

COCKROACHES - UTAH - A problem in some homes and cafes in Heber area, Wasatch
County. Supella supellectilium (brown-banded cockroach) infested additional
home at Logan, Cache County, and apartment in Salt Lake, Salt Lake County.
(Knowlton).

EARWIGS — ALABAMA - Troublesome in homes in Lee, Tallapoosa and Elmore Counties.
(Thompson, Cattle).

BOXELDER BUG (Leptocoris trivittatus) - UTAH - Annoying in several communities
in Sanpete County. (Knowlton).

CLOVER MITE (Bryobia praetiosa) - MARYLAND - Annoying in 2 homes in Hancock area,
Washington County. (U. Md., Ent. Dept., Feb. 12).

A CERAMBYCID BEETLE -— MARYLAND - Adults of undetermined species found in home at
Easton, Talbot County. (U. Md., Ent. Dept., Feb. 10).

CIGARETTE BEETLE (Lasioderma serricorne) - ALABAMA - Continues to be a problem.
(McQueen).

DRUGSTORE BEETLE (Stegobium paniceum) - CALIFORNIA - Adults heavy in residence
in Fairfield, Solano County. (Cal. Coop. Rpt.).

ANTS - MARYLAND - Winged forms of undetermined species swarmed in home basement
at Centreville, Queen Annes County. (U. Md., Ent. Dept., Feb. 11). CALIFORNIA -
Camponotus maccooki medium in and about home in Bangor, Butte County. (Cal.

Coop. Rpt.).

WESTERN SUBTERRANEAN TERMITE (Reticulitermes hesperus) - UTAH - Damaging
floors of two apartments in building at Logan, Cache County. (Knowlton).

A SUBTERRANEAN TERMITE (Reticulitermes sp.) — MARYLAND - Winged forms swarmed
in home basement near Lanham, Prince Georges County. (U. Md., Ent. Dept.).

STORED-PRODUCT INSECTS

A PRYALID MOTH (Aglossa caprealis) - SOUTH CAROLINA - Specimens taken in York
County; species not common in State. Det. by R. C. Fox. (Nettles et al.).

MISCELLANEOUS INSECTS

IMPORTED FIRE ANT (Solenopsis saevissima richteri) -—- Collected for the first
time in Winn and Jackson Parishes, LOUISIANA; only Claiborne Parish remains
free of infestations in State. Found for the first time in Cleburne County,
ALABAMA,and for the first time in Jeff Davis and Wilkinson Counties, GEORGIA.
Found for the first time in Franklin County, FLORIDA. (PPC South. Reg., Jan.
Rpts

STONEFLIES - SOUTH CAROLINA — Allocapnia recta, A. aurora and Leuctra sp.
collected in the Wildcat Creek area of Clemson, Oconoee County, by C. D. Pless
on December 31, 1964. Det. by H. H. Ross. These are new State records.
(McAllister).

LIGHT TRAP COLLECTIONS

(inches)/ trap *

‘ture °F.

- 129 -

°
- |
°
i |
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1
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4 eI fi
Fy ic) =

O=

mercury vapor;

incandescent; MV =

I

blacklight;

BL =

= field corn
= potatoes;
ixed) ;

FC
pot.
ified orm

cotton;
pepper;

j pepp.

truck crops (unspec

peanut

} pean. =
TC

soybean;

cole crops (crucifers); cott.

lettuce

d/or sugar beet; cole
lett.
lants (unspecified); soy.

(unspecified) ;

legumes

solanaceous p

garden beet an
leg.
tomato,

beet
small grains;
sol.
ton.

5

alfalfa;
sweet corn;
tobacco

alf. =
grain =
SC =

tob. =

**

=- 130 -
STATUS OF THE SCREW-WORM (Cochliomyia hominivorax) IN THE SOUTHWEST

No screw-worm cases were reported from the Southwestern Eradication Area, the
State of Arizona nor from the Republic of Mexico during the period February 14-20.
Sterile screw-worm flies continue to be released in the grid patterns in Mexico
and over rivers. Total flies released: 3,466,250 in Texas and 66,452,000 in
Mexico.

Ratio of Positive Cases

Positive Cases Negative Cases to 100 Cases Negative
Year Current Cumulative Current Cumulative Current Cumulative
Table 1. Comparison of specimens reported during corresponding weeks in

1963 and 1964 in Southwestern Eradication Area.

1963 4 134 14 134 28.57 100.00

1964 (0) 10) 26 221 0.00 0.00

1965 (0) 4 33 381 0.00 1.04

Table 2. Comparison of specimens reported during corresponding weeks and

in a corresponding area in 1964 in the United States—Mexico
Barrier Zone.*

1964 16 ILI 16 82 100.00 142.68

1965 0 337 a 220 0.00 153.18

Table 2A. Mexican portion of Barrier Zone only.

1964 16 114 12 4 33.33 335.29
1965 (0) 335 (0) 130 0.00 0.00

* Barrier Zone - Area in which screw-worm eradication operations are being
carried out in an effort to prevent establishment of self-sustaining screw-
worm population in the United States. (Anim. Dis. Erad. Div.).

CORRECTIONS

CEIR 15(7):90 - Last paragraph, line 5 - Chnootribia similis should read Chnootriba
similis; last line - Lygaeus pandurus should read Spilostethus pandurus.

CEIR 15(7):91 - Truck Crop Insects, line 2 - Leptoglossus membranaceous should read
Leptoglossus membranaceus; last line - Eurydema ornatum should read Eurydema ornata.

CEIR 15(7):97 — Iran - Cereal and Forage Insects -—- Lines 11 and 12-— ARMYWORM
(Pseudaletia unipuncta) should read AN ARMYWORM (Pseudaletia sp.). P. unipuncta
is not known to occur in Asia. fe

CEIR 15(7):98 - Citrus Insects —- Line 7, TEXAS CITRUS MITE (Eutetranychus banksi)
should read A SPIDER MITE (Eutetranychus orientalis).

CEIR 15(7):99 - First paragraph, lines 3 and 4 ~ IMPORTED CABBAGEWORM (Pieris
rapae) should read CABBAGE WHITE BUTTERFLY (Pieris rapae). Last paragraph line 5 -—
Psalmochavias rugipennis should read PsalImocharias rugipennis.

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- 134 -

SUMMARY OF INSECT CONDITIONS IN THE UNITED STATES - 1964
(continued from page 120)

CEREAL AND FORAGE INSECTS (continued)

SMALL GRAIN INSECTS
Highlights:

ARMYWORM outbreaks in small grains occurred in several Southern, Prairie, Midwest-
ern and Eastern States during the 1964 season. Damage was heavy in north central,
central and upper coastal areas of Texas. A major outbreak occurred in wheat in
northeastern Arkansas and a severe outbreak in small grains was underway by May 30
in southeastern Missouri. Considerable damage to wheat at heading time occurred
in eastern Kansas, and some damage to small grains was noted in the valley of the
Red River of the North in North Dakota. The heaviest armyworm infestation in
many years was recorded in southwestern and west central counties of Lower Michigan
during June, with some injury reported in southeastern counties, and controls

were applied to approximately 380,696 acres of small grains in Illinois. Heavy
infestations occurred in Massachusetts in early and mid-July. Outbreak numbers
were widely scattered in New Hampshire, and light trap collections of adults in
late summer indicated the possibility of a much heavier outbreak in that State

in 1965. FALL ARMYWORM was also of considerable concern in small grains in several
areas. Infestations were heavier in Arkansas than in 1963, and heavy populations
damaged a variety of crops in Oklahoma, including wheat throughout most of the
State. Fall armyworm was again serious and widespread in Texas as for the past
several years. ARMY CUTWORM caused some light to severe damage to wheat in
scattered areas of North Dakota; controls were used in a few scattered wheat
fields in east central Colorado, but it is questionable if this was economically
desirable because of the prevailing drought conditions. GREENBUG, ENGLISH GRAIN
APHID, CORN LEAF APHID and APPLE GRAIN APHID infested small grains to some degree
during 1964, but very light damage and only a few controls were applied, and

these only locally. The first economic infestation of CHINCH BUG in Indiana
during the past 3 years occurred in the northwest portion of that State, where
nymphal populations completely inhibited development of millet seedlings planted
immediately following wheat harvest. CEREAL LEAF BEETLE infestations were found
in an additional 13 counties in Ohio, 20 counties in Michigan and 7 counties in
Indiana, but surveys were negative in Illinois and Wisconsin, HESSIAN FLY

damaged wheat in Wyoming for the first time in many years. BROWN WHEAT MITE was
heavy and widespread on small grain in panhandle and central areas of Texas, and
damaged wheat during April and May in east central New Mexico; populations built
up rapidly during mid-March in southwest Oklahoma where damage was heavy and
controls were required. Brown wheat mite, in conjunction with drought, caused
some concern on small grains in Kansas, and economic numbers occurred in scattered
wheat fields in southeastern and eastern Colorado, but because of the drought
conditions in the area, very little or no control was applied. WINTER GRAIN MITE
reached damaging proportions on small grains in north central Texas this season,

ARMYWORM (Pseudaletia unipuncta) outbreaks in small grains and other crops
occurred in several Southern,Prairie, Midwestern and Eastern States during the
1964 season. Widespread damage to small grains and native and improved pastures
occurred over a large portion of TEXAS, with heavy damage reported from north
central, central and upper coastal areas. Heavy damage to rice was noted in
Jefferson County. Although armyworm infestations occurred in OKLAHOMA during
1964, it caused little damage in that State. Armyworm infestations in ARKANSAS
were heavier this season than in 1963. A major outbreak occurred in wheat in
the northeast area of the State and required widespread treatments. A minor
outbreak in small grains and pastures in October was an unusual occurrence, as

- 135 -

fall outbreaks of armyworm are rare in Arkansas, Adults were extremely heavy in
the northwest section during October. In MISSOURI, first adults were collected
in the southeast on April 23 and first larvae of the 1964 season were observed

in the area by May 9, ranging 2-24 and averaging 6-12 per square foot in small
grains. Sprays were applied to 227,631 acres in that area, but moderate to heavy
damage occurred in many fields. By May 16, small numbers of armyworm larvae were
found in the central third of the State, and by May 30 a severe outbreak had
occurred throughout the area, Yields of small grains were reduced by two-thirds
in many fields. In the northern third of Missouri, moderate to heavy damage
occurred in some fields. Armyworm caused considerable damage to wheat in the
eastern portion of KANSAS at heading time. Greatest damage was in an area
bounded on the west by U.S. Highway 75, on the north by the Kansas River, and on
the east and south by the States of Missouri and Oklahoma. Damage ranged from a
trace to a few fields having the entire crop consumed. Controls were applied to
large acreages in Kansas during 1964 to prevent damage to wheat.

Large numbers of armyworm larvae appeared in the Fargo area of Cass County, NORTH
DAKOTA, but this localized infestation was effectively controlled; however, some
damage to small grains was observed in scattered areas in the valley of the Red
River of the North. Economic numbers of armyworm were found in lodged barley and
wheat in northwest MINNESOTA during July. The heaviest armyworm infestation of
many years occurred in southwestern and west central counties on the Lower
Peninsula of MICHIGAN during June, with some injury reported from southeastern
counties. Considerable small grain was sprayed with generally favorable results;
however, a few fields were treated unnecessarily because of light infestation
and/or delayed timing. A parasitic tachina fly had a material effect on reducing
populations.

First armyworm moths of the season in ILLINOIS were taken at Urbana, Champaign
County, on April 7, and first larvae were observed in the southern area of the
State on April 27. Larval populations varied 0-25 per linear foot in wheat by
May 28 and treatments were underway throughout the southern two-thirds of the
State, An estimated 380,696 acres of small grain were treated for armyworm
control in Illinois during the 1964 season, Although the wet, cool spring in
INDIANA would seem to have favored the development of large numbers of armyworm,
extensive population patterns did not materialize, although scattered infesta-
tions were evident with only minor local areas showing damage. Second-generation
larvae of armyworm caused varying degrees of damage to oats, wheat and cther crops
in OHIO in late July. Damage was reported in Ashland, Delaware, Fulton, Huron,
Knox, Medina, Putnam, Richland, Seneca and Wayne Counties. Armyworm caused
serious damage to small grains and field corn in Putnam and Wayne Counties, Ohio.

Armyworm infested small grains and other crops in several parts of PENNSYLVANIA,
Infestation was late, appearing in July, with FALL ARMYWORM (Spodoptera frugiperda)
also numerous at the same time in the State. Armyworms, with P. unipuncta
probably the predominant species, infested millet and oats statewide in RHODE
ISLAND during a 10-day period in late July, but infestations were not as heavy

as on field corn, Heavy armyworm moth flights were noted in MASSACHUSETTS during
the period July 14-26. Heavy larval infestations occurred in early and mid-July,
reaching a peak between July 25 and August 1. Serious infestations had ended by
August 15 except in Berkshire and Essex Counties. Insecticides were applied in
those counties in Massachusetts where damage was reported. Armyworm occurred in
outbreak numbers at widely scattered areas in NEW HAMPSHIRE during the 1964
season. Light trap collections during late summer yielded high populations of
moths, forecasting a much heavier outbreak to be expected in New Hampshire in
1965,

FALL ARMYWORM (Spodoptera frugiperda) infestations were moderate to heavy on a
number of crops from southern to northern GEORGIA in 1964. Infestations were
quite heavy and more severe than in recent years. The pest was general over the
the State on millet as well as other crops. In ARKANSAS, fall armyworm infesta-
tions were heavier than in 1963, especially in the western portion of the State.

- 136 -

Fall armyworm was associated with armyworm (Pseudaletia unipuncta) in most
instances where the latter pest was present during the fall. Two known infesta—
tions of fall armyworm occurred on rice during July in Arkansas, which is rare.
Controls for this pest were applied to 2,500 acres of small grains in 1964, which
is 0.7 percent of the total acreage in the State. Fall armyworm caused some
damage to wheat in eastern KANSAS during the fall of 1964, and became active in
grain sorghum in OKLAHOMA in early August. Infestations in Oklahoma increased
until heavy populations were damaging a variety of crops and gardens, including
wheat throughout most of the State. Fall armyworm continued active in Oklahoma
until late November. Fall armyworm was again a serious, widespread pest in

TEXAS as it has been over the past several years. Damage was reported to several
crops, including small grains, from the eastern section of the State. The out-
break in Texas in 1964 was comparable to those that occurred in the State in 1960,
1962 and 1963.

ARMY CUTWORM (Chorizagrotis auxiliaris) was active from mid-January to late March
in OKLAHOMA, but numbers remained low and caused little damage. Development of
army cutworm occurred approximately 20 days later than normal in NEBRASKA, but
some damage to wheat was noted. Peak moth flights occurred during late May and
early June in western Nebraska. Army cutworm caused light to severe damage to
winter wheat in isolated areas of southwestern NORTH DAKOTA in 1964. The pest
was reported from only scattered areas of southeastern WYOMING during the 1964
season. Light damage to small grains occurred in isolated spots, but there were
no reports of damage to alfalfa in Wyoming. Large numbers, however, were reported
from Laramie, Goshen, Platte and Park Counties. Controls for army cutworm were
used on a few scattered fields of wheat in east central COLORADO. Due to drought,
however, it is questionable if control was economically desirable. Some army
cutworm infestations were observed or reported on barley in Colorado during the
1964 season.

Several other CUTWORMS were of some concern in various parts of the Nation in 1964,
RED-BACKED CUTWORM (Euxoa ochrogaster) , BLACK CUTWORM (Agrotis ipsilon) and
unspecified species cut off new stands of oats in ALASKA for the first real out-
break of these pests in that State in 5 years. Controls were applied against
PALE WESTERN CUTWORM (Agrotis orthogonia) in a few scattered fields of wheat in
east central COLORADO, but due to the drought conditions that prevailed this
season, it is questionable if this was economically desirable. Some infestations
of pale western cutworm occurred in barley in Colorado during 1964, Unspecified
cutworms were of little economic importance on wheat, oats and barley in Mesa,
Montrose, Delta and Garfield Counties, Colorado, and few controls were needed on
any grain crops. Unspecified cutworms caused only slight concern this year on
small grain crops in SOUTH DAKOTA,

CORN EARWORM (Heliothis zea) caused moderate damage to millet in GEORGIA by
feeding on the heads. Populations of RICE STALK BORER (Chilo plejadellus) and
SUGARCANE BORER (Diatraea saccharalis) were unusually low on rice in LOUISIANA
during the 1964 season. Heavy numbers of VARIEGATED CUTWORM (Peridroma saucia)
were associated with armyworm in small grains during May in ARKANSAS. Variegated
cutworm populations ranged medium to heavy during May and June in small grains in
most areas of ARIZONA, and DIAMONDBACK MOTH (Plutella maculipennis) infested
barley and oats early in the 1964 season in CALIFORNIA,

GREENBUG (Schizaphis graminum) was present in wheat and oats in most areas of
ILLINOIS during 1964, but populations always averaged less than one per sweep.
Nymphs and winged forms of greenbug were noted on wheat and rye in WISCONSIN by
May 15 in Green County and in oats in Trempealeau County by May 22. Some increase
was noted, but populations were very low in the State throughout the season,

Red leaf was minimal and limited largely to field margins, although small spots

in the middle of fields were noted in Outagamie and Oconto Counties. In
MINNESOTA, greenbug was again present in small grains, but populations remained
Tow and no economic damage occurred. New migrants of greenbug were found in a
field of oats in Clay County, SOUTH DAKOTA, on May 2, where counts averaged 30 per

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linear foot of row. Throughout the 1964 season, this insect never caused any
concern in South Dakota, nor was any damage reported. Greenbug populations were
very low in NEBRASKA, counts ranging 1-3 per 10 sweeps on oats and rye in May.
Greenbug infestations ranged very light to light on small grains in Laramie and
Park Counties, WYOMING. First specimens were noted June 2 and ranged 25-40 per
100 sweeps in Laramie County and 15-30 per 100 sweeps in Park County. Damage was
negligible in Wyoming in all instances during the 1964 season.

Greenbug was present in some fields of wheat in eastern COLORADO during 1964,
with controls considered necessary in a few instances. Trace to moderate numbers
were observed in some fields of malting barley in northeastern Colorado, with
controls applied to some fields. Populations of greenbug remained low in KANSAS
during 1964, with no serious damage reported, and infestations in ARKANSAS were
lower than those of 1963. Greenbug populations were noneconomic to light
throughout OKLAHOMA until early April, at which time populations increased in
most wheat-growing areas and controls were initiated. Greenbug populations were
somewhat heavier in Oklahoma this season than in 1963, First fall activity for
1964 in Oklahoma was noted in mid-November, but freezing weather during late
November and early December kept numbers very low. Widespread, light to moderate
infestations of greenbug occurred on small grains in northwestern and north
central areas of TEXAS, but some locally heavy populations did occur. Greenbug
populations remained light in most fields of small grain in the eastern counties
of NEW MEXICO during 1964, and no treatments were required.

ENGLISH GRAIN APHID (Macrosiphum avenae) infested barley and oats early in the

1964 season in CALIFORNIA, and light to moderate populations reached peaks during
April on small grains in Yuma, Maricopa and Graham Counties, ARIZONA. English
grain aphid occurred on small grains in limited numbers during the 1964 season in
TEXAS, and infestations were mostly normal in ARKANSAS, except that they were
heavier on wheat in the northwest during May when counts were as high as 600 per
100 sweeps. English grain aphid was the most common aphid on small grains

during 1964 in OKLAHOMA, but populations remained light throughout the season.
Activity had ceased by early May and first fall activity was noted in mid-November,
but numbers remained low.

English grain aphid occurred in a few fields of wheat in eastern COLORADO, with
controls considered necessary in a few instances. Trace to moderate numbers
occurred in some fields of malting barley in northeast Colorado, with some controls
being applied. English grain aphid populations remained low in KANSAS with no
serious damage reported, and very low numbers of 1-2 per 10 sweeps were present

in oats and wheat during May in NEBRASKA. The pest was present in wheat and

oats throughout ILLINOIS but apparently caused no economic damage during the

1964 season. Winged forms of English grain aphid appeared in rye by April 17 in
WISCONSIN, and fully developed embryos were noted a week later. Nymphs were
present May 1, but populations were low, and a few were noted in advanced oats by
May 15. Populations of this aphid increased slightly through May and June in
Wisconsin but failed to create a problem as populations averaged only 1-3 per
sweep. English grain aphid was again present in small grains in MINNESOTA, but
populations remained low and no economic damage occurred in the State during 1964,

CORN LEAF APHID (Rhopalosiphum maidis) occurred on small grains in limited

numbers in TEXAS during 1964, and was generally light on small grains in OKLAHOMA,
where fall activity in wheat began in early November. In COLORADO, some infesta-
tions of this aphid were reported or observed on barley during the growing season,
and numbers and/or injury on barley were about normal in UTAH,

APPLE GRAIN APHID (Rhopalosiphum fitchii) infestations were observed on barley
and oats early in the 1964 season in CALIFORNIA, and appeared in some fields of
wheat in western COLORADO where some slight losses occurred. Apple grain aphid
infested barley during 1964 in Colorado, being present in the northeastern part
of the State at levels requiring controls on malting barley. Of the aphids
present on wheat, oats and barley in Mesa, Montrose, Delta and Garfield Counties,
Colorado, during the season,R. fitchii was the dominant species. Populations

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ranged light to moderate in these counties most of the season, with occasional
controls required. Apple grain aphid populations remained low in KANSAS with no
serious damage reported, and populations were low throughout OKLAHOMA during the
winter and spring. Infestations disappeared in that State in early March. Fall
activity of this aphid was first noted in late October but numbers remained low
for the remainder of the year. In TEXAS, limited numbers of apple grain aphid
were noted on small grains during 1964.

Unspecified APHIDS on small grains were observed in MISSOURI and populations were
relatively light and inconsequential in NORTH DAKOTA during the 1964 season.

First adults of SIX-SPOTTED LEAFHOPPER (Macrosteles fascifrons) of the 1964 season
in MICHIGAN were collected during the week ending May 29 in Allegan, Livingston
and Monroe Counties, and high populations were present in oats by the second

week of June in the southwestern portion of the State. Populations were very

low in NEBRASKA, causing no major damage to small grains or legumes. In
CALIFORNIA, infestations of six-spotted leafhopper and of another LEAFHOPPER
(eltocephalus fuscinervosus) occurred on barley and oats early in the 1964
season,

CHINCH BUG (Blissus leucopterus) caused some damage to wheat in southeastern
PENNSYLVANIA in early June, and second-generation nymphs were abundant and
damaged millet in ILLINOIS during August. Chinch bug was also observed on small
grains in MISSOURI during the 1964 season, The first economic infestation of
chinch bug reported in INDIANA during the past 3 years occurred in the northwest
section of the State in 1964. Nymphal populations completely inhibited develop-
ment of millet seedlings planted immediately following wheat harvest. Of the
4,000 acres of millet planted in northwest Indiana in 1964, approximately 3,000
acres were lost.

Extremely heavy populations of FALSE CHINCH BUG (Nysius ericae) were found in
fields of barley southeast of Carlsbad in Eddy County, NEW MEXICO, which
necessitated application of controls. Adult counts often averaged over 100 per
head of grain and one pint per 5 sweeps. Lighter infestations were reported on
grain sorghum in Roosevelt and Luna Counties. FALSE CHINCH BUGS (Nysius spp.)
were reported on a wide variety of cereal crops from most all areas of TEXAS
during the 1964 season.

RICE STINK BUG (Oebalus pugnax pugnax) populations were unusually light throughout
the rice-growing area of LOUISIANA during the season, but controls were required
in a few fields. In ARKANSAS, rice stink bug populations were lower than those

of 1963. The earliest record for 1964 in the State was in small grain on May 2.

A total of 9,200 acres of rice was treated, which represented 2.6 percent of the
rice acreage in Arkansas for 1964,

A PLANT BUG (Irbisia sita) was noted infesting barley and oats early in the
season in CALIFORNIA, and unspecified PLANT BUGS severely damaged portions of
wheat fields in southeastern WASHINGTON in early summer.

CEREAL LEAF BEETLE (OQulema melanopa) was found in 13 additional counties in OHIO
during 1964, making a total of 19 counties in the northwest section of the State
known to be infested. Newly infested counties were Paulding, Van Wert, Putnam,
Auglaize, Logan, Hardin, Hancock, Wood, Ottawa, Sandusky, Seneca, Wyandot and
Huron. Cereal leaf beetle populations have not yet reached economic proportions
in Ohio. On June 29, a quarantine was imposed on all 88 counties in the State,
20 of which are regulated. Surveys revealed 20 counties in MICHIGAN to be
infested for the first time during 1964. In early June, a new quarantine became
effective and included all areas known to be infested in the State in 1963 and
1964, The present quarantined area generally includes southwest Michigan,
extending as far north and east as, and including, Oceana, Newaygo, Mecosta,
Isabella, Clare, Midland, Saginaw, Tuscola, Lapeer, Oakland, Washtenaw and

- 139 -

Distribution of Cereal Leaf Beetle Monroe Counties. A State-Federal
in the United States Suppression program Similar to that con-
as of December 31, 1964 ducted in 1963 was carried out in areas

of heaviest infestation in the State.

An organic phosphate insecticide used in
low dosages without a diluent proved
highly effective against adults and
larvae. Excellent results were obtained
with aerial applications of this material
against spring adults, larvae and summer
adults in Michigan. The range of cereal
leaf beetle continued to be extended in
INDIANA, where infestations were found
for the first time during the 1964
season in Boone, Jay, Tipton, Randolph,
Madison, Newton and Wells Counties.

High populations, however, were confined
to oats in La Porte and St. Joseph
Counties. In this area, peak oviposition
on oats occurred about May 28, with egg
counts as high as 300-350 per 100 stems.
An 80-percent hatch had occurred by

June 5, with maximum populations reach-
ing approximately 100-150 larvae per
square foot. Pupation was considered

70 percent complete by June 12 and

first emergence of summer adults in
Indiana probably occurred about June 10.
Emerging summer adults reached peak
numbers in the State on July 1, with a
subsequent rapid decline. By July 24,
summer adults were nearly 100 percent

in aestivation,

\ 10,
Ano
ar

maege
aaa.
a

dolets

INDIANA

Outlined counties infested. Although repeated surveys for cereal
: leaf beetle were conducted in ILLINOIS
during the 1964 season, the species
was not found in that State, and surveys in 13 southeastern and eastern counties
of WISCONSIN were also negative.

RICE WATER WEEVIL (Lissorhoptrus oryzophilus) populations in rice were at about
the same level as during the past 3 seasons in LOUISIANA. Small numbers of
Lissorhoptrus simplex were found mixed with the populations of rice water weevil
in one area near Crowley, Acadia Parish. In ARKANSAS, larvae of a BILLBUG
(Sphenophorus sp.) in stems of rice on levees caused concern in a few isolated
instances, and unspecified SCARAB larvae were locally damaging to small grains
in south central TEXAS during the 1964 season,

Large numbers of HESSIAN FLY (Mayetiola destructor*) larvae were found infesting
spring wheat in WYOMING near Newcastle, Weston County, with approximately 50-80
percent lodging observed in experimental spring wheat plots. This is the first
report of damage by this pest in Wyoming for many years, but no damage was
reported from other areas of the State. Infestations of Hessian fly remained
very low throughout the season in NEBRASKA with no extensive damage reported,
and the pest continued to be of noneconomic importance in KANSAS. Hessian fly
was noted in small grains in MISSOURI and was of occasional concern on wheat in
VIRGINIA. In INDIANA, Race B field infestations of Hessian fly, capable of
infesting the W38 resistant wheats,Dual, Monon, Reed and Redcoat, continued to
be a threat, although average infestations were lower in 1964 than they were

* Barnes, H. F. 1956, Gall midges of economic importance. Vol. 7. Gall midges
of cereal crops. Pp. 95-141. London.

- 140 -

in 1963. Only 35 percent of the 361 certified fields of wheat sampled in Indiana
during 1964 demonstrated infestation with this fly. This year, for the first
time, 3 of 80 fields of Knox 62 wheat sampled showed slight infestations, which
indicated the presence of Race C or D of Hessian fly. These fields were located
in Porter, Tippecanoe and Warrick Counties.

WHEAT STEM MAGGOT (Meromyza americana) was observed in small grains in MISSOURI
during the 1964 season. A LEAF MINER FLY (Hydrellia griseola) was a pest of

rice in Butte and Glenn Counties, CALIFORNIA. A survey of the rice-growing areas
of California was negative for any species of importance this season. A survey
for WHEAT STEM SAWFLY (Cephus cinctus) in northwestern NORTH DAKOTA showed 14.6
percent of dissected stems of wheat to be infested with larvae of this pest;
counts were made in margins of fields.

A BARLEY THRIPS (Limothrips denticornis) was abundant in rye in most eastern
areas of NORTH DAKOTA, and FIELD CRICKETS (Gryllus spp.) caused some concern on
various cereal crops in the northeastern portion of the State during 1964. A
DESERT TERMITE (Amitermes sp.) was reported infesting oats in Madison County,
TEXAS, in October.

BROWN WHEAT MITE (Petrobia latens) populations were heavy and widespread on small
grains in panhandle and central areas of TEXAS, and damage was evident in fields
of wheat during April and May in Curry and Roosevelt Counties, NEW MEXICO.

Brown wheat mite became active in mid-March and rapidly built up to economic
levels in southwestern counties of OKLAHOMA. Damage was heavy in several areas
and controls were necessary. Populations declined in late April but heavy
numbers were still present in small, local areas until mid-May. Brown wheat
mite, in conjunction with drought conditions, caused some concern to growers of
small grains in western KANSAS during the 1964 season. This mite was present in
economic numbers in scattered fields of wheat in southeastern and eastern areas
of COLORADO this season. Due to the prevailing drought in the State, very little
or no control was applied in affected areas. This mite was noted on barley in
Colorado during 1964. Brown wheat mite was first noted in the southeastern wheat-
growing area of WYOMING on May 6, Numbers increased in the area until June 2

at which time adults and nymphs ranged 20-250 and averaged 70 per linear foot of
row of wheat in fields in Laramie, Goshen and Platte Counties. Overall popula-
tions of this mite were lower in Wyoming than those found in 1963. Brown wheat
mite populations were below economic levels in NEVADA during 1964, and the pest
was a problem on small grains locally in Siskiyou County, CALIFORNIA.

The expected increase in incidence of WHEAT CURL MITE (Acria tulipae) and of

wheat streak mosaic did not materialize in northeastern sections of COLORADO in
1964; however, there was a small loss due to the disease in some fields. Wheat
streak mosaic, a virus disease transmitted by wheat curl mite, was found in

nearly all fields of wheat surveyed in eastern WYOMING in early June. No disease
incidence of economic importance was found except for one badly infected field
south of Pine Bluffs in Laramie County. Mites were found in isolated fields

widely distributed throughout the wheat-growing areas of Wyoming. In KANSAS,

wheat curl mite was present only in low numbers and only a trace of damage occurred
in the harvested crop for 1964,

WINTER GRAIN MITE (Penthaleus major) populations reached damaging proportions on
small grains in north central TEXAS during late winter and early spring, and the
mite was present in OKLAHOMA from late February to late April but numbers remained
light in most areas of that State. Infestations of winter grain mite appeared
early in the season in CALIFORNIA on barley and oats.

AGRICULTURAL RESEARCH SERVICE

PLANT PEST CONTROL DIVISION

SURVEY AND DETECTION OPERATIONS

The Cooperative Economic Insect Report is issued
~ weekly as a service to American Agriculture. Its contents
are compiled from information supplied by cooperating State,
Federal, and industrial entomologists and other agricultural
workers. In releasing this material the Division serves as
a clearing house and does not assume responsibility for ac-
curacy of the material.

All correspondence pertaining to additions, dele-
tions and changes of addresses for the mailing
list for this report should be sent to:

Service Operations Division
‘Office of Plant and Operations
United States Department of Agriculture
Washington, D. C. 20250

Reports and inquiries pertaining to this release
should be mailed to:

Survey and Detection Operations
Plant Pest Control Division
Agricultural Research Service
United States Department of Agriculture
Federal Center Building
Hyattsville, Maryland 20781

Volume 15 March 5, 1965 Number 10

COOPERATIVE ECONOMIC INSECT REPORT

HIGHLIGHTS

PEA APHID heavy in alfalfa in Lea County, New Mexico, with damage evident in
most fields} continues to increase in alfalfa in areas of Arizona where counts
ranged 1,000-10,000 per 100 sweeps. (p. 143).

HALL SCALE found on property in Stilson Canyon near Chico in Butte County,
California. (p. 144).

FACE FLY becomming annoying in homes in Iowa (p..145), and CLUSTER FLY active
in Logan area of Cache County, Utah (p. 147).

DETECTION

A DESERT GRASSHOPPER (Tanaocerus rugosus) reported from California. This is a
first record for the United States. (p. 147). New county records reported
included the following aphids in California: Essigella californica in San Luis
Obispo County, Essigella pini in Orange County, Neophyllaphis podocarpi in
Alameda County, and CRESCENT-MARKED LILY APHID (Neomyzus circumflexus) from San
Mateo County. (p. 145). IMPORTED FIRE ANT (Solenopsis saevissima richteri)
was reported for the first time in Claiborne County, Mississippi. (p. 147).

CORRECTIONS

See page 168.

SPECIAL REPORTS

Results of Chinch Bug Survey, Fall 1964, reported from Illinois, Indiana and
Kansas. (p. 143).

Status of the Screw-worm in the Southwest. (p. 146).

Estimated Losses and Production Costs Attributed to Insects and Related Arthropods
Attacking Wheat, Oats, Corn and Soybeans in Illinois in 1964. (pp. 149-151).

Summary of Insect Conditions in the United States - 1964
Cereal and Forage Insects (continued)
Corn, Sorghum and Sugarcane Insects (p. 152).

There is a high potential for a BLACK CUTWORM outbreak in Wisconsin during 1965.
(p. 159). WESTERN CORN ROOTWORM poses potential problems for 1965 in Minnesota.
(p. 162).

Reports in this issue are for the week ending February 26 unless otherwise
indicated.

- 142 -

WEATHER OF THE WEEK ENDING MARCH 1

The last week of February was mild and mostly sunny in the West but stormy, wet
and cold in the East. Temperatures were extremely variable.

TEMPERATURE: It was the second mild week west of the Rockies with temperatures
mostly 3° to 4° above normal, From the Rockies eastward, it was much colder in
the central Mississippi Valley and continued cool elsewhere. Following a cold
wave at the beginning of the week, subzero minima spread over the Great Plains
to Texas on the 24th. Freezing extended to the lower Rio Grande Valley on the
25th. Much of Arizona had freezing on the 24th. Rising temperatures the second
half of the week reached abnormally high levels with weekend maxima in the 50's
and 60's as far north as South Dakota, the Ohio Valley and Pennsylvania.

PRECIPITATION: Mostly less than 0.25 inch of precipitation fell from the Great
Plains westward, except for moderate amounts along the Pacific coast and in the
extreme northern Rockies. Very widespread precipitation, mostly in the range of
0.5 to 1.5 inches, affected the area extending approximately from Omaha, Nebraska,
to San Antonio, Texas, and eastward to the Atlantic coast. A severe storm moved
through that area beginning Wednesday, February 24. The main low moved from
Mississippi on Wednesday to Pennsylvania on Thursday and to 400 miles north of
Montreal, Canada, on Friday. Lowest central pressures were approximately 970
millibars (28.7 inches mercury). Winds were very strong frequently gusting from
40 to 60 m.p.h., or higher,in the eastern Great Lakes area and from Virginia
northward, Wind gusts, to 81 m.p.h., were reported at Benton Harbor, Michigan,
and 86 m.p.h., at Bar Harbor, Maine. Precipitation fell as snow in central and
northern areas but mostly as rain in the South and East. Heavy drifting snow
occurred from Missouri to Michigan and much larger areas had drifting snow and
hazardous highway conditions. Much of the snow was melted by high temperatures
over the weekend leaving the leinch-snow line near the Ohio River. East of the
Alleghenies there is no snow from southern New England southward. (Summary
Supplied by U.S. Weather Bureau).

DK KE He 2 2 ie 6 2 2g 2 ie 2K ic 2c ic 2k ic 2g 2 2 ke 2K i 2K > 2k 2K 2c 2k kc 2K

WEATHER BUREAU'S 30-DAY OUTLOOK

MARCH 1965

The Weather Bureau's 30-day outlook for March calls for temperatures to average
below seasonal normals over most of the Nation except for near to above normal
in the northeastern quarter. Precipitation is expected to exceed normal over
most of the southern half of the Country, while subnormal totals should be con-
fined to the Great Lakes region. Elsewhere near normal amounts are in prospect.

Weather forecast given here is based on the official 30-day "Resume and Outlook"
published twice a month by the Weather Bureau. You can subscribe through the
Superintendent of Documents, Washington, D.C. 20250. Price $5.00 a year.

- 143 -

CEREAL AND FORAGE INSECTS

Small Grain Pest Survey in Texas - On February 18 and 19, a survey was made of
small grains in the panhandle area in Deaf Smith, Castro, Parmer, Oldham, Potter,
Randall, Armstrong, Swisher, Briscoe, Floyd and Hale Counties. GREENBUG
(Schizaphis graminum) found in all counties; populations ranged from less than

1 to 75 per row foot. Populations most numerous in Hale, Floyd, Briscoe, Parmer,
Castro and Deaf Smith Counties. As heaviest populations were in large wheat,
visable damage has not occurred. LADY BEETLES absent or very scarce. BROWN
WHEAT MITE (Petrobia latens), although present in several fields, was light.
(Daniels).

GREENBUG (Schizaphis graminum) - GEORGIA - Continues light on small grains.
(Johnson). OKLAHOMA - Ranged 2-18 per linear foot in wheat in Tillman County.
(Okla. Coop. Sur.).

APPLE GRAIN APHID (Rhopalosiphum fitchii) - OKLAHOMA - Numbers high in wheat in
Tillman County; ranged 40-500 per linear foot in 7 fields checked. (Okla. Coop.
Sur.).

ENGLISH GRAIN APHID (Macrosiphum avenae) - OKLAHOMA - Averaged 4 per linear foot
in wheat in Tillman County and 8 per linear foot in Kiowa County. (Okla. Coop.
Sur.).

LEAFHOPPERS - NEW MEXICO - Unspecified species abundant in small grains near
Albuquerque, Bernalillo County. Feeding damage evident on foliage. (N.M. Coop.
Rpt.).

Chinch Bug Survey, Fall 1964 - Surveys for chinch bug (Blissus leucopterus) were
conducted in the fall of 1964 in Illinois, Indiana and Kansas. In Illinois,

53 counties in the central part of the State were surveyed. Results were as
follows: Four counties were rated as very severe, 10 were severe, 8 were moderate,
1 was light and 30 counties were rated as noneconomic. In Indiana, 10 counties
were surveyed in the northwest area. Three counties were rated as very severe,

2 were severe, 1 was light and 4 counties were noneconomic. In Kansas, samples
were collected throughout counties in the eastern half of the State. Sixty-six
samples were rated as noneconomic and 2 samples were rated as light; these 2
samples were from counties not adjacent to each other. (PPC, Cent. Reg.).

SOUTHWESTERN CORN BORER -(Zeadiatraea grandiosella) - OKLAHOMA - Checks showed 25
percent of cornstalks infested in a Washita County field. (Okla. Coop. Sur.).

GRANULATE CUTWORM (Feltia subterranea) - ARIZONA - Continues damaging in lawns
andaround ornamentals in Phoenix area, Maricopa County. (Ariz. Coop. Sur.).

AN ACARID MITE (Tyrophagus dimidiatus) - CALIFORNIA - Medium on barley roots and
in soil locally in Ramona, San Diego County. (Cal. Coop. Rpt.).

ALFALFA WEEVIL (Hypera postica) - GEORGIA - Larvae infesting alfalfa in northern
area; 25-35 percent of plants show damage. (Johnson). SOUTH CAROLINA - Damage
noticeable on alfalfa; some treatments started. (Nettles et al., Feb. 23).
ARKANSAS - Larvae collected week of February 15 in Mississippi County; above
normal temperatures for 2-3 weeks may have been important factor in early
occurrence of larvae. (Ark. Ins. Sur.).

A WEEVIL (Hypera brunneipennis) -— ARIZONA - Larvae increasing again after recent
cool weather; counts in Yuma County higher than in Maricopa and Pinal Counties.
(Ariz. Coop. Sur.).

PEA APHID (Acyrthosiphon pisum) - ARIZONA - Increase continues in alfalfa in
Yuma, Maricopa, Pinal and Pima Counties. Ranged 1,000-10,000 per 100 sweeps.
(Ariz. Coop. Sur.). NEW MEXICO - Heavy in several fields of alfalfa in Lea
County; damage evident in most fields. (N.M. Coop. Rpt.).

- 144 -

SPOTTED ALFALFA APHID (Therioaphis maculata) - ARIZONA - Few medium infestations
found in alfalfa in Maricopa and Pinal Counties. (Ariz. Coop. Sur.).

FRUIT INSECTS

HALL SCALE (Nilotaspis halli) - CALIFORNIA - Light population found on single
almond seedling on property in Stilson Canyon near Chico, Butte County. Det.

by R. Wilkey. Host destroyed. (Hawthorne). Three seedling host trees (2
almonds and 1 plum) found in area, but only single almond infested. Small trees
cut and burned; stumps treated with suitable herbicide. (PPC, West. Reg.).

CALIFORNIA RED SCALE (Aonidiella aurantii) - CALIFORNIA - Medium on citrus trees
in Delano, Kern County. alenCoopmeRpitg)!.

FORBES SCALE (Aspidiotus forbesi) - FLORIDA - Larvae and adults taken on stem of
pecan in nursery at Monticello, Jefferson County. (Miller, Feb. 19).

A SOFT SCALE (Coccus mangiferae) - FLORIDA - Moderate on leaves of mango in
nursery at Bradenton, Manatee County. (Bickner, Feb. 18).

CITRUS RED MITE (Panonychus citri) - FLORIDA - Adults severe on leaves of sweet
orange trees at Groveland, Lake County. (Fatic, Feb. 19).

CITRUS RUST MITE (Phyllocoptruta oleivora) - FLORIDA - Adults moderate on leaves
of 90 percent of 500 citrus plants on research property at Orla Vista, Orange
County. (Griffith, Kipp; Feb. 10).

TRUCK CROP INSECTS
GREEN PEACH APHID (Myzus persicae) - ARIZONA - Beginning increase in lettuce and

in sugar beet seed fields in Maricopa County; some controls necessary. (Ariz.
Coop. Sur.).

LEAFHOPPERS (Empoasca spp.) - ARIZONA - Large numbers appearing in some sugar
beet fields in Tempe-Mesa area, Maricopa County. (Ariz. Coop. Sur.).

FLEA BEETLES (Epitrix spp.) - ARIZONA - Light to medium infestations appearing
in some areas of Pinal County; heaviest in Casa Grande area, (Ariz. Coop. Sur.).

TWO-SPOTTED SPIDER MITE (Tetranychus telarius) - FLORIDA - Adults severe on
leaves of 5,000 eggplants in nursery at Plant City, Hillsborough County.
(Custead, Feb. 5).

FOREST, ORNAMENTAL AND SHADE TREE INSECTS
A PSYLLID (Ceropsylla sideroxyli) - FLORIDA - Nymphs moderate on leaves of false
mastic (Sideroxylon sp.) at Hobe Sound, Martin County. (Campbell, Smith; Feb. 17).

A GALL MIDGE (Contarinia pseudotsugae) - CALIFORNIA - Infesting Douglas-fir in
Jarbo Gap, Butte County; making many trees unsaleableas Christmas trees. (Wagner,
USFS).

SPIDER MITES - CALIFORNIA - Panonychus citri (citrus red mite) heavy on English-
laurel nursery stock in San Mateo, San Mateo County. (Cal. Coop. Rpt.), FLORIDA -
Tetranychus telarius (two-spotted spider mite) severe on cape-jasmine at garden
center in Tampa, Hillsborough County. (Hale, Feb. 2). SOUTH CAROLINA - Unspeci-
fied species caused defoliation of several round-leaf hollies in cemetery at
Conway, Horry County. (Nettles et al., Feb. 22).

ERIOPHYID MITES - CALIFORNIA - Aceria tuttlei occurred on Aster spinosus locally
in Heber, Imperial County. Aceria daleae taken from galls on what is probably
Dalea sp. in Winterhaven, Imperial County. (Cal) (Coope) Rpt)

- 145 -

COCCIDS - MARYLAND - Phenacaspis pinifoliae (pine needle scale) infesting ornamen-—
tal pines at Kingsville, Baltimore County. (U. Md., Ent. Dept.). NORTH CAROLINA -
Lecanium spp. infested camellia locally in Martin County (Feb. 17) and fern
locally in Wake County (Feb. 14). (Robertson). FLORIDA - All stages of
Ischnaspis longirostris (black thread scale) severe on stems and leaves of 5
Asparagus sprengeri plants in nursery (Feb. 17) and all stages severe on 90
percent of 300 spindle palms (Mascarena verschaffeltii) in nursery (Feb. 19);
Lepidosaphes maskelli moderate to severe on stem and leaves of 20 Juniperus
conferta in nursery (Feb. 17); Asterolecanium pustulans severe on stem of
Grevellea robusta in nursery (Feb. 15); all in Miami, Dade County. (Herrmann).
Adults of Aspidiotus destructor (coconut scale) severe on leaves of Magnolia sp.
and Mammea americana at West Palm Beach, Palm Beach County. (Long, Feb. 19).
Chrysomphalus aonidum (Florida red scale) severe on Liriope sp. at Ormond Beach,
Volusia County. (Pott, Feb. 12). Lepidosaphes beckii (purple scale) and Coccus
hesperidum (brown soft scale) severe on 100 Ilex cornuta plants and adults of
Fiorinia theae (tea scale) severe on leaves of 50 Burford holly plants in nursery
at Apopka, Orange County. (Musgrove, Feb. 12). OKLAHOMA - Unaspis euonymi
(euonymus scale) moderate and damaging euonymus plants in Mayes County. (Okla.
Coop. Sur.). CALIFORNIA - Adults and nymphs of Aspidiotus perniciosus (San Jose
scale) heavy on flowering plum in Hayward, Alameda County, and on flowering

peach in Guasti, San Bernardino County. Pseudococcus adonidum (long-tailed
mealybug) infested myrtle plants locally in Orange, Orange County. (Cal. Coop.
Rpt.).

LESSER PEACH TREE BORER (Synanthedon pictipes) - FLORIDA - Larvae severe on stems
of 2 cherrylaurels at Pensacola, Escambia County. (Condo, Albritton, Feb. 10).

A CERAMBYCID BEETLE (Callidium sp.) - CALIFORNIA - Larvae and pupae heavy in
redwood in county park at Stowe Ranch, Santa Barbara County. (Cal (Coop Rpits))-

CABBAGE LOOPER (Trichoplusia ni) - CALIFORNIA - Larvae medium and damaging
chrysanthemum flowers in Winterhaven, Imperial County. (Cal. Coop. Rpt.).

APHIDS - NEW MEXICO - Unidentified species heavy on pansies in home plantings in
Las Cruces area, Dona Ana County. (N.M. Coop. Rpt.). CALIFORNIA - Essigella
californica medium on Monterey pine nursery stock in Arroyo Grande, San Luis
Obispo County. E. pini medium on Monterey pine Christmas tree stock in Anaheim,
Orange County. Neophyllaphis podocarpi adults heavy on podocarpus nursery stock
in Oakland, Alameda County. Neomyzus circumflexus (crescent-marked lily aphid)
hymphs and adults heavy on azalea nursery stock in East Palo Alto, San Mateo
County. These are all new county records. Aphis gossypii (melon aphid) nymphs
and adults heavy locally on hydrangea plants in Fresno, Fresno County. (Cal.
Coop. Rpt.).

INSECTS AFFECTING MAN AND ANIMALS

FACE FLY (Musca autumnalis) - IOWA - Becomming annoying in homes. (Iowa Ins.

Inf., Feb. 11).

CATTLE GRUBS (Hypoderma spp.) - UTAH - Light to moderate in Rich County; controls
now being applied to dairy cattle in Cache County. (Rudd, Tueller, Knowlton).
IOWA - Appearing in backs of beef and dairy animals. (Iowa Ins. Inf., Feb. 11).
OKLAHOMA - H. lineatum (common cattle grub) light to moderate on cattle in Bryan,
Marshall, Cotton, and Mayes Counties. (Okla. Coop. Sur.). NORTH CAROLINA -

H. bovis (northern cattle grub) collected from cattle in Alleghany County,
January 25; Watauga County, January 28; and Haywood County, February 17. One
animal in Watauga County had 40 grubs, about the highest number expected in
mountain counties. Det. by W. G. Bruce. (Mount).

- 146 -

STATUS OF THE SCREW-WORM (Cochliomyia hominivorax) IN THE SOUTHWEST

No screw-worm cases have been reported from the Southwestern Eradication Area
since January 29, 1965. Arizona, which is not in the area, has not had a case
since the week ending November 21, 1964. During the period February 21-27, the
Republic of Mexico reported 46 cases: Durango 1, San Luis Potosi 4, Sonora 21,
Nuevo Leon 1, Tamaulipas 12, Chihuahua 2 and Veracruz 5. Total sterile flies
released: 120,000 in Arizona, 2,930,250 in Texas, and 66,771,200 in Mexico.

Ratio of Positive Cases

Positive Cases Negative Cases to 100 Cases Negative
Year Current Cumulative Current Cumulative Current Cumulative
Table 1. Comparison of specimens reported during corresponding weeks in

1963 and 1964 in Southwestern Eradication Area.

1963 (0) 134 23 157 0.00 85.35

1964 0 (0) 19 240 0.00 0.00

1965 0 4 21 402 0.00 99
Table 2, Comparison of specimens reported during corresponding weeks and

in a corresponding area in 1964 in the United States-Mexico
Barrier Zone.*

1964 10 127 6 88 166.66 144.31
1965 36 373 17 237 211.76 157.38

Table 2A. Mexican portion of Barrier Zone only.

1964 10 124 5 39 200.00 317.94
1965 36 371 16 146 225,00 254.10

* Barrier Zone - Area in which screw-worm eradication operations are being
carried out in an effort to prevent establishment of self-sustaining screw-
worm population in the United States, (Anim, Dis. Erad. Div.).

CATTLE LICE - UTAH - Generally moderate on beef cattle in Rich County and causing
more irritation to cattle in Cache County. (Rudd, Tueller, Knowlton). IOWA -
Winter control on beef cattle apparently approaching alltime high. (Iowa. Ins.
Inf., Feb. 11). OKLAHOMA - Several species heavy on cattle in Bryan, Cotton and
Choctaw Counties; moderate in Adair County and light in Mayes County. (Okla. Coop.
Sur.). NORTH CAROLINA - Several species much more common on cattle examined in
central mountain counties than in 5 northeastern counties. (Mount, Feb. 15-26).
GEORGIA - Linognathus vituli (long-nosed cattle louse) and Solenopotes capillatus
averaged 2.9 per square inch on cattle in Spalding County February Il. Averaged
1.1 per square inch, January 26, and 1.2 per square inch, February 9, in Putnam
County. (Roberts).

TROPICAL RAT MITE (Ornithonyssus bacoti) - CALIFORNIA - Biting humans in residence
in Anaheim, Orange County. (Cal. Coop. Rpt.).

ITCH MITE (Sarcoptes scabiei) - IOWA - Symptoms present in untreated hog herds.
(Iowa Ins. Inf., Feb. 11).

HOUSEHOLD AND STRUCTURAL INSECTS

CASEMAKING CLOTHES MOTH (Tinea pellionella) - ALABAMA - Large infestation of this
species and Anthrenus scrophulariae (carpet beetle) destroyed carpeting in Lee
County home. McQueen).

- 147 -

WEBBING CLOTHES MOTH (Tineola bisselliella) - ALABAMA - Continuous, light infesta-
tion observed in home in Lee County. (McQueen).

INDIAN-MEAL MOTH (Plodia interpunctella) - MARYLAND - Observed inside home at
Sparks, Baltimore County. (U. Md., Ent. Dept.).

OLD-HOUSE BORER (Hylotrupes bajulus) - NORTH CAROLINA - Damaged pine 2 x 4's in
new house in Hyde County. Det. by H. B. Moore. (Westerbeek).

WHITE-MARKED SPIDER BEETLE (Ptinus fur) - NORTH CAROLINA - Large numbers found in
mortar of home chimney in Wilson County. (Wray, Feb. 16).

BOXELDER BUG (Leptocoris trivittatus) - MARYLAND - Annoying in home at Ellicott
City, Howard County. (U. Md., Ent. Dept.). ALABAMA - Numerous and annoying in
several homes and a church in Cherokee County. (Patterson, Ledbetter).

A LEAFHOPPER (Keonolla confluens) - CALIFORNIA - Adults heavy in house and yard
east of Tracy, San Joaquin County, and house in Moraga, Contra Costa County.
(Cal. Coop. Rpt.).

ORIENTAL COCKROACH (Blatta orientalis) - MARYLAND - Infesting basement and first
floor of home in Baltimore. (U. Md., Ent. Dept.).

CLUSTER FLY (Pollenia rudis) - UTAH - Active in and around homes at Logan, Cache
County. (Knowlton). :

LARGER YELLOW ANT (Acanthomyops interjectus) - NORTH CAROLINA - Of concern in
homes in Halifax County February 8, and Wake County February 15 and 22. (Wray).
IOWA —- Swarming in basements since late December. (Iowa Ins. Inf.).

ANTS - OKLAHOMA - Unspecified ants light in home in Cleveland County. (Okla.
Coop. Sur.). NORTH CAROLINA - Prenolepis imparis winged adults numerous in
motel in Randolph County. (Wray, Feb. 11).

CLOVER MITE (Bryobia praetiosa) - MARYLAND - Annoying in home at Ellicott City,
Howard County. (U. Md., Ent. Dept., Feb. 18).

BENEFICIAL INSECTS

CONVERGENT LADY BEETLE (Hippodamia convergens) - OKLAHOMA - Adults light in wheat
in Kiowa and Tillman Counties. (Okla. Coop. Sur.).

STORED-PRODUCT INSECTS

CIGARETTE BEETLE (Lasioderma serricorne) - FLORIDA - Severe on bag of trout
feed at feed store in Wauchula, Hardee County. (Thomas, Feb. 15).

MISCELLANEOUS INSECTS

A DESERT GRASSHOPPER (Tanaocerus rugosus) - CALIFORNIA - Collected from desert
vegetation 3 miles northeast of Winterhaven, Imperial County, January 23, 1965,
by J. L. Ballard and E., Wright. Det. by G. Buxton and verified by H. Grant.
This is a new United States record. (Cal. Coop. Rpt.). Species known in Baja
California, Mexico. [It is not believed to be of economic importance. (ARS).

IMPORTED FIRE ANT (Solenopsis saevissima richteri) - ALABAMA - Unusually heavy
mound building observed in Henry County. All mounds examined had many winged
forms. In several mounds, built in and around decaying pine stumps, imported

fire ants and Reticulitermes flavipes (eastern subterranean termite) are apparently
living together in great numbers. Kimbrough et al.). MISSISSIPPI - Collected

for the first time in Claiborne County. (PPC South. Reg., Jan. Rpt.).

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- 152 -

SUMMARY OF INSECT CONDITIONS IN THE UNITED STATES - 1964
(continued from page 140)

CEREAL AND FORAGE INSECTS (continued)

CORN, SORGHUM AND SUGARCANE INSECTS
Highlights:

EUROPEAN CORN BORER was generally less abundant in the Midwest than during the
1963 season. Considerable increases were noted in portions of Kansas and
Missouri, but decreases occurred in areas of Nebraska, South Dakota, North Dakota
and Minnesota. Adverse weather conditions during egg laying and early develop-
ment of first-generation borers affected populations in some States. (Status of
the European corn borer in 1964 appeared in CEIR 15(2):22-28). ARMYWORM larval
infestations were the heaviest in many years in Michigan and the pest caused
severe damage to corn in Wisconsin. Outbreaks and problems of this noctuid were
reported from several Eastern and Midwestern States, as were outbreaks of FALL
ARMYWORM in Southern, Eastern and some Midwestern areas. Damage by this latter
pest was reported from Texas to Illinois and Wisconsin and from several areas
along the Atlantic coast. SOUTHWESTERN CORN BORER was reported from 4 new
counties in Illinois, 11 new counties in Alabama and one new county in Missouri
during the 1964 season. The number of girdled stalks in Missouri was down
slightly from 1963, but infestations were heavier in Arkansas than they were the
previous year. CORN ROOTWORMS continued to be a problem in several areas, with
WESTERN CORN ROOTWORM the primary concern on corn in Kansas during 1964, and the
dominant species in Nebraska. Western corn rootworm extended its range in South
Dakota and caused considerable crop damage there, and infestations were found
over a wide area in southern Minnesota, where problems are predicted for the 1965
season. This pest was found for the first time south of the Missouri River in
the State of Missouri during the 1964 season. NORTHERN CORN ROOTWORM fed on
corn silks and pollen in Wisconsin, Illinois and Missouri, and caused severe
silk damage and prevented ear development in many late-planted fields in Indiana,
as well as causing significant losses in southern Michigan. RICE WEEVIL was as
heavy in corn at harvest time in Louisiana as at any time in several years.

CORN LEAF APHID affected corn production in Colorado, as did several other corn
insects, and infestations were heavy on this crop in several Midwestern and
Eastern States and infested corn and sorghum in some Southern States. CHINCH
BUG was more abundant in Illinois than for the past few years and damaged corn
and sorghum over much of Texas. SORGHUM MIDGE was generally less severe in Texas
during 1964 than in 1963., and was found in Kansas for the first positive record
in that State for many years. TWO-SPOTTED SPIDER MITE affected corn production
in Colorado, and SPIDER MITES caused some damage to corn in a few Western and
Southwestern States. GARDEN SYMPHYLAN was very destructive to corn in south-
western Washington.

EUROPEAN CORN BORER (Ostrinia nubilalis) caused slightly more damage to corn in
MISSOURI during 1964 than was recorded in 1963. The 1964 fall abundance survey
showed an average of approximately 56 percent of stalks infested with an average
of 157 borers per 100 stalks. This was an increase of 11.6 percent of stalks
infested and an increase of 81.6 borers per 100 stalks over that of 1963.
Although the European corn borer population increased in most districts in
Missouri in 1964, the greatest increase was in the southeast district where the
average number of borers per 100 plants was 745 compared with 223 in 1963.
European corn borer populations built up in eastern KANSAS, but apparently hot,
dry weather during July prevented a large population increase in the western
portion of the State in 1964. Infestations and damage were considerably less

- 153 =

in NEBRASKA than they were in 1963, as dry weather in July and August held down
second-brood infestations. Peak moth flights in Nebraska occurred approximately
June 20 and August 10. Winter mortality of European corn borer averaged 31 per-
cent in the main corn-growing area of SOUTH DAKOTA. By June 20, egg laying was
well underway and egg counts were generally low with an average of 16 masses per
100 plants. Damage to corn was very spotty throughout the State, with practically
no damage evident in some areas. The principal parasites of European corn borer
present in South Dakota during the 1964 season were Sympiesis viridula (a
eulophid) , Horogenes punctorius (an ichneumon) and Macrocentrus gifuensis (a
braconid). The fall European corn borer survey in the southeastern corner of
NORTH DAKOTA showed 61 percent of plants infested with an average of 1.61 borers
per infested plant or 125.45 borers per 100 corn plants. This compares with an
average of 391.49 borers per 100 plants in 1963.

Overwintering mortality of European corn borer averaged 16 percent in MINNESOTA.
The overwintering population for 1963-1964 was the highest in many years and a
damaging population was anticipated in Minnesota for the 1964 season if normal
conditions prevailed. Weather conditions, however, were adverse and by late May
and June, first-generation larval development was ahead of corn. Adverse weather,
slowing corn growth, continued until nearly all egg laying was completed. An
occasional field of corn that had tall or more advanced growth did have a
relatively high European corn borer population, but such fields were rare,
Adverse weather continued into July and August, preventing recovery by the second
generation, and moth flights were extended well into September. In early October,
second-stage larvae could be found in some fields. The fall abundance survey
conducted in October in 67 counties showed European corn borer populations had
decreased in all survey districts. The number of overwintering borers is the
lowest in Minnesota that it has been in the past 5 years, and populations in

1965 should be moderate. European corn borer does have great recovery potential,
however, and adequate numbers are present in the southwest and west central
districts of Minnesota to present a possible threat during the 1965 season.
Winter survival of European corn borer was high in WISCONSIN. Pupation began by
May 5, a week earlier than in 1963, and first adults were taken in blacklight
traps May 25. Eggs were first noted in Wisconsin by June 12, first-stage larvae
were present June 19, and second-generation eggs hatched by August 21. The fall
survey indicated the lowest larval population in Wisconsin since the survey
began,

Adverse weather conditions in ILLINOIS during egg laying and early development

of first-generation borers reduced the threat of damage by European corn borer
during 1964. The first generation was approximately one-half as large as that
present in 1963, and 65 percent of the larvae were infected with disease organisms.
Second-generation larvae showed only 13 percent infection, which was the lowest
on record for field-collected borers in Illinois. This low incidence of disease,
combined with fairly good weather conditions, enabled the low first generation to
produce a second generation that was almost as large as that present in 1963.
There was also a third generation in the southern tip of the State. In the
Pulaski-Alexander County area, borers averaged 329 per 100 plants, which was the
highest count in Illinois in 1964. This was the first year that _a county in the
southern portion of the State had a larger population than any of the northern
counties. An estimated 28,247 acres were treated to control European corn borer
during 1964 in Illinois. European corn borer populations were considerably
higher in INDIANA in 1964 than in the previous 2 years. In 1964, the State
average was 59.6 borers per 100 plants compared with 35.7 in 1963 and 28.9 in
1962. As in previous years, the highest percentage of infested plants and the
greatest number of borers per 100 plants were demonstrated in the north-northwest
and north-north central areas; however, infestations were also high in the south-
southwest and south-south central areas, In the southwest and south central
areas, populations were lower than in 1963 or 1962. In all other @reas of
Indiana, population estimates were higher than in the previous 2 years. Loss in
yield in 1964 approximated 1.5 percent as compared with 1.1 percent in 1963.

- 154 -

In MIGHIGAN, peak flight of first-brood moths of European corn borer occurred
during the second week in June. Considerable injury to ears of sweet corn
resulted from first and second-brood larvae in poorly sprayed fields in Lower
Michigan. Injury to field corn continued in the usual relatively light pattern
as a result of the widespread use of borer-tolerant hybrids in Michigan. The
European corn borer fall survey in OHIO, conducted in 32 western counties and in
Wayne County, indicated that the population in the State was up slightly from
the previous 2 years. Populations averaged 26.3, 20.1 and 28.0 borers per 100
plants for the years 1962, 1963 and 1964, respectively. Counts made during the
1964 survey varied from virtually no borers in the southern counties to over
300 borers per 100 stalks in some fields in Defiance and Fulton Counties. In
general, the 1964 European corn borer population in Ohio was too low to be of
economic concern.

4aropean corn borer populations were moderate in MAINE during the 1964 season,
with moderate damage to sweet corn reported in York and Cumberland Counties.
European corn borer continued present in relatively small numbers throughout

NEW HAMPSHIRE during 1964, and there was an approximate 4-percent overall decrease
in infestation in VERMONT from that of the previous year. European corn borer
required controls on sweet corn in MASSACHUSETTS during the growing season there,
but numbers were otherwise very low in most areas of that State. This pest of
corn was relatively inconspicuous in RHODE ISLAND,

Both broods of European corn borer were prevalent in sweet corn in central NEW
YORK during the 1964 season, but were relatively light in sweet corn in the _
Hudson Valley, infesting less than 5 percent of ears in most untreated plantings.
The species was extremely varied in abundance from field to field, however,
infesting over 50 percent of ears in one field at Poughkeepsie in early September.
Bird predation on infested stalks was already high in New York by September 23.

The European corn borer spring population of 45 per 100 plants in DELAWARE was
somewhat higher than that present in the State in 1963. Pupation was first noted
April 9, and by April 27 approximately 50 percent of overwintered borers had
completed pupation. The first adult of the season in Delaware was collected in

a blacklight trap on May 8 and egg masses were observed on weeds May 14. The
average population of 98 borers per 100 corn plants in the fall of 1964 was a

1.3 increase over that for the fall of 1963. The increase in Delaware was
greatest (2.5) in Sussex County, where borers averaged 177 per 100 plants and
were generally higher during the 1964 season as compared with 1963 in other crops,
such as sweet corn, potatoes and peppers. European corn borer infestations
followed usual patterns in MARYLAND during 1964, with corn planted before May 10
being moderately to heavily infested in many areas of the State. Populations in
corn throughout the season were slightly below normal in all sections of the
State. European corn borer infestations in corn were medium in VIRGINIA during
the 1964 season and light trap catches of moths were the lowest on record on the
Eastern Shore of the State.

European corn borer was light to moderate in corn in several counties of GEORGIA
during 1964, but infestations are becoming more general over the State, European
corn borer was reported from Franklin County, Georgia, for the first time during
1964, European corn borer caused about the same amount of damage in ALABAMA
during 1964 as during 1963, and was reported for the first time from Talladega
County. In LOUISIANA, European corn borer infestations were negligibly light
and observed only on late corn in Bossier, Caddo, East Carroll and West Carroll
Parishes during the 1964 season. European corn borer infestations in ARKANSAS
were generally heavier than in 1963. Percent stalk infestation was 34.6 in 1964
compared with 26.7 in 1963 and the average number of borers per 100 plants was
34.5 compared with 14.1 respectively for the same years. The number of borers
per acre in Arkansas was 2,404 in 1964 and 1,070 in 1963. Low infestations in
late corn in the northwest area probably indicate the absence of a third genera-
tion in this. portion of the State. Detection surveys for European corn borer
conducted throughout NEW MEXICO during the 1964 season were negative.

> lbs) =

GARDEN WEBWORM (Loxostege similalis) caused light to heavy damage to corn over
MISSOURI during the 1964 season, with damage being heaviest in the southwest and
west central areas of the State,

ARMYWORM (Pseudaletia unipuncta) infestations ranged light to heavy in MAINE with
damage, primarily to corn, being reported from Farmington and vicinity in Franklin
County. In one area near New Sharon, sizeable flocks of birds were reported
feeding on the larvae. Outbreak numbers occurred at widely scattered areas in

NEW HAMPSHIRE, and light trap collections of moths during the late summer indicated
a much heavier outbreak of armyworm might be expected in 1965. A destructive
buildup of armyworm occurred in VERMONT during the 1964 season. Although not all
fields in any area were infested, damage in some infested corn amounted to 100
percent, Activity subsided by August 5. The last similar outbreak of this pest
in Vermont occurred in 1954. Armyworm infestations on sweet corn in MASSACHUSETTS
required controls, and very heavy infestations of armyworms, with P. unipuncta
probably predominating, occurred in field corn statewide in RHODE ISLAND during

a 10-day period in late July. In most occurrences observed in Rhode Island,
grassy weeds between corn rows were involved. Sweet corn usually escaped damage
where weed control was more complete, even when close to infested forage corn.

In CONNECTICUT, armyworm numbers built up on weeds and moved to corn and other
crops after weeds were consumed. Damage was extensive for 2 or 3 days until the
full extent of the infestations was apparent. Emergency controls were applied

and halted damage. In some instances, fire department high pressure hoses were
used to treat inaccessible portions of fields because of the lack of aircraft.
Barrier strips, harrowed and sprayed around fields, were also successful in
Connecticut. Damage to total crop by armyworm was approximately 10 percent,
although some fields were severely damaged. Corn appeared to make good recovery
after infestations subsided. The armyworm outbreak in Connecticut during 1964

was about one month earlier than infestations usually appear in the State.

Armyworm was not a problem on sweet corn in the Hudson Valley of NEW YORK during
the 1964 season. A few larvae were noted in whorls and silks of sweet corn in
July, but by August fall armyworm (Spodoptera frugiperda) predominated among the
specimens found. Armyworm caused considerable damage to young corn in the
eastern half of PENNSYLVANIA, and infested other crops in several parts of that
State. Infestation was late in Pennsylvania, appearing in July. Fall armyworm
was also numerous at the same time. Armyworm was reported occasionally on corn
in VIRGINIA during the -1964 season.

Second-generation larvae of armyworm caused varying degrees of damage to corn

and other crops in OHIO during late July, with damage being reported from Ashland,
Delaware, Fulton, Huron, Knox, Medina, Putnam, Richland, Seneca and Wayne Counties.
Serious damage by armyworm to field corn and small grains was reported from

Putnam and Wayne Counties. The heaviest armyworm infestation of many years
occurred in southwestern and west central counties of the Lower Peninsula of
MICHIGAN during June, with some injury also reported from southeastern counties,
Considerable corn acreage was sprayed with generally favorable results, but a

few fields were treated unnecessarily under conditions of light infestation and/or
delayed timing. An unspecified parasitic tachina fly aided materially in reducing
armyworm populations in Mighigan during the 1964 season.

First armyworm moths of the season in ILLINOIS were taken April 7 at Urbana,
Champaign County, and first larvae were observed in the southern area of the
State April 27. By July 6-9, very young larvae were found in grassy fields of
corn in the northern part of the State and by July 15 many fields were being
treated. An estimated 85,882 acres of corn were treated in Illinois for control
of armyworms during the 1964 season. Armyworm severely damaged corn in a portion
of Walworth County, WISCONSIN, and caused some damage to corn in the northeastern
portion of the State. Moths appeared on April 15 and larvae were noted in corn
by June 12. A very heavy moth flight began in mid-June and continued through
mid-July, forecasting possible armyworm outbreaks, Although very high, localized
populations were present in western Walworth County, natural enemies of armyworm

- 156 -

made chemical treatment impractical in most instances except on sweet corn.

By August 7, larval populations decreased in southern areas of Wisconsin and
were of little consequence thereafter, but moths were taken in blacklight traps
until mid-November.

Armyworm larvae were observed feeding on corn in MISSOURI and were present but
caused little damage to the crop in OKLAHOMA. In CALIFORNIA, armyworm infesta-
tions were noted on sorghum, corn and milo locally during the 1964 season.

FALL ARMYWORM (Spodoptera frugiperda) affected corn production in COLORADO during
the 1964 season. Corn in the southeast portion of the State was infested and
some controls were used, but overall losses from corn insects were approximately
10 percent. Fall armyworm infested corn in western Colorado and contributed to
losses to the crop that ranged from 5 to 10 percent, although some controls were
applied in the area. Fall armyworm and corn earworm (Heliothis zea) populations
were high on corn in Mesa, Montrose, Delta and Garfield Counties, Colorado, with
2-4 larvae per ear being found in many fields checked. Controls were of limited
value after larvae entered the ear and only few treatments were made. Loss in
these four counties of Colorado from these 2 species ranged 4-6 percent. Fall
armyworm counts were high on corn and sorghum in NEBRASKA, with larval infesta-
tions of 1-40 per 10 ears damaging corn in some fields in southern and eastern
areas of the State. Fall armyworm was very abundant on corn and sorghum in
KANSAS, being more numerous than usual on these crops, and was noted feeding on
corn in MISSOURI during the 1964 season,

Fall armyworm first became active on grain sorghum in OKLAHOMA early in August
and increased until heavy populations were damaging this host as well as other
crops and gardens throughout most of the State. Activity continued in Oklahoma
until late November. Fall armyworm was again widespread and as serious in

TEXAS during the 1964 season as it has been over the past several years. Grain
sorghum and other crops were damaged in the eastern portion of the State. The
outbreak that occurred in Texas during 1964 was comparable to those that occurred
in the State in 1960, 1962 and 1963, Fall armyworm developed heavy infestations
on late-planted corn during and after August throughout southern and central
LOUISIANA, and damaged sweet corn over ALABAMA. Fall armyworm was heavy from
southern to northern GEORGIA. Infestations were quite heavy and more severe
than in recent years, being general over the State on grain sorghum, corn and
other crops.

Fall armyworm larvae severely damaged fields of late corn in WISCONSIN during
late August in parts of Columbia, Dodge, Fond du Lac and Sheboygan Counties.
Pupation was underway by August 28. Populations were heavy in many fields of
corn in ILLINOIS in late July and early August, with ragging of leaves being
very noticeable. Controls for fall armyworm were applied to 46,593 acres of
corn in Illinois during the 1964 season. In INDIANA, fall armyworm populations
remained at insignificant levels throughout the State for the third consecutive
year.

A fall armyworm outbreak occurred throughout CONNECTICUT during 1964 and
affected approximately 15,000 acres of corn, with some small grains and grasses
also involved. This outbreak was probably favored by the dry season in Connecticut
this year. Controls were applied to most fields, but were not effective because
of the lack of moisture. Fall armyworm occurred on sweet corn in most of NEW
YORK, being a problem on Long Island, The application of controls on a 3-day
schedule was inadequate. The pest was more abundant than usual in the Hudson
Valley, appearing in whorls of corn in July and August and in ears in September.
Ear infestations by fall armyworm in untreated corn rose to 15-30 percent after
mid-September and was, as usual, not distinguished from corn earworm (Heliothis
zea) infestations by growers in New York. Light infestations of fall armyworm
occurred on corn in DELAWARE during July and greatly increased later in the
season on this crop and on cover crops. Fall armyworm was again prevalent in
late planted corn in all sections of MARYLAND, with several fields showing

- 157 -

infestations of 25-60 percent. In VIRGINIA, light to heavy numbers of fall
armyworm occurred on corn in several counties through August.

CORN EARWORM (Heliothis zea) was present in light numbers and caused light injury
to sweet corn during mid-August in the Auburn area of Androcscoggin County,
MAINE. Heavy infestations of corn earworm occurred in eastern MASSACHUSETTS

Tate in the 1964 season and control was difficult in many instances. Corn
earworm was common in forage corn during early August in a field at Kingston,
Washington County, RHODE ISLAND, and was heavily parasitized by Apanteles sp.

(a braconid) or a related parasite,

A heavy flight of corn earworm moths appeared in central NEW YORK the last week-
end of August, and by mid-September canning corn with no protection was 50 per-
cent infested with larvae. Corn earworm was the leading pest of sweet corn in
the Hudson Valley during the 1964 season, This pest was detected in about one
percent of tassels on early corn varieties in the area in June and light moth
activity and hatching occurred as expected in July. A control program was
started with 2 sprays at a 5-day interval on silks appearing in July. A full
program on silks at a 4-day interval was advised by mid-July, and by mid- August,
a 3-day interval was adopted. Corn earworm in treated ears at harvest rose to
15-25 percent in August. A heavy moth flight began in late August and a 48-hour
interval was suggested for dusting and, in the case of hot weather, for sprays
as well; however, most growers were discouraged by drought and weak markets and
remained on the 3-day schedule. Peak moth flight occurred the night of August
31-September 1, Moth activity in New York at the end of August was reflected

in marked increases in infestations in ears picked after September 7, when
infestation ranged 60-70 percent. On dusted corn on one large farm, the 2-day
interval for dusts held infestation to a small percentage until mid-September,
but spraying at the 3-day interval allowed infestations of 10-20 percent; however
on this late corn, killing frost on September 6 reduced concern about end-of-year
infestation. On the whole, corn earworm was less severe in New York during 1964
than it was in 1955.

>

Corn earworm infestations appeared late in PENNSYLVANIA in 1964, with early and
midseason corn escaping damage. Late season corn, however, was heavily damaged.
First corn earworm adults of the season in DELAWARE were collected in a black-
light trap on May 30 and by the week of June 20, larvae were general throughout
the State in sweet corn, Peak adult flight occurred during the last week of
August and the first week of September, at which time counts averaged over 60
per night in one trap. Following this peak flight, considerable larval damage
occurred to late plantings of sweet corn in Delaware as well as several types of
beans. Corn earworm populations in late corn in MARYLAND were above normal
during the 1964 season. During late August and September, ear infestations

of 25-100 percent were common in all sections of the State. In VIRGINIA, corn
earworm infestations were medium in corn during 1964,

Corn earworm infestations were light throughout OHIO during 1964. In INDIANA,
however, populations approached normal levels this season after the extremely

low infestations that were present in that State in 1963, A fall survey revealed
that on a statewide basis, 9.4 percent of the corn plants in Indiana were
infested in 1964 compared with 2.0 percent in 1963 and 17.6 percent in 1962,
Highest corn earworm infestations in 1964 occurred in the southern part of the
State, particularly in the southwest and south-southwest areas where infestations
in corn were 17.6 and 14.8 percent, respectively. General flights of corn
earworm moths into MICHIGAN were delayed until the first week of September, with
heavy flights occurring during the warm evenings of September 7, 8 and 9, as
indicated by blacklight trap catches. Many eggs were deposited before cool
weather slowed moth activity during the second week in September, Late-stage
larvae were common in very late plantings of sweet corn and field corn in
Michigan the last week of September and early October, with only light injury

to these crops in southern counties of the State. Corn earworm moth flights

were heavy in ILLINOIS during July and August, and some late field corn and most
sweet corn in the State was heavily infested unless well treated.

- 158 -

In WISCONSIN, corn earworm moths were taken in light traps July 3, larvae were
observed by July 24 and pupation was underway by August 21. Eggs were found by
August 28, with treatments underway shortly after.

A local infestation of corn earworm occurred in popcorn in the Fargo area of Cass
County, NORTH DAKOTA, and larval damage to corn in NEBRASKA was less than one
percent in nearly all fields. Corn earworm infested almost 100 percent of early
planted sweetcorn in the Wichita area of Sedgwick County, KANSAS; 15-20 eggs
could be counted on many silks in June. Early planted sweet corn in northeastern
Kansas was almost entirely free of damage, but late planted sweet corn was almost
100 percent infested. In MISSOURI, corn earworm populations were generally light
on corn during the 1964 season.

Corn earworm damage to whorls and ears of corn was general over GEORGIA during
1964 and heavier than in recent years. It was not uncommon to find 75 percent

of whorls or ears damaged by this pest and in many fields infestation was 100
percent. Corn earworm also caused moderate damage to heads of sorghum in Georgia
this season, Corn earworm damage in ALABAMA was about the same as in 1963, with
sweet corn heavily damaged in southern, central and northern areas of the State
in 1964. Corn earworm caused the usual amount of damage to sweet corn throughout
LOUISIANA during the 1964 season, with heaviest populations prevalent in the
southern half of the State. In TEXAS, corn earworm damaged field and sweet corn
throughout the State. Activity of corn earworm in OKLAHOMA was first noted in
alfalfa in early May and by early June was common in this crop in the southern
half of the State, Infestations continued to increase until heavy populations
were damaging grain sorghum, corn and other crops during early July. Infestations
remained moderate to heavy through September and the pest continued active in
Oklahoma until late October.

Corn earworm affected corn production in COLORADO during the 1964 season, causing
losses in the northeastern part of the State. Controls were applied in the south-
eastern area where losses from several pests were approximately 10 percent. Corn
earworm infested corn in western Colorado this season, where some controls were
applied, and was responsible for a portion of the 5-10 percent loss to the corn
crop in that portion of the State. Corn earworm populations were high on corn

in Mesa, Montrose, Delta and Garfield Counties, Colorado, with 2-4 larvae per ear
in many fields checked. Controls were of limited value after larvae entered ears
and few control measures were used. Loss to corn ranged 4-6 percent from a
complex of corn earworm and fall armyworm (Spodoptera exigua) in these 4 counties
of Colorado. Corn earworm infested a majority of corn ears checked in NEW MEXICO
for possible infestation by European corn borer (Ostrinia nubilalis). Corn
earworm caused heavy damage to corn in all areas of ARIZONA during the 1964
season, and populations were high on corn grown for canning in UTAH. Egg surveys
forecasted the impending outbreak of 60 to 100-percent infestations on canning
corn in Utah, Corn earworm infested corn throughout CALIFORNIA during 1964, with
local infestations observed on this crop, sorghum and millet throughout the
season, First corn earworm adults of the season in WASHINGTON were trapped

June 4 in Grant County and June 12 in the Yakima Valley. Larvae became unusually
abundant by mid-August, numbers being heavier than during the previous 3 years.

STALK BORER (Papaipema nebris) caused noticeable damage to corn in margins of
fields in NEBRASKA, and severely damaged a field of castor—beans during the 1964
season, Stalk borer was especially prevalent in eastern SOUTH DAKOTA where
larvae destroyed entire marginal rows of corn, and the pest was Tight on corn
near Lidgerwood in Richland County, NORTH DAKOTA. Larvae of stalk borer were
light on seed corn at various locations in VIRGINIA through August. In MAINE,

a borer tentatively determined as stalk borer, occurred in moderate numbers and
caused moderate damage to corn in the Wells area of York County in mid-June.

CUTWORMS were of considerable concern on corn in various parts of the Nation
during the 1964 season. Cutworms were destructive to field corn in the Hudson
Valley of NEW YORK in the Millbrook area during June, the principal species being
GLASSY CUTWORM (Crymodes devastator). No cutworms were noted on sweet corn in

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the area, however. Various cutworms, especially BLACK CUTWORM (Agrotis ipsilon)
and VARIEGATED CUTWORM (Peridroma saucia) , caused moderate to heavy injury to
young corn following sod in a considerable number of fields over MARYLAND.
Glassy cutworm destroyed an estimated 50 percent of 11 acres of corn near
Holmesville in Holmes County, OHIO. Also in Ohio, black cutworm, DINGY CUTWORM
(Feltia subgothica) and CLAY-BACKED CUTWORM (Agrotis gladiaria) caused varying
degrees of damage, but no severe outbreaks of these species were reported in the
State. Various species of cutworms caused greater than usual injury in MICHIGAN
during late May through mid-June, Light to serious injury was reported from
many counties in the Lower and Upper Peninsulas, and some fields of corn where
sod was turned under harbored large populations of these pests. Localized
infestations of black cutworm caused moderate economic damage to corn seedlings
in the northern half of INDIANA and in several scattered western areas of the
State. Various species of cutworms, mainly black cutworm, caused damage to corn
in all districts of ILLINOIS. An estimated 192,577 acres were replanted and
165,707 acres were treated for control of these pests. Black cutworm caused
severe damage to individual fields of corn in WISCONSIN in early June. The

pest became a serious problem in scattered areas in the southern portion of the
State, necessitating some replanting and treatment. High counts of moths in
blacklight traps during the fall of 1964 indicated a high potential for infesta-
tion in the 1965 season.

Various cutworms, but primarily black cutworm, were damaging to corn in MINNESOTA
in June, with infestations scattered throughout the southern third of the State.
Stand reduction and, at times, complete loss of stand occurred and many fields
were replanted. Due to the extremely dry conditions in this portion of Minnesota
this season, cutworms were feeding beneath the soil surface. Control was very
poor under these conditions, as insecticides were not reaching the cutworms,
Extensive damage to sweet corn by unspecified cutworms was observed in the
Rochester area of Olmsted County, Minnesota, which resulted in replanting on a
large scale. Corn in southeastern and central SOUTH DAKOTA was seriously hindered
by cutworms, many fields having to be replanted due to feeding of these pests

on the plants. Larval infestations of black cutworm damaged corn, sorghum and
castor-beans, necessitating replanting in some fields in eastern areas of the
State. Also in NEBRASKA, WESTERN BEAN CUTWORM (Loxagrotis albicosta) damaged
ears of corn in York County, and feeding injury was observed in Buffalo and
Dawson Counties. Several fields of corn in northwestern MISSOURI were replanted
because of damage by black cutworm and dingy cutworm. Black cutworm caused
severe loss of corn seedlings in Brazos County, TEXAS. SORGHUM WEBWORM (Celama
sorghiella) was present over local areas in southern and central sections of
Texas, but infestations were generally low during the 1964 season, Scattered,
heavy infestations of variegated cutworm appeared in sorghum fields in ARIZONA
during August and September, and local infestations of BEET ARMYWORM (Spodoptera
exigua) occurred on sorghum, corn and milo in CALIFORNIA during the season,

SOUTHWESTERN CORN BORER (Zeadiatraea grandiosella) was found for the first time
in Johnson, Massac, Pope and Union Counties, ILLINOIS, during the 1964 season,
bringing to 6 the number of known infested counties in the State. Most infested
fields had less than one percent of plants infested. One late field of corn

had 24 percent of plants infested, with one larva per infested plant on
September 24. At this time, 70 percent of larvae in this heavily infested

field were spotted and 30 percent were white. No plant breakage was observed.
On November 9, this field in Illinois was re-examined and 13.3 percent of

larvae were still spotted, 83.4 percent were white and 3.3 percent were dead.
There was an average of 0.88 living larva per infested plant. Most infested
plants were broken off within 4 inches above ground level. Southwestern corn
borer populations remained at low levels in KANSAS during the 1964 season.

A 5-percent survival of overwintering southwestern corn borer larvae was recorded
in southwestern MISSOURI in the spring of 1964, Emergence of spring-generation
adults in the southeast occurred during the last week of May. First adults of
the season in Missouri were taken at Portageville, New Madrid County, on July 2.
The percent of girdled stalks was highest in the southeastern district, being 23

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percent opposed to 10.2 percent in the southwest district, but represented a
decrease of 2.3 percent from the 1963 average. Cape Girardeau County, in the
southeastern area, was the only newly infested county recorded in Missouri during
1964. Southwestern corn borer was present in OKLAHOMA this season but caused
little damage.

DISTRIBUTION OF SOUTHWESTERN CORN BORER

Southwestern corn borer infestations were heavier in ARKANSAS during the 1964
season than they were in 1963. Fall survey showed 8.5 percent stalk lodging
compared with 2.2 percent in 1963, and lodged stalks per acre were 528 in 1964
compared with 180 in 1963. Moths from overwintering larvae became active in
mid-May in the southern part of the State, and pupae of first-generation larvae
appeared about June 20 in this area. Moths, which gave rise to third-generation
southwestern corn borer larvae, appeared about August 15, and some second-
generation larvae were still girdling stalks and going below ground level as
early as August 22 in southern Arkansas. In LOUISIANA, infestations by first-
generation southwestern corn borer larvae ranged 4-17 percent on corn in the
Shreveport area of Caddo Parish during May. Second-generation populations were
much lighter than expected, apparently as a result of drought, and infested less
than 10 percent of plants. Southwestern corn borer was reported from 11 new
counties in ALABAMA during 1964, extending the range of this pest in the State
eastward from the 15 counties known to be infested in 1963. In combination with
SOUTHERN CORNSTALK BORER (Diatraea crambidoides) , southwestern corn borer caused
considerable damage to corn in northern and northwestern sections of Alabama,
especially to mid and late-season corn and sweet corn in home gardens. South-
western corn borer, European corn borer and southern cornstalk borer were the

most serious pest combination on sweet corn in the northwestern counties of the
State during the season.

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Southwestern corn borer larval populations heavily damaged late-planted sorghum
and some fields of corn in ARIZONA during July and August, with peaks of infesta-
tion reached during late August in Maricopa, Pinal, Graham and Cochise Counties.

SUGARCANE BORER (Diatraea saccharalis) infestations in LOUISIANA were lighter
than usual for the third consecutive year following a winter mortality estimated
at 88 percent. Infestations sufficiently heavy to justify insecticide applica-
tions generally did not occur before late July or August, and many fields
required no treatment. Levels of resistance to a certain chlorinated hydrocarbon
intensified and became more widespread in Louisiana. Heavy, local populations

of sugarcane borer occurred on corn in the gulf coast area of TEXAS during 1964.

CORN ROOT WEBWORM (Crambus caliginosellus) severely infested seedling corn through-
out VIRGINIA, and larvae were more troublesome to young corn during early June
in areas of Kent County, DELAWARE, than in previous years.

SOD WEBWORMS (Crambus spp.) were a general problem in many fields of corn
following sod in MARYLAND, with some replanting necessary in eastern and central
sections of the State during the 1964 season. Sod webworms destroyed 33 percent
of a 10-acre field of corn near Mount Eaton in Wayne County, OHIO, on May 25,
and 25 percent of a corn planting was lost in Hancock County by June 3. Sod
webworms caused considerable damage to field corn in Williams County, Ohio, in
mid-June.

Field infestations of ANGOUMOIS GRAIN MOTH (Sitotroga cerealella) continued low
in LOUISIANA during 1964. The growing of corn varieties with excellent shuck
coverage in the State is believed to be the major factor responsible for such
low infestations in the field. Infestations of PINK SCAVENGER CATERPILLAR y
(Sathrobrota rileyi) in Louisiana were well below normal in corn and limited to
ears which had been damaged by birds, Pink scavenger caterpillar and larvae of
a SKIPPER (Lerodea eufala eufala) infested plantings of corn, sorghum and millet
locally in CALIFORNIA during the 1964 season.

CORN ROOTWORMS (Diabrotica spp.), but primarily WESTERN CORN ROOTWORM (Diabrotica
virgifera) , continued to be the primary concern on corn in KANSAS during the

1964 season. Resistance to some chlorinated hydrocarbon insecticides now extends
from Norton to Rush to Saline to Brown Counties; however, resistance has not
developed in all fields within this area of Kansas. Adults of SOUTHERN CORN
ROOTWORM (D. undecimpunctata howardi) were first observed in NEBRASKA in mid-May,
but numbers remained light to moderate on a wide variety of plants. Western corn
rootworm and NORTHERN CORN ROOTWORM (D. longicornis) appeared on corn in July.
Adult surveys in Nebraska during 1964 showed western corn rootworm to be the
dominant species in the State. Larval feeding and larval damage were first

noted June 11, with heavy damage occurring mostly in fields where no controls
were applied. Western corn rootworm continued to extend its range into new
counties in SOUTH DAKOTA and caused considerable crop damage during the 1964
season. Hatching of Diabrotica spp. was first detected about June 15 ina
Hutchinson County research plot, and damage to plants was reported in Lincoln
County the following week. Larval counts during the summer were as high as 100
or more per plant, with averages of 20-25 larvae per plant considered conservative.
Adults of western corn rootworm were observed July 7 in Union County. Adult
populations ranged 1-25 per plant during mid-July in the southeastern region

with an average of 3 adults per plant. Generally, corn rootworm populations in
South Dakota were considered to be as high as or higher than 1963 populations and
more widely spread in untreated fields in 24 southeastern counties. Economic
damage in untreated fields in some areas of South Dakota was extremely high, with
entire root systems removed. Western corn rootworm and northern corn rootworm
were again major corn pests in southern MINNESOTA. Northern corn rootworm was
predominant generally, but western corn rootworm increased in importance. 4
Lodged and damaged corn was observed as far north as Carver and Wright Counties
during the 1964 season. In the past, most damage occurred in southern counties
of Minnesota. The most severe damage in 1964 was observed in the southwestern
area of the State and was due to western corn rootworm. This damage was inten-
sified by drought conditions and was severe. Infestations, however, were

= ey =

scattered and at times very localized. Soil insecticide treatments were applied

to more than one million acres planted to corn in 1964. This was the first year
organic phosphate insecticides were used to any extent for controlling soil insects
in Minnesota and results were very erratic.

DISTRIBUTION OF WESTERN CORN ROOTWORM

A survey for western corn rootworm was conducted during the 1964 season in
Minnesota to determine spread in the State. This pest of corn was first found
in the State in 1961 in Rock and Pipestone Counties, and during 1962 and 1963 had
spread eastward to the Minnesota-Wisconsin State line and northward in Minnesota
to Pope County. Western corn rootworm increased in importance in the south-
western area where it appears to have replaced northern corn rootworm in many
fields. D. virgifera is of prime importance in the southwestern part of Minnesota,
overshadowing D. Longicornis in 5 or 6 counties and comprises a lower, but still
important, percentage of total rootworm, populations in 8 or more counties. The
survey revealed the rapid movement of western corn rootworm into other areas of
Minnesota from 1961 to 1964, A potential for problems during the 1965 season
exists in Rock, Nobles, Jackson, Pipestone, Murray and Cottonwood Counties. In
the surrounding counties of Lincoln, Lyon, Redwood, Brown, Watonwan and Martin,
scattered fields can be expected to have problems during the 1965 season, and
there is the possibility that individual problems with western corn rootworm will
develop in fields well outside of this area, To broaden the potential in
Minnesota, any fields where 4 or 5 beetles were found per plant in 1964 problems
may be expected in 1965. Western corn rootworm was found for the first time in
WISCONSIN in the River Falls area of Pierce and St. Croix Counties during the
1964 season. In ILLINOIS, one adult of western corn rootworm was found in a
field of corn in Rock Island County on August 26 for the first record of this
pest in that State, but surveys in other western and northwestern counties were
negative. Eggs of northern corn rootworm began hatching in northwestern MISSOURI

= 163 =

during the week ending June 13, which was 2 weeks later than in 1963. Adults
were first observed early in the week ending July 11 in Atchison County. Plant
lodging due to rootworm damage in Atchison, Holt and Nodaway Counties ranged

5-51 percent in fields treated with organophosphate insecticides and up to 100
percent in fields not treated with these insecticides. Losses in Missouri this
season ranged from a few bushels per acre to complete loss because some fields
were not worth harvesting. Western corn rootworm was found for the first time
in Cass, Jackson, Lafayette and Saline Counties, the first records in the State
south of the Missouri River, as well as in Carroll, Livingston, Grundy, Sullivan,
Putnam and Schuyler Counties during the 1964 season,

Western corn rootworm affected the production of corn in COLORADO during the
season, with losses occurring in the northeastern area. Losses to corn ranged
5-10 percent from all pests affecting this crop in the State this year, with
controls being applied for western corn rootworm and two-spotted spider mite
(Tetranychus telarius). Western corn rootworm infested corn in southeastern
Colorado, contributing to the overall loss of 10 percent to this crop in that
area and also contributed to the 5 to 10-percent loss to corn in the western
portion of the State. Western corn rootworm was found in only one locality in
the western area, where numbers were moderate on corn and no controls were needed.
This infestation occurred in the Montrose area of Montrose County where high
numbers have been present in previous years. Damaging numbers of western corn
rootworm were not found or reported on corn in the Arkansas Valley of Colorado
during 1964. High numbers of this pest were found in isolated fields of corn in
Platte and Goshen Counties, WYOMING, where damage was more severe than in 1963.
Adults were first found July 29, and ranged 8-12 per 100 plants, with as many

as 20 adults per plant in one field in Goshen County. A slight amount of larval
damage was noticeable in Wyoming this season.

Northern corn rootworm larvae were about one-fourth grown by June 10 in WISCONSIN,
with populations high in a few fields. Adults were noted emerging July 7 and
feeding on corn silks and pollen. Counts of 5 per stalk were common. Damage by
this species was minimal throughout most of Wisconsin in 1964. Adults were common
in fields of corn in ILLINOIS by July 20. Feeding on 0-25 (average 7.3) percent
of corn silks was noted in the central district August 3-6, where beetles ranged
0-100 (average 25) per 100 plants. Lodging of corn in this portion of Illinois
was common in many fields. Northern corn rootworm was noted feeding on corn in
MISSOURI during the 1964 season.

Northern corn rootworm adults caused severe silk damage and prevented ear develop-
ment in many late-planted fields of corn in INDIANA, Populations are increasing
in fields that are continuously in corn in Henry, Franklin, Wells and Montgomery
Counties. In Montgomery County, the loss due to larval feeding was 30 bushels

per acre where adjacent treated rows produced 94 bushels per acre in 1964. Spotty
populations of northern corn rootworm in MICHIGAN caused significant loss in
southern counties, mostly in fields of continuous corn, Problems were reported

in Washtenaw, Monroe, Branch and Cass Counties and adults emerged in numbers
during mid-July from research plots in Cass County. Northern corn rootworm

adult populations on corn in OHIO were lower than in 1963. All but late corn in
the State escaped damage due to cutting of silks, which resulted in the reduction
of kernel development. Northern corn rootworm continued scarce in the Hudson
Valley of NEW YORK during 1964, with a few adults being noted on silks in
September as usual.

Southern corn rootworm was present throughout ALABAMA during 1964 but was serious
only in isolated fields of corn, The pest damaged corn seedlings in localized
areas of Brazos and Fayette Counties, TEXAS, and was noted feeding on corn during
the 1964 season in MISSOURI.

TOOTHED FLEA BEETLE (Chaetocnema denticulata) was abundant on untreated sweet
corn in the Hudson Valley of NEW YORK, scoring leaves of corn and grasses. CORN
FLEA BEETLE (C. pulicaria), however, was not detected on sweet corn in this area
of the State all season, which is a record for the period from 1952 to 1964,

= 164 —

Adults of corn flea beetle were noticeable on young corn throughout most of
DELAWARE by mid-May and were common on late-planted corn during early August.
Populations were heavy on young corn in May and June in all sections of MARYLAND,
and conspicuous leaf injury was also prevalent on more advanced corn in the

State during July and August. Corn flea beetle was noted feeding on corn in
MISSOURI during the 1964 season. DESERT CORN FLEA BEETLE (C. ectypa) caused
moderate damage to corn and feed sorghums in Washington County, UTAH, and local
infestations of another FLEA BEETLE (Systena taeniata) were observed on sorghum,
corn and milo in CALIFORNIA,

RICE WEEVIL (Sitophilus oryzae) populations were as heavy in corn at harvest

time in LOUISIANA as at any time during the last several years. Thirty percent

of ears and 7 percent of kernels were infested at harvest in the Baton Rouge area
of East Baton Rouge Parish. Bird damage contributed significantly to infesta-
tion by this pest; approximately 80 percent of bird-damaged ears was infested
compared with about 20 percent of ears which were not damaged by birds. Emigration
of rice weevil from storage bins in the Baton Rouge area began about April 1 and
continued at low level until after the first week of June, at which time numbers
increased rapidly to peak in mid-July. After this time, populations in the area
decreased to very low numbers and remained so until late November.

MAIZE BILLBUG (Sphenophorus maidis) was present on corn throughout ALABAMA during
1964 but was serious only in isolated fields. Infestations of another BILLBUG
(S. callosus) were more noticeable in GEORGIA than in 1963 and are possibly on
the increase after several years of decline. Infestations were more general and
heavier on corn than in the past 3 or 4 years. S. callosus occasionally infested
corn in VIRGINIA during the 1964 season. In MISSOURI, unspecified BILLBUGS were
reported feeding on corn during the season,

Larvae of unspecified SAP BEETLES were moderate in field and sweet corn in
Washington and Iron Counties, UTAH, CORN SAP BEETLE (Carpophilus dimidiatus)

was commonly found during August feeding on corn ears and stalks previously
damaged by other insects in NEBRASKA, and Carpophilus sayi and Glischrochilus
quadrisignatus were abundant in many fields of corn in ILLINOIS that were infested
by European corn borer (Ostrinia nubilalis). A few infestations of corn sap
beetle were reported in VIRGINIA and medium infestations of Carpophilus spp.

were reported on sweet corn at some locations in the State through August. DUSKY
SAP BEETLE (C. lugubris)and a4-spotted sap beetle were numerous in early corn in
the Hudson Valley of NEW YORK, chiefly in tunnels of European corn borer; however,
the usual larval broods of these pests on kernels in midsummer did not become a
problem-@uring the 1964 season,

SUGAR-BEET WIREWORM (Limonius californicus) severely damaged seed corn in Yakima
County, WASHINGTON, early in May. Unspecified WIREWORMS affected corn production
in COLORADO during 1964 where losses occurred in the northeastern area of that
State, and damaged a field of sorghum in NEBRASKA, necessitating replanting.
Melanotus spp. were noted feeding on corn during the season in MISSOURI, and
unspecified species of wireworms caused moderate damage to corn in Guadalupe
County, TEXAS. Another WIREWORM (Melanotus communis) caused the replanting of

50 acres of corn on a farm in Camden County, NORTH CAROLINA, during the first
week of May and caused extensive damage to 2 acres of a 20-acre field of corn

in Washington County during the fourth week of May. No reportes of damage by
this wireworm were received from the mountain counties of North Czrolina

where considerable damage occurred in some fields in 1963. Pupation was observed
during mid-June in the Washington County field and a few callow adults were
present.

SUGARCANE BEETLE (Euetheola rugiceps) was present throughout ALABAMA during 1964,
but was serious only in isolated fields of corn,

= 165 —

JAPANESE BEETLE (Popillia japonica) began appearing in light, scattered adult
populations by mid-June in INDIANA. Although many of these infestations were

of local concern to homeowners, agricultural damage was restricted to a limited
infestation in Newton County in the northwest section of the State. On 6
selected farms in this area, adult damage to corn silks averaged 70 percent of
plants. Peak activity was apparently reached by the end of July. Japanese
beetle was occasionally reported as being of concern on corn in Indiana. [In
MARYLAND, larvae of ASIATIC GARDEN BEETLE (Maladera castanea) damaged 5 acres of
young field corn near Salisbury, Wicomico County, in May. A SCARAB (Anomala sp.)
was light to moderate on corn in the Rio Grande Valley of TEXAS.

CORN LEAF APHID (Rhopalosiphum maidis) infested sorghum, corn and milo locally

in CALIFORNIA during the 1964 season. In NEVADA, populations were generally low
as they were during 1963, except for some heavy infestations on corn in Churchill
County during September. Corn leaf aphid caused light to moderate damage to

corn in UTAH. Populations on corn were about the same in WYOMING as they were

in 1963. The pest first appeared in late July in the southeastern area and
fields ranged 20-75 percent infested. Populations in northwest Wyoming were
slightly lower, infestations ranging 0-55 percent. Large colonies numbering

over 300 adults and nymphs were found in almost all instances this season,

Corn leaf aphid affected corn production in COLORADO during 1964, with losses
occurring in the northeastern portion of the State. This aphid infested sorghum
in eastern and southeastern areas, where yield reduction ranged 1-2 percent and
some controls were applied. Damaging numbers were not found or reported on corn
in the Arkansas Valley of Colorado during the 1964 season; however, this aphid
appeared on sorghum in all areas of the valley. Survey during late July showed
approximately 90 percent infestation of whorls of sorghum in fields checked in
Prowers, Bent, Otero, Crowley and Pueblo Counties. Generally, however, numbers
appeared not to affect head emergence in these counties and damage was
undetermined. Damaging populations of corn leaf aphid built up on corn and
sorghum in NEBRASKA during July and August. Populations were generally the same
or slightly higher in SOUTH DAKOTA than they were in 1963. Many fields of corn
had infestations of 100 percent with a small percentage having tassels rendered
ineffective due to honeydew. In NORTH DAKOTA, corn leaf aphid was very abundant
on corn in the southeastern area toward the latter part of the season.

Corn leaf aphid colonies appeared by July 10 in southern WISCONSIN, increasing
rapidly in a few areas, particularly in the central portion of the State, and
browning of leaves was noticed by July 24. Controls were used in some fields in
Columbia and Green Lake Counties. A population collapse occurred in early
August and no further problems were reported in Wisconsin. Small numbers of
corn leaf aphid were present in most fields of corn in ILLINOIS, with occasional
fields having heavy populations on up to 8 percent of plants by July 20. There
was a noticeable decrease about August 10 when 20-90 percent of aphids were dying
due to disease and parasitism. Numerous predators of corn leaf aphid were also
noted at this time. An estimated 11,136 acres of corn were treated for control
of this aphid in Illinois during the 1964 season,

Corn leaf aphid populations reached maximum development by mid-July in the
southern quarter of INDIANA and systematically developed northward. Infesta-
tions in 1964 exceeded those of 1963 in Indiana and this high population density,
combined with summer drought conditions, resulted in considerable loss in yield.
Maximum infestation was found in the northern half of Indiana this year where 67
percent of plants were infested. Extremely high populations of this aphid built
up over the entire corn-growing area of Lower MICHIGAN during early August.
Plants under stress from drought suffered most, as high populations continued
until late August. Corn leaf aphid was considered responsible for more state-
wide loss of corn production in Michigan during the 1964 season than any of the
other corn insects, with pollen production and pollination being greatly

reduced in some fields of late corn. In OHIO, populations or remnants of
populations of corn leaf aphid were found consistently in nearly every field

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of corn included in the European corn borer survey in 32 western counties and
in Wayne County. It was impossible to assess the damage caused by this aphid,
but apparently many of the populations in various fields had been quite heavy
during the season.

Corn leaf aphid was noted feeding on corn in MISSOURI and infestations ranged
moderate to heavy on grain sorghum in many areas of OKLAHOMA during the 1964
season. Corn leaf aphid was heavy and widespread on field corn during the
season in ALABAMA, but damage was undetermined. Sweet corn, however, was
damaged throughout the State.

A few infestations of corn leaf aphid were reported in VIRGINIA through August,
but heavy numbers were present on mature corn at several locations on the Eastern
Shore of MARYLAND in August, with controls applied to several fields in
Dorchester County. This aphid was abundant on corn throughout DELAWARE also
beginning in August. Corn leaf aphid was spotted in many areas of PENNSYLVANIA
and infestations were very heavy on some plants, preventing ear development.
Populations in sweet corn were very high in Erie County, NEW YORK, this season,
and appeared in the Hudson Valley in June and increased rapidly in July. By
mid-August, the population increase ended and the pest was then largely confined
to spaces between husks. Predators and parasites were abundant, but the cause
of early decline in populations was not clear. Sooty mold did not become a
problem in New York because of dry weather. Corn leaf aphid was first noted in
RHODE ISLAND on forage corn in Kingston, Washington County, on July 31, and
probably could be found on corn statewide during the remainder of the summer,
The pest apparently was economically insignificant in the State this season,
Extremely large populations of this aphid developed on sweet corn in several
fields in Hampden County, MASSACHUSETTS, but no controls were applied.

APPLE GRAIN APHID (Rhopalosiphum fitchii) occurred on corn in several locations
in CALIFORNIA, and another aphid, R. padi, infested corn, sorghum and millet
plantings locally. A light, fall buildup of ENGLISH GRAIN APHID (Macrosiphum
avenae) caused some damage to sorghums in Yuma County, ARIZONA, during October.
CORN ROOT APHID (Anuraphis maidiradicis) was noted feeding on corn in MISSOURI
during the 1964 season, and the species severely damaged roots of corn in one
section of VIRGINIA.

A CORN LEAFHOPPER (Dalbulus maidis) was collected for the first time in LOUISIANA
during 1964. Light populations occurred on corn infected with a corn virus, some
of which was corn stunt virus, during late August and September in St. Landry,
Rapides, Avoyelles, Webster, Claiborne, Catahoula and Concordia Parishes. This
leafhopper was also collected in Conway County, ARKANSAS, on October 15, 1964.
The only previous record in the State was a collection in 1947.

CHINCH BUG (Blissus leucopterus) was more abundant than for the last few years

in ILLINOIS, damaging marginal rows of corn. Nymphal populations varied 0-100
per corn plant; however, heavy rains in May promoted luxuriant growth of foxtail
in some fields and nymphs fed on and killed this grass, thus saving corn from
more severe damage. An estimated 48,014 acres of corn were treated for the
control of this pest in Illinois during the 1964 season. Nymphs were abundant

in August and damaged occasional fields of corn. Chinch bug caused slight damage
to border rows of corn adjacent to infested millet seedlings in northwest INDIANA,
and the pest occasionally damaged corn in VIRGINIA. Chinch bug was present
throughout ALABAMA but damage was serious only in isolated fields. Chinch bug
occurred on grain sorghum and corn in TEXAS, with damage reported from over much
of the State, and attacked corn in the southeastern area of the State during
early July.

FALSE CHINCH BUG (Nysius ericae) infested grain sorghum in Roosevelt and Luna
Counties, NEW MEXICO. CONCHUELA (Chlorochroa ligata) caused noticeable damage
to heads of grain sorghum during August in many fields in the Deming-Columbus
area of Luna County.

= 167 =

Several species of THRIPS were again abundant and caused streaking on young corn
in all sections of MARYLAND, especially during May and June. An unspecified
thrips caused very noticeable silvering in many fields of corn in ILLINOIS, and
unspecified species fed on corn in MISSOURI. Thrips activity and some feeding
signs were noted in some fields of corn in NEBRASKA, and these pests had some
effect on corn production in COLORADO during the year.

SORGHUM MIDGE (Contarinia sorghicola) infestations were generally less severe
over TEXAS than in 1963, except for late-planted fields where damage was heavy.
General infestations were present in the south plains area, but these were not
so severe as in 1963 due in part to drought and early planting. Sorghum midge
was present but caused little damage in OKLAHOMA, and was found in Riley County,
KANSAS, in late fall, which was the first positive record of this pest in the
State for many years. SEED-CORN MAGGOT (Hylemya platura) was afforded favorable
conditions for development by a wet, cool, late spring in VIRGINIA. This pest
was present in ALASKA, but was of minor importance during the 1964 season there.
CORN LEAF BLOTCH MINER (Agromyza parvicornis) was noted feeding on corn in
MISSOURI during the season.

TWO-SPOTTED SPIDER MITE (Tetranychus telarius) affected corn production in
COLORADO by causing losses to this crop in the northeastern area of the State.
Losses in the area from damaging pests ranged 5-10 percent, with controls being
used for two-spotted spider mite and western corn rootworm (Diabrotica virgifera).
Two-spotted spider mite infested sorghum in eastern and southeastern areas of
Colorado, where reduction in yield amounted to 1-2 percent; limited controls were
applied. Two-spotted spider mite infested corn in southeastern Colorado where
loss to the crop was approximately 10 percent from all pests, and contributed to
losses of 5-10 percent to corn in the western area of the State. Some controls
were applied in these areas. Although two-spotted spider mite is usually a
problem on corn in Mesa, Montrose, Delta and Garfield Counties, Colorado, high
numbers failed to develop during the 1964 season and few controls were used,

SPIDER MITES (Tetranychus spp.) were a serious problem on corn and sorghum in

the Arkansas Valley of COLORADO during the 1964 season. These pests began
appearing on lower leaves of corn in the Arkansas Valley in mid-June and developed
high populations by late July. Populations in Prowers and Bent Counties developed
later than in western counties of Colorado, but by the end of the season extensive
damage to untreated fields occurred in all areas. Tetranychus spp. infested most
fields of sorghum in the Arkansas Valley to some extent, and by late August, mite
infestations throughout the leaves had occurred in many fields. Generally, heads
had emerged by this time and it is not known how much effect these mites had on
yield. Large numbers of unspecified spider mites appeared on corn in Goshen and
Platte Counties, WYOMING, in late July, causing varying degrees of damage to
leaves. A small amount of dusting was done, but infestations were light in most
fields. Populations remained present during August in Wyoming, but suddenly
declined in early September. In NEVADA, infestations of Oligonychus spp. and
Tetranychus spp. were heavy on corn in Churchill County, light to medium in
Pershing County and light in remaining counties where corn is grown. Tetranychus
spp. caused considerable damage to grain sorghum in the Brazos River Bottom area
in the central section of TEXAS during the 1964 season.

BANKS GRASS MITE (Oligonychus pratensis) populations were heavy and caused lower
leaves of corn to turn brown and dry in fields’ near Estancia and McIntosh in
Torrance County, NEW MEXICO, and light, scattered populations of this mite
occurred on corn in the southern half of the panhandle area of NEBRASKA during
the 1964 season.

GARDEN SYMPHYLAN (Scutigerella immaculata) was very destructive to corn in the
southwest portion of WASHINGTON, probably because of the cool, wet season, and
caused losses to corn in northeastern COLORADO,

An estimated 4,091,125 acres of cornland was treated to control SOIL INSECTS
before or at planting time in ILLINOIS this year.

- 168 -

Several insects were damaging to sugarcane in FLORIDA during 1964. Localized
infestations of LESSER CORNSTALK BORER (Elasmopalpus lignosellus) were frequent
during the dry winter months of 1963-1964 with damage exceeding that observed
over the past 4 years. WIREWORM damage to plant cane, primarily by Melanotus
communis remained heavy in fields where proper controls were not followed at
time of planting. Some stand losses were as great as 40 percent. Infestations
of SUGARCANE BORER (Diatraea saccharalis), as in past years, were sporadic during
1964. Newly developed sugarcane acreages generally located several miles from
the shores of Lake Okeechobee sustained heavier damage from this pest than the
area adjacent to the lake that has been under cultivation for many years. Maximum
damage appears to be less for the 1964-1965 crop, with bored joints seldom
exceeding 20 percent as compared with 40 percent at harvesttime in 1962-1963.
With the increased acreages of sugarcane in Florida during recent years, there
has been an increase in the importance of sugarcane borer.

Other pests of sugarcane in Florida during 1964 included YELLOW SUGARCANE APHID
(Sipha flava), a WEST INDIAN SUGARCANE DELPHACID (Saccharosydne saccharivora)
and a SHARP-NOSED LEAFHOPPER (Draeculacephala portola). Infestations of these
pests were sporadic during the season and moderately heavy. During the spring
of 1964 there was considerable concern over heavy populations of Sipha flava

on young sugarcane. Although this aphid caused some discoloration and stunting,
plants always appeared to outgrow damage.

The more important foliage feeding insects that occurred on sugarcane in Florida
during 1964 included a CLIMBING CUTWORM (Leucania latiuscula) , SOUTHERN ARMYWORM
(Prodenia eridania), FALL ARMYWORM (Spodoptera frugiperda) and a GRASSWORM
(Mocis sp.). During the spring and fall, there was considerable feeding by

L,. latiuscula, but plants appeared to outgrow this damage.

ARMYWORM (Pseudaletia unipuncta) and CORN EARWORM (Heliothis zea) were unusually
heavy on field corn at Hastings in St. Johns County, Florida, and fall armyworm
was heavy on this crop in Jackson County during the summer. An unspecified
STINK BUG was very damaging to young kernels of field corn at Hastings, Florida.
This latter pest is a major factor in the raising of clean corn,

CORRECTIONS

CEIR 12(28):722 - A LEAF BEETLE (Luperus concavis) - WASHINGTON, should read
IDAHO

CEIR 15(4):49 - Coccids in Florida - Line 13: Phenacaspis cockerelli (a soft
scale) should read Phenacaspis cockerelli (an armored scale).

CEIR 15(6):77 - Highlights, line 8 - A WEEVIL (Xylosandrus compactus) should read
A SCOLYTID BEETLE (Xylosandrus compactus).

CEIR 15(6):78 - Forest, Ornamental and Shade Tree Insects - Line 5 - a BARK
BEETLE (Xylosandrus compactus) should read a SCOLYTID BEETLE (Xylosandrus
compactus).

CEIR 15(9):121 (DETECTION) - Page numbers for the following should be changed to
read: STONEFLIES p. 128; a WHITEFLY (Dialeurodes kirkalyi) p. 126; IMPORTED
FIRE ANT (Solenopsis Saevissima richteri) p. 128.

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> March 12) 1965
or 0,

ATES DEPARTMENT OF AGRICULTU

\

AGRICULTURAL RESEARCH SERVICE

PLANT PEST CONTROL DIVISION

SURVEY AND DETECTION OPERATIONS

The Cooperative Economic Insect Report is issued
weekly as a service to American Agriculture. Its contents
are compiled from information supplied by cooperating State,
Federal, and industrial entomologists and other agricultural
workers. In releasing this material the Division serves as
a clearing house and does noi assume responsibility for ac-
curacy of the material.

All correspondence pertaining to additions, dele-
tions and changes of addresses for the mailing
list for this report should be sent to:

Service Operations Division
Office of Plant and Operations
United States Department of Agriculture
Washington, D. C. 20250

Reports and inquiries pertaining to this release
should be mailed to:

Survey and Detection Operations
Plant Pest Control Division
Agricultural Research Service
United States Department of Agriculture
Federal Center Building
Hyattsville, Maryland 20781

Volume 15 March 12, 1965 Number 11
COOPERATIVE ECONOMIC INSECT REPORT
HIGHLIGHTS

ALFALFA WEEVIL adults active in Nevada, Utah and North Carolina; hatching under-
way in Tennessee. Some damage reported in these States. A WEEVIL (Hypera
brunneipennis) appears to be increasingin alfalfa in areas of Arizona; 70-80 per-
cent of terminals damaged in Yuma County and 50-60 percent of terminals damaged
in Maricopa and Pinal Counties. CLOVER LEAF WEEVIL and LESSER CLOVER LEAF WEEVIL

active in Nevada. (p. 172).

Small infestation of CALIFORNIA RED SCALE found on citrus near Mesa, Arizona,

(p. 172). CITRUS RUST MITE infestations on Florida citrus expected to be above
average for March, and GLOVER SCALE and YELLOW SCALE continue more abundant than
at any time in 15 years of record. (pp. 172-173). GREEN PEACH APHID egg deposi-
tion on peaches heavy in Mesa County, Colorado, and first stem mothers of season
noted. (p. 173).

BEET ARMYWORM and GREEN PEACH APHID damaging sugar beet seed crop in Arizona.
(p. 173). POPLAR PETIOLE GALL APHID extremely heavy on root systems of turnip
in Alabama. (p. 174).

VEGETABLE WEEVIL damaging tobacco in southern Georgia. (p. 174).

Larval infestations of a CONIFER SAWFLY (Neodiprion taedae linearis) may be high
in Arkansas in spring of 1965, and severe defoliation by FOREST TENT CATERPILLAR
expected in northern Minnesota, SPRING CANKERWORM males emerged in Indiana.

(p. 176).

HORN FLY active in Alabama. (p. 177). PACIFIC COAST TICK and tick paralysis a
problem on livestock in areas of California; wildlife also apparently affected.
FACE FLY active in homes in South Dakota. (G5 72) 6

POTATO TUBERWORM heavy in potato chip factory in Sioux Falls, South Dakota.
(p. 180).

DETECTION

A PHYCITID MOTH (Eumysia mysiella) reported for first time from California; first
host plant also reported. (p. 171). OLEANDER APHID (Aphis nerii) and an ARMORED
SCALE (Neopinnaspis harperi) reported for first time from Hawaii. (p. 182). A
GELECHIID MOTH (Chionodes psiloptera) reported for first time in Garfield County,
Washington. (p. 171).

SPECIAL REPORTS

Status of the Screw-worm in the Southwest. (Gs), ALZ/&3)).<

Hawaiian Insect Notes. (p. 182).

Estimated Losses and Production Costs Attributed to Insects and Related Arthropods
Attacking Alfalfa Hay and Clover Hay in Illinois in 1964, (p. 183).

Summary of Insect Conditions in the United States - 1964

Cereal and Forage Insects (continued)

Alfalfa, Clover, Sweetclover and Vetch Insects (p. 184).
Soybean and Peanut Insects (p. 197).
Lawn, Pasture and Rangeland Insects (p. 200).

Reports in this issue are for week ending March 5 unless otherwise indicated.

= I7/Q) =

WEATHER OF THE WEEK ENDING MARCH 8

The week's weather was dominated by a single low pressure system. Centered near
New Orleans, Louisiana, on Monday, the low became stagnant over the Ohio River
Valley from Tuesday to Friday and then moved eastward. Circulation around the
low caused persistent cloudiness and precipitation throughout the area. In con-—
trast, the western half of the Country was sunny and dry during most of the
period.

TEMPERATURE: The persistent low caused unusual temperature patterns as cool air
was spread from Arizona to the Carolinas and from Montana and Wyoming to southern
Illinois. Most of that area averaged 6° to 12° below normal while the Great Lakes
and New England were 6° to 10° above normal for the week. At Caribou, in northern
Maine, the weekly average of 38° was 20° above normal, while the average at

Little Rock, Arkansas, was also 38° put ula below normal. Early Friday, it was
28° at Atlanta, Georgia, while it was 41° at Boston, Massachusetts. Freezes
occurred from Arizona to Louisiana.

PRECIPITATION: The only precipitation of consequence west of the Rockies fell on
the California coast. In Washington and Oregon it was the driest 7-day period
since mid-November and may have been the driest Monday through Sunday period in
more than a year. The Great Plains received only light precipitation but almost
the entire eastern half of the Country received moderate to heavy amounts.

SNOW: Snow early in the week extended into the Deep South with up to 6 inches in
central Texas, 4 inches in northern Louisiana and traces of snow in Mississippi.
Strong north to northeasterly winds caused much drifting and near-blizzard condi-
tions in northern areas and particularly in southwest Iowa and Minnesota. Snow
on March 7 still covered most of the Corn Belt but in the Northeast the snow
cover was limited mostly to mountainous areas. Melting snows contributed to
local flooding in parts of Iowa, Minnesota and southern Wisconsin. (Summary
supplied by U.S. Weather Bureau).

- 171 -

CEREAL AND FORAGE INSECTS

GREENBUG (Schizaphis graminum) - OKLAHOMA - Ranged 5-12 per linear foot in wheat
in Tillman County, southwest. (Okla. Coop. Sur.). GEORGIA - Light on small grain
in southern area. (Johnson) .

APPLE GRAIN APHID (Rhopalosiphum fitchii) - OKLAHOMA - Averaged 50 per linear
foot in Tillman County wheat. (Okla. Coop. Sur.).

CORN LEAF APHID (Rhopalosiphum maidis) - ARIZONA - Infestations ranged light to
moderate in barley in Maricopa, Pinal, Pima, Cochise and Graham Counties. (Ariz.
Coop. Sur.).

APHIDS - NORTH CAROLINA - Unspecified species severely damaged small grain in
Fuquay Springs-Varina area of Wake County. Numbers decreased during past week
and parasitism by small undetermined wasp noted in all fields. (Robertson).

DESERT CORN FLEA BEETLE (Chaetocnema ectypa) - ARIZONA - Moderate infestations
found on small grains, mostly barley, in Maricopa and Pinal Counties. (Ariz.
Coop. Sur.).

EUROPEAN CORN BORER (Ostrinia nubilalis) - SOUTH DAKOTA - Recent collections
from cornstalks in field in Brookings County indicate population is lower than
at same time in 1964. Counts showed 18 larvae per 100 stalks, based on count
from 1,800 stalks. Approximately 20-25 percent of larvae had been parasitized
by Sympiesis viridula (an ichneumon) and Horogenes punctorius (a eulophid).
Indications of disease also present in larvae, but contribution to overall
mortality not known. (S.D, Ins. Newsltr.).

CUTWORMS - OKLAHOMA - Unspecified species present in light numbers on wheat in
Tillman (southwest) and Washita (west central) Counties. (Okla. Coop. Sur.).

WINTER GRAIN MITE (Penthaleus major) - UTAH - Moderately numerous on grains and
alfalfa at North Ogden, Weber County, February 27. Few noted on alfalfa south
of Willard, Box Elder County, March 2. (Knowlton).

BROWN WHEAT MITE (Petrobia latens) - UTAH - Light on fall wheat on dryland farm
at South Jordan, Salt Lake County. (Knowlton).

A GELECHIID MOTH (Chionodes psiloptera) - WASHINGTON - Larvae damaging blue
grass seed fields in Spokane and Garfield Counties. Garfield County is a new
county record. (Harwood, Telford).

A PHYCITID MOTH (Eumysia mysiella) - CALIFORNIA - Specimens collected and reared
from sagebrush in Kettleman City, Kings County, by F. Surber. This is a new
State record and the first record of a host plant. Det. by G. Okumura, (Cal.
Coop. Rpt.).

A BILLBUG (Sphenophorus sp.) - NORTH CAROLINA - Damaged roots of sea-oats in
experimental plots in Wake County. (Mount).

A LEAFHOPPER (Dikraneura carneola) - UTAH - Active on grassy areas at Perry,
Box Elder County, February 27. Moderately numerous on roadside grasses at
West Weber, Weber County, March 2, (Knowlton).

A TERMITE - TEXAS - Unspecified species reported from pature grasses in Montague
County. (Turney).

DIPTEROUS LARVAE - NORTH CAROLINA - Unspecified species damaged stems of sea-oats
in experimental plots in Wake County. (Mount).

- 172 -

ALFALFA WEEVIL (Hypera postica) - SOUTH CAROLINA - Reported active in Anderson
and Newberry Counties; damage greatest in Newberry County; probably due to warmer
weather and because development has been faster than ir upper Piedmont area.
(Nettles et al., March 1). TENNESSEE - Hatching underway over much of State.
Larval counts presently high in many locations, but larvae quite small. Larvae
present where alfalfa has begun to grow. Only few larvae now present in areas
east of Knoxville and in plateau region as alfalfa has not begun to grow in
these locations. Cold weather killed many larvae in some areas, but many
unaffected; more eggs are present to hatch. Control operations will begin much
earlier this year, particularly if weather should remain warm. (Mullett).

UTAH - Adults active in alfalfa at Granger, Salt Lake County. (Knowlton).
NEVADA - Adults active; averaged 3 per square foot in alfalfa in Lovelock,
Pershing County, February 26. Active on warmer days during second and third
weeks of February in Reno area, Washoe County. (Bechtel).

A WEEVIL (Hypera brunneipennis) - ARIZONA - Populations appear to be increasing

in alfalfa in Yuma, Maricopa and Pinal Counties. In Yuma County, 70-80 percent

of terminals damaged; in Maricopa and Pinal Counties, 50-60 percent of terminals
damaged. (Ariz. Coop. Sur.).

CLOVER LEAF WEEVIL (Hypera punctata) - NEVADA - Adults active on warmer. days
during second and third weeks of February in Reno area of Washoe County. (Bechtel).

LESSER CLOVER LEAF WEEVIL (Hypera nigrirostris) - NEVADA - Adults active in Reno
area, Washoe County, on warmer days during second and third weeks of February.
(Bechtel).

PEA APHID (Acyrthosiphon pisum) - ARIZONA - Light to moderate on alfalfa in Yuma
County. Moderate infestations prevalent in Maricopa and Pinal Counties; infesta-
tions light in Pima, Cochise and Graham Counties. (Ariz. Coop. Sur.). NEW
MEXICO - Cold temperatures apparently reduced populations in alfalfa throughout
Dona Ana County. (N.M. Coop. Rpt.).

SPOTTED ALFALFA APHID (Therioaphis maculata) - ARIZONA - Light on alfalfa in Yuma,
Maricopa, Pinal and Graham Counties. Infestations appear scattered and heavier
on old, established stands of alfalfa. (Ariz. Coop. Sur.).

CLOVER LEAFHOPPER (Aceratagallia sanguinolenta) - UTAH - Moderately numerous on
alfalfa in Granger area of Salt Lake County. (Knowlton).

FRUIT INSECTS

CALIFORNIA RED SCALE (Aonidiella aurantii) - ARIZONA - Small infestations found
in citrus grove near Mesa, Maricopa County. Controls applied. (Ariz. Coop. Sur.).

SAN JOSE SCALE (Aspidiotus perniciosus) - CALIFORNIA - Medium on pear and pyra-
cantha in Los Molinos, on apple in Corning and on quince in Red Bluff, all in
Tehama County. (Cal. Coop. Rpt.).

WALNUT SCALE (Aspidiotus juglansregiae) - CALIFORNIA - Medium on walnut trees
locally in Lakeside, San Diego County. (Cal. Coop. Rpt.).

Citrus Insect Situation in Florida - End of February - CITRUS RUST MITE (Phyllo-
coptruta oleivora) infested 61 percent of groves (norm 61 percent); 40 percent
economic (norm 37 percent). Population is near normal but further increase

is expected to place infestations above average level for March. Highest dis-
tricts south, west and north. TEXAS CITRUS MITE (Eutetranychus banksi) infested
34 percent of groves (norm 26 percent); 12 percent economic (norm 8 percent).
Population is above normal level. Although slight increase expected, few infesta-
tions will be important. Highest districts west and central. CITRUS RED MITE
(Panonychus citri) infested 31 percent of groves (norm 60 percent); 8 percent

- 173 -

economic (norm 32 percent). Little change expected from current low level.
Highest districts west and north. SIX-SPOTTED MITE (Eotetranychus sexmaculatus)
infested 11 percent of groves (norm 11 percent); 1 percent economic (norm 1 per-
cent). Increase expected and some groves now harboring this mite will develop
moderate to heavy infestations. GLOVER SCALE (Lepidosaphes gloverii) infested
95 percent of groves; 35 percent economic. This scale continues more abundant
than at any time in 15 years of record. Population will continue near current
high level. Highest districts south, central and east. PURPLE SCALE (L. beckii)
infested 82 percent of groves (norm 80 percent); 21 percent economic (norm 15
percent). Increase expected, with population moving into high range; however,
few infestations will be heavy. Highest districts south and central. CHAFF
SCALE (Parlatoria pergandii) infested 74 percent of groves; 32 percent economic.
Slight decrease is expected to keep infestations in moderate range. Highest
districts east and south. YELLOW SCALE (Aonidiella citrina) infested 68 percent
of groves; 21 percent economic. Population continues at highest level in 15
years of record. Slight decrease expected. Highest districts central and south.
BLACK SCALE (Saissetia oleae) is decreasing. MEALYBUGS are near seasonal low
level. APHIDS will increase in mid-March in scattered groves in warmer areas,
WHITEFLIES infested 62 percent of groves (norm 56 percent); 21 percent economic
(norm 11 percent). Little change expected from current above average level.
(W.A. Simanton (Citrus Expt. Sta., Lake Alfred)).

GREEN PEACH APHID (Myzus persicae) - COLORADO - Egg deposition on peaches in

Mesa County heavy (75 percent) on 20 properties compared with light (5 percent)
depositions in 1964, First stem mothers noted this year on February 20. (Bulla).
ARIZONA - Light to moderate on citrus trees in Mesa-Tempe area of Maricopa County.
Also noted on new growth in Yuma County. (Ariz. Coop. Sur.).

A LEAFHOPPER (Cuerna costalis) - FLORIDA - Adults taken on bark of peach at
Monticello, Jefferson County. (Hopkins).

LYGUS BUGS (Lygus spp.) - UTAH - Adults, largely L. elisus, active in orchard
at North Ogden, Weber County. (Knowlton, Feb, BODY o

PEACH TREE BORERS (Sanninoidea spp.) - UTAH - Damaging peach orchard at North
Ogden, Weber County. (Knowlton).

TRUCK CROP INSECTS

BEET ARMYWORM (Spodoptera exigua) - ARIZONA - Moderate populations continue to
damage sugar beet seed crop in Maricopa and Yuma Counties. (Ariz. Coop. Sure

A NOCTUID MOTH (Proxenus mindara) - CALIFORNIA - Medium numbers of larvae and
pupae noted on sugar beets in Crows Landing, Stanislaus County. (Cal. Coop. Rpt.).

A LEAF ROLLER MOTH (Platynota stultana) - CALIFORNIA - Larvae appearing on sugar
beet plantings in Fresno County. Some damage noted. (Cal. Coop. Rpt.).

GREEN PEACH APHID (Myzus persicae) - ARIZONA - Moderate to heavy populations
damaging sugar beets. grown for seed in Maricopa and Yuma Counties. Light to
moderate on lettuce and cabbage in Maricopa County. (Ariz. Coop. Sur.).

BEET LEAFHOPPER (Circulifer tenellus) - CALIFORNIA - Spraying in Imperial Valley
began February 10 and terminated February 17. Total of 4,780 acres of desert
annuals, principally Plantago spp. (plantain) in Dixieland area, treated in
Imperial County. (Cal. Coop. Rpt.).

DARKLING BEETLES (Blapstinus spp.) - ARIZONA - Damaging cantaloups in fields with
heavy, old crop residues in Yuma County. (Ariz. Coop. Sur.).

- 174 -

POPLAR PETIOLE GALL APHID (Pemphigus populitransversus) - ALABAMA - Extremely
heavy numbers feeding on root systems of turnips in several Henry County gardens.
Populations so heavy in some gardens that aphids followed feeder roots out and
away from taproot 2-6 inches and emerged in small clumps on surface of wet soils.
(Kimbrough et al.).

CABBAGE APHID (Brevicoryne brassicae) - GEORGIA - Light on commercial cabbage in
southern area. (Johnson) .

VEGETABLE WEEVIL (Listroderes costirostris obliquus) - TEXAS - Larvae damaging
mustard in Tyler County. (Hamman).

SPOTTED CUCUMBER BEETLE (Diabrotica undecimpunctata howardi) - ALABAMA - Few
adults in hibernation taken from surface trash near cotton fields. (McQueen) .

A LEAF BEETLE (Phaedon sp.) - FLORIDA - Severe on turnip at Ocala, Marion County.
(Roberson, Feb. 23).

MEXICAN BEAN BEETLE (Epilachna varivestis) - ALABAMA - Average of one adult per
farm recovered from trash smaples in Henry County. This at relative rate of
approximately 800 adults per acre of trash and in areas not adjacent to gardens
or soybeans where counts should be much higher. Trash collected during boll
weevil (Anthonomus grandis) survival survey. (Kimbrough, West, et al.).

SPIDER MITES - ARKANSAS - Unspecified species very heavy on tomato plant bed in
Conway County. (Ark. Ins. Sur.).

VARIEGATED CUTWORM (Peridroma Sey - CALIFORNIA - He ay, on strawberry plants
in Salida, Stanislaus County. (Ca Coop. Rpt.).

THRIPS - NEW MEXICO - Populations on truck crops lighter than during past 3
weeks. (N.M. Coop. Rpt.).

TOBACCO INSECTS

VEGETABLE WEEVIL (Listroderes costirostris obliquus) - GEORGIA - Light to moderate
feeding damage noted on tobacco plants in southern area, (Johnson) .

TOBACCO FLEA BEETLE (Epitrix hirtipennis) - GEORGIA - Light on tobacco in
southern area. (Johnson

COTTON INSECTS

PINK BOLLWORM (Pectinophora gossypiella) - FLORIDA - Larvae taken on wild cotton
(Gossypium hirsutum) at 2 locations in Cape Sable area, Monroe County, (Weaver,
Feb, 11), and collected at Palm Key (Flamingo), Monroe County, (Humphries,

Feb. 20).

A COSMOPTERIGID MOTH (Sathrobrota sp.) - FLORIDA - Larvae taken on wild cotton
(Gossypium hirsutum) at Cape Sable and at Murray Key, Dade County, (Weaver,
Humphries, Feb. 11 and 18). Lightly infested cotton at Bradenton, Manatee County,
(Stees, Wachtel, Feb. 23).

FOREST, ORNAMENTAL AND SHADE TREE INSECTS

SOUTHERN PINE BEETLE (Dendroctonus frontalis) - ALABAMA - Controls continued at
reduced level on Shoal Creek and Talladega Districts of National Forests. Control
terminated on Tuscaloosa and Oakmulgee Districts; infestations now considered
endemic, Epidemic infestations observed on private lands west of Birmingham

- 175 -

during fall of 1964. Some salvage being done by companies in infested area.
GEORGIA - Populations decreased on Tallulah District, Chattahoochee National
Forest, due to control efforts and cooler temperatures. In January, epidemic
discovered in northwest Hall County; this same county in which epidemic first
observed in 1962-1963. Survey showed 4,600 infested trees supporting an 11:1
population increase; represents 53 infested trees per 1,000 acres. Plans under-
way for removal of all infested trees before spring emergence. LOUISIANA -
Activity confined to West Bay area of Allen Parish; continues relatively low.
October evaluation showed slight decrease in number of infested trees since July
survey. Additional infestations found during fall and winter of 1964, particu-
larly in upper portions of trees previously attacked by D. terebrans (black
turpentine beetle). MISSISSIPPI - Activity continues on Homochitto National
Forest. Number of infested trees per 1,000 acres declined from 20 in September
to slightly more than 3 in December, NORTH CAROLINA - Infestations detected in
Washington and Beaufort Counties on Coastal Plain. Most activity confined to
pond pine in poorly drained areas. Serious outbreak active on 3,500-acre estate
in northern Granville County; estimated 30 percent of shortleaf pine destroyed.
Activity continues at high level in upper Piedmont counties. Salvage operations
saving merchantable values and reducing beetle populations. Infestations detected
on 2 red pine plantations in Macon County. SOUTH CAROLINA - Infestations
continued on Francis Marion National Forest during late summer and early fall

at slightly lower level than during summer, Salvage and control minimizing
losses. Beetle activity on Tyger and Enoree Districts of Sumter National Forest
declined suddenly after late summer buildup. Infestation level declined to 2.1
infested trees per 1,000 acres on Tyger District in September to unmeasurable
level in January. Beetle populations exploded to high level of 39 infested
trees per 1,000 acres on Andrew Pickens District of Sumter National Forest during
period September 1964-January 1965. Chemical control and salvage in progress.
TENNESSEE - Infestation detected over portions of Roane, Anderson, Knox and
Loudon Counties; centered along Clinch River, south of Oak Ridge. Spots contain-
ing up to 1,000 red-topped and fading pines detected during January. TEXAS -
Activity in southeast at low level at end of 1964. No new infestations reported
in December. Results of January survey showed infested trees per 1,000 acres
increased from 1.2 in September to 2.0. This is first time winter survey has
shown increase in beetle activity since evaluation surveys were started in 1962.
(South. For. Pest Rptr., Feb.).

BLACK TURPENTINE BEETLE (Dendroctonus terebrans) - ARKANSAS - Beetle activity
leveled off at end of 1964; however, local infestations continue active. TEXAS -
Beetle attacks remained constant during December on the National Forests, northern
Jasper, southeastern Houston and Trinity Counties. (South. For. Pest Rptr., Feb.).

ENGRAVER BEETLES (Ips spp.) - ARKANSAS - Few local infestations continue active;
however, infestations generally leveled off. NORTH CAROLINA - Approximately 200
Virginia pines killed in old field near Weaverville, Buncombe County, by I. pini
(pine engraver) and I. grandicollis. Infestation of I. pini detected near
Busick, Yancey County, in white pine infected with annosus root rot (Fomes
annosus). GEORGIA - Heavy infestation of I. avulsus occurred in red pine
infested with D. frontalis (southern pine beetle) in Macon County. Activity of
Ips spp. about normal for this time of year in remainder of region (Georgia,
Alabama and Florida). (South. For. Pest Rptr., Feb.).

PALES WEEVIL (Hylobius pales) - NORTH CAROLINA - Active in vicinity of Wilmington,
New Hanover County, throughout winter and attacked loblolly pine seedlings in
mid-January that had been planted less than a month, (South, For. Pest Rptr.,
Feb.).

BALSAM WOOLLY APHID (Chermes piceae) - Surveys of native spruce-fir type in
NORTH CAROLINA and TENNESSEE to detect infestations are complete. Five areas of
infestation found: 3 in new locations and 2 in areas near where infestations
occurred previously. New locations: Haw Orchard Ridge on Roan Mountain, a new
center on Grandfather Mountain and an area near Cataloochee Knob in Great Smoky
Mountains National Park. Infestations detected adjacent to known infestations

- 176 -

included several groups of infested trees on Feeding Ridge north of Mount Sterling
in Great Smoky Mountains National Park. Infestation also detected in 2-acre
Fraser fir plantation near Blowing Rock, North Carolina. (South. For. Pest Rptr.,
Feb.).

NANTUCKET PINE TIP MOTH (Rhyacionia frustrana) - OKLAHOMA - Emergence of adults
90 percent complete in one pine plantation in Payne County. (Okla. Coop. Sur.).

CONIFER SAWFLIES (Neodiprion spp.) - ARKANSAS - Emergence of N. taedae linearis
heavy in northwest. Survival of material collected in southern area also good.
Weather has been favorable for oviposition, and larval infestations in spring of
1965 may be high. NORTH CAROLINA - Localized defoliation by N. lecontei (red-
headed pine sawfly) occurred at the Beech Creek seed orchard of National Forests.
(South. For. Pest Rptr.,Feb.).

TENT CATERPILLARS (Malacosoma spp.) - MINNESOTA - M. disstria (forest tent cater-
pillar) egg mass survey conducted in
Forest Tent Caterpillar central, north central and northeastern
Predicted Defoliation - 1965 districts during fall and winter of 1964-
1965. Total of 197 plots examined, using
3 aspen trees per plot. Approximately
3,400,000 acres found infested along
northern border of State. Approximately
300,000 acres classed as a heavy infesta-
tion, with severe defoliation expected in
1965. Of remaining area, 900,000 acres
classed as moderate and 2,200,000 acres
classed as lightly infested. (Minn. Ins.
Rpt.). See accompanying map. TEXAS -
Surveys for egg masses of M. disstria and
M. tigris on oaks conducted in Travis,
Hays, Comal, Kendall, Blanco, Burnet,
Lampasas, Hamilton and Coryell Counties.
Degree of Results indicate potentially damaging
defoliation numbers present. Counts ranged from
light (1-4 egg masses per tree) to heavy
Ml heavy (10-15 egg masses per tree). (Meisch).
Yi moderate
<> light SPRING CANKERWORM (Paleacrita vernata) -
INDIANA - Adult males emerged from beneath
silver maple at West Lafayette, Tippecanoe
County, February 28, (Chandler).

ELM LEAF BEETLE (Galerucella xanthomelaena)
NEW MEXICO - Adults, probably this species,
hibernating in and around buildings in
north Albuquerque, Bernalillo County.

(N.M, Coop. Rpt.).

CABBAGE LOOPER (Trichoplusia ni) - FLORIDA - Larvae light on leaves of chrysan-
themum (iceberg variety) at Punta Gorda, Charlotte County. (Walsh, Nelson,
Feb. 22).

A JUNIPER TWIG MOTH (Periploca nigra) - CALIFORNIA-- Medium and damaging on
juniper in Santa Rosa, Sonoma County. (Cal. Coop. Rpt.).

A PLUME MOTH (Platyptilia pica monticola) - CALIFORNIA - Light on geranium plants
in nursery at Bonsall, San Diego County. (Cal. Coop. Rpt.).

RUSTY PLUM APHID (Hysteroneura setariae) - ARIZONA - Heavy populations damaging
ornamentals in Phoenix, Maricopa County, area, Griz (Coopausum i.

- 177 -

APHIDS - NEW MEXICO - Cinara tujafilina moderate to heavy on arborvitae in Dona
Ana, Sierra and Bernalillo Counties. (N.M. Coop. Rpt.). CALIFORNIA - Probably
C. tujafilina medium locally on cypress, and Amphorophora nervata medium on
‘arbutus in Fresno, Fresno County. (Cal. Coop. Rpt.).

COCCIDS - MARYLAND - Lecanium nigrofasciatum (terrapin scale) infesting red maple
at University Park, Prince Georges County. (U. Md., Ent. Dept.). FLORIDA -
Ceroplastes cirripediformis (barnacle scale) and Aspidiotus lataniae taken on
rattanvine at East Palatka, Putnam County. (Graham, Feb. 24, Mar. 5). Howardia
biclavis (mining scale) taken on yaupon at Plant City, Hillsborough County.
ingaman, Custead, Feb. 22). Pseudococcus citri (citrus mealybug) taken on
Phyllanthus caroliniensis at Bartow, Polk County, and Phenacoccus solani taken
on Chenopodium botrys at Clermont, Lake County. (Anderson, Feb. 17, 24). All
stages of Pinnaspis aspidistrae (fern scale) taken on hopseedbush at Hobe Sound,
Baker County. (Campbell, Smith, Feb. 27). These are new host records for Florida
Division of Plant Industry. (Fla. Coop. Sur.). All stages of Protopulvinaria
pyriformis (pyriform scale) severe on leaves of 11 variegated ivy plants in
nursery at Clermont, Lake County. (Fatic, Feb. 24). All stages of Pseudaulacaspis
major severe on stem of_goldenrain-tree in nursery at Miami, Dade County.
Herrmann, Feb. 15). P. pentagona (white peach scale) severe on stems of 15
allamanda plants in nursery at Bradenton, Manatee County. (Bickner, Feb. 18).
ALABAMA - Extremely heavy populations of Fiorinia theae (tea scale) continue to
damage isolated camellia plantings in Henry County. Aspidiotus perniciosus (San
Jose scale) extremely heavy and damaging pyracanthas at a municipal building at
Guntersville, Marshall County. (McQueen). NEW MEXICO - Unaspis euonymi (euonymus
scale) light to heavy and damaging euonymus in Albuquerque area, Bernalillo
County. (N.M. Coop. Rpt.). COLORADO - Phenacaspis pinifoliae (pine needle scale)
heavy on blue spruce and pine along municipal parkways in Colorado Springs area,
El Paso County. (Hantsbarger). CALIFORNIA - Spilococcus cactearum heavy on
cactus nursery stock in San Diego, San Diego County. Parlatoria oleae (olive
scale) medium on Cregon-grape shrubs in Willows, Glenn County. P. pittospori
adults heavy on Cedrus sp. nursery stock, native holly and dracaena in La Mesa,
San Diego County. Diaspis boisduvalii heavy on cattleya orchids in nursery in
Lindsay, Tulare County. P. pinifoliae medium on pine trees in El Cajon, San Diego
County. (Cal. Coop. Rpt.).

GREENHOUSE WHITEFLY (Trialeurodes vaporariorum) - CALIFORNIA - Medium on pyra-
cantha nursery stock in Grover City, San Luis Obispo County, medium on eucalyptus
nursery stock in Los Altos, Santa Clara County, and medium on avocado in Fresno,
Fresno County. (Cal. Coop. Rpt.).

SPIDER MITES - CALIFORNIA - Oligonychus coniferarum nymphs and adults heavy on
arborvitae nursery stock in Westminster, and O. subnudus medium on Monterey pine
in Anaheim, Orange County. (Cal. Coop. Rpt.).

INSECTS AFFECTING MAN AND ANIMALS

CATTLE GRUBS (Hypoderma spp.) - COLORADO - H. lineatum (common cattle grub)
averaged 10 per head on untreated cattle in Cheyenne County and 20 per head on
untreated cattle in Las Animas County. (Hantsbarger). UTAH - Infestations of
Hypoderma spp. have been moderate in most Uintah County herds this winter,
(Bendixsen, Knowlton). Control program: on beef and dairy cattle underway in
Cache County. Infestations light to March 2. Dairy cattle treated as need
arises. Approximately 50 percent of dairy cattle and 60 percent of beef animals
will be treated. (Tueller, Knowlton). OKLAHOMA - H. lineatum averaged one
larva per head on steers in Payne County (north central); maximum count was 4 per
head, Numbers moderate on cattle in Bryan County (south central) and light in
Mayes County (northeast). Few adults active in Payne County (north central).
(Okla. Coop. sur.).

HORN FLY (Haematobia irritans) - ALABAMA - Counts ranged 2-5 on numerous beef
cattle in one Henry County herd. (Kimbrough et al.).

- 178 -

STATUS OF THE SCREW-WORM (Cochliomyia hominivorax) IN THE SOUTHWEST

No infestations have been reported in the Southwestern Eradication Area or the
State of Arizona since the last case in Live Oak County, Texas, in late January.
The Republic of Mexico, however, continues to report a number of cases. During
the week February 28 - March 6 these totaled 23; Sonora 15, Durango 1, and
Tamaulipas 7. Total sterile flies released: 2,086,250 in Texas, and 61,688,000
in Mexico.

Ratio of Positive Cases

Positive Cases Negative Cases to 100 Cases Negative
Year Current Cumulative Current Cumulative Current Cumulative
Table 1. Comparison of specimens reported during corresponding weeks in

1963 and 1964 in Southwestern Eradication Area.

1963 10 144 40 197 25.00 73.09

1964 0 (0) 43 283 0.00 0.00

1965 (0) 4 35 437 0.00 0.91
Table 2. Comparison of specimens reported during corresponding weeks and

in a corresponding area in 1964 in the United States-Mexico
Barrier Zone.*

1964 2 129 34 122 5.88 105.73
1965 22 395 13 250 169.23 158.00

Table 2A, Mexican portion of Barrier Zone only.

1964 1 125 5 44 20.00 284,09
1965 22 393 8 154 275.00 255.19

* Barrier Zone - Area in which screw-worm eradication operations are being
carried out in an effort to prevent establishment of self-sustaining screw-
worm population in the United States. (Anim. Dis. Erad. Div.).

HOUSE FLY (Musca domestica) - GEORGIA - Unusually heavy numbers emerging from
droppings of caged layers in Telfair County. (Johnson).

BLOW FLIES - UTAH - Moderately numerous about corral at Willard, Box Elder County;
common in Logan-Wellsville area of Cache County and at Slaterville in Weber County.
(Knowlton).

CATTLE LICE - UTAH - Unspecified species moderately numerous in many beef herds
in Uintah County. (Bendixsen, Knowlton). OKLAHOMA - Bovicola bovis (cattle
biting louse) heavy on cattle in Kay County (north central). Haematopinus
eurysternus (short-nosed cattle louse) present on steers in Payne County (north
central). Unspecified species heavy on cattle in Pushmataha and Choctaw Counties
(southeast) and Bryan County (south central), and light in Mayes County (north-
east). (Okla. Coop. Sur.). ARKANSAS - Infestations of various species lighter
than normal; light on most herds checked in northwest area. Heavy infestations
noted only on an occasional herd, (Ark. Ins. Sur.). NORTH CAROLINA - Unspecified
species of sucking lice severe on one calf and heavy on another calf randomly
chosen from beef herd in Johnston County pasture. Light numbers of B. bovis also
present. (Mount). rs

HOG LOUSE (Haematopinus suis) - OKLAHOMA - Heavy on hogs in Bryan County (south
central). Okla. Coop. Sur.).

- 179 -

BED BUG (Cimex lectularius) - NEVADA - Extremely heavy in home in Reno, Washoe
County, in January. (Ting).

PACIFIC COAST TICK (Dermacentor occidentalis) - CALIFORNIA - Infestations have
occurred in Calaveras, Ventura, Placer and El Dorado Counties. Horses, ponies,
beef cattle and dry dairy cows affected by paralysis; 4 cows died in Calaveras
County and 17 paralyzed and one dead in Ventura County. Ticks ranged 24 to 54
or more on infested animals. Rapid recovery resulted from removal of ticks.
Several deer carcasses reported from El Dorado and Fresno Counties. Presence
of ticks on these animals indicates wildlife also affected. (E. Loomis).

LONE STAR TICK (Amblyomma americanum) - OKLAHOMA - Numbers light on cattle in
Pushmataha County (Southeast), aS most have fed and dropped off. (Okla. Coop.
Sur.).

BROWN DOG TICK (Rhipicephalus Sanguineus) - DELAWARE - Infestations in homes
throughout winter have been very numerous. (Burbutis).

A TICK (Dermacentor sp.) - NEVADA - Troublesome in Reno area, Washoe County.
(Lauderdale).

VESPID WASPS (Vespa spp.) - UTAH - Active at Odgen, Weber County. (Knowlton).

HOUSEHOLD AND STRUCTURAL INSECTS

FACE FLY (Musca autumnalis) - SOUTH DAKOTA - Reported active in some homes.
(S.D. Ins. Newsltr.).

CLUSTER FLY (Pollenia rudis) - UTAH - Numerous at Slaterville, Weber County, and
on sunny wall of home at Logan, Cache County. (Knowlton).

ELM LEAF BEETLE (Galerucella xanthomelaena) - MARYLAND - Adults found in attic
of home in Emmitsburg, Frederick County. (U. Md., Ent. Dept., Feb. 22).

SAW-TOOTHED GRAIN BEETLE (Oryzaephilus surinamensis) - DELAWARE - Several infesta-
tions occurred in New Castle County homes during past 2 weeks. (Burbutis).

SUBTERRANEAN TERMITES (Reticulitermes spp.) - DELAWARE - First swarm of

R. flavipes (eastern subterranean termite) noted in New Castle County.
(Burbutis). MARYLAND - Reticulitermes spp. winged forms swarmed on properties
in Howard and Montgomery Counties. (U. Md., Ent. Dept.). NEW MEXICO - Large
numbers of winged forms noted near shopping center in Albuquerque, Bernalillo
County. (N.M. Coop. Rpt.). NEVADA - Several infestations of Reticulitermes spp.
reported in houses in Reno, Washoe County. (Coop. Rpt.).

CARPENTER ANTS (Camponotus spp.) - TEXAS - Light local infestations causing concern
to residents of Milam County. (Moore). OKLAHOMA - C. caryae a problem in home
in Payne County. (Okla. Coop. Sur.).

BOXELDER BUG (Leptocoris trivittatus) - UTAH - Infesting several homes in Salt
Lake City-Holladay area, Salt Lake County. (Knowlton) .

CLOVER MITE (Bryobia praetiosa) - ARIZONA - Migrating into homes in Phoenix area,
Maricopa County. (Ariz. Coop. Sur.). UTAH - Becoming numerous about some homes
at Brigham City, Box Elder County, (Feb. 27); and entering a few homes in Ogden,
Weber County, area. (Knowlton).

- 180 -

BENEFICIAL INSECTS

A LADY BEETLE (Coleomegilla maculata fuscilabris) - ALABAMA - Fifty specimens
taken from 5 of 30 woods trash samples collected in Henry County. (McQueen).

A BIG-EYED BUG (Geocoris punctipes) - ALABAMA - About 100 specimens collected
from 30 woods trash samples collected in Henry County. (McQueen).

STORED-PRODUCT INSECTS

Stored-grain Insects in Florida - Tribolium castaneum (red flour beetle),
Oryzaephilus surinamensis (Saw-toothed grain beetle) and Sitophilus oryzae (rice
weevil) heavy in stored grain at feed company in Ocala, Marion County. (Roberson,
Feb. 23).

POTATO TUBERWORM (Gnorimoschema operculellum) - SOUTH DAKOTA - Heavy infestation
observed in potato chip factory in Sioux Falls, Minnehaha County. Large numbers
of moths noted in conditioning room and numerous potatoes contained developing
larvae. (S.D. Ins. Newsltr.). MARYLAND - Moderately injured stored potatoes on
property in Anne Arundel County. (U. Md., Ent. Dept.).

MISCELLANEOUS INSECTS

A MARCH FLY (Dilophus orbatus) - CALIFORNIA - Larvae heavy locally in soil in
Escondido, San Diego County. (Cal. Coop. Rpt.).

CITRUS WHITEFLY (Dialeurodes citri) - CALIFORNIA - An additional 64 blocks in
city of Sacramento sprayed. More than two-thirds of treatment area now covered.
Post-spray inspections have not revealed any live whiteflies. No evidence of
spread found by grid inspection on periphery of infested area. At Fresno, Fresno
County, preliminary inspection within one-half mile radius of 38-block infested
area revealed no extension; outbreak may be relatively restricted. Treatment to
begin soon. (Cal. Coop. Rpt.).

MOURNING-CLOAK BUTTERFLY (Nymphalis antiopa) - UTAH - Emerged at Logan, Cache
County, and Salt Lake City, Salt Lake County. (Knowlton).

LIGHT TRAP COLLECTIONS

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HAWAIIAN INSECT NOTES

The following notes on Hawaii insect conditions were presented at the 709th and
710th meetingsof the Hawaiian Entomological Society held in January and February
1965, respectively.

A SCOLYTID BEETLE (Hypothenemus pubescens Hopkins) was recovered from Bermuda
grass at a residence on the Kona coast of the island of Hawaii on December 16,
1964, by C. Gaddis. This is a new island record for this species. This beetle
was first reported in the State from Maui and Molokai during November 1964 and
from Oahu on December 7, 1964. (H. Nakao, Jan. Meeting).

A single female of SOUTHERN HOUSE MOSQUITO (Culex pipiens quinquefasciatus Say)
was collected at 6,300 feet on Haleakala Crater at Paliku, Maui, on January 30.
Specimen taken sweeping vegetation in wet portion of crater. Specimen of this
mosquito also collected by sweeping at Keanakolu, Hawaii, at elevation of 5,200
feet during October 1964. It is not known whether southern house mosquito is
actually breeding at these elevations, but adults of Culex spp. have been
collected at Kilauea, Hawaii, for many years. (D. E. Hardy).

OLEANDER APHID (Aphis nerii Fonsc.) found heavily infesting leaves and shoots

of oleander (Nerium oleander) bushes about transformer installation at Campbell
Industrial Park, Barbers Point, Oahu, February 3. This is the first record of
this aphid in Hawaii. The known hosts include oleander, various species of
Asclepiadaceae (milkweeds, crownflower, etc.), Convolvulus spp. and Solanum spp.
Oleander aphid colonies found at Barbers Point were heavily parasitized by a
BRACONID WASP (Lysiphlebus testaceipes (Cresson)). The mumified aphids were

dark red in color. Numerous adults and larvae of a COCCINELLID BEETLE (Coelophora
inaequalis (F.)) were also present, preying upon oleander aphid. (J, W. Beardsley,
W. C. Mitchell, Ganesalingham).

An ARMORED SCALE (Neopinnaspis harperi McKenzie) collected on PuuKohahuanui Trail,
Oahu, at an elevation of 2,500 feet on September 1, 1953, is a new record for the
State. This bark infesting armored scale was collected on bark of Gouldia
terminalis by Mrs. Marion (Adachi) Kohn. (J. W. Beardsley).

SOUTHERN GREEN STINK BUG (Nezara viridula L.) damaged Chinese cabbage during
September 1964 at the Laumilo Experimental Farm, Kamuela, Hawaii, at an elevation
of 2,650 feet. This is the highest elevation at which this pest has been
recorded in the State. (W. C. Mitchell, F. McEven, Y. Takushi).

A CARPENTER ANT (Camponotus maculatus (F.)) was reported to be making nests in rolls
of "tape coat", an asphaltum coated fabric used in making splices in lead-sheathed
coaxial cables. Investigation showed that nest material was not "tape coat", but

a similar material, the source of which was unknown. Considerable damage from
SUBTERRANEAN TERMITES eating through the jacket of polyethylene cables was also
reported; this allowed water to enter the cable and short out circuits.

(W. C. Mitchell, M. V. King).

A FLAT BUG (Mezira membranacea (F.)) was collected from bark of Ohia trees on
December 29, 1964, at Kapoho, Hawaii. This is the first record of this aradid
bug from the island of Hawaii. (W. C. Mitchell, G. Santo).

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- 184 -

SUMMARY OF INSECT CONDITIONS IN THE UNITED STATES - 1964
(continued from page 168)

CEREAL AND FORAGE INSECTS (continued)

ALFALFA, CLOVER, SWEETCLOVER AND VETCH INSECTS

Highlights:

ALFALFA WEEVIL was the most important pest species of alfalfa during the 1964
season. It was reported from Indiana, Illinois, Missouri and Louisiana for the
first time this year, as well as from 89 new counties in 12 States. Damage by
this weevil ranged from light to severe throughout the Nation, with more damage
than usual being reported from several areas. Removal of certain chlorinated
hydrocarbons with long residuals from spray programs will pose problems in
finding effective controls for this pest. Populations of alfalfa weevil in the
spring of 1965 are expected to be high in Delaware, North Carolina and some
other sections. In Georgia and Alabama, alfalfa weevil has caused considerable
reduction in the planting of alfalfa and planning by growers for additional
acreages. CLOVER HEAD WEEVIL populations were high and losses were severe in
all white clover producing areas of Louisiana, and VETCH BRUCHID was widespread
and heavy in vetch-producing areas of Texas. PEA APHID was heavy on legumes in
north central and central Texas and locally heavy on alfalfa in eastern Kansas.
Infestations in Nevada and Wyoming were above 1963 levels. SPOTTED ALFALFA
APHID populations were heavier in Nevada than in 1963, and caused severe damage
in areas of Kansas, This aphid was found for the first time in Wyoming during
1964 and continued to spread in South Dakota. MEADOW SPITTLEBUG populations
were the highest ever reported in Minnesota, caused considerable dwarfing of
alfalfa in Michigan, and were again a problem on red and ladino clovers in
Maryland. POTATO LEAFHOPPER was of economic importance on alfalfa in Ohio,
Indiana, Michigan and Wisconsin, as well as in Missouri, Maryland and New Jersey.
THREE-CORNERED ALFALFA HOPPER was extremely heavy on alfalfa in areas of Arizona,
and LYGUS BUGS were heavy on seed alfalfa in the State during May, June and July,
requiring controls. VARIEGATED CUTWORM was heavy and widespread on vetch in
Texas, caused severe damage to alfalfa over Missouri, and was medium to heavy

on alfalfa in most areas of Arizona in the spring. CORN EARWORM was heavy in
southern Oklahoma where damage occurred to alfalfa.

ALFALFA WEEVIL (Hypera postica) extended its range in NEW HAMPSHIRE and now
occurs in 6 southern counties,but no instances of economic damage were observed
during the 1964 season, The weevil advanced northward through the southern
counties of VERMONT during the season to the northern boundaries of Rutland and
Windham Counties, with considerable damage to alfalfa occurring in Bennington
County. The first overwintered alfalfa weevil adults of the season in
MASSACHUSETTS were collected April 27, first eggs were observed May 5 and first-
generation adults began appearing about May 27. Alfalfa weevil was more abundant
in the State than in previous years and many fields of alfalfa that were not
treated in the fall of 1963 were severely damaged. Alfalfa weevil comprised
97.7 percent of all beetles collected and about 29 percent of all insects col-
lected in alfalfa during 1964. Fall oviposition by this pest was very light

in Massachusetts compared with the 1963 season. Alfalfa weevil larvae and
evidence of feeding in RHODE ISLAND became noticeable in Kingston, Washington
County, in late May, and reports indicated a statewide buildup to populations
greater than those observed in 1963,

A mild winter in NEW YORK resulted in a good carryover of alfalfa weevil and
spread of the pest during the 1964 season was more rapid than at any time since
1957. Alfalfa weevil is now found in Chatauqua, Essex and Cayuga Counties. In

- 185 -

all, 31 counties in the State are now known to be infested, but the focal point
remains the Hudson Valley. Infestations at Fishkill reached over 2,000 per sweep,
and in the lower Hudson Valley, treatment was essential if hay was to be harvested.
H. postica continued very damaging to alfalfa in NEW JERSEY. More damage occurred
during 1964 than in previous years and was probably due to a change in control
chemicals. This weevil also continued to cause heavy damage to alfalfa in
PENNSYLVANIA, with resistance to some insecticides becoming evident, especially

in areas where the pest has been established for some time. Heaviest infestations
occurred in the southern half of the State.

Early stage larvae of alfalfa weevil were feeding on alfalfa by March 14 in New
Castle County, DELAWARE, and by the third week in April some fields showed rather
heavy injury. Most untreated fields exhibited heavy injury to first-growth

alfalfa by the second week in May. Injury to second cutting was very variable

but generally light in most instances. A few larvae and some feeding injury were
noted during late August and early September in Delaware. Egg counts in one field
in New Castle County averaged 548 and 654 per 100 green and dead stems, respectively,
on November 27. A high spring population is forecast for this area in 1965.
Alfalfa weevil larval populations in MARYLAND were about normal in the spring,
causing moderate to heavy damage to unprotected first-growth alfalfa. In late

May and June, larvae and adults caused extensive damage to second-growth alfalfa

in eastern and central sections of Maryland. H. postica caused considerable

concern throughout VIRGINIA, especially on first and second cuttings of alfalfa.
First and second-stage larvae appeared in medium to heavy infestations, with a

few third and fourth instars reported. The pest was occaSionally observed on ladino
clover in Virginia. Lady beetles and damsel bugs were common in some infested
fields.

Alfalfa weevil caused extensive damage to alfalfa in the Piedmont area of NORTH
CAROLINA during the first half of April. This was due to the failure of growers
to follow through with recommended spring treatments for weevils resistant to
fall application of a chlorinated hydrocarbon. Control of alfalfa weevil in the
mountain counties of North Carolina was fair to good with fall applications,
Populations in the spring of 1965 are expected to be large due to the number of
alfalfa weevil adults in the field in the fall of 1964. Larvae of this weevil
were first observed during mid-March in northern GEORGIA. This insect has
caused almost complete elimination of the planting of alfalfa in the State.

When alfalfa weevil was first found in Georgia there were approximately 45,000
acres planted to alfalfa, but at the present time there are Iess than 10,000
acres in alfalfa. Infestations were generally absent to very low in fields
treated in the fall of 1963, but fields not treated at that time had heavy
infestations. Spring treatments in Georgia were mostly unsatisfactory. Alfalfa
weevil was found for the first time in Terrell County, Georgia, during the 1964
season. Alfalfa weevil has become widespread in ALABAMA, and damage to alfalfa
from 1960 to 1963 caused considerable reduction in alfalfa acreage in the State
and prevented growers from planning additional acreage. Damage to the remaining
acres of alfalfa during the 1964 season, except where control practices were
adopted, was heavy.

Alfalfa weevil was reported for the first time in LOUISIANA during the 1964
season when 7 specimens were collected from crimson clover in East Feliciana
Parish during April. This weevil was reported for the first time during 1964
in Craighead, Greene, Poinsett, Randolph,Cross and Lee Counties, ARKANSAS, and
although it is now known to occur in 10 counties in the State, little damage
occurred this season.

Alfalfa weevil was found in 18 additional counties in OHIO during the 1964 season,
making a total of 48 counties now known to be infested in the State. Severe
damage occurred in about 15 counties during the season from Mahoning in the

north to Lawrence in the south. Alfalfa weevil is apparently still absent in
MICHIGAN, aS no specimens were collected during 1964, but the species was
collected for the first time in INDIANA, being taken in 10 counties in that

State. In each instance where alfalfa weevil was collected in Indiana,

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there was no evidence of economic damage and generally only one or two specimens
were obtained in each field. In no instance did numbers exceed one adult or
larva per 500 sweeps with a 15-inch net. Alfalfa weevil was also found for the
first time in ILLINOIS during the year, being collected near Cave in Rock in
Hardin County on April 24. Adult populations varied 1-10 per 100 sweeps and
larvae varied 0-1.4 per sweep during May and early June. Neither adults nor
larvae of this curculionid were found from June 29 to November 10 when a single
adult was taken in 500 sweeps. Between April 24 and June 12, a total of 29
counties in Illinois was found infested with this pest of alfalfa, but no
economic damage occurred this season, The first report of this pest in MISSOURI
was recorded in Pemiscot County on April 29, 1964, and surveys during the season
revealed that the weevil was present in 21 counties in the southeastern corner
of the State. Counts of 200 per 100 sweeps were recorded in Pemiscot County,
80-100 per 100 sweeps in Dunklin, New Madrid and Mississippi Counties, and 0-5
per 100 sweeps in other infested Missouri counties.

First adults and eggs of alfalfa weevil for the 1964 season in WASHINGTON were
found in Whitman and Asotin Counties late in April. Adults were abundant by mid-
June and all larval stages were present by early July. This is the second

season that damage from this weevil has occurred in Washington. This pest of
alfalfa appeared early in the season in that crop in CALIFORNIA and remained
present well into the summer. The southern limit of this weevil in California is
in Fresno and San Luis Obispo Counties. Alfalfa weevil infestations and damage
to alfalfa were widespread in NEVADA this season. Females remained gravid longer
than usual, resulting in an uneven and extended hatch from April into July.

Peak larval populations and damage occurred early in July. Damage in Nevada
during 1964 was increased due to lack of adult and larval controls and crop
injury caused by a larvicide. Alfalfa weevil damage to first and second-crop
alfalfa was generally light in UTAH, but was severe over limited areas, with
little control being applied on the hay crop. As the season was very late in

the State this year, damage to the Second crop, as usual, was generally more
severe than to the first crop.

Alfalfa weevil was found for the first time in Taos County, NEW MEXICO, during
the 1964 season. This snout beetle, along with several other pests, caused
reduction in yield of alfalfa in northeastern COLORADO this year, was not a
problem on this crop in the southeastern section of the State, but did cause
light to moderate loss to alfalfa in the southwest. In western Colorado, most
loss to alfalfa was due to alfalfa weevil and pea aphid (Acyrthosiphon pisum).
Adults were controlled early in the season on alfalfa stubble before egg laying
was underway in the western counties of Mesa, Montrose, Delta and Garfield, where
insecticides have been incorporated with commercial fertilizers and have worked
with good results during the past two seasons. Removal of chlorinated hydro-
carbons with long residuals from spray programs will present a problem in finding
effective control of this pest. Larval control has never been too successful
from the standpoint of spraying because of so many other demands on the time of
growers, Loss from alfalfa weevil larvae was 1-2 percent in Mesa, Montrose,
Delta and Garfield Counties. This is considered as light. Alfalfa weevil was
not considered to be an important pest of alfalfa in the Arkansas Valley of
Colorado during 1964. Larvae averaged less than 10 per 100 sweeps in most fields
checked in Bent, Otero, Crowley and Pueblo Counties. In a few fields in Pueblo
County, larvae did reach levels of 100 per 100 sweeps, but these were only
isolated instances.

Alfalfa weevil was again the most damaging crop pest in WYOMING at it was in
1963; however, damage was not as severe in 1964 as it was in 1963. Adults were
first noted in the northern area of the State on April 21, larvae first appeared
in the area in late May and increased steadily until counts were as high as
3,000 per 100 sweeps in Big Horn County. Damage was not as severe in southern
areas of Wyoming where the highest number of larvae was 1,500 per 100 sweeps in
Goshen County. The greatest damage during 1964 was to second-cutting alfalfa.
Alfalfa weevil larval populations in Lawrence County, SOUTH DAKOTA, about June 6

- 188 -

ranged 193-385 per 100 sweeps, with adult counts ranging 4-12 per 100 sweeps.
This pest was reported for the first time from Haakon, Mellette, Todd, Jones and
Washabaugh Counties, South Dakota, during the 1964 season. Damage to alfalfa by
this curculionid was confined mainly to the Black Hills area of South Dakota,
with fringe areas showing no evident damage. This pest extended its range east-—
ward into central NEBRASKA this season with adults being observed for the first
time in Custer County. Counts were light to moderate during the season and most
damage was held in check by cropping practices. Alfalfa weevil populations
remained at trace levels in KANSAS during 1964, but the pest was found for the
first time in Gray County.

A WEEVIL (Hypera brunneipennis) infested alfalfa at various locations over
CALIFORNIA during the season. Medium to heavy populations of this weevil caused
moderate damage to alfalfa in ARIZONA in Yuma County and in areas of Maricopa
and Pinal Counties, with peak populations occurring from late March to early
April. Parasites were effective in reducing populations to noneconomic levels
in many fields in Arizona.

CLOVER LEAF WEEVIL (Hypera punctata) infestations on alfalfa appeared early in
various locations over CALIFORNIA. Larval activity was light in eastern and
northeastern areas of NEBRASKA during April and May on legumes, and the weevil
caused damage to second cuttings in KANSAS, particularly in the south central
area of the State. Clover leaf weevil larvae ranged 1-10 per crown in fields
of alfalfa and clover in the southern half of MISSOURI in early May, with 50-75
percent of larvae infected with a fungus disease. By mid-May, these populations
had decreased to counts of less than 1 per 5 crowns to none observed. Larval
populations of this weevil were fairly light (3-16 per square foot) in northern
and eastern areas of ILLINOIS, but were moderate (3-56 per square foot) in west-
ern and southwestern areas of the State. Damage to clover was moderate and an
estimated 11,224 acres were treated this season, Clover leaf weevil was very
light on clover at locations in VIRGINIA where it occurred during the 1964
season, and larvae were rather common on clover in DELAWARE during the early
spring when injury was noticeable in a few fields in New Castle and Kent Counties.
In ALABAMA, clover leaf weevil damaged crimson and white clovers.

LESSER CLOVER LEAF WEEVIL (Hypera nigrirostris) caused some damage to crimson
clover in ALABAMA and was the major cause of damage to white clover in the State.
This weevil was noted on legume crops in MISSOURI during the past season, and
caused heavy damage to red clover in Lyon County, NEVADA, in late May and June.

CLOVER HEAD WEEVIL (Hypera meles) was a major pest of crimson clover in ALABAMA
during the 1964 season and was numerous on this crop during April in ARKANSAS.

In LOUISIANA, populations were high in all white clover seed producing areas and
caused severe losses where control measures were not practiced. Adult populations
on fields of untreated white clover in central parishes peaked at more than one
per sweep during the first week of April and declined thereafter. Infestations

of heads of white clover in this area of Louisiana ranged 27-100 percent by mid-
April in untreated fields.

SWEETCLOVER WEEVIL (Sitona cylindricollis) was found for the first time in Rio
Arriba County, NEW MEXICO, where it infested alfalfa. Adult populations of this
curculionid damaged sweetclover in some fields in NEBRASKA during late May and
early June, and caused moderate damage to sweetclover in southeastern NORTH DAKOTA
early in the 1964 season. Migrating adults of sweetclover weevil were unusually
abundant in Whitman County, WASHINGTON, during August.

Several species of weevils, mainly CLOVER ROOT CURCULIO (Sitona hispidula),
damaged several fields of soybeans following clover in ILLINOIS during June.

An estimated 1,020 acres were treated for these pests. Examination of alfalfa
roots of various ages in MISSOURI showed a yearly increase of feeding scars by
larvae of this weevil, with counts averaging 9.4, 8.1 and 7.6 per root in Greene,
Howell and Saline Counties, respectively. Adults of clover root curculio ranged

- 189 -

3-11 per 10 sweeps in legumes in NEBRASKA during late August and early September,
and adults of another WEEVIL (Sitona scissifrons) were present in light numbers
on legumes in the State but caused only minor damage. First adults of CLOVER
SEED WEEVIL (Miccotrogus picirostris) emerged from duff in uncultivated fields
in southeastern WASHINGTON in late May, with migration into white clover fields
being delayed about 3 weeks due to cool weather. In ILLINOIS, a CLOVER WEEVIL
(Tychius stephensi) was found for the first time in Marshall County during the
1964 season.

PEA WEEVIL (Bruchus pisorum) was responsible for the production of poor stands
of Canadian field peas in several fields in ALASKA because of the high degree of
damage caused to seed which was infested when imported into the State. This
pest was about normal in UTAH during the season. VETCH BRUCHID (Bruchus
brachialis) populations were widespread and heavy in the vetch-producing areas
of TEXAS during 1964.

A SPOTTED CUCUMBER BEETLE (Diabrotica undecimpunctata tenella) was of only minor
economic importance in alfalfa throughout NEW MEXICO this year. A COLASPIS
(Colaspis sp.) was observed infesting legumes in MISSOURI during the 1964 growing
season, and first adults of Colaspis sp. of the season in ILLINOIS were observed
on alfalfa in Marion. County on June 29. Populations of this pest were low on
alfalfa, clover and other crops with no damage being observed. In VIRGINIA, a
FLEA BEETLE (Systena taeniata) was of concern on alfalfa.

Populations of BLISTER BEETLES, mostly ASH-GRAY BLISTER BEETLE (Epicauta
fabricii) and BLACK BLISTER BEETLE (E. pennsylvanica), ranged light to heavy and
were common in alfalfa in many areas of NORTH DAKOTA during 1964. Adults of
black blister beetle appeared in alfalfa in southern WISCONSIN late in July and
numbers increased rapidly; however, although high numbers were present, they
were still somewhat lower than in 1963. Populations of black blister beetle,
MARGINED BLISTER BEETLE (E. pestifera), ash-gray blister beetle and a STRIPED
BLISTER BEETLE (Epicauta sp.) were low on alfalfa in ILLINOIS until August, when
counts of 4 per sweep were found. In some instances, cattle were reluctant to
eat "greenchop."' In NEBRASKA, counts of Epicauta spp. ranged 2-6 per 10 sweeps
in legumes throughout the season. Epicauta sp. was present and caused little
damage in OKLAHOMA, but unspecified blister beetles caused some damage to crimson
clover in ALABAMA. Black blister beetle and a striped blister beetle (Epicauta
sp.) were medium on alfalfa in locations where they occurred in VIRGINIA during
the 1964 season.

PEA APHID (Acyrthosiphon pisum) ranged up to .9 per tip on alfalfa in late April
in Walla Walla and Yakima Counties, WASHINGTON, with a few alates present. Alates
built up in late August and all stages were numerous in some fields by mid-
September. Infestations of this aphid occurred early in the season on alfalfa at
various locations throughout CALIFORNIA. Pea aphid infestations in NEVADA were
above the 1963 level, with treatments required or applied in Lincoln, Lyon, Nye,
Pershing and White Pine Counties. Light to medium populations of pea aphid were
predominant in alfalfa in ARIZONA during spring growth, peaking during late
April. These reduced infestations caused little damage to early spring alfalfa
in the State this season. Pea aphid was mostly light and spotted in alfalfa over
NEW MEXICO, except for several fields near Fort Sumner, De Baca County, which
required treatment, and several fields near La Plata, San Juan County, where
damage from this aphid was noted.

Pea aphid, in combination with other insect species, caused reductions in alfafa
yields in northeastern COLORADO during 1964. Losses in this area ranged 5-15
percent, with most caused by pea aphid. Considerable loss to second-cutting
alfalfa was also sustained in this same area of the State. Pea aphidcaused some
damage to second and third cuttings of alfalfa in southeastern Colorado, where
losses from this aphid and other alfalfa pests also ranged 5-15 percent. Pea
aphid, in combination with alfalfa weeyil (Hypera postica) caused slight to
moderate losses to alfalfa in southwestern Colorado, but pea aphid was again
responsible for most of the loss in this area. Alfalfa seed production was

- 190 -

reduced by this aphid in the western portion of the State during 1964. Popula-—
tions were light on first cutting of alfalfa in Mesa, Montrose, Delta and Garfield
Counties, building up to high numbers on the second cutting in July. Predator
populations which built up 2 weeks behind pea aphid aided in the control of the
large aphid population in these counties. The principal predator was CONVERGENT
LADY BEETLE (Hippodamia convergens), but chemical controls were used in some fields.
Generally, pea aphid did not develop high populations on alfalfa in the Arkansas
Valley of Colorado during 1964. During the latter part of June, populations
reached an average high of 2,000 per 100 sweeps and varied 50-7,000 per 100
sweeps. Thereafter, populations in the Arkansas Valley declined rapidly and pea
aphid existed only in small numbers. Pea aphid populations in WYOMING during

1964 slightly exceeded those present in the State during the 1963 season.

First specimens in 1964 were collected May 20 in the northwest area of the State
and increased steadily until mid-July when counts averaged 3,500 per 100 sweeps

in northern areas and 2,450 per 100 sweeps in southeastern and southwestern areas.
The most severe damage in Wyoming during 1964 was found in Natrona County where
some control was necessary.

Pea aphid did not reach damaging proportions in NORTH DAKOTA during the 1964
season. In WISCONSIN, eggs hatched by April 9 near Brodhead, Green County, and
aphids were about half grown a week later. Stem mothers were nearly mature by
April 24 and many were forming embryos. Pea aphid populations were as high as
100 per sweep in alfalfa in this area by May 8. On October 9, populations as
high as 1,000 per sweep on alfalfa were noted, and eggs were being laid by
October 16. Adult and nymphal populations of pea aphid increased markedly in
regrowth alfalfa in many areas of lower MICHIGAN in early September and continued
high into October, with an average of 40 per sweep being taken in Ingham and
Livingston Counties on September 8. Pea aphid was of minor importance in OHIO
during the 1964 season.

Pea aphid populations in INDIANA reached maximum densities by mid-July and
rapidly decreased thereafter. Maximum populations in alfalfa, averaging 60 or
more adults and nymphs per sweep, were observed in northeastern and north central
sections of the State, but even these populations were generally noneconomic.

Pea aphid populations were generally light throughout ILLINOIS this year. Popu-
lations as high as 200 per sweep in the southern half of the State and as high

as 280 per sweep in the northern area were found just prior to removal of the
first cutting of hay. It is questionable whether any treatments were justified
in Illinois during the season but an estimated 15,110 acres were treated. Pea
aphid counts in MISSOURI ranged 1,000-30,000 per 100 sweeps in southwestern,
southeastern and south central areas of the State during the early spring, but
dropped rapidly about the latter part of May and remained low the remainder of
the 1964 season. Pea aphid populations were very low on legumes in NEBRASKA
throughout the season with no economic damage reported, and populations were
locally heavy in areas in the eastern half of KANSAS in the spring of 1964 as they
were in 1963.

Pea aphid was present on overwintering alfalfa in OKLAHOMA, but counts remained
very low from January through mid-April. Populations increased during late
April until limited spraying was necessary and continued to increase until mid-
May. At this time, numbers began decreasing until activity ceased in late June.
Pea aphid was first noted in ARKANSAS on March 13 and counts were high by April
15, but decreased as temperatures rose. Numbers were again high in Arkansas

in early November. Heavy populations of pea aphid occurred on legumes in
northern and north central areas of TEXAS during the 1964 season.

Infestations of pea aphid ranged from very light to light on alfalfa and clover
in various parts of VIRGINIA, and numbers were slightly below normal in MARYLAND,
with populations over the 100-per-sweep level occurring in a moderate number of
fields in all sections of the State from May through August. In DELAWARE, popu-
lations of this aphid were rather high, ranging 500-1,000 per 100 sweeps on
alfalfa in many areas by mid-April. Numbers continued to increase in Delaware
and by late April to mid-May populations ranged 200-2,000 per 100 sweeps in

- 191 -

many fields. High populations of pea aphid built up on alfalfa in PENNSYLVANIA
during April, causing some damage, but were then practically eliminated by fungus
disease and parasites. Pea aphid populations were very low in NEW JERSEY early

in the 1964 season but increased later in some areas. Generally, pea aphid was
somewhat heavier on alfalfa in the State this year than it was in 1963. Pea aphid
was very common on alfalfa and alfalfa mixtures statewide in RHODE ISLAND, but
parasitized individuals were numerous in all infested fields observed. Popula-
tions on alfalfa in MASSACHUSETTS were relatively low until mid-June. By the end
of the 1964 season, however, this pest had increased until it composed 49.9
percent of all insects collected from alfalfa in Massachusetts this year.

SPOTTED ALFALFA APHID (Therioaphis maculata) infestations were slightly heavier
in ARKANSAS this year than they were in 1963, probably because of dry weather.
Numbers were much lower in the eastern portion of the State than in the western
area. Counts were zero in the early part of the year, following cold weather,
but first infestations were found during March. Numbers decreased during heavy
rains in August, then increased during the dry weather of October and November
in the northwest section of Arkansas, Spotted alfalfa aphid infestations in
TEXAS were similar to those that occurred in 1963 with little significant damage.
In OKLAHOMA, light populations of this pest were present on overwintering alfalfa
in most areas during January, but cold weather reduced populations which
remained low until late April. Spotted alfalfa aphid increased during May and
June in Oklahoma and began damaging alfalfa in some areas. In other areas of
the State, very little increase was evident and numbers remained low on alfalfa
throughout the season, Activity of this aphid declined in early October and
infestations were light to absent in most areas by mid-November. In MISSOURI,
the highest counts of spotted alfalfa aphid ranged 1,000-2,500 per 100 sweeps in
the southwest area during late May.

Spotted alfalfa aphid appeared in southern KANSAS in early April, but was not
found in the northern portion of the State until late June or July. By late
July, populations were building up sufficiently to cause severe damage in central
and southern areas of Kansas. Growers cut most fields early to reduce damage
rather than relying on sprays. First infestations of this aphid were found in
mid-April in NEBRASKA. Populations remained low in all areas until mid-July,
then fluctuated throughout the remainder of the season. Very few problems of
economic significance were found in Nebraska during the 1964 season, although
numbers in the panhandle area were higher than in previous years.

First specimens of spotted alfalfa aphid for the 1964 season in ILLINOIS were
found April 28 in Macoupin and Adams Counties. Populations were low in alfalfa
in southern and western areas until October when unseasonably warm, dry weather
permitted a late season builup to as many as 800 per sweep in early November.
Overall populations of this aphid in WISCONSIN decreased somewhat in 1964.

This was attributed to dispersal into previously uninfested fields of alfalfa.
As in 1963, the population peak in Wisconsin did not occur until mid-October.
Eggs were hatching by April 16 and winged forms appeared by May 7. Spotted
alfalfa aphid populations were low in Wisconsin throughout the summer and never
increased substantially until October. Dispersal was well underway by late May
and continued throughout the summer of 1964. First sexual forms appeared during
the first week of October. Counts per sweep in an observation field near
Brodhead, Green County, peaked at approximately 900 per sweep during the period
October 15-22. At this same time in 1963, peak counts in this same field were
approximately 1,500 per sweep. Egg counts per alfalfa stem in the Brodhead area
of Wisconsin reached a high of slightly under 20 per stem October 4-19, 1964,
and at the same time in 1963 the high count was 80 per stem on October 19.
Spotted alfalfa aphid continued to spread into new areas of SOUTH DAKOTA during
the 1964 season and first specimens of the year were collected May 2. This
collection date is approximately 2 weeks earlier than that of 1963. This insect
was found for the first time in Bennett, Washabaugh, Haakon, Lake, Moody, Deuel
and Brown Counties for the first time during 1964. Populations never reached
economic levels in South Dakota even though present throughout most of the season.
Sexual forms of spotted alfalfa aphid were collected as early as October 12

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in Union County. Other collections of sexual forms were made in Hutchinson,
Clark and Lake Counties.

Spotted alfalfa aphid was detected in WYOMING for the first time during 1964 when
specimens were collected in a field of alfalfa at Torrington, Goshen County, on
October 14. In southeastern COLORADO, spotted alfalfa aphid caused some loss to
second and third cuttings of alfalfa, and was a problem on newly seeded alfalfa
during August and September. Losses to alfalfa in this area ranged 5-15 percent,
due to this aphid and several other pests of this crop. Trace numbers of spotted
alfalfa aphid occurred in alfalfa in the western portion of Colorado in Mesa,
Montrose, Delta and Garfield Counties, but numbers remained light all season.
Spotted alfalfa aphid was first found in the Arkansas Valley area of Colorado in
fields south of Swink, Otero County, on July 2 when counts ranged 1-2 per 100
sweeps. It is very likely this pest would have been found earlier, had surveys
been conducted in Baca County. Populations of this aphid averaged 2,500 per 100
sweeps the first part of September, with extremes of 5,000-6,000 per 100 sweeps.
Very little damage occurred to established stands ofalfalfa in the Arkansas
Valley this season although in some areas newly planted stands of this host were
destroyed. In NEW MEXICO, only an occasional infestation of spotted alfalfa
aphid built up to the point where chemical controls were necessary during the
1964 season, and mostly in the Pecos Valley. Spotted alfalfa aphid infestations
were generally light in alfalfa during the year in ARIZONA, with peak infestations
occurring during April and again in October. Only small, scattered infestations
of the pest caused concern in Yuma, Maricopa and Pinal Counties.

Spotted alfalfa aphid populations were heavier in central counties of NEVADA than
they had been during the previous 2 years. Populations of the pest were below
normal in the extreme south, but in areas of Churchill, Esmeralda, Eureka, Nye
and White Pine Counties, infestations required controls, especially in the fall.
Spotted alfalfa aphid infested alfalfa at various locations over CALIFORNIA early
in the 1964 season.

CLOVER APHID (Anuraphis bakeri) caused sticky seed in several red clover seed
fields in Humboldt County, NEVADA, and unspecified APHIDS caused some damage to
red and white clovers in ALABAMA during the 1964 season.

MEADOW SPITTLEBUG (Philaenus spumarius) populations that were present in the
Wabasha, Winona and Houston Counties, MINNESOTA, during May and early June were
the highest ever reported in the State. Counts averaged nearly one per stem in
some fields of alfalfa, but after the first cutting, populations were low and
remained so the rest of the 1964 season. Eggs of meadow spittlebug hatched

in WISCONSIN by May 1, and populations averaged about 5 per 10 stems a week later,
being highest in southwestern counties. Adults appeared in Wisconsin about

June 12, but good growth of alfalfa minimized damage, Infestations of this pest
were very light in most areas of ILLINOIS this season. A fall survey showed a
small area in the northwest section of State with light to moderate infestations
present. It is questionable whether any treatments were justified in Illinois,
except in this area; however, an estimated 19,933 acres were treated. Most of
this acreage was outside the more heavily infested area and probably was treated
at an economic loss to the farmers.

Nymphal populations of meadow spittlebug reached economic levels in INDIANA during
the 1964 season primarily in the central section of the State where nymphal
masses on alfalfa averaged 15 per 10 stems. Populations also approached economic
levels in southwestern Indiana, reaching an average density of 8 spittle masses
per 10 stems. Adult populations were insignificant in Indiana this season.

Over 50 percent of the meadow spittlebug populations in alfalfa and clover fields
in southwest MICHIGAN emerged as adults during the week ending June 12, at which
time more than 25 adults per sweep were taken from some fields in Van Buren
County. These high populations had caused considerable dwarfing injury to
alfalfa terminal growth earlier in the season. Injury by this pest was also
reported from Ionia, Muskegon, Tuscola, Sanilac, Osceola and Leelanau Counties.

In OHIO, meadow spittlebug, populations were at low to moderate levels over most
of the State during 1964, with the first hatch almost 2 weeks later than usual.

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Meadow spittlebug infestations ranged from very light to light on alfalfa and
clover throughout VIRGINIA, but were again a problem on red and ladino clovers
in western and central sections of MARYLAND during the year. This pest caused
very little or no damage to hay crops in NEW JERSEY during 1964, and although
present statewide in RHODE ISLAND, was less conspicuous than in 1963. Infesta-
tions appeared late in Rhode Island and built up slowly. In NEW YORK, first
spittle masses were found May 3 in Jefferson County. These bugs had probably
emerged from eggs a day or two earlier, and had probably appeared a week earlier
in the Hudson Valley. Spittlebugs, although numerous, were not as widespread
or as heavy in numbers as on previous occasions. Locally serious infestations
did occur in the Hudson Valley and in western and the Finger Lakes areas of

New York this season. In MASSACHUSETTS, heavy populations of unspecified
SPITTLEBUGS were noted in western counties during the season.

POTATO LEAFHOPPER (Empoasca fabae) was damaging to second and third cuttings of
alfalfa over the entire State of OHIO during 1964. Damage, however, was some-
what spotted and drought made it difficult to determine the exact amount of
injury. First adults of the season in MICHIGAN were collected in late May from
Livingston and Monroe Counties. Populations of this leafhopper built up and
were heavy in late June in Monroe and Allegan Counties. High populations con-—
tinued in many areas of Lower Michigan during July and August on alfalfa and
other crops. Economic populations of potato leafhopper again occurred in many
areas of INDIANA. This species was most abundant during 1964 in the northwest
section of the State, reaching maximum populations of 12 adults per sweep by mid-
June and then gradually declining. Populations of potato leafhopper in the
central east-to-west third of the State remained stable through July, averaging
about 3 adults per sweep, then declined somewhat in August. Lowest populations
were observed in the southern third of Indiana, particularly in the southeast
section. The most significant damage to alfalfa by this pest developed during
late August to mid-September, reflecting the drought conditions experienced
throughout the Hoosier State during 1964. The first potato leafhopper specimen
of the season in ILLINOIS was taken in a light trap at Urbana on March 27, and
first specimens swept from alfalfa were taken in Hardin and Johnson Counties in
the southern area of the State on April 24. Main migrations of potato leafhopper
into Illinois during 1964 occurred May 10-15. Very light to severe yellowing
was observed in 25 percent of alfalfa in the west, west-southwest and central
districts during the period July 6-9. Yellowing was noticed in the northern
sections of the State July 27-30. An estimated 25,650 acres of alfalfa were
treated for the control of potato leafhopper in Illinois during the 1964 season.

Potato leafhopper adults began appearing in light traps in WISCONSIN the first
week in May and in alfalfa by May 29. Yellowed margins in fields of alfalfa were
first noted by June 19. Populations of potato leafhopper were as high as 100
per sweep in localized areas of Wisconsin, and some alfalfa was treated. This
pest was abundant through September and persisted until October 23. Potato leaf-
hopper infestations ranged 2-22 per 10 sweeps in alfalfa in NEBRASKA, but no
damage to this crop was reported this year. Heavy numbers of potato leafhopper
built up throughout MISSOURI generally on second and third-cutting alfalfa this
season. Counts per 100 sweeps on this crop ranged from 2-7 in the southeast on
May 9 to 100-200 in the southwest and west central areas on August 1, and 200

per 100 sweeps in the northwest on August 20. Overwintering populations of
potato leafhopper ranging 10-40 per 100 sweeps were common on burclover and
waxmyrtle in the Baton Rouge area of LOUISIANA during December.

The first noticeable infestations of potato leafhopper in MARYLAND occurred during
late June on alfalfa in Frederick and Queen Annes Counties. Yellowing of alfalfa
was observed in all sections of Maryland during July and August. This leafhopper
is the most important midsummer pest of alfalfa in Maryland. Potato leafhopper
was present on alfalfa and soybeans in DELAWARE during early July, but was con-
siderably more numerous on these and other crops during late July and early
August. Potato leafhopper caused yellowing of alfalfa in some areas of
PENNSYLVANIA during late June, and was again quite severe in NEW JERSEY during the
season with great numbers being found on alfalfa. Potato leafhopper was also
active in legume hay fields in VERMONT where it caused some yellowing.

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Leafhoppers represented 10.1 percent of all insects collected from alfalfa in
MASSACHUSETTS during the 1964 season, with potato leafhopper, PAINTED LEAFHOPPER
(Endria inimica), CLOVER LEAFHOPPER (Aceratagallia sanguinolenta) and Errastunus
ocellaris being the most abundant in the order named. Potato leafhopper was not
as abundant in the early part of the season as is usual. In RHODE ISLAND,
Athysanus argentarius and Doratura stylata were very numerous in hay in the
Kingston area of Washington County during midsummer. Populations of SIX-SPOTTED
LEAFHOPPER (Macrosteles fascifrons) were very low in NEBRASKA causing no major
damage in legumes this season. Clover leafhopper was about average in UTAH
during 1964. Heavy populations of a LEAFHOPPER (Empoasca mexara), ranging up to
1,500 per 100 sweeps, caused late summer injury to alfalfa in Yuma County,
ARIZONA. Peak populations were reached during August and early September.

E. mexara was found for the first time in CALIFORNIA in 1964 when it was found
infesting alfalfa in Imperial County.

THREE-CORNERED ALFALFA HOPPER (Spissistilus festinus) infested alfalfa at several
locations in the San Joaquin Valley of CALIFORNIA this past season. This species
has not been a pest in this area of the State previously. Extremely heavy
infestations of this membracid occurred in alfalfa in western and central areas
of ARIZONA, where severe girdling damaged many fields during 1964. Counts in
these areas ranged as high as 4,000-6,000 per 100 sweeps. Moderate infestations
of this pest occurred in the eastern portion of Arizona. In UTAH this membracid
was about average this season. Three-cornered alfalfa hopper was light through-
out the growing season in OKLAHOMA, with highest counts occurring in early
October. In TEXAS, six-spotted alfalfa hopper infestations occurred on alfalfa
in the Brazos-Burleson County area, with locally heavy infestations reported in
the upper gulf coast region of the State.

LYGUS BUGS (Lygus spp.) were first noted in alfalfa in OKLAHOMA during mid-March,
and by mid-May, infestations were common in most fields. Populationsincreased to
heavy only in isolated areas for short periods during the 1964 season, but
activity did continue until mid-November. lLygus bugs caused some loss to alfalfa
yields in southeastern COLORADO and were responsible for reduction in alfalfa
seed production in the western portion of the State. Populations of these bugs
on alfalfa in the Arkansas Valley developed early in June when counts varied
200-300 per 100 sweeps, after which numbers declined. Precautionary sprays were
applied to many fields of alfalfa in this area of Colorado. Populations of

lygus bugs in alfalfa-seed crops in WYOMING during the 1964 season were comparable
with those present in 1963. Slight damage from these pests occurred in all areas
of the State, with greatest damage being noted in the Fremont County area. First
specimens appeared in the northern portion of Wyoming on May 19 and increased
until mid-August when an average of 250 adults and nymphs per 100 sweeps was
found. The bugs were first noted in the southern area of the State on May 7

and counts increased steadily until early August, at which time adults and

nymphs averaged 220 per 100 sweeps. Lygus bugs were moderate on alfalfa late

in the 1964 season in southeastern NORTH DAKOTA.

First adults of Lygus hesperus and L. elisus were noted on alfalfa in WASHINGTON
by early May. Development was delayed by cool weather, with only one adult per
sweep on alfalfa in Franklin County by late June. In late July, however, counts
of these bugs were up to 13 per sweep in reinfested portions of treated fields

of alfalfa in Franklin County, Washington. Lygus bugs required considerable
control treatment in nearly all forage crops in CALIFORNIA during 1964. Popula-—
tions of lygus bugs were normal on seed alfalfa in NEVADA this year. Infestations
were heavy on seed alfalfa in ARIZONA during May, June and July, requiring some
chemical controls, and migrations to cotton were heavy this season in Arizona.

PLANT BUGS were about as abundant as usual on alfalfa in MASSACHUSETTS, compris-—
ing 5.2 percent of all insects found on this crop in 1964, Of these plant bugs,
TARNISHED PLANT BUG (Lygus lineolaris) numbered 65 percent. First adults of
tarnished plant bug for the season in DELAWARE were noted on alfalfa on April 16.
By late May and throughout June, adults were rather common on this crop,
apparently reaching peak numbers during early to mid-July when populations

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averaged one per sweep in many areas of Delaware. Tarnished plant bug was
abundant again in MARYLAND this season in fields of alfalfa and clover, especially
in fields in or near blossom. Tarnished plant bug caused some damage to crimson
and white clovers in ALABAMA during 1964, and was noted on legumes in MISSOURI.
First nymphs of this mirid of the season in ILLINOIS were observed in Hardin
County on May 6, but populations remained fairly low in the State this year.
Tarnished plant bug adult activity was common in NEBRASKA by mid-April. Popula-
tions remained low, with some buildup occurring in early June and then dropping
off. Light fall infestations of this legume pest in Nebraska were concentrated

on ornamental plants in gardens.

ALFALFA PLANT BUG (Adelphocoris lineolatus) populations in WYOMING during 1964
were about the same aS they were in 1963. First adults of the Season were
collected May 26 in the northern part of the State. Numbers increased until
early August when counts averaged 64 per 100 sweeps in the northern area and

52 per 100 sweeps in southern areas. Populations of this plant bug remained
light in NEBRASKA this year and caused very little damage to legumes. First
alfalfa plant bug nymphs of the season in ILLINOIS were observed on southern area
alfalfa April 27, and first adults on May 19. Nymphs reached their highest
population of 20-1,240 (average 217) per 100 sweeps in clover and alfalfa in the
northern half of the State May 25-28.

RAPID PLANT BUG (Adelphocoris rapidus) populations were very light in NEBRASKA
in 1964 and caused very little damage to legumes. First nymphs of the season in
ILLINOIS were observed in Pulaski County on April 15. The greatest number of
nymphs found in any field during the season was 7 per sweep and the greatest
number of adults was one per sweep. Rapid plant bug was noted on legumes in
MISSOURI during the season and caused some damage to crimson and white clovers
in ALABAMA.

FALSE CHINCH BUGS (Nysius spp.) were reported on a wide variety of forage crops
from most all areas of TEXAS during the 1964 season.

GREEN CLOVERWORM (Plathypena scabra) caused some damage to clover and alfalfa
in ALABAMA, and damaged alfalfa in Brazos and Burleson Counties, TEXAS, as well
as in northern portions of the State. Light larval populations of this noctuid
were present on alfalfa in OKLAHOMA from mid-April through mid-September.

Larvae were noted on legumes in MISSOURI during the season, as well as on clover
and alfalfa in ILLINOIS. A larval outbreak of green cloverworm began in late
July in MICHIGAN and continued through the third week of August. Declining
numbers of larvae continued present in some fields of soybeans in Michigan
until mid-September, but only foliage injury was noted on this host. First
green cloverworm larvae of the season in DELAWARE were noted on alfalfa during
the first week of June in New Castle County, and by late June, larvae were
rather common on this crop and on soybeans throughout the State. Peak larval
populations in Delaware occurred during late July and again in late August.
Green cloverworm was an unusual problem on forage crops and on beans in NEW YORK
during the past |‘eason,.

VARIEGATED CUTWORM (Peridroma saucia) was first noted in ILLINOIS when very young
larvae were observed on clover and alfalfa in the southwest district on April 29.
Populations were slightly higher than they were in 1963, and controls were
applied to an estimated 7,291 acres in Illinois during the 1964 season.
Variegated cutworm caused severe damage to new growth and second-cutting alfalfa
over MISSOURI this season. Larval counts on alfalfa ranged 0-8 per square foot.
Larvae of this noctuid moth caused some damage to second-cutting alfalfa in
eastern KANSAS, and widespread populations were heavy in vetch-growing areas of
TEXAS this year. Medium to heavy spring populations of variegated cutworm
occurred on alfalfa in most areas of ARIZONA in May and June, and scattered,
heavy infestations appeared on this crop during August and September.

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FALL ARMYWORM (Spodoptera frugiperda) first became active on grain sorghum in
OKLAHOMA in 1964, but populations increased until heavy numbers were damaging
alfalfa and other crops. This pest remained active in Oklahoma this year until
late November. Fall armyworm larvae caused some damage to newly seeded alfalfa
in western KANSAS. In NORTH CAROLINA, larvae averaged 6.5 per square foot in
unstripped areas of a field of alfalfa in Wake County.

CORN EARWORM (Heliothis zea) activity began in alfalfa in OKLAHOMA in early May
and by early June, infestations were common in this crop in the southern half of
the State. Infestations continued to increase until heavy populations were
damaging alfalfa and other crops in the State during early July. Infestations
remained moderate to heavy in Oklahoma through September and activity continued
until late October. BEET ARMYWORM (Spodoptera exigua) populations caused severe
damage to alfalfa in areas of Brazos and Burleson Counties, TEXAS, and FORAGE
LOOPER (Caenurgina erechtea) caused some damage to fall seeded alfalfa in
eastern KANSAS.

ALFALFA LOOPER (Autographa californica) appeared in alfalfa early in the season

at various locations over CALIFORNIA. Larvae of this pest were numerous on

third cutting of alfalfa hay in some areas of Mesa, Montrose, Delta and Garfield
Counties, COLORADO, this season, but no controls were necessary. ARMY CUTWORM
(Chorizagrotis auxiliaris) caused some reduction in alfalfa yields in northeastern
COLORADO, and damaged fields of alfalfa in Humboldt County, NEVADA, in May. Also
in Nevada, populations of ZEBRA CATERPILLAR (Ceramica picta) were above the 1962-
1963 levels in Churchill and Pershing Counties, but were not economic.

ALFALFA CATERPILLAR (Colias eurytheme) caused some damage to alfalfa in ALABAMA
during 1964. Larvae of this pierid butterfly became active in OKLAHOMA in mid-—
March, but populations were very light throughout the season. Alfalfa caterpillar
infested legumes in MISSOURI this year, and light larval and adult activity was
noted in legumes in NEBRASKA during August and September. Alfalfa looper

caused some damage to second and third cuttings of alfalfa and southeastern
COLORADO, but was not economically important on alfalfa in the Arkansas Valley.
during the 1964 season. In NEW MEXICO,larval populations of this pest were much
lighter on alfalfa in Chaves and Eddy Counties than they were in 1963.

GARDEN WEBWORM (Loxostege similalis) was reported as heavy in fall-seeded alfalfa
in western ILLINOIS in early August. Larvae caused light to heavy damage to
alfalfa over MISSOURI this season, but damage was heaviest in the southwest and
west central areas of the State. Garden webworm activity remained low in
OKLAHOMA until late July. Populations became damaging in the central area of the
State during August and early September, but by mid-September, most infestations
had disappeared. WEBWORMS (Loxostege spp.) caused some damage to fall seeded
alfalfa in eastern KANSAS this season. In CALIFORNIA, larvae of a LEAF TIER MOTH
(Udea profundalis) and larvae of a LEAF ROLLER MOTH (Platynota stultana)

infested alfalfa at various locations over the State during the 1964 season.

ALFALFA SEED CHALCID (Bruchophagus roddi) damaged alfalfa in Collingsworth County,
TEXAS, and an unspecified species infested seed of a local astragalus in ALASKA
which is of potential forage value in that.State.

THRIPS caused some reduction in yields of alfalfa in northeastern COLORADO this
season, and infestations of Frankliniella sp. were heavy on alfalfa in Clark
County, NEVADA, during April. GARDEN SPRINGTAIL (Bourletiella hortensis)
populations were extremely heavy on forage crops in OHIO during mid-May.

SPIDER MITES (Tetranychus spp.) damaged clover along edges of fields in Cumberland
County, PENNSYLVANIA, and again caused conspicuous injury to several fields of

red clover in eastern and southern areas of MARYLAND during June. Tetranychus spp.
populations were low statewide in NEVADA except in Southern Nye County where
several fields of alfalfa required treatment in the spring. Unspecified MITES
were quite prevalent in forage crops in CALIFORNIA during the 1964 season.

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SOYBEAN AND PEANUT INSECTS
Highlights:

CORN EARWORM occurred as a severe outbreak on soybeans in southeastern Missouri
and the outbreak of this pest on soybeans in Arkansas was the heaviest and most
widespread ever experienced in that State. Corn earworm was damaging to soy-
beans in Oklahoma, Louisiana, Georgia, North Carolina and Maryland, and to pea-
nuts in Oklahoma and Georgia. CABBAGE LOOPER was a major pest of soybeans in
Alabama and GREEN CLOVERWORM was also of some importance on this crop in that
State. FALL ARMYWORM infestations were quite heavy and more severe on peanuts

in Georgia than in recent years and was heavy on this crop in Florida. GARDEN
WEBWORM caused heavy damage to soybeans in southwestern and west central Missouri,
and LESSER CORNSTALK BORER was the principal pest of peanuts in Texas for the
third consecutive year. BEAN LEAF BEETLE caused light to heavy defoliation of
soybeans in Georgia, and was damaging to young soybeans in many fields over
Missouri. SOUTHERN CORN ROOTWORM was again a problem to some peanut growers in
southwestern Georgia. THRIPS were heavy on soybeans in various areas of Virginia,
and caused widespread streaking and some stunting of soybean plants in all
sections of Maryland.

The CORN EARWORM (Heliothis zea) outbreak on soybeans in southeastern MISSOURI
was severe. Larvae averaged 50 per 3 feet of row in some fields, with 90-100
percent of pods damaged in many fields. The heaviest and most widespread out-
break of corn earworm on soybeans ever experienced in ARKANSAS occurred during
the 1964 season. Infestations were also heavy on several other crops. Moth
collections in light traps were high, but somewhat lower than in 1963; however,
larval infestations in soybeans were the heaviest and most widespread ever
experienced in the State. Counts ran as high as 30-40 larvae per 3 feet of row.
One larva per 3 feet of row is considered economic. A survey showed that 59
percent of the 3,000,000 acres of soybeans in Arkansas required the application
of controls for this pest this season. This is the third consecutive year that
outbreaks of corn earworm have occurred in Arkansas about August 25. Corn ear-
worm activity in OKLAHOMA began on alfalfa in early May, and by early June,
infestations were common on this crop in the southern half of the State. Infesta-
tions continued to increase until heavy populations were damaging peanuts and
other crops during early July. Infestations remained moderate to heavy in
Oklahoma through September and activity by this pest continued until late
October.

Corn earworm infestations on soybeans were generally light over LOUISIANA, but
damaging populations of 2-5 larvae per 3 feet of row did develop during late
August and early September in northeastern parishes. Corn earworm was a major
pest of soybeans in ALABAMA during 1964, with major damage occurring from the
central area of the State to the gulf coast. Some damage was also reported
throughout the State. Corn earworm larval damage to peanuts ranged light to
moderate in GEORGIA, and larvae caused serious losses to soybeans by feeding on
small pods. Corn earworm infestations resulted in the treatment of an estimated
6,000 acres of soybeans in Hyde County, NORTH CAROLINA, during late August and
early September, and in combination with Trichoplusia spp., was responsible for
the treatment of an estimated 30,000 acres of soybeans in Perquimans, Pasquotank,
Camden and Currituck Counties, North Carolina, during early September.

Corn earworm larvae caused moderate to heavy injury to pods in several fields of
soybeans on the lower Eastern Shore of MARYLAND during mid to late September.
Peak moth flight of corn earworm occurred in DELAWARE during the last week of
August and the first week of September, when counts averaged 60 per night in

one blacklight trap. Considerable larval injury to late plantings of soybeans
and other crops followed this peak flight.

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GREEN CLOVERWORM (Plathypena scabra) was of some importance on soybeans in
ALABAMA during the 1964 season, but the earliest occurrences of the species in
ARKANSAS were on crimson clover and alfalfa in April and May. Larvae persisted
on alfalfa throughout the season, even into November, but numbers remained low
on soybeans until late August and early September when populations increased;
however, few infestations on soybeans were economic. Moths of this pest were
active in Arkansas to mid-November. Green cloverworm infested soybeans in
MISSOURI and in ILLINOIS during the season. Populations in most fields of soy-
beans in Illinois varied from zero to 2 or 3 per foot of row and, in combination
with other insects, caused some leaf feeding damage in most areas of the State.
In the northern section of Illinois, 12-15 larvae per foot of row were reported,
with extensive defoliation noted in early August. An estimated 24,270 acres

were treated to control this pest in 1964. Green cloverworm caused moderate to
heavy damage in several fields of soybeans in northern OHIO during August.

First larvae of green cloverworm for the season in DELAWARE were noted on alfalfa
during the first week of June in New Castle County, and by late June were rather
common on this crop and on soybeans throughout the State. Peak larval popula-
tions occurred during late July and again in late August.

CABBAGE LOOPER (Trichoplusia ni) was a major pest of soybeans in ALABAMA during
the 1964 season, with major damage occurring from the central portion of the
State to the gulf coast. Some damage to soybeans also occurred throughout the
State. Heavy populations of cabbage looper and Pseudoplusia includens, but
predominantly P. includens, developed on soybeans throughout LOUISIANA during
August and September, causing more than 50 percent foliage loss in untreated
fields. Infestations of cabbage looper were lighter in ARKANSAS during 1964
than they were in 1963, and as usual, disease was instrumental in keeping these
infestations at a low level. Cabbage looper infested soybeans in OKLAHOMA this
season but caused little damage to the crop.

LOOPERS (Trichoplusia spp.) in combination with corn earworm (see note on page
197) were responsible for the treatment of 30,000 acres of soybeans in several
counties of NORTH CAROLINA during early September. Trichoplusia spp. were much
more serious on soybeans in Camden and Currituck Counties where they destroyed
70-80 percent of the leaf surface in several fields. In GEORGIA, defoliation
of soybeans was light to heavy but ranged mostly light to moderate.

FALL ARMYWORM (Spodoptera frugiperda) was quite heavy and more severe than in
recent years in GEORGIA, being general over the State on peanuts and several
other crops. Infestations were heavy on peanuts in Jackson County, FLORIDA,
during late summer. This armyworm was also of some importance on soybeans in
ALABAMA this season, Fall armyworm became active in OKLAHOMA on grain sorghum
in early August and increased until heavy populations were damaging a wide
variety of crops throughout the State, including soybeans. Activity continued
until late November in Oklahoma. YELLOW-STRIPED ARMYWORM (Prodenia ornithogalli)
infested soybeans in small numbers, as well as cotton, in ARKANSAS during the
spring of 1964, but persisted later into the season than usual. One known
infestation on soybeans became economic.

GRANULATE CUTWORM (Feltia subterranea) caused severe local damage to peanuts in
Houston County, TEXAS, and caused light to moderate defoliation of this crop
throughout the peanut-growing area of GEORGIA during the season. Also in Georgia,
BEET ARMYWORM (Spodoptera exigua) caused light to moderate defoliation of soy-
beans, peanuts and cowpeas, but was of minor importance on soybeans in ALABAMA
during 1964, VELVETBEAN CATERPILLAR (Anticarsia gemmatalis) caused light to
heavy defoliation of soybeans in GEORGIA, but most of this defoliation ranged
light to moderate. SALT-MARSH CATERPILLAR (Estigmene acrea) caused minor damage
to soybeans in ALABAMA this season,

GARDEN WEBWORM (Loxostege similalis) was heavy on late soybeans in western
ILLINOIS during early August, and caused light to heavy damage to soybeans
throughout MISSOURI, with the heaviest damage to this crop occurring in the
southwestern and west central areas of the State, Infestations of garden

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webworm were about average in ARKANSAS during 1964, with a few spot infestations
in soybeans and cotton requiring treatment.

LESSER CORNSTALK BORER (Elasmopalpus lignosellus) populations became damaging to
peanuts in OKLAHOMA during August, with counts as high as one larva per plant
being noted in Caddo County. This species was the principal pest of peanuts in
TEXAS for the third consecutive year, but infestations on peanuts in GEORGIA were
generally light to moderate during the 1964 season.

RED-NECKED PEANUTWORM (Stegasta bosqueella) ranged light to moderate on peanuts
in GEORGIA, and infested peanuts in OKLAHOMA from mid-July to early October, with
many fields showing some damage on 100 percent of terminals. Damage to terminal
growth of peanuts in the Portales area of Roosevelt County, NEW MEXICO, became
evident during September and October, and was probably due to red-necked peanut-
worm, which was reported from the State for the first time during the 1963 season.

BEAN LEAF BEETLE (Cerotoma trifurcata) infested soybeans in ILLINOIS during the
1964 season and, in combination with other insects, caused foliar damage to this
crop in the northern three-fourths of the State. An estimated 17,078 acres were
treated for control this season in Illinois. Bean leaf beetle stripped approxi-
mately 25 percent of the foliage from young soybean plants 4 to 8 inches high in
marginal rows of many fields over MISSOURI. High counts per linear foot on

young soybeans were 5 in the southeast, 3 in the north central and 2 in the south-
west, west central and northwest areas of the State. Adults of this leaf beetle
caused some leaf feeding damage to soybeans in NEBRASKA, and the pest was present
on this crop in OKLAHOMA during the season but caused little damage. Bean leaf
beetle infestations on soybeans in ARKANSAS were much lighter during 1964 than
usual, This chrysomelid was a minor pest of soybeans in ALABAMA this past year,
but did cause light to heavy defoliation of this host plant in GEORGIA; however,
most of this defoliation ranged light to moderate in the State.

SOUTHERN CORN ROOTWORM (Diabrotica undecimpunctata howardi) populations in peanuts
in the northeastern growing area of NORTH CAROLINA were the lowest they have been
since the 1960 season. Southern corn rootworm was a problem to some peanut
growers in southwest GEORGIA this season, where one field in Stewart County was
completely destroyed.

A COLASPIS (Colaspis sp.) was observed on soybeans in MISSOURI and normal, non-
economic numbers of adults occurred on soybeans, as well as cotton, in ARKANSAS
during the 1964 season.

MEXICAN BEAN BEETLE (Epilachna varivestis) caused light to moderate defoliation
of soybeans in GEORGIA and was of Some minor importance on soybeans in ALABAMA
during the season. This plant-feeding coccinellid caused some severe injury to
a field of soybeans west of Wathena in Doniphan County, KANSAS, in June, but no
injury was found in this same field in the fall of the year,

JAPANESE BEETLE (Popillia japonica) adults began appearing as scattered, light
infestations by mid-June in INDIANA. Although many of these infestations were
of local concern to homeowners, agricultural damage was restricted to a limited
infestation in Newton County in the northwest section of the State. On 6
selected farms in this area, adults of this scarab averaged 58 per 100 feet of
row on soybeans, with peak activity apparently being reached by the end of July.
Several species of weevils, mainly CLOVER ROOT CURCULIO (Sitona hispidula),
damaged severalfields of soybeans following clover in ILLINOIS in June. An
estimated 1,020 acres of soybeans were treated in Illinois this year for the
control of these pests.

BLACK BLISTER BEETLE (Epicauta pennsylvanica) and a STRIPED BLISTER BEETLE
(Epicauta sp.) were moderate on soybeans in areas of VIRGINIA where they occurred
during the 1964 season. Populations of black blister beetle, MARGINED BLISTER
BEETLE (E. pestifera) , ASH-GRAY BLISTER BEETLE (E, fabricii) and Epicauta sp.

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were low on soybeans in ILLINOIS. Unspecified BLISTER BEETLES were noted on
soybeans in MISSOURI, and Epicauta sp. was present on this legume in OKLAHOMA
but caused little damage.

POTATO LEAFHOPPER (Empoasca fabae) infested soybeans and alfalfa in DELAWARE
during early July, but was considerably more numerous on these and other crops
during late July and August. Counts of potato leafhopper in the southeastern
sections of MISSOURI on September 5 ranged 1-5 per leaf in some fields of soy-
beans and caused severe leaf curling. THREE-CORNERED ALFALFA HOPPER (Spissistilus
festinus) populations averaged approximately 10 nymphs per 3 feet of row on
soybeans in northwestern LOUISIANA during August.

SOUTHERN GREEN STINK BUG (Nezara viridula) and Euschistus spp. were unusually
scarce on soybeans in LOUISIANA this year and only a few heavy populations were
found in untreated fields late in the season. Several species of STINK BUGS
caused much feeding damage to soybeans in southwestern and southeastern MISSOURI.
Banasa sordida, collected from soybeans in Boone County on August 6, 1964,
constituted a new State record for Missouri. Also in Missouri, two ALYDID BUGS
(Alydus pilosulus and A. eurinus) were observed on soybeans during the 1964
season,

A THRIPS (Sericothrips variabilis) was very heavy on young soybeans in many

areas of DELAWARE during late May and throughout June, but populations were
generally much lower for the remainder of the 1964 season on this crop. During
late June and July, unspecified thrips infested seedling and young soybeans
generally in MARYLAND, resulting in widespread streaking and some stunting of
plants in all sections of the State. Thrips heavily infested soybeans in various
sections of VIRGINIA this season. Infestations of unspecified thrips ranged
light to heavy on peanuts in GEORGIA and heavy populations damaged peanuts in

the southern peanut-growing area of OKLAHOMA this season,

STRAWBERRY SPIDER MITE (Tetranychus atlanticus) was rather common on soybeans in
Sussex County, DELAWARE, during mid-July, and by early August, populations were
abundant on this crop in Kent and Sussex Counties. Numbers continued to increase
rapidly on soybeans in many areas of the State through the remainder of the

1964 season, causing noticeable injury to a large number of fields. Unspecified
SPIDER MITES damaged foliage of peanut plants in several fields near Portales

in Roosevelt County, NEW MEXICO, during September. These pests caused foliage

to turn brown and shed, leaving only the stalks. Unspecified MITES caused
russetting of soybeans in southern ILLINOIS, but no treatments were applied.

LAWN, PASTURE AND RANGELAND INSECTS
Highlights:

ARMYWORM and FALL ARMYWORM outbreaks in eastern Texas caused considerable damage
to native and improved pastures, as well as lawn grasses in this area and in
several other States to the east and north. SOD WEBWORMS were: again a problem
in lawns and grasses in several areas of the Nation. SAGEBRUSH DEFOLIATOR was
serious on rangelands in Nevada, and RHODES-GRASS SCALE was serious in Arizona,
New Mexico, Texas and Louisiana. Large populations of HARVESTER ANTS are
apparently increasing on rangelands in northern Arizona. A BERMUDA-GRASS MITE
(Aceria neocynodonis) was found for the first time in Oklahoma during the 1964
season and was serious on Bermuda grass in Arizona, Nevada and Georgia. BANKS
GRASS MITE severely damaged crested wheat grass in Washington and timothy in
Nevada.

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ARMYWORM (Pseudaletia unipuncta) caused widespread damage to native and improved
pastures over a large portion of TEXAS during the 1964 season, with heavy damage
reported from the north central, central and upper coastal areas of the State,
This pest was present in OKLAHOMA this season but caused little damage. Armyworm
larvae caused varying degrees of damage to many bromegrass pastures in south-
eastern KANSAS, where controls were applied to large acreages to prevent injury.
Some reed canary grass and timothy seed fields in northwestern MINNESOTA were
heavily damaged in July when economic numbers of armyworm larvae were found in
lodged barley and wheat. An occasional pasture was also damaged when adjacent
to reed canary grass areas, and one isolated field of Sudan grass in Freeborn
County, in the southern part of Minnesota, showed an average of 13 larvae per
square foot. Second-generation armyworm larvae caused varying degrees of damage
to Sudax and other Sudan grasses during late July in OHIO. Damage by the larvae
of this noctuid moth was reported from Ashland, Delaware, Fulton, Huron, Knox,
Medina, Putnam, Richland, Seneca and Wayne Counties, Ohio.

First armyworm adults in DELAWARE were collected in a blacklight trap on May 5
in Sussex County. Larvae caused considerable injury to pastures in eastern
Sussex County during early July and were even present on alfalfa in several
areas of the State during July and August when adult flights were rather heavy.
Armyworm infested hay fields and other crops in several parts of PENNSYLVANIA
during July, with fall armyworm (Spodoptera frugiperda) also being numerous at
the same time. Armyworm outbreaks occurred in a number of locations over NEW
JERSEY during the 1964 season. A serious outbreak of armyworm occurred during
June and July when 20 counties in a belt across the center of NEW YORK were
seriously infested. Larval counts ranged up to 30 per square foot in oats.
This was the worst infestation of armyworm in New York since 1954, and many
fields treated too late or not at all suffered serious losses. Oats, wheat and
grasses were damaged in about that order.

Armyworm built up to destructive proportions in VERMONT this year, the last
Similar outbreak in the State occurring in 1954, Not all fields in any given
area of the State were infested, but damage in some infested pastures and hay
crops amounted to 100 percent. Activity of the pest subsided in Vermont by
August 5. Outbreak numbers of armyworm also occurred at widely scattered loca-
tions over NEW HAMPSHIRE in 1964, with light trap collections during late

summer yielding high numbers of moths. Armyworm was a general problem through-
out MAINE in late July and early August. Heavy larval populations in York

County damaged pasture grasses, corn and even some alfalfa in Berwick, Springvale,
Sanford, Alfred, Saco, Kennebunk and Lebanon, and heavy damage was inflicted in
hay fields in Gorham and several other locations in Cumberland County. The
larval population at Gorham was attacked by an undetermined parasite in late

July and wilt disease was also suspected to be present. Heavy larval numbers
caused severe damage to forage throughout the Knox-Lincoln County area. Heavy
populations and damage were reported in hay fields in Lincolnville, Northport
and Waldo in Waldo County, with the same conditions existing in Auburn, Lisbon,
Minot and Sabattus in Androscoggin and Sagadahoc Counties, Maine, Light to heavy
populations and damage occurred in Franklin County. in Washington County, Maine,
the easternmost county in the Nation, severe populations of and damage by armyworm
larvae were reported from Meddybemps, Cooper and surrounding towns, Light
infestations and damage by this pest were reported in coastal areas of the State
near Jonesport and Machias,

FALL ARMYWORM (Spodoptera frugiperda) became active on grain sorghum in OKLAHOMA
and infestations increased until heavy populations were damaging a wide variety

of crops throughout the State, including pastures, Bermuda grass and ryegrass.

The pest continued active in the State until late November, The outbreak of

fall armyworm that occurred in TEXAS during the 1964 season was comparable with
those of 1960, 1962 and 1963. Damage to pasture grasses and lawns, as well as
other crops, occurred throughout the eastern portion of the State. Heavy
infestations of fall armyworm developed on Sudan grass and other grasses during
and after August throughout southern and central parts of LOUISIANA, Infestations

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were common in lawns in the southern half of the State in September and caused
considerable injury. In FLORIDA, larvae of this noctuid moth were heavy on

Bahia grass and Bermuda grass in the Jackson County area and important on grasses
throughout the State this season. Infestations of fall armyworm ranged moderate
to heavy on lawn grasses and a number of other crops from southern to northern
areas of GEORGIA in 1964. Infestations were quite heavy and more severe than in
recent years, being general on Bermuda grass and lawns. Fall armyworm damaged
Bermuda grass pastures and lawns in NORTH CAROLINA in many areas of the Coastal
Plain the latter part of August. In Harnett County, 100 acres of Coastal Bermuda
grass ready to cut for hay were heavily damaged, with larvae averaging 4.5 per
square foot in an untreated portion of this field.

Several species of CUTWORMS, especially RED-BACKED CUTWORM (Euxoa ochrogaster)
and BLACK CUTWORM (Agrotis ipsilon) , required widespread treatment in hay fields
in ALASKA as they cut off new stands of oats and peas. This was the first real
outbreak of these pests in Alaska for the past 5 years. Unspecified cutworms
were more abundant on turf in OHIO than during 1963, but were not present in
extremely destructive numbers. A GRASSWORM (Mocis sp.) caused significant damage
to Para and Pangola grass pastures at Canal Point and Belle Glade in Palm Beach
County, FLORIDA.

SOD WEBWORMS (Crambus spp.) ranged medium to severe on grasses and lawns through-
out VIRGINIA during the 1964 season. Adults of Crambus sp. were especially
abundant about lights in RHODE ISLAND in early July and late September. In
NEW YORK, sod webworms were more abundant and damaging than usual during the
past summer in the southeastern area, on Long Island and in the southern tier
of counties. Crambus trisectus was more abundant on turf in OHIO than in 1963,
but was not present in extremely destructive numbers. C. trisectus and C.
mutabilis, but principally C. trisectus, were abundant in turf areas throughout
INDIANA for the third consecutive year, with control measures necessary to
prevent serious damage. In WASHINGTON, lawns in Whitman County were damaged by
C. bonifatellus late in April.

Larvae of a GELECHIID MOTH (Chionodes psiloptera) were abundant on grasses
raised for seed near Rockford, WASHINGTON, during December, This is the first
record of infestations by this species this far south in Spokane County.

SAGEBRUSH DEFOLIATOR (Aroga websteri) populations were heavy in NEVADA during

the 1964 season, although below 1963 levels. Infestations ranged medium to heavy
in many northern and central counties, with noticeable damage occurring as far
south in the State as Ormsby and central Nye Counties. A LEAF ROLLER MOTH
(Synnoma lynosyrana) developed heavy larval populations on rabbitbrush in
Lincoln County, Nevada, and was more noticeable than normal in several other
counties in the State this past season,

JAPANESE BEETLE (Popillia japonica) was relatively unimportant in CONNECTICUT
during 1964, and larval numbers in NEW YORK were at a very low level with very
few requests concerning control recommendations. Grub infestations of this
scarab ranged light to heavy in grasses in VIRGINIA, but were less abundant in
turf in OHIO than they were in 1962. Surveys of selected turf areas and at
major airports in WASHINGTON remained negative for this beetle during the 1964
season, Larvae of EUROPEAN CHAFER (Amphimallon majalis) were troublesome in
NEW YORK in infested areas where no treatments were applied and the pest continued
to spread into uninfested areas, particularly in the Elmira area of Chemung
County. NORTHERN MASKED CHAFER (Cyclocephala borealis) was less abundant in
turf in OHIO than it was in 1962.

Larvae of MAY BEETLES (Phyllophaga spp.) were more common in OHIO during 1964
than any other turf pest, and adults emerged in large numbers from grassy areas
in many counties of the Lower Peninsula of MICHIGAN during the week of May 29,
Adults of Phyllophaga spp. appeared in unusually high numbers during the 1964
season in WISCONSIN, with P. rugosa the dominant species in Dane County and

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P, fusca also being very common. Larval populations of P. anxia caused some
injury to a few wetland hay meadows in Cherry County, NEBRASKA, this season. In
NEW MEXICO, pupation of P. koehleriana began about the last two weeks of May and
adults were emerging in extremely large numbers in rangeland areas south of Raton,
Colfax County, the second week of June. This May beetle appears to have a 3-year
cycle, and larvae severely damaged grasses in this area during the 1964 season.

Heavy larval infestations of a BILLBUG (Sphenophorus phoeniciensis) resulted in
spotted damage to lawns during late spring in central and western areas of
ARIZONA, and S. cicatristriatus severely damaged lawns in the Pasco area of
Benton County, WASHINGTON, during the summer of 1964,

HAIRY CHINCH BUG (Blissus leucopterus hirtus) populations were heavy in MAINE
where moderate damage occurred to lawns in Augusta, Kennebec County, and in
Kittery, York County, during the period August 10-17. This lygaeid bug appeared
to be lighter than usual in NEW YORK early in the 1964 season. Although this
pest is known to occur over most of the State,it has rarely been reported in
damaging numbers. In 1964, however, damaging numbers were reported in the Utica
area of Oneida County and from Old Forge in Herkimer County in the region of the
Adironack Mountains. The second generation of hairy chinch bug was more abundant
on turf in OHIO than was the first generation,

CHINCH BUG (Blissus spp.) infestations during 1964 in CONNECTICUT showed a marked
increase over those of 1963, and these pests caused some damage to grass and
birdsfoot trefoil in southeast PENNSYLVANIA during early July. Second-generation
chinch bug nymphs were abundant and damaged Sudax and Sudan grass in ILLINOIS
during August, and infestations in lawns in southwest ARKANSAS were heavier

during the 1964 season than in past years. A CHINCH BUG (Blissus leucopterus ssp.)
was severe on St. Augustine grass in many areas of LOUISIANA during the year.
Large numbers of FALSE CHINCH BUG (Nysius ericae) infested a field of Russian

wild ryegrass in Crowley County, COLORADO, this season.

MEADOW PLANT BUG (Leptopterna dolabratus) was heavy in most grass fields in
ILLINOIS during the 1964 season, and a PLANT BUG (Amblytylus nasutus) was
collected from grass on May 25 near Fisher, Champaign County,for a new Illinois
record; populations up to 78 per sweep were present at this time. A GRASS
PLANT BUG (Thyrillus pacificus) caused severe damage to portions of fields of
intermediate wheatgrass in southeastern WASHINGTON during the early summer.

RHODES-GRASS SCALE (Antonina graminis) was very damaging to zoysia and Bermuda
grass in most areas of central and southern ARIZONA during 1964, and was a
serious problem on Bermuda grass lawns, especially Tef-green variety, in the
Las Cruces area of Dona Ana County, NEW MEXICO, where control was extremely
difficult. This mealybug damaged St. Augustine grass lawns in southern TEXAS,
and infestations in East Baton Rouge and Assumption Parishes, LOUISIANA, have
reached damaging proportions. An ARMORED SCALE (Odonaspis ruthae) damaged
Bermuda grass pastures in local areas in the eastern portion of TEXAS this
season, ae

A SPITTLEBUG (Prosapia bicincta) was general on Bermuda grass in central and
southern areas of GEORGIA during the 1964 season, with feeding causing the
browning of many pastures. This spittlebug was spotty in FLORIDA, but two
pastures in the Belle Glade area were noticeably affected during July. In the
area north of Tampa south to Ona, damage by this pest was rather severe at
isolated locations, but generally not so bad as in previous years. Pangola
grass and Pensacola Bahia grass were among the affected hosts.

YELLOW SUGARCANE APHID (Sipha flava) caused some damage in FLORIDA during the
1964 season in the Everglades and on sandlands, but due to dry weather injury
was probably worse on sandlands. Damage by this aphid was particularly severe
on pastures near Lake Worth and Boynton Beach, Palm Beach County. In the
Everglades, damage was more spotty, but during March and April, some pastures
showed considerable discoloration and some ranchers applied controls.

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ENGLISH GRAIN APHID (Macrosiphum avenae) and Rhopalosiphum padi were heavy on
ryegrass cover crops in the Puyallup Valley of WASHINGTON during the spring of
1964. In UTAH, Aphis bonnevillensis was less numerous in Millard County and
northern range areas than during the two previous seasons, but A. heraclella was
numerous on cow-parsnip foliage in northern canyons of Utah during the Season.

Larvae of GRASS SAWFLIES (Dolerus unicolor, D. collaris and D. nitens) were
abundant in forage fields throughout northwest OHIO during the 1964 season, with
larval counts of Dolerus spp. ranging 2-3 per sweep being noted in Medina County.
TEXAS LEAF-CUTTING ANT (Atta texana) caused considerable concern in southern and
southeastern areas of TEXAS this year. Large populations of HARVESTER ANTS
(Pogonomyrmex spp.) appear to be increasing on rangeland in the northern portion
of ARIZONA, where mound counts as high as 150 per acre were noted during 1964,

In CALIFORNIA, FIELD CRICKETS (Gryllus spp.) infested pastures and fields at a
few locations during the 1964 season.

A BERMUDA-GRASS MITE (Aceria neocynodonis) occurred on Bermuda grass in several
locations within CALIFORNIA during the season. This eriophyid mite seriously
damaged many Bermuda grass lawns in Maricopa, Pinal and Pima Counties, ARIZONA,
during the summer months, and populations varied from light to heavy on lawns
and damaged Bermuda grass pastures in Clark County, NEVADA. This species was
found for the first time in OKLAHOMA during the 1964 season, where it caused
severe damage to Bermuda grass lawns in Oklahoma City during mid-June. This
eriophyid is now known to occur in Oklahoma, Jackson and Woods Counties in that
State, Aceria neocynodonis also caused some damage to Bermuda grass in GEORGIA
this year, Another ERIOPHYID MITE (Aculus dubius) was prevalent in timothy
fields in the Kingston area of Washington County, RHODE ISLAND, for the third
successive year.

BANKS GRASS MITE (Oligonychus pratensis) severely damaged crested wheatgrass
early in the summer of 1964 in Garfield County, WASHINGTON, and damage to timothy
in Lyon County, NEVADA, was severe for the second consecutive year. Scattered,
heavy populations of SPIDER MITES (Tetranychus spp.) damaged Bermuda grass seed
in Yuma County, ARIZONA, during May and June, with peak populations occurring
during mid-June.

ATA,
oo eee

AGRICULTURAL RESEARCH SERVICE

PLANT PEST CONTROL DIVISION

SURVEY AND DETECTION OPERATIONS

The Cooperative Economic Insect Report is issued
~ weekly as a service to American Agriculture. Its contents
are compiled from information supplied by cooperating State,
Federal, and industrial entomologists and other agricultural
workers. In releasing this material the Division serves as
a clearing house and doesnot assume responsibility for ac-
curacy of the material.

All correspondence pertaining to additions, dele-
tions and changes of addresses for the mailing
list for this report should be sent to:

Service Operations Division
‘Office of Plant and Operations
United States Department of Agriculture
Washington, D. C. 20250

Reports and inquiries pertaining to this release
should be mailed to:

Survey and Detection Operations
Plant Pest Control Division
Agricultural Research Service
United States Department of Agriculture
Federal Center Building
Hyattsville, Maryland 20781

Volume 15 March 19, 1965 Number 12

COOPERATIVE ECONOMIC INSECT REPORT

HIGHLIGHTS

ALFALFA WEEVIL larvae active in Delaware, Maryland and Georgia; controls urged
in Georgia. First report of larval activity of CLOVER LEAF WEEVIL in Oklahoma.
(p. 207).BROWN WHEAT MITE appears to be building up on small grains in Curry
County, New Mexico. (p. 208).

PEAR PSYLLA egg laying very pronounced on Jackson County, Oregon, pear orchards.
(p. 207). Additional light infestation of HALL SCALE found in Butte County,
California; intensive survey underway. (p. 208).

PINE NEEDLE SCALE causing very noticeable needle drop on blue spruce in Fort
Collins area, Colorado. (p. 210).

DETECTION

A LEAFHOPPER (Empoasca abrupta) collected for the first time in Delaware and in
northeastern United States. HOLLY LEAF MINER collected for the first time in
Lane County, Oregon. An ERIOPHYID MITE (Eriophyes gardeniella) collected for
the first time in the United States at Lacoochee, Florida. @e 220)F

SPECIAL REPORTS
Status of the Screw-worm in the Southwest. (p. 211).

Estimated Losses and Production Costs attributed to Insects and Related
Arthropods Attacking Wheat, Sorghum and Cotton (lint) in Texas. (p. 215-216).

Summary of Insect Conditions in the United States - 1964

Fruit Insects
Pome Fruit Insects (p. 217)
Stone Fruit Insects (p. 222)
General Deciduous Fruit Insects (p. 225)
Nut Crop Insects (p. 229)
Grape Insects (p. 231)
Blueberry, Cranberry and Currant Insects (p. 232).
Citrus Insects (p. 235)
Olive, Avocado and Fig Insects (p. 235)

EUROPEAN APPLE SAWFLY poses a serious threat to fruit in New York. (p. 221).
LESSER PEACH TREE BORER is rapidly becoming the primary pest of peaches in
Indiana and is a serious pest of peaches in Michigan. (p. 222). ORIENTAL
FRUIT MOTH is definitely established in the peach-growing area of Mesa County,
Colorado. (p. 223). Fall migrants and oviparae of GREEN PEACH APHID numbers
may result in larger population in spring of 1965. (p. 224). Hibernating
population of PLUM CURCULIO in the Georgia Peach Belt is very light. (p. 224).
Overwintering population of CODLING MOTH expected to be light in Missouri.

(D5 BA) s

Reports in this issue are for the week ending March 12, unless otherwise
indicated.

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WEATHER OF THE WEEK ENDING MARCH 15

Spring was further delayed in many areas and particularly in the Southeast where
cool and wet conditions continued. Precipitation was widespread and moderate in
northern latitudes, widespread and light to moderate further north.

TEMPERATURE: This was another cold week in most of the Corn and Cotton Belts
and in the Southeast. In the area from Louisiana and Arkansas eastward through
the Carolinas and Florida this was the third consecutive week with temperatures
averaging 6° to 9° below normal. Conditions were not only cool but wet, indi-
cating a considerable retardation of spring progress and activity. Freezing
extended to central Texas early in the week and to northern Florida later. Com-
pared to the previous week, average temperatures rose sharply in Texas and in
the area northward to the Canadian border but still averaged below normal except
in southern Texas. In extreme southern Texas, weekly temperatures were 15° to
19° warmer than the previous week with daily highs in the 80's. Except for
southern Texas, the only other above normal averages were in New England, 1° to
3° above but cooler than the previous week, and the northern tier of States from
Oregon and Washington to the Dakotas, 1° to 3° above normal. Temperature
patterns during the week were consistent with minor day to day changes.

PRECIPITATION: Rainfall was moderately heavy from southern California to New
Mexico and parts of Texas and from Arkansas and Louisiana to the Carolinas and
Florida, Precipitation elsewhere was widespread but light and in northern areas
fell mostly as snow. Perhaps the driest area was in the Pacific Northwest and
the northern Rockies, In Washington and Oregon it was the second sunny and dry
week during what is still normally the rainy season; a most unusual situation.

SNOW: Snow cover lingered as far south as northern Missouri, in the Great Lakes
area, and in the northern Appalachian area and northern New England with little
reduction during the week. (Summary supplied by U.S. Weather Bureau).

DHE fe 2A 2h 3c fc 24 2c 2h 2c fk 3c fc ic ac ic 2K ic >

WEATHER BUREAU'S 30-DAY OUTLOOK
MID-MARCH TO MID-APRIL 1965

The Weather Bureau’s 30-day outlook for mid-March to mid-April calls for tempera-
tures to average below seasonal normals from the Mississippi Valley to the Pacific
coast with greatest departures in the southern Rockies and the southern plateau.
Above normal averages are expected in the Northeast, the Middle Atlantic States,
and in Florida, Elsewhere near normal temperatures are in prospect. Precipita-
tion is expected to exceed normal over the southern plateau and from the Rockies
to the Appalachians except for near to below normal totals in the northern
Rockies, northern Plains, and upper Mississippi Valley. Subnormal precipitation
is anticipated over the North and Middle Atlantic Coast States as well as in
Florida, while near normal amounts are expected in unspecified areas.

Weather forecast given here is based on the official 30-day "Resume and Outlook"
published twice a month by the Weather Bureau, You can subscribe through the
Superintendent of Documents, Washington, D. C. 20250. Price $5.00 a year.

= 20 =
CEREAL AND FORAGE INSECTS

GREENBUG (Schizaphis graminum) - NEW MEXICO - Light in small grain fields near
Fort Sumner, De Baca County; Tucumcari, Quay County; and Grady and Clovis, Curry
County. Most fields averaged less than one per linear foot with occasional
heavier infestations. (N.M. Coop. Rpt.). TEXAS - Light (5-10 per foot of
drilled row) on wheat in Delta County. (Turney). OKLAHOMA - Counts in wheat
ranged 0-16 per linear foot; most fields checked averaged 3 or fewer per linear
foot. Fields checked in Jackson, Cotton, Tillman, Kiowa, Comanche, Kingfisher,
Logan, Payne and Okfuskee Counties. Field of oats and vetch in Garvin County
averaged 6 per linear foot. (Okla. Coop. Sur.). ARKANSAS - Limited surveys in
northwest area negative. (Ark. Ins. Sur.). GEORGIA —- Light on small grains in
northeast area. (Johnson, Mar. 9).

PEA APHID (Acyrthosiphon pisum) - ARIZONA - Populations continue on the increase;
moderate to heavy in many alfalfa fields in Yuma, Maricopa and Pinal Counties.
(Ariz. Coop. Sur.). NEW MEXICO - Extremely light in majority of alfalfa fields
checked near Fort Sumner, De Baca County; moderate in 2 fields checked. (N.M.
Coop. Rpt.). OKLAHOMA - Averaged 40 per square foot in overwintering alfalfa

in Tillman County and 14 per linear foot in oats and vetch in Garvin County.
(Okla. Coop. Sur.). ARKANSAS - No buildup found in northwest area legumes.

(Ark. Ins. Sur.).

ENGLISH GRAIN APHID (Macrosiphum avenae) - OKLAHOMA - Averaged 100 per linear
foot in wheat in Harmon County; counts in other southwestern counties ranged
0-15 per linear foot. Averaged 4 per linear foot in field of oats and vetch in
Garvin County. (Okla. Coop. Sur.). ARKANSAS - Limited surveys negative in
northwest area. (Ark. Ins. Sur.). MARYLAND - Light numbers present on
developing small grains near Snow Hill, Worcester County. (U. Md., Ent. Dept.).

SPOTTED ALFALFA APHID (Therioaphis maculata) - COLORADO - Noticeable numbers in
Baca County alfalfa. (Schweissing). NEW MEXICO - Occasional light, spotted
infestation noted in De Baca County alfalfa fields. (N.M. Coop. Rpt.).

APPLE GRAIN APHID (Rhopalosiphum fitchii) - OKLAHOMA - Ranged 0-60 per linear
foot in wheat checked in southwest; higher counts found in Tillman and Cotton
Counties. (Okla. Coop. Sur.).

CORN LEAF APHID (Rhopalosiphum maidis) - ARIZONA - Slight increases found in
small grains in Maricopa, Pinal and Yuma Counties; heaviest populations appear
to be present in fields in boot stage. (Ariz. Coop. Sur.).

APHIDS — ALABAMA - Unidentified species appearing on oats in Tuscaloosa County;
some losses reported. (Holstun). NEVADA - Heavy infestation of unidentified
species on grain causing stunting and yellowing in the "Upper Muddy" area
(Moapa), Clark County. (Peterson).

ALFALFA WEEVIL (Hypera postica) - GEORGIA - Infesting fields in northeast; 50-75
percent of plants showed feeding damage. First to third instars involved; up

to 4 larvae per terminal noted. Controls urged. (Johnson, Mar. 9). MARYLAND -
First and second instars active on new alfalfa growth in Snow Hill area,
Worcester County, March 10, (U. Md., Ent. Dept.). DELAWARE - First instars
present and feeding on new growth of alfalfa in area of New Castle County.
(Burbutis, Mar. 9). MISSOURI - Surveys in southeastern district for eggs and/or
larvae negative. (Jones). UTAH - Adults active on warmer days in northern
alfalfa fields. (Knowlton, Mar. 9).

CLOVER LEAF WEEVIL (Hypera punctata) - OKLAHOMA - Larvae active in alfalfa in
Blaine County; this is first report of activity this season. (Okla. Coop. Sur.).
MARYLAND - Larvae light to moderate in alfalfa and clover fields in Prince
Georges and Worcester Counties. (U. Md., Ent. Dept.).

- 208 —

WEEVILS (Hypera spp.) — ALABAMA - Second and third instars causing light damage
on burclover leaves in Lee County. (McQueen). ARIZONA - H. brunneipennis larval
counts continue increase in alfalfa fields of Yuma, Maricopa and Pinal Counties.
Damaged terminals averaged 80 percent in infested fields. (Ariz. Coop. Sur.).

CLOVER ROOT CURCULIO (Sitona hispidula) - MARYLAND - Adults light in alfalfa in
Snow Hill area, Worcester County. (U. Md., Ent. Dept.).

SOUTHWESTERN CORN BORER (Zeadiatraea grandiosella) - OKLAHOMA - Dry cornstaliks
checked in Okmulgee County 50 percent infested; field checked in Okfuskee County
10 percent infested. (Okla. Coop. Sur.). ILLINOIS - Survey in Alexander County
revealed 2 living and 23 dead larvae or 8 percent survival. (I11. Ins. Sur.).

EUROPEAN CORN BORER (Ostrinia nubilalis) - ILLINOIS - Surveys show 90 percent
survival in Pulaski and Alexander Counties; some borers rather small but all
appeared healthy. In Iroquois County, 70 percent of borers alive. (111. Ins.
Sur.).

ARMYWORM (Pseudaletia unipuncta) - MARYLAND - Light numbers of small larvae found
in small grain field near Snow Hill, Worcester County. (U. Md., Ent. Dept.).

