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17

Ne 19 No.1 January 3, 1969

Cooperative

ECONOMIC INSECT
REPORT

Issued by

PLANT PEST CONTROL DIVISION
AGRICULTURAL RESEARCH SERVICE

UNITED STATES DEPARTMENT OF AGRICULTURE

AGRICULTURAL RESEARCH SERVICE

PLANT PEST CONTROL DIVISION

SURVEY AND DETECTION OPERATIONS

The Cooperative Economic Insect Report is issued
weekly as a service to American Agriculture. Its contents
are compiled from information supplied by cooperating State,
Federal, and industrial entomologists and other agricultural
workers. In releasing this material the Division serves as
a clearing house and dees not assume responsibility for ac-
curacy of the material.

All reports and inquiries pertaining to this release,
including the mailing list, should be sent to:

Survey and Detection Operations
Plant Pest Control Division
Agricultural Research Service
United States Department of Agriculture
Federal Center Building
Hyattsville, Maryland 20782

Volume 19 January 3, 1969 / Number 1

COOPERATIVE ECONOMIC INSECT REPORT

HIGHLIGHTS
Current Conditions
CORN LEAF APHID heavy on barley in Pecos County, Texas. (p. 3).

SOUTHWESTERN CORN BORER fall survey in corn indicates slow spread in Southeastern
Missouri. (p. 3).

PECAN WEEVIL damage significant in pecan orchards in Monroe County, Alabama,
(p. 4).

Detection

New State records include a BILLBUG in Rhode Island (p. 3) and a GRASSHOPPER in
Oregon (p. 7).

For new county records see page 7.

Special Report

® Insect Detection in the United States in 1968. Eight new Western
Hemisphere records reported. (pp. 8-16).

Reports in this issue are for week ending December 27 unless otherwise indicated.

ein Res

oe

CONTENTS
Special Insects. of “Regionale Sieniticanceru..1hers clove holes ouereleensterelehene secneceetoNens slam hone Nee
Insects Affecting
Corn, Sorghum, SEEDS acer seas Gita gsuocouuCaododds eliscenenelie lelletetclgerteake:
Smal Gr avliniSivretarsrsrste cieceltens Ohh iavelicuerenenans Sia, ORNAMeNntt al Siem deere erereraralekecereleierers Patina)
Turf, Pastures, Rangeland. Sea Yate clisy cite 3 Forest and Shade Trees....... oo ©
Forage LeESUMES cicicic. cre! erste sifeetelere SVowenedonchele 4) Manan! “Andaman var cccnelaicieke eccuere siscer sueeto
Colles Crop sSinnnwerererctccolene sens eisetst cuemencreuenene A “Stored! ProducGitSepmsers aceuevesene coh eleorstersneiete 5
Deciduous Fruits and Nuts............4
Beneficial InSeCUSiycceccs ce sis 6 Bald ones Coloten crore Ee eR ts af aacehe teers ionecusersteteretete AIO ao oO!
Federal and State Plant Protection Programs. GUO OO OU GO OOO OOD EOI OG:0.6.00.00 6
COGRECUMONS Eras stelenevsreiereterecerensdeliensicheeet oy Palas onensteveho tenets A retiapiodiawe va aren vawole teriavere ach eneire save eueteneneie
LL Shita Dap C Oke CETONS Ee ferevereisieriss elereteveteretereienel chai AS 6 Ov CIGD: O10'0 010-0 D0 sueltetene ene oll olenctenehenenens 6
INSSCESVDELSCE VOM oy epsners oie. seceheleisi(oeliane tovev st slve\fejelel eiereme sreloreevsleteverenshoberorons eteilellere er eiclecehoneRouemetoneme 7
Hawa ldeeln Se Cte Rep. onitersnccneselshsieneienciiercnerenenehenocensicltemexcieven sete aitclissemetelonenerenonstenene isn cieheneeens Sob odio
Insect Detection in the United States - TY acbkale eee AOA oa bo Ob.0 oe

WEATHER OF THE WEEK ENDING DECEMBER 30

HIGHLIGHTS: Winter gripped the Nation with snow, wind, and cold dominating the
weather, The northern half of the Country saw a "White Christmas."

PRECIPITATION: An intense storm whipped across the Great Lakes early in the
week. Heavy Snow squalls occurred in the lee of the Great Lakes and northwesterly
gales carried the snow to the Appalachians from Virginia to New England. Mean-
while a large Pacific storm lashed the Northwest with gales and heavy rain along
the coast and heavy snow in the inland valleys, the Cascades and Sierras, and
eastward across the Rockies to the western Great Plains. Christmas Day arrived
with a snow cover over the northern half of the Nation. On Thursday, moist
Pacific air fed the Pacific storm and heavy rain continued along the coast with
snow eastward to the Rockies. Moist air from the south produced widespread
precipitation east of the Rockies. Snow fell in the Northern States, freezing
rain or freezing drizzle occurred from the central Great Plains to Pennsylvania
and New York, and showers and thunderstorms from Oklahoma and Texas to the
Appalachians. A few tornadoes occurred Friday afternoon and evening from Texas
to Alabama, killing at least one person and injuring several in Mississippi. The
western storm supplied snow to the northern Rockies.

TEMPERATURE: Cold air penetrated far southward on Monday and Tuesday. Subzero
temperatures occurred in the southern Rockies on Monday with hard freezes from
the southwestern deserts to northern Florida. Christmas morning arrived with
subzero readings over much of the snow-covered Great Plains and the upper Midwest.
Bemidji, Minnesota, registered 33° below zero on Christmas morning. Montpelier,
Vermont, warmed to 9° below zero Thursday afternoon, Mild temperatures prevailed
on Christmas Day in the southern Great Plains and by Thursday, the central Great
Plains had warmed to the 60's which is a few degrees above normal for this time
of year, The warm weather moved eastward on Saturday with maximums reaching the
high 60's as far north as Maryland. The week ended with an arctic blast pushing
into the northern Rockies. The temperature at Great Falls, Montana, plunged to
40° below zero Sunday morning and warmed only to 33° below zero in the afternoon.
Most of Montana averaged 15° to 35° colder than normal, (Summary supplied by
Environmental Data Service, ESSA.)

= 3.5

SPECIAL INSECTS OF REGIONAL SIGNIFICANCE

CORN LEAF APHID (Rhopalosiphum maidis) - TEXAS - Heavy, 200-300 per row foot, on
3 to 5-inch-high barley near Coyanosa, Pecos County. (Neeb, Dec. 20),

NEW MEXICO - Ranged 10-50+ per row foot in barley checked in Roswell area,
Chaves County. (Mathews).

GREENBUG (Schizaphis graminum) - TEXAS - Generally light in small grain in pan-
handle area past week. Light to medium in Foard and Archer Counties. Damage
noted in some fields in Knox, Childress, Motley, and Stonewall Counties.

(Boring, Dec. 20.),. OKLAHOMA - Counts per row foot in wheat ranged 5-25 in

Mayes County and averaged 3 in Cimarron County. (Okla. Coop. Sur.). NEW MEXICO -
Averaged 2-12 per row foot in barley in Chaves County. (Mathews). CALIFORNIA -
Light on 20 acres of barley at Kerman, Fresno County. (Cal. Coop. Rpt.).

SPOTTED ALFALFA APHID (Therioaphis maculata) - ARIZONA - Averaged 800 per 100
sweeps in alfalfa at Yuma, Yuma County. riz. Coop. Sur.). NEW MEXICO - Light
in seedling alfalfa near Roswell, Chaves County. (Mathews), MISSISSIPPI -
Adults and nymphs light, 5-6 per square foot, in alfalfa field in Lee County.
(Dinkins, Dec. 20).

CORN, SORGHUM, SUGARCANE

SOUTHWESTERN CORN BORER (Diatraea grandiosella) - MISSOURI - Populations during
fall survey on corn about Same as in 1967 in crop reporting districts 7 and 9.

Percent girdled stalks ranged 5.2-17.8 (average 11.04) in district 7 (southwest)
and 8-30.4 (average 22.54) in district 9 (southeast) of State. Surveys indicate

slow spread in southeast area. (Munson), OKLAHOMA - Counts in cornstalks
showed 20 percent live larvae and 10 percent dead in Mayes County. (Okla. Coop.
Sur.).

SMALL GRAINS

ENGLISH GRAIN APHID (Macrosiphum avenae) - OKLAHOMA - Ranged 0-5 per row foot in

3 wheatfields in Mayes County. (Okla. Coop. Sur.).

TURF, PASTURES, RANGELAND

A BILLBUG (Sphenophorus minimus) - RHODE ISLAND - Found on orchard grass at
Gainer Dam in Scituate, Providence County, October 17, 1968. Collected by
J.E. Sheehan, determined by R.E. Warner. This is a new State record. (Field).

CHINCH BUG (Blissus leucopterus) - ILLINOIS - Infestations noneconomic during
fall survey in State. Ranged up to 187 per square foot (Douglas County) in 23
counties surveyed, State average 18.5. (Sturgeon, Dec. 20),

A MEALYBUG (Chorizococcus rostellum) - CALIFORNIA - Light on Panicum repens at
Los Angeles, Los Angeles County. (Cal. Coop. Rpt.).

BERMUDAGRASS MITE (Aceria neocynodonis) - CALIFORNIA - Medium on Bermuda grass
at Anderson, Shasta County. This iS a new county record. (Cal. Coop. Rpt.).

FORAGE LEGUMES

PEA APHID (Acyrthosiphon pisum) - MISSISSIPPI - Adults and nymphs heavy, 40-50
per square foot, in 10 acres of vetch in Oktibbeha County. (Dinkins, Dec. 20).
OKLAHOMA - Averaged 4 per square foot in alfalfa checked in Mayes County. (Okla.
Coop. Sur.). ARIZONA - Averaged 40 per 100 sweeps in alfalfa at Yuma, Yuma
County. (Ariz. Coop. Sur.). CALIFORNIA - Adults of this species and A. solani
(foxglove aphid) light on 2 acres of alfalfa at Fresno, Fresno County. (Cal.
Coop. Rpt.).

ALFALFA WEEVIL (Hypera postica) - WISCONSIN - Larvae and one adult collected on
alfalfa near Lowell, Dodge County, October 21. Determined by R.E. Warner.
This is a new county record. (Wis. Ins. Sur.).

LYGUS BUGS (Lygus spp.) - ARIZONA - Averaged 35 per 100 sweeps in alfalfa at
Yuma, Yuma County. (Ariz. Coop. Sur.).

FALSE CELERY LEAF TIER (Udea profundalis) - CALIFORNIA - Larvae light in 10-acre
alfalfa field near Kerman, Fresno County; some leaf feeding. (Cal. Coop. Rpt.).

COLE CROPS

VEGETABLE WEEVIL (Listroderes costirostris obliquus) - ALABAMA - Larvae very
heavy, 5-8 per row foot, in garden turnips in Lee County; about 20 percent of
garden affected. Some adults feeding. (McQueen) .

TURNIP APHID (Hyadaphis pseudobrassicae) - MISSISSIPPI - Light in several small
turnip patches in Oktibbeha and Winston Counties. (Dinkins, Dec. 20),

DECIDUOUS FRUITS AND NUTS

PECAN WEEVIL (Curculio caryae) - ALABAMA - Most larval damage ever in 55-acre
pecan orchard at Uriah, Monroe County, this season. Up to 4 tons of nuts
destroyed this year. Damage similar in several other orchards in area.
Continued to move further south in recent years, (Lemons, Dec. 20).

HICKORY SHUCKWORM (LaspeyreSia caryana) - ALABAMA - Overwintering larvae very
numerous, 2-3 per nut, in old pecan and hickory shucks under most trees,
especially untreated trees, in central and southern areas, Lighter in northern
area. (McQueen, Dec. 20).

EASTERN TENT CATERPILLAR (Malacosoma americanum) - ALABAMA - Egg masses 1-15
(several hundred eggs per masSS) per tree on Several apple and black cherry trees
in Lee County; egg masses mostly 1-3 per tree. (McQueen).

WOOLLY APPLE APHID (Eriosoma lanigerum) - ALABAMA - Overwintering populations
heavy on roots of all apple trees examined in Lee County. (McQueen) .

CITRUS

AN ARMORED SCALE (Unaspis citri) - FLORIDA - All stages few to severe on 800

sweet and sour orange nursery plants at Scottsmoor, Brevard County. (Levan,
Dec. 17).

ORNAMENTALS

EUONYMUS SCALE (Unaspis euonymi) - NEW MEXICO - Moderate to extremely heavy,
damaging euonymus in Albuquerque area, Bernalillo County; control difficult.
(Heninger).

A CONIFER APHID (Cinara tujafilina) - OKLAHOMA - Occasional small colonies
(10-12 per colony) on arborvitae at Pryor, Mayes County. (Okla. Coop. Sur.).

FOREST AND SHADE TREES

A PIT SCALE (Mycetococcus ehrhorni) - CALIFORNIA - Heavy on live oak at
Lafayette, Contra Costa County. (Cal. Coop. Rpt.).

MAN AND ANIMALS

SCREW-WORM (Cochliomyia hominivorax) - Total of 13 cases reported in U.S.
December 22-28 as follows: TEXAS - Duval 1, Hidalgo 1, La Salle 1, Starr 3,
Webb 5, Zapata 1, Unknown 1. Total of 139 cases reported in portion of Barrier
Zone in Republic of Mexico December 15-21 as follows: Territorio sur de Baja
California 30, Sonora 53, Chihuahua 10, Coahuila 15, Nuevo Leon 13, Tamaulipas
18. Total of 7 cases reported in Mexico south of Barrier Zone. Barrier Zone is
area where eradication operation underway to prevent establishment of self-
sustaining population in U.S. Sterile screw-worm flies released: Texas
27,168,000; Arizona 300,000; California 1,100,000; Mexico 26,000,000. (Anim.
Health Div.).

COMMON CATTLE GRUB (Hypoderma lineatum) - OKLAHOMA - Ranged 0-6 (average 4)
per head on 10 dairy cows in Mayes County. (Okla. Coop. Sur.). ARKANSAS -

Negative in cattle checked in northwest area. (Simco), ALABAMA - Larvae
appearing under skin along backline on a few cattle in central and southern
areas. No exit holes observed yet. (McQueen) ,

LONG-NOSED CATTLE LOUSE (Linognathus vituli) - MISSISSIPPI - Moderate to heavy
on about 50 cattle at cattle auction in Clay County. (Dinkins, Dec. 20).

A MOSQUITO (Culiseta inornata) - TEXAS - Very numerous around lights at night in
Jefferson County during November. (Thompson).

NORTHERN FOWL MITE (Ornithonyssus sylviarum) - ARKANSAS - Remains stable with
no Significant buildup in flocks checked in State, (Simco) ,

STORED PRODUCTS

POTATO TUBERWORM (Phthorimaea operculella) - MARYLAND - Heavy in stored potatoes
on farm near Annapolis, Anne Arundel County. (UE Md. Ent. Depts) <

GRANARY WEEVIL (Sitophilus granarius) - MARYLAND - Heavy in large crop of stored
barley on farm near Lisbon, Howard County. (U. Md., Ent. Dept.).,

BENEFICIAL INSECTS

CONVERGENT LADY BEETLE (Hippodamia convergens) - OREGON - Adults very numerous,
especially on tree trunks and fern foliage, near Lyons, Linn County. (Larson,
Dec. 20). ALABAMA - Small clump of 75-150 H. convergens hibernating in dead
grass and mulch in Lee County garden; some Coccinella novemnotata observed.
(McQueen) .

Sg

FEDERAL AND STATE PLANT PROTECTION PROGRAMS

CITRUS BLACKFLY (Aleurocanthus woglumi) - MEXICO - Biological Control Zone -
Inspected 25,680 trees on 404 acres at Victoria, Padilla, Guemez, and Hidalgo,
Tamaulipas. Captured 22,500 Prospaltella opulenta (a eulophid wasp) at Llera;
parasitism averaged 39 percent in 3 groves at Ocampo and 76 percent on 12
properties at Llera, Chemical Control Zone - Results negative on 28,373 trees
inspected on 440 acres in Matamoros district. Infested 340 trees on 1,133 acres
at Linares and Montemorelos, Nuevo Leon. First treatment applied to 136 trees,
the second to 586 trees, and third to 6,673 trees at Linares. Survey negative
in 1,874 trees inspected on 277 properties (367 acres) at Hermosillo and in 58
trees on 5 properties at Ensenada. (PPC Mex. Reg., Nov. Rpt.).

MEXICAN FRUIT FLY (Anastrepha ludens) - MEXICO - Sterile adult collections
totaled 3,727 females and 2,371 males in 350 traps at Tijuana, 4 in 60 traps at
Tecate, 904 in 150 traps at Ensenada, and 2,657 in 248 traps at La Paz. Made 3
pupal releases totaling 2,136,836 at Tijuana, 493,164 at Ensenada, and 2,160,000
at La Paz. Percent emergence averaged 83.1 at Tijuana and 85.6 at Ensenada.
(PPC Mex. Reg., Nov. Rpt.).

PINK BOLLWORM (Pectinophora gosSypiella) - MEXICO - Collected 37 larvae from
5,350 bolls inspected on 376 acres (10 fields) at Pitiquito and 544 larvae from
4,057 bushels of gin trash and 1,435 lint cleaners at Hermosillo, Sonora.
Collected 48 moths in 20 sex lure traps at Mexicali, Baja California.
Infestations averaged 13 percent on 2,925 acres (69 fields) at Mexicali and 4
percent on 1,790 acres (31 fields) at San Luis R.C., Sonora. Plowed up about
90 percent of stalks in Matamoros district, 20 percent of fields at Caborca, and
7 percent of fields at Hermosillo. (PPC Mex. Reg., Nov. Rpt.) . NEW MEXICO -
About half of larvae dead in green bolls examined December 20 in southern Eddy
County. (Mathews). Larval counts on lint cleaners in Dona Ana County

December 16-20 by area: La Union 5, Chamberino 32, Berino 1, Santo Tomas 2,
Del Cerro 11. (Hare).

WEST INDIAN SUGARCANE ROOT BORER (Diaprepes abbreviatus) - FLORIDA - Larvae

and adults light on commercial citrus in Apopka and Plymouth area, Orange County.
(Fla. Coop. Sur., Dec. 13),

CORRECTIONS

CEIR 18(49) :1099 - WASHINGTON - VETCH BRUCHID (Bruchus brachialis) - ... near
Bellingham, Skagit County, should read ... near Bellingham, Whatcom County.
(Harwood) .

CEIR 18(50) :1114 - SOFT SCALES - ARIZONA - Change Saissetia oleae to Saissetia
sp. (Ariz. Coop. Sur.).

CEIR 18(51):1143 - FLAT RED MITE - Add England to general distribution.

LIGHT TRAP COLLECTIONS

FLORIDA - Gainesville - 12/20-26, BL - Black cutworm (Agrotis ipsilon) 12,
granulate cutworm (Feltia subterranea) 11, yellow-striped armyworm (Prodenia
ornithogalli) 1.

HAWAII INSECT REPORT

Turf, Pasture - Larvae of a GRASS WEBWORM (Herpetogramma licarsisalis) up to 17
per square foot in 60 acres of Kikuyu grass pasture at Wailua Homestead and up to
21 per square foot in 40 acres of Kikuyu grass pasture at Kalaheo, Kauai. Adults
light in pastures and adjoining vegetation. Trichogramma Ssemifumatum ( a minute
egg parasite) parasitized 96 percent of eggs collected. (Sugawa). Larvae of a
NOCTUID MOTH (Meliana sp. near scottii) generally light, heavy in some areas, in
Bermuda grass on Sand Island, Oahu. (Olson, Shiroma) ,

General Vegetables - BEAN FLY (Melanagromyza phaseoli) heavy in young snap beans
in backyards at Waianae, Oahu, and Kahului, Maui; damage extremely heavy to leaf
petioles and stems. Generally light in larger commercial snap bean plantings at
Waianae and Waimanalo. (Yamamoto, Miyahira). TOBACCO FLEA BEETLE (Epitrix
hirtipennis) damage heavy to tomato foliage in field at Waianae, Oahu.
(Yamamoto) .

Fruits, Shade Trees - RED-BANDED THRIPS (Selenothrips rubrocinctus) nymphs and
adults heavy on mango foliage at Kahului, Maui; defoliation extremely heavy to
young leaves on many backyard trees. Also heavy on mango at Lahaina and Wailuku
and on Java-plum and false kamani in several areas. Larvae of a NOCTUID MOTH
(Phlegetonia delatrix) light and causing moderate damage on rose-apple (Eugenia
jambos) at Haiku, Maui, for a new host record. Damage also moderate on
mountain-apple and Java-plum, (Miyahira),

Beneficial Insects - Adults of a FIG WASP (Pleistodontes imperialis) heavy on
Port Jackson fig trees (Ficus rubiginosa) at Wahiawa, Oahu. Species introduced
from Australia in 1922 as a caprifier of Port Jackson fig. (Funasaki). SOURBUSH
SEED FLY (Acinia picturata) larvae infested 88 percent of sourbush (Pluchea
odorata) flower heads at Kahului, Kihei, and Waihee, Maui. (Ah Sam).

Miscellaneous Insects - Nymphs and adults of a RHOPALID BUG (Jadera haematoloma)
increasing on balloonvine along roadsides at Koloa, Kauai. (Sugawa) ..

INSECT DETECTION
New State Records

A GRASSHOPPER (Trimerotropis helferi) - OREGON - Collected on sand dunes near
Tahkenitch Lake, Douglas County, October 1 and five miles northwest of North
Bend, Coos County, October 2 by R.L. Westcott. Earlier collections include Sand
Lake, Tillamook County, and one mile north of Waldport, Lincoln County.
Determined by A.B. Gurney. Described from coastal dunes of northern California.
(Westcott).

A BILLBUG (Sphenophorus minimus) - RHODE ISLAND - On orchard grass at Gainer Dam
in Scituate, Providence County. Collected by J.E. Sheehan October 17, 1968.
Determined by R.E. Warner. (p. 3).

New County Records

BERMUDAGRASS MITE (Aceria neocynodonis) - CALIFORNIA - Shasta County. (p. 3).

ALFALFA WEEVIL (Hypera postica) - WISCONSIN - Dodge County. (p. 4).

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ADDITIONAL

Species

Acantholyda circumcincta

a pamphiliid sawfly

Aceria negundi
an eriophyid mite

Aculodes teucrii
an eriophyid mite

Aculops rhoicecis
an eriophyid mite

Aeoloplides tenuipennis
a grasshopper

Agriopodes fallax
a noctuid moth

Allygus mixtus
a leafhopper

Amphicerus bicaudatus
apple twig borer

Anicla infecta
a noctuid moth

Aphis caliginosa
an aphid

Apion longirostre
hollyhock weevil

Apocephalus antennatus
a humpbacked fly

Aspidiotus destructor
coconut scale

Asterolecanium bambusicola

a pit scale

Bathyplectes curculionis

an ichneumon wasp

Bibio townesi
a March fly

Bipersona ochrocentri
an aphid

Bombus appositus

a bumble bee

State

Florida

Arizona

California

Arizona

Oregon

Delaware

Oregon

Oregon

Arizona

Missouri

Montana

Nevada
Wyoming

Florida

Hawaii

Florida

Arkansas

West Virgi

Utah

Nevada

=o)

County

Okaloosa
Yavapai
Sacramento
Yavapai
Malheur
Sussex
Clackamas
Multnomah
Maricopa
Cole
Yellowstone

Washoe
Laramie

Alachua
Oahu 1/
Volusia
Sharp

Pocahontas
Kanawha

nia

Millard

Douglas

NEW STATE AND DISTRICT OF COLUMBIA RECORDS

Collected

on
Pinus clausa
boxelder

germander

Rhus trilobata

blacklight trap
blacklight trap
blacklight trap
laundry on
clothesline
dogwood

hollyhock

hollyhock
hollyhock

lampyrid
beetles

coconut

bamboo

Hypera postica

thistle

CEIR
Page
890
744
472
744
1142
908
713
533

953

68

533

647

890

1053

472

Species

Bombus centralis
a bumble bee

Bombus occidentalis
occidentalis
a bumble bee

Calomycterus setarius
a Japanese weevi

Camponotus pylartes
fraxinicola
an an

Cepaea nemoralis
banded wood snail

Cerococcus kalmiae
a pit Scale

Chaitophorus abditus
an aphi

Chortinaspis subchortina

an armored scale

Chrysops bishoppi
a deer fly

Chrysops niger taylori
a deer fly

Chrysops shermani
a deer fly

Chrysops wileyae
a deer fly

Cinara carolina
a conifer aphid

Cinara pinea
a conifer aphid

Coleotechnites thujaella

a gelechiid moth

Collyria calcitrator
an ichneumon wasp

Corythucha bellula
a lace bug

Cyrtepistomus castaneus
Asiatic oak weevi

Nebraska

Florida

Texas

Ohio

Utah

Arizona

Nevada

South Carolina

Minnesota

Nevada

Maryland

Maryland

Maryland

New York

Pennsylvania

Alabama

Arkansas

Wisconsin

County

Lander

Elko

Lancaster

Palm Beach

Galveston

Lake

Washington

Maricopa

Esmeralda

Georgetown

Cook

Lincoln

Anne Arundel

Carroll

Talbot

Chautauqua

Butler

Cleburne

Garland

Sauk

Collected
on

bindweed

bullhorn acacia

railroad
right-of-way
azalea

willow

St. Augustine
grass

Virginia pine

Scotch pine

arborvitae

Janus integer

hawthorn

homes

trees and
shrubs

house

1053

803

890

586

55

890

317

1041

1091

713

953

497

851

890

Species

Dendrothrips ornatus
privet thrips

Diabrotica virgifera
western corn rootworm

Diaspidiotus osborni
an armored scale

Dictyla echii
a lace bug

Draeculacephala inscripta

a leafhopper

Epitrix tuberis
tuber flea beetle

Esperanza texana
a coreid bug

Euceraphis mucida
an aphid

Euidella gerhardi
a delphacid planthopper

Eumarozia malachitana
an olethreutid moth

Eurycoccus blanchardii
a mealybug

Eutetranychus banksi
Texas citrus mite

Fiorinia externa
an armored scale

Gonatocerus mexicanus
a mymarid wasp

Graphognathus leucoloma
striatus

a white-fringed beetle

Graphognathus peregrinus
a white-fringed beetle

Hemerocampa pseudotsugata

Douglas-fir tussock moth

Hoplocampa brevis
pear sawfly

Hormops abducens
a weevil

State

California

Indiana

Maryland

Maryland

Virginia
West Virginia

New Jersey

California

South Carolina

Maryland

New Jersey

Delaware

Maryland

California

Rhode Island

Indiana

Missouri

Texas

Arizona

Maryland

North Carolina

County

Sonoma
Newton
Calvert
Frederick
Montgomery
Loudoun

Jefferson

Mercer

Siskiyou

Hampton

Baltimore

Cumberland

Kent

Montgomery

Imperial

Newport

St. Joseph

Dunklin

Newton

Gila

Baltimore

Wake

Collected
on
privet
corn
birch

Echium vulgare

Echium vulgare

Echium vulgare

beans

Coastal
Bermuda grass

blacklight trap
hickory

citrus

hemlock

farm

weeds

Douglas-fir
white fir
pear

squirrel
nest box

CEIR
Page
454
871
1078

647

647
647

497

1102

399

1091

497

211

871

472

243

983

682

953

744

340

586

Species

Hybomitra opaca
a horse fly

Hydroptila sp.
a caddisfly

Hypera postica
alfalfa weevil

Idiocerus decimusquartus

a leafhopper

Ips woodi
an engraver beetle

Iziphya flabella
an aphid

Jadera haematoloma
a rhopalid bug

Lecanium cerasorum
calico scale

Lecanium prunastri
globose scale

Limnophila laricicola

a crane fly

Longistigma caryae
giant bark aphid

Lopidea davisi
phlox plant bug

Loxosceles reclusa
brown recluse spider

Melanagromyza sSplendida
a leaf miner fly

Melanoplus siskiyou
a grasshopper

Melanotrichus virescens
a plant bug

Mesoleius tenthredinis
an ichneumon wasp

Monelliopsis tuberculata

an aphid

Musca autumnalis
face fly

= 19-4

State

North Dakota

Hawaii

Oklahoma

Texas

Oregon

Nevada
Missouri
Hawaii
District of
Columbia
Maryland
Maryland
Arizona
Nebraska
North Carolina
Arizona
Oregon

Oregon

West Virginia
Idaho

New Mexico
Utah

California

Nevada

County

Bowman
Oahu 1/
Delaware

Bowie

Benton

Elko

Oahu 1/

Montgomery
Worcester
Coconino
Lancaster
Forsyth
Yuma
Jackson
Tillamook
Hood River
Pocahontas

Franklin

Taos
Washington

Modoc

Elko

Collected CEIR
on Page
- 129
light trap 826
alfalfa 558
alfalfa 427
Populus alba 211
bolleana
Pinus flexilis 285
sedge 586
Cardiospermum 803
halicacabum

Carpinus betulus 871

plum 96
pond 262
sycamore 647
phlox 211
museum 533
safflower WS)
- 1142
- 851
Pristiphora 16
erichsonii
black walnut 243
black walnut 16
black walnut 360
cattle 427

ranger station 80

Species

Myzocallis castaneae
an aphid

Myzocallis melanocera
an aphid

Neodiprion pratti pratti

a conifer sawfly

Neophyllaphis podocarpi
an aphid

Neotoxoptera formosana
an aphid

Nuculaspis pini
black pine-leaf scale

Ochyromera ligustri
a weevil

Onychobaris millepora
a weevil

Orthotomicus caelatus
a bark beetle

Orthotylus chlorionis
a plant bug

Oulema melanopus
cereal leaf beetle

Oxycopis suturalis
an oedemerid beetle

Paroxyna albiceps
a tephritid fly

Patasson luna
a mymarid wasp

Pemphigus bursarius

Tettuce root aphid

Pentamerismus taxi
a false spider mite

Periplaneta brunnea

brown cockroach

Platytetranychus thujae
a Spider mite

Polydrusus sericeus
a weevil

Potamyia flava
a caddisfly

we ate

State

Maryland
Arkansas

West Virginia

Florida

Mississippi

Utah

Illinois

Virginia

Wisconsin

Delaware

Delaware

Kentucky

West Virginia

Delaware

Wisconsin

Illinois

North Carolina

Oregon

North Carolina

Missouri

Wisconsin

Maryland

County

Anne Arundel
Pulaski
Boone

Dade

Harrison

Cache

Du Page

Isle of Wight
Dane

Kent

New Castle
Boone

Wood

Kent

Door
Crawford
Wake
Multnomah
Wake
Macon
Dane

Prince
Georges

Collected CEIR
on Page
chestnut 317
oak 1078

Virginia pine 625

podocarpus 427
podocarpus 1142
dry onions 826
jack pine 285
lilac 533
Mirabilis 472
nyctaginca

blacklight trap 243

honey locust 586
oats 533
wheat 454

blacklight trap 340

cherry 1151
Hypera 129
postica

Lombardy 682
poplar

Irish yew 1053
house 285
arborvitae 497
elm 1078

blacklight trap 967

Species

Pselactus spadix
a weevil

Pseudocneorhinus
bifasciatus
a Japanese weevil

Psylla negundinis

boxelder psyllid

Pyrrhalta luteola
elm leaf beetle

Reduvius sonoraensis

an assassin bug

Reduvius vanduzeei

an assassin bug

Rhopalosiphoninus
latysiphon
an aphid

Rhydinofoenus floridanus

radleyi
a gasteruptiid wasp

Scymnus intrusoides
a lady beetle

Scyphophorus
acupunctatus
a weevi

Silvius notatus
a deer fly

Silvius quadrivittatus

a deer fly

Sphenophorus venatus
vestitus

a billbug

Sphragisticus nebulosus
a lygaeid bug

Stethophyma lineatum
a grasshopper

Tabanus sackeni
a horse fly

Tachypterellus
quadrigibbus magna

a weevi

Sa Ges

State

Georgia

Indiana

Maryland

Florida

Nevada

Nevada

Missouri

Wisconsin

Washington

‘Arkansas

Nevada

North Dakota

California

Delaware

Oregon

Delaware

Delaware

County

De Kalb

Knox

Montgomery

Duval

Clark

Clark

Pike

Dane

Grant

Crawford

Churchill

Slope

San Bernardino

Sussex

Klamath

New Castle

New Castle

Collected
on

pine
furnishing
mockorange,
privet, rose,
spirea,
weigela

boxelder

elm

light trap

light trap

rodent nest

golf course

lima beans
sphagnum
bogs

blacklight
trap

CEIR
Page

472

908

908

890

155

155

68

26

983

1151

890

129

967

285

1142

187

262

Species

Trachyphloeus

bifoveolatus

a weevi

Trogoderma parabile
a dermestid beetle

Trogoxylon aequale

a powder-post beetle

Xyleborus affinis
an ambrosia beetle

Xylosandrus germanus

a bark beetle

1/ Island records

SiGe

State

Pennsylvania

North Dakota

New Mexico

Oklahoma

Missouri

County

Erie

Cass

Socorro

McCurtain

Collected
on

home

barley seed

salt cedar

dead pine

Cape Girardeau dogwood

U.S. Dept. Agr.
Coop. Econ. Ins. Rpt.
19(1) :8-16, 1969

CEIR
Page

454

285

1151

26

826

ME in OF AGR : 4 ‘S 44 | . :
fi / all t oe NN. | POSTAGE AND FEES PAID
3; Maryland 20782.” | :

Co

SOEPARTMENT OF

ANNs

Lae Irsued ie

~~ VOL. 19 No.2 Me January 10, 1963

Co opera tive

ECONOMIC INSECT

sy. FEBORT-

“\ PLANT PEST CONTROL DIVISION

AGRICULTURAL RESEARCH SERVICE
UNITED STATES DEPARTMENT OF AGRICULTURE

AGRICULTURAL RESEARCH SERVICE

PLANT PEST CONTROL DIVISION

SURVEY AND DETECTION OPERATIONS

The Cooperative Economic Insect Report is issued
weekly as a service to American Agriculture. its contents
are compiled from information supplied by cooperating State,
Fedéral, and industrial entomologists and other agricultural
workers. In releasing this material the Division serves as
a clearing house and doesnot assume responsibility for ac-
curacy of the material.

All reports and inquiries pertaining to this release,
including the mailing list, should be sent to:

Survey and Detection Operations
Plant Pest Control Division
Agricultural Research Service
United States Department of Agriculture
Federal Center Building
Hyattsville, Maryland 20782

Volume 19 January 10, 1969 Number 2
COOPERATIVE ECONOMIC INSECT REPORT

HIGHLIGHTS

Current Conditions

NEOTROPICAL CORN BORER widespread on corn in lower Rio Grande Valley of Texas.
(p. 19).

GREEN PEACH APHID heavy on sugarbeets in Salt River Valley of Arizona, (pie2Z0) re

CABBAGE LOOPER medium and widespread on cole crops and lettuce in Rio Grande
Valley of Texas. (p. 20).

A MICROSPORIDIAN found infecting LARCH SAWFLY in Pennsylvania for first record
in U.S. (p. 20).

SOUTHERN PINE BEETLE heavy in southeastern Tennessee. (Gg Zk) os

Only one SCREW-WORM case reported in southwestern U.S. (p. 21).

Detection

New State records include GREENBUG, a MEALYBUG, and a NOCTUID MOTH in Nevada
(p. 19); a FLEA in Virginia (p. 21); and a STINK BUG in Missouri (p. 23).

For new county records see page 23,

Special Reports

The 1969 outlook for GRASSHOPPERS based on the 1968 adult survey. See center-
fold map.

State Survey Coordinators. (p. 24).

Cooperative Survey Entomologists. (p. 27).

Reports in this issue are for week ending January 3 unless otherwise indicated.

Peli ons

Soke Ss

CONTENTS
Special Insects of Regional Significance......... ekslicieelelevalohatetodsiaiar'ais sleetenereheneeteneteeLe
Insects Affecting

Corn, Sorghum, Sugarcane’. .....220.600..L9 Deciduous Fruits and Nuts........20
SmadalyG VawinS/crcseparercceneie) lic eieuetetersiareveteteketen lo Other Trop. & Subtrop. Fruits....20
Turf, Pastures, Rangeland......-..-el9 OVNAMEN TALS e cieiec coe evelsis ele eienenevenetonclaO)
FOTAGeS WeSUMES I! s:0i 010 o1e.c cle ciclo ise ejaievere ol O Forest and Shade Trees...........20
SUPATDE CIES Ei eveveleierciolerejereielovereleistofeiaiele lasers iO Man, and Amamal’S <i cicicpese cveleenc) creherotenotetetl:
Cole! Cropsicr. cies ie) cleciete ene aie ietevel creioucneneneiaaO) Miscellaneous Wild Plants........21
General VegetableS........ecceececee 20

Federal and, State Plant (Protection PLOSralmS 6 cj0 1s ereileleretecielecels e/shevele po lcite}ie feviene svefotenehoneney ere
Hawai SINS Cet ORE POM; seieceljsleieveke ie ror elle letellevele,(eiialel eValeyenerersieteispecellatele sisueleseee eketetoveponchemenenemerec
PNSECLPDETE CET ON Gio) cnc) onels olleite! ol ehele) elisie/olaiieliole sllajelersielieceratedcnelevenereelolsneteteXelets: clellshelorencnenoiol Renner ae)
PiUsthte Tra pr Codec ELON ci acsiesreseceieleieneleierelielovesele/eleiel sche oreleverekene) slenetelohehs cheleickeleleneierelskeletetenet ao)
State: Survey. COOTGI NAG OVS so crererercieiesc je oa. e)elelleiie 6).0:oie/a\ ec: 6; 10i\e:[o) ofelte;ei.c see. 5) sie’ of e\eha) olleosensmeken efoto
Cooperative Survey EntomologisSts< <.cicc «ice. ses) s/'e/ a) 0 0le/e1e)elelerole) see 6 sievelele*srchelolsrenetenel cl)
Grasshopper Adult Survey - Fall 1968 (map) centerfold.

WEATHER BUREAU'S 30-DAY OUTLOOK
JANUARY 1969

The Weather Bureau's 30-day outlook calls for temperatures to average below
seasonal normals over most of the Nation with greatest departures over the north-
west quadrant. Near normal temperatures are expected to prevail over the South-
west except for below normal in Pacific coastal areas. Precipitation is
predicted to exceed normal over most of the Nation, except for near to below
normal over the Pacific Northwest, southern Plains, and the extreme Southeast.
Owing to the cold temperatures predicted, more frequent than normal snows are
indicated in the northern two-thirds of the country and at higher elevations in
the West.

Weather forecast given here is based on the official 30-day "Resume and Outlook"
published twice a month by the Weather Bureau. You can subscribe through the
Superintendent of Documents, Washington, D.C. 20250. Price $5.00 a year.

WEATHER OF THE WEEK ENDING JANUARY 6

HIGHLIGHTS: Bitter cold covered most of the Nation from the Pacific Northwest to
the southern Appalachians. Gales and heavy snow combined with the frigid weather
in some areas.

PRECIPITATION: Four areas received notable precipitation during the week. Heavy
Yains fell along the middle gulf coast on December 30 and 31 with New Orleans,
Louisiana, receiving 2.55 inches and Mobile, Alabama, 4.99 in the 24 hours

ending at 7 a.m., e.S.t., December 31. Heavy snow fell in the Pacific Northwest
early in the week with 8 to 15-inch accumulations in the lowlands. Rains late in
the week combined with melting snow due to warmer temperatures caused the rivers
to rise to near or above flood stage. Gales blowing across the eastern Great
Lakes caused heavy snow in western New York. Some areas received 6 to 15 inches.
On Wednesday, 14 inches fell at Boonville, New York, in 10 hours. Some through-
ways and many side roads from Indiana to New York became clogged with snow and
highway travel, where possible, became hazardous. A Storm along the New England
coast produced rain along the coast and 1 to 6 inches of snow inland except 6 to
12 inches in northern Maine. No precipitation or only light sprinkles fell from
central and southern California to Oklahoma and western Texas. The northern Great
Plains received light snow early in the week and some snow, sleet, and rain over
the weekend. The amounts were generally of little importance except that they
Slowed highway travel. Weather of the week continued on page 23.

oS ity 5

SPECIAL INSECTS OF REGIONAL SIGNIFICANCE

GREENBUG (Schizaphis graminum (In broad sense))* - CALIFORNIA - Light on barley
plantings at Kerman, Fresno County. (Cal. Coop. Rpt.). NEVADA - One alate
collected from corn at Pahrump, Nye County. Collected by R. Yamashita and

D.F. Zoller June 14, 1968. Identified by R.C. Bechtel; confirmed by T. Kono.
This is a new State record. Found in October on barley in Nye County and in
Clark County for a new county record, One specimen collected on sorghum in Nye
County in November. (Nev. Coop. Rpt.). TEXAS - Light in panhandle area. Light
on wheat near Levelland, Hockley County. Heavy and widespread at Whiteflat,
Motley County, in late December. Many farmers applied controls before cold
weather retarded activity. Heavily infested 25 percent of fields inspected.
(Green, Pallmeyer). OKLAHOMA - Very light to absent in fields checked in several
northwestern and panhandle counties due to below zero temperatures the last of
December. (Okla. Coop. Sur.). KANSAS - None on wheat examined in Riley,
Pottawatomie, and Shawnee Counties. (Simpson). ARKANSAS - Survey negative in
northwest area January 2. (Boyer).

SPOTTED ALFALFA APHID (Therioaphis maculata) - ARIZONA - Ranged 60-1,320 per 100
sweeps of alfalfa at Yuma, Yuma County. (Ariz. Coop. Sur.).

CORN, SORGHUM, SUGARCANE

NEOTROPICAL CORN BORER (Diatraea lineolata) - TEXAS - Widespread on corn in lower
Rio Grande Valley. Infested average of 94.7 percent of stalks examined. Ten per-
cent of overwintering Diatraea determined this species. (Schuster).

SOUTHWESTERN CORN BORER (Diatraea grandiosella) - KANSAS - Percent infested
stalks by county: Coffey 12-52, Anderson 16-24. (Redding).

SMALL GRAINS

AN APHID (Rhopalosiphum padi) - CALIFORNIA - Light on barley plantings at
Kerman, Fresno County. (Cal. Coop. Rpt.).

TURF, PASTURES, RANGELAND

A MEALYBUG (Heterococcus pulverarius) - NEVADA - Specimens collected from
timothy at Smith, Lyon County, by F.C. Batchelder June 20, 1968. Determined
by R.F. Wilkey. This is a new State record. (Nev. Coop. Rpt.).

A NOCTUID MOTH (Heliothis paradoxa) - NEVADA - Larvae on Bermuda grass at

Overton, Clark County. Collected by R.P. Johnson May 27, 1968. Determined by
G.T. Okumura. This is a new State record. (Nev. Coop. Rpt.).

FORAGE LEGUMES

LYGUS BUGS (Lygus spp.) - ARIZONA - Swept 40 per 100 sweeps at Yuma, Yuma
County, CArizeaCoop. Sur.) .

BEET ARMYWORM (Spodoptera exigua) - ARIZONA - Averaged 10 per 100 sweeps on
alfalfa at Yuma, Yuma County. (Ariz. Coop. Sur.).

* According to recent taxonomic studies by L.M. Russell. This aphid on sorghum
appears to be this species.

= O0r=

SUGARBEETS

GREEN PEACH APHID (Myzus persicae) - ARIZONA - Heavy in many fields in Salt River
Valley, Maricopa County. Many damaging inside crowns. (Ariz. Coop. Sur.).

COLE CROPS

CABBAGE LOOPER (Trichoplusia ni) - TEXAS - Medium and widespread on cole crops
in Rio Grande Valley. Averaged 3.0 eggs and 0.6 larva per cabbage plant.
(Schuster).

GENERAL VEGETABLES

CABBAGE LOOPER (Trichoplusia ni) - TEXAS - Medium and widespread on lettuce in
Rio Grande Valley. Averaged 0.3 eggs and 0.04 larva per lettuce plant.
(Schuster).

DECIDUOUS FRUITS AND NUTS

SAN JOSE SCALE (Aspidiotus perniciosus) - ALABAMA - Overwintering forms light
to heavy on peach and apple trees examined in home orchards and on lawns in Lee
County. (McQueen).

OTHER TROP. & SUBTROP. FRUITS

A WEEVIL (Caulophilus latinasus) - CALIFORNIA - Larvae taken from avocado nursery
stock seeds at Santa Barbara, Santa Barbara County. (Cal. Coop. Rpt.).

ORNAMENTALS

FULLER ROSE WEEVIL (Pantomorus cervinus) - CALIFORNIA - Damaging azalea nursery
stock at Fallbrook, San Diego County. (Cal. Coop. Rpt.).

APHIDS - CALIFORNIA - VeSiculaphis caricis light on azalea nursery stock at Red
Bluff, Tehama County. Not widespread as yet. (Cal. Coop. Rpt.). ALABAMA -
Many adults and nymphs of Aphis spiraecola (spirea aphid) still on established
spirea plants in much of Lee County. Most alatae have deposited egg masses and
died; eggs 10-50 along many stems in top 2-6 inches of each branch. (McQueen).

CITRUS MEALYBUG (Planococcus citri) - CALIFORNIA - Heavy on Ruellia makoyana
nursery stock in Spring Valley, San Diego County. (Cal. Coop. Rpt.).

A FALSE SPIDER MITE (Brevipalpus lilium) - ALABAMA - Heavy buildup again on
older azaleas at Auburn and Opelika area, Lee County. Many plants rusty brown
and partly defoliated in mass plantings at older homes and some commercial
buildings. (McQueen).

FOREST AND SHADE TREES

LARCH SAWFLY (Pristiphora erichsonii) - PENNSYLVANIA - The microsporidian
Thelohania pristiphorae Smirnoff detected in cocooned larvae of P. erichsonii
collected near Renovo, Clinton County, in July 1968. T. pristiphorae determined
by W.A. Smirnoff. This is first published record of this microsporidian in the
United States. (Drooz). NEW YORK - Typical P. erichsonii oviposition injury
and feeding by first instars observed on Larix gmelini (Dahurian larch) at
Cooxrox Forest, Stephentown Center, Rensselaer County, August 11, 1963. Tree
species determined by D.B. Cook. This is a new host record. (Drooz).

SOS

SOUTHERN PINE BEETLE (Dendroctonus frontalis) - TENNESSEE - Overwintering adults
and larvae heavy in forest area [ow On mountain of Cades Cove in Great Smoky
Mountains National Park. This beetle and Ips sp. heavy on Atomic Energy Commission
lands at Oak Ridge; salvage operations underway. D. frontalis caused some heavy
losses in isolated spots of Roane County near Rockwood and Kingston area.
(Applegate, Dec. 23).

A SOFT SCALE (Ceroplastes sp.) - VIRGINIA - Light on sugar and silver maple
street trees in city of Alexandria. This is a new host record for State. Heavy
infestations on nearby plantings of various shrubs support earlier reports of
rapid spread and increase in northern area. (Weidhaas, Dec. 20).