CUTWORMS - MARYLAND - Light numbers of small larvae of undetermined species found
in small grains near Snow Hill, Worcester County. (U. Md., Ent. Dept.).

LYGUS BUGS (Lygus spp.) - ARIZONA - Nymphs becoming numerous in alfalfa fields of
Yuma, Maricopa and Pinal Counties. (Ariz. Coop. Sur.). UTAH - L. elisus and
Lygus spp. active on alfalfa and mustard in Salt Lake and Weber Counties.
(Knowlton, Mar. 9).

LEAFHOPPERS - ARIZONA - Empoasca spp. light to moderate;now appearing in alfalfa
in Maricopa and Pinal Counties. (Ariz. Coop. Sur.). UTAH - Dikraneura carneola
active on margins of dry farm wheat fields south of Granger, Salt Lake County.
(Knowlton, Mar. 9).

BROWN WHEAT MITE (Petrobia latens) - NEW MEXICO -— Appears to be building up in
Curry County small grain fields; damage noticeable in several fields checked.
(N.M. Coop. Rpt.). OKLAHOMA - Light in wheat in Harmon County. (Okla. Coop.
Survie

WINTER GRAIN MITE (Penthaleus major) - OKLAHOMA - Counts in wheat ranged 0-10 per
linear foot in Kiowa, Tillman, Jackson, Cotton, Comanche, Logan, Kingfisher,
Blaine, Payne and Okfuskee Counties. Mites present in 50 percent of fields
checked. (Okla. Coop. Sur.).

FRUIT INSECTS

PEAR PSYLLA (Psylla pyricola) - OREGON - Egg laying on pear twigs in Jackson
County very pronounced. (Larson).

GREEN PEACH APHID (Myzus persicae) - OREGON - Eggs hatched last week of February;
now feeding on developing buds of apricots, peaches and pears in Jackson County.
Pear growers still applying dormant sprays; early pink spray due in 10 days.
(Berry). :

HALL SCALE (Nilotaspis halli) - CALIFORNIA - Light population found on single
small almond seedling. This is an extension of approximately 300 feet south of
previously infested trees. This and other Prunus spp. are being destroyed.
Intensive survey underway also. (Cal. Coop. Rpt.).

SAN JOSE SCALE (Aspidiotus perniciosus) - OREGON - Infestations on Jackson
County fruit trees appear heavier than in 1963. (Larson).

i PAO)

YELLOW SCALE (Aonidiella citrina) - CALIFORNIA - Nymphs and adults heavy on citrus
nursery stock in Durham, Butte County; medium in citrus in Sanger, Fresno County.
(Cal. Coop. Rpt.).

SPIDER MITES — OREGON - Tetranychus telarius (two-spotted spider mite) and
Eotetranychus carpini borealis (yellow spider mite) moving into developing buds
of pears in Jackson County orchards. (Larson). NEW MEXICO - Bryobia rubrioculus
eggs very light on fruit trees checked in 2 orchards at Bent, Otero County, and

Hondo, Lincoln County. No eggs noted on apple trees checked at Fort Sumner,

De Baca County. (N.M. Coop. Rpt.).

EUROPEAN RED MITE (Panonychus ulmi) —- OREGON -— Eggs seem to be more numerous
this year on all varieties of pears in Jackson County. (Larson).

PEAR RUST MITE (Epitrimerus pyri) - OREGON - Moving from overwintering quarters
in bark scales to developing buds in Jackson County pear orchards. (Larson).

PECAN NUT CASEBEARER (Acrobasis caryae) - TEXAS - Overwintering larvae locally
heavy in hibernacula in Brazos County pecan orchards. (Randolph).

PECAN WEEVIL (Curculio caryae) - TEXAS - Soil examinations indicated heavy
populations of grubs in Kimble County pecan orchards. Ranged up to 12 per
cubic foot of soil. (Van Cleave, Storey, Hancock).

TRUCK CROP INSECTS

POTATO PSYLLID (Paratrioza cockerelli) - ARIZONA - Light, mostly eggs and nymphs,
on lycium plants in Deer Valley and Goodyear area of Maricopa County. (Ariz.
Coop. Sur.).

STRAWBERRY ROOT APHID (Aphis forbesi) - MARYLAND - Eggs heavy with some hatching
found on stems and leaves of strawberries in small plantings at Snow Hill,
Worcester County. Light numbers of Pentatrichopus sp. also present on leaves.
(U. Md., Ent. Dept.).

APHIDS - CALIFORNIA - Sappaphis foeniculus and Myzus persicae (green peach aphid)
medium on carrots in Holtville, Imperial County. (Cal. Coop. Rpt.). ARIZONA -

M. persicae increasing populations found in lettuce fields in Yuma and Maricopa
Counties and sugar beet fields in Maricopa and Pinal Counties. CAriZeiCoop. SureD

CABBAGE LOOPER (Trichoplusia ni) - FLORIDA - Caused light damage to 5 percent
of celery plants in commercial planting at Sanford, Seminole County. (Desin,
Mar. 9). ARIZONA - No increase found in lettuce fields in Maricopa and Yuma
Counties during past week. (Ariz. Coop. Sur.).

A LEAF MINER FLY (Liriomyza sp.) - FLORIDA -— Caused light damage to 100 percent

of 200 celery plants 26 inches high in commercial plantings at Sanford, Seminole
County. (Desin, Mar. 9).

A SPIDER MITE (Tetranychus sp.) -— MARYLAND -— Adults light on old leaves of
strawberries in planting near Salisbury, Wicomico County. (U. Md., Ent. Dept.).

BROWN WHEAT MITE (Petrobia latens) - CALIFORNIA - Medium on carrots in Holtville,
Imperial County. (Cal. Coop. Rpt.).

FOREST, ORNAMENTAL AND SHADE TREE INSECTS

DOUGLAS-FIR BEETLE (Dendroctonus pseudotsugae) - OREGON - Noted emerging 1 month
earlier than usual in Coast Ranges of western part of State. (Rudinsky).

NANTUCKET PINE TIP MOTH (Rhyacionia frustrana) — ARKANSAS - Adults active in
southeastern section, (Warren).

- 210 -

PINE NEEDLE SCALE (Phenacaspis pinifoliae) - COLORADO — Heavy infestation and
very noticeable needle drop on blue spruce in Fort Collins area, Larimer County.
(Thatcher).

A CONIFER SAWFLY (Neodiprion taedae linearis) - ARKANSAS - Adults active in
southeast. (Warren).

SPRING CANKERWORM (Paleacrita vernata) -— MISSOURI - Small numbers of adults
attracted to lights in Columbia, Boone County. (Houser).

A LEAFHOPPER (Koebelia californica) - CALIFORNIA - Nymphs and adults, probably
this species, locally heavy on pine trees in Santa Cruz County. (Cal. Coop. Rpt.).

A LEAFHOPPER (Empoasca abrupta) — DELAWARE — Adults rather numerous and active on
snapdragons in Newark, New Castle County, during December 1964. Collected by

D. F. Bray. Det. by J. P. Kramer. This new State record is the first report

from the northeastern United States. (Burbutis).

APHIDS - ARIZONA - Hysteroneura setariae (rusty plum aphid) continues heavy on
roses and other ornamentals in Phoenix area, Maricopa County. Macrosiphoniella
sanborni (chrysanthemum aphid) found on ornamentals in Yuma, Maricopa, na

and Pima Counties. (Ariz. Coop. Sur.). CALIFORNIA - Capitophorus shepherdiae
light to medium on Franseria dumosa in Seeley, Imperial County. lLachnus salignus
heavy locally on willow trees in Madera, Madera County. (Cal. Coop. Rpt.).
OREGON - Aphis abietina (spruce aphid) increased during warm weather; heavy on
ornamental spruce in Multnomah County. (Nicolaison). OKLAHOMA - Cinara
tujafilina moderate on arborvitae in Garvin County and light in Payne County. An
unidentified species is damaging crocus in Payne County. (Okla. Coop. Sur.).
FLORIDA - All stages of Hysteroneura setariae light on leaves of bird-of-—Paradise
(Strelitzia reginae) at Salerno, Martin County. (Campbell, Feb. 3). This is a
new host record for the Florida Division of Plant Industry. (Fla. Coop. Sur.).

HOLLY LEAF MINER (Phytomyza ilicis) - OREGON - Found in Eugene, Lane

County, on yard plantings of holly. This is a new county record. Other known
infestations are Portland area, Multnomah County and Astoria, Clatsop County.
(Larson).

COCCIDS - FLORIDA - Diaspis echinocacti (cactus scale) all stages severe on
leaves of 3 Christmas cactus plants for sale in store at Holly Hill, Volusia
County. Plants destroyed. (Pott, Feb. 3). Cerococcus sp. all stages light on
425 Hibiscus sp. in nursery at North Miami (Hickman, Feb. 3). Adults moderate
on stem of 20 percent of 500 H. rosa-sinensis in nursery at Miami, Dade County,
(McFarlin, Feb. 4). Pseudaonidia duplex (camphor scale) all stages localized
on leaves of Photinia glabra in nursery at Tallahassee, Leon County. (Miller,
Feb. 1). ALABAMA — Unaspis euonymi (euonymus scale) heavy and very damaging

on dwarf euonymus and Fiorinia theae (tea scale) light to medium on Burford
holly in Ozark, Dale County. (McQueen). CALIFORNIA - Toumeyella liriodendri
(tuliptree scale) nymphs and adults heavy locally on deciduous magnolia in
San Jose, Santa Clara County. Kermes quercus (an oak kermes scale) medium on
live oak in Lompoc, Santa Barbara County. Aulacaspis rosae (rose scale) heavy
locally on rose plantings in San Jose, Santa Clara County. Lepidosaphes machili
(an armored scale) occurring on cymbidium growing stock in nursery in La Mesa
San Diego County. Parlatoria pittospori (an armored scale) heavy locally on
bottlebrush in park in San Diego, San Diego County. Pulvinaria floccifera
(possibly this species) adults heavy on trunk and roots of lantana plants in
park in San Diego, San Diego County. Aspidiotus hederae (oleander scale) heavy
locally on acacia trees in Yuba City, Sutter County. (Cal. Coop. Rpt.).

AN ERIOPHYID MITE (Eriophyes gardeniella Keifer) - FLORIDA - Adults collected
from gardenia at Lacoochee, Pasco County. (O'Berry, Jan. 24), Det. by

H. H. Keifer. This is a new United States record. Described from Mexico City,
Mexico. (Fla. Coop. Sur.).

= PAbdl =

SPIDER MITES (Tetranychus spp.) - ALABAMA — Present on boxwood and extremely
heavy on hollies and pyracanthas at Ozark, Dale County. (McQueen). CALIFORNIA -
T. pacificus (Pacific spider mite) heavy on native yucca plants in Chula Vista,
San Diego County. (Cal. Coop. Rpt.).

A TARSONEMID MITE (Hemitarsonemus latus) - FLORIDA - Eggs found on leaves
of 5 Cissus sp. in plastic greenhouse at Apopka, Orange County. (Van Pelt,
Feb. 10).

EUROPEAN EARWIG (Forficula auricularia) - UTAH - Encountered in home gardens in
Salt Lake-Holladay area, Salt Lake County. (Knowlton, Mar. 9).
INSECTS AFFECTING MAN AND ANIMALS

HOG LOUSE (Haematopinus suis) — OKLAHOMA - Heavy on hogs in Osage County. (Okla.
Coop. Sur.).

LONG-NOSED CATTLE LOUSE (Linognathus vituli) - OKLAHOMA - Heavy on cattle in
Osage and Pawnee Counties. (Okla. Coop. Sur.).

STATUS OF THE SCREW-WORM (Cochliomyia hominivorax) IN THE SOUTHWEST
No screw-worm cases were reported during the period March 7-13 in the United
States. The Republic of Mexico reported 19 screw-worm cases: Sonora 11,

Tamaulipas 4 and one each in Chihuahua, San Luis Potosi, Nuevo Leon and Durango.
Total sterile screw-worm flies released: Texas 2,726,250 and Mexico 49,856,000.

Ratio of Positive Cases

Positive Cases Negative Cases to 100 Cases Negative
Year Current Cumulative Current Cumulative Current Cumulative
Table 1. Comparison of specimens reported during corresponding weeks in

1963 and 1964 in Southwestern Eradication Area.

1963 15 159 46 243 32.60 65,43

1964 1 1 85 368 dbs alee 27

1965 (0) 4 31 468 0.00 85
Table 2. Comparison of specimens reported during corresponding weeks

and in a corresponding area in 1964 in the United States—Mexico
Barrier Zone. *

1964 1 130 16 138 6.25 94.20
1965 17 412 17 267 100.00 154.30

Table 2A. Mexican portion of Barrier Zone only.

1964 0) 125 (0) 44 0.00 284.09
1965 17 410 9 163 188.88 251.53

* Barrier Zone — Area in which Screw-worm eradication operations are being
carried out to prevent establishment of self-sustaining screw-worm popula-—
tions in the United States. (Anim. Dis. Erad. Div.).

COMMON CATTLE GRUB (Hypoderma lineatum) = OKLAHOMA - Light in north central
section; most grubs have left cattle to pupate. (Okla. Coop. Sur.).

= 212 —

CLUSTER FLY (Pollenia rudis) - COLORADO - Extremely abundant and annoying around
homes at Yampa, ROutt County. (Hantsbarger).

A BLACK FLY (Simulium sp.) -— CALIFORNIA - Adults heavy and attacking humans and
pets, particularly dogs, in Big Sur, Monterey County. Infestations developed
during past year and are now locally severe. (Gall Coop eRpt.)).

CHICKEN MITE (Dermanyssus gallinae) - WISCONSIN - Heavy infestation confirmed
from Dane County location. (Wis. Ins. Sur.).

HOUSEHOLD AND STRUCTURAL INSECTS

CARPET BEETLES - INDIANA - Larvae of Attagenus piceus (black carpet beetle)
medium in home in Goodland, Newton County. (Frishman). Adults of Anthrenus
verbasci (varied carpet beetle) annoying in home in Columbus, Bartholomew
County. (Sanders). OKLAHOMA - Anthrenus scrophulariae (carpet beetle) reported
from several homes in Stillwater area, Payne County. (Okla. Coop. Sur.).

A DERMESTID BEETLE -— MARYLAND -— Larvae of undetermined species found in mouse
bait in home at Williamsport, Washington County. Qe Made, Enit]) Depte)r

CIGARETTE BEETLE (Lasioderma serricorne) -—- TEXAS - Locally heavy in homes in
Brazos County. (Randolph). ALABAMA — Concern continues; presently most damaging
to carpets, tapestries, furniture and other products in Mobile County. (Seibels
et al.).

BROWN SPIDER BEETLE (Ptinus clavipes) - ALABAMA — Unusual infestation in Butler
County home; appearing under rugs, on chairs and generally over the house.
Reported in several other counties also. (Speed et al.). MARYLAND - Adults
annoying in home at Poolesville, Montgomery County. (U. Md., Ent. Dept.).

A LEAF BEETLE (Trirhabda flavolimbata) - COLORADO — Nuisance in several locations
in Larimer County; reported particularly in mountain areas. (Hantsbarger).

CLOVER MITE (Bryobia praetiosa) - DELAWARE - Several infestations occurred in homes
in New Castle and Kent Counties. (MacCreary). NEVADA - Entering homes in large
numbers in southern Washoe County. (Coop. Rpt.). MARYLAND - Numerous and
annoying in home at Rockville, Montgomery County. (U. Md., Ent. Dept.).

WINTER GRAIN MITE (Penthaleus major) - TEXAS - Light numbers entering homes and
causing concern in Montague County. (Turney).

A LEAFHOPPER (Keonolla confluens) - NEVADA - Entering homes in large numbers in
southern Washoe County. (Coop. Rpt.).

TWO-SPOTTED STINK BUG (Perillus bioculatus) - DELAWARE - Causing nuisance in at
least 2 homes in New Castle County. (MacCreary).

A CLOTHES MOTH (Tineola sp.) -— MARYLAND - Larvae found in clothes drawer in
home at Linthicum Heights, Anne Arundel County. (U. Md., Ent. Dept.).

SOUTHERN LYCTUS BEETLE (Lyctus planicollis) - COLORADO — Apparently emerging
from newly laid oak flooring in new home in Larimer County. (Thatcher).

A CERAMBYCID BEETLE - INDIANA —- Larvae emerged in home from chest of drawers
in Rushville, Rush County. (Sanders).

BLACK CARPENTER ANT (Camponotus pennsylvanicus) - MISSOURI - Nuisance in home
in Columbia, Boone County. Houser).

SUBTERRANEAN TERMITES (Reticulitermes spp.) - OKLAHOMA - Reported swarming in
Oklahoma County. (Okla. Coop. Sur.).

- 213 =
STORED-PRODUCT INSECTS

CIGARETTE BEETLE (Lasioderma serricorne) -— TEXAS - Locally heavy on stored cotton-
seed in Hidalgo County. (Texas Coop. Rpt.; Strong). ALABAMA - Feeding in small
lot of cottonseed stored in Lee County. (Seibels et al.).

CARPET BEETLE (Anthrenus scrophulariae)— ALABAMA - Larvae destroyed all fishing
lures made with chicken feathers in a tackle store in Mobile County; more than
150 salt-water lures were complete loss. (Seibels).

A DARKLING BEETLE (Tribolium destructor) -— CALIFORNIA - Adults and larvae medium
in stored products in courthouse at Santa Barbara, Santa Barbara County.
(Cal. Coop. Rpt.).

GRAIN MITE (Acarus siro) -— DELAWARE - Heavy in mixture of grain and litter on
farm in New Castle County. Det. by D. Larson. (Burbutis).

BENEFICIAL INSECTS

A BIG-EYED BUG (Geocoris decoratus) - UTAH -— Active in wheat fields and roadside
grasses at Granger, Salt Lake County. (Knowlton, Mar. 9).

MISCELLANEOUS INSECTS

A SNAKE MITE (Ophionyssus natricis) - FLORIDA - Adults taken from Indian
python and boa constrictor in museum at Gainesville, Alachua County. (Weaver,
Feb. 3).

CORRECTIONS
CEIR 14(22):556 — SPIDER MITES - FLORIDA - Oligonychus perditus should read
Oligonychus ununguis (spruce spider mite), 0. perditus is not known to occur

in the United States.

CEIR 15(11):171 -— Under EUROPEAN CORN BORER - Line 5 should read: ... by
Sympiesis viridula (a eulophid) and Horogenes punctorius (an ichneumon).

- 214 -

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- 216 -

ESTIMATED LOSSES AND PRODUCTION COSTS ATTRIBUTED TO INSECTS AND RELATED ARTHROPODS

ATTACKING Cotton (lint ) IN Texas DURING 1964
Commodity (State or District) (Year)
A. Pest or pest complex: Aphids, spider mites, thrips, fleahoppers, tobacco budworm, bollworm, pink bollworn,

(oy Tol del te} fe)

Se © 0 ee © 2 ee Pen

cabbage looper, boll weevil

Number of acres @ produced (From CRS) No. 5,675,000
Average yield per acre a (From CRS) Units/ 349 lbs.
Price? per unit ( 1b. )¢ (From CRS) $/ 28.9
Acres a needing control No. 4,500,000
Acres 4 treated No. 3,500,000

Reduction due to not treating where needed:

H. Loss in yield, percent % 25

I. Loss in yield, units per acre 7, CxH Units/ 87.25 lbs.
J. Loss in yield, $ per acre 7, Dx I $/ 25.22

K. Loss in quality, $ per acre @ $/ 1.00
Yield loss for all acres a (E-F) x I Units 87,250,000 lbs.
Control cost, $ per acre a $/ 6.00
Control cost for all acres Cy FxM $ 21,000,000.00
Yield loss for all acres a, (E-F) x J $ 25 ,220, 000.00
Quality loss for all acres Dee(E=B) a xek $ 1,000, 000.00
Combined control cost and losses, N+0O+P $ 47, 220,000.00

Percent loss due to each insect in the complex:

Comment: These losses do not include loss from disease. A two*month drought from mid-June to mid-August caused

heavy abandonment of dryland cotton in the southern high plains and decreased yields in low plains and blacklands.

Acres, head of cattle or other producing units used by Crop Reporting Service.
Season average price per unit as given by CRS (describe basis).

Bushels, boxes, tons or other marketing units used by CRS; show which in ( ).

Submitted by SS ASG SN eh Sala ase ure aE I ee

Date

January 18, 1965

= 217 -

SUMMARY OF INSECT CONDITIONS IN THE UNITED STATES - 1964
‘(continued from page 204)

FRUIT INSECTS
POME FRUIT INSECTS
Highlights:

In 1964 various MITES, particularly SPIDER MITES, caused the greatest concern to
apple and pear orchardists. The Great Lakes States of Michigan, Ohio, Indiana
and Illinois reported that EUROPEAN RED MITE was the most important arthropod
pest of apples. This spider mite was a major pest of apples in North Carolina,
Maryland and Arkansas, was difficult to control in Delaware and New York, and

was generally troublesome in areas of Maine. The more western States frequently
reported various species of Tetranychus as their major apple pest. CODLING MOTH
was generally kept under control in most of the Nation's pear and apple orchards;
only unsprayed or poorly sprayed orchards suffered any loss. Lepidopterous pests
in general were not a problem in orchards. The few exceptions where losses
occurred on treated trees were localized. APHIDS developed early but in general,
controls were effective. APPLE APHID was persistent in Maine and WOOLLY APPLE
APHID has become a problem in Alabama and New Mexico, however. PEAR PSYLLA
continued as a problem in northern California and it appears to be an increasing
problem in New England States. BEETLES were of little consequence in most States;
an infestation of BROAD-NECKED ROOT BORER threatened a major commercial orchard
in Rhode Island and severely injured trees in 2 Massachusetts orchards. EUROPEAN
APPLE SAWFLY increased in abundance in western Massachusetts; damage to early
flowering cultivars was noticeable in some apple orchards.

EUROPEAN RED MITE (Panonychus ulmi) was responsible for more spraying and monetary
expenditures for chemical control than any other plant-feeding arthropod in
MICHIGAN during the 1964 season. Apples and plums were attacked most, although
pears and other fruit trees in some locations were infested to a lesser degree.
Populations built up in June and peaked at 30 mites and 60 eggs per leaf in
Kalamazoo County research plots during the week of July 13. High populations
continued in many commercial orchards until mid-August when cool temperatures
slowed mite activity. A warming trend in early September led to considerable
hatch and populations were again high in Michigan during mid-September. Over-
wintering eggs began to hatch in Wooster, Wayne County, OHIO, on April 17; peak
occurred from April 27 to May 4. These dates are about average for the area.
European red mite was of more concern in 1964 than it was in 1963 and it was the
major pest on apples. Some growers controlled it effectively through the season.
Infestations of this spider mite built up in a number of orchards the first part
of July and some orchards had threating populations the first half of June. The
first hatch of overwintered eggs in the Vincennes area of Knox County, INDIANA,
occurred on April 6. Populations began an immediate buildup and continued to be
quite persistent through September in many instances. European red mite is now
considered to be the primary arthropod pest of apples in Indiana. European red
mite and other mites were the major pest problem on apples in the State of
ILLINOIS. European red mite reached high populations before the end of May in
southern Illinois and continued to increase in numbers all through the season.
Populations reached very high numbers, sometimes exceeding 200 per leaf.

European red mite is still rated as one of the most troublesome pests of commer-
cial apples in the mountain counties of NORTH CAROLINA; populations were moderate
in 1964. In northern VIRGINIA, European red mite was a pest of apples. This
spider mite caused conspicuous bronzing in several commercial orchards of
MARYLAND during the 1964 season where it is the major problem in apple orchards
in the State. While most apple pests in DELAWARE were under excellent control,

= PANS}

some difficulty in control of European red mite was encountered in many orchards.
Late infestations and buildups during August and September in NEW YORK were noted
in several Champlain Valley orchards where heavy deposition of mite eggs on calyx
end of apples occurred. Weather was favorable for mite buildup during August and
September. Lack of acaricide pressure on mites during this period was considered
a contributing factor. Hatch of European red mite in MAINE began May 8-10 in
central areas of the State. Eggs of the first summer generation were reported
from several areas by May 27-29. Populations were well into the second genera-
tion by mid-June and females of this generation were found in some locations in
late June. Activity was variable through the summer; heavy increases were
observed in Monmouth, Androscoggin County, on untreated apple foliage in early
August. European red mite was generally troublesome where early populations

were permitted to reproduce unhampered.

European red mite was a pest of apples and other fruit trees in many locations in
CALIFORNIA and it was one of the more serious pests of apples in ARKANSAS in 1964,

TWO-SPOTTED SPIDER MITE (Tetranychus telarius) is considered one of the most
serious pests of apples and pears in COLORADO at the present time. There were
occasional flareups in some orchards which became a serious problem to a few
apple growers where extended spray intervals were used. Management of the cover
crops becomes important in control of buildups in orchards. Loss to apples in
Colorado was 1-2 percent with some afteraffects on the trees. This was not so
much a problem on pear orchards as in previous years. Two-spotted spider mite
was controlled with the normal 4 cover sprays in Colorado, In KANSAS, two-
spotted spider mite caused apple foliage to bronze in the Witchita and Manhattan
areas of the central part of the State. This mite caused only slight damage in
northeast Kansas. Mite control is now the number one problem of most Kansas
fruit growers.

FOUR-SPOTTED SPIDER MITE (Tetranychus canadensis) continued to predominate in

some ILLINOIS apple orchards, but two-spotted spider mite reached damaging popula-
tions in many orchards as it had in 1963. High populations of SPIDER MITES
occurred very early in June and continued throughout the season. An increasing
number of fruit growers applied control measures while mite populations were

quite low and prevented damage from occurring even in this severe season.

SPIDER MITE infestations were heavy in immature stages in untreated apple orchards
of Yakima County, WASHINGTON, by late May. All stages were abundant in frost-
damaged, neglected orchards in late July. The first larvae and protonymphs of
Bryobia rubrioculus (a fruit-tree mite) were active on apples in late April in
Whitman County, 3 weeks later than normal. PACIFIC SPIDER MITE (Tetranychus
pacificus) was a pest of pear and other fruits locally in CALIFORNIA,

Two-spotted spider mite and SCHOENE SPIDER MITE (Tetranychus schoenei) were pests
of apples in some areas of VIRGINIA. Tetranychus spp. were a general problem on
apples in most sections of the State of MARYLAND throughout the season.

APPLE RUST MITE (Aculus schlechtendali) was recorded for the first time in the
State of OHIO when it was collected in Wayne County in July. Several orchards
in NEW YORK in the Marlboro-Middle Hope area of Ulster and Orange Counties were
seriously infested by eriophyid mites tentatively identified as apple rust mite.
The mites were first noted in the area in 1963, but injury, presumably caused by
them, had been observed for several years previously. Controls were effective.
Apple rust mite was observed in a 12 to 13-year-old orchard at Peru, Clinton
County, New York, for the first time in 1964. Several infestations occurred in
Orange County.

PEAR RUST MITE (Epitrimerus pyri), like apple rust mite, was recorded for the
first time in OHIO. Collections were made in Wayne and Ashtabula Counties. Pear
rust mite disappeared from Yakima Valley orchards of WASHINGTON which were
infested in 1963. This eriophyid mite was recorded in the Wenatchee area for

the first time.

= Ale) o

PEAR LEAF BLISTER MITE (Eriophyes pyri) was heavy and caused damage in Greene,
Androscoggin County, MAINE, on May 15. Heavy infestations and moderate damage
were observed on Golden Delicious apples in Wilton, Franklin County, on May 19.
In COLORADO, this eriophyid mite was extremely light in pear orchards and very
few specimens were noted in any of the orchards when it was found. No treatments
were used in any of the pear-growing areas for control of pear leaf blister mite.
The pear crop was extremely heavy in Mesa, Montrose, Delta and Garfield Counties
and undersized fruit was the main problem that confronted the grower. Pear leaf
blister mite caused approximately normal damage in UTAH and lighter than normal
damage in CALIFORNIA.

MITES were more troublesome to apple growers in GEORGIA than were insects, but
caused only minor losses because of effective control measures. Damage to apples
in UTAH was generally moderate in Washington County orchards.

CODLING MOTH (Carpocapsa pomonella) damage to Delicious apples was noted at
packing sheds in the Rio Hondo Valley of NEW MEXICO. During early September,
fruit ranged 10-80 percent "wormy" from the Rio Hondo Valley while those in the
Espanola Valley ranged 1-25 percent "wormy."' Light to heavy losses also occurred
in apple orchards in the Fort Sumner area, De Baca County, New Mexico. Codling
moth was kept well under control on apples and pears in COLORADO with a few more
"stings" and entries on apples due to the longer spray intervals and reduced
number of sprays. The overall loss of apples was light and was estimated at

2-6 percent. Most pear growers used an average of 4 cover sprays. Four cover
sprays were posted in most of the areas which coincide with the apple sprays.
Loss of pears was light in Colorado and estimated at 2-3 percent. Activity was
light throughout the season in KANSAS and caused little concern among commercial
growers. Unsprayed Jonathan apple check trees in a commercially sprayed orchard
near Wathena, Doniphan County, had 84 percent of the fruit infested with third-
generation larvae at harvest. Codling moth was of minor concern to apple growers
in INDIANA who followed recommended control procedures during 1964.

First-—brood codling moth injury which had not been troublesome for several years
in NEW YORK was extremely difficult to find in well-sprayed orchards. Late in
the season, a few growers in all parts of the State reported injury on pears and
occasionally on apples. In any case, it was not a serious problem in New York's
commercial plantings. Infestations in MARYLAND during the 1964 season were
generally light and caused little damage in commercial apple orchards,

EYE-SPOTTED BUD MOTH (Spilonota ocellana) infestations in southwestern MAINE were
light and damage was light to negligible in mid-May. No reports of a summer
generation were noted. Population was somewhat below the 1963 level in Maine.

In NEW YORK, eye-spotted bud moth was collected in numbers in the Hudson Valley
and another olethreutid moth, ORIENTAL FRUIT MOTH (Grapholitha molesta), caused
very little injury to quince in New York. There were several instances of injury
to apples in INDIANA by oriental fruit moth.

RED-BANDED LEAF ROLLER (Argyrotaenia velutinana) egg masses were difficult to
find on apple trees in March and April in KANSAS. The infestations remained
light all through the season and little injury was found at the cooperative
packing plant in Wathena, Doniphan County, during harvest. The northeast area
of Kansas is the only place in the State where this leaf roller moth has become
established. Populations were again low in commercial apple orchards of MARYLAND;
however, larvae of another leaf roller moth, FRUIT-TREE LEAF ROLLER (Archips
argyrospilus) were common in unsprayed apple orchards in the Hancock area of
Washington County. Both red-banded leaf roller and fruit-tree leaf roller were
pests of apples in northern VIRGINIA. Infestations of fruit-tree leaf roller
varied from light to heavy on apples in southern Washoe County, NEVADA, during
June. —

YELLOW-NECKED CATERPILLAR (Datana ministra) caused severe defoliation of apple
trees at Valley City in Barnes County, NORTH DAKOTA, and RED-HUMPED CATERPILLAR
(Schizura concinna) defoliated unsprayed apple trees in western PENNSYLVANIA,

= 220) —

BROWN-TAIL MOTH (Nygmia phaeorrhoea) infestations were located in several NEW
HAMPSHIRE towns where t they were found mainly in abandoned or neglected apple
orchards. During the spring of 1964, a total of 1,861 hibernation webs were cut.
Other lepidopterous pests of pome fruit included " UNSPOTTED TENTIFORM LEAF

MINER (Callisto geminatella) in NEW YORK which was noted in one experimental block
but it did not persist into the next brood in the Hudson Valley. This leaf blotch
miner was also found on fruit in MISSOURI. APPLE BARK BORER (Thamnosphecia pyri)
was collected in numbers in New York's Hudson Valley and a LYONITIID MOTH
(Bucculatrix pomifoliella) was markedly abundant in that valley but only in
unsprayed orchards. CLIMBING CUTWORMS (Eupsilia spp.) were much more numerous
than normal throughout OHIO where a black-faced species was quite common on

apple and other fruit trees.

CANKERWORMS caused considerable leaf feeding on apples and crab apples in eastern
NORTH DAKOTA and FALL WEBWORM (Hyphantria cunea) was observed feeding on apple
foliage in that State. APPLE-AND-THORN SKELETONIZER (Anthophila pariana)
continued to defoliate unsprayed trees in western WASHINGTON. WESTERN TENT
CATERPILLAR (Malacosoma pluviale) was found on a crab apple tree shipped into
ALASKA, but it is not believed that this infestation will survive as the tree

was heavily sprayed.

APPLE APHID (Aphis pomi) was somewhat earlier than usual in MAINE. Winged
migrants and several young were observed on Red Delicious apples on June 1 in
Monmouth, Kennebec County. Numbers were generally low throughout the State
during early and mid-June with moderate populations reported from Wilton, Franklin
County, and Monmouth. Heavy infestations were noted in Alfred, York County, in
mid-June and very heavy populations were present in Monmouth at that time.
Reports from other areas indicated very heavy buildup in all sections with strong
populations throughout Maine well into August. Appreciable parasitism was noted
in the central area, but predation was light-to moderate with plant bugs and
flower fly larvae in principal roles. Lady beetles were conspicuously absent

in Maine on apple aphid infestations. Colonies built up on water sprouts during
the summer in some appleorchards in MICHIGAN but injury was considered of little
consequence. Apple aphid was light in all apple orchards checked in COLORADO

and required no additional sprays.

ROSY APPLE APHID (Anuraphis rosea) was active on apples in northern VIRGINIA
during the 1964 season. This aphid was observed in numbers in a few orchards in
the commercial apple-growing section of western MARYLAND. Rosy apple aphid and
APPLE GRAIN APHID (Rhopalosiphum fitchii) were light in all apple areas of
COLORADO and few controls were needed specifically for these aphids.

WOOLLY APPLE APHID (Eriosoma lanigerum) was moderate to heavy in many orchards
in San Juan, Santa Fe and Rio Arriba Counties, NEW MEXICO. In ALABAMA, this
aphid continued to be of major importance in newly established apple orchards in
the Piedmont section, especially in Coosa and Tallapoosa Counties. Unspecified
APHIDS began hatching on apple trees in early April in MASSACHUSETTS and large
populations built up in June,

PEAR PSYLLA (Psylla pyricola) was not so damaging in central WASHINGTON as it

was in 1963. This was due in part to the general applications of postharvest
sprays through prebloom spray and the dry, windy weather in May which killed many
nymphs. Populations in Clark County in early summer were heavy, but not until
after harvest in central Washington. Pear psylla continued a problem on pears

in northern CALIFORNIA. Egg hatch was largely completed in southwestern MICHIGAN
by the week ending May 15. Sprays kept this psyllid under control in all but

a few commercial orchards. Some resistant populations were reported in Michigan
in 1964, Activity was about normal in NEW YORK and there were no reports of
serious injury where spray programs were maintained. Pear psylla was more
important in home orchards than in commercial orchards in CONNECTICUT. Observa-—
tions in the field and the number of specimens submitted indicate some buildup

on individual trees in RHODE ISLAND; there are practically no commercial pear

= Bl &

orchards in the State. Overwintered pear psylla adults were present on twigs in
early April in MASSACHUSETTS and a few eggs were deposited by April 10. The
first hatching was observed April 30. Most infestations in Massachusetts were
easily controlled.

SAN JOSE SCALE (Aspidiotus perniciosus) infested 2 commercial apple orchards in
MARYLAND in the Hancock area of Washington County. Oil sprays will be required
in 1965 for control.

TARNISHED PLANT BUG (Lygus lineolaris) was much more abundant in MASSACHUSETTS
than usual on fruit buds of apple early in the season. Warm weather during and
prior to bloom increased the amount of injury. This plant bug dimpled many
fruits, especially Delicious apple cultivars. Although injury caused by PLANT
BUGS was fairly prevalent on unsprayed pears and apples throughout NEW YORK,
losses seemed to be insignificant. Plant bugs injured apples in OHIO and
although damage was considered of minor concern, an unusual amount of injured
apples was noted.

Adults of a PERIODICAL CICADA (Magicicada septendecim) appeared in apple orchards
and timberlands in KANSAS along the Missouri River bluffs in Doniphan County
north and west of Wathena about May 23. Emergence was at a peak by June 3 with
injury apparently light in most orchards. One young apple planting north of
Blair showed many damaged or broken twigs by August 15.

PLUM CURCULIO (Conotrachelus nenuphar) injury to apples was higher in MASSACHUSETTS
in 1964 than it had been in several years. Unusually warm weather in May greatly
increased activity and as many growers had not applied a cover spray at that

time, considerable injury resulted. Heavy injury occurred May 22-25. Injury

to apples was considerably higher in western Massachusetts. Some serious injury
occurred in unsprayed apples in OHIO but very minor damage was found in sprayed
orchards. A single adult of APPLE CURCULIO (Tachypterellus quadrigibbus) was
jarred from an unsprayed apple tree: in Kingston, Washington County, RHODE ISLAND,
on May 27.

BROAD-NECKED ROOT BORER (Prionus laticollis) infestation threatened the existence
of a major commercial orchard in RHODE ISLAND at Glocester, Providence County.
Identification was confirmed by Dr. D. M. Anderson, This cerambycid beetle also
damaged a crab apple tree in Richmond, Washington County. Adults were collected
in Burrillville and Johnston, Providence County, Rhode Island, on July 20.
Broad-necked root borer was damaging in at least 2 orchards in MASSACHUSETTS,
with about 5 percent of the trees in one young planting severely injured and

some trees killed. Another CERAMBYCID BEETLE (Oberea sp.) was noted in VIRGINIA
on apple trees locally.

An adult of APPLE MAGGOT (Rhagoletis pomonella) was taken on June 26 in MAINE
from infested Wealthy apples and first emergence from McIntosh apples occurred
June 30, Peak emergence was reached July 17; adult numbers declined steadily
from that date and activity ceased on August 17. Control was generally excellent
throughout Maine with only a few problems. Infestations were observed in several
unsprayed apple orchards in MARYLAND in the Hancock area of Washington County.

A moderate to heavy infestation of a CECIDOMYIID MIDGE (Dasyneura mali), a leaf-
curling species, was noted in Turner, Androscoggin County, MAINE, in late June.

EUROPEAN APPLE SAWFLY (Hoplocampa testudinea) continued its increase in abundance
in western MASSACHUSETTS for the second consecutive year. Apples in some orchards
were noticeably damaged, especially early blooming cultivars. In NEW YORK, the
distribution of European apple sawfly is more or less static; however, it still
poses a serious threat to fruit as indicated by observation of unsprayed trees,
Damage to commercial blocks was very slight owing to the spray program followed.
European apple sawfly has not yet been found in the Champlain Valley nor in
western New York. Skeletonized leaves of pear and cherry trees in a few orchards
near Albuquerque, NEW MEXICO, were attributed to a SAWFLY, possibly Caliroa cerasi
(pear-slug).

= 222 -

FLOWER THRIPS (Frankliniella tritici) was very abundant in the spring in ILLINOIS
and is believed to cause a dimple on apple fruit; this condition has been
abundant for the past several years.

STONE FRUIT INSECTS
Highlights:

LESSER PEACH TREE BORER was the major pest of peaches in Michigan and perhaps in
Indiana and Illinois, while PEACH TREE BORER was the major pest of this crop in
Georgia; in Alabama these two aegeriid moths are considered as equal pests of
peaches. A related pest, Sanninoidea sp., seriously weakened or killed peach
trees in several New Mexico counties. Other lepidopterous larvae were in general
well controlled in the Nation; one exception appears to have been ORIENTAL FRUIT
MOTH in Washington, Several other peach-growing States reported that larvae of
this olethreutid moth were serious or caused twig or tip injury, however. GREEN
PEACH APHID may be expected to be heavy in the spring of 1965 on peaches in
Massachusetts and some control difficulty with this aphid was experienced in
Pennsylvania in 1964. Other aphids were heavy locally but apparently did not
present any unusual problems on stone fruits. WHITE PEACH SCALE was a consider-
able problem in part of the Georgia Peach Belt. CATFACING INSECTS including
GREEN STINK BUG and PLANT BUGS were local problems on peach orchards. PLUM
CURCULIO was the most important insect problem in the sandhills of North Carolina
on peaches, Other peach-producing areas of the Nation generally reported good
control on well-sprayed trees. SPIDER MITES on stone fruits required controls

in every State reporting.

LESSER PEACH TREE BORER (Synanthedon pictipes) infestations were severe on plums
in NORTH DAKOTA at Wyndmere, Richland County, and Mandan, Morton County. This
clearwing moth continued to be a major pest on peach trees in ILLINOIS. Popula-
tions had increased considerably in some orchards after the 1963 season in which
very little spraying was done. Moth emergence was observed in Illinois as early
as May 1. Economic damage in INDIANA was quite prevalent and heavier than in
past years. Adult emergence began in April and continued into October, Lesser
peach tree borer is rapidly becoming the primary peach problem in Indiana. First
overwintering larvae in OHIO pupated and emerged as adults on May 15-18 with peak
emergence about June 19-26. Lesser peach tree borer was generally present in a
number of peach orchards but only a few orchards had heavy infestations in Ohio.
General adult emergence was underway in MICHIGAN from Berrien to Grand Traverse
Counties the second week of June. Peak emergence in Oceana County research plots
occurred in early July. A few moths were still emerging the second week of
September, This clearwing moth is the most serious insect pest of peaches in
Michigan and injury is widespread even though considerable expenditure for
control is made. Lesser peach tree borer injury was rather heavy in some GEORGIA
peach orchards although the general infestation was somewhat lighter than that

of a year when there is more winter injury and more dead and dying trees.

PEACH TREE BORER (Sanninoidea exitiosa) and lesser peach tree borer were,as usual,
the most destructive pests of peach trees in ALABAMA. Infestations of peach tree
borer were very heavy in some GEORGIA peach orchards in 1964 as they were in 1963.
It continued to cause considerable damage in many peach orchards. The general
infestation continued heavier than that of an average year, Peach tree borer
continued as the number one peach problem in Georgia. Peach tree borer was
numerous in the sandhills area of NORTH CAROLINA in late June. Peach growers in
that area regularly apply insecticides for control. In KANSAS, larvae were found
in 50-80 percent of the peach trees examined while being dug from unsprayed
nursery rows during November. Most of the borers were from one-quarter to one-
half inch long. There is no indication of an increase in damage in bearing peach

= 223) —

orchards in Kansas sprayed for control. Peach tree borer continues to be a
problem in new peach orchards of ARKANSAS. Spraying of trunks in established
orchards is an effective practice and holds numbers low. In NEW MEXICO, larvae
of Sanninoidea sp. seriously weakened or killed peach trees in both dooryard and
commercial plantings in Bernalillo, Sandoval, San Juan, Rio Arriba and Valencia
Counties.

ORIENTAL FRUIT MOTH (Grapholitha molesta) larvae infesting fruits caused very

few problems in commercial peach orchards of southwestern MICHIGAN, Better

spray programs during recent years have greatly reduced losses caused by this
olethreutid moth. Fruit and terminal injury in OHIO in commercial peach orchards
seemed to be unusually low and relatively light injury to fruit was observed in
unsprayed orchards, The first adults of the 1964 season were collected April 27
in INDIANA. Activity in peach orchards continued for the remainder of the season,
Oriental fruit moth was found in a few ILLINOIS peach orchards but it was mostly
well controlled. As usual, in MISSOURI, considerable twig injury on terminals

of peaches occurred but most growers sustained no damage to fruit. Oriental fruit
moth caused less injury to peach fruit in Missouri than it had for several years
but tip injury in unsprayed young orchards was severe. This olethreutid moth
became definitely established in part of the peach-growing area of Mesa County,
COLORADO, and intensive work in delineating the area by bait traps was conducted.
From the bait-trap records, an intensive spray program was underway in the
affected area in an effort to reduce the initial population level. Adults were
taken all during the season in bait traps; however, only a small number of larvae
entered the fruit. A survey made of fruits during the harvest season in Colorado
showed a loss of 1-2 percent; however, in another year this could change
considerably. Oriental fruit moth was a serious pest of late peaches in
CALIFORNIA. Larvae of this moth caused moderate flagging injury to peaches in
early June in the lower Yakima Valley of WASHINGTON, and adults were observed

by late June. Oriental fruit moth was much more abundant than normal by August
and difficult to control.

Oriental fruit moth caused very little injury to peaches in NEW YORK in 1964
although there was some third-brood injury late in the season, particularly in
western New York. Growers were able to obtain good control by following warnings
which were issued. In PENNSYLVANIA, oriental fruit moth was more serious on
peaches than it had been for several seasons, Terminal injury to peaches was
noted early in the season in MARYLAND and during July in the Hancock area of
Washington County. Overall infestations during the season were generally light
in Maryland, especially in well-sprayed orchards, Oriental fruit moth occurred
throughout ALABAMA on peaches and plums but the extent of damage to fruit is
questionable.

PEACH TWIG BORER (Anarsia lineatella) larvae were numerous in 2 young peach
plantings in Doniphan County, KANSAS, in April. Over 50 percent of the tips were
infested. In COLORADO peach orchards, larvae of this gelechiid moth were light
and caused 2-3 percent loss. Better control was attributed to the increased
number of sprays used by growers for oriental fruit moth control. Young larvae
of peach twig borer began penetrating peach and apricot terminals in WASHINGTON
in late April. This was 2 weeks later than normal. Larvae were boring into
green apricot fruits by early May in Whitman County.

Several other lepidopterous pests of stone fruits reported in 1964 include:
CARPENTERWORM (Prionoxystus robiniae) which damaged winter-injured cherry trees
in Yakima County, WASHINGTON, and WESTERN TUSSOCK MOTH (Hemerocampa vetusta) which
was locally damaging to prunes in a few CALIFORNIA locations, FALL WEBWORM
(Hyphantria cunea) larvae were observed feeding on plums and chokecherry in
NORTH DAKOTA. Populations of climbing CUTWORMS (Eupsilia spp.) were much higher
than normal throughout OHIO where they were quite common on cherry, plum and
peach trees. CIGAR CASEBEARER (Coleophora serratella) were numerous on cherry

at Newport, Newport County, RHODE ISLAND, in late July.

- 224 -

GREEN PEACH APHID (Myzus persicae) was quite abundant on peaches in PENNSYLVANIA
and in some instances did not respond to treatments. Fall migrants and oviparae
were much more abundant than usual in MASSACHUSETTS on peaches; this could result
in large populations in the spring of 1965. Overwintering egg counts of green
peach aphid made during the winter of 1963 in COLORADO showed 80-percent reduction
over that of the previous year on peaches. This reduction indicated that there
should have been a light population level in the spring of 1964. All areas
checked in Colorado confirmed this prediction. BLACK CHERRY APHID (Myzus cerasi)
was locally heavy in both RHODE ISLAND and CALIFORNIA. APPLE APHID (Aphis pomi
occurred on prunes in Sonoma County, CALIFORNIA.

WHITE PEACH SCALE (Pseudaulacaspis pentagona) was present in some orchards in
the GEORGIA Peach Belt and quite abundant in peach orchards at Barney, Brooks
County, where it caused considerable damage in some orchards. Summer sprays
have proved to be ineffective against this scale insect in Georgia. In TEXAS,
white peach scale occurred on peaches in the central, northeastern and north
central areas; however, infestations were generally light. A flareup of GRAPE
MEALYBUG (Pseudococcus maritimus) occurred in the lower Yakima Valley of
WASHINGTON.

Deformed and gnarled peaches were not unusually prevalent in GEORGIA, These, in
some cases, were due to special sprays for STINK BUGS, COREID BUGS and TARNISHED
PLANT BUG (Lygus lineolaris) control. CATFACING INSECTS were not a problem in
commercial peach orchards of MARYLAND. Tarnished plant bug was much more abundant
than usual on fruit buds of peaches early in the season in MASSACHUSETTS. Warm
weather during and prior to bloom increased the amount of damage. HICKORY PLANT
BUG (Lygocoris caryae) and L. quercalbae continued to plague one peach orchard

in the Amherst area of Massachusetts. Some plant bug injury was observed in

OHIO peach orchards. GREEN STINK BUG (Acrosternum hilare) injury caused over 50
percent of the fruit to be culled in a peach orchard near Blair in northeastern
KANSAS. Lygus spp. were well controlled in COLORADO by following the recommended
spray programs. CATFACING BUGS attacked peaches and plums over a wide area of
TEXAS.

PLUM CURCULIO (Conotrachelus nenuphar) second brood emerged in the sandhills
peach-growing area of NORTH CAROLINA in late June. This is the most important
peach insect problem in North Carolina. Infestations in GEORGIA peaches were
very light in 1964 as they have been in the 4 previous years, Plum curculio was
practically absent in some peach orchards and the general infestation is now

the lightest ever in more than 40 years of observation by one reporter. New
insecticides and more efficient spraying equipment, together with better spray
schedules, are largely responsible for this reduced infestation. The hibernating
population of adults in the Georgia Peach Belt in the winter of 1964-65 is very
light. The production of quality peaches in ALABAMA is impossible without proper
control of this weevil. Moderate to heavy infestations developed on untreated
plums in central and southern LOUISIANA in 1964,

Plum curculio has caused little injury to commercially produced fruits in KANSAS
for several years. The fruits on 4 unsprayed peach trees in Wathena, Doniphan
County, were heavily infested with second-generation larvae in August. The first
larvae to leave dropped plum fruit in Wooster, Wayne County, OHIO, were noted on
June 12, Summer-brood adults began to emerge on Independence Day, but very minor
damage was found in unsprayed orchards, Some serious injury occurred on unsprayed
cherries in Ohio, The first adults of the season in MICHIGAN were jarred from
stone fruit in Livingston County on May 5, which is earlier than usual. Good
spray programs kept injury in commercial orchards low in Michigan.

SHOT-HOLE BORER (Scolytus rugulosus) damaged dooryard and commercial peach trees
in NEW MEXICO. Dooryard plantings were injured at Tucumcari, Quay County, and
commercial peach orchards in Sandoval, Rio Arriba, Santa Fe, Bernalillo and San
Juan Counties. Light, local attacks of DRIED-FRUIT BEETLE (Carpophilus hemipterus)
on peaches were reported in Denton County, TEXAS, and occasional light feeding

by JAPANESE BEETLE (Popillia japonica) was observed on plums and cherries at
Wooster, Wayne County, OHIO.

= 225 =

BLACK CHERRY FRUIT FLY (Rhagoletis fausta) adults emerged in MICHIGAN on May 25
in Kent County and at Kingsley, Grand Traverse County, on May 31. This is the
earliest known emergence record for this fruit fly in northern Michigan. CHERRY
MAGGOT (Rhagoletis cingulata cingulata) was practically nonexistent in OHIO in
1964 following heavy bird depredation to cherries in 1963 and the unusually heavy
cherry crop in 1964, Cherry maggot was very numerous in wild cherries in RHODE
ISLAND from July into September and adults were caught on sticky board traps.
Surveys in CALIFORNIA, for the western subspecies, Rhagoletis cingulata
indifferens, continued in the eradication project in Siskiyou and Humboldt
Counties. Locally, a few adults were trapped and only 2 properties showed larval
infestations. Eradication treatment was applied in all suspect cases.

EUROPEAN RED MITE (Panonychus ulmi) was again the most severe problem on peaches
and apples in NEW JERSEY and many regularly sprayed orchards had bronzed foliage
in September. European red mite mainly attacked plums and apples in MICHIGAN,
although cherries, peaches and pears in some locations were infested to a lesser
degree. Populations built up in June and peaked at 30 mites and 60 eggs per leaf
in Kalamazoo County research plots during the week of July 13. A warming trend
in early September led to considerable hatch and populations were again high in
mid-September in Michigan. European red mite was a pest of prunes and other
trees in many locations in CALIFORNIA and PACIFIC SPIDER MITE (Tetranychus
pacificus) was locally a peSt on peaches and other fruits in that State. TWO-
SPOTTED SPIDER MITE (Tetranychus telarius) was well controlled with the spray
programs for peaches in COLORADO. This spider mite caused peach foliage to
bronze in the Wichita and Manhattan areas of KANSAS; mites were more difficult
to control than in prévious years. Two-spotted spider mite was one of the more
serious pests of peaches in ARKANSAS. PEACH SILVER MITE (Aculus cornutus) was
well controlled in COLORADO, but unspecified MITES were more damaging to peaches
than to apples in Washington County, UTAH.

GENERAL DECIDUOUS FRUIT INSECTS

EUROPEAN RED MITE (Panonychus ulmi) winter eggs hatched in late April in Yakima
County, WASHINGTON, 2 weeks later than normal, This spider mite was more

abundant and/or damaging than normal in UTAH. European red mite appears occasion-
ally in northeastern KANSAS where a few were found in 2 orchards near Wathena in
May but no injury was noted. Despite heavy numbers of overwintering eggs in
MISSOURI, good control was obtained over the State, European red mite was
troublesome in some areas of MINNESOTA, but responded to early treatment in
PENNSYLVANIA, Overwintering eggs ranged light to moderate in NEW YORK. The

early season development of this mite was generally slow, but the warm, dry
weather in June and July was very favorable for rapid buildup later. When
inadequate controls had been applied, heavy populations could be found in late
June, July and early August. Failures in obtaining satisfactory control with

oil applied in the pink and later sprays can be attributed largely to inadequate
spray coverage. No conclusive evidence of resistance to any recommended acaricide
was noted in New York as many growers had adequate seasonal control with prebloom
applications of oil or an acaracide followed with a supplemental acaricide spray
in late June or July. European red mite increased in CONNECTICUT in 1964 and
warm, dry weather in August caused population increases in MASSACHUSETTS.

European red mite was troublesome in some VERMONT orchards this season,

TWO-SPOTTED SPIDER MITE (Tetranychus telarius) was well up in trees on an earlier
than average date in MAINE although light to moderate in most locations; it

caused problems from mid-July on. Late-season populations increased noticeably

in NEW HAMPSHIRE and required special spray applications in some orchards, Two-
spotted spider mite populations were generally below the usual levels in most
MASSACHUSETTS orchards, but were again high in CONNECTICUT. Generally, two-
spotted spider mite was not a problem in NEW YORK, although late in the season

it could be found in most orchards where its presence was either masked by heavier
populations of European red mite or where serious populations did not develop.

— 226 -

Buildup of two-spotted spider mite on weed hosts during the summer in New York's
Champlain Valley and the dry weather encouraged migration into trees. Two-
spotted spider mite populations were high but spotty on susceptible fruits in
MICHIGAN. Sprays directed mainly against European red mite generally kept this
mite reduced. Generally, only a few very light infestations of two-spotted
spider mite occurred in OHIO. This mite became active in early April in INDIANA
and continued to be a pest through September. However, populations were not so
troublesome as those of European red mite. Two-spotted spider mite was trouble-
some in some MINNESOTA areas and was active on various fruits over NORTH DAKOTA,
Two-spotted spider mite adults were in tops of fruit trees in WASHINGTON early
and first eggs hatched in early May in the Yakima area. Two-spotted spider mite
damaged many deciduous fruit trees throughout CALIFORNIA.

SPIDER MITES were one of the most prevalent fruit pests in NEVADA. Tetranychus
spp. were serious in orchards when not controlled in NEW MEXICO in Hundo Valley,
Lincoln County; Velarde, Rio Arriba County; Farmington-Aztec area of San Juan
County; and in the Corrales and Sandoval areas of Sandoval and Bernalillo
Counties. In LOUISIANA, Tetranychus spp. developed heavy populations in some
fields in Livingston and Tangipahoa Parishes. In general, MITES were not
unusually abundant in GEORGIA in 1964 and controls were required in very few
instances. Mite populations were lower than usual in CONNECTICUT through August,
but the peak population appeared later than usual. Undetermined mites were
severe on most deciduous fruit crops in CALIFORNIA.

APPLE MAGGOT (Rhagoletis pomonella) activity was unusually late in NEW HAMPSHIRE
and problems were appreciably less in VERMONT than over the past 3 years. Drought
in most of MASSACHUSETTS resulted in poor adult emergence but damaging numbers
occurred in some eastern area orchards. Adults of apple maggot were caught on
sticky board traps in RHODE ISLAND. It was under control in most commercial
orchards and there were fewer complaints from home growers than in 1963 in

Rhode Island. Apple maggot continued abundant in CONNECTICUT home orchards

and was present in normal numbers in NEW YORK in the Hudson Valley but presented
no unusual problems. In western New York, growers in a few scattered orchards,
and some canners, reported a slight increase in the amount of injury. This

injury was generally attributed to overextending the interval between applications
during the critical period and to stopping the spray program too early in the
season. Over the past several years, maggot activity seemed to extend later in
the season than previously. Apple maggot was the most frequent and serious
problem identified in home and other noncommercial plantings in New York. Apple
maggot appears to be the number 2 problem on apples in northern NEW JERSEY;
however, this fly is found in all parts of the State. Apple maggot was again a
problem in PENNSYLVANIA where controls were not used.

Apple maggot flies emerged in very low numbers or none at all in some places in
MINNESOTA, The warm, dry weather and the resultant dry, hard ground apparently
interfered with emergence in some localities. Populations were relatively low
in WISCONSIN; this could be attributed in a great part to the lack of rainfall.
Apple maggot was generally well controlled in northern ILLINOIS but damage was
high on unsprayed and neglected trees.. Adults emerged earlier and persisted
later in the season than noramlly in MICHIGAN. General emergence began June 22
in southern counties and latest collections were made from sticky board and
experimental Frick traps in Ingham County during the week of September 23,
Owing to good spray programs, few commercial problems were experienced in Michigan.
Adults were first trapped in northeastern OHIO on June 12 and in southern Ohio
the first week of June. Both. records seem to be much earlier than usual.
Although a few small commercial orchards reported serious damage, the majority
of orchardists in Ohio had no problems with this pest,

RED-BANDED LEAF ROLLER (Argyrotaenia velutinana) was a minor problem in some
locations in NEW JERSEY but it was not a threat to any grower. Injury was
practically absent in the Hudson Valley of NEW YORK. In western New York, this
leaf roller moth was extremely difficult to find during the first brood. Where

= 227 —

some second-brood activity was observed, growers were able to bring this pest
under control before serious injury occurred. Red-banded leaf roller was at
lower levels in New York's Champlain Valley than it had been in the past,
Populations were low for the second straight year in MASSACHUSETTS. This leaf
roller moth was not found in RHODE ISLAND, and only light infestations were
reported in MAINE from Upper Gloucester and Standish, Cumberland County, in
early June. Larvae were in the first instar at that time. Moderate populations
were reported in Cumberland, Cumberland County, in late June when larval develop-
ment ranged first to third instars; damage was light. By mid-June, appreciable
first and third-—brood damage was found in several orchards in southwestern Maine.

Red-banded leaf roller problems were practically nonexistent in MICHIGAN nor were
they of concern to OHIO growers in 1964, and populations remained low in ILLINOIS.
Red-banded leaf roller was found on fruits in MISSOURI, It was abundant in Door
County orchards of WISCONSIN in early June with second-brood adults noted July 3
and some larval feeding reported from Sheboygan County in mid-August. Damage

was not very extensive in MINNESOTA owing to low populations.

FRUIT-TREE LEAF ROLLER (Archips argyrospilus) was locally damaging to deciduous
fruit trees in several widely separated areas of CALIFORNIA. It was collected

on fruits in MISSOURI and appeared again in southern and western ILLINOIS but
caused little damage. Populations were reportedly high in the Door County area

of WISCONSIN. The second-brood adult flight occurred in that area the last

week of June. Fruit-tree leaf roller was more numerous than usual in CONNECTICUT,
and this species and OBLIQUE-BANDED LEAF ROLLER (Archips rosaceanus) were
collected in numbers in the Hudson Valley of NEW YORK,

CODLING MOTH (Carpocapsa pomonella) was lighter in ARKANSAS in 1964 than it was

in 1963. This pest was first noted in central and southeastern MISSOURI on

May 18 and was troublesome late in the season. Overwintering populations are
expected to be high in Missouri. Emergence of the first brood was very rapid

in ILLINOIS during warm weather but was well controlled. However, continued

warm weather in late season again revealed the ability of codling moth to survive
at very low numbers and then demonstrate a rapid increase. A number of orchardists
over Illinois were surprised during early harvest with a sudden appearance of new
entries. There was essentially little difference between 1963 and 1964 at
Madison, WISCONSIN. Damage was not very extensive in MINNESOTA in 1964 owing

to low populations. Adult codling moth emergence of the spring brood began May 16
in MICHIGAN in Van Buren County cages. Heavy emergence occurred May 22-26 which
is earlier than usual, First larval entries were observed on June 8, General,
widespread emergence of second-brood moths in southern and central Lower Peninsula
counties of Michigan started July 20; well-timed sprays kept commercial problems
low. The first adults of the season emerged at Wooster, Wayne County, OHIO,

May 8-12 with a peak about May 15-22, but injury was no problem in most orchards,

Codling moth was generally light throughout MAINE but damage was somewhat higher
than usual. Eggs hatched from June 8 through August 27 in NEW HAMPSHIRE, but

no peak was denoted. Problems in VERMONT were appreciably fewer than those
encountered over the previous 3 years. A significant increase was noted on
unsprayed trees in CONNECTICUT. Codling moth was collected in numbers in the
Hudson Valley of NEW YORK and at lower numbers in the Champlain Valley. Codling
moth was difficult to find in well-sprayed commercial orchards of NEW JERSEY;
however, it was plentiful in unsprayed trees. Pupation began April 8 in Yakima
County, WASHINGTON, and the second generation started in late July. Codling moth
was a continuing problem on deciduous fruits in CALIFORNIA.

ORIENTAL FRUIT MOTH (Grapholitha molesta) infestations were heavier in GEORGIA
than those of 1963 or of an average year. This moth was collected in numbers

in the Hudson Valley of NEW YORK and was more numerous than usual in CONNECTICUT,
Oriental fruit moth was lighter in ARKANSAS but required treatments.

- 228 -

LEAF BLOTCH MINERS (Lithocolletis spp.) were heavy in southern GEORGIA with

L. caryaefoliella probably the species involved. In NEW YORK, L. bianchardella
Was markedly abundant in the Hudson Valley and very abundant in some orchards in
Columbia County in the spring, at the time of the overwintering-brood flight, but
the second brood failed to develop damaging populations. L. blanchardella which
became a control problem in the Calhoun County area of ILLINOIS during the past 2
seasons, was not a problem in 1964.

EASTERN TENT CATERPILLAR (Malacosoma americanum) was widely distributed on various
fruit trees in central TEXAS, with the 1964 infestation equal to those of 1962 and
1963. It was quite destructive in localized areas of Texas. Malacosoma spp.

were damaging to deciduous fruit trees in a few CALIFORNIA locations. First hatch
of Malacosoma sp. was about May 3 in San Juan County, WASHINGTON,and heavy infes-
tation occurred on fruit trees and other plants by late May in Clark County.

FALL WEBWORM (Hyphantria cunea) was common in northeastern OKLAHOMA in September
but caused little damage. First webs were noted in Dougherty County, GEORGIA,
April 15; infestations were light to heavy, but mostly moderate. PEACH TWIG

BORER (Anarsia lineatella) damage was general in Washington County, UTAH, and a
continuing problem on CALIFORNIA deciduous fruits all year.

Various CUTWORMS caused greater than usual injury during late May in MICHIGAN
and continued damaging through mid-June. Light to serious injury was reported
from many counties of both the Upper and Lower Peninsulas of Michigan. Climbing
species damaged fruit. A NOCTUID MOTH (Catocala sp.) occurred generally over
TEXAS following the same pattern as in 1963,

ROSY APPLE APHID (Anuraphis rosea) was somewhat heavier than usual in MAINE,

with appreciable populations reported at locations in York, Franklin and Kennebec
Counties. Neither rosy apple aphid nor APPLE APHID (Aphis pomi) were conspicuous
in commercial orchards of RHODE ISLAND. The greatest populations were found on
sucker growth of neglected trees. Apple aphid numbers were down slightly from
past years in CONNECTICUT. Rosy apple aphid, apple aphid and APPLE GRAIN APHID
(Rhopalosiphum fitchii) were not problems in well-sprayed orchards in NEW YORK
but could be readily found in abandoned or unsprayed trees. These same three
aphids were abundant quite early in PENNSYLVANIA. Apple aphid was general in

a number of OHIO orchards although injurious only in a few instances. Large
numbers of apple aphid were noted in 2 orchards in northeastern Ohio in late
summer and occasional instances of rather serious damage by rosy apple aphid

were observed over the State. Rosy apple aphid and apple aphid could be found

in most locations in NEW JERSEY, but they were well controlled by the recommended
materials. Rosy apple aphid developed unnoticed in ILLINOIS so that populations
appeared in mid-May in the south where controls were required. Egg counts of
apple aphid were low in Illinois and this aphid gave little difficulty. Apple
grain aphid was troublesome in some areas of MINNESOTA, Rosy apple aphid infesta-
tions were very local in CALIFORNIA, but GREEN PEACH APHID (Myzus persicae)
damaged deciduous trees generally and persisted for a longer period than usual

in that State.

SAN JOSE SCALE (Aspidiotus perniciosus) was one of the predominant scale insect
pests of fruit in ALABAMA, In GEORGIA,the phosphate sprays used during the
growing season are keeping this armored scale under control; therefore, it has
not been present in most commercial orchards where the recommended spray has
been used. San Jose scale seems to be building up-in the tops of large trees

in a few scattered blocks throughout NEW YORK; this can be attributed generally
to poor spray coverage. A few orchards in INDIANA have reported persistent
populations of San Jose scale which appear to be resistant to many of the currently
recommended control procedures. Damage to fruit trees in northern counties of
NEW MEXICO continued where this scale insect was not controlled. San Jose scale
was found at 2 locations in COLORADO on abandoned trees; none were found in any
commercial plantings. Infestations continued statewide on deciduous fruit trees
in CALIFORNIA.

- 229 —

Other coccids reported on fruit included: APPLE MEALYBUG (Phenococcus aceris)

in MAINE where heavy infestations in South Bridgton, Cumberland County, in mid-
June and Wilton, Franklin County, in late June were noted. The South Bridgton
population was moderately parasitized by an unidentified encyrtid wasp. Crawlers
of OYSTERSHELL SCALE (Lepidosaphes ulmi) were active in Maine on May 22 in

Turner, Androscoggin County, and on May 29 in Sidney, Kennebec County. Oyster-
shell scale seems to be building up in the tops of large trees in a few blocks

at scattered locations in NEW YORK. WHITE PEACH SCALE (Pseudaulacaspis pentagona)
was one of the more predominant scale insects on fruit in ALABAMA. Hatch of
EUROPEAN FRUIT LECANIUM (Lecanium corni) occurred during the week ending June 26
in Ingham County, MICHIGAN, but few fruit plantings were troubled by this soft
scale. European fruit Tecanium was found at 2 locations in COLORADO in abandoned
trees; none was found in any commercial plantings. Widespread, local infestations
of OLIVE SCALE (Parlatoria oleae) occurred in many CALIFORNIA counties on decid-
uous and other fruit trees.

TARNISHED PLANT BUG (Lygus lineolaris) adult activity and damage were higher than
normal in MAINE following a sudden warm spell in May and Lygus spp. were found
on fruits in MISSOURI.

Brood IV PERIODICAL CICADAS (Magicicada spp.) were active in MISSOURI from May 25
to July 3 with 3 species, M. septendecim, M. septendecula and M. cassini being
taken, This is the first time M. septendecim has been taken in Missouri with
Brood IV. Another CICADA (Diceroprocta apache) caused severe damage to many
fruit trees during the summer in most areas of ARIZONA,

PLUM CURCULIO (Conotrachelus nenuphar) populations and damage were light in
Sanford and Alfred, York County, MAINE. Only in locations where poor or no
control measures were taken did this weevil cause other than negligible damage
in Maine. First adults of the season were collected in Kingston, Washington
County, RHODE ISLAND, on May 22 with adult abundance occurring about the first
of June. Observations and reports indicated moderate populations and short
periods of adult activity occurred in Rhode Island in 1964, In CONNECTICUT,
activity extended over a longer than usual period because of alternating cool
and hot weather which made control more difficult and damage was slightly higher
than usual, Plum curculio was difficult to find in well-sprayed commercial
orchards of NEW JERSEY; however, it was plentiful in unsprayed trees.

Plum curculio damage in MINNESOTA was not very extensive in 1964 because of low
populations, Adults appeared in WISCONSIN on May 7 and reports incicated a
higher than normal incidence, Plum curculio was not so damaging in 1964 in
INDIANA as in the previous 2 years; however, there were several instances of
commercial injury. This weevil caused some damage in MISSOURI in a few poorly
managed orchards in west central and southeastern areas, Plum curculio was
noted in OKLAHOMA in 1964,

Other beetles attacking fruit trees included SHOT-HOLE BORER (Scolytus rugulosus)
which was present in devitalized, weak or diseased trees in neglected orchards
of GEORGIA as usual, and PACIFIC FLATHEADED BORER (Chrysobothris mali) which was
more damaging than usual in CALIFORNIA to deciduous fruit trees.

NUT CROP INSECTS
Highlights:

Because of a small crop of pecans in Georgia and Alabama, losses caused by PECAN
NUT CASEBEARER and PECAN LEAF CASEBEARER were more noticeable, FILBERT APHID was
very heavy in part of Washington State and BLACK PECAN APHID was serious again in
Alabama. WALNUT HUSK FLY is now a pest of major consequence in California's
walnut crop.

- 230 =

PECAN NUT CASEBEARER (Acrobasis caryae) was extremely heavy and inflicted more
damage in ALABAMA than in 1963 inasmuch as a small crop was set in 1964. As
much as 50 percent of the crop in untreated groves in Plaquemines Parish,
LOUISIANA, was destroyed. Heavy, widespread infestations occurred in the south-
ern pecan-growing areas of TEXAS, but infestations were generally less severe

in central and northern areas. Damage was light to moderate throughout the
pecan-producing areas of OKLAHOMA from early May to mid-July. Second-generation
egg laying began in mid-July but damage was light. Surveys in NEW MEXICO
indicate that this phycitid moth is still confined to the Carlsbad area in

Eddy County. Neither insects nor damage was noted in other areas checked in the
Pecos Valley and in the Mesilla Valley of Dona Ana County. Pecan nut casebearer
and PECAN LEAF CASEBEARER (Acrobasis juglandis) caused light defoliation to pecan
trees as they began to bud in south GEORGIA about April 1. First adults were
trapped May 2. Light to moderate infestations of pecan nut casebearer occurred
on the small nuts; this is more serious in a year when the crop is small. NAVEL
ORANGEWORM (Paramyelois transitella) was a pest of almonds statewide in
CALIFORNIA. ;

HICKORY SHUCKWORM (Laspeyresia caryana) adults emerged in southern GEORGIA on
June 9 and infestations were light to moderate later in the season, This
notodontid moth was extremely heavy and inflicted more damage in ALABAMA than

in 1963 and was generally present in the Guadalupe County area of TEXAS.

ORIENTAL FRUIT MOTH (Grapholitha molesta) was a serious pest of almonds and
CODLING MOTH (Carpocapsa pomonella) continued as a problem on walnuts and almonds
in CALIFORNIA.

Other lepidopterous pests of nuts included an unspecified NEPTICULID MOTH which
caused considerable defoliation of pecan leaves in local areas of northern TEXAS.
FALL WEBWORM (Hyphantria cunea) was heavy on pecans in the southern half of
LOUISIANA and caused noticeable injury during the latter part of the season
throughout the State. Leaf feeding by fall webworm larvae was also observed in
NORTH DAKOTA. TENT CATERPILLARS (Malacosoma spp.) damaged walnuts in a few
CALIFORNIA locations and RED-HUMPED CATERPILLAR (Schizura concinna) damaged
walnuts locally in the northern part of the State.

FILBERT APHID (Myzocallis coryli) infestations were heavy in Clark County,
WASHINGTON, in early July. In NEW MEXICO, Myzocallis caryaefoliae was a problem
on pecan trees in the Mesilla Valley of Dona Ana County and in the Pecos Valley
during June and July. BLACK-MARGINED APHID (Monellia costalis) was also a
problem in these same areas at the same time. Treatments were required in some
areas for these 2 aphids. Black-margined aphid was abundant in UTAH where it
made pecan foliage sticky at Hurricane, St. George and Santa Clara in Washington
County in the spring. Light infestations of BLACK PECAN APHID (Melanocallis
caryaefoliae) appeared on pecan trees in the north central portions of TEXAS

in late fall. Pecan growers of ALABAMA experienced another serious infestation
of black pecan aphid during 1964 when many orchards were defoliated before
maturity of the nuts,

SAN JOSE SCALE (Aspidiotus perniciosus) infestations continued for most of the
year on almonds and OLIVE SCALE (Parlatoria oleae) was widespread on almonds in
CALIFORNIA, ITALIAN PEAR SCALE (Epidiaspis piricola) infested walnut trees
Tocally in San Joaquin and Santa Clara Counties, California, Heavy numbers of
OBSCURE SCALE (Chrysomphalus obscurus) occurred on pecans in Comanche and Brazos
Counties of TEXAS. PLANT BUGS were noted in many GEORGIA pecan orchards.

WALNUT HUSK FLY (Rhagoletis completa) is now a pest of major consequence to
walnuts statewide in CALIFORNIA. Dooryard and street trees as well as commercial
acreages suffered high losses of fruit during 1964. Walnut husk fly numbers and
damage were approximately normal in UTAH. Damage to walnut husks in Washington
County, TEXAS, was probably caused by this fruit fly. Adult catches of a related
fly, R. suavis, on sticky boards in OHIO were reduced in areas that had a complete
freezeout of the black walnut crop in 1963; in other areas of the State, the catch
was normal,

= 231 =

PECAN WEEVIL (Curculio caryae) populations were heavy in north central TEXAS
following showers. Heavy damage was inflicted to pecans in some areas of
OKLAHOMA when this weevil became active in late August.

A SPIDER MITE (Eotetranychus hicoriae) caused scorching of pecan foliage in some
areas of southern GEORGIA and SPIDER MITES caused heavy damage to pecan orchards
in ALABAMA during unseasonably dry periods. EUROPEAN RED MITE (Panonychus ulmi)
was a pest of walnuts, almonds and other trees in many locations of CALIFORNIA
and a FRUIT-TREE MITE (Bryobia rubrioculus) required treatment on almonds in the
mid-San Joaquin Valley.

Several species of SAWFLIES were reported damaging pecans in a wide area of TEXAS.

In FLORIDA, several nut crop insects were of concern, PECAN NUT CASEBEARER
(Acrobasis caryae) infestations were moderate to heavy statewide; damage was
heavy throughout northern Florida due to a light crop. PECAN LEAF CASEBEARER
(A, juglandis) damage was very light in the Monticello area, HICKORY SHUCKWORM
(Laspeyresia caryana) infestations were heavy and damage was more evident than
usual due to light crop. More than 75 percent of the shucks were infested on
some varieties where controls were not applied. PECAN BUD MOTH (Gretchena
bolliana) infestations were heavy in pecan nurseries and locally heavy in pecan
orchards. FALL WEBWORM (Hyphantria cunea) was light to moderate on peaches
throughout the northern area. A WEEVIL (Conotrachelus aratus) was light to
moderate in a small home pecan nursery but light on bearing trees in adjacent
orchard, Larvae of another WEEVIL (C. anagylypticus) caused moderate damage by
killing newly placed patch buds under tape on pecan nursery trees during August
and September. PECAN SPITTLEBUG (Clastoptera achatina) was heavy on pecans
during April and again in July and August. An APHID (Monellia sp.) was quite
abundant in early spring and again in late August and September. BLACK PECAN
APHID (Melanocallis caryaefoliae) was light to moderate locally on some pecan
orchards and was more severe on some varieties around homes,

GRAPE INSECTS

WESTERN GRAPE LEAF SKELETONIZER (Harrisina brillians) is subjected to an eradica-
tion program in parts of CALIFORNIA. Late in the 1964 season a small, local
infestation was discovered in the city of Fresno, Fresno County. The first
eradication treatments were applied and no larval infestations occurred. Inspec-—
tions in Kerman, Fresno County, and Livermore, Alameda County, were negative in
1964, The infestation in Fresno was composed of individuals of both red and
black "collars" as compared with the Kerman and Livermore infestations where

only "red-collared" adults occurred. Western grape leaf skeletonizer was a pest
of grapes locally in San Diego County, California. This leaf skeletonizer moth
spread from cultivated to wild grapes in Clark County, NEVADA, Larvae first
appeared in May in Las Vegas and North Las Vegas in that county and caused heavy
damage as the season progressed. It also spread to native grapes in the south-
ern Spring Mountains of Clark County. In UTAH, western grape leaf skeletonizer
was more damaging in late summer than it had been for several years in Washington
County. A closely related species, Harrisina metallica, collected on grape-
vines at Albuquerque, NEW MEXICO, in mid-August, was a new State record.

GRAPE BERRY MOTH (Paralobesia viteana) caused little difficulty on grapes in

NEW YORK but it was noted in unsprayed vineyards. This olethreutid moth was of

no economic importance in vineyards of OHIO which received moderate spray applica-
tions. Egg laying and larval activity were underway in southwestern MICHIGAN by
May 18 and second—brood emergence started in late August. This pest was found

on fruits in MISSOURI; was light in ARKANSAS and was about normal in UTAH during
the 1964 season.

= 232 =

GRAPE ROOT BORER (Vitacea polistiformis) populations were reduced for the first
time in 5 years in MISSOURI, but were active from July 14 to August 20, and the
pest continued active in northwest ARKANSAS.

LEAFHOPPERS were near normal in numbers on grapes in NEW YORK but there were no

reports of failures of controls when recommended spray practices were followed.

Varied populations of Erythroneura sp. created considerable damage in CALIFORNIA
from San Bernardino County to Napa County.

A WEEVIL (Ampeloglypter ater) appeared in trace numbers in isolated vineyards of
OHIO where it had been frozen in 1963. In ARIZONA, scattered, heavy populations
of GRAPE FLEA BEETLE (Altica chalybea) damaged grapes in Maricopa and Pinal
Counties during April, but controls were generally effective.

VINEGAR FLIES (Drosophila spp.) were probably the most important problem in NEW
YORK for growers and processors of grapes. A CECIDOMYIID MIDGE (Lasioptera vitis)
caused extensive damage to grapevines in VIRGINIA.

PACIFIC SPIDER MITE (Tetranychus pacificus) and Eotetranychus willamettei were
pests on grapes locally in CALIFORNIA. Tetranychus mcdanieli damaged grapes in
the lower Yakima Valley of WASHINGTON. This was a first record on this host.
EUROPEAN RED MITE (Panonychus ulmi) infestations were spotty and isolated on a
few Concord grape vineyards of OHIO.

BLUEBERRY, CRANBERRY AND CURRANT INSECTS

CRANBERRY GIRDLER (Crambus topiarius) was extremely abundant throughout the
cranberry-growing area of MASSACHUSETTS and caused considerable vine killing.
BLACK-HEADED FIREWORM (Rhopobota naevana) damaged several cranberry bogs in the
Wareham area of Massachusetts, although less abundant than usual. Adults of
black-headed fireworm were numerous in untreated cranberry bogs in Pacific County,
WASHINGTON, in mid-July. A BLUEBERRY TIP BORER (Hendecaneura shawiana) was
prevalent in unsprayed plantings in OHIO. Larval injury by DOGWOOD BORER
(Thamnosphecia scitula) to blueberries was reported from MICHIGAN in several Van
Buren and Ottawa County plantings. Adult emergence began in these areas in late
June and early July. Caterpillars of GYPSY MOTH (Porthetria dispar) were abundant
in some MASSACHUSETTS cranberry bogs in the Cape Cod area early in the season,

and built up to outbreak proportions in some instances later in the season,

BLUEBERRY MAGGOT (Rhagoletis mendax) emergence in Jonesboro, Washington County,
MAINE, began in cages on June 23, peaked on June 28, and ended July 17. Popula-
tions in Maine were average to somewhat below average in most areas. Blueberry
maggot was more prevalent in MASSACHUSETTS than it had been in the last several
years. A maggot, assumed to be blueberry maggot, occurred in a single planting
of blueberries and in sufficient numbers to cause economic loss. CURRANT FRUIT
FLY (Epochra canadensis) numbers and damage were approximately normal in UTAH
during the 1964 season. Infestations and injury caused by a CECIDOMYIID MIDGE
(Contarina vaccinii) were observed in Jonesboro, MAINE, in July. Maggots, about
two-thirds grown at that time, indicated hatch occurred about June 20-25.

BLUEBERRY THRIPS (Frankliniella vaccinii) infestations and injury were moderate
in MAINE at Jonesport and Jonesboro, Washington County, with light to moderate
infestations and light injury noted in the Franklin area of Hancock County in
mid-June,

CRANBERRY WEEVIL (Anthonomus musculus) was more abundant in MASSACHUSETTS than it
has been for the past several years with some injury noted in Plymouth County
bogs.

- 233 -

IMPORTED CURRANTWORM (Nematus ribesii) was reported in isolated instances on
currant and gooseberry plants over NORTH DAKOTA and CURRANT APHID (Capitophorus
ribis) caused approximately normal damage in UTAH.

CITRUS INSECTS
Highlights:

YELLOW SCALE, GLOVER SCALE, CHAFF SCALE, Unaspis citri, Pinnaspis strachani and
WHITEFLIES broke population records of 13 years standing in Florida groves.
CITRUS MEALYBUG was also at record high level in that State, but CITRUS RED MITE
and BROWN SOFT SCALE reached the lowest fall level of 14 years of record.
Biological controls are important factors for BLACK SCALE in California and for
COTTONY-CUSHION SCALE in California and Arizona. No resistance to chemical
controls was reported in any of the citrus-producing States, but controls were
necessary to produce quality fruit. CITRUS RUST MITE continued its spread in
Arizona lemon blocks and it is of considerable concern in that State and in
California,

BLACK SCALE (Saissetia oleae) was widespread on citrus trees in CALIFORNIA, where
biological control plays an important role in control. In FLORIDA citrus groves,
black scale was above average during the first half of the year, and reached a
level of economic importance over much of the State during July and August.

Black scale was above normal but noneconomic in Florida's groves for the remainder
of the year. BROWN SOFT SCALE (Coccus hesperidum) was below normal abundance

in Florida groves in January through March and at the lowest fall level of 14

years of record. CITRICOLA SCALE (C. pseudomagnoliarum) was reported on

California citrus from Tulare County northward. This soft scale was reported

more than it had been in past years in California. PYRIFORM SCALE (Protopulvinaria
pyriformis) was below normal abundance in Florida groves in the first and last
quarters of 1964 and FLORIDA WAX SCALE (Ceroplastes floridensis) was below normal in
that State in October through the end of 1964.

CALIFORNIA RED SCALE (Aonidiella aurantii) was primarily a major pest of citrus
in southern CALIFORNIA but it now has become a pest in many localities statewide.
YELLOW SCALE (Aonidiella citrina) continued as a general pest of citrus in Tulare
County, California, and locally in San Joaquin County. Abnormally high levels
occurred in FLORIDA groves in January through March and reached the highest
monthly population level of 13 years of record in April. Yellow scale was above
average through June and was important in localized areas from July through
September. Yellow scale was the second most abundant scale insect in Florida
groves during the last quarter of 1964,

DICTYOSPERMUM SCALE (Chrysomphalus dictyospermi) was at an abnormally high level
in FLORIDA citrus groves in the first quarter of the year; it continued at above
normal levels for the remainder of the year but it did not reach destructive
levels. FLORIDA RED SCALE (C. aonidum) was below normal in Florida citrus groves.
GLOVER SCALE (Lepidosaphes gloverii) was at abnormally high levels during the
first part of the year in Florida and reached the highest monthly population
level of 13 years of record in June, Glover scale was at economic levels in

July and August but did not persist into September. This armored scale was the
most abundant scale insect in Florida groves in October through December, being
moderate to heavy in 25 percent of the groves. CHAFF SCALE (Parlatoria pergandii)
reached its highest monthly population record of 13 years in April after having
been at abnormally high levéls earlier in Florida groves. Chaff scale was of
economic importance through August but it did not continue in the high range in

— (234 —

September. Chaff scale was above normal in Florida citrus groves in the last
quarter of the year. Two other ARMORED SCALES, Unaspis citri and Pinnaspis
strachani, reached highest monthly levels of 13 years of record in May and June,
respectively. Both were above average abundance during the year but only

U. citri was important in localized areas in July to September.

MEALYBUGS were above average abundance the first half of 1964 in FLORIDA. There
was a phenomenally rapid increase of CITRUS MEALYBUG (Pseudococcus citri) from
below normal level in late April to a record high level at the end of June in
Florida groves. Moderate to heavy infestations were found in 49 percent of the
groves at that time. Mealybugs reached economic levels over much of Florida in
July and August and misshapeued grapefruit resulted from heavy infestations.
COTTONY-CUSHION SCALE (Icerya purchasi) was above normal in Florida groves but
it was of little importance in the last half of the year. Active infestations
of cottony-cushion scale appeared on ARIZONA citrus in Maricopa, Pinal and Yuma
Counties during June and again in the fall months. Predators were highly
successful in controlling this mealybug in Arizona. Several local infestations
of cottony-cushion scale occurred on citrus in dooryard plantings in CALIFORNIA.
These infestations served as reservoirs for Rodolia cardinalis (vedalia).

CITRUS WHITEFLY (Dialeurodes citri) developed moderate to heavy infestations on
untreated citrus in Plaquemines and St. Bernard Parishes, LOUISIANA. Record
high larval populations of WHITEFLIES persisted through March in FLORIDA citrus
groves. Moderate to heavy infestations were found in 34 percent of the groves
at that time. CLOUDY-WINGED WHITEFLY (D. citrifolii) was the most abundant
species. Adult whiteflies began to appear in above normal numbers in late March,
reaching the highest monthly level in 13 years of record in May and continued in
high range into September. The prolonged high populations contributed to abnor-
mally heavy growths of sooty mold. Whiteflies were above normal in October and
again in December in Florida groves.

APHIDS were above normal in FLORIDA through April, below average in May and
normal in June on citrus. GREEN PEACH APHID (Myzus persicae) caused general
damage to CALIFORNIA citrus and persisted for a longer period than usual.

CITRUS RED MITE (Panonychus citri) was a serious pest statewide in CALIFORNIA
but greater damage occurred on southern area citrus. Moderate to heavy infesta-—
tions developed on untreated citrus in LOUISIANA in Plaquemines and St. Bernard
Parishes. Citrus red mite was scattered in FLORIDA groves through March, below
normal abundance later and dropped to the lowest statewide population level
recorded in 14 years. SIX-SPOTTED MITE (Eotetranychus sexmaculatus) was also
very low in Florida citrus groves and remained near the record low set in 1963.
Six-spotted mite was a light problem on California citrus in Santa Barbara
County. TEXAS CITRUS MITE (Eutetranychus banksi) populations were higher for
the first quarter of the year in Florida than in other years. It was above
normal but moderate and reached economic numbers over much of the State in July
and August. Numbers were economic in 17 percent of Florida's groves by late
November compared with 13 percent which is normal for that period. YUMA SPIDER
MITE (Eotetranychus yumensis) was scattered in ARIZONA but required controls

in Yuma County. In general, controls were effective in Arizona.

CITRUS RUST MITE (Phyllocoptruta oleivora) was a problem on citrus in CALIFORNIA
in Santa Barbara, San Diego and western Riverside Counties much of the year. The
first infestation of this eriophyid mite in ARIZONA was found on lemons in Yuma
County in 1963. Since then, at least 6 properties have been infested, all lemon
blocks. Proper control methods have been effective in most instances. The

rapid spread of citrus rust mite in Arizona may be of much concern to citrus
growers in the future, Only scattered infestations occurred on FLORIDA groves
during the early part of the year. Citrus rust mite was far below normal on

both leaves and fruit in April through June and subnormal through September. At
the October peak, 51 percent of Florida's groves harbored moderate to heavy
infestations of citrus rust mite. CITRUS BUD MITE (Aceria sheldoni) required
considerable control on lemons in San Diego and Santa Barbara Counties, California.

- 235 -

CITRUS FLAT MITE (Brevipalpus lewisi) was medium to heavy in ARIZONA and required
controls in Yuma County and areas of Maricopa County throughout the year.
Tangerines appeared to have been damaged more severely.

ORANGE TORTRIX (Argyrotaenia citrana) was a widespread pest of CALIFORNIA citrus
fruit but it was not so severe as in past years. FRUIT-TREE LEAF ROLLER (Archips
argyrospilus) was locally damaging to citrus in several widely separated areas
of California and WESTERN TUSSOCK MOTH (Hemerocampa vetusta) damaged citrus in

a few locations. ORANGE-DOG (Papilio cresphontes) developed moderate to heavy
infestations on untreated citrus in LOUISIANA in Plaquemines and St. Bernard
Parishes. Papilio spp. populations increased over those of 1963 in ARIZONA and
caused concern to many citrus growers. The heaviest infestations occurred during
September and October in Maricopa, Pima and Yuma Counties.

CITRUS THRIPS (Scirtothrips citri) caused moderate to heavy damage to citrus in
ARIZONA during the early fruit set in most areas of Yuma, Maricopa and Pinal
Counties. Controls were necessary in that State to protect the quality of fruit.
Citrus thrips was a considerable problem on citrus in CALIFORNIA from Tulare
County southward. Control problems continued from April through September.

A SCARAB (Anomala sp.) severely ragged citrus leaves in Hidalgo County, TEXAS,
but KATYDIDS caused only light problems on citrus in Los Angeles and Riverside
Counties, CALIFORNIA.

OLIVE, AVOCADO AND FIG INSECTS

BLACK SCALE (Saissetia oleae) was widespread on olive trees in CALIFORNIA and
PARLATORIA SCALE (Parlatoria oleae) was widespread locally in many counties on
olive and other hosts.

GREENHOUSE THRIPS (Heliothrips haemorrhoidalis) infested avocados in San Diego
and Santa Barbara Counties, CALIFORNIA; some biological control was evident.
Considerable biological control helped keep AVOCADO BROWN MITE (Oligonychus
punicae) under control in California. This spider mite occurred in all avocado-
growing areas.

A SCARAB (Cotinis texana) was a problem locally on ripening figs in Los Angeles,
Riverside and San Diego Counties, CALIFORNIA.

Additional Fruit Notes From Florida

A PINK CITRUS RUST MITE (Aculus pelekassi) is now generally distributed over the
citrus belt and it is now treated in the same manner as any other common citrus
pest. Nurseries are no longer quarantined unless this eriophyid's population
reaches a level of economic importance. The first and only collection in the
United States of a SUGARCANE ROOTSTALK BORER (Diaprepes abbreviata) was made in
an Orange County citrus nursery September 25, 1964. No more than that one
specimen was ever found. CITRUS RED MITE (Panonychus citri), CITRUS RUST MITE
(Phyllocoptruta oleivora) and BROAD MITE (Hemitarsonemus latus) were the most
important pests attacking limes in the Homestead area Of Dade County. MITES
reddened some avocado leaves in the Homestead area but no more than usual.
SCALE INSECTS were probably less abundant than usual on avocados.

PAPAYA FRUIT FLY (Toxotrypana curvicauda) was prevalent as usual on papaya.

COTTON LACE BUG (Corythucha gossypii) caused moderate damage during the summer
and early fall on Ceylon peach in the Miami area and PEACH TREE BORER (Sanninoidea
exitiosa) was light to moderate in peach orchards of northern Florida, but kept

— 2306) —

under control very well where recommended spray programs were used. PLUM
CURCULIO (Conotrachelus nenuphar) caused light injury in northern peach orchards
but damage in unsprayed home plantings was heavy. WHITE PEACH SCALE (Pseudaula-
caspis pentagona) was an actual or potential problem from Orlando-Leesburg area
northward in peach orchards. Summer sprays were only partially effective in
controlling this pest. Oil sprays will be essential. SAN JOSE SCALE (Aspidiotus
perniciosus) continued as a problem in northern and northwestern peach orchards.
A CUBAN MAY BEETLE (Phyllophaga bruneri) defoliated some lychee trees in home
plantings in the Miami area,

oe Y
De

VOL.15 No.13 | March 26, 1965

SP
G25
co)?
j Coo peta tive

ECONOMIC INSECT
REPORT

Issued by ( i

PLANT PEST CONTROL DIVISION
AGRICULTURAL RESEARCH SERVICE

UNITED STATES DEPARTMENT OF AGRICULTURE

AGRICULTURAL RESEARCH SERVICE

PLANT PEST CONTROL DIVISION

SURVEY AND DETECTION OPERATIONS

The Cooperative Economic Insect Report is issued
weekly as a service to American Agriculture. Its contents
are compiled from information supplied by cooperating State,
Federal, and industrial entomologists and other agricultural
workers. In releasing this material the Division serves as
a clearing house and does not assume responsibility for ac-
curacy of the material.

All correspondence pertaining to additions, dele-
tions and changes of addresses for the mailing
list for this report should be sent to:

Service Operations Division
Office of Plant and Operations
United States Department of Agriculture
Washington, D. C. 20250

Reports and inquiries pertaining to this release
should be mailed to:

Survey and Detection Operations
Plant Pest Control Division
Agricultural Research Service
United States Department of Agriculture
Federal Center Building
Hyattsville, Maryland 20781

Volume 15 March 26, 1965 Number 13
COOPERATIVE ECONOMIC INSECT REPORT

HIGHLIGHTS

GREENBUG and BROWN WHEAT MITE increasing in wheat in Tillman County, Oklahoma.
Brown wheat mite also general but populations low over panhandle area of Texas.
(p. 239). PEA APHID extremely heavy in some alfalfa in Maricopa and Pinal
Counties, Arizona, and severely damaging alfalfa in Lea, Chaves and Eddy Counties,
New Mexico. SPOTTED ALFALFA APHID also causing severe damage to alfalfa in these
New Mexico counties. ALFALFA WEEVIL adults appearing in alfalfa in Maryland,
Colorado and Utah, and larvae active in Alabama, Arkansas and Missouri. (p. 240).

GREEN PEACH APHID stem mothers increasing on peaches in Mesa County, Colorado.
CITRUS THRIPS increasing on new growth of citrus in Yuma and Maricopa Counties,
Arizona. (p. 241). POTATO PSYLLID populations increasing on weed hosts in many
parts of Maricopa County, Arizona, Heavy summer buildup of a FALSE CELERY LEAF
TIER (Udea profundalis) indicated in Fresno County, California. (p. 242).
POTATO TUBERWORM found in Iowa for first time in many years. (p. 247).

DOUGLAS-FIR BEETLE likely to cause considerable mortality of Douglas-fir stands
in western Oregon during 1965. Serious infestations of a CONIFER SAWFLY (Neodi-
prion taedae linearis) indicated in local areas of south central Arkansas.

(p. 243).

DETECTION

A SCARAB (Anomala ausonia Er.) reported for the first time in the United States.
(p. 247). A CELERY APHID (Aphis heraclella) reported for the first time from
Michigan, (p. 242), WESTERN CORN ROOTWORM (Diabrotica virgifera) reported for the
first time from 25 counties in Iowa, (p. 240). PYRIFORM SCALE (Protopulvinaria
pyriformis) reported for first time from San Diego County, California. p.

SPECIAL REPORTS
Small Grain Pest Survey in Texas. (p. 239).

Potato Psyllid Survey, Spring Breeding Areas of Arizona and California - 1965.
(p. 242). Survey indicated a potentially moderate migration this season,

Status of the Screw-worm in the Southwest. (p. 245).

Estimated Losses and Production Costs Attributed to Insects and Related Arthropods
Attacking Clover and Alfalfa Hay and Hay Crops in Illinois in 1964. (p. 250).

Summary of Insect Conditions in the United States - 1964
Truck Crop Insects
Eggplant, Pepper, Potato and Tomato Insects. (p. 251).
Crucifer Insects. (p. 257).
Bean, Pea and Other Legume Insects. (p. 259).
Asparagus, Onion and Garlic Insects. (p. 262).
Beet, Sugar Beet and Spinach Insects. (288)
Artichoke, Escarole and Lettuce Insects. (p. 265).
Cucurbit Insects. (p. 266).
Carrot and Celery Insects. (p. 268).
Sweetpotato Insects. (p. 268).
Strawberry Insects. (p. 269).
Bramble Insects. (p. 270).
Miscellaneous Garden and Truck Crop Insects. (p. 271).

Reports in this issue are for week ending March 19, unless otherwise indicated.

- 238 -

WEATHER OF THE WEEK ENDING MARCH 22

It was a cool or cold week nearly everywhere as one of the worst blizzards of the
winter came to the northern Plains, There were tornadoes to the South while the
West had sunny, dry conditions.

TEMPERATURE: The large late winter storm at midweek spread arctic air rapidly
south and southeastward reaching the gulf coast on Thursday and the Carolina

coast and northern Florida by Saturday. Freezing temperatures came to the Rio
Grande Valley and northern Florida, Zero readings reached into New Mexico and
part of Kansas and covered much of Iowa, Wisconsin, and Michigan. Jackson,
Mississippi, reported 19° on 21st. High readings during a 4-day period at Ft.
Smith, Arkansas, were 79°, 66°, 39°, and 30°. Weekly average temperatures were
above normal in much of California and Florida but below normal elsewhere over

the 48 States. Portions of the northern and central Great Plains averaged from

10° to 26° below normal and more cold air was moving into that area at the weekend.

PRECIPITATION: Most areas in the western half of the Nation received less than
0.25 inch during the week. It was another sunny and dry week in Washington and
Oregon with indications that March will set several records for high sunshine and
low rainfall over an extended period of time. Total precipitation in the East
was generally 0.5 to 1.5 inches with thundershowers in the South and snow in the
North. The south edge of snow cover at the weekend was generally along a line
from Omaha to Philadelphia.

STORMS: A tremendous late winter storm moved through the Middle West and Great
Lakes region during the period Tuesday to Friday. A deep and vigorous low moved
from Colorado to Kansas and then northeastward with the usual thundershowers to
the south and heavy snow with strong winds to the north and west of the storm
path. Scattered tornadoes occurred in Oklahoma, Kansas, Illinois, Indiana,
Tennessee, North Carolina, Mississippi, and Alabama. Scattered property damage
was considerable, many persons were injuried, and there were some deaths. The
severe blizzard occurred over Minnesota, Wisconsin, and neighboring areas with
schools closed and many roads impassable for several days. Duluth, Minnesota,
reported 18 inches of snowfall in 24 hours with maximum depth on the ground an
amazing 48 inches!

SPRING DELAYED: Spring growth and activity should be in full swing from central
Texas to South Carolina. This cold spell is only the most recent phase of a
persistent pattern. Average temperatures for the first 21 days of March are from
5° to 8° below normal from Texas to the Carolinas. Since daily mean temperatures
normally rise about 0.25 to 0.20 degree per day during this season, this suggests
that spring is at least 3 weeks behind schedule throughout that area. Other
areas are even colder compared to normal with the western Corn Belt 8° to 11°
below normal for 3 weeks. The eastern Corn Belt is only 2° to 4° below normal
while New England is warmer than normal for the period. March has also been
rather cool in Arizona, New Mexico, and Utah but temperatures have been near
normal in other parts of the Far West. (Summary supplied by U.S. Weather Bureau.).

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CEREAL AND FORAGE INSECTS

GREENBUG (Schizaphis graminum) - NEW MEXICO - Remains light on small grains in

De Baca, Quay, Roosevelt, Curry and Lea Counties; ranged 1-4 per linear foot in
fields checked. (N.M. Coop. Rpt.). TEXAS - Very light on small grains in Delta
County. (Turney). Ranged 0-25 per row foot near Hereford, Deaf Smith County;

1 field with 50-150 per foot; not yet alarming. (Daniels). OKLAHOMA - Increasing;
ranged 15-50 per linear foot in 6-inch wheat in Tillman County; heaviest in
Grandfield area. Other counts per linear foot in 3 to 4-inch wheat averaged 2

in Grady County, 15 in Kiowa and Jackson Counties and 2-10 in Payne County.

(Okla. Coop. Sur.). GEORGIA - Light on small grains in southern area. (Johnson).
NORTH CAROLINA - Noted on small grain in Wake County March 3; det. by C. F. Smith.
Damaged small grains in that county March 1. (Mount).

Small Grain Pest Survey in Texas - Survey made March 9-11 in following 14 pan-
handle counties: Sherman, Gray, Carson, Donley, Collingsworth, Wheeler, Hartley,
Dallam, Hansford, Hutchinson, Moore, Ochiltree, Lipscomb and Hemphill. Schizaphis
graminum (greenbug) found in first 6 counties named. Populations low, generally
less than 1 per row foot. However, fields noted in Donley and Carson Counties
with populations of 5 and 15 per planted row, respectively. Petrobia latens
(brown wheat mite) general over entire area but populations low. (Daniels).

ENGLISH GRAIN APHID (Macrosiphum avenae) - OKLAHOMA - Averaged 20 per linear foot
in wheat in Jackson County and 5 per Linear foot in Grady County. (Okla. Coop.
Sur.). NORTH CAROLINA - Noted in small grains in Wake County March 3; det. by

C. F. Smith. Damaged small grains in county March 1. (Mount).

APPLE GRAIN APHID (Rhopalosiphum fitchii) - OKLAHOMA - Ranged 15-300 per linear
foot in wheat in Tillman County; heaviest counts near Grandfield in 6-inch wheat.
Light in Payne County. Averaged 600 per linear foot in field of rye and vetch in
Johnston County. (Okla. Coop. Sur.).

CORN LEAF APHID (Rhopalosiphum maidis) - CALIFORNIA - Heavy on barley plantings
in Imperial Beach, San Diego County. (Cal. Coop. Rpt.). OKLAHOMA - Averaged
16 per linear foot in oats in Grady County. (Okla. Coop. Sur.).

BROWN WHEAT MITE (Petrobia latens) - OKLAHOMA - Increasing in wheat in Tillman
County. (Okla. Coop. Sur.). NEW MEXICO - Light to moderately heavy, spotted

infestations on small grains in Curry County. Heavy, spotted infestations in

several alfalfa fields suffering from drought in southern Eddy County. (N.M.

Coop. Rpt.).

WINTER GRAIN MITE (Penthaleus major) - TEXAS - Considerable damage noted on oats
locally in Delta County. (Turney). OKLAHOMA - Ranged up to 250 per linear foot
in wheat in Grandfield area, Tillman County. Counts light in other areas of
county. (Okla. Coop. Sur.).

SOUTHWESTERN CORN BORER (Zeadiatraea grandiosella) - OKLAHOMA - Dry cornstalks
checked in Beckham County show 5 percent infested with live larvae. (Okla. Coop.
Sur.). ALABAMA - Approximately 20 percent of larvae survived in cornfield in
Morgan County; field infested in fall of 1964. No pupation noted. (McQueen) .

SOUTHERN CORNSTALK BORER (Diatraea crambidoides) - ALABAMA - Approximately 20
percent of larvae survived in cornfield examined in Morgan County where 20-25
percent of stalks infested in 1964. No pupation noted. (Jarrett, Parker et al.).

EUROPEAN CORN BORER (Ostrinia nubilalis) - ILLINOIS - Surveys show 80 percent
survival in northwest district and 64 percent survival in west district. (Ill.
Ins. Sur.).

CUTWORMS - NEW MEXICO - Caused minor damage to wheat near Grady, Curry County;
also damaged young alfalfa stands near Artesia, Eddy County. (N.M. Coop. Rpt.).
MISSOURI - Active in alfalfa in southeastern district. (Jones).

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WESTERN CORN ROOTWORM (Diabrotica virgifera) - IOWA - Spread continued eastward
in State; reported in Worth, Mitchell, Howard, Cerro Gordo, Floyd, Chickasaw,
Franklin, Bremer, Grundy, Black Hawk, Delaware, Benton, Jasper, Iowa, Cedar,
Marion, Mahaska, Clarke, Lucas, Monroe, Wapello, Decatur, Wayne, Appanoose and
Davis Counties for the first time in 1964. Only 20 of 99 counties not presently
infested. (Iowa. Ins. Inf.).

SPIDER MITES - TEXAS - Counts of unspecified species down in Denton County wheat;
ranged 150-250 per foot of drill row. Damage significant and warrants controls.
(Turney) .

A LEAFHOPPER (Cuerna costalis) - COLORADO - Noticeably abundant in lawn in Adams
County. (Hantsbarger).

AN ANT (Lasius niger) - COLORADO - First activity observed March 16 in lawns at
Fort Collins, Larimer County. (Thatcher).

A MILLIPED (Pleuroloma cala) - FLORIDA - Immatures moderate on centipede grass
at Tallahassee, Leon-County. (Miller, Feb. 26).

PEA APHID (Acyrthosiphon pisum) - WASHINGTON - Second instar overwintering summer
forms scarce (2 per 12-25 sweeps) in seed and forage alfalfa 4 inches high in
Walla Walla, Walla Walla County. None found in Mabton, Yakima County, and Pasco,
Benton County. (Halfhill). ARIZONA - Extremely heavy in some alfalfa fields in
Maricopa and Pinal Counties; moderate in Yuma County. (Ariz. Coop. Sur.). NEW
MEXICO - Severely damaging alfalfa in Lea, Chaves and Eddy Counties. Killing
seedling stands of alfalfa near Lovington, Lea County, and Carlsbad, Eddy County.
Infestations heaviest found in these counties during past 5 years. Cool weather
and winds hampering control. Populations remain extremely light on alfalfa in
Mesilla Valley. (N.M. Coop. Rpt.). OKLAHOMA - Averaged 50 per linear foot in
field of rye and vetch in Johnston County. (Okla. Coop. Sur.). ARKANSAS -
Slight buildup observed in alfalfa in Conway County; numbers rather low, 10-12
per square foot. (Ark. Ins. Sur.). MISSOURI - Low numbers present on alfalfa

in southeast. (Jones).

SPOTTED ALFALFA APHID (Therioaphis maculata) - NEW MEXICO - Severely damaged
alfalfa in Lea, Chaves and Eddy Counties. Killing seedling stands of alfalfa

near Lovington, Lea County, and Carlsbad, Eddy County. (N.M. Coop. Rpt.).
COLORADO - Observed overwintering in Baca and Bent Counties on alfalfa. Total of
35 collected at Walsh, Baca County, December 24; averaged 11.7 per crown; averaged
0.7 per crown at Las Animas, Bent County, December 26. Total of 32 collected at
Walsh February 27; averaged 10.7 per crown. (Schweissing).

COWPEA APHID (Aphis craccivora) - CALIFORNIA - Medium on alfalfa in Mendota,
Fresno County. (Cal. Coop. Rpt.).

ALFALFA WEEVIL (Hypera postica) - MARYLAND - Adults active; averaged 9 per square
foot in alfalfa in Howard County. (U. Md., Ent. Dept.). ALABAMA - Young larvae
light; feeding on 7-acre new stand of alfalfa in Cherokee County. Isolated
plants and clumps of plants severely affected. (McQueen). ARKANSAS - Eggs and
all instars present in alfalfa in Mississippi County. @rkS Ins. Sur)

MISSOURI - Larvae present in Pemiscot County. (Jones). COLORADO - Appearing in
alfalfa as temperatures increase in Mesa County. (Bulla). UTAH - Adults active
in alfalfa on warm days in Weber and Davis Counties. (Knowlton).

CLOVER LEAF WEEVIL (Hypera punctata) - MISSOURI - Larvae present in southeastern
district. (Jones).

SWEETCLOVER WEEVIL (Sitona cylindricollis) - WASHINGTON - Adults notching road-
side sweetclover near Wawawai, Whitman County, March 13. (Telford).

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ALFALFA LOOPER (Autographa californica) - ARIZONA - Appearing in alfalfa in
Yuma Valley, Yuma County. (Ariz. Coop. Sur.). NEVADA - Adults active in Mason
and Smith Valleys, Lyon County. (Hilbig, Rivers).

ALFALFA CATERPILLAR (Colias eurytheme) - ALABAMA -Adults numerous in Morgan and
Cherokee Counties. Egg laying underway on alfalfa in Cherokee County. (McQueen) .

THRIPS - NEW MEXICO - Very light in Dona Ana County alfalfa. (N.M. Coop. Sur.).
ARIZONA - Frankliniella spp. light to moderate in alfalfa in Yuma, Maricopa and

Pinal Counties. (Ariz. Coop. Sur.).

LYGUS BUGS (Lygus spp.) - COLORADO - Adults appearing in alfalfa as temperatures
increase in Mesa County. (Bulla).

CLOVER LEAFHOPPER (Aceratagallia sanguinolenta) - UTAH -— Numerous in alfalfa and
along roadside at Hyde Park, Cache County. (Knowlton, Mar. 15).

STRAWBERRY SPIDER MITE (Tetranychus atlanticus) - ARIZONA - Caused moderate damage
in old, established alfalfa in areas of Yuma County. (Ariz. Coop. Sur.).

FRUIT INSECTS

CODLING MOTH (Carpocapsa pomonella) - WASHINGTON - Pupae recovered March 17 on
banded trunks of apple and pear in abandoned orchard at White Swan, Yakima County.
(Hathaway) .

WESTERN TENT CATERPILLAR (Malacosoma pluviale) - OREGON - Egg masses began hatch-—
ing March 13 in Willamette Valley. Tent webbing being formed around emerging
leaves of apple trees. (Larson).

GREEN PEACH APHID (Myzus persicae) - COLORADO - Increasing numbers of stem
mothers noted on peaches in Mesa County. (Bulla).

COWPEA APHID (Aphis craccivora) - ARIZONA - Scattered, light on oranges in Yuma
Mesa area of Yuma County. (Ariz. Coop. Sur.).

CITRUS THRIPS (Scirtothrips citri) - ARIZONA - Populations increasing on new
citrus growth in Yuma and Maricopa Counties. (Ariz. Coop. Sur.).

CITRUS BLACKFLY (Aleurocanthus woglumi) - MEXICO - Chemical Control Zone - Total

of 1,827 trees on 494 properties in Baja California and 2,988 trees on 367 prop-
erties in Sonora inspected; all negative. Inspection of 107,432 citrus trees on
2,394 properties in 6municipios of Nuevo Leon and 4 municipios of Tamaulipas
revealed 6 leaves on 6 trees on 2 properties infested. (PPC Mex. Reg., Feb. Rpt.).

MEXICAN FRUIT FLY (Anastrepha ludens) - MEXICO - Total of 5,515 inspections of
1,440 traps on 636 properties negative except for one nongravid native female
(first of season) at Ensenada, Baja California. (PPC Mex. Reg., Feb. Rpt.).
WESTERN SUBTERRANEAN TERMITE (Reticulitermes hesperus) - CALIFORNIA - Medium and
damaging rooting grape cuttings in Fresno, Fresno County. (CalaiCoope Rpts
TRUCK CROP INSECTS

CABBAGE APHID (Brevicoryne brassicae) - GEORGIA ~ Moderate to heavy on commercial
cabbage in southern area. (Johnson) .

IMPORTED CABBAGEWORM (Pieris rapae) - ALABAMA - Adults active and laying eggs
throughout northern area. (McQueen).

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Potato Psyllid Survey, Spring Breeding Areas of Arizona and California - 1965
The 1965 potato psyllid (Paratrioza cockerelli) survey was conducted March 15-18
in the overwintering areas of Arizona and California. Frequent rains during the
winter and spring months over much of the area provided excellent growth of wild
Lycium, the preferred host plant in the breeding area. The survey indicated a
potentially moderate migration this season,

Potato Psyllid Survey on Overwintering Host
Average No. per 100 Sweeps

State District 1965 1964 1963 1962 1961 1960 1959 1958

Arizona Phoenix-Tucson 508 158 Haley PRBS 149 665 992 93
California Blythe-Barstow 87 100 185 909 41 282 237 96

In addition to potato psyllid adults, nymphs of this species were moderate
to heavy in number in central Arizona. (PPC, West. Reg.).

POTATO PSYLLID (Paratrioza cockerelli) - ARIZONA -— Populations beginning to
increase on weed host plants in many parts of Maricopa County. (Ariz. Coop. Sur.).

VEGETABLE WEEVIL (Listroderes costirostris obliquus) - TEXAS - Locally heavy and
damaging turnips in Smith County. (Soape).

THRIPS - NEW MEXICO - Majority of onion fields checked averaged less than 1 per
plant. Occasional field ranged 4-7 per plant. (N.M. Coop. Rpt.) .
SUGAR-BEET WIREWORM (Limonius californicus) - OREGON - Considerable numbers of
larvae found in top 6 inches of soil in corn fields near Hermiston, Umatilla
County. Upward movement much earlier than usual, (Crowell).

ONION BULB FLY (Eumerus strigatus) - CALIFORNIA - Larvae medium on roots of sugar
beets in Crows Landing, Stanislaus County. This is a new host record for Cali-
fornia Department of Agriculture. (Cal. Coop. Rpt.).

GREEN PEACH APHID (Myzus persicae) - ARIZONA - Moderate to heavy on lettuce in
Yuma County, and sugar beets and lettuce in Maricopa County. (Ariz. Coop. Sur.).

A CELERY APHID (Aphis heraclella) - MICHIGAN - Found infesting commercial
celery at Hamilton, Allegan County, August 26, 1964. Det by L. M. Russell.
(Wells). This is a new State record. (ARS).

A FALSE CELERY LEAF TIER (Udea profundalis) - CALIFORNIA - Light on sugar beets
in Kerman, Fresno County; appearance about 2 weeks early due to mild winter.
Possibilities of heavy summer buildup indicated; occurred also on sugar beets in
Dos Palos area. (Cal. Coop. Rpt.).

TOBACCO INSECTS

VEGETABLE WEEVIL (Listroderes costirostris obliquus) - GEORGIA - Light to moderate
on tobacco in plant beds in southern area, (Johnson) .

TOBACCO FLEA BEETLE (Epitrix hirtipennis) - GEORGIA - Light to moderate in tobacco
plant beds in southern area, (Johnson) .

GREEN PEACH APHID (Myzus persicae) - GEORGIA - Very light on tobacco in the plant
beds in southern area. (Johnson).

SLUGS AND SNAILS - SOUTH CAROLINA - Continue to damage tobacco leaves in the
plant bed; controls good. (Nettles et al., Mar. 16).

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FOREST, ORNAMENTAL AND SHADE TREE INSECTS

A JUNIPER TWIG MOTH (Periploca nigra) - CALIFORNIA - Light on Tam juniper in
Lemon Grove, San Diego County. (Cal. Coop. Rpt.).

A PINE TIP MOTH - ARKANSAS - Overwintered in good numbers. Weather conditions
have not favored adult emergence. (Ark. For. Pest Rpt., March).

DOUGLAS-FIR BEETLE (Dendroctonus pseudotsugae) — OREGON - Spring flights noted
in southern part of State March 1-5; this probably earliest beetle has flown for
past decade in this area. Attacks are likely to cause considerable tree
mortality in Douglas-fir stands in western part of State this year. (R.E. Dolph,
USFS).

BARK BEETLES -— ARKANSAS - Ips spp. and Dendroctonus terebrans (black turpentine
beetle) active during warm weather in midwinter. Buildup can be expected as
temperatures rise. Salvage of damaged timber recommended as most practical
control method. No D. frontalis (southern pine beetle) infestations found.

Chance of spread into State appears remote. (Ark. For. Pest Rpt., March).

TEXAS - Ips avulsus, I. grandicollis and I. calligraphus attacking and killing
10-15 acres of Ioblolly and shorleaf pines in eastern Wood County; damage constant
on lower two-fifths of stem. No contributing factors evident; no control reported.
(Texas For. Pest Comm., Feb. Rpt.; Williamson).

WEEVILS - ARKANSAS - Hylobius pales (pales weevil) and Pissodes nemorensis

(deodar weevil) adults active all winter except during very cold weather. Numbers
will increase in recently cut-over areas as weather becomes warmer. (Ark. For.
Pest Rpt., March).

PINE SPITTLEBUG (Aphorphora parallela) - MARYLAND -— Eggs observed on cones and
needles of loblolly pines at Princess Anne, Somerset County. (U. Md., Ent. Dept.).

A CONIFER SAWFLY (Neodiprion taedae linearis) - ARKANSAS - Egg deposits indicate
northward spread during past fall. Serious infestations indicated in local areas
of south central section. Hatching of eggs expected following few days of warm
weather. (Ark. For. Pest Rpt., March).

BAGWORM (Thyridopteryx ephemeraeformis) - ALABAMA - Overwintering egg masses in
old bags numerous on many redcedars, arborvitae and other trees throughout northern
area. Egg cases examined showed no hatch. (McQueen).

EASTERN TENT CATERPILLAR (Malacosoma americanum) — ALABAMA - Egg masses numerous
on wild cherries in Morgan and Cherokee Counties; no hatching observed. (McQueen).

SPRING CANKERWORM (Paleacrita vernata) - IOWA - Males observed around lights at
Ames, Story County, on February 28. (Iowa Ins. Inf., March 15).

BROWN-TAIL MOTH (Nygmia phaeorrhoea) - MASSACHUSETTS - Survey disclosed heavy
infestation in Provincetown-Truro area, Barnstable County. NEW HAMPSHIRE -
Approximately 25-50 winter webs found at Francestown, Hillsboro County; State
has 5 infested sites. (PPC East. Region, Feb. Rpt.).

GYPSY MOTH (Porthetria dispar) - NEW JERSEY - Surveys revealed 6 additional small
infestations in Bergen, Morris, Passaic and Somerset Counties. NEW YORK - No new
infestations found in Jefferson County. (PPC East. Reg., Feb. Rpt.).

TEXAS LEAF-CUTTING ANT (Atta texana) - TEXAS - Attacked seedling trees in Rusk
County; 3 days following planting, seedlings were being destroyed. (Texas For.
Pest Comm., Feb. Rept.; Williamson).

A CRYPTOPHAGID MOTH (Pharaxonotha zamiae) - FLORIDA - Adults severe on fruit of
coontie at Gotha, Orange County. (Griffith, Kipp, March 4).

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GOLDEN TORTOISE BEETLE (Metriona bicolor) - CALIFORNIA - Heavy on sour dock in
Gardena, Los Angeles County. (GailmmiCoop, Rpt»).

APHIDS - ALABAMA - Tremendous buildup of Aphis spiraecola (spirea aphid) noted;
ranged 10-20 per terminal on Spirea vanhouttei and §. thunbergii. Adalia
bipunctata (two-spotted lady beetle) becoming numerous. (McQueen). TEXAS -
Unspecified species appearing on arborvitae in Denton County. (Turney).

OKLAHOMA - Cinara thujafilina heavy on arborvitae in Marshal County; large amounts
of honeydew present on most plants. (Okla. Coop. Sur.). CALIFORNIA -— Amphorophora
sonchi adults medium on dandelions in San Bernardino, San Bernardino County.

(Cal. Coop. Rpt.). OREGON - Schizolachnus pineti heavy on Mugho and Scotch

pines in Multnoma County early in month. (Larson).

COCCIDS - MARYLAND - Unaspis euonymi (eyonymus scale) moderate on eyonymus at
Glendale, Prince Georges County. (U. Md., Ent. Dept.). NORTH CAROLINA -
Chrysomphalus tenebricosus (gloomy scale) heavy on silver maple in Wake County.
Fiorinia theae heavy on camellia in Lee County. (Mount). FLORIDA — Ceroplastes
cirripediformis (barnacle scale) adults light on leaves of bird-of-Paradise at
Salerno, Martin County. (Campbell, March 3). Protopulvinaria pyriformis
(pyriform scale) on leaves of goldenrod (Solidago tenuifolia) at Hialeah, Dade
County. (Stegmaier, March 6). Saissetia hemisphaerica (hemispherical scale)
adults light on leaves of bird-of—Paradise at Salerno (Campbell, March 3); and
all stages moderate on stem of cenizo (Leucophyllum frutescens) in nursery at
Miami, Dade County. (Herrmann, March 5). Aspidiotus lataniae light on stem of
puncture vane at Miami (Stegmaier, Feb. 16); and all stages moderate on stem of
cenizo in nursery at Miami; Howardia biclavis (mining scale) moderate on stem of
cenizo in nursery at Miami (Herrmann, March 5). Pseudaulacaspis pentagona (white
peach scale) light to moderate on Zamia sp. in nursery at Leesburg, Lake County.
(Bentley, Feb. 19). These are new host records for Florida Division of Plant
Industry. (Fla. Coop. Sur.). Fiorinia theae (tea scale) severe on Burford holly
in garden center at Tampa, Hillsborough County, (Hale), and moderate to severe on

leaves of Camellia sasanqua at Cocoa, Brevard County, (Levan). Conchaspis
argraeci severe on stem of croton in nursery at Miami. (Herrmann, March 5).

Pseudococcus adonidum (long-tailed mealybug) adults moderate on Hoya sp. in
nursery at Apopka, Orange County. (Musgrove, March 4). ALABAMA - Undetermined
scale insect unusually heavy; killing and damaging small water oaks near Weiss
Dam Lake, Cherokee County. Lady beetles actively feeding. (McQueen). TEXAS -
U. euonymi becoming active in Denton County. (Turney). COLORADO - Phenacaspis
pinifoliae (pine needle scale) heavy and causing needle drop in Larimer, Boulder
and Denver Counties. (Thatcher, Daniels, Hantsbarger). CALIFORNIA - Paralatoria
oleae (olive scale) light on mahonia nursery stock in Modesto, Stanislaus County.
Rhizoecus pritchardi medium in African-violets locally in Wasco, Kern County.
Protopulvinaria pyriformis locally medium on gardenia plants in San Diego, San
Diego County. P. pyriformis is a new county record; only other known infestation
in State is in Pacific Palisades area, Los Angeles County. (Cally (CoopeeRptepr

HOLLY LEAF MINER (Phytomyza ilicis) - OREGON - Pupation about 75 percent complete
in holly in. Multnomah and Lane Counties. (Goeden).

RED-BANDED THRIPS (Selenothrips rubrocinctus) - FLORIDA - Adults general on leaves
of dwarf myrtle in nursery at Miami, Dade County. (Herrmann, March 8).

A SUBTERRANEAN TERMITE (Reticulitermes sp.) - FLORIDA - Adults and nymphs severe on
roots of and soil around philodendrons and on bark of totem poles for these
plants in nursery at Zellwood, Orange County. (Musgoove, March 9).

SPIDER MITES - FLORIDA - Tetranychus sp. adults severe on leaves of Schefflera
actinophylla in nursery at Plymouth, Orange County. (Musgrove, March

SOUTH CAROLINA - Unspecified species causing various degrees of damage in many
areas. (Nettles et al., March 16). NORTH CAROLINA - Tetranychus sp. eggs
numerous on Japanese holly in Martin County. (Mount). CALIFORNIA - Eotetranychus
malvastris and Hystrichonychus sidae medium on Sphaeralcea sp. in Winterhaven,

Imperial County. (Cal. Coop. Rpt.).

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ERIOPHYID MITES - CALIFORNIA - Aculus ligustri medium on privet in San Mateo,
San Mateo County. Aceria sp. medium on Sphaeralcea sp. in Winterhaven, Imperial
County. (Cal. Coop. Rpt.).

INSECTS AFFECTING MAN AND ANIMALS
STATUS OF THE SCREW-WORM (Cochliomyia hominivorax) IN THE SOUTHWEST

No screw-worm cases were reported during the period March 14-20 in the South-
western Eradication Area. Total of this year's cases in the area remains
slightly above the 1964 figure. The Republic of Mexico reported 32 in Sonora,
2 in Chihuahua, 1 in Coahuila, 1 in Veracruz, 2 in San Luis Potosi and 2 in
Tamaulipas. A report which was delayed reported an additional 21 cases in
Sonora, 1 in Nuevo Leon, 1 in San Luis Potosi and 1 in Tamaulipas. The compu-
tations below reflect the total of these reports. Sterile screw-worm flies
released: Texas 382,250 and Mexico 83,886,000.

el

Ratio of Positive Cases

Positive Cases Negative Cases to 100 Cases Negative
Year Current Cumulative Current Cumulative Current Cumulative
Table 1. Comparison of specimens reported during corresponding weeks in

1963 and 1964 in Southwestern Eradication Area.

1963 10 169 91 334 10.98 50.59
1964 2 3 129 497 1.55 0.60
1965 (0) 4 65 533 0.00 0.75
Table 2. Comparison of specimens reported during corresponding weeks and
in a corresponding area in 1964 in the United States-Mexico
Barrier Zone.*
1964 15 145 23 161 65.21 90.06
1965 60 472 35 302 171.42 156.29
MM
Table 2A. Mexican portion of Barrier Zone only.
1964 15 140 5 49 300.00 285.71
1965 60 470 22 185 272.72 254.05
* Barrier Zone — Area in which screw-worm eradication operations are being

carried out in an effort to prevent establishment of self-sustaining screw-
worm population in the United States.
(Anim. Dis. Erad. Div.).

SHEEP KED (Melophagus ovinus) - MICHIGAN - Adults numerous on flock of ewes in
Ingham County. (Dowdy).

SHEEP BOT FLY (Oestrus ovis) - INDIANA — Maggot dropped from western yearling
ewe at Lafayette, Tippecanoe County. (Chandler).

MOSQUITOES -— SOUTH DAKOTA — May be more of a problem than last year in Brookings
County due to above average surface water accumulation. (S.D. Ins. Newsltr.,
March 12). TEXAS - Very local concentrations reported throughout Jefferson
County during February. Very few mosquitoes noted due to few warm afternoons.
Species noted: Culex salinarius, Culiseta inornata and Culex pipiens quinque-—
fasciatus (southern house mosquito). (Jefferson Co. Mosq. Contr. Dist., Feb
Rpt.; Thompson).

- 246 -

CATTLE LICE - UTAH — Several beef herds dipped in Carbon County. (Knowlton,
Olson, March 15). Very troublesome in 6 beef herds in Davis County. Controls
applied to 7,150 cattle in Emery County and 22,000 cattle in Sevier County since
last fall; extensive spring control underway. (Rogers, Olson, Rickenbach,
Knowlton).

TICKS - CALIFORNIA -— Dermacentor occidentalis (Pacific Coast tick) light on
brush in Poway, San Diego County, and in Fairplay, El Dorado County. Local
occurrence of tick paralysis more common than in past years. Movement of live-
stock probable reason for occurrence of ticks in new areas. Deer have been
affected in some instances. Light numbers of Rhipicephalus sanguineus (brown
dog tick) noted on dog in Fresno, Fresno County. This tick not as prevalent
since advent of cooler weather. (Cal. Coop. Rpt.). OKLAHOMA — Ixodes scapularis
(black-legged tick) nymphs taken on human in Payne County. (OkIa. Coop. Sur.).
DELAWARE - R. sanguineus heavy in home in New Castle County. (Burbutis).

TROPICAL RAT MITE (Ornithonyssus bacoti) — CALIFORNIA - Light numbers noted in
residence in Sacramento, Sacramento County. (Cal. Coop. Rpt.).

HOUSEHOLD AND STRUCTURAL INSECTS

SAW-TOOTHED GRAIN BEETLE (Oryzaephilus surinamensis) - OKLAHOMA - Found in home

in Stillwater, Payne County. (Okla. Coop. Sur.). UTAH - Infested flour and

other foods in home at Smithfield, Cache County. (Knowlton, March 15). DELAWARE —
Several infestations noted in dried cereal products in homes in New Castle County.
(Burbutis). INDIANA - This species and Tribolium confusum (confused flour beetle)
infested stored products in home in Camden, Carroll County. (Sanders).

CARPET BEETLES - INDIANA -— Anthrenus verbasci (varied carpet beetle) larvae
infested pharmacy in Goodland, Newton County. (Sanders). IOWA — Anthrenus
flavipes (furniture carpet beetle) and Attagenus piceus (black carpet beetle)
adults noted in home in Des Moines, Polk County. (Iowa Ins. Inf., March 15).

CIGARETTE BEETLE (Lasioderma serricorne) —- MICHIGAN - Specimens, probably this
species, infested cereal in Gogebic County home. (Bednar).

INDIAN-MEAL MOTH (Plodia interpunctella) - DELAWARE — Adults numerous in home
in New Castle County. (MacCreary).

A STINK BUG (Brochymena sp.) — OKLAHOMA — Active and becoming a pest in Still-
water area, Payne County. (Okla. Coop. Sur.).

BOXELDER BUG (Leptocoris trivittatus) - MARYLAND - Infested property in Baltimore.
(U. Md., Ent. Dept.).

A HACKBERRY PSYLLID (Pachypsylla sp.) -— OKLAHOMA —- Active and becoming nuisance
in and around homes in Stillwater, Payne County. (Okla. Coop. Sur.).

COCKROACHES — UTAH - Infesting home at Midvale, Salt Lake County; Blatta
orientalis (oriental cockroach) in many homes in Bountiful-Centerville area of
Davis County. (Knowlton). Coakroaches infesting many homes in Brigham City
area, Box Elder County; Supella supellectilium (brown-banded cockroach) present
in many instances. (Knowlton). MARYLAND — Blatta orientalis (oriental cock-
roach) heavy in several rooms of school at Suitland, Prince Georges County.

(U. Md., Ent. Dept.). INDIANA -— Supella supellectillium (brown-banded
cockroach) and Blatta orientalis (oriental cockroach) infesting home in Logans-
port, Cass County. (Myers).

CLOVER MITE (Bryobia praetiosa) - MARYLAND - Migrating into several homes in
Prince Georges County. (U. Md., Ent. Dept.). NEVADA — Continuing to enter
homes in large numbers in southern Washoe County. (Coop. Rpt.). SOUTH
CAROLINA —- Found over large section of new development near Columbia; caused

- 247 -

considerable concern in homes. (Nettles et al., March 16). UTAH - Very
numerous; invading number of classrooms in high school at Midvale, Salt Lake
County, and home in Orem, Utah County. Invading many homes in

Salt Lake City and elsewhere in Salt Lake County, and in Farmington-Layton area,
Davis County. (Knowlton).

SUBTERRANEAN TERMITES (Reticulitermes spp.) - MARYLAND - Swarmed in and around
homes in Caroline and Prince Georges Counties. (U. Md., Ent. Dept.). NORTH
CAROLINA - R. flavipes (eastern subterranean termite) noted in Jones County.
(Franck, Jones).

LARGER YELLOW ANT (Acnathomyops interjectus) - NORTH CAROLINA - Swarmed in home
in Wake County March 19. (Mount).

CARPENTER ANTS — SOUTH CAROLINA - Unspecified species caused considerable damage
to home in Aiken County. (Nettles et al., March 16). INDIANA — Camponotus spp.
infesting home in Elkhart, Elkhart County. (Myers).

STORED-PRODUCT INSECTS

POTATO TUBERWORM (Gnorimoschema operculellum) - IOWA — Found in potato chip
factory in Des Moines, Polk County, during February. Controlled by fumigation.
This is the first time this pest has been found in State for several years,
(Iowa Ins, Inf.).

INDIAN-MEAL MOTH (Plodia interpunctella) - MINNESOTA - Infested government
surplus red kidney beans in Washington County. (Minn. Ins. Rpt.).

BENEFICIAL INSECTS

LADY BEETLES - NEW MEXICO — Adults and larvae, mostly Hippodamia convergens
(convergent lady beetle), very abundant in alfalfa heavily infested with
Acyrthosiphon pisum (pea aphid) and Therioaphis maculata (spotted alfalfa aphid)
in Lea and Eddy Counties. (N.M. Coop. Rpt.). ALABAMA - Two species actively
feeding on undetermined scale insect in Cherokee County; Chilocorus stigma
(twice-stabbed lady beetle) was more numerous. (McQueen).

HONEY BEE (Apis mellifera) — SOUTH DAKOTA - Winter mortality may be 10-12 percent,
slightly higher than normal, in Brookings area, Brookings County. (S.D. Ins.
Newsltr., March 12).

MISCELLANEOUS INSECTS

A SCARAB (Anomala ausonia Er.) — NEW JERSEY - Adult captured in flight near
ailanthus trees in weedy dump area within one mile of Hudson River at Jersey

City, Hudson County. Collection made by C. B. Sanders on July 8, 1964.

Determined by O. L. Cartwright. This is a new United States record. This

scarab is known to occur in Germany, Italy and Sicily. One blacklight and one
chemical trap were set in immediate area of capture and grub diggings were begun
and continued for one week; no further adults and no grubs were obtained. Black-
light and chemical traps will be set in area from May to September 1965 in an
attempt to determine the status of beetle in the area of Jersey City. (N.J.

Dept. Agr.). Investigations conducted near Naples, Italy, during the period
1941-1949, showed that A. ausonia var. neapolitana Rttr. adults attacked leaves
of many trees and plants and caused serious injury to grapevines, on which the
tendrils and young fruits were also damaged. Adults emerged at end of May and
lived about 40 days, feeding 8-12 days before pairing. About 2 days after mating,
females entered soil to oviposit, laying up to 100 eggs in 2-8 days. Eggs hatched
in about 15 days, larvae feeding on decaying organic matter in the soil. At
approach of winter, when temperatures dropped below 50°F, larvae moved to greater

- 248 -

depths and ceased activity. Feeding was resumed in late March and pupation
occurred at end of May; prepupal and pupal stages lasted 2 and 8 days,
respectively. (PPC).

A SCARAB (Diplotaxis rufa) - FLORIDA - Adults taken on window at Orlando, Orange
County. (Boyner, March 4). This is a rare species which feeds only on
turkey oak in the Orlando-Eustis area. (Fla. Coop. Sur.).

A FUNGUS GNAT (Leia varia) - CALIFORNIA - Heavy population a nuisance in yard
at Goleta, Santa Barbara County. (Cal. Coop. Rpt.).

COTTON INSECTS

PINK BOLLWORM (Pectinophora gossypiella) - FLORIDA - Larvae and pupae taken on
wild cotton March 10-12 at Cape Sable and Lower Matecumbe Key, Monroe County,
and at Fort Myers, Lee County. (Fla. Coop. Sur.).

LIGHT TRAP COLLECTIONS

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- 251 -

SUMMARY OF INSECT CONDITIONS IN THE UNITED STATES - 1964
(continued from page 236)

TRUCK CROP INSECTS
EGGPLANT, PEPPER, POTATO AND TOMATO INSECTS
Highlights:

Various NOCTUID MOTHS were troublesome on solanaceous crops in the Nation and
controls, while generally satisfactory, occasionally gave poor results. TOMATO
FRUITWORM was the most serious pest of tomatoes in Alabama; it was important in
tomato production in Arkansas and Utah also. ARMYWORMS were the most destructive
pests of tomatoes in Colorado. CABBAGE LOOPER and other noctuids were unusually
abundant in Wisconsin and apparently difficult to control on potatoes. Rather
high. light-trap collections of TOMATO HORNWORM adults in the Great Lakes States
were reflected by high larval feeding on tomatoes later. COLORADO POTATO BEETLE
was particularly destructive in the East where weather was more favorable for
overwintering adults and later broods. A third brood occurred on the Eastern
Shore of Virginia. FLEA BEETLES were troublesome on unprotected crops throughout
the Nation. Various APHIDS were particularly troublesome on all solanaceous
crops with numbers remaining high unless controlled by insecticides or hot weather.
POTATO LEAFHOPPER was the most important insect of vegetable crops in Ohio where
it caused serious damage to potatoes, peppers and eggplants. This leafhopper

was a definite problem on the Eastern Shore of Maryland also, BEET LEAFHOPPER
caused serious losses of tomatoes in Utah but in Colorado this pest was generally
kept low on tomatoes by the controls used in sugar beet fields. Large numbers

of POTATO PSYLLID were found locally in Wyoming and Colorado but were generally
well controlled, Psyllid yellows was found on tomatoes in Wyoming and on
tomatoes and potatoes in western Nebraska. SPRINGTAILS were destructive to
seedling peppers in New Mexico and seedling tomato plants in California.

TOMATO FRUITWORM (Heliothis zea) caused light to moderate damage to tomato fruits
in several areas of GEORGIA. This noctuid moth was the most serious pest of
tomatoes in 1964 in ALABAMA. Few tomato fruitworm larvae were found on peppers
in the Gainesville area of FLORIDA; present as usual on tomatoes in the Homestead
area and about normal in the Fort Pierce area. It caused normal damage to
tomatoes throughout LOUISIANA with the heaviest populations occurring in the
southern half of the State. Tomato fruitworm was a problem in practically all
commercial tomato fields in ARKANSAS and required treatments. All specimens
collected from tomato in Arkansas were determined as tomato fruitworm. Despite
the general increase in population levels in INDIANA, infestations remained light
on tomatoes in the commercial areas, Tomato fruitworm caused very light damage
in the Arkansas Valley of COLORADO but it was numerous enough in the western
sections of Colorado to require controls. Populations were high on tomatoes
grown for canning in UTAH. Other years of high populations in northern Utah

were 1941 and 1952; egg surveys on tomato leaves predicted the impending outbreak
of 12-15 percent infestations in tomato fruits. Tomato fruitworm was present
statewide on tomatoes in CALIFORNIA and infestations continued all year,

CABBAGE LOOPER (Trichoplusia ni) was destructive to foliage of greenhouse tomatoes
at Wooster, OHIO, in late September. Cabbage looper and related species were
unusually abundant and apparently difficult to control in WISCONSIN; potatoes

were damaged in the northeast and central parts of the State. Cabbage looper
damaged potatoes in Brazos County, TEXAS, and tomatoes in several greenhouses.
Several commercial tomato fields were moderately damaged on the Eastern Shore of
MARYLAND, Cabbage looper was present as usual on tomatoes at Homestead, FLORIDA,

CUTWORMS in potato tubers in the Hastings area of FLORIDA were very low due to
increased spraying at the end of the season. Cutworms, mainly GRANULATE CUTWORM
(Feltia subterranea) and BLACK CUTWORM (Agrotis ipsilon), were locally damaging

- 252 -

to untreated peppers at Gainesville, Alachua County, Florida. Cutworms are
routinely considered a potential or actual problem on peppers in the Immokalee
area. Cutworms were about average on tomatoes in the Fort Pierce area of Florida.
Cutworms were present on potatoes and tomatoes in ALABAMA and light to moderate

on pimento pepper plants in the middle section of GEORGIA. Moderate populations
of a gray cutworm caused moderate damage to tomatoes in Cape Elizabeth, Cumberland
County, MAINE. A similar cutworm was heavy and damaging peppers in Auburn,
Androscoggin County, during the same period. VARIZGATED CUTWORM (Peridroma
saucia) was reported as occasionally attacking the foliage of greenhouse tomatoes
in OHIO during September. Variegated cutworm ranged 10-15 larvae per square foot
in commercial potato plantings in Jasper County, INDIANA. Black cutworm caused
extensive damage to potato tubers in the central section of WISCONSIN in mid-
August; drought in the area attracted moths to irrigated fields. Unspecified
cutworms damaged ripening tomatoes in contact with the soil in home gardens in
Las Cruces area of Dona Ana County, NEW MEXICO. Numerous fields in the northern
section of COLORADO had economic infestations of black cutworm larvae. Control
measures prevented significant damage.

Unspecified ARMYWORMS were the most destructive tomato pests in the Loma-Fruita
area of Mesa County, COLORADO; control efforts gave poor results. Loss in the
main tomato-producing area of Colorado was as high as 15 percent. YELLOW-STRIPED
ARMYWORM (Prodenia ornithogalli) caused slight damage to greenhouse tomatoes at
Wooster, OHIO, in early September. Few FALL ARMYWORM (Spodoptera frugiperda) were
found on pepper fruits at Gainesville, FLORIDA, in May and June. SOUTHERN ARMY-
WORM (Prodenia eridania) was present as usual on tomatoes in the Homestead area
and BEET ARMYWORM (Spodoptera exigua) was severe on tomatoes in the Bradenton

area of Florida, southern armyworm was about average on tomatoes in the Fort
Pierce area of Florida.

TOMATO HORNWORM (Protoparce quinquemaculata) adults began appearing in mid-June
in WISCONSIN where counts were relatively high in blacklight traps. This was
later reflected by larval feeding on tomato plants in late July. General emer-
gence began in MICHIGAN in mid-July as indicated by blacklight trap collections.
The usual incidence of high larval infestations on unsprayed tomatoes occurred
in July and August in Michigan. Both tomato hornworm and TOBACCO HORNWORM

(P. sexta) were more numerous in 1964 in INDIANA than in previous years. Pre-
liminary evaluation of light trap collections suggests that populations in the
southern half of Indiana were considerably higher than those in the northern
half; however, economic damage remained at a low level throughout the State.
Tomato hornworm was present in OKLAHOMA. It damaged tomatoes over a wide area

of the Rio Grande Valley of TEXAS. Protoparce sp. was a problem on tomato plants
in home gardens in the southern counties of NEW MEXICO. Chemical controls were
required in commercial tomato fields near Columbus, Luna County.

Tomato hornworm was a general pest of tomatoes in a few northern CALIFORNIA
counties. Damage to tomatoes by this hornworm was unusually severe in Iron
County, UTAH. Very light damage occurred on tomatoes in the Arkansas River
Valley of COLORADO but tomato hornworm was abundant enough to require at least
one insecticide application in the western section of the State.

Tomato hornworm was reported heavy in the Westerly area of Washington County,
RHODE ISLAND, in August. This species was a pest of tomatoes in ALABAMA.

POTATO TUBERWORM (Gnorimoschema operculellum) caused very light injury in the
field in MICHIGAN. Because of low insect numbers and lush plant growth, larvae
and adults went undetected in one or possibly more Monroe County fields until
September 14. Positive identification of this gelechiid moth was made from 3
fields near Erie on that date. A sizeable number of adults was present in the
field at the time recommendations for insecticidal treatments were made. Very
few larvae and adults could be found near harvesttime in late September. The
magnitude of the 1964 problem was greatly reduced from that of 1963 in Michigan.
Potato tuberworm mined potato foliage on the Eastern Shore of VIRGINIA. There

- 253 -

was almost no activity on potatoes in the Hastings area of FLORIDA. Varied
populations occurred in potato-growing areas of CALIFORNIA. Another gelechiid
moth, TOMATO PINWORM (Keiferia lycopersicella), was heavier in that State than

it had been in many years. Tomato pinworm occurs in very few California counties.

EUROPEAN CORN BORER (Ostrinia nubilalis) heavily infested some untreated peppers
in DELAWARE, particularly during September in Sussex County. Peak adult flights
occurred in mid-May, late July and from mid-August through the first 2 weeks in

September in Delaware. European corn borer was light on pimento peppers in the

northern section of ALABAMA during the late season.

COLORADO POTATO BEETLE (Leptinotarsa decemlineata) populations were about normal
in ALABAMA. In GEORGIA, this leaf beetle was light to heavy on commercial tomato
plants and heavy on commercial potatoes for fresh market in the southern section
of the State. On the Eastern Shore of VIRGINIA and MARYLAND unusually cool weather
appeared to favor this beetle which was a considerable problem. Three broods
appeared in Virginia, which was rather unusual. Unprotected potatoes, tomatoes
and eggplants were damaged extensively on the lower Eastern Shore of Maryland
especially early in the season. High population levels were again noted in

NEW JERSEY where it was more troublesome on tomatoes and eggplants than it was

on potatoes. Colorado potato beetle was serious on potatoes on Long Island,

NEW YORK, early in the season; it was light on tomatoes in some areas of the
State. In MASSACHUSETTS, Colorado potato beetle was extremely abundant in
Hampshire and Franklin Counties. Difficulty in control was experienced by some
growers, A largercarryover is expected in Massachusetts. Heavy, overwintered
populations attacked emerging crops in RHODE ISLAND in mid-May. Oviposition was
noted in the Kingston area May 27 and adults of a new generation began appearing
in mid-July. Late season populations were smaller than in 1963 in commercial
plantings of Rhode Island. A single adult was taken in Monmouth, Kennebec County,
MAINE, on potato foliage on June 25. Appreciable numbers were reported from
Southern areas of the State in late June. Colorado potato beetle was moderate

to heavy in New Sharon, Franklin County, in late July.

Colorado potato beetle populations were heavy on potatoes in southwestern OHIO.
Statewide injury resulting from larval feeding was generally lower in MICHIGAN
in 1964 than it was in 1963. Although severe damage occurred on potatoes near
Elgin, Grant County, NORTH DAKOTA, damage was generally noneconomic in other
areas of the State. Small numbers of Colorado potato beetle were reported from
southeastern MISSOURI during mid-May.

Colorado potato beetle was found in COLORADO but it caused only light losses in
the northern sections. This pest waS more numerous than usual in UTAH. Slightly
larger numbers of adults and larvae were found infesting potatoes in southeastern
WYOMING in 1964. Damage, however, was confined to sparse, localized areas within
fields and very little control work was necessary. The first adults were
recovered in Goshen County, Wyoming, in mid-June; adults and larvae averaged 12
per hill in infested areas. Adults were emerging from the soil in WASHINGTON

by late April and dying for lack of black nightshade, the spring host. Egg
masses were abundant on potatoes and nightshades in south central Washington by
early June.

FLEA BEETLES were moderate to heavy on commercial tomato and eggplant fields in
southern GEORGIA. Unspecified flea beetles were pests of tomatoes and potatoes
in ALABAMA. POTATO FLEA BEETLE (Epitrix cucumeris) caused extensive damage to
potato tubers which was responsible for loss of grade and rejection for out-of-
State shipments in VIRGINIA. Damage was not observed until July 10. The second-
brood larvae were mainly responsible for losses in Virginia. Epitrix spp. were
heavy on unprotected potatoes, tomatoes and eggplants in all sections of MARYLAND
during May and June. Potato flea beetle adults were present on potatoes through-
out DELAWARE by mid-May and built up to high numbers in a few fields in New
Castle County by late June. Populations of this flea beetle were generally high
during August in Kent County. Adults of TOBACCO FLEA BEETLE (E. hirtipennis)

- 254 -

were more numerous than usual in Delaware during May and again in August on
tomatoes in Sussex County. Another leaf beetle, THREE-LINED POTATO BEETLE (Lema
trilineata), was fairly numerous in a small field in RHODE ISLAND in Coventry,
Kent County, but otherwise it was scarce in the State. Potato flea beetle was
unusually scarce throughout the season in MAINE; summer-generation adults were
present in trace numbers on potatoes only in mid-August. Potato flea beetle was
general on tomatoes in Androscoggin and Sagadahoc Counties during early and mid-
June, Moderate infestations and damage occurred on tomatoes in Portland,
Cumberland County, during the same period.

Potato flea beetle caused extensive damage to potatoes in OHIO where this crop
was not adequately sprayed. TUBER FLEA BEETLE (Epitrix tuberis) was widespread
but not economically important in COLORADO in the Arkansas River Valley area.
Tuber flea beetle was light in a few fields in the Montrose area, Montrose
County, of western Colorado; in the northern area, populations reached economic
levels in some fields. PALE-STRIPED FLEA BEETLE (Systena blanda) was numerous

in the northern area of Colorado which had economic infestations; controls
prevented losses. Tobacco flea beetle was quite severe on early tomato plantings
in CALIFORNIA in Yolo, Butte, Sacramento, Santa Clara, San Diego and Alameda
Counties.

A BLISTER BEETLE (Epicauta sp.) caused heavy damage to tomatoes in West Carroll
Parish, LOUISIANA. Several species of BLISTER BEETLES damaged gardens in
OKLAHOMA, especially tomatoes. Blister beetles were noted in many areas from
mid-July until mid-September in Oklahoma. Several species, mostly CLEMATIS
BLISTER BEETLE (Epicauta cinerea) and Epicauta sp. were numerous in late

July in northeastern KANSAS on potatoes and tomatoes.

PACIFIC COAST WIREWORM (Limonius canus) adult activity began in late April in
Grant County, WASHINGTON, and larvae were damaging potatoes by mid-June. GREAT
BASIN WIREWORM (Ctenicera pruinina) destroyed pieces of seed potatoes in early
May in that county. SOUTHERN POTATO WIREWORM (Conoderus falli) was at the
lowest level in 9 years in the Hastings area of FLORIDA on potatoes; unspecified
wireworms were more abundant than usual on potatoes at Homestead, due perhaps
to reduced effectiveness of formerly effective insecticides.

PEPPER WEEVIL (Anthonomus eugenii) was locally damaging to chili peppers in
Orange County, CALIFORNIA. Pepper weevil is routinely considered a potential
or actual pest of peppers in the Immokalee area of FLORIDA.

BUCKTHORN APHID (Aphis nasturtii) and FOXGLOVE APHID (Acyrthosiphon solani)
populations on potatoes in MAINE remained rather small throughout the season,
Spring activity began in early June. Entomogenous fungi showed substantial
increases during late August and were chiefly responsible for the strong decline
in aphid numbers during that period. Spring migrants of POTATO APHID (Macrosiphum
euphorbiae) and GREEN PEACH APHID (Myzus persicae) matured on swamp rose in early
June in Maine. A survey June 8-9 showed that potato aphid and green peach aphid
were unusually abundant on potatoes; however, numbers remained rather small
throughout the season in Maine. A significant buildup of potato aphid developed
in the potato-growing area of RHODE ISLAND during the dry period of July; it

was also observed on tomatoes in the State. Green peach aphid was unusually
abundant on potatoes in MASSACHUSETTS and difficulty in control was experienced
in many areas, Green peach aphid and potato aphid were very numerous on potatoes
in NEW YORK but effective insecticides held populations in check; potato aphid
was occaSionally troublesome on tomatoes in New York. Very high populations of
green peach aphid developed on potatoes and some other crops in NEW JERSEY in
August and September. Control was most difficult for many New Jersey potato
growers. Very heavy infestations of green peach aphid occurred on sweet peppers
in areas of Sussex County, DELAWARE, starting the second week of August. Green
peach aphid was also noted on potatoes in Kent County during this period. Potato
aphid populations were above normal in all sections of MARYLAND on potatoes and

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tomatoes; it was severe on tomato plants in one section of VIRGINIA, Unspecified
APHIDS attacked pimento peppers in northern section of ALABAMA throughout the
season. Aphids were also pests of potatoes and tomatoes. Green peach aphid
populations were high at the end of the season in April and May in the Hastings
area of FLORIDA. The usual amount of aphids was encountered in the Homestead
area of that State. Green peach aphid was abundant on potatoes at Homestead,
Florida, during February through March. Aphids were the only insect problem on
young pepper plants grown in north central Florida for resetting in States farther
north. When a systemic insecticide was used, the aphid problem was alleviated.
Green peach aphid was very severe on peppers in Brandenton, Florida, where
pesticide applications were neglected, but potato aphid was less abundant,

Aphids were also important on seedling tomatoes grown in north central Florida
for resetting in more northern States, but controls were effective.

Green peach aphid winged forms were numerous around potato fields of WASHINGTON
in mid-July, but populations were reduced by hot weather in August. Potato
aphid infested potatoes and tomatoes locally in CALIFORNIA in Fresno, Sacramento
and Siskiyou Counties. APPLE GRAIN APHID (Rhopalosiphum fitchii) was reported
in several California locations on tomatoes. Undetermined aphids were extremely
prevalent in California and persisted well into the summer. Green peach aphid
and potato aphid were found occasionally in the western section of COLORADO
mainly in the Montrose area of Montrose County. One or 2 control applications
were necessary. In the northern section of Colorado, populations reached economic
levels by late August and September; timely control measures prevented losses.
Green peach aphid and potato aphid were troublesome on untreated tomatoes and
peppers in the truck-gardening areas of southern LOUISIANA.

GREENHOUSE WHITEFLY (Trialeurodes vaporariorum) required constant attention on
greenhouse tomatoes in OHIO. The first eggs of a WHITEFLY (Aleyrodes spiraeoides)
were observed on nightshade in late May in Walla Walla County, WASHINGTON. The
first adults were observed on potatoes in mid-July.

POTATO LEAFHOPPER (Empoasca fabae) was the most important insect attacking
vegetable crops in OHIO. It caused serious damage to potatoes, peppers, egg-
plants and beans. Populations on unsprayed plantswere about normal in Ohio. The
first adults of the season in MICHIGAN were collected in late May in Livingston
and Monroe Counties. Populations built up and were heavy in late June in Monroe
and Allegan Counties. High populations continued in many areas of Lower Michigan
during July and August on potatoes and other crops, but good spray programs kept
problems low on potatoes. Heavy potato, leafhopper populations occurred on
potatoes in WISCONSIN and it was abundant through September 25 and persisted
until October 23, SIX-SPOTTED LEAFHOPPER (Macrosteles fascifrons) occurred on
potatoes grown in the valley of the Red River of the North in NORTH DAKOTA midway
in the season. Potato leafhopper counts were reported as 3-4 per plant in potato
fields in Ray County, MISSOURI.

BEET LEAFHOPPER (Circulifer tenellus) populations were reduced in the western
section of COLORADO by the blanket spray program for control of this pest on
sugar beets. This, in turn, kept the incidence of curly top disease in tomatoes
down to 2-5 percent, which is low. Beet leafhopper was found in all sections of
the Arkansas River Valley of Colorado, but damage was negligible. Six-spotted
leafhopper was present at economic levels on potatoes in the northern section in
late August and September; control measures prevented losses. Six-spotted leaf-
hopper was also present on tomatoes in Colorado. Beet leafhopper caused serious
losses to tomatoes in Iron County, UTAH, during 1964,

LEAFHOPPERS were serious pests of potatoes in ALABAMA. Potato leafhopper was a
definite problem on several large potato plantings on the Eastern Shore of
MARYLAND. Great numbers of potato leafhopper were found on potatoes in NEW
JERSEY. In VERMONT, potato leafhopper was a problem on beans and potatoes in
home gardens. Unidentified leafhoppers were moderate to heavy on unsprayed
potato foliage in the central section of MAINE in early July.

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POTATO PSYLLID (Paratrioza cockerelli) infestations were low in NEBRASKA early

in the season. Populations built up in late August and September. A considerable
amount of psyllid yellows occurred on potatoes and tomatoes in the western part

of Nebraska. Potato psyllid attained higher populations and remained economically
important longer in the Arkansas Valley of COLORADO than it had in several years.
Adults in this 5-county area, Pueblo, Crowley, Otero, Bent and Prowers, maintained
population levels of 100 per 100 sweeps on the wild host plant, matrimony-vine,
into July. At the end of May, adults reached highs of 40 per 100 sweeps in
untreated potato fields of the Arkansas Valley; thereafter, adults ranged 0-10

per 100 sweeps depending on controls. As many as 6 treatments were required on
potatoes in the Arkansas Valley. Potato psyllid was found in trace numbers on
potatoes in the western counties of Garfield, Mesa, Delta and Montrose early in
the season but could not be picked up later in the season. This psyllid was not
so large a problem on tomatoes in the Arkansas Valley as it was on potatoes
although it was found in greater numbers in that part of Colorado. Extremely
large populations were found on the potato-growing areas throughout WYOMING.
Potato psyllid was first recovered in Laramie County in mid-June on both potatoes
and matrimony-vine. Counts ranged 3-4 per 100 sweeps in most potato fields in
southeastern Wyoming, but one field near Pine Bluffs, Laramie County, averaged

16 per 100 sweeps. Counts in the Big Horn Basin were somewhat lower, averaging

1 or 2 per 100 sweeps. Psyllid yellows damaged some tomatoes, but timely appli-
cations of systemic and contact insecticides held this disease to a small inci-
dence on potatoes,

BROWN STINK BUG (Euschistus servus) and SOUTHERN GREEN STINK BUG (Nezara viridula)
were light on tomatoes in GEORGIA, LEAF-FOOTED BUG (Leptoglossus phyllopus) was
a minor pest of tomatoes in ALABAMA, Southern green stink bug was generally less
abundant than usual in the Homestead area of FLORIDA on tomatoes, STINK BUGS,
with Euschistus obscurus the predominant species, were heavy on tomatoes in
LOUISIANA in Plaquemines and St. Bernard Parishes. FALSE CHINCH BUG (Nysus ericae)
caused heavy damage in isolated spots in commercial potato fields in Ray County,
MISSOURI; counts ranged 5-75 per leaf, An attack by HARLEQUIN BUG (Murgantia
histrionica) defoliated eggplants and horseradishes in Gage County, NEBRASKA.
False chinch bug occurred in nearly all potato fields of the Arkansas River
Valley of COLORADO but sprays were applied specifically for this pest in only 2
fields, False chinch bug reached economic levels in the northern area of
Colorado but controls prevented loss to potatoes. Nysius sp. was a pest of
tomatoes in a few CALIFORNIA locations.

PEPPER MAGGOT (Zonosemata electa) infested commercial peppers in the Warren-
Franklin County area of NORTH CAROLINA in late July. This was the second consecu-
tive year for this area, Ten acres of commercial peppers in Nash County, North
Carolina, were also infested at that time. Pepper maggot was a serious problem
again in NEW JERSEY mainly in the southern part of the State where peppers are
grown. A LEAF MINER FLY (Liriomyza munda) required constant attention on green-
house tomatoes in OHIO. Leaf mines caused by Liriomyza spp. were probably less
abundant than usual on tomatoes at Homestead, FLORIDA; a rather tight control
schedule was required in the Fort Pierce area, Leaf miner flies were probably
slightly more abundant in that part of Florida on tomatoes than they were in 1963.
L. munda and L, trifolii were very severe on tomatoes at all times of the year

in the Bradenton area of Florida, A VINEGAR FLY (Drosophila melanogaster) was
locally heavy in a few CALIFORNIA locations, particularly on tomatoes. This
problem has been reduced by sanitation methods.

A THRIPS (probably Taeniothrips orionis) was very numerous on a number of potato
blossoms in ALASKA where it was reported to have destroyed pollen to a consider-
able extent at the Matanuska Experiment Station. THRIPS lightly infested
tomatoes in VIRGINIA. Thrips are routinely considered a potential or actual
problem on peppers in the Immokalee area of FLORIDA,

TWO-SPOTTED SPIDER MITE (Tetranychus telarius) was very heavy on tomatoes in
mid-August in DELAWARE and caused severe injury in areas of Sussex County.
SPIDER MITES caused a very serious problem on tomatoes and eggplants in

= 257 -

NEW JERSEY. Tetranychus spp. damaged tomatoes and other vegetables from early
June to mid-September in OKLAHOMA, Populations of TOMATO RUSSET MITE (Aculus
lycopersici) varied on tomatoes in CALIFORNIA from Santa Barbara County northward,

SPRINGTAILS damaged and usually killed young pepper seedlings in home gardens in
the Socorro area of NEW MEXICO during May. Entomobrya unostrigata was particu-
larly troublesome in tomato seedbeds and early set tomatoes in Yolo County,
CALIFORNIA,

GARDEN SYMPHYLAN (Scutigerella immaculata) damaged potatoes in the lower Yakima
Valley of WASHINGTON. Garden symphylan reached economic levels in numerous
potato fields in northern COLORADO but controls prevented losses.

CRUCIFER INSECTS
Highlights:

NOCTUID MOTHS and other moths, particularly IMPORTED CABBAGEWORM, were destructive
to crucifers in nearly all States reporting. Both home gardens and commercial
fields had difficulty with these pests. APHIDS were also troublesome on cruci-
fers, CABBAGE MAGGOT was severe in Maine, New York and North Carolina. Popula-
tions and injury to cabbage was the highest reported in many years in Wisconsin.
ROOT MAGGOTS, primarilally TURNIP MAGGOT, were the most consistent and widespread
problem in Alaska. FLEA BEETLES were the primary coleopterous pests of crucifers,
although a WEEVIL (Brachyrhinus cribricollis) was quite severe on broccoli in
California.

CABBAGE LOOPER (Trichoplusia ni) was definitely worse than in 1963 in the Sanford
area of FLORIDA. It is rated as more of a pest in 1964 than for an average year.
This is true for cauliflower as well as cabbage in that area. At Hastings,
cabbage looper populations were high early and late in the season as usual, the
season being from November to March, This looper destroyed late, unsprayed
cabbage in that area. Cabbage looper was extremely abundant on all cruciferous
crops such as cabbage, cauliflower, turnips and rutabagas in Bradenton, Florida.
Cabbage looper was the most damaging pest of crucifers in ALABAMA in 1964, This
noctuid moth damaged commercial cabbage near Beaufort, Carteret County, NORTH
CAROLINA, during the third week of May and larvae were a severe problem to
Commercial and home growers in all areas of the State. Cabbage looper was diffi-
cult to control on fall cabbage in the northeastern commercial area of North
Carolina, This looper was generally light on crucifers in MARYLAND but it became
abundant and destructive to plantings of cabbage and broccoli over a wide area

in August and September. Cabbage looper was very numerous on cabbage and broccoli
during late August and early September in DELAWARE in Kent County. This pest

was extremely severe on cole crops in NEW JERSEY where many growers failed to
control this insect in late August and early September. On Long Island, NEW
YORK, cabbage looper was severe on crucifers and difficult to control. It was
prevalent on crucifers in VERMONT.

Cabbage looper and related species were unusually abundant and apparently diffi-
cult to control in WISCONSIN; damage occurred in Columbia, Racine and Kenosha
Counties on commercial cabbage and commercial broccoli and brussels sprouts were
damaged severely in Bayfield County. Cabbages in home gardens of KANSAS were
destroyed where adequate controls were not used; commercial growers in Kansas
also had difficulty controlling this pest. Turnip greens in Angelina County,
TEXAS, were damaged, as well as cabbage over most of the State, Cabbage looper
was generally moderate to heavy in the southern part of LOUISIANA on cole crops.
This noctuid moth was medium to heavy on cabbage and other truck crops in ARIZONA
and controls were often ineffective. Some parasitism occurred in Yuma County.

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ZEBRA CATERPILLAR (Ceramica picta) was noted in isolated instances in NORTH
DAKOTA where larvae attacked cabbage in the southeastern area. CUTWORMS were
light to moderate on cabbage in the middle section of GEORGIA. Cutworms were
heavy locally on early plantings of cabbage in the Hastings area of FLORIDA.
Cutworms, particularly GRANULATE CUTWORM (Feltia subterranea) , were very
injurious to cabbage in the Belle Glade area. Peak populations occurred in
April; however, considerable injury caused by cutworms appeared again in November
and December. Cabbage looper is often credited with damage caused by granulate
cutworm in Florida as these larvae commonly bore into cabbage heads and remain
there throughout the day, returning to the soil only for pupation. Untreated
cabbage will sometimes have 25-50 percent of the heads attacked by granulate
cutworm in the Belle Glade area of Florida.

IMPORTED CABBAGEWORM (Pieris rapae) adults were in flight in Orono area, Penobscot
County, MAINE, on May 2 and in Aroostook County by May 26. Moderate infestations
with general damage occurred throughout Androscoggin and Sagadohoc Counties on
cabbage and cauliflower in early and mid-June, In VERMONT, imported cabbageworm
was prevalent on crucifers. It was present but caused no Concern in RHODE ISLAND.
This pest was plentiful and troublesome early in the season in NEW YORK.
Infestations in MARYLAND were conspicuous on several cole crops in all sections
with heavy damage occurring in home gardens. Only localized damage was reported
on cole crops in VIRGINIA. Imported cabbageworm was very damaging to crucifers

in ALABAMA in 1964, This pest ranged very few to none on crucifers in the Sanford
area Of FLORIDA.

Imported cabbageworm ranged moderate to heavy on cole crops in LOUISIANA generally
in the southern part of the State. Larvae caused considerable damage to cabbage
in fields of NEW MEXICO in Valencia and Bernalillo Counties during July. Imported
cabbageworm caused the destruction of cabbages in home gardens of KANSAS where
adequate controls were not applied; commercial growers also had difficulty in
controlling this pest. This pierid butterfly was light in cabbages in COLORADO
but some fields required controls. Imported cabbageworm was severe on cole

crops in most eastern areas of NORTH DAKOTA.

DIAMONDBACK MOTH (Plutella maculipennis) damaged cabbage in Parmer County, TEXAS,
This pest was moderate to heavy on cole crops of LOUISIANA, generally in the
southern part of the State. Diamondback moth and unspecified WEBWORMS damaged
crucifers in ALABAMA. Larvae of diamondback moth caused localized damage in
VIRGINIA on cole crops. This pest was plentiful and troublesome in NEW YORK.

CABBAGE APHID (Brevicoryne brassicae) and GREEN PEACH APHID (Myzus persicae) were
very light on crucifers and even on cabbage in the early stage at Sanford,
FLORIDA. Cabbage aphid was heavy on brussels sprouts and rutabaga and low on
cabbage at Hastings. Cabbage aphid damage was spotty on crucifers at Belle Glade
area while green peach aphid was generally present but in low numbers in that
part of Florida. Cabbage aphid ranged light to moderate on commercial cabbage
plants grown for plants and for the fresh market in GEORGIA. APHIDS, including
TURNIP APHID Hyadaphis pseudobrassicae) , POPLAR PETIOLE GALL APHID (Pemphigus
populitransversus) and cabbage aphid damaged crucifers in ALABAMA. Cabbage

aphid required controls in VIRGINIA on seed kale and collards. Cabbage aphid

was light and inconsequential on Long Island, but it was extremely heavy in

other parts of NEW YORK. Moderate populations of cabbage aphid caused light
injury to cabbage in MAINE in Cape Elizabeth, Cumberland County, in late August.

Turnip aphid was very common on turnips in OHIO. Unspecified aphids were present
on greens in OKLAHOMA. Poplar petiole gall aphid damaged cabbage over a wide
area of the Rio Grande Valley of TEXAS. Cabbage aphid required controls all

year in CALIFORNIA on cole crops in all areas.

HARLEQUIN BUG (Murgantia histrionica) damaged crucifers in ALABAMA, This bug
was moderate to heavy in collards, cabbages and turnips in GEORGIA and was
general over the State. This stink bug defoliated horseradish and eggplants in
Gage County, NEBRASKA. A PYRRHOCORID BUG (Largus cinctus californicus) damaged
Swiss chard plantings in San Luis Obispo County, unty, CALIFORNIA, in October.

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CABBAGE MAGGOT (Hylemya brassicae) egg deposition on cabbage was heavy in early
June in MAINE in the Cape Elizabeth area of Cumberland County. High maggot
populations and severe damage to radishes was observed in that county at Scarboro
during the same period. Damage and infestations on radishes in Androscoggin and
Sagadahoc Counties of Maine were light in early June. Flies of this species
were very active in Hampden and Hampshire Counties of MASSACHUSETTS where in
some fields practically all plants had 2-7 eggs deposited near stems. Cabbage
maggot was more troublesome than usual in RHODE ISLAND in 1964. This maggot

was severe in some locations in NEW YORK and control measures gave poor results.
Unspecified ROOT MAGGOTS caused 10-20 percent damage to heads of cabbages in
PENNSYLVANIA in the central section of the State. LEAF MINER FLIES (Liriomyza
munda and L. trifolii) were severe on mustard in th Bradenton area of FLORIDA.

Root maggots, primarily TURNIP MAGGOT (Hylemya floralis), were the most consistent
and widespread insect problem as usual in ALASKA on susceptible crucifers but the
season began later than normal. Cabbage maggot was generally light in the west-
ern part of WASHINGTON but resistance to an insecticide was recorded on San Juan
Island. Cabbage maggot damaged cole crops in Santa Cruz and San Mateo Counties

of CALIFORNIA. Populations and injury caused by cabbage maggot was the highest
reported in many years in WISCONSIN. This maggot caused considerable damage to
radishes in Anoka County, MINNESOTA, at Anoka.

FLEA BEETLES were plentiful and required controls on crucifers in NEW YORK.
Rather heavy feeding injury caused by Phyllotreta cruciferae occurred on young
cabbage in early May and on horseradish in June in DELAWARE. In MARYLAND, P.
cruciferae was unusually injurious to cabbage, turnips, radishes and other
crucifers at several locations during May and June. Several species of flea
beetles and WIREWORMS were damaging to crucifers in ALABAMA in 1964. An unspeci-
fied LEAF BEETLE badly damaged some young mustard plants locally in Gainesville,
FLORIDA, but it has not been determined how widespread this infestation may be.

A WEEVIL (Brachyrhinus cribricollis) was quite severe on broccoli in Santa
Barbara County, CALIFORNIA.

EUROPEAN EARWIG (Forficula auricularia) was heavy on cabbage and broccoli in
Lackawanna County, PENNSYLVANIA, and an unidentified THRIPS rendered an entire
field of cabbage unsaleable in York County. ONION THRIPS (Thrips tabaci) caused
moderate damage to cabbage and other crops in OHIO early in the summer.

BEAN, PEA AND OTHER LEGUME INSECTS
Highlights:

MEXICAN BEAN BEETLE is the most important pest of table legumes in North Carolina
and caused more injury than usual in the bean-producing areas of Michigan, This
beetle, first found in Kansas in 1961, has spread to Atchison and Brown Counties.
Several States indicate that Mexican bean beetle was less troublesome than usual,
An outbreak of GREEN CLOVERWORM occurred in Michigan bean fields in late July
and continued through the third week of August and an unusually widespread
infestation occurred in New York on beans in August. The first real CUTWORM
outbreak in 5 years occurred in Alaska when peas were attacked by several
species, especially RED-BACKED CUTWORM and BLACK CUTWORM.

MEXICAN BEAN BEETLE (Epilachna varivestis) was one of the major pests of pole
beans in the Quincy area of FLORIDA; losses to this crop were light. Mexican
bean beetle overwintered in tremendous numbers in ALABAMA, It appeared through—
out the State in April and became a major pest of peas and beans throughout the

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year in Alabama. In GEORGIA, this pest was light to heavy on pole, bunch and
lima beans. Mexican bean beetle continued to be the most troublesome pest of
commercial and home garden beans in all areas of NORTH CAROLINA, This leaf-
feeding lady beetle was about normal in MARYLAND where it caused considerable
but scattered damage to pole, snap and lima beans in all sections. Numbers were
heaviest on untreated home gardens in Maryland. Mexican bean beetle was not a
problem in NEW YORK in 1964; present in normal abundance in RHODE ISLAND and
generally scarce throughout NEW HAMPSHIRE, a condition which has been noted for
several years in that State. Mexican bean beetle caused light damage to dry
beans in Woolwich, Sagadahoc County, MAINE.

Mexican bean beetle numbers increased in northeastern KANSAS. The first collec-
tion in the State was made at Armourdale district of Wyandotte County in 1961.
New county records in Kansas for 1964 included Atchison and Brown. Complaints
of injury to garden beans were numerous by June 25 and injury was again reported
serious in gardens in the fall in Kansas. Mexican bean beetle was slightly more
abundant in WYOMING than it was in 1963, but it caused only very light damage in
the Platte County area. The first specimens were recovered in mid-June in Platte
County where larvae and adults averaged 12 per sweep in infested fields. Very
little control effort was made in Wyoming. Light populations occurred on beans
in COLORADO; adults appeared on pinto beans in the western section in light
numbers in July. Some controls were used in that area, In the Arkansas Valley
area of Colorado, trace numbers were found in Otero and Pueblo Counties; no
damage occurred. Mexican bean beetle damaged the foliage of pole and bush beans
in gardens in Bernalillo, Valencia and Sandoval Counties of NEW MEXICO. Lighter
infestations were found in Torrance County.

BEAN LEAF BEETLE (Cerotoma trifurcata) overwintered in ALABAMA in tremendous
numbers; it appeared throughout the State in April and became a major pest on
beans and peas for the remainder of the year. Bean leaf beetle was light to
heavy on pole, bunch and lima beans in GEORGIA. Adults of bean leaf beetle were
below normal on snap and lima beans in all Sections of MARYLAND. High adult
populations of a FLEA BEETLE (Phyllotreta cruciferae) were noted on peas in
DELAWARE in late April. Bean leaf beetle was reported feeding on truck crops
and gardens in MISSOURI.

COWPEA CURCULIO (Chalcodermus aeneus) was a serious pest of peas and beans in
ALASKA and damaged southern peas in the Rio Grande Valley of TEXAS. ROSE CHAFER
(Macrodactylus subspinosus) was noted feeding on beans in VERMONT.

GREEN CLOVERWORM (Plathypena scabra) outbreak occurred in MICHIGAN in field beans.
The larval outbreak began in late July and continued through the third week of
August with declining numbers continuing in some fields of navy and red kidney
beans until mid-September. A general infestation occurred over the entire bean-
growing areas of the "thumb" and Saginaw Valley and extended westward into Ionia
and Montcalm Counties. Widespread application of insecticides, mostly by air-
craft, was made. Some fields were treated unnecessarily because of poor timing
and/or light infestations. Highest recorded counts were made August 4 in Saginaw
County where 200 or more larvae per 25 feet of row were dislodged by shaking.
Injury to young pods and foliage ranged from light to heavy among fields of navy
and red kidney beans. Data on adult collections at blacklight traps were obtained
at various stations. Adults continued to be taken throughout September and were
sampled as far north as Iron and Menomiee Counties. This is the first year that
this species reached outbreak proportions in Michigan, CABBAGE LOOPER (Tricho-
plusia ni) and related species were unusually abundant and apparently difficult

to control in WISCONSIN. Larvae were common in scattered pea fields and beans
were damaged in the northeast and central parts of the State.

Green cloverworm populations were heavier and more widespread in upstate NEW
YORK on beans than previously reported. This infestation was first detected on
August 8. Infestations were heaviest on white kidney beans and lightest on pea
beans and black turtle soup beans in New York. Heavy infestations of TOMATO
FRUITWORM (Heliothis zea) occurred in snap beans and late planted lima beans

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during early September in DELAWARE following heavy flights of adults in late
August. CUTWORMS were present and damaging on peas and beans in ALABAMA but
were of minor importance. Tomato fruitworm was one of the major pests of pole
beans in FLORIDA in the Quincy area. Infestations of a NOCTUID MOTH (Pseudoplusia
includens) were light and of minor importance on beans in that area. In the
muck area of Zellwood, Orange County, Florida, Agrotis spp., cabbage looper, and
FALL ARMYWORM (Spodoptera frugiperda) caused considerable trouble to pole beans
during the spring. At Belle Glade, Florida, cutworms, particularly GRANULATE
CUTWORM (Feltia subterranea), were very injurious to beans. Populations reached
a peak in April but they caused considerable injury again during November and
December. Tomato fruitworm appears to be more injurious to beans and southern
peas in Florida than in the past and a complex of this noctuid moth plus fall
armyworm, SOUTHERN ARMYWORM (Prodenia eridania) and SALT-MARSH CATERPILLAR
(Estigmene acrea) caused damage to podsof table legumes both on the coast and in
the Everglades. Complaints were received from growers concerning Similar damage
during October and November but it seems likely that damage in the fall was
lighter than during the spring. Tomato fruitworm and armyworms were light and
cabbage looper was heavy in some fields in the Belle Glade area on bush beans
and at harvest, cabbage looper averaged nearly 1 per plant and was very diffi-
cult to control with insecticides.

Several cutworm species, especially RED-BACKED CUTWORM (Euxoa ochrogaster) and
BLACK CUTWORM (Agrotis ipsilon) , required widespread treatments in ALASKA. New
stands of peas were cut off for the first real outbreak in 5 years in Alaska,
Tomato fruitworm infestations continued in beans statewide in CALIFORNIA.
WESTERN BEAN CUTWORM (Loxagrotis albicosta) was present in light numbers on
beans in COLORADO. Tomato fruitworm was a problem on fall-grown snap beans in
ARKANSAS.

Other lepidopterous pests of legumes included EUROPEAN CORN BORER (Ostrinia
nubilalis) in MISSOURI where larvae were found in 70-90 percent (35 percent of
the pods) of purple-hulled peas over a 500-acre area in southeastern Missouri,
LESSER CORNSTALK BORER (Elasmopalpus lignosellus) was a minor problem on southern
peas and snap beans in ARKANSAS in August in the southwestern section. This

pest was generally light to moderate on peas and beans in GEORGIA and a serious
pest of these crops in ALABAMA. European corn borer damaged 20 acres of green
beans in Clinton County, PENNSYLVANIA, and rendered the crop unsaleable. At
Homestead, FLORIDA, BEAN LEAF ROLLER (Urbanus proteus) was abundant as usual on
beans.

BEAN APHID (Aphis fabae) populations were high on pole beans in Clark County,
WASHINGTON, in early July. This aphid was a problem on lima beans in several
CALIFORNIA counties.

PEA APHID (Acyrthosiphon pisum) winged forms were noted in peas by May 15 in
WISCONSIN but populations remained low throughout the growing season, averaging
about 2-4 per sweep. Damage in Wisconsin was minimal or nonexistent. Pea aphid
was not a pest of peas in NEW YORK in 1964. This aphid was present on commercial
peas in DELAWARE by mid-April with noticeable population increases in a few
fields by the first week of May. High numbers were present on untreated peas
during mid-May until harvest in Delaware. Populations of pea aphid were somewhat
below normal on peas in all sections of MARYLAND. APHIDS were present and
damaging to peas and beans in ALABAMA, Black aphids, probably bean aphid and
COWPEA APHID (Aphis craccivora), were troublesome in some plantings of beans and
southern peas during the spring in the Belle Glade area of FLORIDA.

POTATO LEAFHOPPER (Empoasca fabae) was the most important insect attacking
vegetables in OHIO. It caused serious damage to beans and other crops. Popula-
tions on unsprayed plants in Ohio were about normal. The first adults of this
leafhopper were collected in late May in Livingston and Monroe Counties of
MICHIGAN. Populations built up and were heavy in late June in Monroe and Allegan
Counties. High populations continued in many locations of Lower Michigan during

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July and August on beans and other crops. Snap and lima beans had heavy popula-
tions in WISCONSIN which were abundant until September 25 and persisted until
October 23,

Potato leafhopper populations were again above normal in MARYLAND and caused
conspicuous foliage injury to snap and lima beans on the Eastern Shore during
July and August. Potato leafhopper was generally light on lima beans in DELAWARE,
Peak populations occurred during late July and late August. Some fields of snap
beans had high populations by late May in Delaware. Potato leafhopper was a
problem on beans in home gardens of VERMONT. In 1962, a LEAFHOPPER (Empoasca
kraemeri) waS so common in FLORIDA that it seemed as if control materials had

Tost their effectiveness. In 1963, this leafhopper was no problem but it became
abundant again in 1964 in beans at Homestead,although not to the degree it was
Inel9G62e

PLANT BUG (Heterotoma meriopterum) was recorded on scarlet runner beans in San
Juan County, WASHINGTON, LYGUS BUGS (Lygus spp.) required control on beans
throughout CALIFORNIA and FALSE CHINCH BUGS (Nysius spp.) were pests of beans

in a few locations. CONCHUELA (Chlorochroa ligata) caused damage to black-eyed
peas in the La Salle County area of TEXAS. TARNISHED PLANT BUG (Lygus lineolaris)
was heavy on peas early in the season in DELAWARE. The population peak on lima
beans occurred from mid-July to early August.

THRIPS, including Sericothrips variabilis, were very heavy on lima beans during
late May and June in DELAWARE; high numbers also occurred in August. Unspecified
thrips were heavy on commercial beans in the southern section of GEORGIA, ONION
THRIPS (Thrips tabaci) caused moderate damage to beans and other crops in OHIO
early in the summer. Thrips were light on beans in COLORADO.

SEED-CORN MAGGOT (Hylemya platura) infestations and damage was heavy on snap
beans in Canton, Oxford County, MAINE, in early August. The injury had obviously
taken place earlier in the season on treated seed. In NEW YORK, seed-corn maggot
was a problem on beans. Seed-corn maggot was heavy on garden beans in April at
Hastings, FLORIDA. LEAF MINER FLIES appeared quite heavy on beans and southern
peas at Belle Glade, but there is some experimental evidence that the yield was
not materially reduced. It may be that disease organisms that invade the mines
do more damage than the maggots. Southern peas and beans at Bradenton, Florida,
were heavily infested by Liriomyza munda and L. trifolii.

SPIDER MITES were of considerable importance on snap beans in some areas of
ALABAMA, Tetranychus spp. were a midsummer problem in several lima bean fields
on the Eastern Shore of MARYLAND. TWO-SPOTTED SPIDER MITE (T. telarius) was
very heavy on bean foliage in Cranston, Providence County, RHODE ISLAND, in mid-
July. Two-spotted spider mite was light on beans in COLORADO.

In WASHINGTON, GRAY GARDEN SLUG (Deroceras reticulatum) caused severe damage to
pole beans in Clark County in late June. The cool, wet season probably was

favorable for the very destructive population of GARDEN SYMPHYLAN (Scutigerella
immaculata) on beans in the southwestern part of Washington. FR ey

ASPARAGUS, ONION AND GARLIC INSECTS

ASPARAGUS BEETLE (Crioceris asparagi) adults were about normal early in the
season on commercial asparagus in MARYLAND. Adults and larvae on foliage during
the summer were generally light except for some heavily damaged home garden
plantings in Maryland. C. asparagi was generally under excellent control in
most areas of DELAWARE; light feeding injury was noted in New Castle County
during mid-April. Both asparagus beetle and SPOTTED ASPARAGUS BEETLE (C.
duodecimpunctata) were present in average abundance in RHODE ISLAND from June

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through August. In MAINE, C, duodecimpunctata infestations and damage were light
on asparagus in Auburn, Androscoggin County, in mid-June,

Both asparagus beetle and spotted asparagus beetle caused heavy injury in south-
western MICHIGAN during May. Egg laying and feeding injury were widespread by
May 15. More rigid control measures were required in Michigan. C. duodecim-
punctata was abundant in the southern one-third of NORTH DAKOTA on asparagus.

C. asparagi was abundant enough in a 2-acre planting near Wathena, Doniphan
County, KANSAS, to cause abandonment. C. asparagi was medium on asparagus
plantings in Fountain Valley, Orange County, CALIFORNIA.

ONION MAGGOT (Hylemya antiqua) was present in ALASKA but it was of minor impor-
tance. Generally light infestations of this maggot occurred in the western part
of WASHINGTON. Onion maggot and SEED-CORN MAGGOT (H. platura) were noted in only
a few fields in western COLORADO where onion bulbs infected with Fusarium spp:
were decomposing. These maggots were not a problem on healthy plants; no
controls were needed in western Colorado. Onion maggot was found infesting
onions in the Vineland area of Pueblo County, Colorado, with populations of 0-60
per plant, depending upon controls, Buildup after control measures were applied
appeared to be very slow, Many growers in Pueblo County were able to obtain
good control with only 2 applications. Onion maggot continued to be a problem
in the south central district of MINNESOTA, This maggot was destructive in
several areas of WISCONSIN in late June. The heaviest infestations of several
years were reported from Eau Claire County.

ONION THRIPS (Thrips tabaci) was noted in all onion fields in the Arkansas Valley
of COLORADO during the growing season. Populations varied from 0 to 60 per plant,
depending upon application of controls. Populations built up slowly following
controls and many growers obtained good control with only 2 applications. In
western Colorado, good control was obtained with 1-2 sprays also. Frequent
showers helped keep the population down for the remainder of the season, Some
damage occurred on onions in the northern part of Colorado, Onion thrips was
heavy on garlic in Washoe County, NEVADA, in June and on onions in Clark County.
Onion thrips was a problem in Imperial, Solano and Santa Clara Counties,
CALIFORNIA, THRIPS were light to heavy on onions in the Mesilla Valley of NEW
MEXICO during the spring months. Only a few growers treated fields for thrips.
Onion thrips damaged onions in the onion-growing areas of TEXAS.

In COLORADO, CUTWORMS caused some damage to onions in the western section and
SIX-SPOTTED LEAFHOPPER (Macrosteles fascifrons) was a pest of onions in the
Arkansas Valley and in the northern section of the State late in the season.
BROWN WHEAT MITE (Petrobia latens) was medium on garlic in Lyon County, NEVADA,
in May. A SPIDER MITE (Aplonobia myops) was particularly heavy on asparagus in
the delta region of Sacramento County, CALIFORNIA. MILLIPEDS damaged asparagus
in the lower Yakima Valley of WASHINGTON.

BEET, SUGAR BEET AND SPINACH INSECTS
Highlights:

Incidence of curly top transmitted by BEET LEAFHOPPER was kept to under 5 percent
in the sugar beet producing States with the exception of Washington where 40
percent incidence was recorded, APHIDS were also apparently more troublesome in
Washington than in other sugar beet areas; SUGAR-BEET ROOT APHID was recorded

for the first time in the Columbia Basin, YELLOW-STRIPED ARMYWORM and BEET
ARMYWORM were the more important pests of sugar beets in Colorado; elsewhere
lepidopterous larvae were generally well controlled. FLEA BEETLE infestations
were heavy on seedling sugar beets for the second year in Nevada and STRIPED FLEA
BEETLE caused severe, localized damage to sugar beet seedlings in Wyoming. These
and other flea beetle infestations were controlled by sprays, however,

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BEET LEAFHOPPER (Circulifer tenellus) appeared in all areas of COLORADO. In the
Arkansas Valley numbers varied 0-50 per 100 sweeps. Symptoms of curly top disease
appeared late in the season and damage was considered to be less than 5 percent.
In the western part of Colorado, counts reached 1 per square foot by the latter
part of June and controls were applied to 95 percent of the fields, The low
incidence of curly top in western Colorado was attributed to well-timed control
efforts. Beet leafhopper caused light losses in the southeastern section of
Colorado, Curly top again damaged sugar beets in Hot Springs, Washakie and Big
Horn Counties of WYOMING; however, damage was somewhat lower than in 1963. The
first specimen of the season was recovered on April 9 in a survey of wasteland
adjacent to beet-growing areas of Washakie County. Surveys in late May and early
June revealed 0-4 per square foot sample and averaged 0.25 leafhoppers per square
foot on weed hosts. A cooperative control program conducted on 3,600 acres of
wasteland area in Washakie County may have contributed to the decline in the
amount of curly top found. Curly top averaged about one percent in fields in
that area of Wyoming. Beet leafhopper caused an estimated 4 percent loss in
yield in NEVADA by transmitting curly top disease virus to sugar beets in
Churchill County. In CALIFORNIA, control treatments to approximately 218,500
acres of range and brushlands were applied in 1964. Control was adequate with
less than a one percent infection of curly top in susceptible crops. Some beet
fields developed curly top during the season, particularly in areas adjacent to
overwintering area in the beet plantings in the Imperial Valley of California.
Beet leafhopper was abundant in sugar beets in WASHINGTON and caused a 40 percent
incidence of curly top disease in the Walla Walla area by late June.

LYGUS BUGS (Lygus hesperus and L. elisus) damaged sugar beets after the first
cutting of alfalfa in late June in Walla Walla County, WASHINGTON. lLygus spp.
averaged 2.6 per sweep in early July in sugar beet seed crop in UTAH in the
Avon-Paradise area of Cache County; this infestation was lower than normal for
the 1964 season, FALSE CHINCH BUG (Nysius ericae) caused some losses to sugar
beets in COLORADO. Adults of a PIESMID BUG (Piesma cinercum) were widely scat-—
tered in NEBRASKA where they fed on pigweeds and sugar beets.

SUGAR-BEET ROOT APHID (Pemphigus betae) fall migrants developed on sugar beet
roots in late September in WASHINGTON which was the first record of this aphid
in the Columbia Basin. Colonies of BEAN APHID (Aphis fabae) were established on
sugar beets by early June in Walla Walla County and colonies of GREEN PEACH
APHID (Myzus persicae) developed on sugar beets growing on cull piles by early
April. Winged forms were present by late April in Walla Walla County with migra-
tion to young beet plants during May. Virus yellows developed by late June in
sugar beets in that county. Populations were reduced by hot weather in August.
The first fall migrants of green peach aphid returned to peach trees in late
September in Washington. MELON APHID (Aphis gossypii) infested spinach in a few
CALIFORNIA counties. Green peach aphid caused trace losses to sugar beets in
the northeastern section of COLORADO.

WESTERN YELLOW-STRIPED ARMYWORM (Prodenia praefica) , ZEBRA CATERPILLAR (Ceramica
picta) and an unspecified CUTWORM reached light to medium infestations on sugar
beets in Churchill County, NEVADA, in June but declined substantially by the
first week in July. The most serious threats to sugar beets in western COLORADO
were YELLOW-STRIPED ARMYWORM (P. ornithogalli) and BEET ARMYWORM (Spodoptera
exigua). Heavy populations developed in the Loma-Fruita areas of Mesa County
with as high as 20 larvae per plant. As many as 4 spray applications were made
by air, with poor control in all cases. After the larvae pupated in the soil,
the second-generation moths dispersed over a wider area and were not so destruc-
tive in Colorado,

CABBAGE LOOPER (Trichoplusia ni) was found in December in FLORIDA where small
numbers of larvae were feeding on spinach at Zellwood. Larvae of this noctuid
moth were troublesome at canning and packing times. Usually there is little
trouble with this pest on spinach. Cutworms (Agrotis spp.) were moderate to
heavy in some fields of spinach at Zellwood but they were not generally severe.

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BEET WEBWORM (Loxostege sticticalis) damage was very slight in all areas of
WYOMING and caused much less concern than in 1963. The first larvae of the
Season were collected in the Big Horn Basin on June 25. Only spotty infestations
were present, and only a small amount of controls were required. The most heavily
infested fields in Wyoming averaged 6-8 per beet plant. Beet webworm ranged
light to moderate in the western section of COLORADO. Some weedy fields required
controls. Light damage occurred in various fields throughout the Arkansas Valley
during June when population reached highs of 50 per 100 sweeps (generally varied
0-20 per 100 sweeps). Trace numbers of loss occurred in the northeastern section
of Colorado and some losses occurred in southeastern and western sections,
SOUTHERN BEET WEBWORM (Pachyzancla bipunctalis) was moderate to heavy on early
spinach at Zellwood, FLORIDA, in November and December when it damaged new growth
buds.

SPINACH LEAF MINER (Pegomya hyoscyami) became abundant on sugar beets in Yakima
and Walla Walla Counties of WASHINGTON by late May; eggs were numerous in
August. In WYOMING, this fly was of concern to sugar beet growers throughout
the State. Damage to sugar beet leaves was not so severe as in 1963, and little,
if no, reduction resulted from larval feeding. Sugar beet plants averaged 42
percent infested in southeastern areas of Wyoming and 36 percent infested in
northern beet-growing areas. Damage to sugar beet foliage in UTAH was light to
moderate in 1964; the most serious damage in 20 years occurred in 1963. This
maggot caused light losses in southeastern sections of COLORADO and this species
and SUGAR-BEET ROOT MAGGOT (Tenanops myopaeformis) caused trace losses in north-
eastern sections. Spinach leaf miner was occasionally reported throughout
VIRGINIA.

STRIPED FLEA BEETLE (Phyllotreta striolata) was first recovered on June 16 in
Platte County, WYOMING, where it caused severe, localized damage to sugar beet
seedlings. The most heavily infested fields ranged 8-12 adults per plant. Other
fields in the southeastern area ranged 12-28 per 100 sweeps. Populations in
northern areas averaged 10 per 100 sweeps with little damage noted in all
instances. This flea beetle was more abundant in Wyoming than it was in 1963.
PALE-STRIPED FLEA BEETLE (Systena blanda) and Epitrix sp. were present on sugar
beets in COLORADO where they caused some losses. Infestations of FLEA BEETLES on
sugar beet seedlings were heavy for the second consecutive year in Pershing
County, NEVADA, but damage was insignificant due to control measures, Very

light damage occurred in Churchill County and none was reported in Washoe County.

Other pests of sugar beets included: TWO-SPOTTED SPIDER MITE (Tetranychus
telarius) in WASHINGTON where about 75 per leaf were noted in Grant County during
early October; populations declined 96 percent by late October. A FIELD CRICKET
(Gryllus sp.) was locally heavy in Imperial County, CALIFORNIA and GARDEN
SYMPHYLAN (Scutigerella immaculata) caused trace amounts of losses to sugar beets
in the northeastern part of COLORADO. An ACARID MITE (Tyrophagus dimidiatus)
occurred in spinach plantings in Orange County, CALIFORNIA.

ARTICHOKE, ESCAROLE AND LETTUCE INSECTS

Several noctuid moths were important on lettuce in ARIZONA. Heavy infestations

of BEET ARMYWORM (Spodoptera exigua) caused considerable damage to late winter
lettuce in Yuma and Maricopa Counties. Heavy control applications were necessary
to prevent serious damage. CABBAGE LOOPER (Trichoplusia ni) was medium to heavy
on lettuce and other truck crops. Controls were often ineffective; some parasitism
occurred in Yuma County. Light to moderate infestations of TOMATO FRUITWORM
(Heliothis zea) required light control efforts during October and November in
lettuce fields of Yuma and Maricopa Counties of Arizona. Beet armyworm was a
problem in Dona Ana County, NEW MEXICO, lettuce fields during August and September
but only spotty infestations of cabbage looper occurred in that county and in

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Valencia County. Insecticides kept losses on lettuce to a minimum in COLORADO.
Cabbage looper was light on lettuce and escarole at Sanford, Seminole County,
FLORIDA.

ARTICHOKE PLUME MOTH (Platyptilia carduidactyla) was quite severe on artichokes
in Santa Barbara, San Mateo and Humboldt Counties of CALIFORNIA.

GREEN PEACH APHID (Myzus persicae) spring infestations were troublesome on
lettuce in Yuma and Maricopa Counties, ARIZONA, during March and April. An
unspecified ROOT APHID was present on lettuce late in the season in COLORADO.
Green peach aphid required constant attention on greenhouse lettuce in OHIO.
Moderate numbers of Pemphigus bursarius caused moderate damage and heavy infesta—
tion of at least 2 unidentified aphid species caused heavy damage to lettuce in
Cape Elizabeth, Cumberland County, MAINE, in late August. Lady beetles in
appreciable numbers fed on the aphids.

SIX-SPOTTED LEAFHOPPER (Macrosteles fascifrons) caused some yellows on lettuce

in a few COLORADO fields. Adults of six-spotted leafhopper were noted dispersing
into lettuce fields of WISCONSIN in mid-June and some yellowing occurred that
month. Populations were generally high but occurrence of yellows was lower than
in 1963. This leafhopper was heavy on lettuce in Scarboro, Cumberland County,

MAINE, in early June. Other infestations in the State were moderate in size
and damage.

A SAP BEETLE (Conotelus mexicanus) caused considerable damage to lettuce heads
before they were fully formed in the Mesilla Valley of Dona Ana County, NEW
MEXICO. Control was difficult after the leaves began to form tight heads. A
WEEVIL (Brachyrhinus cribricollis) was quite severe in artichokes in Santa Barbara
County, CALIFORNIA. Unidentified SLUGS caused heavy damage to lettuce in Orono,
Penobscot County, MAINE, in mid-August. Only moderate populations were involved.

CUCURBIT INSECTS

PICKLEWORM (Diaphania nitidalis) was heavy on garden summer squash in FLORIDA
during April at Hastings. This pyraustid moth was much less abundant in Gaines-
ville than it was in the fall of 1963 when untreated plants were 40-60 percent
infested; only 5-15 percent were infested in the fall of 1964. In ALABAMA,
pickleworm and MELONWORM Q@. hyalinata) infestations occurred on cucurbits.

SQUASH VINE BORER (Melittia cucurbitae) infested cucurbits in ALABAMA and was
present but inconspicuous in RHODE ISLAND.

In FLORIDA, CABBAGE LOOPER (Trichoplusia ni) was the main problem on watermelon
rinds in the central area. GRANULATE CUTWORM (Feltia subterranea) was not

a problem in that area on watermelons and TOBACCO BUDWORM (Heliothis virescens)
numbers were greatly reduced on watermelons in central Florida,

STRIPED CUCUMBER BEETLE (Acalymma vittata) in moderate numbers caused moderate
damage in Androscoggin and Sagadahoc Counties of MAINE on cucumber and squash
in early June, Moderate numbers and damage were noted on cucumbers in Sanford,
York County, and Portland, Cumberland County, in mid-July. Striped cucumber
beetle was generally present in RHODE ISLAND but less conspicuous than in the
previous 2 years. In DELAWARE, adults caused considerable damage to many
cucurbits in southwestern Sussex County during May. Adults were lighter than
usual in MARYLAND on cucumbers, cantaloups and squash on the Eastern Shore;
there was some injury in Anne Arundel County. Unusually high infestations were
noted on cucurbits in ALABAMA, especially on commercial cucumbers in the north-
eastern section,

—- 267 -

Striped cucumber beetle adults began appearing about mid-May in WISCONSIN and
caused damage to a commercial- planting of squash in southern Dane County by
feeding on frost-damaged portions of the fruit which permitted entrance of
decay microorganisms. Striped cucumber beetle was reported feeding in truck
crops and in gardens of MISSOURI. This leaf beetle caused considerable damage
to cucumber and cantaloup plantings in the northeastern section of KANSAS,
During early June many cantaloup fields in the Arkansas Valley of COLORADO were
attacked. Populations varied greatly within fields, but as many as 6 adults
per plant could be found in many fields. Control measures were necessary.

SPOTTED CUCUMBER BEETLE (Diabrotica undecimpunctata howardi) injured a commercial
planting of squash in southern Dane County, WISCONSIN, by feeding on frost-
damaged fruit. This leaf beetle caused considerable damage to cucumber and
cantaloup plantings in northeastern KANSAS, One heavy infestation was all that
was reported in NEW YORK. Spotted cucumber beetle infestations occurred on
cucurbits in ALABAMA.

BLISTER BEETLES, mostly CLEMATIS BLISTER BEETLE (Epicauta cinera) and Epicauta
sp. were numer ous on melons in the northeastern section of KANSAS during late
July.

Adults of SQUASH BEETLE (Epilachna borealis) were noted in Peace Dale, Washington
County, RHODE ISLAND, June 23. Extremely high populations were reached in the
same field in September. This plant-feeding lady beetle is still not present
statewide in Rhode Island. Squash beetle adults ranged light to moderate on
watermelons in southeastern MISSOURI.

MELON APHID (Aphis gossypii) was common on cucurbitsin various parts of DELAWARE
during July and rather abundant on pumpkin and squash in late July and early
August in Sussex County. This aphid was considerably more abundant and wide-
spread than usual in MARYLAND, It heavily injured numerous watermelon, cucumber
and cantaloup plantingson the Maryland Eastern Shore during July and August.

APHIDS were present on watermelons in OKLAHOMA during the season. Spring infesta-
tions of GREEN PEACH APHID (Myzus persicae) occurred during March and April in
ARIZONA and were troublesome to melons in Yuma and Maricopa Counties. POTATO
APHID (Macrosiphum euphorbiae) infested melons locally in Fresno, Sacramento

and Siskiyou Counties of CALIFORNIA. Melon aphid infested melons in a few
counties also,

GREENHOUSE WHITEFLY (Trialeurodes vaporariorum) required constant attention on
greenhouse cucumbers in OHIO,

SQUASH BEETLE (Anasa tristis) populations were heavy enough for the first time
in several years to damage squash in some areas of LOUISIANA. This coreid bug
became active in early June in OKLAHOMA but numbers were low until early July.
Activity continued in Oklahoma until mid-August. Squash bug was a widespread
problem to watermelon and cantaloup producers over TEXAS. Heavy infestations
damaged, and in some instances, destroyed squash plants in truck gardens in
Quay, Valencia and Dona Ana Counties of NEW MEXICO. This bug caused the usual
damage in Washington County, UTAH. Infestations of squash bug were heavy in the
southern counties of NEVADA and in Churchill County. Squash bug infestations
occurred on cucurbits in ALABAMA, It was heavy on garden squash at several
locations on the Eastern Shore of MARYLAND. This species has been neither seen
nor reported in RHODE ISLAND for three consecutive years.

LEAF MINER FLIES (Liriomyza spp.) were heavy on squash in the Belle Glade area
of FLORIDA, Leaf miner flies seemed to be the principal insect pests of cucum-
bers at Immokalee, At Bradenton, L. munda and L, trifolii were severe on squash
and cucumbers. Leaf miner flies were among the insect pestsof importance on
watermelon in central Florida.

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Other pests of cucurbits included: An EARWIG (Euborellia cincticollis) which
caused considerable damage to cantaloups in Imperial County, CALIFORNIA; ONION
THRIPS (Thrips tabaci) which caused moderate damage to cucumbers and other crops
in OHIO in early summer; SPRINGTAILS which caused extensive damage to squash
seeds and seedlings in Providence County, RHODE ISLAND; and SPIDER MITES
(Tetranychus spp.) which heavily infested several watermelon fields in western
Wicomico County, MARYLAND.

CARROT AND CELERY INSECTS

CARROT RUST FLY (Psila rosae) was generally light in the western part of
WASHINGTON but TULIP BULB APHID (Anuraphis tulipae) was abundant on carrots in
Walla Walla County in late summer. In WISCONSIN, adults of SIX-SPOTTED LEAFHOPPER
(Macrosteles fascifrons) were noted dispersing into carrot fields in mid-June.
Populations were generally high but occurrence of yellows was lower than in 1963
in Wisconsin, Local infestations of carrot rust fly occurred on carrots in
Humboldt County, CALIFORNIA; this fly is not known to occur in other parts of

the State. A WEEVIL (Hyperodes texana) caused heavy damage to carrots in the

Rio Grande Valley and in Bexar County, TEXAS.

Adults and nymphs of A CELERY APHID (Aphis heraclella) caused major injury to a field
of celery in Allegan County, MICHIGAN, in late August; this was the first record
of this aphid in the State. A PYRAUSTID MOTH (Udea profundalis) was a problem

on celery locally in Santa Cruz County, CALIFORNIA, in October.

SWEETPOTATO INSECTS

SOUTHERN POTATO WIREWORM (Conoderus falli) and TOBACCO WIREWORM (C. vespertinus)
appeared to cause normal amounts of damage to sweetpotatoes observed at the Tabor
City auction in NORTH CAROLINA. Some feeding holes were observed but they were
not numerous enough to detract from the appearance of the sweetpotatoes. A
WIREWORM (Melanotus communis) was apparently responsible for severe damage to
sweetpotatoes in a small field near Warsaw, Duplin County, and to 50 percent of a
10-acre field in the Benson-Newton Grove area of Johnstonand Sampson Counties.
Only a few larvae were collected in each of these North Carolina fields, but most
of the damage was old at time of examination in mid-September and October.
WIREWORMS were pests of sweetpotatoes in ALABAMA. Tobacco wireworm adult flights
were heavy around sweetpotato fields in the middle and south sections of GEORGIA.
Tobacco wireworm adults were taken on sticky board traps in sweetpotato fields

of LOUISIANA and larvae were recovered in soil samples. C. falli and C, bellus
were also taken on sticky boards but no larvae were recovered. =

BANDED CUCUMBER BEETLE (Diabrotica balteata) was lighter on sweetpotatoes in
LOUISIANA than in any year since 1958. Populations were zero early in the season
and ranged up to more than 10 per 100 sweeps in a few fields in late July.

Larval injury to roots was correspondingly light. No satisfactory explanation is
available to account for the precipitous decline of this pest in Louisiana.

PALE-STRIPED FLEA BEETLE (Systena blanda) was responsible for some injury to sweet-
potato roots in a few LOUISIANA fields. FLEA BEETLES were important pests of
sweetpotatoes in ALABAMA, SWEETPOTATO FLEA BEETLE (Chaetocnema confinis) was

more numerous on sweetpotatoes in VIRGINIA than it had been for several years.
Adults of this flea beetle were again destructive to foliage of newly transplanted
sweetpotatoes on the lower Eastern Shore of MARYLAND. Larvae of this species were
suspected of causing considerable amount of surface injury to sweetpotato roots.
Populations ranged from zero to light in most fields on the Eastern Shore with a
few counts as high as 500 per 100 sweeps. Root damage in Maryland appeared to be
confined to early April plantings.

- 269 -

GOLDEN TORTOISE BEETLE (Metriona bicolor) numbers were about normal on sweet-
potatoes in VIRGINIA. Golden tortoise beetle, Agroiconota bivittata and MOTTLED
TORTOISE BEETLE (Deloyala guttata) were the tortoise beetle pests of sweetpotatoes
in ALABAMA. SWEETPOTATO WEEVIL (Cylas formicarius elegantulus) infestations were
light in LOUISIANA during 1964, probably as the result of more effective treat-
ments of the mother beds. This weevil continues to be a problem in some of the
coastal counties of ALABAMA. In FLORIDA, sweetpotato weevil was probably more
damaging than in previous years on the Boniato variety of sweetpotato.

BLACK CUTWORM (Agrotis ipsilon) caused moderate damage to sweetpotato roots
locally in Wicomico County, MARYLAND. Unspecified CUTWORMS were pests of sweet-
potatoes in ALABAMA but LEAFHOPPERS were the most important pests of that crop
in the State.

STRAWBERRY INSECTS

STRAWBERRY CROWN BORER (Tyloderma fragariae) infestations in MAINE were moderate
and caused moderate damage to newly set strawberry plants in Monmouth area,
Kennebec County. This weevil was found in a new strawberry planting in the
central section of MINNESOTA. Investigation showed that a weed (Potentilla sp.)
related to strawberry was probably the original host in that location.

STRAWBERRY WEEVIL (Anthomomus signatus) was an important strawberry pest in NEW
YORK but it seemed to be well controlled, Adults of this weevil caused noticeable
Injury in several strawberry fields in MARYLAND in Prince Georges and Wicomico
Counties. A WEEVIL (Sciopithes obscurus) damaged strawberries in southwestern
WASHINGTON.

A LEAF BEETLE (possibly Galerucella nymphaeae) caused considerable defoliation of
strawberries in the Sand Lake area near the airport at Anchorage, ALASKA. This
leaf beetle was also very destructive at the experiment station at College,
Alaska.

STRAWBERRY LEAF ROLLER (Ancylis comptana fragariae) adults were flying during good
weather periods of early May in Whitman County, WASHINGTON. In CALIFORNIA, a

LEAF ROLLER MOTH (Ptycholoma peritana) was a pest of strawberries in Santa Barbara
and Fresno Counties. WESTERN TUSSOCK MOTH (Hemerocampa vetusta) damaged straw-
berries in southern Washoe County, NEVADA, in June. Strawberry leaf roller
damaged strawberry plants in Thayer County, NEBRASKA, and moderately damaged one
strawberry planting at Wichita, KANSAS. A few light infestations of strawberry
leaf roller were reported in north central and southeastern MISSOURI.

Several incidences of STALK BORER (Papaipema nebris) and strawberry leaf roller
were detected on strawberries in VIRGINIA.

STRAWBERRY APHID (Pentatrichopus fragaefolii) infestations were heavy in Clark
County, WASHINGTON, in early summer. This aphid was medium on strawberries in
Orange County, CALIFORNIA, in November. Pentatrichopus sp. and other species
were generally light on strawberries in all sections of MARYLAND during the
season,

MEADOW SPITTLEBUG (Philaenus spumarius) was common on strawberries on the coastal
areas of ALASKA in the southeastern section as usual. This spittlebug has been
introduced into the Matanuska Valley near Anchorage but it appears unable to
survive the winters. Meadow spittlebug ranged moderate to heavy on unsprayed
strawberries in Clark County, WASHINGTON, by early summer. Concentrations were
noted in strawberry plantings in Kingston, Washington County, RHODE ISLAND, in
June, An unspecified SPITTLEBUG was an important pest of strawberries in NEW
YORK, but it seemed to be well controlled. The total damage it caused was esti-
mated to be less than in 1962 or 1963.

=) 210 5—

TARNISHED PLANT BUG (Lygus lineolaris) was numerous and caused moderate damage to
strawberry plantings in Wathena, Doniphan County, KANSAS; more deformed fruit was
noted than in several past years. Tarnished plant bug was also important in NEW
YORK but it was well controlled on strawberries. An undetermined LYGAEID BUG
infested 100 percent of the strawberry plants in an experimental planting in
FLORIDA.

GARDEN SYMPHYLAN (Scutigerella immaculata) was very destructive to strawberries
in southwestern WASHINGTON. This situation was probably encouraged by the cool,
wet season. SLUGS injured strawberries during the cool, wet season in Washington
also. Slugs caused considerable damage in an irrigated strawberry planting near
Topeka, Shawnee County, KANSAS. These slugs fed on the ripening fruit and left
slime on the fruit.

TWO-SPOTTED SPIDER MITE (Tetranychus telarius) was found in a number of straw-
berry plantings in the Anchorage area and in the Matanuska Valley of ALASKA.
CYCLAMEN MITE (Steneotarsonemus pallidus) was a problem on strawberries in
Watsonville, Santa Cruz County, CALIFORNIA. This tarsonemid mite was also
troublesome in some areas of MINNESOTA where some resistance to some acaricides
was evident. Two-spotted spider mite was a problem in strawberry patches in
ILLINOIS in 1964, Controls were necessary and generally successful in Illinois.
Two-spotted spider mite was extremely troublesome from early summer to frost in
MISSOURI; it caused severe damage to strawberries. Unspecified SPIDER MITES
were heavy on strawberries in Jefferson County, TEXAS.

Two-spotted spider mite was a strawberry pest at Immokalee, FLORIDA, and unspeci-
fied MITES were damagingly present as usual at Homestead, Tetranychus spp. were
troublesome on strawberry plantings in Hartford, Prince Georges and Wicomico
Counties of MARYLAND. Cyclamen mite was damaging over a widely scattered area

of VERMONT on strawberries. This mite was reported on strawberries in MAINE in
Franklin County.

FLOWER THRIPS (Frankliniella tritici) was abundant on strawberries in ILLINOIS
and damaged as much as 15 percent of the fruit in some fields.

BRAMBLE INSECTS

In RHODE ISLAND, adults of RED-NECKED CANE BORER (Agrilus ruficollis) were moderate
and adults of STRAWBERRY WEEVIL (Anthonomus signatus) were common on raspberries

in Washington County. The former caused little damage and no complaints from
growers, EASTERN RASPBERRY FRUITWORM (Byturus rubi) was very uncommon in plantings
where it had been abundant in 1963. Such fluctuations in Rhode Island have been
noted previously. In MAINE, moderate infestations of red-necked cane borer caused
moderate to heavy damage to raspberries in Farmington and vicinity in midsummer.
Heavy numbers of ROSE CHAFER (Macrodactylus subspinosus) caused severe damage to
raspberries in Kennebunkport, Maine, in mid-June,

WESTERN RASPBERRY FRUITWORM (Byturus bakeri) was damaging to raspberries and
Loganberries in southwestern WASHINGTON during late summer, A LEAF BEETLE
(possibly Galerucella nymphaeae) was found feeding on raspberries in a commercial
nursery near the airport at Anchorage, ALASKA.

RASPBERRY CROWN BORER (Bembecia marginata) heavily damaged blackberries in Clark
County, WASHINGTON, in midsummer. Damage to foliage of raspberries caused by
OBLIQUE-BANDED LEAF ROLLER (Archips rosaceanus) was observed in southwestern
NORTH DAKOTA, Raspberry crown borer was one of the most serious pests of rasp-
berries in MICHIGAN. First adults of the season in Missaukee County were observed
August 18. "A considerable flight of adults occurred in Berrien County research
plots in late August and early September. Eggs in that part of Michigan did not

= 20, =

hatch until late September, RED-HUMPED CATERPILLAR (Schizura concinna) larvae
attacked raspberries in East Greenwich, Kent County, RHODE ISLAND, in early
August.

TARNISHED PLANT BUG (Lygus lineolaris) was found on raspberries in all areas of
VERMONT.

MISCELLANEOUS GARDEN AND TRUCK CROP INSECTS

STALK BORER (Papaipema nebris) was less conspicuous in RHODE ISLAND gardens than
in 1963. CABBAGE LOOPER (Trichoplusia ni) averaged slightly higher than usual

in MASSACHUSETTS but it was more difficult to control. This noctuid moth was
quite serious in PENNSYLVANIA where there was no completely effective control.
This pest was very numerous on tomatoes in Sussex County, DELAWARE, during late
August and early September. Cabbage looper and TOMATO FRUITWORM (Heliothis zea)
were occasionally reported throughout VIRGINIA. Cabbage looper ranged light to
moderate in GEORGIA. There was an average infestation of H. zea on sweet corn at
Zellwood, FLORIDA, during the spring. At Gainesville, infestations on untreated
sweet corn ranged 91.5 percent on June 12 to 88 percent on July 10 in a different
field. FALL ARMYWORM (Spodoptera frugiperda) was severe in the fall in Palm
Beach County on sweet corn. It became less abundant as winter approached in

that part of Florida.

Tomato fruitworm was a problem on fall grown okra in ARKANSAS but infestations of
cabbage looper were normal in that State except for high populations in green
crops later in the season. Disease was important in reducing infestations in
Arkansas. CUTWORMS caused considerable damage to gardens in some areas of
OKLAHOMA during March; tomato fruitworm was also present in the State. Tomato
fruitworm was generally present on commercial and home vegetables over TEXAS and
TOBACCO BUDWORM (Heliothis virescens) was reported in sesame in Brazos County.

GARDEN WEBWORM (Loxostege similalis) and cutworms were reported feeding on truck
crops and in gardens in MISSOURI. Cabbage looper was abundant in many fields in
OHIO; control measures were inadequate. Various cutworms caused greater than
usual injury during late May continuing through mid-June in MICHIGAN on field and
vegetable crops. A light but extremely early flight of cabbage looper adults
occurred in southwest Michigan in July. The first general flight of adults from
southern areas, as evidenced by blacklight trap collections, took place in early
August. High larval populations were widespread in August and September in
Michigan, Cutworms caused some concern to home gardeners statewide in NORTH
DAKOTA,

BEET ARMYWORM (Spodoptera exigua) was widespread on many truck crops in CALIFORNIA
and cabbage looper was statewide and persisted until winter. BLACK CUTWORM
(Agrotis ipsilon) was particularly troublesome in Orange, San Luis Obispo, Butte
and San Diego Counties of California. The first tomato fruitworm adults in
WASHINGTON were trapped June 12 in the lower Yakima Valley and on June 4 in Grant
County. Larvae became unusually abundant by mid-August. Populations were heavier
than in the previous 3 years in Washington,

Cutworms, primarily RED-BACKED CUTWORM (Euxoa ochrogaster), were very destructive
to vegetable crops in ALASKA for the first time in about 5 years. These cutworms
were generally destributed about the Matanuska Valley and in the Cook Inlet area,
Other species were found in much lower numbers. Blacklight traps do not attract
many of the economic species in Alaska, Evidently most of the flight period
occurs during the period of maximum daylight, since many other species are
collected in large numbers up until mid-May and again after mid-July.

= 272 -

VEGETABLE WEEVIL (Listroderes costirostris obliquus) was locally heavy in vege-
table plantings in Stanislaus County, a LEAF BEETLE (Gastrophysa cyanea) was
locally damaging to rhubarb in Sonoma County and another LEAF BEETLE (Diabrotica
sp.) was a pest statewide in CALIFORNIA. New adults of a WEEVIL (Nemocestes
incomptus) began emerging in late October in WASHINGTON and insecticide treat-—
ments applied at that time appeared promising; earlier treatments with some
insecticides did not prove effective.

POTATO FLEA BEETLE (Epitrix cucumeris) numbers were relatively light in NORTH
DAKOTA. Large numbers of SEED-CORN BEETLE (Agonoderus lecontei) were found
around lights at night in Cheyenne County, NEBRASKA, in July. BLISTER BEETLES,
FLEA BEETLES and SPOTTED CUCUMBER BEETLE (Diabrotica undecimpunctata howardi)
were reported feeding on truck crops and in gardens in MISSOURI. Several species
of blister beetles damaged gardens in many areas of OKLAHOMA from mid-July until
mid-September.

RHUBARB CURCULIO (Lixus concavus) feeding scars were found on rhubarb petioles
in Auburn, Androscoggin County, MAINE, but the damage was light; no adults were
in evidence in mid-June. Potato flea beetle was generally present in RHODE
ISLAND, but probably less heavy in well-sprayed fields than it was in 1963.
Rhubarb curculio was occasionally reported throughout VIRGINIA. Unspecified
WIREWORMS were reported decimating portions of some sweet corn stands in the
Homestead area of FLORIDA in January. Five larvae were found under one wilting
corn plant about 4 inches high.

APHIDS were generally low in numbers on most vegetables in ALASKA. MELON APHID
(Aphis gossypii) was heavier than normal and required repeated controls in truck
crops in Yuma and Maricopa Counties, ARIZONA; peak populations were reached during
March and April. Several species of aphids were generally present on commercial
and home vegetables over TEXAS. Reports of injury by GREEN PEACH APHID (Myzus
persicae) were relatively few in MICHIGAN. Green peach aphid was occasionally
reported throughout VIRGINIA in 1964.

SIX-SPOTTED LEAFHOPPER (Macrosteles fascifrons) adults were collected during the
week ending May 29 in Allegan, Livingston and Monroe Counties of MICHIGAN.
Symptoms of yellows on susceptible plants were first observed June 11 in Living-
ston County. Commercial problems caused by this disease were very low in
Michigan. This leafhopper migrated from southern areas in large numbers in
MINNESOTA and vegetable growers applied control measures to avoid yellows. Migra-
tion occurred the first week of May; populations increased in May and remained
high throughout the season. Yellows disease was present in truck crops and flax
but at a low level in Minnesota. POTATO LEAFHOPPER (Empoasca fabae) numbers were
relatively light in NORTH DAKOTA, LEAFHOPPERS required control on many truck
crops in CALIFORNIA and BEET LEAFHOPPER (Circulifer tenellus) required some con-
trol by growers in Riverside, Los Angeles and Kern Counties in addition to the
State control programs. Leafhoppers were generally low on most vegetable crops
in ALASKA.

PLANT BUGS were present on vegetables in OKLAHOMA and TARNISHED PLANT BUG (Lygus
lineolaris) was present on many vegetables in DELAWARE during June and July.
GARDEN FLEAHOPPER (Halticus bracteatus) was reported feeding on truck crops and
in gardens in MISSOURI.

A LEAF MINER FLY (Agromyza sp.) was present in almost all vegetable-growing areas
of CALIFORNIA. In PENNSYLVANIA, several species of ROOT MAGGOTS continued to
show coftisiderable resistance to most chemicals and became a definite problem.

GRASSHOPPER infestations were heavy on vegetables in Hastings area of Dakota and
Washington Counties, MINNESOTA, and controls were required at Rochester, Olmsted
County. Grasshoppers were feeding on truck crops of MISSOURI and OKLAHOMA. A
FIELD CRICKET (Gryllus sp.) was locally heavy in some truck crops of Imperial
County, CALIFORNIA,

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“Aad 2, 1965

dsr CONTROL DIVISION
“AGRICULTURAL RE resent SERVICE

ei

AGRICULTURAL RESEARCH SERVICE

PLANT PEST CONTROL DIVISION

SURVEY AND DETECTION OPERATIONS

The Cooperative Economic Insect Report is issued
~ weekly as a service to American Agriculture. Its contents
are compiled from information supplied by cooperating State,
Federal, and industrial entomologists and other agricultural
workers. In releasing this material the Division serves as
a clearing house and doesnot assume responsibility for ac-
curacy of the material.

All correspondence pertaining to additions, dele-
tions and changes of addresses for the mailing
list for this report should be sent to:

Service Operations Division
‘Office of Plant and Operations
United States Department of Agriculture
Washington, D. C. 20250

Reports and inquiries pertaining to this release
should be mailed to:

Survey and Detection Operations
Plant Pest Control Division
Agricultural Research Service
United States Department of Agriculture
Federal Center Building
Hyattsville, Maryland 20781

Volume 15 April 2, 1965 Number 14

COOPERATIVE ECONOMIC INSECT REPORT
HIGHLIGHTS

CORN LEAF APHID scattered and heavy on grain in areas of Arizona and damaging
barley in Washington County, Utah; ranged 0-200 per linear foot in oats in
Pontotoc County, Oklahoma. DESERT CORN FLEA BEETLE required some controls on
sorghums and sweet corn in Yuma County, Arizona. BROWN WHEAT MITE counts rather
high in areas of Oklahoma, with large numbers of winter eggs noted in Ellis
County. WINTER GRAIN MITE damaging small grains in areas of Texas. (p. 275).
PEA APHID heavy on alfalfa in Arizona and Nevada, and active in isolated areas
of Oklahoma. (pp. 275-276). Heavy ALFALFA WEEVIL damage expected in Piedmont
area of North Carolina if controls not applied: adults active in Delaware and
some activity noted in Colorado. A WEEVIL (Hypera brunneipennis) continues to
damage alfalfa in Arizona. (p. 276).

APPLE APHID eggs heavy on apple in Montgomery County, Maryland; eggs of GREEN
PEACH APHID present in high numbers on peaches in all orchards checked in Mesa
County, Colorado; and SAN JOSE SCALE damaging apple orchard in Weber County, Utah.
(pp. 276-277). MELON APHID increasing rapidly on lettuce and cantaloup in areas
of Arizona, with controls necessary in many fields. (p. 277).

SOUTHERN PINE BEETLE heavy and killing considerable number of loblolly pines in
forested section of Somerset and Worcester Counties, Maryland. PINE NEEDLE SCALE
heavy on ornamental pines in areas of Wisconsin. Overwintered eggs of EASTERN
TENT CATERPILLAR hatched in southern Alabama; small tents noted in crotches of
limbs. (p. 279).

CATTLE LICE heavy and troublesome on cattle in several States; controls urged in
Piedmont area of South Carolina. (p. 281).

DETECTION

New county records reported in California include: WALNUT SCALE (Aspidiotus
juglansregiae) in Glenn County (p. 277); an ERIOPHYID MITE (Eriophyes insidiosus)
in Tulare, Kern and Fresno Counties (p. 277); two APHIDS, Myzocallis arundinariae
in Riverside County and Neophyllaphis podocarpi in Contra Costa County (p. 279);
and a MEALYBUG (Phenacoccus. nonarius) in Imperial County (p. 280). Other new
county records reported were: WHITE-FRINGED BEETLES (Graphognathus spp.) in
Alexander County, North Carolina, (p. 282); IMPORTED FIRE ANT (Solenopsis saevissima
richteri) from Wakulla, Bradford and Sumter Counties, Florida; Brooks, Evans and
Tattnall Counties, Georgia; Hampton County, South Carolina; and Claiborne County,
Mississippi, (p. 282).

SPECIAL REPORTS

Beet Leafhopper Survey, Texas and New Mexico - 1965. (p. 278). Population counts
in Texas same as in 1964, but counts lower in New Mexico than last year.

Status of the Screw-worm in the Southwest. (p. 280). No eases have been
reported in Southwestern Eradication Area since January 29,

Estimated Losses and Production Costs Attributed to Insects and Related Arthropods
Attacking Corn, Soybeans, Tobacco and Cotton in South Carolina, and Alfalfa (seed
and hay) in Arizona in 1964. (pp. 284-286).

Summary of Insect Conditions in the United States - 1964

Tobacco Insects. (p. 287).
Cotton Insects. (p. 289).

Reports in this issue are for week ending March 26, unless otherwise indicated.

- 274 -
WEATHER OF THE WEEK ENDING MARCH 29

Another cool or cold week brought snow to north central areas, thunder storms to
the South, and heavy precipitation to parts of the Southeast. For a large portion
of the Nation, the weather patterns were very similar to those for the previous
week. Spring was further delayed and winter prolonged in many areas.

TEMPERATURE: From the Continental Divide to the Great Lakes and southward to
northern Texas, average temperatures were from 10° to 30° below normal for the
second consecutive week. Over parts of the central Plains temperatures have
averaged below normal during each week since late January. Temperature departures
last week ranged from -30° over central Montana to + 7° in Key West, Florida.
Areas with above normal temperatures last week included southwestern Nevada,

parts of California, Arizona and New Mexico, the southern Appalachians and other
parts of the Southeast.

PRECIPITATION: Heavy rains totaling up to 4 inches fell over a large area from
eastern Arkansas to the North Carolina mountains. This same general area received
about 2 inches during the previous week. Light rains in Washington and Oregon
ended a dry spell that began about March 1. Costal Oregon received from 0.5 to
1.5 inches. Precipitation in most other western areas was light and conditions
continued to be dry from southeast New Mexico to extreme southwest Kansas.

SNOW: Snow blanketed a large area from the northern and central Great Plains to
New England. Snow depths from 1 to 4 feet extend from the Red River of the North
to Lake Huron. While such a heavy snow cover at this time of year is a potential
flood threat, the actual rate of melting and flooding will depend on temperatures
and other weather conditions during the next 1 to 3 weeks. During last week,
snow, sleet, and freezing rain iced roads and slowed travel from the central
Plains to southern New England.

WINTER PROLONGED: With preliminary data now in for the first 28 days of March,
we find that average temperatures ranged from near normal to extremely cold over
the contiguous States. Only the Pacific coast, the Florida Peninsula and the
New England area have been near or slightly above normal in temperature. Spring
is very late in Texas, Louisiana and Mississippi, but moderately late in Georgia
and the Carolinas and in the Southwest. Most areas to the north are still in
the grip of winter. With March nearly ended, it is already certain that record
or near record cold weather has been affecting the Great Plains region for the
past several weeks. Preliminary figures for 28 days show that eastern Montana
will probably have the coldest March in at least 50 years. The four-week tempera—
ture departures are approximately -17° at Havre, Montana, -13° at Miles City and
-12° at Billings. The most recent March with comparable cold in that area was
1951 when average temperatures were within 2° to 3° of those for the current
month, Temperature departures of -10° to -14° for 28 days are also found in
Wyoming, North and South Dakota, Nebraska, eastern Colorado and parts of Minnesota,
Iowa, Missouri and Kansas. While average temperatures in the lower Missouri
Valley were about 10° below normal for 28 days, it was still colder than this in
1960. In Missouri, this March will apparently be the second coldest in at least
50 years but it was 2° to 3° colder in the record cold March of 1960. Oklahoma
has similar conditions with a colder March in 1960 but no other March as cold
for some 50 years. (Summary supplied by U.S. Weather Bureau).

- 275 -

CEREAL AND FORAGE INSECTS

GREENBUG (Schizaphis graminum) - OKLAHOMA - Ranged 10-30 per linear foot in wheat
in Tillman, Comanche and Cotton Counties. Ranged 0-5 per linear foot in wheat in
Garvin, Pontotoc, Muskogee, Harmon and Washita Counties. (Okla. Coop. Sur.).
ARKANSAS - Counts remain low in northwest; 5-10 per row foot. (Ark. Ins. Sur.).

CORN LEAF APHID (Rhopalosiphum maidis) - UTAH - Damaging barley in St. George-
Santa Clara area of Washington County. (Knowlton). ARIZONA - Scattered, heavy
infestations found in some grain fields in Yuma County and in areas of Pinal and
Maricopa Counties. (Ariz. Coop. Sur.). OKLAHOMA - Ranged 0-200 per linear foot
in several fields of oats checked in Pontotoc County. Light (1-3 per linear foot)
in few fields of wheat checked in Harmon and Washita Counties, (Okla. Coop. Sur.).

APPLE GRAIN APHID (Rhopalosiphum fitchii) - OKLAHOMA - Ranged 0-150 per linear
foot in wheat checked in Cotton and Tillman Counties; infestations very spotty.
Counts as high as 1,000 per linear foot in one Cotton County field. Ranged 0-15
per linear foot in wheat checked in Garvin, Pontotoc, Harmon, Comanche, Muskogee
and Washita Counties. (Okla. Coop. Sur.).

ENGLISH GRAIN APHID (Macrosiphum avenae) - ARIZONA - Light numbers appearing in
grain fields on Yuma Mesa and in Wellton area of Yuma County. (Ariz. Coop. Sur.).
OKLAHOMA - Light to absent in wheat in most areas checked; light in oats in
Pontotoc County. (Okla. Coop. Sur.)

DESERT CORN FLEA BEETLE (Chaetocnema ectypa) - ARIZONA - Medium to heavy in fields
of sorghums and sweet corn in Yuma County. Some controls necessary. (Ariz. Coop.
Sur.).

SOUTHWESTERN CORN BORER (Zeadiatraea grandiosella) - OKLAHOMA - Live larvae found
in 50 percent of dry cornstalks checked in field in Okmulgee County, east central.
(Okla. Coop. Sur.).

BROWN WHEAT MITE (Petrobia latens) - OKLAHOMA - Averaged 300 per linear foot in
wheat in Ellis County, northwest; large numbers of winter eggs noted. Ranged
50-500 per linear foot in isolated areas of Cotton, Comanche and Tillman Counties.
Light numbers (2-3 per linear foot) noted in Harmon County. (Okla. Coop. Sur.).
UTAH — Noted on barley in St. George-Santa Clara area of Washington County.
(Knowlton) .

WINTER GRAIN MITE (Penthaleus major) - TEXAS - Heavy, local populations damaging
small grains in Concho County (Menzies) and in Throckmorton County (Rummel).
OKLAHOMA - Light numbers noted on wheat in Washita County. (Okla. Coop. Sur.).

VEGETABLE WEEVIL (Listroderes costirostris obliquus) - CALIFORNIA - Medium on
lawns locally in Patterson, Stanislaus County. (Cal. Coop. Rpt.).

WHITE GRUBS - TEXAS - Heavy, local infestations reported in clover and native
pastures in Lee County. (Spivey).

A MARCH FLY (Dilophus orbatus) - CALIFORNIA - Adults heavy in lawns in Fullerton,
Orange County. (Cal. Coop. Rpt.).

WESTERN HARVESTER ANT (Pogonomyrmex occidentalis) - UTAH - Some activity on range-
lands noted in Box Elder County. (Knowlton) .

PEA APHID (Acyrthosiphon pisum) - NEVADA - Heavy in all alfalfa checked in Moapa
Valley, Clark County. (Zoller). Present on alfalfa in Churchill County. (York).
ARIZONA - Remains heavy on alfalfa in Yuma, Maricopa and Pinal Counties, Few
fields of second crops show damage to new growth. (Ariz. Coop. Sur.). NEW MEXICO-
Most infestations very light in alfalfa checked in Bernalillo and Socorro Counties.
(N.M. Coop. Rpt.). OKLAHOMA - Active in isolated areas throughout State. Most

- 276 -

counts low, but as many as 100 per sweep noted in one field in Garvin County,
south central. Averaged 4 per square foot in vetch in Choctaw County, southeast.
(Okla. Coop. Sur.). ARKANSAS - Numbers low in forage in northwest; actually
declined slightly. (Ark. Ins. Sur.).

SPOTTED ALFALFA APHID (Therioaphis maculata) - OKLAHOMA - Light numbers active
in alfalfa in Choctaw County, southeast. (Okla. Coop. Sur.).

LYGUS BUGS (Lygus spp.) - ARIZONA - Populations continue light in alfalfa in
Yuma County and in central part of State. (Ariz. Coop. Sur.).

ALFALFA WEEVIL (Hypera postica) - DELAWARE - Few adults active in alfalfa in

New Castle County, young larvae rather scarce in area. (Burbutis). NORTH

CAROLINA - Heavy damage to alfalfa in Piedmont area expected with advent of

warmer temperatures if treatments not applied. Many larvae present as result of
eggs hatching during warm fall period and during warm period of February 10-15.

It is estimated that 50-75 percent of fall laid eggs have hatched. Larvae now
present primarily in second stage. (Campbell). SOUTH CAROLINA - Unseasonably

cool weather delaying controls; also delaying damage to alfalfa somewhat. Apparent
lack of successful controls due to cool weather in York County. Infestation by
this weevil being constantly checked in area. (Nettles et al., Mar. 23).

COLORADO - Becoming active on alfalfa in Mesa County with advent of warmer tempera—
tures. Early season dormant controls should be applied before growth starts or
exceeds 2 inches. (Bulla).

A WEEVIL (Hypera brunneipennis) - ARIZONA - Heavy populations continue to damage
alfalfa in Yuma, Maricopa and Pinal Counties, particularly first crop. Lighter
numbers found on second cutting of alfalfa. (Ariz. Coop. Sur.).

CLOVER LEAF WEEVIL (Hypera punctata) - UTAH - Occasional adult noted at Logan,
Cache County. (Knowlton).

BEAN LEAF BEETLE (Cerotoma trifurcata) - ALABAMA - Recent examinations of surface
trash near soybean and cotton fields in Morgan County revealed rather high
numbers of adults of this species and an occasional Epilachna varivestis (Mexican
bean beetle). Emergence from hibernation should occur soon where first food is
usually beans and peas in home gardens, (McQueen) .

ALFALFA CATERPILLAR (Colias eurytheme) - ALABAMA - Adults plentiful and laying
eggs in clover in central area. (Granberry et al.).

TWO-SPOTTED SPIDER MITE (Tetranychus telarius) - ARIZONA - Heavy on patches of
field bindweed in fields in areas of Yuma County. Heavy infestations found in
scattered areas of fields of alfalfa near Buckeye, Maricopa County. (Ariz. Coop.
Sur.).

FRUIT INSECTS

APPLE APHID (Aphis pomi) - MARYLAND - Heavy egg numbers noted on apples; hatching
underway at Fairland, Montgomery County, March 25. (U. Md., Ent. Dept.).

GREEN PEACH APHID (Myzus persicae) - COLORADO - Egg survey complete on peaches in
Mesa County; numbers high in all orchards where counts made. Ranged 50-150 eggs
per 100 fruit buds. Approximately 25 percent of eggs hatched. Dormant sprays
urged when weather is favorable. (Bulla). ARIZONA - Light on citrus in Yuma
County; infestations appear general over much of the citrus-—producing areas.
(Ariz. Coop. Sur.).

WOOLLY APPLE APHID (Eriosoma lanigerum) - ALABAMA - Extremely heavy infestation
on apple tree in Tuscaloosa County; feeding in scarred bark areas above ground.
(Holstun, Granberry, et al.).

- 277 -

SAN JOSE SCALE (Aspidiotus perniciosus) - UTAH - Damaging apple orchard south of
Slaterville, Weber County. (Knowlton).

OLIVE SCALE (Parlatoria oleae) - CALIFORNIA - Heavy on pear trees in Princeton,
Colusa County, and medium on peach in Oroville, Butte County. Heavy on almond
trees in Bakersfield, Kern County. (Cal. Coop. Rpt.).

WALNUT SCALE (Aspidiotus juglansregiae) - CALIFORNIA - Heavy on English walnut
trees in Glenn County. This is a new county record. (Cal. Coop. Rpt.).

ITALIAN PEAR SCALE (Epidiaspis piricola) - CALIFORNIA - Heavy on English walnuts
locally in San Jose, Santa Clara County. (Cal. Coop. Rpt.).

AN ARMORED SCALE (Aspidiotus lataniae) - FLORIDA - Adults ranged 1-2 per twig on
pecan at Monticello, Jefferson County. (Phillips, Mar. 18).

CALIFORNIA RED SCALE (Aonidiella aurantii) - CALIFORNIA - Heavy on lemon in Grimes,
Colusa County. (Cal. Coop. Rpt.).

CITRUS THRIPS (Scirtothrips citri) - ARIZONA - Continues light on citrus in Yuma
and Maricopa Counties; preventive control methods underway in many areas, (Ariz.
Coop. Sur.).

EUROPEAN RED MITE (Panonychus ulmi) - MARYLAND - Eggs common on apple trees at
Fairland, Montgomery County, March 25, (U. Md., Ent. Dept.).

AN ERIOPHYID MITE (Eriophyes insidiosus) - CALIFORNIA - Survey for this vector of
peach mosaic in San Joaquin Valley revealed infestations on flowering peach trees
in Tulare, Kern and Fresno Counties. This is the first occurrence of this mite
north of the Tehachapi Mountains. (Thompson). These are new county records. (PPC).

TRUCK CROP INSECTS

VEGETABLE WEEVIL (Listroderes costirostris obliquus) - CALIFORNIA - Pupae heavy
on leaves of beets and turnips and in soil in El Cajon, San Diego County. (Cal.
Coop. Rpt.).

CABBAGE LOOPER (Trichoplusia ni) - ARIZONA - New generation found in lettuce and
cantaloup fields in Yuma County; remains light on vegetables in Maricopa County.
(Ariz. Coop. Sur.).

IMPORTED CABBAGEWORM (Pieris rapae) - ALABAMA - Adults quite plentiful in Tusca-—
loosa, Dallas, Autauga, Elmore, Macon and Lee Counties; egg laying noted in home
gardens. (Granberry et al.).

CUTWORMS - OKLAHOMA - Unspecified species damaging young onion plants throughout
Washita County. (Okla. Coop. Sur.).

MELON APHID (Aphis gossypii) - ARIZONA - Increasing rapidly in lettuce and canta-—
loup fields in Yuma and Maricopa Counties. Controls necessary in many fields,
(Ariz. Coop. Sur.).

POPLAR PETIOLE GALL APHID (Pemphigus populitransversus) - TEXAS - Locally heavy
on turnip roots in Brazoria County. Teetes).

GREEN PEACH APHID (Myzus persicae) - TEXAS - Aphids, probably this species, locally
heavy on spinach in Brazoria County. (Teetes).

Sticky Board Traps in Yuma County, Arizona - Comparison of average populations of

1964 with 1965: Aphis gossypii (melon aphid) 22.5 in 1964 and 30.1 in 1965; Myzus

persicae (green peach aphid) 4.0 in 1964 and 9.08 in 1965; Circulifer tenellus
(beet leafhopper) 1.09 in 1964 and 1.08 in 1965. (Ariz. Coop. Sur.).

- 278 -

THRIPS - ARIZONA - Frankliniella spp. moderate and causing some damage to lettuce
crop in Yuma and Maricopa Counties. (Ariz. Coop. Sur.). NEVADA - Thrips tabaci
(onion thrips) heavy in weedy and untreated onion fields in Moapa Valley, Clark
County; populations low in other fields. (Zoller).

SPIDER MITES (Tetranychus spp.) - ARIZONA - Increasing and beginning to damage
cantaloups in Yuma County. (Ariz. Coop. Sur.).

Beet Leafhopper Survey, Texas and New Mexico - 1965

The beet leafhopper (Circulifer tenellus) survey was begun February 24 and com-
pleted March 9, 1965. The survey was conducted in 45 counties in Texas and 7
counties in New Mexico, with 92 stops being made in Texas and 19 stops in New
Mexico. Host plants were present at 96 percent of the stops in Texas and 74
percent of stops in New Mexico. The number of beet leafhoppers per 100 square
feet was 11 in Texas and 14 in New Mexico. Population counts in Texas were the
same as in 1964, but host plants were more lush, abundant and widespread during
the 1965 survey. Population counts in New Mexico were lower than in 1964, with
host plants being more abundant and widespread in 1965.

In order that the survey information be more specific, the following breakdown
is presented.

TEXAS - El Paso-Crystal City-Monahans Area - This area produced approximately

75 percent of the beet leafhoppers found on the entire survey in 1965, Heaviest
concentration was in the El Paso valley. Compared with 1964, distribution of
leafhoppers from Crystal City to the El Paso valley was more uniform this year,
populations in the Pecos area were about the same, and counts from Sonora to
Uvalde were less.

Seminole-Hereford-Abilene Area - Counts in this area were far below those of
1964. Beet leafhoppers were found at only 3 of the 23 stops made; only 24
specimens were collected, of which 20 were taken at the Dimmitt stop. Beet
leafhoppers have been found in relatively high numbers at this particular stop
for the past several years. Flixweed is about the only host found in this area
at this time of year.

Sonora-Abilene-Monahans Area - This area showed the greatest increase; 86 beet
leafhoppers were collected at 6 of the 14 stops made. Only 6 specimens were
found in this area in 1964. Host plants were very plentiful, in excellent
condition and found at all stops.

NEW MEXICO - El Paso-Las Cruces Area - A total of 50 beet leafhoppers was
collected in this area, which is 33 per 100 square feet and represents a slight
increase over the number found in 1964.

Las Cruces-Truth or Consequences Area - A total of 48 specimens was collected,
which represents 24 per 100 square feet.

Alamogordo-Carrizozo-Hobbs Area - Only 2 beet leafhoppers were taken from the
350 square feet sampled. This is a decrease from the figure for 1964.

Most of the beet leafhopper population in New Mexico was rather evenly distributed
from a point just north of El Paso to Truth or Consequences. The general pattern

of distribution for the New Mexico area was found to be much the same as in 1964,

(PPC and cooperating agencies).

= 2 =

COTTON INSECTS

_ FLORIDA - Larvae and pupae taken on

PINK BOLLWORM (Pectinophora gossypiella) (Creamer, Mar. 17, 18).

wild cotton at 2 locations on Long Key, Monroe County.

FOREST, ORNAMENTAL AND SHADE TREE INSECTS

SOUTHERN PINE BEETLE (Dendroctonus gout sue) - Pe vaes ee NN ean at
i ble number of mature Toblolly pines; some
Peeee ree eoction of Somerset and Worcester Counties. (Wood, McComb) .

NANTUCKET PINE TIP MOTH (Rhyacionia frustrana) - ALABAMA - ea Be ae over-
wintered pupae occurred; adults now ovipositing on ne aw lane ‘ ae ae ae
noticeable in Tuscaloosa, Dallas, Autauga and Lee Counties. (Hols 3

et al.).

i ini i - - 1 large
PINE NEEDLE SCALE (Phenacaspis pinifoliae) MARYLAND Heavy on severa
white pines near Laurel, Prince Georges County. (U. Md., Ent. Dept.) . WISCONSIN -
Heavy on ornamental pines in Madison, Dane County, and Oshkosh, Winnebago County ;
appearance of pines affected and survival of some pines threatened. (Wis. Ins.

Sur.).

i - - intered eggs
EASTERN TENT CATERPILLAR (Malacosoma americanum) ALABAMA Overwin
hatched in central and southern areas; first instars in masses of 50-200 observed
feeding on new growth of wild cherry and other trees in Dallas, Autauga , Elmore
and Lee Counties. Small webs in crotches of limbs noted; tent building will
soon be noticeable. (Granberry Qe Bily)) o

BAGWORM (Thyridopteryx ephemeraeformis) - ALABAMA - Overwintered egg cases numerous
in central counties; no hatching observed. (Granberry et al.).

WEEVILS (Brachyrhinus spp.) - CALIFORNIA - B. sulcatus (black vine weevil) and B.
ovatus (strawberry weevil) heavy on heather in Inverness, Marin County. (Cal.
Coop. Rpt.).

APHIDS -— CALIFORNIA - Myzocallis arundinariae adults medium on bamboo nursery
stock in Arlington, Riverside County; this is a new county record. Neophyllaphis
podocarpi medium on podocarpus in Richmond, Contra Costa County; this is a new
county record. (Cal. Coop. Rpt.). NEVADA - Unspecified species increasing on
various ornamentals in Fallon, Churchill County. (York). ALABAMA — Macrosiphum
rosae (rose aphid) increased tremendously on roses; stem mothers now depositing
living young at rapid rate. (McQueen).

CONIFER APHIDS (Cinara spp.) - CALIFORNIA - C. thu
on Thuja spp. in Fresno, Fresno County, Adults of C. coloradensis heavy on Picea
abies nursery stock in Suisun City, Solano County. “Nymphs and adults of C,
Sibiricae heavy on juniper in Watsonville, Santa Cruz County. (Cal. Coop. Rpt.).

jafilina nymphs and adults heavy

CALIFORNIA RED SCALE (Aonidiella aurantii) -— CALIFORNIA Locally he
i : - avy on
trees in Marysville, Yuba County. (Cal. Coop. Rpt.). if avn aa

COCCIDS - MARYLAND - Pseudaulacaspis pentagona (white peach scale) heavy on lilac
and privet at Hyattsville and infested flowering cherry at University Hills

Prince Georges County. (U. Md., Ent. Dept.). NORTH CAROLINA - Ceroplastes sp
heavy on camellia in Northampton County. (Harris, Mount). FLORIDA — Ceroplastes
cirripediformis (barnacle scale) moderate on stem of Philippine-tea (Ehretia
microphylla) in nursery at Miami, Dade County, (Herrmann, Mar. 17). Adults and
eggs of Ischnaspis longirostris (black thread scale) on one Combretum fruticosum

- 280 -

plant in nursery in Fort Lauderdale, Broward County. (Clinton, Mar. 18). These
are new host records for Florida Division of Plant Industry. (Fla. Coop. Sur.).
All stages of Pseudococcus adonidum (long-tailed mealybug) severe on stem of
Anthurium sp. in nursery at Tallahassee, Leon County. (Miller, Mar. 15).
CALIFORNIA - Pulvinaria floccifera heavy on Pittosporum tobira locally in Menlo
Park, San Mateo County. Lecanium sp., probably L. fletcheri (Fletcher scale) ,
heavy on Taxus buccata var. stricta nursery stock in Suisun City, Solano County;
some parasitism evident. Rhizoecus leucosomus medium on Senecio mikaniodes in
campus greenhouse at Davis, Yolo County. Phenacoccus nonarius occurring on
Franseria dumosa near Seeley, Imperial County. This is a new county record; it
has been recorded from Inyo and San Bernardino Counties. (Call = (Coop. Rptoe

CITRUS RED MITE (Panonychus citri) - CALIFORNIA - Nymphs and adults medium on
jasmine nursery stock in Riverside, Riverside County. (Cal. Coop. Rpt.).