OYSTERSHELL SCALE (Lepidosaphes ulmi) - CALIFORNIA - Heavy on Lombardy poplar

tree nursery stock at Watsonville, Santa Cruz County. (Cadi; Coop. Rpts!)

LONG-TAILED MEALYBUG (Pseudococcus longispinus) - CALIFORNIA - Heavy on Indialaurel
fig (Ficus retusa) in several blocks of street plantings at San Francisco,
San Francisco County. (Cal. Coop. Rpt.).

MAN AND ANIMALS

SCREW-WORM (Cochliomyia hominivorax) - One case reported in U.S. December 29,

1968 - January 4, 1969, as follows: TEXAS - Starr 1. Total of 175 cases reported
in portion of Barrier Zone in Republic of Mexico December 23-28 as follows:
Territorio sur de Baja California 81, Sonora 59, Chihuahua 3, Coahuila 9, Nuevo
Leon 10, Tamaulipas 13. Total of 7 cases reported in Mexico south of Barrier
Zone. Barrier Zone is area where eradication operation underway to prevent
establishment of self-sustaining population in U.S. Sterile screw-worm flies
released: Texas 26,568,000; Mexico 25,596,000. (Anim. Health Div.).

CATTLE GRUBS (Hypoderma spp.) - KANSAS - Infestations in slaughtered cattle
ranged 4-20 percent in southwest area during September, October, and November.
Loss estimated from $2,000 to $6,000 per month at 2 packing plants. (Simpson).
OKLAHOMA - H. lineatum (common cattle grub) moderate on Craig County cattle.
(Okla (Coope Sure cian

STABLE FLY (Stomoxys calcitrans) - MISSISSIPPI - Active in stalls of penned Here-
ford bulls in Oktibbeha County; average of 6-10 flies per stall.(Dinkins, Dec. 27).

A FLEA (Chaetopsylla lotoris) - VIRGINIA - Female collected on gray fox in
Amherst County November 28, 1968. Determined by J,G. Humphreys. This is a
new State record. (Amos).

MISCELLANEOUS WILD PLANTS

A WEEVIL (Hypera compta) - MISSOURI - Collected at Amazonia, Andrew County, by
R.E. Munson May 9, 1968. Collected at Carrollton, Carroll County, by B. Puttler
May 9; determined by R.E. Warner. Later collected at Clifton Hill, Randolph
County, by B. Puttler and S. Thewke. Polygonum sp., host at all collection
sites. These are new county records. (Munson).

A WEEVIL (Hypera eximius) - MISSOURI - Collected on Rumex sp. at Amazonia,
Andrew County, by R.E. Munson and at Salisbury, Chariton County, by B. Puttler
and S. Thewke. These are new county records. (Munson).

= 208—

FEDERAL AND STATE PLANT PROTECTION PROGRAMS

CARIBBEAN FRUIT FLY (Anastrepha suspensa) - FLORIDA - Collected larvae from
fruits of calamondin at Georgiana December 19 and adults at Melbourne and Eau
Gallie December 18 in Brevard County, (Levan). Adults collected at Nokomis,
Sarasota County (Hiatt, Dec. 16), and at Tampa, Hillsborough County (Krouse,
Dec. 13).

IMPORTED FIRE ANT (Solenopsis saevissima richteri) - TEXAS - Adults light at
Groveton, Trinity County. Collected by H.J. Henderson and W.T. Williamson
December 11. Adults light at Wells, Cherokee County. Collected by W.E. Jackson
and C.M.E. Lovett December 16. Determined by D.R. Smith. These are new

county records. (PPC).

PINK BOLLWORM (Pectinophora gossypiella) - NEW MEXICO - Twenty-seven larvae from
177 bales of cotton on lint Cleaners from 6 gins in southwest area. (Hare).
Cocoons on cotton roots in Dona Ana County much lighter than at same period in
1967. Heaviest infestation in southern Dona Ana County averaged 3 cocoons per
10 feet of row on December 30. Of 29 cocoons examined, 15 larvae were alive and
14 dead. (Campbell, Nielsen).

HAWAII INSECT REPORT

Turf, Pasture - A GRASS WEBWORM (Herpetogramma licarsisalis) damage moderate to
Kikuyu grass pasture at Kaupakulua, Maui; larvae and damage light in Kikuyu grass
pasture at Ulupalakua. On Oahu, larvae per square foot ranged 2-5 in infested
lawns and parks at Honolulu, 2-7 in lawns and pastures in windward area, and 1-4
in lawns at Wahiawa. (Ah Sam, Nakao),

General Vegétables - CARMINE SPIDER MITE (Tetranychus cinnabarinus) trace to
light on tomatoes, eggplants, snap beans, and cucumbers in most fields throughout
Oahu. Will remain low until spring. (Yamamoto). GREENHOUSE WHITEFLY
(Trialeurodes vaporariorum) adults heavy on 9 acres of tomatoes at Kona, Hawaii
Island, at 1,000 to 1,500 feet elevation. Continues moderate to heavy on snap
beans in several lowland fields on Oahu. (Nakao, Sato).

Fruits - Heavy infestations of BARNACLE SCALE (Ceroplastes cirripediformis)
spread from 10 to 30 acres on passionfruit farm at Kahului, Maui. Parasitic
EULOPHID WASPS (Aneristus ceroplastae and Tetrastichus sp.) very active in rest
of lightly infested 120 acres. (Miyahira). A MEALYBUG (Pseudococcus obscurus)
remains light, moderate in few areas, on 150 acres of passionfruit at Kahului,
Maui. Larvae and pupae of a LADY BEETLE (Cryptolaemus montrouzieri) numerous
where mealybug infestation moderate. (Miyahira) .

Beneficial Insects - Adults of a WATER SCAVENGER BEETLE (Sphaeridium scarabaeoides)
heavy in pastures at Kalaheo, Kauai; aS many as 12 per dung heap. Introduced

from Germany in 1909 to help control horn fly (Haematobia irritans) and other
dipterous maggots. (Sugawa).

Miscellaneous Insects - CLUSTER FLY (Pollenia rudis) adults heavy in pastures,
Swarming in Kona and North and South Kohala districts on Hawaii Island; causing
annoyance by entering homes, (Yoshioka, Kobayashi).

UNITED STATES DEPARTI
AGRICULTURAL RI
PLANT PEST CON

TO COOPERATORS:
This map is based upon the results of cooperative grasshopper adult surveys made during the
an area, and indicates the potential severity of infestations for 1969. Nymphal surveys, made in tl

necessary in 1969.

Control on grasshopper infested croplands will be handled by the farmers with technical assi:
in 15 Western and Midwestern States. Areas on the map are diagrammatic. Within these areas, infi

RANGELAND GRASSHOPPER INFESTATIO

(AREAS SHO

LANDOWNERSHIP — ACRES

REGION
AND
STATE
Private and State Public Domain
CENTRAL
Kansas 10,000 ——
Nebraska 10,000
WESTERN
Arizona 5,000 17,500 22,500
California 216,070 16,367 232,437
Colorado 162,000 20,000 182,000
Idaho 34,500 88,000 122,500
Montana 563,400 465,300 1,028,700
Nevada 69,110 131,335

The survey was planned and performed by the Plant Pest Control Division, Agricultural Research Se

th ei
Arcata

Stee

She

ent

——

Sus ¢

WN) 3.107 GRASSHOPPERS PER SQUARE YARD \_

JRA Lh lh —1OGS8

MMMM 8 OR MORE GRASSHOPPERS PER SQUARE YARD Mie

<2 GRASSHOPPER ADULT SURVEY

oo

=/

Ware

eau S L
Ne

77 ee

MENT OF AGRICULTURE
:SEARCH SERVICE
ITROL DIVISION

late summer and fall of 1968. The survey reveals where and how many grasshoppers infest
ae spring, determine population densities, and indicate those areas where control may be

stance from Division and State personnel. The infested rangeland areas total 9,362,562 acres
2stations may be solid or spotted.

NS — ACREAGE BY REGIONS, FALL 1968

WN IN RED)

LANDOWNERSHIP — ACRES

REGION
AND
STATE

Private and State Public Domain

New Mexico 1,431,180 78,000 1,509,180
Oregon 23,400 1,200 24,600
Utah 107,050 17,100 124,150
Washington 16,000 4,000 20,000
Wyoming 927,720 236,580 1,164,300
SOUTHERN
Oklahoma 687,000 === 687,000
| Texas 4,093,860 = 4,093,860

rvice, in cooperation with various State agencies concerned. GPO 976-689

5 ey

INSECT DETECTION
New State Records

A STINK BUG (Banasa euchlora) - MISSOURI - Moving into a Camden County residence
for overwintering. Collected by W.S. Craig and R.E. Munson December 31, 1968.
Determined by W.S. Craig. (Munson).

GREENBUG (Schizaphis graminum) - NEVADA - One alate on corn at Pahrump, Nye
County. Collected by R. Yamashita and D.F. Zoller June 14, 1968. Identified by
R.C. Bechtel; confirmed by T. Kono. (p. 19).

A MEALYBUG (Heterococcus pulverarius) - NEVADA - On timothy at Smith, Lyon County.
Collected by F.C. Batchelder June 20, 1968. Determined by R.F. Wilkey. @. 19).

A NOCTUID MOTH (Heliothis paradoxa) - NEVADA - Larvae on Bermuda grass at
Overton, Clark County. Collected by R.P. Johnson May 27, 1968. Determined by
G.T. Okumura. (p. 19).

A FLEA (Chaetopsylla lotoris) - VIRGINIA - Female collected on gray fox in
Amherst County November 28, 1968. Determined by J.G. Humphreys. (p. 21).

New County Records
GREENBUG (Schizaphis graminum) - NEVADA - Clark County. (p. 19).

A WEEVIL (Hypera compta) - MISSOURI - Andrew, Carroll, .and Randolph Counties.
(peg21)

A WEEVIL (Hypera eximius) - MISSOURI - Andrew and Chariton Counties. (p. 21).

IMPORTED FIRE ANT (Solenopsis saevisSima richteri) - TEXAS - Cherokee and
Trinity Counties. (p. 22).

LIGHT TRAP COLLECTIONS

FLORIDA - Gainesville - 12/27-1/2, BL - Armyworm (Pseudaletia unipuncta) 3,
black cutworm (Agrotis ipsilon) 7, granulate cutworm (Feltia subterranea) 8,
yellow-striped armyworm (Prodenia ornithogalli) 3.

Weather of the week continued from page 18.

TEMPERATURE: Frigid arctic air gripped much of the Nation during the past week.
Subzero cold invaded the Cascades in Oregon and Washington on Wednesday, across
the northern Rockies and northern Great Plains to the Great Lakes on several days,
as far south as the Ozark Mountains in Missouri on the 4th and in the southern
Appalachians on the 5th. Moscow, Idaho, airport registered 50° below zero on
December 30, this being the coldest temperature ever recorded in Idaho in
December. Oregon reported the coldest weather in 40 years on December 30 and 31.
Subzero temperatures were recorded in more than 30 States and most of those

States averaged 12° to 21° below normal. Two warmer-than-normal areas were noted.
A warming trend in Nevada produced above-normal average temperatures and Chinooks
on the eastern slope of the central Rockies on January 1 warmed the nearby plains
to the high 50's and low 60's. (Summary supplied by Environmental Data Service,
ESSA.)

UNITED STATES DEPARTIMENT OF AGRICULTURE .
AGRICULTURAL RESEARCH SERVICE
PLANT PEST CONTROL DIVISION

TO COOPERATORS:

This map is based upon the results of cooperative grasshopper adult surveys made during the late summer and fall of 1968. The survey reveals where and how many grasshoppers infest
an area, and indicates the potential severity of infestations for 1969. Nymphal surveys, made in the spring, determine population densities, and indicate those areas where control may be

necessary in 1969.
t

Control on grasshopper infested croplands will be handled by the farmers with technical assistance from Division and State personnel. The infested rangeland areas total 9,362,562 acres
in 15 Western and Midwestern States. Areas on the map are diagrammatic. Within these areas, infestations may be solid or spotted.

t)

RANGELAND GRASSHOPPER INFESTATIONS — ACREAGE BY REGIONS, FALL 1968

(AREAS SHOWN IN RED)

LANDOWNERSHIP — ACRES

LANDOWNERSHIP — ACRES

REGION REGION
AND aan TOTAL
STATE SAME

Private and State Public Domain

Private and State

CENTRAL

Public Domain

Kansas New Mexico 1,431,180 78,000 1,509,180

Nebraska Oregon 23,400 1,200 24,600
Utah 107,050 17,100 124,150
Washington 16,000 4,000 20,000

WESTERN Wyoming 927,720 236,580 1,164,300

Arizona

California

Colorado SOUTHERN

Idaho Oklahoma 687,000 === 687,000

Montana Texas 4,093,860 === 4,093,860

Nevada

«
The survey was planned and performed by the Plant Pest Control Division, Agricultural Research Service, in cooperation with various State agencies concerned.

GPO 976-689

N

ee een

ie

ere,

Alabama

Alaska

Arizona

Arkansas

California

Colorado

Connecticut

Delaware

Florida

Georgia

Hawaii

Idaho

Illinois

Indiana

Iowa

Kansas

Kentucky

Louisiana

Maine

Maryland

= 24 —

STATE SURVEY COORDINATORS

Dr. F. S. Arant, Head, Department of Zoology-Entomology, Auburn
University, Auburn 36830

Dr. Richard H. Washburn, Entomology Department, Agricultural
Experiment Station, Palmer 99645

Dr. J. N. Roney, Extension Entomologist, University of Arizona,
P. O. Box 751, Phoenix 85001

Dr. James E. Roberts, Extension Entomologist, 201 Agricultural
Engineering Bldg., University of Arkansas, Fayetteville 72701

Mr. R. W. Harper, Chief, Bureau of Entomology, California
Department of Agriculture, Sacramento 95814

Dr. W. D. Fronk, Head, Department of Entomology, Colorado
State University, Fort Collins 80521

Vacancy

Dr. Dale F. Bray, Head, Department of Entomology and Applied
Ecology, University of Delaware, Newark 19711

Mr. H. L. Jones, Director, Division of Plant Industry, Florida
Department of Agriculture, P. O. Box 1269, Gainesville 32601

Mr. Carl M. Scott, Jr., Director, Division of Entomology,
Georgia Department of Agriculture, 19 Hunter Street, Atlanta
30334

Mr. C. J. Davis, Chief, Entomology Branch, Hawaii State Depart-—
ment of Agriculture, P. O. Box 5425, Honolulu 96814

Dr. A. R. Gittins, Acting Head, Department of Entomology,
University of Idaho, Moscow 83843

Dr. H. B. Petty, Jr., Extension Entomologist, Illinois Agricul-
tural Extension Service, 280 Natural Resources Building, Urbana
61801

Dr. John V. Osmun, Head, Department of Entomology, Purdue Uni-
versity, Lafayette 47907

Dr. Oscar E. Tauber, Acting Survey Coordinator, Chairman,
Department of Zoology and Entomology, 253 Science Building,
Iowa State University, Ames 50010

Dr. Herbert Knutson, Head, Department of Entomology, Waters
Hall, Kansas State University, Manhattan 66502

Vacancy

Dr. L. D. NewSom, Head, Department of Entomology, Louisiana
State University, Baton Rouge 70803

Dr. G. W. Simpson, Head, Department of Entomology, University
of Maine, Orono 04473

Dr. W. C. Harding, Jr., Extension Entomologist, Department of
Entomology, University of Maryland, College Park 20742

Massachusetts

Michigan

Minnesota

Mississippi

Missouri

Montana
Nebraska
Nevada

New Hampshire
New Jersey

New Mexico

New York

North Carolina

North Dakota
Ohio
Oklahoma

Oregon

Pennsylvania

Puerto Rico

= 25 -

Dr. Ellsworth H. Wheeler, Acting Survey Coordinator, Department
of Entomology and Plant Pathology, Fernald Hall, University of
Massachusetts, Amherst 01002

Dr. Gordon E. Guyer, Head, Department of Entomology, Michigan
State University, East Lansing 48823

Mr. Clare D. Floyd, Director, Division of Plant Industry,
Minnesota Department of Agriculture, State Office Building,
St. Paul 55101

Dr. F. G. Maxwell, Head, Department of Entomology, Mississippi
State University, State College 39762

Dr. W. S. Craig, Extension Entomologist, Department of Ento-
mology, 1-87 Agriculture Building, University of Missouri,
Columbia 65201

Dr. J. H. Pepper, Head, Department of Zoology and Entomology,
Montana State University, Bozeman 59715

Dr. Earle S. Raun, Chairman, Department of Entomology, Univer-
sity of Nebraska, Lincoln 68503

Mr. Lee M. Burge, Executive Director, Division of Plant Industry,
Nevada Department of Agriculture, P. O. Box 1209, Reno 89504

Dr. J. G. Conklin, State Entomologist, University of New
Hampshire, Nesmith Hall, Durham 03824

Dr. B. B. Pepper, Chairman, Department of Entomology, College
of Agriculture, Rutgers University, New Brunswick 08903

Dr. G. W. Nielsen, Chief, Division of Plant Industry, State
Department of Agriculture, New Mexico State University,
University Park Box 189, Las Cruces 88001

Dr. A. A. Muka, Extension Entomologist, Department of Entomology
and Limnology, College of Agriculture, Cornell University,
Ithaca 14840

Dr. Gerald T. Weekman, Extension Entomologist, North Carolina
State University, P. O. Box 5212, State College Station,
Raleigh 27607

. Dr. J. R. Dogger, Chairman, Department of Entomology, North

Dakota State University, Fargo 58102

Dr. Roy W. Rings, Ohio Agricultural Research and Development
Center, Wooster 44691

Dr. D. E. Howell, Head, Department of Entomology, Oklahoma
State University, Stillwater 74074

Mr. George H. Moose, Chief, Plant Division, Oregon State
Department of Agriculture, Agriculture Building, 635 Capital,
N.E., Salem 97310

Mr. Stanley Gesell, Extension Entomologist, 200 Walker Labora-
tory, Pennsylvania State University, University Park 16802

Agricultural Experiment Station, University of Puerto Rico,
Rio Piedras 00928

=o Gme

Rhode Island Dr. F. L. Howard, Chairman, Department of Plant Pathology and
Entomology, University of Rhode Island, Kingston 02881

South Carolina Mr. W. C. Nettles, Leader, Extension Entomology and Plant
Disease Work, Clemson University, Clemson 29631

South Dakota Dr. R. J. Walstrom, Head, Department of Entomology and Zoology,
South Dakota State University, Brookings 57006

Tennessee Mr. H. L. Bruer, Director, Division of Plant Industry, State
Department of Agriculture, P. O. Box 9039, Nashville 37204

Texas Dr. P. L. Adkisson, Head, Department of Entomology, Texas A&M
University, College Station 77843

Utah Dr. George F. Knowlton, Extension Entomologist, Utah State
University, Logan 84321

Vermont Mr. John W. Scott, Director, Division of Plant Pest Control,
Vermont Department of Agriculture, Montpelier 05602

Virginia Dr. J. M. Grayson, Head, Department of Entomology, Virginia
Polytechnic Institute, Blacksburg 24061

Washington Dr. Robert F. Harwood, Chairman, Department of Entomology,
Washington State University, Pullman 99164

West Virginia Dr. C. K. Dorsey, Professor of Entomology, 2066 Agricultural
Science Building, West Virginia University, Morgantown 26506

Wisconsin Mr. Philip W. Smith, WDA-Plant Industry Division, Hill Farms
State Office Building, Room 202B, Madison 53702

Wyoming Mr. C. C. Burkhardt, Professor, Plant Science Division,
University of Wyoming, Box 3354 University Station,
Laramie 82070

Revised January 10, 1969

U.S. Dept. Agr.
Coop. Econ. Ins. Rpt.
19(2) :24-26, 1969

Alabama

Arizona

Arkansas

California

Colorado

Delaware

Florida

Hawaii

Illinois

Indiana

Iowa

Kansas

Maryland

Michigan

Minnesota

Mississippi

Missouri

Nebraska

Nevada

New Mexico

North Carolina

- 27 -

COOPERATIVE SURVEY ENTOMOLOGISTS

Mr. H. Frank McQueen, Cooperative Extension Service, Auburn
University, Auburn 36830

Mr. Judson May, State Capitol Annex, P. O. Box 6189, Phoenix
85005

Mr. W. P. Boyer, Department of Entomology, University of
Arkansas, Fayetteville 72701

Mr. Ronald M. Hawthorne, California Department of Agriculture,
1220 N Street, Sacramento 95814

Mr. Timm E. Johnson, Department of Entomology, Colorado
State University, Fort Collins 80521

Modified Agreement

Mr. Frank W. Mead, Division of Plant Industry, Florida
Department of Agriculture, P. O. Box 1269, Gainesville 32601

Mr. George Funasaki, Hawaii State Department of Agriculture,
P. O. Box 5425, Honolulu 96814

Mr. Stephen M. Sturgeon, Illinois Natural History Survey,
280 Natural Resources Building, Urbana 61801

Mr. Roger T. Huber, Department of Entomology, Purdue Univer-
Sity, Lafayette 47907

Mr. Gale B. Mast, Department of Zoology and Entomology, Iowa
State University, Ames 50010

Mr. John H. Simpson, Department of Entomology, Kansas State
University, Manhattan 66502

Mr. John L. Hellman, Department of Entomology, Michigan State
Maryland, College Park 20742

Dr. Ray L. Janes, Department of Entomology, Michigan State
University, East Lansing 48823

Mr. Robert Flaskerd, Division of Plant Industry, Minnesota
Department of Agriculture, 670 State Office Building,
St. Paul 55101

Modified Agreement

Dr. Ralph E. Munson, Department of Entomology, 1-87 Agricul-
ture Building, University of Missouri, Columbia 65201

Mr. David L. Keith, Extension-Survey Entomologist, Plant
Industry 201-A, East Campus, University of Nebraska, Lincoln
68503

Mr. Robert C. Bechtel, Nevada Department of Agriculture,
P. O. Box 1209, Reno 89504

Modified Agreement

Vacancy

North Dakota

Ohio

Oklahoma

Oregon

Rhode Island

South Dakota

Tennessee

Texas

Virginia

Washington

Wisconsin

Wyoming

- 28 -
Mr. William J. Brandvik, Assistant State Entomologist, Office
of State Entomologist, State University Station, Fargo 58102
Vacancy

Mr. Don C. Arnold, Department of Entomology, Oklahoma State
University, Stillwater 74074

Mr. Richard L. Westcott, Plant Division, Oregon State Department
of Agriculture, Agriculture Building, Salem 97310

Modified Agreement

Dr. P. A. Jones, Entomology-Zoology Department, South Dakota
State University, Brookings 57006

Mr. R. B. Quillin, Division of Plant Industries, Department of
Agriculture, P. O. Box 9039, Nashville 37204

Mr. Lambert R. Green, Department of Entomology, Texas A&M
University, College Station 77843

Mr. William Allen, Department of Entomology, Virginia
Polytechnic Institute, Blacksburg 24061

Modified Agreement

Mr. Marlin §S. Conrad, WDA-Plant Industry Division, Hill Farms
State Office Building, Room 202B, Madison 53702

Mr. Arnold E. Parshall, Plant Science Division, University of
Wyoming, Box 3354 University Station, Laramie 82070

Revised January 10, 1969

U.S. Dept. Agr.
Coop. Econ. Ins. Rpt.
19(2) :27-28, 1969

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OSTAGE AND FEES PA
PARTMENT OF" 4 >

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o77 VOL.19 No. 3 January 17, 1969

BR :

Cooperative

ECONOMIC INSECT
REPORT.

p Issued by

PLANT PEST CONTROL DIVISION
AGRICULTURAL RESEARCH SERVICE

UNITED STATES DEPARTMENT OF AGRICULTURE

AGRICULTURAL RESEARCH SERVICE

PLANT PEST CONTROL DIVISION

SURVEY AND DETECTION OPERATIONS

The Cooperative Economic Insect Report is issued
weekly as a service to American Agriculture. Its contents
are compiled from information supplied by cooperating State,
Federal, and industrial entomologists and other agricultural
workers. In releasing this material the Division serves as
a clearing house and does not assume responsibility for ac-
curacy of the material.

All reports and inquiries pertaining to this release,
including the mailing list, should be sent to;

Survey and Detection Operations
Plant Pest Control Division
Agricultural Research Service
United States Department of Agriculture
Federal Center Building
Hyattsville, Maryland 20782

Volume 19 January 17, 1969 Number 3

COOPERATIVE ECONOMIC INSECT REPORT

HIGHLIGHTS

Current Conditions
GREENBUG threatening in Several areas of New Mexico and Texas. Miss)

An ARMORED SCALE at highest level in 18 years on Florida citrus; increase
expected. (p. 32).

Damage of a PHYCITID MOTH heavy on magnolias in Conecuh County, Alabama.
(p. 32).

CATTLE GRUBS problem at packing plants in southwestern Kansas and in cattle in
southwestern Oklahoma. (p. 33).

Detection

New State records include RED-CLOVER SEED WEEVIL in Missouri (p. 31) and a
PLATYPEZID FLY in South Carolina (p. 33).

For new county record see page 34.
Special Reports

Techniques to Determine Losses. Selected References 1967-1968. Part III.
(pp. 35-37).

Distribution of Clover Seed Weevil (map). (p. 38).

Reports in this issue are for week ending January 10 unless otherwise indicated.

— io

- 30 -

CONTENTS
Special Insects of Regional Significance........ austayenclonsicuolsuencnenoneyeie Sieloversicceneneictene 31
Insects Affecting
Forage Legumes..... wiaca lee Shale Aaita aad oe Baa Forest and Shade Trees..........92
General Vegetables... ..cccccecccs cee cok Man and Animals...... savior cheveteverenenstoe
Deciduous Fruits and Nuts......... Sool Stored Products...... Gaooon ince 6 33
CasbrUSEiepetcvenetereterere aucherevedenetennoer stoke tcnenen onto
Federal and State Plant Protection Programs............+. JOO RCO Od0 0G 000 00.0000 088
Hawadta TnSect VREPOT tie cic seer sce. eevelielelioness: sileilelereliove-roclecesevulonsieleneiadeolen sveievecereneleuoretavarene SA AS Hens
Insect Det Ctlont reverse tetchersrcts siolieheledepereneretsre tela tehells sioeleye leis tejanetokeqs exels etereoeencletebenonetecpeiene 34

bishta TraprCoOLVeG trons yc isieisvele ts ehevenceteronetetene
Techniques to Determine Losses. Selected References 1967-1968. Part III....35

Distribution of Clover Seed) Weevail o(map) isn a secre eee stercoaroie ce tare

WEATHER OF THE WEEK ENDING JANUARY 13

HIGHLIGHTS: Last week was snowy and blustery over the North, warm in the West,
cold in the East, and dry in the Southwest and south-central areas.

PRECIPITATION: Daily rains continued along the Washington and Oregon coasts
with heavy snow in the Cascades, northern Sierras, and eastward to the northern
Rocky Mountains. Precipitation totals ranged from 6 to 10 inches along the

coast and on the western slope of the Cascades. Ten to 25 inches of snow fell

in the Cascades on some days and by the end of the week had accumulated to 130
inches at 3,000 feet and to 200 inches at 5,500 feet. These depths are near,

and in some instances exceed, the greatest depths of record for this time of
year. Heavy snow fell in the Great Lakes region and in the Northeast. The snow
drifted badly during the blizzard on Wednesday and Thursday closing most rural
roads and schools in about 200 localities in Minnesota. Snow depths in Wisconsin
ranged from about 10 inches in the south to 50 inches in the north. Upper
Michigan also lay under about 50 inches of snow. Snow also clogged rural roads
in Indiana. Many schools closed because of glazed roads. Snow fell almost
daily in New York totaling 7 to 15 inches in the lee of Lake Erie on the 7th and
8th and parts of northern New England received a foot or more of snow during the
week. Sleet, freezing rain or freezing drizzle iced roads, highways, airport
runways, and sidewalks. Even walking became dangerous. Light rains fell about
midweek in the Southeast, Wide areas from southern California to the Mississippi
River received no rain or only light sprinkles during the week.

TEMPERATURE: Most of the area from the Cascades and Sierras to the Continental
Divide in the north and the western Great Plains in the central and south
averaged above normal. The Missouri and Mississippi Valleys and eastward to the
Atlantic Ocean averaged much colder than normal due to blustery northerly winds
most of the week. Southerly winds brought warm air to Texas on Wednesday but a
norther on Thursday dropped the temperature abruptly -- in some places more than
50 degrees from Wednesday afternoon to Thursday morning. In parts of the East,
this was the third very cold week. (Summary supplied by Environmental Data
Service ESSA.)

a ih

SPECIAL INSECTS OF REGIONAL SIGNIFICANCE

CORN LEAF APHID (Rhopalosiphum maidis) - ARIZONA - Alates light in most barley
in the Salt River Valley, Maricopa County. (Ariz. Coop. Sur).

GREENBUG (Schizaphis graminum) - NEW MEXICO - As high as 100+ per foot on barley
near Roswell, Chaves County. (Mathews). TEXAS - Very light on wheat in pan-
handle area near Hereford, Deaf Smith County. Damage light in Archer, Cottle,
King, Foard, and Wilbarger Counties; moderate in Stonewall, Hall, and Knox
Counties; and heavy in Dickens and Motley Counties. (Holt, Boring). Survey
conducted on wheat January 7-9 in 15 panhandle counties. Maximum counts per row
foot: 1,000-1,500 in Briscoe, Hall, and Motley; 100-200 in Floyd, Hale,

Deaf Smith, Swisher, and Castro; 10-40 in Potter, Hutchinson, Hansford, Moore,
Oldham, Randall, and Parmer. Wheat generally good. Above counts in nongrazed
fields. Counts, 10 or less per row foot in grazed fields. Under control in
Briscoe, Hall, and Motley Counties. (Daniels), OKLAHOMA - Continues very light
to absent in Texas County. (Okla. Coop. Sur.). KANSAS - None on wheat in
Finney, Gray, Ford, Edwards, and Stafford Counties. (Simpson). ARKANSAS - Survey
negative on farm at Fayetteville, Washington County. (Boyer).

FORAGE LEGUMES

RED-CLOVER SEED WEEVIL (Tychius stephensi) - MISSOURI - Adults swept from red
clover at Weldon Springs, St. Charles County. Collected by R.E. Munson and
L.R. Hanning August 8, 1967. Determined by R.E. Warner. This is a new State
record. (Munson). :

PEA APHID (Acyrthosiphon pisum) - ARIZONA - Averaged 900 per 100 sweeps of
alfalfa at Yuma, Yuma County. (Ariz. Coop. Sur.). ARKANSAS - Very low in
northwest area. Up to 2 per square foot on vetch in farm at Fayetteville,
Washington County. (Boyer).

BEET ARMYWORM (Spodoptera exigua) - ARIZONA - Up to 50 per 100 sweeps on alfalfa
at Yuma, Yuma County. Ariz. Coop. Sur.),

LYGUS BUGS (Lygus spp.) - ARIZONA - As many as 80 adults per 100 sweeps on
alfalfa at Yuma, Yuma County. (Ariz. Coop. Sur.).

THREE-CORNERED ALFALFA HOPPER (Spissistilus festinus) - ARIZONA - Continues
moderate on alfalfa at Yuma, Yuma County. GeazPeCoop. Sur.)i.

GENERAL VEGETABLES

APHIDS - ARIZONA - Acyrthosiphon scariolae light near lettuce stems under wrapper
leaves at Yuma, Yuma County; Lettuce fields there being treated for Myzus
persicae (green peach aphid). M. persicae heavy on mature carrots north of
Glendale, Maricopa County. (Ariz. Coop. Sur.),

DECIDUOUS FRUITS AND NUTS

ARMORED SCALES - ALABAMA - Three commercial peach orchards of about 35 acres
inspected in Geneva County. No Aspidiotus perniciosus (San Jose scale) found;
intensive care and protection effective. Many Signs of Pseudaulacaspis
pentagona (white peach scale) damage in one orchard; infestation light but
constantly threatening in this ll-acre orchard. P., pentagona infestation and
damage increased in poorly kept and poorly protected trees and orchards in this
area. (Bagby et al.).

Sg oie

PEACH TREE BORER (Sanninoidea exitiosa) - ALABAMA - Overwintering larvae of this
and Synanthedon pictipes (lesser peach tree borer) light in 3 commercial peach
orchards in Geneva County. Constant control efforts kept infestation manageable.
More serious infestation of S. exitiosa observed at and below ground line in
orchard of one and 2-year-old trees. (Bagby et al.).

CITRUS

Citrus Insect Situation in Florida - End of December - CITRUS RUST MITE

(Phyl Tocoptruta oleivora) infested 56 (orm 62) percent of groves; 43 (norm 44)
percent economic. Population dropped to moderate range and is slightly below
average for yearend. Further decrease expected. Infestation on leaves Similar
to that on fruit. Highest districts south, west, and east. Will be heavy in

20 percent of groves if not treated promptly. TEXAS CITRUS MITE (Eutetranychus
banksi) infested 26 (norm 40) percent of groves; 8 (norm 14) percent economic,
Below normal and in low range. Slight increase expected but very few groves will
have important infestations. Highest districts central and east. CITRUS RED
MITE (Panonychus citri) infested 25 (norm 36) percent of groves; 3 (norm 14)
percent economic. In low range and at Lowest December level in 18 years of
record, Slight increase expected. Highest districts west and east. GLOVER
SCALE (Lepidosaphes gloverii) infested 51 (norm 73) percent of groves; 2 (norm 14)
percent economic. elow normal and in low range with little change expected,
Highest district west. PURPLE SCALE (L. beckii) infested 49 (norm 72) percent

of groves; less than 1 (norm 7) percent economic. At lowest December level in

18 years of record. CHAFF SCALE (Parlatoria pergandii) infested 42 (norm 54)
percent of groves; less than 1 (norm 7) percent economic. Will remain much below
normal, YELLOW SCALE (Aonidiella citrina) infested °53 (norm 64) percent of
groves; 2 (norm 13) percent economic. Lowest for December Since 1964; most
infestations very light. Slight increase expected. Districts uniformly
infested, the highest being west. BLACK SCALE (Saissetia oleae) infested 36
(norm 36) percent of groves; Ll (norm 16) percent economic. Population near
average, low and spotty with little change expected. Highest districts east and
central. An ARMORED SCALE (Unaspis citri) infested 15 percent of groves;
moderate or heavy in 7 percent. At highest level in 18 years of record.

Increase expected. Infestations very spotty. WHITEFLIES infested 51 percent of
groves; 12 percent moderate to heavy. In low range and slightly below normal.
Little change expected. (W.A. Simanton (Citrus Expt. Sta., Lake Alfred)).

FOREST AND SHADE TREES

A CONIFER APHID (Cinara occidentalis) - OREGON - Found December 18 infesting
block of grand fir in Christmas tree planting at West Salem, Polk County.
Identified by T. Kono. (Larson, Westcott).

PHYCITID MOTHS (Euzophera spp.) - ALABAMA - E. magnolialis larval damage heavy
on southern magnolia trees in 40-acre magnolia tree farm at Evergreen, Conecuh
County. Determined by D.M. Weisman, (Huggins et al.). MARYLAND - E. ostri-
colorella lightly infested yellow-poplar near Wheaton, Montgomery County. Found
by C.W. McComb May 12, 1967. Determined by D.M. Weisman. (U. Md., Ent. Dept.).

AN ERIOPHYID MITE (Aceria nyssae) - MARYLAND - Light populations rolled leaf
edges on sweetgum planting near Lexington Park, St. Marys County, September 2.
(U. Md., Ent. Dept.).

Sieh

MAN AND ANIMALS

CATTLE GRUBS (Hypoderma spp.) - KANSAS - Problem continues at packing plants in
southwest area. Infested up to 50 percent of animals Slaughtered, (Simpson),
OKLAHOMA - H, lineatum (common cattle grub) heavy in Cotton County cattle.
Seven grubs in milk Cow checked in Payne County. (Okla. Coop. Sur.).

SCREW-WORM (Cochliomyia hominivorax) - Total of 2 cases reported in U.S.
January 5-11 as follows: TEXAS - Medina 2, Total of 127 cases reported in
portion of Barrier Zone in Republic of Mexico December 30, 1968, to January 3,
1969, as follows: Baja California 2, Territorio sur de Baja California 34,
Sonora 51, Chihuahua 2, Coahuila 9, Nuevo Leon 13, Tamaulipas 16. Total of 13
cases reported in Mexico south of Barrier Zone. Barrier Zone iS area where
eradication operation underway to prevent establishment of self-sustaining
population in U.S. Sterile screw-worm flies released: Texas 26,368,000;
Mexico 40,400,000. (Anim, Health Div.).

A PLATYPEZID FLY (Microsania imperfecta) - SOUTH CAROLINA - In smoke from sawmill
at West Union, Oconee County. Collected by T.R. Adkins October 4, 1968.
Determined by W.W. Wirth. Annoyance Similar to gnats. Mostly males in smoke.
This is a new State record. (Nettles).

HARD-BACKED TICKS - TEXAS - Dermacentor sp. widespread and heavy on cattle and
horses in Mason County; most ranchers Spraying or dusting. (Garrett).

OKLAHOMA - D. albipictus (winter tick) and Ixodes scapularis (black-legged tick)
light on cattle and deer checked in Cherokee County. (Okla. Coop. Sur.).

CATTLE LICE - MISSISSIPPI - Light on herd of about 50 dairy cows in Oktibbeha
County. (Dinkins, Jan. 3). OKLAHOMA - Mostly Haematopinus eurysternus
(short-nosed cattle louse) ranged moderate to heavy on dairy and beef cattle in
Texas County and on Washita County beef cattle. Moderate on Cherokee County
beef cattle. (Okla. Coop. Sur.). IOWA - H. eurysternus occasionally on 34 head
of cattle checked for external parasites in Polk County. (Iowa Ins. Sur.).

STORED PRODUCTS

POTATO TUBERWORM (Phthorimaea operculella) - MICHIGAN - Winter problem in stored
potatoes in Monroe and Bay Counties. Much of infested table stock sold,
Presents problem of possible field infestation from Seed stock in Bay County.
(Janes).

FEDERAL AND STATE PLANT PROTECTION PROGRAMS

IMPORTED FIRE ANT (Solenopsis saevissima richteri) - TEXAS - Light in pasture at
Center, Shelby County. Collected by H.J. Henderson December 30, 1968.

Determined by D.R. Smith. This is a new county record. (PPC).

PINK BOLLWORM (Pectinophora gossypiella) - NEW MEXICO - Thirteen larvae from
101 cotton bales on lint cleaners of 7 southwest area gins. (Hare). Viability
of larvae in cotton trash and stalks in soil ranged 35-50 percent in southern
Eddy County. (Campbell, Mathews).

- 34 -

HAWAII INSECT REPORT

Turf - A BILLBUG (Sphenophorus venatus vestitus) heavy, averaged 16 adults per
square foot; damage moderate to heavy on Tifgreen lawns at Hilo, Hawaii Island.
(Yoshioka),

Fruits and Nuts - COCONUT SCALE (Aspidiotus destructor) increasing on coconut at
Koko Head, Oahu. Infested more trees; yellowed leaves conspicuous. (Nakao).
CLOUDY-WINGED WHITEFLY (Dialeurodes citrifolii) and GREEN SCALE (Coccus viridis)
heavy on citrus trees, unsightly buildup of sooty mold at Hilo and Puna areas on
Hawaii Island. Over 100 whiteflies per leaf at Hilo. (Yoshioka). RED-BANDED
THRIPS (Selenothrips rubrocinctus) heavy, damage moderate to young foliage of
many backyard mango trees at Paia, Maui. (Miyahira).

Ornamentals - WESTERN FLOWER THRIPS (Frankliniella occidentalis) light to medium
on commercial rose and chrysanthemum blossoms at Koko Head, Oahu. Petal injury
evident on chrysanthemum. Nymphs and adults of a LEAFHOPPER (Protalebrella
brasiliensis) moderate to heavy on wedelia in scattered areas of Oahu. Counts
per 10 sweeps: 350 at Waianae, 400 at Kaneohe, 100 at Koko Head, 250 in airport
area of Honolulu. (Funasaki).

Shade Trees - BARNACLE SCALE (Ceroplastes cirripediformis) reappearing on
fiddlewood trees along Lunalilo Home Road at Koko Head, Oahu; infestations light
and confined to young branches. (Nakao) .

Man and Animals - MOSQUITOES - Collected 2,037 Aedes vexans nocturnus and 13,649
Culex pipiens quinquefasciatus in 52 light traps on Oahu in December. Aedes
catches highest at Kailua. Culex high at Waianae, Nanakuli, Kaneohe, and Kailua,
(Mosq. Cont. Br., Dept. of Health).

Miscellaneous Insects - TOBACCO BUDWORM (Heliothis virescens) larvae moderate;
feeding on foliage of tagua passionflower (Passiflora foetida) on Sand Island,
Oahu, (Funasaki).

INSECT DETECTION
New State Records

RED-CLOVER SEED WEEVIL (Tychius stephensi) - MISSOURI - On red clover at Weldon
Springs, St. Charles County. Collected by R.E. Munson and L.R. Hanning August 8,
1967. Determined by R.E. Warner. (p. 31).

A PLATYPEZID FLY (Microsania imperfecta) - SOUTH CAROLINA - In smoke from sawmill
at West Union, Oconee County. Collected by T.R. Adkins October 4, 1968.
Determined by W.W. Wirth. (p. 33),

New County Record

IMPORTED FIRE ANT (Solenopsis saevissima richteri) - TEXAS - Shelby County.
Goin ed)

LIGHT TRAP COLLECTIONS

FLORIDA - Gainesville - 1/3-9, BL - Black cutworm (Agrotis ipsilon) 1, granulate
cutworm (Feltia subterranea) 2, yellow-striped armyworm (Prodenia ornithogalli) 1.
TEXAS - Brownsville — 174-10, 2BL, 33-81°F., precip. 0.01 - Armyworm (Pseudaletia
unipuncta) 2, black cutworm 2, variegated cutworm (Peridroma saucia) 3, yellow-
striped armyworm 5.

TECHNIQUES TO DETERMINE LOSSES
Selected References 1967-1968*
Part III

Additional copies of Parts I through III of this bibliography are available from
Survey and Detection Operations.

References

AGRICULTURAL RESEARCH SERVICE, PLANT PEST CONTROL DIVISION. 1967. Estimated
losses and production costs attributed to insects and related arthropods - 1966.
U.S. Coop. Econ. Ins. Rpt. 17(45) :991-1007.

Infesting crops in the United States (including Hawaii)

BARTON, G. T. and DUROST, D. D. 1967. Problems in expressing crop losses. FAO
Symposium on Crop Losses. Oct. 2-6. pp. 265-272.

BATZER, H, O. 1968. Hibernation site and dispersal of spruce budworm larvae as
related to damage of sapling balsam fir. J. Econ. Ent. 61(1) :216-220.

BECCARI, F. 1967. Types of losses caused by insects. FAO Symposium on Crop
Losses. Oct. 2-6. pp. 159-180.

CONE, W. W. 1968. Black vine weevil larval damage to concord grape roots at
different population densities. J. Econ. Ent. 61(5):1220-1224.

CRAMER, H. H. 1967. Economic aspects of crop losses caused by insects. FAO
Symposium on Crop Losses. Oct. 2-6. pp. 99-106.

DICKASON, E, A., LEACH, C. M. and GROSS, A. E, 1968. Clover root curculio
injury and vascular decay of alfalfa roots. J. Econ. Ent. 61(5):1163-1168.

EDEN, W. G. 1967. Insect damage to corn in three Southeastern States at time
of harvest and in farm storage. USDA Marketing Res. Rpt. 792, 9 pp.
Georgia, Alabama and Mississippi

FOOD AND AGRICULTURE ORGANIZATION. 1967. Report of the FAO symposium on crop
losses held in Rome, Italy, 2-6 October 1967. Rpt. No. PL:1967/M/6, 35 pp., Rome
Including those caused by insects

FURR, R. E, and PFRIMMER, T. R. 1968. Effects of early-, mid-, and late-season
infestations of two-spotted spider mites on the yield of cotton. J. Econ. Ent.
61(5) :1446-1447.

GALLUN, R. L., EVERLY, R. T. and YAMAZAKI, W. T. 1967. Yield and milling
quality of monon wheat damaged by feeding of cereal leaf beetle. J. Econ. Ent.
60(2) :356-359.

JACOBSON, L. A. 1967. Damage by larvae of the pale western cutworm to winter
wheat after heading. J. Econ. Ent. 60(5) :1318-1320.

JUDENKO, E. 1967. Methods for field trials to assess the loss of yield of
crops attacked by pests. FAO Symposium on Crop Losses. Oct. 2-6. pp. 75-78.

* Additional citations for 1961-1963, 1965-1966 are included at the end of this
List.

Se Sini

So Gites

KINZER, H,. G, and HENDERSON, C. F. 1968. Damage by larvae of the corn earworm
to grain sorghum. J. Econ. Ent. 61(1) :263-267.

KINZER, H., G. and HENDERSON, C. F. 1967. Effect of sorghum webworm on yield of
grain sorghum in Oklahoma. J. Econ. Ent. 60(1):118-121.

LECLERG, E. L. 1967. Proposal for an international program for estimating
crop-pest losses in the field. FAO Symposium on Crop Losses. Oct. 2-6. pp. 327-
330.

LEUCK, D. B, 1967. Lesser cornstalk borer damage to peanut plants. J. Econ.
Ent. 60(6) :1549-1551.

MEYER, M. P. and WOOLFOLK, E. J. 1967. Anthill infestations; an airphoto
mensurational technique for assessing forage losses on grazing lands due to ant
activity. Photogrammetric Engin. 33(11):1247-1249.

ORDISH, G. 1967. Some problems in the evaluation of crop losses caused by
pests. FAO Symposium on Crop Losses. Oct. 2-6. pp. 251-264.

RADEMACHER, B. 1967. Investigations on the actual loss of yield from the in-
festation of winter wheat and summer barley by the two cereal leaf beetles (L.
cyanella and L. melanopus) and by the wheat stem sawfly (C. pygmaeus). Z. i
Pfikrankh. Pflpath. Pfischutz 74(5):311-316. In Ger., Engl. Sum.

READSHAW, J. L. 1968. Damage to swedes by the swede midge, Contarinia
nasturtii (Kieff.), and a possible method of cultural control. Bul. Ent. Res.
58(1) :25-29.

REYNOLDS, H. T., DICKSON, R. C., HANNIBAL, R. M. and LAIRD, E. F., JR. 1967.
Effects of the green peach aphid, southern garden leafhopper, and carmine spider
mite populations upon yield of sugar beets in the Imperial Valley, California.
Je Econ. Ent.-60¢))/-1=7..

SEINHORST, J. W. 1967. Review of methods for measuring damage caused by nema-
todes. FAO Symposium on Crop Losses. Oct. 2-6. pp. 311-312.

SMITH, R. F. 1967. Principles of measurement of crop losses caused by insects.
FAO Symposium on Crop Losses. Oct. 2-6. pp. 205-224.

SMITH, R. H. and KOWAL, R. J. 1968. Attack of the black turpentine beetle on
roots of slash pine. J. Econ. Ent. 61(5) :1430-1432.

STRICKLAND, A. H, and BARDNER, R. 1967. A review of current methods applicable
to measuring crop losses due to insects. FAO Symposium on Crop Losses. Oct. 2-6.
pp. 289-309.

USUA, E. J. 1968. Effect of varying populations of Busseola fusca larvae on
the growth and yield of maize. J. Econ. Ent. 61(2) :375-376.

WOLFENBARGER, D. A. 1967. Seasonal abundance and damage estimates of cabbage
looper larvae and two aphid species. J. Econ. Ent. 60(1):277-279.

ZANGHERI, S. and MASUTTI, L. 1967. Effects of treatments against Ostrinia
nubilalis on the yield of two maize hybrids. Giornate Fitopat. 1967. pp. 345-
JocRm In ltall--lukned oc .Sumic

SG he

* OK KK KK KK KK K KK KK KK KK KK

ADDITIONAL REFERENCES 1961-1963, 1965-1966

ADKISSON, P. L., HANNA, R. L. and BAILEY, C. F, 1962. Cotton yield and quality
losses resulting from various size populations of bollworms. Tex. Agr. Expt. Sta.
Prog. Rpt. 2235, 5 pp.

GOULD, H. J., LEGOWSKI, T. J. and ATKINS, E. C. 1962. Surveys of pea moth
damage on dry harvesting peas in East Anglia, 1957-1959. Plant Path. 11(1):1-6.

JUDENKO, E. 1961. Assessment of crop loss due to a pest. Tea Quarterly 32(4):
224.

JUDENKO, E. 1965. Some methods of assessing crop loss caused by pests. Inter-
natl. Cong. Ent. Trans. 12:614-615.

JUDENKO, E. 1965. The assessment of economic effectiveness of pest control in
field experiments (with supplementary notes). Pest Art. and News Sum. Sect. A
11(3) :359-368.

NARANJO H., N. and CAMACHO M., L. H, 1955. Evaluation of damage caused by
Diatraea saccharalis Fab. to the sugar industry of the Rio Cauca Valley. Agr.
Trop. 21(12):859-871. In Sp.

Sugarcane pest

OKIGBO, B. N. 1963. An evaluation of losses caused by Hessian fly in a wheat
fertilizer experiment. Agron. J. 55(2):117-119.

PRASAD, S. K. 1963. Quantitative estimation of damage to crucifers caused by
cabbageworm, cabbage looper, diamondback moth and cabbage aphid. Indian J. Ent.
25(3) :242-259.

SCHUTTE, F, 1966. A simple method for determining the damage of the cabbage

gall midge (Dasyneura brassicae Winn.) and estimating the rape harvest. Anz.
Schadlingskunde 39(11):167-I171. In Ger., Engl. Sum,

TESCIC, T. 1963. Detection of frit fly eggs in oat panicles and larval damage
to grain. Plant Path. 12(1):40-43.

WILSON, L. F. 1966. Life history, habits, and damage of the boxelder leaf gall
midge, Contarinia negundifolia Felt (Diptera: Cecidomyiidae) in Michigan. Canad.

Ent. 98(7) :777-784.

: U.S. Dept. Agr.
Prepared in Plant Pest Control Coop. Econ. Ins. Rpt.
Division 19(3) :35-37, 1969

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VOL. 19 No. 4 ; January 24, 1969

Cooperative

ECONOMIC INSECT
REPORT

Issued by

PLANT PEST CONTROL DIVISION
AGRICULTURAL RESEARCH SERVICE

UNITED STATES DEPARTMENT OF AGRICULTURE

AGRICULTURAL RESEARCH SERVICE

PLANT PEST CONTROL DIVISION

SURVEY AND DETECTION OPERATIONS

The Cooperative Economic Insect Report is issued
weekly as a service to American Agriculture. Its contents
are compiled from information supplied by cooperating State,
Federal, and industrial entomologists and other agricultural
workers. In releasing this material the Division serves as
a clearing house and doesnot assume responsibility for ac-
curacy of the material.

All reports and inquiries pertaining to this release,
including the mailing list, should be sent to:

Survey and Detection Operations
Plant Pest Control Division
Agricultural Research Service
United States Department of Agriculture
Federal Center Building
Hyattsville, Maryland 20782

Volume 19 January 24, 1969 Number 4

COOPERATIVE ECONOMIC INSECT REPORT

HIGHLIGHTS

Current Conditions

CALIFORNIA FIVE-SPINED IPS increasing in Mariposa County, California. (p. 43).

PINE NEEDLE SCALE widespread on ponderosa pines in an area of Klamath National
Forest in California. (p. 43).

SHORT-NOSED CATTLE LOUSE heavy in Oklahoma. (p. 44).

NORTHERN FOWL MITE increasing in northwestern Arkansas. (p. 44).

Detection

New State records include an APHID in Utah (p. 41) and a WEEVIL in Maryland
Gp 45).

For new county records see page 45.

Special Reports

EUROPEAN CORN BORER generally more abundant in those States reporting in 1968.
Substantial increases occurred in 4 North Central States. Overwintering
populations in Illinois highest for past 18 years except for 1955 and heaviest
in Indiana since 1957. (p. 47).

Distribution of Alfalfa Plant Bug (map). (p. 54).

——————

Reports in this issue are for week ending January 17 unless otherwise indicated.

o Gy)

=A Oe
CONTENTS
Special’ Insects of Regional Significance cc. . ciciccclcc ove wie 0s 0106 010 0 01 c/e ee cls eee 411:

Insects Affecting
Corn, Sorghum, Sugarcane.....c..ceee4) Ornamentals... ..sccccccccserseserrecds
Turf, Pastures, Rangeland...........41, Forest and Shade Trees.......00s..43
FOGAGS LLESUMES 6.6 %.0re ae cieo e wielee cles oe elton sMan ands AnamMal'Sici3\55 sie e100 oe cle elereie tenet +
Deciduous Fruitssanad Nuts. cris ecisgtar = StOGVed (PrOGUGtESIcssieicoenc o eueteiejeleieejelercie
GAPE Sleterel sine ancrelialeseneienoie sleveleeoleislelerslsssiee
Benet eral TNS eC tsi ive oieierciicicrc/ sieve eedeeieleieieteleleleleitaiielelexel sie) oxellelellelioleio) net eileuerelcreehelavenckelonercneRerece
Rederal and. State: Plant, Protection: Programs eje-c «ice rss (eve e (are! lisiisi(slie:0) 0 lovejnelelejeieeevelsaeHoRleO
PNSECE MDETSSEMON Ie cieesieleler stele or sreheneNeltene care eal eleialreietietiecensreiatereliorevetedeserepeleietelslielelensiicteleveroleneuenenaeo
Laehte raps Coll ee taiOnsieyes oe oie ciallesele! eo) e\srciale1e)iei-Porel(aivoie lel eelfelle] siieiieyeltevelhalclerefetetaielcuchotas tne Renae
Hawa dia lin © Git iR PO Ttisisleiever eevee eile oteleve leksiis\ievelcuelelleiereneliote (elerereliete! elisieceyeielateyeievenchelereronctoteenenene: O
Status Jofathe’ European Corn Borere in? E968) scr: siereic's } ols: sisileitelioile le\'e/ieiie! siielei alc} elelelouelorereloneneicial
Distribution of PALL al fas PlantyBuUgiaiGmarp) jeicie lsc: oreitevetoicie! siete ie ete oe eKeve ts ,0reGe) eileteiie leleleconouenetOm

WEATHER BUREAU'S 30-DAY OUTLOOK
MID-JANUARY TO MID-FEBRUARY

The Weather Bureau's 30-day outlook calls for temperatures to average colder than
normal everywhere east of the Rockies except southern Florida and most of the
Northeast, where near normal temperatures are expected. The Great Basin and the
southern Plateau should have above normal temperatures, but California's interior
valley, below normal. Elsewhere in the West, near normal temperatures are
indicated. The Midwest and the Missouri Valley should receive more precipitation
than normal, predominantly in the form of snow. The Great Basin, Texas, and the
Southeast Should be drier than normal. Elsewhere, near normal amounts are
expected.

Weather forecast given here is based on the official 30-day "Resume and Outlook"
published twice a month by the Weather Bureau. You can subscribe through the
Superintendent of Documents, Washington, D.C. 20250. Price $5.00 a year.

WEATHER OF THE WEEK ENDING JANUARY 20

HIGHLIGHTS: Stormy weather prevailed over the West. Central and northeastern
areas were moStly mild and murky. This type of weather came to the Southeast over
the weekend.

PRECIPITATION: <A storm off the Pacific coast brought inclement weather to much

of the Western United States. Strong winds and driving rains soaked coastal

areas while heavy snow fell in the Cascades, northern Sierras, and eastward to

the Rocky Mountains. Snow depths now approach 20 feet in the Cascades above

5,500 feet. Most of the West, even the deserts, received generous precipitation
during the week. Precipitation totals over the West ranged from over 2 inches
along the Pacific coast to about an inch along the Continental Divide except less
than 0.3 inch over portions of the Great Basin. Only light rain fell along the
eastern slopes of the Rockies and the western edge of the Great Plains. Weekly
totals here were generally less than 0.3 inch and some areas received no rain.
Most areas from the eastern Great Plains to the Atlantic received significant
precipitation. Rain, freezing rain, sleet, or Snow or a mixture of precipitation
forms occurred from the eastern Dakotas to New York and southward as far as central
Indiana slicking roads and highways and causing some damage to trees. Rain in the
Southeast came late in the week or over the weekend. Totals over most of the
Mississippi and lower Ohio River Valleys ranged from 1 to more than 2 inches.

Fog covered much of the East over the weekend.

Weather continued on page 46.

SPECIAL INSECTS OF REGIONAL SIGNIFICANCE

GREENBUG (Schizaphis graminum) - NEW MEXICO - Increasing on barley at Roswell,
Chaves County; 100+ per LIinear foot in several fields. (Mathews). Increased
damage apparent on irrigated wheat in Curry County. (Campbell). TEXAS - Wheat
surveyed January 13-15 in 13 panhandle counties. Maximum number per row foot in
nongrazed fields by county: Donley 100; Carson 50; Armstrong and Collingsworth
30; Gray, Lipscomb, and Wheeler 10; Sherman, Dallam, Hartley, Roberts, Ochiltree,
and Hemphill 5. Numbers decreased past 8 weeks in northern panhandle area. Wheat
generally good. (Daniels). Some damaged wheat in Haskell, Foard, Cottle, King, and
Stonewall Counties in Rolling Plains. Greenbug reported from Hall, Dickens,
Motley, Wilbarger, and Wichita Counties. Not generally heavy on wheat in area, but
greenbug plus dry weather causing some die out. (Boring). Up to 111 per row ~
foot during survey of small grains in Denton County January 8. Counts 100+ per
linear foot in one field; less than 10 per row foot in 6 of 10 fields examined.
Grazed fields generally less infested than nongrazed fields. (Turney).

OKLAHOMA - Absent in most fields but ranged 5-20 per foot in occasional fields

in Haskell, Muskogee, Sequoyah, and Oklahoma Counties. Averaged 10 per foot in
Kiowa County field and 1 per 5 feet in Logan County. Very light to absent in
Caddo County. (Okla. Coop. Sur.). KANSAS - Negative on wheat examined in 3
northeast, 5 east-central, and 5 southeast counties. (Simpson).

SPOTTED ALFALFA APHID (Therioaphis maculata) - ARIZONA - Up to 1,800 per 100
sweeps at Yuma, Yuma County. Ariz. Coop. Sur.). KANSAS - Negative in south-
east district on established and seedling alfalfa. (Simpson). MISSISSIPPI -
Very light on Oktibbeha County alfalfa. (Dinkins, Jan. 10).

CORN, SORGHUM, SUGARCANE

SOUTHWESTERN CORN BORER (Diatraea grandiosella) - OKLAHOMA - Live larvae in half
of cornstalks in one McIntosh County field and in 30 percent of 2 fields in
Muskogee and Pittsburg Counties. (Okla. Coop. Sur.).

A BILLBUG (Sphenophorus venatus vestitus) - FLORIDA - Larvae severe January 2 in
stems and soil around 10 Sugarcane plants at Apopka, Orange County. Larvae
taken January 8 from roots of all 5 sugarcane plants inspected at Apopka.
(Holley et al.). Mostly larvae moderate to severe January 8 in stems, roots,
and soil of all 10 clumps of sugarcane inspected at Groveland, Lake County.
(Henderson).

TURF, PASTURES, RANGELAND

AN APHID (Capitophorus patonkus) - UTAH - Collected (probably on Achillea) at
Cedar Breaks National Monument at 10,000 feet elevation in Iron County July 15,
1963, and at Duck Creek Camp, Kane County, July 14, 1963, by G.F. Knowlton.
Identified by D. Hille Ris Lambers. This is a new State record. (Knowlton,
Jan. 14).

AN ARMORED SCALE (Diaspis dignus) - FLORIDA - Taken on button-snakeroot (Eryngium
yuccifolium) at Samsula, Volusia County, for a new Florida Department of Plant
Industry host record. (Desin, Aug. 9).

BERMUDAGRASS MITE (Aceria neocynodonis) - CALIFORNIA - Medium on Bermuda grass
at Anderson, Shasta County. This iS a new county record. (Cal. Coop. Rpt.,
Jan. 10).

= 4 0y—

FORAGE LEGUMES

ALFALFA WEEVIL (Hypera postica) - MISSISSIPPI - One adult and no larvae per
square foot in Oktibbeha County field. (Dinkins, Jan. 10). MISSOURI -

Average number of egg punctures per square foot by county: St. Charles 5.7, New
Madrid 4.7, Cape Girardeau 3.4, Ste. Genevieve 2.6, Howell 1.3, and in Ralls,
Osage, Maries, Laclede, and Lawrence - 0.3 and less. The first 3 counties aver-
aged over 9 eggs per puncture. Percent viability of eggs ranged 57-100 (averaged
95) percent. (Munson).

EGYPTIAN ALFALFA WEEVIL (Hypera brunneipennis) - ARIZONA - Averaged 5 per 100
sweeps of alfalfa at Yuma, Yuma County. (Ariz. Coop. Sur.).

RED-CLOVER SEED WEEVIL (Tychius stephensi) - MISSOURI - Collected on red clover

at Valley Park in St. Louis County July 13, 1967, by R.E. Munson and L.R.
Hanning. This is a new county record. (Munson).

DECIDUOUS FRUITS AND NUTS.

EUROPEAN RED MITE (Panonychus ulmi) - CALIFORNIA - General infestation medium on
cherry trees at San Jose, Santa Clara County. (Cal. Coop. Rpt., Jan. 10).

CITRUS

Quarterly Citrus Insect and Mite Outlook in Florida - January through March -
This outlook is based on the assumption that weather beyond the period of the
current U.S. Weather Bureau 30-day Outlook will be normal. Therefore, the fore-
casts given below cannot be viewed with the same degree of confidence as those
in the "Insect and Disease Summary" usually released twice each month by this
station.

CITRUS RUST MITE (Phyllocoptruta oleivora) expected to remain moderate with
slight decrease through February and increase in March. Will be heavy in about
20 percent of groves. TEXAS CITRUS MITE (Eutetranychus banksi) will increase
gradually but expected to be moderate. Will be heavy in about 8 percent of
groves in scattered locations. CITRUS RED MITE (Panonychus citri) will gradually
increase but expected to remain in low range. Predicted heavy for about 5 per-
cent of groves in scattered locations. SIX-SPOTTED MITE (Eotetranychus sexmacu-
latus) will appear on inside leaves in few groves. Expected to be important in
Tess than 2 percent of groves. GLOVER SCALE (Lepidosaphes gloverii) will change
very little. Expected to be lower than in recent years and remain at low to
moderate level. PURPLE SCALE (L. beckii) and CHAFF SCALE (Parlatoria pergandii)
will remain very low. YELLOW SCALE (Aonidiella citrina) expected to increase
slightly but remain in low range. BLACK SCALE (Saissetia oleae) will remain low
and unimportant through March. An ARMORED SCALE (Unaspis citri) will occur in
some previously uninfested groves and will spread in those now infested. APHIDS
will start to appear late in February and increase rapidly in March with peak
expected early in April. (W.A. Simanton).

CALIFORNIA RED SCALE (Aonidiella aurantii) - CALIFORNIA - Heavy on citrus trees
and fruit at Porterville, Tulare County. (Cal. Coop. Rpt.).

- 43 -

ORNAMENTALS

ARMORED SCALES - FLORIDA - All stages of Fiorinia theae (tea scale) severe on all
100 lusterleaf holly plants inspected in nursery at Glen Saint Mary, Baker County.
(Collins, Jan. 7). The following were collected in 1968 for new Florida Depart-
ment of Plant Industry host records. Abgrallaspis cyanophylli on asparagus-fern
(Asparagus plumosus) at Stuart, Martin County. (Campbell, Oct. 7). Chrysomphalus
dictyospermi) (dictyospermum scale) on Cleyera japonica at Williston, Levy

County. (Graham, Oct. 29). CALIFORNIA - Diaspis boisduvalii medium week ending
January 10 on orchid nursery stock in orchid house at Paso Robles, San Luis
Obispo County. D. boisduvalii, Aspidiotus nerii (oleander scale), and Pseudococcus
microcirculus (a mealybug) were heavy on Cymbidium and cattleya orchids in orchid
house at Menlo Park, San Mateo County. (Cal. Coopy Rpt.)

A WALSHIID MOTH (Periploca nigra) - CALIFORNIA - Adults and larvae medium to heavy
on juniper nursery stock at San Luis Obispo, San Luis Obispo County. (Cal. Coop.
Rpt., Jan. 10).

SPIDER MITES (Tetranychus spp.) - NEW MEXICO - Moderate on house plants in
several greenhouses at Las Cruces area, Dona Ana County. (Elson).

FOREST AND SHADE TREES
CALIFORNIA FIVE-SPINED IPS (Ips confusus) - CALIFORNIA - About 30 ponderosa and

sugar pines in 10-acre area infested at Sweetwater Point, Mariposa County.
Thinning operations responsible. Infestation increasing. (Swinford, USFS).

PINE NEEDLE SCALE (Phenacaspis pinifoliae) - CALIFORNIA - Widespread on ponderosa
pines in Tennant Road of Goosenest Ranger District, Klamath National Forest.
(Wilcox, USFS). Medium on twigs on spruce trees locally in game reserve at
Tulelake, Siskiyou County. Prevalent past several months in many areas in
forests. (Cal. Coop. Rpt.).

A BARK APHID (Pineus sp.) - CALIFORNIA - Infesting Coulter pines in a plantation
and pine reproduction in Fay Creek Plantation and adjacent area of Cleveland
National Forest. About 60 trees in 2-acre area show damage; infestation increas-
ing. (Boozer, Swain, USFS).

A CONIFER APHID (Cinara occidentalis) - CALIFORNIA - Medium on fir nursery stock
at Santa Cruz, Santa Cruz County. (Cal Coop. Rpt.saidane Oe

ARMORED SCALES - FLORIDA - The following were collected in 1968 for new Florida
Department of Plant Industry host records. Pinnaspis strachani on mahogany
(Swietenia mahagoni) at Miami, Dade County. (Sloan, Apr. 26). Diaspidiotus
ancylus (Putnam scale) on Chinese chestnut (Castanea mollissima) at Jay, Santa
Rosa County. (Kuitert, May 5). Aonidiella citrina (yellow scale) on Magnolia sp.
at St. Cloud, Osceola County (Crews, Oct. 28) and on Burford holly (Ilex cornuta
var. burfordii) at Bardin, Putnam County (Graham, Dec. 12).

SOFT SCALES - CALIFORNIA - Mycetococcus ehrhorni heavy on live oaks at Lafayette,
Contra Costa County. (Cal. Coop. Rpt.). FLORIDA - Pulvinaria psidii (green

shield scale) taken on Australian brush-cherry (Eugenia paniculata) at Taft, Orange
County, for a new Florida Department of Plant Industry host record. (Campbell,
Oct. 7, 1968).

A MARGARODID SCALE (Neosteingelia texana) - FLORIDA - Taken on hickory (Carya
sp.) near Santa Fe River, Columbia County, for a new Florida Department of Plant
Industry host record. (Graham, Nov. 3, 1968).

AN APHID (Lachnus salignus) - ARIZONA - Heavy on willows at Tempe area, Maricopa
County. (Ariz. Coop. Sur.).

- 44 -

MAN AND ANIMALS

SCREW-WORM (Cochliomyia hominivorax) - Total of 4 cases reported in U.S. January
12-18 as follows: TEXAS - Brooks, Dimmit, Kenedy, Jim Hogg. Total of 91 cases
reported in portion of Barrier Zone in Republic of Mexico January 6-11 as

follows: Sonora 55, Chihuahua 4, Coahuila 2, Nuevo Leon 18, Tamaulipas 12. Total
of 3 cases reported in Mexico south of Barrier Zone. Barrier Zone is area where
eradication operation underway to prevent establishment of self-sustaining popula-
tion in U.S. Sterile screw-worm flies released: Texas 11,568,000; Mexico
37,400,000. (Anim. Health Div.).

COMMON CATTLE GRUB (Hypoderma lineatum) - OKLAHOMA - Larval average per back by
county: Osage 14, Rogers and Muskogee 4, and Cherokee 3. (Okla. Coop. Sur.).
ARKANSAS - Lighter than normal. Bumps appearing in backs of cattle about 30 days
later than normal. (Boyer, Simco).

CATTLE LICE - ALABAMA - Generally much lighter than usual on cattle statewide.
Some increase reported in Bibb and other counties. (McQueen). OKLAHOMA -

Mostly Haematopinus eurysternus (Short-nosed cattle louse) heavy on cattle in
Texas, Ottawa, and Tillman Counties. (Okla. Coop. Sur.).

NORTHERN FOWL MITE (Ornithonyssus sylviarum) - ARKANSAS - Increasing in poultry
flocks in northwest area. (Simco).

BLACK-LEGGED TICK (Ixodes scapularis) - OKLAHOMA - Light on cattle and horses
checked in Cherokee County. (Okla. Coop. Sur.).

STORED PRODUCTS

RICE WEEVIL (Sitophilus oryzae) - CALIFORNIA - Adults heavy in seed corn in
storage area at Davis, Yolo County. (Cal. Coop. Rpt.).

BENEFICIAL INSECTS

PTEROMALID WASPS - OKLAHOMA - Euneura lachni reared from Cinara sp. collected on
pine in Pushmataha County February 1967. Asaphes lucens from Schizaphis graminum
(greenbug) collected on wheat in Tulsa County April 1967 and from Aphis goSSypii
(melon aphid) in Payne County July 1967. Pachyneuron siphonophorae from melon
aphid collected in Payne County July 1967 and from greenbug* on sorghum in Roger
Mills County August 1968. Determined by B.D. Burks. (Okla. Coop. Sur.).

BRACONIDS - OKLAHOMA - Aphidius smithi reared from Acyrthosiphon pisum (pea aphid)
collected in Tulsa County April 1967. lLysiphlebus testaceipes from Aphis
craccivora (cowpea aphid) collected in Tulsa County April 1967; from melon aphid
in Payne County July 1967; from greenbug* on wheat in Tulsa County April 1967,

and on sorghum in Roger Mills County August 1968. Determined by P.M. Marsh.
(Okla. Coop. Sur.).

ENCYRTID WASPS - OKLAHOMA - Aphidencyrtus aphidivorus reared from melon aphid
collected in Payne County in July 1967. Comperia merceti from oothecae of
Supella supellectilium (brown-banded cockroach) collected in home at Perry, Noble
County, November 1968. Determined by B.D. Burks. (Okla. Coop. Sur.).

A EULOPHID WASP (Tetrastichus minutus) - OKLAHOMA - Reared from melon aphid
collected in Payne County July 1967. Determined by B.D. Burks. (Okla. Coop.
Suze ie

* According to recent taxonomic studies by L.M. Russell. This aphid on sorghum
appears to be this species.

S45e—

FEDERAL AND STATE PLANT PROTECTION PROGRAMS

MEXICAN FRUIT FLY (Anastrepha ludens) - TEXAS - Male trapped November 26, 1968,
in 60-acre grove in Hidalgo County is third specimen of season. (PPC South.
Reg.., Dec. Rpt.).

PINK BOLLWORM (Pectinophora gossypiella) - CALIFORNIA - Survey at seasonal low.
Postharvest gin trash and lint cleaner examinations completed December 6 in Kern
County; inspection of 4,412 bushels of gin trash from 26 gins represents sampling
of all cotton-producing areas in county; all surveys negative. Operation of 100
sex lure traps continued in Coachella Valley, Riverside County; 20 moths trapped
during December, but none since December 13. ARIZONA - Lint cleaner inspections
during December 1968 continued to show increased numbers of larvae. NEW MEXICO -
Late seasonal'*surveys of cotton fields and lint cleaners by State and Federal
personnel show populations at lowest levels since 1964. Infestations economic in
only few fields in Dona Ana and Eddy Counties. Surveys of cotton stalks showed.
approximately 50 percent of full-grown larvae in cocoons attached to stalks dead.
(PPC West. Reg.). Field sampled December 16, 1968, showed 70 percent of larvae in
trash above ground alive. Of larvae found in soil, 43 percent alive. Another field
sampled January 8, 1969, showed 48 percent of larvae above ground and 37.5 percent
of larvae in soil alive. Both fields in southern Dona Ana County. (Adams).

TEXAS - Infestation in general at lowest level for past 9 years. OKLAHOMA -

Lint cleaner inspections during harvest season positive in 24 counties, negative
in 10 counties. (PPC South. Reg., Dec. Rpt.).

SWEETPOTATO WEEVIL (Cylas formicarius elegantulus) - NORTH CAROLINA - Weevils
found December 30, 1968, in one lot of sweetpotatoes in warehouse at Tabor City,
Columbus County. (PPC South. Reg.).

INSECT DETECTION
New State Records

A WEEVIL (Gymnaetron netum) - MARYLAND - On weeds near Clarksville, Howard
County. Collected by C.W. McComb July 6, 1967. Determined by R.E. Warner.
(U.) Md. , Ent. Dept.)..

AN APHID (Capitophorus patonkus) - UTAH - Collected at Duck Creek Camp in Kane
County by G.F. Knowlton July 14, 1963. Determined by D. Hille Ris Lambers.

(p. 41).

New County Records

AN APHID (Capitophorus patonkus) - UTAH - Iron County. (p. 41).

BERMUDAGRASS MITE (Aceria neocynodonis) - CALIFORNIA - Shasta County. (p. 41).
RED-CLOVER SEED WEEVIL (Tychius stephensi) - MISSOURI - St. Louis County.

(p. 42).

LIGHT TRAP COLLECTIONS

FLORIDA - Gainesville - 1/10-16, BL - Black cutworm (Agrotis ipsilon) 4, granulate
cutworm (Feltia subterranea) 3. TEXAS - Brownsville - 1/11-17, 2BL, 42-81°F.,
trace precip. - Armyworm (Pseudaletia unipuncta) 26, black cutworm 31, cabbage
looper (Trichoplusia ni) 1, falI armyworm (Spodoptera frugiperda) 6, granulate

cutworm 2, salt-marsh caterpillar (Estigmene acrea) 2, variegated cutworm
(Peridroma saucia) 17, yellow-striped armyworm (Prodenia ornithogalli) 11.

- 46 -

HAWAII INSECT REPORT

Turf, Pasture - A GRASS WEBWORM (Herpetogramma licarsisalis) apparently subsiding
on Kauai as lawns over most of iSland much improved. Pastures slower to recover
and in danger of being overrun by weeds in some areas. Remains light to moderate
on Hawaii in pastures and lawns in several areas. Damage moderate to heavy on
pastures and lawns in windward northeastern Maui; adults numerous over most of
island. Damage light on lawns in many Oahu areas but heavy on some Tifgreen
lawns in windward area. (Sugawa et al.). Adults of a BILLBUG (Sphenophorus
venatus vestitus) light in pastures at Hana, Maui. (Ah Sam).

General Vegetables - DIAMONDBACK MOTH (Plutella xylostella) larvae, pupae, and
adults unusually heavy in celery cabbage farm in Volcano area on Hawaii,
elevation 4,000 feet. Usually pest of cole crops at low elevations during warm
months. (Yoshioka). CHINESE ROSE BEETLE (Adoretus sinicus) adult foliar damage
moderate to heavy in all edible ginger fields at Pepeekeo and Papaikou, Hawaii
Island. (Yoshioka, Kobayashi). BEAN FLY (Melanagromyza phaseoli) remains heavy
and damaging on backyard snap bean plantings at Pukalani and Kahului, Maui.
(Miyahira).

Fruits - COCONUT SCALE (Aspidiotus destructor) heavy on foliage of mountain
apple at Halawa Heights and on about 25 banana trees (very light on fruits) in
farm at Pearl City, Oahu. Not on banana leaves in windward farms. (Nakao,
Funasaki).

Beneficial Insects - A MINUTE EGG PARASITE (Trichogramma semifumatum) parasitism
rate of Hypena Strigata (lantana defoliator caterpillar) during December:

Hawaii - 31.5 percent at Halepiula (North Kona) and 61.5 percent at Hilo;

Kauai - H. strigata activity low, eggs scarce; Maui - averaged 58.8 percent at
Kihei, Kula, and Ulupalakua. (Yoshioka et al.).

Miscellaneous Pests - Large movement of a MILLIPED (Trigoniulus lumbricinus)

from weed to residential areas annoying in North Kona district on Hawaii Island.
(Kobayashi). GIANT AFRICAN SNAIL (Achatina fulica) surveillance and bait
applications continuing in localized infested areas on Hawaii and Kauai Islands.
Live snails picked up: Hawaii - 42 after heavy rains in December and 90 for past
2 weeks at Kahaluu (North Kona); Kauai - few at Wahiawa. Remains moderate to
heavy on wild plants at Kahului and Hana, Maui. (Yoshioka et al.). CLUSTER
FLY (Pollenia rudis) outbreak in December continues to annoy residents at North
Kona and North and South Kohala districts, Hawaii Island, at elevations from
2,500 to 6,100 feet. (Yoshioka, Kobayashi).

Weather continued from page 40.

TEMPERATURE: Mild weather continued over most of the intermountain region with
much of the Great Basin averaging 10° to 13° warmer than normal. In contrast
cold weather has prevailed in western Montana since mid-December and in eastern
Montana Since about December 1. Much of.Montana averaged 9° to 22° colder than
normal. Unusual warming occurred over the eastern Great Plains, the Mississippi
and Ohio River Valleys, and the Northeast. Portions of that huge area averaged
10° or more warmer than during the previous week. The average weekly tempera-
ture at Des Moines, Iowa, was 17° warmer than a week ago. Pennsylvania experi-
enced the mildest weather in four weeks. Subfreezing weather pushed far
southward over the Eastern States early in the week reaching the Florida Pan-
handle and the northern part of the peninsula on Monday and Tuesday mornings.
The East warmed in the latter half of the week with maximums reaching the 40's
and with minimums remaining above the freezing level as far north as Ohio. Most
of the area from Maryland to Florida averaged cooler than normal, however.
(Summary supplied by Environmental Data Service, ESSA.)

Status of the European Corn Borer in 1968_/

Introduction: Cooperating agencies in 15 States reported on surveys conducted in
their States to determine the abundance of European corn borer (Ostrinia nubilalis
(Hubner)) in 1968. All survey data, summaries, or records of field observations
were submitted to Survey and Detection Operations in Hyattsville, Maryland, for
final processing. Personnel of Entomology Research Division, Agricultural
Research Service, kindly reviewed the material after completion.

The 1968 European corn borer survey was conducted during late summer and early
fall. The survey is designed to measure the fall populations of European corn
borer larvae and is conducted during a favorable time to include a high percentage
of late instars, wherever possible. In all cases, except for some minor differ-
ences in compiling data, the accepted survey methods were followed. The survey
was continued on a district basis whenever possible in 1968. A district is
usually a group of counties within a State, in most cases based on Crop Reporting
Districts.

In 1966, several of the States reduced the number of districts and/or the number
of counties within districts. This change was followed during the 1968 survey.
These changes were indicated in Tables 1 and 2 as footnotes in CEIR 17(4) :46-52,
TOG.

New Distribution: European corn borer was reported for the first time from 10
counties during 1968 according to ARS records; however, these counties were

found in States already known to be infested. This was 8 more counties than
reported the previous year. Two counties were reported in 1967 from North Dakota;
18 in 1966 from North Dakota and South Carolina; 11, in 1965, all in South
Carolina; 5 in 3 States in 1964; and 25 new counties in 1963 in 4 States.

The new distribution reported in 1968 was Baldwin County, Alabama; Tift County,
Georgia; and Bamberg, Barnwell, Berkeley, Charleston, Chester, Colleton,
Dorchester, and Georgetown Counties, South Carolina. The infestation in
Baldwin County, Alabama, is about 180 miles farther south than any previously
known infestation in that State. In South Carolina, every county is now known
to be infested except Beaufort County where no survey was conducted.

Abundance: European corn borer larvae were generally more abundant in 1968,
although decreases were reported in Minnesota and South Dakota. Populations
increased over 1967 in 9 of the 11 North Central States included in the survey.
Substantial increases occurred in all districts in Illinois, Iowa, Missouri, and
Ohio. Increases were also noted in most districts in Indiana, Kansas, Nebraska,
North Dakota, and Wisconsin. Overwintering populations in Illinois are the
highest for the past 18 years except for 1955 when the average count was 282
borers per 100 plants. Infestations are the heaviest in Indiana since 1957

when the survey was first initiated on a statewide basis. Overwintering popula-
tions in southwest (District VII) and west-central (District IV) Missouri are
the highest on record for these districts. Greatest increases in Nebraska were
in the southeastern counties. Populations were above 100 borers per 100 plants
in 36 of the 74 districts surveyed in the 11 North Central States. Average
counts of more than 200 borers per 100 plants were recorded in 11 of these
districts. The highest population, 335 borers per 100 plants, was in southwest
(District X) Iowa. European corn borer populations increased more than two-
fold in Delaware and Maryland. The population in Delaware (444 borers per 100
plants) is the highest since the fall abundance survey was begun in that State
in 1936. Infestations were also very high in other crops in Delaware such as’
sweet peppers and potatoes. European corn borer was heavier in Arkansas than in
1967 but lighter than in 1966.

uy Survey data provided by State agricultural agencies. Data complied and
summarized by Survey and Detection Operations, Plant Pest Control Division,
Agricultural Research Service, United States Department of Agriculture.

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Table 2 - European Corn Borer Abundance in Corn,
Fall of 1968, Compared with Data for 1967

tate Average Number: State :Average Number
(Districts of Borers Per ;: (Districts :of Borers Per
or Counties) 100 Plants : or Counties) : 100 Plants
Arkansas Iowa
Griesins: sur.) (State Dept. Agr.; Ext.
Sera; Ent. Dept.
Northwest 8 5 Iowa State Univ.;
North Central (0) 6 ENT, ARS , USDA)
Northeast 17 7
aan ayn District I 31 59
Average 8 if) District II 20 63
District III 45 83
Delaware District IV 59 163
(Agr. Expt. Sta.) District V 50 100
District VI 30 144
New Castle 203 292 District VII oyik 249
Kent 208 512 District VIII 78 236
Sussex 228 528 District IX 96 241
Fak Sheae District X 34 335
Average 213 444 District XI 74 232
District XII 107 148
Illinois Tae Hiei
(Natural History Survey, Average 55 171
Ext. Ser.)
Kansas
Northwest BY 192 (Ins. Sur.)
Northeast 32 148
West 99 233 Northeast 64 152
Central 90 187 North Central 39 43
East 29 246 East Central 30 101
West-southwest 79 216 a rane
East-southeast 52 170 Average 44 98
Average 63 199 Maryland
(63) 1/ Q@98)1l/ (ArremExt. Ser.) Ins. “Sur.
Indiana Eastern Shore 144 339
(Ext. Ser., Expt. Sta.) Southern area 161 205
Western and Central
North-northwest 80 121 areas 115 344
North-northcentral 66 92 ahs
North-northeast 34 84 Average 140 296
Northwest 13 82
North Central 8 al Michigan
Northeast 16 127 (Tins. Sur.)
Southwest 42 24
South Central 26 26 Surveyed counties 44 50
Southeast 29 59
South-southwest 32 93 Minnesota
South-southcentral 53 176 (State Dept. Agr.)
South-southeast 25 31
5 yak Southwest 19 35
Average 35 82 South Central 16 38
Southeast 15 32
West Central 60 58
: Central 37 22
1/ Average based on 40 counties surveyed East Central 18 11
in 1967 and 39 counties in 1968, Northwest 209 99

rather than districts. Average 53 42

Table 2 - (Continued)

State :Average Number: State Average Number

(Districts sof: Borers:,Per i: (Districts of Borers Per
or Counties) 7) OO Plantso:: or Counties) 100 Plants
1967 1968: 1967 1968
Missouri South Dakota
CEXt. Ser., Ins. Sur.) (Agr. Expt. (Sta. Ext..Serh))
District I 95 180 North Central 145 64
District II 86 Sal Northeast 155 134
District III 87 107 Central aes} 28
District IV 72 237 East Central 64 134
DISCrLC CAV) 92 118 Southeast 92 62
District Vir 38 aS. South Central ak at
District IX 163 192 Rae at
saa) aN Average 78 71
Average 90 1/ 154 1/
VT: ai Wisconsin
Nebraska (State Dept. Agr.)
(Agr. Expt. Sta., Ext.
Ser., Ins. Sur.) Northwest 38 17
North Central 12 19
Northeast : 46 65 West Central 62 18
East 44 59 Central 40 61
Southeast 60 148 Southwest 72 47
Central 44 46 South Central 23 73
South 40 64 Southeast 10 49
rae ara East Central 4 25
Average 47 76 Northeast all 48
North Dakota Average 30 40
(State Dept. Agr.)
Southeast 101 alik)
Ohio
(Ext. Ser.; ARS, USDA)
Northwest 25 201
West Central 15 142
Central 18 82
Southwest 2 AH,
Northeast 15 124
Average 17 137

(18) 2/ (157) 2/

ly Figure for 1967 adjusted for comparison with 7 of 8 districts surveyed in 1968.
2/ Averages culculated from county averages not district averages.

EVROPEAN CORN BORER ABUNDANCE

FALL 1968

EUROPEAN CORN BORER ABUNDANCE

FALL 1968

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VOL. 19 No. 5 January 31, 1969

Cooperative

ECONOMIC INSECT
REPORT iW

% Issued by

PLANT PEST CONTROL DIVISION
AGRICULTURAL RESEARCH SERVICE

UNITED STATES DEPARTMENT OF AGRICULTURE

AGRICULTURAL RESEARCH SERVICE

PLANT PEST CONTROL DIVISION

SURVEY AND DETECTION OPERATIONS

The Cooperative Economic Insect Report is issued
weekly as a service to American Agriculture. Its contents
are compiled from information supplied by cooperating State,
Federal, and industrial entomologists and other agricultural
workers. In releasing this material the Division serves as
a clearing house and dees not assume responsibility for ac-
curacy of the material.

All reports and inquiries pertaining to this release,
including the mailing list, should be sent to:

Survey and Detection Operations
Plant Pest Control Division
Agricultural Research Service
United States Department of Agriculture
Federal Center Building
Hyattsville, Maryland 20782

Volume 19 January 31, 1969 Number 5

COOPERATIVE ECONOMIC INSECT REPORT

HIGHLIGHTS

Current Conditions
ARMY CUTWORM appearing on wheat in north-central Oklahoma. (p. 57).

PEA APHID increasing on alfalfa in southwest Arizona and on vetch in northwest
Arkansas. (p. 57).

EGYPTIAN ALFALFA WEEVIL increasing in Yuma County, Arizona. (p. 57).

Detection

A DERMESTID BEETLE reported for the first time in the United States is also
a new North American record. Little is known of the economic importance,
but it may be found in homes and warehouses. (p. 61).

For new county records see page 60.

Special Reports

Anthrenus coloratus Reitter, a Dermestid New to North America. (p. 61).
The Greenbug Situation on Sorghum - 1968. (p. 63).

Distribution of Old-house Borer (map). (p. 66).

Soybean Cyst Nematode Quarantine Map. Centerfold.

Reports in this issue are for week ending January 24 unless otherwise indicated.

o Bee

- 56 -

CONTENTS
Special Insects! of Regionals Siena £UCANC Che cc: accieie \e\cvelleseiol ale stele) ic\ie)eliclielloyel/olenel eherteioloholctonerene Ors
Insects Affecting

Sell (chewins Gogsogusooopo de oBpOUKO DOM? Sma ly Mruait Sieyerecheieicketcteleenclelavetcrehoherere OO
FOragee TiS SUMECS si suslereksieve).se/ecece/sielejlelsre co) eilO\t) OLNAMENGTAM'S | Merci ee islicterolelelaie clelele/ cictelclensiOS
General VegetableS...cccccercccccecersdl Forest and Shade TreeS....cceccereD8
Deciduous Fruits and NutsS......eeeee0t Main: and AndimalSiicicis/selshejeicteleie oe sheneiereoe
(GASES diab On Go OUOUOOOO OUD dCOOGD Ob OOOO OO

Bene ficw a ENSUES cisic cece jeje (es s\sielene sislelerelelishole ts) 6's eleieleveleleveietelelololelelelc! otefeletereieleyelelononeherenret Oe,
Federal. and State Plant Protection Programs’. -<<\ <0 «sco! s ve! oie tis (elclene is srelcioretercietereittereraoo)
Hawaiio InSect,, Reports is cicieve soc evere! oic:she sire velieliere)ie roles eile: she! oieicheveielelstencrorsie;sielelerslcveuciaiv eter rel.
TINSESt(DECE CULO 615) ose 0:cucialolelwllerolaleletelolelelalcelevcieile level ol oleisleileierelotelefelsileleleretelctotononsionehorene tenet OO
COLT ECEMONS ice. eireveltsie wilelienerelsilefel ohoveleicielellelesis\(ehe lel ehetorelevee\elsileierel ei exeveleliey sel oierecetel levereleleieleicie i ketenet OU)
LiShHE Trap COVES CEUONS . srcicveleleieresiclie siieielerelerellsiielereve oie eierelelelencclelchelsveleiohetelchenelehelekenetoheRorenerloO
Anthrenus coloratus Reitter, a Dermestid New to North America.....cesceccccccee OL
ThesGreenbug (Saituation on Sorghum = VOGSocioiec sc: c,c ccc te verelicie lereiie isielisiete lec otedeherencichettE RAO
Distribution, of Ol'd—house Borer: (Map) vice ccc ee: cieielchaleleseroleloteileieielecsierelclencielelclevoherelentcren roo
Soybean Cyst Nematode Quarantine Map. Centerfold.

WEATHER OF THE WEEK ENDING JANUARY 27

HIGHLIGHTS: Bitter cold weather continued over the northern Great Plains. Snow
reached record depths in the Cascades. Heavy rains saturated soil in southern
California resulting in mudslides which destroyed many homes, killing occupants,
and closing some canyon roads.

PRECIPITATION: Stormy weather covered almost all parts of the Nation last week.
Rainy season continued in the Pacific Northwest. Snow covers entire State of
Washington with depths ranging from 8 to 15 inches in the western lowland, 25 to
50 inches and 116 inches at 3,000 feet, and 225 inches at 5,500 feet in the
Cascades. Heavy rains in California, which began Saturday, January 18, slackened
temporarily late Tuesday after dumping up to 10 inches or more along the south
coast but intensified again two days later. The weather situation in southern
California became one of the worst on record. Mudslides closed some highways,
especially canyon roads. Many homes crushed by mud; many fell into canyons when
the saturated soil slipped from beneath them. Dozens of persons were killed -
buried in mud. Thousands of persons were made homeless. Estimates of damage range
widely from 30 million to 50 million dollars or more. Rain and snow fell in the
Great Basin and snow spread eastward from the Cascades to the northern Great
Plains. Freezing rain and freezing drizzle glazed the highways from eastern South
Dakota, Nebraska, and Kansas northeastward across Minnesota and Iowa to Wisconsin.
About midweek with arrival of colder temperatues, freezing rain ended and snow
began. Strong winds lifted snow into the air, reducing visibility and drifting
snow badly from the Dakotas to Kansas and from Minnesota to Arkansas. Travel was
slow, hazardous, and, in some places, impossible. Warm, moist air poured north-
ward over cold ground causing widespread fog from the eastern Great Plains to the
Atlantic Ocean. Fog hindered both surface and air travel. Rain in the Deep South
spread northward to the Middle Atlantic States on Monday and by Tuesday rain fell
from the Ohio River Valley to the middle Atlantic coast. Rain, drizzle, and fog™
occurred in the valleys and along the coast. Snow or mixture of snow and freezing
rain fell in the eastern mountains. Areas affected extended as far north as
Maryland by Thursday and to New England by weekend. On Thursday morning a tornado
in south-central Mississippi killed 28 persons, injured 138 others, and destroyed
96 dwellings. On Sunday 6-8 inches of snow fell over western and central Missouri
and 1-2 inches from eastern Missouri and southern Illinois to the southern
Appalachians where snow continued falling Monday morning. Weather of the week

continued on page 59.

SPECIAL INSECTS OF REGIONAL SIGNIFICANCE

ARMY CUTWORM (Chorizagrotis auxiliaris) - OKLAHOMA - Second to fourth instars up
to 1 per linear foot on Payne and Noble County wheat; present in Kingfisher County.
(Okla. Coop. Sur.).

GREENBUG (Schizaphis graminum) - NEW MEXICO - Averaged 4-8 per linear foot on
wheat at Clayton area, Union County; damage minor. (Mathews, Nielsen).
OKLAHOMA - Range per linear foot by county: Kay and Kingfisher 8-10 on wheat,
Payne and Noble 1-4, McCurtain 0-5. (Okla. Coop. Sur.). ARKANSAS - Survey
negative in northwest. (Boyer).

SPOTTED ALFALFA APHID (Therioaphis maculata) - OKLAHOMA - Up to 4 per square
yard on McCurtain County alfalfa. (Okla. Coop. Sur.).

SMALL GRAINS

APHIDS - OKLAHOMA - Rhopalosiphum padi up to 5 per linear foot in 2 McCurtain
County wheatfields. Macrosiphum avenae (English grain aphid) up to 1 per foot on
Payne and Noble County wheat. (Okla. Coop. Sur.). ARKANSAS - M. avenae low,
50-100 per 100 sweeps on oats in northwest; few alates. (Boyer).

FORAGE LEGUMES

PEA APHID (Acyrthosiphon pisum) - ARIZONA - Ranged 1,600-2,600 per 100 sweeps of
alfalfa on the Yuma Mesa, -Yuma County. (Ariz. Coop. Sur.). OKLAHOMA - Up to 4
per linear foot on McCurtain County alfalfa. (Okla. Coop. Sur.). MISSISSIPPI -
Moderate, approximately 40 adults and nymphs per 100 sweeps on Lee County
alfalfa. (Dinkins, Jan. 17). ARKANSAS - Ranged 5-10 per square foot on vetch
in northwest area. (Boyer).