CYCLAMEN MITE (Steneotarsonemus pallidus) - MARYLAND - Moderately injured begonia
in greenhouse at Severn, Anne Arundel County. (U. Md., Ent. Dept.).

INSECTS AFFECTING MAN AND ANIMALS
STATUS OF THE SCREW-WORM (Cochliomyia hominivorax) IN THE SOUTHWEST

For the first time in 1965, the total accumulation of screw-worm cases has fallen
behind the 1964 accumulation. No cases have been reported in the Southwestern
Eradication Area since the case reported in Live Oak County, Texas, on January 29.
Nor have any cases been reported in any other States since the latter part of
1964. The Republic of Mexico, however, reported 54 cases during the period

March 21 - 27; Sonora 37, Durango 2, Puebla 3, Chihuahua 1, Tamaulipas 5, San
Luis Potosi 1, Veracruz 1. Sterile screw-worm flies released: 166,250 over
Texas rivers; 75,795,200 in grid patterns over Mexico.

Ratio of Positive Cases

Positive Cases Negative Cases to 100 Cases Negative
Year Current Cumulative Current Cumulative Current Cumulative
Table 1. Comparison of specimens reported during corresponding weeks in

1963 and 1964 in Southwestern Eradication Area,

1963 13 182 224 558 5.80 32.61 *

1964 4 id 204 701 1.96 0.99

1965 fe) 4 SIC 570 0.00 0.70
Table 2, Comparison of specimens reported during corresponding weeks and

in a corresponding area in 1964 in the United States-Mexico
Barrier Zone.*

1964 15 160 33 194 45.45 82.47
1965 43 515 31 333 138.70 154.65

Table 2A. Mexican portion of Barrier Zone only.

1964 11 151 2 51 - 550.00 296.07
1965 43 513 20 205 215.00 250.24

* Barrier Zone - Area in which screw-worm eradication operations are being
carried out in an effort to prevent establishment of self-sustaining screw-—
worm population in the United States.

(Anim. Dis. Erad. Div.).

- 281 -

CATTLE GRUBS (Hypoderma spp.) - SOUTH CAROLINA - Treatment of cattle urged; grubs
numerous this winter in Piedmont district. (Nettles et al., Mar. 23). OKLAHOMA -
H. lineatum (common cattle grub) light in Bryan County and absent in Payne County;
adults present in large numbers in Pushmataha County. (Okla. Coop. Sur.). SOUTH
DAKOTA - Endemic populations of H. bovis (northern cattle grub) noted in one- and
two-year-old cattle at Cottonwood, Jackson County; Buffalo, Harding County; and
Sturgis, Meade County. Numbers of H. bovis on animals in these locations similar
to previous years. Cattle grubs on untreated cattle at Lake Andes not nearly so
severe this year as in 1964, (Wrich) .

CATTLE LICE - SOUTH CAROLINA - Producers urged to treat; lice heavy this winter
in Piedmont district. (Nettles et al., Mar. 23.). ALABAMA - Biting and sucking
species quite heavy this winter; noticeable increase in activity in Bibb, Bullock
and Madison Counties. Weather conditions causing delays in control efforts.
(Holla, Odom, Stone). ARKANSAS - Various species continue light in northwest
area. (Ark. Ins. Sur.). OKLAHOMA - Heavy on cattle in Pushmataha and Bryan
Counties. (Okla. Coop. Sur.). SOUTH DAKOTA - Several species, primarily Bovicola
bovis (cattle biting louse) , troublesome on herd bulls and older cows in winter
pasture in various areas. infested animals not treated last fall. Higher popu-
lations found on cattle at Lake Andes, Charles Mix County; Philip, Haakon County;
Buffalo, Harding County; and in Brookings County. Populations lighter on animals
examined in Centerville area, Turner County. (Wrich). UTAH - Sucking species
heavy on some herds of cattle at Huntsville, Weber County. (Knowlton).

HOG LOUSE (Haematopinus suis) - UTAH - Moderately numberous on hogs near Ogden,
Weber County. (Knowlton).

WASPS - ALABAMA - Overwintered females left hibernation; scouting for food and
nest building. Noticeable around homes, on shrubs; several stings reported.
(McQueen). UTAH - Very troublesome to humans at Park City, Summit County.
(Knowlton).

NORTHERN FOWL MITE (Ornithonyssus sylviarum) - ARKANSAS - Continues moderate to
heavy in northwest area. (Ark. Ins. Sur.).

LONE STAR TICK (Amblyomma americanum) - OKLAHOMA - Moderate (25 per head) on
cattle in Pushmataha County. (Okla. Coop. Sur.). ARKANSAS - Nuisance to people
walking in timbered areas in northwest area. (Ark. Ins. Sur.).

WINTER TICK (Dermacentor albipictus) - CALIFORNIA - Heavy in brush areas in
Loyalton, Plumas County. (Cal. Coop. Rpt.).

HOUSEHOLD AND STRUCTURAL INSECTS

BOXELDER BUG (Leptocoris trivittatus) - MINNESOTA - Increased activity on warmer
days noted. (Minn. Ins. Rpt.). NEW MEXICO - Light to very abundant in and
around homes with boxelder trees in Santa Fe County; very annoying to homeowners.
(N.M. Coop. Rpt.).

CLOVER MITE (Bryobia praetiosa) - MARYLAND - Migrated into homes in several
communities in Prince Georges County. (U. Md., Ent. Dept.). NEW MEXICO - Bryobia
sp. entering homes in Farmington-Aztec area, San Juan County, and Sante Fe,

Santa Fe County. (N.M. Coop. Rpt.). UTAH - Invading homes in several Weber
County communities; additional infestations noted in Ogden. Heavy and invading
homes at Smithfield, Cache County. (Knowlton).

INDIAN-MEAL MOTH (Plodia interpunctella) - MARYLAND - Adults noted throughout home
in Frederick, Frederick County. (U. Md., Ent. Dept.).

ELM LEAF BEETLE (Galerucella xanthomelaena) - MARYLAND - Adults caused nuisance
in building at Annapolis, Anne Arundel County. (U. Md., Ent. Dept.).

- 282 -

RED-HEADED ASH BORER (Neoclytus acuminatus) - NORTH CAROLINA - Adults nuisance
in home in Cherokee County; det. by D. A. Mount. (Stewart).

COCKROACHES - MINNESOTA - Infested 500-unit apartment complex in Minneapolis-St.
Paul suburb; required extensive controls. (Minn. Ins. Rpt.).

SAW-TOOTHED GRAIN BEETLE (Oryzaephilus surinamensis) - DELAWARE - Continues rather
numerous in homes in several areas of State. (Burbutis). NORTH CAROLINA - Adults
infested oatmeal locally in Edgecombe County. (Powell, Mount).

ANTS - DELAWARE - Large numbers of Camponotus pennsylvanicus (black carpenter ant)
in home in New Castle County. (MacCreary). OKLAHOMA - Crematogaster laeviuscula
reproductives swarming in home in Oklahoma County and Crematogaster sp. swarming
in home in Logan County. Monomorium minimum (little black ant) workers infested
home in Kay County. (Okla. Coop. Sur.). CALIFORNIA - Adults of Tapinoma sessile
(odorous house ant) heavy in home in Ukiah, Mendocino County. (Cal. Coop. Rpt.).

SUBTERRANEAN TERMITES (Reticulitermes spp.) - MARYLAND - Swarming occurred around
and in buildings at several locations in Prince Georges County. (U. Md., Ent.
Dept.). OKLAHOMA - Winged adults swarming in 2 locations in Oklahoma City,
Oklahoma County. (Okla. Coop. Sur.). NORTH CAROLINA - R. flavipes (eastern
subterranean termite) swarmed in Haywood County home March 22; in home in Wake
County March 25; and in home in Alamance County March 16. (Holloway, Wray,
Mount). UTAH - R. hesperus (western subterranean termite) damaged home and
garage at Ogden, Weber County. (Knowlton).

SOUTHERN LYCTUS BEETLE (Lyctus planicollis) - CALIFORNIA - Infesting hardwood
floors in home in Rancho Cordova, Sacramento County. (Cal. Coop. Rpt.).

BENEFICIAL INSECTS

A PREDACEOUS STINK BUG (Perillus splendidus) - COLORADO - Overwintered active
adult taken on campus at Fort Collins, Larimer County, March 23 after 62° F.
spring day. (Thatcher).

MISCELLANEOUS INSECTS

THRIPS - ALABAMA - Overwintered adults present on most low growing grasses,
legumes and weeds, especially on field borders, Large numbers appear ready to
migrate to corn, cotton and other crops following planting. (McQueen).

WHITE-FRINGED BEETLES (Graphognathus spp.) - NORTH CAROLNNA - Larvae collected
for the first time in Alexander County; surveys in Bladen, Harnett, Hoke,
Robeson and Scotland Counties negative. (PPC South. Reg., Feb. Rpt.).

IMPORTED FIRE ANT (Solenopsis saevissima richteri) - FLORIDA - Adults taken in
soil in Wakulla County, March 17 (Johnson); and in soil at Lawtey, Bradford County,

March 18 (Josey). These are new county records. (Fla. Coop. Sur.). Adults
taken in soil at Cassia and Crows Bluff, Lake County. (Mosteller, Mar. 22).
These are extensions in infested counties. (PPC). Found for the first time in

Sumter County in February. (PPC South. Reg.). GEORGIA - Found for the first
time in Brooks, Evans and Tattnall Counties, (PPC South. Reg., Feb. Rpt.).
MISSISSIPPI - Found for the first time in Claiborne County. (PPC South. Reg.,
Feb. Rpt.). SOUTH CAROLINA - Found for the first time in Hampton County. (PPC
South. Reg., Feb. Rpt.).

SPRINGTAILS - MICHIGAN - Undetermined species causing concern in several Lower
Peninsula counties. (Janes). OKLAHOMA - Entomobrya sp. reported living in well
and entering water supply of home in Carter County. (Okla. Coop. Sur.).

LIGHT TRAP COLLECTIONS

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- 287 -

SUMMARY OF INSECT CONDITIONS IN THE UNITED STATES - 1964
(continued from page 272)

TOBACCO INSECTS

Highlights:

HORNWORMS and BUDWORMS were not particular problems on tobacco during the 1964
season. CABBAGE LOOPER caused some damage to tobacco in North Carolina through-
out the season, and was considered a distinct problem on flue-cured tobacco in
Florida for the first time. This pest also caused heavy losses to shade-grown
tobacco in Florida during the spring. BEET ARMYWORM is apparently becoming a
major pest of shade-grown tobacco in Florida, where approximately 150 acres were
damaged this season. TOBACCO FLEA BEETLE was moderate to heavy on tobacco in
the field in Georgia and was more prevalent in North Carolina. This pest was
generally heavy on newly set tobacco in all sections of Maryland. TOBACCO WIRE-
WORM caused more damage to tobacco transplants in North Carolina this season
than in 1963, and infestations ranged light to heavy on this crop in Georgia.
Insect losses to the shade-grown tobacco crop in Florida during the 1964 season
amounted to $1,053,897.

TOBACCO HORNWORM (Protoparce sexta) continued at approximately the same level of.
infestation on flue-cured tobacco in FLORIDA as in former years, but there were
some indications that infestations may have been lighter than usual. This pest
caused no damage to shade-grown tobacco in the State during 1964. First horn-
worm moths were trapped April 26, 1964, as compared with April 22, 1963. Trap
catches in Florida showed 4.3 percent fewer hornworm moths caught in 1964,
Tobacco hornworm was one of the major pests of the small tobacco crop in ALABAMA
this season. TOMATO HORNWORM (P. quinquemaculata) adults began appearing during
mid-June in WISCONSIN. Counts were relatively high in blacklight traps as later
reflected by larval feeding on tobacco during late July.

HORNWORMS (Protoparce spp.) were considerably below normal on tobacco in MARYLAND
throughout the 1964 season, and were very light on tobacco in VIRGINIA where
infestations were observed. Hornworm infestations in NORTH CAROLINA were gener-
ally low and sporadic throughout the season, the only serious infestation occur-
ring during the last week of July. Infestations of these pests in GEORGIA were
light on tobacco this season.

TOBACCO BUDWORM (Heliothis virescens) infestations on flue-cured tobacco in
FLORIDA were at about the same level as in previous years,with some indications
that numbers may have been lighter than usual. Populations of this budworm on
shade-grown tobacco in Florida were small and only light damage occurred to this
crop in 1964. Tobacco budworm was one of the major pests of tobacco in ALABAMA
this year, where the crop is confined to very few counties and consists of
approximately 500 acres. In GEORGIA, tobacco budworm infestations on tobacco
ranged moderate to heavy, and infestations of CORN EARWORM (H. zea) were heavy,
especially during mid and late season. Tobacco budworm was generally very light
on tobacco in Pittsylvania County, VIRGINIA, in 1964,

BUDWORMS (Heliothis spp.) were again below normal in numbers on tobacco in
MARYLAND, with only a few light infestations being observed, Populations in
NORTH CAROLINA were very light on tobacco throughout the 1964 season. Infesta-
tions on research stations at Reidsville, Rockingham County, at Clayton, Johnston
County, and at Whiteville, Columbus County, were very low on tobacco.

CABBAGE LOOPER (Trichoplusia ni) damaged small tobacco plants in Onslow County,
NORTH CAROLINA, during the third week of May. This is earlier than usual. There
were scattered reports of damage by this pest to tobacco throughout the 1964

- 288 -

season in North Carolina, most coming from Carteret, Onslow and Columbus Counties.
Cabbage looper was considered a distinct problem on flue-cured tobacco for the
first time in FLORIDA this season. This looper was a problem on tobacco that had
been set in the fields for about 6 weeks and there were requests for assistance
throughout the growing season. Cabbage looper caused heavy losses to shade-grown
tobacco in Florida in early spring, and was the number one pest of this crop in
the State during 1964. The seasonal abundance of this noctuid was four times
greater than in 1963.

CUTWORMS, especially BLACK CUTWORM (Agrotis ipsilon), caused conspicuous damage
to newly set tobacco plants in several fields over a wide area in MARYLAND.
Cutworms also caused injury to several tobacco beds in Charles County, Maryland.
Agrotis spp. caused heavy losses in several fields of shade-grown tobacco in
FLORIDA, and infestations were more numerous than in 1963. GRANULATE CUTWORM
(Feltia subterranea) was observed feeding on bottom leaves of tobacco in several
fields and BEET ARMYWORM (Spodoptera exigua) was noted on tobacco in several
areas of GEORGIA during the 1964 season. Beet armyworm is apparently becoming

a major pest of shade-grown tobacco in FLORIDA as approximately 150 acres of this
crop showed damage during the 1964 season,

POTATO TUBERWORM (Gnorimoschema operculellum) continued to be unpredictable on
flue-cured tobacco in FLORIDA during the 1964 season, with no complaints concern-
ing this pest being received. In 1963, isolated severe infestations on flue-
cured tobacco were reported in Alachua and Columbia Counties, and during 1962
complaints concerning this pest were received from Gilchrist and Lafayette
Counties. Light infestations of potato tuberworm were found in several fields

of shade-grown tobacco in Florida during the 1964 season, but damage was of

minor importance.

TOBACCO FLEA BEETLE (Epitrix hirtipennis) caused moderate damage to some plant
beds of shade-grown tobacco in FLORIDA during 1964, and was effectively controlled
in other plant beds with the application of insecticides. Plant beds not properly
treated suffered heavier losses. The overwintering population was larger than

in 1963. Dry weather during May retarded emergence and adult populations of the
first and second broods were slightly smaller in 1964. Damage by tobacco flea
beetle on shade tobacco was held in check by increased grower vigilance and the
proper application of insecticides. Tobacco flea beetle infestations in GEORGIA
ranged light to moderate in the plant bed, but most infestations on tobacco in

the field were moderate to heavy during the 1964 season. There appeared to be

two periods of heavy infestation in Georgia; first, shortly after transplanting,
and second, soon after cropping begins. Tobacco flea beetle was more prevalent
throughout the 1964 season in NORTH CAROLINA than usual; however, the pest was

not a very serious problem this year. Light to medium infestations of this leaf
beetle appeared on tobacco in Pittsylvania County, VIRGINIA, during 1964. Tobacco
flea beetle was not an important pest of tobacco in the bed during 1964 in
MARYLAND, but populations were generally heavy on newly set tobacco in all sections
of the State, especially during May and June, while infestations during July and
August ranged light to moderate. Unspecified FLEA BEETLES were pests of tobacco
in ALABAMA this year,

TOBACCO WIREWORM (Conoderus vespertinus) and SOUTHERN POTATO WIREWORM (C. falli)
caused more damage to tobacco transplants in NORTH CAROLINA during 1964 than in
1963, but not so much damage as in 1962. Resetting of tobacco plants was
necessary in some fields during 1964. First report. of damage to tobacco by these
pests this season was on a 4-acre field in Robeson County on April 27, where 92
percent of the plants was damaged. Larvae of southern potato wireworm have now
been found in North Carolina in Columbus, Pender, Onslow, Carteret, Craven and
Pamlico Counties, and in the southern portions of Jones, Duplin and Sampson
Counties. Infestations of tobacco wireworm ranged-light to heavy on tobacco in
GEORGIA during the 1964 season, with most infestations being moderate in nature,
In FLORIDA, populations of Conoderus spp. caused losses of 20-40 percent of the
stand of shade-grown tobacco in several fields where proper insecticides were
not applied.

- 289 -

VEGETABLE WEEVIL (Listroderes costirostris obliquus) infestations in tobacco in
GEORGIA during the 1964 season were mostly light to moderate.

GREEN PEACH APHID (Myzus persicae) populations were moderate to heavy throughout
the tobacco-growing regions of MARYLAND during late July and August. More than
15,000 acres of tobacco were treated to control damaging or developing populations
of this pest. Aphids must be controlled to insure high quality Maryland type
tobacco. Green peach aphid appeared on tobacco in the field in VIRGINIA during
the season, and infestations ranged light to moderate on tobacco in the plant
bed and in the field in GEORGIA during 1964. Green peach aphid populations on
flue-cured tobacco in FLORIDA continued at about the same level as in former
years, but there were some indications that numbers were lower than usual. On
shade-grown tobacco in Florida, populations of this aphid were slow in becoming
established this season due to cool weather in the early spring, and little loss
resulted.

Infestations of SOUTHERN GREEN STINK BUG (Nezara viridula) and BROWN STINK BUG
(Euschistus servus) were light on tobacco in GEORGIA during the 1964 season.
In VIRGINIA, medium infestations of TOBACCO THRIPS (Frankliniella fusca) were
encountered on tobacco in a few locations during the season.

Insect losses to the shade-grown tobacco crop in FLORIDA were approximately 8.8
percent, or $1,053,897, with cabbage looper (3.2 percent), cutworms (3.0 percent),
flea beetles (0.8 percent), budworms (0.7 percent) and wireworms (0.2 percent)
causing the major portion of the damage. Approximately 0.7 percent was lost
because of infestations of armyworms, potato tuberworm and other species. The
outlook for infestations of tobacco pests in Florida during 1965 indicates that
cabbage looper populations should remain about the same, with some increases
indicated should weather conditions be favorable in the spring. Tobacco flea
beetle may become the number one pest of tobacco in Florida during 1965 if
vigilance and controls are relaxed. The potential of this leaf beetle is still
high and the least edge given to this pest may be disastrous to the crop. Cut-
worms will be a major problem on tobacco in Florida directly following trans-
planting. Heavier infestations of budworms are anticipated for 1965, depending
upon the length of the growing season and weather conditions. Beet armyworm and
wireworms will probably continue to cause losses in some fields of tobacco in
Florida in 1965, but no serious outbreaks are expected.

COTTON INSECTS

Highlights:

BOLL WEEVIL was again light over a large portion of the Cotton Belt. Infestations
were generally light in North Carolina, Tennessee, Georgia, Louisiana, Arkansas
and Missouri. Boll weevil has built up to rather high counts throughout Alabama
with sufficient numbers having entered hibernation in thefall of 1964 to be of
general concern if normal numbers survive the winter. Damage from this pest was
extreme in southeastern Alabama. Boll weevil was heavy in several areas of the
cotton-growing regions of Oklahoma, and populations appeared above the Cap Rock

in Texas for the second consecutive year. BOLLWORMS were severe in Georgia this
season as they were in 1963, being more serious than boll weevil in many instances.
BOLLWORM was the most damaging pest of cotton in Arizona this season, TARNISHED
PLANT BUG populations were extremely heavy on cotton throughout Louisisana.
Migrations of LYGUS BUGS to cotton in Arizona were heavy during the early part

of the season and damage became heavy in many sections. These bugs reached
economic proportions on cotton in Clark and Nye Counties, Nevada, during August,
and they were damaging to this crop in all areas of California. TOBACCO THRIPS
infestations were unusually high and widespread on cotton in Louisiana. SPIDER
MITES were the major cause of control applications in all cotton-growing areas

of California during 1964, and caused heavy, localized damage to cotton in

- 290 -

Arizona. Tetranychus cinnabarinus was heavier and more widespread in the Brazos
River bottom area of Texas than during 1963. Spider mites were somewhat heavier
than in 1963 in Arkansas and were probably the third most economically important
problem on cotton in Georgia. These pests were a continuous problem on cotton in
Tennessee throughout the 1964 season.

BOLL WEEVIL (Anthonomus grandis) infestations were generally low in NORTH
CAROLINA through the early part of the 1964 season, but some untreated fields in
the southeastern part of the State approached 45 percent punctured squares by
mid-July. Infestations were generally about 20 percent in untreated cotton in
east central counties of North Carolina at that time. Infestations increased
rapidly in all areas of the Coastal Plain in the latter part of July and rains
hampered control efforts. Weevils caused considerable damage during the remainder
of the season in North Carolina, except in the Piedmont where populations were
much lower. In the Coastal Plain area, losses of 75-100 pounds of lint per acre
were reported due to boll weevil. Boll weevil populations were light most of
the season in TENNESSEE. In the southern counties of the State, a few fields of
cotton were heavily damaged, but in general, economic populations of this pest
did not occur until late in the season when most fields were already mature.

Boll weevil infestations were lower than average in GEORIGA during 1964, but
were heavier than in 1963. Rains during the middle and late part of the season
were more numerous and general over the State, except in the southeast where
conditions were quite dry at times. These rains caused many farmers to get off
their regular application schedules, as well as causing cotton to become quite
rank. Many farmers ceased needed control applications because they believed
that they were tearing up more cotton than would be lost to this pest. Square
counts were not made in southern Georgia during the week of June 1 as there
were insufficient squares to give accurate counts. Counts made during the week
of June 15 ranged 0-65 percent punctured squares with an average of 13 percent.
Counts in southern Georgia during mid-August ranged 14-85 percent, with an aver-—
age of 48 percent punctured squares. Infestations of this nature at this time
during the growing season are most unusual. In the northern area of Georgia,
first square counts were made during the week of July 6, when percent punctured
squares ranged 0-12 and averaged 7. During the week of August 17, counts
increased to a range of 8-88 percent and averaged 44 percent punctured squares.
During the week of August 31, counts averaged 55 percent punctured squares with
a range of 23-80 percent, with squares becoming scarce at that time.

Boll weevil winter hibernation survival surveys were initiated in ALABAMA during
March of 1964, samples being collected from 10 farms in each of four widely
separated counties from the extreme south to northern part of the State. The
average number of live weevils per acre of surface trash near cotton fields were
537 in Henry, 242 in Dallas, 81 in Tuscaloosa and zero in Morgan Counties. Counts
of live weevils were made on each of four farms in these same counties in April,
May and June, and counts were in the same proportions as survival counts from
surface trash in March. Average counts of weevils per acre entering hibernation
in surface trash in the fall of 1964 were 2,821 in Henry, 6,650 in Dallas, 7,061
in Tuscaloosa and 1,854 in Morgan Counties. Boll weevil populations have again
build up to rather high counts throughout Alabama and sufficient numbers entered
hibernation in the fall of 1964 to be of general concern if a normal number sur-
vive the winter. This is of major concern in the northern area where most of the
State's cotton is grown. Weevil infestations appeared early in Alabama during
1964, with heavy egg laying occurring from Birmingham, Jefferson County, south-
ward, Cotton made excellent growth, affording excellent shade for larvae in
squares during June and July, and with favorable moisture conditions, a heavy
"hatch-out" of first-generation weevils occurred from late June to mid-July.
This condition continued in Alabama through succeeding generations. Extreme
damage occurred to cotton in southeastern Alabama because of high weevil popula-
tions and unsuitable weather for effective controls. Cotton yields were much

- 291 -

less in this area than in 1963. Isolated but very light egg laying occurred in
a few areas of north Alabama. An extremely light and scattered first hatch of
boll weevil occurred but only light damage resulted from succeeding generations.
Although cotton had matured to another record yield before widespread numbers of
this weevil developed, most fields showed a high buildup of larvae and young
weevils as killing frost appeared in all of northern Alabama in late November.
Very few controls were applied in this area of the State during the growing
season,

Boll weevil populations were light generally in cotton in LOUISIANA but a few
moderately heavy infestations developed in the east central portion of the State
in an area receiving frequent rainfall during the cotton-growing season. Boll
weevil was very light in cotton in ARKANSAS during 1964 as compared to what is
considered to be normal. Infestations were similar to those of 1963, except
they were somewhat heavier later in the season. Surveys showed that 0-7 percent
of fields surveyed needed treatment, with a season average of 2.8 percent of
fields needing controls. Boll weevil infestations were practically nonexistent
in MISSOURI during 1964. Infestations of this pest were first noted in OKLAHOMA
cotton in late June, and by late August, populations were heavy in several areas
of the cotton-growing region, where they remained moderate to heavy through the
remainder of the 1964 season, Boll weevil was present in heavy numbers below
the Cap Rock in TEXAS, and populations also appeared above the Cap Rock for the
second consecutive year. Populations of this cotton pest were also heavy in

the red rolling plains and lower Rio Grande areas of Texas this season.

A WEEVIL (Compsus auricephalus) caused some damage to cotton in Obion, Lake and
Dyer Counties, TENNESSEE. Another WEEVIL (Anthonomus sp.) was found to be
infesting 32,912 acres of cotton on 500 properties in Cochise, Maricopa, Pima,
Pinal, Santa Cruz and Yuma Counties, ARIZONA. Surveys of cotton in NEVADA
during the 1964 season revealed no weevil infestations of that crop.

DARKLING BEETLES caused considerable damage to some fields of cotton in western
TEXAS during the 1964 season, particularly in Garza County.

BOLLWORMS (Heliothis spp.) were generally light in numbers in NORTH CAROLINA
during the 1964 season, but some damage did occur to cotton late in the season.
It is estimated that 20-25 pounds of lint per acre were lost due to these pests;
however, this is a low figure. These pests were not much of a problem on cotton
in TENNESSEE this season. There were a great number of complaints concerning
insecticide failure, but investigation showed that controls were begun too late
in all instances to be effective. In most instances where bollworms were
damaging cotton in Tennessee, controls should have been begun two weeks sooner.
Infestations of these pests were severe and similar to those of 1963 in GEORGIA.
First bollworms in the State were observed during the week of May 4, and during
the week of May 18, as many as 10 larvae per 100 terminals were found; however,
most infestations remained light until the week of July 6. Infestations in
northern and southern portions of Georgia continued heavy until immediately prior
to harvest. Bollworms were more serious in Georgia in many instances during 1964
than was boll weevil (Anthonomus grandis). Bollworm adult flights and egg laying
in ALABAMA occurred during early April, May and June, but the adult population
was not reflected by the numbers of larvae entering pupation in cotton fields.
Rather, pupation occurred in and moth flights originated from vetch, crimson
clover, corn and many other crops. Treatments for these pests were not generally
applied until necessary for boll weevil (Anthonomus grandis), at which time
sufficient dosage and spacing of insecticide applications were such as to control
both pests. Very little effort was made to control bollworms in the northern
tier of counties and very little damage was reported. Heavy bollworm populations
developed late throughout Alabama on various crops including late cotton squares,
blooms and bolls. Reports indicated that control of this cotton complex was not
as difficult as it was prior to 1963 when bollworms were equal to or greater in
importance than was boll weevil. This may have resulted from a better knowledge
of control methods by growers and less disturbance of the natural control complex
brought about in much of the cotton-producing area of the State where no control

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was necessary for boll weevil and other cotton pests. Infestations of bollworms
in LOUISIANA during 1964 were lower than at any time during the last several
years.

Bollworms infested a slightly lower percentage of cotton fields in ARKANSAS
during 1964 than during 1963, with a season average of 48.7 percent in 1964
compared with a seasonal average of 56.8 percent in 1963 and a 5-year average of
49.9 percent. Moths were active throughout the 1964 season in Arkansas and were
especially heavy from late July to the end of the cotton season. This is shown
by the records of eggs, larvae and percent damaged cotton squares. A high of

37 percent of fields had more than 10 eggs per 100 terminals the second week in
August; the seasonal average was 11 percent. A high of 41 percent of fields had
more than 3 larvae per 100 terminals the fourth week in July; the season average
was 17 percent. The percent of bollworm damaged squares is a guide to the
activity of these pests, with more than 6 percent damaged squares considered the
level of serious problems in Arkansas. A high of 13 percent of fields reached
this level the fourth week in July; however, the seasonal average for 1964 was
only 4.3 percent. Bollworms were the principal pestsfor which insecticides were
applied during the 1964 season in Arkansas. Determination of 2,686 Heliothis
spp. larvae during the season did not show any geographical or seasonal trends
regarding TOBACCO BUDWORM (H. virescens) in Arkansas. This species comprised
1.49 percent of the Heliothis spp. populations in 1964 compared with 5.9 percent
in 1963.

BOLLWORM (H. zea) infestations increased rapidly in MISSOURI the last week in
July and increased until mid-August when approximately 76 percent of scouted
fields were infested. A survey showed that tobacco budworm made up 1.46 percent
of Heliothis spp. population in Missouri during the 1964 season. Bollworms were
becoming common in OKLAHOMA as cotton plants began to square in early July.
Populations of these pests had increased in irrigated cotton by late July and
continued moderate to heavy throughout the season. Infestations of bollworm
were generally less severe over TEXAS as a whole than during the 2 previous
years. This does not pertain to many locally damaging populations, however,
Heavy populations of bollworm were present in the lower Rio Grande Valley, the
trans-Pecos, red rolling plains and Brazos River bottom areas of the State this
season. Tobacco budworm was also less damaging in Texas than for the past 2
years; however, scattered heavy populations of this pest were damaging in some
areas such as the lower Rio Grande Valley.

Infestations of bollworm were much lighter in NEW MEXICO that they were in 1963.
Spotted, light to heavy populations did cause some damage to fields of cotton in
most southern counties of the State this past season. Bollworm was the most
damaging pest of cotton in ARIZONA during the 1964 season. Heavier than normal
populations severely damaged cotton in central Arizona during July, August and
September. Controls, for the most part, were not always successful. Late season
infestations resulted in moderate damage in Graham and Cochise Counties. Infesta-
tions in Yuma County, Arizona, were only light, however, due largely to early
controls and reductions by predators and parasites. Populations of bollworm
began to increase in late July in NEVADA and continued through the first week of
September, with many fields requiring treatment in Clark and Nye Counties.
Populations of this cotton pest were at lower levels during 1964 than in previous
years, as was the case in 1963. Bollworm was present in CALIFORNIA most of the
1964 growing season, with late populations persisting and increasing.

CABBAGE LOOPER (Trichoplusia ni) was not of much consequence on cotton in
CALIFORNIA early in the seaSon, but did continue in this crop throughout harvest.
This Looper was also of no importance on cotton in NEVADA during 1964 and required
no controls. Local infestations of cabbage looper existed over much of TEXAS

but were not unusually heavy, and the pest was present in cotton during the

season in OKLAHOMA. Cabbage looper appeared in cotton in ALABAMA as early as
June, but noticeable feeding on leaves was not evident until August. Populations
did not reach damaging proportions except where considerable amounts of treatment
had been made for the control of other cotton pests. There were no indications

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that special control efforts were made against this noctuid, but isolated fields
were ragged as a result of high cabbage looper populations, which were later
brought under control by naturally occurring virus infections. Infestations of
cabbage looper in GEORGIA ranged light to heavy on cotton this season, with most |
infestations being light to moderate. A pathogen kept most infestations from
becoming problems, and with the frequent rains in Georgia during the 1964 season,
biological control of this pest was very good.

BEET ARMYWORM (Spodoptera exigua) was observed on cotton in all areas of GEORGIA
during the season. Although infestations ranged light to heavy, most were light
to moderate during 1964. Beet armyworm caused concern in some scattered portions
of western TEXAS; however, populations were considerably less than those present
in 1962. Medium larval populations of this noctuid were general on cotton in all
areas of ARIZONA during July, August and September, with populations reaching a
peak near the end of August. Beet armyworm was locally a light problem on cotton
in CALIFORNIA during the 1964 season.

COTTON LEAFWORM (Alabama argillacea) was very light on cotton in OKLAHOMA during
the 1964 season and caused very little damage to this crop.

CUTWORMS were of little or no consequence on seedling cotton this season in
LOUISIANA. These pests damaged cotton in localized areas of TEXAS but did not
cause any general damage during the year.

GARDEN WEBWORM (Loxostege similalis) was very light on cotton in OKLAHOMA this
season and caused very little damage to this crop. Garden webworm, COTTON

SQUARE BORER (Strymon melinus) and SALT-MARSH CATERPILLAR (Estigmene acrea)

caused local damage to cotton in TEXAS but no general damage. Salt-marsh cater-
pillar was not the serious problem in ARIZONA that it was in 1963. Light infesta-
tions during late summer increased slowly during the fall but controls were
required only in scattered areas. This pest infested cotton in Riverside and
Imperial Counties, CALIFORNIA. Also in California, OMNIVOROUS LEAF TIER
(Cnephasia longana) was more damaging to cotton during the 1964 season in the
desert regions than in other parts of the State.

COTTON LEAF PERFORATOR (Bucculatrix thurberiella) was a general pest of cotton in
Imperial and Riverside Counties, CALIFORNIA, and light to medium infestations
were prevalent on cotton in central and western ARIZONA with peaks being reached
during late October.

PINK BOLLWORM (Pectinophora gossypiella) infestations again showed a slight
increase in OKLAHOMA this season, with moderate infestations being reported in
cotton in several counties. The first larval specimen of the season in NEW
MEXICO was found in a cotton bloom in the Carlsbad area of Eddy County on June 30.
A late buildup of pink bollworm caused considerable damage to the late crop or
terminal bolls in fields in southern Eddy County and in a small area near Columbus,
Luna County. Pink bollworm infestations in ARIZONA as of December 11, 1964,
involved 9,210 acres on 11 properties in Maricopa County, 295 acres on 3 proper-
ties in Pima County and 2,004 acres on 36 properties in Pinal County. Graham,
Cochise and Greenlee Counties, Arizona, are considered 100 percent infested.
Surveys for pink bollworm in NEVADA during 1964 were negative.

APHIDS caused localized damage to cotton in TENNESSEE during the 1964 season.
COTTON APHID (Aphis gossypii) infestations ranged light to heavy on cotton in
GEORGIA, with most infestations being light to moderate in nature. Early popula-
tions of 1-25 aphids per plant on two to 4-leaf cotton were present throughout
ALABAMA, These were followed by large numbers of COVERGENT LADY BEETLE
(Hippodamia convergens) which brought these populations of cotton aphid under
control in 10-20 days. It was difficult to determine the amount of delay of
plant growth, fruiting and yields this pest caused. One to two light applications
of chemical controls were made, but this was not the general rule in Alabama

this season. Cotton aphid infestations which occurred during the main fruiting
periods of July, August and September and during the time when control efforts

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were underway for boll weevil and bollworms, were easily brought under control
by the inclusion of suitable insecticides in the control program.

Cotton aphid populations did not develop to troublesome proportions anywhere in
LOUISIANA during the 1964 season. Infestations of this aphid were slightly
higher in ARKANSAS during 1964 than they were in 1963 and higher than the 5-year
average. Cotton aphid was present in 27.7-42.8 percent of cotton fields in the
State with a seasonal average of 37.9 percent. This compares with 28.1 percent
during 1963 and a 5-year average of 25.7 percent. A smail percentage of cotton
fields in Arkansas had light, medium and heavy infestations of this aphid during
the season, but very few fields were treated. Isolated infestations of this
cotton pest occurred on seedling cotton in MISSOURI, but no serious problems
developed. Late season buildups occurred following control applications for
bollworms, and some fields required treatments for cotton aphid. Cotton aphid

was noted on cotton in OKLAHOMA during the 1964 season, and infestations were
light to moderate over TEXAS. Honeydew on cotton lint caused by cotton aphid

was a minor problem in Dona Ana, Chaves and Eddy Counties, NEW MEXICO, but this
aphid was unimportant on cotton in NEVADA with no control measures being required.
Unspecified aphids were persistant for long periods of time on cotton in
CALIFORNIA before buildups occurred. Cotton aphid was probably the most prevalent
of the species involved.

WHITEFLIES were locally pestiferous on cotton in Riverside County, CALIFORNIA,
but populations were generally lighter than in past years.

TARNISHED PLANT BUG (Lygus lineolaris) populations were extremely heavy on cotton
throughout LOUISIANA during the early stages of cotton fruiting. These popula—
tions were associated with aborted terminals and other growth abnormalities. In
areas receiving ample rainfall in Louisiana during the season, these pests moved
out of cotton early and plants rapidly resumed normal growth and fruiting;
however, infestations were unusually persistent in the Shreveport and Church
Point areas. Insecticide applications against these pests failed to result in
increased cotton yields. Tarnished plant bug, RAPID PLANT BUG (Adelphocoris
rapidus) and Neurocolpus nubilus infested cotton in ARKANSAS during the 1964
Season. The largest number of fields to have economic levels of the pests (40
per 100 terminals) was 35 of 7,478 fields scouted the fourth week of July.
Tarnished plant bug, rapid plant bug and N. nubilus occurred in 84 percent of
cotton fields scouted in MISSOURI during 1964, but only 5 percent of these
infestations were economic. Unspecified PLANT BUGS caused scattered damage in
TENNESSEE early in the season, but in many instances damage was not observed
until Late in the season when no bottom crop was present on cotton plants.

LYGUS BUGS (Lygus spp.) were present in heavy numbers on cotton in north central
TEXAS, but were only of minor economic importance on cotton in NEW MEXICO during
1964, Some damage was noted on cotton in New Mexico in rows adjacent to alfalfa
fields, after alfalfa had been cut. Heavy migrations of lygus bugs from forage
crops to cotton in ARIZONA contributed to damaged squares and bolis during the
early part. of the season, and damage occurred on this crop until the first part
of October. Medium infestations of these pests were present ‘on cotton during
July, August and September in Arizona. Spring infestations began to increase
rapidly during May and early June, and damage became heavy in many sections,
particularly in the central area of the State. Early season controls for lygus
bugs were necessary. Population levels of lygus bugs in NEVADA were lower than
in previous years as they were in 1963. However, numbers began increasing in
late July and reached economic proportions during August in Clark and Nye
Counties, with higher populations occurring in Nye County. These cotton pests
were damaging to cotton in all areas of CALIFORNIA during the 1964 season,

COTTON LEAFHOPPER (Psallus seriatus) occurred in normal numbers in LOUISIANA,
with high populations present only in the Shreveport area. Widespread popula-
tions were present over TEXAS, with heavy infestations present in central and
north central areas of the State; however, overall populations were somewhat
lower than in 1963. Cotton fleahopper was observed on cotton in OKLAHOMA during
the season,

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A BLACK COTTON FLEAHOPPER (Spanogonicus albofasciatus) was extremely heavy on
cotton in central ARIZONA, and lighter populations occurred on this crop in the
eastern area of the State and in Yuma County. Population peaks occurred about
June 1 in the central area. Spotted populations of this pest caused some damage
to cotton in Chaves, Eddy, Dona Ana and Luna Counties, NEW MEXICO, during June
and July, but very little effort was made to control these populations,

STINK BUGS, mostly CONCHUELA (Chlorochroa ligata) and a few SAY STINK BUG (C.
sayi), damaged cotton in the Columbus area of Luna County, NEW MEXICO, during
August. Principal damage to cotton by unspecified stink bugs in CALIFORNIA
occurred in Imperial County. Also in California, a FALSE CHINCH BUG (Nysius sp.)
was more prevalent in many fields of cotton than it has been for several years.

THRIPS damage on cotton was observed in TENNESSEE during cool weather in late
May and early June. Infestations of these pests ranged light to heavy on cotton
in GEORIGA during 1964, but most infestations were light to moderate in nature.
Thrips are usually a problem each year in Georgia and there is probably less
year-to-year variation in degree of infestation of cotton insects in Georgia,
with the exception of boll weevil. Thrips infestations on cotton in ALABAMA
were statewide, as usual, especially in two to six-leaf stages. Most damage
apparently occurred in the northern part of the State where cotton is grown on
cold, humus soils and where young plants are slower to recuperate from early
damage during cold, damp periods. The degree of damage to cotton in this area
was difficult to determine. Large acreages of cotton in northern Alabama
received preplant controls for thrips and other similar cotton pests. Infesta-
tions of TOBACCO THRIPS (Frankliniella fusca) were unusually high and widespread
on cotton in LOUISIANA during 1964. Various thrips on cotton were of minor
importance in ARKANSAS during the season, Infestations of tobacco thrips, FLOWER
THRIPS (Frankliniella tritici) and Sericothrips variabilis were extremely heavy
on late planted cotton in MISSOURI and controls were applied to approximately 4
percent of the scouted acreage in 1964,

Frankliniella spp. were noted on cotton in OKLAHOMA during the season, and
various species of thrips were generally light to moderate on cotton in TEXAS,
with heavy infestations being reported from central and northwestern areas of
the Lone Star State. Unspecified thrips were only of minor importance on cotton
in NEVADA, and light populations of these pests were present in many fields of
cotton in CALIFORNIA during the 1964 season.

SPIDER MITES were slow to develop on cotton in CALIFORNIA but were the major
cause for the application of controls in all cotton-growing areas of the State
during the 1964 season, TWO-SPOTTED SPIDER MITE (Tetranychus telarius) was
quite severe on cotton in some areas of California and STRAWBERRY SPIDER MITE
(T. atlanticus) was the most prevalent species on cotton in the San Joaquin
Valley where it caused severe defoliation in some instances. Spider mite
infestations were lower in Nye County, NEVADA, than they were in 1963, but
approximately one-third of seedling cotton required treatments. These pests
were of no consequence on cotton in Clark County, Nevada, this season. Heavy
infestations of Tetranychus spp. from May through August caused heavy, localized
damage to cotton in central ARIZONA, as well as in Graham County and in areas of
Yuma County. Infestations of Tetranychus cinnabarinus in the Brazos River bottom
area of central TEXAS were heavier and more widespread than during the 1963
season, Other species of spider mites were present on cotton in varying popula-
tions over the State, with controls being required in some scattered fields.

Strawberry spider mite and other species of these pests became severe in isolated
fields of cotton in MISSOURI, but spot and strip treatments were effective in
preventing the spread of many early season infestations. Spider mite infesta-
tions were somewhat heavier on cotton in ARKANSAS during 1964 than they were in
1963 and heavier than the 5-year average. The season average percent of infested
fields was 19.1 during 1964 compared with 16.7 percent in 1963 and a 5-year
average of 12.7 percent; however, at no time during 1964 was more than 1 percent
of the fields treated for these pests. Spider mites were of little consequence

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on cotton in LOUISIANA this year. Infestations and damage from spider mites were
extremely light in the Sand Mountain and Tennessee Valley areas of ALABAMA during
1964, Partial or complete treatments were required on some farms, but no major
control effort developed. Cotton on many small farms in the Sand Mountain area
and a lesser number in the Tennessee Valley area were prematurely defoliated and
damaged by spider mites through the negligence of growers. Spider mites ranged
light to heavy on cotton in GEORGIA during the season, with most infestations
being light to moderate. These pests were probably the third most economically
important problem on cotton in Georgia during 1964. Spider mites were a continu-
ous problem on cotton in TENNESSEE throughout the season. In many fields,
damaging populations occurred on young cotton, and mite damage could be observed
on all stages of cotton this year. Two-spotted spider mite was apparently more
prevalent in Tennessee than other species. Spider mites were reported on cotton
during the first half of June in NORTH CAROLINA as they were in 1963, and infesta-
tions were reported in all cotton-growing areas of the State by mid-July. These
infestations declined, however, during the last week of July. Spider mite
infestations were spotty thereafter and economic loss occurred only in isolated
fields.

NT OF AGRICULTURE

AGRICULTURAL RESEARCH SERVICE

PLANT PEST CONTROL DIVISION

SURVEY AND DETECTION OPERATIONS

The Cooperative Economic Insect Report is issued
weekly as a service to American Agriculture. Its contents
are compiled from information supplied by cooperating State,
Federal, and industrial entomologists and other agricultural
workers. In releasing this material the Division serves as
a clearing house and does roi assume responsibility for ac-
curacy of the material.

All correspondence pertaining to additions, dele-
tions and changes of addresses for the mailing
list for this report should be sent to:

Service Operations Division
Office of Plant and Operations
United States Department of Agriculture
Washington, D. C. 20250

Reports and inquiries pertaining to this release
should be mailed to:

Survey and Detection Operations
Plant Pest Control Division
Agricultural Research Service
United States Department of Agriculture
Federal Center Building
Hyattsville, Maryland 20781

Volume 15 April 9, 1965 Number 15

COOPERATIVE ECONOMIC INSECT REPORT
HIGHLIGHTS:

BROWN WHEAT MITE becoming damaging in southwestern Oklahoma, and live SOUTHWESTERN
CORN BORER larvae found in 80 percent of dry cornstalks in Harmon County of same
area. Light numbers of full-grown ARMYWORM larvae found on rye cover crop in
Maryland, and three adults of FALL ARMYWORM taken at Charleston, South Carolina,
unusually early for area. (p. 299). ALFALFA WEEVIL feeding damage apparent on
100 percent of alfalfa plants in northeast Georgia, and adults very active in
western and central Nevada. CLOVER LEAF WEEVIL larvae damaging alfalfa and

clover in Maryland. Larvae of a WEEVIL (Hypera brunneipennis) heavy on alfalfa

in San Luis Obispo County, California. PEA APHID increasing in several areas of
Oklahoma and required controls on this crop in New Mexico. (p. 300).

GREEN PEACH APHID population expected to be high in fruit area of Colorado.
APPLE APHID noted on apple buds in Delaware. PLUM CURCULIO adults jarred from
peach trees in Fort Valley, Georgia. Heavy leaf damage by EYE-SPOTTED BUD MOTH
larvae appearing on unsprayed fruit in Willamette Valley of Oregon. (p. 301). °
Increasing POTATO PSYLLID nymphal populations becoming hazard to potatoes in
Arizona. (p. 302). RASPBERRY CROWN BORER caused extensive damage to untreated
blackberry plantings in Oregon. (p. 303).

PINK BOLLWORM larvae and pupae taken on farm in Maricopa County, Arizona; three
moths emerged from bolls 4 inches deep on Cotton Research Center. (p. 304).
CORRECTIONS

See pages 309, 310.

DETECTION

AN ERIOPHYID MITE (Eriophyes emarginatae) reported for the first time from Ohio.
(p. 301). AN ANT (Paratechina melanderi) reported for first time in Butte County,
California. (p. 309).

SPECIAL REPORTS

Status of the Screw-worm in the Southwest. Maes OMir

Report of Survival of Boll Weevil as Determined by Surface Trash Examinations
During the Spring - 1965. (pp. 312-314). Reports indicate rather high counts

in areas surveyed. Survival rate averages 100 percent in 4 central counties

in Texas.

Estimated Losses and Production Costs Attributed to Insects and Related Arthropods
Attacking Corn (grain and silage) in Arizona in 1964. (p. 315).

Summary of Insect Conditions in the United States - 1964

Insects Affecting Man and Animals. (p. 316).
Household and Structural Insects. (p. 326).

Reports in this issue are for week ending April 2, unless otherwise indicated,

- 2908 -
WEATHER BUREAU'S 30-DAY OUTLOOK
APRIL 1965

The Weather Bureau's 30-day outlook for April calls for temperatures to average
above seasonal normals east of the Continental Divide except for near to below
normal in the Northern and Central Plains and the Upper Mississippi Valley.
West of the Divide below normal averages are anticipated. Precipitation is
expected to exceed normal west of the Divide except for near normal amounts in
the Southern Plateau Region. East of the Divide above normal amounts are called
for from the Northern Plains eastward over the Upper and Middle Mississippi
Valley to the Great Lakes Region and the Ohio Valley. Subnormal amounts are
anticipated over the Middle and North Atlantic Coastal Region as well as over
the Southern Plains. Near normal amounts are expected in unspecified areas.

Weather forecast given here is based on the official 30-day "Resume and Outlook"
published twice a month by the Weather Bureau. You can subscribe through the
Superintendent of Documents, Washington, D.C. 20250. Price $5.00 a year.

SOOO I OO OO I I IK IK ak aK 2k ak 2k 3k 2k

WEATHER OF THE WEEK ENDING APRIL 5

Following several weeks of abnormal cold, a major warming trend occurred from
the Pacific Ocean to the Appalachians. Heavy thundershowers occurred in the
lower Mississippi River Valley and some heavy rains in southern California.

TEMPERATURE: Temperatures over the Rocky Mountains and the northern and central
Great Plains averaged from 20° to 30° warmer than the previous week. A few
stations in Montana, Wyoming, and South Dakota averaged more than 30° warmer,
Increases in average temperature in Texas ranged from 7° at Galveston to 19° at
Wichita Falls. Slight increases occurred along the Ohio River. Minnesota
averaged about 20° warmer. Temperatures south and west of a line from northern
Montana to Jacksonville, Florida, averaged above normal; below normal tempera-
tures prevailed elsewhere.

PRECIPITATION: A wide area from Montana and North Dakota to the middle Rio
Grande Valley received no precipitation beyond light sprinkles or snow flurries.
Scattered areas in the South and Southeast received substantial rains from
thundershowers. One such area extended from Springfield, Missouri, to Nashville,
Tennessee, and another from Shreveport, Louisiana, to Jackson, Mississippi. Some
parts of Texas, such as at San Antonio and Waco, received more than 2 inches of
rain. The eastern half of the Nation received precipitation early in the week
while the northern and central Plains and the Southwest and Southeast received
precipitation later on, Rains occurred over most of California on Wednesday,
Thursday, and Friday, and continued in the south portions Saturday and Sunday.
Parts of southern California received more than 2 inches and a few desert
locations in one week received the equivalent normal amounts for a 7-month
period. Heavy snow fell in some western mountains near the end of the week, and
Flagstaff, Arizona, accumulated snow to 13 inches, (Weather supplied by U.S.
Weather Bureau).

= AY) &

CEREAL AND FORAGE INSECTS

BROWN WHEAT MITE (Petrobia latens) - OKLAHOMA - Infestations moderate to heavy
in many areas in southwest section. Brown spots appearing in some fields in
Jackson and Tillman Counties; limited spraying underway in several areas. In-
festations also present in Beckham and Jefferson Counties, but number still
light to moderate. (Okla. Coop. Sur.). NEW MEXICO - Scattered, light to heavy
infestations noted in alfalfa in Dona Ana and Lea Counties. Also a problem in
small grain fields near Lovington, Lea County. (N.M. Coop. Rpt.).

WINTER GRAIN MITE (Penthaleus major) - OKLAHOMA - Present on wheat in many areas
but numbers light. (Okla. Coop. Sur.).

GREENBUG (Schizaphis graminum) - OKLAHOMA - Present but spotty in southwest;

most counts ranged 5-35 per linear foot. Heaviest count was 300 per linear

foot in southeastern corner of Cotton County (southwest). Present in most fields
checked in Tulsa, Mayes, Rogers, Craig and Nowata Counties (northeast), but
counts did not exceed 30 per linear foot. Ranged 6-32 per linear foot in

Wagoner and Muskogee Counties (east central). Other counts per linear foot by
county, were: Kingfisher 1-3; Beckham and Custer 0; Alfalfa 0; Grant 0; Pawnee
0.5; Jefferson and Bryan 5. (Okla. Coop. Sur.). ARKANSAS - Surveys negative

in south, east and northeast areas. (Ark. Ins. Sur.).

CORN LEAF APHID (Rhopalosiphum maidis) - ARIZONA - Increasing on small grains in
Yuma, Maricopa and Pinal Counties, but still light to moderate. (Ariz. Coop.
Sur.). OKLAHOMA - Numbers light in wheat in scattered areas of central, south
central and west central sections. Damaging barley in local areas of Cotton
County (southwest). (Okla. Coop. Sur.).

APPLE GRAIN APHID (Rhopalosiphum fitchii) - OKLAHOMA - Present on small grains
in most areas checked in southwest, central, east central and northeast; some
counts in southwest area as high as 250 per linear foot. Counts in other areas
vary 0-80 per linear foot. (Okla. Coop. Sur.).

ENGLISH GRAIN APHID (Macrosiphum avenae) - CALIFORNIA - Medium on barley

locally in Norco, Riverside County. (Cal. Coop. Rpt.). OKLAHOMA - Light (up to
30 per linear foot) in wheat checked in Jackson, Cotton, Kingfisher, Beckham
and Jefferson Counties. Widespread, but light, in wheat in northeast and east
central areas. (Okla. Coop. Sur.).

SOUTHWESTERN CORN BORER (Zeadiatraea grandiosella) -—- OKLAHOMA - Dry cornstalks
checked in Harmon County (southwest) 80 percent infested with live larvae. Field
in Tulsa County (northeast) 20 percent infested. (Okla. Coop. Sur.).

ARMY CUTWORM (Chorizagrotis auxiliaris) - OKLAHOMA - Light numbers noted in
wheat in Kingfisher and Mayes Counties. Also noted on alfalfa in Wagoner
County. (Okla. Coop. Sur.).

ARMYWORM (Pseudaletia unipuncta) - MARYLAND - Light numbers of full-grown larvae
found on rye cover crop near Snow Hill, Worcester County. (U. Md., Ent. Dept.).

FALL ARMYWORM (Spodoptera frugiperda) - SOUTH CAROLINA - Collection of 3 adults
in light trap at Charleston, Charleston County, week ending March 28, unusually
early for this area. (Nettles et al.).

DARKLING BEETLES (Blapstinus spp.) -— ARIZONA - Building up rapidly in lawns
throughout Maricopa County. Migration into homes underway, causing problems in
Many homeowners. (Ariz. Coop. Sur.).

CARROT BEETLE (Bothynus gibbosus) -— IDAHO - Infestation spotted in lawn at
Middleton, Canyon County, March 11. (Hall).

= 300 —

ALFALFA WEEVIL (Hypera postica) - GEORGIA ~- Feeding damage apparent on 100 percent
of alfalfa plants in northeast; as many as 6 larvae per terminal noted. Fields
show characteristic frosted appearance. (Johnson). Larvae numerous on alfalfa
in Spalding County. (Tippins). MARYLAND - Small larvae continue active on
alfalfa in Snow Hill area of Worcester County. (U. Md., Ent. Dept.). OHIO -
Eggs found in 25-34 percent of samples of old stems of alfalfa collected March W7/
in Lawrence County. Young larvae present in small numbers. (Niemcezyk).

ILLINOIS - No adults or larvae found in survey of alfalfa in southeast and south-
west districts. (Ill. Ins. Sur.). MISSOURI - Larvae ranged 0-30 per 10 sweeps
in alfalfa in Pemiscot County, southeast. (Jones). WYOMING - No adult activity
noted in alfalfa in Platte, Goshen and Laramie Counties as of March 30. Alfalfa
plant crowns just budding in these areas. (Marks). COLORADO - Adults extremely
difficult to find in alfalfa in Arkansas Valley. None taken to April 1 in fields
with high populations in past seasons. (Schweissing). NEVADA — Adults very
active and mating in most western and central counties on warmer days. (Coop.
Rpt.).

CLOVER LEAF WEEVIL (Hypera punctata) - OKLAHOMA - Larvae present in all alfalfa
checked in Tulsa, Wagoner and Payne Counties; ranged 1-18 per square foot.
Averaged 2 per square foot in Beckham County. (Okla. Coop. Sur.). MISSOURI -
Light larval feeding damage on alfalfa observed in Boone County, central.
(Houser). ILLINOIS - Larvae noted in clover and alfalfa. Counts per square
foot, by districts, as follows: Central 7-18 (average 12.5); west-southwest 0-22
(average 8.7); southwest 0-11 (average 5.4); southeast 0-18 (average 7.0).

Larvae averaged 16.3 per 100 sweeps in alfalfa in southeast; first to third
instars present. Some diseased specimens noted. These counts would not indicate
any serious damage from this pest in 1965. (Ill. Ins. Rpt.). MARYLAND - Larvae
caused light to moderate foliage injury to alfalfa and clover in all sections.
(U. Md., Ent. Dept.).

A WEEVIL (Hypera brunneipennis) — CALIFORNIA - Larvae heavy on alfalfa plantings
in San Luis Obispo, San Luis Obispo County. (Cal. Coop. Rpt.). ARIZONA - Larval
counts decreased slightly in alfalfa in Yuma, Maricopa and Pinal Counties. New
adult generation appearing in most areas. (Ariz. Coop. Sur.).

PEA APHID (Acyrthosiphon pisum) — ARIZONA - Populations decreasing in alfalfa in
Yuma, Pinal and Maricopa Counties. (Ariz. Coop. Sur.). NEW MEXICO - Light to
moderate in majority of alfalfa checked in vicinity of Dexter, Hagerman and
Roswell, Chaves County. Heavier infestations in this same area are requiring
controls. Populations of A. pisum and Therioaphis maculata (spotted alfalfa
aphid) so heavy that stand of alfalfa is being destroyed. Populations continue
unusually light in Dona Ana County alfalfa. (N.M. Coop. Rpt.). OKLAHOMA -
Counts increasing in southeast, east central, north central and northeast areas
as alfalfa begins to grow. Numbers ranged from 8 to as high as 160 per square
foot in most fields checked. Counts further west very low to absent. (Okla.
Coop. Sur.). ARKANSAS - Surveys indicate no marked buildup in southwest and
central areas to April 3. (Ark. Ins. Sur.). ILLINOIS - Ranged 20-430 (average
152) per 100 aweeps in alfalfa in southeast and 20-140 (average 0.6) in south-—
west. (Ill. Ins. Rpt.).

SPOTTED ALFALFA APHID (Therioaphis maculata) - OKLAHOMA — Ranged 3-5 per 10

sweeps in Choctaw County (southeast). Okla. Coop. Sur.). ARKANSAS - Surveys
negative in southwest and central areas. (Ark. Ins. Sur.).

LYGUS BUGS (Lygus spp.) -— ARIZONA - Nymphs appearing in alfalfa in Maricopa and
Pinal Counties. Light adult numbers present in Yuma County. (Ariz. Coop. Sur.).
UTAH — Common in fieids in North Logan, Cache County; mostly L. elisus.
(Knowlton). S

TARNISHED PLANT BUG (Lygus lineolaris) - ILLINOIS — Averaged less than one adult
per 100 sweeps in alfalfa in southeast and southwest. (I11. Ins. Rpt.).

= 301) =

THRIPS —- NEW MEXICO - Mostly light in alfalfa checked in Dona Ana, Chaves, Eddy
and Lea Counties. (N.M. Coop. Rpt.).

SPIDER MITES - ARIZONA - Spotted infestations of Tetranychus spp. occurring in
alfalfa in Chandler-—Gilbert area of Maricopa County. (Ariz. Coop. Sur.). NEVADA -
Moderate to heavy numbers of Bryobia sp. or Petrobia sp. observed on alfalfa in
Fallon, Churchill County. (York).

FRUIT INSECTS

GREEN PEACH APHID (Myzus persicae) - COLORADO - Approximately 40-45 percent of
eggs nonviable; 30-35 percent hatched. Hatching delayed by cold weather during
past 2 weeks with high mortality of nymphs. Outlook for high aphid population
owing to large number of unhatched eggs. (Bulla).

APPLE APHID (Aphis pomi) - DELAWARE -— First specimens of season noted on apple
buds in Sussex County, March 30. (MacCreary).

PLANT BUGS (Lygus spp.) - UTAH - Plant bug, largely L. elisus, common in
orchards in North Logan, Cache County. (Knowlton).

PLUM CURCULIO (Conotrachelus nenuphar) - GEORGIA - Four adults jarred from 5
trees in Fort Valley area; trees now 50 percent in flower. (Holon, Mar. 25).

APPLE TWIG BORER (Amphicerus bicaudatus) - GEORGIA - Light in peach twigs in
Fort Valley area, Peach County. (Pollard).

A SAP BEETLE (Meligethes nigrescens) - OREGON - Feeding in fruit tree blossoms
March 29; about 2 weeks earlier than usual. (Larson).

EYE-SPOTTED BUD MOTH (Spilonota ocellana) - OREGON - Heavy leaf damage appearing
in unsprayed fruit and ornamental trees in Willamette Valley; overwintered larvae
noted in newly opening buds week of March 15. (Larson).

ITALIAN PEAR SCALE (Epidiaspis piricola) - CALIFORNIA - Medium on pear trees in
San Rafael, Marin County. (Cal. Coop. Rpt.).

WHITE PEACH SCALE (Pseudaulacaspis pentagona) - ALABAMA - Isolated infestations
becoming very active on peaches in Dallas County. (McQueen).

SAN JOSE SCALE (Aspidiotus perniciosus) - FLORIDA - Eggs severe on stem and bark
of pear in nursery at Tampa, Hillsborough County. (Hale, Mar. 23).

AN ERIOPHYID MITE (Eriophyes emarginatae) -— OHIO - Adults collected from wildgoose
plum (Prunus munsoniana) twigs at Mount Airy Arboretum in Cincinnati, Hamilton
County, April 1. (Rings). This is a new State record. (ARS).

A FRUIT-TREE MITE (Bryobia rubrioculus) - UTAH - Eggs not numerous in apple
orchards examined at North Logan, Cache County. (Knowlton).

OLIVE SCALE (Parlatoria oleae) -— CALIFORNIA - Light to heavy on walnut trees in
Gustine, Merced County; populations vary on different cultivars. Heavy on
almond in Los Banos, Merced County. (Cal. Coop. Rpt.).

PECAN LEAF CASEBEARER (Acrobasis juglandis) - GEORGIA - Moderate on pecans in
southern area. (Osborn).

A FALSE POWDER-POST BEETLE (Xylobiops basilaris) - ALABAMA - Girdled and caused
breaking of healthy pecan limb; pest usually damages only dying or dead limbs in
State. (Bagby).

- 302 =

AN ARMORED SCALE (Aspidiotus lataniae) —- CALIFORNIA - Medium on avocado trees in
San Diego and heavy on litchi tree nursery stock in Carlsbad, San Diego County.
(Cal, Coop.) Rpt:

A SOFT SCALE (Coccus acutissimum) - FLORIDA - All stages moderate to severe on
leaves of litchi in nursery at Lotus, Brevard County. (Levan, Mar. 26).

Citrus Insect Situation in Florida -— Mid-—March -— CITRUS RUST MITE (Phyllocoptruta
oleivora nfested 59 percent of groves (norm 60 percent); 35 percent economic
(orm 35 percent). Population near normal moderate level for March. Although
general trend is expected to be slightly downward, increase will occur in some
groves. Highest districts south, west and north. TEXAS CITRUS MITE (Eutetrany-
chus banksi) infested 34 percent of groves (norm 28 percent); 15 percent
economic (norm 11 percent). Population slightly above low level normal for
March, Gradual increase expected. All districts are low; however, few heavy
infestations now present in south and central districts. CITRUS RED MITE
(Panonychus citri) infested 32 percent of groves (norm 64 percent); 6 percent
economic (norm 36 percent). This mite continues at record low level and little
change is expected. Important infestations will be rare in any district. SIxX-
SPOTTED MITE (Eotetranychus sexmaculatus) infested 11 percent of groves (norm 12
percent); none economic (norm 1 percent). Gradual increase will occur, but few
infestations are expected to be important. Little change is expected from the
SCALE INSECT situation reported for the end of February. In February, the number
of parasitized scales per hundred healthy scales was as follows: 40 parasitized
individuals of PURPLE SCALE (Lepidosaphes beckii); 48 parasitized individuals of
GLOVER SCALE (L. gloverii); 27 parasitized individuals of CHAFF SCALE (Parlatoria
pergandii); 14 parasitized individuals of YELLOW SCALE (Aonidiella citrina); and
17 parasitized individuals of FLORIDA RED SCALE (Chrysomphalus aonidum). Popula-
tions of WHITEFLIES will continue above average and in moderate range. An increase
is expected in the number of adult whiteflies. APHIDS will increase through
April. Population expected to be below average and very few infestations will be
important. (W. A. Simanton (Citrus Expt. Sta., Lake Alfred).

CITRUS WHITEFLY (Dialeurodes citri) - FLORIDA -— Adults severe on dooryard plant-—
ings of Meyer lemon, calamondin, Japanese persimmon and Citrus spp. at Gainesville,
Alachua County. (Mead, Mar. 28).

SPIREA APHID (Aphis spiraecola) —- FLORIDA - Causing severe distortion to dooryard
citrus at Gainesville, Alachua County. (Mead).

COWPEA APHID (Aphis craccivora) — ARIZONA —- Infested citrus groves on Yuma Mesa,
Yuma County. (Ariz. Coop. Sur.).

CITRUS THRIPS (Scirtothrips citri) - ARIZONA - Increasing on new citrus growth
in most areas of Maricopa County. (Ariz. Coop. Sur.).

CALIFORNIA RED SCALE (Aonidiella aurantii) - CALIFORNIA - Heavy on orange trees
in Davis, Yolo County. (CalpECoopReRDt).

GRAPE FLEA BEETLE (Altica chalybea) - ALABAMA - First feeding signs on early
flower buds observed. Few buds 50 percent or more destroyed. (McQueen).

TRUCK CROP INSECTS

POTATO PSYLLID (Paratrioza cockerelli) -— ARIZONA - Increasing nymphal populations
becoming hazard to potatoes in Maricopa and Pinal Counties. Some controls
required. (Ariz. Coop. Sur.).

BEET LEAFHOPPER (Circulifer tenellus) - CALIFORNIA — Treatments initiated in
western Kern and Kings Counties; 5,347 rangeland acres treated. Populations in
area ranged 10-40 per 10 sweeps. No significant population development noted
further north. (Cal. Coop. Rpt.).

= 303 =

MELON APHID (Aphis gossypii) - ARIZONA - Increasing rapidly on cantaloups in
Yuma and Maricopa Counties. Heavy adult flights becoming general nuisance to
homeowners and business establishments in Yuma. (Ariz. Coop. Sur.).

GREEN PEACH APHID (Myzus persicae) — ARIZONA -— Continues to increase on lettuce
and cabbage fields in Yuma and Maricopa Counties; controls necessary in many
fields. (Ariz.Coop. Sur.). OKLAHOMA - Light to moderate on commercial spinach
checked in Tulsa and Wagoner Counties. (Okla. Coop. Sur.).

CABBAGE APHID (Brevicoryne brassicae) - ALABAMA - This species and Hyadaphis
pseudobrassicae (turnip aphid) moderate on leaves of potatoes in Mobile County.
(McQueen, Mar. 27).

VEGETABLE WEEVIL (Listroderes costirostris obliquus) - ALABAMA - Unusually large
number of adults emerged; completely defoliated recently set tomato plants in
home garden in Dale County. Recent reports from several counties indicate
rather high infestations. (Thomason et al.).

WEEVILS (Brachyrhinus spp.) — OREGON - Larvae of B. sulcatus (black vine weevil)
and B. ovatus (strawberry root weevil) heavy in Linn County mint fields but
fumigation trials resulted in effective kills. (Morrison).

GREAT BASIN WIREWORM (Ctenicera pruinina) — IDAHO - Larvae collected at soil
surface in potato field at Mountain Home, Elmore County. (Edwards).

A GROUND BEETLE (Bembidion sp.) - IDAHO - Collected at soil surface in potato
field at Mountain Home, Elmore County. (Edwards).

FULLER ROSE BEETLE (Pantomorus godmani) - CALIFORNIA — Medium on Loganberry
plants in Watsonville, Santa Cruz County. (Cal. Coop. Rpt.).

RASPBERRY CROWN BORER (Bembecia marginata) - OREGON - Damage to untreated black-—
berry plantings in Marion County extensive. Early instars now feeding at bases
of new buds. (Larson).

A MEALYBUG (Rhizoecus kondonis) - CALIFORNIA — Medium on strawberries locally in
Sacramento, Sacramento County. (Cal. Coop. Rpt.).

THRIPS - NEW MEXICO — Continue light in most onion fields checked in Dona Ana
County; range 2-6 per plant. (N.M. Coop. Rpt.).

ONION MAGGOT (Hylemya antiqua) - COLORADO — Adult bait traps placed at several
locations inVineland area, Pueblo County. Pearl onion cultivation requires
close control for this pest; traps to establish adult emergence data for
effective controls. (Schweissing, Jenkins).

SPIDER MITES (Tetranychus spp.) - ARIZONA - Controls necessary on spotted
infestations on cantaloups in Yuma and Maricopa Counties. (Ariz. Coop. Sur.).

TOBACCO INSECTS

MOLE CRICKETS - GEORGIA - Scapteriscus acletus (southern mole cricket) moderate
to heavy in transplanted tobacco in Colquitt and Lowndes Counties. (French,
Girardeau, Mar. 31). SOUTH CAROLINA - Unspecified species present on tobacco in
Florence County. (Nettles et al., Mar. 30).

WIREWORMS - GEORGIA — Damaging several fields of tobacco in southern area.
(Miles, Mar. 31).

FLEA BEETLES - SOUTH CAROLINA — Present on tobacco in Florence County. (Nettles
et al., Mar. 30).

= 304 =

WHITE GRUBS - SOUTH CAROLINA - Present on tobacco in Berkeley County. (Nettles
et al., Mar. 30).

MIDGES - SOUTH CAROLINA -— Larvae present on tobacco in Berkeley County. (Nettles
et al., Mar. 30).

SNAILS - SOUTH CAROLINA - Present on tobacco in Florence, Georgetown and
Clarendon Counties. (Nettles et al., Mar. 30).

COTTON INSECTS

PINK BOLLWORM (Pectinophora gossypiella) -— ARIZONA - Larvae and live pupae taken
in screened trash and soil from farm northeast of Mesa, Maricopa County. Three
moths emerged from bolls buried 4 inches deep on Cotton Research Center. (Ariz.
Coop. Sur.). FLORIDA - Larvae taken on wild cotton (Gossypium hirsutum) at 4
locations; Cape Sable, Monroe County (PPC, Mar. 24); Long Key, Monroe County
(Creamer, Mar. 26); Madeira Bay, Dade County (Humphries, Mar. 18); and Sanibel
Island, Lee County (Adkins, Mar. 23).

BOLL WEEVIL (Anthonomus grandis) - FLORIDA -— Larvae taken on wild cotton (Gossypium
hirsutum) at Cape Sable, Monroe County, March 24. (PPC).

A WEEVIL (Anthonomus sp.) -— ARIZONA - Adult overwintering weevils still being
found in field trash, bolls at ends of cotton fields and bolls lying next to
bases of cotton plants in fields in eastern Yuma County. Some adult flight also
observed. (Ariz. Coop. Sur., Mar. 19).

THRIPS — ALABAMA -— Quite plentiful on new growth of Johnson grass and other
native grasses in and around cotton fields in Dallas County. (McQueen).

FOREST, ORNAMENTAL AND SHADE TREE INSECTS

BARK BEETLES - CALIFORNIA - Phloeosinus cupressi larvae and adults heavy in
juniper trees in Salinas, Monterey County, and on Monterey cypress in Santa Cruz,
Santa Cruz County. (Cal. Coop. Rpt., Mar. 26). Dendroctonus brevicomis (western
pine beetle) and Ips spp. (engraver beetles) damaging ponderosa and Jeffrey pine
tree stands in Rattlesnake Road area, Sequoia National Forest. About 150 trees
killed in groups up to 24 along road, Increasing damage noted. (R. D. Greenborn,
USFS), Ips spp. causing severe top damage to ponderosa pine trees in 10-acre
area at Dawn area in Sierra National Forest resulting from thinning. (J. P.
Harlan, USFS). D. brevicomis, Ips spp. and D, valens (red turpentine beetle)
killing about 40 ponderosa pines in area of Old Quincy Ranger Station in Plumas
County; trees to be felled and treated. (USFS). Ips confusus (California five-
spined ips) medium to heavy on Aleppo and Monterey pines in San Marcos, San Diego
County. (Cal..Coop. Rpt.).

WEEVILS - NORTH CAROLINA - Adults, primarily Hylobius pales (pales weevil),
caused considerable damage to several hundred acres of pine seedling in Brunswick
and Columbus Counties. Adults, thought to be overwintering forms, began feeding
on pines in early March, Damage occurred primarily to seedlings in mineral soils
and not in organic soils. (H. J. Greene). :

PINE BARK APHID (Pineus strobi) - DELAWARE - Fairly numerous on small white pine
plantings in northern Kent County. (MacCreary). MARYLAND - Adults actively
laying eggs on white pines at College Park, Prince Georges County. (U. Md.,
Ent. Dept.).

PINE NEEDLE SCALE (Phenacaspis pinifoliae) - FLORIDA - Generally infesting 25
pine trees in nursery at Davie, Broward County. (Shirah, Dowling, Mar. 23).
OHIO -- Several heavy infestations noted near Doylestown, Wayne County. (Rings).

= 305 —

JUNIPER WEBWORM (Dichomeris marginella) - NORTH CAROLINA - Infested juniper in
Wake County. (Robertson, Mar. 12).

A JUNIPER TWIG MOTH (Periploca nigra) - CALIFORNIA - Heavy and damaging junipers
in Hayward, Alameda County. Active early this year and widespread. (Cal. Coop.
Rpt.).

EASTERN TENT CATERPILLAR (Malacosoma americanum) - NORTH CAROLINA - Hatched on
wild cherry near Wilmington, New Hanover County, March 24, Small webs reported
on crab apple trees in Wake County by April 2. (J. E. Green, R. Council).

A LYONETIID MOTH (Bucculatrix albertiella) - CALIFORNIA - Eggs, larvae and pupae
medium on California live oak trees in San Diego, San Diego County. (Cal. Coop.
Rpt.).

BOXELDER BUG (Leptocoris trivittatus) - COLORADO - Adults numerous in flight
along streams in foothills in Larimer County. (Vandermark) .

A WHITEFLY (Aleuroplatus coronatus) - CALIFORNIA - Medium on oaks in Oroville,
Butte County. (CaleRCoopeaRpD ED rE

A PHYCITID MOTH (Acrobasis grossbecki) - FLORIDA - Larvae on leaves of Pyracantha
sp. at Panama City, Bay County (Albritton), and on Pyracantha sp. at Jackson-—
ville, Duval County (King, Mar. 24).

ROSE APHID (Macrosiphum rosae) - ARIZONA - Moderate to heavy on roses in Yuma,
Maricopa and Pinal Counties. (Ariz. Coop. Sur.). IDAHO - Active on roses in
Caldwell, Canyon County. (Bechtolt, Mar. 5), ALABAMA - Light to medium in Lee
County; increasing somewhat slower than other aphid species. (McQueen) .

APHIDS - ARIZONA - Aphis nerii (oleander aphid) very heavy on oleanders in Yuma
County and in Phoenix area of Maricopa County. (Ariz. Coop. Sur.). NEW MEXICO -

Cinara tujafilina very abundant on arborvitae in Las Cruces area, Dona Ana County.
(N.M. Coop. Rpt.). ALABAMA - Aphis spiraecola (spirea aphid) populations continue
heavy on all varieties of spirea in Lee County. (McQueen). FLORIDA - Acyrthosi-
phon pisum (pea aphid) severe on periwinkle at Plant City, Hillsborough County.
(Custead, Mar. 26). GEORGIA - Unspecified species heavy on weeping willow and
crapemyrtle in Fulton County. (Woodliff, Mar. 26).

AZALEA LACE BUG (Stephanitis pyrioides) - ALABAMA - Early, light damage observed
on several isolated azalea plants in Lee County. (Doughty, Ledbetter, Baskin,
@t HLS) 5

WHITEFLIES - FLORIDA - Adults of Dialeurodes citri (citrus whitefly) severe on
leaves of gardenia at Palatka, Putnam County, (Witherington, Mar. 24), and severe
on gardenia and Viburnum odoratissimum at Gainesville, Alachua County, (Mead,
Mar. 28). ALABAMA - Tetraleurodes mori (mulberry whitefly) nymphs caused consid-
erable defoliation of laurelcherry in Lee County. Adults of unspecified species
increased noticeably on gardenia and laurelcherry in same area. (McQueen) .

UTAH - Unspecified species heavy on house plants in home at Logan, Cache County.
(Knowlton, Mar. 30).

A PSYLLID (Pachypsylla celtidisgemma) - COLORADO - Adults emerging from hackberry
at Fort Collins, Larimer County. (Thatcher).

COCCIDS - OREGON - Saissetia oleae (black scale) attacked leaves of oleander in
Benton County greenhouse. (Larson). CALIFORNIA - Aspidiotus lataniae (an armored
scale) heavy on Agave sp. nursery stock in Santa Ana, Orange County. Eriococcus
coccineus (a dactylopiid scale) medium on cactus nursery stock in Santa Rosa,
Sonoma County. Parlatoria oleae (olive scale) heavy on Heteromeles arbutifolia

in Willows, Glenn County. (Cal. Coop. Rpt.). PENNSYLVANIA - Cryptococcus fagi
(beech scale) heavy on American beech near Moosic, Lackawanna County. Det. by

= 306 —

G. B. Sleesman. (Jeffery). Also collected on beech in Pike, Monroe and Wayne
Counties. (Sleesman). Lepdiosaphes ulmi (oystershell scale) and Lecanium
nigrofasciatum (terrapin Scale) heavy on red maples near Moosic, Lackawanna
County. (Jeffery). NORTH CAROLINA - Ceroplastes sp. (a wax scale) infested
Chinese holly in Johnston County. (Robertson). SOUTH CAROLINA - Fiorinia theae
(tea scale) unusually abundant on camellia and Burford holly in Clemson area.
(Nettles et al., Mar. 30). GEORGIA - Toumeyella sp. (a soft scale) heavy on
dogwood tree in De Kalb County. (Tippins, Mar. 19). FLORIDA —- All stages of
Asterolecanium pustulans (a pit scale) severe on stem of Leucophyllum texanum

in nursery at Miami, Dade County.(Herrmann, Mar. 23). This is a new host record
for Florida Division of Plant Industry. (Fla. Coop. Sur.). Pinnaspis strachani
(an armored scale) adults scattered and moderate and Howardia biclavis (mining
scale) severe on Leucophyllum texanum in nursery at Miami. Eucalymnatus
tessellatus (a soft scale) moderate on leaves of Rhapis excelsa and adults of
Aspidiotus palmae severe on leaves of Bromelia spp. in nursery at Miami.
(Herrmann, Mar. 26). Aspidiotus destructor (coconut scale) moderate on leaves of
Eugenia paniculata in nursery at Davie, Broward County. (Shirah, Dowling,

Mar. 23). Saissetia hemisphaerica (hemispherical scale) severe on leaves of
queen sago-palm in nursery at Tampa, Hillsborough County. (Hale, Mar. 23).

NATIVE HOLLY LEAF MINER (Phytomyza ilicicola) - MARYLAND - Heavy mining observed
on several American holly trees at College Park, Prince Georges County. (U. Md.,
Ent. Dept.).

SPIDER MITES (Tetranychus spp.) - ALABAMA - Multiplying very rapidly; previously
damaged azaleas, laurelcherry and some perennial flowering plants in Lee County.
(McQueen). ARIZONA - Infestations on hollyhocks and other ornamentals abundant

in Maricopa and Pinal Counties. (Ariz. Coop. Sur.). CALIFORNIA - T. merganser

medium on privet in Placentia, Orange County. (Cal. Coop. Rpt.). ~

GARDEN SYMPHYLAN (Scutigerella immaculata) - OREGON - Heavy and damaging nursery
planting of dogwood and white birch in Multnomah County. (Nicolaison).

INSECTS AFFECTING MAN AND ANIMALS

MOSQUITOES - FLORIDA - Anopheles crucians abundant near light in Gainesville
area, Alachua County. (Esser). NORTH CAROLINA - Aedes canadensis larvae present
in puddles around Charlotte, Mecklenburg County. (Ashton). COLORADO - No
mosquito larvae found when sampling breeding areas at Fort Collins, Larimer
County. (Thatcher). UTAH - Mosquito larvae present in northern section of State,
(Knowlton).

CATTLE GRUBS (Hypoderma spp.) - NORTH DAKOTA - Averaged 5 per animal; 60 percent
of untreated animals infested. Numbers appear lower than in 1963 and 1964,
(Noetzel). OKLAHOMA - Adults of H. lineatum (common cattle grub) moderate to
heavy on and around cattle in Comanche County. (Okla. Coop. Sur.). NORTH
CAROLINA - H. bovis (northern cattle grub) ranged 0-12 in backs of 5 untreated
cattle and zero in 7 other animals examined in

Brucehe (ons e me Ooi Buncombe County. Det. by W. G.

S SOT

STATUS OF THE SCREW-WORM (Cochliomyia hominivorax) IN THE SOUTHWEST

No screw-worm cases were reported from the Southwestern Eradication Area and no
cases were reported from any other State in the United States during the period
March 28-April 3. The Republic of Mexico reported 45 cases from Sonora, 2 each
from Tamaulipas and Puebla, 4 each from San Luis Potosi and Durango, one each
from Coahuila and Nuevo Leon, and 8 from Chihuahua. Total of 166,250 sterile
flies released in Texas and 83,990,000 in Mexico,

Ratio of Positive Cases

Positive Cases Negative Cases to 100 Cases Negative
Year Current Cumulative Current Cumulative Current Cumulative
Table 1. Comparison of specimens reported during corresponding weeks in

1963 and 1964 in Southwestern Eradication Area.

1963 61 243 277 835 22.02 29.10

1964 5 12 230 93m PA ALY) 1,28

1965 0 4 45 615 0.00 -65
Table 2. Comparison of specimens reported during corresponding weeks and

in a corresponding area in 1964 in the United States-Mexico
Barrier Zone.*

1964 20 180 53 247 37.73 72,87
1965 57 572 34 367 167.64 155.85

Table 2A, Mexican portion of Barrier Zone only.

1964 16 167 20 71 80.00 235,21
1965 57 570 17 222 335,29 256.75

* Barrier Zone - Area in which screw-worm eradication operations are being
carried out in an effort to prevent establishment of self-sustaining screw-
worm population in the United States. (Anim. Dis. Erad. Div.).

HORN FLY (Haematobia irritans) - GEORGIA - Averaged 0.3 per animal on untreated
herd in Spalding County. (Roberts).

SHEEP KED (Melophagus ovinus) - COLORADO - Reported abundant across State.
(Hantsbarger) .

CATTLE LICE - GEORGIA - Linognathus vituli (long-nosed cattle louse) and
Solenopotes capillatus averaged 4,5 per square inch on cattle in Spalding County
and 0.4 per square inch in Putnam County, March 16 and 18. Same two species, with
S. capillatus predominant, averaged 7.7 per square inch on untreated herds in
Spalding County and 2.3 per square inch in Putnam County, March 30. (Roberts).
OKLAHOMA - Several species moderate on cattle in Comanche County. (Okla. Coop.
Sur.). NORTH DAKOTA - L. vituli averaged 1 per hair part and Haematopinus
eurysternus (short-nosed cattle louse) averaged 9 per hair part on untreated
feeder steers at Dickinson, Stark County. Bovicola bovis (cattle biting louse)
light to severe at several locations over State. (Noetzel).

TICKS - OKLAHOMA - Ixodes scapularis (black-legged tick) light on dog in Tulsa
County and Amblyomma americanum (lone star tick) light on dog in Mayes County.
(Okla, Coop. Sur.). NORTH DAKOTA - All stages of Rhipicephalus sanguineus
(brown dog tick) were severe in home at Christmas time. (Noetzel).

- 308 =

CAT FLEA (Ctenocephalides felis) - MINNESOTA - Continued troublesome in
Minneapolis home after death of cat last fall. (Minn. Ins. Rpt., Mar. 29).

A CHIGGER (Eutrombicula sp.) =~ OKLAHCMA - Adult found in Wagoner County; first
report of season. (Okla. Coop. Sur.).

A BROWN SPIDER (Loxosceles reclusa) - OKLAHOMA - Extremely large population
found in garage in Cleveland County. (Okla. Coop. Sur.).

HOUSEHOLD AND STRUCTURAL INSECTS

COCKROACHES - WYOMING - Adult female of Supella supellectilium (brown—banded
cockroach) collected in building in Laramie, Albany County. (Lawson). MISSOURI -
Several species reported infesting homes in Boone County. (Houser).

ALABAMA - Heavy infestations reported in Lee County. Blattella germanica (German
cockroach) most numerous. Periplaneta americana (American cockroach) and S,
supellectilium of lesser importance, (Walters, Duckett, et al.). aS

CLOVER MITE (Bryobia praetiosa) - NEW JERSEY - A household pest. (Ins.-Dis.
Newsltr., Apr. 2). DELAWARE - Numerous home infestations reported in New Castle
County. (MacCreary), MARYLAND - Very numerous about foundation of home in
Carrollton, Prince Georges County. (U. Md., Ent. Dept.). SOUTH CAROLINA -
Extremely numerous in home in Anderson County. (Nettles et al., Mar. 23).

UTAH - Entering homes in Provo-Spanish Fork area of Utah County and Ogden-Taylor
area of Weber County. Active on lawns and entering homes at North Logan, Cache
County. (Knowlton). IDAHO - Very heavy in home at Caldwell, Canyon County.
(Bechtolt) .

BANDED HICKORY BORER (Chion cinctus) - NORTH CAROLINA - Adults found in home in
Mecklenburg County. Det. by D. A. Mount. (Hutchcraft, Mar. 25).

A CERAMBYCID BEETLE (Euderces pini) - NORTH CAROLINA - Adults found in woodwork
of home in Sampson County. Det. by D. A. Mount. (Peterson, Margan, Mar. 24).

SOUTHERN LYCTUS BEETLE (Lyctus planicollis) - ALABAMA - Isolated severe infesta-
tion in ash lumber at mill in Florala, Covington County. Further infestations
expected. (Stephenson).

FALSE WIREWORMS (Eleodes spp.) - IDAHO - A nuisance in basement at Nampa, Canyon
County. (Bechtolt, Mar. 4).

SMALLER EUROPEAN ELM BARK BEETLE (Scolytus multistriatus) - NEBRASKA - Found in
residence in Douglas County in March. Rhine).

BOXELDER BUG (Leptocoris trivittatus) - UTAH - Active, but not numerous, about
homes at North _Logan, Cache County. (Knowlton). PENNSYLVANIA - Nuisance in home
in Harrisburg. (Jeffery).

CLUSTER FLY (Pollenia rudis) - UTAH - Entered homes in communities in northern
part of State. Numerous at North Logan, Cache County. (Knowlton) WISCONSIN -
Inquiries received and specimens reported. (Wis. Ins. Sur.).

INDIAN-MEAL MOTH (Plodia interpunctella) - PENNSYLVANIA - Present in home in
Erie County. (Adams).

SUBTERRANEAN TERMITES (Reticulitermes spp.) - MARYLAND - Winged forms swarming
in Prince Georges and Somerset Counties. (U. Md., Ent. Dept.). UTAH - R.
hesperus (western subterranean termite) damaging additional home at Logan,
Cache County. (Knowlton),

TERMITES - COLORADO - Winged forms emerging in Fort Collins, Larimer County.
(Hantsbarger). NEW JERSEY - Swarming and causing inquiries. (Ins.-Dis. Newsltr.,
April 2).

= 309 =

ANTS - NORTH CAROLINA - Acanthomyops interjectus (larger yellow ant) swarmed in
basement of home in Caldwell County. Mount, Mar. 26). MISSOURI - Unspecified
species active in homes in Boone County. (Houser). OREGON - Prenolepis imparis
winged adults emerged from ground in large numbers in western section. (Larson).

A CLUBIONID SPIDER (Cheiracanthium mildei) - OHIO - Recently appeared in Columbus,
Franklin County. (Gertsch, Knull).

STORED-PRODUCT INSECTS

POTATO TUBERWORM (Gnorimoschema operculellum) - MARYLAND - Infested seed potatoes
in building at Mechanicsville, St. Marys County. (U. Md., Ent. Dept.). DELAWARE-
Heavy in farm storage in Sussex County. (Boys).

CADELLE (Tenebroides mauritanicus) - NEBRASKA - Boring into sides of farm grain
bin in Cedar County. (Rhine).

A SPIDER BEETLE (Ptinus sp.) - INDIANA - Light in fruit cellar where onions,
potatoes and flower bulbs stored in Chesterton, Porter County. (Matthew).

BENEFICIAL INSECTS

LADY BEETLES - NEVADA - Heavy in alfalfa in Churchill and Douglas Counties,
(York). ILLINOIS - Hippodamia convergens (convergent lady beetle) and H.
parenthesis adults averaged less than 0.5 per 100 sweeps in alfalfa in Southeast
and southwest districts. (Ill. Ins. Rpt.).

GREEN LACEWINGS (Chrysopa spp.) - COLORADO - Adults reported in flight. Attracted
to lights in Fort Collins, Larimer County. (Simpson).

PARASITIC HYMENOPTERONS - ARKANSAS - Becoming active. Parasitized aphids found
in few instances where aphids present. (Ark. Ins. Sur.).

MISCELLANEOUS INSECTS

GIANT WATER BUG (Lethocerus americanus) - ALABAMA - Unusual heavy emergence of
adults attracted to lights at home in Elmore County. (Morriss). GEORGIA -
Numerous specimens submitted for determination. (Coleman) .

A PHANTOM MIDGE (Chaoborus annulatus) - FLORIDA - Collected at light in Gaines-—
ville, Alachua County. (Esser) .

AN ANT (Paratrechina melanderi) - CALIFORNIA - Medium on concrete pavement in
Chico, Butte County. This is a new county record, Previously known in Imperial
County. (Cal. Coop. Rpt.).

VESPID WASPS - UTAH - Active in Salt Lake City, Salt Lake County; Provo, Utah
County; Ogden, Weber County; and in Cache County. (Knowlton).

A SCARAB (Aphodius distinctus) - IDAHO - This and 2 other species collected at
soil surface in potato field at Mountain Home, Elmore County. (Edwards).

CORRECTIONS

CEIR 15(13) 243 - A CRYPTOPHAGID MOTH (Pharaxonotha zamiae) should read A
CRYPTOPHAGID BEETLE (Pharaxonotha zamiae)

CEIR 15(13) :244 -— COCCIDS - Lines 19 and 20 - Conchaspis argraeci should read
Conchaspis angraeci....

= 310 -

CEIR 15(13):247 - LARGER YELLOW ANT (Acnathomyops interjectus) should read
(Acanthomyops interjectus) ...

CEIR 15(13) :266 - STRIPED CUCUMBER BEETLE (Acalymma vittata) should read
(Acalymma vittatum)

CEIR 15(13) :269 —- STRAWBERRY WEEVIL (Anthomomus signatus) should read (Anthonomus
signatus) iF;

CEIR 15(14):279 - Brachyrhinus ovatus (strawberry weevil) should read B. ovatus
(strawberry root weevil).

LIGHT TRAP COLLECTIONS

311

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Report on Survival of Boll Weevil as Determined by Surface Trash
Examinations During the Spring - 1965

Spring collections of surface ground (woods) trash samples (two square yards per
sample) have been completed in four Southern States and in three counties of
Alabama. Wherever possible, samples were taken from the same locations that
were sampled in the fall of 1964. The number of live boll weevil (Anthonomus
grandis) adults per acre of ground trash examined and the percent survival

are reported in the following paragraphs. For details of the fall (1964)
hibernation survey in these five States, see CEIR 15(1):10-12.

In NORTH and SOUTH CAROLINA, samples were taken during the period March 9-18

in the same three representative areas in which fall examinations were made in
1964. In each area, a total of 30 locations (farm sites) was sampled with 3
samples from each location. The areas are as follows: South central South
Carolina (Orangeburg, Dorchester and Bamberg Counties), Coastal Plain of South
and North Carolina (Florence, Darlington and Marlboro Counties, S.C., and
Scotland County, N.C.), and north central North Carolina (Nash, Wilson, Franklin
and Edgecombe Counties). The average number of live weevils per acre in these
areas was 1,855, 10,164 and 1,371, respectively. The percent survival for these
areas was 24.2, 66.9 and 41.4, respectively. The percent survival was lowest

in south central South Carolina and was highest in the Coastal Plain of South
and North Carolina. In Florence County, South Carolina, an average of 14,795
weevils per acre was found for the spring of 1965 with a winter survival of

83.1 percent. The number of weevils surviving in Florence County is 5.7 times
the number surviving in 1964. (Taft, Hopkins).

Spring trash examinations were made in ALABAMA from March 1 to April 2 in 3 of
the 4 counties surveyed in the fall of 1964. Examinations in Dallas County are
to be completed at a later date. The number of live weevils per acre in the

3 counties completed was 162 in Morgan County, 3,230 in Henry County and 1,080
in Tuscaloosa County. Survival counts are considerably higher than in 1964.
The more important observation is that an average of 162 live weevils survived
per acre of surface trash in Morgan County, compared with zero in 1964.

Collections were started on February 24 in MISSISSIPPI and all examinations
were completed on March 11, Three samples were taken from each location and
either 7 or 8 locations were sampled in each county. Four counties made up
each area and the State was divided into four areas as follows: Area 1 - lower
delta (Sharkey, Issaquena, Yazoo and Humphreys Counties); Area 2 - central
delta (Washington, Bolivar, Sunflower and Leflore Counties); Area 3 - north
delta (Coahoma, Tunica, Quitman and Panola Counties); Area 4 - hill section
(Holmes, Madison, Noxubee and Monroe Counties). Ninety samples were taken from
a total of 30 locations in each of the four areas. The average number of
weevils found per acre in Areas 1, 2, 3 and 4 was 1,129, 1,640, 296 and 914,
respectively. The State average was 995 compared with 289 in 1964, 13 in 1963,
1,132 in 1962, 1,246 in 1961, 821 in 1960, 464 in 1959, and 392 in 1958. The
percent survival in Areas 1, 2, 3 and 4 was 17.80, 31.28, 8.73 and 30.91,
respectively. The State average (percent survival) was 22.19 compared with
9.68 in 1964, 0.2 in 1963, 13.59 in 1962, 8.59 in 1961, 16.23 in 1960, 12.22

in 1959 and 6.65 in 1958. (Pfrimmer).

In central TEXAS, spring collections were made March 4-11. Three samples were
taken from each location and 6 or 7 locations were sampled in each county. The
average number of weevils found per acre in Falls, Hill, Limestone and McLennan
Counties in the spring of 1965 was 3,629, 3,360, 5,502 and 6,785, respectively,
with an area average of 4,925. This compares with 2,285, 2,957, 5,502 and
6,640 found in these respective counties in the fall of 1964, with an average
of 4,406 weevils per acre for the area. The survival percent was 100. This
compares with survival counts of 31.1, 33.7, 33.1, 25.4 and 18.8 percent in
March of 1960, 1961, 1962, 1963 and 1964, respectively. The increase in numbers
of boll weevil entering hibernation in the fall of 1964 was due primarily to
late stalk destruction and farm cleanup. This resulted in more weevils being

= oils}

found in the fall inspections than in the previous 4 years. The indicated
spring survival was extremely high. More weevils were found in the spring of
1965 than in any year since trash examinations were started. More weevils were
found in Hill, Falls and McLennan Counties in the spring of 1965 than in the
fall of 1964. The same number of weevils was found in Limestone County this
spring as were found last fall. (Cowan).

BOLL WEEVIL SURVIVAL SURVEYS -— SPRING 1965

Number of Weevils

Per Acre

Area (County and State)
NORTH and SOUTH CAROLINA
South Central South Carolina (Orangeburg, Bamberg and

Dorchester Counties) 753 1b, eh53)
Coastal Plain of South and North Carolina (Florence,

Darlington and Marlboro Counties, S.C.; Scotland

County, N.C.) 2,742 10,164
North Central North Carolina (Franklin, Nash, Wilson

and Edgecombe Counties) 107 Weil
ALABAMA (incomplete)
Henry County 537 3,230
Tuscaloosa County 81 1,080
Morgan County (0) 162
MISSISSIPPI
Lower Delta (Sharkey, Issaquena, Yazoo and Humphreys

Counties (area 1)) 753 1,129
Central Delta (Washington, Bolivar, Sunflower and

Leflore Counties (area 2)) 108 1,640
North Delta (Coahoma, Tunica, Quitman and Panola

Counties (area 3)) 188 296
Hill Section (Holmes, Madison, Noxubee and Monroe

Counties (area 4)) 108 914
TEXAS
Central (Falls, Hill, Limestone and McLennan Counties) 97 4,925

See map on following page.

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SUMMARY OF INSECT CONDITIONS IN THE UNITED STATES - 1964
(continued from page 296)

INSECTS AFFECTING MAN AND ANIMALS

Highlights

MOSQUITOES and other FLIES were the major causes of annoyance to man and animals
throughout the Nation. Mosquitoes caused particular apprehension in States
reporting encephalitis cases even though the numbers and annoyance levels were
reduced owing to drought. Rainfall deficiency did not appreciably reduce the
annoyance level in some areas, however. Man-created environments such as catch
basins, lagoons and other water-holding structures provided breeding places
where natural water was low or absent. Natural water in the form of snow pools,
tidewater and stream flooding was a factor in controlling populations of
mosquitoes. FACE FLY was reported in Montana and Alabama for the first time in
1964. Difficulty with the pest was greatest in States where it has been
established for a number of years. States along the western limit of known
distribution (see map page 319) continued to have few or no problems with face
fly. HORN FLY was locally heavy in nearly every State reporting this pest.
STABLE FLY and CATTLE GRUBS caused considerable difficulty on both dairy and
beef cattle over the Nation. Reports of high cattle grub activity in Indiana
during the summer of 1964 indicate that grubs will again be heavy. during the
winter of 1964-65. The SCREW-WORM eradication efforts in Southwestern United
States have been remarkably sucessful. The incidence of screw-worm infested
cattle has been reduced 99.9 percent in the 5-State area undergoing sterile
screw-worm drops. TICKS, primarily AMERICAN DOG TICK and BROWN DOG TICK, caused
considerable concern throughout the Nation but there were no cases of diseases
transmitted by these two species reported. A CANARY LUNG MITE (Sternostoma
tracheacolum) is apparently more prevalent in California and in 1964 caused
several losses in that State. CATTLE LICE required constant attention to keep
populations low on cattle. BLACK WIDOW SPIDER and a BROWN SPIDER (Loxosceles
reclusa) were reported more frequently than in the past. L. reclusa was
reported for the first time in one new parish in Louisiana and two counties

in Illinois during 1964.

MOSQUITOES, mainly snow pool Aedes spp., were generally heavy throughout MAINE,
Spring flood pools in VERMONT had normal populations of Culex spp. and Aedes spp.
but spring flood lands did not materilaize to the normal extent and floodwater
mosquitoes were not so abundant as in wetter years. Adult mosquitoes persisted
at annoyance levels most of the summer in Vermont. The usual spring abundance
of mosquitoes was noted in RHODE ISLAND. Some decline occurred during the
summer dry period and fall activity was negligible in Rhode Island. Mosquitoes
in CONNECTICUT were variable due to dry spells and they were less abundant than
usual in PENNSYLVANIA. Despite the deficiency in rainfall (more-than an 11-
inch departure from the long-term mean) in DELAWARE, several periods of mosquito
annoyance were evident during July and August. In Kent and Sussex Counties,
flooding of the salt marshes by tides produced several large broods of SALT-
MARSH MOSQUITO (Aedes sollicitans). In New Castle County, heavy showers were
sufficient to cause emergence of floodwater species, especially A. vexans, and
pools along flood plains, in ditches, catch basins and other places remained
long enough in some areas for Culex spp. to emerge. Culex spp. became a problem
in a number of areas in Delaware where food processing plants use lagoons or
open fields to dispose of wash water. Outbreak numbers of salt-marsh mosquito
were present on the lower Eastern Shore of MARYLAND during June and July but

it was not the usual problem in late summer. Aedes spp. and Culex spp. were
common and annoying at times during the season in several areas of Anne

Arundel and Price Georges Counties, Maryland. Salt-marsh mosquito and Aedes
taeniorhynchus increased rapidly along the coast of NORTH CAROLINA during the

Ss aly &

week of July 19. Three hundred larvae per dip were recorded in one area of
Pamlico County; however, mosquito populations were only moderate throughout
the season in North Carolina.

There were 4 confirmed cases of arthropod-—borne encephalitis in humans in
FLORIDA in 1964. All 4 cases were due to eastern encephalitis virus; 2 cases
were fatal. From January through November, 111 cases of equine encephalitis
were reported to the Florida State Board of Health as indicated by the board's
monthly animal morbidity report. The year 1964 showed an upswing in the
irregular epizootic cycles of eastern encephalitis virus in horses. The last
major peak in Florida was in 1957 when 386 cases were reported in horses. In
the Tampa Bay area, there were 68 cases of St. Louis encephalitis in 1959; 25 in
1961 and 222 in 1962. There have been no cases confirmed since that time.
Serological surveys of humans in the Tampa Bay area who were not known to have
encephalitis, form the basis for estimating that 55,000 persons have had a
"silent" or inapparent infection with the St. Louis encephalitis virus. The
actual percentages of the affected population ranges from 3 percent in the
Bradenton-Sarasota area to 8-12 percent in the Clearwater-St. Petersburg area.
Sentinel chickens used in bait traps since February 1963 failed to give any
evidence of infection with St. Louis encephalitis virus in the ensuing period
in the Tampa Bay area. Serological studies of chicken blood are necessary to
detect evidence of the disease. Mosquitoes collected by all methods used by
the Board of Health personnel in the Tampa Bay area during 1964 totaled 234,239
specimens. Of this total, 133,724 were Culex nigripalpus; 16,135 were Aedes
infirmatus; 8,368 were Anopheles crucians; 5,411 were Culiseta melanura and
3,430 were Aedes atlanticus/tormentor. These named species all yielded virus
isolations at certain times during 1964. The monthly combined totals for all
species became greatest in July, August and September with the yearly peak
occurring in September.

Various mosquito species and Musca domestica (house fly) continued to be the
major insect problem to humans in ALABAMA. Salt-marsh mosquito, and other
mosquitoes, were constant pests during the summer months from the coastal area
to the Tennessee Valley. Although present throughout Alabama, most real concern
about mosquitoes developed in the coastal areas of Mobile and Baldwin Counties
and extended generally along rivers where large bodies of water are impounded.
The constant annoyance of mosquitoes invading homes and recreational buildings
and outdoor areas during the summer was statewide and not necessarily just in
main stream or impounded lake areas of Alabama. Mosquito populations were much
lower than the outbreak numbers of 1963 in LOUISIANA. Annoying populations of
several species developed in some areas during the year. Aedes vexans,

A. infirmatus, Psorophora ciliata and P. ferox were especially abundant following
Hurricane Hilda in early October. 7

Several species of mosquitoes were reported from most areas of TEXAS and OKLAHOMA.
In the latter State, populations were extremely heavy in many areas. Dominant
species in Payne County, Oklahoma, were Culex tarsalis, COMMON MALARIA MOSQUITO
(Anopheles quadrimaculatus) and Psorophora confinnis. Many species were still
active in November in Oklahoma. Mosquitoes drew more attention than normal in
KANSAS due to concern about encephalitis. The usual SOUTHERN HOUSE MOSQUITO
(Culex pipiens quinquefasciatus) and C. tarsalis populations were present.
Adult and larval surveys conducted at recreational lake areas in the southern
half of MISSOURI indicated low mosquito populations. This was due to the low
water level which restricted the number of favorable breeding sites at these
lakes. Mosquitoes were reported in several areas of ILLINOIS by May 20.
Populations apparently remained high throughout the season. A few cases of
encephalitis were reported in both humans and horses in Illinois.

In OHIO, the Toledo Area Sanitary District reported the most important
mosquito species in decreasing order of importance were Culex pipiens, Aedes
vexans, C. restuans, C. territans, A. triseriatus and A. stimulans. Lower than

usual mosquito numbers were present in MICHIGAN in the spring. A generally low

=o 18ii—

water table was considered responsible. Aedes spp. and Culex spp. caused
annoyance over Michigan during periods in the summer. Mosquitoes, primarily
Aedes vexans, were troublesome near the end of May in WISCONSIN but they became
less bothersome late in the summer. Some increase occurred in the fall but not
so much as in previous years.

Larval mosquito collections in the Minneapolis-St. Paul area of MINNESOTA in the
first half of May included Aedes vexans plus several other early spring species
such as Aedes cinereus, A. excrucians, A. canadensis, A, fitchii and A. abserratus.
Adults of Culiseta inornata and a few A, vexans occurred May 17. Heavy emergence
from flooded rivers in the Minneapolis-St. Paul area occurred about May 24,
FLOODWATER MOSQUITO (A. sticticus), a species that breeds in floodwater plains,
increased in importance in early June although A. vexans continued to be predom-
inant both in light trap and bite collections. Mansonia perturbans, a cattail
and sedge swamp breeder, began to appear in the latter part of June and continued
troublesome through July and into August. Flooding rains in June in the Valley
of the Red River of the North brought on tremendous populations of mosquitoes

and numerous inquiries from municipalities on control measures. A population
peak comprised mainly of A. vexans occurred July 22 in the Minneapolis-St. Paul
area as indicated by light trap collections. Cool temperatures beginning in mid-
August reduced mosquito activity. Heavy rains produced a moderate brood which
emerged over the Labor Day weekend. Control efforts of the 6-county Metropolitan
Mosquito Control District during the season were generally quite successful in
keeping the mosquito nuisance at a low level. The noticeable exception was the
movement into the district of mosquitoes developing on the flood plains of the
St. Croix, Mississippi and Minnesota Rivers.

Mosquitoes were abundant over NORTH DAKOTA. Aedes vexans and A. dorsalis were

the dominant species. A. nigromaculis was abundant in Some western areas.
Mosquitoes caused considerable discomfort to humans and livestock in North Dakota.
Mosquitoes were annoying to livestock and humans in COLORADO where Aedes spp.,
Culex spp. and Anopheles spp. were involved. Mosquito populations remained
approximately the same in WYOMING as those found in 1963. Considerable annoyance
was inflicted on man and other animals by the presence and feeding activity of
these pests. Only moderate success was realized from control measures applied

by some cities and towns in Wyoming. Mosquitoes were more abundant in the spring
and early summer than normal in UTAH; they were numerous in many areas of NEVADA
also, but populations were below the 1963 level which was the heaviest in 5 years,

Catches of greater than 15 Culex tarsalis adults per night were noted in 2
mosquito abatement areas in Tehama and Glenn Counties of CALIFORNIA, Adult
occurrences of all mosquito species were noted to be greater than 15 per night
in Tehama, Glenn and Colusa Counties. Aedes nigromaculis developed enormous
numbers in flooded pastures in Grant County, WASHINGTON, by late June. For the
second consecutive year, mosquitoes continued to bite until early August in
ALASKA instead of diminishing in mid-June as they have for years in the south
central area,

FACE FLY (Musca autumnalis) was found in MONTANA for the first time in 1964.
Face fly was expected to cause much annoyance to livestock in WYOMING after
having come into the State in 1961 but it has not yet become a problem. A few
unconfirmed reports were received in 1964, but no collections of this species
were made in Wyoming. This was an annoying pest of livestock in COLORADO. It
was present in normal numbers in KANSAS. Some damage and problems were encoun-
tered in NEBRASKA on cattle; however, the infestations and problems did not
appear to be so severe as the 1961, 1962 and 1963 seasons. Early populations of
face fly in SOUTH DAKOTA were generally quite light with a gradual increase of
adults in midseason, During the last half of the grazing season, fly populations
became quite high and caused discomfort to cattle in feedlots and on the range.
Face fly numbers were down in NORTH DAKOTA from the past few years.

= alt) &

DISTRIBUTION OF FACE FLY

Prepared in Survey and Detection Operations

Plant Pest Control Division

Agricultural Research Service, USDA

December 31, 1964

Face fly activity was observed in WISCONSIN in mid-May. It was soon troublesome
in Sauk and Grant Counties and later over most of the State. Face fly was
particularly troublesome in Bayfield and Ashland Counties, reportedly causing
blindness in some cattle. Reports of activity in Wisconsin were received until
late September. The first specimens of the season in ILLINOIS were observed on
cattle in Mercer County May 5. Populations were rather low through June and
July, usually varying 0-7 per face, The heaviest populations of the season were
observed August 3-6 when numbers in the northern half of Illinois were 0-67
(average 14.5) per face with many flies clustered on the backs and sides of the
animals in the most heavily infested herds. Overwintering populations in INDIANA
gave indications of high summer numbers during 1964 but these highs did not
materialize and face fly numbers remained very low until early September when
they reached highs of 30-35 per head. Face fly remainded at this level for only
2 weeks then dwindled rapidly. High summer face fly populations occurred only
in the eastern half of Indiana, primarily from U.S. Highway 40 northward. Up to
25 or more adults per animal were observed May 3 on backs of dairy animals in
Shiawassee County, MICHIGAN. The exudate caused by Hypoderma spp. (cattle grubs)
served as an attractant. Face fly was relatively low in Michigan on beef and
dairy animals during the summer.

Face fly infestations ranged 0-50 per animal with an estimated average of 20
per animal in GEORGIA. This fly has been found in several additional counties;
the known outer limits of counties infested in Georgia are Polk and Stephens.
Face fly was the only new livestock pest entering ALABAMA for the first time in
1964, It was located in several herds in Cherokee County along the Alabama-
Georgia State line. Sufficient surveys have not been made to determine the
entire infested area in Alabama. Face fly was reported to be a nuisance in a
Yancey County home and a Buncombe County community about January 27 in NORTH
CAROLINA, Populations were about the same as in 1963, which was relatively low.
Face fly is still a problem only in the mountain counties of North Carolina.
Face fly caused considerable irritation to livestock throughout VIRGINIA.
Numbers were somewhat below normal on dairy and beef cattle in the central

= 320) —

counties of MARYLAND. It was present in PENNSYLVANIA but in fewer numbers than
in 1961. Numbers were much lower in NEW YORK than they were in 1959 and 1961.
The annoyance there was limited by the lack of hot, humid weather. Face fly

was a serious nuisance to heifers in summer pastures in MASSACHUSETTS, In one
instance, blindness resulted and in others, serious eye problems developed. High
face fly populations were noted in all areas of VERMONT, but populations were
generally near the normal level throughout MAINE,

LITTLE HOUSE FLY (Fannia canicularis) adults were "overrunning" a poultry (egg)
house and its neighborhood in Augusta, MAINE, in mid-April.

HOUSE FLY (Musca domestica) was abundant in barns with poor sanitation and poor
insecticide use in NEW YORK, Wherever good insecticide use was practiced,
numbers were low as weather was not conducive to excessive populations in New
York. House fly was less abundant than usual in PENNSYLVANIA. Populations were
at troublesome levels in OHIO throughout the summer. House fly continues to be
a problem in caged layer houses in NORTH CAROLINA and activity in homes was
reported as late as early November in Wake County. House fly was a serious pest
of swine around breeder pens. Populations in LOUISIANA were normal to lower than
usual. House fly activity started during early April in OKLAHOMA but counts did
not become heavy until mid-June. Numbers began to decrease in mid-October but
activity continued until early December, In MISSOURI, this fly was annoying to
man and other animals. It caused the usual complaints in KANSAS where it was
present in normal numbers. Heavy populations were troublesome in farmyards and
feedlot areas in NEBRASKA in August and September. House fly was annoying to
livestock and humans in COLORADO. Populations were especially high in the
southern counties of NEVADA starting in June. High numbers of adults caused
much concern to urban and rural residents in WYOMING in 1964. Large populations
invaded homes, barns and milking parlors in all areas of State, particularly in
late August. In NORTH DAKOTA, populations built up to moderate to heavy in the
southeast.

HORN FLY (Haematobia irritans) followed the usual pattern of building up to
moderate numbers of 100-300 or more per animal on untreated herds in Lower
MICHIGAN, Buildup occurred in the spring and persisted until autumn, Heavy
populations occurred on beef cattle in many counties in southwestern OHIO in
June and July. Populations were much lower in INDIANA in 1964 than during the
preceding year. Even on untreated animals, numbers rarely reached 50 per head
in the central area, Populations were higher in the southern part of Indiana
during late August, reaching 250 per head for a period of one month. Horn. fly
was fairly abundant in ILLINOIS; the highest populations observed were 50-1,000
(average 400) per animal on cattle in the southeast district June 29-July 2.
This was the most troublesome insect on animals in MISSOURI during 1964. Counts
from June to October ranged 200-400 or more per animal on untreated herds in
Missouri. Horn fly was light during the dry summer in ARKANSAS but became heavy
with the advent of August rains. The first seasonal record was February 8 in
dairy barns in southwest. Flies were active on warm days in northwest Arkansas
by late March. Populations in LOUISIANA were about normal although a few heavy
populations were observed in isolated areas.

Horn fly became active in mid-March in OKLAHOMA but remained light until early
May. Populations increased throughout May and June reaching a peak in early
July. Counts declined, remaining at light to moderate levels until heavy popula-
tions again reached a peak in early September. Populations declined by early
October but flies remained active until late November in Oklahoma. Averages
ranged from 25 to 300 per animal throughout the season in NEBRASKA but some
infestations were as high as 1,500 per animal. Early populations were generally
quite light in SOUTH DAKOTA with a gradual increase in numbers in midseason,
During the last half of the grazing season, populations became quite high and
caused discomfort to cattle in feedlots and on the range in South Dakota. Horn
fly was light to moderate in most areas of NORTH DAKOTA,

S By3Il

Horn fly populations were larger than those found in 1963 in WYOMING, causing
considerable annoyance to cattle in all areas, Some control was done with sprayers
and backrubbers, but the population remained large in Wyoming. Horn fly was
annoying to livestock in COLORADO. Infestations in UTAH were lighter than normal
in Iron County. They were about average in NEVADA, but in some areas, infesta-
tions were heavier than normal. Horn fly populations were about normal in
WASHINGTON; this is one of the major pests of cattle in that State.

Horn fly was less annoying than usual in NEW YORK during 1964. It was again a
distinet season-long problem on dairy and beef cattle in all sections of MARYLAND,
In VIRGINIA, this fly appeared quite heavily on herds in one section. Infesta-
tions were light to heavy in GEORGIA where populations of 30 per animal in mid-
April built up to 1,000 per animal in midsummer. There was little change on
cattle in FLORIDA.

STABLE FLY (Stomoxys calcitrans) populations were normal to lower than normal in
LOUISIANA. Average populations persisted in ARKANSAS until heavy August rains
when numbers increased. Stable fly became active in mid-May in OKLAHOMA but
remained low to moderate until early July, when populations began to increase,
Counts were moderate to heavy through July but decreased during August. Heavier
counts were again present during September and October in Oklahoma. Stable fly
began pestering cattle early in KANSAS and continued as a pest until late in the
season. In NEBRASKA, dry conditions held populations at constant levels with
very few extreme fluctuations in numbers occurring; infestations were approxi-
mately 3-35 per animal. This fly ranged light to moderate in most areas of
NORTH DAKOTA. It was approximately normal in abundance and/or annoyance in
UTAH,

Stable fly appeared in early May in WISCONSIN and it was the most numerous fly
species in barns from late May through the summer, Populations in most areas

of ILLINOIS varied 0-8 per animal throughout the season. The one exception was
in the northwest where populations reached 2-120 (average 22,9) per animal on
cattle July 13. Higher populations were encountered in INDIANA during early
summer in the north central area than had been reported in 1963. These popula-
tions dwindled until they were average or below for the remainder of the season,
Stable fly was more troublesome than usual to both man and cattle in several
central and southern sections of MARYLAND. This fly was less annoying than
normal in NEW YORK.

A heavy infestation of COMMON CATTLE GRUB (Hypoderma lineatum) was observed at
Brewer, Penobscot County, MAINE, on a small herd of American bison. Unspecified
CATTLE GRUBS were present throughout NEW YORK in normal numbers; little insecti-
cide use is practiced. NORTHERN CATTLE GRUB (H. bovis) ranged 1-20 per head on
feedlot beeves in Sussex County, DELAWARE, during late March. By mid-April, most
of the grubs of this species had dropped. Common cattle grub adults were noted
in flight by April 17 in Delaware. Common cattle grub averaged 5.8 per animal
on 24 animals checked in Wake County, NORTH CAROLINA, during the latter part of
January. Two H. bovis grubs were found on these animals on February 25 and one
grub on March 18. A Similar group of cattle in the same location in Wake County
averaged 4.9 H. bovis grubs on March 8, 1963. Common cattle grub infestations
were light to moderate in GEORGIA; however, most of the infestations were light.
Beef and dairy cattlemen were more concerned with Hypoderma spp. and Haematobia
irritans (horn fly) than they were with Musca autumnalis (face fly) in ALABAMA.
Better overall control efforts appear to have reduced populations of cattle

grubs and horn fly over the past years in Alabama,

Increased activity during the summer of 1963 in INDIANA was reflected in higher
counts of cattle grubs in the backs of animals during late winter. Reports of
high activity during the summer of 1964 indicate high grub populations will

again occur during the winter of 1964-65. Almost all activity in Indiana was

due to common cattle grub with scattered reports of northern cattle grub as far
south as Dubois County. A high percentage of cattle grubs infesting native cattle
reached maturity in MICHIGAN. These flies left host animals during late May.

= 322 -

The usual population levels of common cattle grub and northern cattle grub
occurred in WASHINGTON. These ranged about 8-10 grubs per head in untreated
herds. Common cattle grub was a problem statewide in NEW MEXICO, especially in
untreated herds. Common cattle grub caused concern in TEXAS, and was light in
ARKANSAS due in part to widespread control measures. Moderate to heavy infesta-
tions of common cattle grub were present in OKLAHOMA from January through mid-
March. Adults were active from mid-March to mid-May. Fall activity in Oklahoma
was first noted in mid-November. Common cattle grub was present in normal
numbers in KANSAS. Moderate populations of Hypoderma spp. were observed in the
backs of cattle in the western part of NORTH DAKOTA in late March and early
April.

BOT FLIES chased cattle in some Wasatch County meadows in UTAH, There was little
change in bot flies on cattle in FLORIDA but there was an increase of Cuterebra
spp. on domestic cats.

HORSE FLIES and DEER FLIES were of minor importance in ALASKA. Deer flies and
horse flies were generally medium in NEVADA, but in several areas they were
heavy. BLACK HORSE FLY (Tabanus atratus) and other horse flies and deer flies
were approximately normal in abundance in UTAH. Horse flies (Tabanus spp.) and
deer flies (Chrysops spp.) were bothersome in WYOMING but not so annoying as in
1963. Largest populations were noted in Sheridan, Johnson, Lincoln and Uinta
Counties. These flies caused much annoyance in these areas of Wyoming. Tabanus
sp. and Chrysops sp. were annoying to livestock in COLORADO. Tabanus spp. were
present in low numbers in KANSAS. In OKLAHOMA, both Tabanus spp. and Chrysops
spp. were active from early May to mid-October. Counts were heavy from mid-June
to early July, lighter during July and heavy again in southeastern Oklahoma
during August and September. Deer flies and horse flies caused concern in TEXAS.
Early season populations of Tabanus spp. and Chrysops spp. in LOUISIANA were
average to lower than average in most areas, but late season populations of
Tabanus spp. were unusually high in some areas of southern Louisiana with seasonal
population peaks occurring during late August and early September.

Horse flies were annoying to man and other animals in MISSOURI. They were very
light throughout the season in ILLINOIS. Horse flies were more abundant than

they had been for several years in southeastern NORTH DAKOTA; STRIPED HORSE FLY
(Tabanus lineola) was the dominant species. Chrysops vittatus and other deer
flies were in normal abundance in rural areas of RHODE ISLAND throughout the
summer, C. atlanticus and Tabanus nigrovittatus were abundant on DELAWARE marshes
during mid-June. Chrysops spp. and Tabanus spp. again annoyed man and other
animals in all sections of MARYLAND, especially in the tidewater areas.

Early in 1964, self-perpetuating populations of SCREW-WORM (Cochliomyia homini-
vorax) were declared eradicated from the five-State screw-worm eradication area
of TEXAS, NEW MEXICO, OKLAHOMA, ARKANSAS and LOUISIANA, Screw-worm incidence in
1964 was reduced 99.9 percent when compared with the million or more cases that
occurred prior to the start of the eradication program in 1962, A total of 237
screw-worm cases was reported in the eradication area during 1964. All cases
occurred in Texas and New Mexico, while the areas to the north and east remained
free of the insect. Infestations were confined to 65 counties in Texas and 8
counties in New Mexico,

Nearly 12.5 billion sterile screw-worm flies have been reared and released since
the start of the screw-worm program; 4.6 billion were dispersed in 1964. Program
workers continued to strengthen the sterile fly barrier zone along the inter-
national border which provides protection against reinvasion by screw-worm from
Mexico. Releases of screw-worm flies south of the international border were
extended to a distance of about 200 miles along the east coast of Mexico in an
effort to weaken concentrated populations of screw-worm in that region.

A livestock inspection line along the Arizona-New Mexico State line continued
operation during 1964, protecting the eradication area from shipments of screw-
worm infested livestock from the regions to the west. In ARIZONA, light

= 323 =

infestations of screw-worm occurred in early summer and began to increase
gradually by late summer in the infested areas in the southern part of the State.

A BLOW FLY (Calliphora sp.) was annoying to livestock in COLORADO and BLACK BLOW
FLY (Phormia regina) was more abundant and/or annoying than usual in UTAH.
Calliphora sp. and ANTHOMYZID FLIES were the more common flies in barns and
manure piles in ALASKA.

A BLACK FLY (Simulium sp.) was numerous in the Sidney area in MAINE by May 4,
but it was not taking blood until May 6 and 7. First appearance in central
Aroostook County was about May 24. Populations in that part of Maine were heavy
as usual. BLACK FLIES were exceptionally heavy in the spring in VERMONT. Black
flies were about normal in abundance in RHODE ISLAND but in CONNECTICUT numbers
were up over 1963. During May, Simulium sp. was annoying to humans in the
Seabrook area of Prince Georges County, MARYLAND. Black flies were heavy and
annoying horses in Du Page County, ILLINOIS, in late June and early July. Black
flies were annoying to livestock in COLORADO.

SHEEP KED (Melophagus ovinus) was especially abundant on untreated sheep in
WASHINGTON, It was approximately normal in abundance and/or damage in UTAH,
Sheep ked was annoying to stock in COLORADO. Light populations were present in
small farm flocks of lambs and ewes in NEBRASKA. Several sheep shearers reported
moderate populations of keds in Morrow and Marion Counties in OHIO. Wool loss
due to sheep ked was reported in Montgomery County, PENNSYLVANIA.

EYE GNATS (Hippelates pusio and H. bishoppi) were the most abundant species in
the sandhills and Coastal Plain of NORTH CAROLINA during late summer and early
fall. H. collusor was a considerable nuisance to residents in ARIZONA in April
and May, particularly in Yuma and Maricopa Counties.

BITING MIDGES (Culicoides spp.) were more abundant and annoying in the spring in
DELAWARE, especially in areas of eastern Kent County. C. variipennis and C.
stonei were reported from jack rabbits in Presidio County, TEXAS.

Other flies reported as a nuisance to animals included: A REINDEER WARBLE
(Oedemagena tarandi) in ALASKA where it continues to be a constant problem in
both reindeer and caribou on the mainland and on Nunivak Island. CATTLE WARBLES
were not reported in Alaska in 1964. HORSE BOT FLY (Gasterophilus intestinalis)
was annoying to animals in MISSOURI. WARBLE FLIES remained unchanged as a pests
of cattle in FLORIDA,

AMERICAN DOG TICK (Dermacentor variabilis) adults were prevalent in and about
several wooded areas in southern sections of MARYLAND during June and July.

This pest was very numerous during the spring in DELAWARE in areas of New

Castle County. American dog tick is distributed statewide in RHODE ISLAND and
was heavier in the damp areas near Narragansett Bay in 1964. TICKS, probably
American dog tick, were reported as heavy in MAINE. The communities of Otisfield,
Casco, Raymond, Naples, Bridgton, Baldwin and Standish in Cumberland County and
Cornish in York County, as well as other southern Maine areas, reported that
populations and occurrences were higher than in 1963.

American dog tick populations on humans and wild animals were very heavy in many
Upper Peninsula counties of MICHIGAN during the summer. In WISCONSIN, this pest
was unusually plentiful in northern counties until mid-July. It was even found
within city limits in someareas. It was common in Sauk and Marquette Counties,
Wisconsin. This tick was reported numerous in MINNESOTA by May 8 in central and
east central districts. Tick activity continued through June and even to mid-
July in some areas. In eastern NORTH DAKOTA, American dog tick was common around
wooded and grassy areas. Heavy populations were present on pets and around
residences in eastern areas of NEBRASKA in May; several children were reported
to have ticks. Infestations were fairly numerous on humans and dogs in KANSAS
during the season. American dog tick caused considerable concern throughout
OKLAHOMA. Populations were the highest recorded in MISSOURI in many years.

- 324 -

TROPICAL HORSE TICK (Dermacentor nitens) was first found in FLORIDA in Miami

on August 10, 1961. Since then, well over 100 cases of equine piroplasmosis, a
protozoan disease of horses transmitted by this vector, have been confirmed in
Dade, Broward, Palm Beach, Orange and Hillsborough Counties. In 1964, a decrease
in the number of D. nitens was noted in the area south of West Palm Beach where

a control program is in progress. Very few ticks of this species can be found
north of the Palm Beach area. WINTER TICK (D. albipictus) was collected on a
dairy cow in Mifflin County, PENNSYLVANIA, in November. Winter tick was reported
on antelope in Presidio County, TEXAS, and in OKLAHOMA, infestations were light
in January with fall activity beginning in mid-October. ROCKY MOUNTAIN WOOD
TICK (D. andersoni) was annoying to humans in COLORADO, and abundance was
approximately normal in UTAH during the season.

BROWN DOG TICK (Rhipicephalus sanguineus) infestations in CALIFORNIA continued
during the year with periodic local flareups, but reports were fewer in number
than in the previous 2 years. Infestations were heavy in Clark and Washoe
Counties of NEVADA. Heavy infestations in ARIZONA caused considerable annoyance
and concern to dog owners throughout the southern area. Brown dog tick caused
considerable concern throughout OKLAHOMA on pets and in homes, and was of concern
in TEXAS. An unusual number of infestations were reported in LOUISIANA.

Brown dog tick infestations occurred in homes throughout MARYLAND during the
winter. This tick was reported as numerous at times in PENNSYLVANIA in homes
and on dogs, and infestations were higher in 1964 than during 1963 in NEW JERSEY
homes. An increase in the number of infestations was reported in CONNECTICUT.
There were periodic complaints in RHODE ISLAND concerning brown dog tick.

LONE STAR TICK (Amblyomma americanum) was taken from calves shipped in from out
of the State in NORTH DAKOTA at Fargo, Cass County. TICKS, primarily lone star
tick, were heavy as usual in ARKANSAS. Populations of lone star tick became
active in late February in OKLAHOMA; were heavy on livestock throughout eastern
Oklahoma through mid-September. Lone star tick and GULF COAST TICK (A. maculatum)
caused concern in TEXAS. TICKS reached alarming porportions in and around homes
in ALABAMA. Occasional reports of FOWL TICK (Argas persicus) were received in
VIRGINIA. EAR TICK (Otobius megnini) was taken from calves from an out-of-State
Shipment at Fargo, NORTH DAKOTA. Ear tick was approximately normal in numbers
and/or damage in UTAH. This tick caused concern in TEXAS during the season.

MITES, tentatively identified as CHICKEN MITE (Dermanyssus gallinae) , were a
nuisance in Mechanic Falls, MAINE, where light populations attacked humans in
early June, Chicken mite infested homes in Kingston, Washington County, RHODE
ISLAND, in mid-July. Infestations of unspecified POULTRY MITES were greater in
CONNECTICUT in 1964 than in 1963. Poultry mites were average in NEW YORK where
outbreaks occurred, dependent mainly on lack of control measures. TROPICAL RAT
MITE (Ornithonyssus bacoti) infestations were reported from several homes in
southern TEXAS and along the coast of the Gulf of Mexico. NORTHERN FOWL MITE
(O. sylviarum) was annoying to man and other animals in MISSOURI, Northern fowl
mite was present and required considerable control in poultry establishments in
CALIFORNIA. Populations of wild birds occasionally carried infestations to homes
and business establishments and caused considerable concern to humans. Local
populations of tropical rat mite were not uncommon in California where rat popu-
lations were high. Northern fowl mite is the most common pest of chickens in
the Matanuska Valley of ALASKA.

A CHIGGER MITE (Eutrombicula alfreddugesi) was a problem statewide in ALABAMA,

It was present on lawns in towns, in recreation areas, campgrounds in general,
and in nearby wooded lands adjacent to the ever-expanding housing developments,
Unspecified CHIGGERS were a nuisance in untreated areas of KANSAS. In CALIFORNIA,
a CANARY LUNG MITE (Sternostoma tracheacolum): caused losses in several instances
early in the year. Apparently this rhinonyssid mite was more prevalent than in
past years. Occurrence of an EARTHWORM MITE (Fuscuropoda agitans) has been high
in earthworm beds of California.

- 325 —

SHORT-NOSED CATTLE LOUSE (Haematopinus eurysternus) was occasionally noted on
cattle in ALASKA, especially on young stock in barns during the winter months.
Short-nosed cattle louse was about normal in WASHINGTON; it is one of the major
cattle pests in that State. Haematopinus spp. were only occasionally reported in
CALIFORNIA; infestations of lice on livestock were generally lower than in 1963.
Populations of short-nosed cattle louse were slightly larger in 1964 than in 1963
in WYOMING. CATTLE LICE are a serious problem to livestock even though many
herds throughout Wyoming are effectively treated. HOG LOUSE (H. suis) infesta-
tions were moderate to heavy on hogs in southern and eastern OKLAHOMA in January
and February and fall activity in Oklahoma began in mid-November. Hog louse on
Swine presented a serious winter problem in ALABAMA, A single specimen of short-
nosed cattle louse was collected in GEORGIA.

LONG-NOSED CATTLE LOUSE (Linognathus vituli) was one of the major pests of cattle
in WASHINGTON; about normal numbers occurred in that State. Linognathus spp.
were occasionally reported in CALIFORNIA. Solenoptes capillatus populations in
WYOMING were slightly larger in 1964 than they were in 1963. Long-nosed cattle
louse was moderately abundant on range cattle in southeastern NORTH DAKOTA and

S. capillatus was abundant on cattle in the Linton area of Emmons County. Long-
nosed cattle louse was collected from calves in NEW MEXICO near Crossroads, Lea
County. S. capillatus and long-nosed cattle louse were heavier than normal in
ARKANSAS, especially in the northwest area. Infestations of long-nosed cattle
louse were light to moderate in GEORGIA, most infestations being light. S.
capillatus infestations were mostly light in Georgia; however, one herd in Putnam
County had an average of 8.8 per square inch.

HUMAN LICE (Pediculus spp.) and CRAB LOUSE (Phthirus pubis) incidence was
fairly high in transient populations in concentrated areas of CALIFORNIA.
Occasional local outbreaks of HEAD LOUSE (Pediculus humanus capitis) occurred.
Crab louse incidence was low and confined primarily in the cae or skid row
districts.

CATTLE BITING LOUSE (Bovicola bovis) was occasionally noted on young stock in
barns in ALASKA during the winter months. About normal abundance of cattle
biting louse was noted in WASHINGTON where this mammal chewing louse is one of
the major cattle pests. Infestations of cattle biting louse were heavier on beef
cattle in OHIO in 1964 than in 1963. LICE on livestock and poultry were average
in NEW YORK with outbreaks due mainly to lack of control measures, lice on beef
and dairy cattle, particularly young stock, were present on many New York farms,
but they seldom caused serious production losses as pesticides were effective.
Young dairy stock, as usual, were the most seriously parasitized animals. CATTLE
LICE were moderate to heavy throughout OKLAHOMA from January to early April,

then populations began to decline. First fall activity in Oklahoma was noted in
mid-November, Several species of cattle lice caused concern in TEXAS. Popula-
tions of cattle lice were about average in NEVADA but in some areas, infestations
were above normal.

POULTRY LICE were at low ebb due to new control measures in NEW YORK. CHICKEN
BODY LOUSE (Menacanthus stramineus) was heavy in northwest ARKANSAS,

FLEAS (Ctenocephalides spp.) caused the usual number of complaints in all sections
of RHODE ISLAND in late summer and early fall. DOG FLEA (C. canis) and CAT FLEA
(C. felis) populations remained about the same in CONNECTICUT but they were
numerous. Cat flea was especially troublesome during the summer months in NEW
JERSEY in homes and lawns. Fleas were abundant in yards and in homes in GEORGIA
in the Atlanta area during summer and fall. Cat flea and dog flea were wide-—
Spread and annoying to pets throughout ALABAMA, where populations reached alarming
proportions in basements, inside homes and on a few lawns. Fleas, presumably dog
flea, were reported on dogs in the Anchorage area of ALASKA for the first time in
many years. Cat flea was locally heavy in some CALIFORNIA cities; the incidences
were probably much lower in 1964 than in 1963. Only an occasional report of

HUMAN FLEA (Pulex irritans) was reported in California. Human flea populations
were heavy in a home in Hazen, Churchill County, NEVADA, in March. This consti-
tuted a new State record.

- 326 -

HORNETS and WASPS were very numerous in CONNECTICUT, and wasps were more numerous
than usual in PENNSYLVANIA. Wasps and BEES were a severe problem during late
summer and early fall in NEW JERSEY where they were troublesome around swimming
pools, refreshment stands, picnic areas and homes. The high incidence in these
areas was attributed to drought which prevailed over most of New Jersey. Wasps,
especially YELLOW JACKETS and Polistes spp., were very annoying to many suburban-
ites in MARYLAND during late summer. GIANT HORNET (Vespa crabro germana) caused
much concern to homeowners in the Atlanta area of GEORGIA; numerous calls were
noted.

BLOODSUCKING CONENOSE (Triatoma sanguisuga) was reported feeding on a man in
Douglas County, MISSOURI, on August 26, and was found in homes in several areas
of OKLAHOMA during the season, Triatoma sp. caused considerable concern to
residents in areas of TEXAS.

A BROWN SPIDER (Loxosceles reclusa) was reported in Webster Parish, LOUISIANA,

for the first time in 1964. An unusual number of BLACK WIDOW SPIDER (Latrodectus
mactans) infestations were reported in Louisiana also. L. reclusa was found in
numerous homes throughout OKLAHOMA and occasional bites were reported. L. reclusa
was observed in homes and other structures in MISSOURI. Two additional county
records were recorded in ILLINOIS when L. reclusa was found in office buildings

or homes in Edwards and Wayne Counties. —

HOUSEHOLD AND STRUCTURAL INSECTS

Highlights:

TERMITES were considered the most important structural pests in Indiana, Missouri,
Arkansas, Alabama, Maryland and Connecticut. Infestations of CARPENTER ANTS
appeared to have increased in Massachusetts and Rhode Island, and structural
damage was reported from Alaska. NOCTUID MOTHS (Litoprosopus spp.) damaged rugs
and furniture in Florida and California. LARDER BEETLE infestations were more
widespread in Michigan and Indiana. COCKROACHES were the most important house-
hold and food pests in New Jersey, Alabama, Missouri, and Alaska. BOXELDER BUG,
STRAWBERRY ROOT WEEVIL and CLOVER MITE were common nuisance pests in many States.
FACE FLY was more numerous in houses in Connecticut and occurred in homes in
Pennsylvania and Virginia. OLD-HOUSE BORER was recorded as a new State record
for Missouri and EUROPEAN EARWIG was found for the first time in Alaska. Both
were found in material shipped from other States.

WESTERN DRYWOOD TERMITE (Incisitermes minor) and WESTERN SUBTERRANEAN TERMITE
(Reticulitermes hesperus) were extremely damaging to residences and other
structures in CALIFORNIA in 1964. Western subterranean termite caused heavy
damage to the foundation of a house near Friday Harbor, San Juan County,
WASHINGTON. Reports of damage by this species were received from all areas of
WYOMING about as often as they were in 1963. In NEVADA, a heavy infestation of
a DESERT DAMPWOOD TERMITE (Paraneotermes simplicicornis) occurred in wood under
a home in East Las Vegas, Clark County, and swarms of adults were numerous in
homes in that county. Infestations of SUBTERRANEAN TERMITES (Reticulitermes spp.)
in Nevada homes were above the 1963 level and equal to the 1962 level. A few
homes were found to be infested by TERMITES at Cedar City and elsewhere in [Iron
County, UTAH, during the summer. Several species of termites caused concern to
homeowners in various sections of TEXAS, Incisitermes sp. being collected from
homes in Matagorda County.

= 320 =

In KANSAS, about 6,200 buildings were treated for termites, a slight increase
over previous years. EASTERN SUBTERRANEAN TERMITE (Reticulitermes flavipes) was
considered the most important structural pest of 1964 in MISSOURI. Although no
unusual population fluctuations were observed in INDIANA, subterranean termites
continue to be the most important structural pests. A similar condition was
reported from ARKANSAS, where winged forms were observed in the northwestern
section on March 28.

Eastern subterranean termite occurs statewide in ALABAMA where it is considered
the most important structural pest. Swarming termites were reported from all
sections of NORTH CAROLINA from February through May, with one swarm reported
from Orange County on August 29. Termites were reported to be very common
throughout VIRGINIA and were the most important structural pests in MARYLAND
during 1964. Large swarms were noted in New Castle County, DELAWARE, from mid-
March through April and new infestations in houses were rather numerous during
the season. Swarms were more widespread throughout NEW JERSEY than in 1963.
Termites were the number one insect problem for homeowners in CONNECTICUT during
1964. The first winged forms of eastern subterranean termite were reported from
Saunderstown, Washington County, RHODE ISLAND, on February 18, with reports
common through mid-May.

A POWDER-POST BEETLE (Lyctus cavicollis) infested wood in several residences in
CALIFORNIA, Infestations of unspecified POWDER-POST BEETLES were more numerous
than normal in UTAH. These beetles were observed in homes and other structures
in MISSOURI, These pests caused about the usual number of complaints in NEW
HAMPSHIRE. mae

BOSTRICHID BEETLES were pests in ALABAMA. In Anaheim, Orange County, CALIFORNIA
Stephanopachys substriatus occurred locally in kitchen cabinets. LEAD-CABLE

BORER (Scobicia declivis) occurred occasionally in wood paneling and oak pallets
in California.

WHARF BORER (Nacerdes melanura) was a household pest in PENNSYLVANIA. ANOBIID
BEETLES were structural pests in ALABAMA and an infestation was found in a
building in Chepachet, Providence County, RHODE ISLAND, BARK BEETLES were about
normal in Rhode Island during 1964.

OLD-HOUSE BORER (Hylotrupes bajulus) was found in Boone County, MISSOURI, in a
piece of furniture brought from out of State in 1959. This is a new State record.
This species was reported occasionally in VIRGINIA and was a structural pest in
ALABAMA,

A HORNTAIL (Urocerus flavicornis) was very common in ALASKA, with several speci-
mens reported to have emerged from the walls of buildings in the Matanuska Valley.
CARPENTER BEE (Xylocopa virginica) damaged buildings in Bonnet Shores Beach,
Quonset Point, and Hope Valley in Washington County, RHODE ISLAND, and damage
also occurred in VIRGINIA. Unspecified CARPENTER BEES were more numerous in
PENNSYLVANIA, and home infestations in NEW JERSEY appeared to be somewhat above
1963 levels.

CARPENTER ANTS (Camponotus spp.) were much more numerous than usual in ALASKA
and were destructive to rough-finished beams in buildings and to many log
buildings. Several species were of concern to homeowners in parts of TEXAS,
These pests were a common problem to homeowners in NORTH CAROLINA and were
occasionally reported in VIRGINIA. In NEW JERSEY, infestations in homes appeared
to be somewhat higher than in 1963. Large Swarming flights occurred throughout
MASSACHUSETTS and caused more inquiries than usual. They were abundant statewide
in RHODE ISLAND and the volume of complaints suggests some increase in house
infestations, or at least an increased awareness on the part of householders.

Several infestations of an unspecified brown POWDER-POST BEETLE were found in
bamboo curtains in NEW JERSEY. Several species of CARPET BEETLES, including
BLACK CARPET BEETLE (Attagenus piceus) and FURNITURE CARPET BEETLE (Anthrenus

= ots) =

flavipes) , were collected on numerous occasions inside homes in all sections of
MARYLAND. Carpet beetles remain one of the most destructive household pests in
PENNSYLVANIA. No change was reported from CONNECTICUT; reports of household
infestations were received from all parts of RHODE ISLAND. Several black carpet
beetle infestations were reported in NORTH DAKOTA. In ALASKA, black carpet
beetle and other species are becoming a widespread problem, with specimens
received almost weekly throughout 1964,

In INDIANA, CASEMAKING CLOTHES MOTH (Tinea pellionella) and WEBBING CLOTHES MOTH
(Tineola bisselliella) continued to decline in importance, This may be due to
numerous factors including increased use of synthetic fabrics, improved cleaning
and storage facilities, and more effective household insecticides, Casemaking
clothes moth was of concern to homeowners in parts of TEXAS, and no change in
importance was observed in CONNECTICUT.

A NOCTUID MOTH (Litoprosopus coachella) was a problem in several areas of
CALIFORNIA. The larvae invaded residences and business establishments to pupate,
where they caused severe damage to rugs and other materials. The larvae of

L. futilis were a nuisance during midsummer in the Daytona Beach-De Land area
of Volusia County, FLORIDA, where they migrated into homes to pupate in rugs,
draperies and stuffed furniture.

INDIAN-MEAL MOTH (Plodia interpunctella) infested a variety of stored foods in
homes at numerous locations in MARYLAND, Infestations were numerous in homes in
DELAWARE, particularly in New Castle County. This pest was quite general in
PENNSYLVANIA and was observed in homes in various areas of NORTH DAKOTA, YELLOW
MEALWORM (Tenebrio molitor) was occasionally reported in VIRGINIA.

SAW-TOOTHED GRAIN BEETLE (Oryzaephilus surinamensis) was common in cereals and
packaged mixes in ALASKA. In COLORADO, most infestations were reported from
households. This pest was observed in homes and other structures in MISSOURI
and was reported numerous times in PENNSYLVANIA. Moderate to heavy infestations
were reported in two apartments in Augusta, Kennebec County, MAINE, in January.

Household infestations of LARDER BEETLE (Dermestes lardarius) continued to be
reported in greater numbers than usual in MICHIGAN, especially in insulating
materials. An unprecedented number of infestations occurred in INDIANA homes
during spring and summer. Indications suggest that dead Musca autumnalis (face
fly) and Pollenia rudis (cluster fly) adults in the walls of homes may have been
a contributing factor. Larder beetle was also reported frequently in homes in
VERMONT, with one instance of adults coming through accoustical ceiling tile noted
in 1964, Several species of DERMESTID BEETLES were of concern to homeowners in
parts of TEXAS. More infestations were reported in WYOMING in 1964 than in 1963,
Several species were found in foodstuffs and clothing in many areas, but only
slight damage resulted in most cases. Attagenus sp. was reported in homes in
OKLAHOMA.

CIGARETTE BEETLE (Lasioderma serricorne) was a common pantry pest in CALIFORNIA,
CADELLE (Tenebroides mauritanicus) and CONFUSED FLOWER BEETLE (Tribolium confusum)
were common pests in cereals and packaged mixes in ALASKA. Most reports of
confused flour beetle in COLORADO were by housewives. In RHODE ISLAND, an
infestation of GRANARY WEEVIL (Sitophilus granarius) was found in a home in
Riverside and BROAD-HORNED FLOUR BEETLE (Gnathocerus cornutus) was collected in
Providence, , Providence County.

An average number of reports of BROWN-BANDED COCKROACH (Supella Suge ae.
ORIENTAL COCKROACH (Blatta orientalis) , GERMAN COCKROACH (Blattella germanica) ,
and WOOD COCKROACHES (Parcoblatta spp. J were received from all parts of RHODE
ISLAND, In CONNECTICUT, COCKROACHES were about as abundant as in past years.
AUSTRALIAN COCKROACH (Periplaneta australasiae) was collected in a home in
Centre County, PENNSYLVANIA, Cockroaches increased generally in urban and rural
areas of NEW JERSEY. Oriental cockroach, brown-banded cockroach and American

= BAe)

cockroach were common, but German cockroach was the most widespread and trouble-
some in New Jersey. In MARYLAND, numerous reports of brown-banded cockroach and
German cockroach were received from homeowners. Oriental cockroach was reported
from several locations in VIRGINIA. In NORTH CAROLINA, brown-banded cockroach,
American cockroach, oriental cockroach, and SMOKY-BROWN COCKROACH (Periplaneta
fuliginosa) were observed in homes. Cockroaches are perhaps the most important
household insects in ALABAMA, including German cockroach, oriental cockroach,
brown-banded cockroach, and smoky-—brown cockroach, in order of importance.

In INDIANA, German cockroach continues to be the most important cockroach in
hotels, restaurants and other establishments where food is processed or served.
Reports indicate that resistance to chlorinated hydrocarbon insecticides has
reached a high level. In MISSOURI, American cockroach, German cockroach, oriental
cockroach and brown-banded cockroach were considered the most troublesome house-
hold pests of 1964, Brown-banded cockroach, oriental cockroach and German
cockroach were probably more prevalent in CALIFORNIA, Cockroaches were one of
the main household pests in Clark County, NEVADA, and in WYOMING, infestations
of German cockroach were reported from Fremont, Goshen, Laramie and Albany
Counties, during 1964. In ALASKA, cockroaches, especially German cockroach and
brown-banded cockroach, were the most numerous pests in homes, apartments and
buildings on military installations.

FIELD CRICKETS (Gryllus spp.) were more numerous than usual around lights and in
homes throughout OKLAHOMA and were a problem in and around homes in eastern
NORTH DAKOTA. CAMEL CRICKETS (Ceuthophilus spp.) were found in homes in south-
eastern North Dakota and in Newport, Newport County, RHODE ISLAND. A CRICKET
(Gryllus sp.) was less conspicuous than in previous years in Rhode Island, but
there was a complaint of a household infestation from Warwick, Kent County, in
September.

The first seasonal reports of BOXELDER BUG (Leptocoris trivittatus) in NORTH
CAROLINA were from Person and Stanly Counties during the first week of February.
Reports were also received during March and again from late May through the first
week in June, primarily from the Piedmont area. Relatively few reports were
received in the fall. This insect appeared to be very abundant in various
sections of VIRGINIA. In MARYLAND, it was a nuisance in and around homes and
buildings, usually during fall and early winter. Numbers were heavy in DELAWARE
homes, especially in New Castle County. Infestations in NEW JERSEY did not
appear to be so heavy as in 1963, but this coreid bug was a nuisance in several
areas during the fall, continuing through December, Boxelder bug migrated into
homes in PENNSYLVANIA in increasing numbers during 1964, In CONNECTICUT, more
requests for information about this pest are received every year. It was
abundant locally in the Blackstone Valley section of Providence County, RHODE
ISLAND, where it has beena perennial nuisance for over a decade. Numerous speci-
mens were sent in by concerned homeowners in NEW HAMPSHIRE, where it is apparently
most troublesome in Manchester, Hillsboro County, and Concord, Merrimack County.
No statewide population trend was noted in INDIANA, Overwintering adults were
annoying in homes in WISCONSIN by early April and were particularly numerous in
some houses near boxelder trees until warm weather began. Migration into homes
occurred with the arrival of cool, fall weather. Adults migrated into homes in
NEBRASKA in late October, and were reported in homes in MISSOURI and COLORADO.

A FALSE CHINCH BUG (Nysius raphanus) and a COREID BUG (Arhyssus scutatus) invaded
residences in CALIFORNIA, causing a considerable nuisance. Another COREID BUG
(Jadera sp.) was of concern to homeowners in areas of TEXAS. GIANT WATER BUG
(Lethocerus-americanus) was a nuisance around homes in the Fargo area of Cass
County, NORTH DAKOTA.

An undetermined ANT-LIKE FLOWER BEETLE was numerous in a house in Westerly,
Washington County, RHODE ISLAND, in late July. The source of the infestation
was not determined. BEAN WEEVIL (Acanthoscelides obtectus) infested a house in
Greenville, Providence County, Rhode Island, in May and adults were a nuisance
in a few residences and commercial buildings in CALIFORNIA. An unidentified

= 330) =

GROUND BEETLE invaded a house in West Warwick, Kent County, RHODE ISLAND, in
early June. Several CERAMBYCID BEETLES (Neoclytus sp. and Phymatodes spp.)
infested fireplace wood in Rhode Island. RED-HEADED ASH BORER (N. acuminatus) ,
P. variabilis, and a BUPRESTID BEETLE (Buprestis striata) caused concern to
homeowners in PENNSYLVANIA by emerging from fireplace wood.

An average number of reports of ELM LEAF BEETLE (Galerucella xanthomelaena) in
homes were received in RHODE ISLAND. Adults migrated into homes in PENNSYLVANIA
and were common in homes throughout VIRGINIA. This insect was observed in homes
and other structures in MISSOURI, and was a nuisance in some homes in ARKANSAS
and northwestern TEXAS.

A SPIDER BEETLE (Mezium affine) was moderate to heavy in a home in Augusta,
Kennebec County, MAINE, in April. DARKLING BEETLES were unusually heavy in

urban areas of Clark County, NEVADA, and adults concentrated at night near lighted,
populated areas in NEBRASKA during August. Blapstinus spp. plagued many areas

of ARIZONA, large numbers invading homes and causing a general nuisance.

STRAWBERRY ROOT WEEVIL (Brachyrhinus ovatus) was abundant in homes in several
areas in eastern NORTH DAKOTA. Many inquires were made by householders in
MINNESOTA, indicating this pest to be exceptionally numerous statewide. In
WISCONSIN, adults emerged by May 15 and migrated into homes soon afterwards, with
annoyance continuing through the summer, Household infestations occurred in late
July in Providence County, RHODE ISLAND, at Lincoln, Riverside, Johnston and
Cumberland. In MASSACHUSETTS, a larger number of inquiries than usual were
received regarding this household nuisance. This pest migrated into homes in
PENNSYLVANIA and adult populations were high during mid-July in DELAWARE where
more house infestations occurred than in the past several years. Strawberry root
weevil adults occurred in homes in Carroll, Harford and Talbot Counties, MARYLAND,
and were common in homes throughout VIRGINIA.

ASIATIC OAK WEEVIL (Cyrtepistomus castaneus) was occasionally reported in
VIRGINIA, A JAPANESE WEEVIL (Calomycterus setarius) was less of a problem in
Virginia than in 1963, but caused some annoyance by migrating into homes. In
RHODE ISLAND, a very heavy infestation of C. setarius occurred around a house in
Richmond, Washington County, for the second year. BLACK VINE WEEVIL (Brachyrhinus
sulcatus) migrated into homes in PENNSYLVANIA. Some other WEEVILS which caused
annoyance by entering homes were Ophryastes sp. in Potter County, TEXAS;
Trachyphloeus bifoveolatus in western WASHINGTON during late spring and fall;

and Eudiagogus rosenschoeldi in the western section of Tampa, Hillsborough County,
FLORIDA, during late June and early July.

ANTS caused about the usual number of complaints in NEW HAMPSHIRE during 1964,
Various species, especially PAVEMENT ANT (Tetramorium caespitum) and LARGER
YELLOW ANT (Acanthomyops interjectus) , caused annoyance to homeowners throughout
MARYLAND. These two species were very common throughout NEW JERSEY where they
were troublesome through December. Mating flights caused considerable concern
and, in many instances, were mistaken for termite swarms. Most-inquiries about
pavement ant during fall and winter concerned infestations in homes with slab
construction. In VIRGINIA, a few reports of pavement ant were received and
SILKY ANT (Formica fusca) was frequently reported by homeowners throughout the
State. In NORTH CAROLINA, several reports of larger yellow ant were received
during March. Several species of ANTS caused concern over a wide area of TEXAS,
In NORTH DAKOTA, a well established colony of PHARAOH ANT (Monomorium pharaonis)
was observed in Fargo, Cass County. In CALIFORNIA, ODOROUS HOUSE ANT (Tapinoma
sessile) was more troublesome in residences in 1964 than before.

Various WASPS became troublesome around homes in southeastern NORTH DAKOTA during
the latter part of the season, Complaints of annoyance by VESPID WASPS in homes
and other building were about normal in UTAH, These pests were widespread and
annoying in ALASKA, especially the paper-nest building species, but a few ground
nesting species were also occasional problems. In RHODE ISLAND, a normal number
of reports of SAWFLIES infesting firewood was received.

= ois}

HOUSE FLY (Musca domestica) was one of the most important household pests in
ALABAMA and was more abundant than normal in UTAH. FACE FLY (M. autumnalis)
populations in homes increased in CONNECTICUT. Face fly and CLUSTER FLY (Pollenia
rudis) entered homes in PENNSYLVANIA and were reported in VIRGINIA. Cluster fly
was more abundant than usual in homes in Montgomery, Prince Georges and Talbot
Counties, MARYLAND, and was troublesome in houses in VERMONT during early and
late fall. Numbers were approximately normal in UTAH. MOTH FLIES were unusually
abundant generally in PENNSYLVANIA and were heavy in homes in Hamilton County,
TEXAS. A MOTH FLY (Telmatoscopus albipunctatus) was a problem in several homes
in Anne Arundel and Prince Georges Counties, MARYLAND, during July and August.
Face fly, cluster fly, FLESH FLIES, and SOLDIER FLIES were observed in homes and
other structures in MISSOURI.

EARWIGS invaded houses in many localities in NEW HAMPSHIRE, causing numerous
complaints; populations increased in CONNECTICUT in 1964. Several species were
of concern to homeowners in one or more areas of TEXAS. An EARWIG (Labidura
riparia) caused much annoyance when continuous heavy infestations occurred in
homes in ARIZONA during spring and summer. Repeated controls were necessary.
Infestations of this species were general in GEORGIA and caused considerable
concern to homeowners. EUROPEAN EARWIG (Forficula auricularia) continued to
bother homeowners in the Portland area and coastal region of Cumberland County,
MAINE. Light infestations were reported around homes in the Rockland area of
Knox County. This species was reported over widely scattered areas of VERMONT,
Although it sometimes occurred in large numbers, no damage was reported. In
RHODE ISLAND, this earwig became evident statewide in late June and was more
abundant than usual, but declined in mid-August. European earwig was found in
packing material that had been shipped to ALASKA from out of State. Whether or
not European earwig will survive in Alaska is unknown.

Several species of PILLBUGS were a nuisance to homeowners in many areas of TEXAS,
SILVERFISH (Lepisma saccharina) was one of the main household pests in Clark
County, NEVADA, and FIREBRAT (Thermobia domestica) was a household pest in
PENNSYLVANIA. During June and July, SPRINGTAILS migrated into many homes in the
central counties of NEW JERSEY. There was a substantial increase over similar
occurrences in 1963. Numerous homes were invaded in DELAWARE during early July.
Springtails were unusually abundant and troublesome inside buildings and homes
in Howard, Prince Georges and Talbot Counties, MARYLAND, and were occasionally
reported in VIRGINIA. Springtails were of concern to homeowners in parts of
TEXAS,

Mass migrations of MILLIPEDS into homes in INDIANA were less numerous than in
previous years. Dry weather from mid-July on may have contributed to the
reduction. In NEBRASKA, millipeds migrated into houses in late August and were
abundant in and around homes in southeastern NORTH DAKOTA during the latter part
of the season. Infestations prompted very few reports in NORTH CAROLINA during
1964, whereas they were quite numerous in 1963, Occurrences of HOUSE CENTIPEDE
(Scutigera coleoptrata) were occasionally reported in VIRGINIA.

CLOVER MITE (Bryobia praetiosa) was very numerous in CONNECTICUT in 1964 and
invaded homes in VERMONT on several occasions. Complaints of household infesta-
tions, some very heavy and persistent, were received from all parts of RHODE
ISLAND, In DELAWARE, it continued to be a serious nuisance pest. Clover mite
was annoying to homeowners in several suburban communities in MARYLAND and
invaded homes throughout VIRGINIA. Most reports in NORTH CAROLINA occurred
during February, March and April. This pest was not so troublesome there as

it was in 1963. Clover mite migrated into homes in PENNSYLVANIA, was a nuisance
in some homes in ARKANSAS and was observed in homes and other structures in
MISSOURI. This mite was a nuisance to homeowners in many areas of WISCONSIN,

and was present throughout the summer, Fail migrations into houses caused much
concern to homeowners throughout WYOMING. This mite was present in homes in
COLORADO and was more troublesome than usual in homes in UTAH. Migrations into
homes occurred almost statewide in NEVADA during winter and spring. In CALIFORNIA,
clover mite infestations in homes were about the same as in past years, with the

= 332) -

normal irritation to residents, MUSHROOM MITE (Tyrophagus putrescentiae) was
also a household pest in CALIFORNIA, Infestations occurred occasionally through-
out the year, WINTER GRAIN MITE (Penthaleus major) was very numerous in one

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AGRICULTURAL RESEARCH SERVICE

PLANT PEST CONTROL DIVISION

SURVEY AND DETECTION OPERATIONS

The Cooperative Economic Insect Report is issued
weekly as a service to American Agriculture. Its contents
are compiled from information supplied by cooperating State,
Federal, and industrial entomologists and other agricultural
workers. In releasing this material the Division serves as
a clearing house and does noi assume responsibility for ac-
curacy of the material.

All correspondence pertaining to additions, dele-
tions and changes of addresses for the mailing
list for this report should be sent to;

Service Operations Division
Office of Plant and Operations
United States Department of Agriculture
Washington, D. C. 20250

Reports and inquiries pertaining to this release
should be mailed to:

Survey and Detection Operations
Plant Pest Control Division
Agricultural Research Service
United States Department of Agriculture
Federal Center Building
Hyattsville, Maryland 20781

Volume 15 April 16, 1965 Number 16
COOPERATIVE ECONOMIC INSECT REPORT
HIGHLIGHTS:

ALFALFA WEEVIL very active in Delaware, larvae numerous in eastern and central
Maryland, populations widespread in areas of Alabama, and adults active in
Illinois and Utah. Few adults noted in Colorado but no adult activity in Wyoming.
CLOVER LEAF WEEVIL larvae caused conspicuous injury to alfalfa and clover in
several Maryland fields. (p. 335). PEA APHID on alfalfa and clover in Ohio;
increasing rapidly on alfalfa in many areas of Oklahoma and increasing on vetch

in Kaufman County, Texas; first buildup of season on alfalfa in central Arkansas,
(p. 336). GREENBUG present in most wheat checked in central, south central and
southwest Oklahoma; considerable spraying underway in some areas. Pea aphid
caused total loss of wheat at one location in Texas. (p. 337). CORN LEAF APHID
and ENGLISH GRAIN APHID damaging wheat in Poston area of Arizona; some controls
applied. (pp. 337, 338). ARMYWORM moderate to heavy and damaging oats in Brazos
County, Texas. (p. 338).

APHIDS and ORCHARD MITES becoming active in orchards in several States. (p. 338).
First PLUM CURCULIO of season in North Carolina taken from peach tree in Moore
County. (p. 339). TOBACCO FLEA BEETLE and SOUTHERN MOLE CRICKET damaging tobacco
in Georgia. (p. 341).

BOLL WEEVIL winter survival survey completed in Alabama. Counts reported in
CEIR 15(15) :312-314 have been recalculated. (p. 341). BOLLWORM larvae very
light and feeding on cotton in Gila Valley, Arizona, First moth of season taken
at Kelso, Arkansas. (p. 341).

A CONIFER SAWFLY (Neodiprion taedae linearis) apparently as widespread, or more
so, than in 1964 in Arkansas. (p. 342). CALIFORNIA OAKWORM larvae heavy on oaks
in many areas in California; moths appeared early this season, (p. 343). TENT
CATERPILLARS (Malacosoma spp.), ELM LEAF BEETLE, ELM CALLIGRAPHA and a FLEA
BEETLE (Blepharida rhois) reported active in several States. (p. 343). HORN FLY
active in Oklahoma and Georgia. (p. 346).

CORRECTIONS and ADDITIONAL NOTES
See page 349.

DETECTION

New State records include: A DARKLING BEETLE (Alphitobius laevigatus) in Illinois
(p. 347); BLACK VINE WEEVIL (Brachyrhinus sulcatus) in Wisconsin (p. 365); and a
WHITEFLY (Aleurotuberculatus Similis) in Rhode Island (p. 369). New county
records reported were: a THRIPS (Kurtomathrips morrilli) from San Diego County,
California, (p. 344); an ANT (Eciton nigrescens) from Bryan County, Oklahoma,

(p. 348); EUROPEAN EARWIG (Forficula auricularia) from Wexford and Lenawee
Counties, Michigan, (p. 370); and WESTERN DRYWOOD TERMITE (Incisitermes minor)
from Washoe County, Nevada, (p. 370).

SPECIAL REPORTS

Quarterly Insect and Mite Outlook in Florida - April through June. (pp. 339-340).

Citrus Insect Situation in Florida - End of March. (p. 340). GLOVER SCALE near
record high and in high range. APHID populations at lowest level in 14 years of
record.

Status of the Screw-worm in the Southwest. (p. 345). Single case discovered in
Cochise County, Arizona, is first report in State since late November 1964,

(continued on page 334)

- 334 -

Estimated Losses and Production Costs Attributed to Insects and Related Arthropods
Attacking Sorghums and Barley in Arizona in 1964. (p. 351).

Summary of Insect Conditions in the United States - 1964

Forest Insects. (p. 352).
Shade Tree Insects. (p. 356).
Ornamental Insects. (p. 363).

Reports in this issue are for week ending April 9, unless otherwise indicated.

DOSDCRABDRROC TRU C RROD RRR OG RAR CRH GRO REE

WEATHER OF THE WEEK ENDING APRIL 12

HIGHLIGHTS: (1) Tornadoes, severe, most fatalities of record, northern Indiana,
nearby areas. (2) Floods, severe, Minnesota, Iowa. (3) Strong warming, second
week, central United States. (4) Rainy, most sections.

TEMPERATURE: The long-retarded spring season got a big boost as average temper—
atures climbed to 6° to 10° above normal from the southern Rockies to the
southern Alleghenies. The contrast with previous cold was very striking; in 2
weeks average temperatures were 20° to 30° warmer from the Rockies to the
Appalachian Chain. But while the East was thawing, temperatures dropped to 5
to 12° below normal over Arizona and southern California.

PRECIPITATION: Daily rains in southern California totaled about 2 inches for
the week along the south coastal area making 2-week totals of 3 to 4 inches

in that area; an unusual pattern. Parts of Arizona had the 5th week of light
to moderate precipitation. Precipitation was also frequent with generous
amounts in most other areas except that Florida and the gulf coast were dry and
also the area from eastern Colorado and western Kansas southward to the border.
Heavy snows fell in some mountain areas with 21 inches on the ground at
Flagstaff, Arizona. Snow cover persists near the central Canadian border and
in the upper Great Lakes area but is diminishing. Rains averaging near 1.5
inches in Minnesota augmented the flooding there.

TORNADOES: With strong warming, scattered tornadoes occurred in Arkansas,
Oklahoma, Missouri, and West Virginia. On Sunday, April 11, the worst tornado
disaster in the history of that area came to northern Indiana and neighboring
sections including parts of Wisconsin, Illinois, Michigan, and Ohio. At least

3 dozen separate tornadoes caused more than 230 fatalities, thousands of injuries,
and damage well over $100 million. Characteristic of tornadoes in this area,
movement was rapid toward the east or northeast with most of the activity

during late afternoon or evening. (Summary supplied by U.S. Weather Bureau).

- 335 -

CEREAL AND FORAGE INSECTS

ALFALFA WEEVIL (Hypera postica) - DELAWARE - Adults very active in alfalfa in
one area of New Castle County. (Burbutis). MARYLAND - Larvae appearing in
numbers on alfalfa in eastern and central sections. First and second-stage
larvae infesting 75 percent of stems in one Talbot County field. In Howard
County, adults decreased in numbers since January; apparently natural mortality;
however, remaining adults laying eggs. Numerous adults swept from hairy vetch
on April 8 at Upper Marlboro, Prince Georges County. (U. Md., Ent. Dept.).
ALABAMA - Medium to heavy, widespread populations reported on alfalfa in Lawrence
and Colbert Counties. Excessive rains in some areas prevented application of
controls. (McClendon, Sommerville). OHIO - First and second-stage larvae noted
in 20-75 percent of alfalfa terminals in Lawrence County; 6 fields checked. Up
to 20 percent of terminals infested with first-stage larvae in Gallia and Meigs
Counties. Adults collected at night. Alfalfa approximately 3-4 inches high.
(Niemezyk). ILLINOIS - Adults found April 5; first of season. Check of alfalfa
at 11:00 p.m. showed 32 adults per 100 sweeps; only 3.5 adults per 100 sweeps
taken during daylight check on April 6. Mating common; eggs being laid on old
alfalfa stems. Feeding punctures noted but no eggs found on green stems. Some
first-stage larvae, not positively determined, may be this species. (Dysart).
WYOMING - No adult activity noted in Washakie County alfalfa. (Marks). COLORADO -
Few overwintering individuals collected in intensive check of alfalfa in Larimer
County; numbers very sparse. (Daniels, Simpson, Ronald). UTAH - Adults active
at Green River, Emery County, and at Mapleton, Utah County. (Knowlton).

CLOVER LEAF WEEVIL (Hypera punctata) - MARYLAND - Larvae causing conspicuous
injury to alfalfa and clover in several fields in Anne Arundel and Prince Georges
Counties. (U. Md., Ent. Dept.). OHIO - Larvae noted in red clover near Ports-
mouth, Scioto County. Det. by B. D. Blair. (Seithers). ILLINOIS - Survey
(mostly in areas not checked previous week) confirmed low counts of 0-22 per
Square foot. Counts this week ranged 2-16 per square foot. Larvae collected
week ending April 2, twenty-six percent infested with undetermined hymentopterous
larvae. H. punctata larvae collected week ending April 9 showed 45 percent to

be infested with hymenopterous larvae. (111. Ins. Rpt.). OKLAHOMA - Larvae
ranged 6-24 per square foot in alfalfa checked in Beckham, Washita, Roger Mills
and Woods Counties. Averaged one per square foot in Garfield County alfalfa,
(Okla. Coop. Sur.).

LESSER CLOVER LEAF WEEVIL (Hypera nigrirostris) - ILLINOIS - Adults and larvae
noted in low numbers on red clover and alfalfa in southern half of State. (111.
Ins. Rpt.).

A WEEVIL (Hypera brunneipennis) - ARIZONA - Larval populations decreasing rapidly
in alfalfa in Yuma and Maricopa Counties. (Ariz. Coop. Sur.).

BEAN LEAF BEETLE (Cerotoma trifurcata) - ARKANSAS - Small numbers (8-12 per 100
sweeps) noted on alfalfa in central area, (Ark. Ins. Sur.).

ALFALFA CATERPILLAR (Colias eurytheme) - MARYLAND - Moderate numbers of medium-
sized larvae swept from vetch at Upper Marlboro, Prince Georges County. (U. Md.,
Ent. Dept.). UTAH - Adults noted at Moab, Grand County, (Knowlton) .

VARIEGATED CUTWORM (Peridroma saucia) - TEXAS - Overwintering moths laying eggs
on vetch and oats in Brazos County. (Randolph) .

FORAGE LOOPER (Caenurgina erechtea) - ILLINOIS - Larvae varied 0-2 per 100 sweeps
in southern area clover and alfalfa. (Ill. Ins. Rpt.).

ARMY CUTWORM (Chorizagrotis auxiliaris) - UTAH - Few larvae noted in alfalfa at
Moab, Grand County, and at Green River, Emery County. (Knowlton).

- 336 -

PEA APHID (Acyrthosiphon pisum) - MARYLAND - Averaged 2 per sweep on alfalfa in
Talbot County and 35 per sweep on vetch,with some winged forms present, at Upper
Marlboro, Prince Georges County. (U. Md., Ent. Dept.). OHIO - Noted in alfalfa
and clover near Lucasville, Scioto County; averaged 15 per 50 sweeps. (Freytag,
Rose). ILLINOIS - Populations varied 70-1,520 per 100 sweeps in clover and
alfalfa in southern half of State. (Ill. Ins. Rpt.). ARKANSAS - First buildup

of season noted on alfalfa in central area; counts range 200-300 per 100 sweeps.
Numbers slightly lower in northwest. (Ark. Ins. Sur.). OKLAHOMA - Numbers
increasing rapidly in alfalfa in many areas; counts as high as 1,000 per 10
sweeps reported in Garvin County and 2,000 per 10 sweeps in Pottawatomie County.
Counts reached 300 per square foot in Woods County, but much lighter in Woodward
County. Averaged 400 per square foot in Tillman County; light to moderate in
Cotton County. Generally light in southwest area and in Garfield County. (Okla.
Coop. Sur.). TEXAS - Light, widespread populations in Kaufman County vetch
beginning to increase; some scattered, heavy populations now present. (Turney).
Heavy locally on alfalfa in Brazos County; counts as high as 100 per sweep on
10-inch alfalfa. (Randolph, Van Cleave). NEW MEXICO - Continues light on
alfalfa in Dona Ana, Luna, Hidalgo, Valencia, Bernalillo and Sierra Counties.
Infestations heavy in Roswell, Dexter and Hagerman areas of Chaves County with
lighter numbers south into Eddy County. Controls now underway in this area;

fair to good results being obtained. (N.M. Coop. Rpt.). ARIZONA - Light to
medium on alfalfa in Graham, Greenlee and Cochise Counties. Populations decreasing
in Yuma and Maricopa Counties. (Ariz. Coop. Sur.). NEVADA - Heavy in fields
checked in Lovelock, Pershing County. (Ferraro).

SPOTTED ALFALFA APHID (Therioaphis maculata) - ARIZONA - Light to medium in
alfalfa in Graham, Greenlee and Cochise Counties. Averaged 2 per trifoliate
leaf in Graham County. (Ariz. Coop. Sur.). NEW MEXICO - Light infestations,
with an occasional heavier population, noted in alfalfa in Dona Ana, Luna,
Hidalgo, Sierra, Chaves and Eddy Counties. (N.M. Coop. Rpt.). TEXAS - Very
light on vetch and burclover in local areas of Brazos County. (Randolph) .
ARKANSAS - Surveys negative in central area. (Ark. Ins. Sur.).

YELLOW CLOVER APHID (Therioaphis trifolii) - ILLINOIS - Ranged 0-7 per square
foot in red clover in southern area. (I1l. Ins. Rpt.).

APHIDS -— ALABAMA - Medium to heavy on Caley peas in Lowndes, Dallas and other
Black Belt Counties. (Gerald et al.). TEXAS - Aphis craccivora (cowpea aphid)
common but light on terminal growth of burclover in Brazos County. (Van Cleave).

TARNISHED PLANT BUG (Lygus lineolaris) - ILLINOIS - Adults varied 0-10 per 100
sweeps in clover and alfalfa in southern half of State. (Ill. Ins. Rpt.). OHIO -
Ranged 2-3 per 50 sweeps in Scioto County alfalfa. (Blair, Rose). MARYLAND -
Overwintered adults averaged 4 per sweep on vetch at Upper Marlboro, Prince
Georges County. (U. Md., Ent. Dept.). FLORIDA - Total of 10 adults and 9

nymphs collected in 100 sweeps of blue lupine (Lupinus hirsutus) at Gainesville,
Alachua County, April 7. (Mead).

LYGUS BUGS (Lygus spp.) - UTAH - Moderately numerous on mustards at Green River,

Emery County, and Moab, Grand County; some also noted on alfalfa. (Knowlton).

CLOVER LEAFHOPPER (Aceratagallia sanguinolenta) - UTAH - Moderate on alfalfa at
Green River, Emery County. (Knowlton). OHIO - Small numbers noted in alfalfa
near Lucasville, Scioto County. (Freytag, Rose).

THRIPS - NEW MEXICO - Light in alfalfa in Dona Ana, Luna, Sierra, Chaves and Eddy
Counties; light to moderate on field margins in Chaves and Eddy Counties. (NM.
Coop. Rpt.). ARIZONA - Medium populations of Frankliniella spp. caused light
damage to new seedling alfalfa in Graham County. (Ariz. Coop. Sur.).

CLOVER MITE (Bryobia praetiosa) - NEVADA - Heavy on clover lawns in Yerington,
Lyon County. (Batchelder). ARKANSAS - Becoming numerous; ranged 10-15 per square

- 337 -

foot in one of three fields of alfalfa in northwest; noted on ryegrass and
reported entering homes in southwest area. (Ark. Ins. Sur.).

GRASSHOPPERS - SOUTH DAKOTA - Nymphs of 2 species (Slant-faced species that
normally overwinter in this stage) observed March 30 on southern side of hill
north of Spearfish airport, Lawrence County. Third-stage nymphs ranged 1-3 per
square yard. Hillside on open rangeland and extension of field of alfalfa,

Snow ranged 1-3 inches deep in area except on southern slopes of hills, which
were clear. Temperature approximately 77° F. (Jones). OKLAHOMA - Light numbers
of Melanoplus spp. first-stage nymphs noted on roadsides and crop margins in
Atoka and Coal Counties (southeast) and Johnston County (south central).
Unspecified adults active in Murray County (south central). (Okla. Coop. Sur.).
FLORIDA - Two Schistocerca americana (American grasshopper) adults collected

in 100 sweeps of blue Iupine at Gainesville, Alachua County, April 7. (Mead).

A MEALYBUG (Phenacoccus graminosus) - CALIFORNIA - Heavy on Avena fatus (wild
oat) and Bromus rigidus (ripgut grass) in Olivehurst, Yuba County, and on Stipa
sp. (needlegrass) in Chico, Butte County. (Cale Coop. Rpt.).

HARVESTER ANTS (Pogonomyrmex spp.) - UTAH - P. occidentalis (western harvester
ant) active on rangelands throughout southern Emery County and in Grant County.
(Knowlton). OKLAHOMA - P. barbatus (red harvester ant) active in Payne and
Johnston Counties. (Okla. Coop. Sur.).

FLEA BEETLES - UTAH - Unspecified black species moderate on mustards at Moab,
Grand County, and at Green River, Emery County. (Knowlton).

GREENBUG (Schizaphis graminum) - OKLAHOMA - Present in most wheat checked in
central, south central and southwest areas; light in most areas but isolated
heavy populations present. Considerable spraying has been done in some areas.
Populations light in wheat in Caddo, Kay and Garfield Counties. Numbers low
(less than one per linear foot) in barley checked in Logan and Garfield Counties,
(Okla. Coop. Sur.). TEXAS - Ranged 600-2,000 per foot on one small, dryland
field of wheat at Hereford, Deaf Smith County, April 6; many lady beetle larvae
also present. S. graminum not heavy in general area, however. S. graminum
generally 10-100 per foot of drill row in Deaf Smith County, April 9. Wheat
large in most instances and shows no damage; however, one isolated dryland field
had population of 2 to 4,000 per row foot with wheat almost total loss. (Daniels).
Widespread, light populations present in Kaufman County small grains (Turney) ;
very light on small grains locally in Brazos County (Randolph, Van Cleave).

CORN LEAF APHID (Rhopalosiphum maidis) - TEXAS - Light, locally on barley in

Brazos County. (Randolph, Van Cleave). NEW MEXICO - Light to medium on spring
seeded barley in Dona Ana, Luna and Sierra Counties. (N.M. Coop. Rpt.). ARIZONA -
Damaging populations reported on wheat in Poston area, Pinal County. Controls
necessary in some fields. Infestations light on barley in Graham, Greenlee and
Cochise Counties. (Ariz. Coop. Sur.). CALIFORNIA - This aphid and other species
light on barley plantings in Calexico, Imperial County. Light numbers of Lysiphlebus
testaceipes (a parasitic braconid) also noted; has been present in many aphid
infestations this spring. (Cal. Coop. Rpt.).

APPLE GRAIN APHID (Rhopalosiphum fitchii) - OKLAHOMA - Noted in most wheat checked
in central, southwest and south central areas; counts as high as 500 per linear
foot in some areas, Heaviest counts found in Tillman and Kiowa Counties (south-
west). Controls probably not necessary as species rarely causes noticeable damage
to wheat in State, (Okla. Coop. Sur.). TEXAS - Complex of R. fitchii and R.

padi, but mostly R. fitchii, ranged 5-20 per foot on wheat in Jones County,

April 6. R. sutenie ranged 50-500 per foot in field of small grain in Deaf Smith
County April 9. (@aniels). R. fitchii light to moderate in Kaufman County oats
Sra occasional specimens noted in barley in Brazos County (Randolph, Van
Cleave).

- 338 -

ENGLISH GRAIN APHID (Macrosiphum avenae) - ARIZONA - Heavy and damaging wheat in
Poston area, Pinal County. Light to medium populations noted on small grains in
Yuma and Maricopa Counties. (Ariz. Coop. Sur.). OKLAHOMA - Present in many
fields of wheat throughout western two-thirds of State but numbers remain low

in all areas checked. (Okla. Coop. Sur.).

STINK BUGS - FLORIDA - Following species collected in 50 sweeps of oats April 7
at Gainesville, Alachua County: Oebalus pugnax pugnax (rice stink bug) 3 adults;
Nezara viridula (southern green stink bug) 4 adults; Euschistus servus (brown

stink bug) 8 adults. (Mead).

LEAFHOPPERS - FLORIDA - Following species collected in 50 sweeps of oats at
Gainesville, Alachua County, April 7: Graminella nigrifrons 3 adults; Agallia
constricta 1 adult; Homalodisca insolita 5 adults. (Mead). H. insolita adults
noted on oats on farm at Pensacola, Santa Rosa County, March 30. (Boyd) .

ARMYWORM (Pseudaletia unipuncta) - TEXAS - Moderate to heavy local population
damaging oats in Brazos County; larvae ranged 1-1.5 per square foot, (Randolph,
Van Cleave). ARKANSAS - Moths numerous in light trap catches at Kelso and Hope.
Moths observed on warm nights throughout past winter, (Ark. Ins. Sur.). FLORIDA -
Few larvae collected in 50 sweeps of oats at Gainesville, Alachua County, April 7.
(Mead) .

SOUTHWESTERN CORN BORER (Zeadiatraea grandiosella) - OKLAHOMA - Live larvae
present in 20 percent of dry cornstalks checked in Washita County. (Okla. Coop.
Sur.).

EUROPEAN CORN BORER (Ostrinia nubilalis) - NORTH DAKOTA - Spot check near Barney,
Richland Couaty, indicated reduction in borer population in area. Field condi-
tions not condusive to general survey. (N.D. Ins. Sur.).

CORN FLEA BEETLE (Chaetocnema pulicaria) - ILLINOIS - Adults varied 40-230 per
100 sweeps in wheat and 110-800 per 100 sweeps in grass in west-southwest
dasitracth Giesiinsey Rpt) ie

BROWN WHEAT MITE (Petrobia latens) - OKLAHOMA - Heavy rains caused considerable
reduction of populations in many areas. Most counts ranged 0-50 per linear foot
in southwest and south central areas, (Okla. Coop. Sur.). TEXAS - Becoming
numerous on small grain in many parts of panhandle area April 6 and will continue
so until advent of rain. Populations heavy in most areas of panhandle April 9.
(Daniels). NEW MEXICO - Heavy in alfalfa along river levee north of Hatch,

Dona Ana County. Widespread, light to heavy infestations reported in Chaves and
Eddy Counties. (N.M. Coop. Rpt.).

FRUIT INSECTS

APHIDS - NEW JERSEY - Eggs of unspecified species hatching on apples at Richwood,
Gloucester County. Controls urged, (Ins.-Dis. Newsltr.). DELAWARE - Aphis pomi
(apple aphid) appearing on apple trees. (Late News, Apr. 9). OHIO - Rhopalosiphum
fitchii (apple grain aphid) first instars observed on apple buds at Wooster,

Wayne County, April 5. (Forsythe).

ORCHARD MITES - DELAWARE - Egg carryover heavy on apple trees. (Late News, Apr.
9). GEORGIA - Spider mites feeding on young apple leaves in Union County.
(Taylor). OHIO - Hatch of overwintering Panonychus ulmi (European red mite)

eggs began April 5 at Wooster, Wayne County. (Forsythe). COLORADO - Overwinter-
ing forms of Tetranychus telarius (two-spotted spider mite) active on apple trees
in Mesa County April 1; few takenin soil samples from bases of trees. (Bulla).
CALIFORNIA - Eriophyes pyri (pear leaf blister mite) medium locally on pear trees
in Fresno, Fresno County. (Cal. Coop. Rpt.).

- 339 -

A NOCTUID MOTH (Orthosia hibisci) - OHIO - Large number of adults emerged at
Wooster, Wayne County, April 6-7; species overwinters in pupal stage. (Rings).

GREEN PEACH APHID (Myzus persicae) - COLORADO - Eggs numerous on chokecherry in
Larimer County; no evidence of hatching. (King, Daniels). UTAH - Nymphs present
on peach at Moab, Grand County. (Knowlton). ARIZONA - Heavy and damaging
terminal growth of peach trees in Graham County. (Ariz. Coop. Sur.).

OBSCURE SCALE (Chrysomphalus obscurus) - TEXAS - Heavy, locally in Bowie County
orchards. (Turney).

SAN JOSE SCALE (Aspidiotus perniciosus) - CALIFORNIA - Locally heavy on peach in
Ojai, Ventura County. (Cal. Coop. Rpt.).

BLISTER BEETLES - NORTH CAROLINA - Pomphopoea sp. damaged peach trees in commercial
orchard in Cleveland County; degree of damage not known, (Dameron, Mount).

TEXAS - Lytta aenea noted on peach and plum flowers and buds in Madison, Hood

and Brown Counties. (Garrett, Hillman, McLure).

PLUM CURCULIO (Conotrachelus nenuphar) - NORTH CAROLINA - Adult collected on
peach tree near Sandhills Research Station, Moore County, April 7; first report
of season, (Smith, Mount).

EASTERN TENT CATERPILLAR (Malacosoma americanum) - TEXAS - Light, widespred popu-
lations on plums and native shrubs in Caldwell, Hays and Guadalupe Counties;
larvae about 50 percent grown. (Texas Coop. Rpt.; Massey).

ORIENTAL FRUIT MOTH (Grapholitha molesta) - CALIFORNIA - Heavy adult flight
indicated by trap catches in Hughson area, Stanislaus County, during first
week of April. (Cal. Coop. Rpt.).

AN ANTHOMYIID FLY - TEXAS - Locally heavy on peach trees in Young County and
pecans in Comanche County; causing concern to growers although no damage noted.
(McCarroll, Dickson).

PHYCITID MOTHS (Acrobasis spp.) - GEORGIA - A. juglandis (pecan leaf casebearer)
and A, caryae (pecan nut casebearer) light to moderate on pecan in southern area.
(Johnson, Apr. 6). Both species much more active. (Osburn, Apr. 9).

AN ARMORED SCALE (Chionaspis caryae) - FLORIDA - Immatures taken on stem of
pecan in nursery at Monticello, Jefferson County. (Miller, Mar. 30).

CUTWORMS - NEW JERSEY - Unusually large numbers found in trash under blueberry
bushes. (Ins.-Dis. Newsltr.).

A BLASTOBASID MOTH (Holcocera sp.)- FLORIDA - Larvae severely damaged bark of
mango tree at Hialeah, Dade County. (Swanson, Mar. 31). Larvae made tightly
woven, thick web on entire west side of tree. (Fla. Coop. Sur.).

Quarterly Insect and Mite Outlook in Florida - April through June - This outlook
is based on the assumption that weather beyond the period of the current U.S.
Weather Bureau's 30-day outlook will be normal. Therefore, the forecast given
below cannot be viewed with the same degree of confidence as those in the "Citrus
Insect and Disease Summary" usually released twice each month.

CITRUS RUST MITE (Phyllocoptruta oleivora) population will be near average with
about 25 percent of groves harboring moderate to heavy infestations through May.
A strong increase is expected mid-May through June. Rapid increases by TEXAS
CITRUS MITE (Eutetranychus banksi) in scattered groves are expected in April,
becoming more general in May and continuing to a peak near average level in June.
About 40 percent of groves will develop moderate to heavy infestations. The
statewide population of CITRUS RED MITE (Panonychus citri) is expected to remain
below average. A few groves will show heavy infestations in April with more

- 340 -

groves, about 30 percent, having moderate to heavy populations at the June peak.
SIX-SPOTTED MITE (Eotetranychus sexmaculatus) will increase to mid-May; however,
fewer infestations than uSual are expected to be important. YELLOW SCALE
(Aonidiella citrina) and GLOVER SCALE (Lepidosaphes gloverii) populations will
continue above average. Decrease will occur in April followed by increase in
May and June. Increase by BLACK SCALE (Saissetia oleae) will start in late April
and continue through June. Population is expected to be near normal, with about
40 percent of groves showing moderate infestation and 10 percent heavy infesta—
tion. Slight decrease by CHAFF SCALE (Parlatoria pergandii) is expected through
June. Larval population of WHITEFLIES will increase in May to an above normal
peak early in June. Population of MEALYBUGS is expected to be above normal with
a few heavy infestations in scattered groves through June. (W.. A. Simanton,
(Citrus Expt. Sta., Lake Alfred)).

Citrus Insect Situation in Florida - End of March - CITRUS RUST MITE infested

54 percent of groves (norm 60 percent); 34 percent economic (norm 34 percent).
Population is near normal and little change is expected. About 14 percent of
groves will have important infestations. Highest districts are south and west.
TEXAS CITRUS MITE infested 36 percent of groves (norm 32 percent); 16 percent
economic (norm 13 percent). Population will increase from current low levels.
Scattered heavy infestations will be important in young groves. Highest districts
are west and south. CITRUS RED MITE infested 30 percent of groves (norm 66 per-
cent); 5 percent economic (norm 40 percent). Population continues to be near

the record low. Very few heavy infestations are expected. Highest district is
west. SIX-SPOTTED MITE infested 11 percent of groves (norm 12 percent); none
economic (norm 1 percent). Increase will occur, but few infestations will be
important. GLOVER SCALE infested 85 percent of groves (norm 27 percent). Popu-
lation is near the record high level and in the high range. PURPLE SCALE
(Lepidosaphes beckii) infested 85 percent of groves; 15 percent economic. Popu-
lation iS near average; little change is expected. Highest districts are south
and central. CHAFF SCALE infested 75 percent of groves; 15 percent economic.
Although population is above normal, few infestations will be important. Decrease
is expected. Highest districts are east and south. YELLOW SCALE infested 64
percent of groves; 19 percent economic. Population is near record high but
infestations are not heavy at this time. Little change is expected. Highest
districts are central and south. BLACK SCALE infested 27 percent of groves; 8
percent economic, Although population is currently at low level, it is above
normal for March and will increase. APHID populations are the lowest in 14 years
of record. Only a few infestations in young groves will be important. MEALYBUGS
are presently unimportant; however, egg masses and mobile forms are present in
above normal numbers on citrus trees and on Bidens sp. under trees. WHITEFLIES
will continue above average abundance. Adults will increase; larvae decrease.

(W. A. Simanton (Citrus Expt. Sta., Lake Alfred)).

CITRUS THRIPS (Scirtothrips citri) - ARIZONA - Increasing in commercial citrus
groves in Yuma County. Ariz. Coop. Sur.) -

A SUBTERRANEAN TERMITE (Reticulitermes hageni) - FLORIDA - Taken on bark of
grapefruit at Fort Lauderdale, Broward County. Det. by L. A. Hetrick. (Porter,
Mar. 28). Found in areas between bark and apparently healthy wood; not burrowing.
Injured tree at ground level upward to 10-12 inches, (Fla. Coop. Sur.).

TRUCK CROP INSECTS

APHIDS - SOUTH CAROLINA - Myzus persicae (green peach aphid) unusually abundant
on pepper and tomato plants in greenhouses. (Nettles et al., Apr. 6). GEORGIA -
Unspecified species light on strawberries in Lowndes County. (Thompson).
Brevicoryne brassicae (cabbage aphid) light on cabbage in southern section of
State, (Johnson). CALIFORNIA - Green peach aphid and Macrosiphum euphorbiae
(potato aphid) medium on spinach in Sanger, Fresno County. Potato aphid and
Aphis craccivora (cowpea aphid) infested several hundred acres of asparagus in
Fresno County. (Cal. Coop. Rpt.).

- 341 -

POTATO PSYLLID (Paratrioza cockerelli) - NEVADA - Adults light on lycium south
of Beatty, Nye County. (Bechtel) .

BEET LEAFHOPPER (Circulifer tenellus) - WYOMING - Overwintering adults found on
new growth of kochia and mustards in Washakie County. Averaged 0.31 leafhopper
per square foot of host area, Largest populations found in river bottom areas;
however, specimens collected in widely scattered areas. (Lowry, Patch, Marks).

COLORADO POTATO BEETLE (Leptinotarsa decemlineata) - GEORGIA - Light on commer-
cial tomato plants in Tift and Worth Counties. (Ratcliffe). ALABAMA - Light
locally in gardens in Covington County. A few adults observed leaving hibernation
in central area, (Stephenson, et al.).

PEA LEAF MINER (Liriomyza langei) - CALIFORNIA - Heavy on romaine, radish and
kale in San Francisco, San Francisco County. (Cal. Coop. Rpt.).

IMPORTED CABBAGEWORM (Pieris rapae) - GEORGIA - Light on cabbage in southern
section of State. (Johnson).

A SPIDER MITE - GEORGIA - Heavy on strawberries in Lowndes County. (Thompson) .

TOBACCO INSECTS

TOBACCO FLEA BEETLE (Epitrix hirtipennis) - GEORGIA - Moderate to heavy on
tobacco in plant bed and in field. (Johnson) .

A WIREWORM - GEORGIA - Moderate on tobacco in Clinch County. (Harrison).

GREEN PEACH APHID (Myzus persicae) - GEORGIA - Light on tobacco in plant bed and ~-
in field. (Johnson).

SOUTHERN MOLE CRICKET (Scapteriscus acletus) - GEORGIA - Caused moderate damage
to newly set tobacco in Lowndes and Colquitt Counties. (Girardeau, Trench).

COTTON INSECTS

BOLL WEEVIL (Anthonomus grandis) - ALABAMA - Winter survival survey of ground
trash completed in 4 counties. Counts in Dallas County (previously unreported)
averaged 2,418 weevils per acre of ground trash. Counts shown in CEIR 15(15):
312-314, should be corrected to read as follows: Morgan County 462, Tuscaloosa
County 1,008, Henry County 3,228. An average of 51 percent of weevils that
entered hibernation in the fall of 1964 survived the winter. The average number
of weevils found in the spring of 1965 was 2,372 compared with 215 in the spring
of 1964, The 1965 figure is approximately 10 times as large as the 1964 figure.
The significant observation is the live weevil count in the northern part of the
State where over 50 percent of the cotton crop is grown. (McQueen).

BOLLWORM (Heliothis zea) - ARIZONA - Very light population feeding on 3-inch
cotton in Gila Valley in Yuma County. (Ariz. Coop. Sur.). ARKANSAS - First

moth of season taken in light trap at Kelso (southeast) on March 29. One

moth taken at Kelso and 2 moths at Hope (southwest) on April 6. (Ark. Ins. Sur.).

PINK BOLLWORM (Pectinophora gossypiella) - ARIZONA - First adult of season
emerged in experimental cage March 31 at Safford, Graham County. (Ariz. Coop.
Sur.).

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FOREST, ORNAMENTAL AND SHADE TREE INSECTS

BARK BEETLES - CALIFORNIA - Epidemic populations of Ips sp. in Fowler area of
Shasta-Trinity National Forest; 1,000 ponderosa pines Killed on 100-acre stand.
Trees killed in groups up to 50. Over 200 trees killed in 20-acre area in
Pilgrim Creek area. (W. Jensen, USFS). TEXAS - Number of new infestations of
Dendroctonus frontalis (southern pine beetle) found in detection flights during
March remained low; 5 active multiple-tree infestations located week of March 15
over entire infested area in Hardin and Jasper Counties; contained estimated 120
brood trees. In addition to spots located on detection flights, 126 brood trees
in Orange County located and controlled by ground survey; 3 trees controlled in
southern Tyler County. Most activity found adjacent to older infestations which
remained active late in 1964. Landowners urged to recheck areas for new infesta-
tions. D. terebrans (black turpentine beetle) attacking pulpwood-size loblolly
and shortleaf pines in northeast Leon County; damage scattered over area about

10 acres. Scattered infestations on loblolly and shortleaf pines on National
Forest land in Trinity and southeastern Houston Counties. No unusual damage by
Ips avulsus, I. calligraphus and I. grandicollis reported during month. (Texas
Forest Pest Comm., Mar. Rpt.; Williamson). ARKANSAS - Late cold temperatures held
back activity of Ips spp. and Dendroctonus terebrans. There is always some local
activity scattered over pine areas but infestations fewer than normal and only
few trees attacked in each spot. Increase expected as temperatures rise. No
real threat presently except in poor sites and thick plantings in need of thinning.
(Ark. Forest Pest Rpt., Apr.).

WEEVILS - ARKANSAS - Adults of Hylobius pales (pales weevil) and Pissodes
nemorensis (deodar weevil) collected consistently during past few months; however,
first noticeable increase in H. pales occurred March 23 when 82 specimens
collected in traps in Hempstead County. (Ark. Forest Pest Rpt., Apr.).

A CONIFER SAWFLY (Neodiprion taedae linearis) - ARKANSAS - Hatching of this species
first observed March 9 in eastern Calhoun County south of Harrell. Observations
March 24 showed hatching progressed but due to cold weather, larval development
retarded. Samples of egg deposits taken March 24 showed approximately 77 percent
of eggs hatched; about 15 percent nonviable; 8.5 percent appeared viable and
probably will hatch. Preliminary observations indicate infestations to be as
widespread,or more so, than in 1964. Foresters in area from Camden west to

De Queen urged to be especially alert. Adults recovered east of De Queen last
fall, but no egg deposits observed in that area. (Ark. Forest Pest Rpt., Apr.).

NANTUCKET PINE TIP MOTH (Rhyacionia frustrana) - OKLAHOMA - Adults numerous around
small pines in Lake Texoma State Park, Marshall County; emergence not complete.
(Okla. Coop. Sur.).

A PINE TIP MOTH - ARKANSAS - Emergence heavy in southern area by March 9; cold
weather generally unfavorable since then. Controls urged to protect ornamental
plantings. (Ark. Forest Pest Rpt., Apr.).

A GELECHIID MOTH ("Recurvaria" piceaella) - SOUTH DAKOTA - Needle miner, tentatively
identified as this species, damaged majority of needles on 3 large spruce trees

in Aberdeen, Brown County. Overwinters in larval stage within mined needles;
feeding may occur for short periods in spring before pupation. Adults appear in
late May or June. (Jones).

SILVER-SPOTTED TIGER MOTH (Halisidota argentata) - CALIFORNIA - Larvae appearing
on 50 acres of Douglas-fir in Elk Mountain sale area in Mendocino National Forest.
(L. C. Simmons, USFS).

PINE BARK APHID (Pineus strobi) - GEORGIA - Infesting white pines in Spalding
County. (Beckham).

PINE NEEDLE SCALE (Phenacaspis pinifoliae) - OHIO - Infestations reported in Medina,
Medina County, (Holdsworth); heavy on pine and spruce in Ohio Agricultural
Experiment Station arboretum (Rings).

= 343 —

TENT CATERPILLARS (Malacosoma spp.) - FLORIDA - Larvae of M. disstria (forest
tent caterpillar) causing considerable defoliation on Carolina ash at Gainesville,
Alachua County. (Esser, Apr. 2). ALABAMA - First infestations of M. americanum
(eastern tent caterpillar) this season; light and local on young leaves of post
oak trees on Conecuh National Forest in Covington County. (Stephenson). TEXAS -
M. disstria moderate to heavy on oak trees in Hays, Caldwell and Guadalupe
Counties. (Texas Coop. Rpt.; Massey). UTAH —- M. fragile (Great Basin tent
caterpillar) hatching at Moab, Grand County, April 9. (Knowlton).

FALL CANKERWORM (Alsophila pometaria) - PENNSYLVANIA - Plans underway to control
extensive outbreak in parts of north central area; treatment area approximately
100,000 acres in central Potter County and 4,000 acres in southwestern Tioga
County. (Pa. Forest Pest Rpt., Feb. 26).

SPRING CANKERWORM (Paleacrita vernata) - NEBRASKA - Increasing adult activity
noted past 2 weeks in Lincoln, Lancaster County. (Rhine).

GYPSY MOTH (Porthetria dispar) - CONNECTICUT - Scouting in 25 towns revealed 6
towns in Middlesex County with 58,000 acres heavily infested; 6 towns in New

London County with 53,000 acres infested and 2 towns in New Haven County with
16,000 acres infested. No serious infestation in 8 towns. (Cooper, Turner;

Mar. 8).

CALIFORNIA OAKWORM (Phryganidia californica) - CALIFORNIA - Locally heavy on oak
trees in Fremont, Alameda County; moths appeared early this season. Larvae now
heavy in many areas. (Cal. Coop. Rpt.).

A NOCTUID MOTH (Oncocnemis punctilinea) - NEVADA - Early stage larvae damaging
ash tree foliage in Las Vegas, Clark County. (Bechtel, Zoller).

MOURNING-—CLOAK BUTTERFLY (Nymphalis antiopa) - UTAH - Active at Moab, Grand
County. (Knowlton).

ELM LEAF BEETLE (Galerucella xanthomelaena) - ARKANSAS - Adults leaving hibernation;
homeowners in infested areas urged to control first generation. (Ark. Forest Pest
Rpt., Apr.). OKLAHOMA - Adults active on elms in Stillwater area, Payne County;
first report of season. (Okla. Coop. Sur.). COLORADO - Adults becoming active
around homes in Mesa County. (Bulla).

ELM CALLIGRAPHA (Calligrapha scalaris) - OKLAHOMA - Adults present on American
elms in Oklahoma City, Oklahoma County; first report of activity this year.
(Okla. Coop. Sur.).

A FLEA BEETLE (Blepharida rhois) -— OKLAHOMA - Adults feeding and mating on cutleaf
sumac in Stillwater area, Payne County; first activity of season. (Okla. Coop.
Sur.).

A PERIODICAL CICADA (Magicicada septendecim) - MARYLAND - Brood V expected to
occur this year in scattered areas of Garrett County. (U. Md., Ent. Dept.).

OBSCURE SCALE (Chrysomphalus obscurus) - FLORIDA - Required controls on water oak
in nursery at Tampa, Hillsborough County. (Meyer, Mar. 29).

APHIDS - CALIFORNIA - Acyrthosiphon pelargonii medium on pelargoniums in San
Francisco, San Francisco County. Macrosiphum rosae (rose aphid) medium on
agapanthus 'Lily of the Nile' plants in Fresno, Fresno County; plant commonly used
for freeway and parkway plantings. Aphis fabae (bean aphid) heavy on lupines in
Byron, Contra Costa County. (Cal. Coop. Rpt.). OKLAHOMA - Several species heavy
on tulips in Payne and Noble Counties and on roses in Marshall County. Light to
moderate and damaging euonymus in Cleveland County and evergreens in Garvin County,
(Okla. Coop. Rpt.). ALABAMA - Macrosiphum rosae buildup continues on roses in
central and southern areas; medium in Covington, Lee and other counties.
(Stephenson et al.). ARIZONA —- Macrosiphoniella sanborni (chrysanthemum aphid)

- 344 -

heavy and damaging roses in Graham, Greenlee and Cochise Counties. Acyrthosiphon
pisum (pea aphid) heavy in Graham and Greenlee Counties; causing much damage to
roses and other ornamentals. (Ariz. Coop. Sur.). NEW MEXICO - Cinara tujafilina
abundant on arborvitae in Las Cruces, Dona Ana County. (N.M. Coop. Rpt.).

WHITEFLIES - FLORIDA - Paraleyrodes perseae and Crenidorsum sp. severely damaged
stem and leaves of Anthurium sp. at nursery at Tallahassee, Leon County; det. by
L. M. Russell. (Miller, Mar. 15).

COCCIDS - MARYLAND - Unaspis euonymi (euomymus scale) heavy on euonymus at
Baltimore; Chionaspis furfura (scurfy scale) heavy on pyracantha at Cumberland,
Allegany County. Diaspis carueli (juniper scale) moderate on juniper at
Cresaptown. (U. Md., Ent. Dept.). NORTH CAROLINA - Euonymus scale heavy on
Euonymus radicans in Lee County; Ceroplastes sp. infested azalea twigs locally
in Lee County. (Howell, Wray). Fiorinia theae (tea scale) infested camellia in
Wayne County. (Goforth, Robertson). FLORIDA — All stages of tea scale severely
damaging leaves of Burford holly in nursery at Port Orange, Volusia County.
(Holley, Pott, Mar. 31). All stages of Howardia biclavis (mining scale) severely
damaged stem of crape-jasmine in nursery at Delray Beach, Palm Beach County,
(Long, Mar. 26); adults moderately damaging stems of Ixora spp. in nursery at

Miami Springs, Dade County, (Herrmann, Mar. 30). Ixora plants stunted and
showing severe leaf drop. (Fla. Coop. Sur.). Eucalymnatus tesselatus moderately
damaged leaves of bottlebrush at Miami, Dade County. Herrman, Mar. 30).

OKLAHOMA - Diaspis sp. damaged redcedar in Cherokee County. (Okla. Coop. Sur.).
NEW MEXICO - Unspecified species heavy on cottonwood in yard at Deming, Luna
County. (N.M, Coop. Rpt.). CALIFORNIA -— Lecanium cerasorum (calico scale)
medium on dogwood nursery stock in Hayward, Alameda County; heavy on liquidamber
trees locally in Sacramento, Sacramento County, and heavy on this host in Gilroy,
Santa Clara County. Diaspis cocois (an armored scale) heavy on palm trees in
Delano, Kern County, and medium on Jubaea spectabilis nursery stock in San Diego,
San Diego County. (Cal. Coop. Rpt.).

BOXWOOD LEAF MINER (Monarthropalpus buxi) - NORTH CAROLINA — Heavy on boxwood

in Iredell County. (Franklin, Robertson).

PEA LEAF MINER (Liriomyza langei) -— CALIFORNIA — Heavy on daisy and chrysanthemum
in San Francisco, San Francisco County. (Cal sCoop.sRpt.)):

A LEAF ROLLER MOTH (Platynota stultana) - CALIFORNIA - Larvae caused heavy damage
to leaves of greenhouse roses in Union City, Alameda County. (Cal. Coop. Rpt.).

THRIPS - CALIFORNIA - Kurtomathrips morrilli medium on morning-glory plants in
San Diego, San Diego County; this is a new county record. Frankliniella
occidentalis (western flower thrips) heavy on lupines in Byron, Contra Costa

County. (Cal. Coop. Rpt.).

A SUBTERRANEAN TERMITE (Reticulitermes sp.) - FLORIDA - Light on stem of
chrysanthemum 'Iceburg' in nursery at Alva, Lee County; det. by L. A. Hetrick.
(Walsh, Nelson). Appeared to be feeding on pith of plant. (Fla. Coop. Sur.).

SPIDER MITES - ALABAMA - Major pests of azaleas and some other ornamentals;
reported much heavier than usual in Tallapoosa, Lee, Mobile, Baldwin, Geneva and
other counties. Heavy, localized infestation on roundleaf Japanese holly in
Morgan County. (Hagler, Keeble, Webb, Baskin, Reynolds, et al.). FLORIDA -
Tetranychus telarius (two-spotted spider mite) moderately damaged leaves of rose
in nursery at De Land, Volusia County. (Roberts, Mar. 6).

INSECTS AFFECTING MAN AND ANIMALS
MOSQUITOES - MARYLAND - Third and fourth instars of Aedes grossbecki and

second instars of A. canadensis abundant near Point Lookout Creek, St.
Marys County. (Foster, Mallack).

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STATUS OF THE SCREW-WORM (Cochliomyia hominivorax) IN THE SOUTHWEST

A single screw-worm case discovered in Cochise County, ARIZONA, during the period
April 4-10 marks the first report of myiasis of this type in Arizona since late
November. The Southwestern Eradication Area continues to be free of screw-worm cases,
The Republic of Mexico reported 71 cases: Sonora 48, Tamaulipas 8, San Luis Potosi 2,
Durango 5, Guanajuato 2, Veracruz 3 and Puebla 3. Total sterile screw-worm flies
released: Texas 166,250, Arizona 600,000 and Mexico 84,863,200. Note: Report of
March 21-27 (CEIR 15(14):280): 166,250 sterile screw-worm flies released on ground at
Mission, Texas. Flies were not released over Texas rivers.

Ratio of Positive Cases
Positive Cases Negative Cases to 100 Cases Negative

Year Current Cumulative Current Cumulative Current Cumulative

Table 1. Comparison of specimens reported during corresponding weeks
1963 and 1964 in Southwestern Eradication Area.

1963 83 326 106 941 78.30 34,64
1964 7 19 268 1199 2.61 1.58
1965 (0) 4 129 744 0.00 .53

Table 2. Comparison of specimens reported during corresponding weeks and in
a corresponding area in 1964 in the United States-Mexico Barrier Zone. *

1964 7 187 34 281 20.58 66.54
1965 57 629 41 408 139.02 154.16

Table 2A. Mexican portion of Barrier Zone only.

1964 (0) 167 (0) 71 0.00 235,21

1965 56 626 13 235 430.76 266.38

* Barrier Zone - Area in which screw-worm eradication operations are being carried
out in an effort to prevent establishment of self-sustaining screw-worm popula-
tion in the United States.

(Anim. Dis. Erad. Div.).

Figures -

Number of cases reported
in infested counties for
period April 4 - 10

wantngtnet Linear drop along river
valleys

- 346 -

SECONDARY SCREW-WORM (Cochliomyia macellaria) - GEORGIA - Infesting wound of
dehorned cow in Miller County. (Hennig).

COMMON CATTLE GRUB (Hypoderma lineatum) - OKLAHOMA - Adults numerous and annoying
cattle in Hughes, Payne, Garvin and Cleveland Counties. (Okla. Coop. Sur.).

HORN FLY (Haematobia irritans) - OKLAHOMA - First adults of year active in Payne
County. Averaged 10 per head on yearling steers. (Okla. Coop. Sur.). GEORGIA -
Averaged 8.5 per animal in untreated herd in Spalding County. (Roberts).

FACE FLY (Musca autumnalis) - MISSOURI - Overwintering adults resting on sunny
sides of buildings in Atchison County. (Houser, Thomas, Peters).

HOUSE FLY (Musca domestica) —- OKLAHOMA —- Averaged 5 per Scudder grid in untreated
barns in Stillwater area, Payne County. (Okla. Coop. Sur.). ARKANSAS — Larvae
appearing in poultry droppings in White County. (Barnes).

CATTLE LICE — SOUTH CAROLINA - Causing much scratching and rubbing, especially
on beef cattle; backrubbers and sprays urged. (Nettles et al., Apr. 6).
ALABAMA - Abundant on many herds in De Kalb and Bullock Counties. (Robinson,
Stone). OKLAHOMA - Several species extremely heavy on cattle in Ellis County,
heavy in Cotton County, and moderate in Payne, Kay, Mayes, Bryan and Hughes
Counties. (Okla. Coop. Sur.). NEW MEXICO -— Haematopinus eurysternus (short-
nosed cattle louse) heavy to very heavy on 3 herds examined and Bovicola bovis
(cattle biting louse) light to medium on one herd in Rio Arriba County. (N.M.
Coop. Rpt.). UTAH - Cattle lice extremely numerous on some beef herds in
Miller Creek area, Carbon County, (Knowlton, Horn); more numerous than normal
in many unsprayed herds in Carbon, Emery, Grand, and San Juan Counties
(Peterson, Knowlton). NEBRASKA - Linogathus vituli (long-nosed cattle louse)
heavy on some herds in southwestern counties. (Roselle).

HOG LOUSE (Haematopinus suis) - UTAH - Common throughout the State. (Knowlton).

BED BUG (Cimex lectularius) — MARYLAND - Infested property at Severna Park,
Anne Arundel County. (U. Md., Ent. Dept.). UTAH - Infesting home at Price,
Carbon County. (Horn, Knowlton).

LONE STAR TICK (Amblyomma americanum) - MISSOURI - Adults and nymphs noted in
Carter County. (Houser, Thomas, Peters). ALABAMA - Infestations reported in
Franklin County. (Ponder).

HOUSEHOLD AND STRUCTURAL INSECTS

COCKROACHES - CONNECTICUT - Blattella germanica (German cockroach) infested home
at Bridgeport, Fairfield County. (Savos, Apr. 7). DELAWARE - Blatta orientalis
(oriental cockroach) heavy in home in New Castle County. (Kelsey). MINNESOTA —
Numerous reports received concerning Parcoblatta spp. (wood cockroaches) in
suburban areas of Minneapolis-St. Paul; populations very abundant in basements.
Occasional specimen of Supella supellectilium (brown-banded cockroach) noted.
(Minn. Ins. Rpt.). UTAH — German cockroach infesting lunch area in school at
Price, Carbon County. (Horn, Knowlton). Oriental cockroach infesting motel at
Green River, Emery County. (Knowlton).

ANTS -— UTAH - Infesting several homes at Brigham City and Willard, Box Elder
County. (Knowlton). OKLAHOMA -— Unspecified ants reported in homes in Bryan
County and Prenolepsis imparis swarmed in house in Payne County. (Okla. Coop.
Sur.). MISSOURI — Adults of undetermined species observed in building in
Atchison County. (Houser, Thomas, Peters). NEBRASKA — Nests of Camponotus
pennsylvanicus (black carpenter ant) found in dying American elm trees in
Frontier County. (Rhine). NORTH CAROLINA — Tapinoma sessile (odorous house
ant) bothersome in homes in Wake County in late March. (Wray).

- 347 -

A MOTH FLY - MARYLAND - Adults causing nuisance in home in Prince Georges County.
(U. Md., Ent. Dept.).

MILLIPEDS - MINNESOTA —- Reported in basements and occasionally on first floors
of homes in Minneapolis-St. Paul area. (Minn. Ins. Rpt.).

SAW-TOOTHED GRAIN BEETLE (Oryzaephilus surinamensis) -— CONNECTICUT - Infested
home at Groton, New London County. (Savos, Apr. 7). UTAH - Infesting flour and
kitchens in several homes at Price, Carbon County. (Knowlton, Schofield).

INDI AN-MEAL MOTH (Plodia interpunctella) - UTAH - Infesting food in home in Logan,
Cache County. (Davis, Knowlton).

BOXELDER BUG (Leptocoris trivittatus) - OHIO - Active in Bowling Green, Wood
County, and Columbus, Franklin County. (Davidson, Holdsworth, Rose). INDIANA -
Very abundant in home at Kokomo, Howard County. (Matthew).

ASSASSIN BUGS - OKLAHOMA - Melanolestes picipes and M. abdominalis active around
lights in several areas of State. M. picipes annoying in house in Payne County.
(Okla. Coop. Sur.).

CLOVER MITE (Bryobia praetiosa) - NEW JERSEY - Active in many areas. (Ins.-Dis.
Newsltr.). DELAWARE - New infestations reported in homes in New Castle County.
(Burbutis). UTAH —- Invading many homes in Utah, Salt Lake, Weber, Davis, Box
Elder and Cache Counties. (Knowlton). INDIANA -— Heavy in home at Sellersburg,
Clark County. (Matthew).

TERMITES -CONNECTICUT - Noted swarming at Warehouse Point, Hartford County;
Groton, New London County; and Wethersfield, Hartford County. (Savos, Apr. Ne
NEW JERSEY - Swarms continue to be homeowners'primary insect concern. (Ins.-Dis.
Newsltr.). DELAWARE - Reticulitermes flavipes (eastern subterranean termite)
adult flights indicate several new house infestations in New Castle County.
(Burbutis).

OLD-HOUSE BORER (Hylotrupes bajulus) -— ALABAMA - Larvae infested wooden walls
of house trailer in Calhoun County for several months. (Pair).

AN EUCNEMID BEETLE — NORTH CAROLINA - Adults emerged from walls of new home in
Edgecombe County. (Powell, Mount).

PAINTED HICKORY BORER (Megacyllene caryae) — NORTH CAROLINA —- Emerged from fire-
wood in home in Avery County. (Wray, Mar. 25).

STORED-PRODUCT INSECTS

A DARKLING BEETLE (Alphitobius laevigatus) - ILLINOIS - Found in decomposed soy-
bean meal in Vermilion County in 1964. Det. by M. W. Sanderson, confirmed by

T. J. Spilman. This is a new State record. (I11. Ins. Rpt.).

KHAPRA BEETLE (Trogoderma granarium) -— ARKANSAS -— Surveys of 4 properties in Polk
County were negative. (Ark. Ins. Sur., PPC).

BLACK CARPET BEETLE (Attagenus piceus) - NORTH DAKOTA —- Trace numbers of adults
and larvae in elevator at Wyndmere, Richland County. (Frye).

INDIAN-MEAL MOTH (Plodia interpunctella) — NORTH DAKOTA -— Trace number of larvae
in elevator at Wyndmere, Richland County. (Frye).
BENEFICIAL INSECTS

LADY BEETLES - TEXAS - Very light to light in Brazos County and in Denton County
area. (Van Cleave, Randolph, Turney). ARKANSAS - Several species observed on

- 348 -

alfalfa in central area; reproduction underway. (Ark. Ins. Sur.). ILLINOIS -
Few adults of Hippodamia convergens (convergent lady beetle) and H. parenthesis
active in clover and alfalfa fields in southern area. (111. Ins. Rpt.).

GREEN LACEWINGS (Chrysopa spp.) -— ILLINOIS - Active in clover and alfalfa in
southern area. (I11. Ins. Rpt.). ARKANSAS - Adults active in central and
northwestern areas. (Ark. Ins. Sur.). TEXAS — Adults numerous in Brazos
County (Randolph); light in Denton County area (Turney).

DAMSEL BUGS (Nabis spp.) - ILLINOIS - Active in clover and alfalfa in southern
area, (I1l. Ins. Rpt.). TEXAS - Very light to light in Brazos County and in
Denton County area. (Van Cleave, Randolph, Turney).

A FLOWER BUG (Orius insidiosus) - ARKANSAS - Adults noted on alfalfa in central
area. (Ark. Ins. Sur.).

A BIG-EYED BUG (Geocoris punctipes) - ARKANSAS - Adults found in small numbers
in alfalfa in central area. (Ark. Ins. Sur.).

BRACONIDS - TEXAS - Very light to light in Brazos County and in Denton County
area. (Van Cleave, Randolph, Turney). Apanteles sp. and Lysiphlebus sp.
quite active in Brazos County small grains, vetch and alfalfa. (Randolph,
Van Cleave).

MISCELLANEOUS INSECTS

IMPORTED FIRE ANT (Solenopsis saevissima richteri) -— ALABAMA - Widespread and
medium to heavy; considerable mound building noted in infested counties. (Reynolds,
Sessions, Granberry, et al.). ARKANSAS - Additional infestations found at 3
locations in Ashley County. Surveys negative in Union, Lafayette and Little

River Counties. (Ark. Ins. §Sur.).

ANTS - OKLAHOMA - Eciton nigrescens found in Bryan County; new county record.
(Okla. Coop. Sur.). TEXAS — Atta texana (Texas leaf-cutting ant) swarming over
wide area of State, including Falls, Guadalupe and Lee Counties. (Spivey).
OHIO - Very heavy swarms of Acanthomyops sp. noted along field borders near
Lucasville, Scioto County. Det. by P. Freytag and F. Moore. (Blair, Rose).

A PLATYPODID BEETLE (Platypus rugulosus) - FLORIDA - Adults severe on stem of
covellea tree (Covellea racemosa) in nursery at Miami, Dade County. (Herrmann,
Mar. 18). It is not known whether this species will attack healthy trees but
it may cause rapid decline after entering plants. This species is apparently
well established in southern Florida; regularly collected in blacklight traps.
(Fla. Coop. Sur.).

BLACK CARPET BEETLE (Attagenus piceus) - MICHIGAN - Larvae and adults numerous
in packages of poison rat bait in Berrien County. (Shick, Apr. 2).

GREATER WAX MOTH (Galleria mellonella) - OKLAHOMA —- Light in and around bee
hives in Kay County. Okla. Coop. Sur.).

WHITE-LINED SPHINX (Celerio lineata) —- NEVADA - Adults numerous in southern part
of State. (Zoller).

LUNA MOTH (Actias luna) - OKLAHOMA — Adults active for first time this year in
Stillwater area, Payne County. Several collected in light traps. (Okla. Coop.
Sure.

CITRUS WHITEFLY (Dialeurodes citri) - CALIFORNIA — Treatment of 800 city blocks
in Sacramento, Sacramento County, and 48 city blocks in Fresno, Fresno County,
completed. Grid surveys continue; spot treatments will be applied where live
nymphs occur, (Cal. Coop. Rpt.).

- 349 -

SPRINGTAILS — ALABAMA — Extremely heavy in lawns and fields in Calhoun and
Cherokee Counties; general throughout State. (Pair, et al.).

CORRECTIONS

CEIR 15(14):280 - STATUS OF THE SCREW-WORM (Cochliomyia hominivorax) IN THE
SOUTHWEST - First paragraph, lines 7 and 8 should read "'"... Sterile screw-worm
flies released: 166,250 on ground at Mission, Texas. Flies were not released
over Texas rivers; 75,795,200 in grid patterns over Mexico."

CEIR 15(15):312-314 - Report on Survival of Boll Weevil as Determined by Surface
Trash Examinations During the Spring —- 1965 -— ALABAMA - Average number of live
weevils per acre of trash should be changed on all 3 pages to read as follows:
Morgan County 462, Tuscaloosa County 1008, Henry County 3228. (McQueen).

ADDITIONAL NOTES

INDIANA - Late-stage larvae of CLOVER LEAF WEEVIL (Hypera punctata) active on
clover in south-southwest section; injury light. PEA APHID (Acyrthosiphon
pisum) present on clover in south-southwest area. (Huber). SWEETCLOVER WEEVIL
(Sitona cylindricollis) caused light injury to clover in southern quarter of
State. (Huber, Everly). First-stage larvae of EASTERN TENT CATERPILLAR
(Malacosoma americanum) active on wild cherry and apple in New Albany area of

Floyd County. (Saugstad).

350 —-

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02

SUMMARY OF INSECT CONDITIONS IN THE UNITED STATES - 1964
(continued from page 332)

1
FOREST INSECTS ay

Forward:

The consensus among leading insect taxonomists in the United States was to adopt
Dr. Stephen L. Wood's 1963 Revision of the Genus Dendroctonus (Coleoptera
Scolytidae), (Great Basin Naturalist 23:1-117, illus.), and Dr. G. R. Hopping's
1964 Revision of the North American Species in Groups IV and V of Ips De Geer
(Coleoptera : Scolytidae), (Canadian Entomologist 96:970-978, illus.). Accord-
ingly, names assigned to the now-valid species are used in this report. For the
convenience of the reader, rescinded names are carried in parentheses, However,
accepted common names for all species have been retained, resulting occasionally
in the use of more than one common name for a single species. Common names for
the bark beetles are under study by the Common Names Committee of the Entomolo-
gical Society of America.

Highlights:

Forest insect infestations in the United States in 1964 were smaller and less
severe than in the previous few years. There were many outbreaks, however, that
damaged or destroyed forest resources over large areas and were costly to contain.
Other outbreaks recurred after several years of dormancy and a few were found at
new locations. Many of the infestations, both new and recurring, will require
suppressive action in 1965. As a group, BARK BEETLES were the most troublesome
pests. Their persistent outbreaks in the Intermountain and Rocky Mountain States
took a heavy toll. Lodgepole pine stands in Idaho, Utah and Wyoming were partic-
ularly hard hit, and chronic infestations seriously depleted high-value stands

of western white pine in northern Idaho and ponderosa pine in the Rocky Mountains
and in the Black Hills of South Dakota and Wyoming. At year's end, there was a
resurge of PINE BEETLE infestations at several locations in the Southern and
Southeastern States.

Forest DEFOLIATORS also were troublesome and damaging at many locations through-
out the country. Noteworthy were new and virulent outbreaks of DOUGLAS-FIR
TUSSOCK MOTH in California and Oregon. In addition, a serious FALL CANKERWORM
infestation intensified and spread in valuable hardwood stands in Pennsylvania.
SPRUCE BUDWORM remained epidemic in much of the mixed conifer forests of Montana,
Idaho, New Mexico and Minnesota, and a new outbreak was discovered in southern
Utah. LARCH CASEBEARER infestations increased in size and severity in northeast
Washington and in the larch type through most of Idaho and Montana, The BLACK-
HEADED BUDWORM population increased in southeast Alaska. Miscellaneous insect
pests, including aphids, weevils, scale insects, shoot and tip moths, needle
miners, leaf tiers, spittlebugs and many others, were troublesome locally in
many sections of the country. Suppression of most infestations in 1964 was
accomplished satisfactorily, and without undue or significant side effects.

Conditions in Alaska

The forest insect situation in ALASKA became increasingly critical with the
continued buildup of BLACK-HEADED BUDWORM (Acleris variana) and HEMLOCK SAWFLY

1/ This summary is the introduction or highlights section of the "Forest Insect
Conditions in the United States - 1964" which was compiled and published by the
Forest Service, U.S. Department of Agriculture. Copies of the complete annual
summary are available upon request from the Regional Forester in your area.
Addresses of the regional offices may be found onpage 356 o0f this issue of the
CEIR.

= 353 =

(Neodiprion tsugae) populations. On the other hand, BARK BEETLES were very scarce
except for a relatively unimportant CEDAR BERK BEETLE (Phloeosinus squamosus) .
Hardwood DEFOLIATORS and SUCKING INSECTS occurred only in endemic numbers,

Conditions in Western Forests

The extensive coniferous forests in the Western United States have long been
plagued with destructive insects, and the situation in 1964 was little changed.

In OREGON and WASHINGTON, the total acreage of infestations was the lowest in the
past decade. However, the areas affected by DEFOLIATORS increased. Serious new
outbreaks of DOUGLAS-FIR TUSSOCK MOTH (Hemerocampa pseudotsugata) developed in
continuous stands of Douglas-fir, true firs and intermingled conifers in central
Oregon. Also, new infestations of BALSAM WOOLLY APHID (Chermes piceae) developed
in lowland white fir stands in the coastal range of southern Oregon, and LARCH
CASEBEARER (Coleophora laricella) infestations increased in size and severity in
northeast Washington,

The rapid buildup of Douglas-fir tussock moth in scattered areas from Modoc

to El Dorado Counties dominated forest insect conditions in CALIFORNIA. Other
pests important in previous years declined sharply. For example: The WESTERN
PINE BEETLE (Dendroctonus brevicomis) was largely a local probelm, and the
LODGEPOLE NEEDLE MINER (“Recurvaria™ milleri) subsided to low levels.

In the Intermountain States, BARK BEETLES in lodgepole pine were the worst
offenders and killed more than two million trees in epidemic centers in UTAH,
IDAHO and WYOMING. DEFOLIATORS were damaging and destructive with SPRUCE BUDWORM
(Choristoneura fumiferana) predominant among several, The gross area showing
some defoliation by spruce budworm amounted to more than two million acres.

The BLACK-HEADED BUDWORM (Acleris variana) became epidemic on about 40,000 acres,
and an ASPEN LEAF TIER (Sciaphila duplex) continued epidemic on some 170,000
acres. Activity of a PITCH NODULE MOTH (Petrova albicapitana var. arizonensis)
rose sharply in many pinyon pine stands. There was a general increase of the
WHITE-FIR NEEDLE MINER (Epinotia meritana) in southern UTAH. With but two
exceptions, both minor, Engelmann spruce stands in the Intermountain States were
nearly free of BARK BEETLE activity. .
The forests in the northern Rocky Mountains suffered attacks of BARK BEETLES and
defoliation alike. Chronic MOUNTAIN PINE BEETLE, Black Hills beetle (Dendroctonus
ponderosae (=D. monticolae)) infestations resulted in 3 to 14-percent losses in
northern IDAHO white pine stands, and the same insect depleted ponderosa pine
stands in parts of MONTANA. An epidemic of Douglas-fir tussock moth spread over
190,000 acres of grand and Douglas-fir type in IDAHO, and scattered outbreaks

also occurred in MONTANA. Spruce budworm infestations continued at high levels

on some 2.2 million acres in MONTANA and IDAHO, and the larch casebearer continued
its spread in both States. FOREST TENT CATERPILLAR (Malacosoma disstria) epidem-
ics severely defoliated broadleaf trees on large acreages in northern IDAHO.

The mountain pine beetle, Black Hills beetle, was the most serious forest insect
in the central Rocky Mountains, but concerted effort by land-managing agencies
checked most infestations. A potentially serious outbreak of the ENGELMANN

SPRUCE BEETLE, Sitka-spruce beetle (Dendroctonus obesus (= D. engelmanni)) was
discovered in the Green Horn Mountains in south central COLORADO, and a new out-
break of mountain pine beetle, Black Hills beetle, occurred on the Medicine Bow
National Forest in south central WYOMING. Spruce budworm infestations in COLORADO
forests increased in size and severity, with activity centered along the eastern
Slope of the Sangre de Cristo Range, San Isabel National Forest.

Insect activity increased in the Southwest. Spruce budworm infestations in
southern NEW MEXICO spread from 50,000 to 90,000 acres and those on 350,000
acres in the northern part of the State intensified. An Engelmann spruce beetle,
Sita-spruce beetle, infestation erupted on Mt. Taylor, and new outbreaks of PINE

- 354 -

BARK BEETLES seriously damaged ponderosa pine stands. The white-fir needle miner,
previously unrecorded in the Southwest, damaged several thousand acres of white
fir on the North Kaibab Plateau. The DOUGLAS-FIR BEETLE (Dendroctonus pseudo-
tsugae) was particularly serious near Williams, ARIZONA, and a PINYON NEEDLE
SCALE (Matsucoccus acalyptus)was again active at Grand Canyon National Park.

Conditions in the Central, Southern, Southeastern and Northeastern Forest Regions

Conifer DEFOLIATORS and hardwood BORERS were the most damaging insects in the

Lake and Central States. The JACK-PINE BUDWORM (Choristoneura pinus) increased

in number and became general throughout large areas in northern Lower MICHIGAN,
WISCONSIN, and in central and north central MINNESOTA, The PINE TUSSOCK MOTH
(Dasychira plagiata) also reached outbreak levels in parts of WISCONSIN. Moderate
to heavy CARPENTERWORM (Prionoxystus robiniae) and WOOD BORER attacks on oaks
continued at many locations in the Central States, and damage and degrade to
attacked trees were severe.

The SOUTHERN PINE BEETLE (Dendroctonus frontalis) remained the most troublesome
insect in the South and Southeast, and a resurgence late in the year portends
serious losses in 1965. BLACK TURPENTINE BEETLE (D. terebrans) activity was
local, but in the aggregate, killed many trees. The BALSAM WOOLLY APHID (Chermes
piceae) killed many Fraser firs in the mountains of NORTH CAROLINA, and infesta-
tions were found at several new locations. A LOBLOLLY PINE SAWFLY (Neodiprion
taedae linearis) was widespread in ARKANSAS and abundant at two locations in
LOUISIANA,

Drought in the Northeast caused concern, especially in parts of PENNSYLVANIA
and NEW YORK, where valuable hardwood stands were heavily defoliated by the
FALL CANKERWORM (Alsophila pometaria) and OAK LEAF ROLLERS, New HEMLOCK SCALE
(Aspidiotus ithacae) infestations are a potential threat to native hemlocks.
Also, the RED-PINE SCALE (Matsucoccus resinosae) continued to spread slowly in
southern NEW YORK and southwestern CONNECTICUT. Activity of the FOREST TENT
CATERPILLAR (Malacosoma disstria), the HEMLOCK LOOPER (Lambdina fiscellaria)
and the LARCH SAWFLY (Pristiphora erichsonii) increased in MAINE.

Suppression Activities

Federal and State agencies and owners and managers of private forest lands made
concerted efforts during 1964 to check the damage and loss caused by insects.
Overall, good progress was made in controlling virulent outbreaks of bark beetles
and in suppressing widescale epidemics of forest defoliators. However, some
infestations were unattended because of shortages of funds, lack of suitable
control methods, or other reasons.

The largest control undertakings were against bark beetles in the Intermountain
and Rocky Mountain Regions. Involved in the mountain pine beetle, Black Hills
beetle, control in lodgepole pine stands on the Ashley, Wasatch, Cache, Caribou,
Teton and Targhee National Forests in Idaho, Utah and Wyoming were felling and
burning, salvage and spraying of more than 250,000 trees. Mountain pine beetle,
Black Hills beetle, control in ponderosa pine in the Black Hills of South Dakota
and Wyoming, the Big Horn Mountains in Wyoming, and the Front Range Mountains in
Colorado, involved treatment of some 260,000 trees. Results against the beetles
were reported as good. However, new infestations at other locations and mainte-
nance work, particularly in lodgepole pine stands in Idaho and Wyoming, will
require additional large-scale control operations in 1965,

Bark beetle control in the pine stands of the South and Southeast continued,

but at a reduced rate. A total of 33 projects involved treatment of approximately
167,000 trees infested by the southern pine beetle and 650,000 trees and stumps
infested by the black turpentine beetle,

= 355 =

The resurgence of southern pine beetle infestations at year's end in the South
and Southeast portends a serious situation which might require an increase in
control operations in 1965. Persistent infestations of the black turpentine
beetle, particularly on parts of the Kisatchie National Forest, Louisiana, and
on National Forests in Texas,.also will require additional effort.

Spruce budworm suppression on the Salmon National Forest in Idaho and on the
Lolo and Deerlodge National Forests, Montana, was the major effort against
defoliating insects. Approximately 525,000 acres were sprayed on the Salmon
National Forest, and some 155,000 acres were treated on the two National Forests
in Montana. Intensive monitoring of these spray projects, increased use of
helicopters in spray operations, and use of the more expensive nonpersistent
pesticides increased the cost of these projects over previous years.

A summary of pest control operations for 1964 is presented in the following
tabulation,

Pest Control Accomplishments

Project Location Trees treated Acres sprayed

Mountain pine beetle Utah, Idaho, Wyoming 249,000
Black Hills beetle South Dakota, Colorado, 260 ,000

Wyoming
Southern pine beetle South and Southeast 167,000
Black turpentine beetle South and Southeast 654, 0002"
Western pine beetle California 12,500
Engelmann spruce beetle Colorado, Utah, New 8,600

Mexico
Spruce budworm Idaho, Montana, Maine 775,000
Pine tussock moth Wisconsin 8,500
Tent caterpillars Southwest 2,500
Jack-pine budworm Michigan 1,200
Miscellaneous insects Countrywide 86,000 3,400

Total 1,437,100 790, 600

1/ Includes treating of stumps.

- 356 -

REGIONAL OFFICE ADDRESSES

U. S. FOREST SERVICE

Region Region
1 U. S. Forest Service 6 U. S. Forest Service
Federal Building P. O. Box 3623
Missoula, Montana 59801 Portland, Oregon 97208
2 U. S. Forest Service ri U. S. Forest Service
Federal Center 6816 Market Street
Building 85 Upper Darby, Pennsylvania 19082
Denver, Colorado 80225
8 U. S. Forest Service
3 U. S. Forest Service 50 Seventh Street, N. E.
New Federal Building Atlanta, Georgia 30323
517 Gold Street, S. W.
Albuquerque, New Mexico 87101 9 U. S. Forest Service
710 N. Sixth Street
4 U. S. Forest Service Milwaukee, Wisconsin 53203
Forest Service Building
Ogden, Utah 84403 10 U. S. Forest Service
Fifth Street Office Building
5 U. S. Forest Service P. O. Box 1631
630 Sansome Street Juneau, Alaska 99801

San Francisco, California 94111

SHADE TREE INSECTS

Highlights:

FALL WEBWORM was unusually heavy on shade trees throughout Indiana and popula-
tions were high in south central and southwest Missouri. Infestations were not
as abundant in Louisiana as they were in 1963 and populations were not as heavy
in New Mexico as for the past four years. Fall webworm has all but vanished
from western Washington. CANKERWORMS, including FALL CANKERWORM and SPRING
CANKERWORM, were of concern in some New England States, in western New York,
several areas in Lower Michigan and heavy at a few locations in California.
Several TENT CATERPILLARS were of concern in various States from the Atlantic
to Pacific Oceans, as were various other Lepidoptera.

ELM LEAF BEETLE was severe in Grant County, Washington, was a problem in many
areas of California, and new infestations found in Arizona apparently indicate
a very rapid and widespread dispersal in that State. Elms were damaged and/or
defoliated in New Mexico, Colorado, Nebraska, Kansas, Missouri, Illinois,
Oklahoma, Texas, Arkansas and other Southern States as well as in New York and
some of the New England States. LARGER ELM LEAF BEETLE was more extensive and
severe in the Piedmont area of North Carolina than in previous years. LOCUST
LEAF MINER was reported in three new counties in Illinois and SMALLER EUROPEAN
ELM BARK BEETLE was found for the first time in Nevada, as well as being of
concern in several of the States where it is known-to occur.

Various SCALE INSECTS and some APHIDS were of concern and caused varying degrees
of damage to shade trees throughout the Nation during the past season.

FALL WEBWORM (Hyphantria cunea) populations were light on various hardwoods in
southern MAINE in late July, being noticeably below 1963 levels. This arctiid
moth was present statewide in RHODE ISLAND, but inconspicuous and spotty except

= 357 =

for concentrations in Jamestown, Newport County. First hatch of this pest in
the State was noted in Peace Dale, Washington County, on July 16. Fall webworm
was more common on trees and shrubs in OHIO and was unusually heavy on shade

and ornamental trees throughout INDIANA during 1964. Nests of this pest were
common throughout ILLINOIS and abundant in some localities. In MISSOURI, the
highest fall webworm populations were found in the southcentral and southwestern
sections of the State. Heaviest damage in Missouri this season was inflicted
on persimmon, but much webbing and defoliation occurred on black walnut and
hickory. Fall webworm occurred in isolated local infestations in KANSAS during
the 1964 season, with some infestations being severe.

Fall webworm damaged shade and ornamental trees in ALABAMA during 1964. Infest-
ations of this arctiid were not as abundant in LOUISIANA as they were in 1963,
although moderate to heavy infestations occurred in several areas on pecan and
sweetgum in spite of heavy pressure from biological control agents. Fall

webworm appeared early in the season in ARKANSAS and populations were heavy

until the occurrence of above-normal rainfall in August. Fall webworm damaged
shade trees and ornamentals and caused general concern in one or more areas of
TEXAS during 1964. Damage by fall webworm was evident in most areas of NEW MEXICO
during the year. Populations were not as heavy during the summer of 1964 as

they have been during the past four years in New Mexico, except where heavy
populations defoliated poplar, fruitless mulberry and pecan trees in southern
Dona Ana County. Fall webworm has all but vanished from western WASHINGTON since
1963.

The FALL CANKERWORM (Alsophila pometaria) population was moderate and caused
light damage to elms in an area north of Old Town, Hancock County, MAINE. Only
pupae could be found in this area by July 6. In RHODE ISLAND, localized con-
centrations of unspecified CANKERWORMS were reported from Lincoln and Smithfield
in Providence County. Populations of these pests of shade trees were very heavy
the previous two years in Cranston, Providence County, and in Wakefield,
Washington County, but populations declined in 1964. Cankerworms were also much
less abundant in CONNECTICUT in 1964 than they were in 1963. Fall cankerworm
and SPRING CANKERWORM (Paleacrita vernata) were not as abundant in the south-
eastern section of Long Island, NEW YORK, where they have been severe for the
past several years. Both species caused extensive defoliation of shade trees

in several communities in Erie County this season. Larvae of fall cankerworm
and spring cankerworm were numerous in several areas in Lower MICHIGAN in late
May, and undetermined cankerworms injured shade trees and shrubbery in Muskegon
and Iron Counties in mid-June.

Spring cankerworm damaged shade and ornamental trees, as well as forest trees,
in MISSOURI during 1964, and occurred in small, local infestations which were
sometimes severe in KANSAS. Unspecified cankerworms were very abundant on
various shade trees and shrubs in eastern NORTH DAKOTA this season, with fall
cankerworm being the dominant species. Fall cankerworm was quite heavy on alder
trees in a few locations in CALIFORNIA.

LINDEN LOOPER (Erannis tiliaria) was not abundant in the southeastern section
of NEW YORK during 1964, where it has been severe for the past several years.
In the western section of the State, however, linden looper caused extensive
defoliation in several Erie County communities.

In western NEW YORK, a combination of spring cankerworm, fall cankerworm and
linden looper caused complete defoliation of large acreages of maple orchards,
including seedling growth.

TENT CATERPILLARS were of some concern in various States during the 1964 season.
EASTERN TENT CATERPILLAR (Malacosoma americanum) eggs began hatching between
April 29 and May 2 in the Augusta area of Kennebec County and the Starks area

of Sommerset County, MAINE, with tents being noticeable by May 6. Light
infestations of this pest caused light damage to ornamental apple and wild
cherry between Jonesboro and Cherryfield, Washington County, with a similar

= 398 =

degree of activity reported from Androscoggin and Sagadahoc Counties, Maine.
Heavy larval infestations of this lasiocampid moth occurred statewide on wild
cherry in VERMONT and larvae, seeking resting places, were annoying to house-—
holders. Eastern tent caterpillar egg hatch was observed April 20 in Lincoln,
Providence County, RHODE ISLAND. Localized, heavy concentrations of this pest
were heaviest in the northern part of the State as usual. Eastern tent cater-—-
pillar was very light in NEW YORK during 1964, and some infestations on shade
trees were reported in VIRGINIA. This shade tree pest was also reported infesting
wild cherry in many counties throughout Virginia this season. Eastern tent
caterpillar damaged shade and ornamental trees in ALABAMA during the 1964 season,
and was general and abundant on wild cherry in GEORGIA, where it moved from this
host to roses during the season.

Eastern tent caterpillar was extremely abundant in southwestern INDIANA during
the spring. After defoliation of host trees, populations moved in "armies" to
new food sources. Eggs of this lasiocampid moth began hatching in the southern
third of ILLINOIS April 7-8. Populations were widely distributed over that
State during 1964, with very heavy infestations occurring in some areas. In
MISSOURI, this pest damaged shade trees and ornamentals, as well as forest trees.
Small, local infestations of eastern tent caterpillar occurred in KANSAS during
the 1964 season, some of these infestations being severe at times.

FOREST TENT CATERPILLAR (Malacosoma disstria) egg hatch was underway in MAINE
by May 13 in the Caribou area of Aroostook County. Severe defoliation of poplar
occurred in this region by early summer. Defoliation was particularly heavy in
Caribou and Presque Isle, Aroostook County, and in the Grand Lake area of
Piscataquis County. Although forest tent caterpillar was less abundant in
commercial hardwood forests of LOUISIANA in 1964, it was a serious problem on
shade trees in the areas of Baton Rouge, New Orleans and Opelousas. Forest tent
caterpillar and M. tigris caused moderate to severe damage to oaks in central
TEXAS during the 1964 Season, with the general infestations of these two pests
appearing to be more damaging than in 1963. Forest tent caterpillar and GREAT
BASIN TENT CATERPILLAR (M. fragile) were pests of deciduous shade trees in
COLORADO during 1964. te

TENT CATERPILLARS (Malacosoma spp.) damaged oaks and other ornamentals as well
as native shrubs, in CALIFORNIA during the 1964 season. Malacosoma spp. eggs
began hatching about May 3 in San Juan County, WASHINGTON, and infestations
became heavy on ornamental and fruit trees and other plants by late May in
Clark County.

GREEN-STRIPED MAPLEWORM (Anisota rubicunda) occurred in isolated local infesta-
tions in KANSAS during the 1964 season, being severe in some instances, and
damaged shade and ornamental trees, as well as forest trees, in MISSOURI.

ORANGE-STRIPED OAKWORM (Anisota senatoria) caused nearly complete defoliation

of lower limbs and tips of higher branches of oaks in area north of Hanover,

Jo Daviess County, ILLINOIS, during August and September. In GEORGIA, light to
moderate infestations of this pest occurred on oaks and other shade trees in
the Atlanta area during the 1964 season. Orange-striped oakworm was not
observed and no reports of complaints concerning this pest were made in

RHODE ISLAND.

EUROPEAN PINE SHOOT MOTH (Rhyacionia buoliana) infestations were average on
ornamental plantings and nurseries in RHODE ISLAND, but continued to increase
on ornamentals in PENNSYLVANIA during the 1964 season. Larval infestations of
this olethreutid moth were widespread in many Lower MICHIGAN Scotch pine
plantations. Pupation began the last week of May and adults began emerging
the second week of June, as indicated by data taken from plantations in
Livingston and Van Buren Counties. The winter survival survey in WISCONSIN
showed that 20 percent of European pine shoot moth larvae survived the winter
of 1963-1964. Populations were generally low throughout the State during 1964,

= 359 =

except at a few isolated locations. Considerable evidence of BOXELDER TWIG
BORER (Proteoteras willingana) activity was observed in the Bottineau area of
Bottineau County, NORTH DAKOTA during the 1964 season.

VARIABLE OAK LEAF CATERPILLAR (Heterocampa manteo) occurred on oak trees in the
northwestern sections of TEXAS, and defoliated oaks throughout the eastern half
of OKLAHOMA from mid-September to late October. In KANSAS, variable oak leaf
caterpillar and larvae of other notodontid moths, which caused much defoliation
in 1963, were present in only a few, small, local infestations in the State
during 1964. YELLOW-NECKED CATERPILLAR (Datana ministra) caused noticeable
defoliation of many oaks in the central section of ILLINOIS, but did not appear to
be so widespread or so abundant as it has been in recent years.

Several other Lepidoptera were of concern on shade trees in the Nation during
the 1964 season. SATIN MOTH (Stilpnotia salicis) caused moderate damage to
Carolina poplar in many localities of MAINE during late May, with light damage
being reported in South Portland, Cumberland County. Satin moth damaged poplar
and willow trees in Siskiyou and Modoc Counties, CALIFORNIA. SADDLEBACK CATER-
PILLAR (Sibine stimulea) fed on maples in north Kingston, Washington County,
RHODE ISLAND, September 2. BUCK MOTH (Hemileuca maia) populations were much
reduced in LOUISIANA from those present during recent years, but the light
populations present during 1964 were annoying in the areas of Baton Rouge,

New Orleans and Opelousas.

OAK SKELETONIZER (Bucculatrix ainsliella) skeletonized leaves on a few oak trees
in the central section of ILLINOIS during July, and larval infestations of
AMERICAN DAGGER MOTH (Acronicta americana) on boxelder were heavy but spotted in
southern Washoe County, NEVADA, during late July and into September. UGLY-NEST
CATERPILLAR (Archips cerasivoranus) infested deciduous shade trees in COLORADO
during the 1964 season.

MOURNING-CLOAK BUTTERFLY (Nymphalis antiopa) larvae were present on deciduous
shade trees in COLORADO, and generally caused light to medium damage to elms in
several areas of NEBRASKA. Scattered larval infestations of this nymphalid
butterfly occurred on elm and willow in eastern areas of NORTH DAKOTA. Larvae
of mourning-cloak butterfly were heavy on a few poplars in the Blue Hill area
of Hancock County, MAINE, in early July.