EGYPTIAN ALFALFA WEEVIL (Hypera brunneipennis) - ARIZONA - Averaged 9 adults and
2 larvae per 100 sweeps of alfalfa at Yuma, Yuma County. (Ariz. Coop. Sur.).

GENERAL VEGETABLES

GREEN PEACH APHID (Myzus persicae) - ARIZONA - Some lettuce fields requiring
treatment at Yuma, Yuma County. (Ariz. Coop. Sur.).

DECIDUOUS FRUITS AND NUTS

ARMORED SCALES - CALIFORNIA - Parlatoria oleae (olive scale) heavy on apple tree
in Grass Valley, Nevada County, for a new county record. Aspidiotus perniciosus
(San Jose scale) heavy on almond trees at San Jose, Santa Clara County. (Cal:
Coop. Rpt.). FLORIDA - Pseudaulacaspis pentagona (white peach scale). moderate on
200 of 1,000 peach trees in nursery at Glen St. Mary, Baker County (Collins, King,
Jan. 8); females moderate on 1,000 of 10,000 peach trees in nursery at Mascotte,
Lake County (Henderson, Jan. 14).

CITRUS

ARMORED SCALES - FLORIDA - Parlatoria pergandii (chaff scale) and Lepidosaphes
gloverii (Glover scale) light on 2,100 of 3,000 Citrus sp. nursery trees at Plant
City, Hillsborough County. (Vaughan, Jan. 2).

SMALL FRUITS

EUROPEAN CORN BORER (Ostrinia nubilalis) - ARKANSAS - Single larva found in grape-
vine by E. Brown in Johnson County November 16, 1968. Determined by W.D. Weisman.
(Wylie, Rouse). This is a new host record. (Boyer).

ORNAMENTALS

A BARK BEETLE (Phloeosinus cupressi) - CALIFORNIA - Adults heavy on Monterey
cypress nursery Stock at Danville, Contra Costa County. (Cal. Coop. Rpt.).

ARMORED SCALES - FLORIDA - Mature scales of Ceroplastes floridensis (Florida wax
scale), some with eggs, severe on 1,320 container-grown plants of Burford holly
in nursery in Hillsborough County. (Vaughan, Dekle). The following are new
Florida Department of Plant Industry host records. All stages of Lepidosaphes
beckii (purple scale) on variegated elaeagnus (Elaeagnus pungens) October 29,

, at Raiford, Union County. (Collins). This is a new county record. (Fla.
Coop. Sur.). Aspidiotus juglansregiae (walnut scale) adults on stems of honey-
suckle (Lonicera heckrotti) October 31, 1968, in nursery at Gainesville, Alachua

County. (Graham).

BROWN SOFT SCALE (Coccus hesperidum) - CALIFORNIA - Heavy on orchids in orchid
house at Larkspur, Marin County. (Cal. Coop. Rpt.).

A MEALYBUG (Spilococcus pressus) - CALIFORNIA - Heavy on oleander at Brawley,
Imperial County. (Cal. Coop. Rpt.).

FOREST AND SHADE TREES

NANTUCKET PINE TIP MOTH (Rhyacionia frustrana) - OKLAHOMA - Live pupae in 75 per-
cent of young pine tips on roadsides in McCurtain County. (Okla. Coop. Sur.).

DOGWOOD BORER (Thamnosphecia scitula) - ALABAMA - Larval feeding increased in
cambium layer of many dogwood trees past 10-15 warm days statewide. Increased
larval feeding and movement attracted birds. Much fresh "pecking" injury to
bark. Many older infested spots on older trees have 2-15 larvae. (McQueen).

MAN AND ANIMALS

SCREW-WORM (Cochliomyia hominivorax) - Total of 3 cases reported in U.S. January
19-25 as follows: TEXAS — Starr, Webb, Zapata. Total of 82 cases reported in
portion of Barrier Zone in Republic of Mexico January 13-17 as follows:

Territorio sur de Baja California 12, Sonora 45, Coahuila 6, Nuevo Leon 4,
Tamaulipas 15. Total of 5 cases reported in Mexico south of Barrier Zone.

Barrier Zone is area where eradication operation underway to prevent establishment
of self-sustaining population in U.S. Sterile screw-worm flies released: Texas
10,168,000; Mexico 46,000,000. (Anim. Health Div.).

COMMON CATTLE GRUB (Hypoderma lineatum) - UTAH - Adults. very troublesome in
several areas of Emery County in 1968; grubs now a problem. (Day, Knowlton, Jan.
20). OKLAHOMA - Range per head on steers by county: Noble 5-18, Payne 0-9.
(Okla. Coop. Sur.). ARKANSAS - Average per head on cattle by county: Boone and
Faulkner 12 on untreated, Independence 10 on untreated and 0.5 on treated
animals. (Roberts).

CATTLE LICE - UTAH - Troublesome in several Kane County beef herds. (Knowlton,
Jan. 23). OKLAHOMA - Haematopinus eurysternus (short-nosed cattle louse) less
than 1 per hair part on Payne and Noble County steers. (Okla. Coop. Sur.).
MISSISSIPPI - Linognathus spp. moderate in dairy herd of 40 animals

in Oktibbeha County. (Dinkins, Jan. 17).

BR e) io

HOG LOUSE (Haematopinus suis) - OKLAHOMA - Light on Payne County hogs. (Okla.
Coop. Sur.).

BENEFICIAL INSECTS

TACHINA FLIES - OKLAHOMA - Reared from Peridroma saucia (variegated cutworm)
collected in Noble County May 1968: Periscepsia Taevigata, Archytas apicifer,
Euphorocera omissa, Peleteria texensis, Winthemia rufopicta, Clausicella opaca,

and GOnia Sequax. Determined by D.M. Wood. (Okla. Coop. Sur.).

HYMENOPTEROUS PARASITES - ARKANSAS - Active on small grain in northwest area
January 22. (Boyer). OKLAHOMA - Euplectrus plathypenae (a braconid) reared from
Peridroma saucia (variegated cutworm) collected in Noble County May 1968.
Determined by O. Peck. (Okla. Coop. Sur.).

FEDERAL AND STATE PLANT PROTECTION PROGRAMS

PINK BOLLWORM (Pectinophora gossypiella) - CALIFORNIA - Results of preliminary
statistical soil sampling in Coachella Valley. To date, 37 diapausing larvae
recovered from 9 of 15 samples representing 135 cubic feet of soil; 3 samples of

9 cubic feet each, drawn from each of 5 fields. Larvae about 11,761 per acre.
Host free period for cotton extended in district 3, comprising San Joaquin Valley
cotton counties and Los Angeles and San Bernardino Counties. Rain, fog, and
generally damp conditions in the valley delayed final harvest or stalk destruction
and cultivation of fields. Host free period for 1968-1969 crop year will be
February 1 to March 15, instead of from January 15, a reduction of 15 days.

(Cal. Coop. Rpt.).

RANGE CATERPILLAR (Hemileuca oliviae) - NEW MEXICO - Eggs very spotted and light
in Union and Harding Counties. Egg masses light to heavy in area west of Abbott
to Maxwell, Colfax County. (Mathews, Nielsen).

TULIPTREE SCALE (Toumeyella liriodendri) - CALIFORNIA - Prespray survey in infested
areas of San Jose started. In Willow Glen area only 2 blocks remain to be

treated. Skylift enabled scrutiny of yellow-poplar twigs 35 feet up; 146 trees

on 115 properties examined, including trees just outside spray area. No indica-
tions of live infestations. (Cal. Coop. Rpt.).

WEST INDIAN SUGARCANE ROOT BORER (Diaprepes abbreviatus) - FLORIDA - Larvae in
soil around roots of citrus trees at Plymouth and Apopka, Orange County.
(DeWolf et al., Jan. 15).

Weather of the week continued from page 56.

Gloomy weather with rain or fog occurred in most of the Great Lakes region and
the Northeast on several days. Areas with no rain or only light scattered
sprinkles last week include Texas and nearby portions of New Mexico and Oklahoma.

TEMPERATURE: Bitter cold prevailed through the week over Montana and North
Dakota. Minimums dropped far below zero each morning and remained below zero
many afternoons. Havre, Montana, chilled to -52° Friday morning and warmed to
-29 in the afternoon. The average temperature at Havre for the week was -25°.
By Friday morning the zero line enclosed parts of more than a dozen States and
extended as far south as northern New Mexico. Most of the central Great Plains
and the Southeast had remained above freezing but by Friday morning the freezing
line had moved south of Austin, Texas, dropping the temperature from 46° the
previous afternoon. Florida, however, still enjoyed summer temperatures with
daily ranges generally from near 60° in the mornings to about 75° in the after-
noons. Temperatures averaged above normal over the Southwest and much of the
East and below normal over the northern Rockies and the northern and central
Great Plains. Montana, the Dakotas, and Nebraska averaged more than 10° colder
than normal. (Summary supplied by Environmental Data Service, ESSA.)

=mIG Owe

HAWAII INSECT REPORT

General Vegetables - DIAMONDBACK MOTH (Plutella xylostella) larvae, pupae, and
adults heavy on celery (Chinese) cabbage at Kalaheo, Kauai. Larvae heavy, damage
light to moderate on watercress at Pearl City, Oahu. (Ikehara, Oshita).
GREENHOUSE WHITEFLY (Trialeurodes vaporariorum) trace to light on snap beans,
eggplants, cucumbers, and tomatoes in all farm areas on Oahu although bad weather
hampered controls. Decrease may be due to unusually cold weather. (Funasaki).

Fruits and Nuts - COCONUT SCALE (Aspidiotus destructor) increasing and spreading
On coconut trees from Honolulu International Airport area to Waianae district,
Oahu. Light in several small banana patches at Pearl City. An ARMORED SCALE
(Phenacaspis cockerelli) light to moderate and widespread on banana foliage in
80-acre field at Kaneohe, Oahu. Light to heavy on vlumeria, oleander, and various
palms in many reSidential areas of Honolulu and Waianae on Oahu and of Kona,
Hawaii Island. (Nakao, Yoshioka).

Ornamentals - A SPIDER MITE (Schizotetranychus celarius) heavy on foliage of
Ornamental bamboo on Honolulu International Airport grounds, Oahu. (Shiroma).
SWEETPOTATO HORNWORM (Agrius cingulatus) damage spotty on dichondra in Hawaii-
Kai area of Honolulu, Oahu. (Kajiwara).

Beneficial Insects - Adults of a TACHINA FLY (Trichopoda pennipes var. pilipes)
numerous on flowers of rattlebox, bur-marigold, and other weeds at Ewa, Oahu.
SOUTHERN GREEN STINK BUG (Nezara viridula), mostly nymphs, moderate on rattlebox.
(Hale, Funasaki).

Miscellaneous Insects - VAGRANT GRASSHOPPER (Schistocerca vaga) adults very heavy
in weed areas On Southwestern and western coasts of Oahu. Up to 12 adults per
10 by 10-foot area near the airport. (Olson et al.).

INSECT DETECTION

New North American Record

A DERMESTID BEETLE (Anthrenus coloratus Reitter) - Collected at Richmond, Virginia,
by I.E. Finold June 16, 1960. Also collected in California, District of Columbia,
Illinois, and Maryland, All determinations were made by M. Mroczkowski. (p. 61).

New County Records

OLIVE SCALE (Parlatoria oleae) - CALIFORNIA - Nevada County. (p. 57).

PURPLE SCALE (Lepidosaphes beckii) - FLORIDA - Union County. (p. 58).

CORRECTIONS

CEIR 19(2):27 - COOPERATIVE SURVEY ENTOMOLOGISTS - MARYLAND - Should read:
Mr. John L. Hellman, Department of Entomology, University of Maryland,
College Park 20742.

LIGHT TRAP COLLECTIONS

FLORIDA - Gainesville - 1/17-23, BL - Black cutworm (Agrotis ipsilon) 4, granulate
cutworm (Feltia subterranea) 10, yellow-striped armyworm (Prodenia ornithogalli) 1,
TEXAS - Brownsville - 1718-24, 55-86°F., 0.01 in., 2BL - Armyworm (Pseudaletia
unipuncta) 64, black cutworm 195, cabbage looper (Trichoplusia ni) 2, corn earworm
(Heliothis zea) 24, fall armyworm (Spodoptera frugiperda) 6, granulate cutworm 6,
salt-marsh caterpillar (Estigmene acrea) 1, tobacco budworm (H. virescens) 1
variegated cutworm (Peridroma Saucia) 40, yellow-striped armyworm 91. j

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MOVING REGULATED ARTICLES.

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ARTICLES.
Revised Nov. |, 1968. SEE REVERSE SIDE FOR REQUIREMENTS CONCERNING CERTIFICATION OF REGULATED

10.

THE FOLLOWING CROPS OR ARTICLES MUST BE MOVED UNDER CERTIFICATE OR
LIMITED PERMIT YEAR-ROUND EXCEPT AS NOTED

Soil, compost, decomposed manure, humus, muck, and peat, separately or
with other things.
Soil samples shipped to Corps of Engineers Laboratories are exempt.

Plants with roots.

Grass sod.

Plant crowns and roots for propagation.

True bulbs, corms, rhizomes, and tubers of ornamental plants.

Root crops, except those from which all soil has been removed.
Root crops, such as beets, carrots, Irish potatoes, onions,
radishes, rutabagas, sweetpotatoes, and turnips are exempt

if moving to a designated processing plant.*

Peanuts in shells and peanut shells, except boiled or roasted peanuts.
Peanuts are exempt if moving to a designated processing plant.*

Soybeans.
Soybeans, other than for seed purposes, are exempt** if harvested in bulk
or directly into new or treated containers, and if the beans and containers
thereof have not come in contact with the soil.

Hay, straw, fodder, and plant litter of any kind.

Seed cotton.
Seed cotton is exempt if moving to a designated gin.*

S lS
Anthrenus coloratus Reitter,

a Dermestid New to North America (Coleoptera)

Collections of a species of dermestid beetle made in Several localities in the
United States were recently determined by Dr. Maciek Mroczkowski of Warsaw,
Poland, to be Anthrenus (Anthrenops) coloratus Reitter (1800), the first records
of this species in North America. The species was previously known from Asia,
Africa, and Europe.

Anthrenus coloratus is easily distinguished from the other North American species
of Anthrenus by the following combination of characteristics:

1. Each antenna with 9 segments (fig. 4). Other species have 5, 8, or 1l
segments.

2. Basal abdominal segment without coxal lines. Compare fig. 2 and fig. 3.

3. Color pattern as in fig. 1. Transverse bands of golden yellow to
chocolate brown scales alternated with bands of gray scales.

4. Small size. Length 1.5 to 2.25 mm. Width 1.0 to 1.5 mm.

In color, this species most closely resembles Anthrenus verbasci (L.), but the
latter can be separated by its 1l-segmented antennae, coxal lines, and unique

emarginate eyes.

Little is known of the life history of Anthrenus coloratus except that it was bred
from caraway seeds in the Sudan (Hinton, 1945). The records listed here indicate
that it may be a minor pest of insect collections and may be found in the home or
in warehouses.

Records -- VIRGINIA: Richmond, June 6, 1960, I. E. Finold collector, in tobacco
warehouse; Arlington, June 5, 1966, in window of home. DISTRICT OF COLUMBIA:
July 25, 1968, Janice White collector; June 9, 1960, H. Roberson collector;

Nov. 1, 1964, in home; Jan. 31, 1968, John Lane collector, in dried insects.
MARYLAND: Silver Spring, August 1968, John Kingsolver, collector, in lamp globe.
ILLINOIS: Chicago, July 1963, Helen Kennedy collector, in cacao bean hulls from
Ecuador. CALIFORNIA: Heber, May 8, 1968, R. A. Flock collector, in alfalfa.

Reference: Hinton, H. E. 1945. <A monograph of the beetles associated with stored
products. Vol. 1. British Museum, London. 443 pp. (pp. 356-357).

See page 62 for illustrations.

John M. Kingsolver

Systematic Entomology Laboratory
Entomology Research Division, ARS, USDA
Washington, D.C.

Ls

Use

13.

14,

15.

THE FOLLOWING CROPS OR ARTICLES MUST BE MOVED UNDER CERTIFICATE OR
LIMITED PERMIT YEAR-ROUND EXCEPT AS NOTED

Soil, compost, decomposed manure, humus, muck, and peat, separately or
with other things.

Soil samples shipped to Corps of Engineers Laboratories are exempt.

Plants with roots.

Grass sod.

Plant crowns and roots for propagation.

True bulbs, corms, rhizomes, and tubers of ornamental plants.

Root crops, except those from which all soil has been removed.
Root crops, such as beets, carrots, Irish potatoes, onions,
radishes, rutabagas, sweetpotatoes, and turnips are exempt
if moving to a designated processing plant.*

Peanuts in shells and peanut shells, except boiled or roasted peanuts.
Peanuts are exempt if moving to a designated processing plant.*

Soybeans.

Soybeans, other than for seed purposes, are exempt** if harvested in bulk
or directly into new or treated containers, and if the beans and containers
thereof have not come in contact with the soil.

Hay, straw, fodder, and plant litter of any kind.

Seed cotton,
Seed cotton is exempt if moving to a designated gin.*

Ear corn, except shucked ear corn.

Unshucked ear corn is exempt** if harvested without coming into contact
with the soil.

Used crates, boxes, burlap bags, cottonpicking sacks, and other used
farm-products containers.

Cottonpicking sacks are exempt** if they have been cleaned or treated to
the satisfaction of the inspector.

Used farm tools and implements.
Used farm tools and implements are exempt®* if cleaned free of soil.

Used mechanized cultivating equipment and used harvesting machinery.

Used mechanized soil-moving equipment.

*Information as to designated facilities, gins, oil mills, and processing plants
may be obtained from an inspector.

**Exempt if not exposed to infestation after cleaning or other prescribed handling.

62

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The Greenbug Situation on Sorghum-1968

Widespread outbreaks of greenbug (Schizaphis graminum (Rondani)) 1/ were reported
on grain sorghum in the Midwest and Southwest in 1968. 2/ Severe infestations
were reported from Nebraska, Kansas, Oklahoma, Texas, New Mexico, and Arizona.
Infestations on sorghum were also reported in California, Utah, Colorado, Wyoming,
and South Dakota, but the problem was not as Serious as in the aforementioned
States, Although a localized outbreak was reported on sorghum in Kansas in 1916,
the aphid has never before been recorded causing widespread damage to that crop
in this country. In fact, there are very few reports in Agricultural Research
Service files of S. graminum occurring on sorghum,

Greenbug is of European origin, being first reported in the United States during

1882 in Virginia. It is now generally distributed over most of the country with

its range extending northward into Canada, S. graminum is not common in the

New England States. The greatest damage from thiS peSt has occurred in the large
grain-producing States west of the Mississippi River, including Texas, Oklahoma,

Kansas, and Nebraska. Greenbug is considered the most destructive aphid that

infests small grains in this country.

The first indication of this new development on sorghum came on September 19,
1967, when infestations were reported from 4 counties in west Texas, First
reports of damage to sorghum by greenbug in 1968 came from Jefferson County,
Nebraska, on May 20 when plants were 1.5 to 2 inches high. Damage to seedling
sorghum was reported May 24 in Geary County, Kansas. Large numbers of greenbug
were observed on this crop in Parmer County, Texas, the first week of July and in
east-central New Mexico at the same time. Greenbug on sorghum in Oklahoma was
first noted in Marshall County and in the southwest area during mid-July. The
problem first appeared on sorghum in Cochise County, Arizona, in mid-July.

Greenbug populations increased slowly in Nebraska until about July 25, then
increased at an explosive rate. Almost all sorghum acreage in the State was
affected. Populations declined sharply by early August in the eastern area and
had all but disappeared in the southwest and the panhandle areas of Nebraska by
mid-August. The outbreak was first noted in Kansas in the northeast and within
2 weeks heavy numbers were found in many areas of the western section of the
State. Infestations moved from south-central and southwestern Oklahoma into
central, west-central, and northwestern areas of the State in very high numbers
in restricted areas,

By July 20, greenbug was present on sorghum in most counties in the High Plains
and panhandle areas of Texas. Populations developed rapidly. Scattered infesta-
tions were observed in the Rolling Plains counties, but economic populations were
very rare. Greenbug also occurred on sorghum in central and southern counties of
Texas, but no economic populations were encountered,

Infestations in New Mexico moved northward from the east-central area. Greenbug
was first observed on sorghum in Arizona at San Simon in Cochise County in early
July. By late July and early August greenbug ranged light to heavy on sorghum
throughout the county. Greenbug was not a particular problem on sorghum in

l/ According to recent taxonomic studies by L.M. Russell, this aphid on sorghum
appears to be this species.

2/ A questionnaire was submitted to cooperators in 21 States in an attempt to

gather information on the greenbug problem on sorghum in the fall of 1968.
This report is based on responses received from all of these States.

=) 63 =

BG Ave

California, The aphid occurred on this crop in only 6 counties and no significant
damage was reported. The outbreak on feed sorghums in Washington County, Utah,
became serious in late August and early September.

Greenbug populations were light but general throughout the sorghum-growing areas
of Colorado by mid-July. By early August, infestations were heavy on lower

leaves and damage was occurring. Populations on sorghum peaked August 16 in
Wyoming and declined thereafter. The only infestation observed in the State was
on 40 acres of experimental sorghum, Damage to sorghum in South Dakota was first
observed in late July, at which time infestations were well advanced. An accurate
estimate of the overall situation was difficult in the State as infestation was
spotted. Incidence was higher in south-central counties, but infestations were
detected as far north as Spink County.

According to contributors to this report, the principal factors involved in the
greenbug problem on sorghum during 1968 were the rapidity with which infestations
developed, the large area involved, a lack of knowledge of the pest on sorghum,
and the unseaSonable behavior of the aphid. Weather conditions also influenced
the situation, Conditions were favorable for greenbug development.

The aphid reached damaging numbers before parasites and predators increased to
effective levels. By late July and early August, however, populations of benefi-
cial insects increased to significant levels in most areas and greenbug popula-
tions decreased. Damage to sorghum in some Sections would have been more severe
if predators and parasites had not been active.

There is an indication that the greenbug on planted wheat in some areas is the
same biotype that infested sorghum. The greenbug on sorghum in Nebraska appeared
to move to volunteer wheat where it remained in low numbers until late August
when several infestations were reported on rye. The pest was observed on newly
planted winter wheat during late September in eastern Nebraska. Movement to
volunteer wheat occurred during late August in Kansas. In Oklahoma, there was no
movement of greenbug from sorghum to small grains apparent after beneficial
insects increased to effective levels.

No movement from sorghum to fall-planted small grains was reported in Arizona.
In California, greenbug was found on some volunteer oats and barley and large
numbers occurred on Johnson grass in Kings County. Some were seen on volunteer
barley in Glenn, Fresno, Tulare, and Imperial Counties. Wheat emerging prior to
September 1 in Colorado was completely killed out. After this date, emergence
and survival were good, but the aphid ranged light to moderate on wheat in the
Arkansas Valley. A survey completed October 5 in South Dakota indicated very
little, if any, movement from sorghum to wheat.

Greenbug infested an estimated 7,343,000 acres of sorghum in the nine States

where the problem was the most serious, An estimated 3,327,000 acres were treated.
The average cost per acre for control ranged from $1.50 to $5.50 and averaged
$2.60. The estimated loss to sorghum due to infestations of greenbug in 1968 was
well in excess of $20,000,000 with Kansas, Oklahoma, Nebraska, and New Mexico
reporting the most damage. No definite loss figures are yet available from
Oklahoma and Texas,

See table on page 65.

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February 7, 1969

vod No. 6

— Coo perative

ECONOMIC INSECT
REPORT

Issued by
PLANT PEST CONTROL DIVISION
AGRICULTURAL RESEARCH SERVICE
UNITED STATES DEPARTMENT OF AGRICULTURE

AGRICULTURAL RESEARCH SERVICE

PLANT PEST CONTROL DIVISION

SURVEY AND DETECTION OPERATIONS

The Cooperative Economic Insect Report is issued
weekly as a service to American Agriculture. its contents
are compiled from information supplied by cooperating State,
Federal, and industrial entomologists and other agricultural
workers. In releasing this material the Division serves as
a clearing house and doesnot assume responsibility for ac-
curacy of the material.

All reports and inquiries pertaining to this release,
including the mailing list, should be sent to:

Survey and Detection Operations
Plant Pest Control Division
Agricultural Research Service
United States Department of Agriculture
Federal Center Building
Hyattsville, Maryland 20782

Volume 19 February 7, 1969 Number 6

COOPERATIVE ECONOMIC INSECT REPORT

HIGHLIGHTS

Current Conditions
ALFALFA WEEVIL larvae appearing in Mississippi. (p. 69).

No SCREW-WORM cases reported in southwestern U.S. (p. 70).

Detection

New State records include a TICK in Arkansas (p. 70) and a WHITEFLY and an
ENCYRTID WASP in Hawaii (p. 72).

For new county records see page 73.

Special Reports

BOLL WEEVIL hibernation survey for fall of 1968 shows the average number of
weevils per acre is lower than for fall of 1967 in all areas surveyed in six
Southern States. (p. 74).

Summary of Insect Conditions in Hawaii - 1968. (p. 77).

Reports in this issue are for week ending January 31 unless otherwise indicated.

=> B75

SGSne

CONTENTS
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Insects Affecting

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General VeEgcetablesi ccc ccvcicisicie soleisOo Manvand -Andmalis:y ceverccte «cle sleietetorerelsenlO,
Gina Gone oO Oc oO OO Serensdenerehcislelere ere OU SICOLC CG PLOGUC CSterere ehelcienchetelerenentenencrenenen(el

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Federal and State Plant Protection Programs. < « sic:0\«\c ele) eo) «)'e:siele) sie e)/e fells (1s) eleicieuenenereneneNeple
Haw aici OENSCC Ce RE POI Vac. -o- ovetolerellels c\cnenenciexeleiereie: cel evorsleierenenelstelctcveverecchoverey aa) enenetenenenchetelonetemen thes
insect, Detectionyes « «6. EAOO GOTO OU COUDUOUDU GC OOUGdOODUOOUDODGOOUOdOGoDOOODOC0000UF
COPLSCHHONSHieletelereclelenene cle! oleieiele elishoiel one elelie ence resister cielerereieieleleeleleielelehslenechehonch chien sheketever Monentk
Wachitee hr Aips COMMECE MONS «1 sel avelal ele spoters) shel sialenselalc eel ofere efalenolonoielevenekelclelolovchReneceNevede: ciel ae tenenentio)
Bold) Weevil, Hibernation Survey = Mad VOCS. ccis cc crsneserere © cic ailetisie) ciel clleice vel olel cuelenoscnonenementice
Summary of Insect Conditions) ini Hawaleati— el GS isis cyto ransret oo sie spave) el sGod sl ete) ojieleh cherel stein oponen (Atl

WEATHER BUREAU'S 30-DAY OUTLOOK
FEBRUARY 1969

The Weather Bureau's 30-day outlook for February calls for temperatures to
average above seasonal normals over the eastern half of the country as well as
the southern Plains. Below normal temperatures are expected from the northern
Plains through the northern half of the Great Basin to the West Coast States
while near normal temperatures are in prospect in unspecified areas. Precipitation
is expected to exceed normal from the Appalachians through the Mississippi Valley
as well as over northern portions of the Plains and Rockies. Although heavier
than normal amounts are in prospect for the West Coast States, the excessive
rains of the past month in California are not likely to recur. Lighter than
normal rainfall is expected over the southern Plains, while near normal totals
are indicated elsewhere.

Weather forecast given here is based on the official 30-day "Resume and Outlook"
published twice a month by the Weather Bureau. You can subscribe through the
Superintendent of Documents, Washington, D.C. 20250. Price $5.00 a year.

WEATHER OF THE WEEK ENDING FEBRUARY 3

HIGHLIGHTS: Heavy snow continued to accumulate in the Far Northwest. Montana
emerged from the ''deep freeze.'' Mild sunny weather continued in Florida.

PRECIPITATION: Stormy weather covered most of the Nation early in the week.

Heavy snow continued in Washington. On Friday snow slides blocked all highway
passes and drifting snow closed many highways in the eastern part of the State.
Snow accumulated to 12 to 20 inches along the coast and in the Puget Sound low-
lands, 30 to 50 inches in the foothills, and 140 to over 200 inches in the
mountains. Heavy rains and strong winds continued the first part of the week in
California but tapered off after Tuesday. Precipitation in the Rockies and the
western Great Plains, snow in the north,and mostly showers in the south ranged
from moderate to heavy west of the Continental Divide but was mostly light east

of the Divide and in the nearby Plains, Heavy snow fell from the eastern portions
of the Dakotas to the Great Lakes early in the week, accumulating to 2 to 3 feet
in the Dakotas to about 4 feet in west-central Minnesota and near 3.5 feet in
northern Wisconsin. Freezing rain or freezing drizzle, sometimes mixed with light
snow, occurred from eastern Nebraska early in the week to New England and south-
ward along the coast by Thursday. Highways became heavily iced and driving, even
walking, became hazardous in some areas, Weather of the week continued on page 73.

- 69 -

SPECIAL INSECTS OF REGIONAL SIGNIFICANCE

GREENBUG (Schizaphis graminum) - OKLAHOMA - Moderate to heavy numbers scattered
in wheat in several southwest and south-central counties, especially in ungrazed
fields. (Okla. Coop. Sur.). KANSAS - Remains light in wheat in Finney County.
(DePew). MISSISSIPPI - Light on winter wheat in Yazoo and Franklin Counties.
Nymphs, wingless adults, and some developing alate forms present. (Dinkins).
NEW JERSEY - Moderate on barley near Harmony, Warren County. Collected December
9, 1968, by H. Serfass. Determined by M.D. Leonard. This is a new county
record. (Race).

SPOTTED ALFALFA APHID (Therioaphis maculata) - ARIZONA - Populations decreased on
alfalfa in Yuma County due to cool weather and heavy showers. Currently 200 per
100 sweeps. (Ariz. Coop. Sur.).

SMALL GRAINS

ENGLISH GRAIN APHID (Macrosiphum avenae) - ALABAMA - Light in 2 Lee County oat-
fields. Winged forms and stem mothers becoming active. (McQueen).

FORAGE LEGUMES

PEA APHID (Acyrthosiphon pisum) - ARIZONA - Average per 100 sweeps in alfalfa in
Yuma County: Yuma Valley 400, Yuma Mesa 1,750, Parker and Poston 300. (Ariz.
Coop. Sur.). MISSISSIPPI - Light to medium in Lee County alfalfa; approximately
20-25 adults and nymphs in 50 sweeps. (Dinkins, Jan. 24). FLORIDA - Approximately
2-3 per sweep on alfalfa at Gainesville, Alachua County; increasing. (Mead).

THREE-CORNERED ALFALFA HOPPER (Spissistilus festinus) - ARIZONA - Averaged 15 per
100 sweeps of alfalfa in Yuma Valley, Yuma County. Crize coop. Sur).

A LEAFHOPPER (Agallia constricta) - VIRGINIA - Adults 100 per 100 sweeps of red
clover in Botetourt County. Determined by J.P. Kramer. (Allen).

EGYPTIAN ALFALFA WEEVIL (Hypera brunneipennis) - ARIZONA - Larvae building up on
alfalfa in Yuma area, Yuma County; averaged 30 per 100 sweeps. (Ariz. Coop.
Surkpk.

ALFALFA WEEVIL (Hypera postica) - MISSISSIPPI - Averaged 8 first and second
instars per square foot in Lee County alfalfa. (Dinkins, Jan. 24).

SPOTTED CUCUMBER BEETLE (Diabrotica undecimpunctata howardi) - FLORIDA - Adults
18 per 100 sweeps of alfalfa at Gainesville, Alachua County. (Mead).

BEET ARMYWORM (Spodoptera exigua) - ARIZONA - Averaged 5 per 100 sweeps of
alfalfa at Yuma, Yuma County. (Ariz. Coop. Sur.).

ALFALFA CATERPILLAR (Colias eurytheme) - ARIZONA - Light on alfalfa in Yuma Valley,
Yuma County; ranged 0-10 per 100 sweeps. (Ariz. Coop. Sur.).

GREEN CLOVERWORM (Plathypena scabra) - FLORIDA - Larvae 16 per 100 sweeps of
alfalfa at Gainesville, Alachua County. (Mead).
GENERAL VEGETABLES

GREEN PEACH APHID (Myzus persicae) - ARIZONA - Colonies present on larger lettuce
at Yuma, Yuma County. Treatments required. (Ariz. Coop. Sur.).

= OMe

CITRUS

AN ARMORED SCALE (Unaspis citri) - FLORIDA - All stages very light on 82,000
citrus nursery trees at Bay Lake and Clermont in Lake County (Henderson) ;
infesting all 52 citrus nursery plants at Gotha, Orange County (Ware).

ORNAMENTALS

TEA SCALE (Fiorinia theae) - ALABAMA - Crawlers on several hundred camellias
examined in Lee County. (McQueen).

FERN SCALE (Pinnaspis aspidistrae) - CALIFORNIA - Adults heavy on Liriope spicata
nursery stock at Oroville, Butte County. (Cal. Coop. Rpt.).

FLORIDA RED SCALE (Chrysomphalus aonidum) - FLORIDA - All stages were taken on
Philodendron selloum at a nurSery in Ocala, Marion County. (Holder). This is
new Florida Department of Plant Industry host record. (Fla. Coop. Sur.).

AN ARMORED SCALE (Parlatoria proteus) - FLORIDA - Taken on leather leaf viburnum
(Viburnum rhytidophyllum) at nursery near Federal Point, Putnam County. (Graham).
This iS new Florida Department of Plant Industry host record. (Fla. Coop. Sur.).

A LEAF ROLLER MOTH (Platynota stultana) - CALIFORNIA - Adults and larvae heavy on
gardenia nursery stock in San Lorenzo, Alameda County. (Cal. Coop. Rpt.).

FOREST AND SHADE TREES

CONIFER BARK BEETLES (Dendroctonus spp.) - CALIFORNIA - D. brevicomis (western
pine beetle) and D. valens (red turpentine beetle) active. Damage increasing in
Letts Lake area of Mendocino National Forest; 40+ ponderosa and sugar pines killed
in 80-acre lakeshore area. (Rieger, USFS).

PACIFIC FLATHEADED BORER (Chrysobothris mali) - OREGON - Infested 500-600 plants
in highway planting of about 20,000 plants along 9 miles of freeway near Azalea,
Douglas County. Mostly dogwood, mockorange, and oceanspray planted during fall
1967; severe infestation noted during summer 1968. Infested plants replaced
during November 1968. (Hazelton, Westcott).

MAN AND ANIMALS

SCREW-WORM (Cochliomyia hominivorax) - No cases were reported in U.S. January
26-February Ll. Total of I07 cases reported in portion of Barrier Zone in Republic
of Mexico January 20-25 as follows: Territorio sur de Baja California 6, Sonora
71, Chihuahua 2, Coahuila 5, Nuevo Leon 8, Tamaulipas 15. Total of 2 cases
reported in Mexico south of Barrier Zone. Barrier Zone is area where eradication
operation underway to prevent establishment of self-sustaining population in U.S.
Sterile screw-worm flies released: Texas 3,068,000; Mexico 42,500,000. (Anim.
Health Div.).

CATTLE GRUBS (Hypoderma spp.) - KANSAS - Survey underway throughout State. Pre-
liminary reports indicate numbers slightly higher than in 1967 in south-central

and southeast areas. (Simpson). OKLAHOMA - H. lineatum (common cattle grub)
light on cattle in Mayes County. (Okla. Coop. Sur.). MISSISSIPPI - Hypoderma

spp. larvae averaged 5-6 per animal on 4 milk cows in Yazoo County. (Dinkins).

A TICK (Ornithodoros concanensis) - ARKANSAS - Collected from a nest of eastern

phoebe (Phoebe seyornis) by B. Schiefer in Stone County January 4, 1969. Deter-
mination by G.M. Kohis. This is a new State record. (Boyer).

= TALS

STORED PRODUCTS

POTATO TUBERWORM (Phthorimaea operculella) - PENNSYLVANIA - Heavy on stored
potatoes in Cambria County. (Adams, Jan. 14).

PEA WEEVIL (Bruchus pisorum) - VIRGINIA - Damaged peas in storage room in Scott
County. (Pratt, Amos, Jan. 23).

BENEFICIAL INSECTS

A EUPELMID WASP (Eupelmus cyaniceps amicus) - PENNSYLVANIA - Parasitized cocoons
of Diprion similis (introduced pine Sawfly) collected by A. Jeffery and L. Rhodes
during September and October 1968 in Chester County. Determined by B.D. Burks
and E. Simons. (Adams).

TACHINA FLIES - WEST VIRGINIA - Madremyia saundersii and Lespesia archippivora
reared from adults of Danaus plexippus (monarch butterfly) collected in
Monongalia County, Determined by C.W. Sabrosky. (Weaver).

FEDERAL AND STATE PLANT PROTECTION PROGRAMS

CITRUS BLACKFLY (Aleurocanthus woglumi) - MEXICO - Chemical Control Zone -
Inspections made of 23,841 trees on 378 acres in Matamoros district negative.

In Monterrey district, 781 trees on 560 acres in Municipios Linares, Hualahuises,
and Montemorelos, Nuevo- Leon, found infested; includes 6 new infestations in these
Municipios. Inspections of 2,201 trees on 237 properties at Hermosillo, Sonora,
and of 43 trees on 10 properties at Tijuana, Baja California, negative. Biological
Control Zone - Inspection of 648 trees on 11 acres in Municipio Victoria,
Tamaulipas, negative. (PPC Mex. Reg., Dec. Rpt.).

IMPORTED FIRE ANT (Solenopsis saevissima richteri) - TEXAS - Adults light on
grass at Madisonville, Madison County. Collected by O.H. Barham and W.T.
Williamson January 21. Determined by D.R. Smith. This is a new county record.
(PPC).

MEXICAN FRUIT FLY (Anastrepha ludens) - MEXICO - Total of 25 native flies (12
males, 13 females) trapped at Tijuana, Baja California, during 1968. One native
male fly caught at Ensenada during year. No native flies caught at Tecate.
Total of 15 native flies caught at La Paz, Territorio sur de “Baja California
during 1968. Jn addition, 318 A. spatulata taken at La Paz during same period.
(PPC Mex. Reg., Dec. Rpt.).

PINK BOLLWORM (Pectinophora gossypiella) - NEW MEXICO - Lint cleaner inspections
of gins in southwest areas revealed 16 larvae from 105 bales of short staple
cotton; no larvae recovered from 40 bales of long staple cotton. (Hare).

SWEETPOTATO WEEVIL (Cylas formicarius elegantulus) - NEW MEXICO - Survey of sweet-—
potatoes in warehouse at Portales, Roosevelt County, negative. (Mathews).

WOOLLY WHITEFLY (Aleurothrixus floccosus) - CALIFORNIA - Biological control
investigations progressing. Eretmocerus paulistus (a eulophid wasp) and Amitus
spiniferus (a platygasterid wasp) considered established in release areas of
San Diego. Colonies increased. (Cal. Coop. Rpt.).

WHITE GARDEN SNAIL (Theba pisana) - CALIFORNIA - Detection survey in 10-block
area involving 248 properties in Manhattan Beach, Los Angeles County, negative.
(Cal. Coop. Rpt.).

TOR

HAWAII INSECT REPORT

New State Records - A WHITEFLY (Paraleyrodes perseae) light on plumeria in lower
Manoa area Of Honolulu, Oahu. Determined by L.M. Russell. (Beardsley). An
ENCYRTID WASP (Aphycus portoricensis) reared from Asterolecanium pustulans (pit
scale) collected at Barbers Point, Oahu, in April 1965. Described from Puerto
Rico; apparently an accidental immigrant. Determined by J.W. Beardsley.
(Beardsley).

General Vegetables - SWEETPOTATO VINE BORER (Omphisa anastomosalis) heavy in all
sweetpotato fields on windward Oahu and at Haiku, Maui; damage heavy on vines,
slight on tubers. SWEETPOTATO WEEVIL (Cylas formicarius elegantulus) and SWEET-
POTATO HORNWORM (Agrius cingulatus) very light in all fields. (Satoyama,
Funasaki). LEAF MINER FLIES (Liriomyza spp.) larvae and adults decreased from
heavy to light in 10 acres of carrots at Kealahou, Maui, elevation 2,000 feet.
Larvae light on small plantings of cucumbers at Kahului, Maui, and in many snap
and yard-long bean fields on Oahu. (Miyahira, Arakaki). CABBAGE APHID
(Brevicoryne’ brassicae) light on backyard broccoli plantings at Puunene, Maui.
Heavy (10-20 per Square inch) on older leaves in 1.5 acres of head cabbages at
Kaaawa, Oahu. (Olson, Suzukawa). Mostly SOUTHERN GREEN STINK BUG (Nezara
viridula) nymphs moderate to heavy on wild spider flower (Gynandropsis gynandra)
at Kahului; very light in acre of watercress at Pauwela, Maui. About 90 percent
of adults bore eggs of Trichopoda pennipes and/or T. pennipes var. pilipes
(tachina flies). (Miyahira, Ah Sam). re

Fruits and Nuts - GIFFARD WHITEFLY (Bemisia giffardi) heavy on orange and tangerine
trees at Kahului and light on grapefruit at Makawao, Maui; moldy leaves on many
trees at Kahului. FLORIDA RED SCALE (Chrysomphalus aonidum) heavy on coconut
leaves of many trees at Kahului, Wailuku, and Lahaina on Maui; yellowed leaves
conspicuous. (Miyahira).

Miscellaneous Insects - One adult of a PYRRHOCORID BUG (Melamphaus faber) caught
in building at Hickam Air Force Base, Honolulu, Oahu, December 6, 1968, by D.H.
Kong. No additional specimens to date. Known to occur in Malaysia, breeds on
fruits of chaulmoogra tree (Hydnocarpus sp.). Determined by J.L. Herring.
(Takabayashi). RED-SHOULDERED STINK BUG (Thyanta accerra) remains very light and
confined to swollen fingergrass on southwestern and western coasts of Oahu.
Averaged 20 nymphs and/or adults per 100 sweeps in airport area and at Ewa.
(Funasaki).

INSECT DETECTION

New State Records

A TICK (Ornithodoros concanensis) - ARKANSAS - Collected from a nest of eastern
phoebe (Phoebe Seyornis) by B. Schiefer in Stone County January 4. Determined
by G.M. Kohls. (Ga

A WHITEFLY (Paraleyrodes perseae) - HAWAII - On plumeria in lower Monoa area of
Honolulu, Oahu. Determined by L.M. Russell. (p. 72).

AN ENCYRTID WASP (Aphycus portoricensis) - HAWAII - Reared from Asterolecanium
pustulans (pit scale) collected at Barbers Point, Oahu, in April 1965. Deter-
mined by J.W. Beardsley. (p. 72).

New County Records

GREENBUG (Schizaphis graminum) - NEW JERSEY - Warren County. (p. 69).

IMPORTED FIRE ANT (Solenopsis saevissima richteri) - TEXAS - Madison County.
(age TD yic

a eR

CORRECTIONS

CEIR 18(51):1139 - YELLOW SCALE (Aonidiella citrina) - FLORIDA - Taken on
crapemyrtle should read: Taken on Japanese privet (Ligustrum japonicum).
This is not a new host record. (ElageCoops Suni

CEIR 19(5):60 - INSECT DETECTION - A DERMESTID BEETLE (Anthrenus coloratus
Reitter) - Line 2 should read: "by I.E. Finold June 6, 1960..."

LIGHT TRAP COLLECTIONS

FLORIDA - Gainesville - 1/24-30, BL - Granulate cutworm (Feltia subterranea) 5,
yellow-striped armyworm (Prodenia ornithogalli) 3. TEXAS -— Brownsville —
1/25-31, 2BL, 48-84°F., 0.07 in. - Armyworm (Pseudaletia unipuncta) 12, black
cutworm (Agrotis ipsilon) 67, cabbage looper (Trichoplusia ni » corn earworm
(Heliothis zea) 11, granulate cutworm 11, variegated cutworm (Peridroma saucia)
7, yellow-striped armyworm 27.

Weather of the week continued from page 68.

Widespread fog from the central Great Plains to the middle Atlantic coast
increased the danger of driving. Some schools in eastern West Virginia were
kept closed on Wednesday because of the severe glaze. Moderate to heavy showers
fell at midweek from northeastern Texas to the Ohio River Valley and spread over
the rest of the East by weekend. Totals from southwestern to northeastern
Arkansas ranged from 6 to 8 inches. Considerable flooding occurred in Arkansas
and in the Ohio River Valley. Ice jams in the Maumee River in Ohio caused
flooding that forced 25 families from their homes. Snow fell in the central

and southern Appalachians in the latter half of the week, with freezing rains in
the Piedmont and rain along the coast.

TEMPERATURE: Intense cold continued in the northern Rocky Mountains and the
northern Great Plains. The temperature at Havre, Montana, struggled to reach
-20° Wednesday afternoon and plunged to -44° Thursday morning. Some stations in
Montana had remained in subzero weather Since Friday, January 17. A large area
from eastern Washington to the Red River of the North averaged 10° to more than
20° colder than normal. In contrast temperatures in southern Texas and southern
Florida dropped to the upper 60's each night and reached the upper 70's and low
80's in the afternoon. <A cold front separated the cold air from the warm air
and, at times, the transition zone was rather narrow. For instance,on Tuesday
afternoon the respective afternoon maximums at Ponca City, Oklahoma, and Fort
Smith, Arkansas, were 34° and 74°. The distance between the two locations is
less than 200 miles. A Chinook late in the week brought the temperatures above
freezing in western Montana, to the 30's in Wyoming, and the 40's in the western
portions of South Dakota and Nebraska. Eastern North Dakota continued in the
"deep freeze.'' The East and South warmed during the week and averaged above
normal. A large area from Texas to Ohio and West Virginia averaged 7 to 12°
warmer than normal. (Summary supplied by Environmental Data Service, ESSA.)

Boll Weevil Hibernation Survey - Fall 1968

The fall collections of surface ground (woods) trash samples (two square yards
per sample) have been completed in six Southern States by State and Federal
agencies to determine the number of boll weevil (Anthonomus grandis) adults that
went into hibernation. A total of 3 Samples was collected at each location in the
Carolinas, Mississippi, Louisiana, and Texas; 12 samples were taken in Tennessee,
In North and South Carolina, 30 locations were sampled in each area; the number
of counties per area from which Samples were taken varied from 3 to 6. In
Mississippi, a total of 45 samples was taken from 15 locations in each of 4 areas;
each area was composed of 2 counties. A total of 45 locations was sampled in
northeastern Louisiana; 20 locations in Madison Parish, 10 in Tensas Parish, and
5 each in East Carroll, West Carroll, and Richland Parishes. This is the first
year trash samples have been collected in Richland Parish, In Texas, 75 samples
were taken from either 6 or 7 locations in each of 4 counties.

Average counts (live weevils per acre) were lower than those of 1967 in all areas
surveyed. The number of weevils per acre entering hibernation in north-central
North Carolina decreased from 4,060 in 1967 to 914 in 1968. The decrease in
southern Tennessee was from 7,580 in 1967 to 1,210 in 1968.