ELM LEAF BEETLE (Galerucella xanthomelaena) was severe in all stages on elm in
Grant County, WASHINGTON, in late June, with skeletonizing of leaves being severe
by mid-July. This leaf beetle was a problem in many areas of CALIFORNIA,
requiring considerable control on elms, which are important shade trees in the
State. The new infestations of this chrysomelid beetle found in ARIZONA during
1964 appear to indicate a very rapid and widespread dispersal of this insect
there. Old, estabiished infestations increased in size and severe damage occurred
on trees in many areas. This beetle is rapidly becoming a problem to homeowners
in Arizona. During the summer and fall, light to heavy populations of elm leaf
beetle were found defoliating Chinese elm trees in Rio Arriba, Santa Fe,
Bernalillo, Valencia, Sandoval and Quay Counties, NEW MEXICO. This leaf beetle
severely damaged or defoliated elms in all areas of the Arkansas River Valley
section of COLORADO and has become established in all communities in the western
part of the State where high numbers were observed in most areas and most
communities conducted spray programs.

Elm leaf beetle populations and damage were medium to heavy in the infested areas
of NEBRASKA, and the pest was reported from 8 new counties in KANSAS during the
1964 season. Reports of severe defoliation by second, third and fourth
generations were more numerous than in previous years. This leaf beetle is
rapidly becoming the most serious pest of shade trees in Kansas. This leaf-
feeding beetle caused light to heavy damage over MISSOURI during the season,
especially in metropolitan areas. Elm leaf beetle caused severe browning of
Chinese elm leaves in southern ILLINOIS by July 1, and many severely browned
Chinese elms were observed in the central section of the State August 3-6.

— 360) —

At this time, larvae were rapidly reaching full development with many pupae being
observed around bases of trees. A few elm leaf beetle adults were also
observed.

Elm leaf beetle caused serious damage throughout most areas of OKLAHOMA for the
seventh consecutive year. Adults began to move from hibernation quarters in
early April, egg laying began in late April and activity of this pest continued
in the State until early October. This leaf beetle caused considerable damage
to elms in the north and northwestern areas of TEXAS, and is apparently on the
increase in the State. Elm leaf beetle was heavier and more widespread in
ARKANSAS during 1964 than at any time in the past. Adults were very active

and severe feeding occurred in the northwestern sections of the State by late
April. The first seasonal emergence record in Arkansas in 1964 was in early
April. This chrysomelid beetle damaged shade and ornamental trees in ALABAMA.
Infestations in GEORGIA were general and populations were moderate to heavy.

Elm leaf beetle populations ranged medium to heavy on elms in various sections
of VIRGINIA and were unusually abundant in all sections of MARYLAND where they
caused considerable damage to American elms. This pest of Shade trees was
moderate to heavy across NEW YORK during the 1964 season, and was general in
RHODE ISLAND, with isolated variation in abundance. This beetle was perhaps

a little less noticeable in Rhode Island this season than it was in 1963. Elm
leaf beetle was also noticeably less numerous during 1964 than during 1963 in
the southern and central sections of MAINE. Light to moderate infestations were
reported from Augusta, Kennebec County; Bridgton, Cumberland County; and
Richmond, Sagadahoc County, on July 20. This species was mostly in the pupal
stage in Maine on that date.

LARGER ELM LEAF BEETLE (Monocesta coryli) was reported to be more extensive and
severe in the Piedmont region of NORTH CAROLINA than in previous years. The
first adults of the 1964 season in North Carolina were taken on June 9 in
Guilford County. Moderate to heavy infestations of larger elm leaf beetle
occurred on elms at a few locations in GEORGIA this year.

LOCUST LEAF MINER (Xenochalepus dorsalis) was reported from Washington, Hardin
and Pike Counties, ILLINOIS, for the first time during the 1964 season. This
pest was not evident in RHODE ISLAND, however. A LEAF BEETLE (Plagiomorpha
arizonae) severely damaged willow trees and shrubs at Veyo, Washington County,
UTAH, on June 9, with one species of willow being more severely damaged than
other species. Determination of this leaf beetle was made by G. B. Vogt.

SMALLER EUROPEAN ELM BARK BEETLE (Scolytus multistriatus) was found on elms over
a wide area in the northern and northwestern sections of TEXAS and was active

in OKLAHOMA during the 1964 season. Light infestations were found for the
first time in Lyon and Pershing Counties, NEVADA. This vector of Dutch elm
disease is now found in almost all counties in-the southeastern quarter of
MINNESOTA. The disease is found in the Monticello area of Wright County and

in the Minneapolis-St. Paul area of the State, and showed a nominal increase
during the 1964 season.

TWIG PRUNER (Elaphidion villosum) ranged light to moderate in numbers and caused
light damage to oaks and some maples in the southern section of MAINE in mid-July.
This cerambycid beetle was generally noticeable along roadsides throughout

RHODE ISLAND, although it was perhaps a little less conspicuous this year than in
previous years. Infestations of TWIG GIRDLER (Oncideres cingulata) were con-
sidered to be about average in ARKANSAS during 1964 and the pest severed branches
from elm trees at various locations in eastern KANSAS. Adults of GREEN JUNE
BEETLE (Cotinis nitida) were reported as heavy on some maple trees in the extreme
southern section of ILLINOIS during late June and early July. BRONZE BIRCH

BORER (Agrilus anxiuS) was present in all urban areas of MINNESOTA, where
European white birch and native birch were most susceptible. A number of fields
of native and nursery grown birch were refused certification because of the
presence of this buprestid beetle. POPLAR-AND-WILLOW BORER (Sternochetus lapathi)

=> S01 =

was active on young poplar in a nursery at Oakes, Dickey County, NORTH DAKOTA.
RED ELM BARK WEEVIL (Magdalis armicollis) infested deciduous shade trees in
COLORADO during the 1964 season.

OYSTERSHELL SCALE (Lepidosaphes ulmi) infestations ranged moderate to heavy on
willow and other shade trees at Santa Fe, Santa Fe County, NEW MEXICO, and the
pest was present on deciduous trees and ornamental shrubs in COLORADO. Infest-
ations remained approximately the same in WYOMING as they were in 1963. A few
new infestations of oystershell scale were noted, with severe damage inflicted
to some elm and ash trees and lilac bushes throughout the State. Control
measures, where properly timed and applied, were generally effective. Many
inquiries concerning oystershell scale were made in VIRGINIA during the 1964
season, and some heavy infestations were noted on elms in New Castle County,
DELAWARE. This armored scale was severe on shade trees in NEW YORK and moderately
abundant on ornamental and shade trees in CONNECTICUT.

An ARMORED SCALE (Fiorinia externa) occurred in nurseries and on hemlock in
the southeastern area Of PENNSYLVANIA. OBSCURE SCALE (Chrysomphalus obscurus)
was heavy on large oaks on several properties in Montgomery and Prince Georges
Counties, MARYLAND, and GLOOMY SCALE (C. tenebricosus) was severe on several
maple trees in one section of VIRGINIA. OLEANDER SCALE (Aspidiotus hederae)
was a problem on many shade trees and ornamentals over CALIFORNIA during the
1964 season.

EUROPEAN ELM SCALE (Gossyparia spuria) was a statewide problem on shade trees
in CALIFORNIA and light to moderate populations damaged European elm trees in
the Albuquerque area of Bernalillo County, NEW MEXICO. Infestations of this
dactylopiid scale were approximately the same in WYOMING as they were in 1963.
A few new infestations were noted, however, with severe damage occurring on
some ash and elm trees and some lilac bushes throughout the State. When
properly timed and applied, however, control measures were generally effective.
European elm scale infestations were as severe as in the past throughout the
western part of KANSAS during the 1964 season. Elm branches containing several
thousands of overwintering nymphs were collected from a number of localities
in Kansas. Ten individuals of a parasitic EULOPHID (Physcus varicornis) were
reared from these collections. An OAK KERMES SCALE (Kermes bougei) was active
on oak in OKLAHOMA during the 1964 season.

TULIPTREE SCALE (Toumeyella liriodendri) was not common on shade trees in

RHODE ISLAND during 1964, although heavy numbers were noted on several trees

in Kenyon, Washington County. Crawlers were active September 28. Increased
populations of this soft scale caused considerable concern with respect to

shade and ornamental trees again in INDIANA during the summer of the 1964 season.
This pest also appears to be moving into the forest areas of the State and may
cause some future damage in these areas. Tuliptree scale infested a limited
number of tuliptrees in San Jose, Santa Clara County, CALIFORNIA, where an
eradicative treatment program is underway. en dE irene

COTTONY MAPLE SCALE (Pulvinaria innumerabilis) was found to be extremely heavy
on silver maples in and near Howard Lake, Wright County, MINNESOTA. Nearby towns
also exhibited sharp increases in populations. No heavy infestations of this
pest were found in nurseries in the area; however, trace infestations were found
in several nurseries in other parts of Minnesota. Cottony maple scale eggs
began hatching by June 16 in the southern counties of WISCONSIN. Populations
were unusually high this season and elms were being killed in Walworth County.
This soft scale was again abundant in northwestern INDIANA during 1964.
Populations in the Fowler area of Benton County continued to be severe. For
the past several years populations of this pest have been generally low in
Indiana, but an apparent buildup in populations is again underway.

EUROPEAN FRUIT LECANIUM (Lecanium corni) was heavy and injured American elms
in the Bangor area of Penobscot County, MAINE. This injury in combination with
drought conditions contributed to excessive and premature abscission of twigs

= 362) -

at the terminal bud scale. Several infestations of CALICO SCALE (Lecanium
cerasorum) were noted on maples and sweetgum in northern New Castle County,
DELAWARE, and this soft scale was general on liquidamber trees in Marin County,
CALIFORNIA. An isolated infestation of TERRAPIN SCALE (L. nigrofasciatum) was
noted on elm in the Fargo area of Cass County, NORTH DAKOTA.

SOFT SCALES (Lecanium spp.) were severe on shade trees in NEW YORK, and were
again prevalent on oaks in NORTH CAROLINA during April, May and June. Crawlers
were present in Duplin County, North Carolina, during the third week of May and
in Vance County during the second week of June.

GOLDEN OAK SCALE (Asterolecanium variolosum) infestations were general on oaks
in the San Joaquin Valley and a PIT SCALE (A. minus) was heavy on deciduous
oaks in Napa County, both in CALIFORNIA. Also in California, a MARGARODID
SCALE (Stomacoccus platani) was a general pest of sycamores.

Several other Hemiptera caused some concern during the 1964 season. WOOLLY

ALDER APHID (Prociphilus tessellatus) occurred in moderate numbers and caused
light damage to Silver maple in Southern MAINE. This aphid was noted occasionally
on soft maple in VERMONT and heavy infestations on stems and twigs of alder
occurred at various locations in the State. Woolly alder aphid was often
reported infesting maple in NORTH CAROLINA this season during late May through
June, especially in the Piedmont area. Infestations of this aphid ranged

moderate to heavy on maple in northern GEORGIA as they did in 1963.

WOOLLY ELM APHID (Eriosoma americanum) was quite common in northeastern NORTH
DAKOTA, and large populations caused much curling of leaves of American elm
trees in WYOMING. The largest infestations in Wyoming were found in the Big
Horn Basin area, but smaller infestations were found throughout the State.
Control efforts were used in many areas with only a limited degree of success
in most instances.

PAINTED MAPLE APHID (Drepanaphis acerifoliae) was heavy on maple during October
and early November in southern Washoe County, NEVADA; and was a local problem
on maple trees in Fresno and Yuba Counties, CALIFORNIA.

A PERIODICAL CICADA (Magicicada septendecim) damaged shade and ornamental trees
in MISSOURI this season. Adults first appeared in KANSAS in timberlands along
the Missouri River bluffs north and west of Wathena, Doniphan County, about

May 23, and emergence was at a peak by June 3. A number of shade trees were
injured by oviposition punctures. In FLORIDA, a LEAFHOPPER (Kunzeana sp.)
caused severe yellowing of leaves of Bahama Tysiloma (Lysiloma bahamensis)

in areas where this species is used as a shade tree. BOXWOOD PSYLLID (Ps Psylla
buxi) infested English boxwood in VIRGINIA, and HACKBERRY-NIPPLE-GALL MAKER
(Pachypsylla celtidismamma) occurred on de ciduous shade trees in COLORADO.

SYCAMORE LACE BUG (Corythucha ciliata) was numerous, as usual, wherever the

host tree is commonly grown for shade in KANSAS. Colonies in Ingham County,
MICHIGAN, built up and caused discoloration of sycamore leaves in July, with
populations persisting into September.

YELLOW-HEADED SPRUCE SAWFLY (Pikonema alaskensis) infested spruce in MAINE

at Ellsworth, Hancock County, in early July and occasionally defoliated
ornamental spruce. MAPLE PETIOLE BORER (Caulocampus acericaulis) populations
in CONNECTICUT during 1964 were down from the 1963 levels. ELM LEAF MINER
(Fenusa ulmi) infestations were local but widely scattered in NEW YORK, ELM
SAWFLY (Cimbex americana) was moderate on elm in some southern areas of NORTH
DAKOTA this season, BROWN-HEADED ASH SAWFLY (Tomostethus multicinctus) required
controls on ash trees in Tehama County, CALIFORNIA.

Various GALL WASPS caused distortion of leaves and defoliation of oaks in
southeastern sections of KANSAS during the 1964 season. During the past two or
three years, very severe infestations of a GALL WASP (Plagiotrichus punctatus)

= 363) —

have occurred on large oak trees in DELAWARE, and this was again the
situation in 1964.

MAPLE BLADDER-GALL MITE (Vasates quadripedes) resulted in numerous complaints
by homeowners in RHODE ISLAND. This probably reflects increased popularity
of host plants. This eriophyid mite was also numerous in CONNECTICUT during
the 1964 season.

ORNAMENTAL INSECTS

Highlights:

BAGWORM was severe in Georgia, Oklahoma, Kansas, Illinois and Maryland, was
heavier than usual in Arkansas, and was recorded for the first time in Ormsby
County, Nevada. A GERANIUM PLUME MOTH (Platyptilia pica) caused serious damage
to geraniums in Ohio and was serious on this host in California. MIMOSA WEBWORM
caused serious damage in New Jersey, Maryland, Illinois and Missouri, was heavier
than usual in Arkansas and spread in Ohio and Illinois. Several WEEVILS caused
varying degrees of concern over the Nation during the 1964 season, and ROSE
CHAFER occurred in damaging numbers in several areas of New England. APHIDS
caused considerable concern on ornamentals throughout the Nation, and numerous
SCALE INSECTS and a few MEALYBUGS were damaging to ornamentals as well. SPIDER
MITES were of considerable concern in various areas of the Country and ERIOPHYID
MITES were damaging in a few locations this season.

BAGWORM (Thyridopteryx ephemeraeformis) infestations were very severe on ornamen-
tal arborvitae, juniper and cedar in GEORGIA. Populations were heavier than
usual during 1964 in ARKANSAS, with some damage noted to deciduous ornamentals.
Infestations of bagworm were present in the usual degree of severity in most
areas of TEXAS, and heavy populations caused considerable damage to ornamental
evergreens throughout OKLAHOMA from mid-May through early September, Severe
outbreaks of this psychid moth continued to occur in nurseries and shelterbelts
in eastern and south central KANSAS during July and August. Bagworm was recorded
for the first time in Ormsby County, NEVADA, in 1964.

Bagworm caused scattered heavy damage in the eastern portion of MISSOURI on
ornamental as well as native trees. Severe damage to some ornamental evergreens
by this pest occurred in the southern half of ILLINOIS and heavy feeding on some
ornamental evergreen, sycamore and maple trees in the central sections of the
State was observed in early August. Bagworm infested ornamental shrubbery in
VIRGINIA and caused serious damage to arborvitae and junipers on several occasions
in MARYLAND. Bagworm infested several acres of Scotch pine Christmas trees in
Snyder County, PENNSYLVANIA, with damage observed on numerous trees.

SPRUCE NEEDLE MINER (Taniva albolineana) infestations ranged moderate to heavy
on ornamental spruces in Benton County, WASHINGTON, during the late spring and
in Whitman County in early summer. Spruce needle miner infested ornamental
coniferous trees in COLORADO and was common on ornamental spruce in southern
NORTH DAKOTA during the 1964 season. In RHODE ISLAND, ornamental spruce was
damaged by Larvae of this olethreutid moth in Middletown, Newport County, in
mid-June.

JUNIPER WEBWORM (Dichomeris marginella) larvae damaged ornamental junipers in
New Castle County, DELAWARE, during mid-May and infested evergreen shrubbery in
VIRGINIA during the season, A JUNIPER TWIG MOTH (Periploca nigra) was serious
on ornamental junipers in CALIFORNIA,

- 364 -

AZALEA CATERPILLAR (Datana major) appeared suddenly on some plantings of azaleas
in the Gainesville area of Alachua County, FLORIDA, during the summer of 1964.
These infestations were spotty, but often resulted in the defoliation of indivi-
dual plants. Larval infestations of this notodontid moth were general and
especially heavy in southern GEORGIA and damaged ornamental shrubs along coastal
areas of ALABAMA,

HAG MOTH (Phobetron pithecium) was observed feeding on ornamental shrubbery in
Westerly in early August and a PLUTELLID MOTH (Argyresthia sp.) was locally

heavy on arborvitae in Wakefield, both in Washington County, RHODE ISLAND.
AMERICAN PLUM BORER (Euzophera semifuneralis) was troublesome on London planetrees
on Long Island, NEW YORK. LILAC LEAF MINER (Gracilaria syringella) was collected
for the first time in Vilas and Oneida Counties, WISCONSIN, during the 1964
season. A GERANIUM PLUME MOTH (Platyptilia pica) is now known to occur in 6
counties in OHIO. During 1964 this pest caused severe damage to thousands of
geranium plants in the northeastern part of the Buckeye State. This plume moth
was also a serious pest of geraniums in CALIFORNIA this season. Larvae of
WESTERN TUSSOCK MOTH (Hemerocampa vetusta) began appearing during mid-May in
NEVADA. Peak populations, which were the heaviest observed in several years,
occurred in late June and early July in Ormsby and Washoe Counties. Damage to
bitterbrush, desert peach, serviceberry, wild rose and willow was severe and

some damage to ornamental Prunus spp. and roses also occurred. In one area of
Washoe County, Nevada, a virus killed many of the larvae, but not soon enough to
prevent heavy damage to ornamentals.

FLORIDA FERN CATERPILLAR (Callopistria floridensis) occurred in fairly heavy
outbreak numbers on leatherleaf fern (Polystichum adiantiforme) during the autumn
of 1964 in the Bradenton area of Manatee County, FLORIDA. In this same area of
Florida, BEET ARMYWORM (Spodoptera exigua) was severe on gladiolus and pompons
during the season, and most prevalent on potted chrysanthemums. CORN EARWORM
(Heliothis zea) was often injurious to roses in ALABAMA. TOBACCO BUDWORM (H.
virescens) infested petunias in Lubbock County, TEXAS, and damaged geraniums in
many Locations of CALIFORNIA this past season. STALK BORER (Papaipema nebris)
was a serious pest of dahlias in ALABAMA and COLUMBINE BORER (P. purpurifascia)
caused considerable damage to columbine in southeastern NORTH DAKOTA. RED-BACKED
CUTWORM (Euxoa ochrogaster) and several other CUTWORMS damaged many flower gardens
in ALASKA for the first time in several years.

ORANGE TORTRIX (Argyrotaenia citrina) heavily infested greenhouse-grown flowering
and foliage plants in the Puyallup Valley of WASHINGTON during the spring and
fall. In CALIFORNIA, this pest riddled the terminals of ornamental Japanese
black pine at Camarillo in Ventura County, camellia buds in Santa Barbara County
and Bauhinia plants in San Diego County. FRUIT-TREE LEAF ROLLER (Archips
argyrospilus) infested deciduous ornamental trees and shrubs in COLORADO. In
Washoe County, NEVADA, larvae of a LEAF ROLLER MOTH (Choristoneura zZapulata)
caused medium to heavy damage to various ornamental shrubs in late May and June,

Migrating populations of WHITE-LINED SPHINX (Celerio lineata) larvae caused

heavy damage to ornamentals in much of the southern half of ARIZONA, and CATALPA
SPHINX (Ceratomia catalpae) damaged ornamentals as well as shade and forest trees
in MISSOURI.

DOGWOOD BORER (Thamnosphecia scitula) infestations were rather common in dogwood
in New Castle County, DELAWARE, and the pest infested this host in VIRGINIA.
Populations of LILAC BORER (Podosesia syringae syringae) were higher in
CONNECTICUT during 1964 than they were in 1963, and a moderate larval infestation
of this clearwing moth was observed in a nursery in NORTH DAKOTA at Valley City,
Barnes County.

=— 365 -

MIMOSA WEBWORM (Homadaula albizziae) infestations were moderate to high in
southern counties of NEW JERSEY during the 1964 season. Populations of this
pest were heavy in MARYLAND and conspicuously damaged mimosa and honeylocust in
southern areas of that State. Mimosa webworm is now known to occur in 28
counties of OHIO, and the range of this species was extended in ILLINOIS during
the season with 12 new county records being reported. Leaves of many mimosa
and honeylocust trees were completely browned and killed in the southern section.
Honeylocust was also severely browned in the central section of Illinois this
season. Mimosa webworm damaged ornamental, shade and other trees in MISSOURI
and was heavier than normal in ARKANSAS. Mimosa webworm also damaged ornamental
and shade trees in ALABAMA. Mimosa webworm is under control treatment in Chico,
Butte County, CALIFORNIA, the only location this species is known to occur in
that west coast State.

SOD WEBWORMS occurred in high populations in southern counties of NEW JERSEY
throughout the 1964 season. In central and northern counties, there appeared
to be a heavy early population of these pests which diminished through the
summer months.

BLACK VINE WEEVIL (Brachyrhinus sulcatus) larvae were abundant in yew plantings
at Middleton in Newport County, RHODE ISLAND, and first adults of the season
were collected May 20 in Lincoln, Providence County. This weevil was especially
numerous during the 1964 season throughout NEW YORK. Populations of this
curculionid in Lake County, INDIANA, were the heaviest in recent years, with
Many nursery and ornamental plantings being heavily damaged and many yew plants
being killed by larval feeding. Economic injury also increased during 1964 in
the metropolitan area of Indianapolis, Marion County. Black vine weevil was
recorded for the first time in WISCONSIN during 1964 when specimens were
collected in Jefferson County.

STRAWBERRY ROOT WEEVIL (Brachyrhinus ovatus) caused "flagging" of arborvitae
at several locations in MINNESOTA and was eSpecially numerous throughout NEW
YORK during the season,

Several other WEEVILS were of some concern in various areas of the Nation during
the 1964 season. Populations of Pissodes approximatus are increasing on Christmas
tree plantations in NEW YORK, particularly on Scotch pine, due to selective
cutting practices. Serious browning of lateral branches on marketable healthy
trees is prevalent in most established plantations in New York. Adults of
Pseudocneorhinus bifasciatus (a Japanese weevil) were rather abundant in DELAWARE
during early July, feeding on the foliage of several ornamentals, especially
lilac and forsythia. Adults of Brachyrhinus spp. caused medium to heavy damage
to lilac and privet foliage in Douglas and Washoe Counties, NEVADA, during August
and September. Nemocestes incomptus and Brachyrhinus singularis damaged prim-
roses in King County, WASHINGTON, during early fall and Nemocestes sp. damaged

a home garden near Seattle. N. incomptus also caused the loss of 5,000 rhododen-
dron plants in Pacific County, Washington. HOLLYHOCK WEEVIL (Apion longirostre)
infested hollyhock in a few locations in the northern section of CALIFORNIA,

and A. fuscirostre was heavy in Scotch broom seed pods in El Dorado and Nevada
Counties.

ROSE CURCULIO (Rhynchites bicolor) was observed on rose in Warwick, Kent County,
RHODE ISLAND, in late June. This curculionid caused heavy damage to roses in
the Esmond area of Benson County, NORTH DAKOTA, and infested ornamental shrubs
in COLORADO. Heavy larval infestations of a BILLBUG (Sphenophorus phoeniciensis)
caused spotted damage to ornamentals in central and western sections of ARIZONA
during the late spring of 1964,

ROSE CHAFER (Macrodactylus subspinosus) was heavy and damaged roses, geraniums
and other plants in Portland and South Portland, Cumberland County, MAINE, this
season. Light infestations and damage were general in Androscoggin and Sagadahoc
Counties, Maine. Heavy populations of this scarab occurred in many areas of
VERMONT in 1964 on a wide variety of ornamental trees and plants. Outbreak

— 366 -

numbers of rose chafer occurred on ornamentals in some areas of Plymouth County,
MASSACHUSETTS Populations in CONNECTICUT were about the same as they were in
1963. Adult numbers of this chafer were lower than usual in most areas of
MICHIGAN. Adult emergence peaked in central and southern counties of Lower
Michigan during the second week of June. In WISCONSIN, rose chafer was reported
to have caused considerable damage to a wide variety of ornamentals throughout
the central section of the State,

A CUBAN MAY BEETLE (Phyllophaga bruneri) definitely became more of a pest of woody
ornamentals and some flowers and fruit trees in the Miami area of Dade County,
FLORIDA, the only known infested area in the United States. This May beetle is
now known to have 65 host plants. The area of infestation increased to north

of Hialeah and Opa Locka extending to Miami Gardens Drive; this is a spread of
approximately three miles. On the south, infestation increased along a peripheral
zone from the downtown area on the east to 0.5 mile west of the Tamiami Airport

on the west. Much of the eastern and southeastern area of infestation extends

to Biscayne Bay. The average extension of infestation along the southern border
waS approximately one mile during 1964. Phyllophaga spp. damaged ornamentals

and caused general concern in one or more areas of TEXAS during the 1964 season.

A SCARAB (Pelidnota punctata) was collected in a field at Rumford in Providence
County and in a blacklight trap at Kingston in Washington County, RHODE ISLAND,
in mid-August. This species appears to:be more common in the State than it has
been for nearly a decade. Other SCARABS (Hoplia spp.) were very prevalent on
roses and some garden plants in the northern section of CALIFORNIA in the spring.

IMPORTED WILLOW LEAF BEETLE (Plagiodera versicolora) was present statewide in
RHODE ISLAND in perennial abundance from early May into late summer. DOGWOOD
TWIG BORER (Oberea tripunctata) infested dogwood in VIRGINIA and ASH-GRAY
BLISTER BEETLE (Epicauta fabricii) was moderately abundant on caragana in
NORTH DAKOTA,

APHIDS were of considerable concern on ornamentals throughout the Nation during
the 1964 season. BEAN APHID (Aphis fabae) was heavy on euonymus in the Peace
Dale area of Washington County, RHODE ISLAND, in early May and a concentration
of SPIREA APHID (A. spiraecola) was observed in Kingston on June 9. COTTON
APHID (A. gossypii) was injurious to althaea at several locations in Prince
Georges County, MARYLAND, OLEANDER APHID (A. nerii) was much less troublesome
in Washington County, UTAH, in 1964 than during the past several years. SPRUCE
APHID (A. abietina) caused severe damage to ornamental spruce during early
spring in Clark County, WASHINGTON.

POTATO APHID (Macrosiphum euphorbiae) infested roses in RHODE ISLAND, and infesta-
tions of CHRYSANTHEMUM APHID (Macrosiphoniella sanborni) were rather heavy on
chrysanthemums during early May and again in mid-August in most areas of DELAWARE.
ROSE APHID (Macrosiphum rosae) infested roses in many areas of MARYLAND, was more
common than usual in OHIO and occurred on roses in CALIFORNIA in usual spring
populations. PEA APHID (Acyrthosiphon pisum) lightly infested field grown iris
in WASHINGTON and CRESCENT-MARKED LILY APHID (Neomyzus circumflexus) heavily
infested Gaultheria procumbens in greenhouse flats in Pierce County, WASHINGTON.
WOOLLY APPLE APHID (Eriosoma lanigerum) caused considerable damage to pyracantha,
resulting in an unsightly appearance, in CALIFORNIA. Heavy populations of woolly
apple aphid were destructive to many ornamentals during late summer and fall in
many areas of ARIZONA, and caused extreme rosetting on terminal foliage of twigs
on ornamental elms in several eastern areas of NORTH DAKOTA.

APHIDS were generally more abundant than normal throughout NEW HAMPSHIRE during
the 1964 season and were particularly troublesome on ornamentals where sooty
fungus, developing on honeydew, created problems. Various species resulted in
numerous complaints in RHODE ISLAND, mostly because of honeydew and sooty mold
on ornamental maples and lindens, Lachnus salignus was abundant in all parts of
Rhode Island on ornamental weeping willow and was often noted climbing on
buildings. Chermes spp. were becoming increasingly troublesome on ornamental

= 360) =

conifers in NEW YORK, and Eulachnus rileyi was moderately abundant and widespread
on developing shoots of Scotch pine in the State during 1964. Various aphids
were generally heavy on many ornamentals and shade trees in NEW JERSEY, were very
much in evidence on ornamentals and garden flowers in PENNSYLVANIA, and were
unusually heavy on such ornamentals as crapemyrtle, spirea and roses in certain
sections of VIRGINIA.

Aphids were very damaging to ornamental shrubs and roses in ALABAMA and several
species damaged ornamentals and caused general concern in one or more areas of
TEXAS during the past season. Drepanaphis sp. was heavy on ornamental red maple
during October in northwest ARKANSAS. Several species of aphids were active on
ornamentals in OKLAHOMA during the 1964 season and infested ornamentals and shade
trees in varying degrees generally throughout NEVADA. Cinara sp. was heavy on
ornamental pinyon pine in Esmeralda County, Nevada, in October.

Populations of Chaitophorus populellus were slightly lower in WYOMING during 1964
than they were in 1963. Honeydew produced by this species caused much concern

to owners of homes and automobiles throughout the State this season. Large popu-
lations of Monellia caryae occurred on ornamental pecan trees in the Torrington
area of Goshen County, Wyoming, but most complaints were in regard to large
amounts of honeydew present on leaves and on lawns under these trees. Controls,
when properly applied, were very effective. Various species of aphids infested
ornamental shrubs in COLORADO. Populations of Cinara tujafilina were reported

to be lighter than usual in most areas of NEW MEXICO this past season; however,
populations built up to heavy proportions on arborvitae in San Juan County during
the fall months. Undetermined aphids were very abundant in CALIFORNIA in the
spring, with some populations persisting late into the season. Prociphilus sp.
was locally damaging ash trees in San Joaquin County. P. fraxinifolii was

heavy on ash trees in a few locations in the State, and Vesiculaphis caricis
occurred locally on azaleas in Calaveras, Fresno and Stanislaus Counties. Lachnus
salignus was severe on ornamental and native willows this season. Neophyllaphis
podocarpi infested Podocarpus spp. in San Mateo, Santa Cruz and Orange Counties,
California. C.tujafilina was abundant in Yakima County, WASHINGTON, late in the
spring of 1964,

EASTERN SPRUCE GALL APHID (Chermes abietis) overwintering forms were very abundant
on spruce in southern MAINE on April 1, and moderate to heavy populations damaged
ornamental spruce in June. Eastern spruce gall aphid was average in abundance

on ornamental spruce throughout RHODE ISLAND and the abundance of this aphid has
been increasing in CONNECTICUT for the past three years. Eastern spruce gall
aphid frequently infested ornamental spruce in ALASKA during 1964.

COOLEY SPRUCE GALL APHID (Chermes cooleyi) was present in about average numbers
on ornamental spruce throughout RHODE ISLAND during the past season and was again
present in increasingly abundant numbers in CONNECTICUT as it has been for the
past three years.

PINE NEEDLE SCALE (Phenacaspis pinifoliae) was present in light to moderate
numbers on ornamental pines in Potter and Randall Counties, TEXAS, and occurred
on ornamental conifers in COLORADO. Infestations of pine needle scale in WYOMING
during 1964 were approximately the same as in 1963. A few new infestations were
noted over the State. Control measures, when properly timed and applied, were
generally effective in Wyoming this past season. Pine needle scale required
treatment in a few locations in MINNESOTA. Populations were heavy in ILLINOIS,
where egg hatch was noted on Mugho pines in Champaign County May 11-14. In
INDIANA, this species has begun to appear in pine plantations throughout the
State. Thus far, however, only a few individual trees are heavily infested,

but this could be an explosive situation,

Pine needle scale was of some concern on ornamental pines in VIRGINIA during 1964
and infested ornamental white pines at several locations in Prince Georges County,
MARYLAND. Pine needle scale was severe on ornamentals in NEW YORK during 1964,

—- 368 -

being a major problem on Scotch pine. This pest is becoming more serious on
Christmas tree plantations in New York, especially on the borders of Lake Ontario
in the central part of the State. Pine needle scale egg hatch occurred in the
Kingston area of Washington County and the Warwick area of Kent County, RHODE
ISLAND, on June 22 and 29, respectively.

EUONYMUS SCALE (Unaspis euonymi) was serious in NEW YORK during the past season,
and populations were up in CONNECTICUT, Euonymus scale was rather common on
euonymus in most areas of DELAWARE, was frequently a problem on euonymus and
bittersweet throughout MARYLAND, and was heavy on euonymus in certain areas of
VIRGINIA. This armored scale was also a serious problem on euonymus in NORTH
CAROLINA. Crawlers of this pest were active during early July in Ingham County,
MICHIGAN. Euonymus scale was more common during 1964 in OHIO than during 1963.
Damage by this armored scale in OKLAHOMA was lighter than usual, but damage to
ornamentals was of general concern in one or more areas of TEXAS. Euonymus scale
was a serious problem on euonymus in Bernalillo County, NEW MEXICO, where it was
difficult to control.

OBSCURE SCALE (Chrysomphalus obscurus) was heavy in Union and Morris Counties,
NEW JERSEY. SAN JOSE SCALE (Aspidiotus perniciosus) caused considerable local
injury to pyracantha and Prunus spp. in MARYLAND, was of some concern in VIRGINIA,
and damaged pyracantha plantings in the Lafayette area of Tippecanoe County,
INDIANA. WHITE PEACH SCALE (Pseudaulacaspis pentagona) was of some concern in
VIRGINIA during the 1964 season, and damaged ornamentals in one or more areas of
TEXAS, where it caused general concern. TEA SCALE (Fiorinia theae) was heavy in
the Atlanta area of GEORGIA and was slightly heavier than usual on ornamentals

in northeastern FLORIDA. FLORIDA RED SCALE (Chrysomphalus aonidum) was not as
numerous, or at least not as damaging, to ornamentals as usual in Florida. Tea
scale caused severe damage to camellias throughout LOUISIANA, where CAMELLIA SCALE
(Lepidosaphes camelliae) was a serious problem on some varieties of this host in
Washington, St. Tammany and East Baton Rouge Parishes,

Other ARMORED SCALES that were of concern during 1964 included Lepidosaphes
yanagicola on Euonymus alatus in PENNSYLVANIA, Aspidiotus osborni on ornamentals
in VIRGINIA, and Diaspis boisduvalii which was of considerable concern on
cymbidiums in coastal areas of Santa Barbara County, CALIFORNIA.

FLETCHER SCALE (Lecanium fletcheri) was severe on arborvitae at Mandan, Morton
County, NORTH DAKOTA, but populations were generally low in MINNESOTA, although
sharp increases were noted in several local areas in Minnesota. Eggs of Fletcher
scale hatched by June 15 in Jefferson County, WISCONSIN. This soft scale was
general, but apparently not a major problem in RHODE ISLAND, where nurserymen
apparently have this stubborn problem under control.

FLORIDA WAX SCALE (Ceroplastes floridensis) was widespread and created a major
problem on ornamentals on the Eastern Shore of VIRGINIA during the 1964 season.
This pest was slightly heavier than usual on ornamentals in northeastern FLORIDA,
and infested Ilex spp. in the Baton Rouge and New Orleans areas of LOUISIANA.
WAX SCALES (Ceroplastes spp.) were common problems on various ornamentals in
NORTH CAROLINA and were of some concern in VIRGINIA.

MAGNOLIA SCALE (Neolecanium cornuparvum) waS more common than usual on ornamental
trees and shrubs in OHIO, and was severe on ornamentals in NEW YORK. Infestations
were rather common on magnolia in DELAWARE during 1964, with young crawlers noted
on August 31.

AZALEA BARK SCALE (Eriococcus azaleae) was severe on some varieties of azaleas in
Washington Parish, LOUISIANA, and COTTONY-CUSHION SCALE (Icerya purchasi) damaged
ornamentals and was of concern in one or more areas of TEXAS, RED-PINE SCALE
(Matsucoccus resinosae) , previously known only on red pine, was found infesting
Japanese black pine in Nassau County on Long Island, NEW YORK, during 1964. In
NEW JERSEY, infestations of GOLDEN OAK SCALE (Asterolecanium variolosum) were
heavy on ornamentals in Union and Morris Counties,

- 369 -

GRAPE MEALYBUG (Pseudococcus maritimus) continued to be a problem on yew in
PENNSYLVANIA, especially in nurseries, during the 1964 season. CITRUS MEALYBUG
(P. citri) infestations were heavy on ’ dieffenbachia in one section of VIRGINIA
and on unspecified house plants in another part of the State, and LONG-TAILED
MEALYBUG (P. adonidum) infested holly in local areas of Tarrant County, TEXAS,

MEALYBUGS were prevalent and damaging in CALIFORNIA during the 1964 season.
MEXICAN MEALYBUG (Phenacoccus gossypii) waS widespread on ornamentals in the
State and infestations of Pseudococcus microcirculus were present in a few orchid
houses in the northern section of the State. Many species of mealybugs infested
and damaged ornamentals in ALABAMA during the past season. Eggs of unspecified
mealybugs began hatching in WISCONSIN by mid-June and these pests were found on
hawthorns brought from out of the State. Considerable predation of mealybugs

by larvae of Adalia bipunctata (two-spotted lady beetle) was noted on one infesta-
tion, By October 28, a general migration of mealybugs towards central parts of
plants was noted in Wisconsin, Pseudococcus cuspidatae was especially numerous
on ornamentals throughout NEW YORK during the 1964 season,

AZALEA WHITEFLY (Pealius azaleae) populations were high, as usual, on Rhododendron
mucronatum wherever it is grown in RHODE ISLAND. Another WHITEFLY (Aleuro-
tuberculatus similis), determined by L. M. Russell, was very heavy and damaging

On Japanese holly (1 Tlex crenata var. convexa) on several properties in the
Kingston area of Washington County, RHODE ISLAND. This constituted a new State
record for Rhode Island during the 1964 season. GREENHOUSE WHITEFLY (Trialeurodes
vaporariorum) was abundant on geraniums and fuchsias in Pierce County, WASHINGTON,
Unspecified whiteflies were damaging Ornamental shrubs in ALABAMA

PSYLLIDS were of some concern in CALIFORNIA and TEXAS during 1964. Psylla
uncatoides was severe on acacia and albizia statewide in California and Euphyllura
arbuti was a serious pest of madrone trees in the northern section of the State.
In Texas, Paurocephala ilicis infested youpon in Brazos County.

Several other Homoptera were of concern during the 1964 season. Overwintering
populations of POTATO LEAFHOPPER (Empoasca fabae) were common on such hosts as
waxmyrtle in the Baton Rouge area of East Baton Rouge Parish, LOUISIANA, during
December. Populations of a THORN BUG (Umbonia crassicornis) increased in
southern FLORIDA and damaged several ornamental leguminous trees and shrubs. A
FLATID PLANTHOPPER (Metcalfa pruinosa) was moderate to heavy on boxwood, azaleas,
holly and other plants in GEORGIA,

A SPITTLEBUG (Clastoptera arizonana) was a serious pest of acacia trees in
CALIFORNIA, and C. juniperana was light on ornamental juniper in southern Washoe
County and light to moderate on native juniper in Lincoln, Nye and southern

Washoe Counties, NEVADA. Also in Nevada, adult populations of unspecified CICADAS
were heavy, with heavy egg laying noted on juniper, pinyon pine and various shrubs
in Lincoln County during June. A CICADA (Magicicada sp., possibly M. cassini)
emerged in large numbers in several areas of OKLAHOMA during June, but damage was
light in most areas. Another CICADA (Diceroprocta apache) populations were heavy
in ARIZONA and numerous egg laying punctures caused severe damage to many
ornamental and fruit trees during the summer in most areas of the State,

AZALEA LACE BUG (Stephanitis pyrioides) caused considerable damage to many
untreated azaleas during late May and June in New Castle County, DELAWARE, and
caused noticeable damage to several azalea plantings in southern areas of
MARYLAND. Azalea lace bug infestations were general and heavy on azalea over
GEORGIA during the past season. Unspecified LACE BUGS were damaging to azaleas,
cherry, pyracantha and ornamental sycamore in ALABAMA, and damaged ornamentals
in one or more areas of TEXAS, where they caused general concern.

FOUR-LINED PLANT BUG (Poecilocapsus lineatus) was more prevalent than usual in
MASSACHUSETTS where it caused considerable injury to the foliage of some flowers
and other ornamentals, and was troublesome on garden flowers in PENNSYLVANIA.
TARNISHED PLANT BUG (Lygus lineolaris) was also troublesome on garden flowers in

— wot

Pennsylvania and was common statewide in RHODE ISLAND. Large numbers of a
RHOPALID BUG (Niesthrea sidae) infested ornamental shrubs in Marion County, TEXAS.

CUBAN-LAUREL THRIPS (Gynaikothrips ficorum) infestations in CALIFORNIA are limited
to Ficus spp. in southern coastal areas where populations were damaging during

the 1964 season in Orange, Los Angeles and San Diego Counties. Unspecified

THRIPS were more prevalent on native shrubs in California than in former years
and were quite heavy on cut flowers. Several species of thrips damaged ornamen-
tals and were of general concern in several areas of TEXAS, and were often
damaging to roses in ALABAMA this past season. Unspecified species damaged choice
roses in Providence, Providence County, RHODE ISLAND, during late June.

EUROPEAN EARWIG (Forficula auricularia) was heavy on marigolds in Lackawanna
County, PENNSYLVANIA. Three new infestations of this pest were found in Ingham
County, MICHIGAN, and infestations were reported for the first time from Wexford,
Ionia and Lenawee Counties. European earwig was a problem in and around homes

and damaged flowers in home gardens in the Santa Fe area of Santa Fe County, NEW
MEXICO. Also in New Mexico, occasional specimens of RING-LEGGED EARWIG (Euborellia
annulipes) were found in homes and greenhouses in the Las Cruces area of Dona Ana
County.

A medium infestation of WESTERN DRYWOOD TERMITE (Incisitermes minor) was found in
partially dead ornamental ash trees in southern Washoe County, NEVADA. This
constituted a new county record and was the second record for the State.

TWO-STRIPED WALKINGSTICK (Anisomorpha buprestoides) was a problem in the Stone
Mountain area of GEORGIA during the 1964 season on aucuba, privet and pittosporum.

BOXWOOD LEAF MINER (Monarthropalpus buxi) adult emergence occurred May 26 in
Kingston, Washington County, RHODE ISLAND, and abundance was normal during the
1964 season. Some infestations, especially of English boxwood, were reported in
VIRGINIA, and heavy infestations were noted in the Atlanta area of GEORGIA.
NATIVE HOLLY LEAF MINER (Phytomyza ilicicola) caused considerable damage to
holly in a number of areaS in GEORGIA and was medium to severe on American holly
in various parts of VIRGINIA. Native holly leaf miner was common in American
holly in all sections of MARYLAND, with adults first emerging on May 5 in the
College Park area of Prince Georges County. This leaf miner fly was of little
concern in OHIO during the 1964 season. COLUMBINE LEAF MINER (P. minuscula) was
very abundant in columbine during May in Sussex County, DELAWARE. Several leaf
miner flies, Liriomyza sp., L. trifolii and Phytobia maculosa, were severe on
untreated pompons in the Bradenton area of Manatee County, FLORIDA.

NARCISSUS BULB FLY (Lampetia equestris) infestations increased 10 percent on
untreated narcissus bulbs in the Puyallup Valley of WASHINGTON during 1964 and
increased on bulbs shipped in from out of the State.

BIRCH LEAF MINER (Fenusa pusilla) was of concern on ornamental birch in several
Eastern States. The pest waS numerous and general in PENNSYLVANIA. Populations
were spotty and serious only in limited areas in NEW YORK. Birch leaf miner was
locally abundant in CONNECTICUT, and adults were active throughout RHODE ISLAND
on May 9 and again on June 23, The first generation in Rhode Island was heavy
and the second generation light, as is the usual pattern. Birch leaf miner was
damaging to ornamental birch in VERMONT and infestations were observed in NEW
HAMPSHIRE. This sawfly was generally heavy throughout MAINE. High populations
Caused severe damage to ornamental birches in the State, particularly gray birch,
with some damage to white birch observed. Also in Maine, MOUNTAIN-ASH SAWFLY
(Pristiphora geniculata) occasionally damaged mountain-ash in various areas about
July

EUROPEAN PINE SAWFLY (Neodiprion sertifer) was more common on ornamental pine
trees in OHIO than usual. Egg hatch of this sawfly occurred in several areas of
southern MICHIGAN during late April and considerable larval injury to Christmas
tree plantations of Scotch pine occurred in May. In NEW YORK, European pine

= Silo

sawfly caused severe defoliation of Scotch pine and other ornamental pines as a
result of the mild winter of 1963-1964, which permitted an abundance of eggs to
overwinter. Defoliation of these hosts occurred in many scattered areas over
New York during the 1964 season, In RHODE ISLAND, a GALL WASP (Diplolepis sp.)
was very common on Rosa rugosa in the Charlestown area of Washington County in
late May.

A CARPENTER BEE (Ceratina dupla) was abundant and injurious to rose canes in
PENNSYLVANIA during the 1964 season.

SPIDER MITES were also of some concern in various areas during the 1964 season,
TWO-SPOTTED SPIDER MITE (Tetranychus telarius) was a common pest in greenhouses
and on houseplants in ALASKA, and was considered quite serious on street and yard
trees as well as other ornamentals in many locations over CALIFORNIA. Two-
spotted spider mite was present on ornamental deciduous and coniferous trees and
ornamental shrubs in COLORADO. Damage by this pest ranged moderate to severe on
ornamental evergreens throughout WYOMING, Mites could be found on almost all
bushes and trees checked in all areas of the State this season. A large amount
of winterkill in ornamentals, however, was mistaken for mite damage in the
southeastern area of the State. Infestations of this spider mite were about the
same as those present during the 1963 season in Wyoming. Light to moderate
damage by two-spotted spider mites was common on ornamental spruce over NORTH
DAKOTA. Two-spotted spider mite was serious on roses in the Boynton Beach area
of Palm Beach County, FLORIDA.

DESERT SPIDER MITE (Tetranychus desertorum) damaged creosote plants in a green-
house in the Cleveland area of Cuyahoga County, OHIO. Determination was made by
D. M. Tuttle of the University of Arizona. Also in Ohio, SPRUCE SPIDER MITE
(Oligonychus ununguis) continued to be one of the most common pests in nurseries
in the State. Populations of this spider mite were again heavy on ornamental
spruce and other needled evergreens throughout INDIANA. Many requests for
assistance in the control of this spider mite were received throughout the 1964
season. Spruce spider mite was exceedingly abundant on ornamental spruce in
PENNSYLVANIA, especially in the southwestern section of the State, where much
webbing was evident. In RHODE ISLAND, there were scattered complaints concerning
spruce spider mite from all parts of the State.

SOUTHERN RED MITE (Oligonychus ilicis) was severe on ornamentals throughout
LOUISIANA early in the season. In OHIO, a HONEYLOCUST SPIDER MITE (Eotetranychus
multidigituli) was more common during the 1964 season than usual.

Various other spider mites caused some degree of damage to ornamentals. An
unspecified species heavily damaged ornamental oaks in the Middlesex area of
Washington County, VERMONT, and other species were generally heavy on many orna-
mentals and shade trees in NEW JERSEY this season, Oligonychus bicolor was heavy
on ornamental oaks in New Castle County, DELAWARE, O. milleri was found for

the first time in PENNSYLVANIA during 1964 in a Scotch pine Christmas tree
plantation in Indiana County during June, where the pest caused considerable
yellowing of trees. The infestation was spotted, but quite general throughout
the plantation. Unspecified spider mites caused considerable damage to a variety
of ornamental plants throughout VIRGINIA and were reported as heavy on a hemlock
hedge. Eotetranychus lewisi caused considerable defoliation of poinsettias in
the Miami area of Dade County, FLORIDA. Oligonychus sp. was not as numerous, or
at least not as damaging in Florida in 1964 as usual on ornamentals. Spider
mites were very damaging to ornamental shrubs and roses in ALABAMA. Several
species of spider mites damaged ornamentals in TEXAS where they caused general
concern in one or more areas, and Tetranychus spp. were active in OKLAHOMA,
Spider mites infested ornamentals and Shade trees to varying degrees in NEBRASKA,
but were not a problem in MINNESOTA until late in 1964 season. Large numbers of
unspecified MITES occurred on ornamental and shade trees in CALIFORNIA. Late
infestations were damaging in the State and in many instances occurred too late
for controls to be effective. Unspecified SPRUCE MITES were frequently found on
ornamental spruce in ALASKA.

— oa —

PRIVET MITE (Brevipalpus obovatus) infested privet in several locations over
CALIFORNIA during the season.

Some species of ERIOPHYID MITES were reported as annoying and damaging during the
1964 season. Nalepella tsugifoliae caused unthrifty hemlock plants in a nursery
in South Kingston, Washington County, RHODE ISLAND, Damage was less obvious
during 1964 than in 1963. Determination was made by H. H, Keifer. N. tsugifoliae
has been abundant on Long Island, NEW YORK, for two years, and during the l
season, was found in nurseries in the Hudson Valley and in Lockport, Niagara
County, where it apparently had been imported on nursery stock from out of the
State. Unspecified species infested several species of ornamental and shade
trees in MINNESOTA, where terminal growth of ash was often seriously damaged,

and sometimes killed, by damage to new buds. Unspecified eriophyid mites damaged
camellias in several areas of GEORGIA, where they were more common than usual.

An unspecified species caused galls on leaves of ornamental ash trees at Mesilla
Park and another formed galls on the female flowering parts of ornamental cotton-
wood trees near Hatch, both in Dona Ana County, NEW MEXICO. In CALIFORNIA,
Aceria camelliae was heavy locally on camellia plants; Oxypleurites carinatus
was heavy on horsechestnut trees in San Mateo County; Trisetacus quadrisetus
was quite heavy on juniper; and Aculus ligustri infested privet in several
locations.

CYCLAMEN MITE (Steneotarsonemus pallidus) was serious on a commercial planting of
African-violets in the Matanuska Valley of ALASKA. BULB MITE (Rhizoglyphus
echinopus) was heavy on Easter lilies in a greenhouse in North Providence,
Providence County, RHODE ISLAND, in February of 1964,

SLUGS and SNAILS were ever present, annoying and often damaging pests on small,
low growing base and border flowers in ALABAMA during the 1964 season.

SNOQ024 YD
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WASHINGTON

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VOL.15 No.17 April 23, 1965

Cooperative
~ ECONOMIC INSECT
REPORT

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Issued by

PLANT PEST CONTROL DIVISION
AGRICULTURAL RESEARCH SERVICE

UNITED STATES DEPARTMENT OF AGRICULTURE

AGRICULTURAL RESEARCH SERVICE

PLANT PEST CONTROL DIVISION

SURVEY AND DETECTION OPERATIONS

The Cooperative Economic Insect Report is issued
weekly as a service to American Agriculture. Its contents
are compiled from information supplied by cooperating State,
Federal, and industrial entomologists and other agricultural
workers. In releasing this material the Division serves as
a clearing house and does rot assume responsibility for ac-
curacy of the material.

All correspondence pertaining to additions, dele-
tions and changes of addresses for the mailing
list for this report should be sent to:

Service Operations Division
Office of Plant and Operations
United States Department of Agriculture
Washington, D. C. 20250

Reports and inquiries pertaining to this release
should be mailed to:

Survey and Detection Operations
Plant Pest Control Division
Agricultural Research Service
United States Department of Agriculture
Federal Center Building
Hyattsville, Maryland 20781

Volume 15 April 23, 1965 Number 17
COOPERATIVE ECONOMIC INSECT REPORT
HIGHLIGHTS:

ALFALFA WEEVIL damaging in New Jersey; increasing in Maryland, and Colorado.
First CORN EARWORM eggs of season noted on crimson clover in Arkansas; counts
unusually high. (p. 375). PEA APHID moderate to heavy in alfalfa in areas of
Oklahoma and Texas. TARNISHED PLANT BUG heavy in Alabama, and LYGUS BUG nymphs
increasing in areas of Arizona. (p. 376). WESTERN FLOWER THRIPS damaging
alfalfa in Arizona. SPIDER MITES damaging legumes in Texas and Alabama. ENGLISH
GRAIN APHID damaging small grains in Arizona. CORN LEAF APHID required some
controls in Arizona, increasing in New Mexico, and heavy in Oklahoma. (p. 377).

GREEN PEACH APHID damaging terminal growth of peaches in Graham County, Arizona.
(p. 378). TWO-SPOTTED SPIDER MITE building up to heavy proportions on cherries,
plums and prunes in Umatilla County, Oregon. CITRUS THRIPS increasing rapidly
in Arizona, with damage evident and controls necessary. (p. 379).

GYPSY MOTH expected to cause major defoliation in Connecticut. (p. 385). SOUTHERN
PINE BEETLE infestations potentially serious in North Carolina, EASTERN TENT
CATERPILLAR larvae active and webs appearing in Eastern and Southern States.

(p. 384).

Larvae of a MOSQUITO (Culiseta inornata) heavy in temporary pools in Payne and
Noble Counties, Oklahoma. (p. 386).

SOME FIRST REPORTS OF THE SEASON

ALFALFA WEEVIL larvae in Pennsylvania; LESSER CLOVER LEAF WEEVIL adults in
Missouri; CLOVER ROOT CURCULIO in Missouri and Idaho; CLOVER ROOT BORER larvae

in Idaho; GREEN CLOVERWORM in Alabama; MEADOW SPITTLEBUG nymphs in Maryland and
Ohio; PALE WESTERN CUTWORM and ARMY CUTWORM larvae in Colorado; APPLE GRAIN APHID
and APPLE APHID in Maryland; PEAR PSYLLA in Massachusetts and Connecticut; RED-
BANDED LEAF ROLLER in Maryland; COLORADO POTATO BEETLE and ELM LEAF BEETLE in
Oklahoma; FACE FLY in Maryland; LONE STAR TICK and AMERICAN DOG TICK in Missouri.

DETECTION

First State records include: An ERIOPHYID MITE (Nalepella tsugifoliae) in
Michigan (p. 386); a SLUG (Arion ater) in Utah (p. 386); a WEEVIL (Orthorhinus
klugi) and a SAP BEETLE (Carpophilus oculatus) in Hawaii (p. 393). New county
records were ALFALFA WEEVIL (Hypera postica) in Independence County, Arkansas,
and Butte County, California. (p. 375).

SPECIAL REPORTS

Potato Psyllid, Spring Breeding Areas of Texas and New Mexico. (p. 381). Plant
conditions appear to be unfavorable for psyllid reproduction.

Status of the Screw-worm in the Southwest. (p. 387). Five cases reported from
Texas.

Hawaiian Insect Notes. (p. 393).
Change in the Scientific Name of a Springtail. (p. 394).
Interceptions of Special Interest at U.S. Ports of Entry. (p. 395).

Estimated Losses and Production Costs Attributed to Insects and Related Arthropods
Attacking Vegetables, Potatoes and Cotton in Arizona in 1964. (pp. 407-408).

(continued on page 379).

- 374 -
Summary of Insect Conditions in the United States - 1964

Stored-Product Insects. (p. 397).
Beneficial Insects. (p. 399).
Miscellaneous Insects. (p. 403).
List of Contributors. (p. 405).

CORRECTIONS and ADDITIONAL NOTES

See pages 391 and 394, respectively.

Reports in this issue are for the week ending April 16, unless otherwise indicated.

WEATHER BUREAU'S 30-DAY OUTLOOK
MID-APRIL TO MID-MAY 1965

The Weather Bureau's 30-day outlook for mid-April to mid-May calls for temperatures
to average above seasonal normals in the southern half of the Nation east of the
Continental Divide as well as in the Ohio Valley and the Middle Atlantic States.
Below normal temperatures are anticipated in northern border States from the
western Great Lakes to the Rockies, and also in most areas west of the Continental
Divide. In other regions temperatures should average near normal. Precipitation
is expected to exceed normal west of the Divide as well as from the northern

Great Plains eastward to the Appalachians. Subnormal amounts are called for over
the southern half of the Nation east of the Divide. Elsewhere near normal totals
are anticipated.

Weather forecast given here is based on the official 30-day "Resume and Outlook"
published twice a month by the Weather Bureau. You can subscribe through the
Superintendent of Documents, Washington, D.C. 20250. Price $5.00 a year.

WEATHER OF THE WEEK ENDING APRIL 19

HIGHLIGHTS: (1) Floods continue, upper Mississippi Valley. (2) Rains end,
Arizona, southern California. (3) Another dry week, gulf coast and Florida.
(4) Six-month period; dry in Plains, New England area.

TEMPERATURE: The recent trend of strong temperature rises over the central and
eastern United States ended; much of the area from the Pacific Ocean to the Great
Lakes in the north and to the western slopes of the central and southern Rocky
Mountains was warmer this week. Much of the Far Southwest averaged more than ae
warmer than a week earlier but was still 1° to 6° below normal.

PRECIPITATION: Two weeks of moderate to heavy rains over southern California and
Arizona ended Monday, April 12. Following this, light rain fell almost daily in
the coastal areas of Washington, Oregon, and northern California. A small portion
of the Oregon and northern California coasts received more than 2 inches of rain.
Totals were light and generally less than 0.25 inch from the southern California
coast north-eastward to southern Montana and northern Iowa. The gulf coast and
Florida had the second dry week. A wide area from eastern Colorado to central
Nebraska received little or no rain. Strong winds in Colorado further depleted
soil moisture and caused duststorms. Most of southern and eastern Arizona, south-
ern and western New Mexico, and the Trans-Pecos in Texas received no rain. An
irregular area from Oklahoma City, Oklahoma, to Ohio received more than 1 inch.
Most other areas received light rains on 1 to 5 days with totals generally from
0.25 to 0.75 inch. Snow fell at some northern locations. Northern New England
received 5 to 10 inches but much of it at lower elevations melted by the weekend.
Spots in central Lower Michigan received 6 inches of snow on Saturday. Melting
snow caused flooding along the upper Mississippi River and its tributaries and
along the Red River of the North. (Summary supplied by U.S. Weather Bureau).

- 375 -

CEREAL AND FORAGE INSECTS

ALFALFA WEEVIL (Hypera postica) - NEW JERSEY - Larvae damaging alfalfa 2-3 inches
high in southern area; 2-4 first instars found on many stalks April 8. Larvae
heavy and causing considerable damage at Barnsboro, Gloucester County; alfalfa

3-4 inches high with 6-9 first to second instars on many stems. Early treatment
necessary in some fields. Careful observation urged to avoid loss of first
cutting. (Ins.-Dis. Newsltr.). DELAWARE - Young larvae present in most areas on
alfalfa; injury remains light. (Burbutis). MARYLAND - Larvae increasing gener-
ally on alfalfa in eastern and southern sections; damage noticeable in areas of
fields with southern exposures. (U. Md., Ent. Dept.). GEORGIA - Heavy on alfalfa
in northwest, north and northeast area; all stages present. (Johnson), ALABAMA -
Heavy in Cleburne County; stands perhaps too poor for economical treatment.
(Ventruss). TENNESSEE - Large number of small larvae buried in alfalfa plant

buds in northern part of State. No spray will reach these larvae; spraying should
be delayed. (Mullett, Mar. 30). ARKANSAS - Larvae ranged 30-50 per 100 sweeps

in Independence County. New county record. Larvae ranged 50-150 (averaged

100) per 100 sweeps in all fields checked in Mississippi County. (Ark.

Ins. Sur.). OHIO - Adult activity and larval feeding noted in many counties in
southern third of State. Several fields with 50 percent of alfalfa terminal buds
infested. (Muntzing, Easterling, Blair, Rose). No adult or larval activity
noted in Columbiana and Mahoning Counties. (Niemczyk). ILLINOIS - Adults ranged
0-6 and larvae 0-400 per 100 sweeps in alfalfa in southern quarter of State.

Light feeding injury on terminal growth on up to 62 percent of alfalfa stems in
Hardin County. (Ill. Ins. Rpt.). MISSOURI - Ranged 3-100 larvae per 10 sweeps

in alfalfa in southern part of southeast district. (Houser, Thomas, Peters).
COLORADO - Adults noted in increasing numbers on alfalfa in Weld County; parti-
cularly easy to find in recently burned over fields. (Titensor). Adults notice-
able on alfalfa in burned fields in Larimer County. (Simpson). UTAH - Adults
active in several areas of Box Elder County. (Knowlton). CALIFORNIA - Heavy on
alfalfa plantings in northern Butte County; this is a new county record, (Cal.
Coop. Rpt.).

CLOVER LEAF WEEVIL (Hypera punctata) - ARKANSAS - Larvae collected on alfalfa in
Benton County. (Ark. Ins. Sur.). MISSOURI - Larvae ranged 2-10 per crown in
alfalfa in southeastern and east central districts; up to 50 percent of larvae
appear diseased. (Houser, Thomas, Peters). ILLINOIS - Occasional adult found

in clover and alfalfa in southern area; larvae ranged 0-20 per square foot; up

to 160 per 100 sweeps in alfalfa in Randolph County. All larvae checked in
laboratory; all H. punctata. (Ill. Ins. Rpt.). OHIO - Total of 11 larvae taken
in 150 sweeps in alfalfa in Brown County; larvae present in Franklin and Highland
Counties. (Jones, Blair, Rose).

LESSER CLOVER LEAF WEEVIL (Hypera nigrirostris) - MISSOURI - Adults swept from
alfalfa in east central district. (Houser, Thomas, Peters).

CLOVER ROOT CURCULIO (Sitona hispidula) - MISSOURI - Adults averaged 5 per 10
sweeps in alfalfa in southeastern district. (Houser, Thomas, Peters). IDAHO -
Larval population low in field of second-year red clover at Central Cove, Canyon
County, April 12. (Bechtolt).

CLOVER ROOT BORER (Hylastinus obscurus) - IDAHO - Larval numbers low in field of
second-year red clover at Central Cove, Canyon County, April 12. (Bechtolt).

SOUTHERN CORN ROOTWORM (Diabrotica undecimpunctata howardi) - OHIO - One adult
taken in 150 sweeps in alfalfa in Vinton County. (Rose) .

VETCH BRUCHID (Bruchus brachialis) - TEXAS - Spot checks in Hunt County vetch
fields revealed 1 per sweep; field not in flower. (Turney).

CORN EARWORM (Heliothis zea) - ARKANSAS - First seasonal record of eggs on crimson
clover in Bradley County April 6; counts unusually high; up to 88,000 per acre,
(Ark, Ins, Sur.). ALABAMA - Survey in crimson clover yielded 1-2 first to third

- 376 -

instars in numerous locations along roads and in fields in Henry County.
(Seibels, Quevas et al.). FLORIDA - Increasing on sweet corn in Palm Beach
County area during early April; det by N.C. Hayslip. (Fla. Coop. Sur.).

ALFALFA CATERPILLAR (Colias eurytheme) - ILLINOIS - Small larvae ranged 0-4 per
100 sweeps in clover and alfalfa in southern quarter of State. (I11. Ins. Sur.).

GREEN CLOVERWORM (Plathypena scabra) - ALABAMA - Light to medium on crimson
clover in several locations in Henry County. (McQueen).

CUTWORMS - COLORADO - Larvae active in alfalfa in Windsor area, Weld County.
(LaSalle).

PEA APHID (Acyrthosiphon pisum) - WASHINGTON - One apterous adult and 2 second
instars from 1965 eggs noted April 8 in alfalfa tips in 12 fields sampled in
Columbia Basin, Quincy, to Othello and southward. None found in Benton and Walla
Walla Counties. Alfalfa 3-5 inches high. (Halfhill). NEW MEXICO - Light to
moderate on alfalfa in Luna, Dona Ana, Eddy, Chaves, Lea and Bernalillo Counties;
heavy on alfalfa in Guadalupe County. (N.M. Coop. Rpt.). TEXAS - Moderate to
heavy locally in alfalfa in Clay County. Ranged 65-269 per sweep in Hunt County
vetch. (Turney). OKDAHOMA - Moderate to heavy in alfalfa in southwest, south
central, central, north central and northeast areas; ranged up to 3,250 per 10
sweeps in field checked in Lincoln County; spraying underway in Caddo County.
(Okla. Coop. Sur.). MISSOURI - Ranged 50-400 per 10 sweeps in southeast alfalfa;
few winged forms present. Parasites and predators present where counts

high. (Houser, Thomas, Peters). ILLINOIS - Ranged 100-9,700 per 100 sweeps

in clover and alfalfa in southern quarter of State. (Ill. Ins. Rpt.). WISCONSIN -
Eggs hatched in southern counties; nymphs apparently less than 24 hours old

found in western Dane County alfalfa April 14; temperatures too cold that day
and it is assumed hatch occurred April 13. This date 4 days later than in 1964.
Some eggs not hatched; one second instar present. Averaged 0.8 nymphs per stem
in one field and 0.4 per stem in another. Alfalfa in both fields 0.5 to 2 inches
high; nymphs feeding between folded trifoliate leaves in most instances. (Wis.
Ins. Sur.). MARYLAND - Averaged 3 per sweep on alfalfa in Worcester County.

(U. Md., Ent. Dept.).

SPOTTED ALFALFA APHID (Therioaphis maculata) - ARIZONA - Light to medium on
alfalfa in Graham County and in Chandler-Gilbert area of Maricopa County. (Ariz.
Coop. Sur.). ILLINOIS - Ranged 0-6 per 100 sweeps in alfalfa in southern quarter
of State. (Ill. Ins. Rpt.). WISCONSIN - No hatch as of April 14 in Dane County.
(Wis. Ins. Sur.).

YELLOW CLOVER APHID (Therioaphis trifolii) - ILLINOIS - Averaged 160 per 100
sweeps in red clover field in Randolph County. (Ill. Ins. Rpt.).

APHIDS - ALABAMA - Extremely heavy on Caley peas in Bullock, Sumter, Montgomery,
Marengo and other Black Belt counties. (Stone, McCay, Miller, Story, Ledbetter).
Heavy on crimson clover in several locations in Henry County. (McQueen) .

FLORIDA - Adults and nymphs of Aphis sp. heavy on stems and bases of flowers of
wild cowpeas at Lake Worth; light on foliage. Aphis sp. heavy on experimental
southern peas at Bell Glade; plants about 7 inches tall with 12-100 aphids per
plantee. Clap Coop.) sux).

TARNISHED PLANT BUG (Lygus lineolaris) - ALABAMA - Nymphs and adults extremely
heavy on crimson clover in several locations in Henry County. (McQueen).
OKLAHOMA - Light numbers active in most alfalfa checked in central and north
central areas. (Okla. Coop. Sur.). ILLINOIS - Adults ranged 6-30 per 100
sweeps in clover and alfalfa in southern quarter of State. (Ill. Ins. Rpt.).

LYGUS BUGS (Lygus spp.) - ARIZONA - Nymphs increasing in alfalfa in Maricopa,
Pinal and Graham Counties; none noted in Yuma County. (Ariz. Coop. Sur.).
WASHINGTON - L. elisus overwintered adults active in Walla Walla area, Walla Walla
County. (Johansen).

- 377 -

BROWN STINK BUG (Euschistus servus) - ALABAMA - Extremely large number of adults
noted on crimson clover in several locations in Henry County. (McQueen).

A STINK BUG (Piezodorus guildinii) - FLORIDA - Eggs and nymphs numerous and at
least 12 adults collected on wild cowpeas at Lake Worth, Palm Beach County. Det.
by W. C. Genung. (Fla. Coop. Sur.).

MEADOW SPITTLEBUG (Philaenus spumarius) - OHIO - Nymphs on 5 of 15 alfalfa terminal
buds examined in field near Ripley, Brown County; another field in county also
infested. Nymphs not observed in Adams, Jackson and Vinton Counties. (Rose) .
MARYLAND - First nymphs of season noted April 13 on plantain near Annapolis,

Anne Arundel County. (U. Md., Ent. Dept.).

THREE-CORNERED ALFALFA HOPPER (Spissistilus festinus) - ARIZONA - Medium on

alfalfa in Yuma County; light in Maricopa and Pinal Counties. (Ariz. Coop.

Sur.). FLORIDA - Abundant on wild cowpeas at Lake Worth, Palm Beach County.
Det. by W. G. Genung. (Fla. Coop. Sur.).

WESTERN FLOWER THRIPS (Frankliniella occidentalis) - ARIZONA - Medium to heavy
populations damaged seedling alfalfa in Maricopa, Pinal and Graham Counties,
Some controls necessary. (Ariz. Coop. Sur.)

SPIDER MITES - ALABAMA - Severely damaged 100-acre field of Caley peas in Sumter
County (Story, Ledbetter); heavy in localized areas on crimson clover in 2
communities in Washington County. (Hoomes). TEXAS - Moderate to heavy on
crimson clover in improved pastures in local areas of Hopkins County. (Henry).
Heavy on wheat in Floyd County. (Texas Coop. Rpt., Swift).

ENGLISH GRAIN APHID (Macrosiphum avenae) - ARIZONA - Medium to heavy and damaging
small grains in Yuma, Maricopa and Pinal Counties. Some controls necessary.
(Ariz. Coop. Sur.).

CORN LEAF APHID (Rhopalosiphum maidis) - ARIZONA - Medium to occasionally heavy
infestations required some controls in Yuma County. Light infestations noted in
Pinal, Maricopa and Graham Counties. (Ariz. Coop. Sur.). NEW MEXICO - Increasing
in northern Dona Ana County; controls underway. (N.M. Coop. Rpt.). TEXAS -
Light, locally in barley in Jack County. (Turney). OKLAHOMA - Heavy on barley

in Jackson County. (Okla. Coop. Sur.).

APPLE GRAIN APHID (Rhopalosiphum fitchii) - OKLAHOMA - Continues present in

wheat in most areas but counts decreasing; isolated areas in southwest area with
counts up to 500 per linear foot. (Okla. Coop. Sur.). TEXAS - Light to moderate
on small grains in Denton County. (Boultinghouse) .

GREENBUG (Schizaphis graminum) - TEXAS - Light to moderate on small grain in
Denton County. (Boultinghouse). OKLAHOMA - Most counts in wheat light to
moderate (40 or fewer per linear foot). Isolated areas with heavy populations,
but most wheat 12-15 inches tall and jointing. Now past point of serious damage.
Some parasites active. (Okla. Coop. Sur.). COLORADO - Neither this species nor
other aphids observed on wheat in Baca County. (Jenkins).

DELPHACID PLANTHOPPERS - FLORIDA - Sogata furcifera complex and Delphacodes
propinqua general on sweet corn at Belle Glade and Pahokee, Palm Beach County.
(Smith). Former several times more abundant than latter. (Fla. Coop. Sur.).

EUROPEAN CORN BORER (Ostrinia nubilalis) - ILLINOIS - No evidence of pupation in
extreme southwestern area. (Ill. Ins. Rpt.). MARYLAND - No pupation observed
to April 15 in southern sections. (U. Md., Ent. Dept.). DELAWARE - No pupation
of overwintered forms noted in State. (Burbutis).

PALE WESTERN CUTWORM (Agrotis orthogonia) - COLORADO - Trace numbers in wheat in
Baca County. (Jenkins).

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ARMY CUTWORM (Chorizagrotis auxiliaris) - COLORADO - Trace numbers in wheat in
Baca County. Jenkins

ARMYWORM (Pseudaletia unipuncta) - MISSOURI - One adult observed in Boone County
on April 8. (Jenkins). ALABAMA - Light on wheat foliage in St. Elmo community,
Mobile County. (Quevas, Seibels).

CEREAL LEAF BEETLE (Oulema melanopa) - INDIANA - No adult activity or feeding
signs noted in northern area as of April 15. This is a 2-3 week delay compared
with previous 2 years. (Wilson). ARKANSAS - Surveys in 10 fields in St. Francis
County March 29-April 2 negative; surveys of 30 properties in 7 northwestern
counties April 5-9 negative. (Ark. Ins. Sur., PPC).

BROWN WHEAT MITE (Petrobia latens) - OKLAHOMA - Heavy in wheat in few isolated
areas in southwest; 250-400 per linear foot but numbers decreasing. (Okla.
Coop. Sur.). COLORADO - Averaged 50 per linear foot on wheat in Baca County;
200 per linear foot in some fields. (Jenkins).

A CHINCH BUG (Blissus insularis*) — FLORIDA - Recent hatch; first-generation

nymphs on St. Augustine grass at Gainesville, Alachua County. During January-
March, 80-90 percent of population consisted of adults, but by mid-April 74
percent of population was in first instar and only 24 percent adults. Adults

now dying at increasing rate; population trend about same as during corresponding
time in 1964. (Kerr).

FRUIT INSECTS

APHIDS - MASSACHUSETTS - Hatching on apple trees in South Amherst, Hampshire
County. (Wave). CONNECTICUT - A few aphids, probably Rhopalosiphum fitchii
(apple grain aphid) or Anuraphis rosea (rosy apple aphid d) or both, hatched and
feeding on buds in New Haven, (Savos, Apr. 14). MARYLAND - First hatching of
R, fitchii and Aphis pomi (apple aphid) occurred April 6 in Hancock area,
Washington County. A. po pomi common on apple buds in sections of Washington and
Prince Georges Counties. Anuraphis rosea hatched in Hancock area April 12;
present in most orchards. (U. Md., Ent. Dept.). ALABAMA - Anuraphis rosea
light to medium on apples in Lee, Macon, Autauga and Chilton Counties. (Barwood) .
OHIO - R, fitchii very concentrated on leaf buds of apple trees in Clermont and
Vinton Counties. (Rose). ARIZONA - Myzus persicae (green peach aphid) medium
to heavy and damaging terminal growth on peach trees in Graham County. (Ariz.
Coop. Sur.).

PEAR PSYLLA (Psylla pyricola) - MASSACHUSETTS - Oviposition observed on pear
trees in western area, (Wave). CONNECTICUT - Adults active in Storrs; egg
laying not yet occurred. (Savos, Apr. 14).

CALIFORNIA RED SCALE (Aonidiella aurantii) - CALIFORNIA - Heavy on apple tree
nursery stock in Chula Vista, San Diego County. (Cal. Coop. Rpt.).

EASTERN TENT CATERPILLAR (Malacosoma americanum) - OHIO - Large numbers observed
on apple tree near Owensville, Clermont County. (Rose). TEXAS - Light on stone
fruits in Comal and Blanco Counties. (Texas Coop. Rpt., Massey). SOUTH
CAROLINA - Present on apples, peaches, wild cherries and plums. (Nettles et al.,
Apr. 13).

FOREST TENT CATERPILLAR (Malacosoma disstria) - FLORIDA - Severely attacking

foliage of young peach trees near Brooksville, Hernando County. (Parker, Owen,
Apr. 8).

* Slater, J. A. 1964. A Catalogue of the Lygaeidae of the World. Vol. 1:446.

- 379 -

FRUIT-TREE LEAF ROLLER (Archips argyrospilus) - CONNECTICUT - Large numbers of
overwintered egg masses noted in New Haven; pest progressively increased in
abundance in past 3 years. (Savos, Apr. 14).

RED-BANDED LEAF ROLLER (Argyrotaenia velutiana) - MARYLAND - Moths emerged
April 10 on apple in Hancock area, Washington County. (U. Md., Ent. Dept.).

A NOCTUID MOTH (Orthosia hibisci) - OHIO - Ovipositing began April 10; large
numbers of eggs laid April 12-16 at Wooster, Wayne County. (Rose).

A CUTWORM (Eupsilia sp.) - OHIO - Oviposition began at Wooster, Wayne County,
April 15. ‘(Rose).

GREEN FRUITWORM (Lithophane antennata)- OHIO - Ovipositing began April 15 at
Wooster, Wayne County. Rose).

PLUM CURCULIO (Conotrachelus nenuphar) - ALABAMA - Caused heavy damage to plums;
50 percent of fruit affected on isolated trees in Henry County. A few adults
observed on trees in Lee County. (McQueen). NORTH CAROLINA - Present on peach
trees in several widely scattered areas of Piedmont. (Griffin, Mount).

A WEEVIL (Achrastenus griseus) - TEXAS - Heavy locally on peach buds in Young
County. Det. by H. R. Burke. (McCarroll).

CLICK BEETLES - OREGON - Undetermined species feeding on cherry blossoms in
Milton-Freewater area, Umatilla County. (Burkhart).

TWO-SPOTTED SPIDER MITE (Tetranychus telarius) - OREGON - Heavy infestations
building up on cherries, plums and prunes in Milton-Freewater, Umatilla County.
(Burkhart). NEW YORK - Overwintering colonies occasionally observed. (N.Y.
Wkly. Rpt., Apr. 12).

EUROPEAN RED MITE (Panonychus ulmi) - NEW YORK - Egg numbers low. (N.Y. Wkly.
Rpt., Apr. 12). OHIO - Eggs observed in 2 orchards in Vinton and Clermont
Counties. No nymphs seen. (Rose).

A LEAF ROLLER MOTH (Platynota stultana) - CALIFORNIA - Larvae damaging young
Shoots and flowers of grapevines in Fresno County. This is second report of
this pest damaging grapes in Fresno County. (Cal. Coop. Rpt.).

GRAPE FLEA BEETLE (Altica chalybea) - ARIZONA - Appearing on grapes in areas of
Maricopa County. Some controls required. (Ariz. Coop. Sur.).

A LEAFHOPPER (Erythroneura sp.) - ARIZONA - Medium in grape vinyards in Maricopa
County. Controls necessary. (Ariz. Coop. Sur.).

PECAN NUT CASEBEARER (Acrobasis caryae) - ALABAMA - Overwintered larvae feeding

on new growth of pecans in Lee and Bullock Counties and other central and southern
counties, (Stone et al.). FLORIDA - Larvae taken on stem and leaves of pecan

at nursery in Monticello, Jefferson County. (Miller, Apr. 9).

HICKORY SHUCKWORM (Laspeyresia caryana) - TEXAS - Overwintering larvae pupating
in pecan shucks in Parker County. (Turney) .

MELON APHID (Aphis gossypii) - CALIFORNIA - Heavy on citrus trees in Pauma Valley,
San Diego County. (Cal. Coop. Rpt.).

GREEN PEACH APHID (Myzus persicae) - ARIZONA - General and light on citrus in
Yuma County. (Ariz. Coop. Sur.).

CITRUS THRIPS (Scirtothrips citri) - ARIZONA - Nymphs increasing rapidly on citrus
in Yuma and Maricopa Counties. Damage evident, controls necessary. (Ariz. Coop.
Sur.).

- 380 -

Citrus Insect Situation in Florida - Mid-April - CITRUS RUST MITE (Phyllocoptruta
Oleivora) infested 57 percent of groves (norm 57 percent); 36 percent economic
(norm 32 percent). Population will increase on new leaves and diminish on old
leaves. Overall population expected to be above average. Highest districts
south and west. TEXAS CITRUS MITE (Eutetranychus banksi) infested 43 percent of
groves (norm 38 percent); 22 percent economic (orm 16 percent). Population

will increase and be above average. Highest districts south, central and west.
CITRUS RED MITE (Panonychus citri) infested 35 percent of groves (norm 65 percent);
10 percent economic (norm 39 percent). Although marked increase underway, popu-
lation will remain below average. Scattered heavy infestations may be expected
in all districts. Highest districts north and west. SIX-SPOTTED MITE
(Eotetranychus sexmaculatus) infested 8 percent of groves; less than 1 percent
economic. Population expected to remain below average. GLOVER SCALE (Lepido-
saphes gloverii) infested 88 percent of groves; 31 percent economic. Further
increase expected. Highest districts south, central and east. PURPLE SCALE
(Lepidosaphes beckii) infested 86 percent of groves; 19 percent economic. Little
change expected. Highest districts south and central, CHAFF SCALE (Parlatoria
pergandii) infested 72 percent of groves; 16 percent economic; decrease expected.
Highest districts south and east. BLACK SCALE (Saissetia oleae) infested 30
percent of groves; 12 percent economic, Strong increase expected. Highest
districts south and east. YELLOW SCALE (Aonidiella citrina) infested 63 percent
of groves; 20 percent economic. Little change expected. Highest districts
south, central and west. APHIDS infested 35 percent of groves; less than 1 per-
cent economic, Population below average. Young groves, especially Temples and
Murcotts, will harbor scattered infestations until end of April. WHITEFLY larvae
at normal moderate level; adults nearing spring peak of abundance. (W.A. Simanton
(Citrus Expt. Sta., Lake Alfred)).

AVOCADO WHITEFLY (Trialeurodes floridensis) - FLORIDA - Building up on avocado
at Pahokee, Palm Beach County. (Wolfenbarger).

CITRUS MEALYBUG (Pseudococcus citri) - CALIFORNIA - Adults heavy on sapote
trees locally in San Diego, San Diego County. (Cal. Coop. Rpt.).

SCARABS - FLORIDA - Pachystethus marginata and Euphoria sepulchralis damaged
mango and avocado; E. sepulchralis damaged lychee in grove at Canal Point, Palm
Beach County. (Wolfenbarger, Apr. 8).

SIX-SPOTTED MITE (Eotetranychus sexmaculatus) - CALIFORNIA - Medium locally on
avocado trees in San Francisco, San Francisco County. (Cal. Coop. Rpt.).

A SOFT SCALE (Coccus mangiferae) - FLORIDA - Eggs numerous on mango at Tampa,
Hillsborough County. Hale, Apr. 9).

CHECKERED BEETLES - TEXAS - Heavy locally on mulberry trees in Coleman County.
(Sims) .

TRUCK CROP INSECTS

GREEN PEACH APHID (Myzus persicae) - FLORIDA - Numerous on potatoes and late

cabbage at Hastings, St. Johns County, about April l. (Workman). CALIFORNIA -
Medium on tomato plants in Merced, Merced County. (Cal. Coop. Rpt.).

POTATO APHID (Macrosiphum euphorbiae) - ALABAMA - Widespread medium infestation
on commercial plantings in Baldwin County; now mostly under control, (Turner).

TOMATO RUSSET MITE (Aculus lycopersici) - TEXAS - Causing considerable damage
to greenhouse tomatoes in Tarrant County. (Turney) .

CUTWORMS - ALABAMA - Medium locally on newly established tomatoes in Slocomb area,
Geneva County. (Reynolds). OKLAHOMA - Several species, including Peridroma

- 381 -

saucia (variegated cutworm) , damaging cabbage and tomato plants in Noble County;
unspecified species damaging home gardens in Mayes and Cleveland Counties.
(Okla. Coop. Sur.).

COLORADO POTATO BEETLE (Leptinotarsa decemlineata) - ALABAMA - Medium and wide-
spread on potatoes in southern Baldwin County. Overwintered adults heavy in
home gardens in Henry and Lee Counties. (Turner, Ballew, et al.). OKLAHOMA -
Adults feeding on small potato plants in home garden in Noble County; first
report of season, (Okla. Coop. Sur.).

POTATO PSYLLID (Paratrioza cockerelli) - ARIZONA - Some decrease of nymphs and
eggs noted in potato fields in Maricopa County. (Ariz. Coop. Sur.).

Potato Psyllid, Spring Breeding Areas of Texas and Southeastern New Mexico

The 1965 potato psyllid (Paratrioza cockerelli) survey was completed April 7,
1965. Wild Lycium host plants in all sampling areas were extremely late in leafing
out, thus delaying the survey. Dormant plants can still be found in several
sampling areas. Weather during March was the coldest experienced in 50 years.
Lycium is not leafing uniformly and plant conditions appear to be unfavorable

for psyllid reproduction. Very few eggs were found on leaves. Psyllid counts

were lower in all sampling areas, except the El Paso and Sanderson areas. (PPC

and cooperating agencies).

Potato Psyllid Survey on Overwintering Hosts

Average Number Per 100 Sweeps

State District 1963 1964 1965
Texas Big Spring (Howard County) 21 255 48
Texas San Angelo (Tom Green County) 33 155 14
Texas Del Rio (Val Verde and Kinney Counties) 26 52 30
Texas Marathon-Sanderson (Terrell, Pecos and

Brewster Counties) 29 8 15
Texas El Paso (El Paso and Hudspeth Counties) 23 25 Sal
New Mexico Las Cruces (Dona Ana County) 23 9 6

e@vreeeeceeceeere eee coe eee eros e ee ee eo eee eee ee

DIAMONDBACK MOTH (Plutella maculipennis) - FLORIDA - Heaviest population in 7-8
years observed on acre of abandoned cabbage at Belle Glade, Palm Beach County.
Det. W. G. Genung. Larvae ranged 3-12 per head; most larvae on outer leaves.
(Fla. Coop. Sur., Apr. 9). ALABAMA - Light to medium on turnips in Mobile and
Henry Counties. (Quevas, Seibels). ARIZONA - Larvae numerous on weed hosts in
and around rutabagas in Maricopa County. (Ariz. Coop. Sur.).

CABBAGE LOOPER (Trichoplusia ni) - FLORIDA - Larvae very numerous and damaging
unsprayed crucifers and potatoes at Hastings, St. Johns County, about April 1.
Problem at Homestead, Dade County. Little trouble during spring on cabbage at
Belle Glade, Palm Beach County. (Workman, Wolfenbarger, Genung) .

IMPORTED CABBAGEWORM (Pieris rapae) - ALABAMA - Light on cabbage near St. Elmo,
Mobile County. Heavy in Henry County; 1-3 larvae per small plant. Controls
underway. (Quevas, Seibels et al.). GEORGIA - Adults active and laying eggs on
fee ey and mustards in Gwinnett County; some first instars noted. (Vanderford,
Apr. 7).

- 382 -

VEGETABLE WEEVIL (Listroderes costirostris obliquus) - TEXAS - Locally heavy on
turnips in Shelby County. (Anderson).

HARLEQUIN BUG (Murgantia histrionica) - GEORGIA - Overwintered adults numerous
on collards in Spalding County; egg laying underway. (Dupree) .

BEAN LEAF BEETLE (Cerotoma trifurcata) - FLORIDA - Troublesome on beans in
Gainesville, Alachua County, in early April (Hetrick); fairly heavy on wild
cowpeas at Lake Worth, Palm Beach County (Genung, Apr. 11). GEORGIA - Light to
moderate in Tift County. (French).

A SCARAB (Pachystethus marginata) - FLORIDA - Causing considerable defoliation
to snap beans on commercial farm at Canal Point, Palm Beach County; not damaging
well-developed pods. Defoliation not serious at late stage of maturity (early
April). (Genung).

COWPEA APHID (Aphis craccivora) - ALABAMA - Rather heavy on cowpeas in home
gardens and in 6-acre commercial planting in Henry County. (McQueen) .

STRAWBERRY APHID (Pentatrichopus fragaefolii) - WASHINGTON - Populations high for
time of year at Vancouver, Clark County; averaged 0.5 per strawberry leaf.
(Shanks, Mar. 19). Summer apterous forms, several per leaf, noted on new
strawberry foliage on small certified planting at Walla Walla, Walla Walla
County. (Landis, Apr. 6).

STRAWBERRY LEAF ROLLER (Ancylis comptana fragariae) - WASHINGTON - Adults flying
during warm afternoons at Pullman, Whitman County. (Johansen) ,

ORANGE TORTRIX (Argyrotaenia citrana) - OREGON - Larvae feeding and webbing
tips of new growth of cane berries in Willamette Valley; activity 2 weeks
earlier than normal, (Rosenstiel).

TOBACCO INSECTS

TOBACCO FLEA BEETLE (Epitrix hirtipennis) - GEORGIA - General over tobaeco-growing
area. (French).

A WEEVIL (Epicaerus formidolosus) - FLORIDA - Adults moderately damaging leaves
of tobacco at Jasper, Hamilton County. (Andrews, Apr. 12).

A WIREWORM - GEORGIA - Light to heavy in tobacco in Mitchell and Tift Counties.
(French, Girardeau).

TOBACCO BUDWORM (Heliothis virescens) - GEORGIA - Light on tobacco in Mitchell
County. (Girardeau).

COTTON INSECTS

BOLLWORM (Heliothis zea) - TEXAS - Occasional specimen feeding on terminals of
cotton in lower Rio Grande Valley. (Deer) .

CUTWORMS - TEXAS - Unspecified species ranged light to moderate in scattered
areas over most of the Rio Grande Valley. (Deer) .

PINK BOLLWORM (Pectinophora gossypiella) - FLORIDA - Larvae infested wild cotton
on April 2 and 7 at following locations: Biscayne Bay Keys, Dade County; 5
locations at Cape Sable and 2 locations at Sound Point, Monroe County. (Thompson,
Humphries et al.).

DARKLING BEETLES - TEXAS - Unspecified species causing much damage locally in
Bee, Refugio, Live Oak and San Patricio Counties. (Deer).

- 383 -

Report on Survival of Boll Weevil as Determined by Surface Trash
Examinations in Louisiana in the Spring - 1965

Spring 1965 collections of surface ground (woods) trash samples (two square yards
per sample) were made in the northeast area March 8-16. This area includes
Madison, East Carroll and Tensas Parishes. Three samples were collected at

each location and 20 locations were used in Madison Parish, 10 in East Carroll
Parish and 10 in Tensas Parish, A total of 120 samples was taken.

The average number of live boll weevil
(Anthonomus grandis) adults per acre of trash
was 2,619 in Madison Parish, 5,003 in East
Carroll Parish and 1,533 in Tensas Parish, or
an average of 3,051 for the triparish area,
In the spring of 1964, the average number of
weevils per acre of ground trash in the tri-
parish area was 1,049. Based on the 5,875
live boll weevil adults found per acre of
trash in the fall of 1964, winter survival in
the triparish area was 52 percent. In Madison
Parish, where similar records have been made
for the past 29 years, survival for the winter
of 1964-1965 was 63 percent compared with the
average of 42 percent for the 29-year period.
Since these records have been made in Madison
Parish, there have been seven winters in which
Average number of. boll weevils survival was higher than the winter of 1964-
per acre of ground trash 1965,

The total rainfall records at the Tallulah Laboratory from December 1, 1964, to
March 16, 1965, at which time the spring ground trash collections were completed,
was 18.15 inches. In this same period, there were 34 days when the minimum
temperature was 32 degrees or less, and 14 days when the temperature was 25
degrees or less. The lowest temperature recorded was 17 degrees on January 17.
(T. C. Cleveland, W. P. Scott, J. Williams).

COTTON APHID (Aphis gossypii) - TEXAS - Light on cotton in Brazoria and Ft. Bend
Counties (Teetes); light in Rio Grande Valley fields and parasites increasing.
(Deer).

SPIDER MITES - TEXAS - Moderate in Ft. Bend and Brazoria Counties (Teetes); some
light activity reported in local areas of Cameron County (Deer).

THRIPS - TEXAS - Moderate on cotton in Ft. Bend and Brazoria Counties, (Teetes).

— 384 -—

FOREST, ORNAMENTAL AND SHADE TREE INSECTS

SOUTHERN PINE BEETLE (Dendroctonus frontalis) - NORTH CAROLINA - Potentially
serious infestations found in Granville, Gates and Beaufort Counties during
aerial survey. Few, scattered spots found in Vance, Warren, Halifax, Hertford
and Washington Counties. (N.C. For. Pest Newsltr.).

A BARK BEETLE (Pityophthorus pulicarius) - FLORIDA - Adults taken in terminal
pith of pine trees; caused death of many terminals at Starke area, Bradford
County. (Read, Apr. 7).

WHITE-PINE WEEVIL (Pissodes strobi) - NORTH CAROLINA - Feeding in white pine
planting in Henderson County. (Whitfield, Apr. 9).

SEQUOIA PITCH MOTH (Vespamina sequoiae) -— CALIFORNIA - Larval populations high
in Pinus spp., probably P. radiata and P. sylvestris, in Santa Cruz County.
(CaIRNICOope Rpts).

PINE TUBE MOTH (Argyrotaenia pinatubana) - NEW JERSEY - Treatments on infested
white pines urged. (Ins.-Dis. Newsltr.).

SILVER-SPOTTED TIGER MOTH (Halisidota argentata) - OREGON - Heavy on Scotch and
Austrian pines in Multnomah County nurseries; infested trees defoliated in many
instances. (Larson, Goeden).

PINE BARK APHID (Pineus strobi) - NEW JERSEY - Treatments on infested white,
Scotch and Austrian pines urged. (Ins.-Dis. Newsltr.).

WHITE-PINE APHID (Cinara strobi) - NEW JERSEY - Hatching expected soon; controls
urged. (Ins.-Dis. Newsltr.).

CHERMIDS (Chermes spp.) - OREGON - Infesting Douglas-fir and white fir in
Willamette Valley; hatching and moving on needles, (Larson).

BLACK PINE LEAF SCALE (Aspidiotus californicus) - MICHIGAN - Immature females
noted in scattered infestation on Austrian pine in Allegan County; no eggs
observed. (Wallner).

A EURYTOMID (Eurytoma tumoris) - CALIFORNIA - Specimens, probably this species,
light on Pinus radiata in Ben Lomond, Santa Cruz County. E. tumoris known to
occur locally on Christmas tree farm in county. (Cal. Coop. Rpt.).

EASTERN TENT CATERPILLAR (Malacosoma americanum) - TEXAS - Light on native shrubs
in Comal and Blanco Counties. Larvae, probably this species, widespread on
native palms in Lipscomb, Roberts, Hemphill and Wheeler Counties. (Texas Coop.
Rpt.; Massey, Preston). OKLAHOMA — Active and damaging plums and flowering
quince in Payne County; noted on wild plums in Lincoln, Logan, McClain,
Pottawatomie, Caddo, Blaine and Payne Counties. (Okla. Coop. Sur.). ALABAMA -
Newly established on cherry trees in Marion and Franklin Counties. Heavy

feeding now occurring in older infestations in Lee, Bullock, Russell and Henry
Counties. (Granberry, et al.). GEORGIA - Second and third instars numerous

on wild cherry in south central area; first instars noted on wild cherry in
Gwinnett County. (Vanderford). NORTH CAROLINA - Tent making began chiefly on
wild cherry trees in many localities in central area about April 6. (Wray).
MISSOURI - Larvae building webs in wild cherry as far north as St. Marys, Ste.
Genevieve County. Very little feeding. (Houser). ILLINOIS - Small nests common
on wild cherries in many areas in southern half of State. Gui inss Rpts
INDIANA - Small webs noticeable on trees in southern quarter of State. (Everly).
MARYLAND - Small tents appearing in crotches of wild cherry trees in Anne Arundel
and Worcester Counties. (U.Md., Ent. Dept.). DELAWARE - First larvae of season
noted on wild cherry in Kent County. (Franklin). NEW JERSEY - Hatching expected
soon, (Ins.-Dis. Newsltr.).

- 385 -

FOREST TENT CATERPILLAR (Malacosoma disstria) - TEXAS - Second, third and a few
fourth instars damaging shade trees over wide areas of Collin and Tarrant
Counties. (Turney). Light on oaks in Blanco and Comal Counties. (Texas Coop.
Rpt., Massey).

CANKERWORMS -—- MICHIGAN - Males of Alsophila pometaria (fall cankerworm) and
Paleacrita vernata (spring cankerworm) taken in considerable numbers at Livingston
County blacklight trap on warm evenings Since April 10. Some wingless females of
A. pometaria observed on Ingham County trees. (Newman) .

GYPSY MOTH (Porthetria dispar) -— CONNECTICUT - Survival of eggs through winter
has been high. Total infestation by species may be larger than in 1954, the
previous record. Major defoliation expected in 1965. (Cooper, Turner; Apr. 8).
See CEIR 15(16) :343.

ELM LEAF BEETLE (Galerucella xanthomelaena) - OKLAHOMA - Adults active in Kiowa,
Bryan, Payne and Haskell Counties; no egg laying noted. (Okla. Coop. Sur.).

EUROPEAN FRUIT LECANIUM (Lecanium corni) —- OKLAHOMA - Eggs numerous under scales
of females on elms in Stillwater area, Payne County; no crawlers noted. (Okla.
Coop. Sur.)

JUNIPER WEBWORM (Dichomeris marginella) - OREGON - Heavy on Pfitzer juniper in
Grants Pass. (McLaughlin).

A CARPENTERWORM -— MICHIGAN - Larvae, possibly Prionoxystus sp., infested high
percent of Fraxinus holotricha in Monroe County nursery; larvae tunnel through
xylem and girdle main stems. Plants inunsaleable weakened condition. (Wallner).

A BLISTER BEETLE (Pomphopoea sp.) - NORTH CAROLINA — Damaged ornamental plum
trees at Haywood County farm. (Holloway, Jones, Apr. 9).

A SEED BEETLE (Amblycerus robiniae) - COLORADO - Heavy in locust seeds at Fort
Collins, Larimer County; 15 percent of seeds destroyed. (Schreiber, Thatcher).

COOLEY SPRUCE GALL APHID (Chermes cooleyi) - INDIANA - Infested ornamental blue
Spruce trees at La Porte County. (Schuder). OHIO - Infestations reported in
McConnelsville, Morgan County. Det. by W. K. Delaplane. (Scott).

APHIDS - CALIFORNIA - Macrosiphum rosae (rose aphid) and Myzus persicae (green
peach aphid) medium on roses and tulips in Fresno, Fresno County. Myzus ornatus
nymphs and adults heavy on Columnea flava in Golden Gate Park, San Francisco,
San Francisco County. (Cal. Coop. Rpt.). ARIZONA - Macrosiphoniella sanborni
(chrysanthemum aphid) very heavy and damaging ornamentals in Yuma, Maricopa and
Pinal Counties. Macrosiphum rosae infestations increasing; damaging roses in
Yuma and Maricopa Counties. (Ariz. Coop. Sur.). NEW MEXICO - Cinara tujafilina
heavy on arborvitae in Bernalillo and Dona Ana Counties. Honeydew heavy, with
sooty mold appearing on interior parts of plants. (N.M. Coop. Rpt.). UTAH -
Nymphs of unspecified species present on rose bushes at Moab, Grand County. More
numerous, including adults, at St. George, Washington County. (Knowlton).
OKLAHOMA - Various species damaging tulips in Payne and Tillman Counties; roses
in Kiowa County; violets and chrysanthemums in Tillman County; and portulaca,
verbena and pyracantha in Payne County. (Okla. Coop. Sur.). MARYLAND - Aphis
pomi (apple aphid) becoming active on crab apples, Macrosiphum rosae becoming
active on rose and Macrosiphoniella sanborni becoming active on chrysanthemums.
(U. Md., Ent. Dept.).

COCCIDS - CALIFORNIA - Eriococcus pittospori (a dactylopiid scale) ranged light
to medium on coprosoma in San Francisco, San Francisco County. Aspidiotus
cyanophylli (an armored scale) heavy on empress and barrel cactus nursery stock
in Chula Vista, San Diego County. (Cal. Coop. Rpt.). NEW MEXICO - Gossyparia
Spuria (European elm scale) heavy on some Chinese elms in Albuquerque, Bernalillo
County. (N. M. Coop. Rpt.). FLORIDA — Adults of Ischnaspis longirostris (black

- 386 -

thread scale) severely damaging blue latan palm (Latania loddigesii) at Dania,
Broward County. (Shirah, Apr. 9). Diaspis boisduvalii scattered and severely
damaging Cattleya spp. at Miami, Dade County. (Herrmann, Apr. 9). All stages
of Asterolecanium pustulans severe and damaging Cassia fistula at Boca Raton,
Palm Beach County. (Long, Apr. 7). Adults of Parlatoria proteus severely
damaging leaves of vanda orchid and nymphs of Pseudococcus sp. severely damaging
stem and flower of Phalaenopsis spp. at Miami. (Herrmann, Apr. 9). Aspidiotus
lataniae and Chionaspis americana taken on hackberry (Celtis laevigata) at
Gainesville, Alachua County. (Dekle, Mar. 30). Last 2 scales are new host
records for Florida Division of Plant Industry. (Fla. Coop. Sur.). NORTH
CAROLINA - Unaspis euonymi (euomymus scale) severe on euonymus in Alleghany
County. (Cooper, Robertson). Fiorinia theae (tea scale) infested camellia

in Wayne County. (Goforth, Robertson).

A THRIPS (Frankliniella sp.) - FLORIDA - Immatures severe on leaves of crinum-
lily at Tampa, Hillsborough County. (Hale, Apr. 9).

A PSYLLID (Psylla americana) -— CALIFORNIA - Nymphs and adults, probably this
species, medium on willow nursery stock in Half Moon Bay, San Mateo County.
(Cal. Coop. Rpt.).

NATIVE HOLLY LEAF MINER (Phytomyza ilicicola) —- INDIANA - Damaged ornamental
plantings in Evansville, Vanderburgh County. (Schuder). MARYLAND - Pupation
in infested American hollies well advanced in College Park area, Prince Georges
County. .(U. Md., Ent. Dept.).

BIRCH LEAF MINER (Fenusa pusilla) — OREGON - Adults emerged; large numbers on
developing leaves of birch in Multnomah County nurseries. (Larson, Goeden).

ERIOPHYID MITES - MICHIGAN - Nalepella tsugifoliae recently found attacking
Canada hemlock in Wayne and Kalamazoo Counties. Plants in Kalamazoo County
represented infested nursery stock imported from out of State. This is the first
report of this eriophyid in the State. (Wallner). CALIFORNIA - Eriophyes
heteromeles heavy on buds of Christmasberry (Photinia arbutifolia) at Fallbrook,
San Diego County. Trisetacus quadrisetus medium on Juniperus procumbens nursery
stock in Torrance, Los Angeles County. (Cal. Coop. Rpt.).

A SLUG (Arion ater) - UTAH - Found on roses at Heber City, Wasatch County,
August 18, 1964; det. by J. P. E. Morrison. (Knowlton, Daniels). This is the
first ARS record of this species in the State. (PPC).

INSECTS AFFECTING MAN AND ANIMALS

MOSQUITOES -— MARYLAND — Pupae of Aedes grossbecki collected April 14 at
Hillsmere Shores, Anne Arundel County. (U. Md., Ent. Dept.). NORTH CAROLINA -
Aedes sollicitans (salt-marsh mosquito), Aedes canadensis, and Anopheles
bradleyi adults and larvae light in Pamlico County. (Ashton). FLORIDA —-
Mansonia perturbans principal species biting man in 10-minute period at dusk in
hammock area at Gainesville, Alachua County. (Esser, Apr. 12). Other species
taken: Aedes atlanticus/tormentor, Psorophora ferox and Anopheles crucians.
(Fla. Coop. sur.). OKLAHOMA — Culiseta inornata larvae heavy, up to 200 per dip,
in temporary pools in Payne and Noble Counties. Mating swarms noted in several
areas. (Okla. Coop. Sur.).

COMMON CATTLE GRUB (Hypoderma lineatum) —- OKLAHOMA - Few grubs still present in
backs of cattle in Mayes County. Adults moderate to heavy on and around cattle
in east central, southeast and south central areas. Light in Cleveland County.
(Okla. Coop. Sur.).

FACE FLY (Musca autumnalis) - MARYLAND - Very light numbers noted at Beltsville,
Prince Georges County, April 12. This is first report of season in State.
(J. H. Fales).

os - 387 -

STATUS OF THE SCREW-WORM (Cochliomyia hominivorax) IN THE SOUTHWEST

During the period April 11-17, a total of 5 screw-worm cases was reported from TEXAS:
One case each was reported in Brooks, Jim Hogg, La Salle, Starr and Webb Counties.

This ended the screw-worm free period that began in late January 1965. There were no
cases reported elsewhere in the Southwest Eradication Area nor from Arizona. (There
were no reported infestations in Brooks and Jim Hogg Counties during the calender year
1964). The Republic of Mexico reported 80 cases during the period April 11-17: Sonora
62, Coahuila 1, Nuevo Leon 2, Tamaulipas 5, Durango 3, San Luis Potosi 3 and Veracruz
4. Flies released: Mexico 75,044,000; Arizona 552,000; Texas 906,250.

Ratio of Positive Cases

Positive Cases Negative Cases to 100 Cases Negative
Year Current Cumulative Current Cumulative Current Cumulative
Table 1. Comparison of specimens reported during corresponding weeks in

1963 and 1964 in Southwestern Eradication Area.

1963 129 455 447 1,388 28.85 32.78
1964 3 22 251 1,450 1.19 1.51
1965 5 9 294 1,038 1.70 86

Table 2. Comparison of specimens reported during corresponding weeks and
in a corresponding area in 1964 in the United States-Mexico
Barrier Zone.*

1964 39 226 53 334 73.58 67.66
1965 75 704 65 473 115.38 148.83

Table 2A. Mexican portion of Barrier Zone only.

1964 38 205 24 95 158.33 215.78
1965 70 696 26 261 269.23 266.66

*Barrier Zone — Area in which screw-worm eradication operations are being
carried out in an effort to prevent establishment of self-sustaining screw-
worm population in the United States. (Anim, Dis. Erad. Div.).

Figures - Number of cases reported
in infested counties for
period April 11 - 17

\gantstt Linear drop along river
valleys

- 388 -

HORN FLY (Haematobia irritans) - ALABAMA - Widespread, but light, on cattle in
Bullock County. Stone). OKLAHOMA - Light but active in Choctaw, McIntosh and
Cotton Counties. (Okla. Coop. Sur.).

HORSE FLIES -— OKLAHOMA - Tabanus mularis active and annoying cattle in Noble and
McIntosh Counties. Unidentified species active in moderate numbers in Choctaw
County. (Okla. Coop. Sur.).

SHEEP KED (Melophagus ovinus) - UTAH - Very numerous on sheep being sheared in
western Box Elder County. (Knowlton, Finch).

MIDGES - ARKANSAS - Undetermined species heavy and annoying in Russellville-

Dardanelle area, Pope County, near newly formed Arkansas River lake. (Ark. Ins.
Sur.).

CATTLE LICE — OKLAHOMA —- Several species heavy on cattle in McIntosh, Haskell,
Latimer, Logan and Noble Counties. Moderate in Mayes and Murray Counties. (Okla.
Coop. Sur.). UTAH -— Very abundant on unsprayed herds in western Box Elder

County. (Knowlton, Finch). Heavy on some beef cattle in south central Kane

County. (Knowlton).

LONE STAR TICK (Amblyomma americanum) - OKLAHOMA - Light to moderate on cattle
in Choctaw and Latimer Counties. (Okla. Coop. Sur.). MISSOURI - First report
of season for Boone County, April 10. (Wingo). NORTH CAROLINA - Moderate and
quite active at edge of marsh in Pamlico County. (Ashton).

AMERICAN DOG TICK (Dermacentor variabilis) - OKLAHOMA - Becoming common in central
and eastern sections. Dogs in rural areas average up to 15 per animal. (Okla.
Coop. Sur.). MISSOURI - First report of season in Boone County, April 9.

(Wingo).

EAR TICK (Otobius megnini) -— CALIFORNIA -— Heavy on beef cattle in late March and
early April in Auburn area, Placer County, and San Andreas area, Calaveras County.
(E. Loomis).

WASPS - NEW JERSEY - Becoming a problem around homes. (Ins.-Dis. Newsltr.,
Apr. 1'5)

HOUSEHOLD AND STRUCTURAL INSECTS

TERMITES —- MASSACHUSETTS - Swarms causing increasing number of inquiries from
homeowners in western section. (Wave). CONNECTICUT - Reticulitermes flavipes
(eastern subterranean termite) swarming statewide. (Savos). NEW YORK —
Unspecified species frequent problems in Nassau County for past few weeks.

(N.Y. Wkly. Rpt., Apr. 12). NEW JERSEY - Swarms present in many areas. (Ins.-
Dis. Newsltr., Apr. 15). MARYLAND - Reticulitermes spp. swarms continue at high
rate in central and southern sections of State. Number one structural pest.

(U. Md., Ent. Dept.). NORTH CAROLINA - R. flavipes swarming in Wake and Guilford
Counties. (Wray, Robertson, Apr. 9). TEXAS - Large swarms of unspecified species
occurring in Brazos County. (Newton). OHIO - R. flavipes swarms reported in
Cincinatti, Hamilton County, and in Wayne and Wyandot Counties. (Goldman,
Delaplane, Courtright). MISSOURI - Reticulitermes sp. reported swarming in
central section. (Daugherty, Apr. 9). UTAH — R. hesperus (western subterranean
termite) infesting several homes in the Garland-Tremonton area of Box Elder
County. (Knowlton, Finch). IDAHO - R. hesperus flight emerged at Homedale,
Owyhee County, and home infested at Orofino, Clearwater County. (Portman).
WASHINGTON - R. hesperus winged adults present near Endicott, Whitman County.
(Luce, Brannon).

CERAMBYCID BEETLES - NORTH CAROLINA - Phymatodes varius emerged from oak firewood
in home in Wake County. Det. by H. Moore. (Mount). ALABAMA - Hylotrupes bajalus
(old-house borer) damaging church pew in Heflin, Cleburne County. (Farrington).

- 389 —

INDIANA —- Megacyllene caryae (painted hickory borer) adults annoying, emerging
from firewood in home in Greencastle, Putnam County. (Myers). CALIFORNIA -
Neoclytus conjunctus larvae heavy in oak firewood in Vallejo, Solano County.

(Cal. Coop. Rpt.).

CARPENTER ANTS (Camponotus spp.) — NEW YORK - Frequent problem for past few weeks
in Nassau County. (N.Y. Wkly. Rpt., Apr. 12). MASSACHUSETTS - Number of speci-
mens and inquiries from homeowners in western section increasing. (Wave).
MARYLAND - C. pennsylvanicus (black carpenter ant) found in basement of home

at Silver Spring, Montgomery County. (U. Md., Ent. Dept.). NORTH CAROLINA -

C. pennsylvanicus present in home and yard in Robeson County. (Robertson) .
CALIFORNIA — C. maccooki heavy and entering residence in Coloma, El Dorado
County. (Cal. Coop. Rpt.).

ANTS -— CONNECTICUT - Many species swarming statewide. (Savos). NORTH CAROLINA -
Acanthomyops interjectus (larger yellow ant) found in large numbers around home

in Gaston County. (Wray, Apr. 9). OKLAHOMA - Tapinoma sessile (odorous house

ant) swarming in house in Pawnee, Pawnee County. (Okla. Coop. Sur.). CALIFORNIA -
Iridomyrmex humilis (Argentine ant) medium in residence in Glen Ellen, Sonoma
County, and heavy in residence in San Francisco, San Francisco County. (Cal.

Coop. Rpt.).

CLOVER MITE (Bryobia praetiosa) - MARYLAND - A nusiance in home at Beltsville,
Prince Georges County. (U. Md., Ent. Dept.). DELAWARE - Numerous home infest-
ations in many areas of State. (MacCreary). NEW JERSEY - Very prevalent in
central counties. (Ins.-Dis. Newsltr., Apr. 15). OHIO -— Found in home in Adams
County. (Rose). IDAHO - Infestations reported from homes in Boise, Lewiston,
Caldwell and Rosewell. (Inverso, Portman, Bechtolt, Waters).

BROWN STINK BUG (Euschistus servus) - SOUTH CAROLINA - Found in home in Abbeville
County. (Nettles, et al., Apr. 13).

A CECIDOMYIID MIDGE (Lestremia sp.) - CALIFORNIA - Adults heavy and entering
apartment house in San Carlos, San Mateo County. (Cal. Coop. Rpt.).

COCKROACHES - CONNECTICUT - Blattella germanica (German cockroach) infested

home in Bridgeport, Fairfield County. (Savos). ALABAMA - B. germanica extremely
heavy in home in Covington County. (Stephenson). OREGON - B. germanica and
Periplaneta americana (American cockroach) heavy in home at Corvallis, Benton

County. (Capizzi).
CAMEL CRICKETS - CONNECTICUT - Found in basement in West Hartford. (Savos).

PILLBUGS - OHIO - Active in Hardin, Pike and Seneca Counties. (Klingler,
McFerren, Gamble, Delaplane).

CARPET BEETLES - NORTH DAKOTA - Continue to be reported by homeowners in various
areas. (Frye). CONNECTICUT - Adults found at Enfield; larvae active at many
locations in State. (Savos).

WEBBING CLOTHES MOTH (Tineola bisselliella) - COLORADO - Adults heavy in home in
Denver. (Colo. Ins. Sur.).

RED-LEGGED HAM BEETLE (Necrobia rufipes) -—- NORTH CAROLINA - Infested cured meat
in Wayne County home. (Goforth, Wright).
STORED-PRODUCT INSECTS

POTATO TUBERWORM (Gnorimoschema operculellum) - MICHIGAN - Adults and larvae
heavy in potato warehouse in Detroit, Wayne County. (Hoffman, Wells).

= 390) —

SWEETPOTATO WEEVIL (Cylas formicarius elegantulus) - ALABAMA -—° Heavy locally in
stored sweetpotatoes in Coppinville community, Coffee County. This is now the
only known infestation in the county. (Stephenson).

KHAPRA BEETLE (Trogoderma granarium) — ARKANSAS - Surveys of 17 properties in
3 northeastern counties, April 5-9, were negative. (Ark. Ins. Sur.).

BENEFICIAL INSECTS

LADY BEETLES - NEW MEXICO —- Abundant in areas where aphid infestations heavy.
(N.M. Coop. Rpt.). TEXAS - Moderate numbers present in cereal and forage areas
of Hunt County; however, apparently not controlling harmful insect species.
(Turney). ARKANSAS - Numbers very light. (Ark. Ins. Sur.). OKLAHOMA -
Hippodamia convergens (convergent lady beetle) larvae and adults found in many
small grain and alfalfa fields in central and southwestern sections. (Okla.
Coop. Sur.). ALABAMA - Large numbers of adults and larvae of H. convergens
feeding on aphids in crimson clover in Henry County and other Southern counties;
numerous adults appearing on wheat and other crops in Mobile County. Lesser
numbers of Coleomegilla maculata fuscilabris and Cycloneda sanguinea also
present. (McQueen). ILLINOIS - Various species, mainly H. convergens,

H. parenthesis and a spotted species, vary 0-20 per 100 sweeps in alfalfa and
Clover in southern quarter of State. (Ill. Ins. Rpt.).

A LEAF BEETLE (Agasicles sp.) - FLORIDA - Taken on alligator=—weed (Althernanthera
sp.) at Jacksonville, Duval County. (Denmark, Apr. 9). An introduced species
released for biological control. (Fla. Coop. Sur.).

LACEWINGS - NEW MEXICO - Abundant in areas where heavy aphid infestations occur.
(N.M. Coop. Rpt.). TEXAS - Moderate numbers present in Hunt County cereal and
forage areas; apparently not controlling harmful insect species. (Turney).
OKLAHOMA - Chrysopa spp. adults common in most alfalfa fields in central section.
(Okla. Coop. Sur.). ILLINOIS — Adults of Chrysopa oculata (golden-eye lacewing)
vary 0-7 per 100 sweeps in clover and alfalfa in southern quarter of State.

Geli ins = eR pitr» ie

DAMSEL BUGS -— ALABAMA - Present in clover and vetch in southern part of State.
(McQueen). ILLINOIS - Adults of Nabis sp. vary 0-13 per 10C sweeps in clover
and alfalfa in southern quarter of State. (I11l. Ins. Rpt.).

A FLOWER BUG (Orius insidiosus) - ALABAMA - Numerous in clover and vetch in
southern part of State. (McQueen). ARKANSAS - Numbers lighter than normal.
(Ark. Ins. Sur.).

A BIG-EYED BUG (Geocoris punctipes) - ALABAMA - Numerous in clover and vetch in
southern area. (McQueen).

FLOWER FLIES — NEW MEXICO -— Abundant in areas where aphid infestations heavy.
(N.M. Coop. Rpt.).

HONEY BEE (Apis mellifera) — ALABAMA - Large numbers pollinating and collecting
nectar in clover and vetch in southern area. (McQueen).

PARASITIC WASPS - TEXAS - Moderate numbers present in cereal and forage areas
of Hunt County; apparently not controlling harmful insect species, (Turney).
OKLAHOMA -— Several species noted in alfalfa in central section. Lysiphlebus
testaceipes, an aphid parasite, active in Payne County. (Okla. Coop. Sur.).

A LYNX SPIDER (Oxyopes salticus) — ARKANSAS - Numbers in crimson clover
unusually high. (Ark. Ins. Sur.).

= 391 —
MISCELLANEOUS INSECTS

IMPORTED FIRE ANT (Solenopsis saevissima richteri) - ALABAMA - Mounds continue
numerous and widespread with increased activity in Washington, Henry, and other
affected counties. (Hoomes). ARKANSAS - Delimiting surveys in Union and Ashley
Counties and detection surveys in Lafayette, Miller and Pulaski Counties,

March 29-April 2, were negative. Delimiting surveys in Ashley and Union
Counties continued April 5-9, and revealed 3 additional infested areas in Union
County. (Ark. Ins. Sur.).

GRASSHOPPERS -—- ALABAMA -— First and second instars quite plentiful in fields and
roadsides in Henry County. (McQueen). MINNESOTA - Checks of eggs in Wright
County showed no development during past fall and spring. Eggs very numerous
in fields surveyed. Some egg pods attacked by predators, primarily carabid
beetles, but at low levels. (Minn. Ins. Rpt.).

FIELD CRICKETS - ALABAMA - Light in yards throughout Washington County. (Hoomes).

BERTHA ARMYWORM (Mamestra configurata) - WASHINGTON - Numerous large and small
larvae, probably this species, migrating from fallow land near orchard northwest
of Yakima, Yakima County. (Landis).

NOCTUID MOTHS - WISCONSIN - Flight occurred April 11; although none caught, it
is suspected that most were Lithophane laticinerea, Eupsilia spp. and Orthosia
spp. (Wis. Ins. Sur.).

A CUBAN MAY BEETLE (Phyllophaga bruneri) - FLORIDA - Adults appeared for first
time in abundance this season about April 7; peak expected around May 1 at Miami,
Dade County. (Wolfenbarger).

POWDER-POST BEETLES (Lyctus spp.) - UTAH - L. africanus infested bamboo chop-
sticks in Salt Lake City, Salt Lake County. Det. by T. J. Spilman. (Bell,
Knowlton). NORTH DAKOTA - Adults of Lyctus sp. taken from bamboo window shade
in home in Fargo area, Cass County. (Frye).

A BLISTER BEETLE (Anthocomus bipunctatus) - OHIO - Adults reported in Cincinnati,
Hamilton County. Det. by W. K. Delaplane. (Tyree) .

A FLOWER FLY (Ceriana signifera) -— FLORIDA - Adults of this rarely collected
species taken in Steiner trap in Manatee County April 8. (Chancey).

CORRECTIONS

CEIR 15(15):217 - DETECTION - AN ANT (Paratechina melanderi) should read
(Paratrechina melanderi).

CEIR 15(16):339 - BLISTER BEETLES - TEXAS - Madison County should read Mason
County.

CEIR 15(16):343 - GYPSY MOTH -— CONNECTICUT - Date for credit should read
April 8.

392 —-

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HAWAIIAN INSECT NOTES

The following notes on Hawaii insect conditions were presented at the 711th
meeting of the Hawaiian Entomological Society held in March 1965,

A WEEVIL (Orthorhinus klugi Boheman) was found on live terminal branches of
Acacia koaia at Kawaihae Uka, Kohala Mountains, in January and February 1965,
According to Dr, Elwood Zimmerman, specialist in this group, who examined speci-
mens, this weevil is an Australian pest species new to Hawaii. In Australia,
weevils of this genus are known to attack Acacia spp., grapevines, citrus and
many other orchard and forest trees. Through March 1965, larvae of this weevil
have not been found on A. koaia and there have been no signs of the weevil in
other native trees and Shrubs in this area of Hawaii. (C. J. Davis).

A TORTRICID MOTH (Enarmonia walsinghami (Butler)) caused considerable mortality
to terminal twigs of the rare koa-like tree Acacia koaia at Kawaihae Uka, Kohala
Mountains, Active work by this native twig borer was Observed on young trees
from 4 to 5 feet tall. On older trees, 50-75 percent of terminal growth was
killed. This is an example of a native insect that occasionally causes consider-
able damage to its native host. The species has been recorded from Acacia koa
and A. koaia. (C. J. Davis.). are

The eighteenth host of a twig-boring BARK BEETLE (Xylosandrus compactus (Eichhoff) )
was recorded in a recent survey by W. C. Mitchell and C. J. Davis. The new host,
Prosopis sp., commonly known as kiawe or algaroba, was recorded near the old

Coast Geodetic Station at Barbers Point, Oahu. In addition to X. compactus, two
other scolytids, Stephanoderes farinosa and Hypothenemus sp., were also present.
(C. J. Davis.

A LEAF-MINING WEEVIL (Hypurus bertrandi (Perris)) was found damaging leaves of
Batis maritima (pickleweed) on March 3, 1965, at Barbers Point, Oahu, by C. J.
Davis and W. C. Mitchell. This is a new host record for this species which
had previously been recorded only from portulaca on the major islands of the
Hawaiian group. (C. J. Davis).

AN ENSIGN SCALE (Nipponorthezia guadalcanalia Morrison) - Approximately twelve
adult specimens were collected from leaf litter collected at an altitude of
approximately 1,500 feet on Mt. Tantalus, Round Top, near Honolulu. The
ortheziids were extracted in a Berlese funnel. This is a new insect record for
the Hawaiian Islands, and the second new ortheziid to be discovered here in the
past two years. This discovery brings the known ortheziid fauna of Hawaii to

3 species, N. guadalcanalia is known from Guadalcanal and the Micronesian Islands
of Palau, Yap, Truk and Kusiae. All Micronesian specimens seen by Dr. J. W.
Beardsley have been taken in Berlese funnel extractions from leaf litter, etc.,
often in the company of such hypogaeic mealybugs as Geococcus coffeae Green,
This suggests that N. guadalcanalia is probably a root-infesting species. Det.

by J. W. Beardsley. (Beardsley).

AN ANT (Quadristruma emmae (Emery) (=Epitritus wheeleri Donisthorpe)) - Specimens
of this tiny, hypogaeic ant with elongated forceps-like mandibles, were exhibited.
These specimens were taken from Berlese funnel extractions from the same leaf
litter which yielded the aforementioned new ortheziid. Det. by J. W. Beardsley.
(Beardsley).

A SAP BEETLE (Carpophilus oculatus Murray) - Two adults of this nitidulid beetle
were collected from unidentified seeds taken at various locations on Oahu,

April 2, 1964, Det. by W. A. Connell. This constitutes a new insect record

for the State. (E. S. Shiroma).

= at =

Several specimens of a LEAFHOPPER (Protalebrella brasiliensis (Baker)) were
collected by sweeping weeds in the Hickam—-Fort Kam area On Oahu on October 20,
1964, by D. Girard, F. Kato and E, Shiroma. This cicadellid was first reported
by Dr. C. R. Joyce when a single specimen was collected in a light trap at the
Public Health Service Quarantine Station in September 1960, and is now apparently
widespread. More specimens were subsequently collected in the same area in July
1961 and January 1962. The last report of this leafhopper was in July 1962

when Mr, J. Kim reported damage to Lippia sp. in the Makiki area. Det. by

J. P. Kramer. (E. S. Shiroma).

A number of specimens of a BILLBUG (Sphenophorus venatus vestitus (Chittenden) )
were collected in grass at the Mililani Memorial Garden, Waipahu, Oahu, that had
been killed by the fungus Beauveria bassiana (Bals.) Vuill. This fungus has
many hosts and in favorable environments can be highly pathogenic. The fungus
was determined by I. M. Hall. (W. C. Mitchell).

ADDITIONAL NOTES

PENNSYLVANIA - ALFALFA WEEVIL (Hypera postica) hatched on alfalfa in southeast
section, GREEN PEACH APHID (Myzus persicae) and APPLE APHID (Aphis pomi) hatched
on apple trees in southeast and south central sections. (Menusan). TERRAPIN
SCALE (Lecanium nigrofasciatum) scattered generously on maples in Westmoreland
and Ligonier, Westmoreland County, April 2. Requests for information on TERMITES
beginning later than in 1964; caused more than usual concern in slab floor
houses. (Udine).

GEORGIA - PECAN NUT CASEBEARER (Acrobasis caryae) very heavy on isolated pecans
in Wilcox County; 4-5 larvae per terminal of new growth. (Buttram). Feeding by
CIGAR CASEBEARER (Coleophora serratella) moderate on pecan in Tift County.
(Trench). FLATHEADED APPLE TREE BORER (Chrysobothris femorata) killed several
young apple trees in Upson County. (Spivey). HORN FLY (Haematobia irritans)
averaged 51 per animal on cattle in Putnam County and 4-5 per animal in Butts
County. Unspecified CATTLE LICE averaged 3 per square inch on 110 cattle in
Putnam County. (Roberts).

Change in the Scientific Name of a Springtail

This is to call to attention that the scientific name of Entomobrya unostrigata
Stach is not now valid for records for the United States, and that the name
should be Entomobrya knaba (Wray). This has been under study for some time.

Dr. Stach of Poland named a species from Spain as Entomobrya unostrigata some
years ago, and in 1950, Dr. D. L. Wray named a very Similar species from Utah as
Drepanura knaba. Since that time, it has been proven that knaba is an Entomobrya,
but that the species is different from the European unostrigata. Therefore, the
United States species should be E. knaba. Dr. Stach, in his recent book on
European Entomobryidae recognizes E, knaba aS a separate species from his E.
unostrigata, separated by a much different genital plate and other morphological
Characters. Upon his publications and correspondence from him, Dr. Wray is now
using Entomobrya knaba (Wray) as the valid name for the United States species in
his determinations.

This information was abstracted from a letter to Plant Pest Control from Dr. Wray.

- 395 -

INTERCEPTIONS OF SPECIAL INTEREST AT U.S. PORTS OF ENTRY

Some important interceptions that were reported by the Plant Quarantine Division,
ARS, USDA, during January 1965, follow. These reports are based on identifications
received from Federal taxonomists at the U.S. National Museum during the month,

and include any of special interest from recent months that were not previously
reported.

A TEPHRITID FLY (Acanthiophilus sp., near helianthi (Rossi)) (a pest of safflower
in Turkey) once in mail at the D.C. Plant Inspection Station.

GIANT AFRICAN SNAIL (Achatina fulica Bowdich) 3 times in baggage at Honolulu,
Hawaii. Tae

LEEK MOTH (Acrolepia assectella (Zell.)) 4 times in ships' stores; Detroit (2),
Michigan; Jacksonville (1), Florida; New York (1), New York. :

CITRUS BLACKFLY (Aleurocanthus woglumi Ashby) 2 times in baggage at Eagle Pass,
Texas.

MEXICAN FRUIT FLY (Anastrepha ludens (Loew)) 54 times; at Calexico (3) and
San Ysidro (3), California; Corpus Christi (1), Dallas (2), Eagle Pass (3),
El Paso (11), Houston (2), Laredo (23) and Roma (1), Texas; John F. Kennedy
International Airport (2), New York; Miami (1) and Tampa (1), Florida; New
Orleans (1), Louisiana.

A SEED BEETLE (Bruchus signaticornis Gyll.) (pest of lentils in central Europe
and Mediterranean areas) 3 times; twice in baggage at New York, New York, and
once in stores at Boston, Massachusetts.

A SEED BEETLE (Callosobruchus analis (F.)) (pest of legumes in southeast Asia)
2 times in stores; Corpus Christi (1), Texas; Seattle (1), Washington.

PEACH FRUIT MOTH (Carposina niponensis Wlsm.) 7 times at Honolulu, Hawaii.

MEDITERRANEAN FRUIT FLY (Ceratitis capitata (Wied.)) 49 times; at Baltimore (1),
Maryland; Boston (5), Massachusetts; Chicago (3), Illinois; Cleveland (1), Ohio;
Honolulu (5), and Hilo (1), Hawaii; John F. Kennedy International Airport (12)
and New York (11), New York; Mobile (1), Alabama; New Orleans (1), Louisiana;
Tampa (1), Florida; San Juan (6), Puerto Rico.

A TEPHRITID FLY (Ceratitis sp., possibly colae (Silv.)) once in cola nut pods in
air baggage at Boston, Massachusetts.

ASIATIC RICE BORER (Chilo suppressalis (Walker)) once in air baggage at Travis
AFB, California.

AN AVOCADO SEED WEEVIL (Conotrachelus aguacatae (Barber)) 4 times in avocado in
baggage at Brownsville, Texas.

MELON FLY (Dacus cucurbitae Coq.) once in stores at San Diego, California.
ORIENTAL FRUIT FLY (Dacus dorsalis Hendel) 6 times in baggage at Honolulu, Hawaii.
A PYRAUSTID MOTH (Evergestis forficalis (L.)) (a pest of crucifers) 9 times in
stores; at Baltimore (1), Maryland; New York (2), New York; San Juan (6),

Puerto Rico.

BEAN BUTTERFLY (Lampides boeticus (L.)) once in sesbania flowers in air baggage
at Honolulu, Hawaii.

= 396) —

CABBAGE MOTH (Mamestra brassicae (L.)) 22 times in ships' stores; at Boston (1),
Massachusetts; Corpus Christi (1), Texas; Duluth (1), Minnesota; one time in
Hawaii; Mobile (2), Alabama; Norfolk-Newport News (1), Virginia; New York (8),
New York; Port Everglades (1) and Tampa (1), Florida; San Juan (5), Puerto Rico.

AN OLETHREUTID MOTH (Matsumuraeses phaseoli (Mats.)) 4 times in ships’ stores;
twice each at Portland Oregon, and Seattle, Washington.

CEREAL LEAF BEETLE (OQulema melanopa (L.)) once in air baggage in soil with
plants at Chicago, Illinois.

LARGE WHITE BUTTERFLY (Pieris brassicae (L.)) (pest of crucifers) once in ships'
stores at Philadelphia, Pennsylvania.

A CECIDOMYIID SEED MIDGE (Plemeliella abietina Seitner) twice in seed of Picea sp.
in mail at Hoboken, New Jersey.

EUROPEAN CHERRY FRUIT FLY (Rhagoletis cerasi (L.)) 3 times, twice in stores and
once in mail; at Boston (2), Massachusetts; Chicago (1), Illinois.

A BARK BEETLE (Scolytus scolytus (F.)) once in elm logs in cargo at Port
Everglades, Florida.

A NOCTUID MOTH (Sesamia nonagrioides (Lef.)) (a small grain pest) once in seed
corn in air baggage at Boston, Massachusetts.

AN AVOCADO SEED MOTH (Stenoma catenifer (Wlsm.)) 23 times; at Brownsville (7),
Houston (2), and Laredo (6), Texas; Miami (4), Florida; New Orleans (1),
Louisiana; San Pedro (2) and San Ysidro (1), California; San Juan (1), Puerto Rico,

A THRIPS (Taeniothrips distalis Karney, or near a species of the sjostedti group)
(pest of legumes in the Orient) once in Seattle, Washington, on gladiolus, dahlia
and chrysanthemum cut flowers in baggage.

A TEPHRITID FLY (Terellia sp.) live adults twice with safflower seed in air
mail at the D.C. Plant Inspection Station.

WHITE GARDEN SNAIL (Theba pisana (Muller)) 23 times; at Baltimore (1), Maryland;
Boston (2), Massachusetts; Cleveland (1), Ohio; Dover (4), Delaware; one time in
Hawaii; John F, Kennedy International Airport (5) and New York (7), New York;
New Orleans (2), Louisiana.

KHAPRA BEETLE (Trogoderma granarium Everts) 65 times; at Baltimore (7), Maryland;
Chicago (1), Illinois; Charleston (2), South Carolina; Corpus Christi (1), Texas;
Detroit (2), Michigan; Houston (2), Texas; New Orleans (4), Louisiana; New York
(20) , New York; Philadelphia (16), Pennsylvania; Portland (2), Oregon; San
Francisco (1) and San Pedro (2), California; San Juan (2), Puerto Rico; Savannah
(1), Georgia; Tampa (1), Florida; Toledo (1), Ohio.

OAT CYST NEMATODE (Heterodera avenae) 5 times; McGuire AFB (2), New Jersey;
John F, Kennedy International Airport (1), New York; Toledo (1), Ohio;
New Orleans (1), Louisiana.

GOLDEN NEMATODE (Heterodera rostochiensis) 10 times; at Boston (4), Massachusetts;
McGuire AFB (3), New Jersey; Baltimore (1), Maryland; Jacksonville (1), Florida;
San Francisco (1), California.

> SW) =

SUMMARY OF INSECT CONDITIONS IN THE UNITED STATES - 1964
(continued from page 372)

STORED-PRODUCT INSECTS

After a period of several months in which there were no known infested properties,
KHAPRA BEETLE (Trogoderma granarium) again appeared in the United States. During
1964 eight infestations were found in Arizona. These included such diversified
operations as a hog farm, a chicken ranch, a State experiment farm and a feed
mill, Prior to 1964, the last infestations were found in Arizona in July, 1962;
in California in January, 1962; in New Mexico in May, 1959; and in Texas in April,
1960. The Plant Quarantine Division of the U. S. Department of Agriculture
continued to intercept infested ships on numerous occasions,

Light infestations of other species of Trogoderma were general in CALIFORNIA and
were usually associated with mill and storage debris. Light to heavy infestations
of Trogoderma sp. occurred in many farm and commercial properties in NEW MEXICO,
with one abnormally heavy infestation at Las Cruces, Dona Ana County. Trogo-
board" traps were used as part of the negative khapra beetle survey in WASHINGTON.
In NEVADA, Attagenus alfierii was collected in a feed store in Clark County for

a new State record, and Trogoderma simplex was light to medium in trap nests of
Megachile rotundata (a leafcutting bee) in southern Washoe County. FURNITURE
CARPET BEETLE (Anthrenus flavipes) damaged various stored products in TEXAS.

Small numbers of BLACK CARPET BEETLE (Attagenus piceus) were common around stored
agricultural commodities throughout NORTH DAKOTA. Anthrenus sp. was reported in
VIRGINIA during 1964,

CIGARETTE BEETLE (Lasioderma serricorne) was commonly reported as a pest of
various cereals and spices in all sections of MARYLAND. This species was also
reported in VIRGINIA. Cigarette beetle and DRUGSTORE BEETLE (Stegobium paniceum)
were of economic importance in ALABAMA and were found on a number of stored
products in GEORGIA. Cigarette beetle damaged various stored products in TEXAS.

LESSER GRAIN BORER (RhyZopertha dominica) was a problem in stored grains in
NORTH CAROLINA, and was a pest of economic importance in ALABAMA. A BOSTRICHID
BEETLE (Prostephanus truncatus) and BEAN WEEVIL (Acanthoscelides obtectus)
damaged various stored products in TEXAS. Bean weevil occurred in stored beans
and in pantry packages in CALIFORNIA. Bean weevil and PEA WEEVIL (Bruchus
pisorum) often attacked peas and beans in storage in Alabama. A COLYDIID BEETLE
(Murmidius ovalis) was found in stored shelled corn in Johnson County, NEBRASKA,
for the first known record in the State.

SQUARE-NECKED GRAIN BEETLE (Cathartus quadricollis) , FLAT GRAIN BEETLE
(Cryptolestes pusillus) , and SAW-TOOTHED GRAIN BEETLE (Oryzaephilus surinamensis)
each contributed minor amounts to the severe damage to stored corn in LOUISIANA.
These three species were also pests of economic importance in ALABAMA. Adults of
saw-toothed grain beetle were reported to be quite abundant and a nuisance in
certain parts of VIRGINIA. FOREIGN GRAIN BEETLE (Ahasverus advena) was also
reported in Virginia. Saw-toothed grain beetle infested a wide variety of stored
products in MARYLAND, including farm-stored barley at two locations in the
southern part of the State. Stored grain pests, mostly saw-toothed grain beetle,
increased in CONNECTICUT during 1964. In September, stored wheat, sorghum, oats
and barley in KANSAS were surveyed for storage pests, These surveys indicated
saw-toothed grain beetle was the major pest and RUSTY GRAIN BEETLE (Cryptolestes
ferrugineus) was next in importance. Saw-toothed grain beetle was a stored grain
pest in WYOMING and a major pest in WASHINGTON in 1964. Saw-toothed grain beetle
was occaSionally a storage pest of consequence in CALIFORNIA, where very light
populations occur infrequently in feed lots and grain storage debris. Rusty
grain beetle was a pest of stored figs in California. Occasionally heavy infesta-
tions of saw-toothed grain beetle were found in stored grain and feed in the
southern counties of NEW MEXICO. Flat grain beetle and saw-toothed grain beetle
damaged various stored products in TEXAS.

= 398) —

PECAN WEEVIL (Curculio caryae) was reported in VIRGINIA during the year. RICE.
WEEVIL (Sitophilus oryzae) was the most important insect problem in stored grain
in NORTH CAROLINA and stored corn in ALABAMA and LOUISIANA. Rice weevil and
GRANARY WEEVIL (Sitophilus granarius) damaged various stored products in TEXAS,
and were pests in all stored grains in KANSAS. Rice weevil was collected in a
feed store in Clark County, NEVADA, for a new State record. Granary weevil was
a major pest in commercial grain storage in WASHINGTON.

A HAIRY FUNGUS BEETLE (Typhaea sterocorea) , CORN SAP BEETLE (Carpophilus
dimidiatus) and CADELLE (Tenebroides mauritanicus) were pests of economic impor-
tance in ALABAMA. Cadelle was reported in VIRGINIA and heavily infested farm-
stored barley at Mitchellville, Prince Georges County, MARYLAND. Cadelle was a
pest of all stored grains in KANSAS. BROWN SPIDER BEETLE (Ptinus clavipes) and
cadelle damaged various stored products in TEXAS. Brown spider beetle and

Ptinus verticalis were pests in stored bone meal and safflower seed in CALIFORNIA,
Corn sap beetle was found infesting cotton seed and DUSKY SAP BEETLE (Carpophilus
lugubris) was a pest of stored figs in California during 1964. WHITE-MARKED
SPIDER BEETLE (Ptinus fur) was found in a feed store in Douglas County, NEVADA,
This was a new county record, and the second record for the State.

In August, an infestation of CONFUSED FLOUR BEETLE (Tribolium confusum) in a
boxcar of grain at Woonsocket, Providence County, RHODE ISLAND, caused the
purchaser to reject the shipment. Infestations of DARK MEALWORM (Tenebrio
obscurus) were reported in VIRGINIA during 1964. RED FLOUR BEETLE (Tribolium
caStaneum) , confused flour beetle, YELLOW MEALWORM (Tenebrio molitor) , Gnathocerus
Maxillosus, and BROAD-HORNED FLOUR BEETLE (Gnathocerus cornutus) were pests of
economic importance in ALABAMA. Red flour beetle contributed a minor amount of
the serious damage to stored corn in LOUISIANA. Confused flour beetle, red flour
beetle, and Tenebrio sp. damaged various stored products in TEXAS. Confused flour
beetle was a pest in all stored grains in KANSAS. Red flour beetle was a stored
grain pest in WYOMING and WASHINGTON and occasionally in CALIFORNIA during the
year. In NEW MEXICO, yellow mealworm was commonly found in barns and feed storage
areas and heavy infestations of red flour beetle were occasionally found in

stored grain and feed in the southern counties.

Heavy numbers of INDIAN-MEAL MOTH (Plodia interpunctella) were noted in bags of
soybeans at Fairland, Montgomery County, MARYLAND. This pest was also reported
in VIRGINIA. ANGOUMOIS GRAIN MOTH (Sitotroga cerealella) was heavy in stored
corn and small grains on several farms in the southern section of Maryland.
AMERICAN PLUM BORER (Euzophera semifuneralis) was found tunnelling in stored
sweetpotatoes in Edgecombe County, NORTH CAROLINA, in October. The infestation
was very light, but was an unusual occurrence, ALMOND MOTH (Cadra cautella)
attacked stored peanuts in ALABAMA, Angoumois grain moth and Indian-meal moth
were a problem in stored grains in North Carolina, pests of economic importance
in Alabama, and two of the most important stored corn pests in LOUISIANA. Almond
moth, Indian-meal moth, and angoumois grain moth damaged various stored products
in TEXAS. Indian-meal moth was the most common pest of stored grain and feed in
NEW MEXICO. NAVEL ORANGEWORM (Paramyelois transitella) was a storage pest of
almond and walnut meats and some dried fruits in CALIFORNIA, Indian-meal moth
was quite frequently reported from pantry storage, and occasionally in dried
fruit, in California. MEAL MOTH (Pyralis farinalis) was a stored grain pest in
WYOMING. Angoumois grain moth was the most noted insect pest of stored corn in
KANSAS. Indian-meal moth was a pest in all stored grains in Kansas and was
observed in grain storage facilities in various areas of NORTH DAKOTA,

In ARKANSAS, widespread effective control measures kept pests under control and
no significant changes in infestations occurred. No heavy infestations were
reported in NEW JERSEY, where Indian-meal moth, saw-toothed grain beetle,
cigarette beetle, drugstore beetle, and mealworms were the primary stored product
pests. MUSHROOM MITE (Tyrophagus putrescentiae) occurred in grain storage and
stored beans locally in CALIFORNIA.

= a) =

BENEFICIAL INSECTS

CONVERGENT LADY BEETLE (Hippodamia convergens) and TRANSVERSE LADY BEETLE
(Coccinella transversoguttata) were abundant on alfalfa in Walla Walla County,
WASHINGTON, by late April; the first pupae appeared by mid-May in Benton County.
In CALIFORNIA, LADY BEETLES (Hippodamia spp.) were particularly plentiful in
croplands until summer; Cryptolaemus montrouzieri was the primary predator on
Pseudococcus citri (citrus mealybug). VEDALIA (Rodolia cardinalis) occurred in
sufficient numbers and distribution in California to reduce Icerya purchasi
(cottony-cushion scale) to below economic levels. Above normal populations of
lady beetles in Lyon County alfalfa fields in NEVADA assisted in supressing a
severe Acyrthosiphon pisum (pea aphid) outbreak in July. Several species of
lady beetles were abundant in WYOMING on crops throughout the State. Convergent
lady beetle and TWO-SPOTTED LADY BEETLE (Adalia bipunctata) were abundant in
most areas of NORTH DAKOTA. Hippodamia spp. populations remained at a constant
level in NEBRASKA; locally, numbers increased following aphid buildups. Lady
beetles were present in normal numbers in KANSAS in 1964,

Lady beetles aided substantially in keeping populations of destructive pests in
NEW MEXICO under control, Populations were high in alfalfa, small grain and
cotton fields during spring and early summer in that State. Several species of
lady beetles were found attacking economic pests in TEXAS. Convergent lady
beetle was commonly found in OKLAHOMA. Various species of lady beetles were
important predators of aphids and larvae and eggs of Lepidoptera in ARKANSAS.
Activity was first noted in northwest Arkansas on March 28 and reproduction was
well underway in that area on April 17. Adults and larvae of all species of
lady beetles were noted in the weekly survey for predators in cotton fields in
Arkansas. Convergent lady beetle was the most important predator in cotton
fields of ALABAMA; however, Coccinella novemnotata and Coleomegilla maculata
fuscilabris were also predators in cotton fields.

A few adults of Hippodamia parenthesis, convergent lady beetle, Coccinella
novemnotata and Coleomegilla maculata fuscilabris were active in alfalfa fields
in southern ILLINOIS in early April; the first larvae were observed in that
area on April 28. Lady beetles were common in clover and alfalfa fields in
Illinois and they fed heavily on Rhopalosiphum maidis (corn leaf aphid). Larvae
of two-spotted lady beetle preyed upon Phenacoccus dearnessi (a mealybug) in
WISCONSIN.

Two-spotted lady beetle and Coleomegilla maculta were reported locally in
VIRGINIA; convergent lady beetle was reported also. Several species of lady
beetles, especially convergent lady beetle, were helpful in reducing aphid popu-
lations on alfalfa, corn and tobacco throughout the season in MARYLAND. During
late fall and early winter homeowners in NEW HAMPSHIRE submitted lady beetles
which indicated that these beneficial insects were more abundant than normal.
This abundance was probably the result of high aphid populations earlier in the
season. Transverse lady beetle and THIRTEEN-SPOTTED LADY BEETLE (Hippodamia
tredecimpunctata tibialis) were very active in potato fields of MAINE in late
June and early July. Thirteen-spotted lady beetle was the predominant species.

A GROUND BEETLE (Calosoma sycophanta), a predator of Porthetria dispar (gypsy
moth), was released experimentally in the Bellows Falls area of VERMONT. Predation
by C. scrutator helped control Heterocampa guttivitta (saddled prominent) larvae
in WISCONSIN. H. guttivitta caused severe to complete defoliation of more than
200 acres of timber on Chambers Island in Door County. GROUND BEETLES were found
attacking economic pests in TEXAS.

A PUNCTURE-VINE SEED WEEVIL (Microlarinus lareynii) and a PUNCTURE-VINE STEM
WEEVIL (M. lypriformis) heavily infested puncture-vine plants in Clark County
and southern Nye County, NEVADA. These beetles were successfully established in
one of the 2 release sites in Churchill County, but apparently were unsuccessful
in overwintering in Lincoln and Mineral Counties. A GORSE WEEVIL (Apion ulicis)
was released near Doe Bay, San Juan County, WASHINGTON, for control of gorse

- 400 -

(Ulex europaeus). THREE-LINED POTATO BEETLE (Lema trilineata) adults were very
destructive to Jimson-weed in cornfields at several locations in Queen Annes
County, MARYLAND. BLISTER BEETLES were common around grasshopper eggs over the
State of NORTH DAKOTA.

A EULOPHID (Tetrastichus julis) was introduced into INDIANA as a biological
control for Oulema melanopa (cereal leaf beetle). A total of 154 adults was
released in severely infested oatfields in St. Joseph County during May and early
June. These gregarious larval parasites originated in Italy and were collected
by USDA and Purdue University entomologists during April and early May. Evalua-
tion of whether or not this species is established in Indiana will be undertaken
in the spring of 1965, Tetrastichus incertus was released in fields lightly
infested with Hypera postica (alfalfa weevil) in ILLINOIS; 1,900 specimens were
released in Hardin, Massac, Johnson and Pulaski Counties between May 25 and

June 4, One of the principal parasites of Ostrinia nubilalis (European corn
borer) in SOUTH DAKOTA was the eulophid, Sympiesis viridula, which was present
throughout the corn-growing regions of the State. Ten individuals of Physcus
varicornis were reared from several thousand overwintering nymphs of Gossyparia
Spuria (European elm scale) which were collected on elm branches in KANSAS.
Rearing was done at the USDA Insect Identification and Parasite Introduction
Station at Moorestown, New Jersey.

BRACONIDS (Opius spp.) were extremely scarce during 1964 in NEW YORK on Rhagoletis
pomonella (apple maggot); only 16 females and 10 males were collected in apple
Maggot emergence cages (rate of parasitism was only 0.11 percent). In WISCONSIN,
Trioxys utilis, a parasite of Therioaphis maculata (spotted alfalfa aphid), was
relatively common in early May and again in late August. Apanteles militaris

was instrumental in controlling localized outbreaks of Pseudaletia unipuncta
(armyworm). In one instance, about 80 percent of the P. unipuncta larvae were
parasitized in Wisconsin. Macrocentrus gifuensis, a paraSite of Ostrinia nubilalis,
was present throughout the corn-growing region of SOUTH DAKOTA. Populations of
Aphidius spp. adults ranged 7-32 per sweep in seed alfalfa in Walla Walla County,
WASHINGTON, by June. Unspecified braconids attacked economic pests in TEXAS
during the season.

AN ICHNEUMON (Netelia leo arizonensis) appeared in heavy flights locally in the
Antelope Valley of Los Angeles County, CALIFORNIA, in May. Horogenes punctorius,
a parasite of Ostrinia nubilalis,was present throughout SOUTH DAKOTA in the corn-
growing regions. Ophion spp. were caught in large numbers in blacklight traps

in WISCONSIN in mid-May; these ichneumons are associated with Phyllophaga spp.
(white grubs) and cutworms. Tersilochus sp. has shown promise in laboratory
tests as a parasite of Oulema melanopa in INDIANA. This ichneumon is a single-
generation species with obligatory diapause.

A MINUTE EGG PARASITE (Trichogramma minutum) was very helpful throughout ALABAMA
in controlling Heliothis zea (bollworm) and H. virescens (tobacco budworm). Other
PARASITIC WASPS were noted in cotton fields of Alabama; these also aided in
keeping a balance of pests in other crops and plant growth, especially in corn,
crimson clover and in gardens. Parasitic wasps were above normal in alfalfa
fields of Lyon County, NEVADA, where they assisted in suppressing a severe out-
break of Acyrthosiphon pisum in July. An ENCYRTID (Ooencyrtus kuwanai), a
parasite of Nygmia phaeorrhoea (brown-tail moth), Porthetria dispar (gypsy moth),
Stilpnotia salicis (Satin moth) and Apanteles melanoscelus (a braconid), was
observed infesting P. dispar egg masses in VERMONT. A EUPELMID (Eupelmus popa),
a parasite of Contarina sorghicola (sorghum midge), was reported in grain sorghum
heads in Uvalde County, TEXAS. PARASITIC HYMENOPTERONS were very active in
holding down aphid numbers in ARKANSAS. The earliest record in northwestern
Arkansas was March 6; activity continued through the warm weather into early
November.

A DAMSEL BUG (Nabis ferus) was common in alfalfa fields in the Kingston area of
Washington County, RHODE ISLAND. Nabis spp. were again common in most alfalfa,
clover and tobacco fields of MARYLAND during the summer months. Various species

- 401 -

of damsel bugs were predators in cotton fields of ALABAMA, Nabis sp. was common
in legume and corn fields throughout the season in ILLINOIS. In NEBRASKA, Nabis
sp. fluctuated from light to moderate throughout the season, depending upon local
aphid buildups. Damsel bugs were present in normal numbers in KANSAS. Nabis spp.
were commonly found in OKLAHOMA. Nabis spp. were active as late as November in
ARKANSAS and attacked economic pests in TEXAS. Damsel bug populations were high
in alfalfa, small grain and cotton fields of NEW MEXICO during spring and early
summer. These bugs aided substantially in keeping populations of destructive
pests under control in New Mexico. N. ferus was plentiful in cotton fields of
CALIFORNIA. Larger populations of Nabis Spp. were noted in 1964 in WYOMING than
had been recorded in 1963. The highest numbers were found in alfalfa and sugar
beet fields in July and August.

BIG-EYED BUGS (Geocoris spp.) were plentiful in CALIFORNIA cotton fields. Popu-
lations were abundant throughout WYOMING in alfalfa fields; populations were about
the same as in 1963. The highest populations were found in Park, Big Horn,
Sheridan, Johnson and Goshen Counties of Wyoming. In ARKANSAS, G. punctipes was
the most important of the various species of predators on a wide variety of crops.
The earliest activity was noted in the northwestern section of Arkansas on

March 6; activity continued until late October. G. punctipes was a predator in

cotton in ALABAMA.

A FLOWER BUG (Orius tristicolor) was plentiful in cotton fields of CALIFORNIA,
Orius spp. were particularly abundant in alfalfa and corn fields in WYOMING
where populations were generally larger than in 1963. Orius sp. adults were
present in light, scattered numbers on legumes in NEBRASKA. O. insidiosus was
found in normal numbers in KANSAS and commonly found in OKLAHOMA. Populations
of MINUTE PIRATE BUGS were high in alfalfa, small grain and cotton fields in
NEW MEXICO during the spring and early summer; these aided substantially in
keeping populations of destructive pests under control. O. insidiosus was found
attacking economic pests in TEXAS. 0O. insidiosus was the number-one predator of
Heliothis zea (bollworm) eggs in ARKANSAS. Seasonal activity began a little
later than some other predators. The first record in northern Arkansas was
April 17 with activity continuing into early November. Orius spp. were important
predators in cotton fields of ALABAMA, and were well destributed in soybean
fields on the lower Eastern Shore of MARYLAND during late summer,

WHEEL BUG (Arilus cristatus) was found in TEXAS where it attacked economic pests.
Populations of ASSASSIN BUGS were high in alfalfa, small grain and cotton fields
of NEW MEXICO; they aided substantially in keeping populations of destructive
pests under control. Assassin bugs were important predators in cotton fields in
ALABAMA.

GREEN LACEWING adults were submitted by homeowners in NEW HAMPSHIRE, indicating
that these beneficial insects were more abundant than normal; probably due to

the high aphid populations earlier in the season. Green lacewing adults were

very abundant in the field and at windows in RHODE ISLAND, They were also
collected on sticky boards and in light traps. Larvae were found whenever aphids
were abundant in Rhode Island. GOLDEN-EYE LACEWING (Chrysopa oculata) was a
predator in cotton fields of ALABAMA,

The first adult of golden-eye lacewing of the season in ILLINOIS was observed in
the southern area on April 7 and the first larvae on May 12. Both adults and
larvae were common in aphid-infested corn and legume fields of Illinois. A green
lacewing (Chrysopa sp.) was abundant in NORTH DAKOTA, The largest populations

of Chrysopa spp. were found in alfalfa fields in southeastern WYOMING but only
slightly smaller populations were found in most other areas of the State.
Chrysopa sp. larvae and adults were found on legumes and corn throughout the
season in NEBRASKA. LACEWINGS were present in normal numbers in KANSAS. Chrysopa
spp. were commonly found in OKLAHOMA and ARKANSAS. In the latter State, they

are very important predators. The first larvae of the season were recorded on
April 24 and were recorded on alfalfa as late as early November in Arkansas.
Golden-eye lacewing attacked economic pests in TEXAS. Green lacewing populations

- 402 -

were high in alfalfa, small grain and cotton fields of NEW MEXICO during spring
and early summer, and aided in keeping populations of destructive pests down.
Populations of Chrysopa carnea. and of a BROWN LACEWING (Sympherobius californicus)
were heavier than in past years in CALIFORNIA,

Larvae of FLOWER FLIES were above normal in Lyon County, NEVADA, in alfalfa where
they assisted in suppressing a severe outbreak of Acyrthosiphon pisum in July.
Syrphus spp. were very effective in reducing aphid populations in CALIFORNIA, and
adults and larvae were very abundant in alfalfa fields of NEW MEXICO which were
infested with A. pisum in the Farmington-Aztec area of San Juan County. Flower
flies attacked economic pests in TEXAS. Larvae were present in normal numbers

in KANSAS. Larvae of various species were conspicuous in alfalfa and tobacco
fields infested with aphids in MARYLAND. Flower flies were important predators
in cotton fields in ALABAMA.

A ROBBER FLY (Tolmerus prairiensis) waS common on rangeland near Bowman, NORTH
DAKOTA; one specimen was Observed feeding on an adult grasshopper. A TACHINA
FLY (Winthemia quadripustulata) was instrumental in controlling localized out-
breaks of Pseudaletia unipuncta (armyworm) in WISCONSIN. Approximately 2,400
specimens of Parasetigena agalis were released in Rockingham, Windham County,
VERMONT; this tachina fly is a parasite of Porthetria dispar (gypsy moth).

No recoveries of a CINNABAR MOTH (Tyria jacobaeae) have been made in WASHINGTON
since it was released in Clark County in 1960. This arctiid moth feeds on tansy
ragwort (Senecio jacobaea).

A PHYTOSEIID MITE (Typhlodromus occidentalis) destroyed eggs and adults of

Tetranychus mcdanieli (a spider mite) on apple in Chelan and Douglas Counties,
WASHINGTON, during late spring.

HONEY BEE (Apis mellifera) honey production was less than in 1963 in WASHINGTON;
fruit tree pollinationwas critical because of the shortage of strong colonies in
some localities. Honey production was expected to be down from 1962 and 1963 in
KANSAS, but otherwise production was the largest since 1950. The State's 46,000
colonies were expected to yield 44 pounds of honey per colony for a total of
2,024,000 pounds. A total of 3,054 colonies were inspected for disease; 6
colonies were infected with American foulbrood and 15 colonies were infected
with European foulbrood. These were not "blanket'"' inspections, but were made
mostly on requests from individual beekeepers prior to moving, buying or selling
colonies. There were some reports of winter losses in RHODE ISLAND. The first
honey bee swarm was noted May 13. There was a heavy honey production in some
parts of Rhode Island.

ALKALI BEE (Nomia melanderi) males began emerging one week later than normal in
WASHINGTON; Iate June in Franklin County, and mid-June in Walla Walla County.

The peak of flight activity was delayed 1-2 weeks and only continued for about

16 days. A few females were observed renesting as late as fall in Washington,
Alkali bee was reported in WYOMING in 1964. Populations of alkali bee in NEVADA,
especially those produced in artifical beds, were at medium to high levels in
most alfalfa seed producing areas. Emergence began in mid-May in the southern
area and in mid-July in the northern area,

Other important pollinating bees reported included: A LEAFCUTTING BEE (Megachile
rotundata) in WASHINGTON. M. rotundata began emerging from field nest stations
in Grant County in late June, which was 2 weeks late for that part of Washington;
the second generation was delayed and renesting was reduced by the onset of cold
weather. The first queens of a BUMBLE BEE (Bombus mixtus) emerged at the normal
time in Washington; about June 1 in Pacific County. Cranberry flowering was
delayed 3 weeks by cool weather and B. mixtus, the major pollinator, was
ineffective. Populations by M. rotundata were high in Humboldt, Lander, Pershing
and Washoe Counties, NEVADA, Emergence occurred almost 2 weeks before that of
Nomia melanderi (alkali bee) in Nevada. Bumble bees were somewhat less common

in RHODE ISLAND than they were in 1963.

- 403 -

Over 6 million parasites and/or predators were released by the University of
California during 1964. These include the following:

BRACONIDS PTEROMALIDS

Agathis sp. Muscidifurax raptor

Apantetes =e Spalangia cameroni
racon cushmani S. drosophilae

Ephedrus plagiator S. endius

Euphorus pallipes Bo nigroaenea

Phanerotoma flavitestacea

Trioxys pallidus
A GALL WASP

ICHNEUMONS Trybliographa sp.

Bathyplectes sp.

Campoplex haywardi A DIAPRIID
Trichopria sp.

A CHALICID

Diversinervus elegans A COREID BUG
Chelinidea vittiger

EULOPHIDS

Aphelinus sp. A LADY BEETLE

A. varipes

Aphytis sp. Rhizobius sp.

A. hispanicus

A. melinus
Coccophagoides sp.
Dasycapus parvipennis

A PUNCTURE-VINE SEED WEEVIL

Tetrastichus incertus

ENCYRTIDS

Comperiella bifasciata

Microlarinus lareynii

A SCIOMYZID FLY

Sepedon bifida
Copidosoma koehleri i

PHYTOSEIID MITES
A TORYMID
Amblyseius hibisci
Eupteromalus nidulans A. swirskii
Iphiseius degenerans
Phytoseiulus persimilis
Typhlodromus Limonicus

T. rickeri

MISCELANEOUS INSECTS

Surveys continued in the JAPANESE BEETLE (Popillia japonica) eradication area in
Sacramento, Sacramento County, and West Sacramento, Yolo County, CALIFORNIA. Over
10,000 traps were placed in the six-county area surrounding the previously known
infestations. All results have been negative for any form of Japanese beetle for
two years. The Japanese beetle infestation in the Battle Creek area of Calhoun

- 404 -

and Kalamazoo Counties, MICHIGAN, now extends about two miles east from the 1963
infested area, and is the largest known to occur in the State. Relatively light
samplings were taken from the other infested counties in Michigan, In ILLINOIS,
some extension of known infestations occurred, but no new infestations were found.
The first adult of the season was taken in a trap near East St. Louis, Illinois,
on June 8, Japanese beetle was light to heavy on flowers, fruit trees, wild
roses, and other ornamentals throughout VIRGINIA. Adults appeared later than
usual in MARYLAND and were generally light to moderate on favored host plants
with the heaviest numbers occurring in parts of Queen Annes, Montgomery and
Prince Georges Counties. Turf damage by Japanese beetle grubs was very low in
NEW JERSEY, and adult populations declined in most areas. Populations were very
low and of short duration in MASSACHUSETTS, where first adults were noted on

July 3 in the Amherst area of Hampshire County. In RHODE ISLAND, the first adults
were collected in Kingston, Washington County, on June 23 and in Newport, Newport
County, on June 25, Populations were extremely low for the third consecutive
year. The only heavy populations reported were on the Jamestown shore of Newport
County and on a single property in Exiter, Washington County. In MAINE, the

first adults were observed in Auburn, Androscoggin County, on June 29,

ASIATIC GARDEN BEETLE (Maladera castanea) is now known to occur in Ashtabula,
Cuyahoga, Columbiana and Washington Counties of OHIO, but did not cause appreci-
able damage in 1964. Asiatic garden beetle was less conspicuous in RHODE ISLAND
than in previous years. EUROPEAN CHAFER (Amphimallon majalis) was found infesting
approximately 4,500 acres in Erie County, PENNSYLVANIA, east of the area treated
ine 963% arrears

In FLORIDA, two new counties were found infested with IMPORTED FIRE ANT (Solenopsis
saevissima richteri). These were probably extensions of older infestations. In
SOUTH CAROLINA, only one new county was reported infested during 1964. In GEORGIA,
all seven counties found infested during the year were contiguous to previously
infested counties. The imported fire ant is becoming more widespread in ALABAMA
and mounds appear more concetrated in the old infested area. Three new counties
were added to the list of infestations in MISSISSIPPI. The imported fire ant
continued to spread northward in LOUISIANA, especially up the valleys of the Red
and Mississippi Rivers, All parishes in the State, except three, have now been
found infested. Three new counties were found infested in TEXAS and the infested
areas in other counties increased.

Eradication of STRIPED MEALYBUG (Ferrisia virgata), by spraying host plants,
continued in Brawley, El Centro, Imperial and Winterhaven in Imperial County,
CALIFORNIA. Known infestations of this pest occurred in 43 city blocks. Survey
and detection for CITRUS WHITEFLY (Dialeurodes citri) continued all year in
California. The grid system of survey has been used for two years and is proving
to be a useful detection tool in populated areas. Several new infestations were
found during 1964 and some reinfestation occurred. Eradication treatment began
in mid-November 1964, and will extend into the spring of 1965. The area to
receive treatment has been reduced from 1,400 city blocks to 700 city blocks,

A field infestation of a SLUG (Arion ater) was found in Hayward, Alameda County,
CALIFORNIA. This is a new county record, and the farthest south this slug has
been taken. In June, an ASSASSIN BUG (Empicoris reticulatus) was collected at
Tecate, San Diego County, California. This is the first time this species has
been found on the west coast.

Large numbers of ANT-LIKE FLOWER BEETLES (Notoxus spp.) were found in blooms and
terminals of cotton plants in Dona Ana, Luna, Sierra, Hidalgo, Chaves, Eddy,

Otero, Lea, and Roosevelt Counties of NEW MEXICO. A CLERID BEETLE (Trichodes sp.) ,
determined by D. M. Anderson, and the adults and larvae of a BLISTER BEETLE
(Nemognatha lutea lutea), determined by T. J. Spilman, were found in nests of
alfalfa leafcutting bees at Flowell, Millard County, UTAH

Large numbers of a CICADA (Cacama variegata) were present in the southwestern
section of TEXAS and an unspecified MITE damaged commercial earthworm beds in

- 405 -

many parts of the State. In NEVADA, infestations of a FALSE CHINCH BUG (Nysius
sp.) in yards and home gardens were heaviest in Clark, Lincoln, Elko and Washoe
Counties. Migration from rangeland to residental areas began in April in the
south and extended into September in the north. Larvae of a SAWFLY (Schizocerella
pilicornis) were abundant on purslane in NORTH DAKOTA.

CICADA KILLER (Sphecius speciosus) was numerous in the Panhandle of OKLAHOMA
during August. A few reports of cicada killer were received in VIRGINIA. These
wasps were active and annoying near sandy areas at several places in central
MARYLAND and the number of complaints was considerably above normal,

In MARYLAND, two species of insects were abundant in the litter of broiler
houses, LESSER MEALWORM (Alphitobius diaperinus) adults in a broiler house in
Worchester County, and an undetermined PSOCID in several broiler houses in the
Salisbury area, Wicomico County, during July.

EUROPEAN CORN BORER (Ostrinia nubilalis) and FALL ARMYWORM (Spodoptera frugiperda)
populations were high during August and September in NEW JERSEY. The CORN EARWORM
(Heliothis zea) outbreak in New Jersey in August resulted in the highest popula-
tions since 1955. These species were extremely difficult to control and could
easily be found in sweet corn in most areas of the State late in the season,

LIST OF CONTRIBUTORS

ALABAMA ILLINOIS
H. F. McQueen Clarence White and Ronald Meyer
ALASKA INDIANA
R. H. Washburn R. A. Bram
ARIZONA KANSAS
D. G. Fullerton L. L. Peters; assisted by personnel
of State Board of Agriculture, Div.
ARKANSAS Ent.; Dept. Ent., Kansas State
W. P. Boyer Univ.; U.S.D.A.
CALIFORNIA LOUISIANA
R. M. Hawthorne L. D. Newsom et al.
COLORADO MAINE
L. E. Jenkins et al. L. W. Boulanger
CONNECTICUT MARYLAND
J. P. Johnson and M. Savos W. C. Harding, Jr.
DELAWARE MASSACHUSETTS
P. P. Burbutis; assisted by H. E. Wave
R. W. Lake,
MICHIGAN
FLORIDA A. C. Dowdy et al.
F. W. Mead, W. A. Simanton,
A. M. Phillips and W. G. Genung MINNESOTA
R. G. Flaskerd
GEORGIA

W. C. Johnson

- 406 -

MISSOURI PENNSYLVANIA
R. E. Munson et al. E. J. Udine
NEBRASKA RHODE ISLAND
P. W. Bergman et al. J. A. Mathewson et al.
NEVADA SOUTH DAKOTA
R. €. Bechtel S. D. Hintz
NEW HAMPSHIRE TENNESSEE
J. G. Conklin and A. H. Mason R. P. Mullett and J. H. Locke
NEW JERSEY TEXAS
F. C. Swift and L. M. Vasvary M. V. Meisch
NEW MEXICO UTAH
G. L. Nielsen G. F. Knowlton et al.
NEW YORK VERMONT
A. A. Muka; assisted by coop— J. W. Scott
erators of Weekly News Letter.
VIRGINIA
NORTH CAROLINA J. M. Grayson, R. N. Hofmaster et al.
D. A. Mount
WASHINGTON
NORTH DAKOTA C. A. Johansen; cooperating with
Re Diy nGye Federal, State and field entomolo-
gists.
OHIO
R. W. Rings et al. WISCONSIN
M. S. Conrad
OKLAHOMA
D. C. Arnold WYOMING

W. D. Marks

Included in the "Summary of Insect Conditions in the United States - 1964" are
the following special reports:
1. Summary of Fruit Insect Conditions, 1964, New York-New England Fruit
Spray Specialists' Conference, compiled by L. W. Boulanger, Maine
Agricultural Experiment Station, from the conference held at Orono,
Maine, October 20-21, 1964.

2. The highlight section of Forest Insect Conditions in the United
States - 1964, compiled by the Forest Service, U.S. Department of
Agriculture,

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- 408 -

ESTIMATED LOSSES AND PRODUCTION COSTS ATTRIBUTED TO INSECTS AND RELATED ARTHROPODS

ATTACKING Cotton IN Arizona DURING 1964
; (Commodity) (State or District) (Year)

A. Pest or pest complex: Weevils, pink bollworm, fleahoppers, bollworn, lygus bugs, beet armyworm, cabbage looper

B. Number of acres @ produced (From CRS) No. 375,000
C. Average yield per acre a (From CRS) Units/ 2.13 bales
D. PriceP per unit ( bale )° (From CRS) $/ 158.50
E, Acres a needing control No. 375 , 000
F. Acres a treated No. 250,000
G. Reduction due to not treating where needed:
H. Loss in yield, percent % 20
I. Loss in yield, units per acre 7, Cx H Units/ -43 bale
J. Loss in yield, $ per acre *, Dx I $/ 68.15
K. Loss in quality, $ per ane © $/ aot5
L. Yield loss for all acres a, (E-F) x I Units 53,750 bales
M. Control cost, $ per acre a $/ 30.00
N. Control cost for all acres 2m Fx M $ 7,500,000
O. Yield loss for all acres a, (E-F) x J $ 8,518,750
P. Quality loss for all ---- a (E-F) x K $ Soe
Q. Combined control cost and losses, N+0O+P $ 16,018,750
R. Percent loss due to each insect in the complex:

Comment: Estimated savings -~ $24,410

a. Acres, head of cattle or other producing units used by Crop Reporting Service.
b. Season average price per unit as given by CRS (describe basis).

c. Bushels, boxes, tons or other marketing units used by CRS; show which in ( ).

Submitted by Dale Fullerton

Date ‘March 9, 1965

VOL.15 No. 18 | April 30, 1965

9)
p oes

yes
Jas
ee:
Cooperative

ECONOMIC INSECT

REPORT

"Issued by
PLANT PEST CONTROL DIVISION
AGRICULTURAL RESEARCH SERVICE

UNITED STATES DEPARTMENT OF AGRICULTURE

AGRICULTURAL RESEARCH SERVICE

PLANT PEST CONTROL DIVISION

SURVEY AND DETECTION OPERATIONS

The Cooperative Economic Insect Report is issued
weekly as a service to American Agriculture. Its contents
are compiled from information supplied by cooperating State,
Federal, and industrial entomologists and other agricultural
workers. In releasing this material the Division serves as
a clearing house and does noi assume responsibility for ac-
curacy of the material.

All correspondence pertaining to additions, dele-
tions and changes of addresses for the mailing
list for this report should be sent to:

Service Operations Division
Office of Plant and Operations
United States Department of Agriculture
Washington, D. C. 20250

Reports and inquiries pertaining to this release
should be mailed to:

Survey and Detection Operations
Plant Pest Control Division
Agricultural Research Service
United States Department of Agriculture
Federal Center Building
Hyattsville, Maryland 20781

Volume 15 April 30, 1965 Number 18
COOPERATIVE ECONOMIC INSECT REPORT
HIGHLIGHTS:

ALFALFA WEEVIL damage occurring early in New Jersey; larval injury increased in
Delaware and heavy in Greene County, Pennsylvania; damage severe on alfalfa in
Ohio; first chemical controls ever used in Missouri applied. (p. 411). PEA APHID
heavy on alfalfa in Ohio, Oklahoma and Nevada. (pp. 412, 428). ARMY CUTWORM
heavy in alfalfa and damaging wheat in Nebraska. (p. 412). SPOTTED ALFALFA APHID
damaging young alfalfa in Graham County, Arizona, and THREE-CORNERED ALFALFA
HOPPER increasing rapidly in southern part of State. APHIDS and SPIDER MITES
threatening seed production of Caley peas in Alabama, and CLOVER MITE damaging
clovers in southern Mississippi. ARMYWORM reported in Alabama and Mississippi
and infesting small grains in Texas; moths noted in Missouri and Illinois.

(p. 413). FALL ARMYWORM damaging corn in Texas. EUROPEAN CORN BORER pupation
noted in Maryland and Delaware, (p. 414). SOUTHERN CORN ROOTWORM damaging corn
in Texas. CORN LEAF APHID heavy on barley in Arizona and New Mexico and wide-
spread on grain sorghum in Texas. (p. 415). BOLLWORM and SALT-MARSH CATERPILLAR
damaging flax in Texas. LYGUS BUGS and COTTON FLEAHOPPER of concern on safflower
in Arizona. (p. 147).

PECAN CASEBEARERS (Acrobasis spp.) damaging pecans in Georgia, Texas and Oklahoma
(pp. 418, 428). CITRUS THRIPS nymphs increasing on Arizona citrus. A SNOW SCALE
(Unaspis citri) causing concern to citrus industry in Florida. (p. 418). DIAMOND-
BACK MOTH larvae causing some damage to cabbage in Florida. (p. 419). Threatening
BEET LEAFHOPPER populations continue evident in California as rainfall keeps
vegetation green. (p. 420). BUDWORMS (Heliothis spp.) and WIREWORMS light to
heavy and SOUTHERN MOLE CRICKET light to moderate on tobacco in Georgia. (p. 420).
BOLLWORM egg counts highest at any time in past 6 years in Arkansas. (p. 421).
EASTERN TENT CATERPILLAR damaging in Alabama, Missouri and Ohio; hatching in

New Jersey. (p. 422). SHEEP KED heavy on sheep in Ohio. (p. 425). BENEFICIAL
INSECTS Low in Arkansas and Wisconsin, (pp. 426-427).

DETECTION

New county records reported were a FALSE POWDER-POST BEETLE (Scobicia suturalis)
in Santa Barbara County, California, (p. 422); ALFALFA WEEVIL (Hypera postica) in
Scott, Floyd, Clark, Washington, Jackson, Orange, Daviess, Pike and Posey Counties,
Indiana, (p. 428); RED HARVESTER ANT (Pogonomyrmex barbatus) in Creek, Okmulgee,
Haskell, Muskogee, Wagoner, Sequoyah and Le Flore Counties, Oklahoma, (p. 429).

SOME FIRST REPORTS OF THE SEASON

CLOVER LEAF WEEVIL in Pennsylvania, Michigan and Kansas; PEA APHID in Colorado;
SPOTTED ALFALFA APHID in Wisconsin and Indiana; ENGLISH GRAIN APHID and GREENBUG
winged forms and CORN EARWORM moth in Missouri; CEREAL LEAF BEETLE in Michigan;
SUGARCANE BEETLE adults in Alabama; GRASSHOPPERS in Michigan, Oklahoma and Idaho;
RED-BANDED LEAF ROLLER egg masses in Maryland and Pennsylvania; GREEN PEACH APHID
on potatoes in Colorado; TOBACCO FLEA BEETLE in Maryland and Georgia; GARDEN
SPRINGTAIL on tobacco in Maryland; SPING CANKERWORM adults in Missouri, Wisconsin
and North Dakota; FACE FLY in Missouri, Illinois and Ohio; ROCKY MOUNTAIN WOOD
TICK in Wyoming and Idaho; AMERICAN DOG TICK in New Jersey, Maryland and Missouri.

CORRECTIONS and ADDITIONAL NOTES

See pages 427 through 429,

(continued on page 410)

- 410 -

SPECIAL REPORTS

Report on Survival of Boll Weevil as Determined by Surface Trash Examinations
in Tennessee in the Spring - 1965. (p. 421).

Estimates of Damage by European Corn Borer to Grain Corn in the United States
in 1964. (pp. 431-432).

Status of the Screw-worm in the Southwest. @. 433).

Estimated Losses and Production Costs Attributed to Insects and Related Arthropods
Attacking Wheat, Soybeans and Rice in Arkansas, and Corn and Barley in Colorado
in 1964. (pp. 434-436).

Reports in this issue are for the week ending April 23 unless otherwise indicated.

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WEATHER OF THE WEEK ENDING APRIL 26

HIGHLIGHTS: (1) Record flood stages, Wisconsin to Missouri. (2) Hot and dry,
southwestern deserts to southwestern Great Plains, (3) Warm and humid, Cotton
Belt in Florida. (4) Rains in Florida after several weeks of dry weather.

TEMPERATURE: Temperatures were warmer than for the previous week over most of
the Nation. Over the desert southwest it was 10° to 16° warmer than the previous
week and 3° to 6° above normal with several stations reporting 100° or higher.
Many stations in Kansas and Missouri were in the 90's on Friday. Warm gulf air
in the southeast sent temperatures into the 80's as far north as Kentucky. In
the Northern States, Canadian air masses kept maximum temperatures mostly in the
40's and 50's. Early on Saturday, North Platte, Nebraska, was in the cool air
with 39° while Kansas City, Missouri, less than 300 miles away and south of the
flood reported 75°. Temperatures were slightly cooler than the previous week
along the northern and central Atlantic coast.

PRECIPITATION: Southwestern deserts and portions of the Great Plains received
little or no rain, It was the 5th dry week in the Trans—Pecos and the third in
south Texas. Duststorms continued over the Nebraska Panhandle and in eastern
Colorado. More than 3 inches of rain fell in coastal Washington and Oregon,
Tampa, Florida, received the first rain in several weeks and Fort Myers had 1.4
inches in one afternoon. Moderate to heavy rains came late in the week to the
Mississippi River flood zone. Some locations in eastern Iowa received near 6
inches of rain, The warm humid air mass spawned vigorous thunderstorms over the
southeastern States. There were damaging winds and hail as large as baseballs at
several locations. By Sunday the rains had spread eastward and covered most of
the eastern one-half of the Nation. Snow fell in the Rockies and at scattered
points from the northern Great Plains to New England. Amounts were generally
light.

FLOOD STORY: Upper Mississippi River flood tributaries of the Mississippi River
in Minnesota, which crested at record high levels during the week of April 12,
remained high through most of the past week as the recessions have been slow.
The crest moving down the upper Mississippi River has been producing stages

well above any previously known. The record flood for the 430-mile stretch
extending from Minneapolis, Minnesota, to Keithsburg, Illinois, occurred in
1952, Records for most gauging stations in this portion of the river go back

(continued on page 429)

- 411 -

CEREAL AND FORAGE INSECTS

ALFALFA WEEVIL (Hypera postica) - NEW JERSEY - Damage occurring early in many
fields; considerable damage noted at some locations on alfalfa 3-4 inches high.
Many fields may need treatment before first cutting. (Ins.-Dis. Newsltr.).
PENNSYLVANIA - Hatching underway in southeast (Menusan); young larvae difficult
to find in southwest (Udine) . Larvae very abundant in Greene County; damage
severe. (Udine). DELAWARE - Larval damage to alfalfa increased noticeably in
most areas; very high population in at least one field in New Castle County with
large number of nearly full-grown larvae and heavy feeding noted. (Burbutis).
MARYLAND - Larvae causing noticeable damage to alfalfa in southern sections;
averaged 20 per sweep in Worcester County; small larvae infesting 5-35 percent

of tips in Washington County. Adults numerous and active on alfalfa in all
sections. (U. Md., Ent. Dept.). MISSISSIPPI - Causing considerable concern

in Leflore, Tunica, De Soto, Coahoma, Pontotoc and other counties. Controls
being applied. (Young, Bennett, Apr. 21). OHIO - In 3 fields of alfalfa checked
in Meigs County, 100 percent of terminal leaf buds infested; similar infestations
noted in Holmes County. Damage 100 percent in untreated fields in Lawrence
County; one field netted one-third cup of larvae and 25 adults per 10 sweeps;
larvae averaged 25 per sweep in another field. Larval feeding noted in 13 fields
examined in Ross County, with terminal infestation approaching 35 percent. Very
little larval and adult activity noted in Columbiana and Mahoning Counties.

Larvae infested 50 percent of terminal buds of alfalfa in field near Cadiz,
Harrison County; infestation 10 percent in field in Carroll County. Infestations,
especially in southern halfof State, apparently increased rapidly during past 2
weeks. (Blakeslee, Crawford, Muntzing, Crown, Holdsworth, Blair, Niemczyk, Rose).
ILLINOIS - None found in alfalfa in west, central and east districts. (Ill. Ins.
Rpt.). MISSOURI - Approximately 25 percent pupation noted in southeast; remaining
larvae averaged 60 per 10 sweeps (range 40-85). First chemical controls ever
used in State for this pest applied. (Harrendorf, Keaster, Jones). COLORADO -
No larvae taken in alfalfa in Mesa County to April 22. (Bulla). WYOMING -
Adults difficult to find in alfalfa in Washakie and Hot Springs Counties; averaged
0.5-1 per square foot. Controls being applied in Washakie County. (Marks).

UTAH - Adults active in Ogden-Roy area, Weber County. (Knowlton). IDAHO - First
egg of season found during period April 17-23. (Bechtolt, Homan). NEVADA -
Adults active, some larvae present, in Lovelock, Pershing County. (Ferraro) .
Adults and some first-stage larvae noted in all alfalfa checked in Reno-Sparks
area, Washoe County. (Bechtel).

CLOVER LEAF WEEVIL (Hypera punctata) - PENNSYLVANIA - Adults and larvae abundant
on alfalfa in Westmoreland County. (Udine). MARYLAND - Light to moderate larval
feeding on alfalfa and red clover at several locations in Prince Georges County.
Adults present on red clover at Carrollton, Prince Georges County. (U. Md., Ent.
Dept.). MICHIGAN - Adults and larvae (up to middle stages) active on clover and
alfalfa in Monroe County April 20; because of cool weather and slight plant growth,
injury low. (Dowdy). ILLINOIS - Larvae ranged 0-25 (average 5) per foot in west,
central and east districts. Larvae collected March 29-April 15 in Hardin, Massac,
Pulaski, Randolph, St. Clair, Clinton, Marion, Clay, Edwards, White, Jasper and
Cumberland Counties parasitized by an inchneumon, probably (Biolysia tristis) ;
parasitism ranged 2-44 percent. Parasites to be reared and positively
identified. No parasites found in larvae collected in Champaign, Warren, Logan,
De Witt, Mason, McDonough and Livingston Counties April 11-21. (Ill. Ins. Rpt.).
MISSOURI - Larvae range O-5 per square foot in alfalfa in southwest and south
central districts. (Houser, Thomas, Peters). KANSAS - Larvae noted on alfalfa

in southeastern area. (Gates, Brooks).

CLOVER HEAD WEEVIL (Hypera meles) - ALABAMA - Larvae and adults present on crimson
clover from extreme southern area to extreme northern area of State. Appeared
heaviest in central area. Infestations less than one larva per clover head noted
in Geneva County fields. One heavy infestation reported in Tuscaloosa County.
(Reynolds, Holstun, et al.)

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LESSER CLOVER LEAF WEEVIL (Hypera nigrirostris) - ILLINOIS - Adults varied 0-10
per 100 sweeps in clover and alfalfa in west, central and east districts. Few
larvae observed in these districts. (Ill. Ins. Rpt.).

CLOVER ROOT CURCULIO (Sitona hispidula) - MISSOURI - Adults in alfalfa range 5-50
per 100 sweeps in southwest and south central districts. (Houser, Thomas,
Peters).

SWEETCLOVER WEEVIL (Sitona cylindricollis) - IDAHO - Adults caused considerable
leaf notching to isolated, ditchbank Ssweetclover in Canyon County. (Waters).

A WEEVIL (Sitona sp.) - ILLINOIS - Adults varied 0-10 per 100 sweeps in clover
and alfalfa in southern three-fourths of State. Ghee inse. Rpt)

VETCH BRUCHID (Bruchus brachialis) - TEXAS - Averaged 1 per 5 sweeps in Kaufman
County vetch; plants beginning to flower. (Turney).

ARMY CUTWORM (Chorizagrotis auxiliaris)—- NEBRASKA - Larval populations scattered
and moderately heavy in some alfalfa near Lexington, Dawson County, and near Grand
Island, Hall County. Light in wheat near Cortland, Gage County. Moderately

heavy and damaging wheat in Keith County. (Rhine). UTAH - Few noted in Ogden-
West Weber alfalfa fields, Weber County. (Knowlton).

VARIEGATED CUTWORM (Peridroma saucia) - TEXAS - Averaged one per 10 sweeps in
Kaufman County vetch. (Turney) .

A CUTWORM (Spaelotis clandestina)- PENNSYLVANIA - All larval stages numerous on
alfalfa in Westmoreland County. (Udine).

PEA APHID (Acyrthosiphon pisum) - NEVADA - Heavy in alfalfa, especially seedling
alfalfa, in Fallon area, Churchill County. Stands being killed in some seedling
fields; controls in progress. (York). Infestations medium in alfalfa north of
Lovelock, Pershing County; populations light south of Lovelock. (Ferraro).
Light, spotted populations noted in southern Washoe County. (Bechtel). Heavy
in alfalfa in Fernley, Lyon County. (Atencio). UTAH - Nymphs noted in some
fields of alfalfa in Davis, Utah and Salt Lake Counties. (Knowlton). COLORADO -
First noted in alfalfa April 15 in Mesa County; ranged 1-8 per 100 sweeps.
(Bulla). NEW MEXICO - Light to moderate on alfalfa in Dona Ana, Chaves and

Eddy Counties. (N.M. Coop. Rpt.). TEXAS - Locally heavy and damaging vetch in
Robertson County (Anderson); light to heavy and widespread in Kaufman and Hunt
Counties (Turney). MISSOURI - Counts in southwest and south central districts
ranged 50-100 per 10 sweeps in some fields and 500-1,000 per 10 sweeps in other
fields. Lady beetles, green lacewings and flower flies present in all fields.
(Houser, Thomas, Peters). KANSAS - Increasing in southeast area; next ten days
should determine if spraying needed in southern area. (Gates, Peters).

ILLINOIS - Ranged 0-75 per sweep in clover and alfalfa in southern three-fourths
of State; aphids killed by parasites or disease common in southern area, Off-
colored, sick aphids common in central district. (Ill. Ins. Rpt.). WISCONSIN -
Nymphs maturing and few half grown in more advanced areas of State. In field in
Marquette County with alfalfa about 2 inches high, populations ranged 0-11 per
stem; averaged 4. Ranged less than one to 8 per stem in field near Spring Green,
Sauk County; counts high in this field last season. Parasite activity low. In
field near Mazomanie, Dane County, A. pisum averaged about one per stem; Praon
pequodorum (a braconid) unusually common in this field. (Wis. Ins. Sur.).

OHIO —- Large increase in population noted near Charleston, Clark County, from
April 8 to April 17 and April 20. Populations moderately heavy; 20-25 per sweep.
(Holdsworth). NEW JERSEY - Present on alfalfa; giving birth to young. Popula-
tions light; 10-100 per 20 sweeps week of April 19. (Ins.-Dis. Newsltr.).
DELAWARE — Present on some alfalfa in New Castle County. (Burbutis). MARYLAND -
Slowly building up on alfalfa in most sections;averaged 30 per sweep near Upper
Marlboro, Prince Georges County. (U. Md., Ent. Dept.). FLORIDA - Total of 250
adults and nymphs taken in 100 sweeps on alfalfa at Gainesville, Alachua County.
(Mead).

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SPOTTED ALFALFA APHID (Therioaphis maculata) - ARIZONA - Continues to increase in
most alfalfa in Graham County - ranged 2-6 per trifoliate leaf. Damage apparent
to young stands. (Ariz. Coop. Sur.). FLORIDA - Adults and nymphs collected on
alfalfa at Gainesville, Alachua County. (Mead). ILLINOIS - None found in west,
central or east districts; varied 0-65 per 100 sweeps in alfalfa in west-southwest
and southwest districts. (111. Ins. Rpt.). WISCONSIN - Eggs hatched in alfalfa
in western Dane, northern Iowa and southern Sauk Counties; nymphs averaged
approximately one per 10 sweeps April 22. Plant growth in these fields about 3-4
inches high. (Wis. Ins. Sur.).

APHIDS - ALABAMA - Extremely heavy populations continue serious threat to seed
production of Caley peas in Black Belt area. Controls applied to several hundred
acres in Wilcox, Dallas, Greene and Bullock Counties. (Alsobrook, Hardy, Johnson,
Ledbetter, Stone).

TARNISHED PLANT BUG (Lygus lineolaris) - WISCONSIN - Adults becoming more notice-
able. (Wis. Ins. Sur.). MICHIGAN - Slight adult activity noted April 20 in
Monroe County legumes. (Dowdy). ILLINOIS - Adults ranged 0-30 (averaged about
7) per 100 sweeps in clover and alfalfa in west, central and east districts.
(Ill. Ins. Rpt.). PENNSYLVANIA - Active but not numerous on alfalfa in Lawrence
County. (Adams).

LYGUS BUGS (Lygus spp.) - NEW MEXICO - Common in alfalfa in Dona Ana County.
Nymphs prevalent in all fields. (N.M. Coop. Rpt.). NEVADA - Mostly adults, but
some first and second-stage nymphs, present in all alfalfa checked in southern
Washoe County. (Bechtel). UTAH - Lygus spp., largely L. elisus, moderately
numerous in alfalfa and orchards in Ogden-Pleasant View area, Weber County.
(Knowlton) .

PLANT BUGS - FLORIDA - Total of 4 adults and 2 nymphs of Adelphocoris rapidus
(rapid plant bug), 3 adults of Spanogonicus albofasciatus and 4 adults of Lygus
lineolaris (tarnished plant bug) taken in 100 sweeps in alfalfa at Gainesville,
Alachua County. (Mead).

GARDEN FLEAHOPPER (Halticus bracteatus) - FLORIDA - Total of 13 adults taken in
100 sweeps in alfalfa at Gainesville, Alachua County. (Mead).

MEADOW SPITTLEBUG (Philaenus spumarius) - PENNSYLVANIA - Hatching noted April 23
in Dauphin County. (Menusan). OHIO - Nymphal infestations of terminal buds of
alfalfa approximately 13 percent in field near Cadiz, Harrison County. Nymphs
present on leaves of clover in adjoining field. (Rose).

THREE-CORNERED ALFALFA HOPPER (Spissistilus festinus) - ARIZONA - Populations
increasing rapidly in most alfalfa in southern half of State. (Ariz. Coop. Sur.).
FLORIDA - Four adults and 2 nymphs taken in 100 sweeps in alfalfa at Gainesville,
Alachua County. (Mead). Numbers up and abundant on wild Vigna sp. at Lake

Worth, Palm Beach County. (Genung).

SPIDER MITES - ALABAMA - Extremely heavy numbers continue to threaten seed
production of Caley peas in Black Belt area. Controls applied to several hundred
acres in Wilcox, Dallas, Greene and Bullock Counties. (Alsobrook, Hardy, Johnson,
Ledbetter, Stone). MISSISSIPPI - Bryobia praetiosa (clover mite) damaging crimson
and white clovers in many southern counties. (Young, Bennett, Apr. 21).

ARMYWORM (Pseudaletia unipuncta) - TEXAS - Moderate to heavy and damaging oats
interplanted with vetch in Brazos County during early April. Some damage occurred
to vetch also. (Randolph, Van Cleave). Counts on small grains in Kaufman

County averaged 5 per 10 sweeps. (Turney). ALABAMA - New infestations reported

at Gulf Coast Experiment Station, Wilcox County, April 16. Heavily diseased larvae
collected, (Watson). MISSOURI - Heavy moth flights occurred in southeast.
(Herrendorf, Keaster, Jones). ILLINOIS - Moths observed in grass in southern

area; collected in light trap at Urbana. (Ill. Ins. Rpt.). MISSISSIPPI - Larvae
noted in number of fields of oats and wheat. (Young, Bennett).

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FALL ARMYWORM (Spodoptera frugiperda) - TEXAS - Scattered, heavy populations
damaging corn in Hidalgo County; averaged 1 larva per 3 cornstalks. (Texas
Coop. Rpt., Page).

ARMYWORMS - MISSISSIPPI - Considerable numbers in flight. Small grains and
grasses should be examined closely. (Young, Bennett, Apr. 21). KANSAS - Surveys
in Ellis, Rooks, Russell, Rush and Barton Counties first of April showed unspeci-
fied species present in 12 of 20 fields examined. Level less than 1 per foot of
row in all but one field. (Gates, Brooks, Harvey).

SOUTHERN CORNSTALK BORER (Diatraea crambidoides) - ALABAMA - Larvae present in
very light numbers in taproots of corn examined in fields in Cullman, Morgan and
other northern counties. Several larvae dead from what appeared to be disease.
(McQueen) .

SOUTHWESTERN CORN BORER (Zeadiatraea grandiosella) - MISSOURI - Live larvae found
in 3 percent of cornstalks checked in Portageville area, Pemiscot County.
(Keaster) .

EUROPEAN CORN BORER (Ostrinia nubilalis) - ALABAMA - Numerous larvae observed in
old cornstalks in Cullman, Morgan and other northern counties; 1-3 larvae noted
in many stalks examined. Active and feeding on inner tissues. (McQueen).
MARYLAND - Pupation underway April 21 in southern section. (U. Md., Ent. Dept.).
DELAWARE - Spring average of 78 live borers per 100 stalks represents 80 percent
winter survival based on fall population of 98 borers per 100 stalks. Pupation

of overwintering borers first noted April 20 in Sussex County. (Burbutis) .

OHIO - Survey of 24 fields in Van Wert County indicated 100 larvae per acre.
Borers found in shredded stalks. (Barry). WISCONSIN - Few fields checked for
larval winter mortality yielded following results: One field in Columbia County -
26 percent alive, 34 percent dead, 40 percent moribund. One field in Sauk

County - 88 percent alive, 12 percent dead, none moribund. One field in Dane
County—73 percent alive, 20 percent dead, 7 percent moribund. Feeding by
woodpeckers less noticeable than in previous years in fields checked. (Wis.

Ins. Sur.). MISSOURI - Abundance survey in New Madrid County April 13 indicates
population of 894 larvae per acre; 3 percent pupated. (Keaster). SOUTH DAKOTA -
Overwintering mortality survey completed in southeast area. Average percent
mortality, by county, as follows: Charles Mix 42.5, Bon Homme 42.5, Yankton 37.5,
Clay 57.5, Union 45.0, Hutchinson 70.0, Turner 57.5 and Lincoln 65.0. Survey also
completed in east central area; percent mortality as follows: McCook 70.0,
Minnehaha 67.5, Moody 65.0 and Brookings 30, Although survey does not give
quantitative data on populations, numbers were low except for localized areas in
Yankton and Clay Counties, It is expected that there will be no great fluctuation
in the borer population during summer of 1965 compared with 1964, Parasitism by
Sympiesis viridula (a eulophid) was 5 percent at one location and 10 percent at
another location in Charles Mix County. Parasitism of 10 percent by this eulophid
was noted at 2 locations in Yankton County, 1 location in Turner County, 1
location in Minnehaha County and at 3 locations in Moody County. Percent parasi-
tism by Horogenes punctorius (an ichneumon) at several locations, by county, was
as follows: Charles Mix —- 5, 5, 20; Bon Homme - 10, 20; Yankton - 10, 50; Clay 10,
60; Union - 10, 20, 60; Hutchinson - 40, 10, 60, 20; Turner - 20; Lincoln - 30,
40, 20; McCook - 20, 10, 20, 70; Minnehaha - 20, 40; Moody - 30, 20. (Jones).

CORN EARWORM (Heliothis zea) - MISSOURI - First moth of season taken in light
trap in southeast district, Pemiscot County, April 22. (Harrendorf, Keaster,
Jones).

CUTWORMS - TEXAS - Scattered, severe populations destroyed corn stands in Brazoria
County. (Teetes). ALABAMA - Light numbers feeding on wheat in St. Elmo community
area, Mobile County; 9 larvae noted in 9 of 45 pitfalls in one 40-acre field.
(Cuevas, Seibels). COLORADO - Fairly heavy larval infestation noted in alfalfa

in Johnstown area, Weld County. (Urano).

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PINK SCAVENGER CATERPILLAR (Sathrobrota rileyi) - FLORIDA - Larvae taken on
leaves and fruit of rye at Lowell, Marion County. (Holder, Apr. 13).

SOUTHERN CORN ROOTWORM (Diabrotica undecimpunctata howardi) - TEXAS - Locally
heavy and damaging corn seedlings in Brazos County. (Randolph, Van Cleave).

CEREAL LEAF BEETLE (Oulema melanopa) - MICHIGAN - First adult activity of season
observed April 9 in Berrien County; slight feeding on grasses noted. No activity
noted during following cool period. On April 19 and 20, adults noted coming out
of overwintering quarters and feeding on orchard grass and reed canary grass at
edges of woodlots. Few mating pairs noted. Spraying operations for current
season's suppression program to begin when weather is sufficiently warm and high
percentage of beetles becomes active. (Ruppel, Ring).

SEED-CORN BEETLE (Agonoderus lecontei) - COLORADO - Considerable activity noted
in corn in Berthoud area of Larimer and Weld Counties. No damage reported in
grain fields, however. Species caused reduction of 30-40 percent in Kersey area
of Weld County in 1964. (Urano).

SUGARCANE BEETLE (Euetheola rugiceps) - ALABAMA - Adults noted in considerable
numbers about lights at night in Mobile County; lesser numbers noted in Lee
County and other central area counties. (Cuevas, Seibels).

BILLBUGS (Sphenophorus spp.) - SOUTH CAROLINA - Continue to cause considerable
damage to corn in all sections of Clarendon County. (Nettles et al., Apr. 20).
GEORGIA - S. callosus light to moderate on corn in southern area, (Johnson) ,
ALABAMA - Medium, localized infestations of Sphenophorus sp. noted on 6 acres of
corn in Covington County. Corn about 4 inches high. Spehnophorus sp. feeding at
and below ground level. One field in Geneva County heavily damaged. (Pike,
Reynolds).

A SAP BEETLE (Glischrochilus quadrisignatus) - WISCONSIN - Adults noted in field
of corn near Cross Plains, Dane County. is. Ins. Sur.).

WHITE GRUBS - ALABAMA - Examination of old cornstalks in unplowed fields in
Cullman County showed 1-5 well advanced larvae feeding on most decaying roots.
An estimated 50,000 to 100,000 larvae present per acre in many fields. Pupation
should occur soon, (McQueen) .

WIREWORMS - COLORADO - Melanotus cribulosus - Present in barley in Weld County; no
damage yet noted, (Urano). WISCONSIN - Unspecified species noted in field of
corn checked near Cross Plains, Dane County. (Wis. Ins. Sur.).

GREENBUG (Schizaphis graminum) - TEXAS - Light and widespread on wheat in Lynn,
Crosby and Garza Counties. (Texas Coop. Rpt., Whitaker), MISSOURI - Ranged 1-20
per 10 sweeps in small grains in southwest and south central districts; few
winged forms present, (Houser, Thomas, Peters). KANSAS - None found in survey
of 20 fields in Ellis, Rooks Russell, Rush and Barton Counties. (Gates, Brooks,
Harvey).

CORN LEAF APHID (Rhopalosiphum maidis) - ARIZONA - Medium to heavy on barley in
Yuma County; required treatment in Roll area. Increasing populations noted on
barley in Graham County; counts as high as 350 per blade. (Ariz. Coop. Sur.).
NEW MEXICO - Heavy infestations noted on barley in southern Dona Ana County.
(N.M, Coop. Rpt.). TEXAS - Light, widespread populations noted on grain sorghum
in Jackson, Calhoun and Victoria Counties. (Texas Coop. Rpt., Bales).

APPLE GRAIN APHID (Rhopalosiphum fitchii) - MARYLAND - Common on wheat near
Preston, Caroline County. (U. Md., Ent. Dept.).

ENGLISH GRAIN APHID (Macrosiphum avenae) - ARIZONA - Continues light to medium in
barley in Graham, Maricopa and Pinal Counties. (Ariz. Coop. Sur.). MISSOURI -
Ranged 1-6 per 10 sweeps in small grains in southwest and south central districts;

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some winged forms present. (Houser, Thomas, Peters). FLORIDA - Approximately 45
adults and nymphs taken in 100 sweeps on nearly ripe oats at Gainesville, Alachua
County. Det. by A. N. Tissot. (Mead). MARYLAND - Common on wheat near Preston,
Caroline County. (U. Md., Ent. Dept.).

CHINCH BUG (Blissus leucopterus) - TEXAS - Moderate on grain sorghum in Navarro
County (Turney); noted in Live Oak County (Deer).

LEAF-FOOTED BUG (Leptoglossus phyllopus) - FLORIDA - Two adults taken in 100 sweeps
on nearly ripe oats at Gainesville, Alachua County. (Mead).

A LYGAEID BUG (Paromius longulus) - FLORIDA - Total of 95 adults taken in 100
sweeps on nearly ripe oats at Gainesville, Alachua County. (Mead).

STINK BUGS - FLORIDA - Total of 20 adults of Oebalus pugnax pugnax (rice stink
bug), 7 adults of Euschistus servus (brown stink bug) and 2 adults of Nezara
viridula (southern green stink bug) taken in 100 sweeps on nearly ripe oats at
Gainesville, Alachua County. (Mead).

SIX-SPOTTED LEAFHOPPER (Macrosteles fascifrons) - WISCONSIN - Counts of males
and females averaged one per 100 sweeps in field of winter wheat near Spring
Green, Sauk County. None found in other fields of wheat east of this area and
across river. (Wis. Ins, Sur.).

LEAFHOPPERS - UTAH - Dikraneura carneola moderately numerous on planted grass
pastures on Levan Ridge, Juab County. (Knowlton). FLORIDA - Total of 87 adults
of M. fascifrons (nymphs also common), 2 adults of Deltocephalus sonorus, 2
adults of Chlorotettix viridius and 10 nymphs of Exitianus exitiosus taken in

100 sweeps on nearly ripe oats at Gainesville, Alachua County. Three adults of
Homalodisca insolita taken on separate patch of oats a few yards away; oats
greener and presumably more succulent than oats not yielding Homalodisca sp.

but which yielded specimens 2 weeks previously when oats were green, Total

of 10 adults and 3 nymphs of Aceratagallia sanguinolenta (clover leafhopper) ,

9 adults and 4 nymphs of Agallia constricta, 82 adults and 6 nymphs of Macrosteles
fascifrons (six-spotted leafhopper), 17 adults of Empoasca spp., 4 adults of
Graminella nigrifrons and 2 adults and 2 nymphs of Draeculacephala portola portola
taken in 100 sweeps in alfalfa at Gainesville. (Mead) .

CORNFIELD ANT (Lasius alienus) - WISCONSIN - Ants, tentatively determined as
this species, abundant in field of corn near Cross Plains, Dane County. (Wis.
Ins, Sur.).

THRIPS - FLORIDA - Frankliniella sp. ranged 1,500-2,000 in 100 sweeps of nearly
ripe oats at Gainesville, Alachua County. (Mead). NEW MEXICO - Populations of
unspecified species building up in Dona Ana County alfalfa. (N.M, Coop. Rpt.).

WHEAT STEM MAGGOT (Meromyza americana) - COLORADO - Limited numbers present in
wheat at Sterling, Logan County. (Read, Koerwitz).

BROWN WHEAT MITE (Petrobia latens) - UTAH - Active but light on dry farm wheat in
Nephi-Levan area of Juab County and in area north of Magna, Salt Lake County.
(Knowlton). KANSAS - Present in 8 of 20 fields examined in Ellis, Rooks, Russell,
Rush and Barton Counties. (Gates, Brooks, Harvey). TEXAS - Light locally in
wheat in Crosby County. (Texas Coop. Rpt., Whitaker). NEW MEXICO - Medium to
heavy infestations noted in alfalfa along river levee in Dona Ana County. (N.M.
Coop. Rpt.).

GRASSHOPPERS - IDAHO - Hatching of Melanoplus sanguinipes (migratory grasshopper)
and Oedaleonotus enigma underway at Owsley Bridge near Hagerman, Gooding County,
April 16. Populations ranged 8-10 per square yard. (PPC). MICHIGAN - Early
stage nymphs, possibly Dissosteira sp., common in field of alfalfa in Monroe

County on April 20, (Dowdy).

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CORN FLEA BEETLE (Chaetocnema pulicaria) - ILLINOIS - Ranged 0-80 per 100 sweeps
in bluegrass in central area. Ill. Ins. Rpt.).

A DESERT TERMITE (Gnathamitermes sp.) - TEXAS - Unspecified termite reported on
pasture grasses in Montague County in CEIR 15(11):171 has been determined as
Gnathamitermes sp. by T. E. Snyder. (Turney).

GRASS SAWFLIES - WISCONSIN - Adults of Dolerus unicolor and D. similis abundant
in Spring Green area of Sauk County and in western Dane County area. (Wis. Ins.
Sur.). PENNSYLVANIA - Undetermined black species numerous at several locations
over State. (Udine).

WESTERN HARVESTER ANT (Pogonomyrmex occidentalis) - UTAH - Active in Levan-Mona
area of Juab County; mounds numerous. (Knowlton) .

BOLLWORM (Heliothis zea) - TEXAS - Damaging flax in Nueces County. (Deer) .

SALT-MARSH CATERPILLAR (Estigmene acrea) - TEXAS - Damage to flax reported in
Refugio County. (Deer).

LYGUS BUGS (Lygus spp.) - ARIZONA - Nymphs becoming numerous in fields of saf-
flower in Graham, Maricopa and Pinal Counties. (Ariz. Coop. Sur.).

COTTON FLEAHOPPER (Psallus seriatus) - ARIZONA - Light to medium in many fields
of safflower in Graham, Maricopa and Pinal Counties, (Ariz. Coop. Sur.).

FRUIT INSECTS

APHIDS - UTAH - Myzus persicae (green peach aphid) active on peaches south of
Brigham City, Box Elder County. Unspecified nymphs present on plum foliage at
Salt Lake City, Salt Lake County. (Knowlton). COLORADO - Rhopalosiphum fitchii
(apple grain aphid) numerous in some apple orchards in Mesa and Delta Counties.
(Bulla). OHIO - R. fitchii present on apple buds in Licking and Mahoning
Counties. (Rose). MASSACHUSETTS - Unspecified species hatching on apples and

M. persicae hatching on peaches. (Wave, Apr. 20). CONNECTICUT - Several species
found on opening apple buds in some orchards. Unhatched eggs found on unsprayed
trees in Storrs, Tolland County. (Savos, Apr. 21). PENNSYLVANIA - Anuraphis
rosea (rosy apple aphid) moderate and hatching on apples in southeastern area,
(Asquith). MARYLAND - Large numbers of A. rosea causing leaf curl in unsprayed
apple orchards in Hancock area, Washington County. (U. Md., Ent. Dept.). SOUTH
CAROLINA - Unspecified species hatching in unsprayed apple orchards; causing some
leaf curl. (Morgan, Nettles, Apr. 20).

PEAR PSYLLA (Psylla pyricola) - CONNECTICUT - Egg laying reported in Storrs,
Tolland County, and New Haven, New Haven County. (Savos, Apr. 21).
MASSACHUSETTS - Laying eggs in South Amherst area, Hampshire County. (Wave,
Apr. 20).

RED-BANDED LEAF ROLLER (Argyrotaenia velutinana) - MARYLAND - First egg masses of
season found on apple bark at Hancock, Washington County, April 19. (U. Md.,
Ent, Dept.). PENNSYLVANIA - Eggs hard to find on apples in southeastern area,
(Asquith).

PEACH TREE BORER (Sanninoidea exitiosa) - SOUTH CAROLINA - Adults flying at
Sandhills Experiment Station, Richland County, on April 16, and at Edisto
Experiment Station, Barnwell County, on April 19. (Buxton).

EASTERN TENT CATERPILLAR (Malacosoma americanum) - CONNECTICUT - Hatching in
Haddam, Middlesex County (Gaines, Apr. 16), and in 3 locations at East Windsor,
Hartford County (Phillips, Johnson, Apr. 20). Additional hatching noted at
Haddam and East Windsor April 16 and Danielson April 18 (McNally, Johnson).
ARKANSAS - Infesting peaches, plums and wild cherries in Lafayette, Columbia

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and Union Counties. Third instars on wild cherries in Fayetteville area; infesta-
tions generally lighter than usual, (Ark. Ins. Sur.).

SPRING CANKERWORM (Paleacrita vernata) - OHIO - First instars observed on crab
apple, apple and cherry trees in Cincinnati, Hamilton County. (Rings).

PLUM CURCULIO (Conotrachelus nenuphar) - NORTH CAROLINA - Very active in peach
orchards in sandhills area. (Mount) .

SAN JOSE SCALE (Aspidiotus perniciosus) - CONNECTICUT - Found in abandoned orchard
in Storrs, Tolland County. (Savos, Apr. 21). UTAH - Extremely severe on some
home garden apple trees in Logan, Cache County; killing some limbs. (Knowlton).

WHITE PEACH SCALE (Pseudaulacaspis pentagona) - FLORIDA - Moderate on peach in
nursery at Springhead, Hillsborough County. (Custead, Apr. 15).

LYGUS BUGS - COLORADO - Moderate to heavy, 30-150 per 100 sweeps, in peach
orchards in Mesa County. (Bulla).

WESTERN FLOWER THRIPS (Frankliniella occidentalis) - CALIFORNIA - Medium on
quince tree flowers in Tone, Amador County. (Cal. Coop. Rpt.).

EUROPEAN RED MITE (Panonychus ulmi) - MARYLAND - Many eggs present in some
orchards in Hancock area, Washington County. (U. Md., Ent. Dept.). NEW JERSEY -
No hatching observed in southern section of State on April 21. (Ins.-Dis.
Newsltr.). MASSACHUSETTS - Hatch expected during next 10 days to 2 weeks;
controls urged. (Crop Pest Contr. Mess, Apr. 26).

A FRUIT-TREE MITE (Bryobia rubrioculus) - UTAH - Heavy in some home apple orchards
at Logan, Cache County. (Knowlton) .

PEACH SILVER MITE (Aculus cornutus) - CALIFORNIA - Medium on nectarine fruit in
Arvin, Kern County. (Cal. Coop. Rpt.).

PECAN CASEBEARERS (Acrobasis spp.) - GEORGIA - A. caryae (pecan nut caseberer)
and A, juglandis (pecan leaf casebearer) light to heavy on pecans in southern
area. (Johnson). TEXAS - Third and fourth instars of A. caryae in pecan shoots
in Wise County. (Turney). A. juglandis heavy locally and damaging pecans in
Victoria County. (Anders). ~

FALL WEBWORM (Hyphantria cunea) - TEXAS - Light locally on pecan trees in Calhoun
County. (Texas Coop. Rpt., Bales).

A CRANBERRY BLOSSOMWORM (Epiglaea apiata) - NEW JERSEY - First appreciable
activity observed April 22; about 2 weeks later than normal. (Ins.-Dis. Newsltr.).

CITRUS THRIPS (Scirtothrips citri) - ARIZONA - Nymphal populations increasing
generally in Yuma and Maricopa Counties in citrus groves. (Ariz. Coop. Sur.).

A SNOW SCALE (Unaspis citri) - FLORIDA - Becoming more widespread and causing
concern to citrus industry in State; Florida Division of Plant Industry initiated
special survey to delineate distribution. (Fla. Coop. Sur.).

A SOFT SCALE (Coccus elongatus) - FLORIDA - Moderately damaging stem of grapefruit
in nursery at St. Petersburg, Pinellas County. (Barber, Bingaman, Apr. 13).

A SCARAB (Hoplia floridana) - FLORIDA - Adults of this rare species light on
leaves of sweet orange at Ferndale, Lake County. (Fatic, Apr. 14).

MEXICAN FRUIT FLY (Anastrepha ludens) - MEXICO - Total of 6,145 inspections of
1,440 traps on 1,135 properties in Baja California and Sonora revealed 1 nongravid
female at Ensenada, Baja California. (PPC Mex. Reg., Mar. Rpt.).

- 419 -

CITRUS BLACKFLY (Aleurocanthus woglumi) - MEXICO - Chemical Control Zone -
Inspection of 87,548 citrus trees on 2,778 properties in States of Nuevo Leon,
Tamaulipas, Sonora and Baja California revealed 3 lightly infested trees on 2
properties at Montemorelos and Linares, Nuevo Leon. Biological Control Zone -
Inspection of 32,528 citrus trees on 126 properties in 4 municipios in Tamaulipas
revealed 262 infested trees on 17 properties. (PPC Mex. Reg., Mar. Rpt.).

TRUCK CROP INSECTS

THRIPS - NEW MEXICO - Increasing on onion fields in Dona Ana County; much heavier
in some fields than in others. (N.M. Coop. Rpt.). TEXAS - Moderate and wide-
spread on bean blooms in Brazoria County. (Teetes). GEORGIA - Moderate to heavy
on young peas and beans in Macon County. (Cates).

GREEN PEACH APHID (Myzus persicae) - COLORADO - Hatching on potatoes in Larimer
County; stem mothers easily found, (Simpson, Daniels). FLORIDA - Ranged 45-50
per 6-plant sample of cabbages in Belle Glade, Palm Beach County; det. by W. G.
Genung. (Fla. Coop. Sur.).

APHIDS - FLORIDA - Populations down 50 percent on southern peas over that of 2
weeks ago at Belle Glade, Palm Beach County. (Genung). TEXAS - Unspecified
species moderate and widespread on potatoes and beans in Fort Bend and Brazoria
Counties. (Teetes).

CABBAGE LOOPER (Trichoplusia ni) GEORGIA - Light to moderate on cabbage in
southern area. (Johnson). ARIZONA - Young larvae light in cantaloup fields in
Yuma County; few medium infestations on lettuce in Maricopa County. (Ariz.
Coop. Sur.).

VEGETABLE WEEVIL (Listroderes costirostris obliquus) - CALIFORNIA - Adults heavy
on squash fruit locally in San Diego and potatoes in Escondido, San Diego County.
(Cal. Coop. Rpt.).

COLORADO POTATO BEETLE (Leptinotarsa decemlineata) - TEXAS - Adults feeding on
potatoes in local areas of Madison County. (Teetes). ALABAMA - Locally medium
in field of tomatoes in Geneva County; egg laying underway and quite common on
potatoes in central and southern areas. No adults observed in northern counties.
(Smith, Rutledge et al.).

POTATO PSYLLID (Paratrioza cockerelli) - ARIZONA - Decreasing rapidly in potato
fields in Maricopa County due to warmer weather, (Ariz. Coop. Sur.).

VARIEGATED CUTWORM (Peridroma saucia) - TEXAS - Locally light and damaging tomato
plants in Kaufman County. (Turney).

DIAMONDBACK MOTH (Plutella maculipennis) - FLORIDA - Larvae moving from older to
younger cabbage plants at Belle Glade, Palm Beach County;14 larvae per 6-plant
sample. Plants 3-6 inches tall; larvae numerous on buds and outer leaves and
causing obvious damage. Det. W. G. Genung. (Fla. Coop. Sur.).

IMPORTED CABBAGEWORM (Pieris rapae) - GEORGIA - Light to moderate on cabbage in
southern area. (Johnson).

BEAN LEAF BEETLE (Cerotoma trifurcata) - GEORGIA - Light to moderate on beans in
southern area, (Johnson). FLORIDA — Populations down on wild Vigna sp. at Lake
Worth, Palm Beach County. (Genung).

MEXICAN BEAN BEETLE (Epilachna varivestis) - GEORGIA - Light to moderate on beans
in southern area, (Johnson). Medium to heavy on young snap beans in Pierce
County. (Cates).

- 420 -

WHITE-FRINGED BEETLES (Graphognathus spp.) - ALABAMA - Larvae destroyed stand of
peas in home garden near Lockhart, Covington County. (Stephenson).

BEET LEAFHOPPER (Circulifer tenellus) - WYOMING - Overwintering adults widespread
in sugar beet growing areas of Washakie County. Host plants plentiful; C. tenellus
averaged 0.25 per square foot. (Marks). CALIFORNIA - Treatment in breeding areas
in western Kern County continued by ground rig; nearly 500 rangeland acres sprayed.
Further work anticipated in same general area; rainfall keeps vegetation green

and threatening leafhopper populations remain evident. High, continuous rainfall
may lead to major increases in acreage of Russian-thistle this year. (Cal. Coop.
Rpt.).

SUGAR-BEET ROOT APHID (Pemphigus betae) - WYOMING - Nymphs heavy in field in Hot
Springs County; field in sugar beet production in 1964, (Marks).

MELON APHID (Aphis gossypii) - ARIZONA - Spotted infestations on cantaloups in
Yuma County; controls necessary. (Ariz. Coop. Sur.).

SPITTLEBUGS - ALABAMA - Unusual, heavy and local infestation of larvae on straw-
berry planting in Marengo County; 95 percent of plants affected; 2-3 per plant.
(Yates).

AN APHID (Pentatrichopus thomasi) - MARYLAND - Common on strawberries at Glendale,
Prince Georges County. (U. Md., Ent. Dept.).

A SPIDER MITE (Tetranychus sp.) - MARYLAND - Heavy on old leaves in strawberry
planting near: Salisbury, Wicomico County. (U. Md., Ent. Dept.).

STRAWBERRY WEEVIL (Anthonomus signatus) - ALABAMA - Adults medium locally on
strawberries and Boysenberies in Fayette and Butler Counties. (Morgan, Pitts).

TOBACCO INSECTS

TOBACCO FLEA BEETLE (Epitrix hirtipennis) - MARYLAND - Adults began emerging from
hibernation near tobacco bed at Upper Marlboro, Prince Georges County, April 21.
(U. Md., Ent. Dept.). GEORGIA - Light to moderate on tobacco in southern area,
(Johnson).

WIREWORMS - GEORGIA - Ranged light to heavy over tobacco-growing area, (French,
Girardeau).

BUDWORMS (Heliothis spp.) - GEORGIA - Light to heavy on tobacco in southern area.
(Johnson) .

CUTWORMS - GEORGIA - Light on tobacco in Tattnall and Evans Counties. (Preston).
GARDEN SPRINGTAIL (Bourletiella hortensis) - MARYLAND - Adults becoming active in
and near several tobacco beds in Anne Arundel and Prince Georges Counties. (U.
Md., Ent. Dept.).

SOUTHERN MOLE CRICKET (Scapteriscus acletus) - GEORGIA - Light to moderate over
tobacco-growing area, (French, Girardeau).

CRANE FLIES - MARYLAND - Larvae heavy in several tobacco beds in Charles and
Prince Georges Counties. (U. Md., Ent. Dept.).

- 421 -

COTTON INSECTS

Report on Survival of Boll Weevil as Determined by Surface Trash

Examinations in Tennessee in the Spring — 1965

A survey was made in McNairy County to determine the population of boll weevil
(Anthonomus grandis) adults which overwintered in the western portion of the
State. This county was chosen because it usually represents the "hot spot" of
weevil infestations for Hardin, McNairy, Hardeman, Fayette and Shelby Counties.
The fall surface ground (woods) trash examinations indicated that the average
number of weevils per acre of trash was 807. The spring examination of cotton
field environ trash collected during the first two weeks of April indicated that
there were 363 weevils per acre of trash, which is a winter survival of 44
percent. This is considered to be a relatively low number of weevils per acre
of trash for this section, but it is higher than at this time in 1964 when the
count was 242 weevils per acre of trash and survival was 10 percent. Even
though the 1965 count is low, populations can build up rapidly with favorable
weather conditions. For the past two seasons, infestations occurred for the
most part in spots within fields rather than in general infestations. This will
probably be the case again during the 1965 season. (J. H. Locke).

VEGETABLE WEEVIL (Listroderes costirostris obliquus) - ALABAMA - Unusual and
heavy infestation occurring in large areas of field of cotton in Tuscaloosa
County; 1-12 recently emerged adults per hill observed under clods. Weevils
feeding on leaves and stems just prior to emergence of plants, but weevils
remaining under clods. No controls applied, but damage being watched; controls
may become necessary. This 40-acre field planted with more than normal amount
of seed; therefore, any reduction in plant numbers may not interfere with normal
stand of cotton. It is evident that recent emergence of adults was from larvae
that fed on various winter weeds. (Lavender, Holstun, et al.).

COWPEA CURCULIO (Chalcodermus aeneus) - TEXAS - Damaging cotton seedlings in
Bee County. (Texas Coop. Rpt., Edgar).

BOLLWORM (Heliothis zea) —- ARKANSAS - Egg counts in crimson clover in Bradley
County highest at any time in past 6 years counts have been made. Up to 300,000
eggs per acre counted this period. Second-stage larvae present. Predation
remains low but increasing slightly. Moths very numerous; however, situation
not reflected in numbers collected in light traps. Crk, Ins Sua.)

PINK BOLLWORM (Pectinophora gossypiella) - ARIZONA - Live larva taken in cotton
seed from ground debris in plowed field near Wintersburg, Maricopa County. (Ariz.
Coop. Sur.).

CABBAGE LOOPER (Trichoplusia ni) - TEXAS - Local populations ragging leaves of
cotton in Rio Grande Valley. (Deer).

CUTWORMS - TEXAS - Light to moderate in cotton locally in Rio Grande Valley
(Deer) and in Fort Bend and Brazoria Counties (Teetes).

COTTON APHID (Aphis gossypii) - ALABAMA - Heavy on cotton on farm in Dallas
County; 5-25 per seedling plant recently deposited by stem mothers. Lesser
numbers noted on border areas of field of cotton in Tuscaloosa County. (McQueen).
TEXAS - Significant decreases noted on cotton in Rio Grande Valley. One moderate
infestation reported; others light. (Deer). Populations light on cotton in Falls
County (Carroll) and moderate in Walker, Madison, Houston, Fort Bend and

Brazoria Counties (Teetes). ARIZONA - Light on cotton in Roll area of Yuma
County. (Ariz. Coop. Sur.).

COTTON FLEAHOPPER (Psallus seriatus) - TEXAS - Appearing in Rio Grande Valley
cotton. Taken regularly from tanglefoot traps and in some experimental station
research plots. Numbers increased from 150 per acre to 1,800 per acre during
period April 17-23. Field counts ranged 0-5 per 100 terminals. (Deer).

= 422 =

THRIPS - GEORGIA - Light to moderate on cotton in southern area. (Johnson).
ALABAMA - Very light on young cotton on 3 farms in Dallas County. Present on
Johnson grass and cotton on farm in Tuscaloosa County. . (Holstun et al.).

SPIDER MITES - TEXAS - Light, scattered infestations present on cotton in Rio
Grande Valley. (Deer). Light to moderate populations noted in Falls County
(Carroll) and in Brazoria and Fort Bend Counties (Teetes). CALIFORNIA - Medium
populations of Eotetranychus malvastris developed on cotton plants after becoming
established on Sphaeralcea orcuttii (globemallow) in Seeley, Imperial County.
(Cal. Coop. Rpt.).

FOREST, ORNAMENTAL AND SHADE TREE INSECTS

PINE NEEDLE SCALE (Phenacaspis pinifoliae) - ILLINOIS - Heavy on pine in Henderson
County. (Ill. Ins. Rpt.). PENNSYLVANIA - Abundant and causing severe damage to
red pine in Greene County (Udine) and quite heavy on red pine in Erie County
(Gunther).

DOUGLAS-FIR TWIG WEEVIL (Cylindrocopturus furnissi) - CALIFORNIA - Larvae heavy
in twigs of Douglas-fir nursery stock in Santa Cruz, Santa Cruz County. (Cal.
Coop. Rpt.).

A SPRUCE NEEDLE MINER - OHIO - Spotty in nursery in Lake County; 10-15 percent
of 600-700 trees infested. (Walker).

EASTERN TENT CATERPILLAR (Malacosoma americanum) — ALABAMA - Becoming quite
damaging and defoliating some cherry, crap apple and apple in Morgan, Tuscaloosa,
Cullman and other counties. (Rutledge, Holstun, Hollingsworth, et al.).

MISSOURI - Larvae heavy in Joplin area of Jasper and Newton Counties. (Houser).
OHIO - Heavy on wild cherry in southwestern section of State. (Rings). NEW
JERSEY - Hatching in Somerville area, Somerset County, and Roadstown area,
Cumberland County, on April 15. (Ins.-Dis. Newsltr.).

SPRING CANKERWORM (Paleacrita vernata) - MISSOURI - Larvae observed on wild
cherry in Jasper County. (Houser). WISCONSIN - Adults active under bark of elm
near Mazomanie; blacklight trap collections, April 19-22, totaled 6 males at
Madison and 1 at Middleton, Dane County. (Wis. Ins. Sur.). NORTH DAKOTA -
Trapped adults counted on banded elms in Lisbon, Ransom County. Females averaged
121 per tree. Adults emerged in Fargo, Cass County. (Frye).

TWIG GIRDLER (Oncideres cingulata) - FLORIDA - Larvae severely damaging stems of
hickory at Monticello, Jefferson County. (Miller, Apr. 12).

GALL WASPS (Neuroterus spp.) -— CALIFORNIA - Larvae and adults heavy in oak trees
in Orosi, Tulare County, and N. varians heavy on oaks in Walnut Creek, Contra
Costa County. (Cal. Coop. Rpt.).

AN ERIOPHYID MITE (Aceria brachytarsus) - CALIFORNIA - Light to medium on native
black walnut trees in Santa Ana Canyon, Orange County. (Cal. Coop. Rpt.).

COTTONWOOD LEAF BEETLES (Chrysomela scripta complex) - ALABAMA - Larvae heavy on
leaves of ornamental cottonwood in Geneva County. (Reynolds).

A FALSE POWDER-POST BEETLE (Scobicia suturalis) - CALIFORNIA - Adults medium in
acacia trees in Santa Barbara, Santa Barbara County. This is a new county record.
(Call; Coop Rpt.)

APHIDS - MARYLAND - Macrosiphum euphorbiae (potato aphid) light in iris planting

at University Park, Prince Georges County. (U. Md., Ent. Dept.). ALABAMA - Aphids
heavy on ornamentals in Fayette, Chambers, Tuscaloosa, Morgan and other counties.
(Pitts, Barwood, Holstun, Rutledge). NEW MEXICO - Macrosiphum spp. moderate to
heavy on some species of roses in Dona Ana and Sierra Counties. Cinara tujafilina

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heavy on arborvitae in Dona Ana County. (N.M. Coop. Rpt.). NEVADA - C. tujafilina
heavy on arborvitae in nurseries and gardens in Reno-Sparks area, Washoe County;
honeydew noticeable. (Hilbig). CALIFORNIA - Essigella californica medium on

pine nursery stock in Pauma Valley, San Diego County. Aphis fabae (bean aphid)
medium on nettles in Santa Ana, Orange County. Macrosiphum rosae (rose aphid) and
Aphis gossypii (melon aphid) medium to heavy on roses in Sacramento, Sacramento
County. Dactynotus taraxaci heavy on dandelion in Tulare County. (Cal. Coop.
Rpt.). IDAHO - Unspecified species infesting undersides of twigs of maple trees

at Parma, Canyon County. (Scott).

OYSTERSHELL SCALE (Lepidosaphes ulmi) — PENNSYLVANIA - Heavy and killing some
pachysandra in Forest County. (Adams). COLORADO - Eggs found on lilac in Larimer
County. No hatching observed. (Jenkins). UTAH - Heavy on some lilacs, willows
and poplars about homes at Logan, Cache County. (Knowlton).

TEA SCALE (Fiorinia theae) —- NORTH CAROLINA - Infesting camellia leaves in

Davidson County. (Mount). GEORGIA - Heavy on camellias in Ware County. (Coleman).
ALABAMA - Very noticeable on isolated camellia plantings in Tuscaloosa County.
(Holstun) .

Coccids in Florida - Icerya purchasi (cottony-cushion scale) adults moderately
damaging stem of Texas sage (Salvia spp.) in nursery at Punta Gorda, Charlotte
County. (Nelson, Apr. 14). Saissetia nigra taken on stem and bark of Florida
trema at Miami, Dade County. (Stegmaier, Habeck). Phenacaspis cockerelli
severely damaging Korean boxwood in nursery at Tampa, Hillsborough County. (Hale,
Apr. 12). Pseudococcus adonidum (long-tailed mealybug) adults moderately damaging
leaves of begonia in nursery at Fern Park, Seminole County. (McLeod, Apr. 13).
These are new Division of Plant Industry host records. (Fla. Coop. Sur.).
Ischnaspis longirostris (black thread scale) adults severely damaging palm
(Chamaedorea Spp.) at Pompano Beach, Broward County. (Clinton). Diaspis
echinocacti (cactus scale) adults and nymphs severely damaging leaves of cactus
(Opuntia sp.) at Raiford, Union County. (Collins, Apr. 12). Toumeyella
liriodendri (tuliptree scale) severely infesting magnolia at Lake Iola, Pasco
County. (Bentley). All stages of Phenacaspis cockerelli severely damaging
leaves of bullbay in nursery at Tampa, Hillsborough County. (Hale, Apr. 12).
Toumeyella sp. severely damaging stem of slash pine in nursery at Glen St. Mary,
Baker County (Collins, Apr. 6); Asterolecanium pustulans severely damaging stem
of fig in nursery at St. Petersburg, Pinellas County. (Bingaman, Apr. 15).
Aspidiotus yuccae moderately damaging leaves of yucca in nursery at Seminole,
Pinellas County. (Bingaman, Apr. 14). Toumeyella sp. moderately to severely
damaged slash pine at Rockledge, Brevard County (Levan, Holley, Apr. 15).

All stages of Pseudaulacaspis pentagona (white peach scale) moderately

damaging stem of cultivated walnut on farm at Lloyd, Jefferson County (Miller,
Phillips, Apr. 14); severely damaging bark of catalpa at Brooksville, Hernando
County (Williams, Apr. 14). Pseudococcus citri (citrus mealybug) causing
moderate to severe damage to stem and leaves of Viburnum sp., eggs present;

and all stages of Pseudococcus adonidum moderately to severely damaging
Trachelospermum sp. at Eau Gallie, Brevard County. (Levan, Apr. 14). Conchaspis
angraeci moderately damaging stem of hibiscus in nursery at Eustis, Lake County.

(Bentley).

COCCIDS - NORTH CAROLINA - Lepidosaphes camelliae (camellia scale) infesting
camellia in Davidson County and Toumeyella sp. infesting needles of longleaf

pine in Wake County. (Whitfield, Mount). SOUTH CAROLINA - Icerya purchasi
(cottony-cushion scale) infesting boxwood at Kershaw. (King, Apr. 20). ALABAMA -
Aspidiotus perniciosus (San Jose scale) extremely damaging to dogwood in
Tuscaloosa County. (Holstun). -CALIFORNIA -— Gossyparia spuria (European elm
scale) heavy on elm trees in Chico, Butte County. Pseudococcus adonidum (long-
tailed mealybug) adults heavy on Cistus sp., Phormium tenax and palm, and

P. obscurus (a mealybug) heavy on Laurus sp. nursery stock at San Francisco,

San Francisco County. (Cal. Coop. Rpt.).

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TARNISHED PLANT BUG (Lygus lineolaris) - NEBRASKA - Adults active on early
blooming perennial plants in Lincoln and Lancaster Counties. (Bergman).
WISCONSIN - Adults feeding on opening lilac buds in Middleton, Dane County.
(Wis. Ins. Sur.).

GARDEN FLEAHOPPER (Halticus bracteatus) - FLORIDA - Adults severely damaging
leaves and stem of seedling Schefflera actinophylla in nursery at Kendall, Dade
County. (Herrmann, Apr. 14).

BANDED GREENHOUSE THRIPS (Hercinothrips femoralis) - FLORIDA - Adults and nymphs
severely damaging leaves of crinum-lily in nursery at Tampa, Hillsborough County.
(Hale, Apr. 14). ‘

BOXWOOD LEAF MINER (Monarthropalpus buxi) - MARYLAND - Larvae heavy on American
boxwood at localities in Montgomery and Frederick Counties. (U. Md., Ent. Dept.).
NORTH CAROLINA -— Adults emerging from boxwood. (Stewart).

NATIVE HOLLY LEAF MINER (Phytomyza ilicicola) — FLORIDA - Larvae and adults
moderate in leaves of yaupon in nursery at Glen St. Mary, Baker County. (Collins,
INoye 105))),

ROSE ROOT-GALL WASP (Diplolepis radicum) — PENNSYLVANIA - Heavy on Rosa rugosa
in Indiana County. Udine).

SPIDER MITES (Tetranychus spp.) — ALABAMA - Heavy and damaging various ornamentals
in Pike, Dallas, Lee and Tuscaloosa Counties. (Taylor, Speir, Holstun et al.).
NEW MEXICO - Heavy on small evergreens in Las Cruces, Dona Ana County. (N.M.
Coop. Rpt.). IDAHO - T. telarius (two-spotted spider mite) infested roses at
Grouse, Custer County. (Portman).

INSECTS AFFECTING MAN AND ANIMALS

MOSQUITOES - UTAH - Larvae active in Weber County since March 3; Aedes dorsalis
and A. increpitus most numerous; some Culex erythrothorax and other species.

Two Controls by aircraft made in some areas. (Fronk, Knowlton). MISSOURI -
Fourth instars of Aedes vexans and Culiseta inornata numerous in southern
Carroll County. (hl. W. Smith). MARYLAND - Males of Culiseta melanura collected
April 21 in cypress swamp near Pocomoke City, Worchester County. (U. Md., Ent.
Dept.). FLORIDA -— Aedes triseriatus and Anopheles quadrimaculatus (common
malaria mosquito) females taken at Chiefland, Levy County. (Esser, Apr. 18).
One female of Aedes infirmatus, 5 females of Psorophora ferox and 54 females of
Mansonia perturbans taken on man at Gainesville, Alachua County, between 6 and

Tape nie (ElapmCOoOpey SULA ADI -meLalm li 4))-

FACE FLY (Musca autumnalis) - OHIO - Observed on beef and dairy cattle in
Harrison and. Carroll Counties; one cow with approximately 20 adults on face.

Face counts on 7 other cattle ranged somewhat lower, about 2-8 per face. (Rose).
ILLINOIS - First specimens of year observed on cattle in Pike County April 20.
Varied 0-6 (average 2.8) per animal; none found in De Witt or Peoria Counties.
(Ill. Ins. Rpt.). MISSOURI - Counts on cattle averaged 3 per face (ranged 1-6)
in herd in Randolph County; 5 per face (ranged 0-15) in herd in Adair County
(Thomas); and 18 per face (ranged 12-35) in herd in Scotland County. (Houser).

HOUSE FLY (Musca domestica) - UTAH - Appearing in Ogden area, Weber County.
(Knowlton).

HORN FLY (Haematobia irritans) - ALABAMA - Temperatures above normal with egg
laying and hatching apparently occurring throughout State. Adult infestations
reported much higher than normal, especially in Bullock, Tuscaloosa, Morgan and
other counties. (Stone, Holstun, Rutledge, et al.). GEORGIA - Averaged 73 per
animal in 3 herds of Herefordcattle in Spalding County. (Roberts). SOUTH
CAROLINA - Noticed for past 2 weeks in Anderson County. (Nettles et al., Apr. 20).

= 425 -

BLACK BLOW FLY (Phormia regina) - FLORIDA - Larvae taken on cat at Clearwater,
Pinellas County. (Barber, Apr. 13).

CATTLE GRUBS (Hypoderma spp.) - ALABAMA - Adults of H. lineatum (common cattle
grub) laying eggs on cattle in Chambers County; some stampeding occurring. Egg
laying will continue through mid-June. (Ledbetter, Stephenson). OHIO -

H. lineatum ranged 0.5-1 grub per animal in herd of 40 Holstein dairy cows near
Jewett, Harrison County. Some cows had 2-3 grubs, others none. (Rose).
MICHIGAN - Late instars of H. bovis (northern cattle grub) common in backs of
beef and dairy cattle in Ingham County. (Dowdy).

CATTLE LICE - UTAH - Numerous on many small beef herds in Weber Connty. (Knowlton,
Boyer). Infesting some cattle in Mona-Levan area, Juab County; rubbing common

in some herds. (Knowlton). MICHIGAN - Linognathus vituli (long-nosed cattle
louse) moderate on herd of young beef cattle in Ingham County. (Dowdy).

SHEEP KED (Melophagus ovinus) - OHIO - Larvae heavy on adults and lambs in flock
of 60 sheep in Guernsey County. (Galford).

AMERICAN DOG TICK (Dermacentor variabilis) - MISSOURI - First activity in north
central district observed in Adair County. (Houser, Apr. 9). MARYLAND - First
adults of season collected April 21 on vegetation near wooded area near Upper
Marlboro, Prince Georges County. (U. Md., Ent. Dept.). NEW JERSEY - Becoming
active. (Ins.-Dis. Newsltr.).

ROCKY MOUNTAIN WOOD TICK (Dermacentor andersoni) - WYOMING - Activity noted in
Washakie County. (Marks). IDAHO — Six collections made between August 1964 and
April 9, 1965, from horses and humans received from South Mountain area,

Silver Creek, Lemhi County, (Mink, Morgan).

TICKS - MISSISSIPPI - Many complaints concerning unspecified species in yards;
controls recommended. (Young, Bennett, Apr. 21). ALABAMA - Numerous complaints
by homeowners in Tuscaloosa County; heavy hatching in and around homes and on
pets. (Holstun).

VESPID WASPS - UTAH - Very annoying about some homes in North Ogden-Pleasant

View area, Weber County. Numerous and annoying on busy street in Salt Lake

City and about home and schoolroom southeast of city, Salt Lake County. Vespa spp.
unusually numerous about town and homes at Nephi, Juab County. (Knowlton).
CONNECTICUT - Various species active in homes. (Savos, Apr. 24).

FLEAS - GEORGIA - Heavy in yards in Tifton. (Morgan).

HOUSEHOLD AND STRUCTURAL INSECTS

CLOVER MITE (Bryobia praetiosa) - NEVADA - Heavy in home in Sparks, Washoe County.
(Bechtel). UTAH — Entering homes throughout Weber County. (Knowlton, Boyer).
MISSISSIPPI - Invaded few homes from infested yards in southern counties. (Young).
OHIO - Nuisance in home at Circleville, Pickaway County. (Hamrick). NORTH
CAROLINA -— Numerous around windows of home in Watauga County. (Wright). NEW
JERSEY - Causing considerable inquiries. (Ins.-Dis. Newsltr.). CONNECTICUT -
Active in homes in many parts of State. (Savos, Apr. 24).

FACE FLY (Musca autumnalis) - NEBRASKA - Large numbers overwintering in homes
in Cedar and Nuckolls Counties; (Rhine).

GREATER WAX MOTH (Galleria mellonella) -— PENNSYLVANIA - Larvae destructive to
wallpaper in home in Franklin County; several hundred collected in bee colony
on side of house. (Gesell).

- 426 -

CARPENTER ANTS (Camponotus spp.) - CONNECTICUT - Workers and winged adults active
statewide. (Savos, Apr. 24). COLORADO - Infested home in Adams County.
(Hantsbarger).

ODOROUS HOUSE ANT (Tapinoma sessile) - CALIFORNIA - Adults medium in home in
San Bernardino, San Bernardino County; light in La Grange, Stanislaus County.
(Cal. Coop. Rpt.). NEVADA - Light in home in Reno, Washoe County. (Martinelli).

AN ANT (Prenolepis imparis imparis) - SOUTH CAROLINA - Collected in home at
Columbia, Richland County; det. by D. R. Smith. (Eleazer, Mar. 25).

VEGETABLE WEEVIL (Listroderes costirostris obliquus) — CALIFORNIA — Medium to
heavy in yards and homes in Vista and Encinitas, San Diego County. (Cal. Coop.
Rpt.).

BLACK CARPET BEETLE (Attagenus piceus) - MARYLAND - Adults and larvae in several
homes in Prince Georges County and at Baltimore. (U. Md., Ent. Dept., Apr. 17, 14).

LOCUST BORER (Megacyllene robiniae) - OHIO - Emerged in home in Medina, Medina
County; probably originated from firewood. (Delaplane, Thoburn).

POWDER-POST BEETLES - UTAH - Damaging floors in 3 homes in Ogden, Weber County.
(Knowlton, Stenquist).

SUBTERRANEAN TERMITES (Reticulitermes spp.) -— MARYLAND - Winged forms swarmed

in house near Hancock, Washington County. Workers present in soil near foundation
of home at Silver Spring, Montgomery County. (U. Md., Ent. Dept.). NORTH
CAROLINA - Light numbers of R. flavipes (eastern subterranean termite) swarmed

in commercial building in Watauga County April 21. (Wright). IDAHO - R. hesperus
(western subterranean termite) infested home at Nampa. (Bechtolt, Apr. 9).

TERMITES — CONNECTICUT - Swarming statewide. (Savos, Apr. 24). NEW JERSEY -
Causing considerable inquiries. (Ins.-Dis. Newsltr.).

STORED-PRODUCT INSECTS

POTATO TUBERWORM (Gnorimoschema operculellum) - MICHIGAN - Fumigation of
infested potato storage in Monroe County completed; no adult activity noted
later. (Laser, Kidd).

VARIED CARPET BEETLE (Anthrenus verbasci) —- PENNSYLVANIA - Noted on raw silk
in silk mill at Allentown, Lehigh County. Det. by V. Nelson. (Gesell).

CADELLE (Tenebroides mauritanicus) - OHIO -— Larvae and adults noted in grain
elevator in Ashland, Ashland County. (Rose).

KHAPRA BEETLE (Trogoderma granarium) - Surveys completed in Monterey, San Luis
Obispo, Ventura, Kern, Los Angeles, San Bernardino, Imperial, Orange, Del Norte,
and Humboldt Counties, CALIFORNIA. Inspections of 16 distributors in ARIZONA
negative. Surveys of farm, ranch, and commercial properties in NEW MEXICO
negative; "trogo-board" traps placed in 11 establishments in 3 counties. (PPC
West. Reg., Mar. Rpt.).

BENEFICIAL INSECTS

LADY BEETLES - NEW MEXICO - Active in alfafa in Las Cruces area, Dona Ana
County. (N.M. Coop. Rpt.). ARKANSAS - Various species continue very low in
crimson clover in southern area where prey is abundant. (Ark. Ins. Sur.).
ILLINOIS - Hippodamia convergens (convergent lady beetle), H. parenthesis and

H. tredecimpunctata (thirteen-Spotted lady beetle) adults varied 0-30 (average
‘about 4) per 100 Sweeps in west, central and east districts. (Ill. Ins. Rpt.).

2

OHIO - Hippodamia convergens adults present in southern area since April 8.
(Holdsworth). PENNSYLVANIA - Adalia bipunctata (two-spotted lady beetle) noted
on windows of home and on elms in Clarion County. (Adams). FLORIDA - Six adults
of H. convergens taken in 100 sweeps on alfalfa at Gainesville, Alachua County.
(Mead). Scymnus sp. larvae taken on leaves of rye at Lowell, Marion County.
(Edsel, Rowan). Six adults and 2 larvae of H. convergens and 3 adults of
Cycloneda sp. taken in 100 sweeps in nearly ripe oats at Gainesville. (Mead).

A FLOWER BUG (Orius insidiosus) - ARKANSAS - Numbers increasing slightly in
crimson clover in southern area. (Ark. Ins. Sur.). FLORIDA - Total of 12 adults
taken in 100 sweeps on alfalfa at Gainesville, Alachua County; 50 adults taken

in 100 sweeps on nearly ripe oats at Gainesville. (Mead).

BIG-EYED BUGS (Geocoris spp.)- FLORIDA — Four adults and 8 nymphs taken in 100
sweeps on alfalfa at Gainesville, Alachua County. (Mead).

LACEWINGS - NEW MEXICO - Prevalent in alfalfa checked in Dona Ana County.
(N.M. Coop. Rpt.).

A SCENOPINID FLY (Scenopinus fenestralis) - OHIO — Predaceous larvae of this
species found in assocation with mealworm larvae and adults and larvae of
Tenebroides mauritanicus (cadelle) under sack in grain elevator in Ashland,
Ashland County. Det. by R. P. Holdsworth, (Rose).

HONEY BEE (Apis mellifera) — NEW MEXICO - Overwintered well in most areas of
State. (N.M. Coop. Rpt.).

MISCELLANEOUS INSECTS

IMPORTED FIRE ANT (Solenopsis saevissima richteri) - ARKANSAS - Delimiting
surveys in infested and periphery areas in Ashley and Union Counties revealed
few, scattered active mounds. (Ark. Ins. Sur.).

A CECIDOMYIID MIDGE (Anarete johnsoni) - TEXAS - Large number of adults observed
in Medina County oat fields; no damage noted. Det. by G. C. Steyskal.
(Duesterheft).

SPITTLEBUGS - NEW JERSEY - Spittle and nymphs appearing on dandelions in
Burlington County April 19; not seen in other areas. (Ins.-Dis. Newsltr.).

A FALSE POWDER-POST BEETLE - NORTH DAKOTA - Adult taken from driftwood ornament
at Fargo, Cass County. (Dogger).

A SCARAB (Hoplia trivialis) - MARYLAND - Adults observed flying near ground at

locations in Prince Georges and Worchester Counties. (U. Md., Ent. Dept., Apr. 21,
12). NORTH CAROLINA - Adults found in Montgomery County. (Garriss).

CORRECTIONS

CEIR 15(16):364 - ORANGE TORTRIX (Argyrotaenia citriana) should read Argyrotaenia
citrana.

CEIR 15(17):379 - RED-BANDED LEAF ROLLER (Argyrotaenia velutiana) should read
Argyrotaenia velutinana

CEIR 15(17):403 - A CHALICID should read A CHALCID.

= 428 -
ADDITIONAL NOTES

INDIANA - ALFALFA WEEVIL (Hypera postica) reported for first time in Scott,
Clark, Washington, Floyd (Matthew, Wilson), Jackson, Orange, Daviess, Pike and
Posey Counties (Huber). Larvae ranged from 2 per sweep in southern Posey County
to 1-2 per 10 sweeps in Pike, Daviess, Orange, Dubois, Washington and Jackson
Counties. (Huber). Relatively heavy larval infestations found in Harrison
County; ranged 2-5 per sweep. (Matthew, Wilson). Adults ranged 2-7 per 100
sweeps in Harrison, Floyd and Clark Counties. (Matthew, Wilson). CLOVER LEAF
WEEVIL (H. punctata) larvae ranged 8-15 per square foot in areas of Posey and
Gibson Counties. Generally light throughout remainder of southern quarter of
State. (Huber). PEA APHID (Acyrthosiphon pisum) ranged 9-35 per sweep on
alfalfa in southern quarter of State; higher numbers found in southernmost
counties. (Huber, Matthew, Wilson). YELLOW CLOVER APHID (Therioaphis trifolii)
averaged 50 per 100 sweeps in red clover near Corydon, Harrison County.

SPOTTED ALFALFA APHID Ce maculata) ranged 25-200 per 100 sweeps on alfalfa in
Harrison County. This is first record of T. maculata overwintering in State.
(Matthew, Wilson). Spittle masses of MEADOW SPITTLEBUG (Philaenus spumarius)
present on alfalfa throughout southern third of State; up to 45 per 100 stems
noted. (Huber, Matthew, Wilson). TARNISHED PLANT BUG (Lygus lineolaris) adults
and nymphs ranged 2-5 per sweep in southern quarter of State. Few scattered,
light infestations of ALFALFA CATERPILLAR (Colias eurytheme) noted on alfalfa in
Posey County. (Huber). PEACH TREE BORER (Sanninoidea exitiosa) damaged apricot
and peach trees in Lafayette, Tippecanoe County, and in Bridgeport, Harrison
County, to the extent that many trees in nurseries and private plantings had to
be destroyed. (Schuder). Small to medium webs of EASTERN TENT CATERPILLAR
(Malacosoma americanum) evident throughout southern third of State. Heavy in-
festation of 8-15 webs per tree noticeable on wild cherry in many locations in
area. (Huber, Saugstad, Schuder). LOCUST LEAF MINER (Xenochalepus dorsalis)
common on black locust in Floyd County. (Saugstad).

OKLAHOMA - GREENBUG (Schizaphis graminum) moderate in wheat in some areas of
Kingfisher, Canadian, Blaine and Payne Counties. Light, 1-5 per linear foot, in
Wagoner, Muskogee, Sequoyah, Le Flore, Tulsa, Harmon, Carter and Choctaw Counties.
Wheat checked in east central area ranged 12-28 inches high; most danger appears
past. ENGLISH GRAIN APHID (Macrosiphum avenae) light (1-22 per linear foot) in
most wheat checked in east central area; light in most other areas also. BROWN
WHEAT MITE (Petrobia latens) heavy in wheat in some areas of Cimarron County
where little rainfall; infestations in other areas light to absent except for
moderate in areas of Canadian County. PEA APHID (Acyrthosiphon pisum) extremely
heavy in most areas of north central, central and south central sections; in Payne
County ranged up to 5,000 per 10 sweeps; moderate to heavy in most of southwest
except light in Harmon County; 1,000-1,700 per 10 sweeps in Tulsa County.
Moderate to heavy in Caddo, Blaine and Washita Counties; light to heavy in Mc-
Curtain County. Considerable spraying underway in many central areas. Up to
2,000 per-linear foot reported in Austrian winter peas in Washita County.
SPOTTED ALFALFA APHID (Therioaphis maculata) moderate in alfalfa in Beckham
County and Lone Wolf area of Kiowa County; active to light in Harmon, Payne and
Sequoyah Counties. STINK BUG adults active in alfalfa in east central area;
ranged 0.25-4 per 10 sweeps in Tulsa, Washita and Custer Counties. BEAN LEAF
BEETLE (Cerotoma trifurcata) adults active in alfalfa in northeast and east
central areas; numbers light, 0-5 per 10 sweeps. GREEN CLOVERWORM (Plathypena
scabra) found in alfalfa in east central area for first time this year.
TARNISHED PLANT BUG (Lygus lineolaris) ranged 0-2 per 10 sweeps in alfalfa in
east central area and Payne County. Several species of GRASSHOPPERS noted on
rangeland in west central area; light hatch of Melanoplus spp. and Aulocara
elliotti with first instars ranging 3-12 per square yard in Atoka, Love and
Pittsburg Counties. COLORADO POTATO BEETLE (Leptinotarsa decemlineata) damaging
young potato plants in home gardens in Noble, McIntosh, Pushmataha and McCurtain
Counties. Unspecified CUTWORMS ranged 1-2 per foot of row and damaged onions
and tomatoes in home gardens in Washita County; damaged gardens in Murray and
Kiowa Counties also. Moderate numbers of unidentified APHIDS damaged radishes
and asparagus in Bixby area, Tulsa County. A LEAFHOPPER (Cuerna lateralis)

- 429 -

averaged 2 per stalk on commercial asparagus in Tulsa County. PECAN NUT CASE-
BEARER (Acrobasis caryae) larvae active on pecan trees in Tulsa and Muskogee
Counties; feeding on leaf buds and tips of branches. EASTERN TENT CATERPILLAR
(Malacosoma americanum) continued damaging to wild and cultivated plum trees
throughout eastern third of State; larvae one-half to two-thirds grown. Egg
laying by ELM LEAF BEETLE (Galerucella xanthomelaena) underway in Stillwater
area, Payne County; adults active in Tulsa County. Several species of APHIDS
continue damaging to wide variety of ornamentals throughout State; controls
needed in many areas. MAY BEETLES (Phyllophaga spp.) emerging in many areas.
HORN FLY (Haematobia irritans) averaged 250 per head on cows in Pushmataha,
Choctaw and McCurtain Counties; 100 per head in Noble County; and 50 per head
in Payne County; moderate in McIntosh, Cleveland and Comanche Counties and
light in Kay County. Adults of COMMON CATTLE GRUB (Hypoderma lineatum) heavy
around cattle in Pushmataha, Choctaw, McCurtain and Haskell Counties; moderate
in Osage, Kay, Seminole and McIntosh Counties; few grubs still present in backs
of cattle in Mayes Counties. Several species of CATTLE LICE moderate to heavy
on cattle in Pushmataha, Choctaw, McCurtain, Murray, Haskell and Mayes Counties.
HORSE FLIES (Tabanus spp.) averaged 4 per head on cows in McCurtain, Choctaw and
Pushmataha Counties; moderate to heavy in Seminole and Haskell Counties. LONE
STAR TICK (Amblyomma americanum) heavy (50 per head) on cattle in McCurtain,
Choctaw, Pushmataha, Sequoyah and Haskell Counties; light in Adair County.
AMERICAN DOG TICK (Dermacentor variabilis) common on variety of animals through-
out most of State. HOUSE FLY (Musca domestica) averaged 5 per Scudder grid in
untreated barns in Stillwater area. HORSE BOTS (Gasterophilus spp.) moderate;
full-grown larvae found in horses in Payne County; 65 percent HORSE BOT FLY

(G. intestinalis) and 44 percent THROAT BOT FLY (G. nasalis). CLOVER MITE
(Bryobia praetiosa) causing concern in Oklahoma County; invading homes and
public buildings. Several species of MOSQUITOES noted; Culiseta inornata
larvae ranged 150-200 per dip in temporary pools in Payne County; adults numerous;
other unidentified adults light in east central area. SUBTERRANEAN TERMITES
(Reticulitermes spp.) swarming in several areas in Pushmataha, Choctaw and
McCurtain Counties. RED HARVESTER ANT (Pogonomyrmex barbatus) taken in Creek,
Okmulgee, Haskell, Muskogee, Wagoner, Sequoyah and Le Flore Counties; these

are the first official reports for these counties, but it is believed counties
were infested for a number of years. (Okla. Coop. Sur.).

OREGON - SPRUCE APHID (Aphis abietina) light to moderate on ornamental spruces

in Portland, Multnomah County. Damage during 1965 expected to be less than
during past 2 years. COOLEY SPRUCE GALL APHID (Chermes cooleyi) light to heavy
on Douglas-fir in parts of Portland and surrounding areas. Some premature needle
drop may occur. (Orr, USFS).

MINNESOTA - GRASSHOPPER egg development in southwest showed TWO-STRIPED GRASSHOPPER
(Melanoplus bivittatus) eggs in coagulation stage. RED-LEGGED GRASSHOPPER (M,
femurrubrum) and DIFFERENTIAL GRASSHOPPER (M. differentialis) eggs all clear; no
development noted. (Minn. Ins. Rpt.). Gi

(Weather continued from page 410).

to 1880. In some places previous records have been exceeded by as much as 4,5
feet, while in others the margin is but little over a foot. On April 26 the
crest was between Dubuque and Clinton, Iowa. Record overflow will extend down
stream to Hannibal, Missouri, or further, Heavy rainfall over the past weekend
has necessitated upward revisions of forecasts for the region from Keithsburg
Illinois, to St. Louis, Missouri. St. Louis is the only gauging stations from
Libby, Minnesota, to Caruthersville, Missouri, at which flood level will not be
reached, (Summary supplied by U.S, Weather Bureau).

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- 431 -

Estimates of Damage by the European Corn Borer
to Grain Corn in the United States in 1964

Compiled in Survey and Detection Operations, PPC, ARS

The loss of corn grown for grain from damage attributed to the European corn borer
(Ostrinia nubilalis) in 1964 is estimated to be approximately 87,116,000 bushels
in 15 major corn-producing States, In these States, the loss was 2.81 percent of
the production. This loss is approximately 2.45 percent of the total national
crop estimated at 3,548,604,000 bushels.1/ The value of the loss, based on the
season average prices received by farmers for corn 2 , is $97,478,000. These

loss estimates are only for the States shown in Table 1 and are based on the
counties or districts surveyed during the fall of 1964 within these States. 3/

Table 1 is a composite of State and Federal estimates. These estimates were
prepared by using production data Wy and prices received 2/, released by the
Statistical Reporting Service. The basis for the loss estimates was determined
by the survey of European corn borer populations during the fall of 1964. 2%,

The index of 3 percent loss per borer per plant was used to compute the loss in
bushels.

Estimated loss to grain corn for the past 13 years in States where the fall
abundance survey was conducted are as follows:

1964 87,116,000 Bushels $ 97,478,000
1963 120,648,000" 127,838,000
1962 88,245,000 " 93,695,000
1961 65,044,000" 68,998,000
1960 102,991,000" 96,085,000
1959 67,763,000 " 71,979,000
1958 100,699,000" 98,434,000
1957 180,897,000 " 158,841,000
1956 97,971,000 " 119,535,000
1955 155,355,000 " 182,579,000
1954 191,614,000 " 261,415,000
1953 90,000,000" 125,466,000
1952 53,270,000" 77,205,000

ly, Crop Production, 1964 Annual Summary by States, Crop Reporting Board,
Statistical Reporting Service, USDA, December 18, 1964.

2/ Crop Values, Season Average Prices Received by Farmers and Value of Produc-

~ tion - 1963 and 1964 - By States, Crop Reporting Board, Statistical Reporting
Service, USDA, December 18, 1964,

3/ Cooperative Economic Insect Report, 15(2) :22-28,

CEIR 15(18): 4/30/65

Table 1.

State

Arkansas
Delaware
Illinois
Indiana

Iowa

Kansas
Maryland
Michigan
Minnesota
Missouri
Nebraska
North Dakota
Ohio

South Dakota

Wisconsin

Totals

- 432 -

Estimates of Damage by the European Corn Borer to
Corn Grown for Grain in the United States in 1964

>Districts

- Included V/: Production

Number
A
iL
7
12

(Woy = (ey)? (3)

Total
State

1,000 Bu.
3,614
7,803

710,892
337,752
754,908
46,332
27,216
101,804
272,108
156,723
287,392
5,700
192,465
80,414

105,140

3,090, 263

Value
Per
Bushel

Dollars

1.25
1.30

1.13

Estimated Data

: Value
: of
- Production
$1,000
4,518
10,144
803 , 308
371,527
822,850
Bo 35
35,381
113,002
293,877
184,933
246,137
5,871
213,636
86,043

124,065

3,370,427

1/ Cooperative Economic Insect Report. 15(2) :22-28,

Loss of Crop

1,000 Bu.
36

236
19,034
5,926
33,558
1,330
576
1,048
Selo
8,528
10,639
222
1,042
1,567

247

87,116

$1, 000
45

307
21,508
6,519
36,578
1,582
749
1,163
33g
10,063
12,235
229
1,156
1,676

291

97,478

= 688) 2

STATUS OF THE SCREW-WORM (Cochliomyia hominivorax) IN THE SOUTHWEST

A marked increase in migrations of screw-worm into Texas during the period April 18-24
resulted in 11 reported cases. Counties and number of cases reported: Brooks 4, Webb
1, Jim Hogg 1, Hidalgo 2, Kerr 1 and Jim Wells 2. No cases were reported from Jim Wells
County in 1964, No cases were reported elsewhere in the Southwestern Eradication Area
nor from Arizona. The Republic of Mexico reported 83 cases in Sonora, 2 in Coahuila,

4 in Tamaulipas, 1 each in Durango, San Luis Potosi and Veracruz, and 2 in Chihuahua.
Total sterile screw-worm flies released: Texas 3,922,250, Arizona 180,000 and Mexico

68 , 208,000.

Ratio of Positive Cases
Positive Cases Negative Cases to 100 Cases Negative

Year Current Cumulative Current Cumulative Current Cumulative

Table 1. Comparison of specimens reported during corresponding weeks in
1963 and 1964 in Southwestern Eradication Area,

1963 95 550 433 1,821 21.93 30.20
1964 8 30 421 1,871 1.90 1.60
1965 ital 20 232 1,270 4.74 1.57

Table 2. Comparison of specimens reported during corresponding weeks and
in a corresponding area in 1964 in the United States-Mexico
Barrier Zone, *

1964 32 258 90 424 35.55 60.84

1965 98 802 70 543 140.00 147.69
Table 2A, Mexican portion of Barrier Zone only.

1964 27 232 21 116 128.57 200.00

1965 90 786 28 289 321.42 PXfal SU

* Barrier Zone - Area in which screw-worm eradication operations are being
carried out in an effort to prevent establishment of self-sustaining screw-
worm population in the United States. (Anim. Dis. Erad. Div.).

Figures - Number of cases reported
in infested counties for %"”
period April 18 - 24

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NITED STATES DE

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ITED STATES DEPARTMENT OF sean

7 Aa

AGRICULTURAL RESEARCH SERVICE

PLANT PEST CONTROL DIVISION

SURVEY AND DETECTION OPERATIONS

The Cooperative Economic Insect Report is issued
- weekly as a service to American Agriculture. Its contents
are compiled from information supplied by cooperating State,
Federal, and industrial entomologists and other agricultural
workers. In releasing this material the Division serves as
a clearing house and does rot assume responsibility for ac-
curacy of the material.

All correspondence pertaining to additions, dele-
tions and changes of addresses for the mailing
list for this report should be sent to:

Service Operations Division
Office of Plant and Operations
United States Department of Agriculture
Washington, D. C. 20250

Reports and inquiries pertaining to this release
should be mailed to: j

Survey and Detection Operations
Plant Pest Control Division
Agricultural Research Service
United States Department of Agriculture
Federal Center Building
Hyattsville, Maryland 20781

Volume 15 May 7, 1965 Number 19
COOPERATIVE ECONOMIC INSECT REPORT
HIGHLIGHTS:

ALFALFA WEEVIL adults and larvae active and damaging alfalfa in several Eastern
and Midwestern States; appearing and increasing in numbers in various Western
States. (pp. 439, 458). PEA APHID counts high in alfalfa in Delaware, Maryland,
Ohio, Illinois, Oklahoma and Nevada; parasites, predators and disease exerting
some control in some areas. (p. 440). SPOTTED ALFALFA APHID increasing rapidly
in New Mexico and causing some damage in Arizona; expected to reach economic
proportions in Nebraska if warm, dry weather continues. (p. 441). ARMYWORM
larvae noted in small grains in Texas and Missouri; light adult flights continued
in Missouri and first moths of season taken in Wisconsin. (p. 442). EUROPEAN
CORN BORER pupating in Illinois. CEREAL LEAF BEETLE adults have left overwinter-
ing quarters in Michigan; first egg of season found on wheat in Indiana. CORN
LEAF APHID necessitated controls on barley in New Mexico and damaging same crop
in Utah. CHINCH BUG damaging corn in Texas. (p. 443). BROWN WHEAT MITE continues
problem on small grains in New Mexico; counts high in Texas Panhandle. GRASS-
HOPPERS appearing on rangeland in Oklahoma and Texas. (p. 444).

Several INSECTS of concern on pecans in Florida, Alabama and Oklahoma; and control
efforts increased as CITRUS THRIPS continues to be a problem on citrus in Arizona.
(pp. 446, 447). APHIDS appearing and becoming troublesome on various fruit and
truck crops, and on ornamentals and shade trees in several States. (pp. 445,

447, 453). BOLLWORM causing scattered damage on cotton terminals in lower Rio
Grande Valley of Texas; extremely high egg deposition in Arkansas dropped to

very low level. Numerous adults of a WEEVIL (Anthonomus sp.) being found in
eastern Yuma County, Arizona. Several cotton insects becoming active in Arizona
and Texas cotton. PINK BOLLWORM moths emerging in cages in Arizona and Texas.
(pp. 450, 451).

EUROPEAN PINE SHOOT MOTH larval winter survival 100 percent in Michigan. SILVER-
SPOTTED TIGER MOTH larvae causing obvious defoliation of Douglas-fir on Klamath
National Forest, California. (p. 451). FACE FLY activity on cattle increasing
in Nebraska. (p. 454). BENEFICIAL INSECTS active in several States; remain

low in Arkansas, but expected to increase with advent of warm weather, (pp. 457,
458).

DETECTION

New State records reported were a PREDACEOUS OSTOMID BEETLE (Temnochila virescens)
in Delaware; an ICHNEUMON (Stilpnus anthomyidiperda) in California. (pp. 457, 458).
New county records included: ALFALFA WEEVIL (Hypera postica) in Sullivan County,
Indiana, and Randolph County, Illinois, (p. 439); IMPORTED FIRE ANT (Solenopsis
saevissima richteri) in Ouachita County, Arkansas, (p. 458); WHITE-FRINGED BEETLES

(Graphognathus spp.) in Panola County, Mississippi, (p. 458).

SOME FIRST REPORTS OF THE SEASON

TARNISHED PLANT BUG in Delaware; CLOVER LEAFHOPPER adults in New York and Delaware;
POTATO LEAFHOPPER in Illinois; ALFALFA CATERPILLAR in Oklahoma and Nevada; GREEN
CLOVERWORM in Illinois and South Dakota; CORN EARWORM adults and a BERMUDA-GRASS
MITE (Aceria neocynodonis) in Oklahoma; PEAR PSYLLA in Michigan and New York;
BLACK CHERRY APHID in New York; EUROPEAN RED MITE in Massachusetts, Delaware and
Maryland; PLUM CURCULIO in Delaware; ORIENTAL FRUIT MOTH in Colorado; CABBAGE
MAGGOT in Massachusetts; SARATOGA SPITTLEBUG in Florida; TWIG PRUNER in Oklahoma,

(continued on page 438).

- 438 -

CORRECTIONS and ADDITIONAL NOTES

See pages 458 and 459,

SPECIAL REPORTS
Potato Aphid Survey in New Jersey. (p. 447).

Second Beet Leafhopper Survey in Desert Areas of Central Arizona, Southeastern
California, Southern Nevada and Southern Utah. (p. 448).

Asparagus Beetle Survey in New Jersey. (p. 449).
Status of the Screw-worm in the Southwest. (p. 461).
Survey of Bollworm Infestations in Soybeans in Arkansas, 1960-1964. (p. 462).

Estimated Losses and Production Costs Attributed to Insects and Related Arthropods
Attacking Wheat, Alfalfa, Apples, Pears, Peaches, Sugar Beets, Potatoes, Tomatoes,
Beans (dry) and Onions in Colorado in 1964, (pp. 464-468).

Reports in this issue are for week ending April 30, unless otherwise indicated,

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WEATHER BUREAU'S 30-DAY OUTLOOK
MAY 1965

The Weather Bureau's 30-day outlook for May calls for temperatures to average
above seasonal normals in the South as well as the Middle Atlantic and West
Coast States. Below normal averages are expected from the Northern and Central
Plains northeastward to the upper Great Lakes. Near normal temperatures are
anticipated in unspecified areas, Precipitation is predicted to exceed normal
from the Northern and Central Plains eastward to the Appalachians. Below normal
totals should be confined to the western quarter of the Nation while near normal
amounts are expected elsewhere,

Weather forecast given here is based on the official 30-day "Resume and Outlook"
published twice a month by the Weather Bureau. You can subscribe through the
Superintendent of Documents, Washington, D. C. 20250. Price $5.00 a year.

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WEATHER OF THE WEEK ENDING MAY 3

HIGHLIGHTS: (1) Widespread precipitation early in week, Rocky Mountains to
Atlantic coast. (2) Much sunshine, dry air, Arizona to south Atlantic coast.
(3) Record-breaking low temperatures southern Plains at midweek. (4) Record-
breaking highs in central Great Plains later.

TEMPERATURE: A huge mound of polar, continental air stretched from New Mexico
to the Carolinas early in the week. In this high pressure area, skies were
clear, winds were light, and humidity low. Days were mild and nights were cool.
Kansas reported freezing on Wednesday with 25° at Goodland and 23° at other

(continued on page 459).

- 439 -

CEREAL AND FORAGE INSECTS

ALFALFA WEEVIL (Hypera postica) - VERMONT - Activity and egg laying expected
with occurrence of warm weather. (MacCollom). MASSACHUSETTS - First adult of
season found April 21 in duff at New Marlboro, Berkshire County. No viable
overwintering eggs noted. Records show oviposition in fall of 1964 was lower
than in fall of 1963; also, noticeably fewer adults observed in alfalfa in fall
of 1964 than in fall of 1963. (Shaw). NEW JERSEY - Adults averaged 58 per 100
sweeps (range 10-100) and larvae averaged 190 per 100 sweeps (range 0-800) in

6 fields in Gloucester, Salem and Cumberland Counties. (Ins.-Dis. Newsltr.).
MARYLAND - Adults continue active and larval populations continue to increase on
untreated alfalfa in all sections. Larvae averaged up to 30 per sweep on alfalfa
at Rockville, Montgomery County. (U. Md., Ent. Dept.). DELAWARE - Adults common
on alfalfa in most areas; ranged 1-4 per sweep. Larvae numerous throughout
State; counts per sweep, by county, as follows: New Castle 2-3; Kent 6; Sussex
10. Injury unusually heavy in most fields for this time of year. (Burbutis).
ALABAMA - Continues widespread on alfalfa; considerable damage reported from
Madison, Cherokee, Dallas, Colbert, Morgan, Calhoun, Randolph and Montgomery
Counties. (Magnusson, Shuler, Young, Somerville, Rutledge, Mathews, Moore).

OHIO - Infestations being reported with increasing frequency. Serious problem
areas include Athens County, with up to 12 or more adults per plant; infestation
nearly 100 percent in Monroe County; severe leaf damage reported in Muskingum
County. Alfalfa has frosted appearance in many fields in Gallia County; popula-
tion considerably higher than previously noted, with 90-100 percent of plants
showing damage. Alfalfa 8-10 inches high. Infestation approximately 20 percent
in Adams County, with damage widespread in eastern part of county. Counts in
other counties as follows: Columbiana, 6 larvae and 4 adults per 25 sweeps;
Morgan, 3 adults and 3 small larvae per sweep; Delaware, 2 larvae per 25 sweeps.
Adult activity reported in Perry and Guernsey Counties. (Mobray, Ackerman, Myers,
Pollock, Esterling, Perry, Share, Knotts, Smith, Blair, Rose). INDIANA - Found
for first time in Sullivan County. Larvae ranged 2-8 per sweep in south central
and southwestern areas, (Matthew). Larvae averaged 15 per sweep in Floyd and
Harrison Counties; adults present in all fields checked, (Wilson, Shade, Hintz).
ILLINOIS - Adults varied 0-2 (average 0.25) and larvae 0-800 (average 173) per
100 sweeps in alfalfa in southeast; adults varied 0-30 (average 5) and larvae
1-4,500 (average 1,620) per 100 sweeps in southeast. Populations heaviest in
Hardin County where up to 85 percent of stems show terminal feeding. Many larvae
pupating and few new adults emerged. One adult and 2 larvae found April 29 in
Randolph County; this is a new county record. (Ill. Ins. Rpt.). MISSOURI -
Larvae continued to cause light to moderate injury to first-cutting alfalfa in
extreme southeast area, Larval counts continued to decline slowly as increasing
numbers pupate; however, counts remain 3-8 per sweep in most fields. Some cutting
underway in Pemiscot County. First-generation adults beginning to emerge.

(Wkly. Ins. Rpt.). COLORADO - First larvae of season noted on alfalfa in Mesa
County; ranged 2-5 per 100 sweeps. (Bulla). WYOMING - First adults of season
noted on alfalfa in Goshen, Platte and Laramie Counties. Averaged less than one
per square foot. (Marks). UTAH - Adults numerous in Scipio area, Millard
County. (Knowlton). Activity increasing with adult numbers variable. All
larval stages damaging alfalfa in one field at Hurricane, Washington County.
(Davis, Knowlton). NEVADA - Larval populations increasing in Fallon-Stillwater
area in Churchill County, at Lovelock in Pershing County and in southern Washoe
County. Highest counts, up to 10 larvae per sweep, found in Churchill County
where development is ahead of other areas. (Bechtel, Ferraro, Martinelli, York).

CLOVER LEAF WEEVIL (Hypera punctata) - NEW YORK - Larvae noted on alfalfa in
Oswego and Jefferson Counties. (N.Y. Wkly. Rpt., Apr. 23). OHIO - Larvae and
characteristic damage observed in Licking and Montgomery Counties, (Scheetz,
Wallace, Blair). ILLINOIS - Larvae varied 0-10 (average approximately 4) per
Square foot in southern half of State. Pupation well underway. Few adults of
an ichneumon (probably Biolysia tristis) noted in the field. (111. Ins. Rpt.).
NEBRASKA - Very light in Dawson, Lincoln, Hall and Buffalo Counties. (Rhine).

- 440 -

CLOVER ROOT CURCULIO (Sitona hispidula) - DELAWARE - Adults common in New Castle
County alfalfa; averaged 2 per 10 sweeps. (Burbutis). WYOMING - Adults averaged
8 per 100 sweeps of alfalfa in Goshen County. (Marks) .

SWEETCLOVER WEEVIL (Sitona cylindricollis) - UTAH - Notching leaves of sweetclover
near Salt Lake City, Salt Lake County. (Knowlton) .

WEEVILS (Sitona spp.) - NORTH DAKOTA - Trace numbers (1 per 100 sweeps) of

S. scissifrons taken in alfalfa stubble near Kindred, Cass County. (Frye).

SOUTH DAKOTA - S. flavescens and S. scissifrons noted in alfalfa near James River
at Olivet, Hutchinson County, April 21. Field sampled is first of season and

in less exposed area; alfalfa more advanced than in most fields in southeastern
counties. (Jones).

VETCH BRUCHID (Bruchus brachialis) - TEXAS - Light locally on vetch in Tarrant
County. (Turney).

PEA APHID (Acyrthosiphon pisum) - NEW JERSEY - Averaged 72 per 20 sweeps (range
25-150) in 6 fields in Glouchester, Salem and Cumberland Counties. (Ins.-Dis.
Newsltr.). DELAWARE - Increased noticeably on alfalfa in most areas; averaged 200
per 100 sweeps in New Castle County and ranged 2,000-3,000 per 100 sweeps in Kent
and Sussex Counties. (Burbutis). MARYLAND - Averaged approximately 100 per
sweep on alfalfa at Annapolis, Anne Arundel County. Generally light to moderate
on alfalfa in Frederick and Montgomery Counties. (U. Md., Ent. Dept.). FLORIDA -
Light on yellow lupine; 90-1,000 adults and nymphs taken in 100 sweeps of alfalfa.
(Fla. Coop. Sur.). TEXAS - Averaged 125 per sweep on vetch in Tarrant County
(Turney); ranged 125-400 per sweep on alfalfa in Bowie County (Lynch, Meisch).
ARKANSAS - Present in all areas on clover, alfalfa and other legumes. Numbers
vary, but averaged approximately 100 per sweep of 15-inch net. (Ark. Ins. Sur.).
OKLAHOMA - Extremely heavy in many areas; numbers vary considerably within

areas, but counts as high as 3,000 per 10 sweeps noted in many fields in north
central, central, south central and southwest areas. Some counts as high as
6,000 per 10 sweeps in these areas. Moderate to heavy (450-3,000 per 10 sweeps)
in some fields in east central, southeast and northwest areas; light to moderate
in west central area. Some spraying underway, but many growers cutting early
instead. (Okla. Coop. Sur.). OHIO - Averaged 15 per sweep in field of alfalfa
in Woods County; ranged 1-3 per sweep in other fields in northwestern section,
(Rose). INDIANA - Ranged 30-80 per sweep throughout southern quarter of State.
(Matthew). WISCONSIN - About half grown and embryos forming in fundatrices,.

Eye spots of embryos not yet evident. Approximately 20 percent of nymphs in

one field in Green County already showing symptoms of parasitism. (Wis. Ins,
Sur.). ILLINOIS - Populations vary 40 to 60,000 per 100 sweeps in clover and
alfalfa in southern half of State. Populations very erratic but heaviest in
southwest. Parasites and disease heavy in some fields, nearly absent in other
fields. (Ill. Ins. Rpt.). MISSOURI - Varied 40-250 per sweep in alfalfa in
extreme southeast area and 10-50 per sweep in some south central area fields.
Damage or leaf curling practically nonexistent. Disease destroying 25-35 percent
of population and predators quite numerous in extreme southeastern counties. No
controls should be needed in southeast. (Wkly. Ins. Rpt.). NEBRASKA - Adults
and nymphs light on alfalfa in Hall, Buffalo, Dawson and Lincoln Counties;

ranged 2-5 per 10 sweeps. (Rhine). WYOMING - Averaged 85 per 100 sweeps in
alfalfa in Goshen, Platte and Laramie Counties. (Marks). UTAH - Moderate on
alfalfa at Hurricane, Washington County. (Davis). COLORADO - Counts low on
alfalfa in Mesa County; 10-20 per 100 sweeps. (Bulla). NEW MEXICO - Populations
in alfalfa in southern counties becoming much lighter; probably due partially

to hot, dry daytime temperatures and presence of lady beetles, damsel bugs and
syrphid fly larvae. (N.M. Coop. Rpt.). NEVADA - Populations in many fields of
alfalfa being held in check by parasites and predators in Churchill and Pershing
Counties. (Bechtel, Ferraro, Martinelli, York). WASHINGTON - In Yakima and
vicinity, Yakima County, 6 fields of forage alfalfa checked; 6 per 100 sweeps
found in one field. Second and third instars absent in most fields. Only few
aphids recovered in most alfalfa forage examined in Benton and Walla Walla
Counties; 10 per 25 alfalfa tips noted in one field checked. Eggs hatched April 16
in Walla Walla area. (Halfhill).

- 44] -

SPOTTED ALFALFA APHID (Therioaphis maculata) - ARIZONA - Continues light to
medium on alfalfa in Graham County; very heavy in one 60-acre field, with 50
percent of field appearing damaged. (Ariz. Coop. Sur.). NEW MEXICO - Populations
building up very rapidly in alfalfa near Portales, Roosevelt County; damage very
noticeable in many fields. (N.M. Coop. Rpt.). OKLAHOMA —- Averaged 450 per 10
sweeps in alfalfa in Harmon County, southwest. Averaged 50 per 10 sweeps in
Kingfisher and Logan Counties, central. None seen in alfalfa checked in north
central and northwest areas. (Okla. Coop. Sur.). NEBRASKA - Increasing in
Dawson County. Averaged 20 per 10 sweeps; some apterous females present, but
population mostly nymphs. Few predators present. If warm, dry weather continues,
populations expected to reach economic proportions. (Rhine). WISCONSIN - Nymphs
number approximately 1 per alfalfa stem in field near Brodhead, Green County.
Nymphs approximately one-third grown. Apparently population in this field is
lower than at same time last year. (Wis. Ins. Sur.). ILLINOIS - Counts varied
0-1,200 per 100 sweeps in alfalfa in southwest. (111. Ins. Rpt.). INDIANA -
Occasional apterous adult taken in sweeping alfalfa near Norton, Dubois County.
(Matthew) .

YELLOW CLOVER APHID (Therioaphis trifolii) - ILLINOIS - Varied 0-90 per 100
sweeps in red clover in southern half of State. Goh Sinseakpiiepie

TARNISHED PLANT BUG (Lygus lineolaris) - OKLAHOMA - Present in most alfalfa
checked in northwest and north central areas. Ranged O-10 per 10 sweeps; averaged
3 or less in most fields. (Okla. Coop. Sur.). ILLINOIS - Adults varied 0-52

per 100 sweeps in clover and alfalfa in southern half of State. Gali inseaeR pice ie
NEW YORK - Several adults noted on alfalfa in Oswego and Jefferson Counties,

(N.Y. Wkly. Rpt., Apr. 23). DELAWARE - First adults of season noted on alfalfa;
averaged 1-2 per 10 sweeps throughout State. (Burbutis). FLORIDA - Single

adult collected in 100 sweeps of rye on April 20; 14 adults taken in 100 sweeps

of alfalfa April 28. (Fla. Coop. Sur.).

LYGUS BUGS (Lygus spp.) - WASHINGTON - Mostly first and second instars averaged

40 per 100 sweeps on forage alfalfa in Yakima and vicinity, Yakima County.
(Halfhill). NEVADA - Mostly adults, but some early nymphs, present in all alfalfa
checked in Churchill, Pershing and southern Washoe Counties. Concentrations
mostly confined to patches of mustard in fields or along margins. (Bechtel,
Martinelli). UTAH - Largely L. elisus, moderate on tansymustards in Delta-Desert
area, Millard County. (Knowlton). ARIZONA - Nymphs increasing rapidly in

alfalfa and safflower in Graham, Pinal and Maricopa Counties; continue light in
Yuma County. (Ariz. Coop. Sur.). COLORADO - Ranged 50-150 per 100 sweeps of
alfalfa in Mesa County. (Bulla). WYOMING - Adults averaged 10 per 100 sweeps

in alfalfa in Goshen, Platte and Laramie Counties. (Marks). NEBRASKA - Light
numbers noted in Dawson, Hall and Lincoln Counties; averaged 1 per sweep. (Rhine).
MASSACHUSETTS - Ranged 1-3 per 100 sweeps in alfalfa in western area. (Shaw).

PLANT BUGS (Adelphocoris spp.) - ARIZONA - A. superbus (superb plant bug) averaged
40 per 100 sweeps in alfalfa in Graham and Santa Cruz Counties; light in areas of
Maricopa, Pinal and Pima Counties. (Ariz. Coop. Sur.). ILLINOIS - Nymphs of

A. lineolatus (alfalfa plant bug) and A. rapidus (rapid plant bug) each varied
0-30 per 100 sweeps in clover and alfalfa in southern area. (111. Ins. Rpt.).

MEADOW SPITTLEBUG (Philaenus spumarius) - MARYLAND - Increasing generally on red
clover in Montgomery and Prince Georges Counties. (U. Md., Ent. Dept.).

CLOVER LEAFHOPPER (Aceratagallia sanguinolenta) - UTAH - Numerous in alfalfa at
Erda, Tooele County, and at Deseret, Millard County. (Knowlton). SOUTH DAKOTA -
Noted in alfalfa checked April 21 near James River at Olivet, Hutchinson County.
Field in less exposed area and alfalfa somewhat more advanced than in other
fields observed in southeast counties. (Jones). NEW YORK - Adults noted on
alfalfa in Oswego and Jefferson Counties. (N.Y. Wkly. Rpt., Apr. 23).
MASSACHUSETTS - Ranged 1-6 per 100 sweeps in western area. Draeculacephala spp.
also noted at O-1 per 100 sweeps. (Shaw). DELAWARE - Adults present on alfalfa
throughout State; averaged 2-3 per 10 sweeps. (Burbutis). FLORIDA - Total of

- 442 -

20 adults collected in 50 sweeps of yellow lupine and 5 adults taken in 100
sweeps of alfalfa, both on April 28. (Fla. Coop. Sur.).

POTATO LEAFHOPPER (Empoasca fabae) - ILLINOIS - First specimens of season found
in alfalfa in southern area on April 26; populations well below one per 100 sweeps.
Gali Iinsee Rpt

THRIPS - NEW MEXICO - Becoming very abundant in much alfalfa in Dona Ana County.
@EMG Coop oRpit

ALFALFA CATERPILLAR (Colias eurytheme) - ARIZONA - Adult and larval populations
increasing in alfalfa in Yuma, Maricopa, Pinal, Pima and Graham Counties. (Ariz.
Coop. Sur.). NEVADA - Small adult numbers noted in most alfalfa checked in
Churchill and Pershing Counties. (Bechtel, Martinelli). OKLAHOMA - Noted in
alfalfa in Woods and Major Counties, northwest, and in Noble County, north central.
This is first activity of season, (Okla. Coop. Sur.).

GREEN CLOVERWORM (Plathypena scabra) - OKLAHOMA - Light in many fields of alfalfa
checked in north central and northwest areas. (Okla. Coop. Sur.). ARKANSAS -
Numbers variable, but generally ranged from very few to 40 per 100 sweeps in
legume crops. (Ark. Ins. Sur.). ILLINOIS - First larvae of season observed on
alfalfa April 29, (111. Ins. Rpt.). SOUTH DAKOTA - Noted in alfalfa sampled
April 21 near James River at Olivet, Hutchinson County. Field in less exposed
area and alfalfa somewhat more advanced than most fields observed in southeastern
counties. (Jones).

VARIEGATED CUTWORM (Peridroma saucia) - NEW YORK - Larvae noted on alfalfa in
Oswego and Jefferson Counties. (N.Y. Wkly. Rpt., Apr. 23). ALABAMA - Cutworms
reported in CEIR 15(18):414 as feeding on wheat in St. Elmo community, Mobile
County, determined as this species, (Turner, Seibels, Dillier).

BEET ARMYWORM (Spodoptera exigua) - ARIZONA - Medium populations appearing in
alfalfa in Yuma County; larvae ranged 20-50 per 100 sweeps. (Ariz. Coop. Sur.).

CABBAGE LOOPER (Trichoplusia ni) - ARIZONA - Small infestations appearing in
Graham County alfalfa; larvae ranged 5-20 per 100 sweeps. (Ariz. Coop. Sur.).

CUTWORMS - MASSACHUSETTS - Ranged 1-3 per 100 sweeps in western part of State.
(Shaw).

ARMYWORM (Pseudaletia unipuncta) - TEXAS - Second to fourth-stage larvae averaged
21 per 25 sweeps in Tarrant County small grains. (Turney). MISSOURI - Some
light adult flights continued in southeast area, First larvae of season found in
ranker, dense small grains where counts very low. Young larvae ranged O-5 per
square foot; some egg laying and egg hatch will continue for 7-10 days. (Wkly.
Ins, Rpt.). WISCONSIN - Moths appeared in light traps at Madison and Middleton
on night of April 29. (Wis. Ins. Sur.)

ARMY CUTWORM (Chorizagrotis auxiliaris) - COLORADO - Larvae averaged 2 per linear
foot of wheat in southern Washington County. (Travis). Not present in economic
numbers in wheat checked in Weld, Morgan, Yuma, Washington, Phillips, Sedgwick
and Logan Counties. (Jenkins). NEBRASKA - Ranged 0-2 per alfalfa plant in
Buffalo, Dawson and Lincoln Counties, (Rhine).

CORN EARWORM (Heliothis zea) - GEORGIA - Moths heavy in whorls of corn in Tift
County. (Burton). OKLAHOMA - First adults of season taken in light trap in
Payne County, north central, One each taken on April 9, 11 and 28, (Okla. Coop.
Sur.). TEXAS - Locally moderate on corn in Webb County. (Texas Coop. Rpt.,
Plyler). ARIZONA - Larvae ranged 20-50 per 100 sweeps in alfalfa in Gila Valley
of Yuma County. (Ariz. Coop. Sur.).

PALE WESTERN CUTWORM (Agrotis orthogonia) - COLORADO - Economic numbers not present
in wheat checked in Weld, Morgan, Yuma, Washington, Phillips, Sedgwick and Logan
Counties, (Jenkins).

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EUROPEAN CORN BORER (Ostrinia nubilalis) - ILLINOIS - Pupation ranged 0-16 percent
in southern area. (II1l. Ins. Rpt.). NORTH DAKOTA - Winter survival of larvae 74
percent in Sargent, Ransom and portions of Richland and Dickey Counties. Counts
show 3,872 borers per acre compared with 3,485 per acre in 1964. (Frye).

LESSER CORNSTALK BORER (Elasmopalpus lignosellus) - GEORGIA - Adults taken in
light trap at Tifton, Tift County. (Leuck).

CEREAL LEAF BEETLE (Oulema melanopa) - INDIANA - Adults averaged 10 per 100 sweeps
in field borders of wheat in New Carlisle, St. Joseph County. First egg of season
found April 30 on wheat at this location. (Wilson, Shade, Hintz). MICHIGAN -
High percentage of adults had left overwintering quarters by April 28; concen-
trated near emergence sites on such grasses as reed canary, orchard, brome and
quack. Mating pairs common but no eggs found April 28. First eggs expected

May 1-7. Very little flight has occurred; first flying beetle observed April 21.
General spraying began in Berrien County April 28. First treatments to be applied
to approximately 54,000 acres in Berrien County and 56,000 acres in Cass County.
As weather permits, treatment to be applied to 13,000 acres in Van Buren County,
33,000 acres in St. Joseph County and 60,000 acres in Allegan County. Retreatment
will probably be made about 10 days after initial application. Ground surveys
being made to determine effectiveness and need for retreatment. (Ruppel, Turner).

SUGARCANE BEETLE (Euetheola rugiceps) - ALABAMA - Approximately one-third of corn
plants being destroyed in 30-acre field in River Falls area of Covington County;
plants 2-5 inches high. Control to be attempted. (Pike).

SEED-CORN BEETLE (Agonoderus lecontei) - NORTH DAKOTA - Heavy adult flight occurred
in Fargo, Cass County, night of April 29. (Frye).

FLEA BEETLES - NORTH CAROLINA - Damaging young corn in 2 large fields in Edgecombe
County; 1-10 found per plant. Some plants severely damaged. (Powell, Falter).
OKLAHOMA - Moderate in corn in Garvin County and light in Washita County. (Okla.
Coop. Sur.).

WIREWORMS - ALABAMA - Approximately 20 percent of corn plants in 8-acre field
in Covington County being damaged. (Pike).

BILLBUGS - GEORGIA - Moderate in corn in Tift and Irwin Counties. (French,
Brannen).

ENGLISH GRAIN APHID (Macrosiphum avenae) - NEVADA - Occasional specimens noted in
small grains in Churchill County. (Bechtel, Martinelli). OKLAHOMA - Only aphid
species commonly found in wheat checked in northwest; averaged 25 or less per
linear foot. Most wheat beginning to head and danger of damage appears past.
(Okla. Coop. Sur.). WISCONSIN - Alate swept from field of rye near Janesville,
Rock County. (Wis. Ins. Sur.). DELAWARE - Present on cereals in New Castle and
Kent Counties, common to abundant in Sussex County. (Burbutis).

CORN LEAF APHID (Rhopalosiphum maidis) - NEW MEXICO - Heavy aphid populations in
barley, mostly R. maidis, necessitated treatment in Deming area of Luna County

and in northern Dona Ana County. Treatments now underway on barley in southern
Dona Ana County. (N.M. Coop. Rpt.). UTAH - Damage to barley general in Washington
Fields area of Washington County; also occurring elsewhere in county. (Davis,

Knowlton).

APPLE GRAIN APHID (Rhopalosiphum fitchii) - WISCONSIN - Alate swept from rye in
field in Janesville area, Rock County. (Wis. Ins. Sur.).

GREENBUG (Schizaphis graminum) - TEXAS - Populations have about disappeared in
panhandle area, (@aniels, Apr. 27).

CHINCH BUG (Blissus leucopterus) - TEXAS - Heavy, widespread populations damaging
corn in Harris and Waller Counties. (Texas Coop. Rpt.).

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SIX-SPOTTED LEAFHOPPER (Macrosteles fascifrons) - SOUTH DAKOTA - Observed in
alfalfa checked near James River at Olivet, Hutchinson County, on April 21.

Field in less exposed area and alfalfa somewhat more advanced than in most fields
observed in southeastern counties, (Jones). WISCONSIN - Males and females swept
from rye in Janesville area of Rock County; averaged one per 100 sweeps. (Wis.
Ins. Sur.). FLORIDA - Collected as follows: More than 100 adults and nymphs in
100 sweeps of rye on April 20; 20 adults per 50 sweeps of oats and 20 adults per
50 sweeps of yellow lupine on April 28; light on alfalfa April 28. (Fla. Coop.
Sur.).

BROWN WHEAT MITE (Petrobia latens) - TEXAS - Ranged 2 to 6,000 or more per foot

in several areas of panhandle section, but apparently causing little damage.
Damage to dryland wheat mostly from lack of moisture; however, in areas where
significant rainfall has occurred, mite populations have decreased. (Daniels,
Apr. 27). NEW MEXICO - Continues a problem on small grains in Roosevelt and Curry
Counties. (N.M. Coop. Rpt.). NEBRASKA - Averaged 30 per linear foot in wheat in
some areas of Keith County. (Rhine). COLORADO - Trace numbers present in wheat
in northeastern area, (Jenkins). UTAH - Scarce in dry farm wheat and barley on
Levan Ridge, Juab County. (Knowlton). NEVADA - Light, spotted populations noted
in small grains and alfalfa in Fallon-Stillwater area, Churchill County. (Bechtel,
Martinelli, York).

SPIDER MITES (Tetranychus spp.) - COLORADO - Noted on wheat in Logan and Washington
Counties; damage observed. (Jenkins).

A GARDEN CENTIPEDE - OHIO - Noted in field in Warren County; damaged 2 acres of
corn in this field in 1964, (Ross).

GRASSHOPPERS - MASSACHUSETTS - Nymphs of unspecified species ranged O-1 per 100
sweeps in western part of State. (Shaw). ALABAMA - Winged adults of Schistocerca
americana (American grasshopper) light in most wheat in St. Elmo area, Mobile
County. (Dillier, Seibels). FLORIDA - S. americana adults averaged 4 per 50

feet of row in oats. Single Conocephalus sp. adult and 18 nymphs taken in 100
sweeps of alfalfa. (Fla. Coop. Sur.). TEXAS - First hatch of Ageneotettix deorum
and Amphitornus coloradus noted on rangeland; numbers light. A. deorum present

in Armstrong and Carson Counties; few A. coloradus found in Hartley County.

(Texas Coop. Rpt., Duncan). OKLAHOMA = Nymphs of several species active on
rangeland in Pittsburg County, east central; first and second stage nymphs ranged
5-25 per square yard. Melanoplus bivittatus (two-striped grasshopper) dominant.
On other rangeland areas in Jackson and Greer Counties, southwest, first-stage
nymphs ranged 2-3 per square yard. Ageneotettix deorum dominant species in this
area. (Okla. Coop. Sur.).

ARMYWORMS - OKLAHOMA - Moderate and damaging lawns in Bryan County. (Okla. Coop.
Sure

A BRUCHID (Mylabris sp.) - COLORADO —- Abundant on pastureland in Larimer County.
(Thatcher).

GROUND PEARLS - GEORGIA - Heavy in soil of centipede grass lawn in Dougherty
County. (Davis). Infesting lawn of centipede grass in Decatur County. (Hodges).
FLORIDA - Margarodes meridionalis infested soil of mixed centipede-carpet grass

at De Funiak Springs, Walton County. (Stokes, Apr. 24).

SPITTLEBUGS - GEORGIA - Light in Bahia grass in Tift County. (Byers).

GRASS SAWFLIES (Dolerus spp.) - CONNECTICUT - Observed in the Madison area, New
Haven County. (Savos, Apr. 28).

A BERMUDA-GRASS MITE (Aceria neocynodonis) - OKLAHOMA - Known infestations in
Oklahoma and Woods Counties checked; mites active and causing yellowing of
Bermuda grass lawns. (Okla. Coop. Sur.).

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MILLIPEDS - ALABAMA - Heavy in centipede grass lawns and gardens in Uriah area,
Monroe County. (Lemons et al.).

FRUIT INSECTS

ROSY APPLE APHID (Anuraphis rosea) - CONNECTICUT - Increased drastically at New
Haven, New Haven County, and Storrs, Tolland County. Attacking apple trees.
(Savos, Apr. 28). NEW YORK - None observed in Ulster County. (N.Y. Wkly. Rpt.,
Apr. 26). MARYLAND - Leaf curl continues on unsprayed apple trees in Hancock
area, Washington County. (U. Md., Ent. Dept.).

APPLE GRAIN APHID (Rhopalosiphum fitchii) - NEW YORK - Eggs and adults common

in Orange County; hatching observed in Clinton County. (N.Y. Wkly. Rpt., Apr. 26).
MICHIGAN - Nymphs common on apple buds in Berrien, Van Buren and Allegan Counties.
(Carpenter, Wooley, Howitt). COLORADO - Small numbers on apples in Garfield
County orchards; apples in green tip stage. (Bulla).

APPLE APHID (Aphis pomi) - CONNECTICUT - Hatching in New Haven, New Haven County.
attacking apple trees. (Savos, Apr. 28). NEW YORK - Active in Ulster County.
(N.Y. Wkly. Rpt., Apr. 20).

PEAR PSYLLA (Psylla pyricola) - MICHIGAN - Adults active; egg laying underway in
some southwestern pear orchards since April 22. (Wooley, Howitt, Carpenter).

NEW YORK - Hatched in Clinton County. (N.Y. Wkly. Rpt., Apr. 21). CONNECTICUT -
No hatch noted. (Savos, Apr. 28). MASSACHUSETTS - Eggs very abundant but
earliest deposited eggs not yet hatched; hatch expected about May 10. (Crop

Pest Contr. Mess.).

SAN JOSE SCALE (Aspidiotus perniciosus) - SOUTH CAROLINA - Problem in McBee area,
Chesterfield County. (Nettles et al., Apr. 27). FLORIDA - Light to moderate in
most peach orchards at Monticello, Jefferson County. (Phillips). MONTANA - About
20 apple and pear trees sprayed on April 19 where pest found in fall of 1964,
(Pratt).

EUROPEAN RED MITE (Panonychus ulmi) - CALIFORNIA - Unusually early appearance;
infesting peach planting in Merced area, Merced County. (V. Stombler). MICHIGAN -
No hatch observed in southwest area to April 28. (Carpenter, Howitt). MARYLAND -
Hatching began April 27 on apples in Hancock area, Washington County. (We WiGls 5
Ent. Dept.). DELAWARE - First newly hatched forms on apples in Sussex County

April 28. (Kelsey). NEW JERSEY - Eggs expected to hatch soon on apple and peach
trees. (Ins.-Dis. Newsltr.). CONNECTICUT - No hatch noted. (Savos, Apr. 28).
MASSACHUSETTS - Hatch occurred about May 1; several days ahead of 1964 date.

(Crop Pest Contr. Mess.).

A FRUIT-TREE MITE (Bryobia rubrioculus) - UTAH - Eggs hatching on fruit trees in
Salt Lake and Utah Counties. (Knowlton) .

AN ERIOPHYID MITE - NEW MEXICO - Mites, possibly Eriophyes pyri (pear leaf blister
mite) , found on apple foliage in orchards near Velarde, Rio Arriba County. (N.M.
Coop. Rpt.).

EASTERN TENT CATERPILLAR (Malacosoma americanum) - CONNECTICUT - Hatched in
Windsor, Hartford County; Haddam, Middlesex County; Danielson, Windham County;
and Storrs, Tolland County. Attacking apple trees. (Savos, Apr. 28).

FRUIT-TREE LEAF ROLLER (Archips argyrospilus) - CONNECTICUT - Larvae easily found
on buds of unsprayed apple trees. (Savos, Apr. 28).

BUD MOTHS - CONNECTICUT - Larvae easily found on developing buds of unsprayed
apple trees in Storrs, Tolland County. (Savos, Apr. 28).

- 446 -

PLANT BUGS - MASSACHUSETTS - Very prevalent and feeding on opening flower buds
of apples and pears; some plantings already badly hit. Feeding injury expected
to continue with predicted high temperatures, (Crop Pest Contr. Mess.).

GREEN JUNE BEETLE (Cotinis nitida) - ARIZONA - Grubs becoming numerous in areas
of fruit trees and ornamentals in Pima and Santa Cruz Counties. (Ariz. Coop.
Sur).

PLUM CURCULIO (Conotrachelus nenuphar) - FLORIDA - Caused heavy damage to isolated
peach trees; first adults collected by jarring on April 2 at Monticello, Jefferson
County. (Phillips). DELAWARE - First adults of season collected from peach in
Kent County April 29. (MacCreary). NEW JERSEY - Surveys at Pitman and Glassboro
negative on April 26 and 29. (Ins.-Dis. Newsltr.).

PEACH TREE BORER (Sanninoidea exitiosa) - UTAH - Causing moderate to severe damage
to peach orchards in "Dixie" area, WaShington County. (Davis). FLORIDA - First
pupa collected April 12; first moth emerged in laboratory April 19. (Fla. Coop.
Sur.).

ORIENTAL FRUIT MOTH (Grapholitha molesta) - COLORADO - Bait traps in Mesa County
peach orchards yielded appreciable numbers. (Anderson, Quist, Bulla).

WHITE PEACH SCALE (Pseudaulacaspis pentagona) - SOUTH CAROLINA - Problem in McBee
area, Chesterfield County. (Nettles et al., Apr. 27). FLORIDA - Light to
moderate in most peach orchards at Monticello, Jefferson County. (Phillips).

GREEN PEACH APHID (Myzus persicae) - COLORADO - Few colonies noted in some Mesa
County peach orchards; peaches at petal-fall stage. (Bulla).

BLACK CHERRY APHID (Myzus cerasi) - NEW YORK - Eggs hatched in Clinton County.
(N.Y. Wkly. Rpt., Apr. 21).

PEAR THRIPS (Taeniothrips inconsequens) - UTAH - Numerous in cherry blossoms at
Springville, Utah County. (Knowlton).

LYGUS BUGS (Lygus spp.) - COLORADO - Moderate to high in various peach orchards
in Mesa County; 60-120 per 100 sweeps. (Bulla).

GRAPE FLEA BEETLE (Altica chalybea) - ALABAMA - Larvae quite common; feeding on
grape leaves on isolated vines throughout State. (McQueen) .

PECAN APHIDS - OKLAHOMA - Monellia costalis (black-margined aphid) moderate on
pecan trees in Stillwater area, Payne County; honeydew present on many leaves.
(Okla. Coop. Sur.). FLORIDA - Monellia spp. light on pecans at Lloyd, Jefferson
County. (Phillips). ALABAMA - Melanocallis caryaefoliae (black pecan aphid)
light on pecans in Russell County. (Glasscock). —

PECAN SPITTLEBUG (Clastoptera achatina) - FLORIDA - Heavy on pecans at Monticello,
Jefferson County. (Phillips).

EUROPEAN FRUIT LECANIUM (Lecanium corni) - OKLAHOMA - Heavy on some pecan trees
in Payne County; some nearby trees uninfested. Eggs present but not hatched.
(Okla. Coop. Sur.).

HICKORY SHUCKWORM (Laspeyresia caryana) - FLORIDA - Peak emergence in rearing
cages occurred in April; number of moths to date about 25 percent of number for
same date in 1964 at Monticello, Jefferson County. (Phillips).

PECAN NUT CASEBEARER (Acrobasis caryae) - ALABAMA - Medium and widespread on
pecans throughout Baldwin County. (Turner). FLORIDA - Light on twigs of
pecans at Monticello, Jefferson County. (Phillips).

- 447 -

MAY BEETLES - GEORGIA - Causing severe defoliation of pecan and oak trees in
Spalding, Pike, Lamar and Upson Counties. (Beckham et al.).

A WEEVIL (Conotrachelus aratus) - FLORIDA - Moderate in small pecan nursery at
Lloyd and Tight in nursery at Monticello, Jefferson County. (Phillips).

A XYELID SAWFLY (Megaxyela langstoni) - ALABAMA - Appeared on pecan foliage in
Mobile County in very light and localized areas similar to infestations in 1964,
(Dillier, Seibels).

A SAWFLY - OKLAHOMA - Light numbers present on pecan trees checked in Payne
County. (Okla. Coop. Sur.).

CITRUS THRIPS (Scirtothrips citri) - ARIZONA - Continues to increase in citrus
groves in Yuma and Maricopa Counties; control efforts increased. (Ariz. Coop.
Sur.).

COCCIDS - CALIFORNIA - Aonidiella aurantii (California red scale) medium on
lemon trees locally in Lindsay, Tulare County, and locally heavy on citrus in
Yuba City, Sutter County. Aonidiella citrina (yellow scale) and Coccus pseudo-
magnoliarum (citricola scale) also locally heavy on citrus at Yuba City. (Cal.
Coop. Rpt.).

SPIREA APHID (Aphis spiraecola) - ARIZONA - Light on citrus in Deer Valley and
Mesa areas, Maricopa County. (Ariz. Coop. Sur.).

POTATO APHID (Macrosiphum euphorbiae) - CALIFORNIA - Nymphs and adults heavy on
citrus in Yuba City, Sutter County. (Cal. Coop. Rpt.).

TRUCK CROP INSECTS

COLORADO POTATO BEETLE (Leptinotarsa decemlineata) - OKLAHOMA - Heavy on potato
plants in Kay County, moderate in Oklahoma County, and light in Choctaw and
Garvin Counties. (Okla. Coop. Sur.). ALABAMA - Continues light on potatoes in
St. Elmo area, Mobile County. (Dillier, Seibels).

FLEA BEETLES - GEORGIA - Causing heavy damage to tomato plants in Spalding County.
(Dupree).

CUTWORMS - GEORGIA - Destroying newly set tomato plants in Spalding County.
(Minter, Dupree).

POTATO APHID (Macrosiphum euphorbiae) - NEW JERSEY - Survey at 25 sites in
Cumberland, Salem, Gloucester, Burlington, Mercer, Monmouth and Middlesex Counties
revealed smaller number of eggs than in 1964; however, percentage of viable eggs
higher, Counts highest in Mercer, Monmouth and Cumberland Counties, Table

below gives total number of eggs found and percentage which were viable at time

of survey, for last 9 years. (Ins.-Dis. Newsltr.).

Comparison of Total Number of Eggs and Percentage of Viable Eggs

Year 1957 1958 1959 1960 1961 1962 1963 1964 1965
Total No. Eggs 427 226 1522 178 713 411 745 1192 774
Percent Viable 65.6 toys} 4 ab 54.7 74.7 25.2 74.2 78.3 45.6 73.6

POTATO PSYLLID (Paratrioza cockerelli) - COLORADO - None taken in early spring
survey of wild host in Weld County because matrimony—vine late in developing.
(Jenkins) .

- 448 -

LEAF-FOOTED BUG (Leptoglossus phyllopus) - ALABAMA - Adults light on flowering
buds of potatoes in Mobile County. (Dillier, Seibels).

LEAFHOPPERS - ALABAMA - Medium and widespread on potatoes, tomatoes and other truck
crops in Baldwin County. (Turner).

PEPPER MAGGOT (Zonosemata electa) - NORTH CAROLINA - Emerged in laboratory April 22
from pupae collected from peppers July 15, 1964. (Wray, Harris).

AMERICAN GRASSHOPPER (Schistocerca americana) - ALABAMA - Adults light on potatoes
in St. Elmo area, Mobile County. (Dillier, Seibels).

TOMATO RUSSET MITE (Aculus lycopersici) - CALIFORNIA - Heavy on cherry tomato
nursery stock in Saticoy, Ventura County. This is unusually early for such
populations. (Cal. Coop. Rpt.).

SOWBUGS - OKLAHOMA - Damaging tomatoes in home gardens in El Reno area, Canadian
County; numerous in gardens in Oklahoma County. (Okla. Coop. Sur.).

DIAMONDBACK MOTH (Plutella maculipennis) - UTAH - Larvae noted on mustards at St.
John, Tooele County. (Knowlton).

IMPORTED CABBAGEWORM (Pieris rapae) - UTAH - Adults observed in Delta-Oasis area,

Millard County, and at Tooele, Tooele County. (Knowlton).

A FLEA BEETLE (Phyllotreta sp.) - MARYLAND - Adults active on early cabbage plant-—
ings in Harford County. (U. Md., Ent. Dept.).

CABBAGE APHID (Brevicoryne brassicae) - DELAWARE - Common on some newly set
cabbage in New Castle County. (Burbutis) .

GREEN PEACH APHID (Myzus persicae) - DELAWARE - Alates present on young cabbage
in New Castle County. (Burbutis) .

HARLEQUIN BUG (Murgantia histrionica) - GEORGIA - Eggs laid by overwintered
females hatching in Spalding County. (Dupree) .

CABBAGE MAGGOT (Hylemya brassicae) - MASSACHUSETTS - First appearance of eggs in
field noted at Waltham Field Station. (Crop Pest Contr. Mess.).

PEA APHID (Acyrthosiphon pisum) - OKLAHOMA - Moderate to heavy and damaging
legumes in home gardens in Okmulgee County. (Okla. Coop. Sur.).

Second Beet Leafhopper Survey in Desert Areas of Central Arizona
Southeastern California, Southern Nevada and Southern Utah

The following report covers two separate surveys for beet leafhopper (Circulifer
tenellus); one survey made during period March 1-11 and one during period

April 19-22, Report on the earlier survey was delayed pending later observations
to evaluate better the population potential evidenced by continuing rains and
prevailing host plant abundance, Late rains in areas south of the 34th parallel,
particularly in Arizona, have kept host plants green and plentiful. Beet leaf-
hopper population buildups continue and migration to the north may extend into
May. Movement into cultivated districts of southeastern California, southern
Nevada, southern and eastern Utah, and western Colorado is expected to be moderate
to heavy; movement to central Utah is expected to be light to moderate and move-
ment to northern Utah to be light. Summer host plants, such as Russian-thistle
and halogeton, were germinating in some areas and may have a bearing on the move-
ment of beet leafhoppers to croplands, Where such summer hosts are abundant,

the movement to adjacent crops may be reduced in magnitude. (PPC, West. Reg.).

BEET WEBWORM (Loxostege sticticalis) - UTAH - Adults observed at Delta, Millard
County. (Knowlton).

- 449 -

STRAWBERRY ROOT WEEVIL (Brachyrhinus ovatus) - WASHINGTON - Fourth and fifth stage
larvae light to moderate on sugar beet roots growing in field planted to mint last
year. (Cone).

ASPARAGUS BEETLES (Crioceris spp.) - NEW JERSEY - Survey in Cumberland, Salem,
Gloucester, Atlantic, Camden and Burlington Counties indicates relatively low
carryover of C. asparagi (asparagus beetle) and C. duodecimpunctata (spotted
asparagus beetle) although populations were high in some fields. Averages for
the 6 counties during the past 9 years are given below:

Average No. of Beetles per 100 Stalks per Field
1957 1958 1959 1960 1961 1962 1963 1964 1965
C. asparagi 53.3 4,1 27.8 3.7 30.9 WG 7 29.6 41.8 2.8
C. duodedimpunctata 3.8 0.4 0.2 0.0 0.7 0.0 1.4 3.8 1.4
(Ins.-Dis. Newsltr.).

BLACK CUTWORM (Agrotis ipsilon) - DELAWARE - Larvae found with feeding injury
in asparagus in one area of New Castle County. (Burbutis).

SEED-CORN BEETLE (Agonoderus lecontei) - COLORADO - Feeding on strawberry plants
in Washington County. Travis).

RASPBERRY CROWN BORER (Bembecia marginata) - MICHIGAN - Overwintered larvae feed-
ing in research plots in southwestern section, (Howitt, Pshea).

THRIPS - NEW MEXICO - Generally heavy on onions in Dona Ana County. Treatments
applied. (N.M. Coop. Rpt.). TEXAS - Moderate and widespread; damaging blooming

beans in Fort Bend County. (Teetes). Moderate to heavy and causing tomato blooms
to drop in Hidalgo County. (Texas Coop. Rpt., Page). ALABAMA - Causing consider-
able damage to commercial watermelon plantings in Escambia County. (Marable).

VARIEGATED CUTWORM (Peridroma saucia) - ALABAMA - Cutworms, supposedly this species,
heavy and widespread on tomatoes and beans in Baldwin County. (Turner, Seibels,
Dillier).

TOBACCO INSECTS

FLEA BEETLES - GEORGIA - Light to heavy across tobacco-growing areas, (Girardeau,
French).

WIREWORMS - GEORGIA - Light to heavy in tobacco across tobacco belt. (French,
Girardeau).

SOUTHERN MOLE CRICKET (Scapteriscus acletus) - GEORGIA - Light to moderate across
tobacco belt. (French, Girardeau).

HORNWORMS (Protoparce spp.) - GEORGIA - Four moths taken in light trap at Tifton,
Tift County. (Burton) .

- 450 -

COTTON INSECTS

BOLLWORM (Heliothis zea) - ARKANSAS - Extremely heavy egg deposition reported
past 2 weeks dropped to very low level. Unusually low temperatures during past
week may have been very influential in causing decrease. Larvae up to fourth
stage present in most legume fields. (Ark. Ins. Sur.). TEXAS - Eggs and/or
larvae found on bur clover, henbit, bluebonnet, alfalfa, verbena, wild mustard,
Indian paintbrush, corn, sweet peas and evening-primrose in Falls and McLennan
Counties. Heaviest numbers on Indian paintbrushand bluebonnet. Of 54 eggs
collected from Indian paintbrush and bluebonnet and reared to fifth instar, all
determined as H. zea. One H. virescens (tobacco budworm) adult taken in light
trap April 27. In 1964, first H. virescens adult taken in June 11. (Cowan

et al.). Scattered damage reported on cotton terminals in lower Rio Grande
Valley. Averaged 1 larva per 100 terminals in Brazoria County. Eggs moderate
on cotton in Refugio County, light in Brazoria County. (Texas Coop. Rpt.).

PINK BOLLWORM (Pectinophora gossypiella) - ARIZONA - Single moths emerged in test
cages April 26 and 27 at Safford, Graham County. Small number of moths emerged
April 29 in Mesa test area, Maricopa County. (Ariz. Coop. Sur.). TEXAS - Moths
collected in hibernation cages April 19-30 in Falls and McLennan Counties; 19
collected from 3 cages containing green bolls collected November 1964 and placed
on soil surface, and 44 from 3 cages containing green bolls placed on screen 6
inches above soil surface in November 1964, Total of 57 moths emerged in 6 cages
containing 100 pounds of bollie cotton collected from standing stalks in March.
(Cowan et al.). FLORIDA - Collected in wild cotton in Dade, Monroe and Lee
Counties. (PPC South. Reg., Mar. Rpt.).

YELLOW-STRIPED ARMYWORM (Prodenia ornithogalli) -— TEXAS - Occasional larva
noted in cotton in McLennan and Falls Counties. (Cowan et al.).

CUTWORMS - TEXAS - Damaging stands of cotton in Aransas and Bee Counties. (Deer).

BOLL WEEVIL (Anthonomus grandis) - TEXAS - None found in 18 fields of seedling
cotton inspected in McLennan and Falls Counties during past 2 weeks. Total of 14
weevils collected on 12 flight screens installed April 12. Only one collected

on flight screens during entire 1964 season. Three weevils collected on screens
in 1963, 14 in 1962 and 14 in 1961. Considerable activity noted in hibernation
cages during April. (Cowan et al.). Light numbers of overwintered weevils

noted in Houston County. (Teetes).

A WEEVIL (Anthonomus sp.) - ARIZONA - Numerous adults being found in fields of
stub cotton in eastern Yuma County on new plant growth and old bolls on ground.
GvizeNiCoopa Surk ir

COTTON APHID (Aphis gossypii) - ARIZONA - Heavy populations continue to deform
cotton leaves in Gila Valley area, Yuma County. (Ariz. Coop. Sur.). TEXAS -
General but light in Falls and McLennan County area. Light in 15 untreated and
3 systemically treated fields of cotton checked, (Cowan et al.). Light in
26 fields checked in lower Rio Grande Valley. (Deer).

LYGUS BUGS (Lygus spp.) - TEXAS - Occasional specimen noted in 3 fields of
cotton in McLennan and Falls Counties. (Cowan et al.).

COTTON FLEAHOPPER (Psallus seriatus) - TEXAS - Moderate numbers found on croton,
evening-primrose, verbena, Indian paintbrush and bluebonnet in Falls and McLennan
Counties. Adults found in 8 and nymphs in 1 of 15 untreated fields of cotton in
area, with maximum of 2 per 100 linear feet. Adults found in 2 of 3 systemically
treated fields, with maximum of 0.5 per 100 linear feet of row. (Cowan et al.).
Populations in lower Rio Grande Valley continue to increase; most infestations
ranged 10-15 per 100 terminals. Averaged 14 per 100 terminals in Kleberg County
and 20 in Nueces County. Infestations light in Refugio, Bee and Brazoria
Counties. (Texas Coop. Rpt.).

= 451 =

THRIPS - TEXAS - None found in 7 and light numbers found in 8 untreated fields
of cotton in McLennan and Falls Counties. In 3 systemically treated fields,

light numbers found in one and none found in 2 fields. (Cowan et al.). Heavy
infestations noted on cotton in Madison and Houston Counties; light numbers
present in Fort Bend and Brazoria County fields. (Teetes).

SPIDER MITES - TEXAS - Populations light locally in lower Rio Grande Valley and
in Bee County. (Deer).

FOREST, ORNAMENTAL AND SHADE TREE INSECTS

CONIFER APHIDS (Cinara spp.) - FLORIDA - C. carolina severely damaged leaves of
Pinus taedae at Gainesville, Alachua County. (Langdon, Apr. 13). C. longispinosa
adults and nymphs light on stem and leaves of P. glabra at Starke, Bradford
County. (Collins, Apr. 20). NEW YORK - C. strobi (white-pine aphid) found in
Scotch pine Christmas trees at Martville, Cayuga County. (N.Y. Wkly. Rpt., Apr. 26).
Mezba) - C. edulis heavy on pinyon pines at West Denver. (Denver Spraymen's
Assoc

APHIDS - NEW YORK —- Schizolachnus piniradiatae found on Scotch pine Christmas
trees at Martville, Cayuga County. (N.Y. Wkly. Rpt., Apr. 20). VERMONT - Con-
trols for gall aphids on spruce urged as terminal growth begins. (MacCollom,
Apr. 28).

PINE BARK APHID (Pineus strobi) - NORTH CAROLINA - Adults and newly hatched craw-
lers noted on about 12 white pines in Vance County. (Simmons).

PINE NEEDLE SCALE (Phenacaspis pinifoliae) - OHIO - Heavy on pine at Batavia,
Clermont County. (Ruoff, Holdsworth). NEW YORK - Overwintered eggs heavy on
Scotch pine Christmas trees at Martville, Cayuga County. Adults of Chilocorus
stigma (twice-stabbed lady beetle) feeding actively on eggs. (N.Y. Wkly. Rpt.,
Apr. Apr. 20). CONNECTICUT - Infestation found at Ellington, Tolland County.
(Savos, Apr. 28).

A MEALYBUG (Dysmicoccus ryani) - CALIFORNIA - Medium on cypress trees in Torrey
Pines Experimental Station,San Diego County. (Cal. Coop. Rpt.).

EUROPEAN PINE SHOOT MOTH (Rhyacionia buoliana) —- MICHIGAN - Sampling April 28 in
Livingston County plantation Showed 100 percent winter survival of larvae; 10
percent of early instars left overwintering hibernaculae by that date. (Newman).

A LEAF ROLLER MOTH (Choristoneura lambertiana) - COLORADO - Hatching; early
instars destroying new foliage of pines in Larimer County. (Barg).

SILVER-SPOTTED TIGER MOTH (Halisidota argentata) - CALIFORNIA - Damaging numbers
on Douglas-fir in Titus Ridge in Happy Camp area of Klamath National Forest;
defoliation quite obvious. (J. Alden, USFS).

JUNIPER WEBWORM (Dichomeris marginella) — NORTH CAROLINA - Infested juniper at
Wake County home. Robertson

SARATOGA SPITTLEBUG (Aphrophora saratogensis) - FLORIDA - Adults taken in sweep-
ings on mixed vegetation including ferns in highly disturbed pine-oak area in
Gainesville, Alachua County. (Mead, Apr. 27). This is the first report this
season. (Fla. Coop. Sur.).

CECIDOMYIID MIDGES (Retinodiplosis spp.) - CONNECTICUT - Noted on white pine in
Springdale, Fairfield County. (Savos, Apr. 28).

WHITE-PINE WEEVIL (Pissodes strobi) - VERMONT - Treatment of terminals of pine
and spruce urged. (MacCollom, Apr. 28).

= 452 -

AN ENGRAVER BEETLE (Ips grandicollis) - INDIANA - This species and its frequent
associate, Corticeus parallelus (a darkling beetle), infested approximately one
acre of red pine trees near Dale, Spencer County. (Schuder).

SPRUCE SPIDER MITE (Oligonychus ununguis) - NEW YORK - Eggs about ready to hatch
in Ithaca area, Tompkins County. (N.Y. Wkly. Rpt., Apr. 26).

A SPRUCE NEEDLE MINER - OHIO - Heavy but spotty infestation noted in block of 500
Norway spruce in Lake County. (Walker).

EASTERN TENT CATERPILLAR (Malacosoma americanum) -— MARYLAND - Tents becoming
noticeable on wild cherry and other Prunus spp. in several counties. (U. Md.,
Ent. Dept.). OHIO — Small larvae noted on wild black cherry at Tar Hollow

State Park, Ross County. One 4-foot branch with 6 egg masses. (Rose). INDIANA -
Heavy in localized areas throughout southern one-third of State; larval migrations
noted in several areas of Floyd County. (Saugstad). ILLINOIS - Varied light to
heavy in southern half of State. (I11l. Ins. Rpt.). OKLAHOMA - Continues
defoliating wild plum and related trees over wide area. (Okla. Coop. Sur.).

FOREST TENT CATERPILLAR (Malacosoma disstria) - TEXAS - Light to moderate popula-—
tions widespread and attacking shade trees in Tarrant County; larvae in third or
fourth stage. (Turney). OKLAHOMA - Noted in Payne County; first report this
year. (Okla. Coop. Sur.).

GREAT BASIN TENT CATERPILLAR (Malacosoma fragile) - NEVADA - Young larvae present
on desert peach in Douglas County. (Rivers). UTAH — Defoliating some cottonwood
trees in Santa Clara area; present at Leeds and Hurricane, Washington County.
(Davis).

TENT CATERPILLARS (Malacosoma spp.) - MONTANA - Eggs numerous in Yellowstone
County; few hatched. More eggs on ash than on apples. (Pratt).

BROWN-TAIL MOTH (Nygmia phaeorrhoea) - MAINE - Infestation of 200-250 winter
webs found on 2 acres at Acton, York County. (PPC East. Reg., Mar. Rpt.).

NEW HAMPSHIRE - Total of 609 winter webs destroyed in southern portion of State.
(PPC East. Reg., Mar. Rpt.).

GYPSY MOTH (Porthetria dispar) - CONNECTICUT - Eggs hatched on south side of
white oak trunk; larvae 1-2 days old. (Sachsenmaier, Apr. 30).

CANKERWORMS - MICHIGAN - Egg masses common on shrubs and trees in Livingston
County; none hatched by: April 28. Males of Alsophila pometaria (fall cankerworm)
and Paleacrita vernata (spring cankerworm) taken in reduced numbers in blacklight
trap in Livingston County since April 25. (Newman).

ELM LEAF BEETLE (Galerucella xanthomelaena) - OKLAHOMA -— Hatched in Payne County;
feeding on elms. Adults and eggs present on elms in Woodward, Oklahoma and
Okmulgee Counties. (Okla. Coop. Sur.). UTAH - Actively feeding at St. George,
Washington County. (Davis).

MAY BEETLES (Phyllophaga spp.) -— ARKANSAS - Active for 7-10 days; effects of
feeding noted on oak trees in Drew County. Large numbers reported in Faulkner
County” (Arkeins. sure).

TWIG PRUNER (Elaphidion villosum) - OKLAHOMA - Adults active and damaging oaks
in Le Flore County; first report of activity this year. (Okla. Coop. Sur.).

GIANT BARK APHID (Longistigma caryae) - NORTH CAROLINA - Numerous on pin oaks
in Cabarrus County. (Robertson).

A MARGARODID SCALE (Stomacoccus platani) -— CALIFORNIA - Eggs, larvae and pupae
heavy on sycamore trees in Gilroy, Santa Clara County. (Cal. Coop. Rpt.).

=A Si

CARPENTER BEES (Xylocopa spp.) - ARIZONA - Becoming numerous in yards and around
trees in Phoenix area, Maricopa County. (Ariz. Coop. Sur.).

A SAWFLY - OKLAHOMA - Larvae damaging pin oaks in Stillwater area, Payne County.
(Okla. Coop. Sur.).

APHIDS - MARYLAND - Macrosiphum rosae (rose aphid) building up on roses at
several locations in Montgomery and Prince Georges Counties and Macrosiphoniella
sanbornii (chrysanthemum aphid) noted on foundation planting of chrysanthemums

at Carrollton, Prince Georges County. (U. Md., Ent. Dept.). GEORGIA -
Unspecified species heavy on roses in Tift County. (Hamm). FLORIDA - Adults of
Aphis spiraecola (spirea aphid) infested 90 percent’ of plants of Jasminum
ilicifolium and Viburnum suspensum and A. nerii (oleander aphid) infested all of
250 oleander plants in nursery at Boynton Beach, Palm Beach County. (Mullikin,
Long, Apr. 9). Adults of Rhopalosiphum nymphaeae (waterlily aphid) moderately
damaged leaves of Dieffenbachia amoena in nursery at Davie, Broward County.
(Shirah, Apr. 19). Myzus persicae (green peach aphid) adults severely damaged
stem and leaves of snapdragons at Tampa, Hillsborough County, (Hale, Apr. 16),

and severely damaged leaves of aralia in nursery at Goulds, Dade County, (Knowles,
Apr. 26). All stages of Cerataphis variabilis moderately damaged leaves of
Veitchia merrillii in nursery at Miami, Dade County. (Herrmann, Apr. 8).

OKLAHOMA - Heavy populationsof several species continue to damage ornamental
flowering plants and shrubs throughout State; becoming common on ornamental trees.
Noted on elms and pin oaks in Payne County and on sycamores in Okfuskee County.
(Okla. Coop. Sur.). ARKANSAS - Various species heavy on wide variety of plants
statewide; large numbers on oak leaves and on wide variety of ornamental shrubs.
Situation expected to subside as temperature rises. (Ark. Ins. Sur.). WISCONSIN -
Newly hatched nymphs of Capitophorus elaeagni feeding on opening buds of Russian-
olive at Madison; 10-20 nymphs on nearly every bud. Adults of Adalia bipunctata
(two-spotted lady beetle) feeding on C. elaeagni. Eggs of Anuraphis viburnicola
(snowball aphid) hatched April 26; feeding on opening buds noted. This occurred
April 17 in 1964 and April 12 in 1963. (Wis. Ins. Sur.). UTAH - Nymphs of
unspecified species present on rose bushes at Brigham City, Box Elder County
(April 26); present on rose, spirea and some other ornamental shrubs in Salt Lake
City, Salt Lake County, and parts of Utah County (Apr. 27). (Knowlton).

NEW MEXICO - Unspecified species heavy on tulips and iris plants in home plantings
at Albuquerque, Bernalillo County. (N.M. Coop. Rpt.). CALIFORNIA - Prociphilus sp.,
probably fraxinifolii, nymphs and adults heavy on ash tree nursery stock in
Merced and Atwater, Merced County. Amphorophora nervata medium on Heteromeles
arbutifolia and Arbutus unedo trees in Fresno and Selma, Fresno County. (Cal.
Coop. Rpt.). OREGON - Aphis abietina (spruce aphid) light to moderate on
ornamental spruces in Portland, Multnomah County; damage in 1965 expected to be
less than in past 2 years. (Orr, USFS).

COOLEY SPRUCE GALL APHID (Chermes cooleyi) - OREGON - Light to heavy on Douglas-
fir in parts of Portland and surrounding areas. Some premature needle drop may
occur. (Orr, USFS).

COCCIDS - CONNECTICUT - Toumeyella liriodendri (tuliptree scale) noted in Derby,
New Haven County. (Savos, Apr. 28). NEW YORK - Unaspis euonymi (euonymus scale)
heavy on pachysandra in Nassau County. (N.Y. Wkly. Rpt., Apr. 26). FLORIDA -
Adults of Pseudococcus adonidum (long-tailed mealybug) moderately damaged stem

and leaves of Salvia sp. in nursery at Punta Gorda, Charlotte County. (Nelson,
Apr. 16). This is new host record for Florida Division of Plant Industry. (Fla.
Coop. Sur.). All stages of Howardia biclavis (mining scale) moderately damaging

stem of gardenia in nursery at Tampa, Hillsborough County. (Fuller, Apr. 20).
Aspidiotus hederae (oleander scale) severely damaged leaves of Cycas revoluta

in nursery at St. Petersburg, Pinellas County. (Bingaman, Barber, Apr. 13).

A. cyanophylli severe on leaves of Florida iris at Miami, Dade County, (Herrmann,
Mar. 24); this is a new host record for Florida Division of Plant Industry.

(Fla. Coop. Sur.). OKLAHOMA - Dactylopius sp. (a dactylopiid scale) heavy and
damaging ornamental cactus in Woodward County. (Okla. Coop. Sur.). CALIFORNIA -
A. cyanophylli medium on cactus nursery stock in Chula Vista, San Diego County.

- 454 -

Adults of Paratrioza camelliae heavy on camellia nursery stock in Gridely, Butte

County, | (CalsmiGoopm Rpitepr

WHITEFLIES - ALABAMA - Heavy on many ornamentals around homes throughout Geneva
County. (Scott). CALIFORNIA - Medium populations of Bemisia berbericola on
Oregon-grape in Porterville, Tulare County. (Cal. Coop. Rpt.).

A LACE BUG - MARYLAND - Adults appearing on pyracantha at University Park,
Prince Georges County. (U. Md., Ent. Dept.).

VARIEGATED CUTWORM (Peridroma saucia) - OKLAHOMA - Damaging ornamental pin oaks
in Muskogee County. (Okla. Coop. Sur.).

AZALEA LEAF MINER (Gracilaria azaleella) — MARYLAND - Young larvae light on
azaleas at University Park, Prince Georges County. (U. Md., Ent. Dept.).

BOXWOOD LEAF MINER (Monarthropalpus buxi) - SOUTH CAROLINA - Larvae present in
leaves in Greenville County. (Nettles et al., Apr. 27).

A CECIDOMYIID MIDGE (Miastor sp.) — MONTANA - Small larvae found on peonies.
(Pratt).

SPIDER MITES - ALABAMA - Heavy on many ornamentals around homes throughout Geneva
County. (Scott). FLORIDA - Tetranychus telarius (two-spotted spider mite) adults
severely damaged stem, flowers and leaves of marigolds at Tampa, Hillsborough
County. (Hale, Apr. 16). NORTH CAROLINA - Tetranychus sp. infested boxwood in
Caldwell County. (Shaw, Robertson). COLORADO - Tetranychus spp. building up on
junipers in East Denver. (Denver Spraymen's Assoc.). CALIFORNIA - Oligonychus
subnudus light to medium on pine nursery stock in Bonsall, San Diego County.

(Cal. Coop. Rpt.).
ACARID MITES (Rhizoglyphus spp.) - MONTANA - Found on peonies. (Pratt).

MILLIPEDS - ALABAMA - Quite heavy in mulched areas on iris, annual flowers, roses
and other ornamentals in Lee County. (Lemons et al.). MONTANA - Julus spp.
found on peonies. (Pratt).

INSECTS AFFECTING MAN AND ANIMALS

HORN FLY (Haematobia irritans) - GEORGIA - Averaged 46 per animal on 113
untreated Hereford yearlings in Putnam County; averaged 19 per animal on 78
untreated Herefords in Spalding County. (Roberts). ALABAMA - Abundant on
cattle in Wilcox County. (Hardy). ILLINOIS - Averaged 16 per animal in herd in
Jersey County, 20 per animal in herd in Monroe County and 50 per animal in herd
in Jackson County. (Ill. Ins. Rpt). OKLAHOMA - Counts on steers in Payne and
Logan Counties averaged 125 per head; cows in same areas averaged 25 per head.
Averaged 25 per head on steers checked in Garfield County. Moderate to heavy on
cattle in Murray, Garvin, Stephens, Cotton and Cleveland Counties. (Okla. Coop.
Sureyr

FACE FLY (Musca autumnalis) - NEBRASKA - Activity increasing on cattle in south-
eastern counties. (Roselle). ILLINOIS - Averaged 0.5 per face in one herd in
Jersey County and zero in 2 herds in Jackson and Monroe Counties. (Ill. Ins.
Rpt.). OHIO - Total of 7 observed on 60-70 dairy cattle in pens at Wooster,
Wayne County. (Miller).

HOUSE FLY (Musca domestica) - NORTH DAKOTA - Low numbers appeared around buildings
in Cass County. (Noetzel). UTAH - Present about farms in Delta-Deseret area,
Millard County. (Knowlton).

HORSE FLIES (Tabanus spp.) - OKLAHOMA - Heavy on cattle in Okmulgee County;
moderate in Choctaw County. (Okla. Coop. Sur.).

- 455 =

CATTLE GRUBS (Hypoderma spp.) - UTAH - Control in Cache County included
approximately 7,000 beef and 10,000 dairy cattle; largely treated with rotenone
dust. (Tueller, Knowlton). OKLAHOMA - Adults of H. lineatum (common cattle grub)
moderate to heavy on and around cattle in Stephens, Bryan, Cleveland and Haskell
Counties. (Okla. Coop. Sur.).

MOSQUITOES - ALABAMA — Emergence of Culex pipiens quinquefasciatus (southern
house mosquito) heavy; adults common near homes in Lee County. (McQueen).
NEVADA - Aedes dorsalis adults medium to heavy in Stillwater, Churchill County

(Bechtel, Martinelli).

CATTLE LICE - ALABAMA - Continue heavy on cattle in Sumter and Morgan Counties.
(Story, Rutledge). GEORGIA - Solenopotes capillatus averaged 3 per animal on

113 animals in Putnam County. (Roberts). OKLAHOMA - Several species remain heavy
on cattle in Comanche, Cotton, Ottawa and Noble Counties; moderate in Stephens,
Bryan and Haskell Counties. (Okla. Coop. Sur.). UTAH - Linognathus vituli
(long=nosed cattle louse) and Haematopinus eurysternus (short-nosed cattle louse)
ranged moderate to heavy on cattle on ranch at Huntsville, Weber County. (Boyer,
Knowlton).

HOG LOUSE (Haematopinus suis) - OKLAHOMA - Heavy on hogs checked in Osage County.
(Okla. Coop. Sur.).

POULTRY BUG (Haematosiphon inodorus) - ARIZONA - Infestation found in Prescott
area of Yavapai County. (Ariz. Coop. Sur.).

BED BUG (Cimex lectularius) - OKLAHOMA - Heavy in home in McCurtain County.
(Okla. Coop. Sur.

BLOODSUCKING CONENOSE (Triatoma sanguisuga) - OKLAHOMA - Taken in bedroom of
home in Pawhuska, Osage County. (Okla. Coop. Sur.).

TROPICAL RAT MITE (Ornithonyssus bacoti) - CALIFORNIA - Light on human in Fresno,
Fresno County. (Cal. Coop. Rpt.).

TICKS - NEW JERSEY - Dermacentor variabilis (American dog tick) quite active.
(Ins.-Dis. Newsltr.). DELAWARE - D. variabilis adults collected. (MacCreary,
Heuberger). TEXAS - Amblyomma americanum (lone star tick) heavy on cattle in
Bowie County. (Lynch). OKLAHOMA — A. americanum heavy on cattle in Haskell
County, moderate in Adair County and light in Bryan County. (Okla. Coop. Sur.).
UTAH - Unspecified ticks noted on man in Tooele area of Tooele County and on
horse at Delta, Millard County. (Knowlton).

HOUSEHOLD AND STRUCTURAL INSECTS

CLOVER MITE (Bryobia praetiosa) - UTAH - Conspicuous in homes in Nephi, Juab
County; Salt Lake City, Salt Lake County; Ogden, Weber County; and in Boxelder
and Cache Counties. (Knowlton, Burningham, Apr. 26). Entering few homes in
Delta and Fillmore areas, Millard County, and Tooele-Erda area, Tooele County,
and many additional homes in Salt Lake and Cache Counties. (Knowlton).
NEBRASKA - Entering homes in eastern part of State. (Rhine). MARYLAND -
Entering homes in Harford County. (U. Md., Ent. Dept.). DELAWARE - Numerous
new infestations in homes in New Castle County. (Burbutis). NEW JERSEY -
Active. (Ins.-Dis. Newsltr.). VERMONT - Inquiries received from householders.
(MacCollom, Apr. 28).

BOXELDER BUG (Leptocoris trivittatus) - NORTH DAKOTA - Adults troublesome in and

around homes in southern areas of State. (Frye). WISCONSIN - Troublesome around
houses in Sauk and Chippewa Counties. (Wis. Ins. Sur.).

COCKROACHES - NORTH CAROLINA - Periplaneta americana (American cockroach)
infested kitchen and closet enclosing leaking hot water heater in home in Iredell

= 456 -

County. (Robertson). UTAH - Several species, mostly Blatta orientalis
(oriental cockroach) and Supella supellectilium (brown-banded cockroach), infesting
homes in Salt Lake County. (Knowlton, Burningham, Apr. 26).

CLUSTER FLY (Pollenia rudis) - VERMONT - Inquiries received from householders.
(MacCollom, Apr. 28).

A MIDGE (Chironomus sp.) - COLORADO - Abundant in northeast residential district
of Fort Collins, Larimer County. (Thatcher, Daniels, Vogt).

SILVERFISH - CONNECTICUT - Problem in homes in Waterford, New London County, and
Storrs, Tolland County. (Savos, Apr. 28).

A DARKLING BEETLE - NEW MEXICO - Annoying and entering homes in Albuquerque area,
Bernalillo County. (N.M. Coop. Rpt.).

SAW-TOOTHED GRAIN BEETLE (Oryzaephilus surinamensis) - NEVADA - Heavy in home
kitchen in Reno, Washoe County. (Uriarte).

BROWN SPIDER BEETLE (Ptinus clavipes) - CALIFORNIA - Medium numbers entering
residence in Bakersfield, Kern County. (Cal. Coop. Rpt.).

BUMBLE FLOWER BEETLE (Euphoria inda) - COLORADO - Nuisance in home in Garfield
County. (Cogburn).

ELM LEAF BEETLE (Galerucella xanthomelaena) - VERMONT - Causing concern to
householders. (MacCollum, Apr. 28).

VEGETABLE WEEVIL (Listroderes costirostris obliquus) - CALIFORNIA - Adults
entering residences in Encinitas and Vista, San Diego County. (Cal. Coop. Rpt.).

SUBTERRANEAN TERMITES (Reticulitermes spp.) — MARYLAND - Swarms reported in

Anne Arundel and Prince Georges Counties and in Baltimore. (U. Md., Ent. Dept.).
NORTH CAROLINA - R. virginicus swarmed in home about April 27 in Cleveland
County. Det. by C. G. Wright. (Dameron). NEVADA - R. hesperus (western
subterranean termite) heavy in 3 adjacent new homes in Reno, Washoe County.
(Lauderdale). CALIFORNIA - Winged forms, principally R. hesperus, quite
prevalent. (Cal. Coop. Rpt.). ae

TERMITES - TEXAS - Swarms causing concern to residents of Denton County.
(Turney). NEW JERSEY - Active. (Ins.-Dis. Newsltr.).

CARPET BEETLES - ALABAMA - Adults of Anthrenus scrophulariae (carpet beetle)
numerous on annuals, especially daisies and wild asters throughout State; enter-
ing homes with cut flowers. (McQueen). NORTH CAROLINA - Attagenus piceus (black
carpet beetle) infested home in Wake County. (Wray).

A CERAMBYCID BEETLE (Euderces pini) - NORTH CAROLINA - Noted on cane furniture
in screened porch of Wake County home. (Wray)

A POWDER-POST BEETLE (Lyctus africanus) - CALIFORNIA - Medium in bamboo drapes
in residence in Vista, San Diego County. (CallaCoop, Rpt

ASH BORER (Podosesia syringae fraxini) - OHIO - Found in homes in Wyandot and
Hancock Counties. (Freeman, Courtright, Holdsworth).
STORED-PRODUCT INSECTS

A FALSE POWDER-POST BEETLE (Prostephanus truncatus) -— TEXAS - Heavy locally,
damaging stored ear corn in Austin County. (Krampitz).

= 457 =

DARK MEALWORM (Tenebrio obscurus) -— NEVADA - Light in seed store in Gardnerville,
Douglas County. Rivers).

Stored-Product Insects in Ohio —- Numerous specimens of YELLOW MEALWORM (Tenebrio
molitor), CADELLE (Tenebroides mauritanicus), CONFUSED FLOUR BEETLE (Tribolium
confusum), FLAT GRAIN BEETLE (Cryptolestes pusillus), and SILVERFISH (Lepisma
saccharina) collected under old burlap sacks in baSement of grain elevator in
Putnam County. (Rose).

BENEFICIAL INSECTS

LADY BEETLES - NEW YORK - Chilocorus stigma (twice-stabbed lady beetle) feeding
on overwintering eggs of Phenacaspis pinifoliae (pine needle scale) in severe
infestation of Scotch pine Christmas trees at Martville, Cayuga County. (N.Y.
Wkly. Rpt., Apr. 23). ILLINOIS - Adults, mainly Hippodamia convergens (convergent
lady beetle) and a similiar species, varied 10-70 (average about 20) and larvae
ranged 0-40 (average about 9) per 100 sweeps in clover and alfalfa in southern
area, (Ill. Ins. Rpt.). WISCONSIN - Adalia bipunctata (two-spotted lady beetle)
adults feeding on nymphs cf Capitophorus elaeagni (an aphid) infesting opening
buds of Russian-olive at Madison, Dane County. (Wis. Ins. Sur.). FLORIDA -

H. convergens adults taken in low numbers on rye (April 20), yellow lupine and
alfalfa (April 28). (Fla. Coop. Sur.). ALABAMA - H. convergens heavy on potatoes
in Mobile County; feeding heavily on aphids in clover and vetch as well as in
other areas where aphids occur. Pupation underway; first-generation adults

quite common. (Dillier, Seibels, et al.). ARKANSAS - Counts of various species
very low; eggs becoming more numerous and larvae expected to increase, especially
on plants with heavy aphid populations, (Ark. Ins. Sur.). TEXAS - Populations
of unspecified species generally heavy and increasing in panhandle aréa.

(Daniels, Apr. 27). WYOMING — Adults of several species averaged 13 per 100
sweeps of alfalfa in Goshen, Platte, and Laramie Counties. (Marks). NEVADA -
Several species, mainly Hippodamia quinquesignata, increasing in alfalfa

infested with Acyrthosiphon pisum (pea aphid) in Churchill and Pershing Counties.
(Bechtel, Ferraro, Martinelli, York).

A PREDACEOUS OSTOMID BEETLE (Temnochila virescens) - DELAWARE - One specimen
collected in home in Bridgeville, Sussex County, April 26 by F. Boys. Det. by
W. A. Connell. This is a new State record. (Burbutis).

GREEN LACEWINGS (Chrysopa spp.) - ALABAMA - Adults and larvae of C. oculata
(golden-eye lacewing) quite common throughout State wherever aphids occur.
Numerous in wheat in Mobile County. (Dillier, Seibels et al.). ARKANSAS -
Chrysopa spp. increasing slightly. (Ark. Ins. Sur.).

DAMSEL BUGS (Nabis spp.) - ILLINOIS - Varied 0-30 (average 8) per 100 sweeps in
clover and alfalfa in southern half of State. (I11. Ins. Rpt.).

A FLOWER BUG (Orius insidiosus) - ARKANSAS - Numbers increasing slightly. (Ark.
Ins. Sur.). FLORIDA - Collections as follows: 30 adults per 100 sweeps of
rye April 20; 10-15 adults per 50 sweeps of oats, 13 adults per 50 sweeps of
yellow lupine and more than 90 per 100 sweeps of alfalfa, all on April 28.

Gila Coopa Sure rr

A TACHINA FLY (Winthemia quadripustulata) - ALABAMA - Approximately 40 percent
of Pseudaletia unipuncta (armyworm) larvae examined in St. Elmo area of Mobile
County, contained eggs, probably of W. quadripustulata. (Dillier, Seibels).

SYRPHID FLIES —- ARKANSAS - Generally ranged 20-40 per 100 sweeps in legumes.
Girke sinsmasurkp ir

AN ICHNEUMON (Stilpnus anthomyidiperda) - CALIFORNIA - Found parasitizing pupae
of Fannia canicularis (little house fly) in poultry house. Present parasitism
of F. canicularis pupae in Moorpark, Ventura County, ranges 30-54 percent.

— 458 -

Occurred in Orange, San Bernardino and Santa Barbara Counties during 1964,
Collected by Dr. A. S. Deal and C. McCoy. Det. by L. M. Walkely. This is a
new State record. (A. S. Deal).

PARASITIC WASPS - NEVADA - Aphidius spp. increasing in alfalfa infested with
Acyrthosiphon pisum (pea aphid) in Churchill and Pershing Counties. (Bechtel,
Ferraro, Martinelli, York). ARKANSAS - Unspecified species rather inactive;
probably due to cool weather. Numbers expected to increase and become important
in reducing aphid infestations when temperatures rise. (Ark. Ins. Sur.).

MISCELLANEOUS INSECTS

IMPORTED FIRE ANT (Solenopsis saevissima richteri) - ARKANSAS - Mounds found in
Quachita County, probably extension of infestation in Union County. Ouachita is
a new county record. (Ark. Ins. Sur.). TEXAS - Treatment completed at Brooks
Air Force Base at San Antonio, Bexar County, and in large block in Harris
County. (PPC South. Reg., Mar. Rpt.).

PAVEMENT ANT (Tetramorium caespitum) - CONNECTICUT - Found in New Haven and
Branford, New Haven County. (Savos, Apr. 28).

WHITE-FRINGED BEETLES (Graphognathus spp.) - MISSISSIPPI —- Collected for first
time in Panola County. (PPC South. Reg., Mar. Rpt.).

A CUBAN MAY BEETLE (Phyllophaga bruneri) - FLORIDA - Larvae, pupae and adults taken
in soil samples, 8-12 inches deep, at Miami, Dade County. (Habeck, Apr. 20).
Adult stage most numerous and emergence from soil was imminent. (Fla. Coop. Sur.).

MOURNING-CLOAK BUTTERFLY (Nymphalis antiopa) - UTAH - Fairly numerous in Delta-
Oasis area, Millard County, and at Tooele, Tooele County. (Knowlton, Apr. 27).

EUROPEAN EARWIG (Forficula auricularia) - NEVADA -— Early instar nymphs present
in Reno and Sparks, Washoe County. (Coop. Rpt.).
CORRECTIONS

CEIR 15(6):78 - First paragraph: A TARO LEAFHOPPER (Tarophagus prosperpina)
should read Tarophagus proserpina.

CEIR 15(16):333 - DETECTION - Line 8 - Washoe County, Nevada, should read Nye
County, Nevada.

CEIR 15(16):356 - Highlights: Paragraph 2, line 9 - ...first time in Nevada,
should read ...first time in Lyon and Pershing Counties, Nevada.
CEIR 15(16):370 - Paragraph 4, line 2: ...Washoe County, Nevada, should read

Nye County, Nevada.

ADDITIONAL NOTES

PENNSYLVANIA - Small larvae of ALFALFA WEEVIL (Hypera postica) found in Bedford
County; present but not very abundant in Westmoreland County. (Udine). Few
noted in Jefferson and Clearfield Counties April 28; easier to find in Butler
and Beaver Counties April 27. (Adams). No egg laying observed although females
dissected contained eggs. Larvae very small and seem slow in developing due to
cool nights. Warm weather may cause rapid development. MEADOW SPITTLEBUG
(Philaenus spumarius) eggs hatching, but not numerous, on alfalfa in Bedford

and Westmoreland Counties. (Udine). Adult IMPORTED CABBAGEWORM (Pieris rapae)
and Papilio glaucus observed in small numbers in Snyder County. (Gesell).
EUONYMUS SCALE (Unaspis euonymi) heavy on pachysandra at Bethel Park, Allegheny

= 459) —

County. (Keeler). PINE BARK APHID (Pineus strobi) laying eggs on red pine at
University Park, Centre County. (Udine). A SPIDER MITE (Eurytetranychus buxi)
heavy on underside of boxwood leaves in Chester County. Det. by J. R. Snetsinger.
(Snetsinger). CLOVER MITE (Bryobia praetiosa) numerous in home in Everett,
Bedford County, and Kittanning, Armstrong County. (Udine, Adams). LITTLE HOUSE
FLY (Fannia canicularis) troublesome in poultry house and 2 homes in Beaver
County. (Adams). MASKED HUNTER (Reduvius personatus) bit human in home in
Bradford County. (Gesell). BRACONIDS (probably Aphidius spp.) parasitizing 70
percent of Acyrthosiphon pisum (pea aphid) in alfalfa in Bedford County. (Udine).

(weather continued from page 438)

northwest Kansas stations. Weekly average temperatures were below normal from
Texas to New England. Strong warming began in the northern Great Plains on
Thursday and continued. Sioux City, Iowa, reported 90° or higher on Friday,
Saturday, and Sunday. Maximums in the 80's and 90's were common from Colorado
to Pennsylvania over the weekend. Minneapolis, Minnesota, averaged several
degrees warmer than Jackson, Mississippi, on May 2. Weekly average temperatures
over the northern Great Plains were 3° to 7° above normal. Temperatures west

of the Rockies also averaged above normal, except in the extreme Northwest.

PRECIPITATION: Areas receiving little or no rain include most of California,
southern Nevada, western Utah, and Arizona, Much of New Mexico and western
Colorado received good rains but the area from Oklahoma and the Texas Panhandle
northward through South Dakota had a very dry week, While most of the area from
east Texas eastward to the Atlantic and north to New England received light to
moderate rains early in the week, these quickly subsided. Sporadic rains con-
tinued in a band from Washington and Oregon to New England but amounts were light
in many areas, The critically dry area from New Jersey to Albany, New York,

and to Connecticut received up to an inch of rain during the week, (Summary
supplied by U.S. Weather Bureau).

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- 461 -

STATUS OF THE SCREW-WORM (Cochliomyia hominivorax) IN THE SOUTHWEST

During the period April 25 - May 1, a total of 3 screw-worm cases was reported in the
Southwestern Eradication Area; one case each in Jim Hogg, Brooks and Edwards Counties,
TEXAS. Four cases were reported in Cochise County and one case in Santa Cruz County,
ARIZONA. The Republic of Mexico reported 118 cases: Sonora 66, Chihuahua 5, Coahuila 4,
Nuevo Leon 1, Tamaulipas 17, Durango 16, Veracruz 6, San Luis Potosi 2, Zacatecas 1.
Sterile screw-worm flies released during the period: Texas 5,306,250, Arizona 1,200,000,
Mexico 71,190,000.

Ratio of Positive Cases
Positive Cases Negative Cases to 100 Cases Negative

Year Current Cumulative Current Cumulative Current Cumulative

Table 1. Comparison of specimens reported during corresponding weeks in
1963 and 1964 in Southwestern Eradication Area,

1963 100 650 316 2,137 31.64 30.41
1964 7 37 401 2,272 1.74 1,62
1965 3 23 228 1,498 1.31 1.53

Table 2. Comparison of specimens reported during corresponding weeks and
in a corresponding area in 1964 in the United States-Mexico
Barrier Zone, *

1964 28 286 91 515 30.76 55.53
1965 96 898 56 599 171.42 A ORO:

Table 2A, Mexican portion of Barrier Zone only.

1964 26 258 12 128 216.66 201.56
1965 93 879 36 325 258.33 270.46

* Barrier Zone - Area in which screw-worm eradication operations are being
carried out in an effort to prevent establishment of self-sustaining screw-
worm population in the United States, (Anim. Dis, Erad. Div.).

Figures - Number of cases reported SG i
in infested counties for ~%’
period April 25 - May 1

Douonoogoo8 Linear drop along river
valleys

= 462 -
(Hel evil, ata >)

Survey of Bollworm (tet+ethis—zea) Infestations in
Soybeans in Arkansas, 1960-1964

By W. P. Boyer, Survey Entomologist
University of Arkansas

Soybean acreage in Arkansas has increased rapidly during the past several years.
In 1964, 2,981,000 acres were harvested for beans, This was more than double
the acreage of any other crop in the State.

For many years economic infestations of insects in soybeans in Arkansas were of
minor importance. With soybeans becoming a major crop, it was important that
insect survey be conducted to determine whether or not insect problems were
developing and, if so, what species were included,

In addition to the work of the Survey Entomologist, survey was conducted by

Dr. F. D. Miner, primarily on species of stink bugs, B. A. Dumas, Research Assis-
tant, and a commercial insect scout assigned annually to a large acreage of
soybeans. The Survey Entomologist concentrated on bollworm,

Bollworm infestations in soybeans in previous years had been of little consequence
except for an outbreak in northeast Arkansas in 1952. In 1960 and 1961, infesta-
tions were relatively light and scattered, although it was estimated that the
acreage treated for the pest increased from one percent of the total acreage in
1960 to 4 percent in 1961,

Intensive surveys were conducted weekly in some 20-40 fields throughout the
season in east central and southeast Arkansas in 1962, In 1963 and 1964, inter-
mittent surveys were conducted in these and other areas of the State. During
early 1962, surveys were conducted by making 100 sweeps with the standard 15-inch
sweep net. Subsequent surveys were by the plant-shaking method as described by
Boyer and Dumas, CEIR, Vol. 13(6):91-92, February 8, 1963. Survey has been
inadequate to answer many questions. However, it has pointed out several impor-
tant factors and provided a basis for further survey and for research work.

The tobacco budworm (Heliothis virescens) thus far is of little importance.
Heliothis determinations in 1952 Showed that 3.3 percent were H. virescens.
Determinations in 1962-64 were 995 H. zea and only one H. virescens.

Important factors investigated include seasonal occurrence of infestations,
varieties of soybeans infested, stage of fruiting of the variety when infested
and proximity of infested soybeans to cotton.

Bollworm often occurs as a foliage feeder in soybeans prior to pod set, Young
soybeans planted late may have bollworm and other caterpillars present while
early planted young beans are free of such pests. This is thought to be due to
migration of predators into early beans from maturing spring hosts with the
migration being completed before late beans appear. These infestations have
been noneconomic.

The remainder of this article refers to bollworm as a pod feeder. In 1962,
infestations were heavy in central and southeast Arkansas where bollworm was
heavy in cotton, The same was generally true in 1963, although the acreage
infested was double that of 1962, In 1964, infestations were nearly statewide
and included areas in northeast Arkansas where bollworm is traditionally light
in cotton as it was in 1964, Infestations were somewhat lighter in extreme
eastern Arkansas in 1964 than they were in the areas immediately west.

A marked difference occurs in infestations in different varieties based on time
of fruiting. Four varieties, listed by order of maturity from early to late,
are representative of the groups of varieties. They are Hill, Hood, Lee and

- 463 -

Jackson, Hill beans, as far as is known, have never been infested. A few records
are available of infestations in the Hood variety. However, most of them have
escaped. The Lee variety has had the heaviest and most extensive infestations
with the Jackson variety ranking second,

Soybeans, being photoperiodic, bloom and set fruit near a certain time of year
for each variety, provided temperature and moisture conditions are favorable,
A delay of 30 days in planting date will delay blooming and pod set only about
one week, according to Dr. C. E. Caviness, Agronomist, Arkansas Agricultural
Experiment Station.

The heaviest and most extensive infestations have occurred in Lee beans after
the peak of blooming and in late August. In fields where both Lee and Jackson
beans are grown adjacent to each other, and planted on the same date, the Lee
beans will be past the peak of blooming in late August, whereas the Jackson
variety will be in full bloom. In these cases infestations have been much
heavier in the Lee beans.

Economic infestations have not resulted from a slow buildup. They occur suddenly
with larvae of rather uniform size. Egg deposition appears to occur for only a
short time. Fields have not been reinfested after the infestation is controlled,

Dr. C. E. Caviness concurs in calculating that the loss of seven pods per row

foot on 38-40 inch rows equals the loss of one bushel of beans per acre, Observa-
tions in the field have led to the conclusion that an average of one larva per

row foot is an economic infestation,

Bollworm infestations as pod feeders in soybeans increased tremendously in the
State in recent years. A survey of county agents showed that the acreage treated
for the pest was 1 percent, 4 percent, 10 percent, 20 percent and 49 percent of
the crop respectively for each of the past five years. An additional 10-12
percent of the 1964 crop had economic infestations and should have been treated.

Bollworm as a pod feeder is a serious pest of soybeans as economic infestations
occur suddenly and heavy losses may be inflicted in a short time. The rapid
increase in the acreage having economic infestations is rather alarming and
survey will continue on this problem,

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a{ Ale ayaeyh te iE EES ARS

AGRICULTURAL RESEARCH SERVICE

PLANT PEST CONTROL DIVISION

SURVEY AND DETECTION OPERATIONS

The Cooperative Economic Insect Report is issued
weekly as a service to American Agriculture. Its contents
are compiled from information supplied by cooperating State,
Federal, and industrial entomologists and other agricultural
workers. In releasing this material the Division serves as
a clearing house and does rot assume responsibility for ac-
curacy of the material.

All correspondence pertaining to additions, dele-
tions and changes of addresses for the mailing
list for this report should be sent to:

Service Operations Division
Office of Plant and Operations
United States Department of Agriculture
Washington, D. C. 20250

Reports and inquiries pertaining to this release
should be mailed to:

Survey and Detection Operations
Plant Pest Control Division
Agricultural Research Service
United States Department of Agriculture
Federal Center Building
Hyattsville, Maryland 20781

Volume 15 May 14, 1965 Number 20
COOPERATIVE ECONOMIC INSECT REPORT
HIGHLIGHTS:

Severity of ALFALFA WEEVIL damage increasing from Pennsylvania and Ohio southward
in the East; situation appears Somewhat less critical in Midwest and West. (p. 471).
PEA APHID abnormally high in New Mexico, heavy and widespread in Texas, very
numerous in Arkansas and appearing as far north as the Dakotas and Washington in
lesser numbers. (pp. 472, 473). ARMY CUTWORM generally light but caused severe
damage to alfalfa in Santa Fe County, New Mexico, and some damage in Nebraska.

(p. 474). Population of EUROPEAN CORN BORER in Minnesota should be light in 1965
but possible threat exists in southwest and west-central districts where popula-
tions adequate for rapid buildup. Number of borers per acre reduced in North
Dakota also. (p. 475). CORN FLEA BEETLE adults feeding on newly sprouted corn in
Maryland and Delaware. (p. 476). CORN LEAF APHID causing serious damage to barley
in Arizona. (p. 477). Small ARMYWORM larvae in southern Illinois and southeastern
Missouri; moths collected in Delaware. (p. 476).

Various species of APHIDS show further development on fruit trees as foliage
becomes available. (p. 478). GLOVER SCALE reached highest level of 15 years of
record in Florida citrus groves. (p. 481).

COLORADO POTATO BEETLE adults abundant on the Delmarva Peninsula; FLEA BEETLES
becoming numerous in same area. (pp. 481, 482). ONION MAGGOT fly emergence
heaviest since 1959 in Idaho; damaging onions in Colorado and Texas; flies out in
numbers in New Jersey. Adult SEED-CORN MAGGOT abundant in fields prepared for
beans in Washington. ARMY CUTWORM causing damage to onions in Colorado. (p. 482).

COTTON APHID damaging cotton in areas of Arizona and extremely heavy in Monroe
County, Alabama. BOLLWORM damaging cotton terminals in Texas. CUTWORMS major
problem to cotton in delta counties of Mississippi. (p. 484). GRASSHOPPERS also
damaging in that area. (p. 485).

PINE NEEDLE SCALE expected to be common this year in RhodeIsland (p. 485). Heavy
defoliation expected in Minnesota caused by FOREST TENT CATERPILLAR and CANKER-
WORMS expected to be heavy in South Dakota. (p. 486). HORN FLY populations
increasing in Oklahoma and South Carolina. (p. 489).

DETECTION

New State record reported was an ICHNEUMON (Biolysia tristis) in Illinois; now
recorded in 26 counties in that State. (p. 491). New county records included:
ALFALFA WEEVIL (Hypera postica) in 7 unspecified new counties in Illinois and in
Douglas, Ozark, Taney and Christian Counties, Missouri, (p. 471); SPOTTED ALFALFA
APHID (Therioaphis maculata) in Fall River County, South Dakota, (p. 473); A
WIREWORM (Ctenicera signaticollis) in Monroe County, Illinois, (p. 472).

SOME FIRST REPORTS OF THE SEASON
EUROPEAN CORN BORER adults and ALFALFA CATERPILLAR larvae in Delaware. CABBAGE
LOOPER on alfalfa in Oklahoma. ONION MAGGOT adults in Idaho and New Jersey. Adults

of various FLEA BEETLES in Maryland and Delaware, Adults of BEAN LEAF BEETLE in
Maryland, Adults of PECAN CASEBEARERS in Georgia, FACE FLY adults in Wisconsin,

CORRECTIONS

See page 492.

(Continued on page 470).

- 470 -
SPECIAL REPORTS
Beet Leafhopper Survey in Idaho. (p. 482).
Status of the Screw-worm in the Southwest. (p. 494).

Interceptions of Special Interest at U.S. Ports of Entry. (pp. 495-496).
Reports in this issue are for week ending May 7, unless otherwise indicated.

FR II I I I I I ARO IE A IK 2 IC a a 2k

WEATHER OF THE WEEK ENDING MAY 10

HIGHLIGHTS: (1) Warmer than previous week by 10° to 17°, Texas to Great Lakes;
strong cooling in western third of Country. (2) Continued dry, southern
California to west Texas, parts of Great Plains; dry Southeast. (3) Storminess,
central and northern Great Plains included many tornadoes, heavy snow.

TEMPERATURE: Average temperatures were considerably lower this week from the
Pacific to Montana and the Rockies and were 12° to 14° below normal over the Great
Basin, Average temperatures were above normal east of a line from El Paso,

Texas, to Bismarck, North Dakota, reaching 12° to 14° above normal over the central
and eastern Corn Belt; temperatures were near normal in the Florida area. From
Texas to the Great Lakes the average temperatures were 10° to 17° warmer than
during the previous week. This resulted as warm, humid air streamed northward
over most of the Nation east of the Rockies. Temperatures climbed into the 80's
over South Dakota on Tuesday, over central Wisconsin and lower Michigan by

Friday and Syracuse, New York, (89°) by Sunday. By the end of the week, cooler
and drier air had moved from the northern Great Plains to cover the Central
Plains. The difference in moisture content of the two air masses was very strik—
ing. For example, early on Tuesday the dew point temperatures were in the 30's
and 40's over the central Great Plains but in the 60's in the Gulf air southeast
of the front.

PRECIPITATION: Little or no rain fell over the southern two-thirds of California,
Arizona, New Mexico, southern Colorado, and western and extreme southern Texas.
Another dry area extended from Kentucky to Mississippi and eastward to the south
Atlantic coast including Florida. Frequent cold rains and snow occurred over
other western areas. Lander, Wyoming, received 11 inches of snow while Lead,
South Dakota, had 30 inches during a late week storm. Over the area extending
from east Texas to the Great Lakes and eastward through the Corn Belt to the
Northeast, precipitation was unevenly distributed and locally variable.

SEVERE STORMS: The important weather feature of the week occurred over the
central and northern Great Plains area where two major storm centers were active.
On Tuesday a deep Low formed over Colorado and moved to North Dakota on Wednesday.
This was followed by an even more vigorous Low which moved from Colorado to
Minnesota on Saturday and Sunday. It was this second Low which dropped 31 inches
of snow at Lead, South Dakota. Many heavy thunderstorms and a number of tornadoes
occurred in the warm, humid air to the east and southeast of these slowly moving
Lows during the period May 5 to 9. On Thursday, at least 9 tornadoes occurred

in Minnesota and 5 in Oklahoma with a number of deaths in Minnesota. Saturday,
May 8, brought a major tornado outbreak with more than 40 reported in South
Dakota, Nebraska, Oklahoma, Iowa and Wisconsin. Saturday may have set a new
record for the largest number of tornadoes in a single day. (Summary supplied

by U.S. Weather Bureau).

= aii =

CEREAL AND FORAGE INSECTS

ALFALFA WEEVIL (Hypera postica) - RHODE ISLAND - No eggs found in field in
Kingston, Washington County. (Mathewson, May 4). CONNECTICUT - Averaged 23

per 25 sweeps; first observed April 30; no egg laying noted. Ovaries dissected
indicate advanced egg development. (Savos). NEW YORK - Hatching in Orange
County; young larvae found in 4 of 5 fields checked. Possibly 1 percent of

tips showed feeding. Inspections urged in Hudson Valley. (N.Y. Wkly. Rpt.,

May 3). PENNSYLVANIA - All stages except pupae present in southwestern area.
Alfalfa completely stripped on drier knolls. Damage considerable; 100 percent
of plants infested often with up to 18 various sized larvae per tip. Eggs very
abundant with hatching expected soon. Later sprays may be necessary to save
crop; Situation serious. In central area, fewer overwintering eggs noted but
warm weather caused some activity. No eggs found; dissected females gravid.
(Udine). Damage and adults in northwest area hard to find; no eggs found,
(Adams). Damage and eggs easily found in southeast area. (Menuson). Not much
activity noted in northeast area. (Gesell). NEW JERSEY - Noted in 6 fields
from Burlington to Warren Counties. Larvae ranged 10-206 (average 90) per 100
sweeps. Adults ranged 12-114 (average 70). Larvae ranged 55-2,500 (average
1,100) per 100 sweeps in 6 fields in area of Gloucester, Salem and Cumberland
Counties; adults ranged 0-250 (averaged 56) per 100 sweeps. (Ins.-Dis. Newsltr.).
MARYLAND - Adults continue active; larvae continue damage to first-growth alfalfa
in all sections. Larval infestations in Washington County varied 25-100 percent
ef stems, Pupation noted in Somerset County. (U. Md., Ent. Dept.). NORTH
CAROLINA - Larvae averaged 10 per sweep in 3 alfalfa fields and 1 per sweep

in 6 fields in vicinity of Wake Forest. Damage very light; differences in
populations due to time of last treatment. Untreated field in area with 40-50
larvae per sweep; damage quite noticeable. Some pupation and emergence of new
adults observed. (Mount). ALABAMA - Continues heavy damage in Limestone,
Madison and Jackson Counties. (Agee, Magnusson, Carter).

OHIO - Situation in southern area continued to become more serious. Mixed
clover and alfalfa field near Alberta, Meigs County, appeared to have all alfalfa
foliage eaten. Larvae began eating clover in field; 89 larvae in one sweep but
no adults. Field in Ross County yielded 160 larvae and one adult in one sweep;
larvae about 1 cm. long. About 25 percent of crop eaten; alfalfa about 10-15
inches tall. Averaged 3 per terminal and 16 larvae per sweep in Morgan County.
Nearly 100 percent of plants infested in Morgan and Gallia Counties; 10 larvae
per plant common in 2 small fields in Athens County where approximately 90

larvae and 8 adults collected per sweep; alfalfa 4-6 inches tall. Varied 10-80
percent infested in Belmont County; 75 larvae and 2 adults in Pickaway County
alfalfa. Plant infestation approximately 50 percent. Field in Muskingum County
yielded 16 larvae and 8 adults in 25 sweeps; 20 percent terminal infestation,
More terminals showed feeding damage without having larvae in them. (Rings,

Rose et al.). ILLINOIS - Found in 7 new counties. Adult populations vary 0-16
(average about 2.7) per 100 sweeps; larvae ranged 0-5,400 (average about 700)

per 100 sweeps in southern third of State. (Ill. Ins. Rpt.). MISSOURI - Larval
counts dropped considerably in extreme southeastern counties; first-generation
adults emerging in numbers in that area as well as most of southern first and
second tiers of counties. Found for the first time in Douglas, Ozark, Taney

and Christian Counties. (Wkly. Ins. Rpt.). ARKANSAS - Surveys negative in
central area. (Ark. Ins. Sur.). NEW MEXICO - Larvae ranged 8-20 per 25 sweeps
in fields near Albuquerque, Bernalillo County; feeding damage very noticeable.
(Heninger). SOUTH DAKOTA - Adults collected in Fall River County; 40 per 100
sweeps. Averaged 20 adults per 100 sweeps west of Oglala, Shannon County.
(Jones). COLORADO - Ranged 5-10 per 100 sweeps in Mesa and Delta Counties on
alfalfa. (Bulla). No larvae reported to date in Weld County. (Urano). UTAH -
Adults active in Sevier County. (Rickenbach, Knowlton). Adults moderately numerous
in some alfalfa fields in Coalville-Peoa area, Summit County. Averaged 5 adults
per 10 sweeps at Providence; 4 per 10 sweeps at Millville, Cache County.
(Knowlton). IDAHO - Adults averaged up to 3 per sweep in Payette, County alfalfa.
Small numbers of first-stage larvae collected for first time this season. (Homan,
May 4). CALIFORNIA - Medium on alfalfa plantings in Corning area, Tehama County.
(Cal. Coop. Rpt.).

- 472 -

CLOVER LEAF WEEVIL (Hypera punctata) - OHIO - Five larvae per 30 sweeps in clover
in Meigs County; larvae common in alfalfa in Mount Sterling and Sedalia areas of
Madison County. Larvae noted in Franklin and Clinton Counties. (McNutt et al.).
MARYLAND - Larvae averaged 3 per sweep on red clover at Easton, Talbot County.
(U. Md., Ent. Dept.).

CLOVER HEAD WEEVIL (Hypera meles) - ALABAMA - Light in crimson clover in
Lauderdale County. Heavy on 100 acres in Lee County; controls necessary.
(Wagnon, Johnson). GEORGIA - Moderate to heavy on crimson clover in Spalding
County. (Vanderford).

LESSER CLOVER LEAF WEEVIL (Hypera nigrirostris) - MARYLAND - Adults averaged 5
per 10 sweeps on red clover at Easton, Talbot County. (U. Md., Ent. Dept.).

WEEVILS (Sitona spp.) - SOUTH DAKOTA - S. scissifrons ranged 4-75 per 100 sweeps
in alfalfa in Hughes, Hand and Beadle Counties; mating observed. (Jones) .
NEBRASKA - S. scissifrons averaged 3 per 10 sweeps in alfalfa in Otoe County.
(Rhine). S. cylindricollis (sweetclover weevil) averaged 2 per 10 sweeps in
second-year sweetclover in Lancaster County. (Stevens). ILLINOIS - Adults of
Sitona sp. vary 0-50 (average about 15) per 100 sweeps in alfalfa in west-
southwest and east-southeast districts. (I11. Ins. Rpt.). CONNECTICUT - S.
hispidula (clover root curculio) and S. flavescens noted in alfalfa. (Savos,
May 5). ue

A WEEVIL - TEXAS - Undetermined species heavy; larvae widespread and damaging
crimson clover in Houston County, (Percival).

LATHRIDIID BEETLES - IDAHO - Adults general in Parma and Roswell alfalfa.
(Bechtolt) .

MEXICAN BEAN BEETLE (Epilachna varivestis) - SOUTH CAROLINA - Fairly heavy on
soybeans in Williamsburg County. (Nettles et al., May 4).

A WIREWORM (Ctenicera signaticollis) - ILLINOIS - Adults averaged 15 per 100
sweeps in alfalfa-clover mixture and 45 per 100 sweeps in alfalfa field in
Monroe County. These 2 fields within 1 mile of each other; none found in other
alfalfa fields in Monroe and nearby counties. This is a new county record;
previously known in Pope and Jackson Counties. (Ill. Ins. Rpt.).

PEA APHID (Acyrthosiphon pisum) - NEW MEXICO - Remains abnormally high in
untreated alfalfa in Curry and Roosevelt Counties. Predators and parasites very
abundant, Many parasitized by undetermined species of Hymenoptera. (Kloepfer,
Nielsen). TEXAS - Heavy and widespread on vetch in Henderson County. (Spann).
OKLAHOMA - Remains moderate to heavy in many areas of north central, central,
south central and southwest; moderate in west central and east central areas.
Many fields cut but aphids staying in fields and attacking new foliage. Moderate
(800 per 10 sweeps) in vetch in Murray County and heavy in Lincoln County.

(Okla. Coop. Sur.). ARKANSAS - Continues very numerous; about 100 per sweep

of 15-inch net in central area, (Ark. Ins. Sur.). MISSOURI - Quite heavy in
scattered individual alfalfa fields over southwestern area but degree of natural
control and nearness to harvest practically eliminate need for chemical controls.
(Wkly. Ins. Rpt.). KANSAS - Cool weather favorable; probably found throughout
State. Present in all fields in Garden City area with light populations in all
but one field; honeydew present on plants and growth retarded. Averaged 10 per
sweep in northeast area; alfalfa growing well and should reach cutting stage
before populations high enough to cause damage, (Gates, Brooks, Apr. 30).
NEBRASKA - Averaged 50 per 10 sweeps in red clover and alfalfa in Lancaster,
Otoe, Nemaha and Richardson Counties, (Rhine). SOUTH DAKOTA - Taken in alfalfa
in Fall River, Shannon, Todd, Hughes and Hand Counties; highest counts in Fall
River County. Over 1,000 per 100 sweeps. (Jones). NORTH DAKOTA - Trace numbers
at Libson and Kindred; 1 per 100 sweeps. (Frye). MINNESOTA - Observed on alfalfa
but counts very low. (Minn, Ins. Rpt.). WISCONSIN - Populations fluctuate;

- 473 -

ranged 4-5 per sweep in Iowa, Crawford and Grant Counties; fields in western

Dane and southern Sauk Counties averaged 15 per sweep. One very advanced field
with 300 per sweep. Parasitism very high; ranged 50-80 percent in most fields
with mummies common, Some disease appearing. No actual nymph production observed
although most fundatrices filled with embryos; marked size difference in aphids
noted; either very young nymphs or mature aphids. (Wis. Ins. Sur.). ILLINOIS -
Varied 1-350 per sweep in alfalfa in southern third of State; predators, parasites
and disease increasing rapidly. Doubtful if any controls will be needed on
first-cutting alfalfa in area. (Ill. Ins. Rpt.). OHIO - One sweep in alfalfa

in Ross County yielded 23; field in Pickaway County averaged 16 per sweep in 5
sweeps. Other fields examined with lower populations. Many winged forms
appearing. (Gehres, Blair, Rose). MARYLAND - Averaged 25 per sweep on alfalfa
at Cambridge, Dorchester County. Generally light on alfalfa in central sections.
Averaged 20 per sweep on red clover at Easton, Talbot County. (U. Md., Ent.
Dept.).

NEW JERSEY - Ranged 18-78 (averaged 70) per 20 sweeps in 6 fields from Burlington
to Warren Counties. Ranged 0-175 (averaged 67) per 20 sweeps in 6 fields in

area of Gloucester, Salem and Cumberland Counties. (Ins.-Dis. Newsltr.).
CONNECTICUT - Noted on alfalfa. (Savos, May 5). IDAHO - Averaged 1 per 2

sweeps at Bowmont, Canyon County. (Bechtolt, Homan, May 4). COLORADO - Counts
remain low in Mesa County alfalfa; 20-30 per 100 sweeps. (Bulla). UTAH - Light
to becoming numerous in some fields in Sevier County. (Rickenbach, Knowlton).
Nymphs active but not numerous at Logan-Millville area, Cache County. (Knowlton),
NEVADA - Very light in Moapa and Virgin Valleys and in Las Vegas area, Clark
County. Highest counts 2-3 per sweep in one location in Las Vegas area,
Predators and parasites numerous, (Bechtel, Zoller). WASHINGTON - All stages
averaged 4 per 100 sweeps near Pasco and 32 per 100 sweeps near Walla Walla on
seed and forage alfalfa. (Halfhill).

SPOTTED ALFALFA APHID (Therioaphis maculata) - SOUTH DAKOTA - Collected for the
first time in Fall River County May 4 by sweeping; 50 per 100 sweeps in heavy
stand of alfalfa 6 miles south of Hot Springs on south side of Cheyenne River at
U.S. Highway 18. This is also first collection this season, (Jones), WISCONSIN -
Remains unchanged; counts in Mazomanie area about 1 per 10 sweeps with funda-
trices approaching maturity. (Wis. Ins. Sur.). ILLINOIS - Varied 0-360 per

100 sweeps in alfalfa in southern third of State; increasing. Gaia Inseerrpit
NEBRASKA - Ranged 5-10 per 10 sweeps in Lancaster, Otoe, Nemaha and Richardson
Counties. (Rhine). ARKANSAS - Surveys negative in central area. (Ark. Ins,
Sur.). OKLAHOMA - Light to moderate in alfalfa in Kingfisher County; heavy in
Texas County. (Okla. Coop. Sur.). NEW MEXICO - Scattered and heavy in alfalfa
fields in Los Lunas-Albuquerque area, Valencia and Bernalillo Counties; damage
very evident. (Coppock). ARIZONA - Medium to heavy and damaging alfalfa in
Greenlee and Graham Counties, particularly on new alfalfa stands. Some popula-
tion reduction noted on old stands, (Ariz. Coop. Sur.). NEVADA - Very light
in Moapa and Virgin Valleys and in Las Vegas area, Clark County. Highest counts
2-3 per sweep in one location in Las Vegas area, Predators and parasites
numerous. (Bechtel, Zoller).

APHIDS - ALABAMA - Unspecified species continue quite serious on Caley peas
and vetch in Greene County. (Johnson, Ledbetter). GEORGIA - Unspecified species
very heavy on commercial field peas in Turner County. (Johnson) .

SIX-SPOTTED LEAFHOPPER (Macrosteles fascifrons) - SOUTH DAKOTA - Present on
alfalfa near Huron, Beadle County. (Jones).

POTATO LEAFHOPPER (Empoasca fabae) - ILLINOIS - Adults vary 0-3 per 100 sweeps
in alfalfa in east-southeast district and 0-80 in west-southwest district.
(111. Ins. Rpt.).

CLOVER LEAFHOPPER (Aceratagallia sanguinolenta) - SOUTH DAKOTA - Averaged 30 per
sweep on alfalfa 9 miles south of Murdo, Jones County, near White River. (Jones).
FLORIDA - Two adults and 2 nymphs taken in 50 sweeps of white clover at Gaines-
ville, Alachua County. (Habeck, Mead, Apr. 28).

- 474 -

LEAFHOPPERS - NEBRASKA - Averaged 10 per 10 sweeps in legumes in southeastern
counties. (Rhine). UTAH - Active on lawn at Logan, Cache County; light to
moderate. (Knowlton).

MEADOW SPITTLEBUG (Philaenus spumarius) - OHIO - Nymphs collected on alfalfa in
Muskingum, Meigs, Ross and Pickaway Counties; infestations usually 1 percent or
less but one field in Muskingum County ranged 10-20 percent infested. Maximum
nymph slightly less than one-eight inch. (Rose). MARYLAND - Nymphs light on
red clover in Talbot County; nymphs increasing on red clover in Prince Georges
County. (U. Md., Ent. Dept.).

SPITTLEBUGS - NEW JERSEY - Nymphs relatively low in survey during April in 26
alfalfa fields in Sussex, Warren, Morris, Somerset, Burlington and Salem Counties;
egg counts last fall averaged lower than previous 5 years. Numbers relatively
high in some fields; growers should check fields and treat when necessary. (Ins.-
Dis. Newsltr.). NEW YORK - Hatching expected soon; inspection of dock, thistle
and plantain urged. (N.Y. Wkly. Rpt., May 3).

TARNISHED PLANT BUG (Lygus lineolaris) - NEBRASKA - Ranged 10-45 (averaged about
30) per 10 sweeps in legumes in Otoe, Nemaha and Richardson Counties. (Rhine).
OKLAHOMA - Light (1-6 per 10 sweeps) on alfalfa in Beckham and Carter Counties;
10 per 10 sweeps in vetch in Murray County. (Okla. Coop. Sur.). ILLINOIS -
Adults vary 60-160 (average 95) per 100 sweeps in alfalfa in west-southwest
district and 4-50 (average 21) per 100 sweeps in east-southeast district. (Ill.
Ins, Rpt.). MARYLAND - Adults averaged 2 per sweep on red clover near Easton,
Talbot County. (U. Md., Ent. Dept.). PENNSYLVANIA - Averaged 1 per sweep on
alfalfa in Somerset County. (Udine).

LYGUS BUGS (Lygus spp.) - NEVADA - Up to 10-15 adults and nymphs of Lygus sp.
present in all alfalfa fields checked in southern Clark County. (Bechtel,
Zoller). UTAH - L. elisus nymphs appeared on tansymustard at Delta, Millard
County. (Knowlton). ARIZONA - Nymphs increasing rapidly in alfalfa in Greenlee,
Graham and Yuma Counties. (Ariz. Coop. Sur.). NEW MEXICO - Nymphs and adults
ranged 0-5 per 25 sweeps in alfalfa checked in Valencia County. (Heninger).
MINNESOTA - Observed on alfalfa but counts very low. (Minn. Ins. Rpt.).
CONNECTICUT - Noted on alfalfa. (Savos, May 5).

AN ALYDID BUG (Alydus pilosus) - FLORIDA - Three adults taken in 50 sweeps on
white clover at Gainesville, Alachua County. (Habeck, Mead, Apr. 28).

ALFALFA PLANT BUG (Adelphocoris lineolatus) - ILLINOIS - Nymphs vary 0-20 per
100 sweeps in alfalfa in west-southwest district. (Ill. Ins. Rpt.).

RAPID PLANT BUG (Adelphocoris rapidus) - ILLINOIS - Nymphs vary 10-60 (average 35)
per 100 sweeps in alfalfa in west-southwest district. (Ill. Ins. Rpt.).

FALSE CHINCH BUG (Nysius ericae) - IDAHO - First-stage nymphs, probably this
species, ranged 200-500 per sweep in 2-acre field of alfalfa at Fruitland,
Payette County. (Homan). Migration into Boise barley; causing severe damage
along field margins. Controls applied. (Hilfiker).

ARMY CUTWORM (Chorizagrotis auxiliaris) - NEW MEXICO - Generally light in most
alfalfa fields and gardens checked in Valencia, Bernalillo, Sandoval, Santa Fe,
San Miguel and Mora Counties. Area of approximately 300 acres of alfalfa near
Pojoaque, Santa Fe County, ranged 5-7 larvae per square foot; damage to alfalfa
severe. (N.M. Coop. Rpt.). NEBRASKA - Some damage to new seedings of alfalfa
in southwest; light on wheat. (Pruess). KANSAS - No reports of alfalfa or
wheat injury. (Gates, Brooks, Apr. 30).

ALFALFA CATERPILLAR (Colias eurytheme) - DELAWARE - First larvae of season present
on alfalfa in New Castle County. (Burbutis). NEBRASKA - Ranged 0-2 per 10 sweeps
in southeastern counties, (Rhine). COLORADO - Scattered individuals appearing
in Fort Collins and Mead areas of Larimer and Weld Counties. (Daniels, Urano).

- 475 -

ALFALFA LOOPER (Autographa californica) - IDAHO - Larvae active in alfalfa. in
Canyon County. (Bechtolt, May 4).

CABBAGE LOOPER (Trichoplusia ai) - OKLAHOMA - Noted on alfalfa checked in Beckham
County; first activity of season. (Okla. Coop. Sur.).

GREEN CLOVERWORM (Plathypena scabra) - SOUTH DAKOTA - Small numbers of larvae
collected from alfalfa near St. Lawrence, Hand County, and Huron, Beadle County.
Greater numbers of larvae (15 per 100 sweeps) taken near Blunt, Hughes County.
(Jones) .

NOCTUID MOTHS - MICHIGAN - Total of 28 adults of Caenurgina erechtea (forage
looper) taken in blacklight traps in Livingston County May 2 and 3 (Newman) ;
adults of Agrotis ipsilon (black cutworm) taken in blacklight trap in Ingham

County May 2. (Donahue) .

CLOUDED SULFUR (Colias philodice) - OHIO - Adults observed over most of southern
area; common in orchards and over legume forage fields. Collected in Vinton,
Washington and Meigs Counties; mating pairs observed. (Rose).

THRIPS - CALIFORNIA - Frankliniella occidentalis (western flower thrips) and
Rhipidothrips gratiosus heavy on alfalfa, oats and other grasses in Byron,
Contra Costa County. (Cal. Coop. Rpt.). GEORGIA - Light to heavy on peanuts
in southern area. (Johnson).

SPRINGTAILS - TEXAS - Large numbers on alfalfa in Collins County. (Simpson).

CLOVER MITE (Bryobia praetiosa) - SOUTH DAKOTA - Adults, tentatively identified
as this species, present in large numbers in 2 alfalfa fields sampled; over 5,000
per 100 sweeps. One field south of Hot Springs, Fall River County; other field
west of Oglala, Shannon County. (Jones) .

TWO-SPOTTED SPIDER MITE (Tetranychus telarius) - ARIZONA - Medium to heavy and
general in alfalfa in Yuma and western edge of Maricopa County. (Ariz. Coop.
Sur.).

SPIDER MITES - ALABAMA - Continue quite serious on Caley peas and vetch in Greene
County. (Johnson, Ledbetter).

EUROPEAN CORN BORER (Ostrinia nubilalis) - ILLINOIS - Pupation 50 percent and
emergence 2 percent in southern Alexander County. (Ill. Ins. Rpt.). MINNESOTA -
Overwintering mortality survey in April indicated winter mortality 28 percent
for State; slightly above average mortality (16 percent in 1964). Overwintering
population lowest in past 5 years. Population in 1965 should be moderate,
Southwest and west-central districts with adequate numbers to present possible
threat this season. Woodpeckers, especially in cornfields near wooded areas,
very effective in reducing populations. (Minn. Ins. Rpt.). NORTH DAKOTA -
Spring survival survey in southeast completed. Number of borers per acre 2,710
(3,485 in 1964); percent survival 73; percent mortality 27. Mortality and
survival percents identical to 1964 figures. Counties surveyed include Cass,
Dickey, Ransom, Richland and Sargent; same as in 1964. (Frye). DELAWARE -
First adult of season caught in blacklight trap in Sussex County, May 3.
Burbutis).

SOUTHWESTERN CORN BORER (Zeadiatraea grandiosella) - OKLAHOMA - Live larvae
found in 50 percent of dry cornstalks checked in Harmon County field, (Okla.
Coop. Sur.).

CORN EARWORM (Heliothis zea) - OKLAHOMA - Adults becoming common around light
trap in Payne County; larvae damaging young corn in same area. (Okla, Coop.
Sur.). TEXAS - Averages one larva per bud on corn in early tassel stage in local
areas of Jim Wells County. (Texas Coop. Rpt., Jones). GEORGIA - Light to
moderate in whorls of corn in southern area. (Johnson).

- 476 -

CORN ROOTWORMS (Diabrotica spp.) - MINNESOTA - Treatments urged at planting time
in areas experiencing damage in 1964, Map below indicates areas of economic
infestations in 1964 and probable economic infesta-

Corn Rootworm Threat tions in 1965. Both D, longicornis (northern corn
Minnesota - 1965 rootworm) and D. virgifera (western corn rootworm)
adult survey used in making map. (Minn, Ins. Rpt.).
MISSOURI - Controls urged for D. virgifera. (Wkly.
Ins. Rpt.).

A SCARAB (Euphoria sepulchralis) - FLORIDA - Adults
taken on corn at Safety Harbor, Pinellas County.
(McMullen, Apr. 26).

SEED-CORN BEETLE (Agonoderus lecontei) - MARYLAND -
Numerous adults collected from sprouting corn near
Clarksville, Howard County. (U. Md., Ent. Dept.).

A BILLBUG (Sphenophorus callosus) - GEORGIA - Light
to moderate on corn in southern area. (Johnson).
Unspecified species damaging corn stands in several
southern areas, (French, Morgan).

ey
eS Ce OTs MOP LGC ORT CORN FLEA BEETLE (Chaetocnema pulicaria) - MARYLAND -
. infestations - Adults feeding on newly sprouted sweet corn at
DA is Fairland, Montgomery County. (U. Md., Ent. Dept.).
Additional area of

YY Saiiiy Sooner DELAWARE - First adults of season present on corn
proba in southeastern Sussex C ty. Burbutis).
/ infestation - 1965 : ussex) County 1) (aura re

FLEA BEETLES - NEW JERSEY - Noted on sweet corn; controls urged. (Ins.-Dis.
Newsltr.).

WIREWORMS -— NORTH CAROLINA - Glyphonyx bimarginatus and Conoderus lividus
collected from peat muck soil in field of corn just emerged in Washington;
damage to kernels or small plants negligible. Melanotus communis caused severe
damage in area of same field in late May, 1964. (Mount, Falter).

ARMYWORM (Pseudaletia unipuncta) - ILLINOIS - Larvae present in small grains in
southern area; vary from first instar to 0.5 inch in length. (111. Ins. Rpt.).
MISSOURI - Moths still fairly numerous in small grain fields in extreme south-
eastern counties. Hatch continued during week; larvae ranged 0-10 per square
foot of rank, dense grains. Larvae confined to lower portions of grains and

not causing damage to date. (Wkly. Ins. Rpt.). ARKANSAS - Surveys in central
and southeastern areas negative. (Ark. Ins. Sur.). MARYLAND - Extensive surveys
May 5 of small grains on lower Eastern Shore negative. (U. Md., Ent. Dept.).
DELAWARE - Adults numerous in blacklight trap collections May 3. (Burbutis).

FALL ARMYWORM (Spodoptera frugiperda) - GEORGIA - Heavy on 400 acres of oats in
Dooly County. (McPhail).

GREENBUG (Schizaphis graminum) - KANSAS - Present in all fields surveyed in
Finney, Haskell, Stevens and Seward Counties; 3-10 per linear foot of row.
(Gates, Brooks, Apr. 30). MISSOURI - Caused localized spot damage to orchard
grass in several south-central and southwestern counties; damage declined
rapidly. Parasites and predators 1-2 weeks too late to prevent damage. (Wkly.
Ins. Rpt.). WISCONSIN - None observed in surveyed grain fields to May 4. (Wis.
Ins. Sur.).

ENGLISH GRAIN APHID (Macrosiphum avenae) - MARYLAND - Moderate to heavy on
barley and wheat in Dorchester County; natural controls becoming effective.

(U. Md., Ent. Dept.). WISCONSIN - Alates averaged 3 per 50 sweeps in grain in
Crawford, Grant, southern Sauk and northern Iowa Counties; few nymphs being
produced, (Wis. Ins. Sur.). NEVADA - Very light in grain fields in Moapa and
Virgin Valleys, Clark County. (Bechtel, Zoller).

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CORN LEAF APHID (Rhopalosiphum maidis) - ARIZONA - Heavy and seriously damaging
barley in Greenlee and Graham Counties, (Ariz. Coop. Sur.). NEVADA - Very light
in all grain fields in Moapa and Virgin Valleys, Clark County. (Bechtel, Zoller).

APHIDS - NORTH CAROLINA - Several species numerous and damaging small grains,
especially oats, in some Piedmont counties; some fields infected with barley
yellow dwarf. (Ins. Notes).

SIX-SPOTTED LEAFHOPPER (Macrosteles fascifrons) - WISCONSIN - Averaged about 2
per 50 sweeps in grain in Crawford and Grant Counties and in fields in western
Dane and northern Iowa Counties. Marked increase occurred in field near Spring
Green where adults numbered 8 per 10 sweeps on May 4 (1 per 100 sweeps on

Aprieles2 2) en (Wills) linsSepe Sui) je

CEREAL LEAF BEETLE (Oulema melanopa) - MICHIGAN - Spraying of 150,426 acres
completed on May 4 in heavily infested areas of Berrien, Cass, Van Buren and
St. Joseph Counties. (Ring).

SEED-CORN BEETLE (Agonoderus lecontei) - COLORADO - Continues active in Mead
area, Weld County, on barley; estimated 100 per acre. (Urano et al.).

BROWN WHEAT MITE (Petrobia latens) - KANSAS - Observed in Finney, Haskell,
Stevens and Seward Counties; ranged 35-500 per linear foot of row. Damage will
show if dry weather continues, Reported in both dry land and irrigated wheat in
Wallace County. Populations decrease normally after week of May 10. (Gates,
Brooks, Apr. 30). OKLAHOMA - Remains moderate to heavy in wheat in Texas County.
(Okla. Coop. Sur.). ARIZONA - Light on alfalfa and barley in Greenlee County;
damage appears light. (Ariz. Coop. Sur.). NEW MEXICO - Light to moderate in
alfalfa in Belen-Los Lunas area, Valencia County; some discoloration noted on
leaves. (Heninger). UTAH - Moderately numerous in some barley and wheat fields
in "Dixie' area, Washington County. (Knowlton, Huber).

GRASSHOPPERS - MINNESOTA - Observations on light, sandy soil areas of Anoka,
Washington and Chisago Counties revealed Melanoplus femurrubrum (red-legged
grasshopper) and M. differentalis (differential grasshopper) eggs in early
coagulated stage. M. bivittatus (two-striped grasshopper) eggs well coagulated.
Egg development more advanced in this area than in heavier soils checked previous
week, Unless marked change in weather occurs, hatch should be later in 1965,
(Minn. Ins. Rpt.). WYOMING - Psoloessa delicatula mainly in fifth instar and
adult stages; Eritettix simplex tricarinatus in fifth instar in Wheatland area,
Platte County. (Marks). Principal rangeland species in egg stage. (Pfadt).

E. simplex tricarinatus in fourth to fifth instar in Sheridan County area.
(O'Dell, Thornely). OKLAHOMA - Rangeland checks of several species show first
and second instars present at 1-10 per square yard in most areas. Dominant
species in Major, Ellis, Harper, Woods and Woodward Counties: Ageneotettix
deorum, Aulocara elliotti and Melanoplus sp. Dominant species in Logan,
Kingfisher and Beckham Counties: Ageneotettix deorum and Melanoplus spp. (Okla.
Coop. Sur.). NEW MEXICO - Nymphal surveys in 11 eastern counties from April 1-23
indicate hatching began in Tatum and Caprock areas of Lea County; Elida area of
Roosevelt County; area northeast of Tucumcari in Quay County; on Pecos River near
Dilia in northwestern Guadalupe County; near Farley in southeastern Colfax
County; and on Zuni Reservation south of Gallup, McKinley County. Hatch very
light; most areas received some moisture since survey. (PPC) .

SPITTLEBUGS - ALABAMA - Nymphs on grass, weeds and some shrubs throughout central
and south sections. Heavy and widespread on lawns and weeds near pastures in
Mobile County. (Vickery et al.).

A CHINCH BUG (Blissus insularis) - FLORIDA - First instars 42 percent, second
instars 33 percent, third instars 16 percent, fourth instars 1 percent and
adults 8 percent taken on St. Augustine grass at Gainesville, Alachua County in
early May. Det. by S. H. Kerr. (Fla. Coop. Sur.).

- 478 -

HAIRY CHINCH BUG (Blissus hirtus*) - RHODE ISLAND - Numerous adults on golf
course in Westerly, Washington County; caused considerable damage last season.
(Skogley, Mathewson, May 3).

A MAY BEETLE (Phyllophaga fusca) - CONNECTICUT - Noted in lawn at Hamden.
(Savos, May 5).

WHITE GRUBS - MINNESOTA - Movement upward in soil and root feeding started with
increase in soil temperatures; feeding on sod in St. Paul suburb. (Minn. Ins.
Rpt.).

A BERMUDA-GRASS MITE (Aceria neocynodonis) - OKLAHOMA - Dead Bermuda grass from
1964 showed typical symptoms in El Reno, Canadian County, and Kingfisher,
Kingfisher County; yellowed Bermuda grass collected and examined but no live
mites found, (Okla. Coop. Sur.).

BILLBUGS (Sphenophorus spp.) - MARYLAND - Infesting zoysia grass lawn in vicinity
of College Park, Prince Georges County. (U. Md., Ent. Dept.). ARIZONA -

S. phoeniciensis heavy in Bermuda grass lawn in Maricopa and Yuma Counties.
(Ariz. Coop. Sur.).

GROUND PEARLS - ALABAMA - Extensive on centipede lawn in Geneva County.
Reynolds).

FRUIT INSECTS

APPLE APHID (Aphis pomi) - CONNECTICUT - Small numbers found in Glastonbury,
Hartford County; New Haven, New Haven County; and Storrs, Tolland County.

(Savos, May 5). NEW YORK - Easily located on fruit trees in Monroe County.

(N.Y. Wkly. Rpt., May 3). OHIO - Colonies very abundant at Wooster, Wayne
County. (Forsythe). WISCONSIN - Recently hatched nymphs noted in Madison area,
Dane County. (Wis. Ins. Sur.). COLORADO - Abundant on terminal shoots of

apple trees in Olathe area, Montrose County. (Bulla). ARIZONA - Medium infesta-

tions continue to damage apple seedlings and set fruit in Graham County. (Ariz.
Coop. Sur.). UTAH - Light to moderate in Washington County; nymphs and adults
present in orchards in Utah County. (Huber, Knowlton).

APPLE GRAIN APHID (Rhopalosiphum fitchii) - WISCONSIN - Colonies numerous on
apples in Madison area, Dane County. (Wis. Ins. Sur.). OHIO - First-generation
nymphs of mature stem mother observed at Wooster, Wayne County. (Forsythe).

NEW YORK - Readily found in orchards in Monroe County. (N.Y. Wkly. Rpt.,

May 3).

ROSY APPLE APHID (Anuraphis rosea) - OHIO - Becoming quite common in Wooster
area, Wayne County. (Forsythe). NEW YORK - First observed in Spencerport area,
Monroe County, May 1; hatching noted in Ulster County April 28. (N.Y. Wkly.
Rpt.). CONNECTICUT - Most abundant species around State. (Savos, May 5).

PEAR PSYLLA (Psylla pyricola) - MASSACHUSETTS - Earliest eggs laid began hatching
May 5 in South Amherst area, Hampshire County. Nymphs feeding on opening foliage.
(Crop Pest Contr. Mess.). CONNECTICUT - Hatching began and egg laying increased
on new pear leaves at New Haven, New Haven County and Storrs, Tolland County.
(Savos, May 5). MICHIGAN - Adults and eggs on pear trees in southeast section.
(Wooley, Austin, Apr. 30).

PLANT BUGS - MASSACHUSETTS - Continuing active on apple and pear flower buds.

(Crop Pest Contr. Mess.). CONNECTICUT - Appearing in New Haven, New Haven County
and Bantam, Litchfield County. (Savos, May 5). NEW YORK - Lygus lineolaris

* Slater, J. A. 1964. A Catalogue of the Lygaeidae of the World. Vol. 1:443.

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(tarnished plant bug) noted in orchards in Ulster and Columbia Counties. (N.Y.
Wkly. Rpt., May 3). ALABAMA - Nymphs and adults heavy and damaging in 2 orchards
in Bullock County. (Stone, Ledbetter et al.).

EUROPEAN RED MITE (Panonychus ulmi) - CONNECTICUT - Hatching on apple trees.
(Savos, May 8). PENNSYLVANIA - Hatching on apple trees in Adams County.
(Asquith). OHIO - Eggs found in Jackson County; few nymphs observed in Morgan
County. (Rose). Overwintering egg hatch of 50 percent noted in Wooster, Wayne
County. (Forsythe). MICHIGAN - Eggs on pear trees in southeast section.
(Wooley, Austin, Apr. 30). UTAH - Hatched in orchards in Utah County. (Barlow,
Knowlton) .

A FRUIT-TREE MITE (Bryobia rubrioculus) - UTAH - Hatched in orchards in Utah
County; general and light in orchards in Washington County; active on cherry
trees at Brigham City, Box Elder County and apples, in Sevier County. (Huber,
Barlow, Knowlton).

PEAR LEAF BLISTER MITE (Eriophyes pyri) - CONNECTICUT - Found on opening buds in
Storrs, Tolland County. (Savos, May 5).

APPLE RUST MITE (Aculus schlechtendali) - NEW YORK - Considerable numbers around
base of leaf and fruit ends of Red Delicious apple trees in Clinton County.
(N.Y. Wkly. Rpt., Apr. 29).

CODLING MOTH (Carpocapsa pomonella) - WASHINGTON - Adults caught in traps in
White Swan and Yakima areas, Yakima County, in late April. (Hathaway, Dean).

FRUIT-TREE LEAF ROLLER (Archips argyrospilus) - UTAH - Infesting some apple trees
in Logan-Providence area, Cache County. (Knowlton).

EYE-SPOTTED BUD MOTH (Spilonota ocellana) - WISCONSIN - Half grown larvae numerous
in untreated apple orchard in Madison, Dane County. (Wis. Ins. Sur.).

TENT CATERPILLARS - UTAH - Moderate on apple and cherry trees in Logan-Millville
area, Cache County. (Knowlton).

DOGWOOD BORER (Thamnosphecia scitula) - MICHIGAN - Larvae under bark of Steele
Red apple trees in southeast section. (Wooley, Austin, Apr. 30).

GYPSY MOTH (Porthetria dispar) - MASSACHUSETTS - Hatching began during week of
May 2-8. (Crop Pest Contr. Mess.).

PEACH TWIG BORER (Anarsia lineatella) - IDAHO - Larvae causing some twig dieback
on nectarine in backyards in Parma, Canyon County. (Waters, May 4). COLORADO -
Larvae entering new shoot growth. Low to moderate in most peach orchards in Mesa
and Delta Counties. (Bulla).

ORIENTAL FRUIT MOTH (Grapholitha molesta) - COLORADO - High numbers taken in bait
traps in Palisade area, Mesa County. Range from 1-2 to high of 110 per 5 traps.
(Bulla).

CLIMBING CUTWORMS - MIGHIGAN - Damaging 1 peach block extensively in Benton Harbor
area and attacking grapes in southern section of Berrien County. (Wooley,
Apr. 28).

PLUM CURCULIO (Conotrachelus nenuphar) - GEORGIA - Infesting 55 percent of fruit
in abandoned plum orchard in Spalding County. (Vanderford).

A WEEVIL (Artipus floridanus) - FLORIDA - Adults moderately damaging leaves of
Surinam-cherry at Miami, Dade County. (McFarlin).

A BLISTER BEETLE (Pomphopoea aenea) - OHIO - Feeding on plum blossoms in Wooster,
Wayne County. (Forsythe)

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GREEN PEACH APHID (Myzus persicae) - UTAH - Light to moderate on peaches in
Washington County; nymphs and adults present in orchards in Utah County.
(Huber, Knowlton).

BLACK-MARGINED APHID (Monellia costalis) - OKLAHOMA - Heavy on most pecan trees
in Stillwater area, Payne County. Most leaves covered with honeydew. (Okla.
Coop. Sur.). ALABAMA - Winged adults with increasing broods of young occurring
on pecans throughout central and southern areas. A yellow species widespread
on pecans in many areas. Both species medium and widespread in Mobile County.
(Vickery, Bagby et al.).

BLACK PECAN APHID (Melanocallis caryaefoliae) - GEORGIA - Light on pecans in
Dougherty County; first observation of year. (Tedders) .

APHIDS - GEORGIA - Moderate and general on pecans in Spalding County. (Vanderford).
MASSACHUSETTS - Mature females depositing nymphs on apple foliage. (Crop Pest
Contr. Mess.).

PECAN SPITTLEBUG (Clastoptera achatina) - FLORIDA - Adults and nymphs, probably
this species, quite heavy on stem of pecan in nursery at Monticello, Jefferson
County. (Miller, Apr. 29).

PECAN NUT CASEBEARER (Acrobasis caryae) - GEORGIA - Light on pecans in Dougherty
County. First adults of season taken in light trap. (Tedders). ALABAMA - No
first generation eggs or larvae observed in 12 orchards in Bullock and Lowndes
Counties. (Stone, Matthews, Ledbetter). OKLAHOMA - Heavy on pecan trees in
Mayes County. (Okla. Coop. Sur.).

PECAN LEAF CASEBEARER (Acrobasis juglandis) - ALABAMA - Rather heavy and widespread
on pecans in Tuscaloosa County. (Cooper). GEORGIA - First adult of season taken
in blacklight trap. (Tedders).

HICKORY SHUCKWORM (Laspeyresia caryana) - GEORGIA - Spring emergence of adults
about over, (Tedders) .

A MAY BEETLE - GEORGIA - Caused much feeding damage on pecan foliage in Atlanta
area. (Johnson).

A WEEVIL (Conotrachelus sp.) - OKLAHOMA - Larvae heavy in pecan shoots in Sparks
area, Lincoln County. (Okla. Coop. Sur.).

A SAWFLY - OKLAHOMA - Adults numerous around pecan trees in McCurtain County. No
larvae found. (Okla. Coop. Sur.).

MIGRATORY GRASSHOPPER (Melanoplus sanguinipes) - ARIZONA - Feeding on citrus
leaves in some groves in Yuma County. (Ariz. Coop. Sur.).

CITRUS THRIPS (Scirtothrips citri) - ARIZONA - Continues to increase in citrus
areas of Yuma and Maricopa Counties. Increased controls required. (Ariz. Coop.
Sur.).

A LEAF ROLLER MOTH (Platynota stultana) - ARIZONA - Damaging young buds in citrus
nurseries in Yuma County. Repeated controls required. (Ariz. Coop. Sur.).

COTTONY-CUSHION SCALE (Icerya purchasi) - ARIZONA - Infestations spreading from
older groves to newer plantings in Yuma County. (Ariz. Coop. Sur.).

Citrus Insect Situation in Florida - End of April - CITRUS RUST MITE (Phyllo-
coptruta oleivora) infested 68 percent of groves (norm 59 percent); 40 percent
economic (norm 32 percent). Population above average; entered high range. Will
continue near high level. Highest districts south, west and north. TEXAS CITRUS
MITE (Eutetranychus banksi) infested 50 percent of groves (norm 42 percent); 29
percent economic (norm 19 percent). Will continue above average and will enter

- 481 -

high range in May and increase through June. Highest districts central and south.
CITRUS RED MITE (Panonychus citri) infested 45 percent of groves (norm 60 per-
cent); 16 percent economic (norm 34 percent). Increasing rapidly on new leaves
in some groves. Scattered, heavy infestations expected. Highest districts north
and west. SIX-SPOTTED MITE (Eotetranychus sexmaculatus) light in 6 percent of
groves, none economic. Will remain below average. GLOVER SCALE (Lepidosaphes
gloverii) infested 91 percent of groves, 38 percent economic. Highest popula-
tion in 15 years of record. Little change expected. All districts in high range.
PURPLE SCALE (Lepidosaphes beckii) infested 84 percent of groves, 18 percent
economic; near normal for April. Slight decrease expected. Highest districts
south and central. CHAFF SCALE (Parlatoria pergandii) infested 71 percent of
groves, 14 percent economic, Above average; at moderate level. Little change
expected. Highest districts south and east. BLACK SCALE (Saissetia oleae)
infested 30 percent of groves, 14 percent economic. Above average for April.
Gradual increase will occur through May. Very few heavy infestations expected
until June. Highest districts east and south. YELLOW SCALE (Aonidiella citrina)
infested 62 percent of groves, 16 percent economic. Above average; slight
decrease expected in May. Scattered groves will develop important infestations
in June. Highest districts central and south. Abundance of adults and eggs of
WHITEFLIES above normal. Larvae less numerous than normal in April, above

normal numbers expected in May. MEALYBUGS near very low level normal for April.
Increase expected in May. (W. A. Simanton (Citrus Expt. Sta., Lake Alfred)).

TRUCK CROP INSECTS

COLORADO POTATO BEETLE (Leptinotarsa decemlineata) - DELAWARE - Adults abundant,
average 5 per small potato plant on farm in southern Sussex County. Causing heavy
feeding injury. (Burbutis). MARYLAND - Adults and eggs heavy on newly set
tomatoes at locations in Worchester and Wicomico Counties. (U. Md., Ent. Dept.).
ALABAMA - Medium locally on potatoes in Fayette and Lee Counties. (Pitts,
Ballew).

TOBACCO FLEA BEETLE (Epitrix hirtipennis) - DELAWARE - First adults of season on
young potato plants in Sussex County. (Burbutis). MARYLAND - Damage evident on
newly set tomatoes near Snow Hill, Worchester County. Adults averaged 3 per
plant. (U. Md., Ent. Dept.).

POTATO FLEA BEETLE (Epitrix cucumeris) - DELAWARE - First adults of season fairly
common on young plants at farm in southeast Sussex County. (Burbutis) .

POTATO APHID (Macrosiphum euphorbiae) - DELAWARE - Fairly common on small plantings
of potatoes in Sussex County. (Burbutis). MARYLAND - Increasing on newly set
tomatoes near Snow Hill, Worcester County. (U. Md., Ent. Dept.).

POTATO PSYLLID (Paratrioza cockerelli) - NEVADA - Eggs moderate to heavy on lycium
south of Hawthorn, Mineral County, and east of Coaldale, Esmeralda County.
(Bechtel).

VEGETABLE WEEVIL (Listroderes costirostris obliquus) - OKLAHOMA - Adults damaging
potato plants in home gardens in Logan County. (Okla. Coop. Sur.).

IMPORTED CABBAGEWORM (Pieris rapae) - MICHIGAN - Total of 16 adults noted in
Livingston and Oakland Counties. (Newman, May 2, 3). MARYLAND - Adults observed
at several locations on lower Eastern Shore, (U. Md., Ent. Dept.).

CABBAGE LOOPER (Trichoplusia ni) - ARIZONA - Scattered infestations continue
damage to lettuce fields in Yuma and Maricopa Counties. Some controls still
necessary. (Ariz. Coop. Sur.). FLORIDA - Heavy on untreated cabbage in Belle
Glade area, Palm Beach County. (Genung).

GREEN PEACH APHID (Myzus persicae) - CALIFORNIA - Medium in broccoli plantings
in El Centro, Imperial County. (Cal. Coop. Rpt.). WASHINGTON - Alates and

- 482 -

apterae present, but migration to crops not started in quantity. (Landis).
DELAWARE - Alates present on cabbage sets in southeast Sussex County. (Burbutis).

FLEA BEETLES - NEW JERSEY - Numbers observed on newly set tomato and cabbage
plants. (Ins.-Dis. Newsltr.). MARYLAND - Phyllotreta spp. adults heavy on
cabbage, radishes, turnip greens and collards at several locations on lower
Eastern Shore. (U. Md., Ent. Dept.).

CABBAGE MAGGOT (Hylemya brassicae) - NEW JERSEY - Adults out in numbers. (Ins.-
Dis. Newsltr.).

CABBAGE APHID (Brevicoryne brassicae) - CALIFORNIA - Medium in broccoli plantings
in El Centro, Imperial County. (Cal. Coop. Rpt.).

MEXICAN BEAN BEETLE (Epilachna varivestis) - SOUTH CAROLINA - Generally present
in bean plantings. (Nettles et al,, May 4).

SCARABS (Aphodius spp.) - WASHINGTON - Larvae of 2 species unusually abundant;
caused damage to peas and sugar beets in previous years. Damage could be
extensive in planned bean crop at Basin City, Franklin County. (Landis).

BEAN LEAF BEETLE (Cerotoma trifurcata) - MARYLAND - First adults of season feeding
on young snap beans at Princess Anne, Somerset County. (U. Md., Ent. Dept.).

PEA APHID (Acyrthosiphon pisum) - DELAWARE - Averaged6 per 10 sweeps on young
peas in most areas of State. (Burbutis). OKLAHOMA - Continues to damage
garden legumes in some areas, (Okla. Coop. Sur.).

SEED-CORN MAGGOT (Hylemya platura) - WASHINGTON - Adults abundant in 7i 1d
prepared for beans. (Landis). sete

ONION MAGGOT (Hylemya antiqua) - IDAHO - First adults of season observed April 22
in Parma area, Canyon County. Fly emergence in onion fields during week of

April 28 heaviest since 1959. (Scott, May 4). COLORADO - Reported in set onions;
some damage to stands in Platteville area, Weld County, (Urano et al.). TEXAS e4

Caused local, heavy damage to onions in Floyd County, (Rummel). NEW JERSEY -
Adults out in numbers. (Ins.-Dis. Newsltr.).

THRIPS 3 NEW MEXICO - Unspecified species continue problem in onion and lettuce
fields in Mesilla Valley. Controls applied to onion fieids, (N.M. Coop. Rpt.).

ARMY CUTWORM (Chorizagrotis auxiliaris) - COLORADO - Averagedless than 1 per 3
linear feet of row east of Kersey, Weld County. Damage quite heavy in parts of
fields on set and seed onions. Controls applied. (Urano).

ASPARAGUS BEETLE (Crioceris asparagi) - IDAHO - Adults severely damaging garden
planting at Mountain Home, Elmore County; eggs abundant, (Edwards) .

Beet Leafhopper Survey in Idaho

The 1965 spring survey to determine the number of overwintered adults of beet
leafhopper (Circulifer tenellus) was conducted during March and April. The data
are summarized below, by area, and compared with figures for the previous 5
years in the sampling areas of southern Idaho. All figures are based on the
number of beet leafhoppers per 100 square feet.

- 483 -

Area 1965 1964 1963 1962 1961 1960
Glenns Ferry (Elmore Co.) 20 8 24 41 91 5
Jerome (Jerome Co.) 6 0.2 8 22 40 17
Mountain Home (Elmore Co.) 26 6 20 24 26 5}
Sailor Creek (Owyhee Co.) 30 37 25 113 60 60
Bruneau-Murphy (Owyhee Co.) 100 37 25 13 * *
Twin Falls (Twin Falls Co.) 9 2, 4 14 29 34

Average 18 22 16 72 44 19
* No records made

Areas of 7,000 acres in the Rattlesnake Gulch area near Mountain Home (Elmore
County), 5,000 acres near Orchard (Ada County) and 1,600 acres near Bruneau
(Owyhee County) may require chemical control but this control will be based on
results of nymphal surveys to be conducted during May. (Evans) .

WIREWORMS (Limonius spp.) - WASHINGTON - Adults abundant; larvae damaging beet
plants near Walla Walla, Walla Walla County, and potato seed pieces near Pasco,
Franklin County. (Landis).

MELON APHID (Aphis gossypii) - ARIZONA - Medium to light, requiring some controls,
in melon fields in Yuma County. (Ariz. Coop. Sur.).

STRAWBERRY WEEVIL (Anthonomus signatus) - MARYLAND - Adults caused noticeable
injury to unprotected strawberries in Wicomico County. (U. Md., Ent. Dept.).

TWO-SPOTTED SPIDER MITE (Tetranychus telarius) - NEW YORK - Several heavy infesta-
tions on strawberries in Suffolk County. (N.Y. Wkly. Rpt., May 4).

RASPBERRY CROWN BORER (Bembecia marginata) - IDAHO - Infesting canes at Twin
Falls, Twin Falls County. (Youtz).

' RED-NECKED CANE BORER (Agrilus ruficollis) - RHODE ISLAND - Larvae found in canes
in raspberry planting in Narragansett, Washington County. (Mueller, Mathewson).

WIREWORMS - IDAHO - Adults, possibly Limonius sp., flying in Parma area, Canyon
County. An adult, probably Ctenicera pruinina (Great Basin wireworm) and larvae
of at least 2 species screened from soil at Hammett, Elmore County. (Scott,
Thornton, May 4).

AN ACARID MITE - OKLAHOMA - Heavy on and around vegetable produce in Osage County.
(Okla. Coop. Sur.).
TOBACCO INSECTS

GREEN PEACH APHID (Myzus persicae) - GEORGIA - Light on tobacco in southern area,
(Johnson) .

BUDWORMS (Heliothis spp.) - GEORGIA - Moderate to heavy on tobacco in southern
area, (Johnson).

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COTTON INSECTS

COTTON APHID (Aphis gossypii) — ARIZONA - Damaging cotton in areas of Yuma and
Maricopa Counties, particularly where no controls applied at planting. (Ariz.
Coop. Sur.). TEXAS - Light in Bee County and moderate to heavy in Victoria
County. (Texas Coop. Rpt.). General but light in McLennan and Falls Counties;
light in 23 and medium in 2 of 25 untreated fields examined. Light in 3 and
none in 3 of 6 systemically or other treated fields. (Cowan et al.). ALABAMA -
Extremely heavy on young cotton throughout Monroe County; heavier than usual.
(Martin). GEORGIA - Light to moderate on cotton in southern area. (Johnson).

APHIDS - MISSISSIPPI - Present in many delta county fields. If weather continues
hot, aphids should decline. (Pfrimmer et al.).

COTTON FLEAHOPPER (Psallus seriatus) - TEXAS - Ranged 15-35 per 100 terminals in
lower Rio Grande Valley. Ranged 10-30 per 100 terminals in Neuces County.
Ranged 15-70 per 100 terminals with many nymphs present in San Patricio’ County.
Light in Houston, Brazoria, Bee, Fort Bend, Madison, Jim Wells, Refugio and
Victoria Counties. (Texas Coop. Rpt.). Adults found in 16 of 25 untreated
fields in McLennan and Falls Counties; averaged 1.5 per 100 linear feet of row
with maximum of 14.0. Found in 1 of 6 systemically or other treated fields;
averaged 0.2 per 100 feet of row. (Cowan et al.).

LYGUS BUGS (Lygus spp.) - TEXAS - Found in one field of all fields examined in
McLennan and Falls Counties. (Cowan et al.).

THRIPS - GEORGIA - Light to heavy on cotton in southern area. (Johnson).

ALABAMA - Occurring in young cottonin St. Clair County; some controls applied.
(Jackson). MISSISSIPPI - Light to date in delta counties. (Pfrimmer et al.).
TEXAS - Heavy in Jackson, Walker and Madison Counties; light to moderate in
Brazoria, Bee and Fort Bend Counties. (Texas Coop. Rpt.). Increased over
previous week in McLennan and Falls Counties. Inspection of 25 untreated fields
revealed medium in 5, light in 18 and none in 2. Light in 1 and none in 5
systemically treated fields. (Cowan et al.). ARIZONA - Frankliniella occidentalis
(western flower thrips) medium and caused damage to seedling cotton in Greenlee,
Graham, Maricopa and Pinal Counties, particularly where fields not treated at
planting. (Ariz. Coop. Sur.).

BOLLWORM (Heliothis zea) - TEXAS - Feeding on terminals in Willacy and eastern
Cameron Counties; 10-20 larvae per 100 plants. Damaging terminals in Refugio
County. (Texas Coop. Rpt.). Total of 99 larvae collected as eggs or larvae
from field host plants and reared to fifth instars determined as H. zea in
McLennan and Falls Counties; 24 larvae and 15 eggs found on 250 Indian paint-—
brush plants; 19 larvae and 14 eggs collected in 25 sweeps of Indian paintbrush.
One larva found in untreated field of cotton. «Cowan etal)

PINK BOLLWORM (Pectinophora gossypiella) - TEXAS - Total of 14 moths collected
from 3 cages containing green bolls collected in November and placed on soil
surface; 56 moths from 3 cages containing green bolls placed on screen 6 inches
above soil in November. Total of 65 moths emerged from cages containing 100
pounds of bollie cotton collected from standing stalks in March in McLennan and
Falls Counties. (Cowan et al.).

CUTWORMS - MISSISSIPPI - Major problem to cotton in delta counties; many reports

of damage, particularly in skip-row cotton. Several fields with heavy infestations
of Agrotis ipsilon (black cutworm). Fields all 2 x 2 or 4 x 4 skip-row cotton;
fields with heavy grass and weed growth 2-4 weeks previously. (Pfrimmer et al.).

GARDEN WEBWORM (Loxostege similalis) - TEXAS - Damaged one field in McLennan-
Falls County area. (Cowan et al.).

CABBAGE LOOPER (Trichoplusia ni) - TEXAS - Found in 3 fields examined in McLennan
and Falls Counties. (Cowan et al.).

- 485 —-

YELLOW-STRIPED ARMYWORM (Prodenia ornithogalli) - TEXAS = Occasional specimen found
in 9 fields in McLennan and Falls Counties. (Cowan et al.).

BOLL WEEVIL (Anthonomus grandis) - TEXAS - Two weevils found in 2 of 31 fields
inspected in McLennan and Falls Counties; one collected on flight screen. Weevils
removed from hibernation cages beginning May 3. Survival percentage as follows:
0.3 in 2 cages containing 1,000 field collected weevils installed October 29;

2.2 in cage containing 136 weevils removed from ground trash and rehibernated

on December 2; and 3.3 in cage containing 152 weevils from ground trash and
rehibernated in March 1965. (Cowan et al.).

GRASSHOPPERS - MISSISSIPPI - Numerous Second and third instars causing consider-
able loss of seedling cotton in spots in delta counties. Fields 2 x 2 or 4 x 4

skip-row cotton; fields with heavy grass and weed growth 2-3 weeks previously.

(Pfrimmer et al.).

SPIDER MITES - TEXAS - Light, local populations present in Refugio County fields.
(Deer). ARIZONA - Tetranychus telarius (two-spotted spider mite) heavy on cotton
in Roll area of Yuma County and in some areas of Maricopa County. (Ariz. Coop.
Sur.).

FOREST, ORNAMENTAL AND SHADE TREE INSECTS

CONIFER APHIDS (Cinara spp.) - CALIFORNIA - C. sibiricae heavy on Pfitzer juniper
nursery stock in Turlock, Stanislaus County, and probably this species, medium on
juniper at Travis Air Force Base, Solano County. (Cal. Coop. Rpt.). WISCONSIN -
C. cembrae hatched on red and Scotch pines in western Dane County. Half grown
nymphs fairly numerous. (Wis. Ins. Sur.).

AN APHID (Eulachnus rileyi) - CALIFORNIA - Heavy on pine trees locally in
Pittsburg, Contra Costa County. (Cal. Coop. Rpt.).

PINE NEEDLE SCALE (Phenacaspis pinifoliae) -— RHODE ISLAND - Specimens in Kingston
and West Kingston, Washington County, bearing unhatched eggs, May 4. Expected to
be common this year. (Mathewson). OHIO - Still in egg stage in spruce planting
in Coshocton County. (Walker).

PINE SPITTLEBUG (Aphrophora parallela) - OHIO -— Foam masses observed at base of
new shoots of Scotch pine in northwestern Jackson County. Nymphs infested
1 percent or less of terminals. Det. by J. T. Walker. (Rose).

SILVER-SPOTTED TIGERMOTH (Halisidota argentata) - CALIFORNIA - Causing medium
damage to deodar cedars locally in Menlo Park, San Mateo County. (Cal. Coop. Rpt.).

SPRUCE NEEDLE MINER (Taniva albolineana) - IDAHO - Infesting Engelmann and blue
spruces at Moscow, Latah County, and at Grangeville, Idaho County. (Studer,
Portpan, May 4). Infesting ornamental spruce at Nezperce, Lewis County. (Dailey).

SPRUCE NEEDLE MINERS (Recurvaria spp.) - MINNESOTA - Larvae active in Owatonna
area. (Minn. Ins. Rpt.).

NANTUCKET PINE TIP MOTH (Rhyacionia frustrana) - ALABAMA - First generation
larvae on pine tips throughout most of State, especially in Lee and Geneva
Counties. (Smith et al.). NORTH CAROLINA - Light on pines locally in Lee County
April 29. (Wray).

JUNIPER WEBWORM (Dichomeris marginellus) - RHODE ISLAND - Larva found in planting
in North Kingston, Washington County on May 4. (Kerr).

ARBORVITAE LEAF MINER (Argyresthia thuiella) - NEW YORK - Larvae found in foliage
in Ithaca area, Tompkins County. (N.Y. Wkly. Rpt., May 3).

- 486 -

A EURYTOMID (Eurytoma tumoris) - CALIFORNIA - Specimens mentioned as probably
this species in CEIR 15(17):384 now determined as above species by Dr. R. Bugbee.
(Hawthorne).

EASTERN TENT CATERPILLAR (Malacosoma americanum) -—- RHODE ISLAND - First hatch
noted April 15. Concentration on State Route 146 in Lincoln, Providence County.
To May 7, tents still small and obscure. (Veilleux, Mathewson, King).
MASSACHUSETTS - Hatching in western section of State May 2. (Wave). OHIO -
Generally active in southern section of State. Particularly heavy and damaging
on wild cherry in Meigs and Hamilton Counties. Many trees almost defoliated.
(Rose, Rings). WISCONSIN - Hatching and small webs observed in Dane and Sauk
Counties. (Wis. Ins. Sur.). COLORADO - Very heavy on Chinese elm, plum and
Russian-olive in Buckeye area, northwest of Wellington, Larimer County.
(Cronkhite).

FOREST TENT CATERPILLAR (Malacosoma disstria) - MINNESOTA - Egg mass surveys
during fall and winter indicate infestation of 3,400,000 acres along north bound-
ary of State this season. Heavy defoliation expected on 300,000 acres and
moderate on 900,000 acres. Hatching in International Falls area, Koochiching
County. (Minn. Ins. Rpt.). MASSACHUSETTS - Nests becoming conspicuous on black
cherry in western part of State. (Wave).

SPRING CANKERWORM (Paleacrita vernata) - WISCONSIN - Eggs common on elm near
Mazomanie, Dane County. No hatching observed. (Wis. Ins. Sur.). MINNESOTA -
No egg laying observed in Minneapolis-St. Paul area. (Minn. Ins. Rpt., May 3).
NORTH DAKOTA - Total of 62 adults caught in light trap at Fargo, Cass County.
(Frye). DELAWARE - Young larvae in elms in areas of Sussex County. (Burbutis).

FALL CANKERWORM (Alsophila pometaria) - MINNESOTA - Populations decreasing.
(Minn. Ins. Rpt., May 3).

CANKERWORMS - SOUTH DAKOTA - populations high during spring. Adult activity
indicates heavy populations for 1965 in some areas; controls urged. (Kantack).
NEW YORK - Hatching egg cluster observed in North Sea, Suffolk County. (N.Y.
Wkly. Rpt., Apr. 30).

CARPENTERWORM (Prionoxystus robiniae) - CALIFORNIA - Pupae heavy locally in trunk
and bark of ash trees in Marysville, Yuba County. (Cal. Coop. Rpt.).

GYPSY MOTH (Porthetria dispar) - RHODE ISLAND - First hatch observed May 6 in
Cranston. Winter survey indicates some buildup in State, with concentrations
in parts of Cranston, Johnston and Lincoln in Providence County. (Veilleux,
Mathewson). NEW JERSEY - Hatching in Round Top area, Warren Township, Somerset
County. (Mumma).

SMALLER EUROPEAN ELM BARK BEETLE (Scolytus multistriatus) - IOWA - Pupation
expected May 3 in Ames area; about 75 percent larval mortality noted. (Iowa Ins.
Inf.). MICHIGAN - Some pupae turning brown, adult emergence expected in 7-10
days at Lansing, Ingham County. (Wallner, Butcher, May 7). MINNESOTA — Still
in late larval stage at 45 degrees parallel. (Minn. Ins. Rpt., May 3).

ELM LEAF BEETLE (Galerucella xanthomelaena) - IDAHO - Egg laying underway as elms
begin to leaf out. (Scott, May 4). NEVADA - Adults active, feeding on foliage
in Hawthorne, Mineral County; no eggs observed. (Bechtel). MISSOURI - Noted

on Chinese elms; laying eggs. (Wkly. Ins. Rpt.). OKLAHOMA - Active and ovi-
positing in most areas of State; light to moderate. Hatching in Custer County.
(Okla. Coop. Sur.).

IMPORTED WILLOW LEAF BEETLE (Plagiodera versicolora) - ALABAMA - Larvae
defoliating leaves of weeping willow in Morgan County. (Rutledge).

COTTONWOOD LEAF BEETLES (Chrysomela scripta complex) - FLORIDA - Adults and
nymphs moderately damaging stem and leaves of poplar in nursery at Monticello,
Jefferson County. (Phillips).

- 487 -

A LEAF BEETLE (Eurypepla jamaicensis) - FLORIDA - Adults completely defoliating
geiger tree at Hollywood, Broward County. (Shirah, Apr. 30).

MAY BEETLES (Phyllophaga spp.) -— OKLAHOMA - Numerous on trees and around lights
at night in many areas of State. (Okla. Coop. Sur.).

BIRCH LEAF MINER (Fenusa pusilla) - MASSACHUSETTS - Adults active and ovipositing
on birches; controls recommended. (Crop Pest Contr. Mess.).

ELM LEAF MINER (Fenusa ulmi) - DELAWARE - Larvae actively mining small, new
leaves of elms in area in Sussex County. (Burbutis).

APHIDS - WASHINGTON - Undetermined aphids, along with few Pulvinaria innumerabilis
(cottony maple scale), causing Norway and sugar maples to "drip" unusually early
in Prosser and Walla Walla areas. (Landis). CALIFORNIA - Nymphs, probably
Prociphilus fraxinifolii, medium to heavy on ash tree nursery stock in Vista,

San Diego County and medium on nursery stock in Santa Maria, Santa Barbara County.
(Cal. Coop. Rpt.). UTAH - Unspecified species numerous on hazel, rose and spirea
at Salt Lake City, Salt Lake County, and Logan, Cache County; many shrubs and
other plants moderately infested in Washington County. (Knowlton). ARIZONA -
Aphis spiraecola (spirea aphid) medium and damaging spirea plants and other
ornamentals in Graham County. (Ariz. Coop. Sur.). OKLAHOMA - Myzocallis ulmifolii
(elm leaf aphid) heavy on elms in Stillwater area, Payne County; unspecified
species damaging weeping willows in Garvin and oaks in Marshall and Lincoln
Counties. (Okla. Coop. Sur.). KANSAS - Undetermined species heavy on roses,
snowball viburnum, spirea and other ornamentals. (Gates, Brooks, Apr. 30).
WISCONSIN - Anuraphis viburnicola (snowball aphid) distorting developing flowers
at Middleton, Dane County. Colonies of Rhopalosiphum fitchii (apple grain aphid)
numerous on flowering crabapple in Madison area of Dane County. (Wis. Ins. Sur.).
MARYLAND - Macrosiphum rosae (rose aphid) becoming problem on roses in numerous
locations over State. (U. Md., Ent. Dept.). GEORGIA - Undetermined species
extremely heavy on water oaks in Griffin, Spalding County (Tippins) and heavy on
crabapple and other plants inAthens area, Clarke County (Williams).

A PSYLLID (Psylla uncatoides) - CALIFORNIA - Heavy on acacia tree nursery stock
in Merced, Merced County. (Cal. Coop. Rpt.).

A PYSLLID (Paratrioza lavaterae) - CALIFORNIA - Eggs, nymphs and adults heavy on
mallow in Goleta, Santa Barbara County. (Cal. Coop. Rpt.).

A WHITEFLY (Aleurotuberculatus similis) - RHODE ISLAND - Puparia noted on Ilex
crenata on property in Kingston, Washington County, May 5. (Mathewson).

WHITEFLIES - ALABAMA - Adults localized on camellias and azaleas in Geneva
County. (Smith).

GARDEN FLEAHOPPER (Halticus bracteatus) - FLORIDA - Adults moderately damaging
leaves of philodendron at Winter Garden, Orange County. (Griffith, Kipp, Apr. 27).

COCCIDS - GEORGIA - Lecanium quercifex unusually abundant on oak in Spalding
County. (Tippins). NORTH CAROLINA -— Pseudaonidia paeoniae heavily infesting
camellias in a nursery in Cumberland County and one in Sampson County.
(Robertson). MARYLAND - Undetermined soft scales infesting dogwood at College
Park and willow oak at Beltsville, Prince Georges County. (U. Md., Ent. Dept.).
CONNECTICUT - Lecanium nigrofasciatum (terrapin scale) noted on maples in
Coventry. (Savos). CALIFORNIA — Light to medium, spotted infestations of Diaspis
boisduvalii on cattleya orchids in Los Osos, San Luis Obispo County. (Cal.

Coop. Rpt.).

AZALEA LACE BUG (Stephanitis pyrioides) - GEORGIA - Moderate on leaves of
azalea in Evans County. (Powell).

- 488 -

A LACE BUG - OKLAHOMA - Ranged 2-3 per leaf on elms in restricted areas of Payne
County. (Okla. Coop. Sur.).

ROSE LEAFHOPPER (Edwardsiana rosae) -— UTAH - Discoloring rose foliage at Salt
Lake City, Salt Lake County. (Knowlton).

VARIABLE OAK LEAF CATERPILLAR (Heterocampa manteo) — OKLAHOMA - Damaging roses
and other ornamental shrubs in Pawnee County. (Okla. Coop. Sur.).

CABBAGE LOOPER (Trichoplusia ni) - PENNSYLVANIA - Heavy and feeding on large
variety of plants in greenhouse in Pike County. (Gesell).

TWO-SPOTTED SPIDER MITE (Tetranychus telarius) - ARIZONA —- Infestations appearing
on ornamentals in Yuma, Maricopa and Pinal Counties. (Ariz. Coop. Sur.).
CALIFORNIA - Adults, probably this species, heavy on ivy nursery stock locally

in Marysville, Yuba County. (Cal. Coop. Rpt.).

MITES - ARIZONA - Oligonychus spp. severely damaging juniper in Yuma County.
(Ariz. Coop. Sur.). WISCONSIN - Galls of an unspecified eriophyid mite on newly
developing leaves of flowering almond at Middletown, Dane County. (Wis. Ins.
Sur.). FLORIDA - Eotetranychus lewisi moderately damaging leaves of poinsettia
at Miami, Dade County. All stages present. (Herrmann, Apr. 30). GEORGIA -
Heavy infestations of an undetermined mite on leaves of azalea in Dodge County.
(Martin).

INSECTS AFFECTING MAN AND ANIMALS

MOSQUITOES - NEVADA - Moderate populations of adult Aedes sp. in Virgin Valley,
Clark County. (Bechtel, Zoller). UTAH - Undetermined species causing moderate
annoyance on farms along Virgin River, Washington County. (Knowlton, Huber).
OKLAHOMA -— Moderate number of adults of unspecified species active in Payne,
Noble and Mayes Counties. (Okla. Coop. Sur.). IOWA - Mosquitoes, probably
Aedes vexans, hatched in roadside ditches in central area. Second-stage larvae
appeared on April 30. Roadside pools sampled in Story County on that date
averaged 5 larvae per dip. Adults expected to emerge May 5. (Iowa Ins. Inf.).
MINNESOTA - Low densities of mosquito larvae in Minneapolis-St. Paul area.
Larval counts much lower than in spring of 1964. By May 7 almost all of single-
brooded Aedes were in third and fourth larval stages; also by this date

A. vexans and A, sticticus were common in all collections made by Metropolitan
Mosquito Control District. The first Aedes emergence expected during week of
May 10. Heavy hatch of A. vexans expected following heavy rains of May 6 and 7.
(Minn. Ins. Rpt.). FLORIDA - Following were taken biting man between 7 and

7:30 p.m. at Gainesville, Alachua County, May 1: Psorophora ferox 1, Mansonia
perturbans 62 and Anopheles quadrimaculatus (common malaria mosquito) 1. (Esser).

FACE FLY (Musca autumnalis) - OHIO - Average of 4-6 flies per face on small
herd of dairy cattle in Perry County. Up to 10 flies per cow in Morgan County
and average of 3 flies per face on small herd of young whitefaced steers in
Pickaway County. (Rose). WISCONSIN - First activity of season reported from
Rock County. (Wis. Ins. Sur.).

HOUSE FLY (Musca domestica) - OKLAHOMA - Averaged 7 per Scudder grid in untreated
barns in Payne County. (Okla. Coop. Sur.).

LITTLE HOUSE FLY (Fannia canicularis) - NORTH CAROLINA - Abundant in several
poultry houses in Mecklenburg County and causing some annoyance to residents in
the vicinity. (G. D. Jones).

HORN FLY (Haematobia irritans) - SOUTH CAROLINA -— Populations building up state—
wide. (Nettles et al., May 4). GEORGIA - Average of 85 flies per animal on
untreated herd in Spalding County. (Roberts). ALABAMA -— A medium, widespread
infestation on cattle in Sumter County where controls not applied. (Story).

- 489 -

OKLAHOMA - Numbers increasing. Counts per head averaged as follows: 500 on
steers and 1,500 on bulls in Payne County, 125 on cows and 450 on bulls in Noble
and Garfield Counties, 500 on cows in Pushmataha, Latimer, Le Flore and McCurtain
Counties. Moderate to heavy on cattle in Muskogee, Okfuskee, Murray, Grady,
Greer and Ellis Counties. (Okla. Coop. Sur.).

BLACK FLIES - RHODE ISLAND - Reported biting in north Smithfield and Smithfield
in Providence County. (King).

TABANIDS - OKLAHOMA - Hybometra lasiophthalma averaged 2-3 per head on cattle in
sheltered areas in Payne and Cherokee Counties. Unspecified horse flies light
in southeastern area. (Okla. Coop. Sur.). NEVADA - Silvius pollinosus adults
active in Virgin Valley, Clark County. (Bechtel, Zoller).

A BITING MIDGE (Culicoides crepuscularis) - WASHINGTON - One male taken in Malaise
trap at Pullman, May 4; much earlier than any previous catches. (Akre).

SHEEP KED (Melophagus ovinus) - UTAH - Light to moderate in Sevier and Iron County
sheep. (Rickenbach, Sjoblom, Knowlton). Moderately numerous to severe in several
Summit County flocks. Some control applied. (Moor, Knowlton).

BLACK BLOW FLY (Phormia regina) - ALABAMA - Larvae on cattle in Chambers and
Dallas Counties. (Emrick, Stephenson, Arrington).

CATTLE GRUBS (Hypoderma spp.) - UTAH - Adults active in Washington County meadows
(Huber, Knowlton) and Iron County (Sjoblom, Knowlton). WISCONSIN - Severe in-
festation on young cattle in Juneau County. (Wis. Ins. Sur.).

SCREW-WORM (Cochliomyia hominivorax) - ARIZONA - Eight infestations reported for
period April 25-May 1 in counties as follows: Cochise 6, Santa Cruz 1 and
Greenlee l. (Ariz. Coop. Sur.). (see also p. 494).

AMERICAN DOG TICK (Dermacentor variabilis) - RHODE ISLAND - Active since early
April. Reports of concentrations in Bristol, Bristol County; Jamestown and

Newport in Newport County; South Kingston, Narragansett and Exeter in Washington
County. (Mathewson, Hyland, Peabody). DELAWARE - Very numerous in New Castle
County. (Burbutis). OHIO - A few collected at Lake Hope State Park, Vinton
County. Dog in Jackson County infested with 20 unengorged to almost fully engorged
ticks. (Rose). OKLAHOMA - Heavy on dogs in Noble County. (Okla. Coop. Sur.).

LONE STAR TICK (Amblyomma americanum) - OKLAHOMA - Populations moderate to heavy
on cattle in Pushmataha, McCurtain, Latimer, Le Flore and Haskell Counties. (Okla.
Coop. Sur.).

TICKS - UTAH - Annoying picknickers in Odden Canyon, Weber County, and Logan
Canyon, Cache County. (Knowlton). WISCONSIN - First reports of seasonal
activity. (Minn. Ins. Rpt.).

CATTLE LICE - UTAH - Troublesome in a number of Iron County beef herds. (Sjoblom,
Knowlton). Sucking cattle lice moderately numerous in several beef cattle herds
in Summit County. Undetermined species annoying cattle at Santaquin, Utah

County. (Knowlton).

SWALLOW BUG (Oeciacus vicarius) - OKLAHOMA - Taken in a Swallow nest in Woods
County, April 28. This bug readily fed on a human when given the opportunity.
(Okla. Coop. Sur.).

HOUSEHOLD AND STRUCTURAL INSECTS
CLOVER MITE (Bryobia praetiosa) - UTAH - Continues to invade many homes in

northern and central part of State. (Knowlton). NORTH DAKOTA - Large numbers
of concern to homeowners in the southeast. (Frye). OHIO - Several reports and

= 490 =

inquiries about control from Franklin and Wayne Counties. (Jones, Treese).
NORTH CAROLINA — Heavy in a Wake County home, April 29. (Wray). MARYLAND -
Invasions annoying to homeowners in Anne Arundel, Montgomery and Queen Annes
Counties. (U. Md., Ent. Dept.). VERMONT —- Common in many areas. (MacCollon,
May 3). RHODE ISLAND - Complaints from all parts of State since April, with
concentrations in Westerly, Washington County, and in Lincoln-Cumberland area of
Providence County. (Mathewson, Veilleux, King).

SUBTERRANEAN TERMITES (Reticulitermes spp.) - RHODE ISLAND - First alates of
R. flavipes (eastern subterranean termite) on January 19. Common since mid-—
March in all parts of State. (Mathewson, Veilleux). OHIO — Swarming of

R. flavipes evident in Franklin and Hamilton Counties. (Rings, Jones).
‘OKLAHOMA — Winged reproductives of R. virginicus swarming in several locations
in Payne, Noble and Kay Counties. (Okla. Coop. Sur.). IDAHO - Workers and
soldiers of R. hesperus (western subterranean termite) reported in home at
Orofino, Clearwater County. (Fitzsimmons, May 4). Winged adults noted at
Challis, Custer County. (Edwards, May 4).

A GNAT (Scatopse fuscipes) - CALIFORNIA - Large numbers creating a household and
yard nuisance by invading San Luis Obispo County. Earlier nuisance populations
occurred in the Manteca area from winery wastes and in northern San Joaquin
County. This is a non-biting species. (B. Keh, Vector Control).

BLACK CARPENTER ANT (Camponotus pennsylvanicus) - MARYLAND - Winged adults in and
around several homes in Montgomery and Prince Georges Counties. (U. Md., Ent.
Dept.). MICHIGAN - Generally invading buildings in State, especially near wooded
areas or where a new stock of firewood has been placed in basement or in an
attached garage. (Janes).

CARPENTER BEES - NEW JERSEY - Troublesome in Morris County. (Ins.-Dis. Newsltr.).
RHODE ISLAND - Adults of Xylocopa virginica actively flying. (Mathewson).

BOXELDER BUG (Leptocoris trivittatus) - UTAH - Occasional annoyance in homes at
Richfield. (Knowlton). RHODE ISLAND - Frequent complaints and specimens from
Lincoln-Cumberland section of Providence County. (Mathewson, Veilleux).

ELM LEAF BEETLE (Galerucella xanthomelaena) —- NEBRASKA - Adults abundant and a
nuisance in homes in Lincoln County. (Pruess). VERMONT - Common in many areas.
(MacCollom, May 3).

AN EUCNEMID BEETLE (Melasis rufipennis) - NORTH CAROLINA - Reported in CEIR 15
(16) :347 as an eucnemid beetle has been determined as this species by
T. J. Spilman. (Mount).

COCKROACHES - UTAH - Control necessary in some homes and restaurants in Richfield
and elsewhere in Sevier County (Rickenbach, Knowlton) and in St. George
(Knowlton). WISCONSIN - Considerable annoyance and concern because of Parcoblatta
pennsylvanica in Columbia County. (Wis. Ins. Sur.). CONNECTICUT - P. virginica
nymphs found in house at West Hartford, Hartford County. (Savos). MARYLAND -
Blatta orientalis (oriental cockroach) nymph found in home at University Park,
Prince Georges County. (U. Md., Ent. Dept.).

LARDER BEETLE (Dermestes lardarius) - CONNECTICUT - Found in home at Bridgeport,
Fairfield County. Savos).

BLACK CARPET BEETLE (Attagenus piceus) - CONNECTICUT - Adults found in home at
Unionville, Hartford County. (Savos).

CADELLE (Tenebroides mauritanicus) - OKLAHOMA - Large numbers boring in walls of
empty wooden grain bin in Washita County. (Okla. Coop. Sur.).

ARMY CUTWORM (Chorizagrotis auxiliaris) - ARIZONA - Migrating infestations
becoming problem to homeowners in Yuma, Yuma County. (Ariz. Coop. Sur.).

= 4@il =

SOWBUGS - OHIO - Inquiries concerning control in home and garden from Franklin
County and specimens from Cuyahoga County. (Delaplane, Jones).

BENEFICIAL INSECTS

LADY BEETLES - WASHINGTON - Hippodamia convergens (convergent lady beetle)
averaged 1 per 100 sweeps in Pasco and Walla Walla areas. (Halfhill). IDAHO -
Unspecified species ranged 2-4 per sweep in alfalfa where Acyrthosiphon pisum
(pea aphid) averaged 1 per 2 sweeps in Bowmont, Canyon County. (Homan, May 4).
NEVADA - Undetermined species and other predators and parasites heavy in all
alfalfa checked in southern Clark County. (Bechtel, Zoller). UTAH -

H. convergens appearing in alfalfa at Willard, Box Elder County; not numerous.
(Knowlton). NEW MEXICO - Lady beetles, mainly H. convergens, adults, larvae and
pupae very abundant in Valencia and Bernalillo Counties in fields infested with
Therioaphis maculata (spotted alfalfa aphid) and Acyrthosiphon pisum. (Heninger,
Coppock). ARKANSAS - Primarily H. convergens, found at rate of 60-80 per 100
sweeps in alfalfa in central area; two-thirds adults and one-third larvae. (Ark.
Ins. Sur.). ILLINOIS - Adults of several species vary 20-80 (average 55) and
10-40 (average 24) per 100 sweeps in alfalfa in west-southwest and east-south-
east districts, respectively. Much heavier further south. (I1l. Ins. Rpt.).

A BRACONID (Aphidius pulcher) - IDAHO - Adults of this parasite of Acyrthosiphon
pisum (pea aphid) collected on alfalfa north of Caldwell, Canyon County.
(Bechtolt, May 4). WASHINGTON - Braconids averaged 105 per 100 sweeps in Pasco
and Walla areas. First Aphidius smithi collected in Walla Walla area. (Halfhill).

AN ICHNEUMON (Biolysia tristis) - ILLINOIS —- Adults vary 0-2.5 per 100 sweeps in
alfalfa in southern third of State. This is first year of survey for this
parasite of Hypera punctata (clover leaf weevil). This is a new State record.
It is now known in the following counties: Cumberland, Jasper, Clay, Marion,
Clinton, Bond, Madison, St. Clair, Randolph, Edwards, White, Hardin, Massac,
Pulaski, Gallatin, Franklin, Monroe, Fayette, Effingham, Clark, Coles, Edgar,
Christian, Macon, Menard and Mason. (Ill. Ins. Rpt.).

HYMENOPTEROUS PARASITES —- NEW YORK - Parasitized approximately 70 percent of
fall cankerworm (Alsophila pometaria) collected at Mamaroneck, Westchester

County. (N.Y. Wkly. Rpt.).

FLOWER FLIES - ILLINOIS - Larvae vary 0-10 per 100 sweeps in alfalfa in southern
third of State. (Ill. Ins. Rpt.). WASHINGTON - Averaged 1 per 200 sweeps in
Pasco and Walla Walla areas. (Halfhill).

DAMSEL BUGS (Nabis spp.) -— ILLINOIS - Vary 4-40 (average 15) and 10-80 (average
35) per 100 sweeps in alfalfa in east-southeast and west-southwest districts,
respectively. (Ill. Ins. Rpt.). ARKANSAS - Small numbers noted; about 10-15
or 100 sweeps in legume and grain fields. (Ark. Ins. Sur.). UTAH -
alternatus appearing in alfalfa at Willard, Box Elder County; not numerous,

ensalton

A FLOWER BUG (Orius insidiosus) - ARKANSAS - Numbers disappointing in legume
and small grain fields; ranged none to very few. (Ark. Ins. Sur.).

A BIG-EYED BUG (Geocoris punctipes) - ARKANSAS - Numbers disappointing; very
few found in legume and small grain fields. (Ark. Ins. Sur.).

LACEWINGS - ILLINOIS - Chrysopa oculata (golden-eye lacewing) and brown lacewings
adults vary 0-6 per 100 sweeps; larvae appearing in alfalfa in west-southwest

and east-southeast districts. (Ill. Ins. Rpt.). ARKANSAS - Chrysopa spp. larvae
ranged 30-40 per 100 sweeps in alfalfa in central area. (Ark. Ins. Sur.).

- 492 -
MISCELLANEOUS INSECTS

A CUBAN MAY BEETLE (Phyllophaga bruneri) - FLORIDA - Heavy emergence of adults;
caused heavy damage to foliage of West Indies mahogany at residence in Miami,
Dade County, where 49,210 adults were collected in black light trap on one night.
(Habeck).

MAY BEETLES (Phyllophaga spp.) - OHIO - Widespread activity; adults collected in
Jackson, Franklin, Hamilton and Wayne Counties. (Walker et al.).

SEED-CORN BEETLE (Agonoderus lecontei) - WISCONSIN - Adults appearing in Dane
County black light traps. (Wis. Ins. Sur.).

VEGETABLE WEEVIL (Listroderes costirostris obliquus) - CALIFORNIA - All stages
heavy in soil locally in Bakersfield County. (Cal. Coop. Rpt.).

VESPID WASPS (Polistes spp.) - RHODE ISLAND - Emerging generally in all areas.
(Mathewson).

CARPENTER ANTS (Camponotus spp.) - DELAWARE - Large flights occurred in New
Castle County. (Burbutis).

VARIEGATED CUTWORM (Peridroma saucia) - CALIFORNIA - Larvae heavy in soil
locally in Bakersfield, Kern County. (Cal. Coop. Rpt.).

CORRECTIONS

CEIR 15(16):356 - Highlights - SMALLER EUROPEAN BARK BEETLE ...found for the
first time in Nevada... . Should read ...found for the first time in Lyon and
Pershing Counties, Nevada, ‘ ar ee

CEIR 15(16):370 - WESTERN DRYWOOD TERMITE (Incisitermes minor) ...Washoe
County, NEVADA. Should read Nye County, NEVADA. This constituted a new
county record and was the second record for the State.

493 -

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- 494 -
STATUS OF THE SCREW-WORM (Cochliomyia hominivorax) IN THE SOUTHWEST

During the period May 2-8, 12 cases were reported in the Southwestern Eradication

Area. Cases reported in TEXAS: El Paso, La Salle, Webb, Jim Hogg and Cameron Counties
one each, Brooks and Live Oak Counties 2 each. In NEW MEXICO: Hidalgo County 3. In
ARIZONA: Cochise 6, Pinal 2 and Graham and Greenlee Counties one each, The Republic
of Mexico reported 139 cases: Sonora 84, Chihuahua 13, Tamaulipas 9, Coahuila 7, Nuevo
Leon 4, Puebla 1, Durango 15, San Luis Potosi 1, and Veracruz 5. Sterile screw-worm
flies released: Texas 4,390,250, New Mexico 400,000, Arizona 2,718,400 and Mexico
79,846,200.

Ratio of Positive Cases

Positive Cases Negative Cases to 100 Cases Negative
Year Current Cumulative Current Cumulative Current Cumulative
Table 1. Comparison of specimens reported during corresponding weeks in 1963
and 1964 in Southwestern Eradication Area.
1963 107 757 303 2,440 35.31 31.02
1964 5 42 325 2,997 1.53 ik Gul
1965 12 39 181 LOU) 6.62 2.08
Table 2. Comparison of specimens reported during corresponding weeks and in a

corresponding area in 1964 in the United States-Mexico Barrier Zone. *
1964 27 313 29 544 93.10 57.53
1965 135 1,038 75 682 180.00 152,19
Table 2A. Mexican portion of Barrier Zone only.

1964 25 283 3 131 833.33 216,03
1965 aLile/ 996 36 361 325.00 275.90

a Barrier Zone - Area in which screw-worm eradication operations are being carried
out in an effort to prevent establishment of self-sustaining screw-worm popula-
tion in the United States. (Anim, Dis, Erad. Div.).

Figures - Number of cases reported
in infested counties for
period May 2 - 8

anensonsoot, Jinear drop along river
valleys

= 495 =
INTERCEPTIONS OF SPECIAL INTEREST AT U.S. PORTS OF ENTRY

Some important interceptions that were reported by the Plant Quarantine Division,
ARS, USDA, during March 1965, follow. These reports are based on identifications
received from Federal taxonomists at the U.S. National Museum during the month,
and include any of special interest from recent months that were not previously
reported.

GIANT AFRICAN SNAIL (Achatina fulica Bowdich) 3 times; two times in baggage at
ports in Hawaii and one time in mail at Seattle, Washington.

LEEK MOTH (Acrolepia assectella (Zell.)) 5 times; at New York (3), New York;
Philadelphia (2), Pennsylvania.

CITRUS BLACKFLY (Aleurocanthus woglumi Ashby) 4 times at Laredo, Texas.

MEXICAN FRUIT FLY (Anastrepha ludens (Loew)) 10 times; at Chicago (1), Illinois;
Houston (1) and Laredo (1), Texas; Miami (1), Florida; Nogales (3), Arizona; San
Pedro (1) and San Ysidro (2), California.

A TEPHRITID FLY (Anastrepha sp.) one time in naranjilla fruit at Miami, Florida.
This represents the first record by Plant Quarantine of a fruit fly in this host.

ROSE SAWFLY (Blennocampa pusilla (Klug)) (common and often serious pest of roses
in Europe; causes leafcurl which produces swellings resembling leaf-gall) once

on rose flowers abandoned in quarters of airplane at John F. Kennedy International
Airport, New York.

MEDITERRANEAN FRUIT FLY (Ceratitis capitata (Wied.)) 19 times; at Boston (2),
Massachusetts; Hilo (1) and Honolulu (3), Hawaii; John F. Kennedy International
Airport (10) and New York (1), New York; Philadelphia (1), Pennsylvania; San
Juan (1), Puerto Rico.

A TEPHRITID FLY (Ceratitis colae (Silv.)) one time in cola nuts at John F. Kennedy
International Airport, New York.

ASITATIC RICE BORER (Chilo suppressalis (Walker)) 4 times at Honolulu, Hawaii.

AN AVOCADO SEED WEEVIL (Conotrachelus aquacatae (Barber)) once in baggage at
Roma, Texas.

ORIENTAL FRUIT FLY (Dacus dorsalis Hendel) 13 times ii: baggage at Honolulu,
Hawaii.

YELLOW PEACH MOTH (Dichocrocis punctiferalis (Guen.)) twice in cargo shipments
of bonsai trees (Pinus pentaphylla) at Seattle, Washington.

A PYRAUSTID MOTH (Evergestis forficalis (L.)) (a pest of crucifers) 3 times;
at New Orleans (1), Louisiana; New York (2), New York.

BEAN BUTTERFLY (Lampides boeticus (L.)) 5 times; at Portland (1), Oregon;
Seattle (4), Washington.

AN AVOCADO SEED MOTH (Stenoma catenifer (Wlsm.)) 7 times in baggage; at Hidalgo
(1) and Roma (3), Texas; John F. Kennedy International Airport (3), New York.

CABBAGE MOTH (Mamestra brassicae (L.)) 13 times; at Baltimore (1), Maryland;
New York (8), New York; Norfolk (1), Virginia; Philadelphia (1), Pennsylvania;
Seattle (2), Washington.

LARGE WHITE BUTTERFLY (Pieris brassicae (L.)) 5 times; in baggage at John F.
Kennedy International Airport (1) and in cargo at New York (1), New York; in
cargo at Dover (1), Delaware; and at New Orleans (2), Louisiana.

- 496 -

A CECIDOMYIID SEED MIDGE (Plemeliella abietina (Seitn.)) 4 times in mail at
Hoboken, New Jersey.

AN APHID (Rhopalosiphoninus chicotei Gomez-—Menor) (a first interception and one
of the few aphids not known to occur in the United States) once in baggage on
Mentha sp. plants at Boston, Massachusetts.

WHITE GARDEN SNAIL (Theba pisana (Muller)) 7 times; at Charleston (1), South
Carolina; New Orleans (1), LouiSiana; Norfolk (4), Virginia; Port Everglades (1),
Florida.

KHAPRA BEETLE (Trogoderma granarium Everts) 63 times; at Baltimore (2), Maryland;
Charleston (1), South Carolina; Dulles International Airport (1), Virginia;
Honolulu (4), Hawaii; Houston (2), Texas; Mobile (1), Alabama; New Orleans (1),
Louisiana; New York (24), New York; Philadelphia (8), Pennsylvania; Port Ever-
glades (1), Florida; Portland (4), Oregon; San Francisco (1) and San Pedro (8),
California; Seattle (5), Washington.

OAT CYST NEMATODE (Heterodera avenae) 11 times; at New York (4), New York;
Seattle (2), Washington; Baltimore (1), Maryland; Mobile (1), Alabama; Port
Arthur (1), Texas; San Diego (1), California; Washington National Airport (1),
Virginia.

GRASS CYST NEMATODE (Heterodera punctata) 3 times; at Detroit (2), Michigan;
Seattle (1), Washington.

GOLDEN NEMATODE (Heterodera rostochiensis) 32 times; at John F. Kennedy Inter-
national Airport (8) and New York (3), New York; San Francisco (5) and San
Pedro (1), California; Boston (3), Massachusetts; Chicago (2), Illinois; Detroit
(2), Michigan; Wilmington (2), North Carolina; Dulles International Airport (1),
Virginia; Jacksonville (1), Florida; Mobile (1), Alabama; Philadelphia (1),
Pennsylvania; Port Arthur (1), Texas; Portland (1), Oregon.

Su

i

ee

e 4

May 1, 1965

Weg
vie yor

pane crea DIVISIO
“ oO 1

AGRICULTURAL RESEARCH SERVICE

PLANT PEST CONTROL DIVISION

SURVEY AND DETECTION OPERATIONS

The Cooperative Economic Insect Report is issued
weekly as a service to American Agriculture. Its contents
are compiled from information supplied by cooperating State,
Federal, and industrial entomologists and other agricultural
workers. In releasing this material the Division serves as
a clearing house and does rot assume responsibility for ac-
curacy of the material.

All correspondence pertaining to additions, dele-
tions and changes of addresses for the mailing
list for this report should be sent to:

Service Operations Division
Office of Plant and Operations
United States Department of Agriculture
Washington, D. C. 20250

Reports and inquiries pertaining to this release
should be mailed to:

Survey and Detection Operations
Plant Pest Control Division
Agricultural Research Service
United States Department of Agriculture
Federal Center Building
Hyattsville, Maryland 20781

Volume 15 May 21, 1965 Number 21
COOPERATIVE ECONOMIC INSECT REPORT

HIGHLIGHTS:

ALFALFA WEEVIL situation continues serious in nearly all States reporting. Many
additional counties reported infested. (pp. 499, 500). Chemical controls neces-
sary for PEA APHID where natural controls not effective; continues serious in New
Mexico; Winged forms appearing in Wisconsin and population could increase rapidly.
(pp. 500, 501). THREE-CORNERED ALFALFA HOPPER increasing rapidly in several
ARIZONA counties. (p. 502, 510). CORN EARWORM larvae appearing in damaging
numbers in Oklahoma and Georgia. (p. 503). Various cutworms, both adults and
larvae, appearing in light traps and in fields. (pp. 502, 503). EUROPEAN CORN
BORER pupation nearly complete in southern areas of Illinois and Missouri and
starting in northern Illinois (p. 503); egg masses noted in North Carolina (p.510).
Moderate outbreak of ARMYWORM in northeast Arkansas reported; severe leaf feeding
noted in southwest Missouri also. (p. 504).

ORCHARD MITES, including EUROPEAN RED MITE, buildup indicated in orchards of
Connecticut to South Carolina and Ohio. (p. 507). Many LEPIDOPTERA associated
with fruit trees appearing in larval and adult forms; CODLING MOTH mainly in
pupal stage. (pp. 507, 508).

BOLL WEEVIL adults out of hibernation in Alabama; heavy on cotton in field in
Lowndes County. WESTERN FLOWER THRIPS infestations threatening in central Arizona.
(p. 512). Live PINK BOLLWORM larvae found in Graham County, Arizona; adult emerg-
ence continues in Texas cages. (p. 513). Adult MOSQUITO activity increasing in
Northern States. BLACKFLIES attacking livestock in Vermont and humans in Rhode
Island and Maryland. HORN FLY continues heavy in Oklahoma; building up in Alabama.
(p. 517). TICKS, including AMERICAN DOG TICK, heavy in several States; LONE STAR
TICK heavy on cattle in Oklahoma. (p. 518).

CORRECTIONS and ADDITIONAL NOTES
See page 520 and 522,

DETECTION

New State records reported include: two HISTERID BEETLES (Hister nomas Erickson,
and Pachylister caffer Erickson) in Hawaii (p. 524). New county records reported
include: ALFALFA WEEVIL (Hypera postica) in Baxter, Sharp and Marion Counties,
Arkansas, and Bartholomew, Johnson, Jennings, Ripley and Dearborn Counties, Indiana,
(p. 499); A WEEVIL (Cosmobaris americana) in Orange County, California, (p. 506);
and SMALLER EUROPEAN ELM BARK BEETLE (Scolytus multistriatus) in Colusa County,
California, (p. 515).

SPECIAL REPORTS

Status of the Screw-worm in the Southwest. (p. 521).

Cattle Lice Survey in North Carolina - 1965. @ee523)r

Hawaiian Insect Notes. (pp. 524, 525).

Estimated Losses and Production Costs Attributed to Insects and Related Arthropods

Attacking Lettuce and Cabbage in Colorado and Sugar beets in Nebraska in 1964,
(pp. 526, 527).

Reports in this issue are for the week ending May 14, unless otherwise indicated.

- 498 -

WEATHER BUREAU'S 30-DAY OUTLOOK
MID-MAY TO MID-JUNE 1965

The Weather Bureau's 30-day outlook for mid-May to mid-June calls for tempera-
tures to average above seasonal normals from the Ohio Valley northward to the
upper Great Lakes and eastward to the Atlantic Coast. Below normal averages are
anticipated from the Great Plains Region westward to the Pacific Coast except

for near normal in California. In unspecified areas near normal temperatures

are anticipated. Rainfall is expected to exceed normal from the west Gulf

States northward to the Great Lakes and also over the northern Plains. Subnormal
amounts are called for over middle and north Atlantic Coastal areas as well as
over the Southern Plateau, the Great Basin, and California. Elsewhere near
normal amounts are anticipated.

Weather forecast given here is based on the official 30-day "Resume and Outlook"
published twice a month by the Weather Bureau. You can subscribe through the
Superintendent of Documents, Washington, D.C. 20250. Price $5.00 a year.

FE FR KK IR OK ROK OK OK KK KOK OK K

WEATHER OF THE WEEK ENDING MAY 17

HIGHLIGHTS: (1) Substantial rains in many dry portions of Great Plains, (2)
Excessive rains, flash flooding, central Texas, also Black Hills area. (3) Still
dry, some Gulf and Atlantic coastal areas. (4) Cool Southwest, warm Great Lakes,
otherwise near normal.

TEMPERATURE: Nevada, Idaho, and nearby areas averaged 10° to 14° warmer than the
previous week and a few degrees warmer than normal. It was cooler from the Rio
Grande to the Great Lakes this week but averages were still above normal. Temp-
eratures in the 89's were common over the Dakotas on Thursday, reached the south-—
ern portion of the Lake region on Saturday, and were recorded in western New
England by Sunday. The Northeast and the Southeast were cool at midweek with
warmer periods earlier and later as weekly averages were mostly near normal.

The Western States had a gradually rising temperature trend during the week.

PRECIPITATION: The very dry area extending from western Texas to southeastern
Wyoming and western Nebraska had general rains of 1 to 2 inches with only a few
areas missed. Numerous heavy thundershowers soaked much of Texas and caused
local flooding as some central portions received from 5 to 8 inches. Friday's
rains over eastern Colorado were the heaviest in several months. Wyoming
received beneficial snow early in the week and some good showers Thursday and
Friday. Weekend rains of 2.5 to 6 inches fell in the Black Hills area of South
Dakota. Beneficial rains fell over much of Nebraska and northeastward to Upper
Michigan. Rainfall in the East ranged from none over southern Alabama to an inch
or more in the upper Ohio Valley. Several areas along the Gulf coast and in
Florida have been persistently dry. Many areas in the West and Southwest had
little or no rain last week. Severe thunderstorms including some tornadoes
occurred over portions of 11 States from Texas to Michigan and Ohio. (Summary
supplied by U.S. Weather Bureau).

- 499 -

CEREAL AND FORAGE INSECTS

ALFALFA WEEVIL (Hypera postica) - MARYLAND - Larval damage severe in unsprayed
alfalfa in central sections; larvae averaged 80 per sweep in field in Carroll
County. Pupation continuing in most areas. (U. Md., Ent. Dept.). DELAWARE -
Many untreated fields throughout State show very heavy feeding injury; larvae
average over 100 per sweep. (Burbutis). NEW JERSEY - Adults ranged 0-140
(averaged 75) and larvae ranged 244-1,860 (averaged 820) per 100 sweeps on
alfalfa in 6 fields in Burlington-Warren County area. Adults ranged 0-65
(averaged 28) and larvae ranged 650-7,000 (averaged 2,670) in areas of Gloucester,
Salem and Cumberland Counties. (Ins.-Dis. Newsltr.). NEW YORK - Adults averaged
1 per sweep in Owego, Tioga County, much heavier than in 1964, No larvae found
in Tioga or Tompkins Counties. Feeding in Ulster County. (N.Y. Wkly. Rpt.,

May 10). CONNECTICUT - Adults averaged 39 per 25 sweeps in south-central section;
mating noted. (Savos, May 12). MASSACHUSETTS - Newly deposited eggs noted in
western section, Larvae ranged 2-3 and adults 2-13 per 100 sweeps. (Shaw,

May 7). VERMONT - No adult or larval activity observed. (Nielsen, May 6).

OHIO - Continued reports substantiate seriousness of problem in southeastern
region of State. All alfalfa heavily infested in Washington County. New adults
and pupae in Highland County. Fields sprayed early in Gallia County again
developing high populations; up to 6-8 larvae per stem with some fields 90 per-
cent or more infested. Larger larvae found in previously sprayed fields indicate
that some larvae evidently survived spray treatment. Adults found in all fields
checked in Tuscarawas County; 65-70 percent terminal growth damage in southern
section of county. Double handful of larvae collected in 25 sweeps in Columbia
County; ranged 50-100 percent infested in southern and eastern parts of county;
northern parts somewhat less advanced. Generally spread over Adams County;
damage heavy; cutting done early there. Progressively lighter plant damage
noted in westerly direction from Fayette County through northern Brown County
and into Butler County. A 20 percent plant infestation recorded in fields in
Fayette County; 10 percent noted in northern Brown County. One larva per 10
sweeps in field in Butler County. Other counties reporting H. postica; Guernsey,
Athens and Fairfield Counties. (Rose et al.). INDIANA - Reported in Bartholomew,
Johnson, Jennings, Ripley and Dearborn Counties for the first time. (Matthew,
Huber). Pupating in southernmost counties of State (Matthew, Lehker). Larvae
range 15-1,300 per 100 sweeps in Harrison and surrounding counties. Light in
Johnson and Bartholomew Counties; average 2 adults and 3 larvae per 200 sweeps.
Larvae range 10-20 per 100 sweeps in areas of Jennings, Ripley and Dearborn
Counties. (Matthew, Huber, Lehker, May 7). ILLINOIS - None found in southern
Champaign or Vermilion Counties. (Lusk). MISSOURI - Pupation nearly complete

in southeast district; larvae range 10-20 per 10 sweeps with adults common. New
growth alfalfa damaged 20-25 percent. (Wkly. Ins. Rpt., May 8). ARKANSAS -
Reported in Sharp, Baxter and Marion Counties for the first time; this brings to
14 the number of counties known to be infested in State. Species has moved
halfway across northern part of State. Ranged 15-25 per 100 sweeps in Craighead
County; about 80 percent adults. (Ark. Ins, Sur.). NEW MEXICO - Of 4 fields
checked near Corrales, Sandoval County, counts per 25 sweeps as follows: One
adult in first, 40 larvae in second, 75 larvae and 1 adult in third and 305
larvae and 3 adults in fourth field. Heavy damage in third and fourth fields;
ranged 5-8 larvae in field near Penablanca, Sandoval County; light feeding
damage noted. (Heninger). COLORADO - Adults ranged 100-400 per 100 sweeps on
alfalfa in Weld County; mating and egg laying underway; no larvae taken to date,
(Simpson). Adults ranged 100-200 on same crop in Larimer County. (Simpson).
Larvae increasing in most alfalfa fields in Mesa County; ranged 20-100 per 100
sweeps. Parasitism ranges 20-50 percent in fields with low to moderate H. postica
larval counts. (Bulla). WYOMING - Adults averaged 6 per 100 sweeps in alfalfa
in Washakie County. (Marks). UTAH - Larval numbers well above normal in
Washington County but only occasionally causing conspicuous damage. (Thornley,
Knowlton, May 10). Injuring older alfalfa fields in Green River, Emery County;
adults 1-7 and larvae 22-125 per 10 sweeps; to third instars. Ranged 2-3 per 10
sweeps in Miller Creek area, Emery County. Damage becoming obvious in alfalfa
fields in Moab, Grand County, and Green River, Emery County. (Knowlton). NEVADA -

- 500 -

Larvae variable in Pahranagat Valley-Hiko areas, Lincoln County. Highest

counts 20 per sweep in some fields in Hiko area where damage evident. Larvae

in various stages; adults present. Larvae and adults light and spotted in Panaca,
Lincoln County. (Bechtel, Zoller).

CLOVER LEAF WEEVIL (Hypera punctata) - MASSACHUSETTS - Larvae range 2-5 per 100
sweeps in western area. (Shaw, May 7). MARYLAND - Larvae caused noticeable
injury to red clover on farm in Carroll County. (U. Md., Ent. Dept.). OHIO -
Two adults collected in alfalfa in Darke County in 50 sweeps. (Rose). INDIANA -
This and H. nigrirostris (lesser clover leaf weevil) averaged 2 per 100 sweeps
in alfalfa-clover mixtures in southeast. (Huber, May 8). ILLINOIS - Larvae
vary 0-13 (average 3.5) per square foot in clover and alfalfa fields in northern
area. (I11. Ins. Rpt.). MISSOURI - Absent in alfalfa in southwest and south
central districts. (Wkly. Ins. Rpt., May 8). IOWA - Larvae second to third
instars in central area; average 1 per plant in red clover and alfalfa; not
threatening. (Iowa Ins. Inf., May 11).

LESSER CLOVER LEAF WEEVIL (Hypera nigrirostris) - NEBRASKA - Adults ranged 0-1
per 10 sweeps in Gage County. (Rhine). MARYLAND - Adults and larvae light on
red clover on farm in Carroll County. (U. Md., Ent. Dept.).

CLOVER ROOT CURCULIO (Sitona hispidula) - IDAHO - Adults collected in sweepings
in Bonners Ferry on white clover seed fields. (Ingle, Portman).

A WEEVIL (Sitona scissifrons) - NEBRASKA - Ranged 0-10 per 10 sweeps in alfalfa
in Jefferson, Franklin and Gosper Counties. (Rhine).

PEA APHID (Acyrthosiphon pisum) - IDAHO - Controls used on severe infestation
of 280 acres at Granview. (Mink). NEVADA - Light, up to 4 per sweep, in all
alfalfa fields checked in Pahranagat Valley, Hiko and Panaca, Lincoln County.
(Bechtol, Zoller). UTAH - General but no high populations observed in alfalfa
in Green River area, Emery County. Scarce to light in Utah, Salt Lake, Carbon
and Emery Counties; some lady beetle adults, damsel bugs (Nabis spp.) and big-
eyed bugs (Georcoris spp.) present in infested fields. (Knowlton). WYOMING -
Averaged 52 per 100 sweeps in alfalfa in Washakie County. (Marks). COLORADO -
Ranged 300-400 per 100 sweeps in alfalfa northeast of Greeley, Weld County.
(Simpson). Averaged 10 per 100 sweeps northwest of Longmont. (Urano), NEW
MEXICO - Light to very heavy in alfalfa near Belen and Jarales, Valencia County.
Heaviest infestations reducing stands; in some cases killing whole fields where
controls not used. (Heninger). Mostly light in alfalfa checked in Artesia,
Carlsbad and Loving, Eddy County. (Kloepfer). OKLAHOMA - Heavy rains and early
cuttings greatly reduced numbers in many areas; heavy in some fields with new
growth attacked. (Okla. Coop. Sur.). KANSAS - Light in Marion, Chase and Green-
wood Counties; light to moderate in Riley County. (Gates, Brooks, May 7).

NEBRASKA - Ranged 100-500 (averaged 200) per 10 sweeps in alfalfa in Gage,
Jefferson, Thayer, Nuckolls, Webster, Franklin and Harlan Counties; no controls
needed. Ranged 5-50 (averaged 30) per 10 sweeps in alfalfa in Furnas, Gosper,
Phelps and Kearney Counties; large number of predators present. (Rhine).

MISSOURI - Ranged 100-500 per 10 sweeps in south-central district and 100 to
several thousand per 10 sweeps in Lawrence and Greene Counties. (Wkly. Ins. Rpt.,
May 8). Counts in alfalfa remain high in central and east central districts;
1,000 to several thousand per 10 sweeps; harvest beginning; predator and parasite
counts high. (Houser, Thomas, Peters). IOWA - Average 20 per 10 sweeps in
alfalfa; winged and wingless adults present with 50 percent nymphs. (Iowa Ins. Inf.
May 11). MINNESOTA - Ranged 20-2,200 (averaged 400) per 100 sweeps on alfalfa.
(Minn. Ins. Rpt.). WISCONSIN - Hatched in Brodhead and Mazomanie areas April 13;
4 days later than in 1964, Considerable number of parasites, primarily Praon
pequodorum (a braconid) appearing about one week later. Predators nearly absent.
Later, high degree of parasitism evident. A. pisum 0 in fields near Janesville
to 1,500 per sweep in parts of Trempealeau County. Winged forms appearing; counts
presently very low but could increase rapidly. (Wis. Ins, Sur.). ILLINOIS -

Low (0-890), average 234 per 100 sweeps in clover and alfalfa fields in northern

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area; parasites abundant. Vary 500-1,200 (average 860) per 100 sweeps in central
area. (Ill. Ins. Rpt.). INDIANA - Ranged 5-10 per sweep in east central section;
20-40 per sweep in southeast section and 21 per 100 sweeps in Porter County.
(Huber, Matthew, May 8). MICHIGAN - Light in 6 of 7 alfalfa fields in Monroe

and Livingston Counties May 11. Averaged less than 3 per sweep. Heavy in

Monroe County field seeded in 1964; over 10 per sweep. Braconids ranged moderate
to high in most alfalfa; credited with keeping populations reduced. (Newman) .
OHIO - Averaged 34 per sweep in alfalfa in Fayette County; 24 per sweep in

field in Brown County. About 50-70 percent of alfalfa plants with parasitized
aphids, up to 6 parasitized forms per plant. Emergence holes visible on some
aphids. A. pisum infestations ranged 10-12 per alfalfa plant and more per

clover plant in Lorain County; numerous in Pickaway County; parasitized specimens
noted in Sandusky County. (Rose et al.).

MASSACHUSETTS - Relatively few in western area; ranged 5-15 per 100 sweeps.

(Shaw, May 7). NEW JERSEY - Ranged 28-148 (averaged 75) per 20 sweeps on alfalfa
in 6 fields in Burlington-Warren County area. Ranged 0-200 (averaged 126) in
areas of Gloucester, Salem and Cumberland Counties. (Ins.-Dis. Newsltr.).
MARYLAND - Relatively light on alfalfa in central sections. (U. Md., Ent. Dept.).
FLORIDA - Several thousand adults and nymphs per 100 sweeps on alfalfa at
Gainesville, Alachua County; increasing. Heaviest populations this spring.

Very light on yellow lupine at Gainesville. (Mead,. May 10).

SPOTTED ALFALFA APHID (Therioaphis maculata) - WISCONSIN - Hatched in Brodhead
area April 22; 6 days later than in 1964. Ranged 1-4 per sweep in several
alfalfa fields found infested for first time last fall in other southern
locations. Winged forms appearing; noted May 7 in 1964, (Wis. Ins. Sur.).
NEBRASKA - Ranged 10-30 (averaged about 20) per 10 sweeps in alfalfa in Gage,
Jefferson, Thayer, Nuckolls, Webster, Franklin and Harlan Counties. Averaged

75 per 10 sweeps in alfalfa in Furnas and Kearney Counties. (Rhine). COLORADO -
None taken in Prospect Valley area, Weld County. (Boyes). ARIZONA - Decreasing
slowly in old and new alfalfa fields in Graham County; most older fields cut.
(Ariz. Coop. Sur.). NEW MEXICO - Light to moderate on alfalfa in Valencia and

Bernalillo Counties. (Heninger). Very light, spotted infestations in alfalfa
in southern Eddy County. (Kloepfer). INDIANA - Ranged to 30 per 100 sweeps in
Bartholomew and Harrison Counties; alates in Harrison County. (Matthew, Lehker,

May 8). FLORIDA - Several thousand adults and nymphs per 100 sweeps of alfalfa
at Gainesville, Alachua County; heaviest population this spring. (Mead, May 10).

MEADOW SPITTLEBUG (Philaenus spumarius) - MARYLAND - Light to moderate on red
clover in Carroll and Talbot Counties, (U. Md., Ent. Dept.). OHIO - Nymphs
rather common in alfalfa and clover fields in southern area, Approximately 40
percent of plants infested; many plants with 2-3 nymphs. Similar field in Brown
County about 30 percent infested; Butler County field yielded 12 nymphs per 10
sweeps; about 40 percent of plants infested. Nymphs one-eight to three-sixteenth
inch long. Common in Fairfield County. (Taylor, Rose). MICHIGAN -

First instars appearing on legumes in Monroe and Livingston Counties May 11.
(Newman). INDIANA - Nymphs ranged 10-60 per 100 stems in southeast section.
(Huber, May 8). WISCONSIN - Hatched; degree of infestation similar to 1964

season. Spittle masses on terminal leaves of alfalfa. (Wis. Ins. Sur.).
ILLINOIS - Nymphs, mostly first and second instars, vary 0-2.1 (average 0.4) per
stem in clover and alfalfa in northern area. (Ill. Ins. Rpt.).

SPITTLEBUGS - NEW YORK - Nymphs on curly dock in Tompkins County; evident on
alfalfa in Ulster County; forming spittle masses in Livingston County. (N.Y.
Wkly. Rpt., May 10). GEORGIA - Prosapia bicincta first adult taken in light
trap in Coastal Bermuda grass in Tift County. (Leuck) .

TARNISHED PLANT BUG (Lygus lineolaris) - OKLAHOMA - Averaged 2 per 10 sweeps in
alfalfa in Kiowa County. (Okla. Coop. Sur.). NEBRASKA - Ranged 10-20 per 10
sweeps in south central area. (Rhine). MISSOURI - Adults and nymphs of this and
Adelphocoris rapidus (rapid plant bug) ranged 2-7 per 10 sweeps on alfalfa in
south central and southwest districts. (Wkly. Ins. Rpt., May 8). IOWA - Averaged

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7 per 10 sweeps in alfalfa and red clover in central area, (Iowa Ins. Inf.,
May 7). ILLINOIS - Adults vary 0-50 (average 14) per 100 sweeps in clover and
alfalfa in northern area. (Ill. Ins. Rpt.). INDIANA - Adults active in east-
central and southern section; ranged 2-12 per 10 sweeps. (Huber, May 8).
MICHIGAN - Ranged zero to heavy (average 1.5 or more) per sweep in southeastern
alfalfa; common on host plants in southwest. (Newman, Ruppel). RHODE ISLAND -
Easily found in Kingston area, Washington County. (Mathewson). MASSACHUSETTS -
Ranged 2-12 per 100 sweeps in western area. (Shaw, May 7). NEW YORK - Evident
on alfalfa in Ulster County. (N.Y. Wkly. Rpt., May 10). FLORIDA - Ranged very
light to light on alfalfa, oats, yellow lupine, white sweetclover and rye at
Gainesville, Alachua County. (Mead, May 10).

RAPID PLANT BUG (Adelphocoris rapidus) - WISCONSIN - Nymphs averaged 2 per sweep
in many southern county alfalfa fields. (Wis. Ins. Sur.).

A PLANT BUG (Taylorilygus pallidulus) - FLORIDA - Low numbers continue on alfalfa
at Gainesville, Alachua County. (Mead, May 10).

CLOVER LEAFHOPPER (Aceratagallia sanguinolenta) - MASSACHUSETTS - Ranged 2-5
per 100 sweeps in western area, (Shaw, May 7). FLORIDA - Common on alfalfa
and light on yellow lupine at Gainesville, Alachua County. (Mead, May 10).
UTAH - Common in alfalfa fields at Miller Creek, Emery County. (Knowlton).

POTATO LEAFHOPPER (Empoasca fabae) - MISSOURI - First adults of season ranged

0-2 per 10 sweeps on alfalfa in south central and southwest districts. (Wkly.
Ins. Rpt.). ILLINOIS - Adults vary 0-10 (average 3) per 100 sweeps in clover

and alfalfa in northern area. (Ill. Ins. Rpt.). WISCONSIN - Few adults appearing
in southern alfalfa fields; scarce. (Wis. Ins. Sur.).

COTTON FLEAHOPPER (Psallus seriatus) - ARIZONA - Medium on many alfalfa fields
in Maricopa and Graham Counties. (Ariz. Coop. Sur.).

LYGUS BUGS (Lygus spp.) - WYOMING - Adults averaged 34 per 100 sweeps in alfalfa
in Washakie County. (Marks). NEVADA - Averaged 4 nymphs and adults per sweep
in most fields checked in Pahranagat Valley, Hiko and Panaca, Lincoln County.
Counts higher in weedy fields with mustards. (Bechtel, Zoller). UTAH - Lygus
spp., 90 percent L. elisus, and nymphs to 50 percent grown, common in alfalfa;
1-2 adults and 2-8 nymphs per 10 sweeps on tansymustard. Few Lygus spp. nymphs
found in alfalfa in Carbon, north Emery County, fields. Adults, largely L.
elisus, light to moderately numerous in alfalfa, more numerous on wild muStards.
(Knowlton). NEW MEXICO - Averaged 1-2 adults per 25 sweeps in alfalfa checked
in southern Eddy County. (Kloepfer). Adults and nymphs averaged 2-5 per 25
sweeps in alfalfa near Penablanca, Sandoval County. (Heninger). TEXAS -
Locally light on alfalfa in Hockley County. (Texas Coop. Rpt., Hanson).

THREE-CORNERED ALFALFA HOPPER (Spissistilus festinus) - ARIZONA - Increasing
rapidly in alfalfa in Yuma, Maricopa and Pinal Counties; averaged 65 per 100
sweeps. (Ariz. Coop. Sur.). NEW MEXICO - Occasional specimen collected in
sweeping alfalfa in Bernalillo, Sandoval and Valencia Counties. (Heninger).
FLORIDA - Adults and nymphs averaged approximately 1 each per 4 sweeps on
alfalfa and yellow lupine at Gainesville, Alachua County. (Mead, May 10).

ALFALFA CATERPILLAR (Colias eurytheme) - OKLAHOMA - Averaged 2 per 10 sweeps in
alfalfa in Kiowa County. (Okla. Coop. Sur.).

GREEN CLOVERWORM (Plathypena scabra) - DELAWARE - First adult of season collected
in blacklight trap in Sussex County May 5. (Burbutis).

CLOVER LOOPER (Caenurgina crassiuscula) - MICHIGAN - Numerous adults taken in
blacklight trap in Livingston County. (Snow, Newman).

ARMY CUTWORM (Chorizagrotis auxiliaris) - MONTANA - Becoming active; reported in
Gallatin, Yellowstone, Dawson and Hill Counties. (Pratt). COLORADO - Ranged

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4-6 per square foot in Pierce area, Weld County, on alfalfa; controls recommended,
(Boyes). Averaged 3 per square foot in Berthoud area. (Cronkhite). UTAH -
Light in alfalfa in Mapleton area, Utah County, and Miller Creek area, Emery
County. (Knowlton).

VARIEGATED CUTWORM (Peridroma saucia) - MISSOURI - Very low numbers noted. (Wkly.
Ins. Rpt., May 8). Low numbers present in central, east-central and southeast
districts. (Houser, Thomas, Peters).

SPOTTED CUTWORM (Amathes c-nigrum) - OHIO - First adult trapped at Wooster,
Wayne County, May 10; eggs deposited May 13. (Rings).

CUTWORMS - VERMONT - Exceptionally heavy on alfalfa and other legumes in areas
of Windham County. (Nielsen, May 10). IDAHO - Serious in small, isolated spots
in some alfalfa fields near Oregon-Idaho State line; treatments required.
(Waters, May 7). MARYLAND - Heavily injured field corn after sod at localities
in Carroll and Kent Counties. (U. Md., Ent. Dept.).

ALFALFA WEBWORM (Loxostege commixtalis) - OKLAHOMA - Larvae numerous and
damaging alfalfa in Garvin County. (Okla. Coop. Sur.).

WEBWORMS (Loxostege spp.) - MISSOURI - Light in alfalfa in central district.
(Houser, Thomas, Peters).

LEAF ROLLER MOTHS - ILLINOIS - Larvae of undetermined species vary 0-40 (average
5.4) per 100 sweeps in alfalfa in northern area; webbing of terminal leaves
noticeable in few fields. (Ill. Ins. Rpt.).

CORN ROOTWORMS (Diabrotica spp.) - OHIO - D. undecimpunctata howardi (southern
corn rootworm) adult collected by sweeping alfalfa in Preble County. (Rose).
DELAWARE - First D. undecimpunctata howardi adults of season noted on alfalfa

in Kent County, May II. (Burbutis). NEW MEXICO - Counts of D. undecimpunctata
tenella ranged 2-3 adults per 25 sweeps in alfalfa in Sandoval County; 0-5
adults per 25 sweeps in Valencia County. (Heninger).

THRIPS - GEORGIA - Light to moderate on peanuts in southern area, (French).

CORN EARWORM (Heliothis zea) - MISSOURI - First found in alfalfa in Southeast
district week ending May 1. (Wkly. Ins. Rpt.). First and second instars swept
from alfalfa in central district. (Houser, Thomas, Peters). OKLAHOMA - Fourth
instar noted on corn checked in Carter County. (Okla. Coop. Sur.). GEORGIA -
Caused heavy damage to field of corn in Macon County; replanting necessary.
(Brown, May 10). Infested 42 percent of plants in field of corn in Pulaski
County. (Vanderford). Light to moderate in whorls of corn in southern area,
(Burton, Young).

BLACK CUTWORM (Agrotis ipsilon) - IOWA - Adults abundant in tall grass in Ames
area. (Iowa Ins. Inf., May 11). MISSOURI - Destroying young corn in 5-acre
fields in Jasper County. (Wkly. Ins. Rpt., May 8). OHIO - Adults trapped at
Reynoldsburg May 11 (Walker, Spilker); first adult at Wooster, Wayne County,
trapped May 9. (Rings).

YELLOW-STRIPED CATERPILLAR (Prodenia ornithogalli) - OKLAHOMA - First larvae of
season noted feeding on corn in Carter County; numbers light. (Okla. Coop. Sur.).

LESSER CORNSTALK BORER (Elasmopalpus lignosellus) - GEORGIA - Damaging field
peas; adults appearing in light traps in Tift County. (Leuck). Caused heavy
damage to field of silage corn in Chatham County. (Lee) .

EUROPEAN CORN BORER (Ostrinia nubilalis) - MISSOURI - Pupation 60 percent com-
plete; some emergence noted in southeast district. Adult taken in light trap
at Portageville, Pemiscot County. (Wkly. Ins. Rpt., May 8). ILLINOIS - Pupa-
tion nearly complete in southwest area. Beginning in northern area, (iglit, ins.
Rpt.).

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CORN FLEA BEETLE (Chaetocnema pulicaria) - OKLAHOMA - Adults averaged 3 per plant
in corn 12-15 inches high in Garvin County; 1 per plant in Carter County and 0.1
per plant in Marshall County. None noted on corn 8-12 inches high in Jefferson
County. (Okla. Coop. Sur.). MISSOURI - Few specimens on corn in Howard County.
(Houser, Thomas, Peters). MARYLAND - Adults ranged light to heavy on field and
sweet corn in Carroll and Wicomico Counties. (U. Md., Ent. Dept.).

FLEA BEETLES - OHIO - Infesting corn in Ross, Franklin and Coshocton Counties.
(Muntzing, Miskell, Holdsworth). ARIZONA - Chaetocnema ectypa (desert corn flea
beetle) heavy and damaging sweet corn in Glendale area, Maricopa County. (Ariz.
Coop. Sur.) .

MAIZE BILLBUG (Sphenophorus maidis) - ALABAMA - Heavy locally and causing severe
damage to 2 acres of corn in Geneva County; adjoins area badly damaged in 1964.
(Reynolds). GEORGIA - Sphenophorus sp. light to heavy on corn in southern area.
(Morgan, French).

CORN LEAF APHID (Rhopalosiphum maidis) - MISSOURI - Few winged specimens on
corn in Howard County. Houser, Thomas, Peters). OKLAHOMA - Light on corn in
Jefferson County. (Okla. Coop). Sux):

ARMYWORM (Pseudaletia unipuncta) - ARKANSAS - Moderate outbreak in small grain,
primarily wheat, in extreme northeast area. Ranged 1-15 per square foot; most
second and third instars. Present in Mississippi, eastern Craighead and eastern
Poinsett Counties. Quality of crop varies greatly; infestations vary in direct
ratio to quality; heavier infestations on better wheat. (Ark. Ins. Sur.).
OKLAHOMA - Light to moderate; damaging oats and barley in Jefferson County.

Unspecified species present in light numbers in wheat in Tillman County. (Okla.
Coop. Sur.). MISSOURI - First larvae found in wheat in southwest district week
ending May l. (Wkly. Ins. Rpt.). Larvae in small grain in southeast district

range zero in open areas to 15 per square foot in dense areas; ranged 5-10, one-
half to two-thirds grown larvae, per square foot; leaf feeding becoming severe.
Larvae very early to half grown in Scott County; averaged up to 15 per square
foot in dense growth and 25 per square foot in down areas. (Houser, Thomas,
Peters). IOWA - Adults present at Hastings and Columbus Junction, May 2-4,
(Iowa Ins. Inf.). ILLINOIS - Few small larvae noted in wheat in central district.
(Ill. Ins. Rpt.). OHIO - Adult collected from light trap in Highland County;
specimen collected from window in Wayne County. (Rose). MARYLAND - None seen
nor reported to date in small grains and corn in State. (U. Md., Ent. Dept.).
NORTH CAROLINA - Undetermined species infesting large number of acres of small
grains in Currituck County. (Hardesty).

WHEAT-HEAD ARMYWORM (Faronta diffusa)- OKLAHOMA - Moderate and damaging oats and
barley in Jefferson County; grain in "soft dough" stage. (Okla. Coop. Sur.).
DELAWARE - Adults fairly common in blacklight trap in Sussex County. (Burbutis).

NOCTUID MOTHS - FLORIDA - Larvae of Mocis sp. averaged 2 and larvae of Leucania
sp. averaged 16 per 100 sweeps on oats at Gainesville, Alachua County. (Mead,
May 10).