In Florence County, South Carolina, where fall examinations have been made since
1942 (except for the fall of 1946), the number of weevils per acre (4,734) is the
lowest since the fall of 1954. j

In Tennessee, the survey was conducted in McNairy, Hardin, Fayette, and Hardeman
Counties as infestations were heaviest in these counties during the growing
season. The number of weevils per acre averaged 1,210 in those counties. This
compares with 7,580 in 1967, 7,120 in 1966, 1,211 in 1965, 807 in 1964, 1,089 in
1963, 3,633 in 1962, and 3,025 in 1961. The figures for 1965 through 1961 are
for McNairy County only.

The 1968 State average for Mississippi was 2,768 live weevils per acre of ground
trash. This compares with 6,304 in 1967, 2,956 in 1966, 7,325 in 1965, 4,545 in
1964, 3,010 in 1963, 6,213 in 1962, and 8,403 in 1961. Except for Monroe County,
there were fewer weevils present in every county in the fall of 1968 than in the
fall of 1967.

In the five-parish area of northeast Louisiana, the average number of boll weevils
per acre was 3,137. The average per parish was 4,114 in Madison, 2,986 in Tensas,
806 in East Carroll, 2,420 in West Carroll, and 2,581 in Richland. During the
past 32 years that these records have been made in Madison Parish, there were 13
years when the number of weevils per acre was higher than in 1968. In the past

13 years that these records have been made in East Carroll and Tensas Parishes,
the 1968 average was lower than any previous year in East Carroll and had been
exceeded 7 times in Tensas. Collection of woods trash was started November 20 and
completed December 5. All but 15 samples were collected from November 20 to
November 26, but rain prevented collection of trash in West Carroll Parish until
December 5. The lowest temperature recorded was 29° November 21. The temperature
was 32° October 29, 31° November 12 and December 4, 30° November 13 and 19, Rain-
fall was recorded on 7 days after November 20, for a total of 4.21 inches. There
were 8.85 inches of rain in November.

In central Texas, boll weevils averaged 4,070 per acre in the fall of 1968 compared
with 4,942 in 1967, 4,877 in 1966, 4,425 in 1965, 4,406 in 1964, 517 in 1963,

Te (Slain) VO62) 64.. ay ain 1961, and 4,501 in 1960. More weevils entered hibernation
in the fall of 1968 in McLennan County than any year except 1959 when the survey
was started, In Limestone County the number was higher than any year except 1964
and in Falls County more weevils were found than in 4 of the previous 9 years, In
Hill County fewer weevils were found this year than in any previous except 1963.
The area average was lower in the fall of 1968 than in any year except 1962 and
1963. Planting was delayed in Falls, Limestone, and McLennan Counties for 3 to 4

7A

er 7S

weeks and in Hill County for 8 to 9 weeks by excessive rains. Harvest and stalk
destruction were 3 to 4 weeks late in Falls, Limestone, and McLennan Counties

and moderate to heavy numbers of boll weevil built up and entered hibernation.
Infestation was light in Hill County, probably due to the very late planting date.
(H.M. Taft, A.R,. Hopkins, J.H, Locke, T.R, Pfrimmer, T.C, Cleveland, C.B, Cowan),

BOLL- WEEVIL HIBERNATION SURVEYS - FALL 1968
Area (State and County) Number of Weevils

Per Acre
1967 1968

NORTH AND SOUTH CAROLINA

South Central South Carolina (Orangeburg, Bamberg, and
Dorchester Counties). 1,802 1,640

Coastal Plain of South and North Carolina (Florence,
Darlington, and Marlboro Counties, $.C.; Scotland
CountyauNeGe) 6,965 3,403

Piedmont of South and North Carolina (Anderson, Green-
ville, and Spartanburg Counties, S.C., Mecklenburg,

Cleveland, and Union Counties, N.C.). 4,302 2,205
North Central North Carolina (Nash, Northampton,

Wilson, and Edgecombe -Counties) . 4,060 914
TENNESSEE
Southern Tier of Counties (McNairy, Fayette,

Hardin, and Hardeman). 7,580 1,210
MISSISSIPPI
South Delta (Sharkey and Yazoo Counties (area 1)). 7,938 4,104
Central Delta (Washington and Leflore Counties (area 2)). 4,860 2,052
North Delta (Coahoma and Panola Counties (area 3))., 5,940 2,916
Hill Section (Holmes and Monroe Counties (area 4)). 6,480 10998
LOUISIANA
Northeastern (Madison, Tensas, East Carroll,

West Carroll, and Richland Parishes) . ----* 3,137
TEXAS
Central (Falls, Hill, Limestone, and McLennan Counties). 4,942 _ 4,070

*Richland Parish included in 1968 survey. Only Madison, Tensas, East Carroll,
and West Carroll Parishes surveyed in 1967; counts averaged 6,473 hibernating
weevils for these 4 parishes in 1967.

See map on following page.

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SUMMARY OF INSECT CONDITIONS IN HAWAII - 1968
Highlights

A GRASS WEBWORM has spread to most of the islands. BEAN FLY and LARGE MANGO TIP
BORER were important new Western Hemisphere records. TUMID SPIDER MITE on sweet
corn and CARMINE SPIDER MITE on beans were of concern. LANTANA DEFOLIATOR
CATERPILLAR controlled lantana.

Corn, Sugarcane, Rice

CORN EARWORM (Heliothis zea) damage ranged light to heavy on corn statewide
throughout 1968. CORN PLANTHOPPER (Peregrinus maidis) heavily infested untreated
field corn at Kaaawa, Oahu. TUMID SPIDER MITE (Tetranychus tumidus) built up in
all sweet corn fields on Oahu from June to August. Numbers peaked in late August.
Heavy infestations during harvesttime annoyed workers.

NEW GUINEA SUGARCANE WEEVIL (Rhabdoscelus obscurus) damage was light on Oahu and
Maui but very heavy in several sugarcane fields on Kauai and in some on Hawaii
Island. ASIATIC RICE BORER (Chilo suppressalis) was light in rice stems at Wailua,
Kauai, early in November. This is the first report in the State since 1939.

This infestation resulted either from the original or from a new introduction.

Turf, Pasture, Rangeland

A GRASS WEBWORM (Herpetogramma licarsisalis) was reported for new island records
on Kauai, Maui, Hawaii, Molokai, and Lanai. On Oahu heavy numbers infested lawns
and pastures from January to April and from October to December. On Kauai and
Molokai heavy numbers occurred during April and May and from October to December.
On Maui and Hawaii moderate to heavy numbers infested scattered areas throughout
1968. Several parasitic species occurred in heavily infested areas on all islands.
The most effective appeared to be Trichogramma semifumatum (a minute egg parasite).
Light to medium numbers of a BILLBUG (Sphenophorus venatus vestitus) caused light,
spotty damage in Kikuyu grass pastures at Kipahulu, Maui, in March. Generally,
trace to light numbers prevailed during the year on lawns and pastures in other
areas of Maui and on the other islands.

General Vegetables

BEAN FLY (Melanagromyza phaseoli) infested snap beans at Waiahole, Oahu, in June
for a new Western Hemisphere record. Later, light to severe numbers were found
on lima, soy, lablab, and snap beans and on 3 species of weed legumes throughout
Oahu. New island records were reported for Kauai, Maui, Molokai, Lanai, and
Hawaii. BEAN POD BORER (Maruca testulalis) and BEAN BUTTERFLY (Lampides boeticus)
ranged trace to light on Commercial beans statewide. Heavy numbers infested
untreated backyard lima and hyacinth-bean plantings during spring and summer.
CARMINE SPIDER MITE (Tetranychus cinnabarinus) was heavy on snap beans in lowland
farm areas on Oahu in January and on other crops around April. Despite intensive
controls, infestations continued until late November.

IMPORTED CABBAGEWORM (Pieris rapae) was generally light on head cabbage and other
cole crops on Maui, Hawaii, and Oahu Islands. Numbers were lighter than in past
years in the Kula area of Maui, where most of the State's head cabbage is grown.
A granulosis virus infected larvae in this area. DIAMONDBACK MOTH (Plutella
xylostella) numbers and damage were heavy on head cabbage on Maui during Spring
and summer. Light to moderate numbers infested cole crops in scattered areas on
Oahu during summer and fall.

Rains during fall and winter activated GIANT AFRICAN SNAIL (Achatina fulica) in
weed areas on Oahu and Maui. Some snails moved into residential and farm areas.
Damage ranged light to moderate on ornamentals and crops, especially eggplant and
bell pepper. Crops had to be protected in several areas. Eradication measures
continued in localized infested areas on Hawaii and Kauai Islands. Heavy numbers

=n7 3h

of MELON FLY (Dacus cucurbitae) caused light to severe damage to cucumbers and
squash in small commercial plantings on Oahu during early 1968. Damage ranged
trace to light on cucurbits and tomatoes throughout most areas on all islands due
to applications of protein insecticide baits. Three adults of a TEPHRITID FLY
(Ensinia sonchi) were taken on Sonchus sp. at Ewa, Oahu, in March for a new
Western Hemisphere record. LEAF MINER FLIES (Liriomyza spp.) infested various
crops in the lowlands of Oahu, Kauai, and Maui. Damage was heavy on green onions,
watermelons, cucumbers, snap beans, tomatoes, and yard-long beans during Summer
and fall. Controls were intensive. Heavy numbers of POTATO TUBERWORM
(Phthorimaea operculella) damaged much of about 50 acres of potatoes at Hoolehua,
Molokai, during Spring. Trace to light numbers of BEET ARMYWORM (Spodoptera
exigua) prevailed in most green onions on Oahu. Higher numbers moderately
damaged some fields at Koko Head and Waimanalo in July and at Waianae in November.
TARO LEAFHOPPER (Tarophagus proserpina) remained very light in many taro fields on
Oahu, Maui, Kauai, and Hawaii Islands. Over 100 nymphs and adults per stem in-
fested a small, new planting at Waikapu, Maui, during February and March. A
predator, Cyrtorhinus fulvus (a mirid bug), was light in most plantings throughout
the year. GREENHOUSE WHITEFLY (Trialeurodes vaporariorum) ranged medium to heavy
on various crops in lowland areas, being heaviest during the spring and fall.

Fruits

LARGE MANGO TIP BORER (Bombotelia jocosatrix) and a STINK BUG (Plautia stali) were
reported as new Western Hemisphere records in 1968. Several large mango tip borer
moths were taken at a light in the Punahou area of Honolulu, Oahu, in early April.
For the rest of the year larvae ranged trace to light on terminal leaves of mango
throughout Oahu. It was also reported on Kauai for a new island record. Larvae
were noted feeding on mango blossoms at Manoa, Oahu, in mid-November. The first
adult of P. stali was taken at a light on November 14, 1967. Since then, many
adults have been taken at lights from various areas on Oahu. It was found

feeding on black nightshade at Ewa and strawberry guava at Kailua (Lanikai).

COCONUT SCALE (ASpidiotus destructor) was reported on coconut leaves at Kailua,
Oahu, for a new State record. Surveys revealed more infestations at Sand Island,
Honolulu International Airport and vicinity, Kaneohe, and along the leeward

coast of Oahu. MEDITERRANEAN FRUIT FLY (Ceratitis capitata) and ORIENTAL FRUIT
FLY (Dacus dorsalis) were generally light in commercial fruits on all islands.
Protein insecticide baits sprayed along borders were effective. Medium to heavy
numbers infested guava, mountain apple, mango, rosSe-apple, and other fruits in
forests, rangeland, waste areas, and along roadsides. BARNACLE SCALE (Ceroplastes
cirripediformis) was generally medium in a commercial passionfruit farm at
Kahului, Maui, early in January. By the end of 1968, numbers were generally light
except in about 10 acres which remained heavily infested. The parasitic eulophid
wasps Aneristus ceroplastae and Tetrastichus sp. were common. Larvae of a NOCTUID
MOTH (Phlegetonia delatrix) caused much foliar damage to Java plum on Oahu and
Kauai during Summer and fall. Moderate to heavy numbers infested mountain apple
on Oahu during fall. Reported for the first time on Maui in November, it caused
moderate to heavy damage to Java plum and mountain apple in several areas.
RED-BANDED THRIPS (Selenothrips rubrocinctus) heavily scarred commercial and wild
guava fruits and foliage at Waimanalo, Oahu, during summer. Foliar damage was
heavy on mango, Java plum, and false kamani (Terminalia catappa) on Maui in
November and December, and on false kamani on Kauai in December.

Ornamentals

ORCHID WEEVIL (Orchidophilus aterrimus) numbers and damage were heavy on vanda and
dendrobium orchids at Hilo, Hawaii ISland, during fall. An outbreak of HIBISCUS
LEAF MINER (Parectopa hibiscella) severely damaged hibiscus hedges at Hickam Air
Force Base, Honolulu, Oahu, from late April to May. Subsiding in June, numbers
remained at trace levels for the rest of the year. An ARMORED SCALE (Phenacaspis
cockerelli) ranged light to heavy on plumeria, bird-of-paradise-flower, oleander,
and on mango, coconut, and candlenut (kukui) trees on Kauai, Oahu, Maui, and
Hawaii Islands. A LEAFHOPPER (Protalebrella brasiliensis) was heavy on wedelia

7ON—

in various areas of Oahu; foliar damage was conspicuous in several areas.
HAWAIIAN THRIPS (Taeniothrips hawaiiensis) ranged light to heavy on flowers
statewide. Gardenias were again a favorite host.

Forest and Shade Trees

A CONIFER APHID (Cinara carolina) was reported for a new island record on Hawaii;
heavy infestations occurred at various times. Generally light infestations
prevailed on loblolly pine on Maui, Kauai, Molokai, and Lanai. An APHID
(Cupressobium maui) found on Portuguese cypress in 1967 on Hawaii was reported for
new host and island records. PACIFIC BEETLE COCKROACH (Diploptera punctata)
damage was sporadic on cypress on Maui and Hawaii Islands in June. During fall
heavy numbers caused moderate to heavy damage to foliage and stems of orange trees,
moderate damage to bark of Norfolk Island pine, and light damage to foliage of
pineapples at Kaiku, Maui. KIAWE FLOWER LOOPER (Cosymbia serrulata) adults in
light traps on Oahu increased in March and peaked in early June. The population
appeared to be correlated with the kiawe flowering season, which occurs mostly
during February and March but extends until about May.

KOU LEAFWORM (Ethmia nigroapicella) ranged moderate to heavy on kou trees (Cordia
subcordata) throughout the year at Kailua-Kona, Hawaii Island. It is normally _
active near the end and/or the beginning of the year. CUBAN-LAUREL THRIPS
(Gynaikothrips ficorum) built up on Chinese banyan in many areas of Oahu from
January to March, but remained light for the rest of the year. Light numbers
prevailed on the other islands. A predator, Montandoniola moraguesi (an anthocorid
bug), waS common on infested leaves. The usual serious Spring outbreaks of
MONKEYPOD MOTH (Polydesma umbricola) did not occur. A PSYLLID (Psylla uncatoides)
remained generally light on koa trees on Oahu, Kauai, and Maui.

General Pests

CHINESE ROSE BEETLE (Adoretus sinicus) adults caused light to heavy foliar damage
On ornamentals; crops; and forest, fruit, and shade trees statewide. They also
infested roses, snap beans, litchi, dryland taro, and shower trees. A PLATASPID
BUG (Coptosoma xanthogramma) ranged light to severe on ornamentals and fruit and
shade trees on Kauai, Oahu, Maui, and Hawaii Islands. Adults were a nuisance in
homes, hotels, and cars. Damage was slight on snap beans at Waihee, Maui, and at
Kaaawa, Oahu, in April and May. It was reported on Lanai for a new island record.
Light to heavy numbers of SOUTHERN GREEN STINK BUG (Nezara viridula) built up on
weeds during spring and summer, especially on Maui. Movement into farms resulted
in slight damage to crops and ornamentals. Controls were required in some fields.
Nymphs and adults were found feeding on papaya trunks for the first time at Puna,
Hawaii Island, in September. A BARK BEETLE (Xylosandrus compactus) ranged light
to heavy on ornamentals, forest trees, and weeds on Kauai and Oahu. Heavy infes-
tations were discovered on wild coffee and on forest, fruit, and shade trees at
Wailuku, Maui, in November and December; this was a new island record. Many of
the infested plants on Kauai, Oahu, and Maui were new host records for the State.

Man and Animals

The following mosquitoes were collected from 48 light traps on Oahu from January
to October. Aedes vexans nocturnus averaged 16.0 per trap per month. Its highest
monthly average per trap was 45.1 in April, and the lowest was 1.7 in August.
Collections were higher in windward areas during spring. Culex pipiens quinque-
fasciatus (southern house mosquito) averaged 137.6 per trap per month. Its Lowest
monthly average per trap was 61.1 in June, and the highest was 237.5 in October.
Collections were generally higher in windward areas from January to March, at
Waipahu during spring, and the north shore areas during summer and fall.

= 80m

HORN FLY (Haematobia irritans) was heavy on beef cattle, especially on Maui and
Hawaii Islands. Generally light numbers prevailed on dairy cattle on Oahu.
Several adults on an ENCYRTID WASP (Homalotylus sp.) developed as solitary
internal parasites of larvae of 2 lady beetles Telsimia nitida and Lindorus
lophanthae which were preying on Aspidiotus destructor (coconut scale) at Kailua,
Oahu, in September. The determination was made by J.W. Beardsley.

Beneficial Insects

Larvae of a TORTRICID MOTH (Apotoforma sp.) ranged medium to heavy on blackberry
terminals on Kauai, Maui, and Hawaii Islands. This insect was introduced to help
control blackberry, a pasture and rangeland weed. Larvae of a CERAMBYCID BEETLE
(Archlagocheirus funestus) continued to topple the remaining pricklypear cacti in
the Kawaihae-uka, South Kohala district, Hawaii Island. Cacti in the area are
now less abundant than in previous years. MELASTOMA BORER (Selca brunella)
ranged light to medium on Indian rhododendron from January to August on Kauai and
Hawaii Islands. Beginning in September, numbers increased and caused moderate to
heavy damage to fruits, foliage, and terminals. Heavy numbers of a CECIDOMYIID
MIDGE (Zeuxidiplosis giardi) infested the few remaining Klamath-weed plants on
Mt. Hualalai, Hawaii ISland, between 6,700-8,250 feet from August to November.

Heavy numbers of LANTANA DEFOLIATOR CATERPILLAR (Hypena strigata) and a NOCTUID
MOTH (Catabena esula) caused nearly 100 percent defoliation at Ka Lae and
Halepiula on Hawaii Island in March. Heavy numbers of H. strigata caused nearly
100 percent defoliation in approximately 1,000 acres of lantana at Keokea and
Ulupalakua on Maui in April. For the rest of 1968 both species were generally
light. LANTANA CERAMBYCID (Plagiohammus spinipennis) remained modérate at Kau,
Hawaii Island. LANTANA PLUME MOTH (Platyptilia puSillodactyla), LANTANA SEED FLY
(Ophiomyia lantanae), LANTANA GALL FLY (Eutreta xanthochaeta), and LANTANA HISPID
(Uroplata girardi) numbered moderate to heavy in many areas. Other introduced
lantana insects were generally light.

Several adults of a PTEROMALID WASP (Halticoptera patellana) emerged from pupae

of Melanagromyza phaseoli (bean fly) collected at Waiahole, Oahu, in July. A low
percentage of parasitism of bean fly by this wasp was observed during the rest of
1968. A HISTERID BEETLE (Hister nomas) was reported for new island records on
Maui in November 1967 and on Molokai in April 1968. This predator of Haematobia
irritans (horn fly) larvae was not released on either island. A SCIOMYZID FLY
(Sepedon sauteri), a predator of liverfluke snails, was recovered on Kauai and
Maui. It is now established on both islands and on Oahu. Adults of a TACHINA FLY
(Trichopoda pennipes var. pilipes) were light in weed areas on Kauai, Oahu, and
Hawaii Islands. T. pennipes and T. pennipes var. pilipes were moderate in gardens
and weed areas on Maui during summer and fall. In June and October at Kula

and Pukalani on Maui, 75-90 percent of Nezara viridula (southern green stink bug)
adults bore eggs of these tachinids. A SCELIONID WASP (Trissolcus sp.) parasitized
eggs of Coptosoma xanthogramma (a plataspid bug) statewide. Parasitism of egg
clusters ranged from 30 to 95 percent.

Miscellaneous Insects

The following GRASSHOPPERS were new Western Hemisphere records. Nymphs and adults
of Oedaleus abruptus were found at Hickam Air Force Base, Honolulu, Oahu, in July.
Surveys revealed a generally widespread infestation on dry grass; no specimens
were found elsewhere. On Oahu one male of Euconocephalus nasutus was caught
January 15 in a vacant lot at Waipahu and another November 25 in a yard in the
Kaimuki area of Honolulu.

The following were reported as new State records. A RHOPALID BUG (Jadera
haematoloma) was found on Oahu in August. Surveys revealed moderate to heavy
numbers on balloonvine (Cardiospermum halicacabum) from Honolulu to Waianae, Oahu.
Specimens of a CADDISFLY (Hydroptila sp.) were caught in light traps at Honolulu
International Airport and in downtown Honolulu, Oahu. The first was caught in
May.

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VOL. 19 No.7 : February 14, 1969

Co 02 Ota tive
ECONOMIC INSECT
| REPORT

N Issued by
PLANT PEST CONTROL DIVISION
AGRICULTURAL RESEARCH SERVICE
UNITED STATES DEPARTMENT OF AGRICULTURE

AGRICULTURAL RESEARCH SERVICE

PLANT PEST CONTROL DIVISION

SURVEY AND DETECTION OPERATIONS

The Cooperative Economic Insect Report is issued
weekly as a service to American Agriculture. Its contents
are compiled from information supplied by cooperating State,
Federal, and industria! entomologists and other agricultural
workers. In releasing this material the Division serves as
a clearing house and dees not assume responsibility for ac-
curacy of the material.

All reports and inquiries pertaining to this release,
including the mailing list, should be sent to;

Survey and Detection Operations
Plant Pest Control Division
Agricultural Research Service
United States Department of Agriculture
Federal Center Building
Hyattsville, Maryland 20782

Volume 19 February 14, 1969

COOPERATIVE ECONOMIC INSECT REPORT

HIGHLIGHTS

Current Conditions

Number

GREENBUG damage heavy on small grains in Wilbarger and Foard Counties, Texas.

@ee 83)

WINTER GRAIN MITE heavy on winter wheat in Archer and Wichita Counties, Texas.

@pie 83)!

An ARMORED SCALE general and severe on orange plants in Lake County, Florida.

@p. 84).

a

NANTUCKET PINE TIP MOTH damage excessive throughout northeastern and east-central

Texas. (p. 85).

EASTERN TENT CATERPILLAR larvae appearing in Alachua County, Florida.

Detection
GOLDEN NEMATODE reported for first time in Delaware. (p. 85).

For new county records see page 87.

Special Reports
Survey Methods. Selected References 1968. Part XV. (pp. 88-96).
Summary of Insect Conditions in the United States - 1968

Introduction (p. 97).
Federal and State Plant Protection Programs (pp. 97-104).

Reports in this issue are for week ending February 7 unless otherwise indicated.

Swi gins

(p.

85).

Sp) =

CONTENTS

Special Insects of Regional Si ena ta CANCER no icreleiers)elelelelsicrelonel elehalielielcleleleieroueheleleicreleNeteRento
Insects Affecting

Small GrainsS....cocsccccsesscnversesOa Forest and Shade Trees si. <2. ccleeis oe

FOrage LEGUMES sc cio. ciel oie cioks erelcio's «ele eS Man ana Anaimail S's sieve 6) 0 se «coe s/elelcleialevaold)

GUSCTUS feteyarelelslels\ ere) cls e\ sl ajeleteiereiofeisiseievers Oo Households and Structures..........80

Ornamentals... .cesicecscscicewcccse sic ct Stored Products <6 2. cis ccis c ole cileioc seo
Federal and State Plant Protection) Programsi.'s:..6:<.6 « «1 .\s 6 « « ois co) siclc e's elle els: aielenereheter Go
Hawaii PNSeGit: REPO Usa score cverovecelleveleleleveioielevsielolslehehe/eseielleverelleteretel snelienntevelexenslelclolereieter toronto oO)
INSECE DETECTION... cc ccccnccvcccccccccrsresere esos ce ress ese e sce seers a seeeie eelOil|
COGLECETONS is ciore) es oneneiel’s «ers) else! e)ieliclel ellete/ishalerciiel ciel sUslcic) elionele) ofelsl sievellciclicleletelevenelcelelonereratcneteneRenRotl Ora
ugchiteeh na COU! CETUONMS creleilei ena sahel 7001/6) elia s(lerere) eiel seis cle ol(ctelovelcneeha) siiehelelaleiter vate ichelotohot-l -ReleR-Re Rema OKt
Survey Methods. Selected References 1968. Part XV... .c.ccccccveccvesovessees oO

Summary of Insect Conditions in the United States - 1968
DNit GO AUGIEMON EH love: creme te oiorexereterevcvelieledanaie a ciate teas erence cerehonehovenahaioneueie cs onctorete (el ovele oiehere CuenonomnaIola
Federal and State Plant Protection Programs's <\. csc «0c sc eo + 06s 0c «ee. etoterel ohaleileionenone oils

WEATHER OF THE WEEK ENDING FEBRUARY 10

HIGHLIGHTS: Two major storms hit New England, the latter becoming the worst in
years. Milder temperatures returned to the central Great Plains.

PRECIPITATION: Daily rains continued along the Washington and Oregon coast with
some rain in California early in the week. Snow continued to accumulate in the
Cascades and northern Sierras. Light snow fell eastward from the Cascades across
the northern Great Plains to the Great Lakes. Fair skies prevailed over the
Southwest early in the week, but cloudiness increased in Arizona on Wednesday
with rain, snow above 6,000 feet, on Thursday. Rains fell over the lower
Mississippi River Valley Wednesday and over most of the Southeast Thursday. Two
major storms hit the Northeast during the week. The first dumped heavy snow in
parts of New York and northern New England on Monday and Tuesday with rain over
southern New England. Greenville, Maine, received 22 inches in 24 hours ending
at 7 a.m. Tuesday, bringing the snow cover there to 56 inches. Winds at Mount
Washington, New Hampshire, gusted to 102 m.p.h. on Tuesday. Heavy snow fell in
parts of New York, 8 inches at Boonville, on Wednesday, accompanied by strong
winds which caused considerable drifting snow and blowing snow with occasionally
zero visibility. A storm centered in Utah dumped locally heavy snow in the central
Rocky Mountains on Friday, 14 inches at Durango, Colorado. The storm moved
eastward rapidly leaving mostly light but locally moderate to heavy precipitation.
Snow occurred in the Ohio River Valley and thunderstorms spotted the Deep South.
After leaving moderate to heavy snow over the central Appalachians on Saturday,
the storm turned northeastward dumping 15-20 inches in large metropolitan centers
in the Northeast on Sunday and becoming the worst storm in more than 10 years.
Winds in southern New England, gusting to over 70 m.p.h. drifted the snow to
depths of 6-8 feet. In the New York City area, heavy snow and blowing snow
stopped both surface and air traffic and halted nearly all business and industrial
activity in the major cities of the Northeast on Monday February 10. Weather

of the week continued on page 87.

= B9.a

SPECIAL INSECTS OF REGIONAL SIGNIFICANCE

GREENBUG (Schizaphis graminum) - TEXAS - Spotty in the Rolling Plains. Maximum
per row foot January 21-24 by county: Wilbarger 120, Foard 150, Hardeman 300,
Childress 400, Baylor 250, and Knox 250. Heavy damage in Wilbarger and Foard
Counties; medium in Baylor, and some damage in small grain in Hardeman, Motley,
Wichita, and Haskell Counties. Very light, up to 5 per row foot, in Karnes,
Lavaca, and Brazos Counties on small grains. (Boring, Green). NEW MEXICO -
Averaged per linear foot: 10-30 at Carlsbad and 100+ in barley at Artesia,
Eddy County, 30-100+ in barley at Roswell, Chaves County, 2-20 in wheat at
Clovis, Curry County. (Mathews). OKLAHOMA - As high as 40 per linear foot in
areas of Jackson and Tillman Counties. Continues light (0-3 per linear foot)
in Payne and Noble Counties. (Okla. Coop. Sur.). ARKANSAS - Survey negative in
northwest. (Boyer).

SMALL GRAINS

WINTER GRAIN MITE (Penthaleus major) - TEXAS - Heavy, up to 1,000 per row foot,
damaging wheat in Archer and Wichita Counties; light to medium in Young and
Baylor Counties. (Green, Boring, Jan. 31),

FORAGE LEGUMES

PEA APHID (Acyrthosiphon pisum) - NEW MEXICO - Very light in alfalfa at Roswell,
Chaves County. (Mathews). None to very light in alfalfa in Mesilla Valley, Dona
Ana County. (Nielsen). ARKANSAS - Low in northwest area, 3-5 per square foot

in vetch. (Boyer). ARIZONA - Averaged 2,000 per 100 sweeps on alfalfa in Salt
River Valley, Maricopa County. (Ariz. Coop. Sur.).

ALFALFA WEEVIL (Hypera postica) - MISSISSIPPI - Averaged 1 larva per 20 sweeps in
Oktibbeha, Pontotoc, and Marshall Counties. (Pitre). MISSOURI - January egg
survey averages per square foot (and percent viability) by county: Ralls .7
(70.6), Cape Girardeau 3.8 (86.4), New Madrid 6.5 (77.5), Osage and Maries .6
(30.0), Howell 3.3 (43,1). Average egg punctures increased; average viability
down from 95 percent in December to 64.9 percent in January. (Huggans) ,

EGYPTIAN ALFALFA WEEVIL (Hypera brunneipennis) - ARIZONA - Up to 90 larvae per
100 sweeps on alfalfa at Yuma, Yuma County; averaged 10 adults and 20 larvae per
100 sweeps in Salt River Valley, Maricopa County. (Ariz. Coop. Sur.).

THREE-CORNERED ALFALFA HOPPER (Spissistilus festinus) - ARIZONA - Averaged 20 per
100 sweeps on alfalfa in Salt River Valley, Maricopa County; up to 30 per 100
sweeps at Yuma, Yuma County. (Ariz Coop... Sur).

CITRUS

Citrus Insect Situation in Florida - End of January - CITRUS RUST MITE (Phyllocop-
truta oleivora) infeste norm percent of groves; 40 (norm 45) percent
economic. In moderate range and near normal for January. Infestations on

leaves and on fruit similar. Little change expected. Highest districts south,
west, and north. TEXAS CITRUS MITE (Eutetranychus banksi) infested 28 (norm 32)
percent of groves; 14 (norm 12) percent economic. In low range and near normal
with little change expected. Very few infestations will be important. Highest
districts west and central. CITRUS RED MITE (Panonychus citri) infested 31

(norm 36) percent of groves; 7 (norm 12) percent economic. Presently at low level
and slightly below normal for January. Although some increase expected, less than
5 percent of groves will have heavy infestations. Highest districts east and
central. GLOVER SCALE (Lepidosaphes gloverii) infested 62 (norm 78) percent of
groves; 5 (norm 15) percent economic. PURPLE SCALE (L. beckii) infested 53

(norm 77) percent of groves; less than 1 percent (norm 7 percent) economic.

- 84 -

BLACK SCALE (Saissetia oleae) infested 29 (norm 37) percent of groves; 7 (norm 17)
percent economic. YELLOW SCALE (Aonidiella citrina) infested 59 (norm 60) percent
of groves; 2 (norm 11) percent economic. CHAFF SCALE (Parlatoria oleae) infested
44 (norm 59) percent of groves; 1 (norm 9) percent economic. Above 5 scales all
below normal levels for January and all in low to moderate range in all districts.
Few, if any infestations heavy at this time and little change expected. An
ARMORED SCALE (Unaspis citri) present in 16 percent of groves and important in 5
percent. Increase expected. WHITEFLIES, MEALYBUGS, APHIDS, and SIX-SPOTTED MITE
(Eotetranychus sexmaculatus) near or below very low levels normal for January.
Very little change will occur in February but increase expected in March. (W.A.
Simanton (Citrus Expt. Sta., Lake Alfred)).

AN ARMORED SCALE (Unaspis citri) - FLORIDA - General and severe on 79,000 of
790,000 nursery orange plants at Grand Island, Lake County. (Bentley, Jan. 30).

YELLOW SCALE (Aonidiella citrina) - CALIFORNIA - Medium in trees in Willows,
Glenn County. (Cal. Coop. Rpt.).

ORNAMENTALS

HEMISPHERICAL SCALE (Saissetia coffeae) - FLORIDA - All stages general and severe
on a percentage of 1,000 orchids in greenhouses at Zellwood, Orange County.
(Musgrove, Jan. 30).

ARMORED SCALES - FLORIDA - Fiorinia theae (tea scale) adults on holly at
Kissimmee, Osceola County. (Crews). This is a new Department of Plant Industry
county record. (Fla. Coop. Sur.). Lepidosaphes maskelli adults on 452 of 2,260
nursery plants of juniper at Dover, Hillsborough County. (Vaughan, Jan. 24).
CALIFORNIA - Aspidiotus nerii (oleander scale) medium on palm tree nursery stock
in Menlo Park, San Mateo County. (Cal {Coop Rpt.)

CITRUS MEALYBUG (Planococcus citri) - FLORIDA - Nymphs general and severe on 100
of 1,000 plants of African violet in greenhouses at Zellwood, Orange County.
(Musgrove, Jan. 30).

FOREST AND SHADE TREES

SOUTHERN PINE BEETLE (Dendroctonus frontalis) - TEXAS - Control helped by brood
tree utilizations, chemical control, and lower temperatures. Controlled 426
infestations containing 70,542 trees. Controlled 2,993 spots containing 236,035
trees for 1968. Total of 48 percent of all spots aerially detected required
controls; 79 trees treated per spot. (Ollieu, Mason; For. Pest Activity Rpt.,
Oct.-Dec. 1968).

BLACK TURPENTINE BEETLE (Dendroctonus terebrans) - TEXAS - Damage in Houston,
Liberty, Newton, Orange, San Augustine, San Jacinto, Shelby, Trinity, and Taylor
Counties. Logging and lightning helped in control with salvage and chemicals.
(Ollieu, Mason; For. Pest Activity Rpt., Oct.-Dec. 1968).

DEODAR WEEVIL (Pissodes nemorensis) - TEXAS - Fall buildup for second straight
year. Moderate mortality Of young loblolly pines on roadsides in Angelina County.
Feeding symptoms on trees up to 50 feet tall. Negligible in other eastern
counties. (Ollieu, Mason; For. Pest Activity Rpt., Oct.-Dec. 1968).

RED-HEADED PINE SAWFLY (Neodiprion lecontei) - TEXAS - Damaged 125-acre site of
sapling loblolly and slash pines north of Houston. Loblolly pines lost all
foliage; slash pines showed occasional attack. (Ollieu, Mason; For. Pest
Activity Rpt., Oct.-Dec. 1968).

- 85 -

NANTUCKET PINE TIP MOTH (Rhyacionia frustrana) - TEXAS - Excessive damage to short-
leaf and loblolly pine terminals throughout northeast and east-central areas.
Damage to loblolly pine in plantation north of Houston, (Ollieu, Mason; For,

Pest Activity Rpt., Oct.-Dec. 1968).

AN ARMORED SCALE (Fiorinia externa) - MARYLAND - On hemlock at Severna Park, Anne
Arundel County. Collected by C.W. McComb December 18, 1968. Determined by J.A.
Davidson. This is a new county record. (U. Md., Ent. Dept.).

EASTERN TENT CATERPILLAR (Malacosoma americanum) - FLORIDA - First instars observed
first time this year; larvae feeding on blossoms of wild plum at Gainesville,
Alachua County. Collected and determined by L.A. Hetrick. (Fla. Coop. Sur.).

MAN AND ANIMALS

SCREW-WORM (Cochliomyia hominivorax) - Total of 2 cases reported in U.S. February
2-8 as follows: TEXAS - Webb, Zapata. Total of 66 cases reported in portion of
Barrier Zone in Republic of Mexico January 27-31 as follows: Sonora 32,

Chihuahua 1, Coahuila 1, Nuevo Leon 2, Tamaulipas 30. Total of 4 cases reported
in Mexico south of Barrier Zone. Barrier Zone is area where eradication operation
underway to prevent establishment of self-sustaining population in U.S. Sterile
screw-worm flies released: Texas 10,068,000; Mexico 44,600,000. (Anim. Health
Div.).

COMMON CATTLE GRUB (Hypoderma lineatum) - ARKANSAS - Averages in Fulton County:
Untreated - 5 grubs per head in herd of 6, 3 per head in herd of 10; treated -

8 in 6 head in herd of 30, 8 in 3 in herd of 26. Sharp County: Treated 1 grub
each in 2 head in herd of 20, 3 in 2 head in herd of 6; untreated - up to 10 per
animal in 5 head in herd of 6 (average 6.5). (Roberts). OKLAHOMA - Averaged 2
per head in Payne County herd; light in Mayes County. (Okla. Coop. Sur.).

SHORT-NOSED CATTLE LOUSE (Haematopinus eurysternus) - OKLAHOMA - Heavy on cattle
in Woodward County, controls needed; light in Tulsa and Noble Counties. (Okla.
Coop. Sur.).

HOUSEHOLDS AND STRUCTURES

A POWDER-POST BEETLE (Lyctus sp.) - CALIFORNIA - Light in ash mantel in Riverside,
Riverside County; medium in basement structures in San Anselmo, Marin County;
heavy in oak furniture in Sunnyvale, Santa Clara County; heavy in oak lumber in
Sacramento, Sacramento County. (Cal. Coop. Rpt.).

STORED PRODUCTS

A DERMESTID BEETLE (Trogoderma parabile) - CALIFORNIA - Larvae medium in sorghum
seed and heavy in lettuce seed at El Centro, Imperial County. (Cal. Coop. Rpt.).

FEDERAL AND STATE PLANT PROTECTION PROGRAMS

GOLDEN NEMATODE (Heterodera rostochiensis) - DELAWARE - Eight larvae and 6 cysts
in 3 samples from potato farm at Middleton, New Castle County. Collected by B.C.
Emens October 31, 1968. Determined by A.M. Golden. This is a new State record.
(PPC) .

GRASSHOPPERS - OKLAHOMA - Egg surveys averaged 1 viable egg pod per square foot of
sod in Cimarron, Texas, Beaver, Ellis, and Harper Counties. Parasite and predator
damage light. (Okla. Coop. Sur.).

PINK BOLLWORM (Pectinophora gossypiella) - NEW MEXICO - Ten live larvae in trash
above ground and 9 live larvae in Soil in 40-square-foot plot in southern Dona
Ana County last week of January. (Adams).

= 86o=

SOYBEAN CYST NEMATODE (Heterodera glycines) - KENTUCKY - Light in soybeans in
Union County. Collected by J. Alvis January 23. Determined by A.M. Golden.
This is a new county record. (PPC),

HAWAII INSECT REPORT

General Vegetables - GREEN PEACH APHID (Myzus persicae) and CABBAGE APHID
(Brevicoryne braSSicae) medium in mustard cabbage at Pearl City, Waianae, and
Palolo Valley, Oahu. M. persicae light to medium (2-7 per square inch) on egg-
plant foliage at Koko Head, Pearl City, and Waianae on Oahu and at Kahului, Maui,
(Miyahira, Sato). BEAN FLY (Melanagromyza phaseoli) larvae light in wild bean
plants (Phaseolus lathyroides) in vacant lot near airport at Honolulu, Oahu,
(Olson, Funasaki).

Fruits and Nuts - COCONUT SCALE (Aspidiotus destructor) light to medium on few
coconut trees at Kahaluu and Waiahole, Oahu. Negative in adjacent banana fields.
(Kumabe, Funasaki).

Ornamentals - BLACK SCALE (Saissetia oleae) light and widespread on aalii
(Dodonaea viscosa) in Haleakala National Park, Maui, at 7,000 feet. (Miyahira,
Harris).

Beneficial Insects - LANTANA DEFOLIATOR CATEPILLAR (Hypena strigata) larvae
medium and defoliation 10-25 percent on lantana in pastures at Ulupalakua and
Waihee, Maui. (Miyahira). Numerous adults of a MINUTE EGG PARASITE (Trichogramma
semifumatum) emerged from eggs of a NOCTUID MOTH (Phlegetonia delatrix), Eggs
collected from foliage of Java plum in January at Palolo Valley, Honolulu, Oahu,
(Wong) .

Man and Animals - MOSQUITOES - Collected 1,137 Aedes vexans nocturnus and 18,935
Culex pipiens quinquefasciatus in 52 light traps on Oahu during January. Aedes
catches highest at Kahuku (232). Culex high at Nanakuli (4,213) and Waianae
(3,750). (Mosq. Cont. Br., Dept. of Health),

Miscellaneous Pests - GIANT AFRICAN SNAIL (Achatina fulica) collected during
January after heavy showers in North Kona, Hawaii Island; of 164 snails, 74 dead
or dying from poison baits. Dead snails picked up in January on Kauai: 45 from
Poipu and 87 from Wahiawa. Surveillance and poison bait applications’ continuing.
(Yoshioka, Sugawa). Light numbers of nymphs and adults of a GRASSHOPPER
(Oedaleus abruptus) concentrated in 2 separate "pockets" of grassy area at Hickam
Air Force Base, Honolulu, Oahu. Sprays to continue, (Olson).

- 87 =

INSECT DETECTION
New State Record

GOLDEN NEMATODE (Heterodera rostochiensis) - DELAWARE —- Larvae and cysts in
potato farm at Middleton, New Castle County. Collected by B.C. Emens October
31, 1968. Determined by A.M. Golden. (p. 85).

New County Records
TEA SCALE (Fiorinia theae) - FLORIDA - Osceola County. (p. 84).
AN ARMORED SCALE (Fiorinia externa) - MARYLAND - Anne Arundel County. (p. 85).

SOYBEAN CYST NEMATODE (Heterodera glycines) - KENTUCKY - Union County. (p. 86).

CORRECTIONS

CEIR 19(6):72 - INSECT DETECTION - A WHITEFLY (Paraleyrodes perseae) - HAWAII -
On plumeria in lower Monoa area of Honolulu, Oahu. Should read ... Manoa...

LIGHT TRAP COLLECTIONS

FLORIDA - Gainesville - 2/1-6, BL - Black cutworm (Agrotis ipsilon) 2, granulate
cutworm (Feltia subterranéa) 9. TEXAS - Brownsville — 271-7, 2BL, 52-86 F., trace
precip. - Armyworm (Pseudaletia unipuncta) 16, black cutworm 79, cabbage looper
(Trichoplusia ni) 8, corn earworm (Heliothis zea) 11, granulate cutworm 6, salt-
marsh caterpillar (Estigmene acrea) 8, variegated cutworm (Peridroma saucia) li,
yellow-striped armyworm (Prodenia ornithogalli) 9.

Weather continued from page 82.

TEMPERATURE: A warming trend occurred over most of the western and central
portions of the Nation. A large area from the central Rockies to the lower Ohio
River Valley averaged 4°-9° above normal. North Dakota continued colder than
normal although most parts of the State averaged 15° warmer than a week ago.
Temperatures in Georgia and Florida averaged near normal to slightly below normal
after two weeks of mild weather. New England averaged cooler than normal
following three weeks with above normal temperatures. (Summary supplied by
Environmental Data Service, ESSA.)

Scie

SURVEY METHODS

Selected References 1968

Part XV

Additional copies of Parts I through XV of this bibliography are available from
Survey and Detection Operations.

POPULATION MEASUREMENT

BERRYMAN, A. A. 1968. Development of sampling techniques and life tables for
the fir engraver Scolytus ventralis (Coleoptera: Scolytidae). Canad. Ent. 100(11):
1138-1147

DURANT, J. A. 1968. Leafhopper populations on ten corn inbred lines at
Florence, South Carolina. Ent. Soc. Amer. Ann. 61(6):1433-1436

EIKENBARY, R, D. and FOX, R. C. 1968. Responses of nantucket pine tip moth
parasites to tree level, orientation, and hosts per pine tip. Ent. Soc. Amer. Ann.
61(6) : 1380-1384

KNAPP, F. W. and ROGERS, C. E. 1968. A survey of sheep bot fly larva infesta-
tions in Kentucky. J. Econ. Ent. 61(1):23-25

PILLAI, M. K. K., MADHUKAR, B,. V. R. and GROVER, K. K. 1968. A report on the
breeding Sites and incidence of Aedes in Delhi. Cur. Sci. 37(1):4-5
Aedes aegypti, A. albopictus and Ns vittatus

PROKOPY, R. J. 1968. Sticky Spheres for estimating apple maggot adult abun-
dance, J. Econ, Ent. 61(4) :1082-1085

SOLOMON, M. E, 1968. Logarithmic regression as a measure of population density
response: comment on a report by G. W. Salt. Ecology 49(2) :357-358

SOUTHWOOD, T. R. E. (Editor). 1968. Insect abundance. Roy. Ent. Soc. Symposia
No. 4, 160 pp.

WOLFENBARGER, D. O. and MOORE, W. D. 1968. Insect abundances on tomatoes and
squash mulched with aluminum and plastic sheetings. J. Econ. Ent. 61(1):34-36

REARING

ADAMS, T. S. and MULLA, M. S., 1968. The reproductive biology of Hipperates™
collusor. III. effect of temperature on oogenesis. Ent. Soc. Amer. Ann.