ENGLISH GRAIN APHID (Macrosiphum avenae) - WISCONSIN - Average about 6 per 50
sweeps in Vernon, Richland, La Crosse and Rock Counties in grains; 20 per 50
sweeps in early planted grain near Arena; oats rapidly infested. (Wis. Ins,
Sur.). MINNESOTA - Found in most small grains in southern half of State; ranged
1-10 per 100 sweeps, (Minn, Ins, Rpt.). NEBRASKA - Ranged 20-30 per 10 sweeps
in wheat in south central counties, (Rhine). MISSOURI - Increasing on small
grains in central and north central districts; appearing on heads of wheat;
however, no damage expected, (Houser, Thomas, Peters). KANSAS - Light on barley
in southeast. (Gates, Brooks, May 7). CALIFORNIA - Medium in oat fields in
Soquel, Santa Cruz County; cereal grains made excellent growth this season,

(Cal. Coop. Rpt.). FLORIDA - Light on oats at Gainesville, Alachua County.
(Mead, May 10).

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GREENBUG (Schizaphis graminum) - WISCONSIN - Appearing on grain fields of Sauk
and Green Counties; populations very low. (Wis. Ins. Sur.). MINNESOTA - One
specimen found on bluegrass in Freeborn County and one in same host in Blue
Earth County; none found in small grains. (Minn, Ins. Rpt.). KANSAS - Not
noted on wheat or barley in southeast section; continues light in fields in
southwest sections. (Gates, Brooks, May 8).

SIX-SPOTTED LEAFHOPPER (Macrosteles fascifrons) - MINNESOTA - Found in St. Paul
area May 4; counts increased May 4-13; widely found in southern half of State.
Ranged 20-100 per 100 sweeps. (Minn. Ins. Rpt.). WISCONSIN - Adults first
noted on overwintering grain April 22; increased 800-fold in 2 weeks. Now
decreased in older grain; range 3-12 in most emerging oat fields. (Wis. Ins.
Sur.). FLORIDA - Approximately 1 per sweep on yellow lupine, fairly common on
rye, common and increasing on alfalfa; 75-100 adults and 200-400 nymphs per 100
sweeps on oats. (Mead, May 10).

LEAFHOPPERS - FLORIDA - Agallia constricta common and increasing on oats, alfalfa
and yellow lupine. Graminella nigrifrons fairly common on rye, approximately 5
per sweep on oats and common on alfalfa. Cuerna costalis heaviest this spring
on yellow lupine (135 adults and 40 nymphs) taken in 100 sweeps. Only 1 adult

in 100 sweeps on alfalfa. Two adults and 25-30 nymphs of Homalodisca insolita
taken in 100 sweeps of oats. Stirellus spp., mostly_bicolor with some obtutus
adults and nymphs on oats; increasing. Empoasca spp. with some E. fabae (potato
leafhopper) approximately 800 (mostly adults) taken in 100 sweeps of yellow
lupine; common on alfalfa. All at Gainesville, Alachua County. (Mead, May 10).

RICE STINK BUG (Oebalus pugnax pugnax) - FLORIDA - Averaged 120 adults and 25
nymphs in 100 sweeps on oats; increased. Averaged 13 adults and 3 nymphs per 100
sweeps on rye; decreased. At Gainesville, Alachua County. (Mead, May 10).

BROWN STINK BUG (Euschistus servus) - FLORIDA - Averaged 8 adults and 5 nymphs
per 100 sweeps on oats at Gainesville, Alachua County. (Mead, May 10).

SOUTHERN GREEN STINK BUG (Nezara viridula) - FLORIDA - Averaged 4 adults and 8
nymphs per 100 sweeps on oats at Gainesville, Alachua County. (Mead, May 10).

GREEN STINK BUG (Acrosternum hilare) - WISCONSIN - Averaged 1 per 100 sweeps in
grain field near Arena, Wis. Ins. Sur.).

CHINCH BUG (Blissus leucopterus) - TEXAS - Moderate locally in grain sorghum in
Guadalupe County. (Haby). OKLAHOMA - Light on corn checked in Marshall and
Jefferson Counties (southeast); active in Garvin County (south central). (Okla.
Coop. Sur.). ILLINOIS - Adults vary 0-340 (average 190) per 100 linear feet in
wheat in central district. (I11. Ins. Rpt.). CONNECTICUT - Infesting lawn at
Newtown, Fairfield County. (Savos).

A LYGAEID BUG (Paromius longulus) - FLORIDA - Averaged approximately 5 adults and
nymphs per sweep on oats; scarce on yellow lupine and alfalfa; 1-2 per sweep on
rye at Gainesville, Alachua County. (Mead, May 10).

PLANT BUGS - CALIFORNIA - Adults of Irbisia californica and Thyrillus pacificus
medium on barley fields in San Juan Bautista, San Benito County. (Cal. Coop.
Rpt.). ARIZONA - Spanogonicus albofasciatus medium and appearing in alfalfa

in Graham and Maricopa Counties. (Ariz. Coop. Sur,).

CEREAL LEAF BEETLE (Qulema melanopa) - MICHIGAN - First hatch of season May 10
in Berrien County research plots; 13 days after first eggs found in field.

Young larvae common on native grasses and wheat near hibernation quarters.

Adults continue common on wheat although many moving to preferred host plant,
oats. No hatch observed on small oat plants to May 12. All larvae first instar;
eggs, larvae and adults common in infested research plots. First natural adult
mortality (death from old age) observed in field May 11. Overwintered adults
likely to decline in numbers until early July. Low temperatures in April caused

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egg deposition about 3 weeks later than in 1964, Warm weather during early May
caused relatively early hatch; overall conditions roughly one week later than

in 1964. Numbers in primary infestation area of Berrien and Cass Counties
generally low except in local, scattered spots. Evidently suppression programs
of 1963 and 1964 of major importance in delaying spread. (Ruppel, Ring).

INDIANA - Adults active on wheat in St. Joseph and La Porte Counties; ranged 2-50
per 100 sweeps. First eggs of season found on oats; very light. No hatching
observed. (Wilson, Shade, Hintz, May 8).

A WEEVIL (Cosmobaris americana) - CALIFORNIA - Adults and larvae taken in barley
field at Fullerton, Orange County. This is a new county record. (Cal. Coop.
Rpt, Maly mr

A GRASS SAWFLY (Dolerus sp.) - ILLINOIS - Larvae present in wheat in central
Gisitricte Chl sme lnseeRpite) i

BROWN WHEAT MITE (Petrobia latens) - NEW MEXICO - Light to moderate in wheat and
alfalfa fields near Jarales, Valencia County. Generally light in many fields
checked in Bernalillo and Sandoval Counties. (Heninger). KANSAS - Populations
declined. (Gates, Brooks, May 8).

WHEAT STEM MAGGOT (Meromyza americana) - MINNESOTA - Numerous adults, believed
this species, collected in Freeborn, Faribault, Sherburne and Wright Counties
on small grains. Ranged 25-150 per 100 sweeps. (Minn. Ins. Rpt.).

GRASSHOPPERS - NEW MEXICO - Nymphal surveys May 3-7 as follows: Very light hatch
in Caprock-Tatum area, Lea County; Melrose area, Curry County; Tucumcari area,
Quay County; and Mule Creek area, Grant County. First and second instars
becoming abundant in some areas near Ramah and in spotted areas on Indian
Reservation near Zuni in McKinley County. (PPC). OKLAHOMA - Nymphal surveys

of several species on rangeland in Comanche, Cotton and Tillman Counties (south-
west); Caddo County (west central); and Grady County (central) show infestations
of 1-7 per square yard. Species found 90 percent Ageneotettix deorum (90 per-
cent first instar). Other surveys show Melanoplus spp. present in damaging
numbers in McAlester area, Pittsburg County. (Okla. Coop. Sur.). UTAH - Chiefly
first and second instars noted about alfalfa fields and roadsides at Green River,
Emery County. (Knowlton). WYOMING - Several species hatching on ditchbanks and
fence rows adjacent to irrigated areas in Washakie County. (Marks). Range
species beginning hatch in Platte County. (Pfadt). At altitude 4,400-4,800 feet
counts per 100 square feet averaged as follows: Glendo - Cordillacris occipitalis
first instar, 0.5; Melanoplus confusus, second instar, 0.5 and Psoloessa
delicatula, adults, 4. Guernsey - C. occipitalis, first instar, 0.5 and M.
confusus, first instar, 0.5. Wheatland —- Aulocara elliotti, first instar 7,
second instar 1; C. occipitalis, first instar 28; Amphitornus coloradus, first
instar 2; and M. confusus, first instar 3 and third instar 1. (Marks).

MISSOURI - Melanoplus Sanguinipes (migratory grasshopper) young nymphs noted in
Phelps County. (Wkly. Ins. Rpt., May 8). SOUTH DAKOTA - Hatching expected
within week; populations expected high in number of areas of State. Early control
recommended before July 1 along fence rows and in idle acres to prevent crop
damage. (Kantack). MINNESOTA - Egg development in east-central and central
districts as follows: Melanoplus femurrubrum (red-legged grasshopper) and M.
differentialis (differential grasshopper) nearly all coagulated; M. bivittatus
(two-striped grasshopper) all coagulated; M. packardi (Packard grasshopper)
showed early eye spot development. Egg predators relatively high in Wright,
Anoka and Washington Counties. Field in Wright County with 40 percent of egg
pods with ground beetle larvae feeding on developing eggs. (Minn. Ins. Rpt.).
WISCONSIN - Egg pods examined in Columbia and Sauk Counties show relatively high
degree of predation. Some fields ranged as high as 50 percent. Some eggs of

M. femurrubrum in early coagulated stage May 6 and 7, (Wis. Ins. Sur.).

SALT-MARSH CATERPILLAR (Estigmene acrea) - OHIO - Nine adults collected at
Reynoldsburg, Franklin County, blacklight trap during 9-day period. Specimen
collected in light trap near Hillsboro, Highland County, May 10. (Walker, Spilker,
Rose).

- 507 -

GARDEN WEBWORM (Loxostege similalis) - IDAHO - Lawn generally infested at Moscow;
required control. (O'Keefe).

TEXAS LEAF-CUTTING ANT (Atta texana) - TEXAS - Winged forms reported in Wilson,
Wharton, Karnes, Cherokee, Rusk, Fayette, Harris, Austin, Travis, Gregg, Bexar
and Limestone Counties, (Tex. Coop. Rpt.).

BANKS GRASS MITE (Oligonychus pratensis) - FLORIDA - Adults heavy and damaging
centipede grass at Deerfield Beach, Broward County. (Clinton, May 5).

EUROPEAN CHAFER (Amphimallon majalis) - NEW YORK - Larvae nearing prepupal stage
in Onondaga County. (N.Y. Wkly. Rpt., May 10).

FRUIT INSECTS

ROSY APPLE APHID (Anuraphis rosea) - CONNECTICUT - Curling leaves in some areas.
(Savos, May 12). NEW YORK - Found in Columbia, Oswego, Wayne, Niagara and Orleans
Counties. (N.Y. Wkly. Rpt., May 10). MARYLAND - Heavy, injured, poorly sprayed
apple orchards in Hancock area, Washington County. (U. Md., Ent. Dept.).

INDIANA - Very light in apple orchards in Knox County. (Cleveland, May 8).

APPLE APHID (Aphis pomi) - IDAHO - Severe on apple tree at Moscow. (O'Keefe).
WISCONSIN - Newly hatched nymphs on apple in Madison, Dane County, May 6.
(Wis. Ins. Sur.). NEW YORK - Common in Oswego County. (N.Y. Wkly. Rpt., May 10).

APPLE GRAIN APHID (Rhopalosiphum fitchii) - NEW YORK - Hatching in Niagara County
in late April. (N.Y. Wkly. Rpt.). WISCONSIN - Newly hatched nymphs on opening
buds at Madison, Dane County, April 30; and in Door County May 7. (Wis. Ins.
Sur.).

PEAR PSYLLA (Psylla pyricola) - CONNECTICUT - Most eggs hatched; nymphs easily
found on unsprayed trees. (Savos, May 12). RHODE ISLAND - Numerous eggs,
occasional adult and new nymphs in neglected orchard in Exeter, Washington
County. (Mathewson).

TARNISHED PLANT BUG (Lygus lineolaris) - NEW YORK - Found in Dutchess County;
fairly common in orchards in Ulster County; plentiful in Columbia County. (N.Y.
Wkly. Rpt., May 10).

EUROPEAN RED MITE (Panonychus ulmi) -— CONNECTICUT - Hatching in most areas.
(Savos, May 12). NEW YORK - Overwintered eggs hatching at Gardiner, Ulster
County. (N.Y. Wkly. Rpt., May 10). MARYLAND - Increasing in some orchards in
Hancock area, Washington County. (U. Md., Ent. Dept.). OHIO - Females in
orchard at Wooster, Wayne County. No eggs observed. (Forsythe). INDIANA -
Eggs hatched April 15-20 in Vincennes area, Knox County. (Cleveland).

ORCHARD MITES - NEW YORK - Hatching in Dutchess, Ulster and Columbia Counties;
no hatching observed in Orange County. (N.Y. Wkly. Rpt., May 10). MARYLAND -
Tetranychus spp. generally increasing on apples in Hancock area, Washington
County. (. Md., Ent. Dept.). SOUTH CAROLINA - Tetranychus sp., probably

T, telarius (two-spotted spider mite) numerous on trees in apple orchard.
(Nettles et al., May 8). CALIFORNIA - T, telarius medium on peach plantings in
Empire, Stanislaus County. (Fidel). oT

CODLING MOTH (Carpocapsa pomonella) - COLORADO - Most larvae pupated, no adults
caught in bait traps. (Bulla). INDIANA - Adults emerged in Vincennes, Knox
County, area. (Cleveland, Apr. 27). MARYLAND - Pupae present, no emergence
observed in Hancock area, Washington County. (U. Md., Ent. Dept.). NEW YORK -
First pupae found under tree bands in eastern area. (N.Y, Wkly. Rpt., May 3).

RED-BANDED LEAF ROLLER (Argyrotaenia velutinana) - MARYLAND - Hatching began
April 29 in Hancock area, WaShington County. Numbers generally low. (U. Md.,

- 508 -

Ent. Dept.). NEW YORK - Observed in Columbia, Wayne and Orleans Counties.
QaYe Wily Rpieen Maye! O)e

FRUIT-TREE LEAF ROLLER (Archips argyrospilus) - NEW YORK - Observed in Monroe
County. (N.Y. Wkly. Rpt., May 10). CONNECTICUT - Larvae common on unsprayed
trees in New Haven and Storrs. (Savos, May 12).

EYE-SPOTTED BUD MOTH (Spilonota ocellana) - WISCONSIN - Larvae still in over-
wintering nests in Door County May 7. (Wis. Ins. Sur.).

BUD MOTHS - NEW YORK - Found in eastern Wayne County. (N.Y. Wkly. Rpt., May 3).
CONNECTICUT - Larvae common on unsprayed trees in New Haven and Storrs. (Savos,
May 12).

GREEN FRUITWORM (Lithophane antennata) - MARYLAND - Larvae conspicuously damaged
fruit and leaves of pear trees at Fairland, Montgomery County. WU Md eEnits
Dept.).

A SCARAB (Hoplia sp.) - CALIFORNIA - Larvae and puape heavy in soil and on root
of apple trees in Littlerock, Los Angeles County. (Cal. Coop. Rpt.).

LOCUST LEAF MINER (Xenochalepus dorsalis) - MARYLAND - Adults infesting leaves
of apples near woodlands in Hancock area, Washington County. (U. Md., Ent. Dept.).

EUROPEAN APPLE SAWFLY (Hoplocampa testudinea) - CONNECTICUT - Now active in the
State. (Savos, May 15).

GREEN PEACH APHID (Myzus persicae) - INDIANA - Very numerous in peach orchards
in Vincennes area, Knox County. (Cleveland, May 5). UTAH - Active with light
damage in peach orchards in Washington County (Thornley, Knowlton, May 10) and
at Green River, Emery County (Knowlton). Moderate at Moab, Grand County.
(Thornley).

PEACH TWIG BORER (Anarsia lineatella) - UTAH - Damage general and above normal
in Washington County. (Thornley, Knowlton, May 10).

LESSER PEACH TREE BORER (Synanthedon pictipes) - INDIANA - Emerged in peach
orchards in Vincennes area, Knox County. (Cleveland, May 5).

PLUM CURCULIO (Conotrachelus nenuphar) - NEW JERSEY - Small numbers active on
Cabbot and Weymouth varieties of blueberries. Problem in peaches. (Ins.-Dis.
Newsltr.). MICHIGAN - First adults of season collected in Livingston County.
(Newman). OHIO - Egg laying in apricot fruit in Delaware, Delaware County.
Adult taken in blacklight trap in Franklin County. (Gibson, Rose). INDIANA -
Adults emerged in Vincennes, Knox County, area. (Cleveland, Apr. 27). TEXAS -
Probably this species locally heavy on apricots in Comanche County. (Dickson).

OLIVE SCALE (Parlatoria oleae) - CALIFORNIA - Medium locally on plum trees in
Yuba City, Sutter County; apple nursery stock in Dos Palos, Merced County; and
apple trees in Fresno, Fresno County. (Cal. Coop. Rpt.).

A FRUIT-TREE MITE (Bryobia rubrioculus) - CALIFORNIA - Adults heavy on Santa
Rosa plum trees in Santa Cruz, Santa Cruz County. (Cal. Coop. Rpt.). UTAH -
Most common mite damaging some peach orchards at Hurricane, Toquerville and
Leeds, Washington County. (Thornley, Knowlton, May 10).

BLACK CHERRY APHID (Myzus cerasi) - NEW YORK - On sweet cherry in Orleans County
and found in Niagara County. (N.Y. Wkly. Rpt., May 10). MICHIGAN - Adults and
few nymphs present in Ingham County. (Wooley). OHIO - On sweet cherry at
Wooster, Wayne County. (Forsythe).

OLEANDER SCALE (Aspidiotus hederae) - CALIFORNIA - Heavy locally on avocado
trees in San Luis Obispo, San Luis Obispo County. (Cal. Coop. Rpt.).

- 509 -

BLACK PECAN APHID (Melanocallis caryaefoliae) - GEORGIA - Moderate on pecans in
Sumter County. Yellow species moderate to heavy on pecans in Pulaski, Peach and
Sumter Counties. (Fletcher).

BLACK-MARGINED APHID (Monellia costalis) - OKLAHOMA - Heavy rains decreased
populations on pecans in many areas, (Okla. Coop. Sur.).

PECAN PHYLLOXERA (Phylloxera devastatrix) -— OKLAHOMA - First activity of season
reported on pecans in Marshall and Jefferson Counties. (Okla. Coop. Sur.).

OBSCURE SCALE (Chrysomphalus obscurus) - OKLAHOMA - Moderate on pecans in
McCurtain County. (Okla. Coop. Sur.).

PECAN NUT CASEBEARER (Acrobasis caryae) - ALABAMA - Small larvae entering nuts
and shoots in orchards in Dallas and Bullock Counties. (Stone et al.).
OKLAHOMA - Extensive survey indicates no eggs present. (Okla. Coop. Sur.).

WEEVILS - ALABAMA - Larvae of unidentified species light to heavy in growing
shoots of pecans in Marengo, Tuscaloosa, Shelby, Butler and other counties,
(Moore, Thompson, Jones, Holstun).

COTTONY-CUSHION SCALE (Icerya purchasi) - ARIZONA - Found on citrus in Phoenix,
Maricopa County. (Ariz. Coop. Sur.).

TEXAS CITRUS MITE (Eutetranychus banksi) - FLORIDA - All stages moderately
damaging leaves of sweet orange in nursery at Davie, Broward County. (Shirah,
Apr. 26).

BEET ARMYWORM (Spodoptera exigua) - CALIFORNIA - Larvae damaging orange trees
in Santa Paula, Ventura County. (Calls Coop eRpit =) -

WESTERN GRAPE LEAF SKELETONIZER (Harrisina brillians) - ARIZONA - Adults
becoming numerous on backyard grape plantings in Phoenix area, Maricopa County.
(Ariz. Coop. Sur.).

A LEAF BEETLE (Glyptoscelis squamulata) - CALIFORNIA - Medium, damaging grape
shoots in Hanford, Kings County. (Cal. Coop. Rpt.).

LEAFHOPPERS (Erythroneura spp.) - ARIZONA - Light to medium on grapes in Yuma
County. Populations persist in Maricopa County areas. (Ariz. Coop. Sur.).

RUSTY PLUM APHID (Hysteroneura setariae) - ARIZONA - Damaging terminal growth
of grape runners in Stafford area, Graham County. (Ariz. Coop. Sune

CURRANT APHID (Capitophorus ribis) - WISCONSIN - Causing malformed leaves in
Dane County. (Wis. Ins. Sur.).

TRUCK CROP INSECTS

COLORADO POTATO BEETLE (Leptinotarsa decemlineata) - RHODE ISLAND - Adults
appearing in Coventry area, Kent County. (Mathewson). NEW JERSEY - Out in
numbers at Adelphia, Monmouth County. (Ins.-Dis. Newsltr.). MARYLAND - Adults
and eggs light to moderate on potatoes and tomatoes in Caroline and Wicomico
Counties. (U. Md., Ent. Dept.). GEORGIA - Larvae heavily damaging tomato
plants in Spalding County. (Dupree). OKLAHOMA - Moderate on potato plants in
Bryan County. (Okla. Coop. Sur.).

FLEA BEETLES - GEORGIA - Moderate on eggplant in Clarke County. (Smith).
MARYLAND - Epitrix spp. adults heavy on potatoes and tomatoes at locations on
Eastern Shore, (U. Md., Ent. Dept.). OHIO - Undetermined species damaging
newly set tomato plants in Oxford, Butler County. (Daniel).

- 510 -

POTATO APHID (Macrosiphum euphorbiae) - MARYLAND - Light to moderate on potatoes
and tomatoes at locations in Caroline and Wicomico Counties. (U. Md., Ent.
Dept.).

EUROPEAN CORN BORER (Ostrinia nubilalis) - NORTH CAROLINA - Egg mass noted on
potato plant in Pasquotank County, May 10. (Mount).

TOBACCO BUDWORM (Heliothis virescens) —- OKLAHOMA - First adults of year taken in
light trap in Stillwater, Payne County. (Okla. Coop. Sur.).

SALT-MARSH CATERPILLAR (Estigmene acrea) - ARIZONA - Medium on potatoes in
Glendale area, Maricopa County. (Ariz. Coop. Sur.).

BEET ARMYWORM (Spodoptera exigua) - CALIFORNIA - Larvae medium, damaging bell
peppers in Encanto, San Diego County. (Cal. Coop. Rpt.).

GARDEN SPRINGTAIL (Bourletiella hortensis) - MARYLAND - Adults heavy on potatoes,
radishes and onions at locations in Wicomico County. (U. Md., Ent. Dept.)).

CABBAGE LOOPER (Trichoplusia ni) - GEORGIA - Heavy on cabbage in Tift County.
(Girardeau).

IMPORTED CABBAGEWORM (Pieris rapae) - GEORGIA - Damaging cabbage in Putnam
County. (Dupree).

FLEA BEETLES (Phyllotreta spp.) - MARYLAND - Adults general on cabbage and other
ecrucifers at several locations in Wicomico County. (U. Md., Ent. Dept.).

CABBAGE MAGGOT (Hylemya brassicae) - NEW JERSEY - Four sticky board traps yielded
42 adults at Great Meadows. (Ins.-Dis. Newsltr.).

BEAN LEAF BEETLE (Cerotoma trifurcata) - DELAWARE - First adults of season
fairly common on young snap beans in southern Kent County and northern Sussex
County. (Burbutis). MARYLAND - Adults increasing generally on young snap beans
on lower Eastern Shore. (U. Md., Ent. Dept.). GEORGIA - Moderate on beans in
home garden in Gwinnett County and on beans in Wayne County. (Vanderford,
Cates). ALABAMA - Quite heavy on snap beans, lima beans and field peas in
gardens in central section. Controls underway. (Thompson et al.).

PEA APHID (Acyrthosiphon pisum) - DELAWARE - Increasing in most areas. Average
over 2 per sweep. (Burbutis). WISCONSIN - Hatched April 13 in Brodhead, Green
County, and Mazomanie, Dane County, areas, 4 days later than in 1964. Counts
range zero to 1500 per sweep in parts of Trempealeau County. Winged forms
appearing. Soe early pea fields in Spring Green, Sauk County, infested, counts
very low, but could increase rapidly. (Wis. Ins. Sur.). OKLAHOMA - Heavy on
garden peas in Marshall, Bryan, Kay and Blaine Counties. Okla. (Coope su) =

MEXICAN BEAN BEETLE (Epilachna varivestis) - GEORGIA - Moderate on beans in
Wayne County. (Cates).

LESSER CORNSTALK BORER (Elasmopalpus lignosellus) - GEORGIA - Damaging field
peas in Tift County. (Leuck).

THRIPS - GEORGIA - Heavy on beans in Tift County.. (Thompson).

SPOTTED ASPARAGUS BEETLE (Crioceris duodecimpunctata) - UTAH - Present but not
numerous on asparagus at Green River, Emery County. (Knowlton).

ONION MAGGOT (Hylemya antiqua) - NEW JERSEY - Sticky board traps yielded 25
adults on 4 boards at Great Meadows and 427 adults on 6 boards at Cedarville.
(Ins.-Dis. Newsltr.).

- sll -

BEET LEAFHOPPER (Circulifer tenellus) - WYOMING - Survey in Washakie County area
May 4-12 revealed 712 in 3,124 square-foot samples of weed host areas. Averaged
0.23 per square foot compared with 0.11 in 1964, Efforts underway for controls
on waste areas near irrigated land. (Lowry, Peterson, Thornley, Patch, Marks).

SUGAR-BEET ROOT MAGGOT (Tetanops myopaeformis) - COLORADO - Adults active in
fields near Fort Collins, Larimer County. (Jenkins).

WHITE GRUBS - COLORADO - Unidentified species reducing stands of sugar beets in
Logan County. (Reid).

SQUASH BUG (Anasa tristis) - OKLAHOMA - First adults of season on watermelons
in Terral area of Jefferson County. (Okla. Coop. Sur.).

WESTERN FLOWER THRIPS (Frankliniella occidentalis) - CALIFORNIA - Adults and
nymphs medium on cucumber plants in Encanto, San Diego County. (Cal. Coop.
Rpt.).

TWO-SPOTTED SPIDER MITE (Tetranychus telarius) - ARIZONA - Becoming very abundant
on melon plants in Yuma County. Ariz. Coop. Sur.). NEW JERSEY - Weather favors
activity. Count increased from 6 to 544 per 50 leaves in 1 strawberry field at
Hammonton, Atlantic County. (Ins.-Dis. Newsltr.).

WEEVILS - GEORIGA - Larvae damaging strawberry plants in Spalding County.
(Dupree). MASSACHUSETTS - Brachyrhinus sp. caused serious injury to several
strawberry fields in Falmouth, Barnstable County. (Tomlinson, May 7).

AN APHID (Pentatrichopus thomasi) -MARYLAND - Adults and nymphs moderate on
strawberries at Brandywine, Prince Georges County. (U. Md., Ent. Dept.).

APHIDS - NEW JERSEY - Moderately abundant on strawberries. Winged forms
appearing. (Ins.-Dis. Newsltr.).

STRAWBERRY LEAF ROLLER (Ancylis comptana -fragariae) - NEW HAMPSHIRE - Adults
active at Durham. (Conklin, May 10).

BLUEBERRY BUD MITE (Aceria vaccinii) - NORTH CAROLINA - Infesting blueberry
twigs in Pender County. (Honeycutt, Falter).

EASTERN RASPBERRY FRUITWORM (Byturus rubi) - RHODE ISLAND - Adults common on
raspberry in Peace Dale, Washington County. (Mathewson).

CELERY LOOPER (Anagrapha falcifera) - OHIO - Adult taken in blacklight trap at
Reynoldsburg, Franklin County. (Walker, Spilker).

SEED-CORN MAGGOT (Hylemya platura) - NEW JERSEY - Sticky board traps caught 333
adults on 4 boards at Great Meadows and 280 adults on 6 boards at Cedarville.
(Ins.-Dis. Newsltr.).

EUROPEAN EARWIG (Forficula auricularia) - UTAH - Appearing in home gardens in
Sanpete County. (Thornley, Knowlton, May 10).

TOBACCO INSECTS

WIREWORMS - NORTH CAROLINA - Probably Conoderus vespertinus damaged 50 percent of
plants in 9-acre field in Wake and 10-15 percent in Martin County tobacco fields.
C. falli and C. lividus damaged 25 percent of plants in field near Rose Hill,
Duplin County. (Woodard, Hodges, Mount).

BUDWORMS (Heliothis spp.) - GEORGIA - Light on tobacco in southern area. (French,
Girardeau).

HORNWORMS (Protoparce spp.) - GEORGIA - Light on tobacco in Tift County.
(Girardeau) .

= 512 -
COTTON INSECTS

BOLL WEEVIL (Anthonomus grandis) - TEXAS - Light, spotted populations in Jackson,
Nueces and Victoria Counties. (Texas Coop. Rpt.). Found in 5 of 14 fields in-
spected in McLennan-Falls County area. Ranged 0-416; averaged 50 per acre. Six
weevils collected on flight screens; survival percentage in hibernation cages as
follows: 1.1 in 2 cages containing 1,000 field collected weevils installed
October 29; 9.6 in cage containing 136 weevils removed from ground trash and
rehibernated December 2; and 15.8 in cage containing 152 weevils removed from
ground trash and rehibernated in March, 1965. One weevil removed from 3 cages
containing green bolls collected in November and placed on soil surface and 2
from 3 cages containing green bolls placed on screens 6 inches above soil surface
in November. One weevil removed from 6 cages containing bollie cotton collected
from standing stalks in March. (Cowan et al.). ALABAMA - Adults light on young
cotton in field in Geneva County. (Stephenson, Johnson). Adults out of hiber-
nation in Bullock and Tuscaloosa Counties. (Stone, Lavendar). Survey in 100-
acre cotton field in Lowndes County in 6-8 leaf stage revealed rather high in-
festations of adults; 8 collected from 132 linear feet of row, equivalent to
about 900 weevils per acre. Another field in 2-leaf stage in Dallas County
contained average of 44 adults per acre. (Woodruff, Culpepper).

WIREWORMS - MISSISSIPPI - Larvae reported eating cotton seed in several delta
county fields; at least 160 acres replanted because of damage. (Pfrimmer et al.).

THRIPS - ARIZONA - Frankliniella occidentalis (western flower thrips) medium to
heavy; continues damage to cotton in eastern area; threatens to become of economic
importance in central area. (Ariz. Coop. Sur.). TEXAS - Light in Harris and
Victoria Counties. Light to heavy in Refugio, Calhoun, De Witt, Wharton, Houston,
Madison, Walker and Jackson Counties. Moderate in Anderson, Brazoria, Red River,
Zavala and Williamson Counties. (Texas Coop. Rpt.). Heavy rains slowed movement
to cotton in McLennan-Falls County area. Light in 4 systemically treated fields;
none in 2, In 8 untreated fields inspected, heavy in 1, medium in 1, light in

5 and none in 1. (Cowan et al.). MISSISSIPPI + Increasing in some delta

county fields. (Pfrimmer et al.). ALABAMA - Light to heavy in cotton throughout
much of State. Isolated and heavy infestations occurring in few untreated
fields in Marengo, Tuscaloosa and Shelby Counties. Lesser numbers on some

cotton in Fayette, Dallas, Morgan and Lee Counties. Some controls used in

Shelby County. (McQueen et al.). GEORGIA - Light to heavy on cotton in north-
west, north and northeast areas. (Johnson). Light to heavy in southern area.
(French).

BOLLWORM (Heliothis zea) - ARIZONA - Small number of eggs found on cotton through-
out central area; no larvae found. (Ariz. Coop. Sur.). TEXAS - Reported in

most cotton fields in Rio Grande Valley; few heavy populations. Feeding on
terminal growth in Live Oak and Bee Counties. Light in areas of Brazoria,
Houston, Madison, Walker and Nueces Counties. (Texas Coop. Rpt.). Two larvae
collected on Indian paintbrush and reared to fifth instar identified as

H. virescens (tobacco budworm) in McLennan-Falls County area. Total identified

to date from all hosts: 113 H. zea and 2 H. virescens. (Cowan et al.).
ALABAMA - Young larvae of Heliothis spp. caused some damage to buds of 8-leaf
stage cotton in Lowndes County. Numerous eggs noted. (Woodruff et al.).

BEET ARMYWORM (Spodoptera exigua) - ARIZONA - Light to medium on cotton in
Graham, Yuma and Maricopa Counties; some controls necessary in Yuma County.
CAriz: Coop, Sur;.)).

YELLOW-STRIPED ARMYWORM (Prodenia ornithogalli) - TEXAS - Occasional specimens
found in 4 fields in McLennan-Falls County area. (Cowan et al.).

BLACK CUTWORM (Agrotis ipsilon) - CALIFORNIA - Larvae heavy; damaging cotton
plantings in Weedpatch, Kern County. (Cal. Coop. Rpt.).

= 913 -

GRANULATE CUTWORM (Feltia subterranea) — ARIZONA - Controls necessary in Yuma
County cotton fields previously planted to lettuce. Light in Solomon area,
Graham County. (Ariz. Coop. Sur.).

CUTWORMS - MISSOURI - Causing severe loss of stand in at least one cotton field
in Dunklin County. (Harrendorf, Jones, Keaster). TEXAS - Occasional specimen
noted in field in McLennan-Falls County area. (Cowan et al.). MISSISSIPPI -
Increasing in some delta county fields. (Pfrimmer et al.). SOUTH CAROLINA -
Unusually severe on farm in Sumter County. (Bowen, May 11).

GARDEN WEBWORM (Loxostege similalis) - TEXAS - Caused light damage in some fields
in Wharton and Williamson Counties. (Texas Coop. Rpt.).

PINK BOLLWORM (Pectinophora gossypiella) - TEXAS - Ten adults from 3 cages con-
taining green bolis in November in McLennan-Falls County area and placed on

soil surface; 3 from cages containing green bolls placed on screens 6 inches
above soil surface in November. In 6 cages containing 100 pounds of bollie
cotton collected in March from standing stalks, 13 moths emerged. (Cowan et al.).
ARIZONA - Live larvae were found in the top 2 inches of soil on a farm in Graham
County. Adult emergence in experimental cages located at Mesa and Safford
increasing. (Ariz. Coop. Sur.).

COTTON FLEAHOPPER (Psallus seriatus) -— TEXAS - Ranged 5-40 per 100 terminals in
Nueces, Jim Wells, Live Oak, Victoria, Refugio and Calhoun Counties. Damaging
in only few fields in Rio Grande Valley. Light in Madison, Houston, Harris,
Williamson, Brazoria, Anderson and Jackson Counties; moderate in Wharton County
and heavy in Red River County. (Texas Coop. Rpt.). Averaged 3 per 100 linear
feet of row in 6 systemically or other treated fields in McLennan and Falls
County area; ranged 0-22.3. Averaged 3.5 in 8 untreated fields; ranged 0-14.
Overall average 3.2. Horesemint, a host plant, in all stages of growth from
seedling to full bloom. Inspections in 5 fields showed very heavy buildup on
this host; average 11 per plant. Heavy crop of evening-primrose also present;
400 per 75 sweeps on this host. (Cowan et al.).,

LYGUS BUGS (Lygus spp.) - ARIZONA - Nymphal populations increasing in cotton in
Pinal and Maricopa Counties. (Ariz. Coop. Sur.).

COTTON APHID (Aphis gossypii) - TEXAS - Light from Bee, Victoria, Calhoun and
Brazoria Counties. (Texas Coop. Rpt.).

APHIDS - MISSISSIPPI - Present in many delta county fields. (Pfrimmer et al.).
GEORGIA - Light on cotton in southern area, (French).

SPIDER MITES - ARIZONA - Tetranychus telarius (two-spotted spider mite) scattered
and heavy; required treatments in Yuma and Maricopa Counties. CAxrize Coope, Surk)).
TEXAS - Light on cotton in Jim Wells, Houston, Madison and Walker Counties.

(Texas Coop. Rpt.). ALABAMA - Tetranychus spp. spotted and light on 3 and 4-leaf

cotton on 2 farms in Tuscaloosa County. (Holstun et al.).

FOREST, ORNAMENTAL AND SHADE TREE INSECTS

CONIFER BARK BEETLES - ARKANSAS - Dendroctonus terebrans (black turpentine beetle)
and Ips spp. activity increasing but still below normal. (Ark. Forest Pest Rpt.,
May). TEXAS -— Dendroctonus frontalis (southern pine beetle) increased during
April from low levels in March. Total of 64 new infestations in Hardin, Jasper,
Liberty, Newton, Orange, Polk and Tyler Counties. Activity reported in San
Augustine and San Jacinto Counties. D. terebrans heavy in 1,000-acre loblolly
pine stand in Orange County. Scattered on loblolly and shortleaf pines in
Trinity and Houston Counties. Ips avulsus, I. grandicollis and I. calligraphus
increasing in association with D. frontalis injury. (Texas Forest Pest Comm. ,
Apr. Rpt.; Williamson). =F

- 514 -

CONIFER SAWFLIES (Neodiprion spp.) - ARKANSAS - Considerable defoliation by

N. taedae linearis in Calhoun and Union Counties. Larvae going into soil.
Infestations less intense than in 1964. (Ark. Forest Pest Rpt., May). NEVADA -
Variable, spotted, light to medium infestations of early instars of N. edulicolis
on pinyon pine above Panaca toward Modena Summit; light, spotted infestations at
Oak Springs Summit, Lincoln County. (Bechtel, Zoller).

EUROPEAN PINE SAWFLY (Neodiprion sertifer) - INDIANA - Larvae infesting jack pine
and Virginia pine in Tippecanoe County. (Schuder, May 8). MICHIGAN - Hatching
widespread in southeastern section. First-stage larvae averaged 5 colonies per
5-foot tree in 2 Scotch pine plantations in Livingston County. (Newman). OHIO -
A small infestation in Scotch pine near Cincinnati, Hamilton County. Larvae
found at rate of 4 per needle. (Rose).

EUROPEAN PINE SHOOT MOTH (Rhyacionia buoliana) — MICHIGAN - Larval injury appear—
ing on new growth of Scotch pine in Livingston County; 22 live and 3 dead larvae
found in a 25-twig sample. (Newman).

NANTUCKET PINE TIP MOTH (Rhyacionia frustrana) - NEW YORK - Adults active in
Japanese black pine plantation at East Moriches, Suffolk County. (N.Y. Wkly.
Rpt., May 10). ALABAMA - Last-stage larvae extremely damaging to ornamental
pine planting in Tuscaloosa County. (Holstun).

A PINE TIP MOTH - GEORGIA - Heavy on young pines in Athens area. (Rodney,
Coleman). ARKANSAS - First generation larval activity noticeable in southern
area. (Ark. Forest Pest Rpt., May).

SPRUCE NEEDLE MINER (Taniva albolineana) —- NEW YORK - Damage observed in Wayne
County. (N.Y. Wkly. Rpt., May 10).

PINE TUBE MOTH (Argyrotaenia pinatubana) - NEW YORK - Adults active in Japanese
black pine plantation at East Moriches, Suffolk County. (N.Y. Wkly. Rpt., May 10).

MITES - NEW JERSEY - Undetermined species heavy on spruce and pine in central
counties. (Ins.-Dis. Newsltr.). ILLINOIS - Oligonychus ununguis (spruce spider
mite) moderate on pine in Lee County. (I11. Ins. Rpt.). RHODE ISLAND - Adults
of Nalepella tsugifoliae active. Eggs very numerous on hemlock in nursery in
Peace Dale, Washington County. (Mathewson).

PINE SPITTLEBUG (Aphrophora parallela) - NORTH CAROLINA - Spittle masses on
loblolly pines inseveral areas of Montgomery County. (Whitfield). WISCONSIN -
Spittle masses on windbreak white and red pines inwestern Dane and southern Sauk
Counties. (Wis. Ins. Sur.).

PINE NEEDLE SCALE (Phenacaspis pinifoliae) - IOWA - Hatched at Ames, May 9; 16
days earlier than usual. Controls urged. (Iowa Ins. Inf.).

A MARGARCDID SCALE (Matsucoccus acalyptus) - NEVADA — Heavy on many pinyon pines,
especially smaller trees, in Oak Springs Summit area, Lincoln County. (Bechtel,
Zoller).

EASTERN TENT CATERPILLAR (Malacosoma americanum) - VERMONT - Moderately heavy in
Rutland County; tents in Burlington, Chittenden County, and Montpelier, Washington
County, areas; hatching on wild cherry in Leicester, Addison County. (Nielson
May 10). CONNECTICUT - Feeding on trees and shrubs in many areas. (Savos,

May 15). RHODE ISLAND - Tents increasingly conspicuous statewide, population
high. (Mathewson, Veilleux). OHIO - Defoliation of wild cherry trees continues
severe in southern section. In Hamilton County, larvae have mostly left the host
trees and are on surrounding vegetation. In Clermont County, larvae crawling over
trees, shrubs, walks and grass; seem particularly numerous this year. (Hamilton,
Rose). INDIANA - Continues severe with heavy migrations in southern sections of
State. Second-stage larvae in Porter County. (Huber, Lehker, Matthew, Schuder,
May 8). ILLINOIS - Light to moderate, mostly on wild cherry in northern half of

= Oils) =

State. .(I11. Ins. Rpt.). MICHIGAN - Hatching underway, 90 percent of colonies
sampled in Livingston County had second instars. Remainder with first instars.
(Flink, Newman).

GREAT BASIN TENT CATERPILLAR (Malacosoma fragile) - UTAH - Stripping foliage of
several hundred cottonwood trees in Moab area of Grand County. Some trees
75-95 percent defoliated. (Knowlton, Thornley). Destructive to cottonwood
foliage in Shivwit Indian Reservation area and damaging shrubs in Virgin River
area of Washington County. (Dorst, Knowlton, May 5).

FOREST TENT CATERPILLAR (Malacosoma disstria) - MINNESOTA - Larvae late in first
instar. (Minn. Ins. Rpt.).

SPRING CANKERWORM (Paleacrita vernata) -— KANSAS - Light in Riley and Shawnee
Counties. (Gates, Brooks, May 7). MICHIGAN - All hatched in Livingston County.
(Newman) .

CANKERWORMS - NEW YORK - Hatching 30-40 percent complete at Cold Spring Harbor,
Suffolk County. (N.Y. Wkly. Rpt., May 10). NEW JERSEY - Active on shade trees
in central counties. (Ins.-Dis. Newsltr.). MINNESOTA - First-stage larvae in
Minneapolis-St. Paul area. (Minn. Ins. Rpt.). NORTH DAKOTA - Hatching underway
in Bismarck, Jamestown and other southeastern areas. (Frye).

GYPSY MOTH (Porthetria dispar) - NEW HAMPSHIRE - Eggs hatching at North Conway.
(McFall, May 10). VERMONT - First hatching at West Rutland, Rutland County.
Ooencyrtus kuwanai (an encyrtid) attacking eggs in same area. (Nielsen, May 5).
CONNECTICUT - Feeding on trees and shrubs in many areas. (Savos). RHODE ISLAND -
Larval feeding noticeable in section of Lincoln, Providence County. (King).

NEW YORK - Hatching in Kerhonkson area, Ulster County. Also hatching in
Nissequogue and Stony Brook areas of Suffolk County where egg clusters are

heavy -— 300-3,000 per acre. PENNSYLVANIA - Eggs 50 percent hatched in Delaware
Township, Pike County. (Walter, May 5).

LARCH CASE BEARER (Coleophora laricella) - CONNECTICUT - Generally infesting
25-30 larch trees in New Hartford, Litchfield County, for third year. (Johnson,
May 10). NEW YORK - Light on roadside larches at Newfield, Tompkins County.
(N.Y. Wkly. Rpt., May 10).

CALIFORNIA OAKWORM (Phryganidia californica) - CALIFORNIA - Larvae continue
medium on oak trees in Santa Rosa, Sonoma County. (Cal. Coop. Rpt.).

MAY BEETLES (Phyllophaga spp.) - OHIO - Collected by hundreds in a light trap in
Reynoldsburg, Franklin County, May 3-15. Adults attacking sugar maple and oak.
Other reports of feeding damage from Oxford, Butler County. Apparently

P, ephilida is most common in southwestern section of State but P. tristis

‘and P, rugosa also present. (Walker, Spilker, Boesel). ae

ELM LEAF BEETLE (Galerucella xanthomelaena) - NEVADA - Adults feeding on foliage
in Caliente, Lincoln County. No eggs or larvae observed. (Bechtel, Zoller).
ARIZONA - Heavy populations defoliating elms throughout Maricopa and Pinal
Counties. (Ariz. Coop. Sur.). OKLAHOMA - Moderate on elms in Stephens,

Murray and Kingfisher Counties; light in Cleveland and Woodward Counties.
Larval feeding heavy in Payne County. (Okla. Coop. Sur.). ALABAMA - Hatching
light on elms in central section. (McQueen). MARYLAND - Adults on Chinese elms
at Glendale, Prince Georges County. (U. Md., Ent. Dept.). DELAWARE - Adults
and fresh eggs fairly common on elms in a Sussex County area; injury moderate.
(Burbutis).

SMALLER EUROPEAN ELM BARK BEETLE (Scolytus multistriatus) - CALIFORNIA - Medium
population of adults in residence in Colusa, Colusa County. This is a new
county record. (Cal. Coop. Rpt.). KANSAS - Emergence underway. (Gates, Brooks,
May 7).

— ol Gn—

NATIVE ELM BARK BEETLE (Hylurgopinus rufipes) - IOWA - Emerged in numbers in
central area, May 8-9. (Iowa Ins. Inf.). NEW YORK - Adults emerging from
hibernation and active. (N.Y. Wkly. Rpt., May 10).

A LEAF BEETLE (Chrysomela interrupta) - OKLAHOMA - Heavy numbers defoliating
willows in several areas of State; also damaging cottonwood and tamarix in
Marshall County. (Okla. Coop. Sur.).

BOXELDER BUG (Leptocoris trivittatus) - NEVADA - Heavy nymphal and adult infest-
ations on boxelder in Panaca, Lincoln County. (Bechtel, Zoller).

BOXWOOD LEAF MINER (Monarthropalpus buxi) - DELAWARE - Heavy in boxwood in area
of New Castle County; most larvae pupated. (Burbutis).

BIRCH LEAF MINER (Fenusa pusilla)’ - VERMONT - Laying eggs on birch leaves in
Burlington area, Chittenden County. (Nielsen, May 9). NEW HAMPSHIRE - Adults
emerging at Dover and Durham. (Mason, Conklin, May 10). RHODE ISLAND - Adults
very numerous in birch in Kingston, Peace Dale and Exeter, Washington County.
(Mathewson).

BOXWOOD PSYLLID (Psylla buxi) - DELAWARE - Infesting boxwood in area of New
Castle County. (Burbutis).

WOOLLY APPLE APHID (Eriosoma lanigerum) - SOUTH CAROLINA - Extremely numerous,
causing curled leaves on American elm and cork elm. (Nettles, et al., May 11).
DELAWARE - Present on elms in a Sussex County area. (Burbutis).

ELM LEAF APHID (Myzocallis ulmifolii) - MARYLAND - Nymphs infesting American elms
at locations in Harford and Prince Georges Counties. (U. Md., Ent. Dept.).

APHIDS - RHODE ISLAND - Undetermined species very common on leaves of sycamore
maple in Peace Dale, Washington County. Lady beetles numerous. Aphis fabae
(bean aphid) common on euonymus in Peace Dale. (Mathewson). GEORGIA - Undeter -
mined species heavy on poplar and oak in Griffin. (Beckham). WISCONSIN -— Mis-
shapened blossoms and leaves of snowball bushes in Dane County where no treatment
applied for Anuraphis viburnicola (snowball aphid). (Wis. Ins. Sur.). NEVADA -
Variable, light to heavy infestations of Periphyllus negundinis (boxelder aphid)
on boxelder in Caliente and Panaca, Lincoln County. (Bechtel, Zoller).
CALIFORNIA - Eggs and adults of Prociphilus fraxinifolii heavy on Arizona ash

in Artois, Glenn County. (Cal. Coop. Rpt.).

A GEOMETRID MOTH (Coryphista meadii) - CALIFORNIA - Medium larval populations on
Oregon-grape (Mahonia sp.) nursery stock in Merced, Merced County. (Cal. Coop.
Rpt.)-

CHRYSANTHEMUM GALL MIDGE (Diarthronomyia chrysanthemi) - CALIFORNIA - Larvae
medium, damaging chrysanthemum plants locally in San Diego, San Diego County.
(Cal. Coop. Rpt.).

NATIVE HOLLY LEAF MINER (Phytomyza ilicicola) - MARYLAND - Adults emerging from
mines on American holly at locations in Anne Arundel, Montgomery and Prince
Georges Counties. (U. Md., Ent. Dept.).

A BUPRESTID BEETLE (Anthaxia aeneogaster) - CALIFORNIA - Adults heavy, completely
destroying California-poppy flowers in Yuba City, Sutter County. (Cal. Coop. Rpt.).

COCCIDS - CONNECTICUT - Lepidosaphes ulmi (oystershell scale) infesting lilac at
Granby and Windsor Locks, Hartford County. (Savos). SOUTH DAKOTA - Saissetia sp.
on Boston fern in De Smet. (Jones). COLORADO - L. ulmi eggs reaching hatching
stage. Crawlers expected within next few weeks. (Jenkins). ARIZONA - Icerya
purchasi (cottony-cushion scale) on euonymus plants in Phoenix, Maricopa County.
(Ariz. Coop. Sur.). CALIFORNIA - Aspidiotus lataniae heavy on trees along streets
in Santa Barbara, Santa Barbara County. Parlatoria oleae (olive scale) adults
heavy on Modesto ash tree nursery stock in Merced, Merced County. (Cal. Coop.
Rpt.).

= aly —

SNAILS — ARIZONA - Undetermined species heavy and damaging lawns and flowers in
Phoenix area of Maricopa County. (Ariz. Coop. Sur.).

PRIVET MITE (Brevipalpus obovatus) - CALIFORNIA - Nymphs and adults heavy on
privet in Hanford, Kings County. (Cal. Coop. Rpt.).

INSECTS AFFECTING MAN AND ANIMALS

MOSQUITOES - UTAH - Mosquito larvae common and some adults in Castle Dale-Hunt-
ington area of Emery County. (Knowlton). NEW MEXICO - Probably Aedes vexans
light to very abundant in fields in Albuquerque area, Bernalillo County. Very
annoying to people working in fields. (Heninger). OKLAHOMA - Larvae of undeter-
mined species average 25 per dip in temporary pools in Stillwater area, Payne
County. (Okla. Coop. Sur.). MISSOURI - Mosquito problems appeared in several
sections of State. (Wkly. Ins. Rpt.). IOWA - Aedes vexans emerging from road
ditch pools. (Iowa Ins. Inf., May 11). MINNESOTA - First large-scale hatch of
A. vexans this season following heavy rains in areas of Anoka, Hennepin and
Washington Counties. As of May 14, most larvae from this brood were in the

third and fourth stage. Emergence of adults expected about May 19 or 20. Most
of the single-brooded species emerged in the Metropolitan Mosquito Control
District during week ending May 14. (Minn. Ins. Rpt.). WISCONSIN - Many larvae
in pools near Wautoma on April 29; adult activity and biting occurred near

wooded areas week ending May 14. Although most were unidentified, the species
biting near Mazomanie was A. trivittatus. (Wis. Ins. Sur.). MICHIGAN - First
general flights of adults of undetermined species occurred during week ending

May 14 in many Lower Peninsula counties. Large numbers of recently emerged Aedes
adults, probably A. fitchii or A. excrucians, sampled in Livingston County,

May 11. (Newman, Ruppel). ILLINOIS - Unidentified species reported abundant

by fishermen and homeowners in eastern and southern areas. (I11. Ins. Rpt.).
VERMONT - Undetermined species attacking livestock in Montpelier area, Washington
County. (Nielsen, May 10). GEORGIA - Adults of undetermined species heavy in
area of Rome. (Smith). FLORIDA - Mansonia perturbans adults biting man at
Goldhead Branch State Park, Clay County. (Mead, May 8).

BLACK FLIES - VERMONT - Attacking livestock in Montpelier area, Washington
County. (Nielsen, May 10). RHODE ISLAND - Causing distress to residents
locally in West Greenwich, Kent County. (Hannah). MARYLAND - Undetermined
species biting children at Lanham, Prince Georges County. (U. Md., Ent. Dept.).
WISCONSIN - Considerable activity and biting in southern Rock County, May 11.
(Wis. Ins. Sur.).

HORN FLY (Haematobia irritans) - OKLAHOMA - Populations heavy in Murray, Stephens,
Garvin and Bryan Counties; moderate in Choctaw, Cleveland and Noble Counties.
Averaged 200 per head on steers in Caddo County. (Okla. Coop. Sur.). MISSOURI -
Counts on cattle in north central, central and south central districts ranged
100-200 flies per animal. (Thomas). IOWA - None observed on cattle from Sioux
City to Ames. (Iowa Ins. Inf., May 7). ILLINOIS - Varied 0-50 per animal on
cattle in northern area. (I11l. Ins. Rpt.). OHIO - Counts of 100 flies per cow
on backs of dairy cattle in Highland County near Rocky Fork State Park. Clusters
of 25-30 flies around horns of cattle. (Rose). ALABAMA - Continues building up
on untreated cattle and reported quite heavy in Bullock County. (Stone).

FACE FLY (Musca autumnalis) - VERMONT - Ranged 1-2 per animal. (Nielsen, May 10).
ILLINOIS - Very light (0-2 per face) on cattle in northern area. (I11. Ins.
Rpt.). IOWA -— None observed on cattle from Sioux City to Ames. (Iowa Ins. Inf.
May 7). MISSOURI - Counts of 0-5 flies per face of cattle in central and north
central districts. (Thomas).

HOUSE FLY (Musca domestica) - VERMONT - Continues low in and around dairy barns.
(Nielsen, May 10). OKLAHOMA — Averaged 6 per Scudder grid in untreated barns in
Payne County. Heavy in houses and barns in Blaine County. (Okla. Coop. Sur.).

= Bil} =

TABANIDS - SOUTH CAROLINA - Deer flies attacked a person in Chester, Campbell
County. (Nettles et al., May 11). ALABAMA - Adults of horse flies and deer

flies annoying over most of State. (McQueen). OKLAHOMA - Tabanus lineola complex
averaging 1-2 per head in favorable locations in Payne County. Tabanus spp.

light on cattle in Choctaw County. Chrysops spp. active but light on cattle in
Choctaw County. (Okla. Coop. Sur.).

SCREW-WORM (Cochliomyia hominivorax) -— ARIZONA - During period of May 2-8, 16
cases found in following counties: Cochise 6, Graham 2, Pima 1, Greenlee 3,
Pinal 3 and Santa Cruz l. (Ariz. Coop. Sur.). See also page 521.

SECONDARY SCREW-WORM (Cochliomyia macellaria) - SOUTH DAKOTA - Tentatively
determined as this species; infesting wounds in cattle in vicinity of Belle
Fourche. (Jones).

COMMON CATTLE GRUB (Hypoderma lineatum) - KANSAS - Adults active in Greenwood
County. (Gates, Brooks, May 7). OHIO — Five to 20 grubs per dairy cow in a
Holstein and Jersey mixed herd of 40 animals. Although flies primarily in the
bump stage, emergence began by May 5 in Guernsey County. (Galford).

CATTLE GRUBS (Hypoderma spp.) - UTAH - Adults appearing in Sanpete County.
(Knowlton, Purnell). Attacking cattle in areas of Emery and Carbon Counties.
(Knowlton).

BLACK BLOW FLY (Phormia regina) - KANSAS - Larvae collected from cattle. (Gates,
Brooks, May 7). NORTH CAROLINA - Larvae infesting dehorning and castration
wounds of beef cattle on a Jones County farm. Det. by D. A. Mount. (Franck).

A BITING MIDGE (Leptoconops kerteszi) - UTAH - Annoying people about Great Salt
Lake and into nearby communities. (Knowlton).

HOG LOUSE (Haematopinus suis) - OKLAHOMA - Heavy on hogs in Bryan County. (Okla.
Coop. Sur.).

CATTLE LICE - UTAH - Although 70 percent of cattle in Emery County have been
dipped for lice, some herds still heavily infested. (Knowlton). OKLAHOMA -
Populations of several species remain heavy on cattle in Stephens and Bryan
Counties. (Okla. Coop. Sur.). MISSOURI - Undetermined species infesting cattle
in central and north central districts. (Thomas),

AMERICAN DOG TICK (Dermacentor variabilis) - RHODE ISLAND - Numerous reports of
heavy populations in Washington, Providence, Kent and Newport Counties. Popula-
tion apparently higher than in 1964. (Mathewson, Veilleux). MASSACHUSETTS —
Active in Plymouth and Barnstable Counties. (Tomlinson, May 7). MARYLAND -
Considerable concern to homeowners near woodlands in areas of Prince Georges
County. (U. Md., Ent. Dept.). OHIO - Probably this species reported from
central and southern areas. Reports of May 6-12 indicate activity is general.
(Shepeard, Lukens, Rose). MICHIGAN - Heavy infestations in Marquette and
Menominee Counties. First seasonal collection in late April. (Nyquist, Bowers).
MINNESOTA - Activity began first week of May and ticks appear to be very numerous.
(Minn. Ins. Rpt.).

LONE STAR TICK (Amblyomma americanum) - OKLAHOMA - Heavy on cattle in Haskell and
Choctaw Counties; moderate in Bryan County. (Okla. Coop. Sur.).

TICKS - UTAH - Infesting many cattle and horses in areas of Millard and Tooele
Counties. (Knowlton). WISCONSIN - Activity has begun in southern counties;
ticks numerous in Iowa County, May 9. (Wis. Ins. Sur.).

= ol) =

HOUSEHOLD AND STRUCTURAL INSECTS

ANTS - IDAHO - Winged and wingless adults very numerous and a nuisance in some
Nezperce locations. (Dailey). NEW MEXICO - Heavy around some homes in Las Cruces
area, Dona Ana County. (Campbell). ARIZONA - Forelius foetidus a nuisance to
many homeowners and heavy on lawns in Casa Grande area of Pinal County. (Ariz.
Coop. Sur.).

CARPENTER BEE (Xylocopa virginica) - CONNECTICUT - Damaging homes in New Haven,
Hamden, West Haven and Wallingford, New Haven County. (Savos).

ELM LEAF BEETLE (Galerucella xanthomelaena) - CONNECTICUT - In homes in Glaston-
bury, Hartford County, and Brooklyn, Windham County. (Savos). RHODE ISLAND -—
Complaints of beetles in house in Barrington, (Veilleux).

CLOVER MITE (Bryobia praetiosa) - CONNECTICUT - Continues a major household pest
statewide. (Savos). IOWA — Active around homes, (Iowa. Ins. Inf., May 11).
KANSAS - More troublesome in lawns and houses in areas of Garden City, Finney
County, and Hugoton, Stevens County, than in past years. (Gates, Brooks, May 7).
COLORADO - Requests for information on control in Larimer, Denver and Montezuma
Counties. (Hantsbarger).

ORIENTAL COCKROACH (Blatta orientalis) - IOWA - Noted in number of towns. (Iowa
Ins. Inf., May 11).

EASTERN SUBTERRANEAN TERMITE (Reticulitermes flavipes) - OHIO - Several inquiries
about control and winged specimens from Franklin and Morrow Counties indicate
that swarming activity is contuining in central area. (Delaplane, Dalrymple,
Jones). RHODE ISLAND - Reports and specimens continue. (Mathewson, Veilleux).

WESTERN SUBTERRANEAN TERMITE (Reticulitermes hesperus) - CALIFORNIA - Reports
from many areas. A medium infestation in the bath area in a residence in
Lafayette, Contra Costa County; light in Hollister, San Benito County; damaging
residences in Sacramento, Sacramento County. (Cal. Coop. Rpt.). IDAHO - A 3-
year old home in Blackfoot generally infested. (Weston).

SUBTERRANEAN TERMITES - CONNECTICUT - Very active statewide. (Savos).

MILLIPEDS - GEORGIA - Large numbers around canning plant in Meriwether County.
(Dupree).

BENEFICIAL INSECTS

LADY BEETLES — RHODE ISLAND - Eggs and adults very common wherever aphids occur.
(Mathewson). CONNECTICUT - Very numerous in south-central section. (Savos).
MICHIGAN - Generally light to moderate, less than 1 per 2 sweeps in Monroe and
Livingston Counties on alfalfa; no larvae observed. Little effect on Acyrthosiphon
pisum (pea aphid) populations. (Newman). Coleomegilla maculata adults noted
preying on some eggs of Oulema melanopa (cereal leaf beetle) but considered minor
importance in reducing numbers. (Ruppel). MINNESOTA - Quite abundant; averaged
20 per 100 sweeps. (Minn. Ins. Rpt.). ILLINOIS - C. maculata fuscilabris and
Hippodamia tredecimpunctata adults varied 0-40 (averaged 15) and larvae varied
0-40 (averaged 6) per 100 sweeps in clover and alfalfa in northern area; larvae
and adults abundant in western area. (I11. Ins. Rpt.). IOWA - Averaged 5 per

10 sweeps in alfalfa infested with A. pisum. (Iowa Ins. Inf., May 11). NEW
MEXICO - Larvae, pupae and adults in most fields infested with A. pisum and
Therioaphis maculata (spotted alfalfa aphid). (N.M. Coop. Rpt.). ARIZONA -
Coleomegilla spp. heavy in sweet corn fields in Glendale area, Maricopa County.
All stages of Rodolia cardinalis (vedalia) on Icerya purchasi (cottony-cushion
scale) infestations on citrus and euonymus in Phoenix, Maricopa County. (Ariz.
Coop. Sur.). UTAH - Numerous on aphid infested rose foliage at Price, Carbon

= 520 -

County. (Knowlton). FLORIDA - Several hundred larvae, pupae and adults of
Hippodamia convergens (convergent lady beetle) taken in 100 sweeps of alfalfa;
oats and yellow lupine yielded few. (Mead, May 10).

GROUND BEETLES - MINNESOTA - Larvae feeding on 40 percent of grasshopper eggs in
field in Wright County. (Minn. Ins. Rpt.).

BRACONIDS - MICHIGAN - Credited with keeping Acyrthosiphon pisum (pea aphid)
populations reduced in Monroe and Livingston Counties. (Newman). WISCONSIN -
Praon pequodorum appearing on pea fields infested with A. pisun. (Wis. Ins. Sur.).

AN ENCYRTID (Ooencyrtus kuwanai) —- VERMONT - Feeding on Porthetria dispar (gypsy
moth) eggs in West Rutland area, Rutland County. (Nielsen, May 5).

A PARASITIC WASP - NEW MEXICO - Unspecified species parasitizing Acyrthosiphon
pisum (pea aphid) in alfalfa fields near Belen, Valencia County. (Heninger).

BEES - NEW JERSEY —- Pollination of blueberries at peak. (Ins.-Dis. Newsltr.).
WISCONSIN - Apis mellifera (honey bee) active in apple and plum blossoms during
past week. (Wis. Ins. Sur.).

DAMSEL BUGS - MINNESOTA - Noted in some fields. (Minn. Ins. Rpt.). ILLINOIS -
Nabis sp. varied 0-40 (averaged 8) per 100 sweeps in clover and alfalfa in north-
ern area. (I11. Ins. Rpt.).

GREEN LACEWINGS (Chrysopa spp.) - FLORIDA - Adults averaged 9 per 100 sweeps on
rye at Gainesville, Alachua County. (Mead, May 10). ILLINOIS - C. oculata
(golden-eye lacewing) adults varied 0-10 per 100 sweeps in northern area; no
larvae observed. Adults plentiful in western area. (Ill. Ins. Rpt.).

FLOWER FLIES -—- CONNECTICUT - Eggs very numerous in south-central section.
(Savos). MICHIGAN - Generally light to moderate in alfalfa in Monroe and Living-—
ston Counties. (Newman). WISCONSIN - Many larvae noted associated with aphid
colonies. (Wis. Ins. Sur.).

MISCELLANEOUS INSECTS

PAINTED LADY (Vanessa cardui) -— NEVADA - Heavy adult migrations in southern
Lincoln and Nye Counties and Clark County. (Bechtel, Zoller).

TERMITES —- FLORIDA - Incisitermes snyderi and Cryptotermes cavifrons adults
caught in ultraviolet light trap at Gainesville, Alachua County. (Hetrick
May 5, 9).

CORRECTIONS

CEIR 15(20):474 — AN ALYDID BUG (Alydus pilosus) should read Alydus pilosulus

CEIR 15(20):495 - AN AVOCADO SEED WEEVIL (Conotrachelus aquacate (Barber)) should
read Conotrachelus aguacate (Barber).

- 521 -

STATUS OF THE SCREW-WORM (Cochliomyia hominivorax) IN THE SOUTHWEST

eriod May 9-15, 7 cases were reported in the Southwestern Eradication Area.
pan ear ec adercd in TEXAS: Jim Hogg, Dimmit, Presidio and Medina Counties opemcacks Le
Brooks County 2. NEW MEXICO: Grant County 1. In ARIZONA 12 cases meporced: Pima, Pinal,
Graham and Gila Counties one each; Santa Cruz and Greenlee Counties 2 each; Cochise
County 4. The Republic of Mexico reported 98 cases: Sonora 51, Nuevo Leon Li;
Chihuahua 26, Coahuila 2, Tamaulipas 2, Veracruz 7 and Durango 9, Sterile screw-worm
flies released: Texas 5,413,050, New Mexico 742,000, Arizona 3,768,000, and Mexico

83,426,400.
Ratio of Positive Cases
Positive Cases Negative Cases to 100 Cases Negative
Year Current Cumulative Current Cumulative Current Cumulative
Table 1. Comparison of specimens reported during corresponding weeks in 1963
and 1964 in Southwestern Eradication Area,
1963 132 889 317 2,757 41.64 32,24
1964 15 57 253 2,850 5.92 2.00
1965 7 42 248 1,957 2.82 2.14
Table 2, Comparison of specimens reported during corresponding weeks and in
a corresponding area in 1964 in the United States-Mexico Barrier Zone. *
1964 68 381 72 616 94.44 61.85
1965 98 1,136 60 742 163.33 153.09

Table 2A. Mexican portion of Barrier Zone only.

1964 63 346 34 165 185.29 209.69

1965 82 1,078 23 384 356.52 280.72

* Barrier Zone — Area in which screw-worm eradication operations are being carried
out in an effort to prevent establishment of self-sustaining screw-worm popula-

tion in the United States. (Anim, Dis. Erad. Div.).

Figures - Number of cases reported
in infested counties for

period May 9 - 15

O0nnuoonoD Linear drop along river
valleys

= 522 -

ADDITIONAL NOTES

MASSACHUSETTS - ALFALFA WEEVIL (Hypera postica) became much more abundant in
western area during past week. Damage noticeable in some fields; defoliation
occurring. Counts per 100 sweeps by county: Berkshire 12 adults and 11 larvae,
Hampden 22 adults and 73 larvae, Hampshire 4 adults and 277 larvae. CLOVER LEAF
WEEVIL (H. punctata) ranged 1-3 larvae and CLOVER ROOT CURCULIO (Sitona hispidula)
ranged 1-5 per 100 sweeps in western area; up to 12 adults per 100 sweeps of

S. hispidula recorded in some fields. TARNISHED PLANT BUG (Lygus lineolaris)
populations increased from 3 to 19 per 100 sweeps. PEA APHID (Acyrthosiphon
pisum) not abundant. CLOVER LEAFHOPPER (Aceratagallia sanguinolenta) most
abundant leafhopper species in fields; ranged 3-6 per 100 sweeps. SPITTLEBUGS
erratic in distribution in some fields; numerous in Hampden and Berkshire
Counties. (Shaw).

NEW YORK - Fields in Dutchess County showed ALFALFA WEEVIL (Hypera postica)
caused 20-100 percent damage to tips of knee-high alfalfa May 16. Crop severely
damaged in dry areas; over 100 larvae per sweep. Continued relatively slow
buildup in Ulster County; 1 or 2 fields show 50 percent tip damage. Many fields
appear to be outgrowing feeding rate; 18-20 inches of growth common in many
fields. Ranged less than one to about 10 per sweep in fields in Columbia County.
ALFALFA SNOUT BEETLE (Brachyrhinus ligustici) now active; greatest numbers found
in northern Jefferson County. PEA APHID (Acyrthosiphon pisum) scarce for time
of year; no large infestations in central or eastern areas. None collected in
yellow pan traps in sugar beet areas. SPITTLEBUGS continue moderate in alfalfa;
heavy in some birdsfoot trefoil fields. FRUIT-TREE LEAF ROLLER (Archips
argyrospilus) much lighter numbers in Ulster County than in previous years; no
RED-BANDED LEAF ROLLER (Argyrotaenia velutinana) eggs noted; heavy egg deposits
noted in Orleans County May 11. APHIDS started buildup on fruit trees in Dutchess
County. Adult PLUM CURCULIO (Conotrachelus nenuphar) jarred from peach tree in
Columbia County May 13. EUROPEAN RED MITE (Panonychus ulmi) nymphs numerous in
Clinton County on May 12, probably numerous earlier. Fair numbers of COLORADO
POTATO BEETLE (Leptinotarsa decemlineata) in some Suffolk County areas. FLEA
BEETLES active on radishes, beets and transplants in Niagara County; activity
began May 10 in Erie County; now heavy. SPRINGTAILS damaging plants under tents
in county. CABBAGE MAGGOT (Hylemya brassicae) eggs extremely heavy this year in
Erie County. EUROPEAN CHAFER (Amphimallon majalis) feeding on lawns in Oneida
County; GYPSY MOTH (Porthetria dispar) hatched May 11 in Oneida County. About
50 percent of egg masses hatched; sd; Survival rate appears high. FALL CANKERWORM
(Alsophila pometaria) emerged week of May 10-15 in Cattaraugus County. (N.Y.
Wkly. Rpt.).

INDIANA -— Adult CEREAL LEAF BEETLE (Oulema melanopa) movement heavy from wheat

to seedling oats in La Porte and St. Joseph Counties. (Wilson, Shade, Hintz).
ALFALFA WEEVIL late instars and pupae continue plentiful on alfalfa in southern
quarter of State. New adults appearing in Harrison County area. ALFALFA PLANT
BUG (Adelphocoris lineolatus) adults very numerous; averaged 10 per sweep in
alfalfa in Harrison County. MEADOW SPITTLEBUG (Philaenus spumarius) adults
emerging in southern quarter of State; nymphal population unusally heavy for

that area; averaged 1-2 per stem on alfalfa. (Wilson). Adult CODLING MOTH
(Carpocapsa pomonella) emergence approximately 70 percent complete in Vincennes
area, Knox County; 85 adults taken at 5 liquid bait traps on May 15. ORIENTAL
FRUIT MOTH (Grapholitha molesta) adult activity increasing; 252 adults taken in

5 traps May 10-14 in Same area. LESSER PEACH TREE BORER (Synanthedon pictipes)
adult emergence increasing in orchards in Vincennes area. (Cleveland). OYSTER-
SHELL SCALE (Lepidosaphes ulmi) hatching on silver maples at Lafayette, Tippecanoe
County, May 10; approximately 2 weeks earlier than usual. SPRUCE SPIDER MITE
(Oligonychus ununguis) unusually heavy in nurseries in Madison and Tippecanoe
Counties; few trees heavily webbed. MAPLE PETIOLE BORER (Caulocampus acericaulis)
infested several large sugar maples in Lafayette. (Schuder). MAY BEETLES
(Phyllophaga spp.) adults defoliating pin oaks in Marion and Tippecanoe

Counties. (Lehker, Schuder).

- 523 -

Cattle Lice Survey in North Carolina - 1965

Survey was conducted from the last week in January 1965 through the second week

of March to determine the species of lice present on cattle and their distribution
in the State. Collections were made from dairy and beef animals, depending upon
availability; most collections were made from cattle in pens or small lots near
barns. Examinations were limited generally to one or two animals at each farm,
each animal being examined about the head, dewlap, neck, shoulders, rump, tail

and twist. Four species known to occur in the United States were collected

in North Carolina during this survey. Collections were made in the mountain
counties (Alleghany, Ashe, Wilkes, Watauga, Mitchell, Madison, Haywood, Buncombe,
Transylvania, Henderson) , Piedmont counties (Catawba, Iredell, Davie, Davidson,
Mecklenburg, Union, Anson, Richmond, Wake) and Coastal Plain counties (Johnston,
Wayne, Sampson, Beaufort, Washington, Perquimans, Pasquotank, Camden, Hertford).
LONG-NOSED CATTLE LOUSE (Linognathus vituli) was present in 64.4 percent of
collections. CATTLE BITING LOUSE (Bovicola bovis) and Solenopotes capillatus

were each present in 43.3 percent of the collections. SHORT-NOSED CATTLE LOUSE
(Haematopinus eurysternus) was collected only one time outside the mountain
counties; this collection was in Wayne County and was a valid collection on a
native animal. All determinations were made by W. G. Bruce. Distribution of

the four species, by county, are Shown on the maps below. Figures indicate the
number of times each species was collected in the various counties. (D. A. Mount).

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- 524 -

HAWAIIAN INSECT NOTES

The following notes on Hawaii insect conditions were presented at the 712th
meeting of the Hawaiian Entomological Society held in April 1965.

A single specimen of a CLERID BEETLE (Tillus notatus Klug) was collected on an
orange tree at Kula, Maui, at approximately 3,500 feet elevation on February 19,
1965. This constitutes a new island record for this species which was first
found on Oahu by Amy Suehiro early in 1939. (F. Bianchi).

Several specimens of two HISTERID BEETLES (Hister nomas Erickson and Pachylister
caffer Erickson) were collected by N. Krauss, February 12, 1965, in cow dung on
Parker Ranch, Hawaii. These collections consitute new records for the island

of Hawaii as well as new State records for these species. Determined by

Dr. H. Wenzel, who noted that both species are of African origin. There is no
record of these beetles having been introduced into Hawaii. (M. Chong).

Two adults of a DUNG BEETLE (Onthophagus sagittarius (F.)) were collected during
August 1964 by Y. Nakagawa on Molokai, for a new island record. Several specimens
of this scarab were collected in light traps operated by the Hawaiian Sugar
Planters Association Experiment Station at Ewa and Kunia, Oahu, in November and
December 1964. This scarab was previously collected only in Manoa Valley, Oahu,
in July 1964. There is no record of its introduction into Hawaii. (M. Chong).

A SARCOPHAGID FLY (Sarcophagula occidua (F.)) appears to be well established on

the islands of Kauai, Maui, Molokai and Hawaii. A large number of specimens

was obtained in fly traps operated on the islands of Molokai on December 16,

Maui on December 18, and Kaui on December 20, 1963. During the period November 17-
20, 1964, the species was taken in fly traps operated at the ports of Hilo,

Kona and Kawaihae on the island of Hawaii. S. occidua, commonly found breeding

in dog excrement, was first taken on Oahu in September 1961. It has not been
recorded previously from the outer islands. (C. R. Joyce).

GRAY SUGARCANE MEALYBUG (Pseudococcus boninsis (Kuwana)) - An examination was

made of a heavy infestation of mealybugs on buffalo grass (Stenotephnum secundatum)
in a lawn of a home in the Waialae-Kahala area of Honolulu. The mealybugs were
determined as P. boninsis. This mealybug is rarely found on anything other than
sugarcane, and its presence on buffalo grass is therefore worthy of note.

P, boninsis has also been taken on native bunch grass (Enagrostis variabilis)

‘on Oahu. The material from buffalo grass was heavily parasitized by an encyrtid
wasp (Aphycus terryi Fullaway). (J. W. Beardsley).

Numerous VARIEGATED CUTWORM (Peridroma saucia (Hiibner)) larvae were noted in a
dead or moribund condition on March 5, 1965. These larvae were on foliage of
various weeds, particularly Amaranthus sp. and Malva parviflora, along the lower
Kula road at an elevation of approximately 2,000 feet on Maui. Specimens of
diseased larvae were collected and submitted to the Division of Invertebrate
Pathology, University of California, Berkeley. The disease organism was
subsequently diagnosed as a nuclear polyhedrosis virus. Apparently this is

the first record of a polyhedrosis disease of P. saucia in Hawaii. (J. W.
Beardsley), x

Several larvae of a NOCTUID MOTH (Anomis flava (F.)) have been collected on
leaves of ornamental hibiscus and Hau (Hibiscus tiliaceus) in the Honolulu area
during the past month. Determination was confirmed from adults reared from
these larvae, These are the first local host records for A. flava, a recently
introduced species. Elsewhere, this species is known to be a pest of cotton and
eggplant, as well as Hibiscus spp. (J. W. Beardsley).

A specimen of a PHORID FLY (Conicera hawaiiensis Colyer) was collected at
Honokane Nui Valley, Kohala Mountains, on July 13, 1964, in debris on the floor
of native forest by G. E. Haas. This is a new record for the island of Hawaii.
@AeER Hardy)

- 525 -

A live adult of a CERAMBYCID BEETLE (Phoracantha semipunctata (F.)) was
intercepted with various cut flowers in mail from Kailua, Oahu, and destined for
the mainland, on November 4, 1964, by R. Bergman. This is the second collection
of this species in the pier 36 area of Honolulu. This beetle may be established
on Oahu, judging from the two widely separated areas of the findings. Determina-—
tion was made by G. B. Vogt. A specimen was also collected in Wahiawa in
November 1964. (EE. S. Shiroma).

An adult of a DERMESTID BEETLE (Dermestes carnivorus F.) was collected by

G. Sadoyama on the floor of the Customs Inspection area at the Honolulu Inter-
national Airport on October 11, 1964. Determination was made by J. M. Kingsolver.
This beetle is indigenous to America and is known to occur in North and South
America, Europe and India. It has been found primarily with hides. (E.S. Shiroma).

MONARCH BUTTERFLY (Danaus plexippus (L.)) - Over 600 adults were collected, reared
and examined for a shipment to Minneapolis, Minnesota, on March 7, 1965. Three
albino adults, one male-and 2 females, were reared from larvae collected in the
field on Oahu. No albino specimens were observed in the field. Larvae of

monarch butterfly were heavily infested (89.2 percent) by a TACHINA FLY
(Achaetoneura archippivora (Wied.)). A single specimen of a CHALCID WASP (Brachy-
meria obscurata (Walker)) was reared from the larvae. (W. C. Mitchell).

MEADOW SPITTLEBUG (Philaenus spumarius (L.)) was collected from Klamath-weed
(Hypericum perforatum) at 7,200 feet on the slopes of Hualalai Volcano, North Kona,
Hawaii, by C. J. Davis and H. Yamayoshi. Nymphs and adults were observed in the
area. This spittlebug was first collected in the Volcano House area in January
1964 and has since spread over the island to Hualalai. (W. C. Mitchell).

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- 526 -

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- 527 -

ESTIMATED LOSSES AND PRODUCTION COSTS ATTRIBUTED TO INSECTS AND RELATED ARTHROPODS

ATTACKING Sugar beets IN Febraske purinc _2%*
(Commodity) (State or District) (Year)
A. Pest or pest complex: Webworms, leafhoppers, grasshoppers, wireworms, flea beetles, spider mites

Qo +H ww» Yo Aa wD

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tJ © tt) © bt & &

Submitted by Paul W. Bergman

Date

Number of acres

Average yield per

acre

Price» per unit ( ton )°&

Acres

Acres

4 treated

2 needing control

a

a produced (From CRS)

(From CRS)

(From CRS)

Reduction due to not treating where needed:

H.

J.

K.

Loss in yield, percent

Loss in yield, units per

Loss in yield, $ per

Loss in quality,

Yield loss for all

Control cost, $ per

Control cost for all

Yield loss for all

Quality loss for all

$ per
acres
acre
acres
acres

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acre

Combined control cost and losses,

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Comment :

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a

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No 86,100
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No 34,440

% 15.0
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$/ ----
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$/ 3.45

$ 118,818.00

$ 885 , 969.00

$ Peres

$ 1,004, 787.00

available from crop reporting service.

Acres,

Price per ton (D) value is based on an estimate and 1962 - 1963 prices.

The 1964 price was not

Season average price per unit as given by CRS (describe basis).

Bushels, boxes, tons or other marketing units used by CRS;

February 9, 1965

head of cattle or other producing units used by Crop Reporting Service.

show which in ( ).

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AGRICULTURAL RESEARCH SERVICE

PLANT PEST CONTROL DIVISION

SURVEY AND DETECTION OPERATIONS

The Cooperative Economic Insect Report is issued
weekly as a service to American Agriculture. Its contents
are compiled from information supplied by cooperating State,
Federal, and industrial entomologists and other agricultural
workers. In releasing this material the Division serves as
a clearing house and does noi assume responsibility for ac-
curacy of the material.

All correspondence pertaining to additions, dele-
tions and changes of addresses for the mailing
list for this report should be sent to:

Service Operations Division
Office of Plant and Operations
United States Department of Agriculture
Washington, D. C. 20250

Reports and inquiries pertaining to this release
should be mailed to:

Survey and Detection Operations
Plant Pest Control Division
Agricultural Research Service
United States Department of Agriculture
Federal Center Building
Hyattsville, Maryland 20781

Volume 15 May 28, 1965 Number 22
COOPERATIVE ECONOMIC INSECT REPORT

HIGHLIGHTS

ALFALFA WEEVIL infestations and damage increasing in several areas of the
Nation. (pp. 531, 546). ARMYWORM being reported from more areas with some
damage to grains occurring. (p. 535).

ALFALFA WEBWORM, ARMY CUTWORM and a FALSE CHINCH BUG (Nysius sp.) heavy in alfalfa
in areas of Oklahoma. (pp. 532, 533, 534). PEA APHID increasing on and/or
damaging alfalfa in Nevada, South Dakota, Minnesota, Wisconsin, Illinois, Missouri
and Oklahoma. (pp. 533-534). PLANT BUGS of concern on some legumes in midwestern
and southern States. MEADOW SPITTLEBUG eggs hatching in Vermont and nymphs and
adults of concern on legumes in Delaware, Ohio and Indiana. (p. 534). POTATO
LEAFHOPPER rather high on alfalfa in Illinois and becoming more noticeable in
Wisconsin. (p. 535). CLAY-BACKED CUTWORM present in outbreak numbers, damaging
corn following sod in central Maryland. BLACK CUTWORM caused moderate to severe
damage to corn in Missouri necessitating replanting of entire fields. High
potentials for infestations of EUROPEAN CORN BORER exist in northern Wisconsin.
SOD WEBWORMS (Crambus spp.) of concern in corn following sod in Ohio and Indiana.
(p. 536). CORN FLEA BEETLE of concern in Indiana, Ohio and Missouri. (p. 537).
SIX-SPOTTED LEAFHOPPER infesting small grain in Michigan, Minnesota and South
Dakota. (p. 538). GRASSHOPPERS appearing on rangeland and cropland in several
States; large numbers noted on pastures and cropland in Texas. (pp. 538-539).

CODLING MOTH adults reported from several States; heavy in traps in Placerville
area, California. APPLE APHID increasing in Connecticut, unusually heavy in all
sections of Missouri and moderate to heavy in Nebraska. EUROPEAN RED MITE con-
tinues to increase in Maryland. (pp. 540-542). First WESTERN GRAPE LEAF SKELE-
TONIZER larvae of season appearing in Maricopa County, Arizona. (p. 543).

First BOLL WEEVIL of season found on cotton in delta area of Mississippi. (p. 547).
Unspecified CUTWORMS destroyed much of 100-acre stand of cotton in Monroe County,
Alabama. LYGUS BUGS (Lygus spp.) increasing on cotton and TWO-SPOTTED SPIDER

MITE caused heavy damage to seedling cotton in Yuma and Maricopa Counties, Arizona,
THRIPS heavy and damaging some cotton in Alabama, Louisiana, Texas and Arizona,
(pp. 548-549).

Several CONIFER PESTS active and causing varying degrees of damage in several
States. (pp. 550-551). CANKERWORMS of concern in New Jersey, Rhode Island and
Pennsylvania. (p. 551). An OAK LEAF ROLLER (Croesia semipurpurana) likely to
repeat heavy defoliation of red oak stands attacked in 1964 in Pennsylvania. A
CUBAN MAY BEETLE (Phyllophaga bruneri) completely defoliated West Indies mahogany
in Miami, Florida; heavy damage appearing on royal poinciana. (p. 552).

DETECTION

CEREAL LEAF BEETLE (Oulema melanopa) reported for first time from Illinois;
collected near Beecher, Will County. (p. 537). A LEAF MINER FLY (Phytomyza
ranunculi flavoscutellata) from Modoc County, California is also new for the
State. (p. 554). New County records reported included ALFALFA WEEVIL (Hypera
postica) from Sutter County, California, as well as 8 new counties in Illinois

and Il new counties in Ohio, (p. 531); a WEEVIL (Tychius stephensi) from
Champaign County, Illinois, (p. 532); BEECH SCALE (Cryptococcus fagi) from Luzerne
County, Pennsylvania, (p. 552).

(Continued on page 530).

- 530 -

ADDITIONAL NOTES and CORRECTIONS
See pages 546 and 557 respectively.
SPECIAL REPORTS

Status of the Screw-worm in the Southwest. (p. 560).

Reports in this issue are for week ending May 21, unless otherwise indicated.

DK 2 6 2 6 2 2c fe 2 2c ke 2 2c 2 ke ke 2g kc 2g 2c 2 2 2c 2 2K 2 ic 2c 2k 2k ik

WEATHER OF THE WEEK ENDING MAY 24

HIGHLIGHTS: (1) Continued dry in Florida, Atlantic coastal areas. (2) More
heavy rains in Texas; locally heavy showers, Nebraska, Mississippi, etc. (3)
Numerous tornadoes in Midwest.

TEMPERATURE: Average temperatues were above normal from the central Rockies to
the Atlantic, below normal in the northern Rockies, but otherwise near normal.
Compared to the previous week, temperatures were warmer from Nevada and Wyoming
eastward to the Atlantic with a warming of 5° to 12° in a wide area from Nevada
to Missouri. Florida had several days in the 90's and the desert Southwest
reported 100° or higher but these are normal conditions for May. In the East,
this was the 3rdconsecutive week with slightly above normal temperatures, Freez-—
ing occurred in local spots in northern New England and from northern Montana to
Oregon and Nevada.

PRECIPITATION: In central Texas, heavy showers continued with 7 to 10 inches in
2 weeks in an area including San Antonio and Dallas. Showers of 4 to 8 inches
caused local flooding in southern Nebraska. Up to 3 or 4 inches fell in parts of
Kentucky and Tennessee and 7 inches at Biloxi, Mississippi. Good rains were
falling in the southern Rockies as the week ended. Most other areas had variable,
moderate rain amounts with two exceptions. In the Southwest, it was normally dry
but in Florida and Atlantic coastal areas the dryness was abnormal. A dry pocket
on the northern gulf coast received helpful rains but many areas from Florida to
New England report the 3rd consecutive dry week. From southern Georgia the dry
belt extends northeastward through the southeastern Carolinas, eastern Virginia,
eastern Maryland, Delaware and New Jersey, extreme eastern Pennsylvania and New
York and most of New England. In the New York metropolitan area, reservoirs
continue at dangerously low levels with water rationing or conservation a subject
of much discussion, Extreme water shortages appear likely unless summer rainfall
is substantially above normal. In Puerto Rico and the Virgin Islands this was
one of the rainiest weeks in recent records. Substantial to heavy rains have now
been reported for about the last 5 weeks leading to hopes that the year-long
drought in that area has ended.

TORNADOES: Numerous tornadoes occurred over the western and central Great Plains
with more than a dozen reported in Texas. Others occurred in Oklahoma, Kansas,
Nebraska, Iowa, and Wisconsin. Damages were apparently not heavy considering

the number of storms. (Summary supplied by U.S. Weather Bureau).

= Bye}Il
CEREAL AND FORAGE INSECTS

ALFALFA WEEVIL (Hypera postica) - CALIFORNIA - Medium locally on volunteer
alfalfa in Sacramento, Sacramento County, and light locally on Medicago hispida
in Yuba City, Sutter County. Sutter County is a new county record. (Cal. Coop.
Rpt.). NEVADA - Infestation and damage increasing in most alfalfa in Pershing
and southern Washoe Counties; larval counts up to 60 or more per sweep. Eggs,
all larval stages and adults present. Many fields need treating to prevent
serious damage. (Ferraro, Gardella). Larvae ranged 8-20 per sweep in Dixie
Valley, Churchill County; sampling conditions poor. (Bechtel, Martinelli).

IDAHO - Larvae severely damaged some alfalfa in Canyon County, May 14. Larvae
in various stages and adults ranged 1-2 per sweep in Scism-Dry Lake area with no
damage apparent on May 17. (Bechtolt). UTAH - Larvae up to half grown; common
but only occasionally numerous in fields examined in Millard and Tooele Counties.
Adults moderately numerous. Larvae ranged 1-12 per sweep in most fields.
(Knowlton). COLORADO - Larval populations low in Mesa County; high degree of
parasitism evident (40-60 percent), principally by Bathyplectes curculionis (an
ichneumon). (Bulla). Larvae reported for first time this season in Platteville,
Gilcrest and Greeley areas, Weld County; 40-180 per 100 sweeps. (Simpson).
ARKANSAS - Limited surveys in Washington County negative. (Ark. Ins. Sur.).
MISSOURI - Adults plentiful in Pemiscot County; larvae averaged 3 per 100 sweeps
in alfalfa. Damage insignificant. (Harrendorf, Jones, Keaster). ILLINOIS -
Found in 8 new counties making total of 16 counties infested in spring of 1965,
as follows: Champaign, Douglas, Edgar, Coles, Cumberland, Moultrie, Macon,
Shelby, Christian, Montgomery, Bond, Clinton, Madison, St. Clair, Monroe and
Randolph. Populations declining rapidly in southern area; alfalfa being cut for
hay. In one cut field, no larvae found and of 75 cocoons examined, 54 were empty,
16 contained dead larvae or pupae, 4 contained living pupae, one contained living
adult. Few adults noted on ground. In an uncut field, 9 larvae per sweep and
50 adults per 100 sweeps. Of 46 cocoons in this field, 9 empty, 3 contained
adults, 2 contained living larvae, 30 contained living pupae, 2 contained dead
pupa or larva. Occasional larvae or adults being found as far north as Urbana,
Champaign County. (111. Ins. Rpt.).

INDIANA - Adults ranged 2-15 and larvae 1-3 per 10 sweeps in alfalfa in south
central and southwest sections. Pupae ranged 7-15 per square foot of litter
sample collected from freshly cut field of alfalfa in Floyd County. Pupal
mortality 81 percent in field sampled. (Huber). OHIO - Initial survey this

year indicated 11 new counties infested, as follows: Darke, Miami, Clark, Preble,
Montgomery, Greene, Butler, Clinton, Warren, Hamilton and Clermont. Damage
insignificant in most fields checked in these counties. (Rose). Plant infesta-
tion of 100 percent reported in southern Pickaway County with somewhat lesser
infestation observed in Franklin County. (Angalet). Larvae ranged 1-3 per sweep
in 5 fields of alfalfa checked in Wayne County; two-thirds in second and third
stages, others in fourth stage. Feeding damage minor. (Niemezyk, Spadafora).
PENNSYLVANIA - Pupation underway in southern area; spring-laid eggs hatching.
Adults becoming fewer; mostly males. Spring-laid eggs not yet hatching in
northern area. (Udine). MARYLAND - Adults and larvae now damaging second-growth
alfalfa in Dorchester and Talbot Counties. (U. Md., Ent. Dept.). NEW JERSEY -
Larvae ranged 490-4,250 (average 1,780) and adults ranged 12-160 (average 77)

per 100 sweeps in Burlington and Warren Counties. Larvae ranged 400-9,000
(average 3,140) and adults ranged 0-35 (average 12) per 100 sweeps in Gloucester,
Salem and Cumberland Counties. Eggs continue to hatch in southern area. Larvae
destroying new growth as it appears after first cutting; 4-5 larvae feeding under
surface buds. (Ins.-Dis. Newsltr.). CONNECTICUT - Large numbers in most fields,
damage quite noticeable, May 19. Larvae ranged 8-10 per sweep at Storrs, May 26.
Less than 50 percent of growing tips damaged. (Savos). RHODE ISLAND - Damaged
alfalfa in Little Compton, Newport County. (Peabody). VERMONT - Young larvae
and few adults in field in Bennington County. Adults reported in Shoreham area,
Addison County. (MacCollom, May 17).

CLOVER LEAF WEEVIL (Hypera punctata) - NEVADA - Larvae averaged 1-2 per sweep in
many fields of alfalfa in southern Washoe County. (Gardella).

= 532 —- |

SWEETCLOVER WEEVIL (Sitona cylindricollis) - NORTH DAKOTA - Moderate foliar
feeding on red clover noted at Kindred, Cass County. Average 10 per 10 sweeps.
(Frye). MINNESOTA - Numerous feeding notches noted on roadside sweetclover.
(Minn. Ins. Rpt.). MICHIGAN - Sampling of 8 adults per 10 sweeps made in sweet-—
clover planting in Lenawee County May 18. (Dowdy).

CLOVER ROOT CURCULIO (Sitona hispidula) - IOWA - Adults ranged 2-5 per 10 sweeps |
in alfalfa in Franklin County field. (Iowa Ins. Inf., May 11). MISSOURI -
Adults ranged 10-20 per 100 sweeps in central and west central district alfalfa.
(Houser, Thomas, Peters).

WEEVILS — ILLINOIS - Tychius stephensi adults averaged 2 per 100 sweeps in
alfalfa in Champaign County. This is a new county record. Gil, Ins} sRpt pr
NORTH DAKOTA - Sitona scissifrons averaged 1 per 10 sweeps on alfalfa in south=
east. (Frye). TEXAS - Heavy and widespread populations of unspecified species
feeding in heads of crimson clover in Cherokee, Houston, Anderson and Henderson
Counties. (Texas Coop. Rpt.).

BEAN LEAF BEETLE (Cerotoma trifurcata) - MISSOURI - Adults averaged 4-5 per linear
foot (ranged 3-8) in young (4 inch) soybeans in Linn County field. (Houser,
Thomas, Peters). INDIANA - Averaged 3 adults per 20 soybean plants in areas of
Dubois and Warrick Counties. (Huber).

CLOVER STEM BORER (Languria mozardi) - OHIO - Few adults collected in 50 sweeps
of alfalfa checked in Hamilton and Butler Counties. (Rose).

VETCH BRUCHID (Bruchus brachialis) - TEXAS - Populations light and widespread
on vetch in Kaufman County. (Turney).

WHITE-FRINGED BEETLES (Graphognathus spp.) -— ALABAMA -— Larvae destroying stand
of peanuts in 5-acre field in Babbie community, Covington County. (Stephenson,
Pike).

A BLISTER BEETLE (Pyrota terminata) - WYOMING - Spotty adult populations feeding
on vetch in Sheridan County area. (Fronk).

CORN EARWORM (Heliothis zea) - GEORGIA - Larvae light to moderate in whorls of
corn in southern part of State. (Johnson). ALABAMA - Large numbers of full-
grown larvae present on crimson clover and hairy vetch in fields and along high-
ways throughout State. Counts as high as 74 per 100 sweeps at Wiregrass Substation
in Henry County; 2 full-grown larvae per 3 sweeps collected on vetch in Dallas
County. Approximately 14 per 50 sweeps taken on crimson clover at Cullman
Substation, Apparently, earlier populations resulted in adult emergence as
considerable egg. laying now underway on corn, cotton and tomatoes throughout
central and southern areas of State. Rather heavy numbers of first and second-
stage larvae noted in large fields of corn in Henry County. (Canerday et al.).
TEXAS - Averaged one larva per sweep in fields of vetch in Kaufman County.
(Turney). MISSOURI - Few small, first-generation larvae collected in alfalfa in
west central and northwest districts. (Houser, Thomas, Peters). OHIO - First
adult of season taken in blacklight trap at Lebanon, Warren County, May 18. (Rose).

GREEN CLOVERWORM (Plathypena scabra) - MINNESOTA - Trace numbers found in alfalfa
in south central, southwest and central districts. (Minn. Ins. Rpt. yr

BEET ARMYWORM (Spodoptera exigua) - ARIZONA - Continued light to medium in
alfalfa in Yuma and Maricopa Counties. (Ariz. Coop. Sur.).

ALFALFA LOOPER (Autographa californica) - CALIFORNIA - Larvae heavy in alfalfa

in McFarland, Kern County. (Cal. Coop. Rpt.). UTAH - Adults numerous in Cache
Valley; 50 percent of moths in light trap at Logan on May 18 were this species.
(Davis, Knowlton).

=) 93 3)—

ARMY CUTWORM (Chorizagrotis auxiliaris) - OKLAHOMA - Damaging numbers present in
alfalfa in Caddo, McClain and Commanche Counties. Spraying underway. (Okla.
Coop. Sur.). WYOMING - Small numbers of adults noted in Torrington area of
Goshen County and in Laramie area of Albany County. (Robb, Fronk, Marks).

ALFALFA CATERPILLAR (Colias eurytheme) - IDAHO - Present in nondamaging numbers
on alfalfain Scism-Dry Lake area of Canyon County. (Bechtolt). WYOMING - Small
numbers of adults noted in alfalfa in Platte, Goshen and Laramie Counties. (Robb,
Marks).

ALFALFA WEBWORM (Loxostege commixtalis) - OKLAHOMA - Heavy in alfalfa checked in
Logan and Garvin Counties; averaged about one per plant in Pauls Valley area of
Garvin County. Spraying underway. Averaged 5 per 10 sweeps in Pawnee County.
(Okla. Coop. Sur.).

PEA APHID (Acyrthosiphon pisum) - WASHINGTON - All stages, including 10 percent
alates, on alfalfa. Counts per 100 sweeps averaged 16 in lower Yakima Valley,
225 near Walla Walla, Walla Walla County, 25 in upper Yakima Valley, and 24 in
Columbia Basin. (Halfhill, May 15). IDAHO - Counts per sweep in alfalfa ranged
5-10 in Scism-Dry Lake area and 80-120 in 10-acre field in Middleton, both in
Canyon County. (Bechtolt, Homan). NEVADA - Increasing on alfalfa in Lovelock,
Pershing County. Heavy infestation of 300-500 per sweep caused heavy damage to
approximately 120 acres south of Lovelock; controls required. Infestations in
other fields below economic levels due to parasities and predators. (Ferraro,
Lauderdale). Averaged 20 per sweep in Dixie Valley, Churchill County; sampling
conditions poor. (Bechtel, Martinelli). Variable, light to heavy in southern
Washoe County. (Gardella). UTAH - Light in most alfalfa examined in Millard

and Tooele Counties. (Knowlton). WYOMING - Adults and nymphs averaged 95 per
100 sweeps in alfalfa in Goshen County. (Robb, Marks). COLORADO - Ranged 30-50
per 100 sweeps on alfalfa in Huerfano County (Jenkins); remains low (50-100 per
100 sweeps) in all alfalfa checked in Mesa County (Bulla); buildup continued in
Fort Lupton area of Weld County, but not sufficient for control (Cox, Urano).

NEW MEXICO - Much lighter in alfalfa in Chaves and Eddy Counties than during

past 2 weeks. (Kloepfer). Generally light in most alfalfa in Dona Ana County.
None found in several fields checked. (Nielsen). OKLAHOMA - Moderate to heavy
in alfalfa in Lincoln, Kingfisher, Bryan, Choctaw, and local areas of Mayes
Counties. Generally light (12-100 per 10 sweeps) in northeast and north central
areas and in Muskogee, Cleveland and McCurtain Counties. Heavy in vetch in
Lincoln and Kingfisher Counties. (Okla. Coop. Sur.). SOUTH DAKOTA - Quite heavy
on alfalfa in some areas; severely injured several fields in Irene and Madison
areas. Early cutting recommended where hay crop about ready to be cut. Chemical
sprays should be considered on seeding fields and on older stands where stage of
growth does not permit cutting. (Kantack). Very abundant in alfalfa in Yankton
and Lake Counties. (Jones). NORTH DAKOTA - Population increases observed in
southwest; averaged 10 per 10 sweeps on alfalfa and red clover. (Frye).

MINNESOTA - Averaged 478 per 100 sweeps in alfalfa in south central, southwest
and central districts. As many as 50 per sweep noted in an occasional field.
Winged forms appearing. Predators varied greatly among fields. Lady beetles
most important predators; ranged 0-60 per 100 sweeps. Lacewings and syrphid fly
larvae present, but in low numbers. Some aphid mummies due to parasitic flies
noted, but numbers low. (Minn. Ins. Rpt.). WISCONSIN - Unusually high populations
persist in scattered fields of alfalfa; several fields yellowing and some plants
killed. Little change in populations noted in western Dane, Sauk and Iowa Counties.
Parasitism low, although principal parasites recently emerged. Parasities
extremely numerous and outnumber aphids in many fields. Predators, namely lady
beetle larvae, lacewing adults, syrphid fly larvae and damsel bugs becoming more
common in alfalfa. Counts of A. pisum per 10 sweeps, by county, as follows:

Dane 80, Iowa 30, Grant 10, Crawford 15, Columbia 15 and Sauk 30. Populations
vary in alfalfa; populations of thousands per sweep in some fields. (Wis. Ins.
Sur.). MICHIGAN - Ranged 1-6 adults and nymphs per sweep in 8 fields of alfalfa
sampled May 18 in Monroe, Lenawee and Washtenaw Counties. (Dowdy). INDIANA -
Generally light to medium throughout southern two-thirds of State. Ranged 5-20
(averaged 10) per sweep. (Huber). J[LLINOIS - Remains very erratic throughout

- 534 -

State; varied 100-24,000 (average 3,000) per 100 sweeps. (111. Ins. Rpt.).

IOWA - Nymphs and adults 10 per 10 sweeps in alfalfa field in Franklin County.
(Iowa Ins. Inf., May 11). MISSOURI - Counts per 10 sweeps in alfalfa ranged 500-
3,000 in central and west central districts and 100-1,000 in northwest. Orius
insidiosus (a flower bug), Chrysopa oculata (golden-eye lacewing) and Hippodamia
convergens (convergent lady beetle) plentiful; controls not expected to be
necessary. (Houser, Thomas, Peters). ARKANSAS - Decreased to very low numbers
on alfalfa in northwest. (Ark. Ins. Sur.). NEW JERSEY - Ranged 56-320 (average
146) per 20 sweeps in Burlington and Warren Counties and ranged 80-380 (average
172) in Gloucester, Salem and Cumberland Counties. (Ins.-Dis. Newsltr.).

SPOTTED ALFALFA APHID (Therioaphis maculata) - OKLAHOMA - Light to moderate
(50-150 per 10 sweeps) in alfalfa checked in Choctaw and McCurtain Counties.
(Okla. Coop. Sur.). ARKANSAS - Limited surveys in Washington County negative.
(Ark. Ins. Sur.). ILLINOIS - Varied 0-10 per 100 sweeps in alfalfa in Champaign
County.) Gully sins Rpt).

TARNISHED PLANT BUG (Lygus lineolaris) - OKLAHOMA - Counts ranged 1-5 per 10
sweeps in alfalfa checked in Choctaw, McCurtain, Pawnee, Noble, Payne, Tulsa and
Mayes Counties. (Okla. Coop. Sur.). ARKANSAS - Numbers rather high in alfalfa
in various areas; ranged 100-150 per 100 sweeps. (Ark. Ins. Sur.). MISSOURI -
Adults averaged 100 and nymphs 20 per 100 sweeps in alfalfa in central and west
central districts. (Houser, Thomas, Peters). NORTH DAKOTA —- Adults averaged 2
per 10 sweeps in alfalfa in southeast. (Frye). ILLINOIS - Adults varied 10-70
and nymphs 0-700 per 100 sweeps in clover and alfalfa in southern half of State.
(I11. Ins. Rpt.). OHIO -— Nymphs and adults common in alfalfa in Clinton, Clark,
Hamilton and Montgomery Counties; most abundant near Clifton, Clark County,
where 8 adults per 5 sweeps and 20 nymphs per sweep collected. (Rose).

LYGUS BUGS (Lygus spp.) - WASHINGTON - Ranged 0-60 per 100 sweeps in forage
alfalfa in Brownstown area, Yakima County. (Halfhill, May 15). UTAH -
Becoming numerous in Lynndyl-Delta area of Millard County; 60 percent L. elisus
and 30 percent of L. hesperus. (Knowlton). NEW MEXICO - Becoming common in
alfalfa in Chaves County. (Kloepfer). Light in Dona Ana County alfalfa.
(Nielsen).

RAPID PLANT BUG (Adelophocoris rapidus) - ILLINOIS - Adults varied 0-30 and
nymphs 0-100 per 100 sweeps in clover and alfalfa in southern half of State.
(I11l. Ins. Rpt.). MISSOURI - Adults and nymphs ranged 100-150 per 100 sweeps in
alfalfa in central and west central districts. (Houser, Thomas, Peters).
ARKANSAS - Moderate, 20-30 per 100 sweeps in alfalfa checked in several areas.
Numbers higher than during past few years. (Ark. Ins. Sur.).

ALFALFA PLANT BUG (Adelphocoris lineolatus) - ILLINOIS - Adults varied 0-20 and
nymphs 60-2,200 per 100 sweeps in alfalfa in southern half of State. Heaviest in
extreme southern section. (I11. Ins. Rpt.). INDIANA - Nymphs and adults unusually
abundant on alfalfa throughout southern half of State; ranged 5-18 per sweep.
(Huber).

A FALSE CHINCH BUG (Nysius sp.) - OKLAHOMA - Heavy in alfalfa in Comanche and
Jackson Counties. Controls initiated. (Okla. Coop. Sur.).

MEADOW SPITTLEBUG (Philaenus spumarius) - VERMONT - Hatch underway. (MacCollom,
May 17). DELAWARE - Nymphs very numerous on some alfalfa in New Castle County.
(Burbutis). OHIO -— One of most common pests of alfalfa in southwest and west
central area; 41 nymphs taken in one net sweep in field near Maud, Butler County.
Approximately 15 nymphs per sweep taken in fields in Montgomery and Warren
Counties and approximately 10 per sweep in Preble and Clermont Counties. Figures
represent individual fields and do not necessarily hold true for all fields in
counties mentioned. In more heavily infested areas, nymphs present on up to
approximately 70 percent of plants with as many as 3 spittle masses per plant.
Few adults noted. (Rose). INDIANA - Late-stage nymphs and adults present in
southern half of State. Nymphs averaged 4 per 50 stems and adults ranged 2-8
per 10 sweeps. (Huber).

= 535 =

POTATO LEAFHOPPER (Empoasca fabae) - WISCONSIN - Becoming more noticeable in
alfalfa in many fields in southern area. Counts ranged 1-2 per sweep along
margins. (Wis. Ins. Sur.). ILLINOIS - Adults per 100 sweeps varied 0-70 in
northwest, 50-120 in east, 50-850 in west-southwest and 300-750 in east-southeast
districts. (Ill. Ins. Rpt.). INDIANA - Adults ranged 1-5 per 50 sweeps in south
central and southwest sections. (Huber). MICHIGAN - Averaged one adult per 5
sweeps in 6 fields of alfalfa in Monroe, Lenawee and Washtenaw Counties, May 18.
(Dowdy) .

THREE-CORNERED ALFALFA HOPPER (Spissistilus festinus) - ARIZONA - Increasing in
second-cutting alfalfa in Yuma and Maricopa Counties. Averaged 40 per 100 sweeps.
(Ariz. Coop. Sur.).

THRIPS - GEORGIA - Light to heavy on peanuts in southern area; most infestations
light to moderate. (Johnson). NEW MEXICO - Light to moderate in alfalfa checked
in Dona Ana County. (Nielsen).

A SAWFLY - OHIO - Larvae of undetermined species collected in alfalfa in Clinton,
Warren, Hamilton and Montgomery Counties; averaged 6 per 50 sweeps in Clinton
County with lesser numbers in other counties. (Rose).

A SPIDER MITE (Petrobia apicalis) - ALABAMA - Has severely damaged Caley peas in
several areas. Det. by E. W. Baker. (See CEIR 15(20):475). (Ledbetter).

ARMYWORM (Pseudaletia unipuncta) - SOUTH DAKOTA - Caused some damage to wheat in
Beadle County. Jones). MICHIGAN - Heavy adult flight occurred May 8-9 in
Jackson County as indicated by blacklight collection of 156 moths; half were
egg-laden females. First-stage larvae taken at rate of one per 2 sweeps in field
of small grain near Galien, Berrien County, May 19. This indicates P. unipuncta
could be a problem in State again this year if weather conditions favorable for
larvae occur and moth numbers continue high. Moth numbers reduced this period;
28 taken May 15-16 in Jackson County. Species will be watched during next 2 weeks
to ascertain potential field problems. (Newman, Stanley, Ruppel). MISSOURI -
Leaf feeding continued in small grains in southeast, but heads not being clipped.
Larvae range up to 15 per square foot; parasitism heavy. (Keaster, Harrendorf,
Jones). ILLINOIS - Larval counts per linear foot of wheat varied 0-12 (average
1.1) in east-southeast, 0-14 (average 3) in southwest, 0-0.5 (average 0.2) in
southeast districts. (Ill. Ins. Rpt.). INDIANA — Larvae caused considerable
damage to wheat and barley in Washington, Dubois, Gibson and Knox Counties;
averaged 2 per square foot in Washington County. (Matthew, Sanders). OHIO - Two
adults taken in light trap in Columbus, Franklin County, May 17 and 2 taken in
light trap in Lebanon, Warren County, May 18. (Rose). DELAWARE - Larvae numerous
on corn and some small grains in numerous areas in western Kent County.
(MacCreary). NORTH CAROLINA - Larvae averaged 12 per square foot in field of
wheat in Camden County; all small grain in southern portion of county infested
but not as heavily as above field. Several fields of small grain examined in
northern part of county also infested. Infestations in Pasquotank County ranged
0-4 larvae per square foot in 5 fields of wheat checked. Larvae in Camden

County on May 14 ranged from very small to approximately half grown. Field of
barley in Halifax County treated and field of small grain in Hyde County infested.
Infestations in Halifax and Hyde Counties, and infestation in Currituck County
(reported in CEIR 15(21):504) assumed to be this species. (Tuten, Schwartz,
O'Neal, Mount). ALABAMA — New generation of larvae present in wheat in Mobile
County and in isolated corn in Henry County. Larvae ranged 8-12 per pitfall in
45 pitfalls in one 40-acre field in Mobile County; maximum was 50 in one pitfall.
(Dillier, Seibels, Sconyers).

WHEAT HEAD ARMYWORM (Faronta diffusa) - OKLAHOMA - Light numbers (1-5 per 10
sweeps) noted in most wheat checked in northeast section. Moderate in Cotton
County. Little or no damage expected this late in season. (Okla. Coop. Sur.).

= 936) —

CUTWORMS - MARYLAND - Outbreak numbers of several species, especially Agrotis
gladiaria (clay-backed cutworm) continued to damage corn following sod in central
sections. (U. Md., Ent. Dept.). OHIO - Numerous infestations in field corn

and other crops reported from Putnam, Pickaway, Wyandot, Licking, Ashland and
Gallia Counties. (Scheetz, Frey, Davidson, Hamrick, Smith, Knight). Crymodes
devastator (glassy cutworm) heavily damaged field corn at Oroville; replanting
necessary. (Rings). Agrotis ipsilon (black cutworm) adult collected May 18 in
light trap at Lebanon, Warren County. (Rose). Unspecified species especially
plentiful in corn that followed bluegrass pasture. (Polivka). ILLINOIS -
Peridroma saucia (variegated cutworm) larvae varied 0-20 per 100 sweeps in clover
and alfalfa in Southern half of State. (111. Ins. Rpt.). MISSOURI - All larval
stages of A. ipsilon caused moderate to severe damage to corn in Atchison County.
Replanting of entire fields necessary in some instances. Small P. saucia larvae
averaged less than one (range 0-2) per square foot in alfalfa in central, west
central and northwest areas; new alfalfa growth shows little sign of feeding.
(Houser, Thomas, Peters). OKLAHOMA - P. saucia moderate in alfalfa in Muskogee
County. (Okla. Coop. Sur.). KANSAS - A. ipSilon damaged seedling corn in Harvey
and Greenwood Counties. (Gates, Brooks, May 14). NEBRASKA - A. ipsilon heavy in
some fields of corn and sorghum in Saline and Otoe Counties; some replanting
necessary. (Rhine). COLORADO - Agrotis orthogonia (pale western cutworm) damaged
wheat in Black Hollow area, Weld County. Chemical controls applied. (Urano).
UTAH — Unspecified species damaged alfalfa in Sutherland and caused some damage
in South Delta tract, Millard County. (Knowlton). IDAHO - Unspecified species
present in high numbers in some alfalfa hay and seed fields in Parma area, Canyon
County. (Scott, Waters).

EUROPEAN CORN BORER (Ostrinia nubilalis) - NEW JERSEY - Total of 54 fields of corn
checked throughout State in fall of 1964 to determine number of overwintering
larvae. State average was 54 borers per 100 plants. . This compares with 79 in
IGS, WO an W962)) 258 “an 19615-and 7176) ine1960);) In April; 1965.5 stotalmofess
fields of corn inspected to determine overwintering mortality of borers.
Relatively moderate mortality of 63 percent detected in conjunction with low
numbers of borers per 100 plants in fall of 1964; first-generation populations
should be low in 1965. Weather conditions favorable to survival of new larvae
could produce quick buildup in numbers, however. (Ins.-Dis. Newsltr., May 14).
DELAWARE - Blacklight trap collections indicate considerable increase in adult
flights in Sussex County. (Burbutis). MARYLAND - First moths of season collected
May 19 in field of strawberries in Wicomico County. (U. Md., Ent. Dept.).
MICHIGAN - Of 10 specimens examined May 18 in Lenawee County, 3 had pupated and

7 were in fifth stage. (Dowdy). INDIANA - First adults of season present in

corn in Gibson County and noted resting on alfalfa in Posey and Vigo Counties.
(Huber). ILLINOIS - Egg laying underway in extreme southern section. Egg

masses varied 0-70 (average 30) per 100 plants on corn 18-26 inches extended

leaf height. (111. Ins. Rpt.). MISSOURI - Pupation appears complete in central
area but not yet complete in northern area. (Houser, Thomas, Peters). WISCONSIN-
High potential for infestation exists in northern areas. Dissections at Spring
Green May 18 revealed 36 percent pupation. Very high incidence of predation

by downy woodpecker noted at Spring Green. (Wis. Ins. Sur.). MINNESOTA - No
development of overwintering larvae observed. (Minn. Ins. Rpt.).

SOD WEBWORMS (Crambus spp.) - INDIANA - Up ‘to 30 percent of corn plants injured
in plantings following sod in Washington County. (Matthew). Caused 10-15 per-
cent loss of corn plants in some fields following sod in Clinton County; as much
as 50 percent loss of plants occurred in some areas of fields. (Gould). OHIO -
Infested field corn in Fairfield and Pickaway Counties. (Hamrick, Taylor).
Single adult collected in light trap at Reynoldsburg May 19; light trap at
Columbus yielded 4 adults May 17 and 8 adults taken May 18 at Lebanon, Warren
County. (Spilker, Rose). Infested corn that followed bluegrass sod in Wyandot
County. (Polivka).

YELLOW WOOLLYBEAR (Diacrisia virginica) - ALABAMA - Light and scattered larval
population feeding on wheat in Mobile County. (Dillier, Seibels).

= BE =

CORN FLEA BEETLE (Chaetocnema pulicaria) - MISSOURI - Damaged 10-80 percent of
plants in field in west central district. (Houser, Thomas, Peters). ILLINOIS -
Adults varied 60-340 (average 173) per 100 plants in southern area field corn.
(111. Ins. Rpt.). INDIANA - Required controls in areas of Wayne, Clay, Washington,
Johnson, Madison, Hamilton, Boone and Delaware Counties where populations ranged
2-11 per plant. (Matthew, Sanders). Ranged 2-5 per plant in areas of Dubois and
Gibson Counties. (Huber). OHIO - Infested field of young corn near Wooster,
Wayne County; corn 3-4 inches high. Peripheral area of about 20 yards or less
appeared most heavily attacked; 90-100 percent of plants in this area showed
damage. Up to 6 beetles observed feeding on single blade. Causing tips of corn
to yellow in Fairfield County; active on field corn in Darke County. (Taylor,
Kuester, Rings, Rose). MARYLAND - Light to moderate on young field corn in
Dorchester and Wicomico Counties. (U. Md., Ent. Dept.).

CEREAL LEAF BEETLE (Oulema melanopa) - ILLINOIS - Collected near Beecher, Will
County. This is a new State record. Det. by G. B. Vogt. (111. Ins. Rpt.).
INDIANA - Eggs hatching on oats in St. Joseph and La Porte Counties. (Wilson).
Adults per 100 sweeps averaged 3 on wheat and 1 on oats in Ligonier area, Noble
County. (Matthew). MICHIGAN - Overwintering adults dying naturally in increasing

numbers in southwest area research plots. Numbers decreasing in wheat as migra-
tion to oats continues. Adult populations nearing peak in oats. Relatively few
eggs present in wheat. First and second stage larvae most common stages on this

crop. Adults, eggs and first stage larvae abundant on oats. Egg predation by
Coleomegilla maculata (a lady beetle) evident in some Berrien County research
plots. Very slight egg predation by undetermined mite also observed. Final
sprays of 1965 suppression program applied May 14. Approximately 249,000 acres
sprayed in late April and early May in most heavily infested areas of Berrien,
Cass, St. Joseph, Van Buren and Allegan Counties; retreatment of 134,000 acres
made about 10 days after first spray in areas where late emerging beetles were
plentiful. Intensive field surveys underway in southwest near 1965 sprayed
acreage; surveys also underway in townships of counties bordering quarantined
area. (Ruppel, Turner).

SEED CORN BEETLE (Agonoderus lecontei) - SOUTH DAKOTA - Adults numerous in
Brookings County as indicated by evening flights. (Jones). MINNESOTA - High
numbers apparently emerged and attracted to lights in Renville County week of
May 10. (Minn. Ins. Rpt.). IOWA - Reported in Pocahontas, Hamilton and Hancock
Counties. (Iowa Ins. Inf., May 17).

BILLBUGS - GEORGIA - Sphenophorus callosus ranged light to heavy on corn in
southern area. (Johnson). SOUTH CAROLINA - Damage to corn by unspecified
species at lowest level of past 40 years. (Nettles, et al., May 18). NORTH
CAROLINA - Sphenophorus sp. of concern in some fields of corn in Pasquotank
County. (Falter, Lowrey). OHIO - Sphenophorus spp. damaged young corn plants
at Lancaster, Fairfield County. (Taylor, Blair). Active in Wyandot County;
10-15 percent of corn plants show damage. (Davidson).

CABBAGE SEEDPOD WEEVIL (Ceutorhynchus assimilis) - IDAHO - Averaged 10 per sweep
on flowering rape in Gifford, Nez Perce County. (Kambitsch).

ASIATIC GARDEN BEETLE (Maladera castanea) - MARYLAND - Larvae caused moderate
damage to young field corn near Delmar, Wicomico County. (U. Md., Ent. Dept.).

A WIREWORM - ALABAMA - Larvae of an unspecified species serious on young corn
in Macon County. (Ledbetter).

ENGLISH GRAIN APHID (Macrosiphum avenae) - MARYLAND - Natural control factors

caused drastic redution in numbers on wheat and barley on Eastern Shore. (U. Md.,
Ent. Dept.). MISSOURI - Noted in 30-70 percent of heads of wheat in central and
west central districts; ranged 1-30 (average 4) per head. (Houser, Thomas,

Peters). MINNESOTA - Ranged 0-20 per 100 sweeps in small grains in south central,
southwest and central districts; however, none present in most fields checked.
(Minn. Ins. Rpt.). CALIFORNIA - Medium on oat plantings in Chowchilla, Madera
Comiminy, CGAL, Comods aes) c

= Beaks) =

GREENBUG (Schizaphis graminum) - TEXAS - Mostly disappeared from small grains

in panhandle area. (Daniels). IOWA - In oats in Fremont, Mills, Story and
Hancock Counties. Increase likely. (Iowa Ins. Inf., May 17). MINNESOTA - Small
numbers found on roadside bluegrass in Carver and Jackson Counties; none found

on small grain. (Minn. Ins. Rpt.).

Aphids on Small Grains - MICHIGAN - Colonies of 3 unspecified species noted
recently on oats, wheat, barley and rye near Gallien, Berrien County. (Ruppel).
WISCONSIN - Populations of Macrosiphum avenae (English grain aphid) continued to
increase slowly in oats; counts as high as 30 per 50 sweeps noted in few fields

of grain just heading in Arena area. Schizaphis graminum (greenbug) remains low
in most fields checked. (Wis. Ins. Sur.). OKLAHOMA - Light numbers of Rhopalo-

siphum maidis (corn leaf aphid) noted in corn checked in Choctaw County. (Okla.
Coop. Sur.).

CHINCH BUG (Blissus leucopterus) - OKLAHOMA - Light numbers moved into corn
checked in Mayes County. Mating noted. (Okla. Coop. Sur.). ILLINOIS - Adults
varied 0.2-85 per linear foot in wheat in east and northeast districts. (Ill.
Ins. Rpt.). NEW JERSEY - Adults infested lawn in Morristown, Morris County.
(Ins.-Dis. Newsltr.).

GRASS BUGS - UTAH - Adults of one species and nymphs of another species common
and discoloring grain and planted grasses in west Kanosh, Meadow, Fillmore and
Delta areas of Millard County. (Knowlton).

SIX-SPOTTED LEAFHOPPER (Macrosteles fascifrons) - SOUTH DAKOTA - Adults averaged
25 per 200 sweeps on rye in southern Edmunds County. (Kieckhefer). MINNESOTA -
Averaged 169 per 100 sweeps of small grain in south central, southwest and central
districts; averaged 500 per 100 sweeps in some fields. Some movement to flax
noted in southwest district. Averaged 42 per 100 sweeps in alfalfa. (Minn. Ins.
Rpt.). MICHIGAN - Adults taken in small numbers from fields of grain in Monroe,
Lenawee, Washtenaw and Ingham Counties May 19. (Bath).

LEAFHOPPERS - UTAH - Dikraneura carneola numerous in field of wheat and on rye

9 miles west of Kanosh and at Flowell, Millard County. (Knowlton). FLORIDA -
In 50 sweeps of yellow lupine at Gainesville, Alachua County, following species
collected on May 21: Empoasca sp. and Macrosteles fascifrons (six-spotted leaf-
hopper) each averaged 1-2 per sweep; Agallia constricta and Aceratagallia
sanguinolenta (clover leafhopper) each estimated at less than one per sweep;
Cuerna costalis totaled 142 adults and 30 nymphs, which is approximately double
count per sweep of 10 days previously; lupine recently mowed, with only stubble,
bent-over plants and short plants remaining in field. (Mead).

A BLACK FLEAHOPPER (Spanogonicus albofasciatus) -—- ARIZONA - Medium infestations
appearing in sorghum in Yuma County. (Ariz. Coop. Sur.).

WHEAT STEM MAGGOT (Meromyza americana) - SOUTH DAKOTA - Adult counts per 200 sweeps
low on rye in Edmunds, Clark and Hand Counties and on winter wheat in Hyde County.
Predator counts also low, with no larval forms observed. (Jones).

WHEAT STEM SAWFLY (Cephus cinctus) - INDIANA - Adults abundant in some wheat in
St. Joseph and La Porte Counties. (Wilson).

BROWN WHEAT MITE (Petrobia latens) - WYOMING - Adults and nymphs ranged 10-20 per
linear foot in winter wheat strips in Platte, Goshen and Laramie Counties.
Approximately 80 percent of crops plowed under following extremely dry fall and
early spring in Goshen County area. (Robb, Marks).

GRASSHOPPERS - WASHINGTON - Nymphal survey in southern Benton and Klickitat
Counties during first 2 weeks of May revealed scattered emergence of Oedaleonotus
enigma and Melanoplus sp. on rangeland. Population ranged up to 3 per square
yard, mostly first and second instars. (Jackson, May 15). IDAHO - First-stage
nymphs noted in alfalfa in Arena Valley area, Canyon County. (Waters).

— Be) o

UTAH - Grasshoppers present at numerous locations in Kanosh-Lynndyl area of
Millard County and spotty in Tooele and Juab Counties; mostly second instars.
Recent cold weather retarded hatch. (Knowlton). COLORADO - Grasshoppers averaged
1-2 per 10 square yards in former "hot spot'' areas of Huerfano County. (Jenkins).
SOUTH DAKOTA - Light hatch underway in some areas; first observed May 12 in Hughes
and Sully Counties along weedy fence lines and roadsides and in rangeland in
northwest Haakon County. Hatch observed at later date on cropland in Hyde,
Buffalo, Brule, Lyman, Gregory, Tripp, Jones, Haakon and Pennington Counties and
on rangeland in Jackson and Pennington Counties. Cropland habitats included

soil bank and alfalfa fields and fence lines and roadsides. Cropland species;
Melanoplus bivittatus, M. sanguinipes (migratory grasshopper). Rangeland species
were M. confusus and Ageneotettix deorum, All hatch observed very light; none
noted in northern area. (Burge). Light hatch continued in north central and
northwestern portions of State, including Faulk, Edmunds, McPherson, Walworth,
Campbell, Corson and Perkins Counties. Hatch occurred mostly in bare areas.

Light hatch noted in Elk Mountain-Pilger Mountain area, Custer County; Spearfish,
Elkhorn Mountain, Lawrence County; Piedmont, Meade County; along White River
bottom near Belvidere, Jackson County. Averaged 1 per Square yard in fields and
in ditches south of Murso, Jones County. First-stage nymphs averaged 1 per square
yard in alfalfa and on soil bank land at Olsonville, Todd County; few second-stage
nymphs noted. Hatch light from Winner (Tripp County) to Gregory (Gregory County) ;
grasshoppers averaged 1 per square yard in soil bank and old alfalfa fields.
Numbers fewer north of Winner, with more present south to State line. (Zimmerman).
MINNESOTA - All eggs of Melanoplus femurrubrum (red-legged grasshopper) and

M. differentialis (differential grasshopper) in coagulated stage in south central,
‘Southwest and central districts. Eggs of M. bivittatus (two-striped grasshopper)
ranged coagulated to fully segmented. Egg development most advanced in Rock
County. Few first-stage M. bivittatus nymphs found on exposed roadside bank.

Most M. bivittatus eggs in Rock County in eye-spot stage. Egg predators extremely
low in all fields checked. (Minn. Ins. Rpt.). WISCONSIN - First-stage nymphs of
M. sanguinipes appeared in alfalfa in western Dane County May 18. (Wis. Ins. Sur.).
OKLAHOMA - First to third-stage nymphs ranged 2-10 per square yard in Harmon,
Jackson, Greer and Kiowa Counties. Species noted were Ageneotettix deorum,

M. bivittatus, Phlibostroma quadrimaculatum and Aulocara elliotti. Ranged 10-40
per square yard on 15,000 acres of rangeland south of Haleyville, Pittsburg
County; M. sanguinipes, Boopedon nubilum, Hesperotettix speciosus and Ageneotettix
deorum noted. Melanoplus spp. numerous in Cherokee and McClain Counties and
unspecified grasshoppers heavy in grass in Comanche County. @kla= ‘Coop. Sur.))-
TEXAS - Unspecified grasshoppers occurring in large numbers on pastures and crop-
lands in local areas of Burnet and Callahan Counties. (Texas Coop. Rpt., Newton).

A CRICKET (Apote notabilis) - WASHINGTON - Occasional third and fourth-instar
nymphs observed on rangeland in Benton and Klickitat Counties. (Jackson, May 15).

A KATYDID (Steiroxys sp.) - WASHINGTON - Occasional third and fourth-instar_
nymphs observed on rangeland in Benton and Klickitat Counties. (Jackson, May 15).

LAWN MOTHS - UTAH - Becoming numerous at Logan, Cache County, and at Salt Lake
City, Salt Lake County. (Knowlton).

A GRASS SAWFLY (Dolerus nitens) - PENNSYLVANIA - Undetermined black species
reported in CEIR 15(18):417 determined this species by D. R. Smith. (Udine).

FRUIT INSECTS

CODLING MOTH (Carpocapsa pomonella) - MARYLAND - Adults emerged May 17 from
overwintering cages at Hancock, Washington County. (U. Md., Ent. Dept.). OHIO -
First adults of season emerged at Wooster, Wayne County, May 12-14. (Cutright).
MISSOURI - Reported from orchard near Versailles, Osage County, and from south-
east section. (Wkly. Rpt. Fr. Grs.). COLORADO - First adults taken in bait
traps May 16 and ranged 15-20 per 5 traps May 17 in Mesa County. (Bulla).

UTAH - Adults attracted to lights at Logan, Cache County. (Davis). CALIFORNIA -
Adults heavy in traps in Placerville area, El Dorado County. (Cal. Coop. Rpt.).

- 540 -

FRUIT-TREE LEAF ROLLER (Archips argyrospilus) - CONNECTICUT - This and other
leaf roller moths extremely abundant on unsprayed trees. (Savos, May 19).
WISCONSIN - Larvae feeding on apple foliage in Door County. (Wis. Ins. Sur.).

RED-BANDED LEAFROLLER (Argyrotaenia velutinana) - MISSOURI - A few found in
orchard near Kansas City and troublesome in St. Joseph area, Buchanan County.
Wkby. Rpt. JEcs IGrse)).

LEAF ROLLER MOTHS - RHODE ISLAND —- Common on unsprayed apple in Kingston,
Washington County. (Mathewson). CONNECTICUT - More abundant than usual. Noted in
sprayed orchards. (Savos). NEW JERSEY - Easily found in most blueberry

plantings. (Ins.-Dis. Newsltr.).

ORIENTAL FRUIT MOTH (Grapholitha molesta) - MISSOURI - Adult reported May 19 near
Cape Girardeau. (Wkly. Rpt. Fr. Grs.).

EASTERN TENT CATERPILLAR (Malacosoma americanum) - VERMONT - Readily found on
unsprayed apple trees. (MacCollom, May 17).

UNSPOTTED TENTIFORM LEAF MINER (Callisto geminatella) - MISSOURI - Few noted in
orchard in northwest section. (Wkly. Rpt. Fr. Grs.).

BROAD-NECKED ROOT BORER (Prionus laticollis) - CONNECTICUT - Found on roots of
20-25 year old Wealthy apple trees that showed decline for past 3 years. (Savos,
May 19).

A FALSE POWDER-POST BEETLE (Melalgus confertus) - CALIFORNIA - Adults medium on
pear trees in San Juan Bautista, San Benito County. (Cal. Coop. Rpt.).

APPLE CURCULIO (Tachypterellus quadrigibbus) - CONNECTICUT - Noted on apples in
Storrs. (Savos).

A CURCULIO - MASSACHUSETTS - Major pest on apples, peaches and pears. Increase
expected with warm weather. (Crop Pest Cont. Mess.).

APPLE APHID (Aphis pomi) - CONNECTICUT - Colonies increasing. (Savos, May 19).
SOUTH CAROLINA - Spotted infestations noted in Oconee County. (Nettles et al.,
May 17). ALABAMA - Extreme infestations on young shoots of most apple trees
observed in Tallapoosa County and some isolated trees in Lee County. (Webb,
Thompson, Bagby, et al.). MISSOURI - Unusually heavy in all sections. (Wkly.
Rpt. Fr. Grs.). NEBRASKA - Moderate to heavy on apple trees in Lincoln,
Lancaster County. (LaBerge). UTAH - Moderate on apple foliage at Holden,
Millard County. (Knowlton).

APPLE GRAIN APHID (Rhopalosiphum fitchii) - MISSOURI - Unusually heavy in all

sections. (Wkly. Rpt. Fr. Grs.). WISCONSIN - Still persists on apple foliage in
Madison, Dane County. (Wis. Ins. Sur.).

ROSY APPLE APHID (Anuraphis rosea) - CONNECTICUT - Colonies increasing. (Savos,
May 19). MARYLAND - Stem mothers and young continued onunsprayed apple trees at
Hancock, Washington County. (U. Md., Ent. Dept.). MISSOURI - Few infestations
noted. (Wkly. Rpt. Fr. Grs.).

WOOLLY APPLE APHID (Eriosoma lanigerum) - ALABAMA - Both above and below ground
on most apple trees surveyed in several orchards in Tallapoosa County. Fairly
well contained above ground by adults and larvae of Coccinella novempunctata

(a lady beetle). (Webb, Thompson, et al.).

PLANT BUGS - MASSACHUSETTS - Very active and injuring fruits. (Crop Pest Cont.
Mess.). ;

A PERIODICAL CICADA (Magicicada sp.) - OHIO - Emergence begun in Gallia, Jackson,
Morgan, Hocking, Meigs, Vinton and Guernsey Counties. (Forsythe et al.).

= 941 -

WHITE APPLE LEAFHOPPER (Typhlocyba pomaria) - CONNECTICUT - Beginning to appear.
(Savos, May 19).

PEAR PSYLLA (Psylla pyricola) - WASHINGTON - First-generation adults appearing.
Moderate to heavy on pears in Chelan County. (Burts, May 15).

EUROPEAN RED MITE (Panonychus ulmi) - VERMONT - Hatching in Shoreham area,
Addison County. (MacCollom, May 12). RHODE ISLAND - Very heavy on apple in
Wakefield, Washington County. (Mathewson). CONNECTICUT - Laying eggs. (Savos).
MARYLAND - Continues to increase, causing bronzing in some orchards in Hancock
area, Washington County. (U. Md., Ent. Dept.). OHIO - First summer eggs on
apple leaves at Wooster, Wayne County. (Forsythe).

TWO-SPOTTED SPIDER MITE (Tetranychus telarius) - CONNECTICUT - In tops of trees
at New Haven and Woodstock. (Savos).

SPIDER MITES - MISSOURI - Increasing in Waverly and Lexington areas, Lafayette
County. (Wkly. Rpt. Fr. Grs.).

EUROPEAN APPLE SAWFLY (Hoplocampa testudinea) - MASSACHUSETTS - Larval injury
appearing on young apple fruit. (Crop Pest Cont. Mess.). CONNECTICUT - Eggs
hatched, tunnels found in young fruit. (Savos).

PLUM CURCULIO (Conotrachelus nenuphar) - CONNECTICUT - Feeding scars and egg

laying noted in Storrs and New Haven. (Savos). NEW JERSEY - Very active in féw
areas on early varieties of blueberries. (Ins.-Dis. Newsltr.). DELAWARE -

Newly hatched larvae in unsprayed Kent County peaches. (MacCreary). OHIO -
Egg-laying scars prevalent on plum and sour cherry fruit at Wooster, Wayne County.
(Forsythe). MISSOURI - Nearly grown larvae in plums in Boone County. Damaging
unsprayed apples in southeast section. (Wkly. Rpt. Fr. Grs.).

A WEEVIL (Peritelinus variegatus) - CALIFORNIA - Heavy on peach in Wheatland,

Yuba County. (Cal. Coop. Rpt.).

SHOT-HOLE BORER (Scolytus rugulosus) — MARYLAND - Adults in injured peach trees
in backyard planting in Washington County. (U. Md., Ent. Dept.).

LESSER APPLEWORM (Grapholitha prunivora) - IDAHO - Over 100 adults noted per tree
in prune orchard in Parma, Canyon County. (Homan).

EYE-SPOTTED BUD MOTH (Spilonota ocellana) - WISCONSIN - Larvae feeding on cherry
blossoms in Door County; moderately heavy in some orchards. (Wis. Ins. Sur.,
May 10).

A PHYCITID MOTH (Acrobasis tricolorella) - IDAHO - Probably this species ranged
150-200 per tree in prune orchard near Parma, Canyon County. (Scott).

GREEN PEACH APHID (Myzus persicae) - NEVADA - Heavy on peach, causing severe
curling of leaves in Reno-Sparks area, Washoe County. (Bechtel).

BLACK CHERRY APHID (Myzus cerasi) - OHIO - Heavier than usual on sweet cherry
in Wayne County. (Cutright).

PECAN NUT CASEBEARER (Acrobasis caryae) - OKLAHOMA - Eggs numerous on pecans in
McCurtain County; occasionally found in Pontotoc, Jefferson and Love Counties.
(Okla. Coop. Sur.).

A MAY BEETLE (Phyllophaga sp.) - GEORGIA - Heavy on pecan trees in Jasper County.
(Milner).

A WEEVIL (Compsus auricephalus) - TEXAS - Damaging pecan leaves locally in
Glasscock County. (Werst).

= 542 -

PECAN PHYLLOXERAS (Phylloxera spp.) -— TEXAS - Phylloxera sp. locally heavy on
pecans in Galveston County. (Hervey). OKLAHOMA - Galls of P. devastatrix

(pecan phylloxera) noted on one in 75 leaves on pecan trees in Caddo County.

Pest active but light in Payne County. (Okla. Coop. Sur.). ALABAMA - P. notabilis
(pecan leaf phylloxera) heavy on leaves of few trees in Macon and Lee Counties.
(Bagby et al.).

BLACK PECAN APHID (Melanocallis caryaefoliae) - GEORGIA - Increasing on pecans
throughout southern section. (Buttram).

PECAN SPITTLEBUG (Clastoptera achatina) - ALABAMA - Medium in 20-acre pecan
grove in Gantt area, Covington County. (Pike).

Citrus Insect Situation in Florida — Mid-May - CITRUS RUST MITE (Phyllocoptruta
Oleivora) infested 57 percent of groves (norm 54 percent); 30 percent economic
(orm 31 percent). Recent drop in population attributed to dry weather delaying
increase of mites on new leaves and fruit. Scattered infestations will build up
in May, becoming more general in June. Highest districts west and south. TEXAS
CITRUS MITE (Eutetranychus banksi) infested 60 percent of groves (norm 50 percent) ;
38 percent economic (norm 28 percent). Near record high for May; further increase
into high range expected before June. Highest districts central, north and south.
CITRUS RED MITE (Panonychus citri) infested 53 percent of groves (norm 65 percent) ;
26 percent economic (norm 42 percent). Population below normal but increasing
rapidly; heavy infestations expected in 10 percent of groves. Highest districts
north, west and central. GLOVER SCALE (Lepidosaphes gloverii) infested 92

percent of groves; 42 percent economic. Continues at record high level with
further increase expected. All 5 districts in high range. PURPLE SCALE (L.
beckii) infested 86 percent of groves; 13 percent economic. Little change
expected from current normal level. Few infestations heavy; highest districts
south and central. CHAFF SCALE (Parlatoria pergandii) infested 77 percent of
groves; 17 percent economic. Although increase expected from current above-
normal level, few infestations will be heavy. Highest districts south and east.
BLACK SCALE (Saissetia oleae) infested 32 percent of groves; 18 percent economic.
Population above average; will become much heavier in next month. Highest
districts east and south. YELLOW SCALE (Aonidiella citrina) infested 65 percent
of groves; 14 percent economic. Increase expected but only scattered groves

will have important infestations. Highest districts central and south. MEALYBUGS
infested 30 percent of groves; 4 percent economic. Rapid increase expected
through mid-June. Heavy infestations will occur in scattered groves. Most eggs
of WHITEFLIES hatched; 14 percent of groves have heavy to moderate infestations

of young larvae; increase expected. (W. A. Simanton (Citrus Expt. Sta., Lake
Alfred).

CORN EARWORM (Heliothis zea) - ARIZONA - Larvae damaging some citrus in Yuma
Valley, Yuma County. (Ariz. Coop. Sur.).

CITRICOLA SCALE (Coccus pseudomagnoliarum) - CALIFORNIA - Medium on citrus
nursery stock in Colusa, Colusa County. (Cal. Coop. Rpt.).

CITRUS FLAT MITE (Brevipalpus lewisi) - ARIZONA - Increasing on citrus in Yuma
County; may reach economic levels early. (Ariz. Coop. Sur.).

SPIDER MITES - TEXAS - Heavy, widespread on citrus leaves in Zavala County.
(Texas Coop. Rpt., Tapscott).

MEXICAN FRUIT FLY (Anastrepha ludens) - MEXICO - First sterile fly release of
season made in Tijuana, Baja California, April 29; total released: 31,878. One
marked male collected April 30 at Tijuana from 1,440 traps on 1,135 properties
inspected in Baja California and Sonora. Mortality rate 1.88 percent. No
native flies captured. First release at Ensenada made April 30; total sterile
males released: 31, 416; mortality rate 2.47 percent. Approximately 1,848
sterile flies placed in holding cage forobservation and mortality counts on
April 29 at 1:20 p.m. showed mortality of 2.66 percent; additional 1.22 percent

- 5343 -

died following morning. Mortality about normal when compared with shipments
of past release season. (PPC Mex. Reg., Apr. Rpt.).

MEDITERRANEAN FRUIT FLY (Ceratitis capitata) - MEXICO - Total of 6,192 trap
inspections of 3,147 traps in States of Baja California, Chiapas, Colima,
Campeche, Guerrero, Hidalgo, Jalisco, Mexico, Nuevo Leon, Oaxaca, Puebla, Sonora,
Sinaloa, Tabasco, Veracruz and Yucatan, the Federal District and Territory of
Quintana Roo negative. (PPC Mex. Reg., Apr. Rpt.).

CITRUS BLACKFLY (Aleurocanthus woglumi) - MEXICO - Chemical Control Zone -
Inspection of 65,641 citrus trees including 27,518 nursery trees on 1,539
properties in States of Nuevo Leon, Tamaulipas, Sonora and Baja California
negative. Biological Control Zone - Inspection of 30,427 citrus trees on 24
properties in Tamaulipas revealed 426 infested trees on 22 properties; no serious
buildup observed. Total of 40,700 Prospaltella opulenta (a eulophid) captured

in Municipio Guemez; 20,700 released in same municipio in groves with insufficient
parasities; 20,000 released in Municipio Padilla. (PPC Mex. Reg., Apr. Rpt.).

WESTERN GRAPE LEAF SKELETONIZER (Harrisina brillians) - ARIZONA - First larvae
of season appearing on grapes in Maricopa County. (Ariz. Coop. Sur.).

BLACK-HEADED FIREWORM (Rhopobota naevana) - NEW JERSEY - Found in some cranberry
bogs. (Ins.-Dis. Newsltr.

A SAWFLY - PENNSYLVANIA - Unspecified species cutting into buds and leaves of
wild lowbush blueberry on 1,000 commercial acres in Lackawanna County. Infesta-
tion approximately 10 percent. (Gesell).

TRUCK CROP INSECTS

COLORADO POTATO BEETLE (Leptinotarsa decemlineata) - MASSACHUSETTS - Appearing
from hibernation and feeding on newly emerged potatoes. (Crop Pest Cont. Mess.).
MARYLAND - Adults and eggs heavy on large planting of tomatoes near Mardela,
Wicomico County. (U. Md., Ent. Dept.). FLORIDA - Larvae light on eggplant at
Cork, Hillsborough County. (Custead). ALABAMA - Damaging tomatoes in truck-
growing areas of Jefferson County. (Griffin). OKLAHOMA - Moderate and damaging
potatoes and tomatoes in Tulsa County. Moderate on potatoes in Bryan County.
(Okla. Coop. Sur.). WASHINGTON - Extremely large numbers of winter adults and
first eggs appearing on 4-inch potato plants near Royal Camp, Grant County.
(Landis, May 15).

FLEA BEETLES - CONNECTICUT - Feeding on many vegetables. (Savos, May 19).
DELAWARE - Epitrix cucumeris (potato flea beetle) common to abundant on some
potatoes in areas of New Castle and Kent Counties. (Boys). MARYLAND - Epitrix
spp. light to heavy on potatoes and tomatoes checked in Dorchester and Wicomico
Counties. (U. Md., Ent. Dept.). GEORGIA - Systena elongata (elongate flea
beetle) damaging tomato plants in Spalding County. (Dupree). OKLAHOMA - Heavy
on eggplant in Tulsa County. (Okla. Coop. Sur.).

A SCARAB (Aphodius sp.) - CALIFORNIA - Larvae attacking young tomato plants in
Oroville, Butte County. (Cal. Coop. Rpt.).

TOMATO FRUITWORM (Heliothis zea) - ALABAMA - Widespread on tomatoes in western
section of Geneva County. Light in Henry County. (Reynolds et al.). GEORGIA -
Light on commercial tomatoes in Mitchell County. (Johnson).

STALK BORER (Papaipema nebris) - ALABAMA - Larvae heavy locally on 4-6 inch
bell pepper plants in Blount County. (McCall, et al.).

EUROPEAN CORN BORER (Ostrinia nubilalis) - NORTH CAROLINA - Egg masses hatching
on potatoes May 14 in Camden County. (Tuten).

- 544 -

POTATO TUBERWORM (Gnorimoschema operculellum) - CALIFORNIA - Adults and larvae
heavy in potato plants in Shafter, Kern County. (Cal. Coop. Rpt.).

BEET ARMYWORM (Spodoptera exigua) - CALIFORNIA - Causing medium leaf damage to
tomatoes in San Juan Bautista, San Benito County. (Cal. Coop. Rpt.).

POTATO LEAFHOPPER (Empoasca fabae) - MARYLAND - First adults of season on potatoes
at Cambridge, Dorchester County, May 19. (U. Md., Ent. Dept.).

GREEN PEACH APHID (Myzus persicae) - DELAWARE - Very common on young pepper plants
in field in eastern Sussex County and present in seed beds in one area of county.
(Burbutis).

POTATO APHID (Macrosiphum euphorbiae - MICHIGAN - Active on potatoes coming
out of storage in Allegan County. (Thompson).

POTATO PSYLLID (Paratrioza cockerelli) - WYOMING - Large numbers of eggs and
adults found on lycium and potato cull piles near Torrington, Goshen County.
Small numbers of eggs found on lycium at Pine Bluffs, Laramie County. (Robb,
Marks). COLORADO - None taken on lycium at Monte Vista, Alamosa, Estrella or
Sanford in the San Luis Valley. (Jenkins).

SPIDER MITES - OKLAHOMA - Damaging tomatoes in gardens in Cleveland County.
(Okla. Coop. Sur.).

CABBAGE LOOPER (Trichoplusia ni) - GEORGIA - Heavy on commercial cabbage in south-—-

ern section. Harvest nearly completed. (Johnson). NEW MEXICO - Treatment
required on commercial lettuce in Mesilla Valley. (Nielsen).

IMPORTED CABBAGEWORM (Pieris rapae) - MARYLAND - Larvae injuring young garden
cabbage at Cambridge, Dorchester County. (U. Md., Ent. Dept.). GEORGIA - Eggs
laid in great numbers on cabbage, some larvae noted. (Dupree).

MEXICAN BEAN BEETLE (Epilachna varivestis) - ALABAMA - Noted on beans and peas
in most areas; quite heavy in Geneva County. (Reynolds, et al.). GEORGIA -
Light to moderate on beans in southern section. (Johnson). NORTH CAROLINA -
Large numbers attacking garden beans in Columbus County. (Read).

PALE-STRIPED FLEA BEETLE (Systena blanda) - GEORGIA - Heavy damage to lima beans
noted in Spalding County. (Dupree).

PEA APHID (Acyrthosiphon pisum) - WISCONSIN - Populations in peas averaged 0-4
per 10 sweeps in Dare and Iowa Counties, 0-2 per 10 sweeps in Columbia County,
and 2-8 per 10 sweeps in Sauk County. (Wis. Ins. Sur.).

ASPARAGUS BEETLE (Crioceris asparagi) - MARYLAND - All stages heavy on garden
asparagus at locations in Dorchester and Wicomico Counties. (U. Md., Ent. Dept.).
PENNSYLVANIA — Adults active on asparagus in Centre County. (Udine).

SPOTTED ASPARAGUS BEETLE (Crioceris duodecimpunctata) - RHODE ISLAND - Observed
in planting in East Greenwich, Kent County. (Hannah). IOWA - Collected at
Ames, Story County. (Iowa Ins. Inf., May 17).

BLACK CUTWORM (Agrotis ipsilon) - CALIFORNIA - Larvae heavy in onions in Hollister,
San Benito County. (Cal. Coop. Rpt.).

THRIPS - NEW MEXICO - Abnormally high in untreated onion fields in southern Dona
Ana County, often averaging 20-60 per plant. (Nielsen). MARYLAND - Thrips tabaci
(onion thrips) building up on onions in gardens at locations in Dorchester and
Wicomico Counties. (U. Md., Ent. Dept.).

ONION MAGGOT (Hylemya antiqua) -— NEW JERSEY - Sticky board traps yielded 14
aduits on 4 boards at Great Meadows and 261 adults on 6 boards at Cedarville.
(Ins.-Dis. Newsltr.).

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BEET LEAFHOPPER (Circulifer tenellus) - COLORADO - Counts low, 0.1-0.2 per

square foot on sugar beets in 2-4 leaf stage in Delta County, and 0-0.1 per square
foot on 2-leaf stage sugar beets in Mesa County. (Bulla). CALIFORNIA - Approxi-
mately 24,500 acres of rangeland in western and southern San Joaquin Valley
treated this spring to reduce overwintering populations. Sugar beet plantings
show considerable growth and little curly top disease. Tomato plantings in area
expected to be relatively free from this disease. (Cal. Coop. Rpt.).

SUGAR-BEET ROOT MAGGOT (Tetanops myopaeformis) - COLORADO - Adults active, 14
caught in 2 traps in Larimer County. (Jenkins, Caskill). IDAHO - Heavy emer-
gence and mating in Burley-Rupert area. In traps and on beets. (Peay, May 12).

SPINACH LEAF MINER (Pegomya hyoscyami) - WASHINGTON - All stages on sugar beets;
most abundant over recorded 2 weeks after thinning, up to 75 eggs per leaf.
Light to moderate on 4,000 acres at Toppenish, Yakima County; 100 acres require
immediate treatment. (Landis, May 15).

POTATO FLEA BEETLE (Epitrix cucumeris) - ALABAMA - Heavy on recently transplanted
sweetpotato plants in Cullman County. (Canerday, Hollingsworth).

VARIEGATED CUTWORM (Peridroma saucia) - CALIFORNIA - Medium to heavy in strawberry
plantings in Arroyo Grande, San Luis Obispo County. (Cal. Coop.. Rpt.).

STRAWBERRY LEAF ROLLER (Ancylis comptana fragariae) - OHIO - Larvae destroying
strawberry leaves in Hillsboro, Highland County. (Jones, Holdsworth). NEW JERSEY -
Active, little egg laying observed. (Ins.-Dis. Newsltr.). INDIANA - Controls
required on strawberries near Corydon, Harrison County. (Schuder).

EASTERN RASPBERRY FRUITWORM (Byturus rubi) - RHODE ISLAND - Large numbers of
adults on raspberry in Kingston, Washington County. (Mathewson).

GYPSY MOTH (Porthetria dispar) - CONNECTICUT - Infesting strawberries and fruit
trees in Niantic area, New London County. (Savos, May 19).

A WEEVIL (Brachyrhinus cribricollis) - CALIFORNIA - Larvae medium, damaging roots
of strawberry plants in Lodi, San Joaquin County. (Cal. Coop. Rpt.).

GARDEN SPRINGTAIL (Bourletiella hortensis) - RHODE ISLAND - Tremendous numbers in
commercial strawberry planting in Foster, Providence County. Damage doubtful,
probably in mulch. (Mathewson).

CLAY-BACKED CUTWORM (Agrotis gladiaria) - PENNSYLVANIA - Attacked 75 percent of
asparagus on truck farm in Pike County. (Gesell). MARYLAND - This and possibly
other species heavy, injuring garden tomatoes and strawberries in Montgomery
County. (U. Md., Ent. Dept.).

CUTWORMS - CONNECTICUT - Active in many home gardens. (Savos, May 19).

WASHINGTON - Larvae damaging up to 20 percent of sugar beet stand at Toppenish,
Yakima County. (Landis, May 15). WISCONSIN - Prevalent in gardens in Waushara
County. (Wis. Ins. Sur.). MASSACHUSETTS - Very prevalent on strawberry plantings.
(Crop Pest Cont. Mess.). IDAHO - Completely destroying one garden, damaging
others in Parma area, Canyon County. (Scott, Waters).

STRIPED CUCUMBER BEETLE (Acalymma vittata) - MARYLAND - First adults of season on
young cucumber and squash in Wicomico County, May 19. (U. Md., Ent. Dept.).

RHUBARB CURCULIO (Lixus concavus) - WISCONSIN - Puncturing rhubarb in Dane County
and infesting plants in Sauk County. (Wis. Ins. Sur.).

SEED-CORN MAGGOT (Hylemya platura) - NEW JERSEY - Sticky board traps yielded
54 adults or 4 boards at Great Meadows and 259 on 6 boards at Cedarville. (Ins.-
Dis. Newsltr.).

- 546 -

SQUASH BUG (Anasa tristis) - OKLAHOMA - On squash in Tulsa County. (Okla. Coop.
Sur.).

HOP APHID (Phorodon humuli) - WASHINGTON - Alates migrating to hops from culti-
vated and ornamental plums at Yakima, Yakima County. (Landis, May 15).

A MINT APHID (Ovatus crataegarius) - WASHINGTON - Scarce on peppermint in garden
at College Place, Walla Walla County. (Landis, May 15).

LEAFHOPPERS - NEW MEXICO - Damaging cucumber, squash and bean foliage in gardens
in Las Cruces area, Dona Ana County. (Nielsen).

CABBAGE MAGGOT (Hylemya brassicae) - WASHINGTON - Damaging radishes in several
fields at Vancouver, Clark County. (Shanks, May 15). MICHIGAN - Adults active
and laying eggs in radish research plots in Ingham and Clinton Counties. (Wells).
NEW JERSEY - Sticky board traps yielded 9 adults on 4 boards at Great Meadows

and none on 2 boards at Cedarville. (Ins.-Dis. Newsltr.). CONNECTICUT - Adults,
egg laying and damage heavy in some areas, especially Bolton. (Savos).

ADDITIONAL NOTES

OKLAHOMA - BAGWORM (Thyridopteryx ephemeraeformis) larvae active on evergreens

in Payne, Tulsa and Pushmataha Counties. First activity of season. ELM LEAF
BEETLE (Galerucella xanthomelaena) heavy on elms in Comanche County, moderate in
Kingfisher and Cotton Counties; light in Tulsa and Pawnee Counties. Several
species of APHIDS moderate to heavy on elms and oaks in some areas but decreasing
over most of State. An unidentified WOOLLY APHID heavy and curling leaves of

ash in Noble County. SPIDER MITES (Tetranychus spp.) heavy on violets in Noble
County. Damaged several ornamental shrubs in Cleveland County. Larvae of a

FLEA BEETLE (Blepharida rhois) heavy on sumac in Creek County. A LEAF BEETLE
(Chrysomela interrupta) on willows in Payne and Cleveland Counties. An unidenti-
fied LEAF BEETLE heavy on black locust in Payne County. (Okla. Coop. Sur.).

MASSACHUSETTS - ALFALFA WEEVIL (Hypera postica) greatly increasing in Berkshire,
Hampden and Hampshire Counties; averaged 2-7 per sweep. Many fields show con-
siderable feeding damage. CLOVER LEAFHOPPER (Aceratagallia sanguinolenta) very
common. Counts of POTATO LEAFHOPPER (Empoasca fabae) 1-2 per 100 sweeps.
TARNISHED PLANT BUG (Lygus lineolaris) is most prevalent of plant bugs; ranged
1-38 per 100 sweeps. Nymphs of MEADOW PLANT BUG Leptopterna dolabratus) and a
PLANT BUG (Trigonotylus ruficornis) in alfalfa-grass mixtures in western area.
SPITTLEBUGS somewhat spotty in distribution; numerous in some fields of Berkshire
and Hampden Counties. (Shaw).

- 547 -

TOBACCO INSECTS

TOBACCO WIREWORM (Conoderus vespertinus) - NORTH CAROLINA - Caused replanting of
3 acres of tobacco in Beaufort County and in combination with C. lividus necessi-
tated replanting of 9 acres of tobacco near New Bern in Craven County. Infested
97-100 plants in latter field with 8 larvae collected; 4 were C. vespertinus and
4 C. lividus. C. vespertinus infested 71-75 plants in untreated plot in Jones
County and 5-acre field in county was 100 percent infested. (Robertson, Mount).

SOUTHERN POTATO WIREWORM (Conoderus falli) - NORTH CAROLINA - Caused replanting
of 3 acres of tobacco in field near Newport, Carteret County. What was probably
this species infested 68-74 plants in untreated check plot in Columbus County.
(Robertson, Mount).

WIREWORMS - SOUTH CAROLINA - Caused slightest damage to tobacco in several years.
(Nettles et al., May 18).

VEGETABLE WEEVIL (Listroderes costirostris obliquus) - NORTH CAROLINA - Adults
reported feeding on leaves of tobacco in one field in Bladen County. (Davis,
Mount) .

FLEA BEETLES - ALABAMA - Epitrix hirtipennis (tobacco flea beetle) medium in 8-
acre field of tobacco in Red Level area, Covington County. (Pike). GEORGIA -
E. hirtipennis light in few fields of tobacco in southern area. (Johnson).
SOUTH CAROLINA - Unspecified species light to medium on tobacco in all counties.
(Nettles et al., May 18).

BUDWORMS (Heliothis spp.) - GEORGIA - Ranged light to moderate on tobacco over
tobacco-growing area, (Johnson, Girardeau, Miles).

HORNWORMS (Protoparce spp.) - GEORGIA - Light on tobacco in Tift County.
(Girardeau)

COTTON INSECTS

BOLL WEEVIL (Anthonomus grandis) - TENNESSEE - No overwintering weevils found
during inspection of terminal buds in southern tier of counties. Rains hindered
survey in some “hot spot" areas. (Locke). ALABAMA - Few adults noted on 6-leaf
cotton in Dallas County. None noted on 4 farms in Henry County. (McQueen).
MISSISSIPPI - First weevil of season found on cotton in delta area May 18.
(Pfrimmer et al.). LOUISIANA - Most cotton too small for weevil counts in Madison
Parish. Only one weevil found in one of several fields examined; this equivalent
to 50 weevils per acre, (Cleveland et al.). TEXAS - Surviving percentages in
hibernation cages as of May 21 in McLennan and Falls Counties as follows: 1.7 in
2 cages containing 1,000 field collected weevils installed October 29, 1964; 14.7
in cage containing 136 weevils removed from ground trash and rehibernated

December 2, 1964; 19.7 in cage containing 152 weevils removed from ground trash
and rehibernated in March 1965. No weevils emerged from cages containing green
bolls collected in November 1964 nor from cages containing bollie cotton collected
from stalks in March. Six weevils collected on flight screens, (Cowan et al.).

DESERT CORN FLEA BEETLE (Chaetocnema ectypa) - ARIZONA - Abundant leaf damage
noted on cotton seedlings in north Gila Valley, Yuma County. Adults averaged 115
per 100 sweeps. (Ariz. Coop. Sur.).

BOLLWORMS (Heliothis spp. et al.) - ALABAMA - Eggs and small larvae noted in
isolated fields in Henry, Dallas, Tallapoosa and other central and southern
counties. Damaged buds and some live larvae noted as quite heavy ina Dallas
County field, although no larvae appeared to survive natural predators in this
presquare cotton. (Thompson et al.). ARKANSAS - First eggs of H. zea (bollworm)
of season previously reported found April 6 on crimson clover. Oviposition
continued for about one month with accumulated totals of up to 360,000 eggs per

- 548 -

acre of crimson clover in Bradley County, south central. First pupae found May 15
in this area. On this date, full-grown larvae, pupae and prepupae averaged 1.1

per square foot or nearly 48,000 per acre; 20 percent were pupae. (Ark. Ins. Sur.).
TEXAS - H. zea infestations generally light in cotton in lower Rio Grande Valley.
(Deer). In McLennan and Falls Counties, 2 H. zea eggs and 37 larvae found on

1,300 Indian paintbrush plants and 25 larvae found on 300 "Texas Star" plants;

5 larvae collected in 25 sweeps of bluebonnets. Five larvae collected from

Indian paintbrush and reared to fifth stage determined as H. virescens (tobacco
budworm). To May 21, total of 132 H. zea and 5 H. virescens determined. (Cowen

Gis El)

PINK BOLLWORM (Pectinophora gossypiella) - TEXAS - In McLennan and Falls Counties,
4 moths collected from 3 cages containing green bolls collected in November 1964
and placed on soil surface; 16 adults collected from cages containing green bolis
placed on screens 6 inches above soil surface in November. In 6 cages containing
100 pounds of bollie cotton collected in March 1965 from standing stalks, 13
moths emerged. (Cowan et al.).

BEET ARMYWORM (Spodoptera exigua) - ARIZONA - Light to medium on cotton in Yuma
County. Infestations appear to be heavier in north Gila Valley. Parasitism heavy
in Yuma Valley. (Ariz. Coop. Sur.). ALABAMA - Larvae ranged 1-2 per plant on
isolated spot in cotton field in Dallas County; cotton in 3 to 4-leaf stage.

Small number of larvae of Prodenia ornithogalli (yellow-striped armyworm) observed
in lower areas of nearby field of cotton. (McQueen) .

SALT-MARSH CATERPILLAR (Estigmene acrea) - TEXAS - Causing some damage to cotton
in local areas of Jim Wells County. (Deer). ARIZONA - Very small numbers of
larvae feeding on cotton leaves in Yuma Valley area, Yuma County. (Ariz. Coop.
Sur.).

CABBAGE LOOPER (Trichoplusia ni) - ARIZONA - Light to medium on cotton in Gila
Valley area of Yuma County. (Ariz. Coop. Sur.).

GARDEN WEBWORM (Loxostege similalis) - TEXAS - Infestations light on cotton in
Wharton and San Patricio Counties and moderate in Starr County. (Smith, Deer).

CUTWORMS - ALABAMA - Heavy population destroyed much of 100-acre stand of cotton
in Gosport community, Monroe County. Controls applied to remaining acreage.
Isolated infestation observed on cotton in Tallapoosa County about 15 days ago
where controls had been applied. (Culpepper, Thompson, Canerday).

PLANT BUGS - MISSISSIPPI - Appearing in some fields of older cotton in delta
counties. (Pfrimmer et al.). LOUISIANA - Lygus lineolaris (tarnished plant bug)
averaged 24 per 100 sweeps in weeds and pastureland in Madison Parish, with high
of 67 and a low of one being taken. (Cleveland et al.). ARIZONA - Increasing
populations of Lygus spp. (lygus bugs) apparent in cotton in Maricopa and Pinal
Counties, Very light numbers noted in Yuma County. (Ariz. Coop. Sur.).

APHIDS - TENNESSEE - Light on cotton in most fields in western part of State.
(Locke). GEORGIA - Light on cotton in southern area. (French). MISSISSIPPI -
Infestations decreased in delta counties. (Pfrimmer et al.). LOUISIANA - Aphis
gossypii (cotton aphid) light in some fields in Madison Parish. (Cleveland).
TEXAS - Some light A. gossypii infestations still occurring in Rio Grande Valley
and Victoria County areas (Deer); light to heavy in north central area. (Turney).

FLEAHOPPERS - MISSISSIPPI - Appearing in some fields of older cotton in delta
counties. (Pfrimmer et al.). LOUISIANA - High populations of Psallus seriatus
(cotton fleahopper) occurring in grasses and weeds surrounding fields of cotton

in Madison Parish. (Cleveland et al.). TEXAS - Scattered, heavy infestations

of P, seriatus reported in lower Rio Grande Valley; however, populations generally
light to moderate throughout lower Rio Grande Valley and coastal bend areas.
(Deer). ARIZONA - Small populations of Spanogonicus albofasciatus (a black flea-
hopper) noted on cotton in Yuma and Maricopa Counties, particularly where cotton
is near sorghums or alfalfa. (Ariz. Coop. Sur.).

- 549 -

_A SHIELD BUG (Corimelaena pulicaria) - ALABAMA - Recent inspection of 40-acre
field of seedling cotton in Marengo County, where land prepared late and with full
cover of native vegetation, showed serious damage and destruction of most of
cotton stand by extremely large numbers of grasshopper nymphs, thrips and what is
probably C. pulicaria. Five to 25 nymphs and adults of shield bugs present on
most every cotton plant and any other vegetation in this field. High shield bug
population apparently resulted from buildup on native plants prior to planting of
cotton; nymphs feeding on leaves, buds, plant shanks and root systems of all
plants in field. Several acres already destroyed by these 3 insects. Controls
being applied. (McQueen).

THRIPS - TENNESSEE - Some light damage noted over entire cotton-growing area in
western part of State. Populations may increase as vegetation around fields begins
to toughen. (Locke). GEORGIA - Light to moderate on cotton in southern and
central areas. (Johnson). Light to heavy on some cotton in southern area. (French).
Heavy on seedling cotton in Spalding County. (Beckham). ALABAMA - Heavy and causing
considerable damage to buds of cotton in isolated areas, especially in Jackson,
Shelby, Dallas, Cleburne, Covington, Tallapoosa, Coffee, Morgan, Tuscaloosa,

Elmore and Escambia Counties and in other areas. Frankliniella tritici (flower
thrips) and Thrips tabaci (onion thrips) dominant species. (Pike et al.).
MISSISSIPPI - Heavy in many fields of cotton in delta area as result of migration
from small grains, weeds and legumes. Control with systemics generally good.
Movement into fields in someinstances so heavy that injury resulted even where
systemics used. (Pfrimmer et al.). LOUISIANA - Continued a problem in some

fields in Madison County where treatments not applied on schedule. Of 16 fields
examined, thrips averaged 6 per plant, with high of 12 and low of one. (Cleveland
et al.). TEXAS - Continue most damaging insects in north central area, with heavy
infestations reported in Falls, Navarro, Delta and Hunt Counties. Light to heavy,
widespread numbers reported on cotton in trans-Pecos and coastal bend areas of
State. (Texas Coop. Rpt.). OKLAHOMA - Frankliniella spp. light in 3 to 6-inch
cotton checked in McCurtain County. (kia iCoopsusur®) . MISSOURI - Ranged O-15
per 20 cotton plants in southeast district. (Keaster, Harrendorf, Jones).

ARIZONA - Frankliniella occidentalis (western flower thrips) heavy in cotton in
many areas of Pinal and Maricopa Counties. Damage prevalent in fields where

cotton seed not treated. (Ariz. Coop. Sur.).

SPIDER MITES (Tetranychus spp.) - NORTH CAROLINA - Killed 15-20 feet of cotton in
outside row on farm in Halifax County. (Peedin). ARIZONA - T. telarius (two-
spotted spider mite) caused heavy damage to seedling cotton in scattered areas

of Yuma and Maricopa Counties. (CxiziCoopassurep

= 590) =
FOREST, ORNAMENTAL AND SHADE TREE INSECTS

SOUTHERN PINE BEETLE (Dendroctonus frontalis) - MARYLAND - Continued extensive
damage to loblolly pines in Somerset and Wicomico Counties. (U. Md., Ent. Dept.).
NORTH CAROLINA - Outlook remains serious for coming summer season. Davie, Iredell,
Yadkin, Forsyth, Beaufort and Gates Counties appear to be in most extreme danger.
Davidson, Rowan, Randolph, Guilford, Granville, Vance, Warren, Surry, Hertford,
Perquimans and Washington Counties have less serious infestations. (For. Pest
Newsltr.).

WHITE-PINE WEEVIL (Pissodes strobi) - WISCONSIN - Adults feeding on Scotch pine in
Langlade County May 10; first adults in Jackson County May 13 but evidence of
feeding indicates activity for week or more. (Wis. Ins. Sur.). MICHIGAN - Adults
active and mating in Otsego County since May 11. (Flink).

EUROPEAN PINE SAWFLY (Neodiprion sertifer) - PENNSYLVANIA - Expected to be abun-
dant, especially in Christmas tree plantings. (Pa. Forest Pest Rpt., May 10).
OHIO - Numerous calls indicate activity in Hamilton, Montgomery, Guernsey, Clark,
Fairfield and Greene Counties. Worst infestations on red and Scotch pines this
year than any other year within past 4 or 5 years. (Donley). Other infestations
reported from Franklin, Wayne and Pickaway Counties. (Galford et al.). INDIANA -
Heavy infestation in nursery planting of pine in Noblesville, Hamilton County.
(Schuder). MICHIGAN - Larvae caused considerable damage in Livingston and
Washtenaw Counties; larvae up to 1 inch long. Injury in Saginaw County since

May 11. (Newman, Flink, Erbe).

CONIFER SAWFLIES (Neodiprion spp.) - MARYLAND - Light to moderate on Virginia

pines in sections of Montgomery and Prince Georges Counties. (U. Md., Ent. Dept.).
WISCONSIN - Single colony of first instars of N. nanulus nanulus (red-pine sawfly)
on 3-acre area of red pine in Jackson County May 13; young larvae on red pine in
western Dane County May 18 and causing noticeable defoliation. (Wis. Ins. Sur.).

NANTUCKET PINE TIP MOTH (Rhyacionia frustrana) - ARKANSAS - Larvae becoming full
grown and pupae present in southwest during week ending May 15. Heavier than
normal in infested stands. (Ark. Ins. Sur.).

EUROPEAN PINE SHOOT MOTH (Rhyacionia bouliana) - WISCONSIN - Appears to be virtu-
ally eliminated in Manitowoc County stands examined in April; single currently
infested shoot found with dead larva. (Wis. Ins. Sur.).

PINE TUSSOCK MOTH (Dasychira plagiata) - WISCONSIN - Most larvae in Douglas County
in second instar, few in third on May 13; little evidence of feeding; jack pine
starting to candle. (Wis. Ins. Sur.).

JACK-PINE BUDWORM (Choristoneura pinus) - WISCONSIN - Single second instar observed
in several inspection stops in Polk County May 13. (Wis. Ins. Sur.).

SPRUCE NEEDLE MINER (Taniva albolineana) - OHIO - Thirty percent in pupal stage
in Coshocton County, May 13. (Walker).

PINE NEEDLE SCALE (Phenacaspis pinifoliae) - WISCONSIN - Crawlers noted on white
pine at Madison May 17; in Sauk County, crawlers settled on needles of Mugho pine
same date. Observations near Mazomanie May 18 indicate 90 percent not under
scales. Controls urged. (Wis. Ins. Sur.). MICHIGAN — Crawlers active in Ottawa
and Ingham Counties. (Wallner).

AN ARMORED SCALE (Aspidiotus californica) - CALIFORNIA - Medium on pines in Frazier
Park, Kern County. (Cal. Coop. Rpt.).

PINE SPITTLEBUG (Aphrophora parallela) - MARYLAND - Spittle masses conspicuous on
Virginia pines over wide areas of Montgomery and Prince Georges Counties. (U. Md.,
Ent. Dept.). ARKANSAS - Abnormally high in mid-May in Bradley and Calhoun
Counties; damage to some isolated trees. (Ark. Ins. Sur.).

= 551 =

CONIFER APHIDS - WASHINGTON - Probably Aphis abietina (spruce aphid) serious on
spruce in Vancouver, Clark County. (Shanks, May 15). WISCONSIN - Adults of
Pineus strobi (pine bark aphid) attacking slash and pulp logs with green cambium
in Jackson County, May 17. No attacks observed on standing, live trees. Mindarus
abietinus (balsam twig aphid) on balsam fir in Dane County, May 20. Needle dis-
tortion has begun. Damage may be as severe, if not worse, than in 1964, (Wis.
Ins. Sur.). ARKANSAS - Heavy numbers of Cinara sp. in southern area have been
mostly brought under control by lady beetles. (Ark. Ins. Sur.).

MITES - MICHIGAN - Adults of undetermined species of eriophyids in middle sheaths
of white and Scotch pines in Genesee and Ingham Counties caused terminal browning
and twisting of needles. (Wallner). OHIO - Oligonychus ununguis (spruce spider

mite) infested spruce in Portsmouth, Scioto County. (Wood, Holdsworth) .

BROWN-TAIL MOTH (Nygmia phaeorrhoea) - Infestation found in late April at Moulton-
boro Neck, Carroll County, NEW HAMPSHIRE; approximately 1,000-1,500 winter webs
observed on apple, cherry and pear trees, roses and other shrubs. Property

owner and many campers irritated by "brown-tail rash" for past two years; clipping
webs and treatment proposed in May. Other infested sites in New Hampshire
included: Loudon (2 old sites), Canterbury (new site) and Hooksett (old site) in
Merrimack County, South Weare and Francestown (old sites) in Hillsboro County.
Scouting completed in southern New England; no new infestations found. Old
infestations continue at 3 separate locations on Cape Cod, MASSACHUSETTS. Approxi-
mately 3 acres infested at Acton, MAINE, to be treated. (PPC East. Reg., Apr.
Rpt.).

EASTERN TENT CATERPILLAR (Malacosoma americanum) - RHODE ISLAND - Tents more
conspicuous statewide. (Mathewson). OHIO - Much wild cherry completely defoliated
in Morgan, Athens and Vinton Counties. Defoliation not as severe in Jackson and
Pike Counties. (Rexrode). Annoying to people in Chillicothe, Ross County.
(Muntzing, Holdsworth). Two live larvae collected in Hamilton County on May 11

had spun cocoons by May 16. (Rose).

FOREST TENT CATERPILLAR (Malacosoma disstria) - OHIO - Feeding on maple in Ross
County on May 14. Defoliation extremely light. (Rexrode). Larvae feeding on
oriental cherry at Dawes Arboretum, Licking County, May 11. (Rings). MINNESOTA -
Most larvae in second stage at International Falls. Cool weather slowed develop-
ment. Winter injury now showing on Pfitzer juniper, arborvitae and Norway pine.
This injury seen from Twin Cities northwest to Detroit Lakes and Alexandria area.
(Minn. Ins. Rpt.).

TENT CATERPILLARS - VERMONT - Abundant on wild cherry and flowering crab,
(MacCollom, May 8). COLORADO - Malacosoma fragile (Great Basin tent caterpillar)
appearing in considerable abundance on elms and shrubs in Fort Collins and neigh-
boring areas of Larimer County. (Mickle, Thatcher).

CANKERWORMS - RHODE ISLAND - Very small caterpillars, probably cankerworms,
appearing in great numbers on properties in Norwood and Apponaug sections of
Warwick, Kent County. (Mathewson). PENNSYLVANIA - Plans to treat 104,000 acres
for outbreak of Alsophila pometaria (fall cankerworm) in Potter and McKean Counties
underway; spraying delayed to May 10 due to late spring. No hatch expected before
May 10; laboratory rearings indicate approximately 95 percent hatch ratio.
Paleacrita vernata (spring cankerworm) eggs numerous in Meadville area, Crawford
County, where outbreaks evident in 1964. (Pa. Forest Pest Rpt., May 10). NEW
JERSEY - Populations of undetermined species high on oak, elm, maple, linden and
beech trees in central counties. (Ins.-Dis. Newsltr.). INDIANA - Larvae of

A. pometaria "spinning down" from silver maples in Lafayette area, Tippecanoe
County. (Chandler). WISCONSIN - Most larvae of P. vernata on elms near Mazomanie
May 18 about 1 inch long; few about one-quarter inch; feeding quite noticeable.
(Wis. Ins. Sur.).

LEAF ROLLERS - NEW JERSEY - Especially heavy on oak and maple. (Ins.-Dis.
Newsltr.).

= ey, =

AN OAK LEAF ROLLER (Croesia Semipurpurana) - PENNSYLVANIA - Likely to repeat heavy
defoliation of red oak stands attacked in 1964; most hardwood defoliators in
evidence in 1964 should be at least as bad in 1965; no unusual natural forces to
check buildup. (Pa. Forest Pest Rpt., May 10).

MOURNING-CLOAK BUTTERFLY (Nymphalis antiopa) - CALIFORNIA - Light to medium larval
populations on willows in San Luis Obispo, and medium on same host in Sacramento.
(CaIRMCoopayRpte)).

BAGWORM (Thyridopteryx ephemeraeformis) - TEXAS - Light, widespread populations
in north central area; hatching well underway. (Turney).

ELM LEAF BEETLE (Galerucella xanthomelaena) - IDAHO - Numerous eggs on elm leaves
at Parma; few larvae and little feeding injury. (Holman). Hatched by May 14;
feeding underway. (Scott). UTAH - Damage increased at St. George, Washington
County. (Knowlton). NEVADA - Adults active and feeding on elm foliage in Love-
lock, Pershing Countys and Reno-Sparks, Washoe County. Few eggs in latter area.
(Bechtel, Martinelli). ARKANSAS - About 50 percent of eggs hatched and small
larvae feeding on elm in northwest. (Ark. Ins. Sur.).

SMALLER EUROPEAN ELM BARK BEETLE (Scolytus multistriatus) - NEBRASKA - Emergence
in second week in Lincoln, Lancaster County. (Guinan).

MAY BEETLES (Phyllophaga spp.) - ARKANSAS - Feeding on oaks continued heavy;
practically up to 100 percent defoliation of some trees in southern area. Isolated
trees in pastures suffered heaviest. Feeding on trees becoming more noticeable

in northern area. (Ark. Ins. Sur.).

A CUBAN MAY BEETLE (Phyllophaga bruneri) - FLORIDA - Blacklight trap operated 2
nights during third week of May at Miami, Dade County, yielded approximately
10,000 adults. This is definite decrease from previous week; continues downward
trend from peak reached in first few days in May. In heavily infested area,

West Indies mahogany defoliated; Florida trema also heavily attacked in many areas
of Miami. Heavy damage beginning on royal poinciana; occasional specimens of
Sapodilla, Cecropia sp., apple, bauhinia and hibiscus partially defoliated. Some
feeding on leaves and flowers of Citrus spp., peaches and miscellaneous other
plants. (Habeck).

MAPLE PETIOLE BORER (Caulocampus acericaulis) - INDIANA - Statewide; populations
defoliating maples. (Schuder) .

BEECH SCALE (Cryptococcus fagi) - PENNSYLVANIA - In northern Luzerne County at
Moosic; this is a new county record, Probably also in Lackawanna County. (Pa.
Forest Pest Rpt., May 10).

BIRCH LEAF MINER (Fenusa pusilla) - VERMONT - Active, laying eggs on new leaves.
(MacCollom, May 17). CONNECTICUT - Active, making small mines in most areas,
(Savos). DELAWARE - Very young miners noticeable in most birches in New Castle
County. (Burbutis). OHIO - Larval activity commencing, May 12. Small mines
appearing in Coshocton County. (Ellis). MICHIGAN - Hatched; mines not over
three-eighthsinch in Ingham County. (Wallner).

ELM LEAF MINER (Fenusa ulmi) - WISCONSIN - Fairly heavy on newer elm leaves in
Milwaukee County. Wis. Ins. Sur.).

CECIDOMYIID MIDGES - MARYLAND - Cecidomyia sp. causing conspicuous ocelate galls
on silver maples locally in Montgomery County. (U. Md., Ent. Dept.). IDAHO -

Dasyneura gleditschiae light on pods of honeylocust in Caldwell; ready to pupate
May 12. (Bechtolt).

APHIDS - CALIFORNIA - Medium nymphal and adult populations of Prociphilus fraxini-
folii infesting Modesto ash in Jackson, Amador County. (Cal. Coop. Rpt.). IDAHO-
Anuraphis helichrysi severe on three trees in Caldwell. (Holman). KANSAS -

= 993 =

Undetermined species abundant on shade trees and ornamentals. (Gates, Brooks,

May 14). NEBRASKA - Undetermined species heavy on oak and elm trees in Lincoln,
Lancaster County. (Guinan, LaBerge, Rhine). Aphis viburnicola (snowball aphid)
distorting plants in Lincoln, Lancaster County. (Rhine). GEORGIA - Unspecified
species heavy on new growth of several ornamentals in Tift County. (French).
DELAWARE - Undetermined species rather common on some roses in areas of New Castle
County. (Burbutis).

COCCIDS - CALIFORNIA - Aspidiotus perniciosus (San Jose scale) heavy on Photinia
serrulata and rose nursery stock locally in Sacramento, Sacramento County.
Gossypuria spuria (European elm scale) and Lecanium sp. heavy on untreated elms
in Sacramento. Adults of L. pruinosum heavy on azalea locally in Sacramento.
(Cal. Coop. Rpt.). ARIZONA - Numerous small infestations of Icerya purchasi
(cottony-cushion scale) throughout Salt River Valley in Maricopa County on various
hosts. Rodolia cardinalis (vedalia) in all infestations. (Ariz.Coop.Sur.).NEVADA -
G. spuria heavy in Lovelock, Pershing County. (Bechtel, Martinelli). WYOMING -
Large infestations of Lepidosaphes ulmi (oystershell scale) noted on green ash,
willows, lilac, cotoneaster and cottonwood in Platte, Goshen and Laramie Counties;
in egg stage. (Robb, Marks). FLORIDA - Pseudococcus adonidum (long-tailed
mealybug) severely damaged queen sago (CycasS circinalis) in nursery at Oneco,

Manatee County. (Bickner). GEORGIA - I. purchasi heavy on shrubs in Lowndes
County. (French). MARYLAND - Chrysomphalus obscurus (obscure scale) heavy on pin
oak at Forest Heights, Prince Georges County; Pulvinaria sp. heavy on dogwood at
Annapolis, Anne Arundel County. (U. Md., Ent. Dept.). RHODE ISLAND - Probably

Lecanium corni (European fruit lecanium) , numerous on Buxus sempervirens in nursery
in Mooresfield, Washington County. Toumeyella liriodendri (tuliptree scale)
heavy on several trees on estate in West Greenwich, Kent County. (Mathewson).

MAPLE BLADDER-GALL MITE (Vasates quadripedes) - MARYLAND - Numerous reports on
silver maples in central section. (U. Md., Ent. Dept). MICHIGAN - Galls noted

in Ingham County. (Wallner). WISCONSIN - Galls appearing on maples, particularly
silver maple, in southern area; appearing as far north as Outagamie County. (Wis.
Ins. Sur.).

ERIOPHYID MITES - UTAH - Aceria neoessigi causing cottonwood catkin galls which
are very abundant on some poplars at Moab, Grand County. Det. by H. H. Keifer.
(Knowlton). RHODE ISLAND - Eriophyes padi becoming conspicuous on wild cherry

in Kingston area, Washington County. Immatures and eggs of Nalepella tsugifoliae
very numerous on nursery stock and adjoining ornamental hemlocks in Mooresfield,
Washington County. (Mathewson) .

JAPANESE BEETLE (Popillia japonica) - RHODE ISLAND - Single live adult collected
on Polygonum cuspidatum in Kingston, Washington County; probably associated with

buried steam lines on campus. (Mathewson) .

LEAF BEETLES - CALIFORNIA - Heavy adult and larval populations of Gastrophysa
caesia infesting curly dock plants in Clayton, Contra Costa County. Heavy adult
populations of Lema trilineata on Jimson weed in San Ardo, Monterey County. (Cal.
Coop. Rpt.).

A SCARAB (Hoplia oregona) - CALIFORNIA - Medium adult populations damaging rose
blossoms in Fresno, Fresno County, and in Sacramento, Sacramento County. Beetles
started earlier this season; quite disturbing to homeowners in outlying areas.
(Gal. (Coop. Rpt.)

A PHYLLOXERA (Phylloxera caryaecaulis) - OHIO - Reported from Lima, Allen County.
Specimens of galls up to 15 mm. on leaf petioles. (Wollerman) .

A FLATID PLANTHOPPER (Ormenaria rufifascia) - FLORIDA - Adults infested all of
5 inspected Pritchardia palms at Miami, Dade County. (Dowling, May 12).

A WHITEFLY - GEORGIA - Light to heavy on shrubs in Tift County. (French).

- 554 -

IRIS BORER (Macronoctua onusta) - PENNSYLVANIA - Heavy boring into plants and
feeding on flowers of iris in Franklin County. (Menusan).

A LEAF MINER FLY (Phytomyza ranunculi flavoscutellata) - CALIFORNIA - Specimens
from Knox Mountain area, 30 miles southwest of Alturas, Modoc County. Collected
by Dr. D. L. Dahlsten, June 28, 1964, and identified from drop cloth collections
by Dr. M. Wasbauer. No host given. This is a new State record. (Cal. Coop. Rpt.).

INSECTS AFFECTING MAN AND ANIMALS

MOSQUITOES - UTAH - Largely Aedes dorsalis annoying people in much of Deseret-—
Delta-Sutherland area of Millard County. (Knowlton). COLORADO - Adult Culex
tarsalis appearing in numbers in Larimer County. Very little breeding reported
to May 20. (Thatcher, Daniels). OKLAHOMA - Adults of Aedes spp. and Psorophora
spp. numerous and annoying people in Payne County. Unspecified species moderate
in Kingfisher County. Culex tarsalis adult taken in Stephens County. (Okla.
Coop. Sur.). NORTH DAKOTA - A. dorsalis averaged 1 bite per minute in eastern
area. (Noetzel). MINNESOTA - Following additional heavy rains during May 9-15,
a second large brood of A. vexans appeared. Adults of A. vexans and A. sticticus
present. Many fourth instars and pupae of first brood present. Larvae of Culex
spp. and Culiseta inornata found in increasing numbers. Extremely large numbers
of A. sticticus in northern Anoka and Isanti Counties according to observations
and biting counts. (Minn. Ins. Rpt.). WISCONSIN - Populations reported noticeably
on the increase particularly in areas near Wisconsin River. Considerable activity
and daytime biting in this area; the chief species was Aedes sticticus. Mosquito
larvae apparently numerous in many temporary pools in woods in Vilas County. A.
vexans appearing in Dane County. (Wis. Ins. Sur.). MICHIGAN - Large adult ip
populations of one or more Aedes sp., breeding in woodland ponds, have caused
major annoyance in many Lower Peninsula counties. (Ruppell et al.). VERMONT -
Undetermined species troublesome in some localities. (MacCollom, May 17).
CONNECTICUT - Undetermined species annoying homeowners in most areas. (Savos).
RHODE ISLAND - Aedes sp. breeding heavily in roadside water in Mooresfield, Wash-
ington County. Adults reported unusually heavy in Glocester, Providence

County. (Mathewson, King). TEXAS - Mosquitoes heavy in Brown County. (Galloway).

HORN FLY (Haematobia irritans) - VERMONT - Readily found on cattle in all areas.
(MacCollom, May 17). GEORGIA - Average per animal on May 10 was 110,and 128 on

May 17 on untreated herd in Spalding County. (Roberts). MISSOURI - Averaged 100-
200 per head over State. (Thomas). OKLAHOMA - Populations in Payne County averaged
per head: 1,000 on steers, 850 on cows, 2,500 on bulls. Heavy in Cotton County
and moderate in Cleveland County. (Okla. Coop. Sur.). NEBRASKA - Averaged 10

per head of cattle in areas of Saline County. (Rhine). SOUTH DAKOTA - On stock

in Lincoln County. Counts of 10-15 per side. Increasing in southern area. (Jones) .
NORTH DAKOTA - About 19 per head on black animals in southeast. (Noetzel).

TABANIDS - MISSOURI - Chrysops spp. adults in timbered areas in central district.
(Thomas). OKLAHOMA - Tabanus spp. moderate in numbers on cattle in Cotton County.
(Okla. Coop. Sur.).

BLACK FLIES - VERMONT - Severe in many areas. (MacCollom, May 17).

FACE FLY (Musca autumnalis) - NORTH DAKOTA - Appeared in southeast. No counts
obtained. (Noetzel). NEBRASKA - Averaged 40 per face of cattle in areas of
Saline County. (Rhine). MISSOURI - Counts of 0-7 per face in central and north
central districts. (Thomas). VERMONT - Readily found on cattle in all areas.
(MacCollom, May 17).

AMERICAN DOG TICK (Dermacentor variabilis) - MINNESOTA - Populations appear to be
very high and active. Barberry crews finding many more ticks than barberry bushes.
(Minn. Ins. Rpt.). MICHIGAN - Eleven specimens from six humans during May 14-17
near Crystal Fall, Iron County. (Kaven). OHIO - Plentiful in a bee yard in

Union County. Five or six removed from working man in yard. (Stewart). RHODE
ISLAND - Frequent complaints from homeowners over State. (Mathewson, King).

=| (990) =

TICKS - WISCONSIN - Undetermined species becoming active in northern counties.
Considerable numbers in several southern areas. (Wis. Ins. Sur.). OKLAHOMA -
Amblyomma americanum (lone star tick) heavy on cattle and people in Mayes County.

(Okla. Coop. Sur.).

MASKED HUNTER (Reduvius personatus) - IDAHO - Nymph found in Picabo home, Blaine
County. Several others seen in the area this spring, (Eaking, May 14).

HOUSEHOLD AND STRUCTURAL INSECTS

CARPENTER BEES (Xylocopa spp.) - INDIANA - Many reports of damage by X. virginica
to window sills, casings and roof overhangs in Tippecanoe County area. (Chandler) .
OHIO - Fresh holes in structural wood in Delaware County from Xylocopa spp.
Activity also in garage in Columbus, Franklin County. (Wollerman, Galford).
MARYLAND - X. virginica active in redwood and of concern to numerous homeowners
in suburban areas near Washington, D. C. (U. Md., Ent. Dept.).

OLD-HOUSE BORER (Hylotrupes bajulus) - GEORGIA - Moderate infestation in attic
of home in Laurens County. (J. D. Brown).

BLACK CARPET BEETLE (Attagenus piceus) - CONNECTICUT - Larvae and adults found

at South Willington, Tolland County, and New Britain and Bristol, Hartford County.
(Savos). MARYLAND - Adults in several homes in Prince Georges County. (U. Md.,
Ent. Dept.).

MARCH FLIES (Bibio spp.) - PENNSYLVANIA - Swarms in northeast; on some porches
dead were two inches deep. (Gesell). IDAHO - Adults still active in northern
area. (McPherson, Portman). CONNECTICUT - Swarming in eastern section. (Savos).

A BOXELDER BUG (Leptocoris rubrolineatus) - CALIFORNIA - Medium populations in
yards and entering houses in Hollister, San Benito County. (Cal. Coop. Rpt.).

SILVERFISH (Lepisma saccharina) - IDAHO - Home in Greenleaf heavily infested.
(Bechtolt, May 14).

COCKROACHES - MINNESOTA - Numerous calls on wood cockroaches in homes in suburban
areas, Apparently moved into homes in the fall. (Minn. Ins. Rpt.).

CLOVER MITE (Bryobia praetiosa) - CONNECTICUT - Still troublesome to many home-
owners. (Savos). MARYLAND - In home in Rockville, Montgomery County. (U. Md.,
Ent. Dept.). MINNESOTA - Some reports in homes. (Minn. Ins. Rpt.).

MILLIPEDS - GEORGIA - Numerous calls concerning these pests entering homes in
Atlanta area. (Ridley). Entering homes in Jasper County. (Milner).

TERMITES - CONNECTICUT - Undetermined species still swarming statewide. A drywood
termite damaged piece of furniture at North Haven, New Haven County. (Savos) .

WESTERN SUBTERRANEAN TERMITE (Reticulitermes hesperus) - NEVADA - Adults swarming
in southern Washoe County. (Bechtel, Lauderdale). Treatments for Reticulitermes
sp. on increase in Reno-Sparks, Washoe County and in Lake Tahoe area, Lauderdale,
Ting).

STORED-PRODUCT INSECTS

ANGOUMOIS GRAIN MOTH (Sitotroga cerealella) - SOUTH CAROLINA - Extremely numerous
in stored corn at Santee Wild Life Refuge. (Nettles et al., May 18).

MEALWORMS (Tenebrio spp.) - TEXAS - Heavy local infestations in stored cattle feed
in Lee County. (Spivey).

=) 06) =

BENEFICIAL INSECTS

CONVERGENT LADY BEETLE (Hippodamia convergens) - PENNSYLVANIA - This species and
Coleomegilla maculata fuscilabris very abundant in alfalfa fields in Fulton County.
(Udine). ARKANSAS - Continues to be the chief species. Numerous in most crops
(Ark. Ins. Sur.). MISSOURI - Adults and larvae averaged 100-300 per 100 sweeps

in alfalfa in central and west central districts and 50-100 per 100 sweeps in
northwest district. (Houser, Thomas, Peters). WASHINGTON - Adults averaged 4

per 100 sweeps on seed and forage alfalfa near Walla Walla, Walla Walla County.
(Halfhill, May 15).

LADY BEETLES - ALABAMA - Extremely heavy feeding by adults and larvae of Coccinella
novemnotata controlling above ground infestations of Eriosoma lanigerum (woolly
apple aphid) on apple trees in Tallapoosa County. (Webb et al.). ILLINOIS -
Adults of several species varied 2-500 and larvae 6-3,500 per 100 sweeps in

clover and alfalfa fields. (Ill. Ins. Rpt.). IOWA - One per 10 sweeps in alfalfa
field in Franklin County. (Iowa Ins. Inf., May 11). NEVADA - Lady beetle and
parasitic wasp populations medium to heavy in pea aphid-infested alfalfa fields

in Churchill, Pershing and southern Washoe Counties. (Coop. Rpt.).

A PUNCTUREVINE WEEVIL (Microlarinus lareynii) - CALIFORNIA - Light adult popula-
tions under boards in Orland, Glenn County. Weevils well established and now
occur length of State. (Cal. Coop. Rpt.).

APHID PREDATORS - WASHINGTON - Adults and nymphs of big-eyed bugs 6 per 100 sweeps
and syrphid flies,damsel bugs, lady beetles and green lacewings each 2 per 100
sweeps on alfalfa in Columbia Basin area. (Halfhill, May 15). IDAHO - Lady
beetles and lacewing fly populations about 1 per sweep in Scism—Dry Lake area,
Canyon County; alfalfa fields with 5-10 aphids per sweep. (Bechtolt). NEW
MEXICO - Lady beetles, damsel bugs, pirate bugs and syrphid fly larvae abundant

in alfalfa fields in Chaves and Eddy Counties. (Kloepfer). ARKANSAS - Geocoris
punctipes increasing very slowly and number is disappointing. (Ark. Ins. Sur.).

A FLOWER BUG (Orius insidiosus) - MISSOURI - Counts averaged 50-200 per 100 sweeps
in alfalfa in central and west central districts. (Houser, Thomas, Peters).
ARKANSAS - Numbers disappointing. (Ark. Ins. Sur.).

DAMSEL BUGS (Nabis spp.) - NORTH DAKOTA - Adults in alfalfa near Ellendale.
Populations averaged 2 per 10 sweeps. (Frye).

PARASITIC BRACONIDS - WASHINGTON - Averaged 6 per 100 sweeps on alfalfa in upper
Yakima Valley. Chiefly Praon pequodorum 5 per 100 sweeps in lower Yakima Valley
and 20 per 100 sweeps in Columbia Basin. Predominately Aphidius pulcher 3 per

100 sweeps in Walla Walla area, Walla Walla County. A. smithi found 10 miles

west of previous collection in Walla Walla area. (Halfhill, May 15). CALIFORNIA -
Lysiphlebus testaceipes adults heavy in barley plantings in Corcoran, Kings County.
L. testaceipes and L. knowltoni adults medium on citrus trees in Yuba City, Sutter

Counttyemg(Calle (\Coopm Rp tr

HONEY BEE (Apis mellifera) - RHODE ISLAND - First swarms of season reported from
Hope, Providence County, on May 12. Second is in Coventry, May 16. (Sorenson).
MINNESOTA - First apiary inspections show heavy winter losses. (Minn, Ins. Rpt.).

SYRPHID FLIES - MISSOURI - Larvae averaged 30-50 per sweep in alfalfa in central
and west central districts. Few found in northwest district. (Houser, Thomas,
Peters).

LACEWINGS (Chrysopa spp.) - INDIANA - Adults and larvae abundant in alfalfa over
southern half of State. Adults averaged 6 per sweep in one alfalfa field in Posey
County. (Huber). MISSOURI - Adults of C. oculata (golden-eye lacewing) numerous;
larvae 0-10 per 100 sweeps in alfalfa in central, west central and northwest
districts. (Houser, Thomas, Peters).

OOM

MISCELLANEOUS INSECTS

BLISTER BEETLES (Epicauta spp.) - ALABAMA - Extremely large numbers around lights
in Tallapoosa and Lee Counties. Thousands found around one large commercial light
in Lee County. (Henderson, Turner).

JUNE BEETLES - KANSAS - Adults abundant at lights. (Gates, Brooks, May 14).

TEXAS LEAF-CUTTING ANT (Atta texana) - TEXAS - Many swarms reported over a wide
portion of the central part of eastern half of State. (Texas Coop. Rpt.).

MITES - PENNSYLVANIA - Caloglyphus sp. and Parasitus sp. in earthworm beds on
earthworm farm in Berks County. Det. by Snetsinger. (Ravert).

CORRECTIONS
CEIR 15(7):94 - Cotton Insects: Line 13 should read "... an aggregate of over
1,000,000 acres will be sprayed for ..."

CEIR 15(8):116 - MIGRATORY GRASSHOPPER (Melanoplus sanguineus) should read
(Melanoplus Sanguinipes).

CEIR 15(19) :457 - LADY BEETLES - TEXAS - Unspecified species should read Hippodamia
convergens (convergent lady beetle).

CEIR 15(21) :502 - COTTON FLEAHOPPER (Psallus seriatus) should read A BLACK FLEA-
HOPPER (Spanogonicus albofasciatus) .

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H
=

other

mercury vapor;

MV =

incandescent;

blacklight; I

field corn;
potatoes;

cotton; FC =
pepper; pot. =
TC = truck crops (unspecified or mixed);

pepp.

= peanut;

pean.
soybean;

cole crops (crucifers); cott.

= lettuce;
soy.

(unspecified) ;

beet and/or sugar beet; cole
legumes (unspecified); lett.

solanaceous plants

= garden
leg.
tomato.

alfalfa; beet
small grains;
sol,

ton.

sweet corn;

alf. =
grain
Sc =

+*

= tobacco;

tob.

During the period May 16 - 22, a total of 8 cases was reported in the Southwest Eradica
tion Area. Cases reported in TEXAS: One case each in Dimmit, Maverick, Jim Hogg, Brooks

- 560 -

STATUS OF THE SCREW-WORM (Cochliomyia hominivorax) IN THE SOUTHWEST

Medina, Menard and Frio Counties; NEW MEXICO: Hidalgo County 1. In ARIZONA 5 cases
were reported: Cochise 2, Pima 2, Santa Cruz 1. The Republic of Mexico reported 191

cases:

1

o

screw-worm flies released:

Republic of Mexico 96,319,000,

Positive Cases Negative Cases to 100 Cases Negative
Year Current Cumulative Current Cumulative Current Cumulative
Table l. Comparison of specimens reported during corresponding weeks in 1963
and 1964 in Southwestern Eradication Area,
1963 127 1,016 268 3,025 47.38 33.58
1964 o 64 211 3,061 3.31 2.09
1965 8 50 i7/al 2,128 4.67 2.34
Table 2. Comparison of specimens reported during corresponding weeks and in a
corresponding area in 1964 in the United States-Mexico Barrier Zone. *
1964 39 420 54 670 72,22 62.68
1965 165 1,301 65 807 253.84 161.21

Ratio of Positive Cases

Table 2A, Mexican portion of Barrier Zone only.

1964 36 382 25 190 144.00 201.05
1965 156 1,234 43 427 362.79 288.99
* Barrier Zone - Area in which screw-worm eradication operations are being carried

out in an effort to prevent establishment of self-sustaining screw-worm popula-
tion in the United States. (Anim. Dis. Erad. Div.).

Figures - Number of cases reported
in infested counties for

period May 16 - 22

auutagonen, T.inear drop along river
valleys

|
i|
|

Sonora 116, Chihuahua 28, Nuevo Leon 2, Coahuila 7, Tamaulipas 3, San Luis Potosi
Puebla 1, Durango 23, Veracruz6, and Territory of Baja California Sur 4. Sterile
Texas 7,346,250, Arizona 9,678,000, New Mexico 840,000, the

=

ne

" PLANT. PEST CONTROL DIVISION
A NY yp
‘ Aeccrna.aeseane Sa VICE

i Oe

| ED STATE faGien OF pICULTORE

7

8

AGRICULTURAL RESEARCH SERVICE

PLANT PEST CONTROL DIVISION

SURVEY AND DETECTION OPERATIONS

The Cooperative Economic Insect Report is issued
weekly as a service to American Agriculture. Its contents
are compiled from information supplied by cooperating State,
Federal, and industrial entomologists and other agricultural
workers. In releasing this material the Division serves as
a clearing house and doesnot assume responsibility for ac-
curacy of the material.

All correspondence pertaining to additions, dele-
tions and changes of addresses for the mailing
list for this report should be sent to:

Service Operations Division
‘Office of Plant and Operations
United States Department of Agriculture
Washington, D. C. 20250

Reports and inquiries pertaining to this release
should be mailed to:

Survey and Detection Operations
Plant Pest Control Division
Agricultural Research Service
United States Department of Agriculture
Federal Center Building
Hyattsville, Maryland 20781

Volume 15 June 4, 1965 Number 23
COOPERATIVE ECONOMIC INSECT REPORT
HIGHLIGHTS

ALFALFA WEEVIL continues serious on alfalfa throughout ranges of infestation in
the East and the West. Increased activity reported in Colorado and Wyoming; newly
infested counties reported from Ohio, Indiana, Illinois and Nebraska. (p. 563).
WHITE-FRINGED BEETLES (Graphognathus spp.) destroyed 10-acre field of peanuts in
Alabama. (p. 564). PEA APHID heavy in alfalfa in Ohio and South Dakota, but
populations greatly reduced in Wisconsin and continue to decrease in Oklahoma.
(pp. 564-565). SPOTTED ALFALFA APHID generally heavy in Chaves County, New
Mexico; effective control not being obtained. TARNISHED PLANT BUG, LYGUS BUGS
(Lygus spp.) and other PLANT BUGS of concern in some areas. (pp. 565-566).

THRIPS a problem on peanuts in Georgia and Alabama, heavy on alfalfa in New
Mexico, and necessitated controls on Bermuda grass for seed in Arizona. (p. 566).
ALFALFA CATERPILLAR larvae increasing on alfalfa in Arizona. SPIDER MITES heavy
on alfalfa in New Mexico and clovers in Alabama. (G6 IB) 5

ARMYWORM damaging wheat in southern Illinois and localized, heavy populations
continued troublesome in southern Indiana. CUTWORMS damaging and of concern on
several crops in various States. (pp. 567-568). ARMY CUTWORM damaged several
hundred acres of fall and spring grains in Montana. (p. 567). First spray for
EUROPEAN CORN BORER may be due about June 1 in New York; egg masses and larvae
reported on corn in Missouri and adults continue common in light traps in Delaware.
CORN FLEA BEETLE damaging corn in Maryland and Pennsylvania. (p. 568). CHINCH
BUG damaging corn in Oklahoma. (p. 569). GRASSHOPPERS threatening in area of
Oklahoma and potentially economic populations reported in Nevada. (p. 570).

COTTON FLEAHOPPER heavy on safflower in Arizona, G5 Bz) 5

CODLING MOTH present in large numbers in central Missouri and appearing in
Massachusetts, Michigan, Colorado and Idaho. ROSY APPLE APHID curling leaves of
apple in New York and Utah. (p. 571). PLUM CURCULIO adults present in several
Eastern States and in North Dakota. (p. 572). GREEN PEACH APHID of concern on
fruit in Colorado, Idaho and Nevada (p. 572) and increasing rapidly on sugar
beets in Yakima Valley, Washington (p. 575). Several PECAN PESTS troublesome in
some States. (p. 572). POTATO PSYLLID building up rapidly on matrimony-vine in
Colorado, BEAN LEAF BEETLE damaging beans in Maryland and Alabama, and POTATO
LEAFHOPPER increasing in Wisconsin. (p. 574). Damage by ONION MAGGOT in field
of onions near Parma, Idaho, heaviest since 1958, (p. 576).

First BOLL WEEVIL adults of season reported on cotton in Tennessee, Alabama and
Louisiana, Several other COTTON PESTS reported damaging cotton in some areas.
(pp. 577-578) .

Several CONIFER PESTS active and causing some damage in additional sections of
the Nation. (pp. 580-581). EASTERN TENT CATERPILLAR more abundant than for
several years in Vermont, conspicuous in Rhode Island and severe in Wisconsin,

A TENT CATERPILLAR (Malacosoma constrictum) severe and heaviest in several years
in California. (p. 581). ELM LEAF MINER and BIRCH LEAF MINER active in Eastern
and Midwestern States. (p. 583). MOSQUITOES heavy in Iowa, Wisconsin and
Michigan, and active in several other States. HORN FLY above average in Arkansas
and increasing in Oklahoma. (p. 584).

CORRECTIONS

See page 587.

(Continued on page 562).

- 562 -

DETECTION

New County records included: ALFALFA WEEVIL (Hypera postica) in Shelby, Auglaize,
Mercer, Hardin and Van Wert Counties, Ohio; Shelby County, Indiana; Vermilion
County, Illinois; Hitchcock and Furnas Counties, Nebraska. (p. 563). CLOVER
SEED WEEVIL (Miccotrogus picirostris) in Iroquois County and a WEEVIL (Tychius
stephensi) in Putnam County, both in Illinois. (p. 564). SMALLER EUROPEAN ELM
BARK BEETLE (Scolytus multistriatus) in Fresno County, California. (p. 582).

An ICHNEUMON (Biolysi ja tristis) in Vermilion County, Illinois. (p. 586). A
SNAIL (Otala la lactea) in Alameda County, California. (p. 587).

SPECIAL REPORTS

Status of the Screw-worm in the Southwest. (p. 590). Arizona and California now
included in Southwestern Eradication Area.

Estimated Losses and Production Costs Attributed to Insects and Related Arthropods
Attacking Cotton in Arkansas (p. 591) and Sweet Corn and Peach in Florida (p. 592)
in 1964,

Reports in this issue are for the week ending May 28 unless otherwise indicated.

2k 2c 2h fe ak 3c ke ik 2c 2c kc ie 2k 2c 2c afc ak ic akc ic 2c ic afc akc afk 2c akc 2k 2k 2k

WEATHER BUREAU'S 30-DAY OUTLOOK
JUNE 1965

The Weather Bureau's 30-day outlook for June calls for temperatures to average
above seasonal normals in the central and southern Rockies, the central and
southern Plains, and the South except for extreme eastern portions. Below normal
averages are expected from the upper Mississippi Valley eastward to the North-
eastern States. Elsewhere near normal temperatures are in prospect. Rainfall

is expected to exceed normal over the upper Mississippi Valley and the Great

Lakes Region. Subnormal amounts are anticipated over the South as well as over
Middle Atlantic Coastal States and the Northwest. In unspecified areas near normal
rainfall is anticipated.

Weather forecast given here is based on the official 30-day “Resume and Outlook"
published twice a month by the Weather Bureau. You can subscribe through the
Superintendent of Documents, Washington, D.C. 20250. Price $5.00 a year.

WEATHER OF THE WEEK ENDING MAY 31

HIGHLIGHTS: (1) Widespread, beneficial rains in Great Plains. (2) Cool tempera-
tures, some freezing, northern Great Plains to Wisconsin and Michigan. (3) Numer-
ous tornadoes, May 24 and 26. (4) Still dry, Northeast and Florida.

TEMPERATURE: Cold weather dominated the Rocky Mountains and northern Great Plains
during most of the week. Temperatures averaged 6° to 10° below normal in North
Dakota and portions of Arizona, Utah, Colorado, and New Mexico. Warm, humid air
moved north to the Ohio River Valley early in the week and sent Wisconsin tempera-—
tures into the 80's by Tuesday. Then a mass of cool air moved south and eastward,
reaching the North Atlantic States at the weekend. Chicago reported 32° on
Saturday as frost and record low temperatures hit many portions of the northern
Great Plains. Average temperatures were mostly near normal in the East and South.

(Weather continued on page 579).

= 563 =
CEREAL AND FORAGE INSECTS

ALFALFA WEEVIL (Hypera postica) - NEVADA - Larvae sufficiently numerous April 15
to require treatment of field of 4-inch alfalfa in Smith Valley, Lyon County, to
prevent damage. (Batchelder). Many fields currently being treated in Fallon-
Stillwater area of Churchill County, Mason and Smith Valleys, Lyon County, and

in Lovelock, Pershing County. In Pershing County, larvae in excess of 80 per
sweep. (Batchelder, Ferraro, Martinelli, Rivers, York). Larval counts variable
in Dayton, Lyon County, and in Douglas County. Highest counts, 25 per sweep in
Dayton and 50 per sweep in Douglas County. (Bechtel, Weaver). Adults, eggs and
all larval stages present in above areas. (Coop. Rpt.). IDAHO - Adults abundant
and active in Moscow area, Latah County; no larvae noted on leaf buds. Alfalfa
about 2 weeks from harvest. (Manis). WYOMING - Increased activity noted in Big
Horn BaSin area. Adults ranged 55-150 per 100 sweeps. Larvae appearing; ranged
0-70 per 100 sweeps. Highest numbers of adults and larvae noted in Shell area,
Big Horn County. (Marks). UTAH - Larvae becoming more numerous; injury a

threat to some fields of alfalfa. (Knowlton). Larvae noted in alfalfa in Weber
County. (Stenquist, Knowlton). COLORADO - Larval populations higher in Arkansas
Valley than in past 2 years; ranged 200-500 per 100 sweeps in alfalfa. Adults
ranged 0-30 per 100 sweeps in Otero and Pueblo Counties. (Schweissing). Increases
evident in many fields in Mesa County, with damage obvious in fields having higher
counts; ranged 20-300 per 100 sweeps. (Bulla). Larvae ranged 30-250 per 100
sweeps in alfalfa in Weld and Larimer Counties. Cooperative sites being selected
for release of the larval parasite Tetrastichus incertus (a eulophid) in these

2 counties. (Simpson, Gilmore). NEW MEXICO - Adults and larvae ranged 8-30 per
25 sweeps in alfalfa at Los Padillas near Albuquerque, Bernalillo County; averaged
40 per 25 sweeps in one field. (Heninger). KANSAS - Damaging numbers in Finney
County. (Gates, Brooks, May 21). NEBRASKA - Adults active in Scotts Bluff County.
Larval counts by county as follows: Keith, less than 1 per 100 sweeps; Dundy,
more than 1 per 100 sweeps; Hitchcock, 2 taken in 200 sweeps 4 miles west of
Stratton; Furnas, 2 taken in 250 sweeps 0.5 mile east of Cambridge. Hitchcock
and Furnas Counties are new county records. Surveys in Gosper, Dawson, Valley
and Sherman Counties negative. (Manglitz).

ILLINOIS - Larvae averaged 3 per 100 sweeps in Vermilion County. This is a new
county record. (Ill. Ins. Rpt.). OHIO - Found for first time in Shelby, Auglaize,
Mercer, Hardin and Van Wert Counties. This makes total of 16 new counties found
infested in 1965. Counts per 100 sweeps by county as follows: Hardin 7, Auglaize
5, and 2 in Shelby, Mercer and Van Wert. Counts made only in few fields in each
county. None found in Paulding, Putnam, Allen or Hancock Counties. Feeding damage
reported in Stark and Clermont Counties; present in Franklin County. (Harvage,
Blair, Hamilton, Robert). INDIANA - Adults common on alfalfa in southern area.
Found for first time in Shelby County. (Lehker). ARKANSAS - Surveys for this
pest in eastern Washington and western Madison Counties negative. (Ark. Ins.
Sur.). ALABAMA - Early alfalfa hay cutting short due to damage earlier in

season. (Somerville). MARYLAND - Considerable number of larvae noted in alfalfa
near cutting stage in central counties. (U. Md., Ent. Dept.). NEW YORK -
Continues to ravage alfalfa in lower Dutchess County; many fields 60-80 percent
injured in region of Fishkill where controls not applied. Larvae exceed 100 per
sweep; many adults also taken in day sweeps. Bathyplectes curculionis (an
ichneumon) and Tetrastichus incertus, parasites of H. postica, released at 5
locations in Tioga and Tompkins Counties; both species are eStablished in the
Hudson Valley. Feeding activity intensified very rapidly in most areas of Ulster
County during past 4 days. Controls applied to many acres during past 4-5 days.
Haying underway in many fields where controls not applied. (N.Y. Wkly. Rpt.,

May 24). MASSACHUSETTS - Ranged 85-3,000 per 100 sweeps of 15-inch net in western
area. Damage ranged light to severe. Larvae ranged 3-5 per tip on every growing

tip in some fields. First pupae of season observed in fields. (Shaw). RHODE
ISLAND - Great numbers of larvae, eggs and adults noted in fields in Kingston,
Washington County. Apparently heavy wherever alfalfa grown in State. (Mathewson,

King). VERMONT - No noticeable injury evident on alfalfa tips; however, young
larvae and adults observed from east side of Chester, Windsor County, and west side
of Brandon, Rutland County, southward. Noticeable injury anticipated with occur-
rence of next warm weather. (MacCollom, May 24).

- 564 -

CLOVER LEAF WEEVIL (Hypera punctata) - OKLAHOMA - Adults common in alfalfa in
many parts of State; numbers light in most areas. (Okla. Coop. Sur.). UTAH -
Numbers low in northern and central areas. (Knowlton).

LESSER CLOVER LEAF WEEVIL (Hypera nigrirostris) - MISSOURI - Adults averaged 25
per 10 sweeps in field of red clover in Pettis County; no larvae found and little
evidence of damage to crop. (Houser, Thomas, Peters).

CLOVER SEED WEEVIL (Miccotrogus picirostris) - ILLINOIS - Occasional adults of

M. picirostris and Tychius stephensi noted in northern half of State. Counts
ranged 0-30 T. stephensi and O-1 M. picirostris per 100 sweeps. New county
records were T. stephensi in Putnam County and M. picirostris in Iroquois County.
Gi ins: Rpt. jr ne

SOUTHERN CORN ROOTWORM (Diabrotica undecimpunctata howardi) - SOUTH DAKOTA -
Averaged 2 per 100 sweeps in alfalfa near James River at Olivet, Hutchinson
County. First observation of season. (Jones). WISCONSIN - Adults becoming
common in southern area alfalfa. (Wis. Ins. Sur.). IOWA - Averaged one per 10
sweeps in alfalfa in Warren County, May 20. (Iowa Ins. Inf.). NORTH CAROLINA -
Larvae destroyed most of 2.5 acres of corn in 3 spots in field in Pender County;
caused some damage to corn in another field in same county. (Honeycutt, Mount).

BLISTER BEETLES - WISCONSIN - Few Epicauta fabricii (ash-gray blister beetle)
appearing in alfalfa in more advanced areas of State. (Wis. Ins. Sur.). ILLINOIS -
E. fabricii adults occasionally noted in alfalfa in east district. (Ill. Ins.
Rpt.). OKLAHOMA - Averaged 2.5 per 10 sweeps in alfalfa checked in Payne County.
Population 90 percent Epicauta murina and 10 percent E. torsa. Adult E. torsa
noted in alfalfa in Lincoln County. (Okla. Coop. Sur.). ve

A SOLDIER BEETLE (Cantharis bilineatus) - WISCONSIN - Adults unusually common in
alfalfa and oats in southwest area. (Wis. Ins. Sur.).

WHITE-FRINGED BEETLES (Graphognathus spp.) - ALABAMA - Larvae destroyed stand of
peanuts in 10-acre field south of Hartford, Geneva County. (Stephenson).

PEA APHID (Acyrthosiphon pisum) - WASHINGTON - All stages noted on forage and
alfalfa grown for seed. Averaged 17 per 100 sweeps in Ellensburg area, Kittitas
County; 7 per sweep in Walla Walla area, Walla Walla County; 26 per 100 sweeps

in Pasco area, Benton County; 42 per 100 sweeps at Yakima and vicinity, Yakima
County. (Halfhill). IDAHO - Ranged 10-100 per sweep on alfalfa in various fields
sampled in Canyon and Owyhee Counties. (Waters). NEVADA - Averaged 5 per sweep
in alfalfa in Orovada, Humboldt County. (Earnist). Light, spotted populations
noted in alfalfa in Dayton, Lyon County, and in Douglas County; highest counts of

20 per sweep present in Dayton. (Bechtel, Weaver). Very low in Lovelock,
Pershing County. (Ferraro). UTAH - Populations generally low but increasing in
some fields where controls may be required. (Knowlton). WYOMING - Adults and

nymphs ranged 85-100 per 100 sweeps in alfalfa in Big Horn, Washakie, Hot Springs
and Fremont Counties. (Marks). COLORADO - Ranged 300-400 per 100 sweeps in
alfalfa in Prospect Valley and Fort Lupton areas of Weld County (Urano); ranged
120-600 per 100 sweeps in other areas of Weld County and in Larimer County
(Simpson). NEW MEXICO - Light to medium throughout areas checked in southwestern
part of State. (Heninger, Kloepfer, Campbell). OKLAHOMA - Continued to decrease
in most areas. Heavy in alfalfa in Bryan County, moderate in Garvin, Murray and
Kay Counties, and light in Cleveland County. Ranged 1-20 per 10 sweeps in Jackson,
Harmon, Greer and Kiowa Counties; averaged 8 per 10 sweeps in Lincoln County and
15 per 10 sweeps in Payne County. (Okla. Coop. Sur.). ARKANSAS - Numbers very
low in alfalfa in northwest; ranged as low as 10-15 per 100 sweeps. (Ark. Ins.
Sur.). NEBRASKA - Light in alfalfa in Scotts Bluff, Keith, Dundy, Hitchcock,
Furnas, Gosper, Dawson, Valley, Sherman and Howard Counties. Predators abundant.
(Manglitz). SOUTH DAKOTA - Populations remain very heavy on alfalfa in many
areas; some controls applied in eastern areas. Populations will continue high on
alfalfa with continuation of good weather. (Kantack)., Counts of over 10,000 per
100 sweeps made in Moady County alfalfa. (Hintz). WISCONSIN - Counts decreased

- 565 -

to approximately one-tenth of those reported previous period; further decrease
will probably occur. Localized infestations in Sauk, Green, Pepin and Columbia
Counties affected alfalfa to extent controls initiated in some instances. In
most instances observed, heavy numbers associated with winterkill and hatching
concentrated upon remaining plants. Some such plants stunted, yellowed and, in
extreme instances, whitened. Many fields showing yellowing due to effects of
weather, nutritional deficiencies or disease. Populations in fields surveyed
throughout southwest and southern areas ranged 1 or 2 to about 200 per sweep.
Counts now about 100 per sweep in fields having counts of 2,000 per sweep previous
week. Predators becoming common; Nabis ferus adults and N. subcoleoptratus
nymphs noted in many fields and lady beetle larvae number as high as 6 per sweep.
Predators may have indirect influence upon aphid populations following first
cutting of alfalfa; some cutting observed in southern areas. Many aphids being
destroyed by predators contained parasitic larvae; thus parasites also being
decimated. (Wis. Ins. Sur.). ILLINOIS - Ranged 30-4,200 per 100 sweeps in most
areas. (111. Ins. Rpt.). INDIANA - Averaged 15 per sweep on alfalfa in central
area and 6 per sweep in northern area. (Huber). OHIO - Heavy in alfalfa in
Auglaize and Mercer Counties. Lady beetles, damsel bugs and lacewings numerous.
(Rose). NEW YORK - Continued scarce in alfalfa over State; few, if any, noted
in most areas. (N.Y. Wkly. Rpt., May 24). RHODE ISLAND - Common on alfalfa in
Kingston, Washington County. (Mathewson).

@
SPOTTED ALFALFA APHID (Therioaphis maculata) — NEW MEXICO —- Caused some damage
to young stand of alfalfa at Redrock, Grant County. (Campbell). Reported as
light on alfalfa at Albuquerque, Bernalillo County. (Heninger). Generally heavy
infestations reported in Chaves County; heaviest on New Mexico common variety of
alfalfa. Effective control not being obtained. (Nielsen). OKLAHOMA - Ranged
2-25 per 10 sweeps in alfalfa checked in Harmon County. (Okla. Coop. Sur.).
ARKANSAS - Surveys in northwest area continued negative. (Ark. Ins. Sur.).
MISSOURI - None found in fields checked in central and southwest districts.
(Houser, Thomas, Peters). NEBRASKA - Ranged 0-13 per 100 sweeps in Keith,
Dundy, Furnas and Dawson Counties. Predators, abundant. (Manglitz). WISCONSIN -
Populations about static. Dispersal suspected as 83 percent of population winged
in one field checked in Brodhead area. Field severely yellowed and cut late in
season previous year. Population about 40 percent winged in adjacent field cut
once early last year. Averaged 40 per sweep in this field, only 15 per sweep in
adjacent field. (Wis. Ins. Sur.).

CLOVER APHID (Anuraphis bakeri) - IDAHO -— Populations relatively small but well
distributed; 2-20 found under every red clover leaf bract examined in Owyhee
County. (Waters).

TARNISHED PLANT BUG (Lygus lineolaris) - OKLAHOMA - Heavy in alfalfa in local

areas of Garvin County. Counts ranged 0-3 per 10 sweeps in southwest area;
averaged 5 per 10 sweeps in Payne County. (Okla. Coop. Sur.). MISSOURI - Adults
averaged 18 per 10 sweeps in field of red clover in Pettis County. (Houser,
Thomas, Peters). OHIO - Nymphs per sweep averaged 10 in field of alfalfa near
Minster, Auglaize County, and 18 in field near Chickasaw, Mercer County. Popula-
tions varied considerably, with most fields surveyed having considerably lighter
counts. (Rose). MASSACHUSETTS - Ranged 3-24 per 100 sweeps of 15-inch net in
western area. (Shaw). VERMONT - Averaged 2 per 5 sweeps on alfalfa in unspecified
areas. (MacCollom, May 24).

LYGUS BUGS (Lygus spp.) — ARIZONA - Nymphs and adults increasing rapidly in alfalfa
in Yuma, Graham, Maricopa and Pinal Counties. Some movement from alfalfa to

cotton noted with damage increasing on cotton. (Ariz Coop. Sur.). NEW MEXICO -
Adults and nymphs ranged 10-12 per 25 sweeps in alfalfa in Dona Ana and Bernalillo
Counties. (Heninger, Campbell). Reported heavier on alfalfa in Tucumcari, Quay
County. (Kleopfer). WYOMING - Adults averaged 46 per 100 sweeps in alfalfa
checked in Big Horn, Washakie, Hot Springs and Fremont Counties. (Marks). UTAH -
Numerous in eastern and moderate in western Millard County. Nymphs common on
mustard; some developing in alfalfa. NEVADA - Averaged one adult per sweep in

- 566 -

alfalfa seed fields in Orovada, Humboldt County. (Earnist). Adult and nymphal
populations variable, light and spotted in Churchill, Douglas, Lyon and Pershing

Counties. (Coop. Rpt.).

PLANT BUGS - CALIFORNIA - Irbisia solani present in large numbers in oat plantings
in Woodside, San Mateo County. (Cal. Coop. Rpt.). WISCONSIN -— Adelphocoris
rapidus (rapid plant bug) nymphs numerous in many fields of alfalfa; averaged

as high as 3 per sweep in some locations. A. lineolatus (alfalfa plant bug)
nymphs present in large numbers in some alfalfa; aS many as 6 per sweep taken

in one field near Prairie du Chien. Trigonotylus spp. nymphs common in grassy
alfalfa and in early rye. Leptopterna dolabratus (meadow plant bug) nymphs
increasing in fields of grain. (Wis. Ins. Sur.). MASSACHUSETTS - L. dolabratus
ranged 3-7 and Trigonotylus ruficornis ranged 1-20 per 100 sweeps of 15-inch

net in western area. (Shaw) .

MEADOW SPITTLEBUG (Philaenus spumarius) - NEW YORK - Late stage nymphs causing
damage and spittle masses readily apparent on birdsfoot trefoil, red clover and
alfalfa in lower Hudson Valley. (N.Y. Wkly. Rpt., May 24). RHODE ISLAND -
Typical spittle masses appearing in Kingston, Washington County, and in Cranston,
Providence County. (Mathewson). INDIANA - Nymphs averaged 40 per 100 stems of
red clover in Hudson Lake area, La Porte County, and 25 per 100 stems of alfalfa
in areas of Clinton, Boone and Montgomery Counties. (Huber). WISCONSIN - Numbers
relatively high in many fields of alfalfa in southwest area. Generally averaged
about 6 per 10 stems, although counts as high as 30 per 10 stems not uncommon.

(Wis. Ins. Sur.).

POTATO LEAFHOPPER (Empoasca fabae) — WISCONSIN - Adults apparently increasing;
observed on alfalfa, peas and occasionally on oats. Counts as high as 6 per 10
sweeps near margins of few fields. (Wis. Ins. Sur.). IOWA - Averaged one per

10 sweeps in alfalfa in Warren County, May 20. (Iowa Ins. Inf.). ILLINOIS -
Adults varied 250-1,200 (averaged 429) per 100 sweeps in alfalfa in east
district. (Ill. Ins. Rpt.). INDIANA - Adults averaged 3 per sweep in some areas
of west central section. (Huber). MISSOURI - Averaged 3-5 per 10 sweeps in
alfalfa in central and southwest districts. (Houser, Thomas, Peters). DELAWARE -
First adult of season noted on alfalfa in New Castle County. (Bray).

LEAFHOPPERS - MASSACHUSETTS - Counts per 100 sweeps of 15-inch net in forage in
western area as follows: Aceratagallia sanguinolenta (clover leafhopper) 2-14,
Macrosteles fascifrons (six-spotted leafhopper) 2-5 and Errastunus ocellaris

1-17. (Shaw).

THRIPS — ARIZONA - Heavy populations of Chirothrips sp. necessitated controls

in some seed fields of Bermuda grass in Yuma County. (Ariz. Coop. Sur.). NEW
MEXICO - Unspecified species moderate to heavy on alfalfa in area between Roswell,
Eddy County, and Hagerman, Chaves County. (Nielsen). ALABAMA - Unspecified
species heavy and widespread on peanuts in Geneva County. (Reynolds). GEORGIA -
Unspecified species ranged light to heavy on peanuts. (French). MARYLAND -
Unspecified species common in heads of barley, wheat and rye in Calvert and
Prince Georges Counties. (U. Md., Ent. Dept.).

VARIEGATED CUTWORM (Peridroma saucia) — KANSAS - Reported preventing re-growth

of alfalfa following first cutting in Cowley County. (Gates, Brooks). MISSOURI -
Very few larvae noted in alfalfa or red clover over State. Populations very light
in these crops this spring. (Houser, Thomas, Peters).

GREEN CLOVERWORM (Plathypena scabra) -— OKLAHOMA —- Noted in all alfalfa checked in
southwest area and in Lincoln and Payne Caunties; averaged 3 or less per 10 sweeps.
(Okla. Coop. Sur.).

ALFALFA LOOPER (Autographa californica) - CALIFORNIA - Light populations in
alfalfa relatively larger than in past years. Condition apparently prevails
statewide. (Cal. Coop. Rpt.).

- 567 -

ALFALFA CATERPILLAR (Colias eurytheme) - ARIZONA - Very young larvae increasing
in alfalfa inMaricopa and Yuma Counties; averaged 165 per 100 sweeps. (Ariz.
Coop. Sur.).

SPIDER MITES (Tetranychus spp.) - NEW MEXICO - Heavy in several large fields of
alfalfa in Eddy County, south of Roswell; considerable damage to foliage apparent.
(Callens). ALABAMA - Heavy in isolated areas on white and other clovers in
Chambers County pastures. (Barwood).

ARMYWORM (Pseudaletia unipuncta) - MISSOURI - Larvae ranged 0-2 per foot of row
in grain fields having more dense growth; none found in fields where stand more
open. First-generation adults appearing in light trap at Portageville, Pemiscot
County. (Houser, Thomas, Peters). ILLINOIS - Damaged some wheat in southern half
of State; treatment underway. Of 24 fields checked in west-southwest district,
larvae ranged 6-10 per linear foot of row in 3 fields, with treatment justified;
larvae ranged 0-3 per linear foot in remaining 21 fields with treatments not
justified. (Ill. Ins. Rpt.). INDIANA - Localized, heavy populations continued
troublesome in southern areas. In Vanderburgh County, 30-acre field of corn plowed
under because of stripping of plants. (Lehker). WISCONSIN - Few small larvae
appearing in alfalfa in southern area; rarely exceed 1 per 10 sweeps. (Wis. Ins.
Sur.). MICHIGAN - Light trap collections indicate increase in adult numbers.
(See Light Trap Collections, page 588). No larval infestations reported; however
close watch being maintained. Weather factors will be important. (Newman).
MARYLAND - Light to moderate on field corn in Dorchester and Prince Georges
Counties. First report of season. (U. Md., Ent. Dept.). NEW YORK - Numbered

up to 20 per square foot in new seeding of alfalfa in Saratoga County May 14.
Fifth-stage larvae determined by G. Gyrisco. Damage predominately on light

sandy soils and extremely severe on alfalfa. One new seeding observed May 21
almost completely defoliated. Also noted in adjacent meadows and corn. (N.Y.
Wkly. Rpt.).

YELLOW-STRIPED ARMYWORM (Prodenia ornithogalli) - MISSOURI - Larvae damaged 5-70
percent of corn plants in many fields in west central area. (Houser, Thomas,
Peters). ARIZONA - Ranged 60-100 per 100 sweeps in alfalfa in Gila Valley in
Yuma County. (Ariz. Coop. Sur.).

FALL ARMYWORM (Spodoptera frugiperda) - GEORGIA - Caused moderate damage in
whorls of corn in Miller County. (French).

CORN EARWORM (Heliothis zea) - GEORGIA - Moderate damage noted in whorls of

corn in southern area. (French). ALABAMA - Young larvae heavy on corn in
localized fields in Bibb, Lee and central and southern counties, mainly in whorls.
(Camp et al.). TEXAS - Light, local populations feeding on pods of vetch in
Kaufman County. (Turney).

BLACK CUTWORM (Agrotis ipsilon) - ILLINOIS - Troublesome and caused replanting

of several thousand acres of corn in southern two-thirds of State. (Ill. Ins.
Rpt.). MISSOURI - Caused moderate to severe damage to corn in northern half of
State; entire fields replanted in some instances. Damaged plants ranged 2-100
percent. Larvae ranged early stage to full grown and damage expected to continue.
(Houser, Thomas, Peters). NEVADA - Larvae heavy and causing medium damage to
greens at golf course in Las Vegas, Clark County. (Nichols).

ARMY CUTWORM (Chorizagrotis auxiliaris) - MONTANA - Destroyed several hundred
acres of fall and spring grains in Harve area, Hill County. Infestations also
occurred within the city. (Pratt, May 25).

CUTWORMS - OHIO - Damage widespread on variety of crops. Agrotis gladiaria (clay-
backed cutworm) noted feeding above and below ground level on corn near Orrville,
Wayne County, and near Loudonville, Ashland County; 4-5 percent of stalks damaged.
(Barry, Davidson). Infestations of field corn reported from Columbiana and
Carroll Counties (Showalter, Myers); up to 75 percent of small corn in some
fields cut off in Gallia County (Smith). Six adults of Amathes c-nigrum (spotted

= 568 —

cutworm) taken in blacklight traps in Franklin and Logan Counties on May 24 and
25, respectively. (Rose.). MICHIGAN - Larval injury to corn reported in several
areas including Allegan, Van Buren and Saginaw Counties. Agrotis ipsilon (black
cutworm) and to a lesser extent Peridroma saucia (variegated cutworm) involved

in damage;-.adults taken in blacklight trap samplings at number of locations.

(See Light Trap Collections, page 588). (Guyer, Newman). IOWA - Unspecified
species abundant in river bottom areas of Page, Mills and Fremont Counties. Small
larvae attacking 1-3 inch high corn in 40 acre sod field north of Clarinda, Page
County, May 18. A few large larvae found in Monona County. Damaging 2-inch

high corn in Webster County. Rather severe in Lee and Keokuk Counties. (Iowa
Ins. Inf., May 24). UTAH - Unspecified species retarding growth of alfalfa in
field south of Sutherland and another field south of Delta. (Knowlton). MARYLAND -
A. gladiaria continues injurious to young corn following sod over wide area of
State. (U. Md., Ent. Dept.). PENNSYLVANIA - A. gladiaria and Crymodes devastator
(glassy cutworm) quite serious on corn in northeast area. (Gesell). MASSACHUSETTS —-
Unspecified climbing species severe on various crops and ornamentals in widely
scattered localities. Sprays or baits recommended where no preplant treatment
applied. (Wave, May 26). NEW HAMPSHIRE - Unspecified larvae ranged 5-18 per
square foot in alfalfa; damaging primarily 1964 seedings. Defoliation ranged 30
percent to near complete. Little or no damage on older stands. (Conklin,

Mason, Sutherland, May 14).

EUROPEAN CORN BORER (Ostrinia nubilalis) -— NEW YORK - Pupation first noted May 12
on sweet corn in Hudson Valley. First pupa was among 20 larvae kept at outside
temperatures in carton since fall of 1964. Single pupa found May 14 in sample
from collection of stalks wintered outside; pupa found at Poughkeepsie in coarse
straw of giant panicum grass; bushel of straw yielded 3 larvae, 2 pupae and one
normal pupal skin. Male adult collected nearby. First spray for larvae may be
due about June 1. (N.Y. Wkly. Rpt., May 24). WISCONSIN - Although no adults

yet emerged, related species that usually precedes O. nubilalis by about one week,
being taken in blacklight traps in Dane County. (Wis. Ins. Sur.). IOWA -
Pupation 44 percent but no moths observed at Ankeny, May 20. Field-collected
larvae heavily infected by Perezia pyraustae (a protozoan). (Iowa Ins. Inf.).
MISSOURI - Egg masses or larvae up to second stage present on 40-50 percent of
corn plants in Pemiscot County. (Keaster). In Carroll County, 2-5 egg masses
per 100 plants found on earliest planted corn (30 inches extended height).
(Houser, Thomas, Peters). DELAWARE - Adults continue common in blacklight trap
collections in Sussex County. (Burbutis).

SOD WEBWORMS —- OHIO - Activity of Crambus spp. in lawns and field corn reported
from Clinton, Montgomery and Fayette Counties. (Fladt, Grover, Holdsworth,
Blair). Blacklight trap collections at Reynoldsburg, Franklin County, yielded

33 adults during period May 20-27. Similar collections at Columbus, Franklin
County, and in Logan County yielded 17 adults on May 25. (Spilker, Rose).

IOWA - Unspecified species cutting off newly emerged corn at Hudson, Black

Hawk County. (Iowa Ins. Inf., May 24). ARIZONA - Crambus spp. severely damaged
lawns in Mesa-Chandler area, Maricopa County. (Ariz. Coop. Sur.).

CORN FLEA BEETLE (Chaetocnema pulicaria) - NEW YORK - Detected on sweet corn in
Hudson Valley May 12 at Hurley. Typical feeding marks noted on 1-2 leaves and
single beetle observed on 3 of 100 plants checked. Similar observation made at
New Platz May 13. This is first live beetle detected in this study area since
fall of 1963. Feeding marks noted on 7 of 100 plants checked May 18 at
Poughkeepsie. Of 200 plants checked May 21, feeding marks noted on 37 percent,
chiefly on leaf "A". Species may be beginning expected comeback in mid-Hudson
Valley area; however, still below level of concern. (N.Y. Wkly. Rpt., May 24).
PENNSYLVANIA - Heavy in sweet corn in southwest area (Udine) and in field corn
in southeast area. (Menusan). MARYLAND - Adults ranged light to heavy on
field and sweet corn in all sections. Most damaging to newly emerging sweet corn.
(U. Md., Ent. Dept.),. OHIO - Feeding on corn near Orrville, Wayne County.
(Barry). Unspecified species of flea beetles reported abundant on corn in
Coshocton, Delaware and Highland Counties. (Treece, Jones, Robinson).

- 569 -

CEREAL LEAF BEETLE (Oulema melanopa) - MICHIGAN - No areas of recent buildups
located during intensive survey in southwest. Evidence increasing that suppression
programs of 1963, 1964 and 1965 have been of major significance in reducing
beetle numbers. General level of infestation in infested area much reduced from
levels of 1963 and 1964. Extremely favorable results obtained from well-timed
sprays applied about May 7. Larval damage quite evident in infested wheat and
oats; second and third-stage larvae most common stages in oats, third and fourth-
stages most common in wheat. Few overwintering adults and many eggs still
present in research plots of oats in Berrien County. First prepupae observed

May 25. Large scale pupation will be underway in wheat soon. (Turner, Ruppel).
INDIANA -— Averaged 430 third and fourth-stage larvae per 100 sweeps on wheat and
170 first and second-stage larvae per 100 stems on oats in La Porte County.
(Huber). In general, oviposition completed on wheat with peak hatch May 21-23.
Oviposition on oats expected to peak about May 30 and peak hatch about June 7

in St. Joseph County. (Wilson). ILLINOIS - Reported for first time in State in
CEIR 15(22):537; details not available at that time as follows: Collected on
wheat by R. B. Halstead 4.5 miles east of Beecher, Will County, on May 11, 1965.
(PPC).

A COLASPIS (Colaspis sp.) -— MISSOURI - Larvae fed on roots of corn and milo in
few fields in southwest district; caused stunting of plants. (Houser, Thomas,
Peters).

CORN LEAF APHID (Rhopalosiphum maidis) - NEW MEXICO - Light to medium in barley
around Deming, Luna County, and Virden Valley, Hidalgo County. Populations
heavier in some fields. (Campbell). OKLAHOMA —- Ranged 25-50 per plant on 6 to
12-inch grain sorghum in Jackson County; averaged 75 per plant on 12 to 15-inch
sorghum in Harmon County. (Okla. Coop. Sur.).

ENGLISH GRAIN APHID (Macrosiphum avenae) — NEVADA = Light, spotted populations
noted in grain in Douglas County. (Bechtel). SOUTH DAKOTA - Collected in random
samples on oats at Highmore, Hyde County; 1 alate and 3 nymphs found on single
plant in 40 linear feet of row. Oats 6-7 inches high. None observed on oats

3 inches high at Eureka, McPherson County. (Kieckhefer). WISCONSIN - Colonies
forming on florets of rye in Arena-Spring Green area. (Wis. Ins. Sur.).

CHINCH BUG (Blissus leucopterus) - OKLAHOMA - Heavy in grain sorghum in Rogers
County and moderate in Mayes County. (Okla. Coop. Sur.).

STINK BUGS - ALABAMA - Adults of Euschistus servus (brown stink bug) and Nezara
viridula (southern green stink bug) rather heavy on mature wheat in Mobile
County. (Dillier, Seibels).

WIREWORMS - NORTH CAROLINA - Melanotus communis necessitated replanting of 20
acres of corn in Camden County. Larvae very abundant in field; some pupation
noted May 27. Caused considerable damage to corn in field with dark, sandy
loam soil near Burgaw, Pender County. (Mount). IOWA - Working in corn in
Jasper and Palo Alto Counties. (Iowa Ins. Inf., May 24).

HESSIAN FLY (Mayetiola destructor) -— MONTANA - Adults collected in Big Horn County
where egg laying underway on large scale. Many thousands of acres of fall wheat
infested. (Pratt, May 25).

SEED-CORN MAGGOT (Hylemya platura) - COLORADO - Adults ranged 5-15 per night in
traps in Vineland area, Pueblo County, for 2 weeks ending May 15. Populations
now declined to zero. (Schweissing).

BANKS GRASS MITE (Olingonychus pratensis) - NEVADA - Heavy numbers on timothy
required treatment of several fields in Smith Valley, Lyon County, during week
ending May 21. (Rivers).

=) BI/0) =

GRASSHOPPERS - TEXAS - Grasshoppers reported from numerous locations over wide
area of State, particularly in central and eastern areas. (Texas Coop. Rpt.).
OKLAHOMA - Nymphs of several species ranged 10-40 per square yard on approximately
20,000 acres of grassland in Pittsburg County. Threatening populations found on
1,500 acres of intermingled crop and grassland in Cherokee County. Melanoplus
bivittatus (two-striped grasshopper), M. sanguinipes (migratory grasshopper)

M. occidentalis, Boopedon nubilum and Hesperotettix speciosus dominant in these
‘areas. Counts ranged 1-2 per square yard on rangeland in Texas, Beaver and
Cimarron Counties and 4-10 per square yard in Ellis and Roger Mills Counties.
Phlibostroma quadrimaculatum, Ageneotettix deorum, Aulocara elliotti and
Amphitornus coloradus dominant in these areas. Unspecified grasshoppers heavy

on rangeland in Comanche County, moderate in Kiowa, Murray and Bryan Counties,
and light in Cleveland County. Melanoplus spp. (mostly M. bivittatus) averaged
15 per square yard on rangeland checked in southern Jackson County; damaging
alfalfa in several parts of southwest area and in Stephens County. Approximately
10,000 acres of rangeland committed to control program in Pittsburg County.
(Okla. Coop. Sur.). MISSOURI - Early nymphs of Melanoplus spp. ranged 30-40

per square yard in field margins and fence rows in southwest. Light damage
observed on small grains and alfalfa in Jasper and Newton Counties. (Houser,
Thomas, Peters). SOUTH DAKOTA - Hatch continues very light. Nymphs averaged

one per square yard over western two-thirds of State on rangeland, soil bank
land, alfalfa and bare areas along roadsides. (Burge). WYOMING — Nymphs reported
very numerous in foothills area west of Wheatland, Platte County. Aulocara
elliotti, Cordillacris occipitalis, Ageneotettix deorum and Melanoplus spp.
dominant species. (Bohmont, Thornley). UTAH — Hatch more general; threatening
numbers noted in parts of Millard County. (Knowlton). NEVADA - Potential
economic populations of Aulocara elliotti, M. bivittatus and Oedaleonotus enigma
noted north and south of Battle Mountain, Lander County; second and third instars
present. Mostly A. elliotti up to third instar averaged 4-5 per square yard

near Midas, Elko County. (Maloney). As of May 20, no grasshopper hatch observed
in Orovada, Denio or Sheldon Ridge, Humboldt County. (Earnist).

MORMON CRICKET (Anabrus simplex) - WYOMING - Hatching underway on Casper Mountain,
Natrona County. Mostly first and second instars present, (Bohmont, Thornley).

BILLBUGS (Sphenophorus spp.) - ARIZONA - S. phoeniciensis a problem on Bermuda
grass lawns and other ornamentals in Pima, Pinal and Maricopa Counties. Annoying
homeowners. (Ariz. Coop. Sur.). NORTH CAROLINA — Sphenophorus sp. reported in
CEIR 15(22):537 as of concern in some corn in Pasquotank County determined as

§S. collosus by D. A. Mount. (Mount).

EUROPEAN CHAFER (Amphimallon majalis) - NEW YORK - Heavy larval infestations
reported near Walworth, Henrietta and Elmira. Larvae near Syracuse remain in
third stage; prepupae expected week ending May 28. (N.Y. Wkly. Rpt., May 24).

HAIRY CHINCH BUG (Blissus hirtus) - NEW YORK - Infestation of lawn observed May 21
at Dreyden, Tompkins County. (N.Y. Wkly. Rpt.).

A CYDNID BUG (Cyrtomenus mirabilis) - ALABAMA - A burrowing bug, probably this
species, quite general on Bermuda grass lawn in Jefferson County; controls
applied. (Johns).

SPITTLEBUGS - VERMONT - Unspecified species moderate in most fields of trefoil;
hatch continues. (MacCollom, May 24). GEORGIA - Increasing numbers of Prosapia
bicincta being taken in light trap in Tift County. (Beck).

RHODES-GRASS SCALE (Antonina graminis) - ARIZONA - Becoming abundant in Bermuda
grass lawns in Maricopa and Yuma Counties. (Ariz. Coop. Sur.).

GROUND PEARLS - ALABAMA - Heavy on 3 lawns in Opp, Covington County. (Pike).

A MARCH FLY (Bibio xanthopus) - PENNSYLVANIA - Very numerous in lawns in Luzerne
County; also numerous in flowers. (May).

= BIL =

COTTON FLEAHOPPER (Psallus seriatus) - ARIZONA —- Medium to heavy on safflower in
fields throughout Maricopa and Graham Counties. (Ariz. Coop. Sur.).

A LEAF BEETLE (Trirhabda sp.) - CALIFORNIA - Adults and larvae heavy on sunflower
in Lakeview, Riverside County. (Cal. Coop. Rpt.).