368-372

ALLEN, D. C., KNIGHT, F. B. and FOLTZ, J. L. 1968. A technique for rearing
Choristoneura pinus on artificial diet. Ent. Soc. Amer. Ann. 61(2):362-364

BAILEY, D. L. and CHADA, H. L. 1968. Effects of natural (Sorghum) and artifi-
cial (wheat germ) diets on development of the corn earworm, fall armyworm, and
southwestern corn borer. J. Econ. Ent. 61(1):257-260

BECK, S. D., CHIPPENDALE, G. M. and SWINTON, D. E. 1968. Nutrition of the
European corn borer, Ostrinia nubilalis. VI. A larval rearing medium without
crude plant fractions. Ent. Soc. Amer. Ann. 61(2):459-462

=ASore

BRUBAKER, R. W. 1968. Seasonal occurrence of Voria ruralis, a parasite of the
cabbage looper, in Arizona, and its behavior and development in laboratory cul-
ture. J. Econ. Ent. 61(1):306-309

BUTLER, G. D., JR., BRYAN, D. E, and JACKSON, C. G. 1968. Development of the
salt-marsh caterpillar parasite, Exorista mella at controlled constant and vari-
able temperatures in the laboratory. J. Econ. Ent. 61(1):161-162

CHAPMAN, P. J., LIENK, S. E, and DEAN, R. W. 1968. Bionomics of Choristoneura
rosaceana. Ent. Soc. Amer. Ann. 61(2) :285-290

CHAUTHANI, A. R, and CLAUSSEN, D, 1968. Rearing Douglas-fir tussock moth larvae
on synthetic media for the production of nuclear-polyhedrosis virus. J. Econ. Ent.
61(1):101-103

CLEVELAND, M. L., WONG, T. T. Y. and LAMANSKY, K, W. 1968. Rearing methods and
biology of the lesser peach tree borer, Synanthedon pictipes, in the laboratory.
Ent. Soc. Amer. Ann. 61(4):809-814

CREIGHTON, C. S. and CUTHBERT, E. R, JR. 1968. A Semisynthetiec diet for adult
banded cucumber beetles. J. Econ. Ent. 61(1):337-338

CUTHBERT, F. P., JR., CREIGHTON, C. S. and CUTHBERT, R. B., II. 1968. Mass
rearing banded cucumber beetles, with notes on rearing spotted and striped cucum-
ber beetles. J. Econ. Ent. 61(1):288-292

GALFORD, J. R. and PEACOCK, J. W. 1968. Combined laboratory and greenhouse
techniques for year-round rearing of the mimosa webworm, Homadaula anisocentra.
Ent. Soc. Amer. Ann. 61(4) :919-920

GEEST, L. P. S. VAN DER, 1968. Effect of diets on the haemolymph proteins of
larvae of Pieris brassicae. J. Insect Physiol. 14(4):537-542

KAUFMANN, T. 1968. A laboratory study of feeding habits of Melanopus differ-
entialis in Maryland (Orthoptera: Acrididae). Ent. Soc. Amer. Ann. 6I1(1):173-180

KONSTANTINOV, A. S. 1968. Rearing chironomids in the laboratory. Zool. Zh.
47(4) :626-627. In Rus., Engl. Sum.
Chironomus dorsalis

LAARMAN, J. J. and GEROLD, J. L. 1968. Mass rearing of mosquitoes for medical-
entomological purposes. Ent. Ber. 28(5):86-87. In Du.

LAKE, P. and FRIEND, W. G. 1968. The use of artificial diets to determine some
of the effects of Nocardia rhodnii on the development of Rhodnius prolixus.

J. Insect Physiol. 14(4) :543-562

LEVENGOOD, W. C. 1968. Rearing a giant silkworm moth, Hyalophora cecropia, on
an artificial culture medium. Ent. Soc. Amer. Ann. 61(6): =

LINLEY, J. R. 1968. Colonization of Culicoides furens. Ent. Soc. Amer. Ann.
61(6) : 1486-1490

LOWRIE, R. .C. and GUBLER, D. J. 1968. A time-saving method for the rearing of
mosquitoes in the laboratory. Mosquito News 28(1):115-117

MONROE, R. E., POLITYKA, C. S. and LAMB, N. J. 1968. Utilization of larval
cholesterol-4-Cl4 for reproduction in house flies fed unlabeled cholesterol in
the adult diet. Ent. Soc. Amer. Ann. 61(2):292-296

MOORE, G. E. and CLARK, E. W. 1968. Suppressing microorganisms and maintaining
turgidity in coniferous foliage used to rear insects in the laboratory. J. Econ.
Ent. 61(4):1030-1031

S90

MYERS, A, A. 1968. The diet of the Hadena rivularis Fab. (Lep. Hadeninae)

group of; species. Entomologist (London) 101(1257) :35-36
Restricted to the Caryophyllaceae

NAYAR, J. K. 1968. Biology of Culex nigripalpus Theobald (Diptera: Culicidae).
is Effects of rearing conditions on growth and the diurnal rhythm of pupation and
emergence. J. Med. Ent. 5(1):39-46

NELSON, D. R. and SUKKESTAD, D. R. 1968. Bet by acid composition of the diet
and larvae and biosynthesis of fatty acids from 4c_acetate in the cabbage looper,

Trichoplusia ni. J. Insect Physiol. 14(2):293-300

PILLAI, P. R. P. and WINSTON, P. W. 1968. Culture and nutrition of Caloglyphus
anomalus (Acarina; Acaridae). Ent. Soc. Amer. Ann. 61(1):56-60

RAULSTON, J. R. and AUCLAIR, J. L. 1968. Responses of Lygus hesperus to chemi-
cally defined diets. Ent. Soc. Amer. Ann. 61(6):1495-1500

RAYNAUD, P. 1968. Rearing hybrids of Coleoptera Carabidae. Soc. Linn. Lyon.
Bul. Mens. 37(1):34-42. In Fr.

REED, D. K., HART, W. G. and INGLE, S. J. 1968. Laboratory rearing of brown
soft scale and its hymenopterous parasites. Ent. Soc. Amer. Ann. 61(6):1443-1446

REXRODE, C. O. and KRAUSE, C. R. 1968. Rearing larvae of Pseudopityophthorus
pruinosus and P. minutissimus on ground phloem media. Ent. Soc. Amer. Ann, Nae

RHINE, J. J. and STAPLES, R, 1968. Effect of high-amylose field corn on larval
growth and survival of five species of stored-grain insects. J. Econ. Ent. 61(1):
280-282

ROBERSON, J. L. and NOBLE, L. W. 1968. Rearing the tobacco budworm in honey-
comb-like cells. J. Econ. Ent. 61(1):331-332

ROBINSON, W. H. and FOOTE, B. A. 1968. Biology and immature stages of Megaselia
aequalis, a phorid predator of slug eggs. Ent. Soc. Amer. Ann. 61(6):1587=1594
Includes rearing

ROTHSCHILD, A., EISENBERG, W. V, and VAZQUEZ, A. W. 1968. A simple rearing
container for Drosophila. J. Hered. 59(2):98

RUPRAH, N. S. and TREECE, R. E, 1968. Further studies on the effect of bovine
diet on face fly development. J. Econ. Ent. 61(5):1147-1150

RUSSELL, W. G. 1968. A medium for laboratory rearing of the peach tree and
lesser peach tree borers. J. Econ. Ent. 61(5):1450-1451

SCHAEFER, C. H. 1968. The relationship of the fatty acid composition of
Heliothis zea larvae to that of its diet. J. Insect Physiol. 14(2):171-178

SCHMIDT, C. D., HARRIS, R. L, and HOFFMAN, R, A. 1968. New techniques for
rearing horn flies at Kerrville, 1967. Ent. Soc. Amer. Ann. 61(4):1045-1046

SHAHJAHAN, M, 1968. Effect of diet on the longevity and fecundity of the adults
of the tachinid parasite Trichopoda pennipes pilipes. J. Econ. Ent. 61(4):1102-
1103

SPIEKSMA, F. T. M. 1968. Rearing the house dust mite Dermatophagoides
pteronyssinus (Trt. 1897). Ent. Ber. 28(5):84. In Du.

=a) =

STERN, V. M. and SHOREY, H. H. 1968. Biological notes on, and eradication of
Trichogramma Ssemifumatum from laboratory cultures of eight species of Noctuidae.
J. Econ. Ent. 61(4):898-901

STRONG, R. G., PARTIDA, G. J. and WARNER, D. N. 1968. Rearing stored-product
insects for laboratory studies; Six species of moths. J. Econ. Ent. 61(5):1237-
1249

TAKAHASHI, M. 1968. Laboratory rearing of Culex (Melanoconion) portesi Senevet
and Abonnenc. Mosquito News 28(1) :82-84

VANDERZANT, E. S. 1968. Dietary requirements of the bollworm, Heliothis zea
(Lepidoptera: Noctuidae), for lipids, choline, and inositol and the effect of
fats and fatty acids on the composition of the body fat. Ent. Soc. Amer. Ann.
61(1):120-125

WARDOJO, S. 1968. Rearing of phytophagous insects with the help of synthetic
media, Ent. Ber. 28(5):85. In Du.

WENE, G. P. 1968. Biology of the elm leaf beetle in southern Arizona. J. Econ.
Ent. 61(5):1178-1180

WILLIAMS, J. H. and WILBUR, D. A. 1968. Respiratory environments of grain-
infesting weevils. I. Comparison of culture-jar and laboratory rearing-room
atmospheres. J. Econ. Ent. 61(2):345-348

Sitophilus zeamais

WOOL, D. and KUGLER, J, 1968. Laboratory culture of chironomid species from the
Hula Nature Preserve, Israel. Ann. Zool. Fenn. 5(1):153-154
Glyptotendipes glaucus, Chironomus calipterus, and Kiefferulus chloronatus

YAMAMOTO, R. T. 1968. Mass rearing of the tobacco hornworm. I. Egg production.
J. Econ. Ent. 61(1):170-174

YONKE, T. R. and MEDLER, J. T. 1968. Biologies of three species of Alydus in
Wisconsin. Ent. Soc. Amer. Ann. 61(2):526-531

EQUIPMENT AND TECHNIQUES

ADKINS, T. R., JR. 1968. A foot-controlled device using carbon dioxide for the
anesthetization of insects. J. Econ. Ent. 61(1):340-341

AHRING, R. M. and HOWELL, D. E. 1968. A suggested method of collecting insects
associated with forage grass seed production. J. Econ. Ent. 61(4):975-981

ANDERSON, G. R., JOHNSON, S. W., MELANSON, H. G. and SCHMIDT, C. H. 1968. Con-
version of a standard refrigerator to a biological incubator. U.S. Dept. Agr. ARS
33-131. 11 pp.

BRUST, R. A. and GIARDINO, J. 1968. Illumination and photography of mosquito
eggs. Ent. Soc. Amer. Ann. 61(4):1039-1041

HARRELL, E., A, and SNOW, J. W. 1968. A rapid method of marking corn earworm
moths with dyes for release studies. ARS 42-149. 6 pp.

HERON, R. J. 1968. Vital dyes as markers for behavioral and population studies
of the larch sawfly, Pristiphora erichsonii (Hymenoptera: Tenthredinidae). Canad.
Ent. 100(5) :470-475

HORSBURGH, R. L. and ASQUITH, D. 1968. A light-weight cage to confine small
insect predators with their prey on the host plant. J. Econ. Ent. 61(2):572-573

Sug ows

HUDDLESTON, E. W. and FLUKER, S. S. 1968. An unbreakable, disposable aspirator.
J. Econ. Ent. 61(1):338-339

JARVIS, J. L. 1968. The balanced lattice as an experimental design for testing
large numbers of plants for feeding preferences of white-fringed beetles. J. Econ.
Ent. 61(1):132-134

KARPEL, M. A. and HAGMANN, L. E, 1968. Medium and techniques for mass rearing
the red-banded leaf roller. J. Econ. Ent. 61(5):1452-1454

KASTING, R, and MCGINNIS, A. J. 1968. Growth cabinet for the efficient handling
of containers used for rearing insects. Canad. Ent. 100(2):193-195

KURCZEWSKI, F. E. and BREZNER, J. 1968. A use for the densitometer in insect
taxonomy. Ent. Soc. Amer. Ann. 61(1):230-232

LADD, T. L., JR. and BAKELY, C. L. 1968. A sorting trap for manual sexing of
the Japanese beetle. J. Econ. Ent. 61(4):1121-1122

LEFKOVITCH, L. P. and BRUST, R. A. 1968. Locating the eggs of Aedes vexans
(Mg.) (Diptera: Culicidae). Bul. Ent. Res. 58(1) :119-122

LENER, W. 1968. Economical and disposable olfactometer. Ent. Soc. Amer. Ann.
61(6):1618

LINLEY, J. R. and EVANS, F. D. S. 1968. A simple device to aid time-lapse
studies with insects. Ent. Soc. Amer. Ann. 61(3):775-777

LLOYD, E. P, and COAUTHORS. 1968. A red dye to evaluate bait formulations and
to mass mark field populations of boll weevils. J. Econ. Ent. 61(5):1440-1444

LORD, F. T. 1968. An appraisal of methods of sampling apple trees and results
of some tests using a Sampling unit common to insect predators and their prey.
Canad! Ent) “1000 1)323=33

LOVITT, A. E., OKUMURA, G. T. and NELSON, H. D. 1968. Techniques for preparing
slide mounts of female genitalia of the khapra beetle, Trogoderma granarium, and
related species. Ent. Soc. Amer. Ann. 61(6):1623-1624

MEDLEY, J. G. and AHRENS, E. H. 1968. Fluorescent dyes for marking and re-
covering fowl ticks in poultry houses treated with insecticides. J. Econ. Ent.
61(1) :81-84

MILLER, T. and METCALF, R, L. 1968. A simple device for insect mechano-cardio-
gram. Ent. Soc. Amer. Ann. 61(6):1618-1620

MILLER, T. A. and TREECE, R. E, 1968. A device for obtaining flies of known
age. Ent. Soc. Amer. Ann. 61(2):548

NICHOLLS, C. F, and GRILLS, E. E, 1968. An improved incubator for insects for
operation above room temperature and relative humidity. J. Econ. Ent. 61(5):1142-
1145

ORTMAN, E. E., PETERS, D. C. and FITZGERALD, P. J. 1968. Vertical-pull tech-
nique for evaluating tolerance of corn root systems to northern and western corn
rootworms. J. Econ. Ent. 61(2):373-375

PATTON, R. L., EDWARDS, L. J. and GILMORE, S. K. 1968. Delivering safe levels
of COg for insect anesthesia. Ent. Soc. Amer. Ann. 61(4) :1046-1047

PERRY, A. S. 1968. An apparatus for dispensing house fly eggs mechanically.
J. Econ. Ent. 61(4):1112-1113

= CRY!

PLATNER, G. R. and OATMAN, E. R. 1968. An improved technique for producing
potato tuberworm eggs for mass production of natural enemies. J. Econ. Ent.
61(4) : 1054-1057

PLESS, C. D. 1968. A lightweight, weather-resistant field insect cage. J. Econ.
Ent. 61(2):501-503

RICKER, D. W. and GOEDEN, R. D. 1968. A fume ventilator for dissecting micro-
scopes. Ent. Soc. Amer. Ann. 61(4):1043-1044

ROBERTS, D. W. and GRANADOS, R. R. 1968. An inexpensive device for pulling
glass microneedles for injection of small arthropods. Ent. Soc. Amer. Ann. 61(4):
1042-1043

ROWLEY, W. A., GRAHAM, C. L. and WILLIAMS, R, E. 1968. A flight mill system
for the laboratory study of mosquito flight. Ent. Soc. Amer. Ann. 61(6):1507-1514

SHOWERS, W. B., LEWIS, L. C. and REED, G, L. 1968. A possible marker for
European corn borer moths. J. Econ. Ent. 61(5):1464-1465

STERN, V. M. and MUELLER, A. 1968. Techniques of marking insects with micro-
nized fluorescent dust with especial emphasis on marking millions of Lygus
hesperus for dispersal studies. J. Econ. Ent. 61(5):1232-1237

TARSHIS, I. B. 1968. Use of fabrics in streams to collect black fly larvae.
Ent. Soc. Amer. Ann. 61(4):960-961

THOMAS, H. A. 1968. A description of the pupa of the pales weevil, Hylobius
pales, and a method for identifying its sex. Canad. Ent. 100(4) :434-437

TRUMAN, J. W. 1968. Acetone treatment for preservation of adult and larval
mosquitoes. Ent. Soc. Amer. Ann. 61(3):779-780

WIRTH, W. W. and MARSTON, N. 1968. A method for mounting small insects on
microscope slides in Canada balsam. Ent. Soc. Amer. Ann. 61(3):783-784

WOODRING, J. P. 1968. An automatic collecting device for tyroglyphid (Acaridae)
mites. Ent. Soc. Amer. Ann. 61(4):1030-1031

WOODRING, J. P. and CUTCHER, J. J. 1968. Vital dye marking of tyroglyphid
(Acaridae) mites. Ent. Soc. Amer. Ann. 61(4):1031-1032
TRAPS
BARTNETT, R. E. and STEPHENSON, R. G. 1968. Effect of mechanical barrier mesh
size on light trap collections in Harris County, Texas. Mosquito News 28(1):108-

109

COLE, A. E. 1968. Light weight battery for use with blacklight trap. U.S.
Dept. Agr. Coop. Econ. Ins. Rpt. 18(23):505

COOK, P. P., JR. and HORN, H. S. 1968. A sturdy trap for sampling emergent
Odonata. Ent. Soc. Amer. Ann. 61(6):1506-1507

COON, B. F. 1968. Aphid trapping with black-light lamps. J. Econ. Ent. 61(1):
309-310

COON, B. F. 1968. Aphid vectors of barley yellow dwarf virus in blacklight
traps in eastern United States. J. Econ. Ent. 61(5):1279-1282

COON, B. F. and PEPPER, J. O. 1968. Alate aphids captured in air traps arranged
at different heights. J. Econ. Ent. 61(5):1473-1474

nO A=

CROSS, W. H. and HARDEE, D. D. 1968. Traps for survey of overwintered boll
weevil populations. U.S. Dept. Agr. Coop. Econ. Ins. Rpt. 18(20):430

ELLINGTON, J. J., NORRIS, J. F, and DURKIN, J. 1968. A simplified field cage
for trapping pink bollworm adults. J. Econ. Ent. 61(5):1468-1469

FAY, R. W. 1968. A trap based on visual responses of adult mosquitoes. Mos-
quito News 28(1):1-7
Tests with Aedes aegypti

GONZALEZ, D. and RAWLINS, W. A. 1968. Aphid sampling efficiency of Moericke
traps affected by height and background. J. Econ. Ent. 61(1):109-114

HARDWICK, D. F. 1968. A brief review of the principles of light trap design
with a description of an efficient trap for collecting noctuid moths. Lepidop-
terists' Soc. J. 22(2) :65-75

% )

HARTSTACK, A. W., JR., HOLLINGSWORTH, J. P. and LINDQUIST, D. A. 1968. A tech-
nique for measuring trapping efficiency of electric insect traps. J. Econ, Ent.
61(2) :546-552

HOLLINGSWORTH, J. P., HARTSTACK, A. W., JR. and LINDQUIST, D. A. 1968.
Influence of near~ -ultraviolet output of attractant Tames on catches of insects
by light traps. J. Econ. Ent. 61(2):515-521

KALOOSTIAN, G. H. and WOLF, W. W. 1968. Attraction of pear psylla to black-
light. J. Econ. Ent. 61(1):145-147

KISHIMOTO, R,. 1968. Yellow pan water trap for sampling the small brown plant-
hopper, Laode lphax striatellus (Fallen), a vector of the rice stripe virus. Appl.

Ent). ZoolLooGbial—

LAMBERT, H. L. and WILSON, E. T. 1968. A device for examining large insect
traps. J. Econ. Ent. 61(1):324-326

LOY, V. A., BARNHART, C. S. and THERRIEN, A. A. 1968. A collapsible, portable
vehicle-mounted insect trap. Mosquito News 28(1) :84-87

MAXWELL, C. W. 1968. Interception of apple maggot adults on colored traps in
an orchard, J. Econ. Ent. 61(5):1259-1260

MCFADDEN, M. W. and LAM, J. J., JR. 1968. Influence of population level and
trap spacing on capture of tobacco hornworm moths in blacklight traps with virgin
females. J. Econ. Ent. 61(5):1150-1152

MEDLER, J. T. and GHOSH, A. K.-1968. Apterous aphids in water, wind, and
suction traps. J. Econ. Ent. 61(1):267-270

MERRILL, W. and SKELLY, J. M. 1968. A window trap for collection of insects
above the forest canopy. J. Econ. Ent. 61(5):1461-1462

NIJHOLT, W. W. and CHAPMAN, J. A. 1968. A flight trap for collecting living
insects. Canad. Ent. 100(11):1151-1153

PILLAI, J. S. and MACNAMARA, F., N. 1968. A portable mosquito trap for use with
a bantam fowl. Mosquito News 28(1):87-90

SIGGS, L. W. 1968. New forest mercury vapour light records for 1967. Ent. Rec.
J. Variation 80(4) :92-93
Lepidoptera

‘

“u958=

STEELMAN, C. D., RICHARDSON, C. G., SCHAEFER, R, E, and WILSON, B. H, 1968. A
collapsible truck-boat trap for collecting blood-fed mosquitoes and tabanids.
Mosquito News 28(1) :64-67

STEWART, P. A., GENTRY, C. R., KNOTT, C. M. and LAM, J. J., JR. 1968. Seasonal
trends in catches of moths of the tobacco hornworm, tomato hornworm, and corn
earworm in traps equipped with blacklight lamps in North Carolina. J. Econ. Ent.
61(1) :43-46

STEWART, P. A. and LAM, J. J., JR, 1968. Catch of insects at different heights
in traps equipped with blacklight lamps. J. Econ. Ent. 61(5):1227-1230

TURNER, E. C. and EARP, U. F. 1968. A timing device for direct current New
Jersey light traps. Mosquito News 28(1):75-76

VAIL, P. V., HOWLAND, A. F. and HENNEBERRY, T. J. 1968. Seasonal distribution,
sex ratios, and mating of female noctuid moths in blacklight trapping studies.
Ent. Soc. Amer. Ann. 61(2):405-411

WASHINO, R. K. and HOKAMA, Y. 1968. Quantitative sampling of aquatic insects
in a shallow-water habitat. Ent. Soc. Amer. Ann. 61(3):785-786

ZHOGOLEV, D. T. and YUSUPOV, K. YU. 1968. Using light traps for collecting of
malaria type mosquitoes. Zool. Zh. 47(4):628-629. In Rus., Engl. Sum.

ATTRACTANTS

BERGER, R. S. and CANERDAY, T. D. 1968. Specificity of the cabbage looper sex
attractant. J. Econ. Ent. 61(2) :452-454

BRADLEY, J. R., JR., CLOWER, D. F. and GRAVES, J. B. 1968. Field studies of
sex attraction in the boll weevil. J. Econ. Ent. 61(5):1457-1458

DAVIS, H. G. and COAUTHORS. 1968. New chemical attractants for yellow jackets
(Vespula spp.). J. Econ. Ent. 61(2) :459-462

DOOLITTLE, R. E, and BEROZA, M. 1968. Gas chromatographic analysis of the
insect attractant cue-lure and related compounds. J. Econ. Ent. 61(1):21-23

FLETCHER, L. W., CLABORN, H. V., TURNER, J. P. and LOPEZ, E, 1968. Difference
in response of two strains of screw-worm flies to the male pheromone. J. Econ.
Ent. 61(5) :1386-1388

GRAVITZ, N. and WILLSON, C. 1968. A sex pheromone from the citrus mealybug.
J. Econ. Ent. 61(5):1458-1459

GUERRA, A. A. 1968. New techniques to bioassay the sex attractant of pink
bollworms with olfactometers. J. Econ. Ent. 61(5):1252-1254

HAYES, J. T. and WHEELER, A. G., JR. 1968. Evidence for a sex attractant in
Hemicrepidius decoloratus (Coleoptera: Elateridae). Canad. Ent. 100(2):207-208

JACOBSON, M. and HARDING, C. 1968. Insect sex attractants. IX. Chemical con-
version of the sex attractant of the cabbage looper to the sex pheromone of the
fall armyworm. J. Econ. Ent. 61(2) :394-396

JACOBSON, M., TOBA, H. H., DEBOLT, J. and KISHABA, A. N,. 1968. Insect sex
attractants. VIII. structure-activity relationships in sex attractant for male
cabbage loopers. J. Econ. Ent. 61(1):84-85

=n96n—

KAWANO, Y., MITCHELL, W. C. and MATSUMOTO, H. 1968. Identification of the male
oriental fruit fly attractant in the golden shower blossom. J. Econ. Ent. 61(4):
986-988

KEYS, R. E. and MILLS, R. B. 1968. Demonstration and extraction of a Sex
attractant from female angoumois grain moths. J. Econ. Ent. 61(1):46-49

KLUN, J. A, 1968. Isolation of a sex pheromone of the European corn borer. J.
Econ. Ent. 61(2) :484-487
Ostrinia nubilalis

LOPEZ D., F, SPISHAKOFF, L. M. and HERNANDEZ BECERRIL, O. 1968. Pelletized
lures for trapping the Mexican fruit fly. J. Econ. Ent. 61(1):316-317

MANGUM, C. L. and CALLAHAN, P. S. 1968. Attraction of near-infrared radiation
to Aedes aegypti. J. Econ. Ent. 61(1):36-37

MORGAN, N. O. and PICKENS, L. G, 1968. Influence of air temperature on the
attractiveness of electric lamps to house flies. J. Econ. Ent. 61(5):1257-1259

ROELOFS, W. L. and ARN, H, 1968. Sex attractant of the red-banded leaf roller
moth. Nature (London) 219(5153):513
Argyrotaenia velutinana

ROELOFS, W. L. and FENG, K. C. 1968. Sex pheromone specificity tests in the
Tortricidae--an introductory report. Ent. Soc. Amer. Ann. 61(2):312-316

ROLLER, H, and COAUTHORS. 1968. Sex pheromones of pyralid moths. I. Isolation
and identification of the sex-attractant of Galleria mellonella L. (greater wax-
moth). Acta Ent. Bohemoslov. 65(3) :208-211

SCALES, A. L, 1968. Female tarnished plant bugs attract males. J. Econ. Ent.
61(5) : 1466-1467

SHOREY, H. H., MCFARLAND, S. U. and GASTON, L. K. 1968. Sex pheromones of
noctuid moths. XIII. Changes in pheromone quantity, as related to reproductive
age and mating history, in females of seven species of Noctuidae (Lepidoptera).
Ent. Soc. Amer. Ann. 61(2):372-376

SILVERSTEIN, R. M. and COAUTHORS. 1968. Brevicomin: principal sex attractant
in the frass of the female western pine beetle. Science 159(3817) :889-891
Dendroctonus brevicomis

TERAN, F. O. 1968. The potential use of insecticide-treated cane pieces to
attract and control adults of the sugarcane weevil, Metamasius bilobus, in
Bolivia. J. Econ. Ent. 61(4):1031-1033

TRAYNIER, R. M. M. 1968. Sex attraction in the Mediterranean flour moth,
Anagasta kiihniella: location of the female by the male. Canad. Ent. 100(1):5-10

co

U.S. Dept. Agr.
Coop. Econ. Ins. Rpt.
19(7) :88-96, 1969

x

x

Prepared in Plant Pest Control
Division i" 7 MS

Mm 3

2No7——

SUMMARY OF INSECT CONDITIONS IN THE UNITED STATES - 1968
INTRODUCTION

The Summary of insect conditions, beginning in this issue, will be continued in
several succeeding issues of the Cooperative Economic Insect Report. This was
compiled in Survey and Detection Operations from annual summaries that were sub-
mitted by various State and Federal cooperators. A list of the individuals who
assisted in assembling data, as well as a summary of the weather for 1968, will
appear after the last section of this summary is published. Survey and Detection
Operations appreciates the assistance of all individuals who have participated in
the preparation of material for the 1968 Summary,

FEDERAL AND STATE PLANT PROTECTION PROGRAMS

BOLL WEEVIL (Anthonomus grandis) hibernation survey was conducted in El Paso
County, TEXAS, during the week of March 18 on 89 square yards of surface trash.
Results were negative. A total of 600 square yards of trash was collected and
examined within the High Plains control zone. One live weevil was recovered,

Boll weevil traps were installed in four fields south of El Paso and one field on
the Texas-New Mexico State line. One weevil was collected in the latter field.
Boll weevil traps were placed in the High Plains area, coordinating with field
survey to determine the area to be treated. Trap catches increased greatly during
the last week of August. Control was begun on September 3 and continued through
November 4, 1968; 437,269 acres were treated. One boll weevil was found in Andrews
County, Texas. This county joins the southeastern corner of New Mexico.

BOLL WEEVIL COMPLEX (Anthonomus grandis complex) detection surveys were conducted
in ARIZONA and NEW MEXICO. The new boll weevil sex lure trap was used. No
weevils were found in New Mexico; however, heavy infestations were found in the
Avra Valley area of Arizona. A heavy concentration of thurberia weevil (A.
grandis thurberiae) was found in the Molino Basin. No weevils of the complex were
reported from CALIFORNIA during 1968,

The BROWN-TAIL MOTH (Nygmia phaeorrhoea) population built up in the Cape Cod area
of MASSACHUSETTS. Infestations were found in York and Cumberland Counties, MAINE;
and in Hillsboro, Merrimack, Belknap, and Carroll Counties, NEW HAMPSHIRE, A
total of 220 webs was destroyed on 11 properties in New Hampshire.

Surveys for CALIFORNIA RED SCALE (Aonidiella aurantii) in citrus groves and resi-
dences with host material in ARIZONA yielded 21 home infestations in central
Phoenix during January. A 35-acre grove at Mesa was reinfested in June, despite
repeated attempts during the past 10 years to eradicate this infestation. A rein-
festation was found in a Phoenix organic nursery in late July, and 46 infestations
were found in an older established neighborhood during September at Tucson, Pima
County.

CARIBBEAN FRUIT FLY (Anastrepha suspensa) was reported for the first time in

St. Johns and Hernando Counties, FLORIDA, during 1968. Infested counties now
total 30. The total number of flies trapped since 1966 indicates a buildup. This
fruit fly remained a serious pest of dooryard fruits, including certain types of
citrus, and damaged a 20-acre grapefruit grove in the Fort Pierce area.

CEREAL LEAF BEETLE (Oulema me lanopus) was found for the first time in KENTUCKY on
May 22, 1968, when specimens from Boone County were collected. Additional
counties found infested included Oldham, Scott, Fayette, Gallatin, Pendleton,
Bracken, Robertson, Mason, Fleming, Lewis, Greenup, Boyd, and Lawrence. The
beetle was found in WEST VIRGINIA for a new State record on May 8, 1968, in Wood
County. On May 22 an infestation was found in Hancock County. The beetle spread
to 13 additional counties in PENNSYLVANIA, namely Erie, Crawford, Warren, Venango,
Forest, Clarion, Armstrong, Indiana, Westmoreland, Allegheny, Washington, Greene,
and Fayette. Cuyahoga was the only new county reported in OHIO. No new counties

=98e=

were reported in MICHIGAN. Six new counties were reported infested in INDIANA: -
Monroe, Brown, Jackson, Ohio, Jefferson, and Switzerland, In ILLINOIS, six
counties were reported infested for the first time: Shelby, Moultrie, Champaign,
Livingston, Grundy, and Cook. Control treatments were conducted on 507,360 acres
in the State,

A survey for CHERRY FRUIT FLIES (Rhagoletis spp.) was conducted in the major sour
cherry commercial orchard area of WISCONSIN during June, July, and August. A
total of 240 sticky traps using ammonium carbonate bait were hung in cherry trees
at 59 locations, No European cherry fruit flies (R. cerasi) were found; however,
cherry fruit fly (R. cingulata), black cherry fruit fly (R. fausta), and apple
maggot (R. pomonella) were caught. ie

CITRUS BLACKFLY (Aleurocanthus woglumi) is not known to occur in the United States.
Surveys were conducted in the lower Rio Grande Valley of TEXAS, however, to detect
infestations if they occurred, As an aid in keeping this species from gaining a
foothold in this country, a chemical control zone iS maintained from the Rio
Grande southward for 100 miles into Mexico, Within this area, when infestations
were found, infested trees and the margins around them were sprayed with carbo-
phenathion. Spraying of 111,606 trees accomplished the desired goal of holding
this pest in check.

The CITRUS WHITEFLY (Dialeurodes citri) eradication program in CALIFORNIA was
terminated in spring of 1968 due to large, widely separated infestations,

Survey for CUBAN MAY BEETLE (Phyllophaga bruneri) in Dade and southern Broward
Counties, FLORIDA, was completed June 26, No northward movement was noted. The
northernmost boundary remained within the city of Miami. The southernmost infes-—
tation was extended 10 miles southwest to the Subtropical Experiment Station at
Homestead, Survey was conducted as far south as Florida City with negative
results,

EUROPEAN CHAFER (Amphimallon majalis) was reported for the first time in Orange,
Chautauqua, Steuben, and Ulster Counties, NEW YORK, The first flight of chafers
was noted on June 17.in Cleveland, OHIO, June 15 in Sayre, PENNSYLVANIA, and
June 19 in Bayonne, NEW JERSEY. Granular chlordane and granular dieldrin were
used in treating turf and other areas in MASSACHUSETTS, New York, Pennsylvania,
and Ohio. Adults were recovered in Bratenahl, a suburb of Cleveland, Ohio;
Winthrop, Suffolk County, Massachusetts; and Newark, Essex County, and North
Bergen, Hudson County, New Jersey. Extensions of infestations were noted in
Broome, Erie, Genesee, Jefferson, Livingston, Niagara, Oneida, and Queens
Counties and Manhattan proper in New York.

The GOLDEN NEMATODE (Heterodera rostochiensis) infestation in Steuben County,

NEW YORK, was delimited. Eight fields, comprising 350 acres, were found infested.
Two of these fields, with a total of 84 acres, produced seed stock. Survey of
areas with a history of receiving seed stock from Steuben County failed to reveal
any infestation. A total of 22,102 samples was collected from 15,518 acres of
tablestock potato land, On Long Island, 21,798 samples were collected from 9,323
acres, Three fields contained viable cysts. Growers and shippers on Long Island
are encouraged to wash all potatoes from exposed fields prior to shipment. A
total of 1,312 acres was treated for control of the golden nematode in New York.

Light numbers of a GRASS BUG (Labops hirtus) fed on 10,000 acres of wheatgrass on
the Hualapai Indian Reservation, Mohave County, ARIZONA, in late May. During
early June counts averaged 35 per square yard on wheatgrass at Reservation Flats
in the Sitgreaves National Forest, Apache County. Labops hesperius, L. utahensis,
Irbisia pacifica, I. brachycera, and I, shulli were the most conspicuous range
grass pests in UTAH for 1968. Although planted grasses were damaged on several
thousand acres, damage was less extensive than during 1966 or 1967, Most damage
occurred in the southern range areas damaged during the preceding 2 years. To
control these pests, 5,184 acres of Forest Service rangeland in the east fork of
the Sevier River in Garfield and Kane Counties were aerially sprayed. The low

= Gone

volume organic phosphate used, gave about 100 percent control. lLabops hesperius
ranged up to 5 per square foot and damaged wheatgrass in Caribou County, IDAHO.
These pests damaged native grass in Elmore County in late May and 200 acres of
rangeland wheatgrass in Clark County in late June. A black species, Irbisia
pacifica, infested a field of wheatgrass in Idaho County during early June.

GRASSHOPPERS averaged 2.7 per square yard in fields and 3.1 in margins in ILLINOIS
the last week of August. This was a slight increase over 1967. Second instars
of Dissosteira carolina were noted by May 3 in WISCONSIN, first instars of
Melanoplus Sanguinipes by June 21; few M. femurrubrum second instars and M,
differentialis third instars by July 12, M. Sanguinipes and D, carolina adults
occurred by August 9, M. femurrubrum adults August 16. Adults were still present
on October 27, Numbers were low all season and feeding on crops was scarce,
Economic numbers of grasshoppers were general in the Same areas of MINNESOTA as
in 1967, but populations were lower. This decline was due to wet weather in June
and early July during and after hatch. Economic numbers infested an estimated
210,945 acres of alfalfa, red clover, and grass compared with 288,235 acres in
1967. Crop damage was not apparent during summer, Late in the season, grass-
hoppers damaged marginal rows of corn and soybeans in some areas, Egg surveys in
fields with economic populations during the adult survey, showed egg pods in 84
percent of the fields, M. femurrubrum was again dominant throughout MINNESOTA.
Chorthippus curtipennis has increased during the last few years primarily in the
western area, This grasshopper has caused little crop damage but may cause prob-
lems in grassy areas. Other grasshoppers were important in only a few fields.
Economic infestations will again occur in the west-central, central, and east-
central districts in 1969, Infestations will be dispersed throughout this area
on alfalfa and along roadsides and ditchbanks, Light and noneconomic infestations
should be widely scattered, isolated problems, Weather conditions during egg
hatch and early nymphal growth could modify this outlook.

Grasshopper infestations have been declining in NORTH DAKOTA since the severe
outbreak in 1961 and were at the lowest level Since that year. Hatch began in
mid-May and continued through July. The main hatch occurred during the week of
June 24, Damage was evident by mid-June, M. femurrubrum and M. differentialis
eggs did not hatch until mid-June, Infestations were generally noneconomic Over
most of the State. The fall adult survey showed light infestations in Grant,
Morton, and Emmons Counties and parts of Cass, Richland, and Ransom Counties.
Threatening to severe infestations occurred in a few scattered fields, mainly in
alfalfa, soil bank, and sweetclover. Grasshoppers were generally noneconomic on
rangeland, M. femurrubrum, M. bivittatus, and M. sanguinipes were dominant,
Grasshoppers are not expected to be a widespread problem in North Dakota during
1969, Surveys in SOUTH DAKOTA in late 1967 indicated a potentially severe grass-
hopper outbreak in 1968 if weather conditions were ideal. Prior to early May an
egg development survey in eastern Fall River County along the Cheyenne River
indicated that predators had destroyed up to 25 percent of the grasshopper eggs
in some locations and that parasitism had accounted for up to 20 percent of the
eggs. M. bivittatus and M. differentialis eggs hatched in cropland areas and
a deorum on, rangeland in western Custer County the third week of May.
By mid-June, when first cutting of alfalfa was underway, M. femurrubrum began to
emerge. In the southeastern, area M. bivittatus was mostly in Second to third
instars and M, differentialis in first to second instars. As expected, a threat-
ening to severe buildup in Sanborn and Davison Counties ranged 25-30 erasshoppers
per square yard in field margins and roadsides, and up to 50 per square yard in
weedy areas. Similar buildups occurred along margins of winter wheat in eastern
Pennington County. By the first week of July, up to 30 grasshoppers per square
yard infested some alfalfa in west-central Sanborn County with 40-50 per square
yard along margins of heavily infested areas. West of the Missouri River in Fall
River, eastern Pennington, Shannon, Bennett, and Washabaugh Counties,counts per
Square yard ranged 4-15 in fields and 15-20 in margins of alfalfa. Through the
end of July, rangeland infestations remained light. Apparent damage to cropland
was confined to alfalfa fields and margins of wheat and corn, In some areas of
South Dakota sufficient moisture through the middle of August kept crops ahead of
damage. Chemical control on roadsides and fields was limited. A potential for

- 100 -

an economic infestation exists over most of eastern and parts of western South
Dakota during 1969, particularly along the Cheyenne River.

Grasshoppers declined in NEBRASKA in 1968, Economic numbers infested only a few
scattered areas in the southeast and northeast districts. No economic infesta-
tions were reported on western range and crop lands. The heaviest concentrations
in the north occurred from Valentine to Lewis, and Clark Lake. Dominant species
in the eastern area were Melanoplus femurrubrum, M. differentialis, and M.
bivittatus, On western area croplands, M. bivittatus, M. differentialis, and M.
Sanguinipes were dominant. Aulocara elliotti, Ageneotettix deorum, and e
Trachyrhachys kiowa were important on rangeland in Nebraska. Grasshoppers

Caused concern and damage to margins of many wheatfields in south-central and
southwestern KANSAS in the fall of 1968. Borders of many fields in this area
were treated. M. femurrubrum, M. Sanguinipes, and M. bivittatus caused some
damage in many areas of the State, but less than in 1967. Treatments were applied
to a large acreage, particularly in the south-central and southwest districts.
The 1968 fall survey showed populations of 3-7 per square yard in most areas. In
general, grasshopper numbers were below those of 1967 in Kansas. Grasshopper egg
hatch in south-central OKLAHOMA began in early April. Fall surveys showed
687,000 acres of rangeland in 20 southwest, west-central, and northwest counties
economically infested. Dominant rangeland species were Ageneotettix deorun,
Phlibostroma quadrimaculatum, Aulocara elliotti, Drepanopterna femoratum, Metator
pardalinus, Cordillacris crenulata, and Melanoplus lakinus. Dominant crop margin
species were Aeoloplus turnbulli, M. packardii, and M. bivittatus. Hippiscus spp.
caused damage to grasses and rangeland in TEXAS, fe

In NEW MEXICO 292,931 acres of rangeland were treated for grasshoppers in

De Baca, Guadalupe, and Quay Counties, Light to moderate numbers of Trimerotropis
spp. in ARIZONA were scattered throughout Cochise, Graham, and Maricopa Counties
in early May. Grasshoppers appeared in areas of CALIFORNIA that have been rela-
tively free since 1961 when the fungus Entomophthora grylli practically elimi-
nated these pests. Infestations appeared in Kings, Riverside, and Kern Counties
in April and by the end of May were general and heavy. Largest infestations
appeared in the Sierra foothills and northern counties. Heavy infestations,
primarily on rangelands and pastures, continued through July and decreased sharply
in August. Some fruits, vegetables, and alfalfa were damaged. Grasshoppers were
also locally damaging to grain plantings. Most treatment was done by individual
growers, Treatments were applied to outbreaks totaling 70,000 acres in Humboldt,
Lassen, Siskiyou, Kern, Riverside, and San Diego Counties, Grasshoppers caused
some damage to potatoes in Siskiyou County, California, Although grasshoppers
were more numerous in NEVADA than in 1967, no control programs were required and
only small, localized acreages were treated, The 1968 fall adult survey indicated
a potential infestation on 131,335 acres of rangeland in 1969, mostly in Eureka,
Humboldt, Lander, and Pershing Counties.

Economic grasshopper infestations were small and scattered in OREGON during 1968.
An estimated 24,000 acres in the northeastern area were infested with 8 or more
grasshoppers per square yard; 12,000 of these acres are Federal lands. Melanoplus
sp. nymphs damaged peppermint fields in. Lane County where treatments were
necessary. Some damage was also reported from Josephine County. First and
second stage nymphs of Oedaleonotus enigma and M. Sanguinipes were observed in
western IDAHO in late April. First to third instars of O. enigma averaged 5 per
square yard on rangeland south of Glenns Ferry and scattered concentrations
occurred on range north of Shoshone Falls in early May. Adults of O. enigma and
Aulocara elliotti were first noted the second week of June in Elmore County.
Nymphs and adults ranged 5-20 per square yard on an estimated 8,300 acres of
rangeland, More grasshoppers survived to adult stage in 1968 than in 1967 in
MONTANA, Range conditions were again excellent and damage was noticeable only in
a very few areas. Some 21,000 acres of privately operated range were treated
where heavy populations threatened needed forage. Again, some grain margins were
sprayed as these pests moved into new fall seedings. In WYOMING there was one
small control project on rangeland grasshoppers in 1968. On July 31, 7,768 acres
were sprayed near Douglas, Converse County. More than 90 percent of the

- 101 -

grasshoppers were killed, The 1968 adult survey indicates that 1,164,300 acres
of rangeland were economically infested. Grasshopper populations and damage in
UTAH were below normal on corn, sorghum, and small grain, Although populations
were generally lower than normal on rangeland, moderate to spotty damage occurred
in many counties. An aerial Spray program controlled outbreaks on planted
grasses on over 6,000 acres of private range in the Cedar Mountain area of Iron
County. Damage on forage was lighter than normal although spotty in various
localities. Populations were high in some areas and threatened damage for 1969
in Utah County, particularly west of Utah Lake. A total of 124,150 acres was
surveyed in 10 Utah counties in 1968.

Defoliation by GYPSY MOTH (Porthetria dispar) occurred on several hundred acres
west of Hawk Mountain in Berks County, PENNSYLVANIA. Many larvae began "spinning
up" on June 24. Defoliation occurred in the Morristown National Historical Park
area, NEW JERSEY, during the third week of June, and in several areas of NEW
HAMPSHIRE and MAINE, Aerial control was completed on June 4 in New Jersey, when
48,288 acres were treated. In NEW YORK, 17,253 acres were treated, and in
Pennsylvania, 56,291 acres received treatment. New county records were established
in Lancaster, Lebanon, Lehigh, and Montgomery Counties, Pennsylvania, when gypsy
moth adults were trapped. Moths were recovered also in the following areas:
Pennsylvania —Berks, Bucks, Carbon, Chester, Luzerne, Monroe, Northampton, Pike,
Schuylkill, and Wayne Counties; New Jersey -—Atlantic, Burlington, Camden, Cape
May, Gloucester, Hunterdon, Mercer, Middlesex, Salem, Somerset, and Warren
Counties; New York - Delaware County. Over 44,000 traps were utilized. For the
second consecutive year, no moths have been trapped in MICHIGAN.

IMPORTED FIRE ANT (Solenopsis Saevissima richteri) was detected for the first time
in Lauderdale County, ALABAMA, and minor extensions were found in 18 counties.
Only Colbert, Jackson, and De Kalb Counties remain uninfested in that State. No
infestations were found in ARKANSAS outside the known infested counties in 1968.
No new counties were found infested in FLORIDA, but extensions were found in 10
counties. The ant was found in Bacon, Jasper, Johnson, Long, McIntosh, and
Montgomery Counties, GEORGIA, for the first time, and extensions of existing
infestations were found in 6 counties, Claiborne Parish, LOUISIANA, remained
free of imported fire ant in 1968; however, extensions were found in 7 parishes,
Holmes County, MISSISSIPPI, was found infested for the first time, and extensions
were noted in 17 counties. No new counties were found infested in NORTH CAROLINA,
but extensions were found in 3 counties. In SOUTH CAROLINA, imported fire ant was
found for the first time in Kershaw and Sumter Counties, and extensions reported
from 2 counties. No imported fire ant has been found in TENNESSEE since 1966,

New counties found infested in TEXAS included Cherokee, Shelby, and Trinity.

Minor extensions occurred in 3 counties. Of the 14.2 million acres treated in
1968, 278 thousand were in Alabama, 20 thousand in Arkansas, 3.99 million in
Florida, 7.2 million in Georgia, 6.4 thousand in Louisiana, 1.89 million in
Mississippi, 75 thousand in North Carolina, 27 thousand in South Carolina, and 43
thousand in Texas,

Over 41,000 traps were operated to detect JAPANESE BEETLE (Popillia japonica)
during 1968, Established infestations were found for the first time in De Kalb
and Lee Counties, ALABAMA. Over 1,100 traps were operated during the year.
Beetles were found in the treated area around Irondale, Jefferson County. Trap-
ping in INDIANA resulted in finding this scarab in Hendricks, Lawrence, and
Tipton Counties for the first time, and in Hancock County for the first time
Since 1958. Livingston County, ILLINOIS, was a new county, as were Christian,
Grant, Leslie, and Menifee Counties, KENTUCKY. Other new county records included
Putnam, OHIO, Anderson, and Lancaster, SOUTH CAROLINA, First adults of the
season were reported from VIRGINIA on June 3, Illinois June 17, MICHIGAN June 25,
and Ohio July 1. Heavy catches of beetles occurred in the 1966 treated area of
East St. Louis, Illinois. Washington and Sullivan Counties, TENNESSEE, evidently
are becoming reinfested. In that State beetles were collected in Anderson,
Blount, Greene, Knox, Loudon, Monroe, Unicoi, and Washington Counties. Over
6,000 beetles were trapped in the Hamby Valley area of Monroe County, Tennessee,
Survey was conducted in most States outside the generally infested area.

- 102 -

P, japonica was heavy in NEW JERSEY, DELAWARE, and southern NEW ENGLAND, Dover
Air Force Base, Delaware, remained hazardous throughout the season, with 1,006
aircraft treated. In NORTH CAROLINA survey was confined to areas of regulatory
importance; heavy infestations occurred. Populations were heavy in all States in
1968. In Monroe and Lenawee Counties, Michigan, 16 single finds were made around
the perimeter of the current regulated area; Warren had 2,000 acres generally
infested; Kalamazoo had one single find; Berrien County has approximately 4,600
acres generally infested. All surveys in cities of Lansing, Grand Rapids, and
Kalamazoo were negative.

Survey conducted for KHAPRA BEETLE (Trogoderma granarium) in 18 States and the
Republic of Mexico was negative during 1968. No infestations are known to occur
in North America,

No specimens of MEDITERRANEAN FRUIT FLY (Ceratitis capitata) were caught in the
United States or Mexico during 1968; 23,600 traps were operated for detection of
this pest,

revealed one adult and one egg mass in adjacent bean fields at Rupert, Minidoka
County, in mid-July.

A detection survey for MEXICAN BEAN BEETLE (Epilachna varivestis) in IDAHO

MEXICAN FRUIT FLY (Anastrepha ludens) trapping was conducted in the States of
Florida, Louisiana, Texas, Arizona and California, and in the Republic of Mexico.
Flies were trapped in Hidalgo and Webb Counties, TEXAS; none were found in the
other States. On January 22, 1968, a nongravid female was trapped near Harlingen,
It was not until October 10 that another fly, a female, was trapped near McAllen.
This was the earliest since the 1949-1950 fruit season. A single fly was trapped
in each of Webb and Hidalgo Counties in November. Two larvae were found in fruit
in Hidalgo County. Native flies were trapped in Baja California where sterile
flies are released for control purposes. Such sterile flies are marked prior to
release.

An insignificant MORMON CRICKET (Anabrus Simplex) infestation was reported from
La Grande, OREGON. Scattered crickets were found in Elko County, NEVADA; however,
no indication of banding was found, Approximately 700 acres were found with
light populations in Pershing and Eureka Counties, Nevada. Scattered crickets
were seen in Rich County, UTAH, and Meagher County, MONTANA, No control was
necessary in 1968,

Sex lure traps were operated for the detection of PINK BOLLWORM (Pectinophora
gossypiella) in Alabama, Arkansas, Florida, Georgia, Louisiana, Mississippi,
Tennessee, Texas, South Carolina, Arizona, New Mexico, and California. Pink
bollworm was lighter during 1968 in all States except California, In ARKANSAS,

2 moths were trapped in Miller County and 2 larvae found in Cleburne County. In
LOUISIANA, one larva was found in De Soto Parish and one larva in Red River
Parish, Moths were trapped in Avoyelles, Caddo, Grant, Natchitoches, Rapides,

and Red River Parishes, There was a late buildup in NEW MEXICO, but it was
lighter than last year, Lint cleaner inspections and trap catches in ARIZONA

were light, though there were large numbers of larvae in bolls and debris in
Arizona cotton fields in January and February 1968. Moths were trapped in Nye

and Clark Counties, NEVADA, and larvae were found in Nye County. No pink bollworm
was found in the Bakersfield area of Kern County, CALIFORNIA, in 1968. As a means
of control, over 9 million sterile moths were released in this area. In Imperial
and Riverside Counties, moth catches indicated an increase while the rest of the
country Showed a decrease over 1967.

The RANGE CATERPILLAR (Hemileuca oliviae) egg mass survey in NEW MEXICO during
January 1968 indicated that the 1967 spray program in Colfax, Union, and Harding
Counties had greatly reduced populations. Development during 1968 was very late
in Lincoln, Colfax, and Union Counties. Economic infestations were reported from
Lincoln and Colfax Counties late in August,

- 103 -

The loss due to SOYBEAN CYST NEMATODE (Heterodera glycines) leveled off consider-
ably from the Spectacular increases of previous years in MISSOURI. However,
there was a five-percent loss from this cyst nematode in the bootheel area. This
nematode was found to be numerous on roots of Soybeans in the Columbia bottoms at
the northeast edge of St. Louis. Damage was noted in several fields. Females
were present on the roots of soybeans throughout one field, causing damage of 10
percent. The resistant soybean variety, Pickett, performed very well in the
heavily infested fields in southeastern Missouri, The earlier maturing soybean
varieties, Custer and Dyer, were affected where rainfall was scarce. The dry
weather appeared to reduce yields. Approximately 200,000 acres of the estimated
1.5 million acres in soybeans in southeast Missouri were planted to resistant
varieties, Survey was conducted in 17 States on more than 690,000 acres. Local
spread was reported from several counties in the infested States, The following
counties or parishes were found infested with soybean cyst nematode for the first
time during 1968: Conway, ARKANSAS; Tensas, LOUISIANA; Claiborne, Jefferson,
Panola, Quitman, and Washington, MISSISSIPPI; St. Charles, Missouri; Beaufort,
Onslow, and Washington, NORTH CAROLINA; Hardin and Henderson, TENNESSEE,

The SWEETPOTATO WEEVIL (Cylas formicarius elegantulus) State quarantine was
removed in NORTH CAROLINA during September. Weevils had been found in three
counties in late 1967 and close inspection failed to reveal Sweetpotato weevils
present. The pest was found again in a Tabor City storage on December 30, 1968,
however, and the quarantine once again became effective. Survey was conducted
throughout the sweetpotato growing areas of ALABAMA, GEORGIA, LOUISIANA,
MISSISSIPPI, North Carolina, and SOUTH CAROLINA. Infestations were recorded from
all States. In South Carolina, sweetpotato weevil was found on wild hosts on
Sullivan's Island; however, no weevils were found in sweetpotatoes. Sweetpotato
weevil was found for the first time in Barbour County, Alabama; Franklin and Red
River Parishes, Louisiana, and weevils were found in St. Tammany Parish for the
first record in 25 years,

WEST INDIAN SUGARCANE ROOT BORER (Diaprepes abbreviatus) was detected in the
Apopka and Plymouth area of Orange County, FLORIDA, in September and October 1968.
In 1964 one adult was collected at Apopka. Over 6,000 acres are now considered
infested, including 800 acres of citrus. Severe damage to young commercial
citrus occurred when adults fed on leaves and larvae girdled roots. Larvae
seriously damaged citrus nursery stock in a nursery at Apopka. Regulatory and
control procedures were instigated by the State.

WESTERN GRAPE LEAF SKELETONIZER (HarrisSina brillians) infestations were treated
in Sacramento, Yolo, Placer, El Dorado, Fresno, and Kings Counties, CALIFORNIA.
A late season infestation was found at Clovis, Fresno County, and immediate
treatment was effective.

Surveys for WHITE-FRINGED BEETLES (Graphognathus spp.) revealed infestations in
Newton County, TEXAS, and in Dunklin, Pemiscot, and New Madrid Counties, MISSOURI,
for new State records, One new county, Pulaski, was found infested in ARKANSAS.
Local Spread occurred in that State, as well as in OKLAHOMA, FLORIDA, and GEORGIA,
In LOUISIANA, local spread occurred in most parishes, and these beetles were

found for the first time in Calcasieu, Evangeline, Rapides, and Terrebonne
Parishes, New counties found infested in 1968 in MISSISSIPPI included Clay and
Lowndes, while spread was noted in most other infested counties. White-fringed
beetles were found in Dorchester and Greenwood Counties, SOUTH CAROLINA, and in
Obion and Rhea Counties, TENNESSEE, for new county records, In VIRGINIA, adults
of G. leucoloma striatus were found in James City, Mecklenburg, and York Counties
and in the independent city of Williamsburg; G. leucoloma fecundus was reported
from Chesterfield County. In addition to these new county records, local spread
was evident in the Norfolk area. Larval digging in Hampton revealed 25 larvae
per Square foot in a soybean field. No spread was noted in MARYLAND, and only 2
larvae were reported in the eradication area of Prince Georges County.

- 104 -

Eradication of WHITE GARDEN SNAIL (Theba pisana) continued in CALIFORNIA with
regular applications of poison bran baitings at Manhattan Beach, Los Angeles
County. The infestation involved 7 city blocks. A few live snails were found on
one property in July 1968.

The detection survey for WOOLLY WHITEFLY (Aleurothrixus floccosus) in CALIFORNIA
continued most of the year. A combination treatment program for Dialeurodes citri
(citrus whitefly) and woolly whitefly was conducted until the citrus whitefly
program was terminated. Biocontrol of woolly whitefly is underway with parasite
releases. Delimiting survey revealed 374 city blocks infested with woolly
whitefly in San Diego, San Diego County, the only known location in California.

EUROPEAN PINE SHOOT MOTH (Rhyacionia buoliana) flights in OREGON peaked during
late May and early June. Chemical sprays were made in April. First instars were
found in mid-June. No new, established infestations were found. Fall surveys
detected 373 infested trees, most of which were in the Hermiston and McNary Dam
areas of Umatilla County. Infested trees are mostly Scotch and mugho pines.

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VOL. 19 No.8 February 21, 1969

Cooperative
ECONOMIC INSECT
REPORT

cot HSONIZ>
MAK 4 19¥b9

. WDisred by LIBRARIES
PLANT PEST CONTROL DIVISION

AGRICULTURAL RESEARCH SERVICE

UNITED STATES DEPARTMENT OF AGRICULTURE

AGRICULTURAL RESEARCH SERVICE

PLANT PEST CONTROL DIVISION

SURVEY AND DETECTION OPERATIONS

The Cooperative Economic Insect Report is issued
weekly as a service to American Agriculture. its contents
are compiled from information supplied by cooperating State,
Fedéral, and industrial entomologists and other agricultural
workers. In releasing this material the Division serves as
a clearing house and doesnot assume responsibility for ac-
curacy of the material.

All reports and inquiries pertaining to this release,
including the mailing list, should be sent to:

Survey and Detection Operations
Plant Pest Control Division
Agricultural Research Service
United States Department of Agriculture
Federal Center Building
Hyattsville, Maryland 20782

Volume 19 February 21, 1969 Number 8

COOPERATIVE ECONOMIC INSECT REPORT

HIGHLIGHTS

Current Conditions
GREENBUG damage heavy on small grain in Rolling Plains area of Texas. (p. 107).

WINTER GRAIN MITE activity heavy on winter wheat in Rolling Plains area of Texas.
(Gale IOWANS

ALFALFA WEEVIL population expected to be lighter than in previous years in
Vai oinalalars aps) diO7:))s

GREEN PEACH APHID increasing on young safflower in Maricopa County, Arizona.
(p. 108). :

Detection

For new county records see page 111.

Special Reports
Populations of the Northern Corn Rootworm. (pp. 112-113).

Summary of Insect Conditions in the United States - 1968
Special Insects of Regional Significance. (pp. 114-122).

Reports in this issue are for week ending February 14 unless otherwise indicated.

= 105) —

= lOG]—

CONTENTS

Special Insects of Regional Significance... cc. cesccceccccscescecsscercersesvecvlOl
Insects Affecting

Smavlels Gran Siotetetote ere ret label otek chokereransperer Ol CUUCLUSeiererercleletelele steioelelelelelena lel hetatototor| OS

Turf, Pastures, Rangeland.........-l07 OVNAMEN TAILS |e areiere' ciels/ise1 oe) cle! s)eiciiel lebenet lOO

HOVAGE LELUMES Ia) eis) ste/eleletereleelelevel clei stele Os0, Forest, and ‘Shade Trees... < «1 eO9

Suparbee ESR erelarcierclakersionsVereievetete) erelerer LOO Man and -Animallisye < s « «ice «siecle ajeleisiere Oo,

Miscellaneous Field Crops..........108 Households and Structures........110

Deciduous Fruits and Nuts.........1038 Stored: Produits’. cic. 5 6 oe oles ehelche lO
Beneficrad, TNSECESI. src «s/c c/ es) oe 1s lc ols\ 616.010 oleic! <l oleic (a) aj ey ecehejoyal ci <ieheiel slleienolavelletesel NoretloteR akon uO
Federal and State Plant Protection Programs). ..< :c.cve oie «0 ciolcie cle e's) e 0/0010 s ocjsieehepeeyoney lO
Hawaii InSecit: REPO thecerels. os onc: oo sitefteieiieevevelier eo steps) cleieialereiellexelejeheloieleseveccy sexes ol noveyeheRoReilchon nee aL O.
UNSSC eDETSC ELON ccierc ovelerele clelelenciels esis erelelene siele/alekavelchereieneereuenorsvcvelejeicheveter=ietehonekn-RonenRonen| a let
CORTECELONS S ciere. ooreis severe) syanevrel ave te: er el efeyer sie eieie.elesenelcnslaveleie cveleretevoverehoreleledenevel ickoheholclcvoeohorehonenor le el
Hachtenrap iC Olle ciiwOnSisieresaretcrersreteloreietererelete fe) ayenehen cloner e/ s/ el eljelial si ctenccatollevelelelleneusteienchs\etenoheneR eRe ela
Populations of the Northern Corn Rootworm, Diabrotica longicornis (Say).......112
Summary of Insect Conditions in the United States - 1968

Special Insects of Regional Significance’. ooo 5 cyerele oc ,s101 cee) 0) 01.0) a0, ere/oysiciefeleyejerovonenonetl ale

WEATHER BUREAU'S 30-DAY OUTLOOK
MID-FEBRUARY TO MID-MARCH 1969

The Weather Bureau's 30-day outlook for mid-February to mid-March is for tempera-
tures to average above seasonal normals over the Southern Plains and southern and
central Rocky Mountain States, as well as over portions of the Northeast and Great
Lakes. Below normal temperatures are indicated for the Middle and South Atlantic
States, while near normal temperatures are expected elsewhere. Precipitation is
expected to exceed normal over the Northwest and most of the South. Subnormal
totals are indicated for a band extending from the northern Plains through the
Great Lakes to northern New England, while near normal amounts are in prospect
elsewhere.

Weather forecast given here is based on the official 30-day "Resume and Outlook"

published twice a month by the Weather Bureau. You can subscribe through the
Superintendent of Documents, Washington, D.C. 20250. Price $5.00 a year.

For Weather of the Week see page 1ll.

= OZ

SPECIAL INSECTS OF REGIONAL SIGNIFICANCE

ARMY CUTWORM (Chorizagrotis auxiliaris) - OKLAHOMA - Ranged 2-6 per 10 linear
feet in 3 of 6 wheatfields in Noble and Kay Counties. (Okla. Coop. Sur.).
KANSAS - None found in wheat checked in Barton, Stafford, Edwards, Ford, Meade,
Seward, Stevens, Grant, Kearny, Finney, Wichita, Wallace, Logan, Gove, Thomas,
Sheridan, and Graham Counties. (Simpson).

BEET LEAFHOPPER (Circulifer tenellus) - CALIFORNIA - Rain and equipment failure
hampered spray efforts. To date 10,883 rangeland acres treated, including 2,330
acres this period. Leafhoppers ranged 15-20 per 10 sweeps in Los Banos Hills,
Merced County. Weather hampered survey. Egg development not at peak. (Cal.
Coop. Rpt.).

GREENBUG (Schizaphis graminum) - KANSAS - None found in wheat checked in Barton,
Stafford, Edwards, Ford, Meade, Seward, Stevens, Grant, Kearny, Finney, Wichita,
Wallace, Logan, Gove, Thomas, Sheridan, and Graham Counties. (Simpson).
OKLAHOMA - Ranged 50-125 per linear foot in wheat in Jackson and Tillman Counties.
Occasional fields showing damage. Averaged 5 per linear foot in Perkins area,
“Payne County. (Okla. Coop. Sur.). TEXAS - Spotted, heavy activity in South
Plains, Rolling Plains, and central areas. Heavy damage in Wilbarger, Foard,
Wichita, and Motley Counties. Damage lighter in Knox, Haskell, Cottle, King,
and Jones Counties. Survey of Hill, Bosque, McLennan, and Limestone Counties
revealed spotted, heavy damage in Groesbeck and Mart area on 3 to 6-inch wheat.
Ranged 100-200 per row foot in fields near Groesbeck and Mart. Very light in
other fields in area. Ranged 5-25 per row foot in Bosque County. Very light,
0-5 per row foot, in other counties. Damage widespread in Lampasas County;
control underway in many areas. (Richardson et al.).:. NEW MEXICO - Ranged 10-20
per row foot in Artesia area, Eddy County, and Roswell, Chaves County. Few
fields in Chaves County with 100+ aphids per linear foot. (Mathews).

SPOTTED ALFALFA APHID (Therioaphis maculata) - NEW MEXICO - Generally light and
spotty in Eddy and Chaves County alfalfa, but occasional heavy infestation found.
Few growers treating in Artesia area, Eddy County. (Mathews).

SMALL GRAINS

WINTER GRAIN MITE (Penthaleus major) - OKLAHOMA - Light, up to 4 per linear foot,
in most wheatfields in Noble and Kay Counties. (Okla* Coop. Sur.). TEXAS -
Heavy in Wilbarger and Archer Counties. Moderate in Baylor County. (Boring,
Feb. 7). Activity heavy on wheat in Wilbarger, Archer, and Baylor Counties.
Light in McLennan County; up to 50 per row foot. (Boring, Green).

TURF, PASTURES, RANGELAND

AN ARMORED SCALE (Aonidomytilus bilobis) - CALIFORNIA - Medium on Atriplex sp.
in Kettleman City, Kings County. First specimens for California Department of
Agriculture collection, but not new record, (Cal. Coop. Rpt.).

FORAGE LEGUMES

ALFALFA WEEVIL (Hypera postica) - MISSISSIPPI - Larvae per 20 stems and adults
per 10 square feet by county: Oktibbeha 1, 6; Pontotoc 1, 4; Marshall 1, 3.
(Dinkins). VIRGINIA - Samples of overwintering eggs indicate low larval popula-
tions in early spring. Overwintering adults low on the Blue Ridge and in the
Shenandoah Valley, indicating low spring populations. Overwintering adults
numerous in central area. Controls anticipated in eastern areas this spring.
Infestations may be later and lighter than in previous years. (Woodside,
Hendrick).

= 1085 =

EGYPTIAN ALFALFA WEEVIL (Hypera brunneipennis) - ARIZONA - Heavy, up to 27 first
to fifth instars per plant in 40-acre field of alfalfa on Yuma Mesa, Yuma County;
heavy in Somerton area. (Ariz. Coop. Sur., Feb. 5). CALIFORNIA - Probably this
species heavy in 40-acre field of alfalfa in Holtville, Imperial County. (Cal.
Coop. Rpt.).

CLOVER SEED WEEVIL (Miccotrogus picirostris) - MISSOURI - Collected from hop
clover at Steeleville, Crawford County, by R.E. Munson and L.R. Hanning June 18,
1968. This is a new county record. (Munson).

GREEN PEACH APHID (Myzus persicae) - CALIFORNIA - Heavy on alfalfa in Holtville,
Imperial County. (Cal. Coop. Rpt.).

PEA APHID (Acyrthosiphon psium) - NEW MEXICO - Very light in alfalfa in Chaves
and Eddy Counties. (Mathews).

PALE WESTERN CUTWORM (Agrotis orthogonia) - KANSAS - None found in wheat checked
in Barton, Stafford, Edwards, Ford, Meade, Seward, Stevens, Grant, Kearny,
Finney, Wichita, Wallace, Logan, Gove, Thomas, Sheridan, and Graham Counties.
(Simpson).

SUGARBEETS

BEET ARMYWORM (Spodoptera exigua) - ARIZONA - Larvae very light in most Salt
River Valley fields in Maricopa County. (Ariz. Coop. Sur.).

GREEN PEACH APHID (Myzus persicae) - ARIZONA - Winged adults very light in most
Salt River Valley fields in Maricopa County. (Ariz. Coop. Sur.).
MISCELLANEOUS FIELD CROPS

GREEN PEACH APHID (Myzus persicae) - ARIZONA - Building up on young safflower in
Ocotillo area, Maricopa County. (Ariz. Coop. Sur.).

DECIDUOUS FRUITS AND NUTS

WESTERN PEACH TREE BORER (Sanninoidea exitiosa graefi) - CALIFORNIA - Medium in

Bing cherry trees in San Jose, Santa Clara County. (Gall. "Coop. ‘Rpt.
WOOLLY APPLE APHID (Eriosoma lanigerum) - ALABAMA - Heavy on root systems of
1 to 3-year-old dwarf apple trees in Lee County. (Barwood),.

CITRUS

CITRUS FLAT MITE (Brevipalpus lewisi) - ARIZONA - This species and Eotetranychus
yumensis (Yuma spider mite) found in groves in Yuma area of Yuma County. Controls
recommended. (Ariz. Coop. Sur., Feb. 5).

CITRUS RED MITE (Panonychus citri) - ARIZONA - Heavy on lemon trees in groves on
Yuma Mesa, Yuma County. Controls recommended. (Ariz. Coop. Sur., Feb. 5).

COTTONY-CUSHION SCALE (Icerya purchasi) - ARIZONA - Moderate in grove at Yuma,
Yuma County. Controlled by natural buildup of Rodolia cardinalis (vedalia).
(Ariz. Coop. Sur., Feb. 5).

OW)

ORNAMENTALS

A PIT SCALE (Cerococcus deklei) - FLORIDA - All stages moderate on 2,900 hibiscus
plants at a nursery in South Miami, Dade County. (Dillon, Feb. 4). Light on
1,215 hibiscus at a nursery in Miami. (Dillon, Feb. 5).

WHITE PEACH SCALE (Pseudaulacaspis pentagona) - ALABAMA - Very heavy on Chinese
privet in Lee, Dallas, Colbert and other counties. (Leeper, Feb. 7).

A MEALYBUG (Antonina pretiosa) - CALIFORNIA - This species and Odonaspis
penicillata (an armored scale) heavy on bamboo nursery stock in San Jose, Santa
Claragcounty. | (Cali. Coop. Rpt:.))).

FOREST AND SHADE TREES

PALES WEEVIL (Hylobius pales) - ALABAMA - Adults feeding on 1 to 2-year-old
pines in 10 to l5-acre planting in northwest Chambers County. (Barwood).

SILVER-SPOTTED TIGER MOTH (Halisidota argentata) - CALIFORNIA - Larvae damaging
pine trees in Pacific Grove, Monterey County. (Cal. Coop. Rpt.).

MAN AND ANIMALS

SCREW-WORM (Cochliomyia hominivorax) - One case reported in U.S. February

9-15 as follows: TEXAS - Bee County. Total of 148 cases reported in portion of
Barrier Zone in Republic. of Mexico February 3-8 as follows: Sonora 67, Chihuahua
2, Coahuila 5, Nuevo Leon 6, Tamaulipas 68. Total of 2 cases reported in Mexico
south of Barrier Zone. Barrier Zone is area where eradication operation underway
to prevent establishment of self-sustaining population in U.S. Sterile screw-worm
flies released: Texas 2,168,000; Mexico 49,600,000. (Anim. Health Div.).

COMMON CATTLE GRUB (Hypoderma lineatum) - ALABAMA - Emergence expected in
February and March. Infestation ranged 10-15 percent in one Sumter County range
herd; grubs 4-10 per cow. Grubs ranged 2-4 per head in 2 percent of breeding
stock at Lee County sale. (Anderson). OKLAHOMA - Averaged 4 per head on cattle
in Payne County. Light in Mayes County. (Okla. Coop. Sur.). ILLINOIS - Found
105 grubs on native cattle in west-southwest district. In third to fifth instar.
GalteaelnSy pit)

MOSQUITOES - MISSISSIPPI - Culiseta inornata, Anopheles crucians, Culex salinarius,
C. restuans, C. territans, Aedes sollicitans, and A. mitchellae collected in
Hancock County. Culiseta inornata most numerous. (Dinkins). ALABAMA - Culex
pipiens quinquefasciatus (southern house mosquito) active as result of warming
trend past 15-20 days; egg laying occurred. Larvae light near homes. (Barwood).

CATTLE LICE - OKLAHOMA - Haematopinus eurysternus (sShort-nosed cattle louse)
moderate, up to 1 per hair part, on cattle in Payne and Noble Counties. Bovicola
bovis (cattle biting louse) present in Noble County. (Okla. Coop. Sur.).
MISSISSIPPI - Linognathus vituli (long-nosed cattle louse) heavy on 60 head of
beef cattle in Oktibbeha County. (Dinkins).

HOG -LOUSE (Haematopinus suis) - OKLAHOMA - Moderate on hogs in Mayes County.
(Okla. Coop. Sur.).

WINTER TICK (Dermacentor albipictus) - OKLAHOMA - Moderate to heavy on elk at
Wichita Mountains Wildlife Refuge, Comanche County. (Okla. Coop. Sur.).

- 110 -

HOUSEHOLDS AND STRUCTURES

EUROPEAN EARWIG (Forficula auricularia) - MICHIGAN - Found in Ishpeming, Marquette
County. (Janes). ThiS iS a new county record. (PPC).

STORED PRODUCTS

RICE WEEVIL (Sitophilus oryzae) - CALIFORNIA - This weevil, Tribolium castaneum
(red flour beetle), and Rhyzopertha dominica (lesser grain borer) heavy in stored
grain in Bakersfield, Kern County. (Cal. Coop. Rpt.).

A DERMESTID BEETLE (Trogoderma parabile) - CALIFORNIA - Larvae heavy in tomato
and barley seed in Brawley, Imperial County. (Cal. Coop. Rpt.).

CONFUSED FLOUR BEETLE (Tribolium confusum) - NEW MEXICO - This species and
Oryzaephilus surinamensis (Saw-toothed grain beetle) light in stored grain
products and feeds in Hidalgo County. (Hare).

BENEFICIAL INSECTS

A DAMSEL BUG (Nabis ferus) - ARIZONA - This and Chrysopa spp. (green lacewings)
averaged 10 per 100 sweeps on alfalfa in Salt River Valley. (Ariz. Coop. Sur.).

FEDERAL AND STATE PLANT PROTECTION PROGRAMS

IMPORTED FIRE ANT (Solenopsis saevissima richteri) - ALABAMA - Winged forms in
all mounds in central and southern areaS. Males observed in flight past 15 days.
(Andrews, Barwood).

HAWAII INSECT REPORT

General Vegetables - CARMINE SPIDER MITE (Tetranychus cinnabarinus) buildup on
Snap beans and eggplants at Waianae, Oahu; Severe in many snap bean fields. Light
on snap beans at Waimanalo. (Nakao, Funasaki). SWEETPOTATO VINE BORER (Omphisa
anastomosalis) larvae heavy, damage severe to 3-month-old sweetpotato vines in
2.7o-acre field at Waimanalo, Oahu. (Sato, Funasaki). GREEN PEACH APHID (Myzus
persicae) severe on eggplant at Punaluu, Oahu. Rains hampered sprays. Many
adults parasitized by a braconid. (Funasaki). BEAN FLY (Melanagromyza phaseoli)
larvae medium, damaged 25 percent of snap bean seedlings at Pukalani, Maui.
Negligible to trace in most snap bean fields on Oahu; medium, caused stunting of
one-month-old plants in field at Waimanalo. (Miyahira, Funasaki). IMPORTED
CABBAGEWORM (Pieris rapae) eggs and adults light on head cabbage at Pulehu,

Maui. All stages light on head cabbage at Kaaawa and Kipapa, on broccoli at
Pupukea, on mustard cabbage at Waimanalo and Waianae, Oahu. (Miyahira et al.).
ONION THRIPS (Thrips tabaci) adults light on onions at Pulehu and Omapio, Maui.
(Miyahira).

Beneficial Insects - SOUTH AFRICAN EMEX WEEVIL (Apion antiquum) larvae and adults
Tight on young emex plants at Pulehu and Omapio, Maui. (Miyahira).

Miscellaneous Insects - Nymphs and adults of a RHOPALID BUG (Jadera haematoloma)
remain light to moderate on balloonvine on southwest and west Oahu. (Nakao).
Nymphs and adults of a GRASSHOPPER (Oedaleus abruptus) light and reinfesting 30
percent of previously treated areas at Hickam Air Force Base, Honolulu, Oahu.
(Olson).

Si ilatdl!

INSECT DETECTION
New County Records

NORTHERN CORN ROOTWORM (Diabrotica longicornis) - MARYLAND - Collected in black-
light trap at Friendship Airport, Anne Arundel County, August 14, 1968. Deter-
mined by J.L. Hellman. This is a new county record. (U. Md., Ent. Dept.).

CLOVER SEED WEEVIL (Miccotrogus picirostris) - MISSOURI - Crawford County.
(p. 108).

EUROPEAN EARWIG (Forficula auricularia) - MICHIGAN - Marquette County. (p. 110).

CORRECTIONS

CEIR 19(5):66 - Distribution of Old-house Borer - As record for Wisconsin is in
error it should be deleted.

CEIR 19(7):101 - IMPORTED FIRE ANT (Solenopsis saevissima richteri) - Third line
from bottom of paragraph should read ... 604 thousand in Louisiana, ...

LIGHT TRAP COLLECTIONS

FLORIDA - Gainesville - 2/7-13, BL - Armyworm (Pseudaletia unipuncta) 1, black
cutworm (Agrotis ipsilon) 2, granulate cutworm (Feltia sSubterranea) 5) "9/9- is},
BL - Armyworm 3, black cutworm 83) granulate wcutwormpes. mall mn lle

WEATHER OF THE WEEK ENDING FEBRUARY 17

HIGHLIGHTS: A warming trend occurred over the West and a cooling trend over the
East. A wide variety of severe weather occurred from the central and southern
Great Plains to the southern Appalachians.

PRECIPITATION: One of the fiercest storms in a decade tapered off Monday after-
noon, February 10, after leaving 1-2 feet of snow over parts of the Northeast.

A less intense storm produced light snow over Michigan and nearby States in the
first part of the week. A Pacific storm dumped heavy rain along the coast and in
some of the interior valleys with heavy snow in the Cascades and northern Sierras
with light snow flurries across the northern States to the western Great Plains.
Shortly after midweek, warm moist air from the western end of the Gulf of Mexico
spread northward into a low pressure area in the West producing generous rain over
southern Texas, freezing rain and snow from northern Texas to Kansas, and heavy
snow in the central and southern Rocky Mountains. The snow moved eastward late
Thursday to Nebraska, Kansas, Iowa, and northern Missouri. By Friday showers and
thunderstorms occurred over much of the Southeast while snow continued in the
northern Great Plains, spreading to the Dakotas and western Minnesota. Snow
continued in the northern and central Great Plains over the weekend with
accumulations in central Nebraska and central Kansas ranging up to 14 inches in
some places. Snow depths at the end of the week ranged 2-4 feet in eastern

South Dakota and west-central Minnesota. Freezing rain fell from north-central
Texas to Georgia while moderate to heavy snow fell from Kansas to the southern
Appalachians. By Sunday morning snow depths reached 8 inches or more in spots

in Kansas, southern Missouri, northern Arkansas, Kentucky, and western North
Carolina. Freezing rain occurred in the Piedmont in the Carolinas.

TEMPERATURE: A warming trend brought temperature above normal over most of the
West. Most of Wyoming averaged 6°-9° above normal after a relatively cold week.
Northerly winds brought lower temperatures to most of the East with large areas
in the Southeast averaging 6° to 10° cooler than normal. A vigorous cold front
dropped the temperatures sharply in Texas ending a mild spell in that State.
(Summary supplied by Environmental Data Service, ESSA.)

POPULATIONS OF THE NORTHERN CORN ROOTWORM, Diabrotica longicornis (Say)

The northern corn rootworm is a serious pest of growing corn in many areas. The
most important damage is caused by the narrow, elongate, whitish larva which
feeds in or on the surface of the roots, thus weakening the root support and
reducing the vigor of the plant. Larvae feed on roots from early June through
August, but the most important damage occurs from mid-June until mid-July. As
far as is known, the larvae feed on corn roots only, and if corn is not present
when the larvae hatch they will die. The adult, about one-fourth inch in length,
is a dull greenish or dull yellowish beetle. It feeds on corn silks and pollen,
or often leaves cornfields and feeds on pollen of various plants such as alfalfa,
sweetclover, milo, and weeds. The beetles Sometimes congregate and feed on fresh
corn silks, resulting in ears with few kernels. Eggs of this beetle are deposited
in the soil throughout the summer until frost; one female may deposit about 300
eggs. The egg is the overwintering stage.

This species in the United States consists of three separate populations distin-
guishable as adults by the color differences and distribution given below. The
western population, Diabrotica longicornis longicornis (Say), ranges from North
Dakota south to TexaS and to Arizona (See map). The midwestern population, D.
longicornis barberi Smith and Lawrence, is found from the Plains States to Eastern
United States. The color of the appendages of this population is lighter than
that of the other two. The eastern population of D. longicornis (not yet given a
name) is found from northern Georgia northeast to New England. This population
is similar in color to D. 1. longicornis, Specimens collected from areas in
which two populations overlap are often difficult to name with certainty. An
approximation of the distribution of the three populations is given on the map;
the collection records are from Specimens in the U. S. National Museum,

Key to Populations of Diabrotica longicornis
1. Tibiae, tarsi, antennae, and clypeus light or but slightly darker
than rest of body; South Dakota to Kansas east to Tennessee
AMF OHNO Ne cre lerelieuer elle sfeielfenenelevereietehercifes eleleieieweyoreieloieiverans longicornis barberi
Tibiae, tarsi, antennae (except basal segments), and clypeus
brownish to black; Plains States to Texas and Arizona, or
Northeastern wS Laces: usc srersie)onosenetonelarcieleusdchelesewonohioreNoaekck owen lens eV hh tk
2. Occurring west of the Mississippi River; often with head black
and elytra) sitripediys. «cc. Hele se citie cere oe Long iconnis jlonpacornals
Occurring east of the Mississippi River; head never black, elytra

NEVE USUM LP OA creyere: jeune enever suerte) s ...longicornis, eastern population

Illustration and map on following page.

= 112° -

A wes
li R.White y

Diabrotica longicornis
barberi Smith & Lawrence

(small figure actual size)

— 3) =

DISTRIBUTION OF POPULATIONS

|. longicornis (Say)
.| barberi S.& L.
al

°=D 1, eastern population -

Richard E. White
Systematic Ent. Lab.
USDA, ARS
Washington, D.C.

U.S. Dept. Agr.
Coop. Econ. Ins. Rpt.
19(8) :112-113, 1969

- 114 -

SUMMARY OF INSECT CONDITIONS IN THE UNITED STATES - 1968
(continued from page 104)

SPECIAL INSECTS OF REGIONAL SIGNIFICANCE
Highlights:

GREENBUG occurred in outbreak proportions in several Midwest and Southwest States
during 1968. Over one million acres of sorghum were heavily damaged in Kansas
with the total loss placed at about $12,000,000. The loss in Nebraska was about
$3,500,000 and approximately 3 million acres were involved in the outbreak on the
High Plains of Texas. This aphid also damaged small grains in Several States.
Greenbug was found for the first time in Nevada during 1968. CORN LEAF APHID
populations were heavier in Illinois than in 1967 but not as severe as in 1966.
This aphid was heavy in several other States with some damage reported, A
SPOTTED ALFALFA APHID outbreak developed on alfalfa in west-central Utah in mid-
July where damage was greater than in 1967 but less than in 1966. Some damage
was reported in other States. POTATO LEAFHOPPER damaged soybeans statewide in
Maryland and alfalfa in highland areas of Virginia. Populations were higher than
normal in Minnesota but damage was low. BEET LEAFHOPPER was severe in some
isolated sugarbeet areas of California and killed tomatoes in southern Utah,

This pest caused some local problems in western Idaho, ARMYWORM adult flights
early in the season in Indiana were the heaviest in 5 years. CORN EARWORM caused
serious damage to Sweet corn in northeastern Oregon and was Severe on corn state-
wide in California. Population buildup in corn was heavy in eastern and southern
Nebraska in August, and much heavier in Kansas than last year, Corn earworm was
the major pest of soybeans in Arkansas and southern Alabama and a serious pest of
tobacco in Alabama. TOBACCO BUDWORM was a major pest of tobacco in Florida and
Alabama. ARMY CUTWORM populations were the heaviest and most widespread in
Nevada since 1961 and damaged several crops in Idaho, This pest was economic on
wheat and alfalfa in northeastern Wyoming and damaged small grains in Texas and
wheat in northwestern Kansas and southwestern Nebraska.

GREENBUG (Schizaphis graminum) was severe on sorghum in Colusa, Glenn, Tulare,
Fresno, and Imperial Counties, CALIFORNIA. Late in the season it infested barley
in Fresno County. In Nye County, NEVADA, one alate was collected on corn in June
1968 and reported as a new State record in 1969; one apterous specimen was col-
lected from sorghum in November, and light numbers developed on barley in October
in the same county. Heavy numbers developed on barley in Clark County; this was
a new county record. This pest occurred in outbreak numbers on 800 acres of
sorghum in Washington County, UTAH. Small grain was lightly infested. Numbers
in ARIZONA ranged light to heavy on sorghum in Cochise County during August and
September. Injury was Severe in many fields; controls were applied. Counts
ranged from zero to over 2,000 per row foot on wheat in Curry and Roosevelt
Counties, NEW MEXICO, during early spring. Numbers were especially heavy at the
Rogers and Causey area, Roosevelt County. This aphid damaged approximately
250,000 acres of grain sorghum in the State. Yield losses ranged from less than
100 to over 2,000 pounds per acre. A major outbreak occurred in eastern COLORADO
in late July and early August. Losses were very light in the northeastern area,
but ranged moderate to heavy in the Arkansas Valley. Extensive controls were
applied in the Arkansas Valley and as far north as southern Yuma County. The
greenbug moved into and killed wheat emerging before September 1. After that
date, populations remained light on emerging wheat in the Arkansas Valley.
Numbers in WYOMING were low during spring with no damage to wheat. Parasites and
predators were heavy.

Greenbug was the major economic insect on sorghum and related crops in SOUTH
DAKOTA in 1968. In the first week of August damage was noted on sorghum, Sudan,
and sorghum-Sudan crosses in one east-central and 3 southeastern counties. From
4,500 to 5,000 aphids per plant infested some sorghum, Predators were light.
During the last week of August, populations were economic on sorghum in areas of

- 115 -

1 northeastern and 2 south-central counties. Controls were applied. In mid-
October greenbug killed several acres of winter wheat in eastern Haakon County.
Later in the month, the pest increased in eastern Meade and Haakon Counties, but
remained noneconomic, It increased to economic levels in eastern Pennington County.
where over 900 acres of wheat were treated. By the end of the first week of
November, economic numbers and severe damage had been reported from 2 west-central
and 6 central South Dakota counties. Aerial sprays continued through most of
November. Winter loss of untreated wheat may total several thousand acres, If
the 1968 trend of infestations continues into 1969, damaging numbers are likely
on sorghum and small grains in summer and fall of 1969. Migrants entered
MINNESOTA in early April; numbers were moderate with no observed damage to field
crops. Numbers in IOWA remained low on wheat in the spring. Damage was minor on
small grains and also on sorghum in localized southwestern and western areas,
Light numbers were present in the spring and fall on early planted wheat in
MISSOURI. A few fall wheat fields were treated in the northwestern area where
greenbug had infested sorghum during summer, In south-central NEBRASKA over-
wintering greenbugs were not detected early in the year on wheat which had been
heavily infested in the fall of 1967. On May 20 the first damage to seedling
sorghum was reported. During the period July 12-26 increase was heavy on most
sorghum; 2,000-3,500 per leaf were reported. Damage to grain sorghum was esti-
mated at $3,500,000 in Nebraska, In August numbers declined sharply in the east-
ern area and had nearly disappeared in the southwestern and panhandle areas,

This decline was due mostly to parasites and predators. In August and September
some rye was damaged in central Nebraska. In late September greenbug was first
observed on winter wheat in the southeastern area; some controls were needed in
the northwestern panhandle on winter wheat and on small grains in the northern
panhandle. Heavy numbers were found in northeastern KANSAS in mid-July on sor-
ghum and in most western areas within 2 weeks, The southeastern area and a north
to south strip through the center of the State escaped severe damage. Over one
million acres were Severely infested and 600,000 acres were treated. Total sor-
ghum loss was placed at about $12,000,000. By late August parasites and preda-
tors reduced populations in most areas to trace amounts. Light numbers in most
wheatfields during fall did not reach economic levels,

Greenbug increased on wheat during March and the first half of April over most of
OKLAHOMA. The highest numbers (200-500 per row foot) occurred in the southwestern
and panhandle districts and in scattered areas of the northwestern, west-central,
and north-central districts. In late July greenbug was first noted on sorghum

in the southwestern and south-central areas. During August up to 1,500 per leaf
infested broomcorn and killed sorghum in south-central, southwestern, west-
central, northwestern, and panhandle areas, Parasites and predators were mainly
responsible for decreases. In early November and in mid-December occasional
wheatfields in southwestern, northwestern, and north-central areas carried 50-80
per foot. In most areas of TEXAS cold weather reduced greenbug activity on small
grains during early January. During late March moderate to heavy numbers were
noted in some Rolling Plains counties. Up to 2,000 per foot infested small grains
in Foard, Hale, and Hemphill Counties. Some counties in the panhandle had to
apply controls. This pest was heaviest on small grains in areas of Armstrong and
Carson Counties. The first economic buildup of greenbug on grain sorghum in

Texas involved approximately 3 million acres on the High Plains during July and
August, About half of this acreage was Sprayed. Greenbug was economic in only

a few grain fields in ARKANSAS. Numbers were generally light and parasitism was
heavy. In ALABAMA greenbug damaged small grains mainly in Mobile and Baldwin
Counties,

CORN LEAF APHID (Rhopalosiphum maidis) was heavy throughout ALABAMA, especially

in the northwestern area; maize dwarf mosaic virus also appeared throughout the
northwestern area. Numbers in ARKANSAS on corn and sorghum were lighter in 1968
than in 1967. This pest was heavy on sorghum, corn, and broomcorn in north-
eastern OKLAHOMA during late June and July and in the southwestern and panhandle
areas during August. Not until early November did heavy numbers infest small
grains in a few northwestern and west-central counties. Heavy numbers in southern
and south-central TEXAS damaged corn and grain sorghum during mid-April and May;
some fields had to be replanted.

- 116 -

Corn leaf aphid was light on barley in the Pecos Valley of New Mexico in January
and February and did not appear on corn and grain sorghum until summer, Infes-
tations in ARIZONA ranged moderate to heavy on sorghum in Cochise, Graham, and
Yuma Counties from May through October; many fields required treatments.

Numbers were heavy on barley from mid-March through April in Yuma County and
during mid-May on barley in the boot stage at Kansas Settlement, Cochise County.
Damage waS heavy in various CALIFORNIA locations on barley and oats. Controls

in NEVADA were required in Pershing County in June. In October light to medium
populations developed on barley in Clark County and were heavy in southern Nye
County. In UTAH corn leaf aphid was heavier than greenbug on 800 acres of barley
in Washington County. Infestations of spring barley were noticeable in several
counties. Several thousand acres of barley in Millard County were aerially
sprayed, Corn in eastern COLORADO required controls, In WYOMING corn leaf aphid
was moderate on about 20 percent of the corn in the southeastern area, but light
elsewhere. This aphid was first noted on July 30 but began to decline about mid-
August. Parasites and predators held it in check,

Corn leaf aphid was common on corn and sorghum in some fields in southeastern
SOUTH DAKOTA the last week of July. Predators were present in all fields and
kept populations in check. The buildup on sorghum in NEBRASKA began in mid-June
in the eastern district and peaked in the second week of July. Some damage
occurred and then populations declined, On corn numbers peaked and declined in
the last half of July with little damage. On winter wheat populations of
Rhopalosiphum maidis and R, fitchii (apple grain aphid) up to 350 per row foot in
September and October caused little damage; R. fitchii was predominant. In
KANSAS corn leaf aphid was heavy on corn and sorghum in late June and early July
with some damage to young plants. In central IOWA it was active in some barley
without causing damage. Populations in ILLINOIS were much higher than in 1967
but not aS severe aS in 1966. During the last of July and first of August, the
State average rating was 3 (1 is no aphids; 10, heavily infested); the central
district had the highest rating with 5. Adequate rainfall prevented severe
damage in most areas. A survey of 22 severely infested fields revealed 8 percent
of plants heavily infested, 8 percent moderate, 33 percent light,and 51 percent
clean, The first corn leaf aphid adults in WISCONSIN were noted on sweet corn by
July 5. Colonies of 500 or more per plant were rare. Weather, lady beetles,
Ssyrphid flies, and Orius insidiosus (a flower bug) controlled this pest. - Corn
leaf aphid increased noticeably where controls had been applied for Ostrinia

nubilalis (European corn borer). The early appearance of Empusa fungus kept corn
leaf aphid populations in MICHIGAN below the levels of 1967. This aphid was the

major corn pest in INDIANA for the second straight year. While remaining light
throughout the season in the southern districts, numbers built up in the central
and northern districts in mid-July. By early August all corn that had not
tasselled was 100 percent infested. Infestations in the northern half of the
State were light on 43 percent of the corn, moderate on 10 percent, and heavy on
6 percent. Statewide, there was a 27 percent reduction in total infestations
compared with 1967. Corn leaf aphid increased rapidly on corn and sorghum in
OHIO from mid-July into August, but numbers on corn were not significant and few
infestations were reported.

Corn leaf aphid ranged light to heavy in VIRGINIA during July and August, but
damage was light in most areas. The first significant buildup on corn in MARYLAND
occurred during mid-July. By early August this aphid had infested 20-100 percent
of most fields, Some fields on the lower Eastern Shore required controls, but
numbers generally ranged light to moderate, Warm, humid weather during late July
in PENNSYLVANIA favored an injurious buildup in a few cornfields, especially in
the eastern half of the State. Heavy numbers infested 20-50 percent of the

stalks in many fields. In NEW HAMPSHIRE moderate to heavy numbers infested field
and sweet corn from late July; sooty fungus infected husks.

SPOTTED ALFALFA APHID (Therioaphis maculata) was not found until mid-September in
OREGON when counts in alfalfa ranged up to 50 per sweep. No damage was evident.
Populations in CALIFORNIA also built up late in the year but were lower than
normal, -Although light in southern NEVADA, this aphid required controls in

- 117 -

southern Nye County in March. High numbers in ARIZONA infested several fields of
alfalfa in Yuma County in March, July, August, November, and December. From
October to December alfalfa was badly damaged in the Mesa and Perryville areas in
the Salt River Valley. An outbreak on alfalfa developed in UTAH north of Deita
on about July 20 and spread rapidly throughout western Millard County; damage was
greater than in 1967 but less than in the outbreak of 1966 when control was diffi-
cult, Otherwise, the infestation was light statewide, Activity in IDAHO was
observed on seedling alfalfa in a field near Parma County, October 2; counts of
1-2 per true leaf had killed 10 percent and severely weakened 40 percent of the
plants. In WYOMING spotted alfalfa aphid was collected in Big Horn County for

a new county record, The highest counts, 150 per 100 sweeps, were noted in
Goshen County. Populations ranged light to moderate in the Arkansas Valley of
COLORADO.

Spotted alfalfa aphid was light to heavy on alfalfa in Foard and Ward Counties,
TEXAS. Counts ranged light to medium over most of OKLAHOMA from late March
through November. Over 200 per 10 sweeps were reported from the southwestern
area in mid-April and early August, the west-central area in mid-August, the
central area in late August, and the north-central area in mid-November. The
buildup in ARKANSAS began in early February. Highest counts reached 500 in 100
sweeps from July to October. Populations declined in October. Few infestations
were economic.