FRUIT INSECTS

CODLING MOTH (Carpocapsa pomonella) - IDAHO - First adults found in bait traps
during week ending May 17 in Twin Falls County. (Taute). COLORADO - Adults
taken in traps at Austin Station, Delta County. Cool weather slowing emergence.
(Bulla). MISSOURI - Large numbers active in central section May 24. Considerable
numbers continue on unsprayed apples in southeast section. (Wkly. Rpt. Fr. Grs.).
WISCONSIN - Total of 6 adults caught in blacklight trap at Madison. (Wis. Ins.
Sur.). MICHIGAN - Adults light in southwestern section, emerged in cages in

Kent County May 25. (Gilmore, Wooley). OHIO - Peak adult emergence occurred

May 24, (Forsythe). MASSACHUSETTS - Present in orchards but not active. (Crop
Pest Cont. Mess.).

GREEN FRUITWORM (Lithophane antennata) — VERMONT - Abundant; controls should be
applied to prevent dimpled fruit. (MacCollom, May 24). MASSACHUSETTS - Quite
abundant; severely damaging untreated apples. (Crop Pest Cont. Mess.). NEW
YORK - Few active in Columbia County. (N.Y. Wkly. Rpt., May 24).

BAGWORM (Thyridopteryx ephemeraeformis) - ALABAMA - First and second-stage larvae
light on few apple and pecan trees in Tallapoosa, Clay, Lee and other counties.
(Barwood, Webb, et al.).

EYE-SPOTTED BUD MOTH (Spilonota ocellana) — MICHIGAN - Larvae injuring new growth
of apple and cherry trees in Grand Traverse County. (Wooley).

RED-BANDED LEAF ROLLER (Argyrotaenia velutinana) - MICHIGAN - Leaf injury reported
in few apple orchards in Kent County and in southwest section. (Wooley, Klackle).

A LEAF ROLLER - MICHIGAN - Undetermined species causing injury in some apple
orchards in Kent County. (Howitt, Klackle).

ROSY APPLE APHID (Anuraphis rosea) - NEW YORK - Causing considerable leaf curling
in some Ulster County orchards. (N.Y. Wkly. Rpt., May 24). SOUTH CAROLINA -
Present in a few orchards in Spartanburg County. (Nettles, et al.). COLORADO -
Light to moderate in Mesa, Delta and Montrose Counties. (Bulla). UTAH - Curling
apple leaves at Moab, Grand County. (Knowlton).

APPLE APHID (Aphis pomi) - SOUTH CAROLINA - Most abundant apple pest in
Spartanburg County. (Nettles et al., May 26). IDAHO - General in all orchards
examined in Twin Falls County. (Youtz). UTAH - Aphids, largely this species,
moderate in Weber County orchards. (Stenquist, Knowlton).

APPLE GRAIN APHID (Rhopalosiphum fitchii) - WISCONSIN - Few colonies persist’ on
apple foliage in Gays Mills area. (Wis. Ins. Sur.).

APPLE LEAFHOPPER (Empoasca maligna) - MISSOURI - Considerable numbers in one
orchard in northeast. (Wkly. Rpt. Fr. Grs.).

PEAR PSYLLA (Psylla pryicola) -— MICHIGAN - Eggs and first-stage nymphs common in
some pear plantings in Grand Traverse County. (Wooley). CALIFORNIA -— Heavy
locally in pear trees in Potter Valley, Mendocino County. (Cal. Coop. Rpt.).

EUROPEAN RED MITE (Panonychus ulmi) - VERMONT - Building up in some areas.
(MacCollom, May 24). MICHIGAN - Egg laying on apple foliage increasing in Lower
Peninsula. (Wooley, Howitt).

— YZ =

A FRUIT-TREE MITE (Bryobia rubrioculus) - UTAH - Moderate on apple and cherry
trees at Tooele, Tooele County. (Knowlton).

PEAR LEAF BLISTER MITE (Eriophyeés pyri) - CALIFORNIA - Heavy on pear leaves in
Julian, San Diego County. (Cal. Coop. Rpt.).

A LYGUS BUG (Lygus elisus) - UTAH - Moderate in apple and peach orchards at
North Ogden, Weber County. (Knowlton).

EUROPEAN APPLE SAWFLY (Hoplocampa testudinea) — MASSACHUSETTS - Injury very
noticeable on apples. (Crop Pest Cont. Mess.).

PLUM CURCULIO (Conotrachelus nenuphar) - VERMONT - Activity expected when temper-
atures reach midseventies or above. (MacCollom, May 24). RHODE ISLAND - First
adults of season noted on apple in Kingston, Washington County. (Mathewson).

NEW YORK - Adult found in sweet cherry tree in Niagara County May 21. (N.Y. Wkly.
Rpt.). PENNSYLVANIA - Many scars on cherry fruit in Blair County; damaged 90
percent of fruit on small ornamental plum and crabapple at State College. (Udine,
Gesell). NORTH DAKOTA - Adults appeared in Fullerton area, (Frye).

SHOT-HOLE BORER (Scolytus rugulosus) - ALABAMA - Adults attacking weak and diseased
apricot and peach trees in home orchard in Covington County. (Pike).

GREEN PEACH APHID (Myzus persicae) - IDAHO - General in peach orchards examined
in Twin Falls County. (Youtz). NEVADA - Continues heavy on peach in southern

Washoe County; winged forms increasing. (Bechtel, Moore). COLORADO - Moderate
to heavy where no sprays applied in Mesa and Delta Counties. Curling leaves in
Paonia area. (Bulla).

BLACK CHERRY APHID (Myzus cerasi) - IDAHO - General in all cherry orchards
examined in Twin Falls County. (Youtz). UTAH - Curling leaves occasionally at
Fillmore, Millard County, and Brigham City, Box Elder County. (Knowlton).

PUTNAM SCALE (Aspidiotus ancylus) - CONNECTICUT - Found on plum at Stafford
Springs. (Savos, May 29).

VARIEGATED CUTWORM (Peridroma saucia) - CALIFORNIA - Larvae heavy; damaging
cherry foliage in San Ardo, Monterey County. (Cal. Coop. Rpt.).

MAY BEETLES (Phyllophaga spp.) - OKLAHOMA - Heavy and damaging pecans in Mayes
County. (Okla. Coop. Sur.).

A WEEVIL - NORTH CAROLINA - Heavy in pecan shoots in Iredell County. Also
reported in Chatham and Orange Counties. (Franklin, Barnes, Mount).

PECAN PHYLLOXERA (Phylloxera devastatrix) -—- OKLAHOMA - Moderate on pecans in
Cleveland County and light to moderate in Murray County. (Okla. Coop. Sur.).

APHIDS - ALABAMA - Heavy and widespread on pecans throughout Lowndes County;
honeydew heavy. (Mathews). GEORGIA - Melanocallis caryaefoliae (black pecan
aphid) and yellow species moderate on pecan in southern section. (Fletcher,
French).

FALL WEBWORM (Hyphantria cunea) - ALABAMA - Medium and widespread on pecan,
persimmon, hickory, apple and peach in Mobile, Lee and other southern counties.
(Deakle, Moore, et al.).

PECAN NUT CASEBEARER (Acrobasis caryae) - OKLAHOMA - Eggs averaged 16 per 100
clusters on pecans checked in Love County and 6 in Jefferson County. (Okla. Coop.
Sure

= 373 =

SCALE INSECTS - CALIFORNIA - Aonidiella aurantii (California red scale),
Parlatoria oleae (olive scale) and Aspidiotus hederae (oleander scale) heavy
locally on Olive in Yuba City, Sutter County. (Cal. Coop. Rpt.).

BEET ARMYWORM (Spodoptera exigua) - CALIFORNIA - Locally heavy on orange trees
in Santa Paula, Ventura County. (Cal. Coop. Rpt.).

TEXAS CITRUS MITE (Eutetranychus banksi) - FLORIDA - All stages moderately damag-
ing leaves of citrus in nursery at Haines City, Polk County. (Eisenschenk, May 19).

A FRUIT FLY (Anastrepha suspensa) - FLORIDA - Unusually large numbers, as many as
77 per trap, of this native species caught in McPhail traps at Miami Springs and
Hialeah, Dade County, May 25-26. Collected by W. S. Brewton and J. Hancock.
Determination confirmed by R. H. Foote. Survey for larvae in fruit initiated.
(Fla. Coop. Sur.).

WHITE-LINED SPHINX (Celerio lineata) - CALIFORNIA - Larvae migrating from weed
hosts to grape vineyards in Fresno County. (Cal. Coop. Rpt.).

COTTONY MAPLE SCALE (Pulvinaria innumerabilis) - NORTH CAROLINA - Infesting grapes
in Tyrrell County. (Harris, Mount). P)

A WEEVIL (Ampeloglypter ater) - PENNSYLVANIA - Cutting new twigs on grapes in
Bradford County. (Gesell).

IMPORTED CURRANTWORM (Nematus ribesii) - WISCONSIN - Heavy locally; defoliating
currant bushes in some gardens in southern areas. (Wis. Ins. Sur.).

A COLASPIS (Colaspis sp.) - NORTH CAROLINA - Feeding on blueberry foliage on farm
in Pender County. Det. by H. H. Neunzig. (Honeycutt).

FRUIT-TREE LEAF ROLLER (Archips argyrospilus) - MASSACHUSETTS - Prevalent in well
sprayed orchards. (Crop Pest Cont. Mess.). NEW YORK - Most prevalent orchard
pest in Westchester County; usual numbers in Ulster County and few active in
Columbia County. (N.Y. Wkly . Rpt., May 24). COLORADO - Scattered on fruit trees
in Denver and Larimer Counties. (Hantsbarger, Daniels).

ORIENTAL FRUIT MOTH (Grapholitha molesta)-- MISSOURI - Active in Kansas City area.
Second brood beginning in southeast section. (Wkly. Rpt. Fr. Grs.).

ORCHARD MITES —- NEW YORK - Very troublesome in Monroe County; 4-6 per leaf in
some orchards. First summer eggs of spider mites noted in Ulster County May 19;
adults readily found in some Clinton County orchards; plentiful in Orleans
County. (N.Y. Wkly. Rpt., May 24). MASSACHUSETTS - Tetranychus telarius (two-
spotted spider mite) noted in fruit trees; spread expected. (Crop Pest Cont.
Mess.).

TARNISHED PLANT BUG (Lygus lineolaris) - VERMONT - Abundant; petal-fall controls
should be applied to avoid dimpled fruit. (MacCollom, May 24).

PERIODICAL CICADAS (Magicicada spp.) - OHIO - Adults common in eastern section;
no mating or oviposition injury noted near Wooster, Wayne County. (Gehres et al.).

TRUCK CROP INSECTS

COLORADO POTATO BEETLE (Leptinotarsa decemlineata) - NEW YORK - Few adults
present in Suffolk County. (N.Y. Wkly. Rpt., May 24). ALABAMA - Attacking
potatoes and beans locally in Fayette County. Controls applied in most gardens
(Pitts). OKLAHOMA - Moderate on potatoes and tomatoes in Bryan County. (Okla.

= 374 -

Coop. Sur.). WASHINGTON — Overwintering adults and numerous egg masses on
potatoes in Grant, Adams and Yakima Counties. (Powell).

POTATO FLEA BEETLE (Epitrix cucumeris) - IOWA - Feeding on leaves of potatoes and
tomatoes in central section, (Iowa Ins. Inf., May 24). PENNSYLVANIA - Abundant on
potatoes in Chester County. (Menusan). RHODE ISLAND - Probably this species on
tomatoes in Cranston and North Smithfield, Providence County. (King).

POTATO STALK BORER (Trichobaris trinotata) - PENNSYLVANIA - Very serious in
several fields of newly set tomato plants in Luzerne County. (Gesell).

CLAY-BACKED CUTWORM (Agrotis gladiaria) - OHIO -— Destroyed 20 acres of tomatoes
in Sandusky County. (Holdsworth) .

POTATO APHID (Macrosiphum euphorbiae) - MARYLAND —- Light to moderate on potatoes
and tomatoes on Several farms in Harford and Prince Georges Counties, (U. Md.,
Ent. Dept.).

POTATO PSYLLID (Paratrioza cockerelli) - COLORADO - In Arkansas Valley, adults
0-50 per 100 sweeps in untreated potato fields and less than one per 100 sweeps

in treated fields. Building up rapidly on matrimony-vine. In Weld County, adults
2-3 per 100 sweeps in potato fields in Platteville area, none taken in Gilcrest
area. (Schweissing, Jenkins).

MEXICAN BEAN BEETLE (Epilachna varivestis) - ALABAMA - Light on beans in gardens
in Clay, Coosa, Tallapoosa and Lee Counties. (Barwood, et al.). GEORGIA - Light
on snap beans in Dougherty County. (Osborn). MARYLAND - First adults of season
observed May 24 on snap beans at College Park, Prince Georges County. (U. Md.,
Ent. Dept.).

BEAN LEAF BEETLE (Cerotoma trifurcata) - ALABAMA - Attacking beans and potatoes
locally in Fayette County. Controls applied to most gardens. (Pitts). MARYLAND -
Adults causing conspicuous leaf damage to snap beans in Calvert and Prince

Georges Counties. (U. Md., Ent. Dept.).

PALE-STRIPED FLEA BEETLE (Systena blanda) - GEORGIA - Moderate on pole beans in
Spalding County. (Dupree).

LOOPERS - FLORIDA - Trichoplusia ni (cabbage looper), Pseudoplusia includens and
one unspecified species causing moderate to heavy damage to foliage and moderate
injury to pods of snap beans in 200-acre field at Belle Glade, Palm Beach County.
(Genung).

POTATO LEAFHOPPER (Empoasca fabae) — WISCONSIN - Adult numbers apparently increas-—
ing; collected from peas. As many as 6 per 10 sweeps collected near margins of

some fields. (Wis. Ins. Sur.). MARYLAND - First adults of season observed May 24
on snap beans at College Park, Prince Georges County. (U. Md., Ent. Dept.). 5

PEA APHID (Acyrthosiphon pisum) - WISCONSIN - Populations in peas remain unchanged
(Wis. Ins. Sur.).

BLACK CUTWORM (Agrotis ipsilon) - CALIFORNIA - This species and Autographa sp.
(a looper) heavy in lettuce fields in Watsonville, Santa Cruz County. (Cal.
Coop. Rpt.).

IMPORTED CABBAGEWORM (Pieris rapae) - NEW HAMPSHIRE - First adult of season seen
at Durham, May 8. (Conklin). MASSACHUSETTS - Adults laying eggs. (Crop Pest
Cont. Mess.). MARYLAND - Larvae moderate on garden cabbage at College Park,
Prince Georges County. (U. Md., Ent. Dept.). GEORGIA - Heavy on cabbage and
turnips in Spalding County. (Dupree).

DIAMONDBACK MOTH (Plutella maculipennis) - GEORGIA - Emerging on turnips in
Spalding County. (Dupree). UTAH — Moderate on wild mustards throughout Delta-
Sutherland area, Millard County. (Knowlton).

= 575 =

ASPARAGUS BEETLES —- WISCONSIN - Crioceris asparagi (asparagus beetle) and

Cc. duodecimpunctata (spotted asparagus beetle) adults active on asparagus in

Dane County; eggs of C. asparagi hatching May 26. (Wis. Ins. Sur.). MICHIGAN -
C. asparagi and C. duodecimpunctata active and laying eggs on asparagus in
Livingston County. (Newman, Tester). UTAH - C. asparagi and C. duodecimpunctata
causing light to moderate damage. (Knowlton). ie

CUCUMBER BEETLES — MASSACHUSETTS - Activity stimulated by high temperatures.
(Crop Pest Cont. Mess.). OKLAHOMA - Diabrotica undecimpunctata howardi (spotted
cucumber beetle) and Acalymma vittata (striped cucumber beetle) heavy on squash
in Noble County. (Okla. Coop. Sur.). COLORADO - Early populations of A. vittata
in scattered cataloup fields in Arkansas Valley. (Schweissing) . ae

SQUASH BUG (Anasa tristis) - OKLAHOMA - Egg laying on squash in Noble County.
(Okla. Coop. Sur.).

SQUASH VINE BORER (Melittia cucurbitae) -ALABAMA- Larvae heavy in squash vines
in Orchard Community, Mobile County. (Bolton).

SEED-CORN MAGGOT (Hylemya platura) - DELAWARE -— Infesting newly emerged stems
and seeds of cantaloups (MacCreary). UTAH - Injuring some vegetable seeds in
Weber County. (Knowlton).

LEAFHOPPERS (Empoasca spp.) - ARIZONA -— Medium; controls necessary on cantaloups
in Dome Valley, Yuma County. (Ariz. Coop. Sur.).

MITES - COLORADO —- Large numbers noted in some cantaloup fields in Arkansas
Valley. (Schweissing). ARIZONA - Tetranychus telarius (two-spotted spider mite)
heavy and damaging melons locally in Yuma County. (Ariz), Coop? Sur.).

FALSE WESTERN CUTWORM (Agrotis orthogonia) - COLORADO - Larvae serious in field
of sugar beets in Windsor area, Weld County. (Urano).

BEET WEBWORM (Loxostege sticticalis) - UTAH - Adults observed in Salt Lake
County. (Knowlton).

SUGAR-BEET ROOT MAGGOT (Tetanops myopaeformis) - COLORADO - Total of 36 adults
caught in bait traps in Larimer County during week ending May 24. Adults
active and mating in Windsor area, Weld County. (Gaskill, Jenkins).

AN EPHYDRID FLY (Psilopa leucostoma) - WASHINGTON - Adults of this leaf mining
species beginning to oviposit on sugar beets in 20,000-acre area of Walla Walla
County and Yakima Valley. (Landis).

BEET LEAFHOPPER (Circulifer tenellus) - WYOMING - Approximately 5,000 acres of
wasteland in Worland Valley area of Washakie County treated. Areas included

canal banks, highway and railroad rights-of-way and natural waterways. Individual
growers encouraged to treat their fence rows, ditchbanks and other areas. (Lowry).

GREEN PEACH APHID (Myzus persicae) - WASHINGTON - Increasing rapidly in Yakima
Valley in sugar beets near peach orchards. Winged and wingless forms on volunteer
potatoes transmitting leaf roll virus from diseased plants. Active west of
Othello, Adams and Grant Counties and near Toppenish, Yakima County. (Wallis,
Powell).

GARDEN SPRINGTAIL (Bourletiella hortensis) - MICHIGAN - Injuring sugar beets in
Bay County in association with flea beetles. (Nichols, Wells).

SWEETPOTATO WEEVIL (Cylas formicarius elegantulus) - FLORIDA - All stages
scattered moderately on stem and leaves of sweetpotatoes on farm at Sunniland,
Collier County. (Denmark, Walsh, Nelson).

A SNOWY TREE CRICKET - WISCONSIN - Heavily damaging raspberries in Kenosha County.
(Wis. Ins. Sur.).

= 576 —

RHUBARB CURCULIO (Lixus concavus) - IOWA - Active throughout southern and
central sections. (Iowa Ins. Inf., May 24).

ONION THRIPS (Thrips tabaci) — COLORADO - Building up on set onions; ranged 5-20
per plant. Averaged less than one per plant in seeded onions in Arkansas Valley.
(Schweissing).

ONION MAGGOT (Hylemya antiqua) - IDAHO - Damage in onion field near Parma,
Canyon County, heaviest since 1958. (Scott).

SPIDER MITES - NEVADA - Medium to heavy on onions; treatments applied. (Rivers).
OKLAHOMA - Tetranychus spp. light to moderate in home gardens in Cleveland
County. (Okla. Coop. Sur.). MARYLAND —- Tetranychus sp. light on lower leaves
of strawberries in Harford County. (U. Md., Ent. Dept.).

STRAWBERRY CROWN BORER (Tyloderma fragariae) —- NEBRASKA — Heavier than normal
in eastern section. (Walstrom).

STRAWBERRY LEAF ROLLER (Ancylis comptana fragariae) -— KANSAS - Observed on straw-
berries in Douglas and Ottawa Counties. (Gates, Brooks, May 21).

VEGETABLE WEEVIL (Listroderes costirostris obliquus) - CALIFORNIA - Locally heavy
in strawberry in Chico, Butte County. (Cal. Coop. Rpt.).

FLEA BEETLES - VERMONT - Injury by unspecified species noticeable on cabbage

and broccoli transplants in Burlington area, Chittenden County. (MacCollon,

May 24). MASSACHUSETTS - Activity stimulated by high temperatures. (Crop Pest
Cont. Mess.). CONNECTICUT - Attacking wide variety of plants. (Savos, May 29).
NEW YORK - Fairly light in tomatoes and melons in Suffolk County; very active on
sugar beets and on very small broccoli, cabbage and brussels sprouts in seed beds.
in Madison and Oneida Counties; very active on cabbage transplants in Ontario
County. (N.Y. Wkly. Rpt., May 24). MICHIGAN - Injuring sugar beets in Bay
County in association with Bourletiella hortensis (garden springtail). (Nichols,
Wells). KANSAS - On sweetpotato slips in beds. (Gates, Brooks). COLORADO -
Damaging cabbage seedlings in Weld County. (Watada). NEVADA - Medium to heavy
on onions; treatments applied. (Rivers).

CUTWORMS - VERMONT - Active in most areas; especially damaging to asparagus.

(MacCollom, May 24). RHODE ISLAND -— Heavy in gardens in Glocester and Smithfield,

Providence County. (King). CONNECTICUT - Attacking wide variety of vegetables
and small fruits. (Savos, May 29). MARYLAND - Injuring garden beans and tomatoes
at Burtonsville, Montgomery County. Conspicuous injury to strawberry fruit noted
in Harford County. (U. Md., Ent. Dept.). OHIO -— Extremely numerous in vegetable
gardens and tomato fields in Gallia County. (Smith). MICHIGAN - Larvae of
several species, including Agrotis ipsilon (black cutworm) and Peridroma saucia
(variegated cutworm) injuring mint and onions in Allegan, Van Buren and Saginaw
Counties. (See Light Trap Collections, page 588). (Guyer, Newman). ARIZONA —
Feltia spp. medium, causing light damage to melons in Yuma and Maricopa Counties.
(Ariz. Coop. Sur.). CALIFORNIA - Euxoa sp. larvae severely damaging asparagus
plantings in Stockton, San Joaquin County. One large field almost 100-percent
loss)... (Gale Coop. Rpt).

TOBACCO INSECTS

TOBACCO FLEA BEETLE (Epitrix hirtipennis) - MARYLAND - Adults ranged 5-10 per
plant, with damage evident, on newly set tobacco in Calvert and Prince Georges
Counties. (U. Md., Ent. Dept.).

WIREWORMS (Conoderus spp.) - NORTH CAROLINA - C. vespertinus (tobacco wireworm)
and C. falli (Southern potato wireworm) caused considerable damage to 3-acre
field of tobacco in southwest corner of Duplin County; of 8 larvae and 1 pupa
collected, 1 larva was C, falli and pupa was C. vespertinus. (Mount).

= 577 =

THRIPS — MARYLAND - General on newly set tobacco in Calvert and Prince Georges
Counties. (U. Md., Ent. Dept.).

BUDWORMS (Heliothis spp.) - GEORGIA - Light to moderate on tobacco. (French).

COTTON INSECTS

BOLL WEEVIL (Anthonomus grandis) - NORTH CAROLINA - Averaged 662 live weevils

per acre in 3 fields in Scotland County and in one field checked in Robeson
County May 27. Cotton primarily in 4-leaf stage. (Robertson). SOUTH CAROLINA -
Total of 5 weevils collected on trap plot at Florence. Some light infestations
noted. (Taft et al., May 26). TENNESSEE - Two weevils noted feeding on terminal
buds; one in west Hardin County, one in southern McNairy County. Rains hindered
survey in "hot spot" areas. (Locke). ALABAMA - Few adults reported on cotton

in southern part of State. (Pike et al.). LOUISIANA - Single weevil found in
several fields examined in Tallulah area, Madison Parish; 10 weevils recovered
from trap plants near hibernation sites. (Cleveland et al., May 27). TEXAS -
Weevils averaged 51 per acre in 25 untreated fields in McLennan and Falls
Counties; ranged 0-1,000. Averaged 21 (range 0-25) per acre in 13 treated fields.
Overall average 48 per acre. Three weevils collected on flight screen. Percent
survival in hibernation cages as of May 28 as follows: 2.0 in 2 cages containing
1,000 field collected weevils installed October 29, “1964; 15.4 in cage containing
136 weevils from ground trash and rehibernated December 2, 1964; and 26.3 in cage
containing 152 weevils from ground trash and rehibernated in March 1965. Single
weevil emerged from cages containing green bolls collected in November 1964 and
one from cages containing bollie cotton collected from standing stalks in March.
(Cowan et al.). Light infestations reported on cotton in lower Rio Grande

Valley and upper coastal areas. Overwintering weevils emerging in central area.
(Texas Coop. Rpt.).

A WEEVIL (Compsus auricephalus) - TENNESSEE -— Reported causing some localized
damage to cotton in Haywood County. (Locke).

FLEA BEETLES - ALABAMA - Adults of Systena frontalis severe on cotton on several
farms in lowland areas of Monroe County; caused considerable reduction of
stands, with approximately 50 acres affected. Numerous inspections requested
and controls applied. (Culpepper, Welch). TENNESSEE - At least 2 species found
over western cotton-growing area of State; causing light damage in combination
with infestations of thrips and aphids. Most damage result of feeding on
terminal buds. (Locke).

STRIPED FLEA BEETLE (Phyllotreta striolata) - ALABAMA - Adults occurring on cotton
over wide areas in northern part of State, especially in Cullman and Morgan
Counties. Some controls applied in Cullman County. (Ledbetter, Pinkston).

WIREWORMS - MISSOURI - Horistonotus uhlerii (sand wireworm) ruined 2 stands of
cotton in field in Pemiscot County. (Keaster, Harrendorf, Jones). TEXAS -
Scattered, local populations of unspecified species damaging cotton seedlings
in high plains area of State. (Rummel).

BOLLWORMS (Heliothis spp., et al.) - SOUTH CAROLINA - Light trap collections at
Florence yielded 32 H. zea adults and one H. virescens adult; this compares with
26 H. zea and zero H. virescens for same period in 1964. (Taft et al., May 26).
GEORGIA — Moderate on cotton in Burke County. (Miller). ARKANSAS - First H. zea
moth of first generation appeared in Bradley County May 26. This record eee
associated with previous report of 20 percent pupation on May 15. (Ark. Ins.
Sur.). LOUISIANA - Few eggs observed on young cotton in Madison Parish but no
larvae found. Large populations of beneficial insects observed on crops and

on wild host plants. (Cleveland et al., May 27). TEXAS - Single larva found on
cotton in McLennan and Falls Counties. Of 55 larvae collected on host plants,

2 determined as H. virescens. Total larvae from host plants to May 28 determined
as 189 H. zea and 7 H. virescens. All H. virescens collected from Indian

- 578 -

paintbrush. (Cowan et al.). Some light to moderate infestations of H. zea
reported on cotton in Rio Grande Valley. (Texas Coop. Rpt.). a

PINK BOLLWORM (Pectinophora gossypiella) - TEXAS - Moths collected in McLennan
and Falls Counties as follows: 3 from 3 cages containing green bolls collected
in November 1964 and placed on soil surface; 49 from 3 cages containing bolls
placed on screens six inches above soil surface in November 1964; in 6 cages
containing bollie cotton collected in March 1965 from standing stalks, 35 moths
emerged. (Cowan et al.).

CABBAGE LOOPER (Trichoplusia ni) - SOUTH CAROLINA - Some very light infestations
reported on cotton in Florence area. (Taft et al., May 26).

GRANULATE CUTWORM (Feltia subterranea) - ARIZONA - Damaged few fields of late
planted cotton in Yuma County and in Mesa area of Maricopa County. (Ariz. Coop.
Surpr

SALT-MARSH CATERPILLAR (Estigmene acrea) - ARIZONA — Light numbers of full-grown
larvae moved into cotton fields from alfalfa in Yuma County and in Buckeye area
of Maricopa County. Some damage reported. CAraize (Coopee Sup).

BEET ARMYWORM (Spodoptera exigua) -— ARIZONA - Light infestations becoming general
on cotton throughout most of Pinal, Maricopa and Yuma Counties. (Ariz. Coop. Sur.).

THRIPS -— SOUTH CAROLINA - Light to very heavy infestations seen in late. planted
cotton in Florence area. (Taft, et al., May 26). Heaviest infestation ever
noted, reported in Spartanburg County. (Nettles et al.). GEORGIA - Light to
heavy on cotton in northwest, north and northeast areas. (Johnson).

TENNESSEE - Damage to cotton in western part of State light to date; populations
apparently not on increase. (Locke). ALABAMA - Damage to cotton reported over
much of State. Infestations range light to heavy; apparently most heavy in
isolated fields where extremely dry weather has caused natural host plants to
become unpalatable. With poor stands and late cotton general throughout State,
damage to young cotton may be of more concern than usual. Controls applied to
some cotton in all areas of State. (Pike et al.). LOUISIANA - Light to heavy
infestations found in survey fields in Tallulah area, Madison Parish; continue

to migrate into young cotton from maturing wild host plants. Recent rains eased
situation somewhat, but some fields show serious damage. (Cleveland et al.,

May 27). OKLAHOMA - Frankliniella spp. ranged 1-5 per terminal in cotton checked
in Harmon County. Light on cotton in Jackson and Greer Counties. Most cotton
checked in 4 to 6-leaf stage. (Okla. Coop. Sur.). TEXAS - Infestations as
follows in 25 untreated fields of cotton in Waco area of McLennan and Falls
Counties: Heavy in 8, medium in 3, light in 13 and none in one field. In 13
untreated fields in area, infestations were medium in 3, light in 8 and absent

in 2 fields. (Cowan et al., May 27). Light to moderate populations observed

in cotton in Reeves, Pecos and El Paso Counties; populations moderate in Hudspeth
County. Heavy infestations reported in Wharton County. Light to moderate,
widespread infestations reported in central and north central area cotton. (Texas
Coop. Rpt.). NEW MEXICO - Populations building up on cotton in number of fields
checked in southern Eddy County. (Nielsen).

APHIDS - GEORGIA - Heavy on cotton in Burke County. (Miller). TENNESSEE - Light
numbers noted in all fields surveyed in western area where no controls applied.
Warm weather should reduce these infestations. (Locke). LOUISIANA - Infestations
on cotton reduced in Tallulah area, Madison Parish. (Cleveland et al., May 27).
TEXAS - Infestations of Aphis gossypii (cotton aphid) light in 25 of 38 fields
checked in McLennan and Falls Counties. (Cowan et al.).

PLANT BUGS - OKLAHOMA - Moderate number reported damaging cotton in Hollis area,
Harmon County. (Okla. Coop. Sur.). LOUISIANA - Light in few fields examined in
Madison Pardsh. Heavy infestations noted on wild host plants. (Cleveland et al.,
May 27).

= O72) =

A LYGAEID BUG (Melanocoryphus lateralis) - TEXAS - Heavy, local populations
present in fields of cotton in Pecos County. (Neeb).

COTTON FLEAHOPPER (Psallus seriatus) - TEXAS - Averaged 7.4 (range 0-46) per linear
foot of row in 13 treated fields and 5.1 (range 0-61.5) in 25 untreated fields in
McLennan and Falls Counties. Overall average 5.4. Most were nymphs; this due to
movement of adults into cotton before advent of heavy rains. (Cowan et al.).
Reported generally light to moderate in lower Rio Grande Valley, southwest and
coastal bend areas; some heavy infestations observed in Brazoria and Jackson
Counties. Reported heavy on wild host plants in north central area, with
relatively light populations on cotton. (Texas Coop. Rpt.). OKLAHOMA - A nymph,
probably this species, noted in cotton in Jackson County. (Okla. Coop. Sur.).
LOUISIANA - Light infestations of unspecified fleahoppers noted in few cotton
fields checked in Madison Parish; heavy on wild host plants. (Cleveland et al.,
May 27).

SPIDER MITES - TEXAS - Scattered, light, local infestations reported in cotton
in Pecos and Reeves Counties. (Neeb). ARIZONA - Heavy damage by Tetranychus
telarius (two-spotted spider mite) found in spotted areas of cotton in Maricopa,
Pinal and Yuma Counties. (irely3, Coroj, Sieltes ))<

Weather continued from page 692.

PRECIPITATION: Heavy local downpours occurred from Texas to the Great Lakes on
‘several days; some of the storms brought large hail and strong winds. Thunder-
showers brought light to moderate rains to parts of the East and to most of the
Great Plains area and the Corn Belt. Dry weather continued to prevail in Florida.
Although some moderate rains came to the Northeast at the weekend, this did not
end the continuing drought in that area.

TORNADOES: More than 30 tornadoes occurred on Monday, May 24. They were reported
from South Dakota, Nebraska, Kansas, Colorado, Minnesota, and Iowa. More than 40
tornadoes occurred on Wednesday from Oklahoma to Minnesota and eastward to Ohio.
Tornadoes also occurred in scattered areas on Tuesday, Friday, and Sunday.
(Summary supplied by U.S. Weather Bureau).

- 580 -

FOREST, ORNAMENTAL AND SHADE TREE INSECTS

BLACK HILLS BEETLE (Dendroctonus ponderosae) - SOUTH DAKOTA - Control on ponderosa
pine continues in the Black Hills’ National Forest. As of April 24, acres covered
totaled 307,819. This represents 60 percent of the project area to be covered by
June 30, 1965. This year's control should bring outbreak back to an endemic
situation. Then, only a “hot spot" maintenance program is forecast. (Rehfeld) .

ENGRAVER BEETLES (Ips spp.) - CALIFORNIA - Heavy adult population of Ips mexicanus
in pine logs in Los Altos, Santa Clara County. (Cal. Coop. Rpt.). WISCONSIN —
Ips sp. ovipositing in weakened red pine in Trempealeau County. Damaged trees
usually found in plantations which had been pruned, thinned or both. Populations
apparently built up in slash left on ground from March 1964. Half-grown larvae
found in 20-year old standing trees on May 25. (Wis. Ins. Sur.).

PALES WEEVIL (Hylobius pales) - WISCONSIN - Damage, from adult feeding on Christmas
tree plantings last fall common in Adams and Wood Counties. Scotch pine appeared
most seriously affected on May 25. (Wis. Ins. Sur.).

EUROPEAN PINE SAWFLY (Neodiprion sertifer) - INDIANA - A serious outbreak reported
in Jasper County. (Stark). OHIO - Reported as follows: Light on Christmas trees
in Franklin County, more serious in Columbiana County, specimens from Marion and
Montgomery Counties, (Myers, Holdsworth, Parrott, Delaplane). MICHIGAN - Larval
injury still widespread in Lower Peninsula. Small larvae noted. (Connor, Wallner).

CONIFER SAWFLIES - CONNECTICUT - Larvae of various species feeding on pine.
(Savos, May 29). OHIO - Larvae of Neodiprion pinetum (white-pine sawfly) feeding
in Union Township, Knox County. (Davidson). NEVADA - Larvae of probably N.
edulicolis heavy on pinyon pine (Pinus monophylla) over a 20-mile area of Fife
Flat west of Bunker Peak in Clover Valley Mountains, Lincoln County. (Munk).

PINE NEEDLE SCALE (Phenacaspis pinifoliae) - NEW YORK - Crawlers active in Ithaca
area. (N.Y. Wkly. Rpt., May 24). RHODE ISLAND - Hatching and dispersal of
crawlers in Kingston, Washington County. Many eggs still unhatched. (Mathewson),
WISCONSIN - Most of crawlers emerged in Dane County. (Wis. Ins. Sur.). WYOMING -
Scales numerous on spruce and pines at Casper, Natrona County. (Robb). UTAH -
Light on blue spruce at Fillmore, Millard County; heavier on some trees at Logan,
Cache County. (Knowlton).

COOLEY SPRUCE GALL APHID (Chermes cooleyi) - NEBRASKA - On Douglas-fir in Dundy
County. (White).

PINE BARK APHID (Pineus strobi) - WISCONSIN - Moderate infestation on white
pines used as a windbreak in western Dane County. Many of young nymphs moved
out to needles to feed. (Wis. Ins. Sur.). NORTH CAROLINA - On pine twigs
locally in Cumberland County. (Scott).

SPRUCE NEEDLE MINER (Taniva albolineana) - MONTANA - Noted in Missoula. (Pratt,
May 25).

PINE NEEDLE MINER (Exotelia pinifoliella) - NORTH CAROLINA - Reported heavy on
30-40 acres of long leaf pine in Halifax County. Det. by F. Whitefield. (Mount
et al.).

JACK-PINE BUDWORM (Choristoneura pinus) - WISCONSIN - No larvae found in survey
in Marquette County, May 20, but on same date second-stage larvae in moderate
numbers in Adams County. Second instars in Polk County readily found on small
trees in localities where defoliation occurred previously on larger overstory
trees. (Wis. Ins. Sur.).

EUROPEAN PINE SHOOT MOTH (Rhyacionia buoliana) - RHODE ISLAND - Larvae very heavy
on Mugho pine in Kingston, Washington County; few pupae noted, (Mathewson) .
INDIANA - Pupation about 50 percent in Lafayette, Tippecanoe County. (Schuder) .

- 581 -

NANTUCKET PINE TIP MOTH (Rhyacionia frustrana) - GEORGIA - Heavy on pine in
Piedmont area. (Yates). OKLAHOMA - First-generation adults emerging in pine
plantations in Stillwater area of Payne County. (Okla. Coop. Sur.).

LARCH CASEBEARER (Coleophora laricella) - WISCONSIN - Severe injury to several
European larch trees in northwestern Grant County. More than 90 percent were
pupae or in prepupal stage on May 25. Counts of slightly more than 1 per leaf
bundle. (Wis. Ins. Sur.).

BALSAM GALL MIDGE (Cecidomyia balsamicola) - WISCONSIN - First adults collected
near Antigo, Langlade County, May 19. Insects not numerous compared with initial
collections in 1964. Balsam candles 1-1.5 inches long, whereas emergence was
about time of budbreak last year. Few parasites collected in traps. On May 22,
when balsam fir candles were 1.5-2 inches long and buds of Fraser fir were still
not opening, adult midges were more numerous in traps. (Wis. Ins. Sur.).

A SEED CHALCID (Megastigmus albifrons) - ARIZONA - Damaging yellow pine in area
of Apache County east of Snowflake (Navajo County). (Ariz. Coop. Sur.).

EASTERN TENT CATERPILLAR (Malacosoma americanum) - VERMONT - More abundant than
for several years. (MacCollom, May 24). RHODE ISLAND - Tents more conspicuous
and larvae on the move in areas of Providence County where they caused public
concern. (Mathewson, Veilleux, King). WISCONSIN - Few tents in Polk County May 20.
Infestations severe and entire trees defoliated in parts of Rock and Grant
Counties where few larvae were fully grown May 25. (Wis. Ins. Sur.).

A TENT CATERPILLAR (Malacosoma constrictum) - CALIFORNIA - Heavy larval feeding
on oaks, willows and roses in Redding, Shasta County. Severe defoliation of oaks
in Descanso-Pine Valley areas of San Diego County. This is the heaviest infesta-
tion in years. (Cal. Coop. Rpt.).

GREAT BASIN TENT CATERPILLAR (Malacosoma fragile) - ARIZONA - Numerous tents on
cottonwood and other trees in Globe area of Gila County. Lighter populations in
an area of Apache County east of Snowflake (Navajo County). (Ariz. Coop. Sur.).

GYPSY MOTH (Porthetria dispar) - NEW YORK - First and second-stage larvae in
Ulster County lowlands May 12. Appearing in Hudson Valley lowlands in new spots.
Few small larvae found on oak and poplar at Poughkeepsie area May 14. Partly
grown larvae readily found between High Falls and Rosendale May 20. (N.Y. Wkly.
Rpt.).

BOXELDER TWIG BORER (Proteoteras willingana) - NORTH DAKOTA - Moderate damage on
shelterbelt boxelder near Casselton. Haynes, Kennedy, Stein).

MOURNING-CLOAK BUTTERFLY (Nymphalis antiopa) - ARIZONA - Larvae damaging elms in
an area of Apache County near Holbrook (Navajo County). (Ariz. Coop. Sur.).

A LEAF ROLLER MOTH (Choristoneura zapulata) - NEVADA - Up to half-grown larvae
medium to heavy on several ornamental shrubs in Reno, Washoe County. (Lauderdale,
Uriarte). Larvae of probably this species heavy on an unidentified plant in
Carson City, Ormsby County. (Wilkins).

BAGWORM (Thyridopteryx ephemeraeformis) - OKLAHOMA - Active on Pfitzer juniper
in Oklahoma City; moderate in Garvin County. (Okla. Coop. Sur.).

APHIDS - CALIFORNIA - Heavy on oak in Anaheim, Orange County, and medium on oaks
in Fresno, Fresno County. Aphis gossypii (melon aphid) and Amphorophora sp.
heavily infesting jacaranda trees in Imperial Beach, San Diego County. Caused
twig dieback. Medium populations of Prociphilus fraxinifolii damaging ash trees
in Clovis, Fresno County. Medium populations of Drepanaphis acerifoliae (painted
maple aphid) on maple foliage in McFarland, Kern County. (Cal. Coop. Rpt.).
NEVADA - Periphyllus negundinis (boxelder aphid) heavy on many boxelder trees in
Douglas, Ormsby and southern Washoe Counties. (Bechtel). ARIZONA —- Heavy

= 834 =

populations of Aphis nerii on ornamentals in Safford area of Graham County
required controls. (Ariz. Coop. Sur.). IDAHO - P. lyropictus (Norway maple
aphid) winged forms in Moscow, Latah County. First-generation stem mothers
abundant on most trees. (Manis). UTAH - Eriosoma americanum (woolly elm aphid)
curling elm leaves at Logan, Cache County. Various species heavy on sycamore and
Norway maples and moderately infesting linden at Logan. (Knowlton). NORTH
DAKOTA - Macrosiphoniella sanborni (chrysanthemum aphid) heavy on potted chrysan-
themums in greenhouse at Bismarck. (Frye). Light infestation of E. americanum
on ash in a shelterbelt near Casselton. (Haynes, Kennedy, Stein). IOWA - Various
species infesting many oaks in Des Moines, Polk County. (Iowa Ins. Inf., May 24).
DELAWARE - Aphis spiraecola (spirea aphid) fairly common on spirea in areas of
New Castle County. (Burbutis). RHODE ISLAND - Undetermined species numerous on
new growth of rose in Kingston, Washington County. Leaf curl aphids on snowball
in Riverside, Providence County. (Mathewson).

ELM LEAF BEETLE (Galerucella xanthomelaena) - VERMONT - Adults feeding on elms,
(MacCollom, May 24). NEW YORK - Laying eggs in Geneva area; none hatched by

May 24, (N.Y. Wkly. Rpt.). MARYLAND - Numerous adults ovipositing on American
elms at Carrollton, Prince Georges County. (U. Md., Ent. Dept.). OKLAHOMA -
Larvae noted in most areas of State. Numbers moderate in Harmon, Cherokee,
Washington and Garvin Counties and light in Kiowa, Rogers and Murray Counties,
(Okia. Coop. Sur.). CALIFORNIA - Heavy populations defoliating beech trees
(Betula alba) in a nursery in Willets, Mendocino County. Adults causing damage.
Heavy adult population in house in Felton, Santa Cruz County. (Cal. Coop. Rpt.).

SMALLER EUROPEAN ELM BARK BEETLE (Scolytus multistriatus) - CALIFORNIA - Light
population of adults on twigs and bark of elm. Collected by H. V. Dunnegan,

May 13 at Kingsburg, Fresno County. This is the first record for the county and
for the San Joaquin Valley. The find is 140 miles southeast of the nearest
previously reported collection at San Jose, Santa Clara County. (Harper).

IOWA - First adult emergence observed in Polk County May 14, Hamilton County

May 18, Story County May 19, and Clinton County May 20. (Iowa Ins. Inf.).
MICHIGAN - First adult emergence in Ingham County on May 21. (Wallner, Butcher).

A BLISTER BEETLE (Epicauta torsa) - OKLAHOMA - Heavy numbers defoliating mimosa
trees in Norman area of Cleveland County and in Marshall County. (Okla. Coop.
Sur.). :

LOCUST BORER (Megacyllene robiniae) - UTAH - Damaged black locust in Salt Lake
County and many trees at Bountiful, Davis County. (Knowlton, Rogers).

EUROPEAN ELM SCALE (Gossyparia spuria) - COLORADO - Heavy on elms and nymphs
active in Las Animas, Bent County. (Hantsbarger). NEVADA - Heavy on elms;
honeydew heavy on and beneath trees in southern Washoe County. (Bechtel).
OHIO - Severe on a large elm in Canton, Stark County. (Treece).

COCCIDS - DELAWARE - Lecanium cerasorum (calico scale) fairly common on small
Chinese elm in New Castle County. Crawlers of Unaspis euonymi (euonymus scale)
on euonymus in same county. (MacCreary). FLORIDA - All stages of Howardia
biclavis (mining scale) scattered but severely damaging stem of dwarf variegated
ligustrum (Ligustrum sinense) in nursery at Miami, Dade County, May 19.
(Herrmann). ALABAMA - Heavy infestation of Icerya purchasi (cottony-cushion
scale) on ornamental shade trees locally in Tuscaloosa County. (Holstun). Heavy
localized infestation of Pulvinaria innumerabilis (cottony maple scale) on maples
in Fayette County. (Pitts). MICHIGAN - First crawler activity of U. euonymi

at Lansing on May 26. Peak crawler emergence expected in a week. (Dowdy).
CALIFORNIA —- Locally heavy populations of Toumeyella pinicola on pine twigs in
Hollister, San Benito County. Heavy concentrations of Aonidiella aurantii
(California red scale) and Aspidiotus hederae (oleander scale) in Yuba City,
Sutter County. (Cal. Coop. Rpt.).

ELM SAWFLY (Cimbex americana) - OKLAHOMA - Moderate to heavy numbers defoliating
American elms in Walters area of Cotton County. (killa Coop. sure).

= 583) =

ELM LEAF MINER (Fenusa ulmi) - NEW YORK - Hatched; mines developing, largest
about 0.25 inch in diameter on May 24. (N.Y. Wkly. Rpt.). MARYLAND - Mines
conspicuous on American elms in Carrollton, Prince Georges County. (U. Md.,
Ent. Dept.). IOWA - Present in one percent of elm leaves at Ames, Story County.
(Iowa Ins. Inf., May 24).

BIRCH LEAF MINER (Fenusa pusilla) - VERMONT - Injury noticeable on birches in
all areas. (MacCollom, May 24). NEW YORK - Adults laying eggs in Mecklenburg
area; eggs hatching in Geneva area May 22; mines noted May 13 at Hyde Park;
leaving mines in cages May 21. (N.Y. Wkly. Rpt.). RHODE ISLAND - Mines
noticeable statewide. (Mathewson). OHIO - Reported causing birch clumps to be
unsightly in Wooster, Wayne County. (Rings).

MAPLE PETIOLE BORER (Caulocampus acericaulis) - OHIO - Caused leaf-littered
lawns in Ashland County near Loudonville Also noted in Wayne County near
Orrville. Defoliation ranged 5-20 percent. Activity reported from Alliance

and Massillon in Stark County. (Barry, Rings). MASSACHUSETTS - Active; injured
leaves dropping. (Becker).

MAPLE BLADDER-GALL MITE (Vasates quadripedes) - VERMONT - Active; damage evident
on many silver maple trees. (MacCollom, May 24). RHODE ISLAND - Galls noticeable
and causing homeowner concern statewide. (Mathewson, Veilleux). MARYLAND -

Galls conspicuous on silver maples in Prince Georges and St. Marys Counties.

(U. Md., Ent. Dept.). NORTH CAROLINA - On maples in Buncombe, Orange and Iredell
Counties. (Robertson). OHIO - Infested maple leaf specimens reported from
Homeworth, Columbiana County. (Delaplane).

FLATID PLANTHOPPERS - ALABAMA - Heavy number of nymphs of Metcalfa pruinosa on
young growth of many kinds of shrubs in Covington, Lee, Elmore and other counties,
Extensive damage. (Stephenson, Hawsey, et al.). FLORIDA - Adult of M. pruinosa
on viburnum at Gainesville. (Dekle, Merkle, Barbot). Ormenaria rufifascia
averaged 2-3 adults and 2-3 nymphs per frond of Washington palm (Washingtonia
robusta) at Gainesville, Alachua County (Mead); also infesting Sabal palmetto

at Holly Hill, Volusia County (Pott).

MEADOW SPITTLEBUG (Philaenus spumarius) - MARYLAND - Spittle masses on rose and
forsythia in Harford and Prince Georges Counties. (U. Md., Ent. Dept.).

FOUR-LINED PLANT BUG (Poecilocapsus lineatus) - MASSACHUSETTS - First injury of
season on forsythia and mockorange, (Shaw). OHIO - Infesting chrysanthemums in
Hillsboro, Highland County. (Jones).

OYSTERSHELL SCALE (Lepidosaphes ulmi) - CONNECTICUT - Overwintering eggs hatched
May 23, crawlers active. (Savos). WYOMING - Very numerous on ash, lilac and
cotoneaster at Casper, Natrona County. ScaleS in egg stage. (Robb). NEBRASKA -
Eggs hatching in southeast. (Rhine). COLORADO - Crawlers on lilacs; numerous
eggs still to hatch at Fort Collins, Larimer County. (Jenkins). UTAH - Killing
branches of willow and ash trees at Vernal, Uintah County. (Knowlton).

WHITEFLIES - CONNECTICUT - Undetermined species found on mountain laurel at
Hamden and Guilford, (Savos, May 29). RHODE ISLAND - Pealius azaleae (azalea
whitefly) adults active on azalea in Kingston, Washington County. (Mathewson) .

THRIPS - MARYLAND - On rose buds in College Park area, Prince Georges County.

(U. Md., Ent. Dept.). SOUTH CAROLINA - First seasonal damage to rose blooms in
Seneca, Oconee County. (Nettles, May 24). GEORGIA - Moderate infestations on
rose in Monroe County. (Self). Moderate on new growth of magnolia in Spalding
County. (Tippins). ALABAMA - Adults moving in great numbers to rose gardens
from pines and other vegetation. Petals of buds and blooms distorted and ruined.
Large numbers noted daily even after controls applied. (Jones, Keeble,et al.).

MITES — RHODE ISLAND - Oligonychus ilicis (southern red mite) extremely heavy on
Ilex convexa in Kingston, Washington County. (Mathewson). MARYLAND - Tetranychus
Sp. heavy on roses locally in Bethesda, Montgomery County. (U. Md., Ent. Dept.).

— 584 -

SOUTH CAROLINA - Isolated infestations of spider mites in the Piedmont, on
camellias in Oconee County and on gardenias in Spartanburg County. (Peterson).
IOWA - Spider mites abundant on evergreens in all sections. (Iowa Ins. Inf.,
May 24). OKLAHOMA - Tetranychus spp. moderate on shrubs in Washington and
Cleveland Counties and on juniper: in Pushmataha County. (Okla. Coop. Sur.).
MONTANA - Undetermined species on spruce in Glasgow, Billings and Helena,
Eriophyid mites heavy on mountain ash in Missoula. (Pratt, May 25).

A VINE BORER (Melittia gloriosa) - CALIFORNIA - Medium populations on Cucurbita
palmata in Bard, Imperial County. (Cal (Coop Rpit.)

YUCCA MOTH (Tegeticula yuccasella) - TEXAS - Heavy local populations in Refugio
County. (Bredthauer) .

WESTERN TUSSOCK MOTH (Hemerocampa vetusta) - NEVADA - Early instars on bitterbrush
(Purshia tridentata) in Galena Creek-Steamboat area and Washoe Valley, Washoe
County and Carson City, Ormsby County. (Bechtel, Callahan, Gardella).

INSECTS AFFECTING MAN AND ANIMALS

MOSQUITOES - TEXAS - Culex salinarius, most numerous species in Jefferson County
during March, decreased in April. Culiseta inornata was collected the first

few days of April while Mansonia perturbans was taken in traps at Port Arthur
and south Beaumont during the month. This is one of earliest records for adult
Mansonia in the area. Aedes sollicitans (salt-marsh mosquito) was found through-
out the county during April while A. vexans was taken in Beaumont in considerable
numbers at times throughout the month. Considerable flights of Psorophora
confinnis and P, ciliata occurred in north Beaumont. (Jefferson Co. Mosq.

Comm., Thompson). Populations of unidentified species light to heavy in central,
north central, east and gulf coast areas. (Texas Coop. Rpt.). OKLAHOMA - Adults
of Aedes spp. numerous in Noble County. Unspecified adults moderate in Bryan
and Washington Counties. (Okla. Coop. Sur.). UTAH - Some mosquito annoyance in
areas of Tooele County. (Knowlton, Biggs). NORTH DAKOTA - A. dorsalis averaged
3-28 per dip in roadside pools in Cass County; A. vexans larvae also noted.
(Noetzel). WISCONSIN - Fairly heavy populations of undetermined species appar-
ently over most of State. Counties reporting heaviest activity were Rusk,
Forest, Lincoln, Juneau, Jackson, Buffalo, Wood, Shawano, Sauk, Richland,
Washburn, Oconto and Iowa. Annoyance to cattle reported in Grant, La Crosse,
Manitowoc, Price, Sheboygan and Trempealeau Counties. (Wis. Ins. Sur.).

MICHIGAN - Extremely large population of adult Aedes spp. continues over a high
percentage of Lower Michigan. Biting adults very annoying. A high degree of
parasitism by Hydromeris sp. (a nematode parasite) was found. Individual
mosquitoes affected had a greatly shortened life span. (Schroder, Newman).

IOWA - Aedes stimulans, A. sticticus (floodwater mosquito) and A, fitchii biting
viciously in wooded areas. Towa Ins. Inf., May 24). VERMONT = Various species
extremely annoying in all areas. (MacCollom, May 24). RHODE ISLAND - Aedes sp.
at Mooresfield, Washington County, reported in CEIR 15(22):554 determined as

A. canadensis, Unidentified species causing complaints in Glocester, Providence
County, May 26. (King, Mathewson). FLORIDA - Although light trap collections
over State generally had few females of A. taeniorhynchus, Everglades City,
Collier County, had 2,352 and 1,000 females on May 7 and 11, respectively. (Fla.
St. Bd. Health).

HORN FLY (Haematobia irritans) - OKLAHOMA - Increasing in most areas. Moderate
to heavy on cattle in Garvin, Bryan, Stephens, Comanche, Cleveland and Noble
Counties; light in Murray and Mayes Counties. (Okla. Coop. Sur.). ARKANSAS -
Numbers high and above average in most areas of State. (Boyer). IOWA - Ranged
0-15 per head on beef and dairy cattle in Davis County May 20. (Iowa Ins. Inf.).
ALABAMA - Flies very numerous and severe on cattle in Coosa and Cleburne Counties.
(Sessions, Ventress). GEORGIA - Average of 170 per animal:on 6 untreated herds
of Herford cattle in Spalding County. (Roberts). MICHIGAN - In low numbers on
cattle in Lower Peninsula during May. (Dowdy).

= 585 =

TABANIDS - OKLAHOMA - Numbers of Tabanus spp. light on cattle in Noble County.
(Okla. Coop. Sur.). FLORIDA - Diachlorus ferrugatus very light during past-two
weeks. (Mead). NORTH CAROLINA - Several species of deer flies abundant and
biting in Carteret County. Annoying in Brunswick County. (Ashton). MARYLAND -
Chrysops spp. very annoying to man in sections of Prince Georges and Somerset
Counties. (U. Md., Ent. Dept.).

BITING MIDGES - UTAH - Ceratopogonids very troublesome in several areas of
Tooele County. (Biggs, Knowlton). Serious in parts of Salt Lake, Box Elder,
Juab, Tooele and Millard Counties. (Knowlton).

BLACK FLIES - VERMONT - Unspecified species continue heavy. (MacCollom, May 24).
FACE FLY (Musca autumnalis) - IOWA - None noted on beef and dairy cattle checked

in Davis County May 20. (Iowa Ins. Inf.). MICHIGAN - In low numers on cattle
in Lower Peninsula during May. (Dowdy) .

CATTLE GRUBS (Hypoderma spp.) - UTAH - Adults annoying cattle in Weber.and Davis
Counties. (Stenquist, Knowlton).

CATTLE LICE - UTAH - Still annoying to some beef herds in Weber County. Animals
rubbing. (Knowlton). OKLAHOMA - Population remains heavy on cattle in Noble
County. (Okla. Coop. Sur.).

FLEAS - ALABAMA - Numerous calls about fleas in lawns and about homes in Fayette
County. (Pitts). NEVADA - Light infestation of Ctenocephalides felis (cat flea)
locally in North Las Vegas, Clark County. (Beckmyer). MARYLAND - Undetermined
species locally at Seat Pleasant, Prince Georges County. (U. Md., Ent. Dept.).

AMERICAN DOG TICK (Dermacentor variabilis) - WISCONSIN - Reports from Forest,
Bayfield, Rusk, Juneau, Lincoln, Jackson, Buffalo, Ashland and Washburn Counties
indicate pest is again serious in woodsand grassy areas. (Wis. Ins. Sur.).
MARYLAND - Active locally in Hyattsville, Prince:Georges County. (U. Md., Ent.
Dept.).

TICKS -— NEW HAMPSHIRE - First report of ticks on dog and child on May 10 at
Northwood. (Conklin). CALIFORNIA - Dermacentor occidentalis (Pacific Coast

tick) infesting humans in Ukiah, Mendocino County. (Co. Health Dept.). OKLAHOMA -
Amblyomma americanum (lone star tick) moderate on cattle and horses in Cherokee
County. (Okla. Coop. Sur.).

HOUSEHOLD AND STRUCTURAL INSECTS

CLOVER MITE (Bryobia praetiosa) - NEW HAMPSHIRE - Entering homes on May 11 at
Durham. (Conklin). VERMONT - Annoying to householders; many inquiries made,
(MacCollom, May 24). MARYLAND - Mites in home in Baltimore, May 24. (U. Md.,
Ent. Dept.). UTAH - Entering homes at Logan, Cache County, Tooele-Grantsville
area of Tooele County and Ogden, Weber County. (Knowlton). NEVADA - Continues

to enter homes in Reno, Washoe County. (Murden). CALIFORNIA - Invading residence
in heavy populations in Santa Cruz, Santa Cruz County. Fewer instances of this
species entering homes than in previous years. May occur later. (Cal. Coop.
Rpt.).

COCKROACHES - MARYLAND - Blatta orientalis heavy on property in Silver Spring,
Montgomery County. (U. Md., Ent. Dept.). NORTH CAROLINA - B. orientalis noted
locally in Rowan County. (Falter). IOWA - Parcoblatta spp. serious earlier in
year than usual. (Iowa Ins. Inf., May 24). UTAH - Undetermined species infesting
a number of homes and other buildings in Tooele-Grantsville area of Tooele County.
(Biggs, Knowlton).

SILVERFISH - VERMONT - Unspecified species of concern to many householders,
(MacCollom, May 24).

- 586 =

WASPS - VERMONT - Unspecified species annoying to many homeowners. (MacCollom,
May 24).

TERMITES - MICHIGAN - Winged adults of Reticulitermes sp. swarming locally in
Freeport, Barry County, May 16. (Verhake). UTAH - Subterranean termites in
homes and buildings in Ogden area of Weber County. (Stenquist, Knowlton).

MILLIPEDS - GEORGIA - Heavy in and around homes in several areas of State.
(Dupree et al.). CONNECTICUT - Found in cellars in Hamden and New London.
(Savos, May 29).

STORED-PRODUCT INSECTS

LARDER BEETLE (Dermestes lardarius) - NORTH CAROLINA - Infesting a meat curing
house in Haywood County, May 17. (Holloway, Jones). IOWA - In homes in Grundy
County. (Iowa Ins, Inf., May 24).

A DERMESTID BEETLE (Trogoderma sp.) - MICHIGAN - Larval damage to stored shelled
corn in Gratiot County. (Lowery).

BLACK CARPET BEETLE (Attagenus piceus) - IOWA - Adults and larvae found in feed
elevator in southeast section. (Iowa Ins. Inf., May 24).

BENEFICIAL INSECTS

LADY BEETLES - ARKANSAS - Hippodamia convergens (convergent lady beetle) and other
species nearly zero in alfalfa in northwest section. Prey also low. (Ark. Ins.
Sur.). OHIO - Large numbers of larvae and adults in alfalfa in west central
section, Larvae averaged 1-3 per 10 sweeps. H. convergens and Coleomegilla
maculata most common adults. Adalia bipunctata (two-spotted lady beetle) and

H. parenthesis adults also taken. Det. by G. Angalet. (Rose). NEBRASKA -
Populations high in alfalfa in eastern section. (Rhine). WYOMING - Adults
averaged 25 per 100 sweeps in alfalfa in Big Horn, Washakie, Hot Springs and
Fremont Counties. (Marks). ARIZONA - Large numbers present in alfalfa in Apache
County in area east of Snowflake (Navajo County). H. parenthesis dominant
species. (Ariz. Coop. Sur.). s

DAMSEL BUGS (Nabis spp.) - WYOMING - Adults averaged 20 per 100 sweeps in alfalfa
in Big Horn, Washakie, Hot Springs and Fremont Counties. (Marks) .

GREEN LACEWINGS (Chrysopa spp.) - INDIANA - Larvae averaged 2 per 10 sweeps in
alfalfa in west central section. (Huber). ARKANSAS - Adults and larvae extremely
abundant in eastern section, (Rhine).

AN ICHNEUMON (Biolysia tristis) - ILLINOIS - This parasite of Hypera punctata
(clover leaf weevil) found for first time in Vermilion County. (Ill. Ins. Rpt.).

PREDATORS - WASHINGTON - Braconids, lady beetles, damsel bugs, green lacewings,
anthocorid bugs, big-eyed bugs and syrphid flies averaged 1-3 per 100 sweeps on
seed and forage alfalfa. Damsel bugs and syrphid flies most common. Praon
simulans (a braconid) 4 per 100 sweeps. (Halfhill). UTAH - Syrphid fly larvae
and lady beetle larvae and adults numerous on aphid-infested snowball bushes
and boxelder trees at Fillmore and Holden, Millard County. (Knowlton).

MISCELLANEOUS INSECTS

CARPENTER BEE (Xylocopa virginica) - PENNSYLVANIA - Adults numerous in south-
central area. (Gesell).

—- 587 -

A CUBAN MAY BEETLE (Phyllophaga bruneri) - FLORIDA - Adults taken in Japanese
beetle trap at Sweetwater, Dade County. (Bell, May 18).

SALT-MARSH CATERPILLAR (Estigmene acrea) - DELAWARE - First adult of season
collected in blacklight trap in Sussex County, May 20. (Burbutis).

A GNAT (Scatopse sp.) - CALIFORNIA - Adults heavy locally; emerging from decaying
English walnut Shells in Lodi, San Joaquin County. (Cal. Coop. Rpt.).

A SNAIL (Otala lactea) - CALIFORNIA - Light on weeds in vacant lot in San Pedro,
Los Angeles County, and locally in Berkeley, Alameda County. Alameda County is a
new county record. (Cal. Coop. Rpt.).

AN ANT (Prenolepis imparis) - DELAWARE - Collected in backyard at Newport, New
Castle County, May 25. Reported for first time from State. Det. D. F. Bray.
(Burbutis) .

CORRECTIONS

CEEIR 15(5):67 - AN AVOCADO SEED WEEVIL (Conotrachelus aquacatae) should read
(Conotrachelus aguacatae).

CEIR 15(22):545 - STRIPED CUCUMBER BEETLE (Acalymma vittata) should read Acalymma
vittatum.

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- 590 -

STATUS OF THE SCREW-WORM (Cochliomyia hominivorax) IN THE SOUTHWEST

ARIZONA and CALIFORNIA are now included in the Southwestern Eradication Area. During

the period May 23 - 29, a total of 34 cases was reported in the area as follows by
county: TEXAS - Zavala 1, Atascosa 1, Medina 6, Val Verde 2, Dimmit 1, Uvalde 3, Webb 1,
Jim Hogg 1, Maverick 1, Frio 2, Presidio 1, Kinney 1; ARIZONA - Cochise 5, Pima 2, Graham
1, Santa Cruz 2; NEW MEXICO - Hidalgo 2, Luna 1. The Republic of Mexico reported 145
cases: Sonora 77, Chihuahua 15, Nuevo Leon 1, Coahuila 4, Tamaulipas 2, Baja California
3, San Luis Potosi 3, Durango 19, Veracruz 19 and Territory Baja California Sur 2.
Sterile screw-worm flies released: Texas 12,414,650, Arizona 6,848,000, New Mexico
1,280,000, the Republic of Mexico 119,920,000.

A Ratio of Positive Cases
Positive Cases Negative Cases to 100 Cases Negative

Year Current Cumulative Current Cumulative Current Cumulative

Table 1. Comparison of specimens reported during corresponding weeks in 1963 and
1964 in Southwestern Eradication Area, (1965 area figures include cases
reported from Arizona and/or California; 1964 figures reflect those from
the 5-State area).

1963 154 1,170 213 3,238 72.30 36.13

1964 Ul 71 168 3,229 4.16 2.19

1965 34 84 214 2,342 15.89 3.58

Table 2, Comparison of specimens reported during corresponding weeks and in a
corresponding area in 1964 in the United States-Mexico Barrier Zone. *

1964 61 481 62 732 98.38 65.71

1965 124 1,425 54 861 229.62 165.50

Table 2A, Mexican portion of Barrier Zone only.

1964 61 443 31 221 196.77 200.45
1965 99 1,333 30 457 330.00 291.68

* Barrier Zone - Area in which screw-worm eradication operations are being carried
out in an effort to prevent establishment of self-sustaining screw-worm popula-
tion in the United States. (Anim. Dis. Erad. Div.).

1
%

Figures - Number of cases reported %
in infested counties for 2

period May 23 - 29

Wuonguenctoeit,inear drop along river
valleys

= 591 -

ESTIMATED LOSSES AND PRODUCTION COSTS ATTRIBUTED TO INSECTS AND RELATED ARTHROPODS

ATTACKING Cotton IN Arkansas DURING 1964
— (Ceimmeckhay) ————— State or District) ~ (Year) —
A. Pest or pest complex: Bollworm, boll weevil, thrips, mites, cutworms
B. Number of acres 4 produced (From CRS) No. 1,242,000
C. Average yield per acre 2 (From CRS) Units/ 611 1b. lint
D. Price? per unit ( pound )© (From CRS) $/ 0.307
E. Acres 4 needing control No. 750,000
F. Acres a treated No. 745 ,200
G. Reduction due to not treating where needed:
H. Loss in yield, percent % 14.7
I. Loss in yield, units per acre 7, Cx H Units/ gO 1b.
J. Loss in yield, $ per acre * Dx I $/ 27.63
K. Loss in quality, $ per occa © $/ aoe
L. Yield loss for all acres a. (E-F) x I Units 432,000 1b. lint
M. Control cost, $ per acre a $/ 8.80
N. Control cost for all acres ae FxM $ 6,557,760
0. Yield loss for all acres a (E-F) x J $ 132,624
P. Quality loss for all _ ---- a (E-F) x K $ aoe
Q. Combined control cost and losses, N+0O+P $ 6,690, 384

R. Percent loss due to each insect in the complex: Bollworm - 55; boll weevil - 36; thrips 3.3;
mites - 3.1; cutworms - 1.6; aphids - 0.6; plant bugs 0.4; miscellaneous 0.2.

Comment: Seed loss $7,724; cost of scouting $125,000 should be added making a total of $6,823,108.
Some acreage was treated that did not need treating. This acreage no doubt exceeded the acreage need-
ing treatment but was not treated. A reduction in yield could result from treating when not needed
by building up bollworn.
Percent of acreage treated for the various pests differs from above figures which were calculated
on a weighted basis considering the numbers of applications made for control of the various pests.

a. Acres, head of cattle or other producing units used by Crop Reporting Service.

b. Season average price per unit as given by CRS (describe basis).

c. Bushels, boxes, tons or other marketing units used by CRS; show which in sys

Submitted by W. P. Boyer

Date February 25, 1965

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TATES DEPARTMENT

AGRICULTURAL RESEARCH SERVICE

PLANT PEST CONTROL DIVISION

SURVEY AND DETECTION OPERATIONS

The Cooperative Economic Insect Report is issued
weekly as a service to American Agriculture. Its contents
are compiled from information supplied by cooperating State,
Federal, and industrial entomologists and other agricultural
workers. In releasing this material the Division serves as
a clearing house and doesrot assume responsibility for ac-
curacy of the material.

All correspondence pertaining to additions, dele-
tions and changes of addresses for the mailing
list for this report should be sent to:

Service Operations Division
Office of Plant and Operations
United States Department of Agriculture
Washington, D. C. 20250

Reports and inquiries pertaining to this release
should be mailed to:

Survey and Detection Operations
Plant Pest Control Division
Agricultural Research Service
United States Department of Agriculture
Federal Center Building
Hyattsville, Maryland 20781

Volume 15 June 11, 1965 Number 24
COOPERATIVE ECONOMIC INSECT REPORT
HIGHLIGHTS:

ALFALFA WEEVIL continues serious in alfalfa. Activity increasing in Colorado,
Wyoming and New York; populations heavy in Nevada, Nebraska, South Dakota and
Rhode Island, and heavier than several years in Utah; found for first time in
total of 19 counties in Arkansas, Indiana, Nebraska, New Hampshire, Ohio and
Vermont. (pp. 595, 596, 624, 625). BEAN LEAF BEETLE damaging soybeans in
Missouri and Maryland; alfalfa in Missouri damaged by ASH-GRAY BLISTER BEETLE.

(p. 596). PEA APHID continues to build up on alfalfa in Colorado; ranged moderate
to heavy on alfalfa and vetch in Oklahoma. Predation by LADY BEETLES evident in
Colorado, and other predators exerting control on pea aphid in Nevada, Utah and
Wisconsin. (pp. 596-597). MEADOW SPITTLEBUG abundant on alfalfa in east central
and southeast Indiana and nymphal populations very high on this crop in central
and southwest Michigan. THREE-CORNERED ALFALFA HOPPER adults increasing on
alfalfa in Arizona, POTATO LEAFHOPPER increasing on alfalfa in Missouri and
yellowing alfalfa in Wisconsin, and a LEAFHOPPER (Empoasca mexara) continues to
increase on alfalfa in Arizona with migration to adjacent melons a possible hazard
if buildup continues. (p. 598).

@
ARMYWORM larvae present in outbreak numbers on small grains, corn and pastures at
many locations on Eastern Shore of Maryland; reported moving into corn in central
Missouri and potential problem exists in Wisconsin. CORN EARWORM damaging corn‘in
Oklahoma and North Carolina. CUTWORMS damaging corn and other crops in several
States, with BLACK CUTWORM major threat to corn in Iowa and necessitating controls
in localized areas throughout central Indiana. (pp. 599, 600). EUROPEAN CORN
BORER pupation 100 percent in Nebraska and moths emerging in several other corn-
producing States. (p. 600). SOUTHERN CORN ROOTWORM injury to corn necessitated
some replanting in Indiana; egg laying underway in South Dakota. (p. 601).
Threatening GRASSHOPPER populations present on rangeland areas in Oklahoma and
on rangeland in California; RED-LEGGED GRASSHOPPER nymphs appeared in alfalfa in
Wisconsin. (pp. 602, 603). An ARMORED SCALE (Odonaspis ruthae) very heavy on
Bermuda grass lawns in areas of Arizona. (p. 604).

EUROPEAN RED MITE number one problem on apples in Maryland and difficult to
control. (p. 604). CODLING MOTH main concern on fruit in Missouri and moths
taken in blacklight trap in Michigan. PLUM CURCULIO damage very noticeable in
Connecticut. BLACK CHERRY APHID heavy on cherry in Rhode Island and Nevada.

(p. 605). On Florida citrus, TEXAS CITRUS MITE at record high for May; GLOVER
SCALE and YELLOW SCALE more numerous than at any time in 15 years of record;
MEALYBUGS expected to approach record high of June 1964. (p. 606). BEAN LEAF
BEETLE damaging beans in Maryland, Georgia and Oklahoma. ASPARAGUS BEETLES
(Crioceris spp.) heavier than in 1964 in Kent County, Rhode Island. Several
other pests of importance on various vegetable crops. (pp. 607-610).

BOLL WEEVIL adults numerous on young cotton in areas of South Carolina, and large
numbers of BOLLWORM eggs being deposited on cotton in Alabama. (p. 611).

BLACK HILLS BEETLE outbreak on Medicine Bow National Forest in Wyoming; this is
first activity in area since outbreak of 1932-1939 at which time 400,000 trees

were killed. (p. 614). CANKERWORMS heavy in Rhode Island and New Jersey and
defoliation noticeable in areas of Wisconsin. ELM LEAF BEETLE damaging elms in
South Carolina, Oklahoma, New Mexico and Nevada. Oviposition damage by PERIODICAL
CICADAS (Magicicada spp.) heavy in Ohio. APHIDS troublesome on various ornamentals
in many areas. (pp. 616, 619). MOSQUITOES annoying in several areas. (p. 621).
TICK PARALYSIS reported from California. (p. 622). First JAPANESE BEETLES of
season collected in North and South Carolina. (p. 624).

ADDITIONAL NOTES —- See pages 624 and 625

—- 994 —-

DETECTION

SMALLER EUROPEAN ELM BARK BEETLE (Scolytus multistriatus) reported for first time
in Georgia. (p. 617). New county records included: ALFALFA WEEVIL (Hypera
postica) in Cheshire County, New Hampshire; Chittenden County, Vermont; Wyandot,
Crawford, Seneca, Sandusky, Summit, Cuyahoga, Geauga, Lake, Ashtabula and Trumbull
Counties, Ohio; Rush, Franklin and Decatur Counties, Indiana; Pulaski, Faulkner
and Conway Counties, Arkansas;.and Dawson County, Nebraska. (pp. 595, 596).
CRESCENT-MARKED LILY APHID (Neomyzus circumflexus) in San Luis Obispo County,
California. (p. 619). A TREEHOPPER (Umbonia crassicornis) in Volusia County,
Florida. (p. 620). IMPORTED FIRE ANT (Solenopsis saevissima richteri) in

Chicot County, Arkansas. (p. 624).

SPECIAL REPORTS

Status of the Screw-worm in the Southwest. (p. 628).

Reports in this issue are for week ending June 4, unless otherwise indicated.

DK I I IK AC 2 fe 2c 2k ic 2 ek 2 2 2

WEATHER OF THE WEEK ENDING JUNE 7

HIGHLIGHTS: (1) Little rain west of Rockies; spotty rains east; many local down-
pours, Great Plains. (2) Drought eased, eastern Colorado plains. (3) Drought
continued, New England area and in Florida.

TEMPERATURES: Weekly average temperatures were mostly near normal this week,

but there were significant changes from the week previous, thus it was warmer
from the Cascades to the Appalachian chain, with the Dakotas, Minnesota, and

Iowa Showing a warming of 10° to 14°. Gradual warming brought afternoon tempera-
tures to the middle 80's over the Dakotas and in the lower 90's in a band from
southern Arizona to the Carolinas. By Sunday, temperatures had reached the
middle or upper 80's from Lower Michigan to New England while Montana was much
cooler.

PRECIPITATION: Most areas west of the Rockies received little or no rain.

Oregon's rainfall deficiency which began in February has produced one of the
driest springs on record. Rainfall east of the Rockies was unevenly distributed.
Variable showers came to Florida and the Northeast, but did not overcome earlier
deficiencies. The drought in eastern Colorado was relieved by rain late in the
week. Texas reported rain of 1 to 4 inches along the upper coast but none in
parts of the lower Rio Grande Valley. Spots in Kansas, especially near Topeka,
received 6 to 9 inches. Some stations in Minnesota, Missouri, Illinois, and near-
by sections reported 4 inches, while nearby areas had less than 3/4 inch.

Corn Belt States had cloudy, cool days but warm nights and rather humid conditions.
Many areas in the East and South received beneficial showers, but other wide

areas were missed. Arkansas and Louisiana received light showers while Mississippi
ranged from a trace to 3.5 inches. Scattered, locally severe storms with large
hail, gusty winds, and a few tornadoes occurred from the Dakotas and Wisconsin
southward to the gulf area. (Summary supplied by U.S. Weather Bureau).

- 595 -

CEREAL AND FORAGE INSECTS

ALFALFA WEEVIL (Hypera postica) - NEVADA - Larval numbers continue heavy in
Churchill, Douglas, Lyon, Pershing and Washoe Counties; up to 200 per sweep in
some fields. Many fields treated, but unfavorable weather delayed treatment in
other fields and resulted in increased damage. (Arnett et al.). First larvae
noted in Elko County. (Menke). UTAH - Larval populations higher than for number
of years at Delta, Millard County; ranged 1-7 adults and 38-85 larvae per 10
sweeps; lower at Lynndyl. Generally low to moderate on alfalfa in Paragonah-
Cedar City and Beryl-north Enterprise areas of Iron County. Damage now apparent
in Manti-Ephraim fields, Gunnison Valley and elsewhere in Sanpete County. Counts
of 14 to over 3,000 larvae and 5-12 adults in 10 sweeps. (Knowlton). COLORADO -
Increases evident on alfalfa in Mesa County; ranged 200-350 per 100 sweeps at
Orchard Mesa Experiment Station where fields burned earlier in season. Parasi-
tized larvae ranged 20-30 percent in heavily infested fields. First cutting
underway in Mesa and Delta Counties. (Bulla). Larval counts high in some Weld
County fields; ranged 700-4,000 per 100 sweeps. Three releases of Tetrastichus
incertus (a eulophid) made in Weld and Larimer Counties. (Gilmore, Simpson).
WYOMING -- Activity increasing rapidly in alfalfa in north central and northeast
areas. Counts per 100 sweeps by county ranged or averaged as follows: Johnson,
156 adults, no larvae; Sheridan, 95-130 adults, no larvae; Campbell, Crook,
Weston and Niobrara, 60-85 adults, no larvae; Converse, 75 adults in untreated
fields and 5-20 adults in treated fields, with no larvae taken. Ranged 90-120
adults and 85-100 larvae per 100 sweeps in Platte County. (Marks). SOUTH DAKOTA -
Large numbers present in alfalfa in areas of Spearfish, Lawrence County, and
Belle Fourche, Butte County. Averaged 75 adults and 150 first and second-instar
larvae per 100 sweeps. Damage evident. Alfalfa 8-18 inches in height and showing
good growth. (Jones). NEBRASKA - Populations high in some areas. Found for
first time in Dawson County. Larval counts per 100 sweeps by county as follows:
Dundy, 0-34 (average 6); Keith, 50-518 (average 165). Cutting underway.

Averaged 6 larvae per 250 sweeps in Dawson County. (Manglitz).

ARKANSAS - Collected for first time in Pulaski, Faulkner and Conway Counties
June 1-2; numbers low. Only adults found; collections as follows: Pulaski Ly
Faulkner 2, Conway 1. Two hundred sweeps of 15-inch net made in each county.
None collected in 200 sweeps in field in Crawford County. Marion and Conway
Counties are the same latitude and apparently represent present western limit of
movement. Marion County first reported in CEIR 15(21):499. (Ark. Ins. Sur.).
ALABAMA - H. postica, H. nigrirostris (lesser clover leaf weevil) and H. meles
(clover head weevil) adults numerous on native clovers and other vegetation along
roadsides in Clay County. (Barwood). ILLINOIS - Larvae ranged 4-9 per 100
sweeps in regrowth alfalfa in Hardin, Pope, Johnson and Massac Counties; none
found on first-crop alfalfa on same date in De Witt, Piatt, Logan and Sangamon
Counties, central area, (Dysart, Lusk). INDIANA - Found for first time in Rush,
Franklin and Decatur Counties. (Huber). Adults averaged 3.5 per square foot in
Harrison County alfalfa. (Matthew). Adult feeding retarding second growth in
Floyd and Harrison Counties. (Matthew, Saugstad). OHIO - Detected in 10 new
counties as follows: Wyandot, Crawford, Seneca, Sandusky, Summit, Cuyahoga,
Geauga, Lake, Ashtabula and Trumbull. This makes 26 counties found infested in
1965; in some areas survey indicates westward movement of 60 miles. Collection
data for specific fields in these counties as follows: Trumbull, 16 larvae and
one adult per sweep; Geauga and Ashtabula, 3-4 larvae per sweep; Cuyahoga and
Summit, approximately 14 larvae in 50 sweeps; Wyandot, 4 larvae for 50 sweeps;
Lake and Crawford, 2 larvae per 30 sweeps; Seneca and Sandusky, 3-5 larvae in 130
sweeps. None found in Ottawa and Wood Counties. Collections represent specific
fields; not considered representative of entire counties. (Rose). Presence in
Summit County verified May 29. (George, Blair). Instance of feeding on red
clover after destruction of alfalfa observed in mixed field in Noble County

May 14, (Stephen). PENNSYLVANIA - Adults present in southern half of State;
present on ground in some instances, Minor feeding damage noted on second-cutting
alfalfa; stubble spray required in many fields to prevent damage to buds. (Udine).
MARYLAND - Adults averaged 15 per 10 sweeps on second-growth alfalfa at Mardela,

- 596 -

Wicomico County. (U. Md., Ent. Dept.). NEW YORK - Numbers and damage increasing;
number of fields in Dutchess and Orange Counties 100 percent damaged. Larvae
ranged 40-50 per sweep in few fields in Tioga County; fields should be cut or
treated to prevent loss of crop. (N.Y. Wkly. Rpt., June 1). RHODE ISLAND -
Heavy wherever alfalfa is grown in State; growers plan to cut and spray.
(Mathewson, Kerr, King, Peabody). NEW HAMPSHIRE - New in Cheshire County; larvae
ranged 8-24 and adults averaged 14 per 100 sweeps. Damage appearing on terminals.
(Sutherland, May 28). VERMONT - New in Chittenden County. Larvae ranged 2-3

per sweep in areas of previous infestation (1964) in vicinity of Monkton. Very
little damage evident to June 1. (MacCollom).

CLOVER LEAF WEEVIL (Hypera punctata) - OHIO - Averaged about one larva per 10
sweeps in 2 fields in Wood County. This apparently about maximum concentration
in alfalfa throughout State. (Rose).

CLOVER ROOT CURCULIO (Sitona hispidula) - IOWA - This species and Hypera punctata
(clover leaf weevil) destroyed stand of red clover in Jefferson County. Winter
injury probably added to loss. (Iowa Ins. Inf., June 1).

SWEETCLOVER WEEVIL (Sitona cylindricollis) - MINNESOTA - Averaged 7 per 100
sweeps in 7 to 10-inch sweetclover in northwest district. (Minn. Ins. Rpt.).

A WEEVIL (Sitona scissifrons) - MINNESOTA - Averaged 45 per 100 sweeps in alfalfa
in east central and central districts. (Minn. Ins. Rpt.).

BEAN LEAF BEETLE (Cerotoma trifurcata) - MISSOURI - Damage reported heavy to soy-
bean plants in Audrain County, but extent of damage not verified. (Houser, Thomas,
Peters). MARYLAND - Adults causing moderate injury to young soybeans in Dorchester
and Wicomico Counties. (U. Md., Ent. Dept.).

ASH-GRAY BLISTER BEETLE (Epicauta fabricii) - MISSOURI - Adults ranged 1-30 per
10 sweeps in alfalfa in east central district; 5-100 percent of plants showed
damage. Also reported in alfalfa in Boone and Morgan Counties. (Houser, Thomas,
Peters).

WHITE-FRINGED BEETLES (Graphognathus spp.) - ALABAMA - Caused considerable damage
to field of peanuts east of Hartford, Geneva County. (Smith).

GREEN CLOVERWORM (Plathypena scabra) - INDIANA - Larvae averaged 3 per 5 sweeps
in east central area alfalfa; averaged 2 per sweep in one field near Homer, Rush
County. (Huber). MINNESOTA - Few larvae noted in some alfalfa in east central
and central districts. (Minn. Ins. Rpt.). ARKANSAS - Ranged 8-10 per 100 sweeps
in alfalfa in Arkansas River Valley. (Ark. Ins. Sur.). OKLAHOMA - Light (0-6
per 10 sweeps) in alfalfa in east central area, but increasing. (Okla. Coop.
Sur.).

GRANULATE CUTWORM (Feltia subterranea) - GEORGIA - Heavy in field of peanuts in
Terrell County. (Locke). ARIZONA — Scattered and damaging on alfalfa and
sorghums in areas of Maricopa County. (Ariz. Coop. Sur.).

ALFALFA CATERPILLAR (Colias eurytheme) - UTAH - Larvae moderate in alfalfa in
northern part of State. (Knowlton). ARKANSAS - Occasional specimens collected
on alfalfa in Arkansas River Valley. (Ark. Ins. Sur.).

PEA APHID (Acyrthosiphon pisum) - NEW YORK - Averaged approximately 1,000 per 100
sweeps in Yates, Ontario and Seneca Counties May 23; not so abundant in Tompkins,
Cayuga and Tioga Counties. (N.Y. Wkly. Rpt.). WISCONSIN - Populations in alfalfa
continued to decrease. Lady beetles, particularly Hippodamia parenthesis, aver-
aged as high as 8 per sweep in some previously threatened fields. A. pisum ranged
3-8 per sweep in most southern area alfalfa. Counts lower in western counties.
(Wis. Ins. Sur.). MINNESOTA - Averaged 900 per 100 sweeps in alfalfa in east
central and central districts. Averaged 100 per 100 sweeps in northwest area.
Yellowing of alfalfa not due to this pest but rather to excessive wet conditions.

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Some frost damage also evident in low spots in fields. Cool weather had retarded
development of aphid predators, primarily lady beetles; averaged 6 per 100 sweeps.
(Minn. Ins. Rpt.). SOUTH DAKOTA - Winged and wingless forms present on alfalfa
in southern Butte County; more than 2,000 per 100 sweeps. (Jones). NEBRASKA -
Populations moderate in south central area; predators active. (Manglitz).
MISSOURI - Counts very low in alfalfa in east central and southeast districts;
5-25 per 10 sweeps. (Houser, Thomas, Peters). ARKANSAS - Ranged 100-200 per 100
sweeps on alfalfa in Arkansas River Valley in central and western areas of State.
(Ark. Ins. Sur.). OKLAHOMA - Moderate to heavy on alfalfa in Bryan, Kingfisher
and Woodward Counties; ranged 0-35 per 10 sweeps in Wagoner, Muskogee, Sequoyah,
Creek, Le Flore, Tulsa and Payne Counties. Moderate to heavy in vetch in King-
fisher County; averaged 8 per 10 sweeps on alfalfa in Tillman County. (Okla.
Coop. Sur.). NEW MEXICO - Light in alfalfa in fields with rank growth and very
light in most seedling alfalfa checked in Dona Ana County. (Mathews). COLORADO -
Buildup on alfalfa continues in Weld County; damage light. Predation by lady
beetles appearing. (Urano, Simpson). Populations remain low to moderate on
alfalfa in Mesa, Garfield, Montrose and Delta Counties. (Bulla). UTAH - Remains
light to moderate on alfalfa inLynndyl-Delta area, Millard County. Counts of
lady beetles, syrphid flies and Nabis alternatus (a damsel bug) increased. Light
to moderate in Holden-Kanosh area, Millard County. Controls applied to 100 acres
of alfalfa in general area of New Castle, Iron County. Light to moderate in
nearby fields and at Beryl. Lady beetle adults and larvae, 2 species of syrphid
fly larvae numerous; Nabis ferus and N. alternatus moderate; Geocoris spp. (big-
eyed bugs) and Orius tristicolor (a flower bug) also noted, (Knowlton), WYOMING -
Counts remain moderate in alfalfa in north central and northeastern counties.
Adults and nymphs per 100 sweeps, by county, as follows: Johnson and Sheridan,
350-500; Campbell, Crook and Weston, 200-375; Niobrara and Converse, 275-350;
Platte, 280-325, (Marks). NEVADA - Populations low on alfalfa in Churchill,
Douglas, Lander, Pershing and Washoe Counties. Parasites and predators numerous,
(Cooney et al.).

SPOTTED ALFALFA APHID (Therioaphis maculata) - WISCONSIN - Populations decreasing
as dispersal continues. More than 80 percent winged or with wing pads. (Wis.
Ins. Sur.). NEBRASKA - Low populations noted in-Keith and Dundy Counties.
(Manglitz). OKLAHOMA - Light in alfalfa checked in Oklahoma, Tulsa, Le Flore

and Payne Counties; ranged 0-7 per 10 sweeps. Averaged 20 per 10 sweeps in
Tillman County. (Okla. Coop. Sur.). COLORADO - None reported on alfalfa to

June 3 in Mesa, Garfield, Montrose or Delta Counties. (Bulla).

TARNISHED PLANT BUG (Lygus lineolaris) - OKLAHOMA - Ranged 1-7 per 10 sweeps on
most alfalfa checked in Wagoner, Muskogee, Sequoyah, Creek, Tulsa, Le Flore,
Payne and Tillman Counties. (Okla. Coop. Sur.). ARKANSAS - Remains rather high
in alfalfa; 100-150 per 100 sweeps. (Ark. Ins. Sur.). FLORIDA - Counts per 100
Sweeps on alfalfa and 50 sweeps on yellow lupine at Gainesville, Alachua County,
One each. (Mead). MICHIGAN - Adults ranged 1-5 per 10 sweeps in alfalfa in
Ingham, Livingston and Shiawassee Counties June 2. (Wooley, Nichols). INDIANA -
All stages common in alfalfa throughout State; ranged 2-5 per sweep in southern
sections. (Huber). OHIO - Averaged 30 adults per 150 sweeps in field of alfalfa
near Little Sandusky, Wyandot County. Nymphs more numerous. (Rose). MARYLAND -
Adults averaged about one per sweep on alfalfa at Mardela, Wicomico County. (U.
Md., Ent. Dept.).

LYGUS BUGS (Lygus spp.) - NEVADA - Nymphs and adults increasing on alfalfa in
Churchill, Douglas, Lyon, Pershing and Washoe Counties; ranged up to 20 per
sweep. (Coop. Rpt.). Averaged less than one adult per sweep in seed alfalfa in
Reece River Valley, Lander County. (Earnist). UTAH - Counts per 10 sweeps ranged
7-10 adults and 11-18 nymphs at Lynndyl and 5-8 adults and 5-15 nymphs at Delta,
Millard County. Populations mostly L. elisus and most numerous in mustard-
infested fields. Numerous at Kanosh, Millard County; population 50 percent

L. elisus, 30 percent L. hesperus, with nymphs numerous, (Knowlton). WYOMING -
Adults and nymphs light to moderate in north central and northeast counties;
ranged 22-55 per 100 sweeps in alfalfa in Johnson, Sheridan, Campbell, Crook,
Weston, Niobrara, Converse and Platte Counties. (Marks). NEW MEXICO - Ranged

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2-8 adults and nymphs per 25 sweeps in alfalfa checked in southern Dona Ana

County (Mathews, Nielsen) and 3-6 in alfalfa near Artesia, Eddy County (Kloepfer).
ARIZONA - Adults and nymphs average 50 per 100 sweeps in alfalfa in Yuma County
and 40 per 100 sweeps in Pinal and Maricopa Counties. (Ariz. Coop. Sur.).

ALFALFA PLANT BUG (Adelphocoris lineolaris) - SOUTH DAKOTA - Large numbers built
up in alfalfa in fields east of Mitchell, Davison County; averaged 450 per 100
sweeps. Averaged 150 per 100 sweeps near Stickney, Aurora County. (Novotny) .
INDIANA - All stages noted in alfalfa; ranged 3-8 per sweep. (Huber) .

PLANT BUGS - WISCONSIN - Populations of several species, especially Adelphocoris
lineolaris (alfalfa plant bug), high in many fields of alfalfa. Half-grown nymphs
of A. lineolaris ranged 3-8 in many fields in southern counties. Lygus lineolaris
(tarnished plant bug) adults and nymphs averaged 2 per sweep generally; averaged

2 per 10 sweeps in western counties. Adelphocoris rapidus (rapid plant bug)
nymphs averaged 5 per 10 sweeps in western counties and 2 per sweep in southern
counties. Adults appearing in more advanced alfalfa. Halticus bracteatus (garden
fleahopper) adults common in some alfalfa in Dane and Rock Counties; averaged as
many as 8 per sweep. (Wis. Ins.Sur.). CALIFORNIA - Lopidea nigridea adults

heavy on blossoming vetch in Monterey, Monterey County. (Cal. Coop. Rpt.).

MEADOW SPITTLEBUG (Philaenus spumarius) - WISCONSIN - Spittle masses more noti-
ceable although populations unchanged. Counts as high as 16 per plant in Iowa
County. Counts per 10 stems in some western counties as follows: Richland
36-40, Vernon 6-9, Trempealeau 3-9, La Crosse 0-4, Chippewa 0-6, Eau Claire 2-5.
(Wis. Ins. Sur.). MICHIGAN - Nymphal populations very high in alfalfa in some
central and southwest area fields. (Pshea, Wooley, Nichols). INDIANA - Adults
very abundant in alfalfa in east central and southeast areas; ranged 5-30
(averaged 8-12) per sweep. (Huber). RHODE ISLAND - Common on wasteland and
meadows statewide. (Mathewson). VERMONT - Moderate on trefoil. (MacCollom,
June 1).

LEAF-FOOTED BUG (Leptoglossus phyllopus) - FLORIDA - One adult and 1 nymph per
50 sweeps of yellow lupine at Gainesville, Alachua County. (Mead) .

THREE-CORNERED ALFALFA HOPPER (Spissistilus festinus) - ARIZONA - Adults increas-
ing in alfalfa in Yuma, Maricopa and Pinal Counties; ranged 75-80 per 100 sweeps.
(Ariz. Coop. Sur.). OKLAHOMA - Noted in most alfalfa checked in east central
area, (Okla. Coop. Sur.). ARKANSAS - Ranged 5-10 per 100 sweeps in alfalfa in
Arkansas River Valley. (Ark. Ins. Sur.). FLORIDA - Two adults and 1 nymph
collected in 50 sweeps on yellow lupine and 4 adults per 100 sweeps on alfalfa

at Gainesville, Alachua County. (Mead).

POTATO LEAFHOPPER (Empoasca fabae) - MISSOURI - Increasing in alfalfa in St. Louis
County; averaged 20 adults and nymphs per 10 sweeps. (Houser, Thomas, Peters).
MINNESOTA - Averaged 30 per 100 sweeps in alfalfa in east central and central
districts. (Minn. Ins. Rpt.). WISCONSIN - Nymphs averaged as high as 5 per i
sweep in more advanced alfalfa. Adults ranged 1-3 per sweep in southern counties
and 3-5 per 10 sweeps in western counties. Yellowing of alfalfa attributed to
this pest. (Wis. Ins. Sur.). MICHIGAN - Adults variable in central area alfalfa;
counts ranged 0-9 per 10 sweeps. (Dowdy). INDIANA - Adults and nymphs common

in alfalfa throughout southern half of State; averaged 3-5 per 10 sweeps. (Huber).
MARYLAND - Adults light on second-growth alfalfa-at Mardela, Wicomico County.

(U. Md., Ent. Dept.). NEW YORK - Winged adults found in alfalfa near Penn Yan,
Yates County, May 25. First of season, WSYS Wily] Rpts)?

LEAFHOPPERS - ARIZONA - Empoasca mexara continued to increase in alfalfa through-
out Yuma County; migration to adjacent melons possible hazard if buildups continue,
Aceratagallia spp. numbers vary in alfalfa in Yuma, Maricopa and Pinal Counties.
(Ariz. Coop. Sur.). FLORIDA - Counts per 50 sweeps on yellow lupine at Gaines-
ville, Alachua County, as follows: Cuerna costalis 3 adults and 7 nymphs,
Homalodisca insolita 1 adult, Aceratagallia Sanguinolenta (clover leafhopper) 3
adults and 1 nymph; adults per 100 sweeps on alfalfa: A, sanguinolenta on

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Empoasca sp. 3, Graminella nigrifrons 2, Agallia constricta 1, Xerophloea viridis
I and Deltocephalus sonorus 1, (Mead). CALIFORNIA —- Adults of Pagaronia triunata
heavy on oat plantings in Woodside, San Mateo County. (Cal. Coop. Rpt.).

STRAWBERRY SPIDER MITE (Tetranychus atlanticus) - ARIZONA - Appearing in alfalfa
in Yuma County for first time this season, riz. Coop. Sur.).

SLUGS (Deroceras spp.) - OHIO - Small slugs common in alfalfa in Ashtabula,
Geauga and Cuyahoga Counties; approximately 2 per sweep in Ashtabula and Geauga
Counties, one per sweep in Cuyahoga County. Alfalfa being cut; slugs could
contaminate baled hay and silage. Det. by J. Crites. (Rose).

ARMYWORM (Pseudaletia unipuncta) - MARYLAND - Larvae present in outbreak numbers
on small grains, corn and pastures at many locations on Eastern Shore. (U. Md.,
Ent. Dept.). DELAWARE - Reported common on small grains in several areas of Kent
and Sussex Counties; few noted in corn and soybeans. (MacCreary). Some adults
still taken in Sussex County blacklight trap. (Burbutis). NEW YORK - Continues

a problem on corn and hay crops with up to 20 per square foot reported in Saratoga
County. Also heavy in Columbia, Schenectady, Orange, Rensselaer and Wayne
Counties. (N.Y. Wkly. Rpt., June 1). MISSOURI - Reported moving from brome into
corn in central district; larvae half to two-thirds grown. Damage very light in
Pemiscot County, but actual loss not determined; controls applied to approximately
6,000 acres (10 percent of crop). First-generation adults appearing in light

trap at Portageville. (Harrendorf, Keaster, Jones). WISCONSIN - Scant reports
indicate larvae found in occasional fields of grain and alfalfa. Close evaluation
of crops, where vegetation dense, may reveal large numbers of small larvae, thus
permitting treatment before populations become serious. @Waiskp Ins. Sur.)

ARMY CUTWORM (Chorizagrotis auxiliaris) - WYOMING - Increased adult activity noted
in Platte County. (Marks). NORTH DAKOTA - Larvae caused considerable damage to
field of wheat in Golden Valley County. (Mattson).

FALL ARMYWORM (Spodoptera frugiperda) - ALABAMA - Damaged 18-acre field of corn
near Semmes, Mobile County; damage heavy in third of field. (Seibels).

YELLOW-STRIPED ARMYWORM (Prodenia ornithogalli) - DELAWARE - First adult of season
taken in Sussex County blacklight trap May 26. (Burbutis) .

CORN EARWORM (Heliothis zea) - OKLAHOMA - Light numbers noted in all alfalfa
checked in east central area. Moderate in corn in Kay and Muskogee Counties,
light in Sequoyah County; damage observed. (Okla. Coop. Sur.). MISSOURI -
Larvae found in 1-7 percent of corn plants in fields checked in Pemiscot, Dunklin
and Mississippi Counties; ranged second instar to half grown. (Houser, Thomas,
Peters). ARKANSAS - Ranged 10-15 per 100 sweeps in alfalfa in Arkansas River
Valley. Most first and second-stage larvae. (Ark. Ins. Sur.). ALABAMA - Medium
and widespread on corn throughout Geneva County. Larvae present on early corn

in most of southern and central sections. (Smith et al.). GEORGIA - Whorl
infestation 13 percent in sweet corn in Henry County. (Vanderford). NORTH
CAROLINA - Heavy damage to whorls of corn reported in Wayne County field. (Baker).
DELAWARE - First adults of season taken in blacklight trap in Sussex County

May 26. (Burbutis).

BLACK CUTWORM (Agrotis ipsilon) - IOWA - Major threat to corn at present. Most
infestations reported in corn following sod or soybeans in Audubon, Bremer,
Dallas, Harrison, Johnson, Lee, Keokuk, Lucas, Mahaska, Marion, Monroe, eastern
Pottawattamie, Taylor, Warren and Wayne Counties. No soil insecticide used where
most infestations occur. (Iowa Ins. Inf., June 1). WISCONSIN - Cold weather

may have limited nighttime flight to some extent; light trap collections indicate
presence in various areas of State as well as in nearby States. Recent rains may
have made soil favorable for larval development. Growers should be alert for
damage remainder of June. Although development is slow, reports indicate some
damage to corn following sod in Grant and Columbia Counties. (Wis. Ins. Sur.).
ILLINOIS - Still reported damaging corn in many areas. (Ill. Ins. Rpt.).

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INDIANA - Infestations necessitated controls in localized areas throughout central
portions of State. (Matthew).

GLASSY CUTWORM (Crymodes devastator) - MICHIGAN - Larvae damaged corn by cutting
plants below soil surface in fields in Sanilac and Livingston Counties. (Newman).

CUTWORMS - OHIO - Widespread feeding damage on corn and other crops continued in
Logan, Clinton, Tuscarawas, Pike and Ashland Counties, (Hufford et al.). Com-
pletely destroyed corn in portions of field in Coshocton County. (Miskell).
Larvae collected in Fayette, Clinton, Montgomery and Pickaway Counties. Agrotis
gladiaria (clay-backed cutworm) present in Montgomery County; Peridroma saucia
(variegated cutworm) feeding in meadow in Pickaway County. (Grover et al.).

Light trap at Columbus, Franklin County, yielded 3 Agrotis ipsilon (black cutworm)
adults and 4 Amathes c-nigrum (spotted cutworm) adults May 31. (Rose). NEW

YORK - Several species continue troublesome on corn and hay; up to 20 per square
foot reported in Saratoga County. Also damaging in Columbia, Schenectady, Orange,
Rensselaer and Wayne Counties. (N.Y. Wkly. Rpt., June 1). PENNSYLVANIA - Agrotis
gladiaria (clay-backed cutworm), Crymodes devastator (glassy cutworm) and few
Feltia Subgothica (dingy cutworm) damaging second plantings of corn generally in
south central and northeast areas. Controls ineffective on first plantings.
(Gesell). MARYLAND - Unspecified species caused heavy injury to large acreage

of field corn in Worcester County. (U. Md., Ent. Dept.).

EUROPEAN CORN BORER (Ostrinia nubilalis) - NEBRASKA - Pupation 100 percent; emer-
gence less than 10 percent. Pupae averaged 444 per acre in Hall County, 111 per
acre in Cuming County. (Rhine). MISSOURI - Corn plants ranged 5-62 percent
infested in fields checked in Pemiscot, Dunklin and Mississippi Counties; second
and third-stage larvae found in whorls and midribs of leaves but not in stalks.
In east central district, 4-20 percent of plants contained egg masses; no larvae
found, Egg laying continues in central district. (Houser, Thomas, Peters).

IOWA - Pupation 70 percent and emergence 2 percent at Ankeny on-May 27. (Iowa
Ins. Inf., June 1). MINNESOTA - No pupation of overwintering larvae observed in
east central and central districts. (Minn. Ins. Rpt.). WISCONSIN - Adults
emerging in southern area, 9 days later than in 1964. (Wis. Ins. Sur.).

ILLINOIS - Survey in Pulaski and Alexander Counties in extreme southwest section
where corn ranged 36-61 inches in extended height showed following: Egg masses
per 100 plants ranged 10-210 (averaged 64.6),10-120 (averaged 53.6) egg masses
per 100 plants already hatched; larvae averaged 1.59 per infested plant. Larval
development ranged 77.14 percentfirst stage, 11.42 percent second stage, 11.42
percent third stage. Percent of plants infested ranged 0-80 (averaged 43.6)

Egg laying and hatch complete in Mississippi River bottoms but some hatch will
still occur in uplands. Most corn too small for good borer survival and it now
appears only extremely early corn in uplands may need treatment for control of
first-brood borers. (Ill. Ins. Rpt.). MICHIGAN - A male, first adult of season,
taken in blacklight trap in Jackson County. More general flights should be
forth coming on warm evenings during next few weeks. (Irons, Newman). OHIO -
Adults emerged May 31 in Wayne County; apparently first of season, (Barry).
MARYLAND - First eggs and signs of larval feeding found on field corn in whorl
stage at Delmar, Wicomico County. (U. Md., Ent. Dept.). DELAWARE - Adult
numbers increased slightly in blacklight trap collections in Sussex County May 29-
June 4; averaged 5 per night. (Burbutis).

LESSER CORNSTALK BORER (Elasmopalpus lignosellus) - ARIZONA - Light on sorghums
in areas of Maricopa County. (Ariz. Coop. Sur.).

SOD WEBWORMS (Crambus spp.) - NEW YORK - Adults active in Rockland County. Larvae
adding to drought problems in Monroe County. (N.Y. Wkly. Rpt., June 1). NEW
JERSEY - Adults active in central counties. (Ins.-Dis. Newsltr.). MARYLAND -
Crambus sp. adults common about newly sodded lawns at Beltsville, Prince Georges
County. (U. Md., Ent. Dept.). OHIO - Damage to corn reported from Ashland and
Highland Counties; infesting bluegrass in Clinton and Adams Counties. (Knight

et al.). C. caliginosellus (corn root webworm) caused minor damage to field corn
near Orrville, Wayne County. (Barry). Light trap near Reynoldsburg, Licking

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County, yielded 29 Crambus spp. adults May 27-June 3. (Spilker). Sod webworms
may be particular problem where corn follows alfalfa. (Polivka). SOUTH DAKOTA -
C. mutabilis noted in lawns in Sturgis, Meade County. (Goodfellow).

STALK BORER (Papaipema nebris) - MISSOURI - Larvae found on occasional corn
plants in St. Francois County. (Houser, Thomas, Peters).

A WEBWORM (Thaumatopsis pectinifer) - NEBRASKA - Damaging corn in Antelope County.
(Roselle).

SOUTHERN CORN ROOTWORM (Diabrotica undecimpunctata howardi) - INDIANA - Adult
injury to corn necessitated some replanting in some portions of fields in Boone
County. (Matthew). SOUTH DAKOTA - Egg laying underway on corn in Charles Mix
and Yankton Counties. (Jones) .

SUGARCANE BEETLE (Euetheola rugiceps) - ALABAMA - This and Elasmopalpus lignosellus
(lesser cornstalk borer) extremely heavy on 20 acres of corn in Escambia County;

as many as 3 E. rugiceps adults noted per stalk. Half of field replanted; seed-
lings being damaged by HE, lignosellus, (Lemons, Daniels).

CORN FLEA BEETLE (Chaetocnema pulicaria) - OKLAHOMA - Moderate on corn checked in
Sequoyah County. (Okla. Coop. Sur.). INDIANA - Generally light to medium on

corn throughout State. (Huber). MARYLAND - Adults light to moderate on field corn
in Dorchester, Talbot and Wicomico Counties. (U. Md’, Ent. Dept.).

FLEA BEETLES - GEORGIA - Moderate on corn in Henry and Oconee Counties.
(Vanderford, Jordan).

WIREWORMS - SOUTH DAKOTA - Heavy on corn near Estelline, Hamlin County; destroyed
stand of corn in one area, (Jones). IOWA - Infested corn following sod in
Clayton County where no insecticide applied at time of planting. (Iowa Ins. Inf.,
Sauerbry, June 1). OHIO - Conoderus spp. causing minor damage to corn near
Loudonville, Ashland County. (Barry).

CEREAL LEAF BEETLE (Oulema melanopa) - MICHIGAN - First pupation of season
observed in wheat May 28. Less than 25 percent of population in Berrien County
wheat in pupal stage. Prepupae increasing in oats. Numbers of adults and eggs
decreasing in all host crops. Larval numbers still high in oats and wheat with
late stages predominating in wheat. First emergence of summer adults expected
about June 10-15. Surveys indicate most of infestation still in Berrien County
and adjacent counties; near areas treated under 1965 suppression program. No
high infestations discovered in other counties where survey conducted. Sections
around perimeter of quarantined area to be surveyed more intensively during June.
(Ruppel, Ring).

BILLBUGS (Sphenophorus spp.) - MICHIGAN - Adults damaged young corn in Sanilac
County. (Sowerby). SOUTH CAROLINA - Light damage to wheat in Edgefield County
probably caused by S. parvulus (bluegrass billbug). (Nettles et al., June 1).

ENGLISH GRAIN APHID (Macrosiphum avenae) - WISCONSIN - Ranged 2-15 per 50 sweeps
in western counties. Parasites and predators uncommon in most fields of oats,
(Wis. Ins. Sur.). MINNESOTA - Very low in all fields of small grain checked in
east central and central districts. Most fields contained no aphids of any
species. (Minn. Ins. Rpt.).

CORN LEAF APHID (Rhopalosiphum maidis) - OKLAHOMA - Ranged 30-60 per plant on
small grain sorghum in Ottawa County. (Okla. Coop. Sur.). ARIZONA - Appearing
in sweet and field corns in Glendale area, Maricopa County. (Ariz. Coop. Sur.).

CORN ROOT APHID (Anuraphis maidiradicis) - NEBRASKA - Moderate in field of corn
in Hall County. (Rhine).

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GREENBUG (Schizaphis graminum) - COLORADO - Ranged 2-15 on 9 out of 10 barley
plants in Prospect Valley and area south of Wiggins, Weld County. (Cox) .
MINNESOTA - None found in any small grain checked. (Minn. Ins. Rpt.). WISCONSIN -
Absent in western counties; static in southern counties, (Wis. Ins. Sur.).

STINK BUGS - FLORIDA - At Gainesville, Alachua County, 50 sweeps of dried oats
yielded 3 adults of Oebalus pugnax pugnax (rice stink bug) and 3 adults of
Euschistus servus (brown stink bug); one adult of E. servus collected in 50
sweeps of yellow lupine at same location. (Mead).

CHINCH BUG (Blissus leucopterus) - ILLINOIS - Newly emerged nymphs observed in
wheat in central and eastern districts. (111. Ins. Rpt.).

A LYGAEID BUG (Paromius longulus) - FLORIDA - Three adults collected in 50 sweeps
on oats at Gainesville, Alachua County. (Mead).

SIX-SPOTTED LEAFHOPPER (Macrosteles fascifrons) - SOUTH DAKOTA - Counts per 100
sweeps averaged 30 on flax and 40 on oats near Sturgis, Meade County.
(Goodfellow). MINNESOTA - Averaged 73 per 100 sweeps in small grains in east
central and central districts. Counts varied greatly. (Minn. Ins. Rpt.).
FLORIDA - Averaged 6 adults per 50 sweeps on yellow lupine. (Mead).

THRIPS - MARYLAND - Increasing on young corn and soybeans on Eastern Shore,

(U. Md., Ent. Dept.). ILLINOIS - Common in corn in southern area with some
silvering noticeable; averaged 3 immature forms per Square inch on under surface
of leaves in one field. (111. Ins. Rpt.). NEW MEXICO - Ranged light to moderate
in alfalfa in southern counties. (N.M. Coop. Rpt.). ARIZONA - Chirothrips
falsus infested Bermuda grass in Yuma County; some fields treated. Treatments
necessary for control of C. mexicanus on commercial Bermuda grass seed plantings
in Yuma County. (Ariz. Coop. Sur.).

CORN BLOTCH LEAF MINER (Agromyza parvicornis) - ILLINOIS - Common in corn in
southern area; 4-5 mines observed on some plants. (111. Ins. Rpt.). MISSOURI -
Tunnels containing larvae found in 5-10 percent of corn plants in southern half
of State. (Houser, Thomas, Peters).

WHEAT STEM MAGGOT (Meromyza americana) - MISSOURI - Damage to wheat reported from
central district; however, based on previous observations, damage very light over
area, averaging less than one percent of plants infested. (Houser, Thomas,
Peters).

HESSIAN FLY (Mayetiola destructor) - MICHIGAN - Larvae of spring brood caused
injury to wheat in field in St. Clair County. (Townsend) .

GRASSHOPPERS - CALIFORNIA - Camnula pellucida (clear-winged grasshopper) and
Melanoplus devastator (devastating grasshopper) infested approximately 1,500
acres of rangeland in foothill area of Browns Valley in eastern Yuba County;
population consists of nymphs ranging from newly emerged to 4-5 instars. Infesta-
tion quite severe, but pastureland with lush food will supply much feed. later
check to be made to determine development of infestation. (G. Harmon). NEVADA -
Ranged up to 3-4 second to fourth instars per Square yard in Rock Creek, Elko
County. Population mostly Aulocara elliotti, but some C. pellucida and

some Melanoplus sanguinipes (migratory grasshopper) also present. (Earnist,
Maloney). UTAH — Hatch spotty in Erda-Tooele-Stoekton and Clover-St. John areas
of Tooele County and Lynndyl-Delta area of Millard County. Hatch late in
Summit-Cedar City and Beryl areas of Iron County; first to third instars spotty
and moderately numerous. Few Trimerotropus spp. adults noted in beet fields.
Hatch in Manti-West Ephraim fields very high; 200 to more than 3,000 per square
yard in some hatching areas; control planned. Range grasshoppers 20-60 per
square yard 1.5 miles northwest of Gunnison, all in Sanpete County. High grass-
hopper hatches not observed in Washington, Kane, Sevier or in Garfield County
areas examined, but some high populations reported. Hatch reported high in
vicinity of North Ogden on range near new homes in Weber County. Grasshoppers

- 603 -

generally first to third instars. (Knowlton). COLORADO - Survey through eastern
part of State indicates grasshopper counts very low and considered insignificant.
In southeastern counties where observations made, precipitation has been approxi-
mately one inch and temperatures have been favorable for development. Response

of native grasses has been good and pastures greening. (Watson). NEW MEXICO -
Nymphal surveys showed following results: Hatch light in Colfax and Union
Counties, with heaviest count of 3 per square yard (mostly first instar) in small
area south of Clayton; hatch also light in Curry, Roosevelt, Lea and Guadalupe
Counties; fairly severe on 300-400 acres of cropland near Zuni on Zuni Indian
Reservation; first to third instars averaged 35 per square yard on some 3,000
acres of rangeland north of Ramah along McKinley-Valencia County line; recent
hatch noted in cropland areas in Rio Grande River Valley from south of Belen to
Santo Domingo and Cochiti Indian Reservations. (PPC). Damaging vegetables and
flowers in home gardens at Albuquerque, Bernalillo County. (Heniger). OKLAHOMA -
Threatening populations found on rangeland west of Wapanucka, west of Colgate and
in Reagan area, Johnston and western Coal Counties; nymphs ranged 15-25 per square
yard on approximately 25,000 acres; ranged 2-10 per square yard in Atoka and
Murray Counties. Melanoplus bivittatus (two-striped grasshopper), M. occidentalis,
M. sanguinipes and Boopedon nubilum predominate. Populations ranged 6-30 per
Square yard in rangeland in Cheyenne, Sweetwater and Berlin areas, Roger Mills
County. Dominant species Phlibostroma quadrimaculatum, Ageneotettix deorum and
Aulocara elliotti. Unspecified species heavy (15-20 per square yard) on rangeland
in Craig and Comanche Counties, moderate in Cherokee and Cleveland Counties;
reported heavy in alfalfa in Stephens County. Melanoplus spp. moderate in alfalfa
in east central area. (Okla. Coop. Sur.). ALABAMA - Grasshopper nymphs and
adults present in large numbers throughout Chambers County in pastures; infesta-
tions heavy in some instances. (Stephenson). MISSOURI - Nymphs of Melanoplus
spp. ranged 5-15 per square yard in fence rows and field margins and 3-7 in
alfalfa and pastures in Washington, St. Francois and Ste. Genevieve Counties.
(Houser, Thomas, Peters). INDIANA - Melanoplus spp. nymphs averaged 2 per square
foot in Harrison County alfalfa (Matthew); common throughout southern third of
State (Everly, Huber, Matthew). WISCONSIN - First nymphs of M. femurrubrum (red-
legged grasshopper) appeared in alfalfa in western Dane County; more plentiful
than first-stage nymphs of M. differentialis (differential grasshopper). Nymphs
of M. sanguinipes in third stage, although Second stage more common, (Wis. Ins.
Sur.). MINNESOTA - Egg development slowed due to adverse weather conditions; no
hatch noted in east central and central districts. Eggs of M. bivittatus
segmented to fully formed, most fully formed. Week of warm weather will result

in hatch in these districts. M. femurrubrum eggs ranged coagulated to early eye
spot; hatch not expected for several weeks. A meadow infesting species, non-
economic in State, hatching along roadsides. (Minn. Ins. Rpt.). NORTH DAKOTA -
First instars of M. sanguinipes and Ageneotettix deorum observed on rangeland in
McLeod area, Ransom County. (Mulkern). Trace numbers of first instar nymphs of
M. bivittatus and C. pellucida observed in northwest. Trace numbers of Ageneo-
tettix deorum noted near Cartwright, McKenzie County. (Burge, Cushing). Few

M. bivittatus noted in southwest. (Zimmerman) .

EUROPEAN CHAFER (Amphimallon majalis) - NEW YORK - Larvae caused usual severe
damage to lawns in unprotected areas of Niagara County. (N.Y. Wkly. Rpt., June 1),

A LEAF BEETLE (Pachybrachys sp.) - RHODE ISLAND - Large numbers noted in meadow
in East Greenwich, Kent County. (Mathewson).

WHITE-LINED SPHINX (Celerio lineata) - OKLAHOMA - Larvae numerous in lawns in
Pawnee and Kay Counties; little damage occurring, species feeds on weeds. (Okla.
Coop. Sur.).

GRASS BUGS - UTAH - Black species damaged crested wheatgrass and other grasses

in parts of Iron and Kane Counties. Damaged grasses at New Harmony, Washington
County, and north into Iron County; this is third consecutive year of damage in
this general area. (Knowlton). NEW MEXICO - Severe and spotted populations of
Labops hesperus damaging grass in rangeland area north of Cuba, Sandoval County.

(PPC) .

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STINK BUGS - NEW MEXICO - Moderately heavy on small rangeland area south of
Grants, Valencia County. (PPC).

AN ARMORED SCALE (Odonaspis ruthae) - ARIZONA - Very heavy in Bermuda grass lawns
in areas of Yuma, Maricopa and Pinal Counties. (Ariz. Coop. Sur.)

BANKS GRASS MITE (Oligonychus pratensis) - ARIZONA - Numerous infestations found
in Bermuda grass lawns and in commercial Bermuda seed fields in Yuma County.
(Ariz. Coop. Sur.).

A BERMUDA-GRASS MITE (Aceria neocynodonis) - CALIFORNIA - Light on Bermuda grass
in Clovis, Fresno County, and medium on this host in Riverside, Riverside County.
(Cal. Coop. Rpt.).

AN ERIOPHYID MITE (Eriophyes sp.) - ARIZONA - Evident in rosettes of Bermuda grass
in areas of Yuma County; damage becoming apparent in some areas. (Ariz. Coop.
Sur.).

FRUIT INSECTS

EUROPEAN RED MITE (Panonychus ulmi) - VERMONT - Still troublesome in some blocks.
(MacCollom, June 1). CONNECTICUT - Hatching expected soon. (Savos, June 2).
NEW YORK - Many eggs and few adult females found in eastern section May 27. No
hatching observed. Summer eggs found in Clinton County. (N.Y. Wkly. Rpt., June 1).
MARYLAND - Number one problem on apples; difficult to control. (U. Md., Ent.
Dept.). OHIO - Extremely low near Wooster, Wayne County. (Forsythe). MICHIGAN -
Some adults and eggs common in Kent and Van Buren County apple orchards, (Wooley,
Pshea) .

TWO-SPOTTED SPIDER MITE (Tetranychus telarius) - CONNECTICUT - Active in tops of
trees, (Savos, June 2). MICHIGAN - Few adults on apple foliage in Kent and
Van Buren Counties, (Wooley, Pshea).

PEAR LEAF BLISTER MITE (Eriophyes pyri) - NORTH CAROLINA - Infesting pear leaves
in Wake County. (Kolbe, Robertson) .

ORCHARD MITES - NEW YORK - Spider mite eggs readily found on spur leaves, no
hatch noted in Ulster County, May 27. Continue heavy in Monroe County. Mites
active on apple in Oswego County. (N.Y. Wkly. Rpt., June 1). MISSOURI - Rains
reduced spider mite populations. (Wkly. Rpt. Fr. Grs.).

APPLE APHID (Aphis pomi) - CONNECTICUT - Beginning to build up in tops of trees
and on sucker growth. (Savos, June 2). NEW YORK - Winged forms noted in Clinton
County May 24, (N.Y. Wkly. Rpt.). MISSOURI - Numerous on unsprayed trees
throughout State, (Wkly. Rpt. Fr. Grs.). UTAH - Curling some apple foliage at
Holden, Millard County. (Knowlton).

ROSY APPLE APHID (Anuraphis rosea) - CONNECTICUT - Slowly disappearing from trees.
(Savos, June 2), NEW YORK - Found in Oswego County. (N.Y. Wkly. Rpt., June 1).
OHIO - Infesting apples in Cincinnati, Hamilton County; severe near Bellefontaine,
Logan County. (Holdsworth). COLORADO - Light to moderate in most orchards
checked in Mesa and Delta Counties. (Bulla).

WOOLLY APPLE APHID (Eriosoma lanigerum) - UTAH - Abundant on some apple trees in
New Harmony area, Washington County. (Knowlton).

SAN JOSE SCALE (Aspidiotus perniciosus) - CALIFORNIA - Heavy on apple tree nursery
stock in King City, Monterey County. (Cal. Coop. Rpt.).

CODLING MOTH (Carpocapsa pomonella) - NEW YORK - Adult emergence in cages and bait
trap captures in eastern area orchards started May 25. By May 28, 33 percent of
moths had emerged in cage in orchard at Highland, In western section, adults

- 605 -

emerging in cages at Geneva May 25. Emergence began May 28 in Webster and May 29
in Hilton, Monroe County. (N.Y. Wkly. Rpt.). GEORGIA - Infesting 33 percent of
fruit in abandoned apple orchard in Jackson County. (Vanderford). MISSOURI -
Main concern on fruit; infestations about midway through first brood. (Wkly.
Rpt. Fr. Grs.). MICHIGAN - Adult emergence continues moderate in cages in Kent
County. Moths taken in blacklight trap in Kalamazoo County. (Gilmore).

SPRING CANKERWORM (Paleacrita vernata) - RHODE ISLAND - Common in unsprayed apple
orchard in East Greenwich, Kent County. (Mathewson) .

PALMERWORM (Dichomeris ligulella) - MICHIGAN - Caused leaf rolling and feeding
injury in apple orchards in Kent County. (Howitt, Wooley, Klackle).

GREEN FRUITWORM (Lithophane antennata) - MICHIGAN - Larvae common in some apple
and cherry orchards in Sanilac and St. Claire Counties. (Wooley, Sowerby,
Pynnonen) .

UNSPOTTED TENTIFORM LEAF MINER (Callisto geminatella) - IOWA - Early infestation
found on apple leaves in Mills County. (Iowa Ins. Inf., June 1).

EUROPEAN APPLE SAWFLY (Hoplocampa testudinea) - NEW YORK - Larvae active in apples
in unsprayed orchards in Ulster County May 27. (N.Y.,Wkly. Rpt.).

PLUM CURCULIO (Conotrachelus nenuphar) - NEW HAMPSHIRE - Adults active at Durham
May 24-28. (Conklin). VERMONT - Activity expected during periods of 70-degree:
or higher temperatures. (MacCollom, June 1). CONNECTICUT - Extremely active due
to high temperatures; damage very noticeable on check trees. Adults active at
Storrs, Tolland County. (Savos, June 2). RHODE ISLAND - Not common in orchards
examined in Kingston, Washington County, and East Greenwich, Kent County.
(Mathewson). NEW YORK - Light injury to fruit noted in Ulster County, May 27.
Single adult found in Clinton County. (N.Y. Wkly. Rpt., June 1). GEORGIA -
Infesting 100 percent of fruit in abandoned peach orchard in Jackson County.
(Vanderford). MICHIGAN - Egg laying injury observed on unsprayed cherries in
Kalamazoo and Kent Counties. (Pshea, Wooley).

BLACK CHERRY APHID (Myzus cerasi) - RHODE ISLAND - Heavy on cherry in Cranston,
Providence County. (Mathewson). NEVADA - Light to heavy on cherry in Lovelock,
Pershing County; Fallon, Churchill County and southern Washoe County. (Bechtel).

CHERRY FRUIT FLIES (Rhagoletis spp.) - NEW YORK - No emergence of R. cingulata
(cherry maggot) noted in Monroe County. (N.Y. Wkly. Rpt., June 1). MICHIGAN -
No emergence of R. cingulata or R. fausta (black cherry fruit fly) reported.
(Wooley) . ~e =

CLIMBING CUTWORMS - NEW YORK - Injuring some sweet cherries in Orleans County.
(N.Y. Wkly. Rpt., June 1).

CHERRY FRUITWORM (Grapholitha packardi) - NEW JERSEY - Activity delayed by cool

weather, (Ins.-Dis. Newsltr.).

ORIENTAL FRUIT MOTH (Grapholitha molesta) - NORTH CAROLINA - Infesting peach
twig tips in Cumberland County. (Dew).

A FRUIT-TREE MITE (Bryobia rubrioculus) - UTAH - Moderately numerous on peach and
apple foliage at Holden and Fillmore, Millard County. (Knowlton). CALIFORNIA -
Nymphs and adults, probably this species, heavy on almond trees locally in Fresno,
Fresno County. (Cal. Coop. Rpt.).

ERIOPHYID MITES - ALABAMA - Unidentified species causing unusual leaf curling
and deformity on pecan in Marshall County. (Wood, Bagby) .

PHYLLOXERAS (Phylloxera spp.) - SOUTH CAROLINA - Infesting leaves of pecans in
McCormick County. (Nettles, et al., June 1). ALABAMA - P. notabilis (pecan

- 606 -

phylloxera) severe on pecan tree in Marengo County. (Starr, Bagby). OKLAHOMA -
Light to moderate on pecan trees in Mayes, Ottawa and Cleveland Counties. (Okla.
Coop. Sur.).

BLACK-MARGINED APHID (Monellia costalis) - NEW MEXICO - Appearing on pecan trees
in Mesilla Valley. (Eyer). ARIZONA - Damaging pecans in Yuma and Maricopa
Counties; some controls necessary. (Ariz. Coop. Sur.).

FALL WEBWORM (Hyphantria cunea) - ALABAMA - Continues light on pecans in Covington,
Henry, Barbour and Lee Counties. Increasing in southern Mobile County. (Pike,
Dillier, Seibels, et al.).

PHYCITID MOTHS (Acrobasis spp.) - OKLAHOMA - A. caryae (pecan nut casebearer) eggs
averaged 15 per 100 terminals on pecans in Atoka County. Moderate in Kay County
and light in Bryan and Stephens Counties. (Okla. Coop. Sur.). IOWA - Larvae,
probably A. caryivorella, killing terminals of walnut trees in young plantation in
Warren County. Iowa Ins. Inf., June l).

MAY BEETLES (Phyllophaga spp.) - OKLAHOMA - Moderate on pecan trees in Cherokee
County. (Okla. Coop. Sur.).

Citrus Insect Situation in Florida - End of May - CITRUS RUST MITE (Phyllocoptruta
oleivora) infested 31 percent of groves (norm 48 percent); 16 percent economic
norm 28 percent). Prolonged dry weather caused decrease. Rains expected to
cause many infestations to decrease; low infestations to increase.Highest districts
west and central. TEXAS CITRUS MITE (Eutetranychus banksi) infested 67 percent
of groves (norm 54 percent); 44 percent economic (norm 35 percent). Record high
for May. Further increase expected at slower rate through June, Highest dis-
tricts central, west, south and north, CITRUS RED MITE (Panonychus citri)
infested 56 percent of groves (norm 72 percent); 27 percent economic (norm 49
percent). Will continue slow increase through June, but stay below average.
Some groves will develop heavy infestations. Highest districts north, central
and west. SIX-SPOTTED MITE (Eotetranychus sexmaculatus) infested 11 percent of
groves, 4 percent economic, Decrease expected. GLOVER SCALE (Lepidosaphes
gloverii) infested 92 percent of groves, 40 percent economic. More numerous
than at any time in 15 years of record. Will remain near current high level.
Highest districts south, central, east and north. PURPLE SCALE (Lepidosaphes
beckii) infested 82 percent of groves, 14 percent economic. At normal level,
nearly all infestations light. Highest districts south and central. CHAFF SCALE
(Parlatoria pergandii) infested 78 percent of groves, 22 percent economic. Above
normal but few infestations important. Little change expected. Highest districts
central and south. BLACK SCALE (Saissetia oleae) infested 49 percent of groves,
35 percent economic. Above normal, will increase rapidly through June. Numerous
heavy infestations expected. Highest districts east and south. YELLOW SCALE
(Aonidiella citrina) infested 71 percent of groves, 18 percent economic. More
numerous than at any time in past 15 years. Population will continue near present
moderate level. Scattered heavy infestations expected. Highest districts central
and south. MEALYBUGS infested 62 percent of groves, 17 percent economic. Above |
average, increasing rapidly and expected to approach record high of June 1964.
Highest districts east, central and south. WHITEFLIES infested 61 percent of
groves, 26 percent economic. Summer increase will continue until July and reach
normal high level. (W. A. Simanton (Citrus Expt. Sta., Lake Alfred)).

FRUIT FLIES (Anastrepha spp.) - FLORIDA - A. suspensa adults taken on calamondin
and in McPhail traps on grapefruit and orange trees at Miami Springs. Anastrepha
sp. larvae light to moderate in roseapple and calamondin fruit in Miami area,
and in Surinam cherry, Barbados Cherry, kumquat and Cattlyea guava in Miami Springs
area, Dade County. (McFarlin, et al., May 27-28).

7

- 607 -

A WEEVIL (Tanymecus lacaena) - FLORIDA —- Adults severely damaging leaves of
sweet orange at Sebring, Highlands County. (McAulay, May 28).

CITRICOLA SCALE (Coccus pseudomagnoliarum) - CALIFORNIA - Heavy locally in a few
citrus groves in Fresno County. (Cal. Coop. Rpt.).

YUMA SPIDER MITE (Eotetranychus yumensis) - ARIZONA - Light infestations beginning
on citrus in Yuma County. riz. Coop. Sur.).

CITRUS FLAT MITE (Brevipalpus lewisi) - ARIZONA - Light infestations appearing on
citrus in Yuma County and in Deer Valley area, Maricopa County. (Ariz. Coop.
Sur.).

A LEAF BEETLE (Colaspis favosa) - FLORIDA - Adults severely damaging leaves of
cattelya guava at Avon Park, Highlands County. (McAulay, May 25).

CRANBERRY PESTS - NEW JERSEY - Rhopobota naevana (black-headed fireworm), Acleris
minuta (yellow-headed fireworm), Epiglaea apiata (a cranberry blossomworm) and
Sparganothis spp. (leaf roller moths) all active on cranberry bogs drawn May 10

or earlier. Activity of Acrobasis vaccinii (cranberry fruitworm) delayed by

cool weather. Pupae of Dasyneura vaccinii (a cranberry tipworm) observed; second-
generation adults expected soon. (InS.-Dis. Newsltr.).

WESTERN GRAPE LEAF SKELETONIZER (Harrisina brillians) - ARIZONA - Heavy in
commercial vineyard in Queen Creek area, Maricopa County. (Ariz. Coop. Sur.).

GRAPE PLUME MOTH (Pterophorus periscelidactylus) - RHODE ISLAND - Heavy on grape
in East Greenwich, Kent County. (Mathewson).

LEAF ROLLER MOTHS - CONNECTICUT - Archips argyrospilus (fruit-tree leaf roller)
and other unspecified species causing concern this year. Most larvae full grown
pupation expected soon. (Savos, June 2). NEW YORK - Argyrotaenia velutinana
(red-banded leaf roller) eggs hatching in orchard near Wolcott May 25. Larvae
light in Monroe County. Hatching started May 25 in Orleans County. (N.Y.

Wkly. Rpt.).

CANKERWORMS - CONNECTICUT - Ready to pupate. Lowest abundance for past 6 seasons.
(Savos, June 2).

TARNISHED PLANT BUG (Lygus lineolaris) - VERMONT - Numbers higher than usual in
many blocks. (MacCollom, June 1).

TERRAPIN SCALE (Lecanium nigrofasciatum) - MISSOURI - Crawlers first noted in
southeast section on May 24, (Wkly. Rpt. Fr. Grs.).

APPLE MEALYBUG (Phenacoccus aceris) - VERMONT - Heavy on fruit. (MacCollom,
June 1).

A BLISTER BEETLE (Pomphopoea aenea) - PENNSYLVANIA - Collected on fruit trees in
Butler County. (Adams).

TRUCK CROP INSECTS

COLORADO POTATO BEETLE (Leptinotarsa decemlineata) - RHODE ISLAND - Common on
unsprayed potatoes in Kingston, Washington County, and Newport, Newport County,
but not aS numerous as same time in 1964, (Mathewson, Peabody). NEW YORK -
Adults and eggs vary greatly from field to field; earliest eggs hatching in
Suffolk County. (N.Y. Wkly. Rpt., June 1). MARYLAND - Larvae and adults continue
to injure unprotected potatoes and tomatoes in all sections, (U. Md., Ent. Dept.).
MISSOURI - Larvae averaged 2 per plant and adults 1 per 3 plants on potatoes

in garden in Stone County. (Houser, Thomas, Peters). OKLAHOMA - Heavy on

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potatoes in Kay, Oklahoma and Bryan Counties, (Okla. Coop. Sur.). COLORADO -
Adults and eggs noted in Gilcrest, La Salle and Milliken areas, Weld County;
particularly on black nightshade. (4-H Club).

FLEA BEETLES (Epitrix spp.) - MARYLAND - Moderate to heavy on unprotected
potatoes, peppers and tomatoes in all sections. (U. Md., Ent. Dept.). RHODE
ISLAND - E. cucumeris (potato flea beetle) not yet heavy on potatoes in Kingston,
Washington County, and Newport, Newport County. On tomatoes in Cranston,
Providence County. (Mathewson, Peabody, Veilleux).

POTATO PSYLLID (Paratrioza cockerelli) - COLORADO - Considerable increase on
matrimony-vine in Weld County. Psyllid yellows noted on garden tomatoes at
Fort Collins, Larimer County. (Urano, Daniels).

WIREWORMS - WYOMING - Larvae damaging tomato plants at Torrington, Goshen County.
(Robb) .

HORNWORMS (Protoparce spp.) -NEW MEXICO - Light spotted infestations in tomato
fields in southern Dona Ana County require treatment. (Nelson). MARYLAND -
Larvae light on tomatoes in Worchester County. (U. Md., Ent. Dept.).

POTATO STALK BORER (Trichobaris trinotata) - PENNSYLVANIA - Continues very serious
in several fields of newly set tomatoes in Luzerne County. (Gesell).

MOTTLED TORTOISE BEETLE (Deloyala guttata) - NORTH CAROLINA - Feeding on tomato
leaves in garden in Halifax County. (Wray, May 26).

SPOTTED CUCUMBER BEETLE (Diabrotica undecimpunctata howardi) - GEORGIA - Light
to moderate on pimiento pepper in Henry County. (Vanderford) .

PEA APHID (Acyrthosiphon pisum) - WISCONSIN - Increasing gradually in peas; 0 per
50 sweeps in Eau Claire County, 0-2 per 10 sweeps in Trempealeau County, 2-10

per 10 sweeps in southern Dane County, 1-30 per 10 sweeps in Rock County. Higher
counts present in blossoming Alaska peas. (Wis. Ins. Sur.).

BEAN LEAF BEETLE (Cerotoma trifurcata) - MARYLAND - Adults conspicuously damaging
foliage of snap beans in Salisbury area, Wicomico County. (U. Md., Ent. Dept.).
GEORGIA - Heavy on beans in Cobb County. (Vanderford). OKLAHOMA - Moderate and
damaging beans in Cleveland County. (Okla. Coop. Sur.). WISCONSIN - Generally
scarce; first adult of season noted in peas in Rock County field. (Wis. Ins.
Sun)

MEXICAN BEAN BEETLE (Epilachna varivestis) - MARYLAND - Increasing on snap beans
at several places on lower Eastern Shore. (U. Md., Ent. Dept.). GEORGIA -
Heavy on beans in Henry County. (Vanderford).

SALT-MARSH CATERPILLAR (Estigmene acrea) - FLORIDA - Eggs and all larval stages
damaging southern peas and cabbage in experimental field at Belle Glade, Palm
Beach County. (Genung, May 27).

AN ARCTIID MOTH - OKLAHOMA - Larvae damaging black-eyed peas in Le Flore County.
(Okla. Coop. Sur.).

LESSER CORNSTALK BORER (Elasmopalpus lignosellus) - ARIZONA - Treatments
necessary on peas in Yuma County. (Ariz. Coop. Sur.). FLORIDA - Attacking truck
crops at scattered locations in Alachua County area. (Kuitert).

SWEETPOTATO FLEA BEETLE (Chaetocnema confinis) - MARYLAND - Adults heavily damag-
ing unprotected newly set sweetpotatoes in Wicomico and Worchester Counties,
(U. Md., Ent. Dept.).

GOLDEN TORTOISE BEETLE (Metriona bicolor) - MARYLAND - Adults conspicuously damag-
ing foliage of unprotected newly set sweetpotatoes in Wicomico and Worchester
Counties. (U. Md., Ent. Dept.).

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ASPARAGUS BEETLES (Crioceris spp.) - RHODE ISLAND - C. duodecimpunctata (spotted
asparagus beetle) and C. asparagi (asparagus beetle) heavier than in 1964 in
large planting in East Greenwich, Kent County. (Hannah).

APHIDS (Pemphigus spp.) - NORTH DAKOTA - Infesting asparagus near Harwood.
(Schulz) .

CORN EARWORM (Heliothis zea) - FLORIDA - Larvae on okra pods at Plant City, Hills-
borough County. (Downs, May 25).

ONION MAGGOT (Hylemya antiqua) - NEW YORK - Damage first observed in Orange County
May 22, (N.Y. Wkly. Rpt.). NEW JERSEY - Sticky board traps caught 23 adults on

4 boards at Great Meadows and none on 6 boards at Cedarville. (Ins.-Dis.
Newsltr.). WISCONSIN - Less active than in past few seasons. Many adults

trapped in Kenosha area, controls appear adequate. (Wis. Ins. Sur.).

STRIPED CUCUMBER BEETLE (Acalymma vittata) - OKLAHOMA - Light on watermelons in
Le Flore County. (Okla. Coop. Sur.). DELAWARE - Adults very abundant in black-
light traps in Sussex County. (Burbutis).

SQUASH BUG (Anasa tristis) - OKLAHOMA - Heavy and damaging squash in gardens in
Noble and Stephens Counties. (Okla. Coop. Sur.).

A SAWFLY (Empria obscurata) - WISCONSIN - Nearly defoliated small strawberry
planting in southern Dane County. Larvae nearly full grown, eggs common, (Wis.
Ins, Sur.).

WHITE-MARKED TUSSOCK MOTH (Hemerocampa leucostigma) - WISCONSIN - Second-stage
larvae feeding on raspberry foliage in Madison area, (Wis. Ins. Sur.).

TARNISHED PLANT BUG (Lygus lineolaris) - MICHIGAN - No adults observed in straw-
berry plantings in Alpena County. (Wooley, Nichols).

SPITTLEBUGS - MICHIGAN - Philaenus spumarius (meadow spittlebug) early instar
nymphs common in strawberry plantings in Alpena County. (Pshea, Wooley, Nichols),
CONNECTICUT - Unspecified species active on strawberries, (Savos).

CABBAGE MAGGOT (Hylemya brassicae) - SOUTH DAKOTA - General on transplanted
cabbage in Brookings area, (Walstrom). WISCONSIN - Less active than in past
few seasons. Many adults trapped in Kenosha area, controls appear adequate.
Many small larvae, probably this species, in radishes in Dane County. (Wis. Ins.
Sur.). NEW JERSEY - Sticky board traps yielded 11 adults on 4 boards at Great
Meadows and none on 3 boards at Cedarville. (Ins.-Dis. Newsltr.).

CABBAGE LOOPER (Trichoplusia ni) - NEW MEXICO - Occasional larva found in cabbage
fields in southern Dona Ana County. Harvest almost complete. (Nelson). GEORGIA-
Heavy on cabbage in Henry County. (Vanderford). FLORIDA - Larvae heavy, 6-8

per plant, and many eggs on Chinese cabbage in 20-acre commercial planting at
Belle Glade, Palm Beach County. (Genung, May 26).

GREEN PEACH APHID (Myzus persicae) - FLORIDA - Ranges 50-100 per leaf on Chinese
cabbage in 20-acre commercial field at Belle Glade, Palm Beach County. Alates
present. (Genung, May 26).

FLEA BEETLES - VERMONT - Active on crucifers. (MacCollom, June 1). NEW YORK -
Still very active on cabbage seedlings and noted on young beets in Ontario County.
(N.Y. Wkly. Rpt., June 1). UTAH - Moderately damaged 500 acres of sugar beets in
north Enterprise-Beryl area, Iron County. (Knowlton). NEVADA - Required treat-
ment of over 1,000 acres of unspecified crops in Lovelock, Pershing County.

First treatments of year applied in Fallon, Churchill County. A few fields
totally destroyed. (Ferraro, York).

- 610 -

DARKLING BEETLES - WYOMING - Spotty infestations of larvae damaging sugar beets
near Torrington, Goshen County. (Robb).

SUGAR-BEET ROOT MAGGOT (Tetanops myopaeformis) - COLORADO - Adult collections
dropped to 19 per 4 traps in Larimer County. (Gaskill).

ARMYWORM (Pseudaletia unipuncta) - NEW YORK - Continues to plague sugar beets.
(N.Y. Wkly. Rpt., June 1).

SIX-SPOTTED LEAFHOPPER (Macrosteles fascifrons) - MICHIGAN - Adults ranged 1-4
per 10 sweeps in Ingham County alfalfa June 1. First seasonal observation of
aster yellows made same day on Canada thistle. This plant excellent early
indicator of this virus disease; however, it is not known whether M. fascifrons
moves readily from thistle to such susceptible crops as lettuce, carrots, onions
and celery. This date is very early for symptoms of this disease to be eivdent
in State. (Bockstahler, Drew, duZeeuw). NEW YORK - Becoming increasingly
numerous on lettuce in Orange County. (N.Y. Wkly. Rpt., June 1).

THRIPS - MARYLAND - Increasing generally on cucumbers, Squash and snap beans on
Eastern Shore. (U. Md., Ent. Dept.). NEW YORK - Observed on seed onions May 24.
(N.Y. Wkly. Rpt.). NEW MEXICO - Light to heavy in most untreated fields in

Dona Ana County. (Matthews, Nielsen). NEVADA - Light and spotted on garlic in
Reno, Washoe County. (Gardella).

SEED-CORN MAGGOT (Hylemya platura) - NEW JERSEY - Sticky board traps yielded 46
adults on 4 boards at Great Meadows and 1,109 adults on 6 boards at Cedarville.
(Ins.-Dis. Newsltr.).

CUTWORMS - VERMONT - Damaging wide variety of vegetables. Controls recommended.
(MacCollom, June 1). RHODE ISLAND - Heavier than normal in garden in East
Greenwich, Kent County, on beans, pepper, tomato and onion sets. Heavy in
Providence County and West Warwick, Kent County. (Mathewson et al.).
CONNECTICUT - Still attacking wide variety of vegetables and small fruits.
(Savos). OHIO - Minor garden pest in Wooster, Wayne County. (Sleesman). UTAH -
Cutting off tomato and garden flower transplants in Cedar City-Paragonah area,
Iron County. (Knowlton).

CLIMBING CUTWORMS - CONNECTICUT - Still attacking wide variety of vegetables and
small fruits. (Savos).

ARMY CUTWORM (Chorizagrotis auxiliaris) - NEW MEXICO - Porbably this species,
very heavy and damaging home gardens at Budville, Grants and Milan, Valencia
County. (Heninger).

TOBACCO INSECTS

TOBACCO FLEA BEETLE (Epitrix hirtipennis) - MARYLAND - Adults causing conspicuous
injury to newly set tobacco in northern Anne Arundel County. (U. Md., Ent. Dept.).

GREEN PEACH APHID (Myzus persicae) - MARYLAND - Unusually abundant on tobacco in
beds in Calvert County. (U. Md., Ent. Dept.).

TOBACCO BUDWORM (Heliothis virescens) - FLORIDA - Eggs numerous and larvae average
more than 2 per plant on 90 percent of untreated, flue-cured tobacco at Gaines-
ville, Alachua County, June 2, Plants 2.5 to 3 feet in height. (Kuitert).

TOBACCO HORNWORM (Protoparce sexta) - FLORIDA - Eggs and larvae (up to third
stage) present on untreated, flue-cured tobacco plants in Gainesville area,
Alachua County; populations at low level. (Kuitert, June 2).

- 611 -

COTTON INSECTS

BOLL WEEVIL (Anthonomus grandis) - SOUTH CAROLINA - Adults numerous on young
cotton, with some feeding Signs noticed, in Edgefield County. Emerging in all
Coastal Plain counties. In areas where showers have occurred recently, emergence
is very rapid; much slower in areas where no showers have occurred. (Nettles

et al., June 1). Emergence from hibernation relatively light in Florence area;
expected to increase as soon as general rains end. (Taft et al., June 2).
Weevils numerous in Coastal Plain and Piedmont fields. Delayed emergence in
some areas attributed largely to dry weather conditions; rains would hasten
emergence, (Cott. Ltr., June 7). TENNESSEE - Two weevils found feeding on
terminal buds, one in western Hardin and one in southern McNairy Counties week
ending May 28; rains hindered survey in “hot spot" areas. Terminal inspections
revealed no weevils during period ending June 4. Conditions now very favorable
for weevil emergence. (Locke et al.). ALABAMA - In Bibb County, 6 adults
collected per 100 feet of row on one farm. (Odom). In Covington County, 7
weevils per 100 feet of row counted in 20-acre field; this is 441 per acre.
(Pike). Weevils feeding generally in buds of cotton in several fields in Henry
County. (Watson, Jackson, et al.). LOUISIANA - Two weevils found in plants
pulled for thrips counts in Madison Parish; none found in several fields examined.
No weevils found during examination of 11,000 row feet of cotton. These fields
treated in fall of 1964 until killing frost occurred. Total of 42 weevils, or
approximately 270 per acre, found on 2,000 row feet in nearby check field.
(Cleveland et al., June 3). TEXAS - Found in 8 of 31 treated fields and 8 of 14
untreated fields inspected in McLennan and Falls Counties; average 104 weevils
per acre in 14 untreated fields, with maximum of 875 per acre. Averaged 35 per
acre in 31 treated fields, with maximum of 250 per acre. Overall average 68

per acre. Survival percentages in hibernation cages as of June 4 as follows:
2.3 in 2 cages containing 1,000 field collected weevils installed October 29,
1964; 5.4 in cage containing 136 weevils removed from ground trash and rehibernated
December 2, 1964; and 27.0 in cage containing 152 weevils removed from ground
trash and rehibernated in March 1965. No weevils emerged from cages containing
green bolls collected in November 1964 and cages containing bollie cotton collected
from standing stalks in March 1965. No weevils collected on flight screens.
(Cowan et al.).

A WEEVIL (Compsus auricephalus) - TENNESSEE - Reported to have caused some local
damage to cotton in Haywood County. (Locke, May 28).

ANTHRICID BEETLES (Notoxus spp.) - ALABAMA - Numerous in cotton fields; often 2

or more per plant in small and older cotton, Causing great concern to many
growers who believe beetles feeding on cotton. Close observation revealed beetles
feeding on secretions from nectar glands at bases of bracts and on undersides of
leaves. (Henderson et al.).

FLEA BEETLES - TENNESSEE - At least 2 species found throughout cotton-growing
area during week ending May 28; caused some damage, but mostly on terminal buds.
Continued to cause light injury to leaves and terminal buds during week ending
June 4, (Locke).

BOLLWORMS (Heliothis spp., et al.) - SOUTH CAROLINA - Some light to medium
infestations noted in Florence area. Of adults collected in light trap, 6 H. zea
(bollworm) and one H. virescens (tobacco budworm). (Taft et al., June 2).

ALABAMA - Large numbers of eggs being deposited on cotton in.Wilcox and Henry
Counties. Occasional small larva feeding in squares and plant buds. Large
populations of Geocoris punctipes (a big-eyed bug), Coleomegilla maculata
fuscilabris, Hippodamia convergens (convergent lady beetle), Coccinella
novemnotata, See bugs and other predators apparently controlling bol bollworm
numbers, (Ledbetter et al.). MISSISSIPPI - None found on cotton in delta
counties, but infestations heavy on corn, (Pfrimmer et al., June 3). ARKANSAS -
Moths being counted as emergence continues in cages in field of crimson clover in
Bradley County. Emergence totaled 69 during period May 25-31; this is average of
1,111 moths per acre, (Ark. Ins. Sur.). LOUISIANA - Eggs found on cotton in

- 612 -

Madison Parish, but no larvae yet noted. (Cleveland et al., June 3). TEXAS -
Single larva found on cottonin McLennanand Falls Counties; 3 eggs and 27 larvae
collected from Texas-star plants. Total of 218 H. zea and 7 H. virescens
determined from host plants to June 4. (Cowan et al.). a)

PINK BOLLWORM (Pectinophora gossypiella) - TEXAS - In McLennan and Falls Counties,
19 moths collected from 3 cages containing green bolls collected in November 1964
and placed on soil surface 328 moths emerged in 3 cages containing green bolls
placed on screens 6 inches above soil surface at same time, In 6 cages containing
100 pounds bollie cotton collected from standing stalks in March; 168 moths
emerged. (Cowan et al.).

A CUTWORM - OKLAHOMA - Averaged one per linear foot of row in cotton in Tillman
County. (Okla. Coop. Sur.).

APHIDS - SOUTH CAROLINA - Noted on cotton in number of counties. (Cott. Ltr.,
June 7). TENNESSEE - Light in all fields surveyed week ending May 28 in western
area where no controls applied. Warm, dry weather should reduce numbers. No
increase noted week ending June 4. (Locke). ALABAMA - Scattered reports indicate
Aphis gossypii (cotton aphid) light on cotton. (Clark et al.). TEXAS - A.
ZosSypii light in 20 of 45 fields in McLennan and Falls Counties. (Cowan et al.).
NEW MEXICO - Light, scattered infestations, probably Aphis craccivora (cowpea
aphid), found in few fields of cotton in southern Dona Ana County. (Nelson) .

LYGUS BUGS (Lygus spp.) - ARIZONA - Migrating populations from sorghum and
alfalfa fields damaging cotton seedlings in areas of Pinal and Maricopa Counties,
(Ariz. Coop. Sur.).

PLANT BUGS - MISSISSIPPI - Light in older cottonin delta counties., (Pfrimmer et
al., June 3). LOUISIANA - Infestations continue light in most fields in Madison
Parish; medium in few fields, however. Heavy infestations still found on wild
host plants in some areas, (Cleveland et al., June 3).

FLEAHOPPERS - MISSISSIPPI - Light in older cotton in delta counties. (Pfrimmer
et al., June 3). LOUISIANA - Continue light in most cotton in Madison Parish;
infestations medium in few fields. Heavy infestations still found on wild host
plants in some areas. (Cleveland et al., June 3). OKLAHOMA - Psallus seriatus
(cotton fleahopper) light on cotton in Kiowa and Tillman Counties, (Okla. Coop.
Sur.). ARIZONA - P. seriatus increasing on cotton in Pima, Pinal and Maricopa
Counties. Spanogonicus albofasciatus (a black fleahopper) ranged light to medium
in cotton in Pima, Pinal and Maricopa Counties. (Ariz. Coop. Sune

THRIPS - SOUTH CAROLINA - Reported on cotton in all Piedmont counties and in

some Coastal Plain counties. (Nettles et al., June 1). Some very heavy infesta-
tions seen in untreated cotton in Florence area, (Taft et al., June 2). More
general this season than for number of years, especially in Piedmont. (Cott.
Ltr., June 7). TENNESSEE - Damage to cotton in western area light so far this
season; populations apparently not on increase. (Locke, May 28). Infestations
becoming heavier, but cotton should be beyond damage if present weather conditions
prevail. (Locke, June 4). GEORGIA - Light to heavy on cotton in northwest and
northern areas. (Johnson). ALABAMA - Medium, widespread infestations present on
cotton in Covington, Shelby, Geneva and some northern counties. (Pike, Clark,
Smith, et al.). MISSISSIPPI - Populations greatly reduced where heavy rains
occurred in delta county area. Older cotton now growing out of thrips damage.
Infestations still heavy on young cotton particularly on heavier soils. (Pfrimmer,
et al., June 3). LOUISIANA - Light to medium infestations found in Madison
Parish; some cotton still showing damage where treatments were late. (Cleveland
et al., June 3). TEXAS - Infestations in 14 untreated fields in McLennan and
Falls Counties as follows: Heavy in-3, medium in 3, light in 7 and none in 1
field. In 31 treated fields inspected, infestations heavy in 2, light in 26 and
none found in 3 fields. (Cowan et al.). OKLAHOMA - Frankliniella spp. popula-
tions moderate to heavy on 2 to 4-leaf cotton in Tillman and Pawnee Counties,
Controls underway in Tillman County. Light in Kiowa, Wagoner, Muskogee and

- 613 -

Sequoyah Counties. Cotton ranged from 2 to 7-leaf stages in latter counties.
(Okla. Coop. Sur.). MISSOURI - Chemical controls being applied in isolated
fields of cotton in Pemiscot County. Counts averaged 60 per 20 plants in test
plots in areas. (Harrendorf, Jones). NEW MEXICO - Light to moderate on cotton
in Dona Ana County. (Matthews, Nielsen).

SPIDER MITES - SOUTH CAROLINA - Caused moderate to severe damage to seedling
cotton in Edgefield County. (Nettles et al.). Present in isolated fields,

(Cott. Ltr., June 7). GEORGIA - Heavy on cotton in Washington County. (Whitaker).
MISSOURI - Building up on seedling cotton in Pemiscot County following chemical
applications for control of thrips. These buildups isolated instances and not
general in area. (Harrendorf, Jones).

- 614 —

FOREST, ORNAMENTAL AND SHADE TREE INSECTS

BLACK HILLS BEETLE (Dendroctonus ponderosae) - WYOMING - Land managers successful
in reducing 1964 infestation in Black Hills area. More than 238,000 beetle-
infested trees either salvaged (34,000), piled and burned (118,000) or chemically
treated (86,000). Extensive "mop-up'" suppression program now underway to reduce
population to endemic numbers by July. Outbreak on Big Horn Mountains prevented
from increasing. More than 16,000 infested trees disposed of or chemically
treated. Infestations on Wind River District, Shoshone National Forest, kept
from increasing by treating 3,500 infested lodgepole pines. New outbreak of
about 600 acres discovered in i964 on Medicine Bow National Forest near Saratoga;
both lodgepole and limber pines being killed. This is first report of activity
in this area since 1932-39 outbreak which destroyed more than 400,000 trees before
controlled. Infestation to be carefully evaluated this year. (USFS Rocky Mount.
Reg., Apr. Rpt):

A BARK BEETLE (Pityophthorus puberulus) - OHIO - Infested white, Scotch and black
pines in Chagrin Falls, Cuyahoga County. (Rings, May 18).

BLACK VINE WEEVIL (Brachyrhinus sulcatus) - RHODE ISLAND - Larvae heavy and
damaging ornamental yew in Warwick, Kent County. (Hannah).

EUROPEAN PINE SAWFLY (Neodiprion sertifer) - OHIO - Numerous reports of infesta-
tions in pines in Logan County. (Hufford). Rather heavy in mixed pine plantation
near Fallsburg, Licking County. (Davidson). IOWA - Larvae actively feeding on
white, red, Scotch and Norway pines in Black Hawk County. Noted in Lee, Henry

and Muscatine Counties; feeding on Mugho pine Iowa County. Controls urged.

(Iowa Ins. Inf., June 1).

RED-HEADED PINE SAWFLY (Neodiprion lecontei) - OKLAHOMA - Heavy on ornamental
pines in Pushmataha County; controls underway. (Okla. Coop. Sur.).

RED-PINE SAWFLY (Neodiprion nanulus nanulus) - NEW YORK - Second instars feeding
in young red pine plantation at RensSelaerville. -(N.Y. Wkly. Rpt., May 21).

CONIFER SAWFLIES - CONNECTICUT - Larvae of various species feeding on pines;
controls recommended. (Savos). NEW YORK - Larvae clustered on Scotch pine
planting in Broome County. (N.Y. Wkly. Rpt., June 1).

PINE BARK APHID (Pineus strobi) - NEW YORK - Noted on many trees in Westchester
County. (N.Y. Wkly. Rpt., June 1).

BALSAM TWIG APHID (Mindarus abietinus) - NORTH DAKOTA - Severe on balsam fir in
Fargo, Cass County. (Haynes, McBride).

EASTERN SPRUCE GALL APHID (Chermes abietis) - NEW YORK - About full size in Rock-
land County. Galls numerous on white and Norway pines at Rensselaerville May 19.
Becoming quite apparent in Rockland County. (N.Y. Wkly. Rpt., June 1).

COOLEY SPRUCE GALL APHID (Chermes cooleyi) - DELAWARE - Nymphs fairly common on
Douglas-fir in area of New Castle County. (Boys).

PINE LEAF CHERMID (Pineus pinifoliae) - NEW HAMPSHIRE - Galls on red spruce
opening; migrants leaving at Exeter. (Conklin, June 1).

PINE NEEDLE SCALE (Phenacaspis pinifoliae) - RHODE ISLAND - Continues hatching and
settling in Providence, Providence County. (Veilleux). NEW YORK - Hatching on
Cornell campus at Ithaca May 24. (N.Y. Wkly. Rpt.). COLORADO - Mostly hatched

on pine in Larimer County; parasitismas high as 80 percent in some samples.
(Thatcher).

SPRUCE BUD SCALE (Physokermes piceae) - CALIFORNIA - Adults heavy on blue spruce
in Kentfield, Marin County. (Cal. Coop. Rpt.).

= 615 =

FLETCHER SCALE (Lecanium fletcheri) - MINNESOTA - Apparently increasing on ever-
greens, mostly arborvitae in metropolitan area. (Minn. Ins. Rpt.).

JUNIPER SCALE (Diaspis carueli) - DELAWARE - Hatched May 29 in New Castle County.
(MacCreary).

SOFT SCALES - VERMONT - Lecanium sp. noted on yews. (MacCollom, June 1). FLORIDA -
Pseudophilippia quaintancii adults on stem of shortfeaf and loblolly pines at
Gadsden, Franklin and Leon Counties; det. by L. A. Hetrick. (Fla. Coop. Sur.).

PINE SPITTLEBUG (Aphrophora parallela) - NEW JERSEY - Caused severe damage to
Scotch pine in Boonton area. (Ins.-Dis. Newsltr.). WISCONSIN - Damage caused
by feeding in 1964 becoming apparent in white and Scotch pines in east central
counties; injury further complicated by feeding scars of Hylobius sp. (a weevil)
and drought. (Wis. Ins. Sur.).

BAGWORM (Thyridopteryx ephemeraeformis) - OKLAHOMA - Heavy on evergreens in
Comanche County and light in Cleveland County. (Okla. Coop. Sur.). IOWA -
Controls urged in southern half of State. (Iowa Ins. Inf., June 1). DELAWARE -
Hatched by May 27 in Kent County. (MacCreary).

JACK-PINE BUDWORM (Choristoneura pinus) - WISCONSIN - Larval development progressing
very Slowly; new growth on trees continuing. Second instars in Polk County and
third instars in Adams County May 27. (Wis. Ins. Sur.).

LARCH CASEBEARER (Coleophora laricella) - NEW YORK - Adults appearing in Ithaca
area. (N.Y. Wkly. Rpt., June 1).

NANTUCKET PINE TIP MOTH (Rhyacionia frustrana) - OKLAHOMA - First-generation aduits
emerging in Wagoner County; damage heavy. (Okla. Coop. Sur.).

PINE TUSSOCK MOTH (Dasychira plagiata) - WISCONSIN - Third and fourth instars
continue in Douglas County on May 30; population decline continues. (Wis. Ins.
sur. ))-

PINE TUBE MOTH (Argyrotaenia pinatubana) - NEW YORK - Adults collected in red
pine plantation at Glenfield, May 19. (N.Y. Wkly. Rpt.).

BALSAM GALL MIDGE (Cecidomyia balsamicola) - WISCONSIN - Adults numerous in traps
in Langlade County May 28; balsam fir candles 2-3 inches long; Fraser fir buds in
Same area just breaking. (Wis. Ins. Sur.).

SPRUCE SPIDER MITE (Oligonychus ununguis) - ARIZONA - Infesting Italian cyprus and
juniper trees in Yuma County. (Ariz. Coop. Sur.).

FOREST TENT CATERPILLAR (Malacosoma disstria) - COLORADO - In second and third
instars; infestation about 2 weeks later and considerably over 1964 season in
Larimer County. (Thatcher). MINNESOTA - Treatment completed on 6,000 acres of
aspen in St. Louis and Koochiching Counties May 30. (Minn. Ins. Rpt.). RHODE
ISLAND - Collected in Smithfield, Providence County. (Veilleux). ALABAMA -
Numerous adults attracted to lights in southern Mobile County. (Dillier, Seibels).

EASTERN TENT CATERPILLAR (MalacoSoma americanum) - WISCONSIN - Third and fourth
instars in Polk County May 27; most larvae full grown and migrating in Rock County
June 1. (Wis. Ins. Sur.). OHIO - Two adults collected in blacklight trap near
Reynoldsburg. (Spilker May 27-June 1). Cocoons abundant in Tarr Hollow State
Park in Ross County. (Rose).

POPLAR TENT MAKER (Ichthyura inclusa) - NORTH CAROLINA - Larvae feeding on willow
in Moore County; det. by D. A. Mount. (Johnson).

— 616 =

CANKERWORMS - WISCONSIN - Paleacrita vernata (spring cankerworm) and Alsophila
pometaria (fall cankerworm) scarce during survey in Montello-Westfield area,
Marquette County, May 26. Some defoliation reported in Wisconsin Dells, Sauk
County area, and small infestation near Mazomanie showed elms defoliated 50-80
percent. Defoliation becoming noticeable in few areas of State. (Wis. Ins. Sur.).
MINNESOTA - Larvae about three-quarters inch long in Minneapolis-St. Paul area.
Very sparse in areas with high populations in 1964. (Minn. Ins. Rpt.). NEW
JERSEY - Continue heavy; controls urged. (Ins.-Dis. Newsltr.). NEW YORK -
Attacking wide variety of hosts in Rockland County. (N.Y. Wkly. Rpt., June 1).
RHODE ISLAND - Heavy on maples in Warwick, Kent County. (Hannah).

LARGE ASPEN TORTRIX (Choristoneura conflictana) - WISCONSIN - Defoliation spotty
but widespread; hardwoods along edges of fields and openings in northwest as far
north as Douglas County attacked by June beetles also. No insects other than

C. conflictana observed. (Wis. Ins. Sur.).

LEAF ROLLER MOTHS - CONNECTICUT - Several species caused heavy damage to trees,
especially oak and maple, over State; most expected to pupate soon, (Savos).
NEW YORK - Undetermined species heavy on horticultural variety of hawthorn in
Rockland County; larvae nearly full grown. Attacking wide variety of hosts in
Rockland County. Noted on many trees in Westchester County. (N.Y. Wkly. Rpt.,
June 1). PENNSYLVANIA - Infestations of Croesia semipurpurana spotty in Clinton,
Lycoming, Tioga and Bradford Counties. Some red oak trees entirely defoliated;
groups of trees 2-3 acres infested. (Eckess, May 24). NEW JERSEY - Continue
heavy; controls urged. (Ins.-Dis. Newsltr.).

GREEN-STRIPED MAPLEWORM (Anisota rubicunda) - NORTH CAROLINA - Larvae feeding
on maple in Carteret and Yadkin Counties. (Mount et al.).

BUCK MOTH (Hemileuca maia) - OKLAHOMA - Larvae noted on oaks in Oklahoma County.
(QA, Coxopanstieny) 5

GYPSY MOTH (Porthetria dispar) - RHODE ISLAND - Third instars in Cranston and
Lincoln, Providence County; areas to be treated by helicopter. (Veilleux).

ASH BORER (Podosesia syringae fraxini) - MICHIGAN - Larvae rendered ash nursery
stock unmarketable in Berrien County nursery. (Wallner, Newman).

MOURNING-CLOAK BUTTERFLY (Nymphalis antiopa) - CALIFORNIA - Larvae heavy and
severely damaging elm leaves in Concord, Contra Costa County; occurred in several
locations in State since early spring. (Cal. Coop. Rpt.).

CATALPA SPHINX (Ceratomia catalpae) - ALABAMA - Widespread on catalpa trees;
especially in Chambers County. (Stephenson).

WHITE-LINED SPHINX (Celerio lineata) - NEVADA - Larvae of this and Vanessa cardui
(painted lady) migrating in heavy numbers from surrounding desert into gardens
in Henderson, Clark County. (Nichols).

ELM LEAF BEETLE (Galerucella xanthomelaena) —- NEVADA - Adults heavy; numerous eggs
present in Churchill, Douglas, Ormsby, Pershing and Washoe Counties. No larvae

to date. (Bechtel et al.). NEW MEXICO - Adults moderate to heavy; feeding on
foliage of Chinese elm at Glenwood, Catron County. Egg masses very abundant.
(Campbell). OKLAHOMA - Moderate to heavy on elms in most locations in northeast,
north central, east central, central and southwest and in Beaver County. (Okla.
Coop. Sur.). SOUTH CAROLINA - Larvae damaging leaves of elms in Lancaster

County. (Nettles et al., June 1).

LARGER ELM LEAF BEETLE (Monocesta coryli) - GEORGIA - Moderate on elms in
Floyd County. (Kimbell).

= (s)iL7/ =

SMALLER EUROPEAN ELM BARK BEETLE (Scolytus multistriatus) - GEORGIA - Medium on
elm on city property in Atlanta, Fulton County. Collected by J. Ridley on June 1.
This is a new State record. (Ridley). Det. D. M. Anderson. OHIO - Activity
started about mid-May in Toledo area, Lucas County; adults now very numerous in
area. (Lincoln). COLORADO - Adult activity reported on elms in Larimer County.
(Thatcher).

BRONZE BIRCH BORER (Agrilus anxius) - NEW YORK - Killing trees in home planting
in Rockland County. (N.Y. Wkly. Rpt., June 1). NEW JERSEY - Treatments urged;
second generation egg laying expected soon. (Ins.-Dis. Newsltr.).

MAY BEETLES (Phyllophaga spp.) - ARKANSAS - Decreased in most areas; fairly high
in Faulkner and Conway Counties. Oaks in some areas of Faulkner County show
heavy feeding injury. (Ark. Ins. Sur.).

A BLISTER BEETLE (Epicauta torsa) - OKLAHOMA - Continues damage to mimosa trees

in Cleveland County. (Okla. Coop. Sur.).

CERAMBYCID BEETLES - UTAH - Adults numerous on borer-killed Modesto ash tree at
Cedar City, Iron County. (Knowlton, Sjoblom).

RED ELM BARK WEEVIL (Magdalis armicollis) - WISCONSIN -— Adults numerous on young
elms near tree killed by Dutch elm disease in 1964 near Brodhead, Mating and
causing noticeable feeding injury to leaves. (Wis. Ins. Sur.).

PERIODICAL CICADAS (Magicicada spp.) - OHIO - Mating since May 28 in Washington
County. Oviposition damage heavy on dogwood, sassafras, yellow-poplar, poplar
and elm trees. About 12 females laying eggs on twigs of 8-foot elm. (Gehers).
Egg laying started in Jackson County as early as May 24; emergence occurred about
10 days earlier. (Bennington). Emerging in Ross County in Scioto Trail and Tarr
Hollow State Park areas. One area in Tarr Hollow State Park with nearly 30
emergence holes per square foot. (Hay). First noted in Summit County May 27-28.
"Singing" heard on May 31. (Kelly). Emerged in Scioto County May 27. (Seithers).
Noted in Hocking and Jefferson Counties. (Kessler, Stephen). Males and females
collected in Tuscarawas County May 24. (Cronin). Large numbers collected from
roadside grasses in Lake and Summit Counties June 2; up to 3 adults clinging to
Single grass stem. Four adults per 20 sweeps in alfalfa in Summit County. (Rose).
PENNSYLVANIA - Brood V emergence very heavy in southwestern Somerset County,
southern Fayette County, Greene County and southern Washington County. (Udine).
NEW YORK - Emerged in oak and hickory wooded areas on May 23 at Lake Panomoka and
May 26 at Calverton, Suffolk County. (N.Y. Wkly. Rpt.).

BIRCH LEAF MINER (Fenusa pusilla) - NEW YORK - Nearing pupation in New City area.
Mines three-sixteenths inch long at Westhampton Beach, Suffolk County; ideal for
treatments. (N.Y. Wkly. Rpt., June 1).

MAPLE PETIOLE BORER (Caulocampus acericaulis) - CONNECTICUT - Causing leaf drop
of sugar maples. (Savos). NEW HAMPSHIRE - Causing leaf drop of maples at
Londonderry. (Conklin, May 30).

BUFFALO TREEHOPPER (Stictocephala bubalus) - OHIO - Injured maple trees at
Greenville, Darke County. Kuester, Holdsworth, May 29).

WHITEFLIES - CONNECTICUT - Noted on mountain-laurel at Essex. (Johnson).

ELM LEAF APHID (Myzocallis ulmifolii) - MINNESOTA - Building up in Minneapolis-—
St. Paul area. (Minn. Ins. Rpt.). OKLAHOMA - Remains heavy in many areas of
Noble, Payne and Kingfisher Counties; unidentified species moderate on elms in
Perry area, Noble County. (Okla. Coop. Sur.).

BEECH BLIGHT APHID (Prociphilus imbricator) - NEW YORK - Abundant on copper beech
in Blauvelt. (N.Y. Wkly. Rpt., June 1).

- 618 -

WOOLLY ALDER APHID (Prociphilus tesselatus) - NORTH CAROLINA - Infested maples in
Halifax, Wake and Hertford Counties. (Robertson).

SAN JOSE SCALE (Aspidiotus perniciosus) - VERMONT - Females and crawlers noted

on Crataegus spp. (MacCollom, June 1). NEW YORK - Problem in Nassau County.
(N.Y. WKly. Rpt., June 1). UTAH - Extremely heavy on damaged flowering plums and

some home orchard trees in Provo-Orem area, Utah County. (Knowlton).

PUTNAM SCALE (Aspidiotus ancylus) - CONNECTICUT - Noted on elms at Whitneyville.
(Johnson).

OYSTERSHELL SCALE (Lepidosaphes ulmi) - NEW HAMPSHIRE - Eggs ready to hatch on
lilac at Durham. (Conklin). VERMONT - Hatching; controls urged. (MacCollom,
June 1). CONNECTICUT - Noted on poplars at Storrs. (Savos). OHIO - Infested
maple in Paulding, Paulding County. (Delaplane, Barrett).

EUROPEAN ELM SCALE (Gossyparia spuria) - WISCONSIN - Numerous eggs noted; no
hatching observed by June l. Wis. Ins. Sur.).

A SOFT SCALE (Lecanium sp.) - NORTH CAROLINA - Infested willow oak in Halifax
County; crawlers present. (Taylor, Robertson).

HAWTHORN LACE BUG (Corythucha cydoniae) - NEW YORK - Single specimen found on
horticultural variety of hawthorn in Rockland County. “(N.Y. Wkly. Rpt., June 1).

COREID BUGS (Leptoglossus spp.) - ARIZONA - Large population hatching on citrus
and other ornamentals in Phoenix area, Maricopa County. GLAZE Coopee SUrED Es

SAWFLIES - WISCONSIN - Most larvae of Profenusa canadensis fallen to ground for
pupation; about 10 percent of leaves of Crataegus spp. still contains larvae in
Dane County June 2. Populations high in that location and near Platteville,
Grant County. Nearly mature larvae of Croesus latitarsus (dusky birch sawfly)
common on white birch in central area. (Wis. Ins. Sur.). GEORGIA - Nematus
ventralis (willow sawfly) moderate on weeping willow in Cobb County. (Wester).

MAPLE BLADDER GALL MITE (Vasates quadripedes) - NEW HAMPSHIRE - Reports increasing

statewide. (Conklin, Sutherland, May 31). VERMONT - Very prevalent on maples;
similar eriophyid mite very prevalent on willows. (MacCollom, June 1).

PENNSYLVANIA - Heavy on maples in Blair County. (Udine). NEW JERSEY -Quite
common throughout State on silver maple. (Ins.-Dis. Newsltr.). NORTH CAROLINA -
Infested maples in Guilford and Wake Counties. (Robertson). NORTH DAKOTA -
Severe deformation of maple foliage observed in several areas in southeast.
(Frye).

EUROPEAN RED MITE (Panonychus ulmi) - VERMONT - Common on mountain-ash and
ornamental fruit trees. (MacCollom, June 1).

AZALEA LEAF MINER (Graciliaria azaleella) - NEW JERSEY - Controls urged on

infested azaleas. (Ins.-Dis. Newsltr.).

RED-BANDED LEAF ROLLER (Argyrotaenia velutinana) - ALABAMA - Light on new growth
of camellia in Dog River area, Mobile County. (Seibels).

IRIS BORER (Macronoctua onusta) - CONNECTICUT - Noted in Bloomfield. (Johnson).

BOLLWORM (Heliothis zea) - OKLAHOMA - Destroying rose buds in Clinton area,
Custer County. (Okla. Coop. Sur.).

= 6195—=

AZALEA BARK SCALE (Eriococcus azaleae) - RHODE ISLAND - Heavy on rhododendron

in North Providence, Providence County; unhatched eggs present. (Mathewson).

NEW YORK - Problem in Nassau County. (N.Y. Wkly. Rpt., June 1). NORTH CAROLINA -
Infested azaleas in Halifax County. (Taylor, Robertson).

ARMORED SCALES - CALIFORNIA - Diaspis boisduvalii heavy on orchid plants locally
in La Mesa and light on Arecastrum romanzoffianum in San Diego, San Diego County.
Lepidosaphes machili heavy locally on cymbidium nursery stock in La Mesa. (Cal.

Coop. Rpt.).

WHITE PEACH SCALE (Pseudaulacaspis pentagona) - CONNECTICUT - Attacking lilacs at
Stamford. (Johnson).

Coceids in Florida - Chrysomphalus aonidum (Florida red scale) locally severe and
damaging sago-palm in nursery in Sarasota County. (Bickner, May 25). All stages
of Aspidiotus spinosus on stem and bark of Camellia sasanqua at Tampa, Hillsborough
County, (Fuller, May 21); adults severely damaging Yucca sp. in nursery at
Dunnellon, Marion County, (Williams, Hill, May 26). All stages of Odonaspis
penicillata general and severely damaging stem of bamboo in nursery at Holly Hill,
Volusia County. (Pott, Holley, May 24). Adults of Fiorinia theae (tea scale)
severely damaging leaves of Camellia sp. in nursery at CryStal River, Citrus
County. (Williams, Hill, May 26).

A MEALYBUG (Phenacoccus dearnessi) - WISCONSIN - Numerous eggs noted; no hatching
observed in Rock County June 1. (Wis. Ins. Sur.).

STRIPED MEALYBUG (Ferrisia virgata) - CALIFORNIA - Light on Asclepias curassavica
in Brawley, Imperial County. (Cal. Coop. Rpt.).

APHIDS - VERMONT - Unspecified species common on many shade trees and ornamental
plants. (MacCollom, June 1). CONNECTICUT - Increasingly noticeable on wide
variety of deciduous and evergreen trees and shrubs; controls recommended.
(Savos). NEW YORK - Schizolachnus piniradiatae crawlers settled; wax secretion
began on Cornell campus at Ithaca May 21. Unspecified species numerous on orna-
mentals in Niagara County. (N.Y. Wkly. Rpt., June 1). NEW JERSEY - Aphid numbers
high on many shrubs and shade trees. (Ins.-Dis. Newsltr.). MARYLAND -
Undetermined species heavy on flowering quince at University Park, Prince

Georges County. Aphis spiraecola (spirea aphid) heavy on spirea on numerous
properties in County. (U. Md., Ent. Dept.). WISCONSIN - Many birches contained
colonies of Calaphis betulaecolens in central area. (Wis. Ins. Sur.). MINNESOTA -
Heavy populations of unspecified species on buckthorn in Minneapolis-St. Paul
area. (Minn. Ins. Rpt.). COLORADO - Eriosoma americanum (woolly elm aphid)
moderate on elms at Fort Collins, Larimer County; causing leaf curl. (Wellso).
UTAH - Several species required controls on various kinds of shade trees at Provo,
Utah County. White and black species curling snowball viburnum leaves at Holden,
Beaver, Nephi and Cedar City. (Knowlton). NEVADA - Periphyllus negundinis
(boxelder aphid) variable, light to heavy on boxelder with much honeydew on
heavily infested trees in Lovelock, Pershing County. (Bechtel). Eriosoma sp.
heavy on leaves of American elm in Reno, Washoe County. (Cooney). CALIFORNIA -
Lachnus salignus infestations appearing on willows; adults heavy on willows in
Fresno, Fresno County. Adults of Neomyzus circumflexus (crescent-marked lily
aphid) light on pansies in nursery in San Luis Obispo, San Luis Obispo County;
this is a new county record. (Cal. Coop. Rpt.).

A FLATID PLANTHOPPER (Metcalfa pruinosa) - ALABAMA - Medium and widespread on
camellias, azaleas and other ornamentals in Dog River and Dauphin Island areas,
Mobile County. (Seibels).

AN ACANALONIID PLANTHOPPER (Acanalonia latifrons) - FLORIDA - Nymphs taken on
stem of azalea at Gainesville, Alachua County, May 27; reared to adult and
emerged June 1. (Dekle, Barbot, Merkle).

= 620 -

A TREEHOPPER (Umbonia crassicornis) - FLORIDA - All stages localized and moderately
damaging stem and leaves of powder-puff bush (Calleandra californica) in nursery
at Ormond Beach, Volusia County. This is a new county record and northernmost

record for State. (Pott, May 21).

MEADOW SPITTLEBUG (Philaenus spumarius) - RHODE ISLAND - Common on chrysanthemum
in East Greenwich, Kent County. (Mathewson).

LACE BUGS - CONNECTICUT - Various species feeding on andromeda, azalea, rhododen-
dron, sycamore, oak and hawthorn; controls recommended. (Savos). NEW YORK -

Heavy on andromeda in Rockland County. (N.Y. Wkly. Rpt., June 1). NEW JERSEY -
High populations on many shrubs and shade trees. (Ins.-Dis. Newsltr.). MARYLAND -
Adults of Stephanitis pyrioides (azalea lace bug) appearing on azaleas and eggs

of undetermined species present on cotoneaster and pyracantha at University Park,
Prince Georges County. (U. Md., Ent. Dept.).

ROSE CHAFER (Macrodactylus subspinosus) - RHODE ISLAND - First adult of season
collected in Peace Dale, Washington County. (Mathewson). DELAWARE - Adults
fairly common; feeding on magnolia blossoms locally in New Castle County.
(Burbutis). MICHIGAN - Emergence expected soon. (Wallner).

A SCARAB (Dichelonyx albicollis) - DELAWARE - Several adults collected in black-
light trap May 26 and 27; det. by W. A. Connell. (Burbutis).

HOLLYHOCK WEEVIL (Apion longirostre) - MARYLAND - Adults heavily puncturing flower
buds of hollyhocks at Carrollton, Prince Georges County. (U. Md., Ent. Dept.).

ERIOPHYID MITES - MARYLAND - Undetermined species destructive to privet at
University Park, Prince Georges County. (U. Md., Ent. Dept.). NEW MEXICO -
Causing formation of galls on flowering parts of cottonwood trees at Alamogordo,
Otero County. (Wade). Noted on cottonwoods near Anthony, Dona Ana County.
(Mathews).

SPIDER MITES (Tetranychus spp.) - OKLAHOMA - Moderate to heavy on various
ornamentals in Cotton, Bryan, Woodward, Cleveland and Noble Counties. (Okla.

Coop. Sur.).

TUMID SPIDER MITE (Tetranychus tumidus) - FLORIDA - All stages scattered and
severely damaging stem and leaves of croton in nursery at Tampa, Hillsborough
County. (Hale, May 26).

MITES - GEORGIA - Heavy on English-laurel and holly in Athens area. (Coleman).

THRIPS - MARYLAND - Undetermined species heavily blasting rose flowers on
properties in Prince Georges and Talbot Counties. (U. Md., Ent. Dept.). NORTH
CAROLINA - Damaging rose blossoms in Iredell County. (Franklin, Mount).

A SNOWY TREE CRICKET (Oecanthus sp.) - ALABAMA - Light on new growth of camellias
in Dog River area, Mobile County. (Seibels).

MILLIPEDS - ALABAMA - Becoming quite numerous in gardens around annual flowers and
in mulch around shrubs; causing concern to homeowners in Fayette, Jefferson,
Lee and other counties. (Pitts, Hagler et al.).

INSECTS AFFECTING MAN AND ANIMALS

MOSQUITOES - UTAH - Annoying in Manti-Ephraim meadow areas of Sanpete County.
(Knowlton). COLORADO - First to third-stage larvae, probably Culex tarsalis,
moderate in swampy areas of Larimer County. (Thatcher). OKLAHOMA - Several
species heavy in Kay, Payne, Noble, Kingfisher, Le Flore and Okmulgee Counties.
Psorophora ferox and P. cyanescens collected in Le Flore County; P. ciliata,
P. confinnis, P. signipennis and Aedes sollicitans found in Okmulgee County.

— 621 —-

Aedes atropalpus larvae taken in Muskogee County. (Okla. Coop. Sur.). SOUTH
DAKOTA — Undetermined species emerging in large numbers in Brookings and Minnehaha
Counties. Larger than normal population expected this year. (Jones). IOWA -
Fourth-stage larvae of Culex tarsalis collected May 27 at Davenport in residual
pools from Mississippi River flood; averaged 4 per 100 dips. If populations

build up, control should be prompt. (Iowa Ins. Inf., June 1). MINNESOTA - Aedes
vexans chief species found in 16 light traps operated by Metropolitan Mosquito
Control District week ending May 29; a total of 5,737 females collected in 1

trap at Bethel, northern Anoka County. Of 477 A. abserratus, 432 taken at Bethel.
Culiseta inornata numered 365, A. vexans main Species in evening biting collec-
tions; A. sticticus chief species in daytime collections. A. sticticus totaled
11,104. Following flood, increase in nuisance expected in 10-14 days. As of

June 4, adult populations highest in Anoka, western Hennepin, south southwest
Scott Counties. (Minn, Ins. Rpt.). WISCONSIN - Mosquitoes plentiful and biting
viciously throughout most of State. Cattle reported annoyed while grazing.

(Wis. Ins. Sur.). MICHIGAN - Large annoying populations of Aedes adults persist
over State. Heavy samplings taken at all blacklight stations. (Newman, Schroder).
VERMONT - Undetermined species troublesome over State. (MacCollom, June 1).
ALABAMA - A general increase in mosquito populations in Lee, Chambers, Randolph
and Clay Counties. (Barwood).

HORN FLY (Haematobia irritans) - GEORGIA - Average of 165 per animal on a herd in
Spalding County. (Roberts). MARYLAND - Annoying cattle in Worcester County.
(Thompson). OHIO - On backs of Hereford cattle near Wyandot, Wyandot County.
Many steers with 100 or more flies per back. (Rose). WISCONSIN - Problem in
several areas. (Wis. Ins. Sur.). IOWA - Sharp increase in numbers on cattle
during week. Counts of 15-20 flies per animal. (Iowa Ins. Inf., June 1).

SOUTH DAKOTA —- Common on cattle in Charles Mix County; 50 per side. (Jones).
NEBRASKA - Light populations in northeast counties. (Rhine). MISSOURI - Popula-
tions appear to remain constant at 150-250 per animal in herds used for face

fly population studies. (Thomas). OKLAHOMA - Counts by county as follows:

Atoka 8,000-10,000 on bulls, 1,500-2,500 on steers and cows; Beaver 50-500 per
head; Tillman 800 per head on bulls, 600 per head on cows. Heavy on cattle in
Cotton, Comanche, Choctaw, Bryan, Cleveland, Woodward and Pawnee Counties;
moderate in Craig County; light in Mayes County. (Okla. Coop. Sur.).

TABANIDS - MARYLAND - Chrysops callida and C. nigribimbo very abundant and
annoying to persons working outdoors in Anne Arundel and Worcester Counties.
Chrysops spp. attacking cattle in Worcester County. (Thompson). GEORGIA -
Moderate to heavy infestations of a horse fly on dairy animals in Hancock County.
(Ellis). ALABAMA - Heavy infestations of Tabanus spp. on dairy and beef cattle
in Chambers County. AS many as 12 adults on some animals. (Stephenson).
OKLAHOMA - Tabanus lineola complex averaged 1 per head of cattle in Atoka County.
Unspecified horse flies heavy in Choctaw County. (Okla. Coop. Sur.). MICHIGAN -
First adult activity of Chrysops sp. noted in Livingston County. (Newman).

STABLE FLY (Stomoxys calcitrans) - IOWA - Sharp increase in numbers on cattle

during week. Counts of 4-8 flies per animal. (Iowa Ins. Inf., June 1).
OKLAHOMA - Averaged 4 per head of cattle in Payne County. Reported heavy on horses
and cows in Choctaw and Comanche Counties. (Okla. Coop. Sur.).

BITING MIDGES - UTAH - Undetermined ceratopogonids numerous and very annoying
south of Vego and Dixie State Park in Washington County. (Knowlton). ARIZONA -
Culicoides spp. a nuisance to people in the Verde Valley and surrounding.

Valley areas in Maricopa, Yavapai and Coconino Counties. (Ariz. Coop. Sur.).

FACE FLY (Musca autumnalis) - NEW HAMPSHIRE - Larvae collected at Brentwood and
Hampton in Rockingham County, and at Durham in Strafford County. (Morse, May 26).
OHIO - Counts on Herefords 4-30 per animal in herd of 25 near Wyandot, Wyandot
County. Most of cattle with small numbers of flies and only 2 with about 30 flies
on their faces. (Rose). SOUTH DAKOTA - Black Angus calves in Charles Mix County
with 4-5 flies per face; averaged less than 1 per face on cows and bulls. (Jones).

= 622 -

NEBRASKA - Light (1-2 per head) in northeast counties. (Rhine). MISSOURI -
Averaged 3 per face in Macon County and 2 per face in Boone County on cattle in
herds used for population studies. (Thomas).

HOUSE FLY (Musca domestica) - VERMONT - Dry weather has kept populations low.
(MacCollom, June 1). WISCONSIN - Becoming more noticeable. (Wis. Ins. Sur.).
OKLAHOMA - Counts averaged 15 per Scudder grid in untreated barns in Stillwater
area of Payne County. (Okla. Coop. Sur.).

BLACK FLIES - VERMONT - Troublesome in all areas. (MacCollom, June 1). MICHIGAN -
Annoying populations in Chippewa County. (Newman).

EYE GNATS - IOWA - Extremely annoying in northwest area. Clouds of the flies
surrounded heads of field workers. Gnats crawled around eyes and were inhaled.
Repellents ineffective. (Iowa Ins. Inf., June 1).

CATTLE GRUBS (Hypoderma spp.) -— MICHIGAN - Adults annoying cattle in Livingston
County, June 2. First seasonal note. (Dowdy).

FLEAS (Ctenocephalides spp.) - OKLAHOMA - Larvae heavy in homes and dog houses
in Tulsa County. Okla. Coop. Sur.).

YUCCA PLANT BUG (Halticotoma valida) - SOUTH CAROLINA - Caused painful bites on
man at Walhalla, Oconee County. (Nettles et al., June 1).

AMERICAN DOG TICK (Dermacentor variabilis) - NEW HAMPSHIRE - Adults observed on
heifers at Amherst, Hillsboro County, June 2. (Sutherland). MICHIGAN - Ten

specimens from Marquette County where species reported numerous. (Nyquist).
CALIFORNIA - Two dogs in Amador County affected by paralysis of the hind
quarters. Animals recovered within 24 hours following tick removal. (E. Loomis).

PACIFIC COAST TICK (Dermacentor occidentalis) - CALIFORNIA - Specimens recovered
from a dairy cow and a calf suffering from tick paralysis on separate ranches in
Calaveras County. Within one hour after tick removal, both animals were up.
(Calle Coop.. Rpt:

TICKS - OKLAHOMA - Reported heavy in Choctaw and Cherokee Counties and moderate

in Bryan County. Amblyomma americanum (lone star tick) averaged 400 and Ixodes
scapularis (black-legged tick) averaged 2 per head on cattle in Atoka County.
(Okla. Coop. Sur.). ALABAMA - An unusually large number of larval ticks of an
undetermined species noted along roadsides in Clay County. (Barwood). WISCONSIN -
Undetermined species activity high. (Wis. Ins. Sur.).

HOUSEHOLD AND STRUCTURAL INSECTS

COCKROACHES - NEW MEXICO - Problem in number of homes; mostly Blatta orientalis
(oriental cockroach) in Las Cruces area, Dona Ana County. Appear to be moving
from lawns and outside debris. (Campbell).

A SPRINGTAIL (Hypogastrura sp.) - OKLAHOMA - Millions present in and around home
in Tillman County; apparently coming from small holes in ground along foundation.
(Okla. Coop. Sur.).

ANTS - UTAH - Pogonomyrmex occidentalis (western harvester ant) and other species
troublesome about homes and yards at Gunlock, Washington County. Tiny black ants
infesting number of homes at Cedar City, Iron County. (Knowlton). FLORIDA -
Pheidole floridana and Paratretchina longicornis (crazy ant) adults taken in home,
clothing and other places at Clearwater Beach, Pinellas County. (Allen, May 26).

CARPENTER BEE (Xylocopa virginica) - NORTH CAROLINA - Boring into weather boards
of Wake County home. (Wray).

- 623 -

LEAD-CABLE BORER (Scobicia declivis) - CALIFORNIA - Adults heavy in wood of
buildings locally in Auburn, Placer County. (Cal. Coop. Rpt.).

DERMESTID BEETLES - UTAH - Infested food in home at Spanish Fork, Utah County.
(Knowlton). NEBRASKA - Dermestes lardarius (larder beetle) noted in homes in
Platte and Washington Counties. (Rhine).

MIDGES - CONNECTICUT - Very annoying to householders at Old Saybrook. (Johnson).

STORED-PRODUCT INSECTS

A DERMESTID BEETLE (Trogoderma glabrum) - FLORIDA - Larvae and adults taken on
wheat at railroad company at Lakeland, Polk County. (Robnett, May 17).

GRAIN MITE (Acarus siro) - PENNSYLVANIA - Heavy on grain in bins in Bradford
County. (Guffey, Apr. 20).

POTATO TUBERWORM (Gnorimoschema operculellum) - UTAH - No increase noted in very
light infestation in storage in Enterprise-Beryl area of Washington and Iron
Counties. (Knowlton).

COCKROACHES - SOUTH CAROLINA - In feed at dairy irf Spartanburg County. (Nettles
et al., June 1).

BENEFICIAL INSECTS

LADY BEETLES - FLORIDA - Hippodamia convergens (convergent lady beetle) and other
lady beetles light on Chinese cabbage infested with Myzus persicae (green peach
aphid) at Belle Glade. (Genung, May 26). ALABAMA - Coleomegilla maculata
fuscilabris noted in wheat in Mobile County. (Seibels, Dillier). INDIANA -
Adults of Several species common in wheat, alfalfa and clover in southern half
of State; ranged 2-5 per 10 feet of row in wheat and 2-5 per sweep in alfalfa
and clover. (Huber). MINNESOTA - Aphid predators, primarily lady beetles, not
abundant enough. (Minn. Ins. Rpt.). ARKANSAS - Lady beetles, primarily H.
convergens numbers continue high; 150-200 per 100 sweeps in alfalfa in Arkansas
River Valley. (Ark. Ins. Sur.). UTAH - Reduced aphid population on cutleaf
weeping birch and weeping willow at Farmington, Davis County. Adults and larvae
of 3 species reduced aphid infestations on sycamore maple; assisted in reducing
aphid infestations on paper birch and Corylus sp. at Logan, Cache County. Aphid
population on weeping willow being controlled. (Knowlton). NEVADA - Numerous
in most Acyrthosiphon pisum (pea aphid) infested alfalfa fields in Churchill,
Douglas, Lander, Lyon, Pershing and Washoe Counties. (Coop. Rpt.).

FIERY HUNTER (Calosoma calidum) - ALABAMA - Adults rather heavy in wheat where
Pseudaletia unipuncta (armyworm) was previously a problem in Mobile County.

(Seibels, Dillier).

A SOLDIER BEETLE -— INDIANA - Adults abundant in alfalfa in east central areas of
State; ranged 2-8 per sweep in areas of Franklin County. (Huber).

BIG-EYED BUGS (Geocoris spp.) - FLORIDA - Five adults and 3 nymphs per 50 sweeps

on yellow lupine and 7 adults and 8 nymphs per 100 sweeps on alfalfa at Gainesville,
Alachua County. (Mead). NEVADA -- Present but not numerous in Acyrthosiphon

pisum (pea aphid) infested alfalfa in Churchill, Douglas, Lander, Lyon,

Pershing and Washoe Counties. (Coop. Rpt.).

DAMSEL BUGS - NEVADA - Present but not numerous in Acyrthosiphon pisum (pea
aphid) infested alfalfa fields in Churchill, Douglas, Lander, Lyon, Pershing
and Washoe Counties. (Coop. Rpt.).

- 624 -

A FLOWER BUG (Orius insidiosus) - FLORIDA - Total of 20 adults collected in 100
sweeps on young alfalfa at Gainesville, Alachua County. (Mead). ARKANSAS -
Increased in Arkansas River Valley; 300-400 per 100 sweeps in alfalfa; sudden
increase apparently due in part to immigration. Nearly all adults. (Ark. Ins.
Super

SPINED SOLDIER BUG (Podisus maculiventris) - ALABAMA - Adults rather heavy in wheat
in Mobile County where Pseudaletia unipuncta (armyworm) was previously a problem.
(Seibels, Dillier).

FLOWER FLIES - FLORIDA - Activity apparently below normal at Belle Glade.
(Genung, May 26). UTAH - Assisted in reducing aphid infestations on paper birch
and Corylus sp. at Logan, Cache County. (Knowlton).

PARASITIC WASPS - NEVADA - Numerous in most Acyrthosiphon pisum (pea aphid)
infested alfalfa fields in Churchill, Douglas, Lander, Lyon, Pershing and Washoe
Counties. (Coop. Rpt.).

MISCELLANEOUS INSECTS

JAPANESE BEETLE (Popillia japonica) - SOUTH CAROLINA - First adult of season
collected in trap in Columbia, Richland County, May 17. NORTH CAROLINA - First
adult collected in trap in New Hanover County on May 20. (PPC, South. Reg.).

WHITE-FRINGED BEETLES (Graphognathus spp.)- ARKANSAS - Survey of 14 properties
in Poinsett and St. Francis Counties negative. (Ark. Ins. Sur.). GEORGIA -
First emergence of season in Clayton County. (Vanderford).

IMPORTED FIRE ANT (Solenopsis saevissima richteri) - ARKANSAS - Collected in
Chicot County. This is a new county record. (Ark. Ins. Sur.).

EUROPEAN EARWIG (Forficula auricularia) - CALIFORNIA —- Adults heavy in yard in
Cucamonga, San Bernardino County. (Cal. Coop. Rpt.).

PAINTED LADY (Vanessa cardui) - UTAH - Migrating adults noted in Beryl-Enterprise
area of Iron and Washington Counties. (Knowlton).

ADDITIONAL NOTES

MASSACHUSETTS - ALFALFA WEEVIL (Hypera postica) larvae ranged 244-3,660 per 100
sweeps in western area; some pupae and one newly emerged adult noted. Damage
varied light to severe. PEA APHID (Acythosiphon pisum) light, ranged 5-42 per
100 sweeps on legumes. PLANT BUGS per 100 sweeps of legumes in western area as
follows: TARNISHED PLANT BUG (Lygus lineolaris) 3-21, with some nymphs present;
MEADOW PLANT BUG (Leptopterna dolabratus) 4-15; first nymphs of ALFALFA PLANT BUG
(Adelphocoris lineolatus) observed. LEAFHOPPERS per 100 sweeps in same area
ranged aS follows: POTATO LEAFHOPPER (Empoasca fabae) 1-3; PAINTED LEAFHOPPER
(Endria inimica) 2-17; Errastunus ocellaris 5-230; CLOVER LEAFHOPPER (Aceratagallia
sanguinolenta) 2-7; SIX-SPOTTED LEAFHOPPER (Macrosteles fascifrons) 2-5.
SPITTLEBUGS variable in legumes in western part of State; sufficiently numerous

in some Berkshire County fields to reduce length of internodes; nymphs half to two-
thirds grown. (Shaw). CODLING MOTH (Carpocapsa pomonella) major pest of fruit.
Eggs should hatch within 7-20 days, depending on prevailing temperatures.

EUROPEAN RED MITE (Panonychus ulmi) and TWO-SPOTTED SPIDER MITE (Tetranychus
telarius) now in trees and laying summer eggs. EUROPEAN CORN BORER (Ostrinia
nubilalis) adults laying eggs; heavy deposition expected | on corn 10-12 inches

high at the whorl whenever evening temperatures reach 60°F, or higher during next
2 weeks. Protective sprays should be applied to prevent injury from earliest
borers. CORN BLOTCH LEAF MINER (Agromyza parvicornis) adults active; laying eggs
in some corn. COLORADO POTATO BEETLE (Leptinotarsa decemlineata) abundant on some

=) 625) —

potato plantings; heavy egg laying underway. Climbing CUTWORMS plaguing growers
of vegetables, ornamentals and fruit. (Crop Pest Cont. Mess., June 7).

KANSAS - Slight feeding on leaves of wheat by ARMYWORMS noted in Saline County.
ALFALFA PLANT BUG (Adelphocoris lineolatus) infested potatoes in Riley County.
Damage to alfalfa generally confined to slower buds and developing seeds. PLANT
BUGS (unspecified) reported infesting honeylocust in few instances. (Sur. Rpt.,
May 28). GRASSHOPPERS abundant in fence rows in Neosho County. Improved
moisture conditions of past 2 weeks Should produce principal egg hatch of summer.
ELM LEAF BEETLE (Galerucella xanthomelaena) severely damage Chinese elms. Adults
of SOD WEBWORMS (Crambus spp.) noted in bluegrass lawns; damaged by larvae in
sunny areas can be expected in untreated or improperly watered lawns. (Sur.
Rpt., June 7).

IDAHO - ALFALFA WEEVIL (Hypera postica) spread northward in Latah County; infest-
ing alfalfa 6 miles north of Potlatch on U.S. Highway 95. (Bishop, Portman).

Heavy larval infestation found in western Jerome County May 31 caused severe
damage. (Priest). Fifth-instar nymphs of a GRASS BUG (Labops sp.) ranged up to
60 per square foot in field of crested wheatgrass in Coral Conservation Reserve.
Grass in heaviest infested area yellow; remainder of field flecked. Infested
fields total approximately 600 acres. First adults of a CLOVER BUD CATERPILLAR
(Grapholitha conversana) adults of season collected north of Moscow. (Bishop,
Portman). Populations of an unspecified GRASS BUG ranged up to 1,000 per square
foot in beet leafhopper host areas west of Orchard and south of Mountain Home

May 20. (PPC). Melanoplus bivittatus (two-striped grasshopper) and Oedeleonotus
enigma nymphs (first and second instars) ranged 5-10 per square yard in Lucky

Peak area, Ada County. Population of first to third instar nymphs of O. enigma
west of Orchard averaged 25 per square yard; first to fourth instars ranged 5-10
per square yard south of Bruneau, Owyhee County. (PPC, May 19). CURRANT BORER
(Ramosia tipuliformis) - Three males reared from infested gooseberry canes at
Orofino. (Fitzsimmons, Portman). Large population of GREEN PEACH APHID (Myzus
persicae) infesting backyard plum trees in Parma. (Waters). COTTONY MAPLE SCALE
(Pulvinaria innumerabilis) heavy on many maple trees in Homedale. (Homan).

A FALSE SPIDER MITE (Pentamerismus erythreus) infested arborvitae hedge at Caldwell.
(Bechtolt). MEALYBUGS infested maple trees at Bonners Ferry and Oregon-grape and
other shrubs at Moscow. (Ingle, Portman). SPRUCE NEEDLE MINER (Taniva
albolineana) found in infested spruce twig at Bonners Ferry; larvae predominate

in infestations in Moscow. (Ingle, Portman). First large emergence of a
LEAFCUTTING BEE (Megachile rotundata) reported near Parma, Canyon County, June 2.
(Waters). LADY BEETLES frequently encountered in McMullen and Cottonwood Creeks
area of South Hills in Twin Falls County and in Mountain Home and Bruneau areas.
(PPC). MEADOW SPITTLEBUG (Philaenus spumarius) nymphs generally infesting ornamen-
tals and strawberries. (Portman, May 23). Populations lower than in 1964 in Latah
County. (Futter).

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= 628 =

STATUS OF THE SCREW-WORM (Cochliomyia hominivorax) IN THE SOUTHWEST

During the period May 30 - June 5, a total of 39 cases was reported in the Southwestern
Eradication area as follows by State and county: TEXAS - Terrell, Kinney, Uvalde,
Dimmit, Webb, Jim Hogg, Bandera 1 each, Medina 7, Frio 5, Live Oak 3; ARIZONA - Cochise
4, Santa Cruz 2, Pima 2; NEW MEXICO - Hidalgo 4, Grant 5. The Republic of Mexico
reported 135 cases: Sonora 54, Chihuahua 16, Coahuila 14, Nuevo Leon 3, Tamaulipas 4,
Veracruz 8, San Luis Potosi 4, Durango 19, Territory of Baja California Sur 13. Sterile
screw-worm flies released: Texas 13,928,250, Arizona 4,232,000, New Mexico 2,372,000,
the Republic of Mexico 108,788,250.
Ratio of Positive Cases
Positive Cases Negative Cases to 100 Cases Negative

Year Current Cumulative Current Cumulative Current Cumulative

Table 1. Comparison of specimens reported during corresponding weeks in 1963 and
1964 in Southwestern Eradication Area. (1965 area figures include cases
reported from Arizona and/or California; 1964 figures reflect those from
the 5-State area).

1963 ILC 1,347 213 3,451 83.09 39.03
1964 6 CU 187 3,416 3.20 2.29
1965 39 123 160 2,502 24.37 4.91

Table 2. Comparison of specimens reported during corresponding weeks and in a

corresponding area in 1964 in the United States-Mexico Barrier Zone.*

1964 56 537 82 814 68.29 69...97
1965 114 L059 64 925 178.12 166.37
Table 2A. Mexican portion of Barrier Zone only.
1964 47 490 36 257 130.55 190.66
1965 91 1,424 Sal 488 293.54 291.80
* Barrier Zone - Area in which screw-worm eradication operations are being carried
out in an effort to prevent establishment of self-sustaining screw-worm popula-
tion in the United States. (Anim. Dis. Erad. Div.)
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AGRICULTURAL RESEARCH SERVICE

PLANT PEST CONTROL DIVISION

SURVEY AND DETECTION OPERATIONS

The Cooperative Economic Insect Report is issued
weekly as a service to American Agriculture. Its contents
are compiled from information supplied by cooperating State,
Federal, and industrial entomologists and other agricultural
workers. In releasing this material the Division serves as
a clearing house and does rot assume responsibility for ac-
curacy of the material.

All correspondence pertaining to additions, dele-
tions and changes of addresses for the mailing
list for this report should be sent to:

Service Operations Division
Office of Plant and Operations
United States Department of Agriculture
Washington, D. C. 20250

Reports and inquiries pertaining to this release
should be mailed to:

Survey and Detection Operations
Plant Pest Control Division
Agricultural Research Service
United States Department of Agriculture
Federal Center Building
Hyattsville, Maryland 20781

Volume 15 June 18, 1965 Number 25
COOPERATIVE ECONOMIC INSECT REPORT
HIGHLIGHTS:

ALFALFA WEEVIL remains a problem on alfalfa in many areas. Larval numbers and
damage variable in Mason and Smith Valleys, Nevada; activity increased in Wyoming;
damaging numbers noted in some alfalfa in South Dakota; much more serious in
Broome County, New York, than expected. Found for first time in 4 counties in
Indiana and 3 counties in Ohio. (p. 631). VARIEGATED CUTWORM damaging alfalfa in
California. PEA APHID heavy on alfalfa in Nevada; slight increases noted in
Wyoming. (p. 632). Various PLANT BUGS of concern on legumes in several areas.
LEAFHOPPER populations increasing on legumes in various sections of the Nation.
(p. 633, 663). ARMYWORMS of concern in small grains and grasses. ARMYWORM
(Pseudaletia unipuncta) outbreaks requiring controls reported in Michigan; weather
factors and effects on natural enemies of this pest will be of major significance;
general moth flight continues. P. unipuncta caused heavy injury to corn and oats
in Delaware; severe on oats and heavily damaged grass for sod in Maryland; serious
in southern New Jersey, where future generations could be more destructive in
August and September than at present. (pp. 634-635). CUTWORMS continue a problem
on several crops. BLACK CUTWORM damaged corn in Wisconsin and Indiana, soybeans
in Ohio, and caused loss of 1,000 acres of sunflower and field corn in California.
SOD WEBWORMS (Crambus spp.) damaged corn in Maryland, Ohio and Wisconsin, lawns in
New Jersey and South Dakota. (p. 635). EUROPEAN CORN BORER larvae heavy in sweet
corn in New Jersey, feeding on corn in North Carolina, Missouri and Indiana, adults
taken in rather sizable numbers in light traps in Michigan with heavy egg laying
expected in Connecticut. Pupation complete in Illinois except in extreme northern
section. CORN ROOTWORMS (Diabrotica spp.) reported in corn in Missouri, Indiana
and South Dakota; high populations expected in late June and July in South Dakota.
(p. 636). GRASSHOPPER egg hatch increasing in areas of Utah but continued light
in western and southern South Dakota; heavy on rangeland in Oklahoma. RED—LEGGED
GRASSHOPPER more noticeable in southern Wisconsin. (pp. 638, 639, 663).

CODLING MOTH active in several States; larvae damaged some fruit and adults taken
in bait traps; considerable egg laying noted in Massachusetts. Adults of several
FRUIT PESTS appearing and some damage noted. (pp. 640, 641, 663). TOMATO PINWORM
heavy in tomatoes in California, larvae of DIAMONDBACK MOTH destructive to cabbage
in Maryland, and SPINACH LEAF MINER damaged 75 percent of sugar beets in Leland
area of Utah. (pp. 643, 644). TOBACCO FLEA BEETLE destructive and unspecified
THRIPS heavy on newly set tobacco in tobacco-growing areas of Maryland. (p. 647).

BOLL WEEVIL emergence increased considerably in South Carolina; need for protect-
ive applications very important; emergence much earlier and heavier than in past
10 years in Covington County, Alabama. Weevils heavy in some fields in areas of
Mississippi; sharp increase in winter survival indicates possibility of high
populations. (p. 647). CABBAGE LOOPER and BEET ARMYWORM increasing on cotton in
Pahrump Valley, Nevada. CUTWORMS greater problem on cotton throughout San Joaquin
Valley of California this season. (p. 648). SPIDER MITES heavily damaged cotton
in North Carolina and damaging cotton in Arizona; controls urged on field borders
in Tennessee. (p. 649).

ELM LEAF BEETLE damaging in several States. (p. 651, 663). COTTONY MAPLE SCALE
outbreak severe in North Olmsted, Ohio. (p. 652). ROSE CHAFER emergence noted
in New England and Michigan. (p. 654). MOSQUITOES heavy in Michigan, Wisconsin,
Minnesota and Nebraska; annoying to man and livestock in several areas. (p. 656).
HORSE FLIES and DEER FLIES heavy and annoying to man and livestock. (p. 657).
JAPANESE BEETLE emergence noted in New Jersey. (p. 659).

CORRECTIONS and ADDITIONAL NOTES

See pages 659 and 663 respectively.

= G80) =
DETECTION

An undescribed SPIDER MITE (Schizonobia sp.) reported for the first time in North
America at Santa Ana Heights, Orange County, California. Only other species is
the genotype, S. sycophanta Womersley, which infests Bermuda grass in Australia.
(p. 659). New county records included: ALFALFA WEEVIL (Hypera postica) in Martin
Green, Clay and Owen Counties, Indiana,and Lorain, Huron and Erie Counties, Ohio. 4
(p. 631). A WEEVIL (Cosmobaris americana) in Yuba County, California. (p. 637).
CEREAL LEAF BEETLE (Oulema melanopa) in Delaware and Henry Counties, Indiana, and
Kankakee County, Illinois. (p. 637). ELM LEAF BEETLE (Galerucella xanthomelaena)
in Clark County, Nevada. (p. 651). A PIT SCALE (Asterolecanium arabidis) in Kern
County, California. (p. 653). FACE FLY (Musca autumnalis) in Pettis County,
Missouri, and Madison County, North Carolina. (p. 656). BROWN-BANDED COCKROACH
(Supella supellectilium) in Lawrence County, Pennsylvania. (p. 657). AN
ICHNEUMON (Bathyplectes curculionis) in Vermillion County, Illinois. (p. 659).
IMPORTED FIRE ANT (Solenopsis saevissima richteri) in Cullman County, Alabama,

and Berrien County, Georgia. (p. 659).

SPECIAL REPORTS

Status of the Screw-worm in the Southwest. (p. 662).

Reports in this issue are for week ending June 11, unless otherwise indicated.

WEATHER OF THE WEEK ENDING JUNE 14

HIGHLIGHTS: (1) Tragic flash flood, Sanderson, Texas. (2) Beneficial rains, most
agricultural areas. (3) Drought broken in Florida, relieved in New England.

TEMPERATURE: Most areas of the United States averaged slightly warmer when com-—
pared with the previous week. Weekly averages were above normal in the Far North-—
west and slightly above normal from eastern Oklahoma to the Great Lakes. Compared
to normal it was coolest over New Mexico with other cool spots in Wyoming and
northern Alabama. Daily maximum temperatures were generally in the 80's and 90's
over the southern half of the Nation. By Friday and Saturday, 80° temperatures
occurred as far north as Minnesota. The Northeast had a warm first portion
followed by cooling. Burlington, Vermont, reported 92° on Monday but by the
weekend the afternoon temperatures were in the 50's and 60's from Pennsylvania

northeastward.

PRECIPITATION: Spotty thunder showers brought rain to most agricultural areas.
Amounts were not unusually heavy in the West but central and eastern locations
received substantial rains on several days. Totals from 3 to 5 inches were common
from Texas to the Atlantic Ocean. Generous rains ended the drought in Florida
and brought at least temporary relief from Pennsylvania to New England. Long
Island and vicinity and parts of Virginia, eastern Maryland, and Delaware are
still dry. Rains of 8 to 10 inches caused flash flooding in Sanderson, Texas,
killing at least 16 persons, leaving one-fifth of the population homeless, and
destroying one-third of the business establishments. Flash flooding also
occurred west of Emporia, Kansas; at Oberlin, Kansas; and at Hawarden, Iowa.
Tornadoes occurred from the central and southern Great Plains to the Carolinas.
(Summary supplied by U.S. Weather Bureau).

- 631 -

CEREAL AND FORAGE INSECTS

ALFALFA WEEVIL (Hypera postica) - NEVADA - Larval numbers and damage variable,
light to heavy, in Mason and Smith Valleys, Lyon County. Poor control in some

fields; required retreating. (Lauderdal, Rivers). Many fields being cut in
Lovelock, Pershing County, but some fields to be cut in 2 weeks now have counts
of 60 or more per sweep and will require treatment. (Arnett). Larvae varied

from small to full grown in Lyon and Pershing Counties; averaged less than one
per sweep in Orovada, Humboldt County. (Lundahl). UTAH - Light to very light in
alfalfa in Kanab-Glendale area, Kane County. Larval outbreak serious and damaging
in Sanpete County, with calcium arsenate applied to several hundred acres;
seriously damaged alfalfa at Moab, Grand County, and at some locations in Sanpete
County. (Thornley, Knowlton). NEW MEXICO - Larvae, probably H. postica, ranged
8-15 per 25 sweeps in alfalfa checked near San Pedro, Rio Arriba County. Some
damage noted. (Heninger). COLORADO - Larvae varied 40-100 per 100 sweeps in
alfalfa in Otero, Crowley and Pueblo Counties; very few present in some fields
and 1,000 per 100 sweeps noted in other fields. Adults low in number, Larvae
pupating; 1-2 percent parasitized. (Schweissing). Larvae ranged 300-500 per

100 sweeps in heavily infested alfalfa in Mesa and Delta Counties; fields being
cut. (Bulla). WYOMING - Activity increased slightly in alfalfa in Goshen County;
larvae ranged 70-100 and adults 10-15 per 100 sweeps. Larvae ranged 200-250 per
100 sweeps in volunteer alfalfa in borrow pits and abandoned fields having poor
stands. Damage to alfalfa negligible in most instances. Harvesting of first crop
underway in Goshen County area. (Marks). NEBRASKA - Averaged 12 per 50 sweeps
in alfalfa 5 miles south of Cozad, Dawson County. (Rhine). SOUTH DAKOTA -
Damaging numbers present in alfalfa in Lawrence County; intensive survey showed
135 adults and 155 larvae per 100 sweeps; this in contrast to previous years when
counts usually averaged less than 5 per 100 sweeps. Mating still occurring.
Larvae primarily in first and second instars, mostly first instar. Haying began
May 1 in Lawrence County; heavy damage to first-crop alfalfa not expected if
weather permits timely removal. However, possibility of considerable damage to
second crop exists. (Jones). NORTH DAKOTA - Averaged 3 per 10 sweeps on alfalfa
between Golva, Golden Valley County, and Marmarth, Slope County. (Frye).

ILLINOIS - Larvae varied 0-8 (average 3) per 100 sweeps in alfalfa in Hardin,
Pulaski, Johnson and Massac Counties. No feeding damage observed, All cocoons
examined were empty. Adults still present; some killed by fungus. (Dysart).
INDIANA - Found for first time in Martin, Greene, Clay and Owen Counties. Adults
and larvae light in southern third of State; adults ranged 1-2 per 5 sweeps and
larvae 1-2 per 10 sweeps. All fields checked in second growth. (Huber, White).
OHIO - Found for first time in Lorain, Huron and Erie Counties, Counts as
follows: 4 larvae per 50 sweeps in Lorain and Huron Counties, 3 larvae per 100
sweeps in Erie County. Only 11 counties in northwest corner of State not known

to be infested. (Rose). In southern part of State, adults noted feeding on
variety of crops within proximity of alfalfa; snap beans, peppers, tomatoes,
potatoes, strawberries and soybeans affected. (Gehres et al.). NORTH CAROLINA -
Reported damaging ladino clover in Yancey County field. Det. by D. A. Mount,
(Dillingham). NEW YORK - Late-stage larvae and adults readily found throughout
infested areas. Pupating in unsprayed fields in Ulster County. Light to moderate
damage from Schoharie Valley east in Schoharie County. Infestations much more
serious than expected in Broome County. (N.Y. Wkly. Rpt., June 7), MASSACHUSETTS -
Population apparently beyond peak in western area; ranged 450-1,700 per 100 sweeps.
Newly emerged adults recovered. (Shaw). VERMONT - Larvae, mostly second and
third stage, average 9-10 per sweep in Benson area. Damaged about 50 percent of
stand. (MacCollom, June 8).

BEAN LEAF BEETLE (Cerotoma trifurcata) - INDIANA — Adults common on soybeans
throughout southern half of State; light to medium injury evident on 25 percent
of plants in some fields. (Huber, White).

A SPOTTED CUCUMBER BEETLE (Diabrotica undecimpunctata tenella) - NEW MEXICO -
Populations heavier than usual on alfalfa in Virden Valley, Hidalgo County; adults
ranged 12-20 per 25 sweeps. (Campbell, Gomez).

- 632 -

MEXICAN BEAN BEETLE (Epilachna varivestis) - MARYLAND - Light numbers of adults
observed on soybeans in Wicomico County. (U. Md., Ent. Dept.).

PALE-STRIPED FLEA BEETLE (Systena blanda) - INDIANA - Adults ranged 4-8 per sweep
on alfalfa in Floyd and Harrison Counties; averaged 2 per sweep in Dubois and
Green Counties. Very light, 2 adults per 10 sweeps, further north in Clay, Owen
and Morgan Counties. Also present on corn and soybeans in these areas. (Huber,
White). MARYLAND - Adults noted on corn in Frederick County. (U. Md., Ent.
Dept.).

BLISTER BEETLES - NEW MEXICO - Heavy in 3 fields of alfalfa near Lovington, Lea
County; ranged 1-3 adults per sweep. (Garcia, Nielsen).

VARIEGATED CUTWORM (Peridroma saucia) - CALIFORNIA - Heavy and damaging alfalfa

in Salinas, Monterey County, and in Tracy, San Joaquin County. (Cal. Coop. Rpt.).
IOWA - All sizes present in Ames area on brome-alfalfa strip. (Iowa Ins. Inf.,
June 7).

WESTERN YELLOW-STRIPED ARMYWORM (Prodenia praefica) - NEVADA - Spotted, light
populations of early stage larvae present in some alfalfa north of Lovelock,
Pershing County. (Arnett) .

GRANULATE CUTWORM (Feltia subterranea) - GEORGIA - Caused light damage to foliage
of peanuts throughout southern area. (Johnson) .

ALFALFA CATERPILLAR (Colias eurytheme) - UTAH - Generally light in alfalfa through-
out State. (Knowlton). WYOMING - Averaged 10 larvae per 100 sweeps in alfalfa
in Goshen and Laramie Counties. (Marks).

ALFALFA LOOPER (Autographa californica) - CALIFORNIA - Medium on alfalfa in
Poplar, Tulare County. (Cal. Coop. Rpt.). UTAH - Larvae appearing in alfalfa
at Logan, Cache County. (Knowlton).

PEA APHID (Acyrthosiphon pisum) - NEVADA - Heavy on alfalfa in several fields
south of Lovelock, Pershing County; 300-1,000 per sweep. Much lighter in other
fields south and north of Lovelock; 20-50 per sweep. Parasites and predators
numerous. (Arnett). Varied 15-200 per sweep in alfalfa in Mason Valley, Lyon
County; heaviest counts spotty. (Lauderdale). Varied 20-40 per sweep in alfalfa
in Orovada, Humboldt County. (Lundahl). UTAH - Generally light in alfalfa in
Washington County; lady beetles, syrphid fly larvae, damsel bugs, Orius insidiosus
(an insidious flower bug), O. tristicolor, and other predators numerous in many
fields. Light to moderate in Kane County alfalfa. (Knowlton). NEW MEXICO -
Light in alfalfa in southern half of State. (Campbell et al.). COLORADO -
Ranged 1,000-4,000 per 100 sweeps on alfalfa in most uncut fields where adequate
water available. In drier areas in Bent, Otero and Pueblo Counties, populations
vary 0-300 per 100 sweeps. (Schweissing). Light to moderate in alfalfa checked
in Mesa and Delta Counties. (Bulla). WYOMING - Adults and nymphs increased
slightly in alfalfa in Goshen and Laramie Counties; ranged 450-600 per 100 sweeps.
(Marks). NEBRASKA - Populations low in Dawson County alfalfa. (RhineJ. SOUTH
DAKOTA - Averaged over 2,000 per 100 sweeps in alfalfa in Lawrence County.
(Jones). NORTH DAKOTA - Counts low on alfalfa; ranged from trace to 5 per sweep
throughout southern third of State. (Frye) .. MINNESOTA - Average counts per 100
sweeps on alfalfa by district as follows: West central 134, southwest 70,

central 250, northwest 400. (Minn. Ins. Rpt.). WISCONSIN - Remains low in
alfalfa; counts seldom exceed 2-3 per sweep. (Wis. Ins. Sur.). ILLINOIS - Very
light in clover and alfalfa in northwest; 50-900 per 100 sweeps. (I1l1. Ins. Rpt.).

SPOTTED ALFALFA APHID (Therioaphis maculata) - NEW MEXICO - Light, spotted
infestations noted in alfalfa in Virden Valley of Hidalgo County, and in Luna and
Dona Ana Counties. (Campbell). COLORADO - Low populations found on alfalfa near
Two Buttes and Walsh, Baca County; winged and wingless forms averaged 10 per 100
sweeps. Predators increasing in all areas. (Schweissing). UTAH - Very scarce
in Washington County alfalfa. (Knowlton).

- 633 -

POTATO APHID (Macrosiphum euphorbiae) - MASSACHUSETTS - Low on forage legumes in
western area; maximum count, 63 per 100 sweeps. (Shaw).

TARNISHED PLANT BUG (Lygus lineolaris) - MASSACHUSETTS - Ranged 3-133 per 100
sweeps in forage legumes in western area. (Shaw). OHIO - Up to 10 nymphs per
sweep in alfalfa taken in field near Wellington, Lorain County. Apparently most
numerous plant bug species on this host in north central area. (Rose). MISSOURI -
Adults averaged 30 per 10 sweeps in Saline County red clover. (Houser et al.).

PLANT BUGS - MASSACHUSETTS - Adelphocoris lineolatus (alfalfa plant bug) increased
in abundance on forage legumes in western area; ranged up to 55 per 100 sweeps.
First adult of A. rapidus (rapid plant bug) observed in same area. (Shaw).
WISCONSIN - A. Lineolatus nymphs continue abundant in nearly all alfalfa surveyed;
ranged 5-25 (average 8) per sweep. Maturation of A. lineolatus, A. rapidus and
Leptopterna dolabratus (meadow plant bug) occurring in more advanced areas of
State. (Wis. Ins. Sur.). SOUTH DAKOTA - Adults and nymphs of A. lineolatus
present in alfalfa near Menno, Hutchinson County; adults averaged 100 or more

per 100 sweeps. (Jones).

LYGUS BUGS (Lygus spp.) - ARIZONA - Nymphal populations increasing in alfalfa in
Yuma, Maricopa, Pinal, Graham and Greenlee Counties. (Ariz. Coop. Sur.). NEW
MEXICO - Counts per 25 sweeps of alfalfa as follows: 15-35 adults and nymphs in
Eddy, Curry, Lea and Roosevelt Counties (Nielsen, Garcia); 25-30 adults and
nymphs near Deming, Luna County, (Campbell, Gomez); 20 to over 50 (mostly nymphs)
near Tularosa, Otero County, (Nielsen, Garcia). NEVADA - Adults averaged 2 per
sweep in alfalfa at Orovada, Humboldt County. (Lundahl). WYOMING - Averaged 110
adults and 155 nymphs per 100 sweeps of alfalfa in Goshen and Laramie Counties.
(Marks) .

MEADOW SPITTLEBUG (Philaenus spumarius) - WISCONSIN - Field populations relatively
low in central area. Reports indicate above normal populations in Sauk and Juneau
Counties; 4,408 spittle masses per square foot reported in field in Juneau County.
Wing pads appearing on nymphs in more advancedareas of State. (Wis. Ins. Sur.).
INDIANA - Adults dispersed with populations on second-growth alfalfa ranging 1-6
per sweep; averaged 2 per sweep in southernmost counties. (Huber, White).
MICHIGAN - First adult of season collected June 8 in Monroe County. (Dowdy).

OHIO - Adults common in alfalfa in north central area. (Rose).

SPITTLEBUGS = VERMONT - Egg masses average one per 2 stems in scattered fields of
alfalfa in Addison County. (MacCollom, June 8). MASSACHUSETTS - Populations
spotty in forage crops; caused shortening of internodes in fields in southern
Berkshire County. (Shaw). IOWA - Adults present in central area; no spittle
masses observed on alfalfa. (Iowa Ins. Inf., June 7).

POTATO LEAFHOPPER (Empoasca fabae) - MASSACHUSETTS - Numbers increasing on forage
legumes in western area; ranged 5-52 per 100 sweeps. (Shaw). MICHIGAN - Adults
ranged 5-40 per 10 sweeps in alfalfa and oats in southeast counties June 8.
(Dowdy). INDIANA - Generally increasing populations of 3-8 adults per 5 sweeps
found in alfalfa in southern third of State; averaged 2 per 5 sweeps in more
northern areas. (Huber, White). MISSOURI - Adults and nymphs ranged 20-30 per
10 sweeps of alfalfa in Saline County. (Houser et al.). MINNESOTA - Light
numbers present on alfalfa from southwest district through northwest district.
(Minn. Ins. Rpt.). SOUTH DAKOTA - Reported in alfalfa in Lawrence County; first
report of season indicated 7 adults per 100 sweeps. (Walstrom).

THREE-CORNERED ALFALFA HOPPER (Spissistilus festinus) - ARIZONA - Gradual increases
in alfalfa noted; ranged 70-185 per 100 sweeps in Graham, Maricopa and Yuma
Counties. (Ariz. Coop. Sur,). UTAH - Moderate on alfalfa in and about orchards

in "Dixie" area of Washington County. (Knowlton).

LEAFHOPPERS - CONNECTICUT - Increasingly active on legumes. (Savos, June 9).
MASSACHUSETTS - Errastunus ocellaris continued present in large numbers in forage
legumes in western area; ranged up to 269 per 100 sweeps. (Shaw).

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THRIPS - DELAWARE - Several species common on soybeans in areas of Kent County and
on corn and small grains in several areas over State. (Burbutis, Woodall).
MARYLAND - Heavy populations caused conspicuous damage to young corn and soybeans
on Eastern Shore. (U. Md., Ent. Dept.). GEORGIA - Light to moderate on peanuts
throughout southern area. (Johnson). UTAH - Extremely numerous in flowering
alfalfa in Washington-Santa Clara and Hurricane areas, Washington County.
(Knowlton). NEW MEXICO - Probably Frankliniella spp. moderate to heavy in

alfalfa near Deming, Luna County. (Campbell).

CRICKETS - ALABAMA - Small, undetermined species heavily damaged field of white
clover in Sumter County. (Story). SOUTH CAROLINA - Mole crickets damaged corn
in sandy soil in Ridgeway area, Fairfield County. (Nettles et al., June 8).

SPIDER MITES - GEORGIA - Light to moderate on peanuts in Pulaski County.
(Vanderford).

ARMYWORM (Pseudaletia unipuncta) - MICHIGAN - Larval outbreaks requiring controls
reported June 9 in St. Joseph and Berrien Counties. Heaviest concentrations on
6 farms in 4-square-mile area in St. Joseph County. Early observations showed
heavy but spotted infestations in Berrien County. Larvae ranged small to large
in all areas. Weather has been favorable for larval development; thus egg laying
by heavy moth flights has been continuous. Extent of outbreak not determined as
of June 11. Weather factors and effects on natural enimies of P. unipuncta will
be of major significance. General moth flight continues. Early detection and
treatment essential if control to be satisfactory. (Ruppel, Elliot, Newman).
See CEIR 15(22):535 and 15(23):567. (PPC). MINNESOTA - Few larvae found in
heavy stands of grass along roadsides in central district; none found in small
grain. (Minn, Ins. Rpt.). OHIO - Total of 7 adults collected in blacklight
trap at Hilliard, Franklin County, night of June 9, and 4 collected in light
trap near Reynoldsburg. (Rose, Spilker). MARYLAND - Severe in field of oats

in Queen Annes County. Heavily damaged grass grown for sod in Anne Arundel
County. (U. Md., Ent. Dept.). DELAWARE - Larvae abundant in some corn and
oats in western New Castle County; caused heavy injury to both crops. (Burbutis,
Woodall). NEW JERSEY - Serious in southern counties week of June 7; many moths
taken in light traps. Problems in other sections of State predicted if hot
weather continues. Grain, corn and grass fields should be checked regularly;
next 2 generations could be more destructive than present generation, especially
in August and September. Damaging in area southeast of Freehold June 9-10.
(Ins.-Dis. Newsltr.).

ARMYWORMS - IOWA - Third instars observed on corn in Warren County June 1; wet
weather and rank growth of brome may create problems. Light trap catches in
Dubuque, Dickinson, Mills, Monona, Louisa and Story Counties indicate moderately
heavy flights. Infested brome-alfalfa strip between golf course and homes in
Ames June 5, Larvae moved to adjacent lawns; ranged 10-20 per square foot on
retaining wall,5-10 per square foot in short grass and 2-5 per square foot in
tall brome grass heads. Larvae ranged 0.25 to 1.5 inches (averaged 0.75). Eggs
of parasitic fly glued to backs of heads of 5 percent of larvae. Averaged 1 dead
larva per square foot. Cocoons of parasitic wasp also present; about 1 per 2-3
square feet. Treatment applied 8:00 p.m., June 5; results at 8:30 a.m. following
day showed no larvae on retaining wall; 1-10 per square foot (averaged 5) on
short grass; 50 percent dead or dying. One larva per square foot on tall grass.
Difficult to find larvae on ground but estimated 3-5 per square foot with 50
percent dead or dying. In adjacent, less heavily infested and untreated area,
larvae ranged 2-3 on grass and less than one per square foot on ground; larvae

in untreated area healthy. At 9:00 p.m., 90 percent of larvae in untreated

area dead or dying of fungus disease. (Iowa Ins. Inf., June 7). PENNSYLVANIA -
Small numbers noted on crops in southwest area. (Udine). RHODE ISLAND - Reported
infesting corn at Portsmouth, Newport County. (Peabody).

YELLOW-STRIPED ARMYWORM (Prodenia ornithogalli) - ARIZONA - Light numbers appearing
in sorghum and alfalfa in Yuma County. (Ariz. Coop. Sur.). IOWA - Present in
field of corn in Warren County; primarily damaged edges of leaves. Larvae 0.5 to

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0.75 inch long; no controls necessary. Similar larvae damaging corn in Van Buren
County; controls urged when abundant. (Iowa Ins. Inf., June 7).

FALL ARMYWORM (Spodoptera frugiperda) - GEORGIA - Light to moderate in whorls of
corn in southern part of State. (French) .

ARMY CUTWORM (Chorizagrotis auxiliaris) - NORTH DAKOTA - Infestation reported in
CEIR 15(24) :599 in Golden Valley County resulted in severe damage to approximately
60 acres of wheat; controls very sucessful. (Frye).

WHEAT HEAD ARMYWORM (Faronta diffusa) - NEW MEXICO - Occasional larva found in
wheat in Curry and Roosevelt Counties. (Garcia, Nielsen). OHIO - At Hilliard,
Franklin County, 30 adults collected in blacklight trap June 9. (Rose, Spilker).

CORN EARWORM (Heliothis zea) - FLORIDA - Severely damaged corn at Ocala, Marion
County. (Roberson, May 28). ALABAMA - Larvae heavy in much corn in Belle Mina
area, Limestone County, in Tennessee Valley. (Boseck, Arant). GEORGIA - Light

in whorls of corn in southern area. Infested 5 percent of whorls of corn in Pike
County. (Vanderford). DELAWARE - Adult numbers increased slightly in blacklight
trap collections in Sussex County. (Burbutis, Woodall). MICHIGAN - Single female
taken in Berrien County blacklight trap June 4; earliest capture ever recorded

in State. (Newman). NEW MEXICO - Larvae feeding in whorls of corn near Lovington
Lea County; 8 percent of plants checked infested. (Nielsen, Garcia).

BLACK CUTWORM (Agrotis ipsilon) - CALIFORNIA - Heavy populations caused loss of
1,000 acres of sunflower and field corn in Victoria Island, San Joaquin County.
(Cal. Coop. Rpt.). INDIANA - Severe population caused replanting of 40-acre

field of corn and treatment of additional 100 acres in Tippecanoe County. (Gould),
WISCONSIN - Corn reported damaged in few fields in portions of Green Lake, Grant,
Waushara and Portage Counties. Populations low and examination in areas near
Plainfield revealed no immediate threat to corn. (Wis. Ins. Sur.).

CUTWORMS - NEW HAMPSHIRE - Continue a problem on several crops, particularly
field corn and 1965 seedings of alfalfa. (Sutherland, June 3). NEW YORK - Noted
in commercial turf plots at Batavia June 5. Damaged field corn in Ulster and
Schoharie Counties. (N.Y. Wkly. Rpt., June 7). CONNECTICUT - Damaging wide
variety of crops. (Savos). OHIO - Larvae of Agrotis ipsilon (black cutworm)
damaged soybeans in Fayette County, (Baxter); A. gladiaria (clay-backed cutworm)
partially responsible for heavy damage to corn in field near Alliance, Stark
County; larvae of various sizes present (Barry). Blacklight trap at Reynoldsburg,
Franklin County, yielded 8 adults of Lacinipolia renigera (bristly cutworm)

June 4-10; ten L. renigera and 4 A. ipsilon adults taken June 9 in light trap at
Hilliard, (Rose). IOWA —- Cutworm damage reported in many fields of corn in 29
counties. (Iowa Ins. Inf., June 7).

SOD WEBWORMS - NEW YORK - Adults observed at Jamesport, Suffolk County, June 2.
(N.Y. Wkly. Rpt.). NEW JERSEY - Adults active in lawns in several areas. (Ins.-
Dis. Newsltr.). MARYLAND - Crambus spp. severely damaged young corn in Anne
Arundel, Carroll and Queen Annes Counties. (U. Md., Ent. Dept.). OHIO - Crambus
caliginosellus (corn root webworm), in combination with Agrotis gladiaria (clay-
backed cutworm) and unspecified white grubs, destroyed about 30 percent of corn
in field previously in sod near Alliance, Stark County. (Barry). Total of 56
Crambus spp. adults taken in light trap collections near Reynoldsburg, Franklin
County, June 4-10 and 125 taken in light trap in Hilliard on June 9. (Spilker,
Rose). WISCONSIN - Nearly full-grown larvae of Crambus vulgivagellus (vagabond
crambus) damaged corn in Waushara County and reported from Lafayette County.
Adults common in blacklight traps in Dane County. (Wis. Ins. Sur.). SOUTH
DAKOTA - Crambus spp. damaged lawn in Hutchinson County. (Jones).

LESSER CORNSTALK BORER (Elasmopalpus lignosellus) — ALABAMA - Larvae of this
species and Phyllophaga spp. (white grubs) heavy and damaging young corn in some
local fields in Wilcox County. (Hardy). GEORGIA - Light to moderate on peanuts
in southern area. (Leuck, McGill, French).

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EUROPEAN CORN BORER (Ostrinia nubilalis) - NORTH DAKOTA - No pupation noted at
Cayuga, Sargent County. (Frye). MINNESOTA - Limited checks in central, west
eentral and southwest districts indicate pupation of overwintering larvae ranged
33 to 75 percent. (Minn, Ins. Rpt.). WISCONSIN - No egg masses found on several
hundred corn plants 30 inches extended height examined in Spring Green-Mazomanie
area on June 7. (Wis. Ins. Sur.). IOWA - First egg masses noted June 3 at
Ankeny; 4 egg masses on 200 plants June 4; pupation 100 percent and emergence 8
percent June 4; 30 moths in light trap June 3. (Iowa Ins. Inf.). MISSOURI -
Larvae entering cornstalks in southeast district. (Keaster). In central dis-
trict, 2-7 egg masses per 100 plants found and hatching underway. Adult emergence
30-50 percent complete and up to 16 egg masses per 100 plants found in northwest.
(Houser et al.). ILLINOIS - Pupation complete except in extreme northern section,
where 10-15 percent of overwintering larvae will not emerge as adults until late
June or early July. Moth emergence and egg laying in area will occur over
extended period; however, moth emergence now varies 20-60 percent (average 50
percent). Emergence ranges 50-75 percent in north central area and 70-90 in
central area. Few egg masses noted on most advance corn throughout northern half
to two-thirds of State. No fields found requiring controls in triangular area
from St. Louis to Springfield to Quincy. Much corn in area suitable for egg
laying which will be scattered, with no high concentrations expected in any field.
Egg laying underway in area north of Springfield-Quincy line to Rock Island-
Kankakee line; eggs found, but not in large numbers. Generally, borer development
colsely parallels that of 1955 and 1960, but corn development slightly slower.
Borer survival should be lower this year. Rains and windstorms probably killed
many moths before eggs laid. Although weather conditions during next 2 weeks may
be critical in determining corn borer potential, threat now not so great as few
weeks ago. Next 3 weeks should determine if controls will be necessary to protect
crops. (Ins. Sur. Bul.}. INDIANA - First-stage larvae observed in corn in
Harrison County; averaged 112 per 100 stalks in one field. (Saugstad). MICHIGAN -
Sizable adult sampling taken in blacklight trap as far north as Newaygo County;
sprays on sweet corn will be necessary soon. (Newman). OHIO - Three adults taken
in blacklight trap at Hilliard, Franklin County, June 9 (Rose); also collected

at Wooster, Wayne County (Barry). NORTH CAROLINA - Larvae reported feeding in
whorls of corn 12 inches high in Rutherford County. Extent of infestation not
reported. Det. by D. A. Mount. (Crawford).

MARYLAND - Larval infestations increasing steadily in more advanced corn in
eastern and southern sections. (U. Md., Ent. Dept.). NEW JERSEY - Larvae rather
heavy on sweet corn in Burlington County June 7; egg masses readily found on
lower leaves, especially suckers. Pinholes in upper leaves noted on many plants.
Small larvae in tassels. Tassels appearing on much corn, Treatment of corn in
early whorl stage necessary. Moth numbers heavy in light trap at New Market

June 7; population very high as indicated by average of 20 per trap per night.
(Ins.-Dis. Newsltr.). CONNECTICUT - Eggs hatched in Fairfield County. Warm
night temperatures expected to result in heavy egg laying. (Savos, June 9).
MASSACHUSETTS - Eggs should hatch during period June 14-19; protective sprays
will be necessary for at least 2 weeks to prevent injury. (Crop Pest Cont. Mess.).

SOUTHWESTERN CORN BORER (Zeadiatraea grandiosella) - ALABAMA - Full-grown, first-
generation larvae damaging corn in 100-acre field in Sumter County; larvae present
in approximately 15 percent of stalks. Some pupae noted in heavily damaged
stalks. (Ledbetter, Story).

SOUTHERN CORNSTALK BORER (Diatraea crambidoides) - GEORGIA - Probably this species
caused heavy damage to most stalks in 52-acre field of corn in Screven County.
Corn to be plowed under. (Gurly, Jordan).

CORN ROOTWORMS (Diabrotica spp.) - MISSOURI - Larvae found in volunteer corn in |
Atchison County, northwest. (Houser et al.). INDIANA - Adults of D. undecim- |
punctata howardi (southern corn rootworm) common on corn throughout southern half |
of State. (Huber). SOUTH DAKOTA - Eggs of D. virgifera (western corn rootworm) |
should hatch soon with high population expected latter part of June and early

July. (Kantack).

ce

- 637 -

CORN FLEA BEETLE (Chaetocnema pulicaria) - DELAWARE - Common on corn in areas of
New Castle County. (Burbutis, Woodall). MARYLAND - Adult numbers ranged light
to moderate on young corn in all sections. (U. Md., Ent. Dept.). ALABAMA -
Adults heavy in corn in local fields in Wilcox County. (Hardy).

DESERT CORN FLEA BEETLE (Chaetocnema ectypa) - UTAH - Damaged young corn in Santa
Clara, St. George and Washington, Washington County. (Knowlton) .

FLEA BEETLES - NEW YORK - Injuring sweet corn in Dutchess County. (N.Y. Wkly.
Rpt., June 7). CONNECTICUT - Extremely abundant on corn this season. (Savos,
June 9).

WHITE GRUBS - IOWA - Damaging corn following soybeans in Cherokee and Plymouth
Counties; severe damage noted to first year corn following sod pasture. (lowa
Ins. Inf., June 7).

A BILLBUG (Sphenophorus minimus) - MASSACHUSETTS - More abundant in western
area than for past several years; ranged up to 4 per 100 sweeps. (Shaw).

WIREWORMS - NORTH DAKOTA - Light damage to wheat in southwest area. (Frye).
WISCONSIN ~ Severely damaged corn in several fields in Sauk and Washington
Counties; some replanting necessary in few instances. (Wis. Ins. Sur.).
MARYLAND - Caused moderate injury to corn at Gambrills, Anne Arundel County.
(U. Md., Ent. Dept.).

A WEEVIL (Cosmobaris americana)- CALIFORNIA - Single specimen collected from oats
at Marysville, Yuba County. This is first record for Yuba County and approxi-
mately 70 miles north of nearest previously reported find at Isleton, Sacramento
County. (Harper).

CEREAL LEAF BEETLE (Oulema melanopa) - MICHIGAN - First summer adults expected
during period June 12-18; no emergence in Berrien County emergence cages noted.
Large percentage of field population now pupae, especially in winter grains and
grasses. Late-stage larvae and pupae predominate in oats. Numbers of over-
wintering adults, eggs and young larvae relatively low. (Ruppel, Ring). INDIANA -
Confirmed for first time in Warren, Delaware and Henry Counties. (Favinger) .
Pupation 75 percent in wheat and 30 percent in oats in St. Joseph and La Porte
Counties. Larvae ranged 3-4 per stem in heavily infested oats. (Paschke, Wilson),
ILLINOIS - Collected for first time in Kankakee County week ending June 5.
Collected for second time in Will and Kankakee Counties week ending June 11.

(Ill. Ins. Rpt.). WISCONSIN - None found in survey in southeast and eastern
areas. (Wis. Ins. Sur.).

ENGLISH GRAIN APHID (Macrosiphum avenae) - WISCONSIN - Populations show some
increase in southern counties; averaged 25 per 100 sweeps on oats, but colonies
on heads of rye show very little change, (Wis. Ins. Sur.). MINNESOTA - Ranged
0-20 per 100 sweeps in central, southwest, west central and northwest districts,
(Minn. Ins. Rpt.). NORTH DAKOTA - Trace numbers found on wheat in southeast,
(Frye). UTAH - Light on wheat and barley in Kane and Washington Counties.
(Knowlton) .

CORN LEAF APHID (Rhopalosiphum maidis) - NEW MEXICO - Mostly light and spotted in
corn and oats near Lovington, Lea County. (Garcia, Nielsen). UTAH —- Infesting
occasional field of spring barley in Santa Clara-Washington and Hurricane areas
of Washington County. (Knowlton). INDIANA - Very light to scarce on corn, but
adults and nymphs moderate on Johnson grass in Harrison and Floyd Counties.
(Saugstad) .

CORN ROOT APHID (Anuraphis maidiradicis) - INDIANA - Ranged 2-20 per root system
on corn in localized areas of Harrison and Floyd Counties. (Saugstad).

GREENBUG (Schizaphis graminum) - WISCONSIN - Populations remain quite low although
counts as high as 10 per sweep made in some fields of early oats. (Wis. Ins. Sur).

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MINNESOTA - Very small numbers found in small grain in central and southwest
districts; none found in west central or northwest districts. (Minn. Ins. Rpt.).
NORTH DAKOTA - Trace numbers noted on wheat in southeast, (Frye). COLORADO -
Trace numbers of 5-10 per 100 sweeps still found on barley in Weld County.
(Jenkins, Urano).

A CHINCH BUG (Blissus sp.) - GEORGIA - Heavy on corn around edges of fields in
Pike County. (Vanderford).

SIX-SPOTTED LEAFHOPPER (Macrosteles fascifrons) - NORTH DAKOTA - Trace numbers
observed on small grain and flax over southern fourth of State. (Frye).
MINNESOTA - Counts per 100 sweeps in small grain averaged 60 in west central,
25 in southwest, 30 in central and zero in northwest districts. Small numbers
found on flax in west central district. (Minn. Ins. Rpt.). MICHIGAN - Adults
common in alfalfa and oats in southeast counties June 8; ranged 5-40 per 10
sweeps. (Dowdy).

PAINTED LEAFHOPPER (Endria inimica) - NORTH DAKOTA - Trace numbers found on wheat
near Saint Anthony, Morton County. (Frye).

SEED-CORN MAGGOT (Hylemya platura) - WISCONSIN - Abundant in grain fields pre-
viously planted to corn. Wis. Ins. Sur.).

CORN BLOTCH LEAF MINER (Agromyza parvicornis) - MISSOURI - Up to 100 percent of
corn plants infested in some instances in Jasper County. In fields where infesta-
tion high, 3-7 of lower leaves on many plants will be destroyed. (Houser et al.).

GRASSHOPPERS - ARIZONA - First to third-instar nymphs of Melanoplus spp. appearing
in pastures and croplands near Springerville, and Camnula pellucida (clear-winged
grasshopper) first to second instars infesting pastureland near Alpine, both in
Apache County. Hatching of Aulocara elliotti eggs slowed by cold weather in Show
Low area of Navajo County. (Ariz. Coop. Sur.). NEW MEXICO - Grasshopper nymphs
ranged 6-10 per 25 sweeps in alfalfa checked near Espanola, Rio Arriba County.
(Heninger). UTAH - Grasshopper hatch conspicuous on ranch north of Orderville,
Kane County, spotted elsewhere; first to third instars present. Hatch increasing
over much of Box Elder County; general along Wasatch Front into Utah County;
first and second instars ranged 20-40 per square yard. Numbers of very young
nymphs higher in occasional spots. Large numbers appearing about some Carbon
County communities. (Thornley, Knowlton). NEBRASKA - Light numbers of
Ageneotettix deorum, Phlibostroma quadrimaculatum, Trachyrhachys kiowa,
Cordillacris occipitalis, Amphitornus coloradus and Melanoplus sanguinipes
(migratory grasshopper) present on rangeland in parts of western area; nymphs in
second and third instars. (Pruess). SOUTH DAKOTA - Grasshopper hatch continued
light in western and southern areas. Averaged less than 1 nymph per square yard
in alfalfa and roadsides sampled; mostly first to third instar. (Jones). Range-
land species averaged one per square yard in Jackson County; most first instar,
with some second instars noted. Cropland species averaged 10 per square yard

on soil bank land in Jones County, with approximately 20 percent of population in
second instar. Grasshoppers ranged 3-10 per square yard in Haakon and Meade
Counties, with up to 20 per square yard in spots; 40 percent in second instar
with few third instars noted. (Burge, Zimmerman). NORTH DAKOTA - Nymphs ranged
from less than 1 to 2 per square yard in Emmons and Burleigh Counties in field
margins; ranged less than 1 to 1 in fields. All nymphs in first stage. M.
bivittatus (two-striped grasshopper) and M. sanguinipes dominant, with some M,
femurrubrum (red-legged grasshopper) and M. pacKardii (Packard grasshopper)
present. (Scholl). Counts ranged from zero to less than 1 per square yard in
Bottineau, McHenry, Benson, Ramsey, Nelson, Pembina, Cavalier and Rolette
Counties. M. bivittatus and Camnula pellucida dominant species. (Cushing) .
MINNESOTA - Egg development remained about as reported in CEIR 15 (24) :603. Few
first and second instars of M. bivittatus observed in alfalfa in central, south-
west and west central districts; eggs generally fully formed with few still
segmented. M. packardii eggs, when found, in late segemented and fully formed
stages in southwest. M. differentialis (differential grasshopper) eggs all

- 639 -

segemented and M. femurrubrum eggs in coagulated to eye-spot stages in central,
southwest and west central districts. M. femurrubrum eggs segmented in one field
in Norman County. (Minn. Ins. Rpt.). WISCONSIN - First and second instars of

M. femurrubrum more noticeable in alfalfa and lawns in southern area. Nymphs of
M. Sanguinipes (migratory grasshopper) in fourth stage in Mazomanie area. Half-
grown nymphs of Ageneotettix deorum noted along roadsides in Adams County; few
fifth-instar M. bivittatus noted in area. Populations appear lower than in past
few years in latter location. This may be due in part to large number of Epicauta
fabricii (ash-gray blister beetle) present in alfalfa and on diverted land in
this area. E. fabricii averaged 2 per sweep in many instances. Few E,
pennsylvanica (black blister beetle) also noted; this is first appearance of this
common species this season. (Wis. Ins. Sur.). MISSOURI - Melanoplus spp. nymphs
ranged 10-15 per square yard in marginal 10-12 rows of soybeans in Jasper County;
caused moderate leaf damage. Nymphs ranged 1-10 per square yard in pastures in
same area. Few adults of Melanoplus ii gEvelarl3 found; M. differentialis and

M. femurrubrum nymphs in third stage. (Houser et al.).

GRASS BUGS - UTAH - Black species damaging and seriously discoloring grasses,
largely intermediate wheatgrass, in North Johnson Canyon, Elbow and Sink Valley
areas of Kane County; severely discoloring and damaging planted grasses over large
areas of Cedar Mountain near Cedar City, Iron County, with some damage noted
farther south. (Knowlton, Hall).

FALSE CHINCH BUGS (Nysius spp.) - ARIZONA - Extremely heavy populations causing
light damage to lawns in Maricopa and Graham Counties. (Ariz. Coop. Sur.). NEW
MEXICO - N. raphanus adults ranged 6-30 per 25 sweeps in small grains in Curry
County; counts heavier in weedy fields (Garcia, Nielsen); very abundant in alfalfa
field at Virden, Hidalgo County (Campbell, Gomez). UTAH - Mostly adults,
extremely numerous in alfalfa in Santa Clara-Washington area, Washington County.
(Knowlton) .

CHINCH BUG (Blissus leucopterus) - NEW YORK - Observed in lawns in Dutchess County.
(N.Y. Wkly. Rpt., June 7). NEW JERSEY - Active in lawns in several areas. (Ins.-
Dis. Newsltr.).

A SPITTLEBUG (Prosapia bicincta) - GEORGIA - Total of 304 adults taken in light
trap week ending June 4, with 2,248 adults taken week ending June 11. Nymphs
numerous on Bermuda grass. (Beck) .

EUROPEAN CHAFER (Amphimallon majalis) - NEW YORK - Grubs severely damaging in
Onondaga County. (N.Y. Wkly. Rpt., June 7).

FRUIT INSECTS

ORCHARD MITES - MASSACHUSETTS - Summer eggs of Panonychus ulmi (European red mite)
and Tetranychus telarius (two-spotted spider mite) hatching. (Crop Pest Cont.
Mess.). CONNECTICUT - Small populations of P. ulmi and T. tetranychus laying
eggs. (Savos, June 9). NEW YORK - Continue to increase in Monroe County; limited
numbers noted in Orleans County. Abundant on spur leaves of fruit trees and large
numbers found in vineyard in Niagara County. Eggs frequently found in Dutchess
County. Summer eggs hatching in Ulster County. T. tetranychus present on suckers
inside trees in Westchester County. (N.Y. Wkly. Rpt., June 7). NORTH CAROLINA -
Unspecified eriophyid mites curling leaves of pecan in Duplin County. (Mount) .
ALABAMA - Tetranychus spp. medium to heavy on apples throughout southern Tallapoosa
County. (Webb). MISSOURI - P. ulmi and T. telarius present in most orchards.
Averaged 2-3 per leaf in well sprayed orchard and 25 per leaf in poorly sprayed
orchard in southeast. (Wkly. Rpt. Fr. Grs., June 9). INDIANA - P. ulmi and

T. telarius light. P. ulmi averaged 2 per leaf on apples in Knox County area.
(Cleveland). UTAH - Bryobia rubrioculus (a fruit-tree mite) light in apple, pear
and peach orchards in Washington County June 3, and in apple orchards in Kanab-
Glendale area of Kane County. SURE Ree Arian species damaging in orchards at Moab,
Grand County. (Thornely, Knowlton).

- 640 -

EUROPEAN RED MITE (Panonychus ulmi) - VERMONT - Continued warm dry weather
favored build up. (MacCollom, June 8). PENNSYLVANIA - Beginning to build up on
apples in northwestern section. (Udine). OHIO - Averaged about 2 per leaf in
apple orchard at Walnut Creek, Holmes County, and 0.5 per leaf on apple trees at
Wooster, Wayne County. (Forsythe). MICHIGAN ~ Some adults and numerous eggs

on certain apple varieties in central and southeast orchards. (Dowdy).

CODLING MOTH (Carpocapsa pomonella) - NEW HAMPSHIRE - First adult taken in black-
light trap at Lee, Strafford County, June 6, (Conklin). VERMONT - Pupation
observed, emergence expected soon, (MacCollom). MASSACHUSETTS - Adults active
for over a week with considerable egg laying; earliest eggs hatching. (Crop

Pest Cont. Mess.). NEW YORK - Active in Monroe County, little emergence in
Orleans County due to cold weather. (N.Y. Wkly. Rpt., June 7). PENNSYLVANIA -
Larvae entering apple fruit in southeast section. (Menusan). OHIO - Adults

from overwintered larvae still emerging at Wooster, Wayne County. (Forsythe).
MICHIGAN - Few larvae appearing on unsprayed apples and adults continue to emerge
in cages in Kent County. (Gilmore). INDIANA - Light on apples in Knox County
area; oviposition nearly completed. (Cleveland). MISSOURI - Young larvae found
in central section and full-grown larvae in unsprayed apples near Kansas City.
Egg laying damage noted in southeast section. (Wkly. Rpt. Er. (Grs., June soe
COLORADO - Adults taken in bait traps in all areas of western counties; first
apple spray dates set. Few adults taken in Paonia and Hotchkiss areas, Delta
County. (Bulla). WISCONSIN - First spring generation adult caught in Door County
area June 7. Egg laying "stings" on fruit in Dane County. (Wis. Ins. Sur.).

CANKERWORMS - WISCONSIN - Nearly defoliated apple trees near Westfield. (Wis.
Ins. Sur.). MICHIGAN - Palecrita vernata (spring cankerworm) larvae caused major
feeding injury to unsprayed apples in Monroe County; most have now left trees.
(Dowdy) .

CUTWORMS - VERMONT - Feeding on foliage of young apple trees in Dorset.
(MacColiom, June 8).

RED-BANDED LEAF ROLLER (Argyrotaenia velutinana) - INDIANA - Light on apples in
Knox County area; oviposition nearly completed. (Cleveland). MISSOURI - Trace
activity noted in all sections. (Wkly. Rpt. Fr. Grs., June 9).

APPLE APHID (Aphis pomi) - MASSACHUSETTS - Prevalent on water sprouts and terminal
growth. (Crop Pest Cont. Mess.). CONNECTICUT - Low populations moving to fruit
trees. Many winged adults on tender growth, (Savos, June 9). WISCONSIN - Small
colonies appearing on terminal growth of apple in Door and Dane Counties. (Wis.
ins. Sur.)

ROSY APPLE APHID (Anuraphis rosea) - COLORADO - Colonies numerous on apples in
Delta County, (Bulla).

APPLE MEALYBUG (Phenacoccus aceris) - VERMONT - Found in orchard in Windsor
County. (MacCollom, June 8).

PLANT BUGS - CONNECTICUT - Several species very heavy on apples in New Haven;
also attacking peaches. (Savos, June 9).

GIANT HORNET (Vespa crabro germana) - CONNECTICUT - Debarking pear trees at
Orange, Newton and Woodbridge. (Johnson, June 9).

SAN JOSE SCALE (Aspidiotus perniciosus) - FLORIDA - All stages general, moderately
damaging stem of pear in nursery at Glen St. Mary, Baker County. (Collins,
June 1).

BLACK CHERRY APHID (Myzus cerasi) - WISCONSIN - Increasing noticeably on terminal
leaves and twigs of cherry in Dane County. (Wis. Ins. Sur.). UTAH - Not serious
in Washington County sweet cherry orchards; some damage noted in Brigham City-
Perry area, Box Elder County. (Knowlton).

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CHERRY FRUIT FLIES (Rhagoletis spp.) - NEW YORK - First emergence of R. cingulata
(cherry fruit fly) in Monroe County June 4. Negeligible emergence in Orleans
County due to cold weather. (N.Y. Wkly. Rpt., June 7). OHIO - R. cingulata

and R. fausta (black cherry fruit fly) taken on sticky board traps in Lake County.
(Still). MICHIGAN - First R. fausta adults of season found in Kent County June 4,
Also noted in southwestern Section. (Wooley, Carpenter, Klackle) .

RED-HUMPED CATERPILLAR (Schizura concinna) - CALIFORNIA - Causing medium leaf
damage to cherry trees in Merced, Merced County. (Cal. Coop. Rpi.).

ORIENTAL FRUIT MOTH (Grapholitha molesta) - INDIANA - Second-brood adults began
emerging June 1. (Cleveland). MISSOURI - Half-grown larvae in peach terminals

in southeast; second brood beginning in central section; little activity in north-
west. (Wkly. Rpt. Fr. Grs., June 9).

PEACH TREE BORER (Sanninoidea exitiosa) - MISSOURI - Unusually early egg laying
observed on peach near Bernie, Stoddard County, June 8. (Wkly. Rpt. Fr. Grs.).
SOUTH DAKOTA - Infesting cherry trees in Oacoma area, (Jones) .

LESSER PEACH TREE BORER (Synanthedon pictipes) - MICHIGAN - Adult emergence
general; peak expected in mid-June. (Wooley). MISSOURI - Injury reported in
northwest section. (Wkly. Rpt. Fr. Grs., June 9). NEW JERSEY - Egg laying
expected soon. (Ins.-Dis. Newsltr.).

PLUM CURCULIO (Conotrachelus nenuphar) - VERMONT - Still active and threatening
fruit. (MacCollom, June 8). CONNECTICUT - Extremely damaging to unsprayed trees.
Adults collected in Storrs and New Haven. (Savos, June 9). PENNSYLVANIA -
Feeding on peach in Butler County. (Adams). OHIO - Infesting plums in Wayne
County. (Forsythe). INDIANA - Egg laying scars abundant on apples where petal
fall spray omitted, (Cleveland). MICHIGAN - Adults still active on unsprayed
fruit in Monroe County June 8. (Dowdy). WISCONSIN - Scars numerous in untreated
orchard at Madison, Was. ins sures

TARNISHED PLANT BUG (Lygus lineolaris) - PENNSYLVANIA - Still feeding on peaches
in southeast section. (Menusan) .

GREEN PEACH APHID (Myzus persicae) - UTAH - Causing moderate leaf curling to plum
and peach in Santa Clara and to peaches in Hurricane-Springdale area, Washington
County. (Knowlton).

MEALY PLUM APHID (Hyalopterus pruni) - CALIFORNIA - Medium locally on plum trees
in Tulare County. (Cal. Coop. Rpt.).

EUROPEAN FRUIT LECANIUM (Lecanium corni) - PENNSYLVANIA - Crawlers abundant on
peach in Mifflin County. (Udine). CALIFORNIA - Heavy on plum trees in Visalia,
Tulare County. (Cal. Coop. Rpt.).

A SATURNIID MOTH (Pseudohazis eglanterina) - CALIFORNIA - Larvae heavy on prune
trees in Napa, Napa County. (Cal. Coop. pit)

CALIFORNIA TENT CATERPILLAR (Malacosoma californicum) - CALIFORNIA - Larvae heavy
in prune orchard near Morgan Hill, Santa Clara County. (Callie) Coops Rpt

WALNUT CATERPILLAR (Datana integerrima) ~ GEORGIA - Light on pecans in Calhoun
and Early Counties. (Fletcher, French).

FALL WEBWORM (Hyphantria cunea) - GHORGIA - Light on pecans in south section,
(French, Fletcher) .

PECAN LEAF CASEBEARER (Acrobasis cunea) - GEORGIA - Adults heavy on pecans in
Dougherty County. Eggs hatching and larvae feeding on foliage, (Tedders).

- 642 -

PECAN NUT CASEBEARER (Acrobasis caryae) - GEORGIA - Light on pecans in Dougherty
County; first-generation adults emerging. (Tedders). NEW MEXICO - Infesting
nuts on pecan trees along river at Carlsbad, Eddy County. (Nielsen, Garcia).

APHIDS - GEORGIA - Light to moderate on pecans in south section. (Fletcher, French),
NEW MEXICO - Monellia costalis (black-margined aphid) and Myzocallis caryaefoliae

building up on many pecan trees in Pecos and Mesilla Valleys. (Campbell, Marek).
UTAH - Several species, including black species unusual to area, causing heavy
honeydew on pecan foliage in St. George-Santa Clara area; moderately numerous in
Hurricane-Toquerville area. (Knowlton) .

WALNUT APHID (Chromaphis juglandicola) - UTAH - Heavy on English walnuts at
Toquerville; very abundant on some English walnut trees in Hurricane-La Verkin
area, Washington County. (Knowlton) .

A SHARP-NOSED LEAFHOPPER - NEW JERSEY - Adults at peak activity, migrating into
cultivated blueberry fields. (Ins.-Dis. Newsltr.).

BLUEBERRY MAGGOT (Rhagoletis mendax) - NEW JERSEY - Unusually heavy, local
emergence noted in Pemberton area. None found in cultivated fields in Hammonton
area or in wild areasin Atlantic and Burlington Counties. (Ins.-Dis. Newsltr.).

FRUITWORMS - NEW JERSEY - Adults of Grapholitha packardi (cherry fruitworm) and
Acrobasis vaccinii (cranberry fruitworm) again quite active; larval entries of
blueberries at peak. (Ins.-Dis. Newsltr.).

BLUNT-NOSED CRANBERRY LEAFHOPPER (Scleroracus vaccinii) - NEW JERSEY - Young
nymphs found in unsprayed cranberry areas. (Ins.-Dis. Newsltr.).

CURRANT APHID (Capitophorus ribis) - WISCONSIN - Building up on currant and
highbush cranberry. (Wis. Ins.Sur.).

LEAFHOPPERS - NEW MEXICO - Problem on grape foliage in Carlsbad area, Eddy County.
(Marek).

A WEEVIL (Ampeloglypter ater) - PENNSYLVANIA - Medium on grapes in Bradford
County. (Gesell, May 23).

WESTERN GRAPE LEAF SKELETONIZER (Harrisina brillians) - UTAH - Very light damage
noted in Washington County to date, (Knowlton) .

AN ERIOPHYID MITE (Aceria theospyri) - FLORIDA - Adults on persimmon at Lake
Placid, Highlands County. (Morris, June 3).

A FRUIT FLY (Anastrepha suspensa) - FLORIDA - Unusual numbers continue in Hialeah,
Miami Springs and Miami, Dade County. Larvae found in variety of fruits with
Surinam cherry favorite host. Total of 152 infested properties as of June 10.
(Fla. Coop. Sur.).

ORANGE-DOG (Papilio cresphontes) - CALIFORNIA - Medium on orange trees in Blythe
Riverside County. (Cal. Coop. Rpt.).

OMNIVOROUS LOOPER (Sabulodes caberata) - CALIFORNIA - Medium locally and damaging
avocado leaves in Salinas, Monterey County. (CalSiCoops Rpt)

A FIG WASP (Blastophagus psenes) - CALIFORNIA - Fig caprification began in Smyrna
fig orchards in Fresno County. (Cal. Coop. Rpt.).

PERIODICAL CICADAS (Magicicada spp.) - OHIO - Ovipositing in Richland, Huron,
Loraine, Ashland, Medina and Summit Counties. Populations heavy in many areas,
but spotty in northeast and north central. Oviposition damage common. (Wells,
et al.).

- 643 -

TRUCK CROP INSECTS

POTATO PSYLLID (Paratrioza cockerelli) - COLORADO - Adults vary 0-6 per 100
sweeps in all potato fields checked in Arkansas Valley. Treated fields average
less than 1 per 100 sweeps. On matrimony-vine adults range 400-600 per 100
sweeps, nymphs 0-2 per 10 leaves and eggs 4-5 per 10 leaves. None found on
tomatoes. (Schweissing). WYOMING - Eggs and adults numerous on matrimony-vine
near Torrington, Goshen County, none found in potato fields in county. (Marks) .

POTATO APHID (Macrosiphum euphorbiae) - DELAWARE - Appearing on tomatoes in
areas of New Castle County. Burbutis, Woodall).

COLORADO POTATO BEETLE (Leptinotarsa decimlineata) - DELAWARE - All stages
abundant on tomatoes in area of Sussex County and on large potato field in New
Castle County. (Burbutis, Woodall). NEW JERSEY - Eggs of overwintering adults
hatching week of June 7. (Ins.-Dis. Newsltr.). RHODE ISLAND - Adults under
control in large commercial farms; more conspicuous in heavy plantings.
(Mathewson, King).

THREE-LINED POTATO BEETLE (Lema trileneata) - RHODE ISLAND - Collected on potatoes
in Coventry, Kent County. (Mathewson, Sorensen).

POTATO FLEA BEETLE (Epitrix cucumeris) - DELAWARE - Present on cucumbers and
rather numerous on some potatoes in New Castle and Kent Counties. (Burbutis,
Woodall) .

A WIREWORM (Melanotus communis) - NORTH CAROLINA - Damaged tomato plants in
Mitchell County May 20. Det. by D. A. Mount. (Conrad) .

WHITE-LINED SPHINX (Celerio lineata) - CALIFORNIA - Heavy in tomato plantings in
Hollister, San Benito County. (Cal. Coop. Rpt.).

TOMATO PINWORM (Keiferia lycopersicella) - CALIFORNIA - Larvae heavy in tomato
planting in Chula Vista, San Diego County; extremely heavy in county in 1964,
(Cal. Coop. Rpt.).

TOMATO HORNWORM (Protoparce quinquemaculata) - ARIZONA - Light to medium;
damaging tomato plants in Yuma, Maricopa and Pinal Counties. (Ariz. Coop. Sur.).

TOMATO FRUITWORM (Heliothis zea) - GEORGIA - Light to moderate on tomatoes in
Mitchell County. (Johnson). MARYLAND - First larvae of season caused holes in
leaves of snap beans in St. Marys County. (U. Md., Ent. Dept.).

EUROPEAN CORN BORER (Ostrinia nubilalis) - NEW JERSEY - Reported in pepper stalks;
apparently also in tomato plants. Expected to appear in potatoes soon. (Ins.-
Dis. Newsltr.).

TARNISHED PLANT BUG (Lygus lineolaris) - DELAWARE - Present on peas; very common
on potatoes in New Castle County. Present on lima beans in Sussex County.
(Burbutis, Woodall).

LEAF MINER FLIES - ALABAMA - Extremely heavy on commercial tomato plants through-
out Houston County; many growers seeking controls. (Bagby).

CABBAGE MAGGOT (Hylemya brassicae) - OHIO - Injured 2 large cabbage fields in
Sandusky County and home planting in Columbiana County. Generally active in
Stark, Summit and Wayne Counties. WISCONSIN - Very few adults caught; small
larvae common on radishes and cabbages in Door and Columbia Counties. (Wis. Ins.
Sur.). NEW YORK - Active in untreated seedbeds in Orleans County. Injury
appearing in almost every field in Erie County. (N.Y. Wkly. Rpt., June 7).
VERMONT - Injury prevalent on cabbage and radish in Burlington area. (MacCollom,
June 8).

- 644 -

DIAMONDBACK MOTH (Plutella maculipennis) - MARYLAND - Larvae destructive to large
cabbage planting at Salisbury, Wicomico County. (U. Md., Ent. Dept.).

IMPORTED CABBAGEWORM (Pieris rapae) - MARYLAND - Heavy on cabbage and other
crucifers in Salisbury area, Wicomico County. (U. Md., Ent. Dept.).

MEXICAN BEAN BEETLE (Epilachna varivestis) - MARYLAND - Heavy on garden beans
near Cambridge, Dorchester County. (U. Md., Ent. Dept.). GEORGIA - Very heavy
on beans in Pike County. (Vanderford). ALABAMA - Light on beans in most areas
of State. (Bolton, Seibels).

BEAN LEAF BEETLE (Cerotoma trifurcata) - GEORGIA - Very heavy on beans in Pike
County. (Vanderford) .

PEA APHID (Acyrthosiphon pisum) - WISCONSIN - High of 15 per sweep in few fields
of blossoming peas in Dane County. Most pea fields in Dane, Sauk, Columbia and
Waushara County ranged 1-40 per 10 sweeps. (Wis. Ins. Sur.).

SOUTHERN GREEN STINK BUG (Nezara viridula) - ALABAMA - Adults heavy and attacking
pole beans in Theodore area, Mobile County. (Bolton, Seibels).

SEED-CORN MAGGOT (Agonoderus lecontei) - NEW YORK - Reducing stands of snap
beans in Erie County. (N.Y. Wkly. Rpt., June 7).

ONION MAGGOT (Hylemya antiqua) - UTAH - Damaging bulb onions in Salt Lake and
Weber Counties; damage about normal. (Knowlton). COLORADO - Caused about one
percent damage in Pueblo County. (Schweissing). WISCONSIN - Large numbers
appearing in Madison blacklight trap; few in Platteville. (Wis. Ins. Sur.).

ONION THRIPS (Thrips tabaci) - COLORADO - Vary 0-30 per plant in set onions in
Arkansas Valley, depending upon controls. Vary O-8 per plant in seed production
onions; increasing rapidly after forth and fifth leaves develop. (Schweissing) .

ASPARAGUS BEETLES (Crioceris spp.) - RHODE ISLAND - C. asparagi (asparagus beetle)
and C, duodecimpunctata (spotted asparagus beetle) continue heavy in planting
in West Greenwich, Kent County. (Hannah).

BEET LEAFHOPPER (Circulifer tenellus) - COLORADO - Light to moderate, 0.2-0.8

per square foot, in Mesa, Delta and Montrose Counties. (Bulla). UTAH - Present on
seed sugar beets and Russian-thistle in St. George-Washington fields, Washington
County. (Knowlton, June 3). Survey from West Jordan, Salt Lake County, to
Elainore, Sevier County, showed average of 0.1 per foot of row; highest count

0.16 per foot of row in southern Sevier County (Dorst, June 9).

GREEN PEACH APHID (Myzus persicae) - UTAH - Light on treated sugar beets in
Washington County. (Knowlton).

LYGUS BUGS (Lygus spp.) - UTAH - Light on sugar beets for seed in Washington
field area, Washington County. (Knowlton).

FALSE CHINCH BUGS (Nysius spp.) - UTAH - Extremely numerous; largely adults on
edges of sugar beet seed fields in Santa Clara-Washington area, Washington County.
(Knowlton, June 3).

SPINACH LEAF MINER (Pegomya hyoscyami) - UTAH - Damaged 75 percent of sugar beets
at Leland, Utah County. (Dorst). NEW HAMPSHIRE - Larvae two-thirds grown in
beets and Swiss chard at Hampton. (Conklin).

SUGAR-BEET ROOT MAGGOT (Tetanops myopaeformis) - COLORADO - Adult emergence
decreasing in Larimer County; 9 adults taken during week. (Gaskill).

SALT-MARSH CATERPILLAR (Estigmene acrea) - CALIFORNIA - Heavy on lettuce plantings
in Pescadero, San Mateo County. (Cal. Coop. Rpt.).

~ 645 -

STRIPED CUCUMBER BEETLE (Acalymma vittatum) - MARYLAND - Adults causing conspicuous
stem injury to large acreage of watermelons near Salisbury, Wicomico County.

(U. Md., Ent. Dept.). DELAWARE - Common to rather numerous on cucumbers in Sussex
and Kent Counties, present in New Castle County. (Burbutis, Woodall).
MASSACHUSETTS - Active and requires controls to prevent bacterial wilt. (Crop

Pest Contr. Mess.). RHODE ISLAND - Appearing in gardens in Washington, Kent
County. (Mathewson, Sorensen).

SQUASH BEETLE (Epilachna borealis) - ALABAMA - Light feeding on foliage of several
varieties of squash in Theodore area, Mobile County. (Bolton, Seibels).

SQUASH VINE BORER (Melittia cucurbitae) - ALABAMA - Locally heavy on squash in
Covington County. Stephenson).

MELON APHID (Aphis gossypii) - CALIFORNIA - Heavy on cucumber plantings in Chula
Vista, San Diego County. (Cal. Coop. Rpt.).

WESTERN FLOWER THRIPS (Frankliniella occidentalis) - CALIFORNIA - Nymphs and
adults heavy on cucumber plantings in Chula Vista, San Diego County. (Cal. Coop.
Rpt.).

SPIDER MITES (Tetranychus spp.) - ARIZONA - Continues problem on melons in
scattered areas of Yuma and Maricopa Counties; controls necessary. (Ariz. Coop.
Sur.).

SWEETPOTATO WEEVIL (Cylas formicarius elegantulus) - ALABAMA - Heavy in stored
sweetpotatoes on property in Coffee County; only known infested property in
county. Two properties released from regulation. (PPC South. Reg., Apr. Rpt.).
LOUISIANA - Two newly infested properties found in Vernon and Livingston Parishes;
60 properties released from regulation, (PPC South. Reg., Apr. Rpt.).

SWEETPOTATO FLEA BEETLE (Chaetocnema confinis) - MARYLAND - Adults continue
injury to unprotected sweetpotato plants in Wicomico and Somerset Counties.
(U. Md., Ent. Dept.).

STRAWBERRY LEAF ROLLER (Ancylis comptana fragariae) - NEW JERSEY - Larvae quite
common; damage not heavy on bearing strawberry beds. (Ins.-Dis. Newsltr.).

APHIDS - NEW JERSEY - Winged forms of unspecified species definitely on decline
_on strawberries. (Ins.-Dis. Newsltr.).

STRAWBERRY WEEVIL (Anthonomus signatus) - RHODE ISLAND - Damaging blackberries
in Narragansett, Washington County. (Mathewson, Mueller).

ROSE CHAFER (Macrodactylus subspinosus) - PENNSYLVANIA - Quite abundant on
raspberry in Lawrence County. (Adams) .

MITES - NEW JERSEY - Damaging raspberries and blackberries where controls not
used. (Ins.-Dis. Newsltr.).

FLEA BEETLES - MARYLAND - Phyllotreta spp. heavy on cabbage and other curcifers

in Salisbury area, Wicomico County. (U. Md., Ent. Dept.). NEW YORK - Injuring
potatoes and tomatoes in Dutchess County. Few found in Erie County. (N.Y. Wkly.
Rpt., June 7). CONNECTICUT - Attacking wide variety of vegetable plants. (Savos).
RHODE ISLAND - Probably Epitrix cucumeris (potato flea beetle) becoming heavy on
potatoes in Portsmouth, Newport County, Coventry, Kent County, and in Providence
County. (Mathewson, Sorensen, King). MASSACHUSETTS - Very prevalent and damaging
newly set tomato plants and other vegetables; control recommended. (Crop Pest
Contr. Mess.).

POTATO LEAFHOPPER (Empoasca fabae) - MARYLAND - Increasing on potatoes and snap
beans on Eastern Shore, (U. Md., Ent. Dept.). DELAWARE - Present to common on
lima and snap beans in areas of Kent and Sussex Counties. Very abundant on

- 646 -

potatoes in one area of southwestern New Castle County, some damage evident.
(Burbutis, Woodall). PENNSYLVANIA - Building up on potatoes in Butler County
and southeast section. (Adams, Menusan). NEW YORK - Adults range 8-10 per 100
sweeps throughout all counties in western section. Particularly heavy in Yates,
Livingston, Monroe and Ontario Counties. (N.Y. Wkly. Rpt., June 7).

LEAFHOPPERS - NEW YORK - Heavy in lettuce in Erie County. NEW MEXICO - Damaging
foliage on bean and squash plants in home gardens at Las Cruces, Dona Ana County.
(N.M. Coop. Rpt.).

CUTWORMS - CALIFORNIA - Euxoa sp. medium and damaging tomato plants in French
Camp, San Joaquin County. (Cal. Coop. Rpt.). OHIO - Agrotis ipsilon (black
cutworm) larvae injuring sugar beets in Sandusky County. (Holdsworth, Maddy).

NEW YORK - Agrotis gladiaria (clay-backed cutworm) , Feltia subgothica (dingy
cutworm) and Euxoa sp. are most common species in sugar beet fields. Unspecified
species active on all crops in Dutchess County and on tomatoes and other trans-—
plants in Madison and Oneida Counties. (N.Y. Wkly. Rpt., June 7). CONNECTICUT -
Attack continues on wide variety of vegetables; controls recommended. (Savos).
NEW HAMPSHIRE - Unspecified species continue a problem in gardens and on straw-
berries. (Sutherland, June 3).

THRIPS - DELAWARE - Various species present on asparagus in New Castle County
and common on cucumbers and snap beans in several areas, (Burbutis, Woodall).
NEW MEXICO - Mostly light to moderate on onions at Portales, Roosevelt County.
(Kloepfer).

MOLE CRICKETS - SOUTH CAROLINA - Damaging vegetable crops in sandy soil near
Ridgeway. (Nettles et al., June 8).

- 647 -

TOBACCO INSECTS

TOBACCO FLEA BEETLE (Epitrix hirtipennis) - MARYLAND - Adults continued destruc-—
tive to newly set tobacco in all tobacco-growing areas. (U. Md., Ent. Dept.).

THRIPS - MARYLAND - Heavy on newly set tobacco in tobacco-growing counties. (U.
Md., Ent. Dept.).

BUDWORMS (Heliothis spp.) - GEORGIA - Light to moderate on tobacco in southern
area. Heavy egg deposition noted on flowers of tobacco. (Johnson).

A SNOWY TREE CRICKET (Oecanthus sp.) - NORTH CAROLINA - Reported causing some dam-
age to tobacco in field in Duplin County. (Reynolds).

COTTON INSECTS

BOLL WEEVIL (Anthonomus grandis) - SOUTH CAROLINA - Total of 72 adults taken in
trap plot on 9 groups of 12 potted plants at Pee Dee Experiment Station, Florence
County; 12 taken in 1964. Total to date 143; 81 collected in 1964. Emergence
from hibernation increased considerably over previous week due to increased rain.
Field populations increasing rapidly; need for protective applications very im-
portant. (Cott. Ltr.). GEORGIA - Counts in 22 cotton fields in southern area
ranged 0-80 percent punctured squares; averaged 10 percent. (Johnson). ALABAMA -
Approximately 30 cotton fields examined in Henry, Covington, Conecuh and Morengo
Counties. Counts for weevils in fields fully fruiting ranging extremely high.

All growers in Covington County indicate weevils much earlier and heavier than in
past 10 years. Few adults emerged in Henry, Covington and Conecuh Counties from
squares in cotton planted in late March. Counts in early fields ranged 20-86
(mostly 40-80) percent infested. Fields in Marengo County averaged 40 percent.
Live weevil counts on cotton in 5 isolated fields in Covington County ranged 200-
660 per acre. Temperature and hot weather failed to kill larvae in squares and

on ground in that area. Live weevil taken on cotton in Jefferson County. (Miller
et al.). MISSISSIPPI - Adults heavy in some fields in Holmes, Monroe, Jefferson
Davis, Pike and at Boll Weevil Laboratory and at Delta Station. Rains brought
weevils out of hibernation. Sharp increase in winter survival indicates popula-
tions may be high in fields. (Young, Bennett, June 7). Adults found in 1 of 50
fields checked in delta counties; punctured squares found in 2 fields with squares
large enough for weevil punctures. Percent punctured squares: 1 and 4 percent

in 2 fields. (Pfrimmer et al., June 10). LOUISIANA - Weevils found in 50 per-
cent of fields examined in Madison Parish; number per acre ranged 50-775. In
fields treated until frost fall of 1964, averaged number per acre 10. In area

not treated in fall, average number 775. Total of 26 weevils recovered from 50
trap cotton plants placed in fields near hibernation sites; this compares with

45 recovered previous week. (Cleveland et al., June 10). TENNESSEE - Only 5
weevils feeding on terminal buds this season. All found in southeastern part of
western area. Some overwintering weevils believed appearing in fields. (Locke).
ARKANSAS - Only one weevil found in 8 fields in eastern area. (Ark. Ins. Sur.).
TEXAS - Found in 8 of 60 treated and 4 of 11 untreated fields in McLennan and Falls
Counties, Averaged 60 per acre in untreated fields (maximum 332). Averaged 15 in
treated fields (maximum 168) per acre. Overall average 26 per acre. Survival
percentages in hibernation cages to June 11 as follows: 2.4 in 2 cages containing
1,000 field collected weevils installed October 29; 16.2 in cage containing 136
weevils removed from ground trash and rehibernated December 2; and 27.0 in cage
containing 152 weevils removed from ground trash and rehibernated in March 1965.
No weevils emerged from cages containing green bolls collected in November and
cages containing bollie cotton collected from standing stalks in March. None col-
lected from flight screens, (Cowan et al.).

FLEA BEETLES - MISSISSIPPI - Attacking seedling cotton in Quitman County. (Young,
Bennett, June 7). Caused light injury in several delta county fields. (Pfrimmer
et al., June 10). TENNESSEE - Some light damage continues in western area; some
controls used. (Locke).

- 648 -

WIREWORMS - NORTH CAROLINA - Undetermined species killed high percent of plants
in Edgecombe County field; injury probably caused by Conoderus vespertinus (to-
bacco wireworm). (Perry).

BOLLWORMS (Heliothis spp. et al.) - GEORGIA - Very light in 22 cotton fields in
southern area. (Johnson). ALABAMA - Heliothis spp. larvae rather light on cot-
ton throughout southern area; 5-8 small larvae per 100 terminals occasionally
noted. Lesser numbers in all fields. Eggs light to heavy in most fields; H. zea
and H. virescens adults frequently observed. (McQueen). MISSISSIPPI - Eggs and
some larvae found in number of counties. Spotty and not troublesome. (Young,
Bennett, June 7). Eggs found in 18 of 50 delta county fields checked. Majority
of eggs found latter part of week. Maximum number 18 per 100 terminals; first
instars found in 2 fields. (Pfrimmer et al.). LOUISIANA - Eggs and larvae in-
creasing in some fields in Madison Parish, especially in fields not treated regu-
larly. (Cleveland et al., June 10). ARKANSAS - Moth emergence for period June
1-7 totaled 1,304 per acre. (Ark. Ins. Sur.). TEXAS - Five larvae and 15 eggs
found in 8 fields of cotton; 55 larvae found on 150 Texas-star plants in McLennan-
Falls County area. (Cowan et al.).

CABBAGE LOOPER (Trichoplusia ni) - NEVADA - Populations increasing on cotton in
Pahrump Valley, Nye County. Treatment will be required. (Cooney, Zoller).
ARIZONA - Light and require limited controls in central area; no infestations
reported in western or eastern areas. (Ariz. Coop. Sur.). GEORGIA - Light on
cotton in Tift County. (French).

BEET ARMYWORM (Spodoptera exigua) - NEVADA - Increasing on cotton in Pahrump
Valley; some heavy damage apparent. Treatment will be necessary. (Cooney,
Zoller). CALIFORNIA - General throughout San Joaquin Valley; particularly heavy
in Tulare Lake bottom area where extensive damage occurred. (Burton, June 7).

PINK BOLLWORM (Pectinophora gossypiella) - TEXAS - Total of 153 adults collected
from 3 cages containing green bolls collected in November and placed on soil sur-
face and 724 from 3 cages containing green bolls placed on screens 6 inches above
soil in November in McLennan and Falls County area. In 6 cages containing 100
pounds of bollie cotton collected from standing stalks in March, 149 emerged.
(Cowan et al.).

PAINTED LADY (Vanessa cardui) - NEVADA - Larvae light in all cotton checked in
Pahrump Valley, Nye County. (Cooney, Zoller). CALIFORNIA - Evident on cotton in
Fresno and Tulare Counties; infestations light to date. (Burton, June 7).

STALK BORER (Papaipema nebris) - ALABAMA - Occasional larva boring into stalks of
cotton; causing light damage along fence rows and borders in isolated fields in
Morgan County. Fairly common in central and northern areas of State. (Rutledge).

CUTWORMS - CALIFORNIA - Greater problem throughout San Joaquin Valley this season;
several species observed. Peridroma saucia (variegated cutworm) ‘appears most
prevalent. (Burton, June 7) Caused medium damage to cotton in Shafter area, Kern
County. (Cal. Coop. Rpt.).

COTTON SQUARE BORER (Strymon melinus) - TEXAS - Occasional specimen found in 4
fields in McLennan and Falls County area. (Cowan et al.).

APHIDS - NORTH CAROLINA - Anuraphis maidiradicis (corn root aphid) heavily damaged
2 fields of cotton in Wayne County week of June 6. Undetermined root aphids in-
fested 4 or 5 fields in Edgecombe County, but plants growing out of damage with
more favorable weather. (Robertson, Perry). TENNESSEE - Trace numbers of
unspecified species noted on cotton in western area; no damage noted, none
expected, (Locke). ALABAMA - Aphis gossypii (cotton aphid) noted in cotton in
southern area; not a major problem, Jackson et al.). MISSISSIPPI - Unspecified
aphids caused light injury in several delta county fields. (Pfrimmer et al.).
TEXAS - A. gossypii light in 15 and medium in 1 of 71 fields checked in McLennan
and Falls Counties. (Cowan et al.).

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TARNISHED PLANT BUG (Lygus lineolaris) - LOUISIANA - Becoming problem on older
cotton not treated regularly in Madison Parish. Sweepings in several fields of
cotton, on ditchbanks, pasture and soybeans indicate peak of migration from wild
hosts to cotton and beans not reached. (Cleveland et al., June 10). MISSISSIPPI -
Of 50 delta county fields, heavy in 3, medium in 3, light in 26 and zero in 18.
(Pfrimmer et al.). ALABAMA - Noted in southern fields but not major problem.
(Jackson et al.).

LYGUS BUGS (Lygus spp.) - ARIZONA - Damage increased slightly in central area but
remains negligible in Graham, Greenlee and Yuma Counties. Populations reaching
economic level in Yuma. (Ariz. Coop. Rpt.).

PLANT BUGS - MISSISSIPPI - Appearing in number of counties. (Young, Bennett,
June 7).

COTTON FLEAHOPPER (Psallus seriatus) - LOUISIANA - Light to heavy on wild hosts
but only light on cotton in Madison Parish. (Cleveland et al.). TEXAS - Con-
tinues light in McLennan and Falis Counties; only 2 untreated fields with damaging
populations. Averaged 1.6 per 100 terminals in 60 treated fields; ranged 0-9.0.
In 11 untreated fields, averaged 1.8 and ranged 0-18.5 per 100 terminals. Average
4.3 per plant in 3 fields of horsemint. (Cowan et al.).

FLEAHOPPERS - MISSISSIPPI - Appearing in number of counties. (Young, Bennett,
June 7). In 50 fields checked in delta counties, light in 20, medium in 1 and
zero in 29, (Pfrimmer et al.).

LEAFHOPPERS - MISSISSIPPI - Causing light injury in several delta county fields.
(Pfrimmer et al.).

THRIPS — SOUTH CAROLINA - Very heavy on some unprotected fields. (Cott. Ltr.).
ALABAMA - Noted in southern fields but not major problem. (Jackson et al.).
MISSISSIPPI - Although younger plants in many fields in delta counties show con-
siderable injury, population appears to have markedly dropped. Of 50 fields (all
stages) checked, light in 21 and zero in 29. In test plots, populations dropped
sharply in untreated checks even though plants still small. (Pfrimmer et al.).
LOUISIANA —- Continues problem in some young cotton in Madison Parish; light in
most fields. Several fields with less than one per plant. (Cleveland et al.,
June 10). TENNESSEE - Some damage continues in western area; some controls used.
(Locke). TEXAS - Most early planted fields recovered from injury in McLennan
and Falls Counties; few late planted untreated fields now injured. Light in 20,
medium in 1 and zero in 39 of 60 treated fields. In 11 untreated fields, light
in 3, medium in 1, heavy in 2 and none in 5. (Cowan et al.).

SPIDER MITES - NORTH CAROLINA - Tetranychus sp. severe on some outside rows in
Edgecombe County field May 27; cotton field near strawberries heavily damaged in
Northampton County. (Perry, Robertson). GEORGIA - Light to heavy with most
fields light. (Johnson). ALABAMA - Tetranychus spp. noted in southern cotton
fields but not major problem. (Jackson et al.). MISSISSIPPI - Appearing in spots
in Tunica and Coahoma Counties. (Young, Bennett, June 7). TENNESSEE - Some found
around edges of fields in western area in fields infested last season. Conditions
much more favorable for buildup; controls urged on borders. (Locke). ARIZONA -
T. telarius (two-spotted spider mite) scattered and damaging cotton in areas of
Graham, Greenlee and Maricopa Counties; controls necessary. (Ariz. Coop. Sur.).
NEVADA - Tetranychus sp. spotty in cotton in Pahrump Valley, Nye County. Ranged
light to heavy. (Cooney, Zoller). CALIFORNIA — Infestations general; moderate

to extensive in many fields in Kern, Kings and Tulare Counties; light in western
Fresno County. (Burton, June 7).

FOREST, ORNAMENTAL AND SHADE TREE INSECTS

SPRUCE NEEDLE MINER (Taniva albolineana) - NEW YORK - Adult emergence continues
in laboratory. Heavy in Norwich. (N.Y. Wkly. Rpt., June 7).

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EUROPEAN PINE SHOOT MOTH (Rhyacionia buoliana) - NEW JERSEY - Adults appearing

in central counties. (Ins.—-Dis. Newsltr.). MICHIGAN - Of 20-twig sample taken
June 9 in Livingston County, 25 percent of population pupated; 75 percent nearing
pupation. (Newman). WISCONSIN —- Considerable number of pupae noted in home
planting in Kenosha County. (Wis. Ins. Sur.).

PINE TIP MOTHS -— ARKANSAS - Damage by first larval generation quite noticeable
in many young stands in southern area; becoming evident in northern area.
Pupation well underway in former area by May 12; adult emergence probably late
same week. Emergence in northern area began May 31. Controls urged to protect
ornamentals and high value trees. (Ark. Forest Pest Rpt., June).

EUROPEAN PINE SAWFLY (Neodiprion sertifer) - MICHIGAN - Larvae fully grown; many
dropped to soil for pupation in Genessee and Berrien Counties. (Wallner). OHIO -
Most trees in plantation of 24,000 red and Scotch pines near New Albany, Franklin
County, showed feeding damage. (Donley).

CONIFER SAWFLIES (Neodiprion spp.) - ARKANSAS - No reports of N. lecontei (red-
headed pine sawfly) received; additional infestations of N. taedae linearis
observed in Washington County with one small stand heavily defoliated. Defoliation
of pine, probably caused by N. taedae linearis observed in Lafayette County north
of Lewisville and on Pine Tree Forest, St. Francis County. N. taedae linearis
infestations appeared over wider area in 1964 but generally infestations were
lighter except in local areas. (Ark. Forest Pest Rpt., June).

SAWFLIES - NEW YORK - Larvae numerous in Dutchess County and on Scotch pine in
Onondaga County. (N.Y. Wkly. Rpt., June 7). CONNECTICUT - Larvae of various
species continue feeding on pines. Controls urged. (Savos).

BARK BEETLES —- ARKANSAS - Infestations of Ips spp. and Dendroctonus terebrans
(black turpentine beetle) active in local spots, usually around lightning strikes
and other areas where trees weakened. Ips avulsus and small species should be
watched closely; any trees with top dying should be salvaged; care should be
emphasized in harvest operations to reduce D. terebrans buildup. (Ark. Forest
Pest Rpt., June). CALIFORNIA -: Phloeosinus cupressi medium in cypress trees in
Pleasant Hill, Contra Costa County, and heavy on false cypress nursery stock in
Olema, Marin County. (Cal. Coop. Rpt.).

PINE BARK WEEVILS - ARKANSAS - Activity of Pissodes nemorensis (deodar weevil)
declining to low level. Feeding activity by Hylobius pales (pales weevil) noted
in recently cut areas of west central. Little damage apparent in new plantings
in southeast. Little or no damage by pitch eating species reported. (Ark.
Forest Pest Rpt., June).

PINE NEEDLE SCALE (Phenacaspis pinifoliae) - VERMONT - Crawlers active.
(MacCollom, June 8). NEW HAMPSHIRE - Crawlers active at Durham June 7. (Mason).
CONNECTICUT - Crawlers expected soon; controls recommended. (Savos). UTAH -
Occasionally heavy on pine and blue spruce at Salt Lake City. (Knowlton, June 7).

PINE TORTOISE SCALE (Toumeyella numismaticum) - MINNESOTA - Heavy in plantation
in area north of Smoky Hills State Forest. (Minn. Ins. Rpt.).

A MARGARODID SCALE (Matsucoccus acalyptus) - NEVADA - Crawlers present on pinyon
pine on Pine Nut Range, Douglas County. (Lauderdale).

CANKERWORMS - WISCONSIN - Decreased although still present in Mazomanie and
Marquette Counties June 7-8 Noticeable feeding on oaks near Westfield. (Wis.
Ins. Sur.). MINNESOTA - Shot-holing of elms in Detroit Lakes area; spraying under-
way in Crookston. During past 2-3 years activity noted along Red Lake River

from Thief River Falls to East Grand Forks. (Minn. Ins. Rpt.). NORTH DAKOTA -
Larvae feeding on shade trees and causing concern in Bottineau. (Cushing).
NEBRASKA - Paleacrita vernata (spring cankerworm) moderate on hackberry in western

areas. (Pruess).

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EASTERN TENT CATERPILLAR (Malacosoma americanum) - RHODE ISLAND - Larvae dispers-
ing; some pupation noted statewide. (Mathewson, Villeux, Hannah).

FOREST TENT CATERPILLAR (Malacosoma disstria) - PENNSYLVANIA -— Observed on oak
and beech at Scranton, Lackawanna County, June 1. (Andreychik). UTAH - Common
on shade trees and dooryard apple trees at Logan and in Cache County. (Knowlton,
June 7).

GREAT BASIN TENT CATERPILLAR (Malacosoma fragile) - UTAH - Disappeared but large
numbers of poplar trees 80-90 percent defoliated, particularly several hundred in
Rockville-Springdale area, Washington County, and trees in Santa Clara area.
Infestation most severe along Virgin River. (Knowlton, June 7).

FALL WEBWORM (Hyphantria cunea) - NORTH CAROLINA - First instars noted on
sycamore in Chatham County. (Green).

GYPSY MOTH (Porthetria dispar) - RHODE ISLAND - Treatment of 3,850 acres in
Cranston and Lincoln, Providence County, and Warwick, Kent County, completed.
(Mathewson).

LEAF ROLLER MOTHS - NEW YORK - Larvae, probably Archips sp., collected on hawthorn
in Rockland County week of May 24 pupated; adults emerged. Unspecified species
defoliated oaks in woods near Riverhead, Suffolk County. (N.Y. Wkly. Rpt., June 7).

A LEAF BLOTCH MINER (Cameraria sp.) — NORTH CAROLINA - Infested oak leaves in
Cabarrus and Gaston Counties. (Allen, Erwin).

SATIN MOTH (Stilpnotia salicis) - CALIFORNIA - Larvae heavy on poplar trees in
city park at Alturas, Modoc County. (C. Smola, B. Roettgering, USFS),

MOURNING-CLOAK BUTTERFLY (Nympahlis antiopa) - RHODE ISLAND - Larvae noted on
properties in Woonsocket, Glocester, Smithfield and Cranston, Providence County,
usually on willow. (Mathewson, Veilleux). NEVADA - Light to medium on elm and
willow in southern Washoe County. (Coop. Rpt.).

LEPIDOPTEROUS LARVAE —- MICHIGAN - Undetermined species caused serious defoliation
of large stand of oaks in Lake County. (Newman).

ELM LEAF BEETLE (Galerucella xanthomelaena) — NEVADA -— Fifty larval infested trees
found in trailer park northwest of Las Vegas, Clark County; this is a new county
record and southernmost record for State. Nearest known infestations: Hawthorne
Mineral County, and Caliente, Lincoln County. (Beckmyer, Cooney, Zoller). Eggs
but no larvae noted in Winnemucca, Humboldt County. (Lundahl). UTAH - Larvae
damaging elms at St. George, Washington County; adults active at Kanab, Kane
County. (Knowlton, June 7). OHIO - Hatched; larvae feeding in Franklin County.
(Walker). ARKANSAS - Feeding damage by first larval generation becoming quite
evident; numbers appear somewhat heavier than normal. Controls recommended.
(Ark. Forest Pest Rpt., June). ALABAMA - Larvae and adults in great numbers on
elms in Rock Mills area, Randolph County. (Wakefield). MARYLAND - Larvae
causing conspicuous foliage injury to American elms in several communities in
Prince Georges County. (U. Md., Ent. Dept.). RHODE ISLAND - Adult feeding
evident statewide. (Mathewson, Veilleux).

A LEAF BEETLE (Phyllecthrus gentilis) - INDIANA -— Adults defoliating black
locust in areas of Ripley County. (Sanders).

MAY BEETLES (Phyllophaga spp.) - ARKANSAS - Defoliation of oaks heavy in some
southern areas up to and extending into Ouachita Mountains; further northward,
feeding signs present but much less noticeable. (Ark. Forest Pest Rpt., June).

SHOT-HOLE BORER (Scolytus rugulosus) - UTAH - Severely damaging bark of 2 Monterey
ash trees at St. George, Washington County. (Knowlton, June 3).

- 652 -

ELM CALLIGRAPHA (Calligrapha scalaris) - NEBRASKA - Defoliating elms in western
area. (Pruess).

MAPLE PETIOLE BORER (Caulocampus acericaulis) - NEW YORK - Damaging maples in
Dutchess and Nassau Counties. (N.Y. Wkly. Rpt., June 7). OHIO - Damaged maples
in Columbus and Woodsfield. (Pollock, Delaplane).

BRONZE BIRCH BORER (Agrilus anxius) - MINNESOTA - Adults found in tunnels but
no emergence; controls recommended in last half of June and early July. (Minn.

Ins). Rpt.)):

ASH-GRAY BLISTER BEETLE (Epicauta fabricii) - NORTH DAKOTA - Light on caragana
in southwest. (Frye).

WILLOW FLEA WEEVIL (Rhynchaenus rufipes) —- RHODE ISLAND - Heavy on willon in
Narragansett, Washington County. (Mathewson, June 7).

WOOLLY ELM APHID (Eriosoma americanum) —- UTAH -— Curling some elm leaves at Kanab,
Kane County. (Knowlton, June 7). NORTH DAKOTA - Light to moderate commonly on
elms in southern area. (Frye).

WOOLLY ALDER APHID (Prociphilus tessellatus) —- NORTH CAROLINA - Infested maple
in Forsyth County June 4 and maple in Hertford County June 3. (Moree, Ballentine).

BOXELDER APHID (Periphyllus negundinis) —- NEVADA - Heavy on boxelder with heavy
honeydew in Elko, Elko County. (Harnist).

ELM LEAF APHID (Myzocallis ulmi) —- MARYLAND - Buildup noted on American elms in
Carrollton, Prince Georges County. (U. Md., Ent. Dept.).

ELM COCKSCOMB-GALL APHID (Colopha ulmicola) - SOUTH DAKOTA - Infesting elms in
Martin; galls very common this year. (Jones).

COTTONY MAPLE SCALE (Pulvinaria innumerabilis) - NEW JERSEY - Observed on silver
maple and dogwood trees; crawlers expected to be active soon. (Ins.-Dis. Newsltr.).
MICHIGAN - Cottony secretion of females very apparent on infested Ingham County
maples; eggs numerous but no crawlers observed. (Wallner). OHIO - Very severe
outbreak in North Olmsted, Cuyahoga County. (Christman, Sleesman),

CALICO SCALE (Lecanium cerasorum) - DELAWARE - Hatching on elm, sweetgum and
maple. (MacCreary).

LEAFHOPPERS - NEW YORK - Partially responsible for defoliation of oaks in woods
near Riverhead, Suffolk County. (N.Y. Wkly. Rpt., June 7). OHIO - Feeding damage
and leaf deformation on honeylocust noted in Hamilton, Franklin and Montgomery
Counties; feeding damage on row of 200 trees about 15-20 feet high near Cincinnati;
damage abundant near Dayton, (Walker, Cooley, Galford). IOWA -— Feeding on leaves
of deciduous trees and evergreens. (Iowa Ins. Inf., June 7). UTAH - Caused light
leaf discoloration on euonymus at Farmington, Davis County, and on Some grapes,
roses and elms in Washington County. (Knowlton, June 3). NEW MEXICO - Problem

on dahlia plants in Portales area, Roosevelt County. (Kloepfer).

ASH PLANT BUG (Neoborus amoenus ) - UTAH - Discoloring some Monterey ash foliage
at St. George, Washington County. (Knowlton, June 3).

BOXELDER BUG (Leptocoris trivittatus) - NEW MEXICO — Heavy on boxelder trees
around homes in ESpanola area, Rio Arriba County. (Heninger).

BIRCH LEAF MINER (Fenusa pusilla) - VERMONT - Still laying eggs. (MacCollom,
June 8). RHODE ISLAND — Conspicuous statewide. (Mathewson, Peabody, Sorenson).
NEW JERSEY - Controls urged. (Ins.-Dis. Newsltr.). MINNESOTA -— Common in some
areas; controls recommended in July. (Minn. Ins. Rpt.).

GIANT HORNET (Vespa crabro germana) - CONNECTICUT - Debarking birch and pear
trees at Orange, Newton and Woodbridge. (Johnson).

MAPLE BLADDER-GALL MITE (Vasates quadripedes) -— CONNECTICUT - Noted statewide.
(Savos). NEW YORK - More severe in Onodaga County than in past. (N.Y. Wkly.
Rpt., June 7). MARYLAND - Galls conspicuous on maples at several localities in
Prince Georges County. (U. Md., Ent. Dept.). NORTH CAROLINA - Infested maples
in Hertford County. (Ballentine, Robertson). OHIO —- Common in Portage County;
many complaints in Wayne County. (McNutt, Treece, Rings). IOWA - Noted in
Waverly, Des Moines and Montezuma. (Iowa Ins. Inf., June 7).

APHIDS — NEW MEXICO — Probably Amphorophora nervata moderate to heavy on

roses at Las Cruces, Dona Ana County. (N.M. Coop. Rpt.). UTAH — Small Cinara sp.
infesting some arborvitae shrubs at Santa Clara, Washington County; many shrubs
sprayed for controls at St. George. (Knowlton, June 3). Chaitophorus sp.
numerous on leaves and occasional Pterocomma sp. colonies on twig bark of willows
in Richfield area, Sevier County, and Santa Clara, Washington County. (Knowlton).
NEVADA -— Eriosoma sp. heavy on elms and causing leaf roll and nuisance from honey-
dew in Elko, Elko County. (Earnist). ARKANSAS - Many species active in spring;
woolly species on elms of particular concern. Cinara sp. heavy on pine near

Hope; lady beetles completely eliminated Cinara sp. population. Parasitic wasps
reduced numbers to below damaging level on ornamental plant. (Ark. Forest Pest
Rpt., June). IOWA - Unspecified species feeding on leaves of deciduous trees

and evergreens. (Iowa Ins. Inf., June 7). WISCONSIN - Several species building
up on various hosts. Macrosiphum rosae (rose aphid) on roses and Periphylius
negundinis (boxelder aphid) on boxelder noted. (Wis. Ins. Sur.). MINNESOTA —
Specimens, tentatively identified as Cinara palmerae, infested occasional blue
spruce in Minneapolis-St. Paul area. (Minn. Ins. Rpt.). NEW YORK - Unspecified
Species numerous on ornamentals, especially California privet. @NOYe, WikkihyieRpite:,
June 7).

SOFT SCALES -— NORTH CAROLINA - Ceroplastes sp. crawlers noted June 5 in Nash
County; week-old crawlers noted in Wake County June 9. (Robertson, Green).
MARYLAND - Pulvinaria sp. heavy on dogwood and maple on many properties statewide.
(U. Md., Ent. Dept.). NEW YORK - Lecanium sp. especially serious on albizia in
Nassau County. (N.Y. Wkly. Rpt., June 7). VERMONT - Lecanium sp. crawlers
active. (MacCollom, June 8). WISCONSIN - Lecanium sp. very heavy in city in
Jefferson County where fogging for mosquito abatement exercised; similar condition
occurred in Dane County community several years ago. (Wis. Ins. Sur.).

FLETCHER SCALE (Lecanium fletcheri) - MINNESOTA - Heavy on arborvitae in some
nurseries in St. Paul-Minneapolis area; controls recommended. (Minn. Ins. Rpt.).

OYSTERSHELL SCALE (Lepidosaphes ulmi) - UTAH - Hatching at Glendale, Sevier
County, June 4; complete in lower elevations. (Knowlton). WISCONSIN -
Hatching in Dane County. (Wis. Ins. Sur.). IOWA — Hatched at Ames, June 5;
controls urged. (Iowa Ins. Inf.). VERMONT - Crawlers active. {MacCollom,
June 8), NEW HAMPSHIRE — Hatching on lilac at Durham. (Conklin, June 8).

EUONYMUS SCALE (Unaspis euonymi) -— MARYLAND -— Infesting euonymus at University
Park, Prince Georges County. (U. Md., Ent. Dept.).

JUNIPER SCALE (Diaspis carueli) - PENNSYLVANIA - Crawlers noted on juniper in
Butler County. (Adams).

A PIT SCALE (Asterolecanium arabidis) - CALIFORNIA - Heavy on pittosporum plants
in Bakersfield, Kern County; this is a new county record. (Cal. Coop. Rpt.).

MEALYBUGS - NEW HAMPSHIRE - Pseudococcus sp. noted on Taxus sp. at Barrington.
(Sutherland, June 7). RHODE ISLAND - Pseudococcus sp. heavy on yew in planting
in Warren, Bristol County. (Mathewson). CONNECTICUT - Active on taxus; controls
recommended. (Savos). NEW YORK - Very prevalent in Nassau County. (N.Y. Wkly.
Rpt., June).

- 654 -
AZALEA BARK SCALE (Eriococcus azaleae) - NEW YORK - This and other species very
prevalent in Nassau County. (N.Y. Wkly. Rpt., June Wye

PLANTHOPPERS - SOUTH CAROLINA - Nymphs numerous on ornamentals; ranged one-half
to three-quarters grown. (Nettles et al.).

ROSE LEAFHOPPER (Edwardsiana rosae) - UTAH - Conspicuously discoloring rose
foliage in untreated gardens at Ogden, Logan and Salt Lake City. (Knowlton).

A COREID BUG (Narnia pallidicornis) - CALIFORNIA - Eggs, nymphs and adults light
to medium on seed pods of cleistocactus nursery stock in Vista, San Diego County.
(Gale CoopeeRpit pr:

FALSE CHINCH BUGS (Nysius spp.) - ARIZONA - Extremely heavy; causing light damage
to ornamentals in Maricopa and Graham Counties. Greater problem as nuisance to
homeowners. (Ariz. Coop. Sur.).

FOUR-LINED PLANT BUG (Poecilocaspus lineatus) - PENNSYLVANIA - Quite numerous on
chrysanthemums in Lebanon County. (Udine).

LACE BUGS -— NEW YORK - Numerous and damaging on andromeda in Nassau County.
(N.Y. Wkly. Rpt., June 7).

RHODODENDRON BORER (Ramosia rhododendri) - CONNECTICUT - Active; controls urged
every 2 weeks until end of June. (Savos). MASSACHUSETTS - Will be active through
June. (Crop Pest Cont. Mess.).

LILAC BORER (Podosesia syringae syringae) -— CONNECTICUT - Noted on privet at
Williamantic. (Savos). NEW YORK — Emergence noted in Newark and Ithaca. (N.Y.
Wkly. Rpt., June 7).

IRIS BORER (Macornoctua onusta) - CONNECTICUT - Noted in New Haven. (Johnson).

BAGWORM (Thyridopteryx ephemaraeformis) — MARYLAND - Small larvae causing
conspicuous damage to ornamental junipers in Queen Annes and Talbot Counties.
(U. Md., Ent. Dept.).

BAGWORMS - ARKANSAS - Hatching about complete in southern area; nearly complete
in northern; treatments by homeowners urged. (Ark. Forest Pest Rpt., June).
MISSOURI - Evidence of heavy feeding becoming quite common on cedars and several
other evergreens. (Wkly. Ins. Rpt.).

MIMOSA WEBWORM (Homadaula albizziae) - ALABAMA - Few light infestations noted
on mimosa in Montgomery County. (McQueen). OHIO — Adults and second instars
observed in Montgomery County near Dayton. (Galford, Kennedy, Peacock).

CORN EARWORM (Heliothis zea) - ARIZONA - Damaging ornamentals and home gardens
in areas of Tucson, Pima County. (Ariz. Coop. Sur.).

CUTWORMS - VERMONT - Damaging flowers extensively. (MacCollom, June 8).

PLUTELLID MOTHS (Argyresthia spp.) - RHODE ISLAND - Heavy on arborvitae in plant—
ing in Wakefield, Washington County. (Mathewson).

ROSE CHAFER (Macrodactylus subspinosus) - CONNECTICUT - Adult activity expected
soon; controls recommended. (Savos). RHODE ISLAND - Adults becoming common
throughout State. (Mathewson, Veilleux). MASSACHUSETTS - Emergence underway;
damage toornamentals will appear soon. (Crop Pest Cont. Mess.). NEW HAMPSHIRE -
First adults noted at Durham June 6. (Mason). MICHIGAN - First adults of season
emerged; new adults reported June 8 in Monroe, Ingham and Genessee Counties.
Protection urged on highly susceptible plants. (Wallner, Hoffman).

- 655 -

JUNE BEETLES - IOWA - Locally heavy flights with lawn damage predicted; light
trap collections not yet heavy. (Iowa Ins. Inf., June 7).

RED TURNIP BEETLE (Entomoscelis americana) - WISCONSIN - Adults common on hoary
alyssum near Almond, Portage County. Wis. Ins. Sur.).

A FLEA BEETLE (Altica litigata) - FLORIDA - Adults generally infesting and
severely damaging leaves of crapemyrtle in nursery at Orlando, Orange County.
(Griffith, June 4).

BLACK VINE WEEVIL (Brachyrhinus sulcatus) - RHODE ISLAND - Adults collected in
Lincoln; pupae common. (Veilleux). MICHIGAN - First seasonal adult activity

June 8 in Genessee County; light feeding injury on taxus. Population mostly larvae
and pupae; peak of adult emergence expected about June 18. (Wallner).

STRAWBERRY ROOT WEEVIL (Brachyrhinus ovatus) - MINNESOTA - Feeding on arborvitae;
cauSing girdling and flagging of twigs. (Minn. Ins. Rpt.).

CHRYSANTHEMUM GALL MIDGE (Diarthronomyia chrysanthemi) - CALIFORNIA - Heavy on
chrysanthemum nursery stock in Chico, Butte County. (Cal. Coop. Rpt.).

A DRYWOOD TERMITE (Kalotermes approximatus) - NORTH CAROLINA - Infested white
oak near Newton Grove, Sampson County; infestation 30 feet above ground.
Det. by H. B. Moore. (Goforth).

BANDED GREENHOUSE THRIPS (Hercinothrips femoralis) —- FLORIDA - Adults generally
infesting and severely damaging leaves of Philodendron selloum in nursery at
Orlando, Orange County. (Griffith, June 4).

LEAFCUTTING BEES - NEW YORK - Cutting holes in rhododendron leaves in Nassau
County. (N.Y. Wkly. Rpt., June 7).

SPIDER MITES - MARYLAND - Various species infesting azaleas, boxwood, hemlock and
spruce in eastern and southern sections. (U. Md., Ent. Dept.). NEVADA - Heavy
on arborvitae and ornamental juniper; severe on some trees in Elko, Elko County.

(Earnist). Variable light to heavy on ornamental juniper in Ormsby and southern
Washoe Counties. (Coop. Rpt.). NEW MEXICO - Heavy and damaging evergreens in
Las Cruces area, Dona Ana County. (Campbell, Watson). Problem on chrysanthemums

in same area. (Campbell).

AN ERIOPHYID MITE (Aculus ligustri) - CALIFORNIA - Heavy on privet nursery stock
in Palo Alto, Santa Clara County. (Cal. Coop. Rpt.).

MITES - NEW JERSEY - Populations quite heavy on boxwood; controls recommended.
(Ins.-Dis. Newsltr.). NEW YORK - Heavy damage on Norway spruce in Norwich area.
(N.Y. Wkly. Rpt., June 7). IOWA - Feeding on leaves of deciduous trees and ever-
greens; particularly damaging on evergreens. (Iowa Ins. Inf., June 7). UTAH -
About 150 arborvitae plants required controls in St. George-Santa Clara area,
Washington County. (Knowlton, June 3).

SYMPHYLANS - RHODE ISLAND - Troublesome in flower beds in Newport, Newport County.
(Peabody).

- 656 -

INSECTS AFFECTING MAN AND ANIMALS

MOSQUITOES - MICHIGAN - Heavy flights continue; blacklight trap samplings indicate
large Aedes spp. populations persist over entire State. (Newman). WISCONSIN -
Populations remain high and are worst in many years; apparently a problem State-
wide. Reported troublesome to man in 28 counties. Some counties more heavily
affected than others and mosquitoes more troublesome in some areas of these
counties than in other areas of same counties. Considerable annoyance to

cattle reported in La Crosse, Grant, Chippewa, Langlade, Polk, Price, Juneau,
Sheboygan and Wood Counties. Apparently very few areas in State where mosquitoes
not troublesome. (Wis. Ins. Sur.). MINNESOTA - Metropolitan Mosquito Control
District light trap collections totaled 10,845 females week ending June 5.

Aedes vexans totaled 8,369, an increase of approximately 25 percent over previous
week. Approximately 75 percent of all mosquitoes taken in trap at Bethel on
north edge of district; 801 larval collections made; A. vexans found in 237,
Culex restuans in 124, C. salinarius in 81, C. tarsalis in 46 and Culiseta
inornata in 491. Total of 42 15-minute evening bite collections made; 508
mosquitoes caught. A. vexans 350 and A. sticticus 65. Total of 209 5-minute
daytime collections made; 2,469 mosquitoes caught; A. vexans 1,507, A. sticticus
443 and A. cinereus 205. Brood of A. vexans following rains May 31-June 1
completing development; adult emergence expected June 11 or 12. Moderate increase
of mosquitoes within control area with substantial increases elsewhere expected.
(Minn. Ins. Sur.). NEBRASKA - Culex tarsalis and Aedes vexans heavy in eastern
area; expected increase. (Rhine). NEVADA — C. tarsSalis adults heavy in area of
sewage disposal plant in Las Vegas, Clark County. (Milner). Unspecified adults
present in Orovada area, Humboldt County. (Hilbig, Mahana). ARIZONA - Several
species becoming severe problem in Springerville-Eager area of Apache County.
(Ariz. Coop. Sur.). UTAH - Troublesome along Virgin River, particularly in
Washington-St. George fields area of Washington County. (Knowlton, June 3).
Troublesome in Cache County communities and in fields and communities from

Moroni to Manti, Sanpete County. (Knowlton, Thornely). Sometines troublesome
in Helper-Price-Wellington area, Carbon County. (Horn, Knowlton). NEW MEXICO -
Culex sp. very abundant and annoying to man and animals in Espanola area, Rio
Arriba County. (Heninger). SOUTH CAROLINA - Breeding in lagoon near pig parlor.
(Nettles et al.). VERMONT - Very annoying in all areas. (MacCollom, June 8).

FACE FLY (Musca autumnalis) - NORTH CAROLINA - Up to 25 per face on cattle in
Madison and Haywood Counties. Madison County new record. (Falter). MARYLAND -
Counts per head in herds observed as follows by county: Prince Georges 0-1,
Howard 2, Montgomery 2-8. Apparently increasing in Montgomery County. (Fales).
OHIO - Average 5.3 adults per face at Ohio Agricultural Experiment Station at
Wooster, Wayne County. (Miller). INDIANA - Very light throughout State. (Dobson).
ILLINOIS - Very scarce; none observed on herd of beef cattle in De Kalb County;
ranged 0-1 (averaged 0.2) per face on herd in Iroquois County. Gil} InsseRpiteper
MISSOURI - Ranged O-2 per face on cattle in Pettis County; ranged 1-10 in north
central district and O-1 in Randolph County. Ranged O-5 in Adair County on cattle
in herds used for populations studies. (Thomas). SOUTH DAKOTA - Ranged 2-4
adults per face on calves and 1-3 per face on adult animals. (Jones).

HOUSE FLY (Musca domestica) - VERMONT ~- Troublesome; increasing rapidly.
(MacCollom, June 8).

STABLE FLY (Stomoxys calcitrans) - WISCONSIN - Continues prime pest of cattle

in State. (Wis. Ins. Sur.). ILLINOIS - None observed on herd of beef cattle in
De Kalb County and 0-2 (average 1.2) per animal on herd in Iroquois County.
Gira sinsk sRpite

TABANID FLIES - ALABAMA - Tabanus spp. unusually heavy in many parts of State.
(Story, Huggins, Pike). Chrysops spp. adults quite frequent on cattle, horses
and other animals in low areas in southern and central areas. (Pike, Story).
MISSISSIPPI - Horse fly and deer fly populations heavy and extremely annoying to
livestock ir delta counties. (Young, Bennett, June 7). MISSOURI - Chrysops spp.

- 657 -

very annoying to campers and fishermen along Current River in south central area.
(Wingo). WISCONSIN - Unspecified species increasing in numbers in central area.
(Wis. Ins. Sur.). UTAH - Tabanus spp. and Chrysops spp. annoying horses and
eattle in several Washington and Iron County localities near meadow areas.
(Knowlton, June 3). Tabanids causing some annoyance to horses and cattle in
"Dixie" and Hurricane-Toquerville areas, Washington County. (Knowlton, June 7).

HORN FLY (Haematobia irritans) - MISSISSIPPI - Heavy on cattle in delta counties.
(Young, Bennett, June 7). INDIANA - Very light throughout State. (Dobson).
SOUTH DAKOTA - Increased to counts of 100 plus adults per side on cows and bulls
in Charles Mix County. (Jones). UTAH - Few now infesting cattle in "Dixie"
area, Washington County. (Knowlton, June 7).

CATTLE GRUBS (Hypoderma spp.) - UTAH - Adults annoyed cattle in Paragonah-—
Parowan area of Iron County, Washington fields-Santa Clara area, Washington
County, and local areas in Kane, Juab and Garfield Counties. (Knowlton, June 7).

BED BUG (Cimex lectularius) - NEW HAMPSHIRE - Infested home in Belknap County.
(Conklin, June 3).

HOUSEHOLD AND STRUCTURAL INSECTS

ANTS - NORTH CAROLINA - Acanthomyops interjectus (larger yellow ant) caused
concern to homeowner in Wake County June 2; noted in clothes closet. (Wray).

OHIO —- Tapinoma sessile (odorous house ant) caused concern in Ashland, Ashland,
County. (Stephen, Delaplane, Knight). WISCONSIN - Formica exsectoides (Allegheny
mound ant) winged forms appearing in Adams County. Camponotus pennsylvanicus
(black carpenter ant) common throughout southern section. (Wis. Ins. Sur.).
NEVADA - Large numbers of Camponotus spp. noted in Reno-Sparks area, Washoe County;
caused concern to many homeowners. (Coop. Rpt.). CALIFORNIA - Solenopsis molesta
validiuscula (a thief ant) medium in kitchen of residence in Riverside, Riverside

County. (Cal. Coop. Rpt.).

BROWN-BANDED COCKROACH (Suplella supellectilium) - PENNSYLVANIA - Infested home
in New Castle, Lawrence County. This is a new county record. (Adams).
CONNECTICUT - Problem in building in Storrs. (Savos). WYOMING - Infested
apartment house at Laramie, Albany County. (Robb).

ARMYWORM (Pseudaletia unipuncta) - CALIFORNIA - Medium larval population annoying
in and about residence in Vista, San Diego County. (Cal. Coop. Rpt.).

EUROPEAN EARWIG (Forficula auricularia) - RHODE ISLAND - Becoming more noticeable
Statewide. (Mathewson et al.). UTAH - Small numbers annoying about homes at
Logan, Cache Countys and Salt Lake City, Salt Lake County. (Knowlton).

MILLIPEDS - NORTH CAROLINA - Caused concern around homes in Wake, Cabarrus,
Pamlico and Robeson Counties. (Mount et al.).

SPRINGTAILS - NEW JERSEY - Entering homes in central and northern counties.
(Ins.-Dis. Newsltr.). UTAH - Light numbers annoying in motel at Kanab, Kane
County. (Knowlton).

STRAWBERRY ROOT WEEVIL (Brachyrhinus ovatus) - NORTH DAKOTA - Adults annoying to
occupants of home near Mercer. (Frye).

TERMITES - MARYLAND - Reticulitermes virginicus (a subterranean termite) winged
forms swarmed on numerous properties in Prince Georges County; more than normal
number of reports received. (U. Md., Ent. Dept.). NEVADA - Heavy infestation
of Paraneotermes simplicicornis (a desert dampwood termite) in floor of home in
Las Vegas, Clark County, caused heavy damage. (Beckmyer). NEBRASKA - House
infestations of Reticulitermes spp. reported in Lincoln County. (Pruess).

- 658 -

BOXELDER BUG (Leptocoris trivittatus) - NEW MEXICO -— Heavy around and in homes
near infested boxelder in Espanola area, Rio Arriba County. (Heninger).

STORED-PRODUCT INSECTS

RED-LEGGED HAM BEETLE (Necrobia rufipes) - NORTH CAROLINA - Infesting cured meat
in smokehouse in Gates County. (Bryant, June 4).

CIGARETTE BEETLE (Lasioderma serricorne) -— FLORIDA - Larvae and adults taken from
cottonseed protein meal at Pompano Beach, Broward County. (Clinton).

BENEFICIAL INSECTS

LADY BEETLES - NEVADA - Numerous in Acyrthosiphon pisum (pea aphid) infested al-
falfa in Lovelock, Pershing County, and Mason Valley, Lyon County. Varied 1-4 per
sweep in alfalfa seed fields in Orovada, Humboldt County. (Lundahl). NEW MEXICO -
Unspecified species ranged 6-8 per 25 sweeps in alfalfa in Luna County. (Campbell,
Gomez). Abundant in small grain fields checked in Eddy, Lea, Roosevelt and Curry
Counties. (Garcia, Nielsen). COLORADO - Increasing in alfalfa in all areas.
(Schweissing). WYOMING - Adults of several species average 24 per 100 sweeps and
larvae 16 per 100 sweeps in alfalfa fields of Goshen and Laramie Counties. (Marks) .
SOUTH DAKOTA - Low, 6-8 adults and 4-6 larvae per 100 sweeps, in alfalfa in
Lawrence County. (Jones). NORTH DAKOTA - Common in alfalfa in southern areas.
(Frye). MINNESOTA - Adults ranged 11-30 per 100 sweeps in central, southwest,

west central and northwest districts. Larvae appearing in some fields. (Minn.
Ins. Rpt.). WISCONSIN - Brachyacantha ursina predominant species in alfalfa field
near Poynette, Columbia County. Averaged about 3 per 10 sweeps. (Wis. Ins. Sur.).
ALABAMA - Hippodamia convergens (convergent lady beetle), Coleomegilla maculata
fuscilabris and Coccinella novemnotata helping maintain bollworm complex balance.

(McQueen) .

A PUNCTURE-VINE SEED WEEVIL (Microlarinus lareynii) - UTAH - Causing heavy damage
to puncture-vine in Santa Clara, Washington County, release area. Plants now
scarce. (Knowlton, June 3).

LACEWINGS - NEW MEXICO - Green lacewings average 6-10 per 25 sweeps in alfalfa in
Luna County. (Campbell, Gomez). COLORADO - Unspecified larvae increasing in al-
falfa in all areas. (Schweissing). WYOMING - Chrysopa spp. (green lacewings)
adults averaged 22 per 100 sweeps in alfalfa fields of Goshen and Laramie Counties.
(Marks). NORTH DAKOTA - Unspecified species common in alfalfa in southern areas.
(Frye). WISCONSIN - Adults of unspecified species generally low, range from trace
to 10 per 100 sweeps in central, southwest, west central and northwest districts.
(Minn. Ins. Rpt.).

DAMSEL BUGS (Nabis spp.) - WISCONSIN - Range 11-19 per 100 sweeps in west central,
central and southwest districts. (Minn. Ins. Rpt.). NORTH DAKOTA - Common in
alfalfa in southern areas. (Frye). WYOMING - Adults averaged 48-60 per 100
sweeps in alfalfa fields of Goshen and Laramie Counties. (Marks). COLORADO -
Increasing in alfalfa in all areas. (Schweissing). NEW MEXICO - Ranged 7-10

per 25 sweeps in alfalfain Luma County. (Campbell, Gomez). Abundant in small
grain fields checked in Eddy, Lea, Roosevelt and Curry Counties. (Garcia,
Nielsen).

A BIG-EYED BUG (Geocoris punctipes) - ALABAMA - Helping maintain bolloworm complex
balance. (McQueen).

SYRPHID FLIES - NEVADA - “arvae numerous in Acyrthosiphon pisum (pea aphid)
infested alfalfa in Lovelock, Pershing County, and Mason Valley, Lyon County.
(Lundahl).

- 659 -

PARASITIC WASPS -— ILLINOIS - One specimen of Bathyplectes curculionis reared
from Hypera postica (alfalfa weevil) larvae collected in Vermillion County.
(Dyasrt). This is a new county record. (I1l. Ins. Rpt.). NEVADA - Unspecified
species numerous in Acyrthosiphon pisum (pea aphid) infested alfalfa in Lovelock,
Pershing County, and Mason Valley, Lyon County. (Lundahl).

A LEAFCUTTING BEE (Megachile rotundata) - NEVADA - Adults active in alfalfa in
Reno, Washoe County. (Yamamoto).

MISCELLANEOUS INSECTS

WHITE-FRINGED BEETLES (Graphognathus spp.) - GEORGIA - Treatments completed on
all known infested acreage in Appling, Baker and Oconee Counties. (PPC South.
Reg., Apr. Rpt.). First adult emergence of season in Gwinnett County.
(Vanderford). TENNESSEE - Treatments completed on all accessible infested
locations in Benton, Fayette and McNairy Counties. (PPC South. Reg., Apr. Rpt.).
ARKANSAS - Treatment completed in Crittenden, Poinsett and Mississippi Counties;
planned treatment now complete. (PPC South. Reg., Apr. Rpt.).

JAPANESE BEETLE (Popillia japonica) - NEW JERSEY - Emergence noted in Crookstown
area, Burlington County, June 4. (Ins.-Dis. Newsltr.). CALIFORNIA - Additional
traps being placed in Sacramento, Yolo, Placer, Sutter, Yuba and Butte Counties;
approximately 3,000 traps now deployed. Visual inspections initiated in outlaying
areas. No beetles found to June 11. (Cal. Coop. Rpt.).

WHITE-LINED SPHINX (Celerio lineata) - NEVADA - Thousands of adults attracted to
lights in Las Vegas, Clark County, during late May. (Coop. Rpt.).

IMPORTED FIRE ANT (Solenopsis saevissima richteri) - ALABAMA - Collected for the
first time in Cullman County. (PPC South. Reg., Apr. Rpt.). GEORGIA - Suspected
specimens from Berrien County determined this species; this is a new county
record. (PPC South. Reg., Apr. Rpt.).

AN ANT (Novomessor cockerelli) - CALIFORNIA - Local infestations found on remote
desert peak 50 miles Southwest of Needles, San Bernardino County, May 25, Collected
and determined by R. Snelling. (Cal. Coop. Rpt.).

A SPIDER MITE (Schizonobia sp.) — CALIFORNIA - An undescribed species heavy in
squirrel burrow in Santa Ana Heights, Orange County. Collected by F. Meachan
May 3; det. by T. Kono and varified by D. M. Tuttle. This is a new North
American record. Only other species is S. sycophanta Womersley, the genotype,
which infests Bermuda grass in Australia. (Cal. Coop. Rpt.).

AN EARTHWORM MITE (Fuscuropoda agitans) - NORTH CAROLINA - Heavy in earthworm

bed in Wayne County. Det. by D. A. Mount. (Lamm).

CORRECTIONS

CEIR 15(24):609 - FLEA BEETLES - NEVADA - Unspecified crops should read sugar beets.

CEIR 15(24):627 - LIGHT TRAP COLLECTIONS - WISCONSIN - Middleton Ostrina nubilalis
(European corn borer) should read O.

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STATUS OF THE SCREW-WORM (Cochliomyia hominivorax) IN THE SOUTHWEST

During the period June 6 - 12,
tion Area as follows by State and county:
Uvalde 1, Zavala 1, Frio 5, Medina 3, Comal l,
Pima 4, Santa Cruz 4, Greenlee 1, Yavapai 1,
Republic of Mexico reported 273 cases:
Leon 6, Tamaulipas 7, Baja California 3, Durango 51,

Mohave 1;

screw-worm flies released:

total of 42 cases reported in the Southwestern Eradica-
TEXAS - Maverick 4, Webb 2, Dimmit 4,

Irion 1; ARIZONA - Cochise 6, Graham 1,
NEW MEXICO - Grant 2.
Sonora 104, Chihuahua 27,

The
Coahuila 17, Nuevo

Sinaloa 3 (First cases from this
State), Veracruz 9, San Luis Potosi 17, Territory of Baja California Sur 29.
Texas 13,250,250, Arizona 7,578,400, New Mexico 2,381,600,

Sterile

the Republic of Mexico 89,060,000.

Positive Cases Negative Cases

Ratio of Positive Cases
to 100 Cases Negative

Year Current Cumulative Current Cumulative Current Cumulative
Table l. Comparison of specimens reported during corresponding weeks in 1963 and
1964 in Southwestern Eradication Area. (1965 area figures include cases
reported from Arizona and/or California; 1964 figures reflect those from
the 5-State area).
1963 138 1,485 177 3,628 77.96 40.93
1964 3 80 ILA) 3,535 Zoe 2.26
1965 42 165 146 2,648 28.76 6.23
Table 2. Comparison of specimens reported during corresponding weeks and in a
corresponding area in 1964 in the United States-Mexico Barrier Zone.*
1964 108 645 69 883 156.52 73.04
1965 194 te eis) 102 1,027 190.19 168.74
Table 2A. Mexican portion of Barrier Zone only.
1964 108 598 52 309 207.69 193.52
1965 164 1,588 65 553 253.30 287.16
* Barrier Zone - Area in which screw-worm eradication operations are being carried

out in an effort to prevent establishment of self-sustaining screw-worm population
(Anim. Dis.

in the United States.

Cwm

Erad. Div.).

Figures - Number of cases reported
in infested counties for
period June 6 - 12

SH — Limits of fly drop areas

umuumuurStrategic river releases

- 663 -

ADDITIONAL NOTES

MASSACHUSETTS - Two blacklight traps yielded 11 ARMYWORM (Pseudaletia unipuncta)
adults May 30-June 6 in southeastern area and 12 adults June 7-11. CRANBERRY
FRUITWORM (Acrobasis vaccinii) and CRANBERRY GIRDLER (Crambus topiarius) moths
emerged in considerable numbers during warm weather in southeastern area. A
CRANBERRY BLOSSOMWORM (Epiglaea apiata) and unspecified ARMYWORM larvae unusually
abundant on cranberry bogs this spring. (Tomilinson) .

CONNECTICUT - PLUM CURCULIO (Conotrachelus nenuphar) adults continue active in
New Haven; orchards with records of heavy damage should be watched. APPLE APHID
(Aphis pomi) varies considerably over State; no serious infestations. ROSY APPLE
APHID (Anuraphis rosea) persist in New Haven but not in other areas. Abundance
of EUROPEAN RED MITE (Panonychus ulmi) and TWO-SPOTTED SPIDER MITE (Tetranychus
telarius) varies; growers urged to check blocks. RED-BANDED LEAF ROLLER
(Argyrotaenia velutinana) larvae troublesome in some orchards. FRUIT-TREE LEAF
ROLLER (Archips argyrospilus) adults active in many orchards. Insects reported
in New Haven included few larvae of ORIENTAL FRUIT MOTH (Grapholitha molesta) on
peaches, WHITE APPLE LEAFHOPPER (Typhlocyba pomaria) numerous on apples (none
previous week) and MEALY PLUM APHID (Hyalopterus pruni) on plums. An unspecified
BARK BEETLE severely damaged apples and peaches in commercial orchard in Glastonbury,
(Savos).

MISSISSIPPI - SOUTHWESTERN CORN BORER (Zeadiatreae grandiosella) problem in many
fields; pupating in older corn; next larval generation should occur in fields
during next 2 weeks. Corn not tasseling should be watched. (Young, Bennett).

OKLAHOMA - PEA APHID (Acyrthosiphon pisum) continues to decrease; moderate in
alfalfa and vetch in Kingfisher and Murray Counties; ranged 2-55 per 10 sweeps in
alfalfa checked in Harper and Major Counties. SPOTTED ALFALFA APHID (Therioaphis
maculata) heavy locally in Texas County; controls applied to at least one field. —
TARNISHED PLANT BUG (Lygus lineolaris) heavy in alfalfa in Pawnee County; ranged
0-7 per 10 sweeps in Harper, Texas, Major and Garfield Counties. CORN LEAF APHID
(Rhopalosiphum maidis) moderate in grain sorghums in Pittsburg County. Several
species of GRASSHOPPERS ranged 6-25 per square yard on rangeland checked in Roger
Mills and Beckham Counties; Phlibostroma quadrimaculatum, Ageneotettix dorum,
Melanoplus bivittatus (two-striped grasshopper) and Aulocara elliotti dominant
species. Nymphs ranged 15-30 per square yard on 20,000 acres of weedy grassland
in north es Johnson County; M. bivittatus, M. ee (differential
grasshopper), M. sanguinipes (migratory grasshopper) , lakinus, Boopedon nubilum
and eee eras speciosus dominant species. Gpepecivied gress grasshoppers reported
heavy on rangeland and alfalfa in Murry County, moderate in Bryan, Cotton, Cleve-
land and Washington Counties; reported damaging field crops in Mayes County.
CLOVER LEAF WEEVIL (Hypera punctata) reported heavy in alfalfa in Hobart area,
Kiowa County. PECAN NUT CASEBEARER (Acrobasis caryae) heavy on pecans in Cotton
County and light to moderate in Murray, Kiowa and Washington Counties; eggs
hatched in most areas. A PECAN PHYLLOXERA (Phylloxera sp.) heavy on pecan trees
in Cleveland and Kiowa Counties. COLORADO POTATO BEETLE (Leptinotarsa
decemlineata) moderate on potatoes checked in Major County, noted on wild hosts
in Woods County. CORN EARWORM (Heliothis zea) heavy and damaging sweet corn in
Jackson County, all larval stages noted. GRASSHOPPERS moderate to heavy and
damaging garden crops in home gardens in Mayes, Cleveland and Bryan Counties.
BEAN LEAF BEETLE (Cerotoma trifurcata) light to moderate on beans in Cleveland
County home gardens. Moderate numbers of larvae of unspecified ARCTIID MOTHS
damaging garden crops in Roger Mills County. Several species of THRIPS average
8-10 per leaf on cotton in 4-leaf stage in Jackson County; Thrips tabaci (onion
thrips) dominant species. Unspecified thrips heavy on cotton in Pawnee County and
light in Major County. ELM LEAF BEETLE (Galerucella xanthomelaena) moderate in
Murray, Mayes, Ottawa and Kingfisher Counties, light in Hughes and Kiowa Counties.
Second-generation larvae appearing in Woodward County and first-generation adults
emerging in Payne County. BAGWORM (Thyridopteryx ephemeraeformis) heavy in Bryan
and Kiowa Counties, moderate in Cleveland County, light in Texas County. Unspeci-
fied APHIDS heavy on elms in Washita County, moderate to heavy on euonymus in

- 664 -

Cleveland County. Larvae of a SPHINX MOTH heavy in lawns in Douglas area,

Garfield County. ELM SAWFLY (Cimbex americana) larvae moderate and damaging elms
in Kingfisher County. HORN FLY (Haematobia irritans) heavy on cattle in Cotton,
Kiowa, Murray, Cleveland and Ottawa Counties; moderate in Mayes, Hughes and
Kingfisher Counties. TICKS range 10-50 per head on cattle in Coal, Atoka and
Pittsburg Counties; several replete females noted. Species involved: LONE STAR
TICK (Amblyomma americanum) BLACK-LEGGED TICK (Ixodes scapularis). Unspecified
ticks heavy on cattle and humans in Mayes County. HORSE FLIES (Tabanus spp.)

on cattle in Coal, Atoka and Pittsburg Counties as follows: T. lineola complex

2 per head; T. sulcifrons 1 per 10 head. STABLE FLY (Stomoxys calcitrans)

moderate to heavy on cattle and in barns in Kingfisher and Pawnee Counties.

HOUSE FLY (Musca domestica) averaged 45 per Scudder grid in untreated barns in
Stillwater area, Payne County; this is increase of 3 times over previous week.
MOSQUITOES (Aedes spp. and Psorophora spp.) numerous in many areas; A. nigromaculis
and P, ciliata collected in Noble County. CHIGGERS (Eutrombicula spp.) increasing
and annoying to humans in north central, northeast, east central and southeast
areas. CATTLE LICE remain heavy on cattle in Bryan County. FLEAS (Ctenocephalides
spp.) moderate on dogs and annoying to humans in Mayes County. A BROWN SPIDER
(Loxosceles reclusa) found in large numbers in homes in many areas of State.

(Okla. Coop. Sur.).

NEW MEXICO - THRIPS light to moderate and damaging cotton foliage near Deming,
Luna County; damage evident in several fields checked. (Campbell, Gomez).

NEVADA - THRIPS infestations spotted on cotton in Pahrump Valley, Nye County;
ranged light to heavy. (Cooney, Zoller).

IDAHO - ALFALFA WEEVIL (Hypera postica) larvae heavy and require control in
alfalfa in Canyon County. (Bechtolt, Scott, Waters). Cocoons of an ICHNEUMON
(Bathyplectes curculionis) noted in many H. "postica infested alfalfa fields in
Canyon County. (Bechtolt). PEA APHID ranged 5-10 per sweep in alfalfa in Canyon
County; noted in alfalfa in Bingham County. (Bechtolt, Bryan). Probably a MIRID
(Labops hesperus) severely damaging intermediate wheatgrass near Hill City.
(Alzola). CLOVER SEED WEEVIL (Miccotrogus picirostris) adults range 3-15 per
sweep in white clover seed fields at Bonners Ferry; high for present plant condi-
tions. LYGUS BUGS (Lygus spp.), mostly nymphs, average 2 per sweep in white
clover seed fields at Bonners Ferry. (Ingle). MEADOW SPITTLEBUG (Philaenus
spumarius) spittle masses increased threefold throughout Latah County. (Futter).
COLORADO POTATO BEETLE adults general in Bingham and Bonneville Counties; potato
plants not yet emerged. Feeding on volunteer potato plants at Blackfoot, active
in Twin Falls area. (Bryan, O'Leary, Kunkel, Youtz). Probably SPINACH LEAF
MINER (Pegomya hyoscyami) larvae average 4-5 per leaf on sugar beets at Parma.
(Scott). ONION MAGGOT (Hylemya antiqua) serious on seed-to-seed onion fields in
Canyon County. (Franklin). Sticky board trap near Twin Falls caught 4 BLACK
CHERRY FRUIT FLY (Rhagoletis fausta) adults June 3. (Youtz). OBLIQUE-BANDED
LEAF ROLLER (Archips roseaceanus) Larvae general on apple, lilac, ornamental
shrubs and raspberries in Twin Falls and untreated apple, blue ash, crabapple,
hawthorn and raspberries in Moscow. (Evans, Manis, Portman). SPRUCE NEEDLE
MINER (Taniva albolineana) adults gathering about blue spruce at Moscow June 7.
Ichneumons emerged from larvae collected earlier. (Portman). BLACK CARPET
BEETLE (Attagenus piceus) heavy in home attic at Bayview. (Stranahan). STRAW-
BERRY ROOT WEEVIL (Brachyrhinus ovatus) adults numerous in home at Ketchum,

Blaine County. (Eakins). SWALLOW BUG (Oeciacus vicarius) controls required in
home at Challis, Custer County. (Edwards). LADY BEETLE larvae and adults

general, average 2 per sweep in pea aphid infested alfalfa in Canyon County.
(Bechtolt).

ae Pa,
=FICIAL BUSINESS
SS

~ VOL.15 No, 26 June 25, 1965

> Vege o 0 2 erative
; ECONOMIC INSECT
REPORT

a »\ Issued by 2

~ PLANT PEST CONTROL DIVISION
AGRICULTURAL RESEARCH SERVICE

UNITED STATES DEPARTMENT OF AGRICULTURE

AGRICULTURAL RESEARCH SERVICE

PLANT PEST CONTROL DIVISION

SURVEY AND DETECTION OPERATIONS

The Cooperative Economic Insect Report is issued
weekly as a service to American Agriculture. Its contents
are compiled from information supplied by cooperating State,
Federal, and industrial entomologists and other agricultural
workers. In releasing this material the Division serves as
a clearing house and does rot assume responsibility for ac-
curacy of the material.

All correspondence pertaining to additions, dele-
tions and changes of addresses for the mailing
list for this report should be sent to:

Service Operations Division
Office of Plant and Operations
United States Department of Agriculture
Washington, D. C. 20250

Reports and inquiries pertaining to this release
should be mailed to:

Survey and Detection Operations
Plant Pest Control Division
Agricultural Research Service
United States Department of Agriculture
Federal Center Building
Hyattsville, Maryland 20781

Volume 15 June 25, 1965 Number 26
COOPERATIVE ECONOMIC INSECT REPORT

HIGHLIGHTS:

ALFALFA WEEVIL activity declining, although damage continues to be reported from
some areas. (p. 667). PEA APHID extremely heavy on alfalfa in Weld County,
Colorado, and increasing on alfalfa in Humboldt County, Nevada. Generally light
in most other areas reporting. (pp. 668, 669). Several PLANT BUGS continue of
concern on legumes in some areas, WESTERN BROWN STINK BUG building up on alfalfa
and sorghum in Arizona. Nymphal populations of MEADOW SPITTLEBUG and POTATO LEAF-
HOPPER high in areas of Wisconsin. (pp. 669, 670). Extent of ARMYWORM problems
in Michigan and Wisconsin will likely be determined by weather, especially during
next few weeks; localized outbreaks continue in grains in northern Indiana and
heavy numbers noted on barley in Maryland. (p. 670). EUROPEAN CORN BORER moth
emergence about complete in some areas with eggs and larvae being found in corn;
controls anticipated in some sections. (p. 671). CUTWORMS continue damaging to
corn and other crops; BLACK CUTWORM one of principal species involved. (p. 672).
growers in southern Iowa warned to inspect closely for these pests. (pp. 672,
673). GRASSHOPPERS damaging cropland areas in Arizona, moderate to heavy numbers
reported on rangeland in Oklahoma, and damage to several crops occurring in
Oklahoma and Texas. Grasshopper hatch slowed in all areas of South Dakota by
adverse weather, and populations low in northwest North Dakota and areas of
Minnesota. (pp. 674, 675).

PERIODICAL CICADAS (Magicicada spp.) severely damaged many fruit trees in some
areas of Ohio; adult populations declining but egg laying damage widespread.
PEACH TREE BORER infesting 60 percent of peach trees checked in Sandoval area of
New Mexico. (p. 677). BLUEBERRY BUD MITE abundant in blueberries in North
Carolina; heaviest in 10-12 years. WESTERN GRAPE LEAF SKELETONIZER found in
commercial vineyard in Queen Creek area, Arizona. (p. 678). CABBAGE MAGGOT
heavy and damaging crucifers in several areas. (pp. 680, 681). SPINACH LEAF
MINER heavy in sugar beets in Northwest. (p. 682). SOUTHERN GREEN STINK BUG
heavier than in several years on watermelon and beans in Alabama. (p. 683).

BOLL WEEVIL emergence reported heavy in South Carolina, Georgia and Alabama; first
weevils reported in high plains area of Texas. (pp. 684, 685). BOLLWORM activity
light in most areas; damaging cotton in many fields in Rio Grande Valley of Texas,
although most infestations light to moderate. BEET ARMYWORM continues abundant in
many fields of cotton in California; severe damage evident in many instances,

(p. 685). SPIDER MITES troublesome on cotton in areas of California. (p. 687).

JACK-PINE BUDWORM expected to cause heavy defoliation of pine in Huron National
Forest area of Michigan this year. SOUTHERN PINE BEETLE populations high in
epidemic area of Texas, damage increasing. (p. 688). ELM LEAF BEETLE continues
damaging. (pp. 689, 690). COTTONY MAPLE SCALE outbreak reported on soft maple
in Cleveland area, Ohio. (p. 692). MOSQUITOES annoying to man and livestock in
many areas and several FLY species annoying to livestock. (pp. 696, 697).

DETECTION

TOBACCO AND TOMATO CATERPILLAR (Spodoptera litura) adults collected on Pearl

and Hermes Reef, Hawaii, constitue a new record for the Western Hemisphere and
the United States, (p. 704). New State records were SMALLER EUROPEAN ELM BARK
BEETLE (Scolytus multistriatus) in Oregon and WESTERN TENT CATERPILLAR (Malacosona
pluviale) in Rhode Island, (p. 690); a NOCTUID MOTH (Phlegetonia delatrix) in
Hawaii, (p. 704). New county records include: ALFALFA WEEVIL (Hypera postica) in
Sullivan, Belknap and Strafford Counties, New Hampshire, and Walla Walla County,
Washington, (p. 667); CLOVER SEED WEEVIL (Miccotrogus picirostris) in Boone
County and Tychius stephensi (a weevil) in Carroli County, Illinois, (p. 667);
CEREAL LEAF BEETLE (Qulema melanopa) in Osceola, Bay, Oakland and Wayne Counties,
Michigan, (p. 673); Brood V of PERIODICAL CICADAS (Magicicada spp.) in Morrow

—- 666 -

County, Ohio, (p. 677); HOLLYHOCK WEEVIL (Apion longirostre) in Stanislaus,
Mariposa and Calaveras Counties, California, (p. 695); an ANTHOCORID BUG
(Montandoniella moraguesi) and a THRIPS (Kurtomathrips morrilli) in Maui County,
Hawaii, (p. 703); a BOMBYLIID FLY (Anthrax distigma) in Hawaii County, Hawaii,
(p. 704).

SPECIAL REPORTS
Status of the Screw-worm in the Southwest. (p. 702).

Hawaiian Insect Notes. (pp. 703, 704).

Reports in this issue are for week ending June 18, unless otherwise indicated.

2 2 2 ee 2 iC 2 2 ai 2 2 2c 2c 2c 2c ak ak

WEATHER OF THE WEEK ENDING JUNE 21

HIGHLIGHTS: (1) Cool over most of Nation. (2) Continued dry Northeast; frequent
rains most other areas. (3) Severe flooding along South Platte and upper Arkansas
Rivers.

TEMPERATURE: A huge high pressure area pushed southward over the eastern half of
the Nation. This brought near freezing temperatures to some northern locations on
one or two mornings. Many stations in the Gulf States registered temperatures

in the 50's on Saturday and Sunday mornings. Afternoon temperatures reached the
60's and 70's on most days in the North and the 80's and 90's across the Southland
from the southwestern deserts to the Atlantic Ocean. Afternoon temperatures
reached the mid-80's over the central Great Plains and portions of the Lakes region
Saturday and over the Northeast on Sunday. Albany, New York, registered 90°
Sunday afternoon. Temperatures averaged slightly above normal over North Dakota,
nearby portions of Montana and South Dakota, and over the lower Rio Grande Valley
and below normal over the rest of the Nation. Temperatures averaged from 6° to
10° cooler than normal from Idaho to the lower Colorado River Valley and from 6°
to 13° cooler than normal from Missouri eastward to the Atlantic Ocean

PRECIPITATION: Frequent rains fell over the Northwest during the early part of
the week. Cheyenne, Wyoming, received measurable rain on 11 consecutive days
from June 7 to 17. Showers fell over most of Florida on several days and the
southern Atlantic Coastal States received from 2 to 5 inches of rain during the
week, Little rain of consequence fell over the Ohio River Valley and a moderate
drought situation is developing over much of Ohio. Rainfall over Pennsylvania
averaged one-third of normal and the drought continued in New Jersey. Showers in
New England produced amounts generally less than 0.25 inch. Locally heavy rains
in Colorado from the 14th to 17th caused severe flooding along the South Platte
and Arkansas Rivers. (Summary supplied by U.S. Weather Bureau).

WEATHER BUREAU'S 30-DAY OUTLOOK

See page 679

- 667 -

CEREAL AND FORAGE INSECTS

ALFALFA WEEVIL (Hypera postica) - WASHINGTON - Full-grown larvae recovered from
alfalfa at Walla Walla, Walla Walla County. This is a new county record.
(Johansen, June 11). IDAHO - Larvae causing minor to heavy damage to alfalfa in
vicinities of Culdesac, Lenore and Lapwai. Most alfalfa in Nez Perce County
infested with fields showing minor to heavy damage. Heavily damaged fields being
cut early for hay so that stubble can be treated. (Kambitch). Larvae heavy in
some Canyon County fields; most hay fields cut. (Bechtolt). UTAH - Controls
required on much alfalfa in Salt Lake, Millard, Weber and Utah Counties June 14;
much acreage cut, with control to follow as stubble spray. Damage conspicuous

in number of fields at Jensen and some damage noted elsewhere in Uintah and
Duchesne Counties; less damage noted in Summit County areas. Storms hampered
cutting and spray operations. Adults numerous in most Summit County area alfalfa;
often 5-12 per 10 sweeps. (Knowlton). NEW MEXICO - Adults ranged 3-5 per 25
sweeps in alfalfa near Sandoval, Sandoval County. (Heninger). COLORADO - Larval
parasitism by Bathyplectes curculionis (an ichneumon) ranged 20-50 percent in
alfalfa checked in Weld and Larimer Counties. (Simpson). H. postica larvae
ranged 10-40 per 100 sweeps in alfalfa in Weld County; 300-600 per 100 sweeps
reported in some fields. Parasites and predators active in Weld and Larimer
Counties, but not in sufficient numbers to exert control. (Jenkins). WYOMING -
Activity retarded in alfalfa in western counties. Counts per 100 sweeps by
county, as follows: Uinta, 130 adults, no larvae; Lincoln, 105 adults, 10 larvae;
Teton, 85 adults, no larvae; Sublette, 95 adults, no larvae; Sweetwater, 65
adults, no larvae. Larval damage ranged very light to moderate on alfalfa in
Fremont County; adults averaged 175 and larvae ranged 175-220 per 100 sweeps.
(Marks). SOUTH DAKOTA - Heavy in alfalfa in western area; damage apparent on
unharvested fields. (Walstrom).

ARKANSAS - None observed during past 2 weeks in east and northeast areas. Weevils
have evidently moved from alfalfa. (Ark. Ins. Sur.). INDIANA - Adults and larvae
generally light on alfalfa throughout southern third of State; heavy in field near
Corydon, Harrison County. (Chandler, Saugstad). DELAWARE - Larvae remain
numerous in untreated fields in New Castle and Kent Counties. (Burbutis, Woodall).
NEW YORK - Continues damaging in southern counties, Hudson Valley and parts of
central section. Heavy losses where controls not used. Moderately heavy in
Clymer and Findley Lake areas, Chautauqua County. Continued serious on unsprayed
first cutting and some regrowth in Ulster County. Problem declining as pupation
continues. (N.Y, Wkly. Rpt., June 14). VERMONT - Populations mushroomed during
week; damage severe to some stands. All instars and few adults present.

Averaging over 20 per sweep in areas of Bennington and Rutland Counties.
(MacCollom, June 14). NEW HAMPSHIRE - Reported for first time from Sullivan,
Belknap and Strafford Counties. (Sutherland, June 15).

CLOVER LEAF WEEVIL (Hypera punctata) - INDIANA - Adults averaged 2 per square
foot in alfalfa in Floyd and Harrison Counties. (Chandler). Averaged 1 adult
per 10 sweeps in northeast and northwest areas. (Huber, White).

SWEETCLOVER WEEVIL (Sitona cylindricollis) - UTAH - Heavily damaging sweetclover
foliage in Roosevelt-Arcadia area of Duchesne County. (Knowlton) .

CLOVER ROOT CURCULIO (Sitona hispidula) - INDIANA - Adults extremely abundant
in litter of alfalfa fields throughout Floyd and Harrison Counties. (Chandler).

WEEVILS - ILLINOIS - Miccotrogus picirostris (clover seed weevil) averaged 20

per 100 sweeps in clover-alfalfa mixture in Boone County. This is a new county
record. Tychius stephensi averaged 60 per 100 sweeps in clover-alfalfa mixture
in Boone County and 140 per 100 sweeps in field of red clover in Carroll County.
Carroll County is a new record for T. stephensi. (Ill. Ins. Rpt.). UTAH -
Larvae, apparently a species of weevil, damaging red clover at Altamont, Duchesne
County; larvae chiefly beneath sheaths at bases of leaf petioles. (Knowlton).

- 668 -

BLISTER BEETLES - ALABAMA - Extremely large numbers of Epicauta sp. damaging 150
acres of soybeans near Cecil, Montgomery County. Controls gave excellent results.
Extremely large numbers of adults reported feeding on Bermuda grass and annual
native grasses east of Montgomery on shoulders and median strips of new highways
and bypasses; ground literally covered with beetles in some instances. (Nelson,
Benton et al.). OKLAHOMA - Appearing in alfalfa in northeast and north central
areas. Epicauta conferta noted in Rogers and Craig Counties, E. immaculata in
Rogers, Mayes and Osage Counties, E. occidentalis and Epicauta sp. in Craig
County. (Okla. Coop. Sur.). INDIANA - In alfalfa, E. fabricii (ash-gray blister
beetle) common in south central and E. pestifera (margined blister beetle) common
in northwest. (Chandler, Huber). ILLINOIS - E. pennsylvanica (black blister
beetle) averaged 10 per 100 sweeps in field of alfalfa in Morgan County. (Ill.
Ins. Rpt.). MINNESOTA - Unspecified species damaged alfalfa and soybeans in
Benton County. (Minn. Ins. Rpt.). NORTH DAKOTA - Some buildup in numbers of

E. fabricii in alfalfa evident in southeast; ranged up to 1 per sweep. Ranged
I-2 per plant on roadside vetch near Zap, Mercer County. (Frye, Thomasson).

BEAN LEAF BEETLE (Cerotoma trifurcata) - IOWA - Averaged 1 per 3 feet of row in
soybeans in Dallas and Guthrie Counties June 11; approximately 1 percent of leaves
showed damage. Beans generally past stage where feeding is serious. (Iowa Ins.
Inf., June 14).

A FLEA BEETLE (Systena taeniata) - INDIANA - Adults abundant in alfalfa in Floyd
and Harrison Counties. (Chandler). Adults very light in northeast and northwest
areas; average 1-2 per 10 sweeps. (Huber, White).

MEXICAN BEAN BEETLE (Epilachna varivestis) - DELAWARE - First adults of season
present on soybeans in western Kent County. (Burbutis, Woodall).

GREEN CLOVERWORM (Plathypena scabra) - DELAWARE - Larvae common on alfalfa and
clover in Kent County. (Burbutis, Woodall). ARKANSAS - Numbers very low; ranged
zero to few per 100 sweeps in alfalfa and soybeans in eastern area. (Ark. Ins.
Sur.) .

VARIEGATED CUTWORM (Peridroma saucia) - NEBRASKA - Damaging alfalfa in Platte and
Lancaster Counties. (Rhine) .

ALFALFA LOOPER (Autographa californica) - IDAHO - Averaged 1 per sweep in alfalfa
in several Canyon County fields. (Bechtolt).

ALFALFA CATERPILLAR (Colias eurytheme) - NEW MEXICO - Adults appearing in alfalfa
in Eddy and Chaves Counties. Occasional larva collected in fields checked.
(Kloepfer, Nielsen).

WEBWORMS (Loxostege spp.) - MISSOURI - L. similalis (garden webworm) averaged
less than 5 per 100 sweeps in alfalfa in northeast and north central districts;
adults common in many fields. (Houser et al.). NEBRASKA - L. commixtalis
(alfalfa webworm) light in alfalfa in Platte County. (Rhine). NEW MEXICO -
Adults of Loxostege sp. abundant in alfalfa in Eddy County. (Kloepfer, Nielsen).

PEA APHID (Acyrthosiphon pisum) - WASHINGTON - All stages present on seed and
forage alfalfa; cut alfalfa ranged 8-14 inches high, uncut alfalfa 26-30 inches
high. Counts per 100 sweeps as follows: Mabton, Yakima County, 25; Pasco,
Benton County, 132 (5-10 percent alates); Walla Walla County, 773 (15-100 percent
alates) in cut field, 55-6,500 in uncut field. (Halfhill, June 11). NEVADA -
Ranged 300-400 per sweep in seed alfalfa in Denio, Humboldt County; infestations
increasing. Treatments applied. (Lundahl). Varied 2-30 per sweep in Moapa and
Virgin Valleys, Clark County; counts highest in Moapa Valley. (Cooney).

COLORADO - Extremely heavy on alfalfa in Weld County; collections ranged one pint
to one quart of aphids per 100 sweeps. Parasites and predators active in Weld
and Larimer Counties, but not in sufficient numbers to exert control. (Jenkins).
WYOMING - Small numbers found on alfalfa in western areas. Adults and nymphs per
100 sweeps by county, as follows: Uinta 185-220, Lincoln 230-300, Teton 160-190,

- 669 -

Sublette 210-260, Sweetwater 150-185. Nymphs increasing slightly in Fremont
County alfalfa; ranged 350-600 adults and nymphs per 100 sweeps. (Marks). ~ NEW
MEXICO - Light in alfalfa at Sandoval, Sandoval County. (Heninger). Light,
spotted infestations found in alfalfa in Eddy County. (Kloepfer, Nielsen).
OKLAHOMA - Ranged 100-250 per 100 sweeps in alfalfa checked in Tulsa, Rogers and
Osage Counties; light (2-35 per 10 sweeps) in Mayes, Nowata, Craig, Harmon,

Cotton and Payne Counties. (Okla. Coop. Sur.). ARKANSAS - Numbers continued to
decline as expected; low in most alfalfa. (Ark. Ins. Sur.). INDIANA — Common

but generally light on alfalfa throughout State; ranged 3-8 per 10 sweeps.

(Huber, Saugstad, White). ° ILLINOIS - Very light in clover and alfalfa in northern
and western areas. (Ill. Ins. Rpt.). WISCONSIN - Continues very low in alfalfa.
(Wis. Ins. Sur.). MINNESOTA - Counts per 100 sweeps in alfalfa by district
averaged as follows: Southwest 209, south central 162, west central 120, central
593, east central 250, northwest 150, Predators generally low. (Minn. Ins. Rpt.).

SPOTTED ALFALFA APHID (Therioaphis maculata) - NEW MEXICO - Light to very light

in alfalfa checked near Sandoval, Sandoval County. (Heninger). OKLAHOMA -
Averaged 105 per 10 sweeps in alfalfa checked in Tulsa County; ranged 0-12 per

10 sweeps in other northeast counties and in Osage and Payne Counties; 25 per 10
sweeps reported in Cotton County alfalfa. (Okla. Coop. Sur.). ARKANSAS - Surveys
negative in east central area. (Ark. Ins. Sur.). WISCONSIN - Winged forms
continue to produce; highest number found in alfalfa, 6 per sweep. Winged forms
present in ratio of 1 to 1 in many fields, even where populations scarce. (Wis.
Ins. Sur.). SOUTH DAKOTA - Observed on alfalfa near Wagner, Charles Mix County,
and near Canistota, McCook County. (Jones).

YELLOW CLOVER APHID (Therioaphis trifolii) - ILLINOIS - Averaged 30 per 100 sweeps
in clover-alfalfa mixture in Boone County. Gelie eins oRpit~)s

PLANT BUGS - ARIZONA - Adelphocoris superbus (superb plant bug) light but general
in alfalfa in Graham County. Ariz. Coop. Sur.). OKLAHOMA - Lygus lineolaris
(tarnished plant bug) increasing in alfalfa in northeastern and north central
counties; ranged 5-14 per 10 sweeps. Averaged 6 per 10 sweeps in Harmon County
alfalfa. (Okla. Coop. Sur.). ARKANSAS - L. lineolaris numbers continued high in
alfalfa; counts averaged more than 100 per 100 sweeps of 15-inch net. (Ark. Ins.
Sur.). INDIANA - A. lineolatus (alfalfa plant bug) and L. lineolaris continue
common in alfalfa throughout State. Counts ranged from 3 per 5 sweeps to 4 per
sweep; counts highest in first-growth fields in northern third of State. (Huber,
White). MINNESOTA - Nymphs of A. lineolatus and A. rapidus (rapid plant bug)
numerous in alfalfa in all districts; ranged 24-218 per 100 sweeps. (Minn. Ins.
Rpt.). SOUTH DAKOTA - Nymphs and adults of A. lineolatus averaged 280 per 100
sweeps in alfalfa in McCook County. (Jones).

LYGUS BUGS (Lygus spp.) - NEVADA - Averaged 6-8 adults and nymphs per sweep in
seed alfalfa in Denio, Humboldt County. Infestations increasing. (Lundahl).

Low populations encountered in Moapa and Virgin Valleys, Clark County, under poor
sampling conditions. (Cooney). ARIZONA - Populations increasing in alfalfa
throughout southern half of State. Heavy populations found in seed alfalfa in
Graham County. (Ariz. Coop. Sur.). NEW MEXICO - Adults and nymphs ranged 7-10
per 25 sweeps in fields checked in Bernalillo and Sandoval Counties, (Heninger) .
WYOMING - Adults and nymphs light in western counties; counts in alfalfa in Uinta,
Lincoln, Teton, Sublette and Sweetwater Counties ranged 40-65 per 100 sweeps.
Averaged 110 per 100 sweeps in Fremont County alfalfa. (Marks).

WESTERN BROWN STINK BUG (Euschistus impictiventris) - ARIZONA - Light to medium
populations building up on alfalfa and sorghum in Yuma County. (Ariz. Coop. Sur.).

MEADOW SPITTLEBUG (Philaenus spumarius) - WISCONSIN - Nymphs reaching full growth
in southern counties. Reports and observations indicate scattered, high popula-
tions in Dane, Sauk, Juneau, Walworth, Racine and Grant Counties. (Wis. Ins.
Sur.). ILLINOIS - Adults abundant in northern part of State. Gils AinsseRpc.)
INDIANA - Adults very abundant in alfalfa and in grains adjacent to recently cut
alfalfa in northeast and northwest sections; ranged 2-10 per sweep in alfalfa and

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from 3 per 5 sweeps to 8 per sweep in wheat in some locations. Ranged 40-80 per
sweep in field of alfalfa in Lagrange County; alfalfa 3 feet high and in full
bloom. (Huber, White). NEW YORK - First adult found near Cayuga June 11. Nymphs
exceeded 100 per square foot in field of alfalfa; caused extensive damage. (N.Y.
Wkly. Rpt.).

POTATO LEAFHOPPER (Empoasca fabae) - WISCONSIN - Nymphs nearing full growth; very
abundant in few areas of State. Averaged more than 30 nymphs per sweep in alfaifa
in few southern area fields, although counts quite low in southwestern counties.
Adults averaged 1 per sweep in Bayfield and Ashland Counties. (Wis. Ins. Sur.).
MINNESOTA - Populations per 100 sweeps of alfalfa by district, averaged as
follows: Southeast 26, south central 12, central 110, east central 95, west
central and northwest districts showed trace. (Minn. Ins. Rpt.). MISSOURI -
Adults and nymphs averaged 100 per 100 sweeps in northeast and 250 per 100 sweeps
in southern portion of north central district in alfalfa. (Houser et al.).
ILLINOIS - Averaged 25 per sweep in alfalfa in Morgan County field. Gikieinse
Rpt.). INDIANA - Adults and nymphs increasing in alfalfa throughout State;
ranged 2-5 per sweep. (Huber, Saugstad, White). MARYLAND - Light to June 18

but beginning to increase on alfalfa in all sections. (U. Md., Ent. Dept.).
DELAWARE - Common to abundant in alfalfa, clover and soybeans in Kent County and
on soybeans in Sussex County. (Burbutis, Woodall).

THREE-CORNERED ALFALFA HOPPER (Spissistilus festinus) - NEW MEXICO - Averaged
1-2 adults per 25 sweeps in Eddy County alfalfa. (N.M. Coop. Rpt.).

A BLACK- FLEAHOPPER (Spanogonicus albofasciatus) - ARIZONA - Heavy populations
found in alfalfa and sorghums in Yuma and Maricopa Counties; ranged 175-300 per
100 sweeps. (Ariz. Coop. Sur.).

THRIPS - NEW JERSEY - Observed on soybeans at many locations; may cause consider-
able damage if dry weather continues. (Ins.-Dis. Newsltr.). MARYLAND - Continued
to cause conspicuous but minor injury to young corn and soybeans in eastern and
southern sections. (U. Md., Ent. Dept.). GEORGIA - Moderate to heavy through-
out peanut-growing area. (Morgan). OKLAHOMA - Frankliniella spp. moderate and
damaging peanuts checked in Tulsa County. (Okla. Coop. Sur.).

BROWN WHEAT MITE (Petrobia latens) - SOUTH DAKOTA - Adults present in large
numbers in 2 fields of alfalfa sampled; over 5,000 per 100 sweeps. One field
south of Hot Springs, Fall River County, and other field west of Oglala,
Shannon County. (Jones, May 7). Originally carried in CEIR 15(20) :475, as
CLOVER MITE (Bryobia praetiosa), tentative determination. (PPC).

ARMYWORM (Pseudaletia unipuncta) - WISCONSIN - Due to cool nighttime temperatures,
blacklight trap collections may not be reliable indicators of potentials for this
pest. Larvae damaging corn; stages vary, and in some instances, injury will
continue for next few weeks. Main threat lies in buildup of local populations
and, in conjuction with migrant populations, can endanger grain and other crops
in future weeks. An estimated 6 percent of corn injured by half-grown larvae in
western Walworth County; second-stage larvae damaging scattered fields in Iowa
and Grant Counties. Moth flight nearly subsided in southernmost areas, but
increasing further north. (Wis. Ins. Sur.). MICHIGAN - Controls recently applied
to 2,300 acres in St. Joseph County; applications also made in Berrien, Cass and
Van Buren Counties. Local infestations reported in Allegan and Ottawa Counties.
Survey of 11 infested fields in St. Joseph County showed some parasitism by
Winthemia quadripustulata (a tachina fly); parasitism ranged 0-8 percent in
fields checked June 10. All larval stages of P. unipuncta currently found in
field populations. Weather factors, especially during next 2 weeks, will likely
determine extent of problems. If large percentage of small larvae reach full
growth without adverse effects of parasites and disease, major field problems
could persist. (Guyer et al.). ILLINOIS - Nearly full-grown larvae feeding in 2
percent of whorls of corn in field in northwest area; small numbers also noted in
oats in northern area. (Ill. Ins. Rpt.). INDIANA - Localized outbreaks continue
to be reported on grains in some northern counties. (Lehker). MARYLAND - Heavy
numbers observed in barley being harvested in Frederick County. (U. Md., Ent. Dept).

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YELLOW-STRIPED ARMYWORM (Prodenia ornithogalli) - ILLINOIS - Observed feeding in
whorls of occasional corn plant in western and northwestern areas. (I11. Ins.
Rpt.). DELAWARE - First larvae of season observed on alfalfa in Kent County.
(Burbutis, Woodall).

ARMYWORMS - IOWA - Moved from rank weed-brome areas into corn after stripping
weeds and grasses. (Iowa Ins. Inf., June 14). NEW YORK - In commercial sod
fields in Aquebogue, Mattituck and south fork areas of Suffolk County, June 8.
(N.Y. Wkly. Rpt.).

EUROPEAN CORN BORER (Ostrinia nubilalis) - NORTH DAKOTA - Pupation 30 percent at
Cayuga, Sargent County, and 25 percent at Fargo, Cass County. (Frye, Thomasson).
MINNESOTA - First moth emergence noted in southeast, south central, central and
southwest districts; pupation underway in southeast and central districts. It
appears that corn generally will be too short for successful O. nubilalis infesta-
tion. Egg laying may be heavily concentrated in more advanced corn; Oviposition
will probably occur also on other hosts. (Minn. Ins. Rpt.). WISCONSIN - Egg
masses averaged 12 per 100 plants in Brodhead area; corn 40 inches extended
height. Few egg masses in blackhead stage; averaged 4 per 100 plants on corn 36
inches extended height near Mazomanie, (Wis. Ins. Sur.). IOWA - First hatch
noted June 7 in Boone County; egg masses averaged 8 per 100 plants June 10 and
11; pupation 100 percent and emergence 44 percent June 11. Corn in study area,
38 inches extended height. Egg masses ranged 56-95 per 100 plants June 11 in
southwest area on tall corn. (Iowa Ins. Inf., June 14). MISSOURI —- Adult
emergence appears complete and egg deposition nearing peak in northern third of
State. Leaf feeding damage observed on 5-35 plants per 100 in northeast and
north central districts and 45-80 plants per 100 in northwest district. Egg
masses ranged 25-30 per 100 corn plants along Mississippi River in northeast and
less than 10 per 100 plants elsewhere in northeast and in north central districts.
Pupation underway in Pemiscot County. (Keaster). ILLINOIS - All overwintered
borers pupated and moth emergence 98 percent June 16 in Whiteside County.
Pupation 98 percent and moth emergence 90 percent June 15 in Ogle County; one
larva parasitized by hymenopterous larvae and would die before pupation; approxi-
mately one-third of larvae in 2 fields in county killed by undetermined hymen-
opterous parasites. In northern part of State, 45 percent of egg masses hatched;
however, wind causing egg masses and small larvae to drop from plants, therefore,
very little whorl feeding observed. (Ill. Ins. Rpt.). INDIANA - First and second
instars (mostly first) infesting corn in Floyd and Harrison Counties; ranged 2-4
larvae per stalk in fields examined. (Chandler, Saugstad). MICHIGAN - Foliage
damage by first-stage larvae noted on few scattered corn plants in Calhoun County
June 15. Blacklight trap catches indicate general adult flights throughout Lower
Peninsula. (Newman).

NORTH CAROLINA - Feeding on corn leaves very noticeable in 4-acre field in Rowan
County; 96 percent of plants infested with 2-5 small larvae per infested plant.
This unusual infestation for area, Also found feeding on corn leaves at Ruther-
fordton, Rutherford County; extent of infestation not reported. (Mount).
Probably this species damaging sweet corn in Yadkin County garden. Det. by D. A.
Mount. (Hartzog). MARYLAND - Whorl infestations of 5-15 percent common in more
advanced field corn in all sections. (U. Md., Ent. Dept.). DELAWARE - Young
larvae common in early corn in Sussex County; abundant in sweet corn in southwest
part of county. (Burbutis, Woodall). NEW YORK - Hatching detected June 2 in
Hudson Valley when early corn was in midwhorl stage. Larvae infested emerging
tassels 1-20 percent. Infestations generally extremely light and localized;
treatment justified in some areas. Expect substantial hatching and need for
protection until June 20-25 in southern counties of valley. MEYe OWE Ly A Rpitia,
June 14). VERMONT - Activity anticipated next week. (MacCollom, June 14).

CORN EARWORM (Heliothis zea) - OKLAHOMA - Light to moderate in corn checked in
Mayes, Nowata and Delaware Counties; larvae mostly late stages and feeding on
tassels or in terminals. Moderate to heavy in commercial sweet corn in Tulsa
County and in home gardens in Kay and Kiowa Counties. (Okla. Coop. Sur.).
ARKANSAS - Numbers very low in alfalfa in eastern area; predaceous insects very

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numerous and probably very influential in holding down populations of economic
pests. (Ark. Ins. Sur.). INDIANA - First adults of season taken in blacklight
traps in Vanderburgh, Dubois and Sullivan Counties. (Everly, Huber). MARYLAND -
Light whorl infestations noted in field corn in Dorchester and Worcester Counties.
(U. Md., Ent. Dept.). DELAWARE - Adults averaged 3-4 per night in Sussex County
blacklight trap; larvae common in early planted corn in southwest part of county.
(Burbutis, Woodall).

STALK BORER (Papaipema nebris) - SOUTH DAKOTA - Observed on corn near edge of
field in Hutchinson County. (Jones). MINNESOTA - Appearing in marginal rows of
corn in southeast and south central districts. (Minn. Ins. Rpt.). IOWA - Causing
white heads in brome throughout western half of State. (Iowa Ins. Inf., June 14).

BLACK CUTWORM (Agrotis ipsilon) - WISCONSIN - Blacklight trap collections not
reliable indicators of potential for this pest due to cool nighttime temperatures;
scattered reports and observations indicate larvae damaging corn; larval stages
vary and, in some instances, damage will continue for next few weeks. Reports
indicate larvae damaging in scattered fields in Crawford, Columbia, Buffalo,
Marquette, Fond du Lac, Iowa and Waukesha Counties, although infestations light
in most instances. Larvae range 0.75-1.5 inches in length and damaging corn
below meristem of plant 2-3 inches below soil level. Those observed also most
prevalent where quackgrass cultivated under. (Wis. Ins. Sur.). MINNESOTA -
Probably this species reported on corn in south central and southeast districts.
(Minn, Ins. Rpt.). NEBRASKA - Damaging corn in portions of Pierce County.
(Rhine). CALIFORNIA - Medium larval populations damaging field corn in Hanford,
Kings County. (Cal. Coop. Rpt.).

CUTWORMS - VERMONT - Damaging corn and legumes in many locations. (MacCollom,
June 14). NEW YORK - Several species continue to damage corn, alfalfa and
grasses in many areas. Pupation underway; corn can be safely replanted.
Severely damaged corn in field at Caledonia, Livingston County. (N.Y. Wkly.
Rpt., June 14). OHIO - Activity continues; infestation of field corn reported
in Ottawa County. (Ruff). Blacklight trap collections at Reynoldsburg, Licking
County, yielded 18 adults of Lacinipolia renigera (bristly cutworm) and 2 adults
of Agrotis ipsilon (black cutworm) June 10-16. (Spilker). At Hilliard, Franklin
County, 15 L. renigera adults taken June 12. (Rose). MICHIGAN - Larvae,
probably of Crymodes devastator (glassy cutworm) and Agrotis ipsilon (black
cutworm) , responsible for many reports of damage to corn in many areas of Lower
Peninsula counties. (Guyer et al.). MISSOURI - Larvae of several species
destroying corn in Schuyler County. (Houser et al.). SOUTH DAKOTA - Damaging
numbers have not been reported in corn. Single larval specimens, probably
Agrotis ipsilon (black cutworm), taken in fields of corn in southeast counties.
Jones). UTAH - Damage necessitated replanting 10 acres of corn near Vernal,
Uintah County. Cutworm damage common in Uintah and Duchesne County home gardens.
(Knowlton) .

SOUTHWESTERN CORN BORER (Zeadiatraea grandiosella) - ALABAMA - Full-grown larvae
heavy and widespread on corn prior to tasselling in Fayette County; approximately
15 percent of stalks damaged. (Pitts).

CORN ROOT WEBWORM (Crambus caliginosellus) - MARYLAND - Severely injured field
corn following sod near Port Republic, Calvert County. (U. Md., Ent. Dept.).

LESSER CORNSTALK BORER (Elasmopalus lignosellus) - ALABAMA - Considerable larval
infestation observed throughout 80-acre field of corn in Escambia County.
(Lemons, Daniel).

WESTERN CORN ROOTWORM (Diabrotica virgifera) - SOUTH DAKOTA - Eggs hatching.
First-stage larvae observed June 14 and 15 in fields in southeast and east central
areas near Beresford (Lincoln County), Lesterville (Yankton County), Tabor (Bon
Homme County), Lake Andes (Charles Mix County), Armour (Douglas County) and
Canistota (McCook County). (Jones). IOWA - Third-stage larva collected June 11
in Page County. Growers in southern 4 tiers of counties should inspect closely

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for this pest. (Iowa Ins. Inf., June 14). MISSOURI - First, second and third-
stage larvae found in Atchison County. Infestations light to heavy. (Houser
et al.).

SOUTHERN CORN ROOTWORM (Diabrotica undecimpunctata howardi) - NEVADA - Adults
ranged 1-10 per sweep in alfalfa in Virgin Valley, Clark County. (Cooney).
MICHIGAN - Adult feeding noted recently in some fields in St. Joseph and Monroe
Counties. (Elliot).

CORN ROOTWORMS (Diabrotica spp.) - NEBRASKA - Young larvae found in corn in
Saunders County. (Weekman) .

CORN FLEA BEETLE (Chaetocnema pulicaria) - INDIANA - Heavy on corn in some
localized areas of Washington County; averaged 6 adults per plant. (Chandler).
Generally, corn has outgrown flea beetle injury; populations at subeconomic
levels throughout State. (Huber) .

CEREAL LEAF BEETLE (Oulema melanopa) - MICHIGAN - First emergence of summer
adults occurred June 14 in Berrien County research plots; however, small percent-
age of field population currently in adult stage. Approximately 5 percent of
field population, including "old" overwintered beetles, in adult stage. Over 80
percent of population in oats and 99 percent in wheat in pupal stage. Very few
eggs and larvae present. Peak adult emergence expected about June 21 in wheat
and about June 28 in oats. Summer adults will be quite active in late June and
late July. Some migration to succulent corn plants expected in areas where
sizeable populations present; little damage, confined to outer rows, will likely.
occur in such fields. Surveys near perifery of quarantine line showed newly in
infested counties outside quarantine area as follows: Osceola, Bay, Oakland

and Wayne. Extent of spread in 1965 has been less than in 1964 to June 18.
(Gomulinski, Ring, Lovitt). INDIANA - Some heavy oviposition still occurring in
oats in La Porte County. Pupation nearly complete in wheat and generally well
advanced in oats in La Porte and St. Joseph Counties. First new adults of season
emerged June 14. (Wilson). Infestations light in New Paris area (Elkhart
County) and Milford area (Kosciusko County). (White).

ROSE CHAFER (Macrodactylus subspinosus) - INDIANA - Adults causing heavy,
localized damage to corn in Noble, Pulaski and Elkhart Counties. (Lehker) .

JAPANESE BEETLE (Popillia japonica) - SOUTH CAROLINA - Present in corn plots 8
miles north of Easley, Pickens County. No damage reported. (Nettles et al.
June 15).

A CERAMBYCID BEETLE (Tetraopes tetrophthalmus) - MICHIGAN - Adult injury to corn
occurred in Washtenaw County field where most milkweed plants were cut. (Johnson).

WIREWORMS - MISSOURI - Larvae destroying 20-90 percent of corn plants in 1 to
2-acre spots in several fields in Lancaster and Queen City areas, Schuyler County.
As many as 12 larvae found on one corn plant. (Houser et al.). NORTH CAROLINA -
Melanotus communis reduced stand of corn on 1.5 acres in 15-acre field in Rowan
County; infestation spotty with light to moderate reduction. Also caused some
damage in very small field of corn in county. Damage first observed 2-3 weeks
previously. (Mount).

BILLBUGS - NEW YORK - Damaged 2 fields of corn in Livingston County. @aye
Wkly. Rpt., June 14).

CORN LEAF APHID (Rhopalosiphum maidis) - COLORADO - Ranged 1-5 per barley plant
in some fields in Johnston, Weld County, and in Berthoud and Longmont. (Urano,
Cox). OKLAHOMA - Reported heavy on grain sorghum in McIntosh County. Light to
moderate on corn in Mayes, Nowata and Ottawa Counties. (Okla. Coop. Sur.).
INDIANA - Apterous adults and nymphs very light on 20 percent of corn examined
in Floyd and Harrison Counties. (Saugstad).

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CORN ROOT APHID (Anuraphis maidiradicis) - INDIANA - Ranged 2-25 per root system
in corn examined in Floyd and Harrison Counties; 40 percent of plants infested.
(Saugstad). SOUTH DAKOTA - Low numbers of apterous females and nymphs general
on corn in southeast counties. (Jones).

ENGLISH GRAIN APHID (Macrosiphum avenae) - UTAH - Numerous in some Davis County
wheat and moderate in Millard County grain examined June 14. (Knowlton).
MINNESOTA - Counts low in all districts. (Minn. Ins. Rpt.). WISCONSIN - Very
little change noted in populations; oats heading out in southern counties.

(Wis. Ins. Sur.).

GREENBUG (Schizaphis graminum) - COLORADO - Averaged 20 per barley plant in some
fields in Johnstown, Weld County, and in Berthoud and Longmont. (Cox, Urano).
MINNESOTA - Counts low in all districts. (Minn. Ins. Rpt.). WISCONSIN - Very
little change in populations noted; oats heading out in southern counties. Less
than 1 per sweep observed in northeast as far north as Oconto and Shawano
Counties. (Wis. Ins. Sur.).

CHINCH BUG (Blissus leucopterus) - OKLAHOMA - Light to moderate in corn and grain
sorghum checked in northeast area; light to moderate in grain sorghum in Bryan
County. (Okla. Coop. Sur.). NEW JERSEY - Damage to turf reported in Morris and
Union Counties, probably caused by this species. (Ins.-Dis. Newsltr.). NEW YORK -
Hatch noted in Nassau County. (N.Y. Wkly. Rpt., June 14). CONNECTICUT - Probably
this species, hatched in more southern parts of State. (Savos).

SOUTHERN GREEN STINK BUG (Nezara viridula) - ALABAMA - Adults medium on field corn
in Baldwin County; considerable number of egg masses also noted. Infestations
heavy and widespread on foliage of corn over much of Mobile County; much heavier
than in most years. (Seibels et al.).

SIX-SPOTTED LEAFHOPPER (Macrosteles fascifrons) - MINNESOTA - Generally low in
small grain and alfalfa; occasional field of oats may have counts as high as 120
per 100 sweeps. (Minn. Ins. Rpt.). NORTH DAKOTA - Ranged 1-5 per 10 sweeps in
small grain in southeast area and zero to trace in small grains in northwest.
(Frye, Thomasson).

PAINTED LEAFHOPPER (Endria inimica) - NORTH DAKOTA - Trace numbers observed on
barley near Enderlin, Ransom County. (Frye, Thomasson).

WHEAT STEM MAGGOT (Meromyza americana) - MINNESOTA - White heads appearing in rye
in central district; averaged less than one percent. (Minn, Ins. Rpt.).
NEBRASKA - Light damage to wheat apparent in portions of Harlan County. (Staples).

CORN BLOTCH LEAF MINER (Agromyza parvicornis) - MISSOURI - In northeast district,
1-5 percent of corn plants infested with 1-2 maggots per plant. In one field

of 18-inch corn in Clark County, 100 percent of plants infested. Lower 1-2
leaves contained 1-5 larvae per leaf. (Houser et al.). DELAWARE - First larvae
of season observed in corn in Kent County. (Burbutis, Woodall).

SORGHUM MIDGE (Contarinia sorghicola) - TEXAS - Populations locally damaging on
grain sorghum in Falls County; chemical controls applied. (Randolph).

BULB MITE (Rhizoglyphus echinopus) - CALIFORNIA - Medium on sprouting corn seeds
in Hanford, Kings County. (Cal. Coop. Rpt.).

SLUGS - OHIO - Reported infesting field corn near Norwalk, Huron County. (Wells).

GRASSHOPPERS - ARIZONA - Melanoplus spp. damaging cropland in areas of Navajo
County on Navajo Indiana Reservation; ranged 50-75 per square yard in many
fields. Controls anticipated. Heavy infestation in alfalfa also found in
Aravaipa Canyon in Graham County. (Ariz. Coop. Sur.). UTAH - Large hatch
occurred in foothill areas of Salt Lake, Utah and parts of Weber Counties
June 14; in some localities, 1 percent of Aulocara elliotti winged, with few

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winged forms of Trimeritropus spp. and other species noted. Hatching observed

in Summit, Wasatch and Duchesne Counties; moderate numbers of first instars

noted in Uintah County. Controls applied about number of home gardens at Duchesne,
Duchesne County. (Knowlton). IDAHO - Nymphs of unspecified species mostly third
instar and feeding on roadside grasses in Nez Perce County area. Infestations
spotted and damage minor. (Dailey). TEXAS - Grasshoppers reported damaging wide
variety of cultivated crops and pastures over wide area of State. (Texas Coop.
Rpt.). OKLAHOMA - Several species, mostly Melanoplus bivittatus (two-striped
grasshopper) averaged 105 per 10 sweeps in alfalfa in Craig County and 25 per

10 sweeps in alfalfa in Chouteau area, Mayes County. Damage to alfalfa reported
in Bryan, Murray and Jackson Counties. Grasshoppers moderate to heavy on range-
land in Murray, Craig and Muskogee Counties, light to moderate in Cleveland and
Stephens Counties. Some spraying reported in Muskogee County. Grasshoppers
damaging corn in Nowata County and soybeans in Craig County; reported heavy on
rangeland and on several crops in Mayes and Ottawa Counties. (Okla. Coop. Sur.).
SOUTH DAKOTA - Cool, wet weather slowed grasshopper hatch in all areas; increase
slow in most areas, with no damaging populations present at this time. (Jones) .
NORTH DAKOTA - Grasshopper numbers very small in cropland in northwest quarter of
State. Counts per square yard ranged zero to trace in margins and in fields.

M. bivittatus and M. sanguinipes (migratory grasshopper) dominant species; some
in second instar. Infestations observed in alfalfa near Hickson, Cass County;
20-30 nymphs per square yard in windrows. M. bivittatus dominant species.
Grasshoppers moving to adjacent field of wheat. (Frye, Thomasson). MINNESOTA -
Second and third stage nymphs of M. bivittatus low in east central, central,
southeast, south central and southwest districts; eggs mostly hatched. Eggs of
M. differentialis (differential grasshopper) segmented to fully formed; some
hatch noted in southwest and south central districts. Low counts of M. bivittatus
and M. differentialis expected as M. femurrubrum (red-legged grasshopper)
predominates in State. Eggs of M. femurrubrum nearly all segmented; some hatch
has occurred on south slopes. Alfalfa now being cut and will increase egg
development. Epicauta fabricii (ash-gray blister beetle) appearing in southern
half of State; larvae predaceous on grasshopper eggs. (Minn. Ins. Rpt.).
WISCONSIN - Little change in development noted since report in CEIR 15 (25) :639,
although first adult M. sanguinipes found near Mazomanie. (Wis. Ins. Sur.).

IOWA - Two adults of M. sanguinipes and fourth-stage nymphs of M. differentialis
observed June 11 at Thurman, Fremont County. (Iowa Ins. Inf., June 14).

ILLINOIS - Melanoplus sp. varied 0-80 per 100 sweeps in roadside grass and clover
in northern part of State and averaged 10 per sweep in field of alfalfa in Morgan
County. (Ill. Ins. Rpt.). MISSOURI - Grasshoppers noneconomic in northeast and
north central districts; averaged less than 10 per square yard in margins and
less than 3 per square yard in crops and pastures. (Houser et al.).

MORMON CRICKET (Anabrus simplex) - IDAHO - Infestation on 600-1,000 acres found
June 11 about 10 miles east of Midvale, Washington County. Averaged 2 adults
per square yard; ranged up to 6 per square yard at some locations. Sea gulls
observed feeding in cricket-infested area. (PPC).

SOD WEBWORMS - NEW YORK - Activity increasing in Monroe County. (N.Y. Wkly. Rpt.,
June 14). NEW JERSEY - Adults active in central counties. (Ins.-Dis. Newsltr.).
OHIO - Large numbers of Crambus spp. adults continue to be taken in blacklight

traps in Licking, Wayne and Franklin Counties. (Spilker, Rings, Rose). WISCONSIN -
Observations indicate unusually high sod webworm populations in corn in parts of
Dane and Columbia Counties. (Wis. Ins. Sur.).

GRASS BUGS - UTAH - Black and green species causing light damage to planted
range grasses in portions of Duchesne, Uintah and Morgan Counties; damage more
serious on Cedar Mountain in Iron County; 50 acres of intermediate wheatgrass
considerably damaged in Morgan County. (Knowlton, Harrison) .

SPITTLEBUGS - GEORGIA - Total of 6,609 adults taken in Tift County light trap,
compared with 2,284 week ending June 11. (Beck) .

A BARLEY THRIPS (Limothrips denticornis) - NORTH DAKOTA - Ranged 1-2 per
inflorescence on brome at Kindred, Cass County. (Frye, Thomasson) .

- 676 -

FRUIT INSECTS

CODLING MOTH (Carpocapsa pomonella) - VERMONT - Emergence started but no entries
found on unsprayed fruit as of June 11. This will be major apple pest for next
few weeks. (MacCollom). NEW YORK - Activity slowed by cool temperatures. Adult
emergence 43 percent in cages at Highland, Emergence in cages at Geneva began
May 12; was heavy week of June 7. Active in Dutchess and Orleans Counties;
larvae entering fruit in Ulster County June 8; strong emergence in Monroe County,
egg observed but no hatching; first larvae entered fruit by June ll. Steady
emergence in cage in Niagara County. (N.Y. Wkly. Rpt.). MARYLAND - Larvae
light, continue to enter unsprayed apples in Hancock area, Washington County.

(U. Md., Ent. Dept.). MICHIGAN - Adult emergence and activity reduced by cool
evenings; more "stings" showing on unsprayed trees. (Gilmore, Pshea). MISSOURI -
Activity declined greatly; end of first brood wear. Larvae in apples in central
section about three-fourths grown. New entries noted occasionally. Second brood
expected about July 1. (Wkly. Rpt. Fr. Grs., June 16). OREGON - Adults caught
in bait traps at Medford, Jackson County, April 27; first entry holes in apples
noted June 4, first adults in bait traps in Umatilla County May 9. (Burkhart,
Berry) .

RED-BANDED LEAF ROLLER (Argyrotaenia velutinana) - NEW YORK - Larvae found in
Cortland variety apples in Clinton County June 9. (N.Y. Wkly. Rpt.).

BAGWORM (Thyridopteryx ephemeraeformis) - ALABAMA - Completely defoliated 2 ten-
year-old apple trees on lawn in Selma, Dallas County. (Holstrun et al.).

FOREST TENT CATERPILLAR (Malacosoma disstria) - UTAH - Infesting apple trees in
Jensen area, Uintah County, and fruit trees at Logan and elsewhere in Logan
County and in parts of Utah, Salt Lake, Davis and Weber Counties. (Knowlton).

CUTWORMS - VERMONT - Continue to attack young trees in nurseries and orchards.
(MacCollom, June 14).

WHITE APPLE LEAFHOPPER (Typhlocyba pomaria) - NEW YORK - Nymphs found in unsprayed
orchard at Peru, Clinton County. (N.Y. Wkly. Rpt., June 14).

ROSY APPLE APHID (Anuraphis rosea) - MARYLAND - Declining, but caused extensive
damage in some unsprayed apple orchards in Hancock area, Washington County.
(U. Md., Ent. Dept.).

WOOLLY APPLE APHID (Eriosoma lanigerum) - NEW MEXICO - Light to moderate on apple
trees in orchards near Sandoval and Corrales, Sandoval and Bernalillo Counties.
(Heninger).

TWO-SPOTTED SPIDER MITE (Tetranychus telarius) - NEW HAMPSHIRE - Active on

dandelion and trunk suckers of apple trees at Hampton, (Sutherland). VERMONT -
Found in some locations. (MacCollom, June 14). NEW YORK - Considerable numbers

on ground cover in apple orchards in Clinton County, some on sucker growth and

limbs near trunks June 4. (N.Y. Wkly. Rpt.). MISSOURI - Again building up slowly
in southeast and parts of central section. Inspections urged; control will probably
again be primary concern in near future. (Wkly. Rpt., Fr. Grs., June 16).

EUROPEAN RED MITE (Panonychus ulmi) - VERMONT - Found in some locations.
(MacCollom, June 14). NEW YORK - Numbers. remain low in Orleans County. Summer
eggs hatching in eastern section May 31. (N.Y. Wkly. Rpt., June 14). MARYLAND -
Increasing in some apple orchards in Hancock area, Washington County. (U. Md.,
Ent. Dept.). OHIO - Bronzing noted on apple trees in orchard at Walnut Creek,
Holmes County. (Forsythe). MISSOURI - Remains moderate to light in most orchards.
Little buildup expected if cool weather holds. (Wkly. Rpt., Fr. Grs., June 16).

\
A FRUIT-TREE MITE (Bryobia rubrioculus) - NEW HAMPSHIRE - Eggs and adults heavy;
bronzing lower leaves in abandoned apple orchard at East Kingston. (Sutherland).

- 677 -

SOFT SCALES (Lecanium spp.) - MICHIGAN - Hatching of L. corni (European fruit-
lecanium) and L. fletcheri (Fletcher scale) eggs anticipated on infested fruit
trees in Ingham County in about 2 weeks. (Dowdy).

SAN JOSE SCALE (Aspidiotus perniciosus) - OREGON - Still in egg stage on apples
and pears in Jackson County June Il. (Berry).

PEAR-SLUG (Caliroa cerasi) - MARYLAND - Heavy in pear orchard in Allegany County.
(U. Md., Ent. Dept.). :

PERIODICAL CICADAS (Magicicada spp.) - OHIO - Adult populations declining in
southeastern section where egg laying damage was widespread except in Gallia
County and most of Lawrence County, which are out of Brood V emergence zone.
Severe damage on many fruits including apple, pear, peach, cherry and grape in
some areas. Flagging on forest trees common in most of southeast. Brood V
cicadas collected for first time in Morrow County. (Rings, Rose, Forsythe).

PEACH TREE BORER (Sanninoidea exitiosa) - NEW MEXICO - Infested approximately 60
percent of peach trees checked in Sandoval area, Sandoval County. Many trees
severely damaged or killed. (Heninger). MISSOURI - Controls should be applied
soon. (Wkly. Rpt. Fr. Grs., June 16).

PEACH TWIG BORER (Anarsia lineatella) - ARIZONA - Infestation noted on apricot
tree in Phoenix, Maricopa County. GrizeCoopeasun is

ORIENTAL FRUIT MOTH (Grapholitha molesta) - COLORADO - Increasing numbers of
adults caught in bait traps near peaches in Palisade area, Mesa County. Peak of
second-brood adult emergence expected soon. (Anderson, Bulla).

GREEN PEACH APHID (Myzus persicae) - NEW MEXICO - Heavy and curled peach foliage
in orchards in Corrales and Sandoval areas in Bernalillo and Sandoval Counties.
(Heninger).

BLACK CHERRY APHID (Myzus cerasi) - UTAH - Curling cherry leaves near Fort
Duchesne, Uintah County. (Knowlton). CONNECTICUT - Very heavy in cherry in
Peacedale, Washington County. Many parasitized. (Mathewson, Sorensen).

CHERRY FRUIT FLIES (Rhagoletis spp.) - NEW YORK - Emerging slowly, hard to find
in Orleans County. R. fausta (black cherry fruit fly) only species emerging in
Monroe County. (N.Y. Wkly. Rpt., June 14). OREGON - First adult of R. cingulata
indifferens noted in field emergence cages May 24 in Jackson County, May

May 22 in Marion County and May 26 in Umatilla County. (Berry, Rasmussen,
Burkhart).

PLUM CURCULIO (Conotrachelus nenuphar) - VERMONT - Activity about over, some
egg-laying expected during warm weather. (MacCollom, June 14). CONNECTICUT -
Damaging cherries at Waterbury. (Savos). NEW YORK - Especially damaging in home
fruit trees in Westchester County. Still laying eggs in unprotected fruit in
Ulster County. Considerable egg laying in unsprayed orchard near Peru, Clinton
County. (N.Y, Wkly. Rpt., June 14). OHIO - Fully-grown larvae beginning to
emerge from dropped plums at Wooster, Wayne County. (Forsythe).

EASTERN TENT CATERPILLAR (Malacosoma americanum) - MINNESOTA - On plum and cherry
in Minneapolis-St. Paul area, (Minn, Ins. Rpt.).

MEALY PLUM APHID (Hyalopterus pruni) - MINNESOTA - Extremely heavy on plum in
Minneapolis-St. Paul. (Minn. Ins.Rpt.). UTAH - Abundant on some plum trees in
Holladay area, Salt Lake County. (Knowlton, June 15).

A WEB-SPINNING SAWFLY - MINNESOTA - Noted on plum in Minneapolis-St Paul area.
(Minn. Ins. Rpt.).

- 678 -

A PLANT BUG (Pilophorus clavatus) - CALIFORNIA - Nymphs medium on Prunus sp.
in Morgan Hill area, Santa Clara County. (Cal. Coop. Rpt.).

KATYDIDS (Microcentrum spp.) - ARIZONA - Medium and damaging citrus trees in Pinal
and Maricopa Counties. (Ariz. Coop. Sur.).

CITRUS THRIPS (Scirtothrips citri) - ARIZONA - Damage to new growth still notice-
able on citrus trees in Yuma and Maricopa Counties. (Ariz. Coop. Sur.) .

YUMA SPIDER MITE (Eotetranychus yumensis) - ARIZONA - Heavy, scattered infesta-
tions required control in areas of Yuma County. (Ariz. Coop. Sur.).

Citrus Insect Situation in Florida - Mid-June - CITRUS RUST MITE (Phyllocoptruta
oleivora) infested 31 percent of groves (norm 49 percent); 23 percent economic
(orm 28 percent). Will continue below average. Upward trend now underway will
persist until summer peak about mid-July. Infestation will be similar on leaves
and fruit. Some heavy infestations will occur in all districts. Highest dis-
tricts west and central. TEXAS CITRUS MITE (Eutetranychus banksi) infested 73
percent of groves (norm 66 percent); 50 percent economic (norm 45 percent).

Has reached summer peak near record high level, will soon decline, Highest
districts south, central, west and north. CITRUS RED MITE (Panonychus citri)
infested 58 percent of groves (norm 74 percent); 28 percent economic (norm 52
percent). Approaching summer peak but much below average abundance, Very few
heavy infestations expected. Highest districts north and west, GLOVER SCALE
(Lepidosaphes gloverii) infested 90 percent of groves, 39 percent economic,
Continues at record high, little change expected. Highest districts south,
central, east and north, PURPLE SCALE (Lepidosaphes beckii) infested 84 percent
of groves, 17 percent economic, Normal population, slight increase expected.
Highest districts south and central. CHAFF SCALE (Parlatoria pergandii) infested
80 percent of groves, 25 percent economic. Above normal, slight increase
expected. Highest districts east, central and south. BLACK SCALE (Saissetia
oleae) infested 75 percent of groves, 50 percent economic, Above normal, further
increase expected, Highest districts east, south, central and west. Majority of
scales in small stage and not easily detected, YELLOW SCALE (Aonidiella citrina)
infested 72 percent of groves, 18 percent economic. Above average, slight
increase expected with a few heavy infestations. Highest districts central and
south, MEALYBUGS infested 83 percent of groves, 27 percent economic, Near
normal summer level, slight decrease expected in July. WHITEFLIES infested 68
percent of groves, 27 percent economic, Near normal summer level, slight decrease
expected in July. (W. A. Simanton (Citrus Expt. Sta., Lake Alfred)).

BLUEBERRY BUD MITE (Aceria vaccinii) - NORTH CAROLINA - Unusually abundant on
blueberries this year. Heaviest in 10-12 years with considerable reduction of
yield reported in Pender County. (Jones).

BLUEBERRY MAGGOT (Rhagoletis mendax) - NEW JERSEY - First adults observed in
wild and cultivated blueberry fields in Hammonton area June 16, (Ins.-Dis.
Newsltr.).

AN APHID (Aphis sp.) - UTAH - Curling apical leaves of black currant at Altonah,
Unitah County. (Knowlton).

LEAF ROLLER MOTHS - UTAH - Injury to black currant foliage moderate at Vernal,
Uintah County, and Fillmore, Millard County. (Knowlton).

WESTERN GRAPE LEAF SKELETONIZER (Harrisina brillians) - ARIZONA - Found in
commercial vineyard in Queen Creek area. Continues heavy on backyard plantings.
(Ariz. Coop. Sur.).

A CECIDOMYIID MIDGE - RHODE ISLAND - Galls heavy on grape leaves in planting in
Warren, Providence County. (Mathewson).

- 679 -

BLACK PECAN APHID (Melanocallis caryaefoliae) - CALIFORNIA - Adults medium on
pecan leaves in Ivanhoe, Tulare County. (Cal. Coop. Rpt.).

BLACK-MARGINED APHID (Monellia costalis) - ARIZONA - Heavy and damaging pecan
trees and nearby ornamentals in Safford area, Graham County. (Ariz. Coop. Sur.).

PHYLLOXERAS - CONNECTICUT - Galls defacing walnut leaves in nursery in Newport,
Newport County. (Kerr). SOUTH CAROLINA - Forming galls on pecan leaves in
Fairfield County. (Boggs, June 15).

AN ERIOPHYID MITE (Eriophyes sp.) - NORTH CAROLINA - Severely rolling leaves of
pecan in Edgecombe County. Det. by D. A. Mount, (Scott).

PECAN NUT CASEBEARER (Acrobasis caryae) - NEW MEXICO - Survey shows spread to
pecan trees in most areas of Carlsbad, Eddy County. No damaged nuts found in
other parts of county. (Gomez, Garcia).

A PHYCITID MOTH (Acrobasis caryivorella) - NEW MEXICO - Larvae spotted, mostly
on young trees, in nursery stock in pecan orchards at Seven Rivers, Eddy County.
(N.M, Coop. Rpt.).

WALNUT CATERPILLAR (Datana integerrima) - GEORGIA - Light to heavy on pecans
throughout south section, (French) .

WEATHER BUREAU'S 30-DAY OUTLOOK

MID-JUNE TO MID-JULY

The Weather Bureau's 30-day outlook for mid-June to mid-July calls for tempera-
tures to average above seasonal normals in the eastern half of the Plains region
and in the Mississippi Valley, but below normal averages are anticipated for the
eastern quarter of the Nation as well as in the Southwest. Elsewhere, near
normal temperatures are in prospect. Rainfall is expected to exceed normal along
northeastern coastal regions extending from New Jersey through New England,
thereby alleviating to some extent the long-standing dryness. Above normal
rainfall is also called for over the western Plains and eastern portions of the
Intermountain Region. Subnormal amounts are anticipated from the upper and middle
Mississippi Valley eastward to the Appalachians and also over the far southwest.
In unspecified areas near normal totals are anticipated.

Weather forecast given here is based on the official 30-day "Resume and Outlook"
published twice a month by the Weather Bureau, You can subscribe through the
Superintendent of Documents, Washington, D. C. 20250. Price $5.00 a year.

- 680 -

TRUCK CROP INSECTS

COLORADO POTATO BEETLE (Leptinotarsa decemlineata) - NEW HAMPSHIRE - Adults

active in Kensington June 6; eggs on potato plants at Durham June 8, (Sutherland).
NEW YORK - Hatching continued in potato fields in Suffolk County. (N. Y. Wkly.
Rpt., June 14). NEW JERSEY - Continues a problem on potatoes, tomatoes and
eggplant. (Ins.-Dis. Newsltr.). OKLAHOMA — Heavy on potatoes in Payne County;
moderate in Mayes County. (Okla. Coop. Sur.). OREGON - Adults feeding on
volunteer potato plants in Umatilla and Malheur Counties. (Goeden).

THREE- LINED POTATO BEETLE (Lema trilineata) —- NEW HAMPSHIRE - Adults active on
potato plants at Durham, June 8. (Sutherland).

POTATO FLEA BEETLE (Epitrix cucumeris) - WISCONSIN - Severely damaged garden
potatoes in Dane County. (Wis. Ins. Sur.)..

TUBER FLEA BEETLE (Epitrix tuberis) - COLORADO - Ranged 4-10 per 100 sweeps
on potatoes in early district of Weld County. (Jenkins).

POTATO BEETLES — NEW YORK - Feeding actively on tomatoes in Orleans County.
(N. Y. Wkly. Rpt., June 14).

SIX-SPOTTED LEAFHOPPER (Marcrosteles fascifrons) - COLORADO - Trace numbers,
1-4 per 100 sweeps, in potatoes in Weld County. (Jenkins).

POTATO PSYLLID (Paratrioza cockerelli) - COLORADO - Adults ranged 2-12 per
100 sweeps and nymphs 0-3 per leaf in most fields in Gilcrest and Platteville
areas, Weld County. (Jenkins).

APHIDS - COLORADO - GREEN PEACH APHID (Myzus persicae), POTATO APHID
(Macrosiphum euphorbiae) and PEA APHID (Acyrthosiphon pisum) winged forms
moving into early potato fields in Gilcrest and Platteville areas, Weld
County, averaging 10-30 per 100 sweeps. (Jenkins).

Aphids on Potatoes in Maine - Spring migration of Myzus persicae in central
Aroostook County on Canada plum (Prunus nigra) and alder-leaved buckthorn
(Rhamnus alnifolia) began June 12, about 4=5 days later than in 1964 and

about one week later than usual. Spring migration of BUCKTHORN APHID (Aphis
nasturtii) began by or before June 15; survey in northeastern part of State
June 11-12 showed M. persicae more abundant than usual in Canada plum, the
primary host, along eastern side of agricultural district of central Aroostook
County especially in vicinity of Caribou and Presque Isle. Survey in November
1964 revealed overwintering eggs of A. nasturtii spotty on alder-leaved

buckthorn, the primary host, in northeastern area of State. (Shands).

HORNWORMS (Protoparce spp.) - MARYLAND - Small larvae light on tomatoes in
Worchester County. (U. Md., Ent. Dept.). OKLAHOMA —- P. sexta (tobacco
hornworm) active and damaging tomatoes in gardens in Tulsa and Mayes Counties.
(Okla. Coop. Sur.).

LOOPERS - GEORGIA —- Moderate on tomatoes and peppers in home gardens in Tift
County. (French).

SUCKFLY (Cyrtopeltis notatus) - TEXAS - Heavy locally and damaging tomatoes in
Presidio County. Neeb) ©

CABBAGE MAGGOT (Hylemya brassicae) - VERMONT - Damage unusually heavy in
Burlington area; eliminated many crucifer plantings. (MacCollom, June 14).

NEW YORK - Numerous in Niagara County; causing considerable damage in untreated
seedbeds in Orleans County. (N. Y. Wkly. Rpt., June 14).

- 681 -

NEW JERSEY - None found on 3 sticky board traps at Cedarville. (Ins.-—Dis.Newsltr.).
OHIO - Caused up to 70 percent loss of cabbage in some fields in Huron County.
(Sleesman). INDIANA — Loss of 25 percent in early cabbage stand and serious
radish and turnip losses in commercial plantings in Howard County. (Gould).

See etat - Damage to radishes heavy in Pescadero, San Mateo County. (Cal. Coop.
Rpt.

CABBAGE ROOT MAGGOTS - NEW YORK — Severe in early set cabbage in Ontario County.
(N. Y. Wkly. Rpt., June 14).

IMPORTED CABBAGEWORM (Pieris rapae) - MARYLAND - Heavy on large planting of
cabbage near Centreville, Queen Annes County. (U. Md., Ent. Dept.). GEORGIA -
Heavy on collards in Cook County. (Morgan). OHIO - Larvae feeding on unsprayed
cabbage near Marietta, Washington County; larvae 0.5 to over 1 inch in length.
Insignificant damage to treated cabbage. (Rose). OKLAHOMA - Causing heavy
damage to cabbage in home garden in Mayes County. (Okla. Coop. Sur.)

SLUGS - OHIO = Undetermined species damaging cabbage for past 2 years near
Marietta, Washington County. (Brooks).

WESTERN FLOWER THRIPS (Frankliniella occidentalis) - CALIFORNIA - Adults medium
in tomato fields and heavy on mustard in Otay, San Diego County. (Cal. Coop.
Rpt.).

A FLEA BEETLE (Phyllotreta lewisii) - COLORADO - Adults causing heavy damage to
mustard fields in northeastern part of State and adjacent areas. Replants
necessary in some instances. (Daniels, Thatcher).

MEXICAN BEAN BEETLE (Epilachna varivestis) - MARYLAND - Increasing generally
on garden beans at several places on Eastern Shore, (U. Md., Ent. Dept.).
GEORGIA - Heavy on beans in Tattnall and Tift Counties, light in Spalding
County. (Shaw et al.). MICHIGAN - High winter survival of adults considered
eee al for early infestation of field beans in southern Montcalm County.
Crosby) .

COWPEA CURCULIO (Chalcodermus aeneus) - GEORGIA - Heavy on cowpeas in Tift
County. (French).

PEA WEEVIL (Bruchus pisorum) - IDAHO - Heavy and general in 80 acre field of
peas 8 miles east of Nez Perce, (Dailey).

POTATO LEAFHOPPER (Empoasca fabae) - MARYLAND - Building up on garden beans
in Queen Annes County. (U. Md., Ent. Dept.). DELAWARE - Continues to increase
on snap and lima beans in most areas. (Burbutis). WISCONSIN - Adults and
nymphs averaged 1 per linear foot of row in lima beans in Rock County. Adults
scarce in potato fields in Waushara and Waupaca Counties. (Wis. Ins. Sur.).

PEA APHID (Acyrthosiphon pisum) - WISCONSIN - Continues very low in peas,
Highest count was 10 per sweep in early planting in Rock County. Many fields
less than 1 per 10 sweeps. (Wis. Ins. Sur.)

BEAN APHID (Aphis fabae) - DELAWARE - First nymphs of season present on lima
beans in area of Sussex County. (Burbutis).

CABBAGE LOOPER (Trichoplusia ni) - DELAWARE - First larvae of season on lima
beans in southwest Sussex County. (Burbutis).

- 682 -

THRIPS - MARYLAND - Heavy on beans and onions in Queen Annes County. (U. Md.,
Ent. Dept.). GEORGIA = Numerous with no apparent damage on lima bean foliage
in Spalding County. (Dupree). NEW MEXICO - Moderate on onions in fields checked
in Corrales and Sandoval area, Bernalillo and Sandoval Counties. (Heninger).

SPIDER MITES (Tetranychus spp.) - OKLAHOMA - Heavy on beans in Kay County and
damaging several garden crops in Murray County. (Okla. Coop. Sur.).

ONION MAGGOT (Hylemya antigua) - MICHIGAN - Larvae caused approximately 25
percent loss in field in Allegan County. (Guyer). NEW JERSEY - Sticky board
traps at Cedarville caught 24 adults on 6 boards. (Ins.—Dis. Newsltr.).

ONION THRIPS (Thrips tabaci) - NEW YORK - Active in Orange County for last few
weeks on onions for seed; now active on seed and set onions, (N. Y. Wkly. Rpt.,
June 14).

GARDEN WEBWORM (Loxostege similalis) - INDIANA - Larvae heavily attacking onions
in an area of Clay County. (Lehker).

BEET LEAFHOPPER (Circulifer tenellus) - COLORADO - Light, averaging 0.2=-0.4 per
square foot, in Mesa, Montrose and Delta Counties, (Bulla).

BLISTER BEETLES —- MICHIGAN - Adults caused chewing injury to field of young
sugar beets in Huron County. (Warschefsky).

SPINACH LEAF MINER (Pegomya hyoscyami) - IDAHO - Heavy in some areas of Canyon
County, some beet fields show one or more leaves infested on 50=75 percent of
plants. Lighter in other areas. (Bechtolt). OREGON - Infesting sugar beets
near Corvallis, Benton County. (Capizzi). WASHINGTON - Second brood adults
and eggs present in larger than usual numbers on sugar beets at Toppenish,
Yakima County. (Landis, June 11),

A LEAF MINER FLY (Pegomya sp.) - NEW HAMPSHIRE - On spinach and chard at
Dunbarton. (Conklin).

SQUASH BUG (Anasa tristis) - DELAWARE - First adults of season on squash in
area of Sussex County. (Burbutis). OKLAHOMA — Averaging 25 per plant on
squash in Washita County. Averaged 3 per plant and eggs numerous on squash
in Tulsa County. (Okla. Coop. Sur.).

SQUASH VINE BORER (Melittia cucurbitae) - DELAWARE - First adult of season on
Squash in southwest Sussex County. (Burbutis). MISSOURI - Adults taken on
squash vines in Columbia, Boone County, June 12, (Wkly. Rpt. Fr. Grs.).

SQUASH BEETLE (Epilachna borealis) - CONNECTICUT - Adults appearing in garden
in Peace Dale, Washington County. (Sorenson, Mathewson).

STRIPED CUCUMBER BEETLE (Acalynima vittatum) - DELAWARE - Ranged from present
to fairly common on cantaloups and Squash and present on watermelons in
Sussex County. (Burbutis).

SOUTHERN MOLE CRICKET (Scapteriscus acletus) - ALABAMA — Damaging commercial
watermelon plantings in Russell County. Controls underway. (Woods, Hagler).

CARROT WEEVIL (Listronotus oregonensis) - OHIO - Damaging celery near Celeryville,

Huron County. (Sleesman).

- 683 -

SWEETPOTATO FLEA BEETLE (Chaetocnema confinis) - MARYLAND - Averaged over 3 per
plant on newly set sweetpotatoes near Salisbury, Wicomico County. (U. Md., Ent.
Dept.).

BLACK CUTWORM (Agrotis ipsilon) - IOWA - Feeding on ripe strawberries at Marion.
(Iowa Ins. Inf., June 14).

A LEAF ROLLER MOTH (Choristoneura obsoletana) - SOUTH DAKOTA - Damaging straw=
berry patch in Watertown area. (Jones).

STRAWBERRY LEAF ROLLER (Ancylis comptana fragariae) - IDAHO - Heavy in a home
garden in Wilder area, Bechtolt) .

OMNIVOROUS LEAF TIER (Cnephasia longana) - WASHINGTON - Larvae rolling leaves
of strawberries; light damage in Vancouver, Clark County, and heavy in Whatcom
County. (Shanks, Eide, June 11).

TARNISHED PLANT BUG (Lygus lineolaris) - VERMONT - Exceptionally abundant on
strawberries and raspberries. (MacCollom, June 14).

STALK BORER (Papaipema nebris) - WASHINGTON ~— One larva taken from raspberry
cane between Puyallup and Tacoma, Pierce County. Det. by E. P. Breakey.
(Dodge, June 11).

RASPBERRY CANE MAGGOT (Pegomya rubivora) - CONNECTICUT - Reported from Lakeville.
(Johnson) . :

CUTWORMS - VERMONT - Causing extensive damage to crops statewide. (MacCollon,
June 14). CONNECTICUT - Still attacking wide variety of food and ornamental
plants. (Savos). NEW YORK - Active in vegetables on muckland and upland farms
in Orange County. Light in Livingston County and only one case in Genesee
County. Heavy in some fields in Erie County with losses from 10-50 percent on

2 farms. Continue to damage sugar beets in many areas. (N. Y. Wkly. Rpt.,

June 14). MICHIGAN - Crymodes devastator (glassy cutworm) and Agrotis ipsilon
(black cutworm) larvae, probably these species, damaging sugar beets and tomatoes
in many counties on Lower Peninsula. (Guyer, et al.). WISCONSIN - Various
species damaging garden crops in scattered locations. (Wis. Ins. Sur.). UTAH -
Killed 7 acres of young sugar beets at Garland, Boxelder County. (Finch,
Knowlton) .

LEAFHOPPERS - NEW YORK - Unusually active in lettuce and carrots in Orange
County; controls necessary to reduce virus yellows. Very heavy on snap beans

in Erie County. (N. Y. Wkly. Rpt. , Jume 14). WASHINGTON - Many Empoasca
filamenta adults in flight during week May 30 at Quincy, Grant County. (Landis).

FLEA BEETLES - VERMONT - Continue on tomatoes and potatoes. (MacCollom, June 14).
CONNECTICUT = Attacking a wide variety of vegetables. (Savos). NEW YORK -
Feeding actively on tomatoes in Orleans and Erie Counties. Still active in
Ontario County. (N.Y. Wkly. Rpt., June 14). WISCONSIN - Averaged 10 per plant

on tomatoes, cucumbers, muskmelon, broccoli and brussels sprouts in Ashland County.
(Wis. Ins. Sur.). IOWA - Abundant in gardens, (Iowa Ins. Inf., June 14).

SEED-CORN MAGGOT (Hylemya platura) - NEW HAMPSHIRE - Larvae one=third grown in
young string beans at Newport. Sutherland). NEW JERSEY - Sticky board traps
at Cedarville caught 248 adults on 6 boards, (Ins.-Dis. Newsltr.). WISCONSIN -
Heavy on potatoes in Calumet County and radishes in Shawano County. (Wis. Ins.
Sur.).

SOUTHERN GREEN STINK BUG (Nezara viridula) - ALABAMA - Heavy and widespread on
foliage of watermelons and beans in Mobile County, much heavier than in many
years, (Cuevas et al.).

- 684 -

FOUR-LINED PLANT BUG (Poecilocapsus lineatus) - SOUTH DAKOTA - Heavy on melons in
Sioux Falls area. (Jones). MICHIGAN - Adults caused severe feeding injury to
field of mint in Branch County. (Thompson) .

TOBACCO INSECTS

BUDWORMS (Heliothis spp.) - GEORGIA - Light to heavy on tobacco across tobacco-
growing area. (French). SOUTH CAROLINA - Present on tobacco in Berkeley,
Marion and Williamsburg Counties. (Nettles et al., June 15).

LOOPERS - SOUTH CAROLINA - Infesting tobacco in Florence and Marion Counties,
(Nettles et al., June 15).

FLEA BEETLES - GEORGIA - Infestations light throughout tobacco-growing area,
(French). SOUTH CAROLINA - Reported on tobacco in Berkeley, Marion and
Williamsburg Counties, (Nettles et al., June 15).

APHIDS - SOUTH CAROLINA - Reported infesting tobacco in Darlington County.
(Nettles et al., June 15).

COTTON INSECTS

BOLL WEEVIL (Anthonomus grandis) - SOUTH CAROLINA - Emergence from hibernation
continues heavy in Florence area, Counts expected to rise in all fields due to
irregular insecticide application during last week of rainy weather, Larval
infestations range 0-7 percent in treated and 21-77 percent in untreated plots.
(Taft et al, June 16). TENNESSEE - Only light traces of weevils found so far
this season in southern counties, Probably still some weevils to emerge from
hibernation; conditions now favorable. Although populations expected to be
light, conditions favorable for buildup could result in considerable damage.
(Locke) . GEORGIA - Emergence of overwintered weevils heavy in northern half

of State (Johnson); punctured squares ranged 8-10 percent in Tift and Terrell
Counties (Morgan). In Stewart and Webster Counties, 18 of 45 fields checked

had sufficient squares for counts to be made; punctured squares ranged 1-10
percent in 8 fields, 11-25 percent in 8 fields and 26-50 percent in 2 fields.
(Dillard). ALABAMA - Square counts continue heavy in Henry, Covington and
Conecuh Counties and on older cotton in Dallas, Perry,Hale, Tuscaloosa and
Montgomery Counties, Live weevils feeding on late cotton at rate of 3,400 per
acre in Dallas County field; count approximately 1,000 weevils per acre at a
location in Tuscaloosa County. Adults feeding on buds of young cotton in Fayette
and Cherokee Counties; some larvae reaching full growth in squares as far north
as Hale and Tuscaloosa Counties, First “hatch-outs" will occur in older cotton
from Tuscaloosa County across to Chambers County and south about June 25 to

July 1. "Hatch-outs" have already occurred and continue in older cotton in
more southern counties. (McQueen). MISSISSIPPI - Present in number of fields
in delta counties, (Pfrimmer et al., June 17). LOUISIANA - Weevils found in 20
of 31 fields examined in Madison Parish; ranged 50-600 per acre. Square counts
made in 7 fields of young cotton; percent punctured squares ranged 1-38, averaged
14, One hundred thirty weevils recovered from 50 cotton trap plants near hiber-
nation sites June 11-16, (Cleveland et al., June 17). ARKANSAS - Few weevils
being found in older cotton; numbers very low except in few fields in extreme
southeast section. These low numbers, however, are larger than those found at
time of year for past 2 years when overwintered weevils were extremely scarce,
(Ark, Ins. Sur.). OKLAHOMA - Reported active on cotton in Bryan County. This
first report of season, (Okla. Coop. Sur.). TEXAS - Weevils found in 12 of 80
treated fields and 8 of 29 untreated fields in McLennan and Falls Counties;
averaged 48 per acre in untreated fields (maximum count 250), and 15 in treated
fields (maximum count 250). Overall average 22, Infestation averaged 0.3 per-
cent punctured squares in 17 fields. Survival percentages in hibernation cages
as of June 18 as follows: 2.4 in 2 cages containing 1,000 field-collected weevils
installed October 29; 16.2 in cage containing 136 weevils removed from ground

- 685 -

trash and rehibernated December 2, and 27.6 in cage containing 152 weevils removed
from ground trash and rehibernated in March 1965, No weevils emerged from cages
containing green bolls collected in November and cages containing bollie cotton
collected from standing stalks in March. Single weevil collected on flight
screen, (Cowan et al.). First overwintering weevils in high plains area reported
from Spur area, Dickens County; also reported in Wilbarger, Knox, Jones, Scurry,
Foard, Runnels, Cottle and Schleicher Counties, Very light, scattered infesta-
‘tions reported in Brazos, Burleson, Grimes and Washington Counties; weevils or
punctured squares noted in‘’Navarro, Hunt, Williamson and Delta Counties, Light
infestations noted in Brazoria, Fort Bend, Madison, Walker, Jackson and Houston
Counties, Infestations continued to spread in lower Rio Grande Valley, although
generally light. Light infestations reported in Kinney and Presidio Counties,
(Texas Coop. Rpt.).

BOLLWORMS (Heliothis spp. et al.) - SOUTH CAROLINA - Larval infestations ranged
0-3 percent in treated and 0-0.6 percent in untreated plots in Florence area.
Light trap collections revealed 12 H, zea (bollworm) adults; no H. virescens
(tobacco budworm) adults taken. (Taft et al., June 16). GEORGIA - Eggs ranged
1-10 per 100 terminals in 40 fields and 11-25 per 100 terminals in 5 fields. No
larvae found in 33 fields checked; ranged 1-3 per 100 terminals in 10 fields and
4-10 in 2 fields, (Dillard). ALABAMA - Larvae light on cotton, although eggs
have been plentiful. Parasites, predators and frequent rains throughout cotton
area reduced infestations to minimum, Adults of H, zea and H. virescens occurring
in fields; H. zea most numerous. (McQueen). MISSISSIPPI - Egg deposition
declined in most fields in delta counties; larvae found in some fields, (Pfrimmer
et al., June 17). LOUISIANA - Larvae ranged 1-3 per field in 4 of 10 fields
examined in Madison Parish; eggs ranged 1-3 per terminal in 6 fields. (Cleveland
et al, June 17). ARKANSAS - Activity observed in all cotton checked, Egg and
larval numbers very low. Terminal feeding signs rather numerous indicating eggs
being laid; some larvae feeding for short period but being controlled by benefi-
cial insects. Boll-damaged square counts generally low in cotton squaring at

this time, (Ark, Ins. Sur.). OKLAHOMA - Single fourth-stage larva of H. zea
found in young cotton in Jackson County; eggs, probably H. zea, noted on cotton

in Payne County. (Okla. Coop. Sur.). TEXAS - Infestations light in cotton in
McLennan and Falls Counties, Averaged 0.6 egg and 0.3 larva per 100 terminals

in 93 treated fields and 0.2 egg and 0.1 larva in 32 untreated fields. Square
injury averaged 0.2 percent in 17 fields. (Cowan et al.). H. zea damaging

cotton in many Rio Grande Valley fields; most infestations light to moderate,
Infestations light in Victoria, Karnes, Kinney, Reeves, Pecos, Culberson, Brazoria,
Fort Bend, Madison, Walker, Jackson, Houston, Brazos, Grimes, Washington and
Robertson Counties. (Texas Coop. Rpt.). ARIZONA - Populations of first-stage
larvae of H. zea very light in Gila Valley cotton, Yuma County. (Ariz. Coop.
Sur.).

BEET ARMYWORM (Spodoptera exigua) - CALIFORNIA - Continues abundant in many fields;
severe damage evident in many instances, Continued egg laying in some areas may
indicate end of preceding brood or beginning of another brood, Fields should be
watched closely, as another generation can be expected. Growers urged to
throughly evaluate infestations to determine injury potential. (Leigh, June 9).
Present on cotton throughout Tulare County; however, populations apparently

decreasing, (Sallee, June 9). Infestations occurred throughout western portion
of Fresno County with some controls necessary; very few infestations reported
from eastern part of county. (Ferris, June 10). General on cotton throughout

Kern County. Terminal feeding by larvae resulted in stand reduction and excessive
lateral bud growth in few instances. Parasites, predators and disease prevent
larval development past third stage in many instances, (Black, June 8). General
throughout San Joaquin Valley on cotton, with particularly heavy populations in
the Tulare Lake bottom area where extensive damage occurred. (Cal. Coop. Rpt.).
TEXAS - This species, Loxostege similalis (garden webworm), Prodenia ornithogalli
and unspecified cutworms caused Tight to heavy, local damage to Seedling cotton

in high plains and rolling plains areas. (Texas Coop. Rpt.).

~ 686 -

CABBAGE LOOPER (Trichoplusia ni) - SOUTH CAROLINA - Infestations insignificant
on cotton in Florence area. (Taft et al., June 16). TEXAS - Noted in 8 fields
of cotton in McLennan and Falls Counties. (Cowan et al.). Populations light on
cotton in Reeves County. (Neeb). ARIZONA - Light to medium on cotton in areas
of Maricopa and Pinal Counties. (Ariz. Coop. Sur.). NEVADA - Infestations and
damage light on cotton in Moapa Valley, Clark County. (Cooney). CALIFORNIA -
Larvae evident on cotton in many fields; however, parasitism high and controls
not necessary at this time. (Leigh, June 9). Medium on cotton in Holtville,
Imperial County. (Cal. Coop. Rpt.).

CUTWORMS - OKLAHOMA - An unspecified species reported heavy in cotton in McCurtain
County. (Okla. Coop. Sur.). CALIFORNIA - Although serious on cotton earlier in
season in Tulare County, no new infestations encountered. (Sallee, June 9).
Greater problem throughout San Joaquin Valley than in past few seasons. Several
species encountered, but Peridroma saucia (variegated cutworm) appears most
prevalent, (Cal. Coop. Rpt.).

PAINTED LADY (Vanessa cardui) - CALIFORNIA - Larvae evident on cotton in Fresno
and Tulare Counties; however, infestations light. (Leigh).

FLEAHOPPERS - LOUISIANA - Averaged 1 per field in 10 fields checked in Madison
Parish. (Cleveland et al., June 17). OKLAHOMA - Psallus seriatus (cotton flea-
hopper) averaged up to 8 adults and 5 nymphs per 100 plants on cotton beginning
to square in Jackson County; active but light in Payne County cotton. (Okla.
Coop. Sur.). TEXAS - P. seriatus increased in cotton in McLennan and Falls
Counties due to migration from Other host plants; damaging in 9 of 32 untreated
fields and 12 of 93 treated fields. Averaged 5 per 100 terminals in 93 treated
fields and 9.2 in 32 untreated fields. (Cowan et al.). Light on cotton in
Culberson, Reeves, Pecos, Knox, Runnels, Concho, Foard, Childress, Tom Green
and Schleicher Counties. Infestations varied greatly from field to field in
Blacklands area; varied 2-60 per 100 terminals. Increasing in Brazos, Robertson,
Grimes, Washington and Burleson Counties, Ranged 20-30 per 100 terminals in
Fort Bend, Brazoria and Lamar Counties, and 30-50 per 100 terminals in Madison,
Walker and Houston Counties. (Texas Coop. Rpt.). ARIZONA - P. seriatus popula-
tions continue to increase in Pinal, Pima and Maricopa Counties. Light numbers
found in Graham County and in planted fields in Yuma County. Infestations heavy
in stub cotton in eastern Yuma County. Spanogonicus albofasciatus continues
medium to heavy in cotton in Maricopa, Pinal and Pima Counties; light infestations
found in Graham and Yuma Counties and reported heavy in stub cotton in eastern
Yuma County. (Ariz. Coop. Sur.).

PLANT BUGS - ALABAMA - Adelphocoris rapidus (rapid plant bug), Lygus lineolaris
(tarnished plant bug) and Psallus Seriatus (cotton fleahopper) causing some
damage to cotton, (McQueen). MISSISSIPPI - L. lineolaris light to medium on
cotton in many fields in delta counties; very few nymphs found. (Pfrimmer et al.,
June 17).

LYGUS BUGS (Lygus spp.) - CALIFORNIA - Evident in some cotton; numbers high in
alfalfa indicating cotton close to fields of alfalfa hay should be checked closely
following hay cutting. Also abundant in potato, sugar beet and safflower fields
indicating maturing of and harvesting of these crops may contribute to lygus
populations in adjacent cotton, Some movement to cotton from drying pastures

and desert areas noticed in western Fresno County and along eastern foothills.
(Leigh, June 9), ARIZONA - Continue to damage young cotton in Maricopa and Pinal
Counties; light but increasing populations found in Graham, Yuma and Pima Counties.
(Ariz. Coop. Sur.). TEXAS - Present in cotton in Reeves and Culberson Counties.
(Neeb).

APHIDS - SOUTH CAROLINA - Insignificant on cotton in Florence area, (Taft et al.,
June 16), GEORGIA - Light infestation found in one field, (Dillard). MISSOURI -
Aphis gossypii (cotton aphid) becoming problem on cotton in Pemiscot County.
(Jones). TEXAS - A. gossypii light in 65 fields and medium in 3 fields on cotton
checked in Falls and McLennan Counties, (Cowan et al.).

- 687 -

GRASSHOPPERS - TEXAS - Damaging cotton in field margins in scattered areas over
most of State, (Texas Coop. Rpt.).

THRIPS - ALABAMA - Causing some damage to cotton. (McQueen). MISSISSIPPI - Light
on younger cotton in delta counties, (Pfrimmer et al., June 17). LOUISIANA -
Averaged 0.21 per plant in 54 experimental plots in Madison Parish. (Cleveland
et al., June 17). OKLAHOMA - Frankliniella spp. ranged light to moderate on
cotton in Harmon, Comanche, Payne and Bryan Counties. (Okla. Coop. Sur.).

TEXAS - Light in 62, medium in 7 and heavy in 2 fields of cotton in McLennan and
Falls Counties. (Cowan et al.). Light infestations general on cotton in high
plains and rolling plains area; damage reported in Delta, Hunt and Navarro
Counties. Light infestations reported in many counties in trans—Pecos area;
ranged light to moderate in Harris and Lamar Counties and in replanted fields in
Brazos, Burleson, Washington and Grimes Counties, (Texas Coop. Rpt.). NEVADA -
Variable, spotted and light to medium on cotton in Moapa Valley, Clark County.
(Cooney). CALIFORNIA - Present in most fields and caused moderate damage to
seedling cotton in form of ragging and cupping of leaves, (Leigh, June 9).
Damage to cotton general throughout western part of Fresno County except where
systemic insecticide used, (Ferris, June 10).

SPIDER MITES - TENNESSEE - Trace numbers found on cotton in western area in
fields infested in 1964; condition unfavorable for buildup. In event of dry, hot
weather, infestations will probably increase again. (Locke), TEXAS - Found in
one field in McLennan and Falls County area. (Cowan et al.). NEVADA -
Tetranychus sp. infestations variable; spotted, light to medium on cotton in
Moapa Valley, Clark County. (Cooney). CALIFORNIA - Evident on cotton in many
fields, including some fields where treatments applied. Defoliation by
Tetranychus atlanticus (strawberry spider mite) severe in some untreated fields
in Hanford-Caruthers area and in western Tulare County. (Leigh, June 9). Spider
mite infestations general throughout Kern County, particularly in fields receiving
no systemic insecticides at planting; however, some treated fields showing
moderate to heavy populations, (Black, June 8). Infestations evident throughout
western part of Fresno County. Growers applied sulfur with good results,
indicating populations predominantly T. atlanticus. T. telarius (two-spotted
spider mite) apparently predominates in Lerman, Biola and Rolinda areas. (Ferris,

June 10). In Tulare County, T. atlanticus continues problem on cotton, dusting
of sulfur resulted in good control. Some applications of a miticide plus broad
spectrum of insecticide has given adequate control. (Sallee, June 9). Infesta-

tions general on cotton; range moderate to extensive in many fields in Kern,
Kings and Tulare Counties, with light infestations found in western Fresno County.
(Cal. Coop. Rpt.).

- 688 -

FOREST, ORNAMENTAL AND SHADE TREE INSECTS

JACK-PINE BUDWORM (Choristoneura pinus) - MICHIGAN - Third instars on Huron
National Forest area of Alcona, Oscoda and Iosco Counties; population comparable
to 1964; heavy defoliation expected. (Millers). WISCONSIN - Larvae common on
understory trees in Burnett and Polk Counties on June 11 and fairly scarce in
Jackson, La Crosse, Oneida and Marinette Counties. Ranged second to fifth instars
June 11 in Burnett and Polk Counties; mostly third instars in Oneida County and
fourth instars in Jackson and La Crosse Counties on June 10. (Wis. Ins. Sur.).
MINNESOTA - Light to moderate in St. Croix State Park; moderate in Crow Wing and
Cass Counties; in staminate cones. Damage in 1964 apparent at Cass Lake and
Pine River. Trees off color; some branch kill but little tree mortality. (Minn.
Ins. Rpt.).

SPRUCE BUDWORM (Choristoneura fumiferana) - NORTH DAKOTA - Larvae light on Black
Hills spruce at Esmond, Benson County. (Frye, Thomasson).

PINE TUSSOCK MOTH (Dasychira plagiata) - MINNESOTA - Persisting at very low level
south of Brainerd; no larvae noted on General Andrews Forest. (Minn, Ins. Rpt.).
WISCONSIN - Light in Douglas County; ranged third to fifth instars June 10.
Larvae generally more numerous along edges of jack and red pines than within
stands. (Wis. Ins. Sur.).

EUROPEAN PINE SHOOT MOTH (Rhyaciona buoliana) - WISCONSIN - Controls urged in
southern zone of State. (Wis. Ins. Sur.). MICHIGAN - About 95 percent in pupal
stage in Livingston County Scotch pine plantation on June 16, Remaining 5 per-
cent larvae; some larval mortality noted. Level of infestation lowest in many
years in Wexford and Manistee Counties; practically disappeared. (Newman,
Millers). NEW YORK - Very light, down slightly from 1964, in Scotch pine
Christmas tree plantation at Martville, Cayuga County. (N.Y. Wkly. Rpt., June 14),

PITCH TWIG MOTH (Petrova comstockiana) - NEW YORK - Large pitch masses on jack
pine twigs in New Bremen, Lewis County. (N.Y. Wkly. Rpt., June 14).

AN OLETHREUTID MOTH (Rhyacionia pasadenana) - CALIFORNIA - Larvae, probably this
species, heavy on twigs of Pinus radiata in Los Gatos, Santa Cruz County. (Cal.
Coop. Rpt.).

LARCH CASEBEARER (Coleophora laricella) - WASHINGTON - Severely damaged larch in
northern Spokane and Pend Oreille Counties. Now in late pupal stage. (Telford,
June 11). NEW HAMPSHIRE - Damage heavy on larch in Boscawen; in pupal stage.
(Mason).

SPRUCE NEEDLE MINER (Taniva albolineana) - NORTH DAKOTA - Caused light damage to
Colorado and Black Hills spruce in southeast. (Frye, Thomasson).

CF
BARK BEETLES (Dendroctonus spp.) - TEXAS - Rapid increase in activity of D.
frontalis (southern pine beetle) continued during May; 334 new infestations
Tocated compared to 65 in April. Found in Hardin, Jasper, Liberty, Newton,
Orange, Polk, San Jacinto and Tyler Counties. Tree killing will continue to
increase in June due to high populations in epidemic area, Landowners urged to
increase efforts to control losses. Damage to loblolly and shortleaf pines by
D. terebrans (black turpentine beetle) reported on National forests in Angelina,
Houston, Trinity and Walker Counties. Number of trees treated on National
forests 306; most control in Angelina County where damage increasing. (Texas
Forest Pest Comm., May Rpt., Williamson).

ENGRAVER BEETLES (Ips spp.) - TEXAS - Unusual damage by I. avulsus, I. grandi-
collis and I. calligraphus reported in Gregg County; 12 Toblolly pines killed in
one spot; damage appeared constant. No controls used. (Texas Forest Pest Comn.,
May Rpt., Williamson).

= 689 >—

PINE ROOT COLLAR WEEVIL (Hylobius radicis) - MICHIGAN - Heavy in Muskegon County.
(Hearl). Larvae of recently described H. rhizophagus leading to death of 3-foot
red pines planted among older jack pines in Alcona County. (Millers).

STRAWBERRY WEEVIL (Anthonomus signatus) - CONNECTICUT - Larvae noted on hemlock
in Monroe. (Johnson, June 16).

WHITE-PINE WEEVIL (Pissodes strobi) - NEW YORK - Very active on ornamental pines
in Monroe County. (N.Y. Wkiy. Rpt., June 14).

CONIFER SAWFLIES - MINNESOTA - Adults of Diprion similis (introduced pine sawfly)
active in Carlton and Pine Counties; no eggs or larvae noted, Neodiprion pratti
banksianae (jack-pine sawfly) light and scattered in central area and in northern
Aitkin County; middle to late instars. (Minn. Ins. Rpt.). WISCONSIN - Third
instars of N. nanulus nanulus (red-pine sawfly) in Marquette and Waushara Counties
June 7. (Wis. Ins. Sur.). IOWA - N. sertifer (European pine sawfly) larvae
abundant on red, jack and Scotch pines in Backbone State Park and throughout
Clayton and Delaware Counties; probably present throughout northeast (Iowa Ins.
Inf., June 14). NEW YORK - Sawflies, probably N. sertifer, serious in Schoharie
County and other north central locations. (N.Y. Wkly. Rpt., June 14).
CONNECTICUT - Conifer sawflies noted on pines in Rockfall. (Savos, June 16).

PINE SPITTLEBUG (Aphrophora parallela) - MINNESOTA - Very noticeable on jack, red
and white pines; heavy at Brainerd, Cross Lake and Pine River and one small area
on General Andrews Forest. Mostly middle instars with nymphs in spittle. No
damage apparent caused by 1964 infestation. (Minn. Ins. Rpt.). WISCONSIN -
Third instars in Marquette and Waushara Counties June 7. (Wis. Ins. Sur.). NEW
YORK - Observed on Scotch and white pines on Arnot Forest and other areas near
Ithaca. (N.Y. Wkly. Rpt., June 14).

SARATOGA SPITTLEBUG (Aphorphora saratogensis) - WISCONSIN - Second instars very
numerous on part of 70-acre plantation in Shawano County June 8. Controls may
be necessary on about 15 acres in July. (Wis. Ins. Sur.).

PINE TORTOISE SCALE (Toumeyella numismaticum) - MINNESOTA - Much reduced in
Willow River nursery and on General Andrews Forest in areas treated in 1964,
Small area of high population expected in roadside plantings at Graham Lake and
Bruno on State Highway 23. Eggs undeveloped in Brainerd area. (Minn. Ins.
Rpt.). WISCONSIN - Females laden with eggs on Scotch pine in Jackson County; no
hatching observed to June 9. Light, scattered infested trees noted in Burnett,
Douglas and Polk Counties. (Wis. Ins. Sur.).

PINE NEEDLE SCALE (Phenacaspis pinifoliae) - OREGON - Entering crawler stage in
Benton County. (Capizzi). NEW YORK - Crawlers settled but no wax secretion at
Martville, Cayuga County. Population greatly reduced by Chilocorus stigma
(twice-stabbed lady beetle) and other species. (N.Y, Wkly. Rpt., June 14).
VERMONT - Crawlers not active, (MacCollom, June 14).

PINE BARK APHID (Pineus strobi) - NEW YORK - Scattered, light on Scotch pines at
Martville, Cayuga County. (N.Y. Wkly. Rpt., June 14).

COOLEY SPRUCE GALL APHID (Chermes cooleyi) - ILLINOIS - Eggs, nymphs and galls
abundant on some fir and spruce in northeastern area. (Lockhart).

BALSAM TWIG APHID (Mindarus abietinus) - NORTH DAKOTA - Extremely heavy on Black
Hills spruce in nursery at Esmond, Benson County. (Frye, Thomasson). WISCONSIN -
Curling new growth in some heavily infested stands in Langlade County. (Wis.

Gio SEES) G

ELM LEAF BEETLE (Galerucella xanthomelaena) - ALABAMA - Light but steadily
increasing first generation reported in Montgomery, Perry, Hale, Tuscaloosa, Lee
and other central and western counties. (Holstun et al.). RHODE ISLAND - Adult
feeding evident; egg laying underway. Frequency very variable, probably due to

- 690 =

controls for bark beetles. (Mathewson). OHIO - Larvae feeding on elm leaves in
Lucas and Pickaway Counties; many Chinese elms in Hilliard, Franklin County,
heavily infested. (Delaplane, Galford, Rose). IOWA - Larvae active; controls
recommended. (Iowa Ins. Inf., June 14). MISSOURI - First-generation adults
present in southern third of State; pupae and some emergence in central third
and full-grown larvae and some pupae in northern third. (Wkly. Ins. Rpt.).
OKLAHOMA - First-generation adults emerged; egg laying underway in northeast.
Moderate in McIntosh and Adair Counties and northeast. Light in Kiowa County.
(Okla. Coop. Sur.). ARIZONA - Medium populations defoliating elms in Safford
area of Graham County. (Ariz. Coop. Sur.). NEVADA - Larvae noted in Yerington,
Lyon County, and southern Washoe County. (Bechtel, Cooney, Martinelli).

LARGER ELM LEAF BEETLE (Monocesta coryli) - NORTH CAROLINA - Adults noted in Meck-—
lenburg County. (Scott).

LEAF BEETLES (Anomoea spp.) - TEXAS = Locally heavy and damaging mimosa trees in
Dickens County (Rummel) and Tarrant County (Graves).

IMPORTED WILLOW LEAF BEETLE (Plagiodera versicolora) - DELAWARE - Adults and
larvae abundant on willows in southwestern Sussex County; causing considerable
feeding injury. (Burbutis, Woodall). RHODE ISLAND - Larval feeding noted.
(Mathewson).

SMALLER EUROPEAN ELM BARK BEETLE (Scolytus multistriatus) - WASHINGTON - Found
in Yakima, Yakima County, May 4. Det. by M. H. Hatch. This is a new State record.
(Landis).

LOCUST BORER (Megacyllene robiniae) - OHIO - Larvae feeding on black locusts near
Reinersville, Morgan County; fresh frass at tunnel entrances noted. Many black
locust trees in strip mine reforestation area attacked; dead trees common, (Rose).

BRONZE BIRCH BORER (Agrilus anxius) -— NEW HAMPSHIRE - Adults emerging at Dover
June 8. (Mason).

RED-HEADED ASH BORER (Neoclytus acuminatus) - IOWA - Collected on willow at Ames
June 6. (Iowa Ins. Inf., June 14).

A BUPRESTID BEETLE (Poecilonota thureura) - COLORADO - Damaging willow and cotton-
wood in recreation area, Bent County. (Kesterson, Wells).

A LEAF-MINING WEEVIL (Odontopus calceatus) - OHIO - Damage to sassafras and
especially yellow-poplar heavy in southern area. Infestations noted in Scioto,
Lawrence and Adams Counties. (Whitten et al.).

CANKERWORMS - NORTH DAKOTA - Caused heavy defoliation in southeastern sandhills
areas; boxelder primary host. (Noetzel). SOUTH DAKOTA - Paleacrita vernata
(spring cankerworm) especially troublesome; defoliating elms and other shade
trees in Lawrence, Pennington and western Meade Counties, particularly in Spear-
fish-Sturgis-Rapid City area. Controls underway. (Jones). NEW YORK -— Moderate
in southwestern section. Infestations in Cattaraugus County apparently decreased
from high of 1964. Light in Chautauqua County; apparently increasing. (N.Y.
Wkly. Rpt., June 14). VERMONT - On elms in Newbury. (MacCollom, June 14).

WESTERN TENT CATERPILLAR (Malacosoma pluviale) - RHODE ISLAND - Three tents with
larvae collected in Cranston, Providence County, May 25, 26. Det. by D. M. Weisman.
Additional specimens since collected in branch location of same nursery in Exeter,
Washington County. Nursery stock from out of State. This is a new State record.
(Veilleux). OREGON - Very light to heavy in Washington, Yamhill and Columbia
Counties; majority pupated. High mortality from virus disease and tachina flies.
(Stevenson).

— 691 5=

FOREST TENT CATERPILLAR (Malacosoma disstria) - NEW HAMPSHIRE - More common than
in past 5 years in scattered localities June 14. No specific outbreak noted.
(Conklin, Mason). MINNESOTA - None seen in Aitkin, Carlton and Pine Counties.
(Minn. Ins. Rpt.). UTAH - Infesting fruit and shade trees and several kinds of
ornamental shrubs at Logan and elsewhere in Cache County and in parts of Utah,
Salt Lake, Davis and Weber Counties. (Knowlton, June 14).

EASTERN TENT CATERPILLAR (Malacosoma americanum) - WISCONSIN - Few nearly full-
grown larvae present in Rock County June 15; nearly all pupated. Areas in southern
tier of counties appear to have largest degree of infestation of past 5 years.
(Wis. Ins. Sur.). RHODE ISLAND - Larval activity subsided. (Mathewson, King,
Veilleux).

FALL WEBWORM (Hyphantria cunea) - INDIANA - First webs of season noted on

mulberry in Harrison (June 5) and Tippecanoe (June 10) Counties. (Chandler,
Saugstad). NORTH CAROLINA - Larvae 0.5 to 0.75 inch long feeding on sweetgum in
Halifax County. Det. by D. A. Mount. (Peedin). DELAWARE - First small webs
noted on mulberry and willow in New Castle and Kent Counties. (Burbutis, Woodall).

MOURNING-CLOAK BUTTERFLY (Nymphalis antiopa) - NEVADA - Variable,light to heavy on
elms in southern Washoe County and Lovelock, Pershing County. (Bechtel, Ferraro,
Sebbas). UTAH - Defoliating elms at Delta, Millard County (June 15); larvae
infested some elm trees at Vernal and Jensen, Uintah County, and Roosevelt,
Duchesne County (June 18). (Knowlton). RHODE ISLAND - Infesting willow in Peace
Dale, Washington County; especially heavy this year. (Hyland, Mathewson).

LINDEN LOOPER (Erannis tiliaria) - OHIO - Large number of larvae feeding on Chinese
elm foliage in Washington Court House, Fayette County; 121 elm trees involved.
(Holdsworth, Grover).

WHITE-MARKED TUSSOCK MOTH (Hemerocampa leucostigma) - WISCONSIN - Most larvae
nearly full grown June 16; completed first molt June 1 in Madison area. Very
common on hackberry, Chinese elm and few raspberry plants. (Wis. Ins. Sur.).

A SATURNIID MOTH (Hemileuca sp.) - TEXAS - Locally light on rangeland scrub oak
in Cochran County; larvae heavily parasitized by Apanteles sp. (a braconid).
(Texas Coop. Rpt., Hanson).

SATIN MOTH (Stilpnotia salicis) - NEW HAMPSHIRE - Defoliated 4 large poplars at
Manchester; many larvae dying of starvation. (Mason). VERMONT - Present on
poplars along lakefront in Burlington. (MacCollom, June 14).

MIMOSA WEBWORM (Homadaula albizziae) - ALABAMA - Light, isolated first generation
pupating in mimosa in Montgomery, Dallas, Perry, Hale, Tuscaloosa and other central
and western counties; extremely heavy on most trees On Dauphin Island, Mobile
County. (Seibels, Deavours, Holstun et al.).

LARGE ASPEN TORTRIX (Choristoneura conflictana) - WISCONSIN - Defoliated
scattered individual trees in Lincoln County; ranged third to fifth instars
June 10. Many rolled leaves examined empty. (Wis. Ins. Sur.).

GYPSY MOTH (Porthetria dispar) - RHODE ISLAND - In fifth to sixth instars in
Warwick, Kent County. (Veilleux).

A GELECHIID MOTH - RHODE ISLAND - Undetermined small species in great numbers on
trunks of oak or property in Warwick, Kent County; probably associated with lichens.
(Mathewson).

FRUIT-TREE LEAF ROLLER (Archips argyrospilus) - OREGON = Adults emerging from
rolled leaves of ash in Jackson County. (Berry).

BOXELDER LEAF ROLLER (Gracilaria negundella) — CALIFORNIA - Larvae heavy on box-
elder in Chowchilla, Madera County. (Cal. Coop. Rpt.).

= 692 =

BIRCH LEAF MINER (Fenusa pusilla) - NEW JERSEY - First generation caused heavy
damage in Union County on unsprayed birch trees. (Ins.-Dis. Newsltr.).

NEW YORK - Caused major browning of leaves in Lewis and Jefferson Counties by

June 7. Damage more severe in Nassau County than in 1964. (N.Y. Wkly. Rpt.,

June 14). MICHIGAN - Moderate in Clare County. (MacQueen).

ELM LEAF MINER (Fenusa ulmi) -— NEW YORK -— Heavy damage on slippery elm in spotty
locations around Ithaca. (N.Y. Wkly. Rpt., June 14). MINNESOTA - Emerged.
(Minn. Ins. Rpt.).

A SAWFLY (Profenusa canadensis) - WISCONSIN - Larvae caused unusually severe
injury to hawthorns in areas of Dane, Rock and Grant Counties; estimated 80 percent
of leaf tissue destroyed on certain hawthorn varieties in Beloit. (Wis. Ins. Sur.).

LEAFHOPPERS - UTAH - Nymphs very numerous on cottonwood tree foliage in Duchesne,
Bridgeland and Arcadia areas, Duchesne County. (Knowlton, June 18).

WOOLLY ALDER APHID (Prociphilus tessellatus) - NORTH CAROLINA - Infested maple in
Northampton County. (Mount). DELAWARE — Present on silver maples in central
Kent County. (Bray). NEW YORK - Light in forested areas of Adirondack Mountains.
(N.Y. Wkly. Rpt., June 14).

WOOLLY ELM APHID (Eriosoma americanum) - MINNESOTA - Many reports in Minneapolis-
St. Paul area. (Minn. Ins. Rpt.

COTTONY MAPLE SCALE (Pulvinaria innumerabilis) - OHIO - Heavy in Wooster, Wayne
County, (Forsythe); active in northern areas (Whitten); outbreak occurring in
Cleveland area on soft maple (Strivings, Rings)... OREGON - Infesting various
ornamentals in Jackson County. (Berry). NEW YORK — Common on elm, dogwood and
yew in Suffolk County. (N.Y. Wkly. Rpt., June 14). CONNECTICUT - Noted on dog-
wood at New Haven. (Johnson, June 16).

POPLAR PETIOLE GALL APHID (Pemphigus populitransversus) -— IOWA -— Active in Sac
and Montgomery Counties and probably in all western areas. (Iowa Ins. Inf.,
June 14).

ELM LEAF APHID (Myzocallis ulmifolii) - OKLAHOMA - Remains heavy on elms in
Kingfisher County; unspecified aphids moderate to heavy on evergreens in Cleveland
County. (Okla. Coop. Sur.). UTAH - Conspicuously rolling elm leaves at Vernal,
Uintah County. (Knowlton, June 18).

ELM COCKSCOMB-GALL APHID (Colopha ulmicola) - NEW YORK - Fully formed on slippery
elm in Vestal area. (N.Y. Wkly. Rpt., June 14).

OYSTERSHELL SCALE (Lepidosaphes ulmi) - UTAH — Killing number of ash trees in
Coalville area, Summit County; damaging lilacs about several communities. [In
Uintah County, ash trees killed most frequently at Vernal. Hatching just began

in these higher areas. (Knowlton, June 18). IDAHO - Abundant; spotted to general
in Caldwell area. Crawlers present. (Bechtolt). COLORADO - Crawlers active;
hatch not completed on elms in Denver area. (Jenkins, Hantsbarger). VERMONT -
Crawlers active. (MacCollom, June 14).

AN ENSIGN SCALE (Orthezia sp.) - WASHINGTON - Heavy on holly at Mt. Vernon,
Skagit County. (Eide, June 11).

EUROPEAN ELM SCALE (Gossyparia spuria) —- OREGON - Infesting various ornamentals
in Jackson County. (Berry). CALIFORNIA - Medium on elm trees in Hanford, Kings
County, and locally heavy on Zelkova serrato in nursery in Sacramento, Sacramento
County. (Cal. Coop. Rpt.). NEVADA - Heavy on elms in Yerington, Lyon County.
(Bechtel, Martinelli). MINNESOTA - No egg laying noted. (Minn. Ins. Rpt.).

IOWA - Crawlers of this and Lecanium sp! active; controls recommended. (Iowa.
Ins. Inf., June 14).

= 5} =

GLOBOSE SCALE (Lecanium prunastri) -— DELAWARE - Crawlers present on ornamental
plum in area of New Castle County. (MacCreary).

A MEALYBUG (Phenacoccus dearnessi) - WISCONSIN - Hatching well underway in Beloit
area June 15; began on partially shaded hawthorn at Madison June 16. Populations
very high; honeydew profuse at Beloit. Considerable predation by lady beetles,
probably Chilocorus stigma (twice-stabbed lady beetle), occurring. (Wis. Ins.
Sur.).

A LEAF-EATING GRASSHOPPER (Dendrotettix quercus) - WISCONSIN - Nymphs numerous
in spots over a 2-township area in Marinette County; hatching began by June 2.
Where understory vegetation sparse or unpalatable, nymphs moved directly into
oak tree crowns. (Wis. Ins. Sur.).

A GALL MIDGE (Dasyneura gleditschiae) - NEW HAMPSHIRE - Second generation beginning
on honeylocust at Belknap. (Conklin).

MAPLE BLADDER-GALL MITE (Vasates quadripedes) - IOWA - Abundant on maples in
Winterset, Madison County; noted in Warren County. (Iowa Ins. Inf., June 14.).
CONNECTICUT - Noted on maples in New Britain. (Savos, June 16).

BAGWORM (Thyridopteryx ephemeraeformis) -—- OKLAHOMA — Heavy on ornamentals in

Greer, Kiowa and Mayes Counties; moderate in Murray, Bryan, Cleveland, Kingfisher,
Washita and Washington Counties; light in Kay and Adair Counties. (Okla. Coop.
Sur.). ALABAMA - Heavy damage observed on Pfitzer junipers, cedars, cypress and
other ornamental plants in Montgomery, Dallas, Perry, Hale and Tuscaloosa Counties.
(Bolstun et al.). SOUTH CAROLINA - Spreading from conifers and feeding on other
ornamentals; hatched about May 15. (Nettles et al., June 15).

LEAF ROLLER MOTHS - NEVADA - Choristoneura zapulata heavy on various ornamental
shrubs, especially lilac, quince and rose, in Reno-Sparks area, Washoe County.
(Bechtel). WISCONSIN - Acleris chalybeana in third instar on hard maple in
Menominie, Dunn County, June 1; very light. (Wis. Ins. Sur.).

AZALEA LEAF MINER (Gracilaria azaleella) - OREGON - Noted in home plantings of
azaleas in Corvallis area, Benton County. (Capizzi).

CABBAGE LOOPER (Trichoplusia ni) - CALIFORNIA - Larvae medium on cineraria
nursery plants in Hanford, Kings County. (Cal. Coop. Rpt.).

A PLUTELLID MOTH (Argyresthia sp.)- RHODE ISLAND - Heavy on property in Lincoln,
Providence County. (Mathewson).

RED-HUMPED CATERPILLAR (Schizura concinna) — CALIFORNIA - Medium on crapemyrtle
on fairgrounds in Glenn County; this is a new host record for State. (Cal. Coop.
RpiGaps.

A NOCTUID MOTH (Xerociris wilsoni) - TEXAS - Scattered infestations reported on
wide variety of flowers and shrubs over large area of State. (Texas Coop. Rpt.).

A CLEARWING MOTH (Podosesia syringae) - COLORADO - Larvae active and causing
losses to lilac and ash in Denver area. (Morris).

UGLY-NEST CATERPILLAR (Archips cerasivoranus) - WISCONSIN - Unusually large
numbers in localized areas of Dane and Rock Counties. Webbing wide assortment
of shrubs; larvae nearly full grown. (Wis. Ins. Sur.).

OMNIVOROUS LEAF TIER (Cnephasia longana) - WASHINGTON - Larvae rolling leaves of
roses and flowering crab apple with light damage in Vancouver, Clark County.
(Shanks, June 11).

STALK BORER (Papaipema nebris) - MISSOURI - Increasing number entering flowers
and some garden crops; most larvae about 0.75 inch long. (Wkly. Ins. Rpt.).

- 694 -

IO MOTH (Automeris io) - TEXAS - Larvae widespread on wide variety of shrubs-in

Harris County. (Kay).

ROSE LEAFHOPPER (Edwardsiana rosae) - UTAH - Seriously discoloring rose foliage
in several Utah County communities; in Willard-Brigham area, Box Elder County,
and in various Cache County communities. (Knowlton, June 14).

LACE BUGS - RHODE ISLAND - Heavy on azalea in nursery in Cranston, Providence
County. (Veilleux). CONNECTICUT - Feeding noticeable on andromeda, rhododendron
and laurel; controls recommended. (Savos).

A STINK BUG (Cosmopepla bimaculata) - INDIANA - Infesting ajuga in nurseries at
Goshen, Elkhart County, and Lafayette, Tippecanoe County. (Schuder).

FOUR-LINED PLANT BUG (Poecilocapsus lineatus) - NEW YORK - Severely damaging
viburnum in nursery in Vestal. (N.Y. Wkly. Rpt., June 14).

PSYLLIDS - CALIFORNIA - Adults and nymphs of Paratriozia laveterae heavy on tree
mallow in Oxnard, Ventura County. (Cal. Coop. Rpt.). COLORADO — Pachypsylla
celtidisgemma feeding on twig buds of hackberry and preventing development of
normal twigs in Denver area. (Morris).

APHIDS —- CONNECTICUT - Pineus coloradensis noted on red pine in New Haven area.
(Johnson, June 16). NEW YORK - Pterocomma smithiae adults and nymphs numerous on
weeping willow at Vestal. Unidentified gray species feeding on developing
candles of Scotch pine in Lowville. Unspeciefied species heavy on privet in
Suffolk County. (N.Y. Wkly. Rpt., June 14). UTAH - Unspecified species numerous
on chokecherry in some Davis County canyons. (Knowlton, June 14). Aphids
conspicuously curling English hawthorn and flowering quince foliage at Kamas,
Summit County, and snowball foliage in Vernal-Jensen areas of Vintah County;

very numerous on willows in Daniels Canyon, Wasatch County. (Knowlton, June 18).
Pemphigus sp. and Mordwilkoja sp. galls on cottonwood trees in Roosevelt-

Arcadia area, Duchesne County; only 5 percent of 1964 infestation in areas
examined. (Knowlton, June 18). COLORADO - Eriosoma spp. infesting elms in
Denver area. (Colo. Ins. Sur.).

FLETCHER SCALE (Lecanium fletcheri) - RHODE ISLAND - Hatching in Pawtucket,
Providence County, June 17; this is early date for State and probably does not
represent statewide condition. (Veilleux). NEW YORK -— Probably this species
frequently reported on arborvitae and taxus. (N.Y. Wkly. Rpt., June 14).
COLORADO - Heavy on juniper in Denver area. (Sinnamon).

EUONYMUS SCALE (Unaspis euonymi) - NORTH CAROLINA - Severe on euonymus in
Guilford County. (Scott).

AZALEA BARK SCALE (Eriococcus azaleae) — RHODE ISLAND - Heavy on rhododendron in
Providence, Providence County. (Mathewson) .

SOFT SCALES - OREGON - Coccus hesperidum (brown soft scale) infesting various
ornamentals in Jackson County. (Berry). CALIFORNIA - Pulvinaria floccifera
nymphs and adults noted on camellia plants locally in Fresno, Fresno County.
(Cal. Coop. Rpt.). MICHIGAN - Eggs of Lecanium corni (European fruit lecanium)
and L. fletcheri (Fletcher scale) turning pinkish in Ingham County; hatching on
infested taxus and fruit trees expected in next 2 weeks. (Dowdy). MINNESOTA -
L. corni not yet hatched. (Minn. Ins. Rpt.). NEW YORK —- Pulvinaria sp. heavy
‘on hawthorn in Schenectady. Lecanium sp. most frequently reported problem in
Nassau County. (N.Y. Wkly. Rpt., June 14). RHODE ISLAND - Lecanium sp. common
on sassafras on property in Peace Dale, Washington County. (Mathewson, Sorensen).
NORTH CAROLINA - Lecanium sp. light on oak in Nash County. (Woodard, Mount).
Toumeyella sp. infested loblolly pine needles in Robeson County; many young trees
heavily infested in Lumberton. Probably same species in Nash County. (Mills,
Woodard).

= 695 =

ARMORED SCALES - FLORIDA - All stages of Aspidiotus yuccae generally infesting
and moderately damaging leaves of Yucca sp. in nursery at Fort Myers, Lee County.
(Walsh, Nelson, June 9). This is second locality record for State; infested
plants from out of State; plants were refused. All stages of Diaspis boisduvalii
generally infesting and severely damaging leaves of orchid at Lakeland, Polk
County. (Tyner).

ROSE CHAFER (Macrodactylus subspinosus) - INDIANA - Adults causing heavy,
localized damage to flowers, shrubbery and corn in Noble, Pulaksi and Elkhart
Counties. (Lehker). CONNECTICUT —- Emerged and feeding on many flowers; controls
recommended. (Savos). RHODE ISLAND —- Heavy statewide. (Mathewson et al.).
VERMONT - Activity expected soon. (MacCollom, June 14).

HOLLYHOCK WEEVIL (Apion longirostre) - CALIFORNIA - Adults light on althaea in
La Grange, Stanislaus County; noted at Coulterville, Mariposa County; medium on
hollyhock in Jackson, Amador County and in San Andreas, Calaveras County.
Stanislaus, Mariposa and Calaveras are new county records. (Cal. Coop. Rpt.).

A WEEVIL - UTAH - Small species very abundant and damaging hollyhock at Coalville,
Summit County. (Knowlton, June 18).

BLACK VINE WEEVIL ee sulcatus) - CONNECTICUT - Adults appearing, controls
recommended. (Savos

ROSE CURCULIO (Rhynchites bicolor) - UTAH - Damaging rose gardens at Logan, Cache
County. (Knowlton, June 14

A SAP BEETLE (Carpophilus humeralis) - CALIFORNIA - Adults heavy on rose flowers
in Wheatland, Yuba County. (Cal. Coop. Rpt.).

ERIOPHYID MITES - FLORIDA —- Adults of Paracalacarus podocarpi scattered and
moderately damaging leaves of Podocarpus macrophyllus var. maki at Palmetto, Manatee
County, (Bickner, June 2); «11 stages scattered on stem and leaves of same host

in nursery at Holly Hill, Volusia County, (Pott, June 1). CALIFORNIA - Adults

of Calacarus adornatus heavy on camellia’ leaves in Spring Valley, San Diego

County. (Cal. Coop. Rpt.).

SPIDER MITES (Tetranychus spp.) - OKLAHOMA - Heavy on cedars in Kay County;
increasing on marigolds in Payne County. (Okla. Coop. Sur.). NORTH CAROLINA -
Caused some discoloration of pine needles in southern part of Coastal Plain;
recent rains reduced population to few eggs. Det. by M. F. Farrier. (Greene).

CLOVER MITE (Bryobia praetiosa) - WISCONSIN - Caused severe injury to honeysuckle
locally in Rock County. (Wis. Ins. Sur.).

MITES - NORTH CAROLINA - Severely infested rose foliage in Caldwell County.
(Andrews, Scott).

THRIPS - IOWA - Very troublesome on roses statewide. (Iowa Ins. Inf., June 14).

BRISTLY ROSE-SLUG (Cladius isomerus) = WISCONSIN - Pupation underway in Dane
County June 14; caused heavy defoliation of rose bed in Madison. (Wis. Ins. Sur.).

SLUGS - UTAH - Severely skeletonized climbing rose at home at Logan, Cache
County. (Knowlton, June 14).

INSECTS AFFECTING MAN AND ANIMALS

MOSQUITOES - UTAH - Moderate in Vernal area and more troublesome in Jensen and
nearby areas of Uintah County and along rivers and other streams in Duchesne

County. (Knowlton, June 14). NEW MEXICO — Buildup of probably Culex tarsalis
in ponds and stagnant water noted in southern Eddy County. (Marek).

= 696 —-

OKLAHOMA - Several species heavy in McIntosh, Bryan and Kay Counties. Species
collected: Aedes vexans, Psorophora discolor and P. confinnis in Creek County;

P. confinnis in Delaware County; P. cyanescens and P. confinnis in Nowata County;
‘and P. confinnis, P. ciliata and A. vexans in Mayes County. (Okla. Coop. Sur.).
IOWA - Huge emergence of A. vexans and A. trivittatus at Ames June 9 and 10.
Dispersed June 11 and caused extreme annoyance June 12 and 13. (Iowa Ins. Inf.).
WISCONSIN - Cooler weather decreased activity in most areas although high popula-
tions persist. (Wis. Ins. Sur.). SOUTH DAKOTA - Populations heavy in some areas;
requests by homeowners concerning control received. (Kantack, Berndt).

MICHIGAN - Numbers of Aedes spp. adults dropping over much of Lower Peninsula;
1965 populations considerably greater than in other recent years. (Dowdy).
MINNESOTA - Light trap catches in Metropolitan Mosquito Control District week
ending June 12 down 50 percent from previous week: 2,196 Aedes vexans, 243 A.
cinereus, 176 A. abserratus, 2,003 Culiseta inornata, 173 Culex tarsalis, 23
Anopheles walkeri. ManSonia perturbans just beginning emergence. Larval samples
included 413 A. vexans, 26 A. Sticticus, 15 A. spencerii, 1,205 Culiseta inornata,
246 Culex restuans, 482 Culex tarsalis and 142 Culex territans. Evening and day-—
time bite collections showed A. vexans, A. cinereus, A. sticticus, A. stimulans
important species. For week ending June 18, trap counts ranged 150-300 per night
in 2 traps in extreme north Washington and Anoka Counties; elsewhere counts low.
Some evidence of mosquito increase resulting from brood emergence June 11-13.
(Minn. Ins. Rpt.). VERMONT - Annoying livestock statewide. (MacCollom, June 14).
MARYLAND - Aedes triseriatus biting near Taylors Landing, Washington County.

(U. Md., Ent. Dept.). FLORIDA - Mansonia perturbans adults taken at Gainesville,
Alachua County. (Esser, June 15).

HORN FLY (Haematobia irritans) - OKLAHOMA - Averaged 2,000 per head on bulls

and 1,200 per head on cows in Cotton County; heavy on cattle in McCurtain, Osage,
Bryan and McIntosh Counties; moderate in Kingfisher, Cleveland, Mayes, Murray,
Kay and Greer Counties. (Okla. Coop. Sur.). MISSOURI -— Averaged 200 per animal
on cattle herds in northeast and north central districts. (Houser et al.).

IOWA —- Increasing slowly; some cattle in herd with 100 or more adults,others with
0-3 per animal. (Iowa Ins. Inf., June 14). ILLINOIS - Varied 0-250 and averaged
102 per animal in eastern and northeastern areas. (Ill. Ins. Rpt.). SOUTH DAKOTA -
Increased on Black Angus stock in Charles Mix County; 100-300 (average 200) per
side reported. (Jones). UTAH - Present but not numerous on cattle in Uintah

and Duchesne Counties. (Knowlton). GEORGIA - Averaged 150 per animal June 11;
averaged 107 per animal on same herd June 14 in Spalding County. (Roberts).

STABLE FLY (Stomoxys calcitrans) - INDIANA - Abundant and annoying sheep in
Tippecanoe County. (Chandler). ILLINOIS - Increasing; varied 0-6 per animal

in eastern and northeastern areas. (I11. Ins. Rpt.). IOWA —- Increasing slowly.
(Iowa Ins. Inf., June 14). OKLAHOMA - Moderate on and around cattle in Kingfisher
County. (Okla Coop. Surs)).

FACE FLY (Musca autumnalis) - MISSOURI - Averaged fewer than 2 per’ face on cattle
in northeast and north central districts. (Houser et al.). ILLINOIS — Continues
very low; 0-2 per face in eastern and northeastern areas. (Ill. Ins. Rpt.).
WISCONSIN - Some activity in Wood, Monroe, Juneau and Polk Counties; problems
expected to increase later. (Wis. Ins. Sur.). SOUTH DAKOTA — Low numbers present
on cattle in Charles Mix County; 1-3 on adult stock and 2-4 on calves. (Jones).

HOUSE FLY (Musca domestica) - NORTH CAROLINA — Abundant around caged laying
operation in Robeson County; annoying residents in area. (Ashton).

TABANID FLIES - ALABAMA - Tabanus spp. continue annoying cattle throughout State.
Very troublesome to large herd in Tuscaloosa County. (Campbell, Holstun). SOUTH
CAROLINA - Horse flies affecting dairy heifers at river bottom pasture in

Cherokee County. (Nettles et al., June 15). NORTH CAROLINA — Deer flies trouble-
some locally in Robeson County. (Ashton). MARYLAND — Chrysops spp. annoying
field workers in tidewater areas of State. (U. Md., Ent. Dept.). UTAH -— Appear-
ing and causing livestock annoyance in Duchesne and some Uintah County meadow
areas. (Knowlton). NEVADA - Adults of Silvius pollinosus (a deer fly) active in
Virgin Valley, Clark County. (Cooney).

- 697 -

BLACK FLIES - VERMONT - Annoying livestock statewide. (MacCollom, June 14).

FLIES — NEW MEXICO — Nuisance in and around homes and farm buildings in southern
Eddy County following recent rains. (Kloepfer, Nielsen).

MIDGES - NEW HAMPSHIRE - Vast swarms of nonbiting species around cottages on
Winnisquam Lake, Belknap County, June 11. (Conklin, Mason).

WHITE-MARKED TUSSOCK MOTH (Hemerocampa leucostigma) - NORTH CAROLINA - Larva
removed from throat of 2-year-old child by Onslow County physician; larvae believed
lodged in throat for 1-2 days. Det. by R. L. Rabb. (Halsey).

TROPICAL FOWL MITE (Ornithonyssus bursa) - FLORIDA - Adults taken on man at
Orlando, Orange County, (Barmby, May 21); adults taken in home at Pinellas Park,
Pinellas County, (Allen, May UZ) 6

CHIGGER MITES - OKLAHOMA - Eutrombicula spp. heavy and annoying people in Murray
County; moderate in Cleveland County. (Okla. Coop. Sur.). MISSOURI - Many
reports of Trombicula spp. annoying humans in southern two-thirds of State.
(Houser et al.).

CAT FLEA (Ctenocephalides felis) - NORTH CAROLINA - Numerous in home in Wake
County. (Wray). CONNECTICUT - Noted in home at Storrs. (Savos, June 16).

A CRICKET (Cycloptilum sp.) - FLORIDA -— Adult taken from man at West Palm Beach,
Palm Beach County. (Webb, June 9). Under man's shirt; caused several large
welts. (Fla. Coop. Sur.).

IMPORTED FIRE ANT (Solenopsis saevissima richteri) — FLORIDA -— Adults caused
severe bites on arm and leg of child sitting on ground at St. Petersburg, Pinellas
County. (Oard, June 14).

THRIPS - NORTH CAROLINA - Brought into home on blanket hung in yard; crawling and
biting at night annoyed resident in Buncombe County. (Palmer, Scott). MISSOURI -

Annoying humans in north central district. (Houser et al.).

AMERICAN DOG TICK (Dermacentor variabilis) - NORTH DAKOTA - Reported in most
areas of State. (Frye, Thomasson). SOUTH DAKOTA - Ticks, tentatively identified
as this species, removed from dog in Belle Fourche, Butte County. (Leslie).

INDIANA - Adults numerous in Montgomery County. (Chandler).

LONE STAR TICK (Amblyomma americanum) - OKLAHOMA - Heavy on cattle in McCurtain
and Mayes Counties; moderate in eastern Bryan County and light in Cleveland
County. (Okla. Coop. Sur.).

TICKS —- ALABAMA - Large numbers in some swampy areas of Hale County; controls
used twice this season on one herd. Large numbers collected from clothing of
persons walking in area. (Deavours, Chandler et al.). WISCONSIN - High numbers
persist particularly in Clark and Ashland Counties; peak passed in Rusk County.
(Wis. Ins. Sur.). UTAH - Attached to man working in Sanpete County grasshopper
outbreak areas. (Thornley, Knowlton). Normally numerous on range in northern
and central areas this spring. (Knowlton, June 14).

HOUSEHOLD AND STRUCTURAL INSECTS

EUROPEAN EARWIG (Forficula auricularia) - RHODE ISLAND - Heavy statewide.
(Mathewson et al.). CONNECTICUT — In home at New London. (Savos, June 16).

BLACK CARPET BEETLE (Attagenus piceus) - RHODE ISLAND - Infesting several
houses in Warwick, Kent County, and Providence, Providence County. (Veilleux,
Mathewson).

- 698 -

BENEFICIAL INSECTS

LADY BEETLES - CALIFORNIA -— Becoming more noticeable in cotton in Fresno County.
(Ferris, June 10). NEVADA - Ranged 5-8 per sweep in Denio, Humboldt County,
alfalfa seed fields. (Ferraro, Gallaway, Lundahl). WYOMING - Adults of several
species averaged 32 per 100 sweeps in alfalfa in Uinta, Lincoln, Teton, Sublette,
Sweetwater Counties. Averaged 41 per 100 sweeps in alfalfa in Fremont County.
(Marks). ARKANSAS - Lady beetles, primarily Hippodamia convergens (convergent
lady beetle), very numerous in cotton soybeans and alfalfa fields of State.

Few eggs and larvae present but adults mating; reproduction expected to increase.
(Ark. Ins. Sur.). MISSOURI - H. convergens and Coleomegilla maculata adults
common on corn plants in northeast and north central districts. (Houser et al.).
NORTH DAKOTA - Very numerous in alfalfa and on trees and shrubs where aphids
abundant. H. convergens and Adalia bipunctata (two-spotted lady beetle) dominant
species. (Frye, Thomasson). NEW YORK — Chilocorus stigma (twice-stabbed lady
beetle) and other species greatly reduced population of Phenacaspis pinifoliae
(pine needle scale) at Martville, Cayuga County. (N.Y. Wkly. Rpt., June 14).

MELYRID BEETLES (Collops spp.) - CALIFORNIA - Becoming more noticeable in cotton
in Fresno County. (Ferris, June 10).

ANTHOCORID BUGS (Anthocoris spp.) -— NEW MEXICO - Very abundant in small grain in
Eddy County. (Kloepfer). Ranged 8-10 per 25 sweeps in alfalfa in Corrales-
Sandoval area, Bernalillo and Sandoval Counties. (Heninger).

FLOWER BUGS (Orius spp.) - CALIFORNIA - O. tristicolor particularly abundant in
some cotton fields. (Leigh, June 9). ARKANSAS - 0. insidiosus numbers high in
cotton, soybeans and alfalfa; more than 200 per 100 sweeps collected on alfalfa.
Reproduction underway; nymphs and adults found in large numbers. Moisture supply
better at this time of year than in past 2 years. Beneficial insects may increase.
(Ark. Ins. Sur.). MISSOURI - O. insidiosus ranged 25-35 per 10 sweeps in alfalfa
in north central district. (Houser et al.).

BIG-EYED BUGS (Geocoris spp.) - CALIFORNIA - Particularly abundant in some cotton
fields. (Leigh, June 9). Low but increasing in Fresno County cotton. (Ferris,
June 10). ARKANSAS - G. punctipes active in cotton, soybeans and alfalfa in all
areas checked; reproduction underway; aduits, nymphs and eggs found. (Ark. Ins.
Sur.).

DAMSEL BUGS (Nabis spp.) - WYOMING - Adults averaged 44 per 100 sweeps in alfalfa
in Uinta, Lincoln, Teton, Sublette and Sweetwater Counties; averaged 64 per 100
sweeps in alfalfa in Fremont County. (Marks).

LACEWINGS - NORTH DAKOTA —- Present but not so abundant as lady beetles. (Frye,
Thomasson). CALIFORNIA - Becoming more noticeable in cotton in Fresno County.
(Ferris, June 10).

AN ICHNEUMON (Bathyplectes sp.) -— INDIANA - One cocoon recovered from Hypera
postica (alfalfa weevil) in heavily infested alfalfa field in Harrison County.
No releases made in area. (Chandler).

A PTEROMALID WASP (Pteromalus vanessae) - CALIFORNIA -— Heavy adult emergence from
chrysalides of Nymphalis antiopa (mourning-cloak butterfly) in Chula Vista, San
Diego County. (CalemiCooprehpte).

PARASITIC WASPS - NEVADA - Heavy in alfalfa seed fields in Denio, Humbodlit County,
and in Acyrthosiphon pisum (pea aphid) infested alfalfa fields in Lovelock,

Pershing County. (Ferraro, Gallaway, Lundahl).

- 699 -

MISCELLANEOUS INSECTS

JAPANESE BEETLE (Popillia japonica) - OHIO - First adults of season collected
June 5 in Athens County; collected June 15 in Licking County and June 16 in
Gallia County. (Walker, Rose). MICHIGAN - Survey traps placed June 14; trapping
areas to include Battle Creek, Detroit, Muskegon and rural Berrien, Monroe and
Washtenaw Counties. Total of 20,000 traps scheduled for position by early July.
(Rings).

WHITE-FRINGED BEETLES (Graphognathus spp.) - ARKANSAS - Adults recovered in
treated areas in Poinsett County. (Ark. Ins. Sur.).

HAIRY FUNGUS BEETLES - IOWA - Larvae 0.5 inch long noted in bulk milk tanks on
2 farms in Cherokee County. (Iowa Ins. Inf., June 14).

IMPORTED FIRE ANT (Solenopsis saevissima richteri) - FLORIDA - Adults found in
fresh water marsh making mounds about 3 feet high at Callahan, Nassau County.
(Ellis, June 1).

PAVEMENT ANT (Tetramorium caespitum) - CONNECTICUT - Swarming in many parts of

State. (Savos, June 19).

PERIODICAL CICADAS (Magicicada spp.) - PENNSYLVANIA - Brood V of 17-year race
emerging in numbers in southern part of Washington County. (Udine).

PAINTED LADY (Vanessa cardui) — NEVADA — Adult population heavy in Virgin Valley,
Clark County. (Cooney).

CECROPIA MOTH (Hyalophora cecropia) - NEW YORK - Males flying in Lewis and
Tompkins Counties. (N.Y. Wkly. Rpt., June 14).

A BEE FLY (Heterostylum robustum) - WASHINGTON - Ovipositing in alkali bee
emergence holes in Gardena area, Walla Walla County. (Johansen, June 11).

A SCATOPSID FLY (Scatopse fuscipes) - CALIFORNIA - Adults heavy in plum orchards
in Dinuba, Tulare County. (Cal. Coop. Rpt.).

SEED-CORN MAGGOT (Hylemya platura) -— IOWA -— Dead adults abundant on grapes,
evergreens, weeds and tall grass. (Iowa Ins. Inf., June 14).

CORRECTIONS

CEIR 15(17):394 - Change in the Scientific Name of a Springtail - Entomobrya
knaba (Wray) should read Entomobrya kanaba (Wray). Species name is misspelled
6 times in this paragraph.

CEIR 15(20):475 - CLOVER MITE (Bryobia praetiosa) should read BROWN WHEAT MITE
(Petrobia latens). Det. by L. D. White.

CEIR 15(23):575 and (24):609 - STRIPED CUCUMBER BEETLE (Acalymma vittata) should
read Acalymma vittatum.

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- 702 -

STATUS OF THE SCREW-WORM (Cochliomyia hominivorax) IN THE SOUTHWEST

During the period June 13-19, a total of 46 cases was reported in the Southwestern
Eradication area, as follows: TEXAS - Kenedy 1, Dimmit 3, Sterling 4, Zavala 3,
Edwards 1, Kinney 4, Maverick 3, Medina 3, Uvalde 8, Webb 1, Culberson 1, Frio 3,
Terrell 1, La Salle 1, Real 1, Wilson 1, Val Verde 3, Zapata 1, Atascosa 1, Glasscock 1,
Live Oak 1. ARIZONA - Graham 1, Cochise 5, Gila 1, Santa Cruz 2, Yuma 1. NEW MEXICO —-
Luna 1, Hidalgo 2. The Republic of Mexico reported 200 cases: Sonora 55, Chihuahua 25,
Coahuila 20, Neuvo Leon 7, Baja California 5, Territory of Baja California Sur 19,
Tamaulipas 6, Durango 32, Veracruz 11, Guanajuato 1, San Luis Potosi 19. Sterile screw-
worm flies released: Texas 19,116,250, Arizona 7,383,000, New Mexico 3,027,000, the
Republic. of Mexico 77,210,000.
TAAL aE Le Lae A Oa En ne Re eee ee Rat Lomo tf phosmitiviem Cases
Positive Cases Negative Cases to 100 Cases Negative

Year Current Cumulative Current Cumulative Current Cumulative

Table 1. Comparison of specimens reported during corresponding weeks in 1963 and
1964 in Southwestern Eradication Area. (1965 area figures include cases
reported from Arizona and/or California; 1964 figures reflect those from
the 5-State area).

1963 137 1,622 129 3, 757 106.20 3.43
1964 (0) 80 134 3,669 0.00 2.18
1965 59 224 161 2,809 36.64 MOM

Table 2. Comparison of specimens reported during corresponding weeks and in a

corresponding area in 1964 in the United States-Mexico Barrier Zone.*

1964 65 710 60 943 108.33 75.29
1965 181 1,914 62 1,089 291.93 175.15

Table 2A, Mexican portion of Barrier Zone only.

1964 58 656 35 344 65a: 190.69

1965 137 1,725 24 577 570.83 298.96

* Barrier Zone - Area in which screw-worm eradication operations are being carried
out in an effort to prevent establishment of self-sustaining screw-worm popula-
tion in the United States. (Anim. Dis. Erad. Div.)

Ww

* Sypnnnneontly
s

|

Figures - Number of cases reported
in infested counties for
period June 13 - 19
ommeeeeee Limits of fly drop areas

tuunrStrategic river releases

- 703 -

HAWAIIAN INSECT NOTES

The following notes on Hawaii insect conditions were presented at the May meeting
of the Hawaiian Entomological Society.

Specimens of a NOCTUID MOTH (Anomis flava (F.)) from Oahu were determined by

E. L. Todd. The species has been reported several times during the past year as
"Cosmophila flava (F.).' On Oahu, adults have been collected in light traps at
several localities and have been reared from larvae found feeding on culivated
hibiscus and hau. The species is a pest of cotton in Africa, (J. W. Beardsley).

Adults of a GEOMETRID MOTH (Cosymbia serrulata (Packard)) were reared from several
larvae found feeding in flowers of Acacia farnesiana and Leucaena glauca at Ewa,
Oahu. The larvae of this recently discovered immigrant species were small loopers
approximately 0.5 inch long when fully fed, and ranged from yellow-brown to green
in color, These are new host records for C. serrulata, (J. W. Beardsley).

CUBAN-LAUREL THRIPS (Gynaikothrips ficorum Marchal) - During the latter part of
March 1965, a banyan tree in Kailua, Kona, Hawaii, which had completely recovered
from a previous heavy infestation of this thrips,was observed. Upon close examina-
tion, an ant (Anoplolepis longipes Jerdon) was noted as numerous on the trunk,
branches and twigs of this banyan and was suspected as a possible predator of G.
ficorum. There was a moderate to heavy infestation of G. ficorum on another banyan
located on the shady side of a laundry building on the same property, but no ants
were present. To test the hypothesis of ant predation, banyan bouquets, infested
with thrips, were prepared and placed on the trunk of the ant-infested banyan, Two
observations were made, one in late afternoon, one the following morning. Neither
observation revealed predation by A. longipes; however, it is recognized that the
tests were very limited and, therefore, inconclusive. An anthocorid bug (Montan-
doniella moraguesi Puton) has not been released on Hawaii and there was no evidence
of this or other predators on the other infested Kailua banyan. In the absence of
actual predatory observations, it is suspected that the aggressive A, longipes may
have prevented G. ficorum from infesting the new growth and possibly repelled some
of the local enemies of G. ficorum. (C. J. Davis, W. C. Mitchell).

An ANTHOCORID BUG (Montandoniella moraguesi Puton) was recovered on Maui from
infested banyan material collected by N. Miyahira. The material was from banyan
trees located on the grounds of Baldwin High School in Wailuku. There is no
record of release of this anthocorid on Maui. This is a new record for Maui
County. (H. Nakao).

A TENEBRIONID (Gonocephalum adpressiforme Kaszab) was reported to have caused
considerable damage to seedlings of Acacia melanoxylon at the Waimea State Nursery.
Approximately 75 percent of seedlings in 4 seedling beds (4 feet by 300 feet)

were damaged. Seedlings were severed 2-3 inches above the ground, with damage
confined mostly to terminal shoots and branches. Although this ground beetle has
been reported damaging potato seedlings and ilima flowers, this is the first
record of damage to acacia. (D. Fullaway, H. Nakao).

A SPHECID WASP (Isodontia harrisi (Fern.)) was reported to have caused consider-
able trouble on Maui by building nests in nozzles of overhead sprinklers in cane
fields. This is a new island record as well as a new record for Maui County.

I. harrisi has been known on Oahu since 1930 but is normally very scarce. Several
nests of this wasp extracted from nozzles at Kahului and Lahaina had been pro-
visioned with nymphs and adults of a grasshopper (Conocephalus saltator
(Saussure)). (F. Bianchi).

A THRIPS (Kurtomathrips morrilli Moulton) was reported on its usual host plant
Pluchea odorata near Kanaha Pond, Maui, on April 26. This is a new county record.
The species has been recorded only from Oahu so far, Normally, the species is
predominantly wingless in both sexes, but on Maui an unusually large proportion
of the populations was winged. (F. Bianchi).

- 704 -

A MIRID BUG (Nesiomiris sp.) - What is probably a new species of this genus, was
found in great abundance on Reynoldsia sandwichensis located a few miles south of
Ulupalakua Ranch, Maui, on April 29. The leaves of several trees examined were
densely punctured and appeared to be severely discolored by the feeding of all
stages of this insect. According to E. C. Zimmerman (Insects of Hawaii, Vol.
3:217, 1948) this native genus of Miridae is represented by only one described
species, N. hawaiiensis Kirkaldy, which is probably confined to Hawaii.

(F. Bianchi).

A specimen of a BOMBYLIID FLY (Anthrax distigma Wied.) was collected from vanda
flowers at Hilo, Hawaii, on April 30, 1965. This constitutes a new county record
as well as a new record for the island of Hawaii. A. distigma has been reported
from Oahu, Kauai, Molokai and Maui. (B. Hu, G. Fukumura, E. S. Shiroma).

TOBACCO AND TOMATO CATERPILLAR (Spodoptera litura (F.)) adults were collected on
Pearl and Hermes Reef in the leeward Hawaiian Islands. Collection was made by

J. W. Beardsley on September 16, 1964. Determination was by E. L. Todd. This
is the first confirmed collection of S. litura in the Hawaiian Archipelago and
constitutes a new United States record. Approximately 12 adults of this noctuid
moth, also known as Egyptian cottonworm, were collected; most of these were
taken at light on Southeast Island and a few were taken during daylight on North
Island. This species is not known to occur elsewhere in the Western Hemisphere
or on the main Hawaiian Islands. There is evidence, however, that S. litura
has been present on Pearl and Hermes Reef, and possibly others of the leeward
islands, for a good many years. A single specimen, determined as "Prodenia
litura F. ?" by O. H. Swezey, was collected at Pearl and Hermes Reef by the
Tanager Expedition in 1923; and there is an earlier unconfirmed record from
Midway. A recently published record of a "Prodenia sp." from Kure Island
(Butler, G. D. 1963. Proc. Ent. Soc. Hawaii 18 (2) :241) very possibly involved

S. litura. (Beardsley).

A NOCTUID MOTH (Phlegetonia delatrix (Guenée)) was collected at the University

of Hawaii and elsewhere on Oahu at light beginning September 15, 1964. Deter-
mination was by E. L. Todd. This constitutes a new State record for this species
in Hawaii. P. delatrix has been recorded from India, Ceylon, Burma, Singapore,
Indonesia, New Guinea, Queensland, New Hebrides, Fiji and Samoa. In addition to
the numerous specimens collected on Oahu, a single specimen was taken on a Public
Health Department light trap at Hilo, Hawaii, in March 1965. (Beardsley).

POSTAGE AND FEES

UNITED STATES DEPARTMENT OF AGRICULTURE
U.S. DEPARTMENT OF AGRI

HYATTSVILLE, MD. 20781

OFFICIAL BUSINESS

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