Spotted alfalfa aphid remained low on alfalfa in KANSAS throughout summer and fall
with little damage. In NEBRASKA the pest first appeared April 19 in Otoe County.
In late August counts reached 880 per square foot in some alfalfa, Seedling
alfalfa was seriously injured in Dawson County. By mid-September numbers
declined, The first damaging populations in SOUTH DAKOTA occurred east of
Yankton, Yankton County, in mid-August. During the first week of October 150-200
aphids per 100 sweeps infested small areas of green alfalfa 7-9 inches high east
of Spearfish, Lawrence County. Day, Grant, Roberts, Edmunds, Hyde, and Faulk
Counties were reported as new county records in mid-September. This aphid was
not collected in IOWA in 1968. No buildups occurred in INDIANA, reflecting the
abundant moisture present throughout the growing season, In VIRGINIA spotted
alfalfa aphid was damaging in only a few widely scattered fields of alfalfa.

POTATO LEAFHOPPER (Empoasca fabae) adults infested potatoes in RHODE ISLAND by
August 26. In PENNSYLVANIA the damaging numbers of 1967 did not develop on
forage. Most damage occurred in the western area during summer. This leafhopper
was present on lima beans in DELAWARE during June and was abundant in most areas by
July and August. The buildup on alfalfa in MARYLAND began the second week of
July and rapidly peaked the first week of August. Peaks ranged 7-30 per sweep on
the Eastern Shore and 4-75 per sweep in the central area, Statewide, populations
ranged light to moderate, Several hundred acres of alfalfa showed typical
"hopperburn" or yellowing. This leafhopper caused moderate to heavy damage to
150 acres of snap beans and to soybeans statewide. Light numbers infested
potatoes and occasionally yellowed forage severely in the highlands of VIRGINIA.

Potato leafhopper was migrating into OHIO in mid-May. By late July yellowing of
second-growth alfalfa was evident statewide. Counts ranged up to 52 per sweep,
but generally averaged 10 or less. Through July and into August adequate rains
apparently prevented much of the widespread damage of 1967. Populations on
alfalfa in INDIANA were relatively high throughout the season, Growing conditions
prevented yellowing of alfalfa except in the south-central district during mid-
June. Counts reached highs of 1-8 per sweep during mid-May, 3-23 per sweep

during late June, and 3-29 per sweep during early August statewide. Problems on
forage in MICHIGAN did not warrant extensive controls. Adults of potato leaf-
hopper increased on alfalfa and potatoes about June 28 in WISCONSIN. In the first
half of July nymphs appeared on potatoes and alfalfa, and adults became apparent
on Snap and lima beans. Numbers rarely exceeded 10 per sweep. In October, 25

per sweep was common in some alfalfa in southern Wisconsin. Migrants entered
MINNESOTA earlier than normal and were found in the Southeastern district on

April 30. Numbers throughout the season were higher than normal, but little

- 118 -

damage was noted on potatoes or alfalfa. In southern ILLINOIS potato leafhopper
was first found the week of May 3, Lower than normal, counts ranged from less
than 100 to a maximum of 1,200 per sweep; the State average was 313 per 100
sweeps. Numbers built up in June with no severe damage. Throughout MISSOURI,
populations of this leafhopper were moderate to high (10-90 per 10 sweeps) on
alfalfa. Infestations were reported in late June and during July. Damage could
be found over most of Missouri.

BEET LEAFHOPPER (Circulifer tenellus) controls were applied in spring, fall, and
winter to rangelands and RusSian-thistle stands in CALIFORNIA. It was very
severe in a few isolated sugarbeet areas; many fields required treatment. Curly
top virus was very low and sugar content above average. In San Diego County

beet leafhopper damaged cucumbers and squash, Virus infection in tomatoes and
melons was less than 1 percent. Beet leafhopper was heavy in many fields at

Casa Grande in Pinal County, ARIZONA, in mid-June and ranged moderate to heavy in
Cochise County from late June through mid-July and in mid-October. In UTAH
numbers and curly top damage on sugarbeets ranged light to moderate. In the
southern area this pest and the virus killed 20-90 percent of the tomatoes and
reduced yields of table beets, Spinach, cucumbers, and beans, Losses due to this
leafhopper ranged light to moderate on sugarbeets on the Western Slope of
COLORADO. In WYOMING curly top damage on beets was light. Weed host areas in
the Worland Valley of Big Horn and Washakie Counties carried 0.35 leafhoppers per
square foot April 9-10, Approximately 6,800 acres of wasteland were treated,

On May 9, weed hosts carried 0.09 per square foot, In central IDAHO overwinter-
ing adults averaged 42 per 100 samples (22 per 100 samples in 1967) in range
breeding areas during March and April. Movement in the western area caused some
localized trouble. On April 27 the first adults of the season were observed in
the Saylor Creek and Shoshone Falls area, but they may have been blown in,

Because of a dry April, hatching was rapid in spite of intermittent freezing
temperatures, Prior to treatment, nymphs ranged 35-60 per square foot and more
were appearing. On May 17 spraying was initiated on 13,500 acres of rangeland in
Idaho, The initial movement of beet leafhopper from rangeland had started by

May 19.

ASTER LEAFHOPPER (Macrosteles fascifrons) infested celery in San Luis Obispo
County, CALIFORNIA. Losses on lettuce were light in COLORADO except in Pueblo
County where losses ranged moderate to heavy due to aster yellows virus. Numbers
in IOWA were not economic on forage legumes. Migrants entered MINNESOTA in early
April. Moderate numbers caused no observed damage to field crops. Aster yellows
was at a low level during the season in flax and potatoes. Aster leafhopper
entered WISCONSIN by April 19 when up to 5 per 100 sweeps were detected on rye in
Sauk, Trempealeau, and Marquette Counties. Late in May, 3-6 per 100 Sweeps were
common in oats; late in June, 10 per 100 sweeps was average. In mid-June aster
yellows became apparent in lettuce. Routine controls minimized virus problems in
Wisconsin,

POTATO PSYLLID (Paratrioza cockerelli) was mostly a greenhouse pest of potatoes
in CALIFORNIA, with a few infestations in San Diego County pepper fields. Low
numbers infested potatoes and tomatoes in UTAH and caused light to moderate
losses to potatoes in COLORADO. Most potatoes in WYOMING which were treated at
planting time with systemic insecticides and with timely applications of contact
insecticides showed only slight damage from psyllid yellows disease. Adults were
first found on Lycium sp. June 24 in Goshen County.

ARMYWORM (Pseudaletia unipuncta) recurred as a lawn pest in CALIFORNIA. Larvae
caused damage in TEXAS. In OKLAHOMA damage on wheat was heavy during late May in
Cotton County. Numbers on small grains were lighter in ARKANSAS in 1968 than in
1967. A few fields were treated in the northeastern area where counts up to 10
per square foot occurred in late May. In TENNESSEE larvae ranged 15-20 per square
foot on small grains in 4 far western counties during early May. Armyworm was

not a problem in KANSAS, In southeastern MISSOURI most heavy infestations
occurred in dense stands of wheat and barley. Adults in light traps in IOWA were
light throughout the season. In MINNESOTA economic numbers of 5 or more larvae

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per row foot infested a limited area of 5 south-westcentral counties in July.
Barley, especially lodged fields, had the highest counts; wheat, oats, rye, and
corn were also damaged. Some spraying was needed in all infested counties.
Rapidly maturing small grain made controls impractical, Adults appeared in
blacklight traps by May 1 in Dane and WausShara Counties, WISCONSIN, Flights were
constant until late July when a mild peak occurred. Damage to corn and oats was
minor, Numbers were relatively low in ILLINOIS, but were highest in the south-
western district. Larvae averaged 2.4 per foot in thick stands of wheat in one
county. High temperatures and parasites controlled migrations to a few grassy
cornfields. In INDIANA the early season flight was the heaviest in 5 years.
Flights peaked May 1-7 when 1,301 moths were caught in a blacklight trap in
Gibson County. Very cool, moist conditions during May produced lush grass and
inhibited armyworm development. Moths appeared April 28 in southern MICHIGAN.
By May 14-15, warm temperatures produced counts of 178 adults; however, larval
outbreaks were relatively light. Generally, problems in wheat and other cereal
crops were less than in the past 2-3 years, Weekly counts in late June and mid-
July averaged about 150 per light trap. Adults were still active in early
November, Armyworm was severe in many locations of the VIRGINIA highlands,
mainly on sod-planted corn. Numbers in MARYLAND were well below normal on small
grains and corn. Very little treatment was made.

CORN EARWORM (Heliothis zea) moths were about twice as numerous as in 1967 in the
Wapato area of Yakima County, WASHINGTON; one light trap averaged 191 moths per
night from July 30 to August 5. Damage in OREGON was serious on sweet corn in
Umatilla County. In early June larvae destroyed tassels and leaves of young
corn, Larvae damaged more than the usual amount of ears later in the season, In
CALIFORNIA larvae were severe on corn statewide from May through December. Wide-
Spread on many vegetables, larvae damaged field beans and lima beans in San Diego
County. Larvae were light on corn during June and moderate on corn and sorghum
during August in Graham County, ARIZONA. In late June a cornfield was 20 percent
infested at Yuma, Yuma County. In early October larvae were heavy on field corn
at Chino Valley, Yavapai County. Larvae were light to moderate on canning,
market, and garden corn in the central and northern areas of UTAH and heavier in
the southern area. In eastern COLORADO larvae of H. zea and Diabrotica virgifera
(western corn rootworm) ranged moderate to heavy on corn; loss waS moderate,
Larvae infested nearly all ears of early sweet corn in Canyon County, IDAHO,
Larvae were damaging in Custer County and were reported in Yellowstone and
Rosebud Counties, MONTANA,

In Cass County, NORTH DAKOTA, one corn earworm per plant damaged about half of
the sweet corn plants. Ina field near Yankton, Yankton County, SOUTH DAKOTA,
larvae infested 2 percent of the corn ears. Low counts on field corn in
MINNESOTA were found after late July. Canning companies had spotty problems in
August and September in some sweet corn fields. Adults were first detected in
WISCONSIN at Arlington, Columbia County, August 16. Flight was heavy in the
Sweet corn growing area during mid-August. Larvae of H. zea and Ostrinia
nubilalis (European corn borer) were numerous in sweet corn ears in early
September and controls were intensified, Flights into southern MICHIGAN were
nearly normal. On August 21 and 22, the first moths were detected in Lenawee
County. About a month later, 327 adults were collected at the Berrien County
blacklight trap in a single night. Controls were adequate. Populations on field
corn remained light in INDIANA, Infestation averaged 4.56 percent for the State,
a Slight increase over 1967. Corn in the southern quarter of the State had an
average infestation of 14 percent and a yield loss of 1 percent. Numbers in
central and southern ILLINOIS were very light on sweet corn but were moderate in
the processing corn area of the northeastern section. Numbers over most of IOWA
remained low and damage remained light in western areas,

Corn earworm was apparent in corn whorls and alfalfa in eastern and southeastern
NEBRASKA from mid-June to mid-July. A heavy buildup in August infested 10-80
percent of the ears in these areas. Moderate numbers infested 10-35 percent of
the corn in the central and southern districts. Corn earworm was light in less
than 1 percent of the corn in the panhandle counties of Nebraska. This pest was

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much heavier in corn in KANSAS during 1968 than during 1964 and 1967. Larvae
were heavy on most corn and many sorghum fields in the east-central and south-
eastern districts. Corn earworm ranged moderate to heavy on corn over most of
OKLAHOMA from mid-June to early October. In late August counts as high as 10 per
ear were found in Craig County. In early September up to 5 per grain sorghum
head occurred in occasional fields in the northwestern and north-central areas.
Numbers were generally light on soybeans and peanuts. Damage was economic on
corn and grain sorghum in TEXAS. This major pest of soybeans in ARKANSAS was
light compared with some years; relatively few fields were treated. Damage to
sorghum heads and sunflowers was not economic, In ALABAMA the first generation
infested mostly crimson clover and vetch. Larvae were widespread and damaging
to pretassel corn and sorghum and to ear corn in the milk and dough stages.

Corn and grain sorghum supported the generations which produced damaging numbers
on peanuts, soybeans, cotton, tomatoes, and other crops. Corn earworm was a
major pest of soybeans in southern Alabama, but less so in central and northern

areas. Damage was less than in 1966 but about the same as in 1967. Mixed
populations of Heliothis zea and H. virescens (tobacco budworm) were the most
serious tobacco pests; only intensive controls were successful in Alabama. In

FLORIDA larvae of H. zea and mostly Spodoptera exigua (fall armyworm) threatened
corn throughout the year in the Everglades area, Palm Beach County. During May
and early June, 90 percent of ears of untreated sweet corn in Seminole County
were free of H. zea. Infestation was lower than in past years. Corn earworm was
heavy in fall corn,

Corn earworm infested half of the treated sweet corn ears on the Eastern Shore of
VIRGINIA during late August and early September. Larvae ranged light to medium
on field corn statewide. Numbers were generally light throughout the soybean
belt with a few locally severe pockets. Larvae appeared late in MARYLAND. The
first flight was recorded at Centreville, Queen Annes County, on August 15.
Damage to corn was below normal with only light infestations on the Eastern

Shore and in the central counties. Corn earworm was moderate on corn in RHODE
ISLAND and below average in NEW HAMPSHIRE.

TOBACCO BUDWORM (Heliothis virescens) was the major pest on flue-cured and cigar-—
wrapper tobacco in FLORIDA. Numbers on cigar-wrapper tobacco were lighter than
in 1967. Damage ranged moderate to heavy on both types. H. virescens accounted
for 5.6 percent of the $1,488,340 insect loss of flue-cured tobacco and for 3.4
percent of the $784,686 insect loss on cigar-wrapper tobacco, In ALABAMA mixed
populations of H. virescens and H. zea (corn earworm) were the most serious
tobacco pests; only intenSive controls were effective. Damaging numbers of both
species also infested crimson clover, vetch, peanuts, and soybeans, These crops
produced the damaging populations which moved to cotton, corn, sorghum, field
peas, and snap beans,

ARMY CUTWORM (Chorizagrotis auxiliaris) damage in NEVADA was heavy on alfalfa in
Lincoln County in April and heavy on alfalfa, lawns, and in vegetable gardens in
Humboldt and Washoe Counties in May. Larvae were annoying in buildings in some
areas in April and May. Numbers were the heaviest and most widespread since 1961,
Damage in UTAH was generally light on small grains and scattered in pastures and
range forage. During spring, damage was severe on several thousand acres of
alfalfa in Wayne County, but was light to moderate elsewhere. This pest was
general throughout IDAHO. Up to 24 per square foot infested 100,000 acres of
rangeland in Lincoln, Blaine, and Minidoka Counties. Up to 12,000 heavily
infested acres required control. Alfalfa, clover, mint, sugarbeets, turnips, and
other crops were damaged. Damage was observed in Some areas aS late as June 20.
Army cutworm was abundant in MONTANA east of the Continental Divide, Winter
wheat was the major host, but alfalfa, gardens, corn, and beets were also
infested, This cutworm was economic on wheat and alfalfa in 2 northeastern
WYOMING counties. Spotty infestations on alfalfa in Washakie, Park, Fremont, and
Laramie Counties caused some losses. Larvae per square foot averaged 3-4 on
wheat and 5-7 on alfalfa in the most heavily infested fields, Adults became
numerous/;in the eastern area about mid-June and were annoying in homes and build-
ings until the end of June. Army cutworm and Agrotis orthogonia (pale western

- 121 -

cutworm) larvae ranged up to 25-30 per foot in some fields in eastern COLORADO,
Losses were very high; some fields were replanted, Army cutworm damaged small
grains in TEXAS. Infestations on wheat in OKLAHOMA were scattered in the north-
western, west-central, central, and north-central areas from early February to
mid-April. Damage was light in most cases, Larvae damaged wheat extensively in
the western two-thirds of KANSAS. The heaviest and most extensive infestations
occurred in the northwestern area, Larvae damaged alfalfa in many western and
south-central areas during spring. Adults were heavier in light traps in south-
western Kansas than for the past few years in September and October,

In southwestern NEBRASKA up to 20 larvae per row foot fed on wheat in late March;
damage was moderate and peaked from about mid-April to early May. Damage to
alfalfa ranged light to moderate in central, southern, southwestern, and north-
western areas and occurred mostly during March and April. Moth populations in
September were higher than in 1967. Army cutworm is expected to increase in
Nebraska in 1969. Larvae seriously damaged or destroyed winter wheat throughout
western SOUTH DAKOTA. Damage was noticeable by late March and continued to mid-
May. Larvae ranged from less than one to seven per row foot, Economic numbers
occurred in 11 western counties. Treatment was applied to about 40,000 acres of
winter wheat. Controls helped severely damaged fields to recover completely.
Larvae seriously damaged alfalfa west of Belle Fourche, Butte County, near
Whitewood, Lawrence County, and near Sturgis, Meade County, in late April and
early May. Larvae and damage in NORTH DAKOTA appeared in small grains during
late April and continued well into June. Cool, damp weather delayed development
and pupation. Severe damage, up to 100 percent in some fields, occurred in 4
southwestern counties; infestations were also present in Wells and Bottineau
Counties. Damaged fields recovered when controls were applied in time.

PAINTED LADY (Vanessa cardui) flights in ARIZONA were heavy through the Tucson
area of Pima County. On April 5, larvae fed heavily on little mallow in north-
western Phoenix, Maricopa County. On April 13-14, flights were heavy at Congress,
Hillside, and Bagdad in Yavapai County and at Signal and Wikieup in Mohave
County. On May 1-2, flights were heavy in the northern area between House Rock
and Marble Canyon State Alternate Highway 89 and south of Flagstaff, Coconino
County. Larvae damaged bean plantings locally in CALIFORNIA. They also damaged
a wide variety of shrubs. Larvae were more abundant on Canada thistle in Polk
County, OREGON, than in 1967. Parasitism appeared lower. Numbers were also
abundant on Canada thistle in Umatilla County. Heavy flights were noted in
southeastern WYOMING in late May. By June 14, larvae were causing extensive
damage to Canada thistle.

Larvae of painted lady damaged isolated fields of soybeans in northeastern

KANSAS in late June. Flights through eastern and northeastern NEBRASKA were
heavy on May 2. Larvae were unusually abundant on thistles from late May through
June. Damage to soybeans was light and scattered. Larvae defoliated thistles in
soybean fields in southeastern SOUTH DAKOTA and then moved to the soybeans during
the second week of June. Controls were applied in some cases. Larvae were
occaSionally numerous on Canada thistle in MINNESOTA, and damaged thistle-infested
soybeans. In June infestations were scattered throughout the southern area and
later in the season could be found northward in the west-central, central, and
east-central districts. Canning peas were damaged in some areas, Some soybeans
and canning peas were treated. Generally, damage was scattered and confined to
individual fields in Minnesota. Larvae of painted lady were pests statewide in
IOWA through most of June. After rapidly devouring thistles and cockleburs,
larvae moved on to many other hosts including soybeans. Larvae fed on soybeans
throughout northern MISSOURI. Small numbers of larvae occurred on sunflower in
eastern ARKANSAS in September. In northern INDIANA larval counts ranged 2-8 per
plant on half of the thistles checked from mid-May to early June. During the
first half of June, migrating larvae damaged soybeans, pastures, and small
grains, In most instances damage was restricted to small areas in fields, but
some cases of defoliation in up to 6 acres of soybeans occurred,

- 122 -

TOBACCO HORNWORM (Manduca sexta) larvae infested tomatoes in RHODE ISLAND, Some
larvae were covered with cocoons of parasitic braconids, In central TENNESSEE a
few early instars appeared in tobacco early in June. During Summer damage was
moderate in most fields because of closely followed spray schedules. Numbers
were lower on flue-cured and cigar-wrapper tobacco in FLORIDA. Damage was
moderate on flue-cured tobacco and unimportant on cigar-wrapper tobacco, Light
trap catches showed a 26-percent decrease compared with 1967. Tomatoes in
ARIZONA required treatment in early May at Yuma, Yuma County.

TOMATO HORNWORM (Manduca quinquemaculata) was unusually common on garden tomatoes
in Jackson County, OREGON, during summer. Numbers in KANSAS were below normal
with little damage.

MELONWORM (Diaphania hyalinata) was Serious on cucumbers, cantaloups, and
pumpkins in MA. Larvae partially defoliated a limited planting of Cuban
squash at Belle Glade, Palm Beach County, FLORIDA, during October,

UF

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aa an

(POSTAGE AND F
“St D PARTMENT O

l=.) STATES

VOL. 19 No.9 February 28, 1969

22.

Cooperative
ECONOMIC INSECT

REPORT

EAT H SONI

V
MAR 4 1969

Issued by

LIBRARIES

PLANT PEST CONTROL DIVISION
AGRICULTURAL RESEARCH SERVICE

UNITED STATES DEPARTMENT OF AGRICULTURE

AGRICULTURAL RESEARCH SERVICE

PLANT PEST CONTROL DIVISION

SURVEY AND DETECTION OPERATIONS

The Cooperative Economic Insect Report is issued
weekly as a service to American Agriculture. Its contents
are compiled from information supplied by cooperating State,
Federal, and industria! entomologists and other agricultural
workers. In releasing this material the Division serves as
a clearing house and dcesnot assume responsibility for ac-
curacy of the material.

All reports and inquiries pertaining to this release,
including the mailing list, should be sent to:

Survey and Detection Operations
Plant Pest Control Division
Agricultural Research Service
United States Department of Agriculture
Federal Center Building
Hyattsville, Maryland 20782

Volume 19 February 28, 1969 Number 9

COOPERATIVE ECONOMIC INSECT REPORT

HIGHLIGHTS

Current Conditions
ARMY CUTWORM appearing on alfalfa in Nebraska. (p. 125).

GREENBUG activity heavy in the Rolling Plains, Panhandle, Central, and South
Texas. (p. 125).

WINTER GRAIN MITE activity decreasing in Young and Archer Counties, heavy in
Wilbarger County, Texas. (p. 125).

Adults of PEAR PSYLLA active in orchards in Jackson County, Oregon. (p. 126).

Detection

For new county records see page 129.

Predictions

EUROPEAN CORN BORER may be economic in east-central South Dakota. (p. 130).
CORN ROOTWORMS expected to be problem in corn-growing areas of South Dakota
(p. 133) and economic in southeastern and southwestern Minnesota (p. 135).
Severe PALE WESTERN CUTWORM outbreak predicted in southwestern and southern
panhandle areas of Nebraska. (p. 139).

Special Reports

Summary of Insect Conditions in the United States - 1968
Corn, Sorghum, Sugarcane (pp. 130-139).
Small Grains (pp. 139-142).
Turf, Pastures, Rangeland (pp. 142-144).

Distribution maps
Northern corn rootworm (p. 134).
Southern corn rootworm (p. 136).
Western corn rootworm (p. 137).

Reports in this issue are for week ending February 21 unless otherwise indicated.

i Xe}

- 124 -

CONTENTS
Special Insects of Regional Silomaeha cane sie cnevsrensietstenensnelleforecllenoielefelleleiotere ielefelehokereleneger ea.
Insects Affecting

Corn, Sorghum, Sugarcane...ese+ee++125 GAG US oehesencuckenccsioleicloroncnonenensretotoneienener ao
Small eG@raans'scveisiclelevotere toloielel ss clenersis efore lh a0 OrnamenCall’Se rez oreterelie) cielo sveisiehelaiesereretliaO)
Forage L€gumeS.....ccccececereesseeldd Forest and Shade Trees.....02-2-127
General VegetablesS....cersccereveeelso Manvand jAnaimailishs cicareielieverexcnenelcieietaolcnt
Deciduous Fruits and Nuts........--125 Stored) ProducstS cece cei. ei eiale silelolevehelopl atl

Federal and State Plant Protection ProgramS.....ecccccorccccccscercrecssesoevolal
Hawaii Insect RE POT, Cis ccovcre ie sherevoicrelece) svehee/e oleic! eevoxeledevelsielel serene VsseKeusiatstoneretetl Nett R Peco
TNSECE DELeGtiOn sis «ictevc ciclo leiele eielleiela eleile\ chefelosei crolepeiters) alefetelexe\ieie\ etejele\lenecouclcleieielsietek Mckee RRRU AO,
COME CTAONS ee ciciele cuchercile efenenereton celal choieneredexeyecereucteh-Velegetetenede/cllove lero tcneneRel Ven suelietohei-keKeRRoNeRemey Lo
Light Trap Gold ecet ONS a, 6 ais o clolslons re cheveleicdetehele tel oceueiiss cer eclonopoastieltaileltevel stalelievelie: ate ee oe lel ohoRs RoR LEO
Summary of Insect Conditions in the United States - 1968

Corn, Sorghun, SU BAGCAMNE jo) 6,1:0.10 sole euelle’ olor ebe,scl ans ele evensie olelekenoge! sol sVeLeyeielsie ey sKeRo ene, Siskel hNeKone pKa)

Smal 1 GPAdns orcie ec cccceavacese cuctevcliovevercucle eee jjeielcel slies'aielfey oi(ol anole oleRevexeverereyeuellcialetopeconcieh<lereeshenteRR OS)

Turf, Pastures, Range Lands cc sic cueteicl cle ciel skcnecvercliouelaicfoyekerelieloychelelcielcrolejciorokesolehVaR neko
Distribution maps

Northern. Corn. LOOtWOLM ss ¢.«0:6:+ 6.» ie ole ence oisi0.6) eye o-s lols ol eysheleleie toloseloiie|ehouoje sielers er ekelepenepetetenep OLE

Southern COrm TOO CWOLMs cle. sce ccc ccc oe staves c/c evelslereisceneeccloyel ale ece.cjeuetenons ress oteyenetoteMe Rene LG

WESTELN COLN LOOT WOLIMseveic eicvere vei » sicvevoveleherclejerclsrelelteleceneisroteveteletehotolete’ envelorctelecpeheKetelelelefeneP LS

WEATHER OF THE WEEK ENDING FEBRUARY 25

HIGHLIGHTS: Major storms pounded the Far West and the Northeast. Bitter cold
weather continued in Montana while a warming trend occurred in the East.

PRECIPITATION: Copious rains soaked central and southern California early in the
week with Snow in the mountains. The huge storm spread eastward piling heavy snow
in the mountains of Arizona above 4,000 feet while showers and thunderstorms
occurred in the valleys. By Wednesday evening 15 inches of snow covered the
ground in the Flagstaff vicinity. Heavy snow also fell in the central and southern
Rockies with lighter snow in the northern Rockies and nearby Great Plains. Heavy
rain and snow in the Far West continued over the weekend. The snow pack increased
to 16 feet in the Sierras and exceeded 20 feet in the Cascades. The blowing and
drifting snow clogged some of the major highways in California on Monday, February
24. In the Far Northwest, light precipitation, rain in the lower levels, and snow
in the mountains fell early and late in the week. Totals were generally less

than 1 inch. The storm which dumped 1 to 1.5 feet of snow over western North
Carolina on February 15 and 16 moved far out into the Atlantic Ocean, stalled
about 600 miles east of the Virginia coast, and continued to furnish rain,
freezing rain, freezing drizzle, and snow to the Middle Atlantic States and North-
east. One to 3 inches of snow fell from Washington, D.C., to New York City on
Thursday morning. Snow fell Sunday and Monday in the Northeast and by Tuesday
morning, February 25, had covered parts of New England with a foot or more of new
snow. Eastern Texas and nearby parts of Arkansas and Louisiana received generous
rains starting after midweek.

Weather continued on page 129,

- 125 -

SPECIAL INSECTS OF REGIONAL SIGNIFICANCE

ARMY CUTWORM (Chorizagrotis auxiliaris) - NEBRASKA - Averaged 2-5 per alfalfa
crown in 2 fields in Keith and Lincoln Counties February 5-6, (Andersen) ,

CORN LEAF APHID (Rhopalosiphum maidis) - FLORIDA - Light on 18 to 24-inch sorghum,
up to 10 per leaf, at Homestead, Dade County. Collected by D.O. Wolfenbarger.
Determined by R.J. Nielsson, (Fla. Coop. Sur., Feb. 11).

GREENBUG (Schizaphis graminum) - TEXAS - Populations during week of February 3-7
by county as follows: Floyd - heavy over entire county; Crosby - medium to heavy;
Dawson - spotted, heavy; Lynn - light to medium. Cold weather prevented
additional buildup in the panhandle. Currently medium to heavy in Briscoe County;

some control in progress. (Almand). Heavy in Motley, Foard, Wilbarger, Wichita,
Cottle, King, and Knox Counties, Damage light in some fields in Jones and Young
Counties. (Boring). Very spotted populations reported from central area. Heavy

in small grain along the Brazos River bottom in Falls County near Marlin. Controls
applied. (Turney, Wood). Heavy and widespread in Uvalde County. Counts 100+
per row foot in irrigated wheat 6-7 inches high. One field sprayed. (Tapscott).
ARKANSAS - Negative in wheat in northeast and southeast areas. (Ark. Ins. Sur.).

CORN, SORGHUM, SUGARCANE
SOUTHWESTERN CORN BORER (Diatraea grandiosella) - MISSOURI - Total of 100 girdled

stalks from field in Butler County dissected. Live larvae in 4 stalks; dead
larvae in 21 stalks; empty tunnels in 75 stalks, (Munson) ,

SMALL GRAINS

WINTER GRAIN MITE (Penthaleus major) - TEXAS - Heavy in Wilbarger County. Damage
decreasing in Young and Archer Counties. (Texas Coop. Rpt.).

FORAGE LEGUMES

PEA APHID (Acyrthosiphon pisum) - ARKANSAS - Ranged 12-15 per square foot in
southwest area; counts higher than in northern area.’ (Ark. Ins. Sur.).

ALFALFA WEEVIL (Hypera postica) - ARKANSAS - No egg hatch detected in alfalfa in
Miller County. (Ark. Ins. Sur.).

ALFALFA CATERPILLAR (Colias eurytheme) - CALIFORNIA - Light larval populations
appearing on 20 acres of alfalfa in Clovis, Fresno County. (Cal. Coop. Rpt.).

GENERAL VEGETABLES

GREEN PEACH APHID (Myzus persicae) - FLORIDA - Light, up to 2 per leaf on tomato
and up to 4 per leaf on potato at Homestead, Dade County; colonies forming.
Determined by R.J. Nielsson. (Nielsson, Wolfenbarger, Feb. 11).

DECIDUOUS FRUITS AND NUTS

WHITE PEACH SCALE (Pseudaulacaspis pentagona) - FLORIDA - Overwintering females
began egg laying on peach trees in Gainesville area, Alachua County, February 5;
compares to February 2 in 1967, and February 3 in 1968. Most female scales
gravid. No nymphs observed February 19. No eggs or nymphs observed on peach
trees in Monticello area, Jefferson County, February 20. (Whitcomb).

= 126 =

PEAR PSYLLA (Psylla pyricola) - OREGON - Overwintering adults active in orchards
in Willamette Valley. No oviposition observed, one female with fully developed
eggs. (Every). In Medford area of Jackson County, adults up to 5 per trap,
mostly 1-2 per trap. Higher than normal percentage of females with eggs. No
oviposition observed. Highest temperature 55°F. (Berry).

CITRUS

Citrus Insect Situation in Florida - Mid-February - CITRUS RUST MITE (Phyllo-
coptruta oleivora) infested 69 (norm 61) percent of groves; 48 (norm 42) percent

economic. Population above normal and in high range. Further increase expected.
Infestations Similar on leaves and fruit. Highest districts south, west, north,
and east. TEXAS CITRUS MITE (Eutetranychus banksi) infested 27 (norm 31) percent
of groves; 15 (norm 11) percent economic. Population increased slightly but

still in low range and about normal. Additional increase and few heavy infesta-
tions expected. Highest districts central and north. CITRUS RED MITE (Panonychus
citri) infested 27 (norm 36) percent of groves; 9 (norm 18) percent economic.
Population decreased and expected to remain below normal and near current low
level. Highest district east. SIX-SPOTTED MITE (Eotetranychus sexmaculatus)
infested 6 percent of groves; none economic. Slight increase expected. GLOVER
SCALE (Lepidosaphes gloverii) infested 70 (norm 78) percent of groves; 4 percent
(norm 17 percent) economic. PURPLE SCALE (L. beckii) infested 51 (norm 73)
percent of groves; less than 1 percent economic (norm 13 percent). BLACK SCALE
(Saissetia oleae) infested 23 (norm 36) percent of groves; 3 (norm 15) percent
economic. YELLOW SCALE (Aonidiella citrina) infested 66 (norm 62) percent of
groves; 4 (norm 15) percent economic. CHAFF SCALE (Parlatoria pergandii) infested
40 (norm 64) percent of groves; less than 1 percent economic (norm 9 percent).

All scales below normal for February. All in low to moderate range in all
districts and not expected to increase within next month. Slight increase
indicated for Glover and yellow scale. An ARMORED SCALE (Unaspis citri) continues
present in 16 percent of groves but temporarily inactive. APHIDS expected to be
less numerous than normal until mid-March, then increase rapidly. (W.A. Simanton
(Citrus Expt. Sta., Lake Alfred)).

ORNAMENTALS

BLACK VINE WEEVIL (Brachyrhinus sulcatus) - OREGON - Severe on two large beds of
ornamental maple rootstock in Portland, Multnomah County. Trees in small pots;
grubs averaged 4-5 per pot. (Larson, Wescott).

A NOCTUID MOTH (Orthosia hibisci) - MARYLAND - Larvae lightly damaged rose buds
at University Park and Greenbelt in Prince Georges County in May 1968. Collected
by T.L. Bissell. Determined by D.M. Weisman. This is a new county record.

QU.) Md... Ent... Dept..):.

FORBES SCALE (Aspidiotus forbesi) - FLORIDA - Found on dogwood, Cornus florida,
at Williston, Levy County, February 7, 1969. Collected by A.E. Graham. This is
new Florida Department of Plant Industry county and host record. (Fla. Coop.
Sura).

AN ARMORED SCALE (Diaspis boisduvalii) - CALIFORNIA - Heavy on orchid plants in
nursery in Fillmore, Ventura County. (Cal. Coop. Rpt.).

A SPIDER MITE (Eotetranychus libocedri) - CALIFORNIA - Medium on Italian cypress
trees in Palm Springs, Riverside County. (Cal. Coop. Rpt.).

NAG

FOREST AND SHADE TREES

AN ARMORED SCALE (Lindingaspis rossi) - CALIFORNIA - Medium on redwood trees,
Sequoia sp., locally in Santa Maria, Santa Barbara County. (Cal. Coop. Rpt.).

MAN AND ANIMALS

SCREW-WORM (Cochliomyia hominivorax) - Total of 2 cases reported in Bee County,
TEXAS, February 16-22. Total of 122 cases reported in portion of Barrier Zone in
Republic of Mexico as follows: Sonora 39, Chihuahua 13, Coahuila 10, Nuevo Leon
7, Tamaulipas 53. Total of 15 cases reported in Mexico south of Barrier Zone.
Barrier Zone is area where eradication operation underway to prevent establish-
ment of self-sustaining population in U.S. Sterile screw-worm flies released:
Texas 25,768,000; Mexico 33,300,000. (Anim. Health Div.).

CATTLE LICE - NEBRASKA - Bovicola bovis (cattle biting louse) light on 12 animals
at 1 site in Lancaster County. Haematopinus eurysternus (short-nosed cattle louse)
light on 3 herds: 15 head in Gage, 12 in Lancaster, and 10 in Cass Counties.
(Campbell, Feb. 12). OKLAHOMA - Mostly H. eurysternus heavy on cattle in Mayes and
Pushmataha Counties. (Okla. Coop. Sur.). ALABAMA - Biting and sucking lice more
widespread on poorly protected cattle in Shelby, Lee, Bibb, and other counties.
Populations less serious than in most years. Some herds and individual animals
being treated. (Odom et al.).

LONE STAR TICK (Amblyomma americanum) - OKLAHOMA - Reported on cattle in
Pushmataha County. (Okla. Coop. Sur.).

STORED PRODUCTS

INDIAN-MEAL MOTH (Plodia interpunctella) - IOWA - Infested shelled corn at
Winterset, Madison County. (Iowa Ins. Sur.).

FEDERAL AND STATE PLANT PROTECTION PROGRAMS

BOLL WEEVIL (Anthonomus grandis) - TEXAS - Weekly checks made of 225 traps in
control zone during January. One weevil trapped in Garza County week ending
January 25; in Stonewall County, 17 weevils taken in one trap same week. In
High Plains area, 13 weevils (5 males, 8 females) taken on pheromone stickyboard
traps between December 11, 1968, and January 11, 1969. Captures occurred during
last half of December. (PPC South. Reg.).

BROWN-TAIL MOTH (Nygmia phaeorrhoea) - MAINE - To date, single webs found at
several locations in Portland area. This area contiguous to more heavily infested
area at Falmouth. Approximately 61,800 acres surveyed by end of January.

NEW HAMPSHIRE - Single web found at old infestation site in Henniker.
Approximately 43,200 acres surveyed in State to January 31. (PPC East. Reg.).

CITRUS BLACKFLY (Aleurocanthus woglumi) - TEXAS - Surveys in Bee, Cameron, Dimmit,
La Salle, Live Oak, Maverick, Nueces, Webb, Zapata, and Zavala Counties negative.
(PPC South. Reg., Dec. Rpt.).

= 128 =

GYPSY MOTH (Porthetria dispar) - NEW JERSEY - Three areas of infestation near
defoliation Tevel found in Monmouth County. These in section of county where
treatments made. About 100 acres involved at each site. Egg masses located at

3 sites in nonregulated areas of Hopewell Township, Mercer County. Two sites 0.5
mile apart and 0.5 mile south of positive trap; third site 1 mile southwest of
these sites. PENNSYLVANIA - Infestations found at 3 trap sites in Luzerne County,
1 in Susquehanna County. One egg cluster found along Appalachian Trail about 4
miles west of Auburn infestation; 1 egg mass found in Greenwich Township, Berks
County, near Lehigh County line and on edge of regulated area. Three egg

Sea Cie found in sterile release block in Bucks County. (PPC East. Reg., Jan.
RDitie»)).

MEXICAN FRUIT FLY (Anastrepha ludens) - CALIFORNIA - A sterile A. ludens trapped
in San Diego 12 miles north of release points in Tijuana, Baja California, Mexico.
Six weeks since last fly trapped and latest date that a sterile A. ludens trapped
after termination of releases. Releases terminated at Tijuana, November 27, 1968.
(Cal. Coop. Rpt.).

WINTER MOTH (Operophtera brumata) - MAINE - All catches in blacklight traps and
stocking-type traps negative for this pest. (PPC East. Reg., Jan. Rpt.).

HAWAII INSECT REPORT

Turf and Pasture - A GRASS WEBWORM (Herpetogramma licarsisalis) subsided in lawns
and pastures throughout State. Damage light in Scattered areas on Oahu, Kauai,
and Hawaii. Damage light to medium on Maui, mostly pastures in northeastern
sections. (Yoshioka, Miyahira, et al.).

General Vegetables - SOUTHERN GREEN STINK BUG (Nezara viridula) nymphs and adults
Tight to medium on small yard-long bean plantings at Ewa and 0.25-acre planting
at Koko Head, Oahu. Negligible on snap and yard-long beans in Waianae and
Waimanalo. SWEETPOTATO HORNWORM (Agrius cingulatus) larvae and damage heavy in
sweetpotato planting at Maalaea, Maui. (Miyahira).

Fruits - MANGO FLOWER BEETLE (Protaetia fusca) adults medium on mango blossoms
in Waimanalo and Waianae, Oahu. Adults common on mango as most trees in flower.
LARGE MANGO TIP BORER (Bombotelia jocosatrix) larvae and damage negligible to
trace on mango foliage in Ewa, Makaha, Honolulu, Kaneohe, and Kahuku, Oahu.
Light on terminals of several trees in Waimanalo. (Funasaki).

Forest - A CONIFER APHID (Cinara carolina) nymphs and adults light and widespread
in 200 acres of slash pine (Pinus elliotii) at Makaha and Kokee in Waimea District,
Kauai. (Sugawa). RED WAX SCALE (Ceroplastes rubens) heavy on small volunteer
ohia-lehua trees (Metrosideros collina polymorpha) at Makaha and Kokee, Waimea
District, Kauai. AS many aS 26 per leaf; 90 percent of leaves infested. (Sugawa).

Miscellaneous Insects - VAGRANT GRASSHOPPER (Schistocerca vaga) buildup heavy near
airport in Waianae District, Oahu, in areas with dense growth of slender mimosa
(Desmanthus virgatus). Flushed from crops in Waianae during spray or harvesting
operations but no damage reported. (Nakao).

- 129 -

INSECT DETECTION
New County Records
A NOCTUID MOTH (Orthosia hibisci) - MARYLAND - Prince Georges County. (p. 126).

FORBES SCALE (Aspidiotus forbesi) - FLORIDA - Levy County. (p. 126).

CORRECTIONS

CEIR 19(7):103 - WHITE-FRINGED BEETLES - In line 4, delete OKLAHOMA. Sentence
should read: Local spread occurred in that State, as well as in ALABAMA,
FLORIDA, and GEORGIA. Ti

CEIR 19(8):120 - Line 19 - Spodoptera exigua should read Spodoptera frugiperda.

LIGHT TRAP COLLECTIONS

FLORIDA - Gainesville - 2/14-20, BL - Armyworm (Pseudaletia unipuncta) 1, black
cutworm (Agrotis ipsilon) 5, granulate cutworm (Feltia subterranea) 9.

Weather of the week continued from page 124,

TEMPERATURE: Temperatures averaged a few degrees below normal over most of the
Far West and across the South, much below normal in Montana, and above normal
from the northern Great Plains to the Northeast. Mild, sunny, pleasant weather
prevailed from the northern Great Plains to New England and as far south as the
Ohio River. The warm weather melted some of the snow in the Dakotas, Minnesota,
Wisconsin, and southward where the ground was not frozen. The water from the snow
percolated into the ground with little runoff. By the end of the week, most of
the snow in Kentucky and Tennessee had melted. Melting snow in Washington also
percolated into the ground with little runoff. However, deep snow still covered
the foothills and mountains in that State. Gradual warming over the East brought
weekly temperatures above normal in the Northeast and closer to normal over the
Southeast during the previous week. (Summary supplied by Environmental Data
Service, ESSA.)

- 130 -

SUMMARY OF INSECT CONDITIONS IN THE UNITED STATES - 1968
(Continued from page 122)

CORN, SORGHUM, SUGARCANE

Highlights:

EUROPEAN CORN BORER was generally more abundant in the fall of 1968. Populations
increased in 9 major corn-growing States. SOUTHWESTERN CORN BORER was serious on
corn in northern Alabama, increased in southern Illinois, and damaged corn in
several areas of Oklahoma, FALL ARMYWORM was economic on corn and sorghum in
Texas and a threat to corn throughout the year in Florida. WESTERN BEAN CUTWORM
damaged corn in northeastern Colorado and was heavy in southwestern Nebraska.
LESSER CORNSTALK BORER was severe on late field corn and moderate on sugarcane in
Florida. CORN ROOTWORMS were damaging in Several States and required controls in
some areas. Fall populations were sufficiently high in the corn-growing area of
South Dakota so that problems are expected in 1969. SORGHUM MIDGE was heavy on
sorghum in areas of Texas and caused some heavy damage in Oklahoma.

EUROPEAN CORN BORER (Ostrinia nubilalis) infestations ranged 12-100 percent ina
10-square-mile area in the Prospect Valley area of Weld County, COLORADO. Counts
were Slightly higher on corn in 1968 than in 1967 in northeastern KANSAS. Infes-
tations ranged 4-15 percent on some sorghum in the southeastern and east-central
areas in the fall of 1968, Winter survival was less than 6 percent in Hall and
Cuming Counties, NEBRASKA. Borers averaged about 500 per acre with less than

33 percent pupation in the last half of May. Flights peaked June 9-11. High
counts occurred in Cuming County with an average of 1,132 borers per acre on 16
percent of the corn, During fall counts increased to 27,306 per acre on 81.6
percent of the corn, In Hall County borers averaged 18,648 per acre on 69,2
percent of the corn. These figures are near or Slightly above normal. Winter
survival in SOUTH DAKOTA averaged 80-100 percent in 5 southeastern counties the
first week of May. First adults were taken in a light trap at Brookings,
Brookings County, on June 28, the same date as in 1967, which is 2 weeks later
than normal, Total damage was light in the southeastern area. Damage was not
light in Union County or in the far northeastern counties. Borer numbers and
damage increased in 1968 and may become economic in 1969 in the east-central
counties, Winter survival in NORTH DAKOTA was 81 percent, Slightly more than in
1967. By mid-June, however, fewer pupae were present than in 1967. First moths
appeared in light traps June 17. On July 19, first instars were present. By the
end of August first-generation borers were full grown. In September, second-
generation borers did not appear in economic numbers and did not develop suffi-
ciently to overwinter. The fall survey in 5 southeastern North Dakota counties
revealed 112 borers per 100 plants on 40 percent of the corn compared with 101
per 100 plants on 49 percent of the corn in 1967. Very little stalk breakage was
evident.

Although European corn borer increased in southern, central, and east-central
MINNESOTA, counts were not high. Counts decreased in the northwestern district
but remained at the high level of 99 borers per 100 plants. Counts in the west-
central district remained moderate with 58 borers per 100 plants. Economic dam-
age to field corn was restricted mostly to the northwestern district. The out-
look for 1969 in Minnesota is much the same as it was in 1968. European corn
borer winter survival in IOWA was 86 percent, slightly more than in 1967, During
mid-May moths appeared in a light trap at Ames, Story County. During late July
an average of 19.2 borers per 100 plants infested 15.7 percent of the corn. By
October, borers averaged 171 per 100 plants on 72 percent of the corn compared
with 55 per 100 plants on 53 percent in 1967. Loss was estimated at 46.3 million
bushels, The first moth of the season in MISSOURI was trapped May 10 at
Portageville, New Madrid County. First-generation counts were low. Fall over-
wintering populations in all districts were higher than in 1967. In ARKANSAS
heavier populations (2,448 borers per acre) than in 1967 infested 25 percent of

dle}

the stalks. Numbers in northern ALABAMA on corn and grain sorghum were much
lower than during 1960-1966, European corn borer was reported for the first time
in Baldwin County, about 180 miles south of any previously known infestation in
the State. Larvae were heavy in field corn in central TENNESSEE, Infestation
was 98 percent in some instances,

European corn borer averaged 4,6 first-generation borers per 100 stalks (8 borers
in 1967) in 22 counties surveyed in ILLINOIS. Second-generation borers were the
highest since 1955 with a State average of 211 per 100 stalks. Counts for the 36
counties surveyed Since 1942 averaged 205 borers per 100 stalks (61 in 1967).

The highest averages were 282 borers per 100 plants in the southwestern district
and 540 borers per 100 stalks in Livingston County. Winter survival in WISCONSIN
was about 76 percent. By May 31 moth emergence was underway. By June 21 leaf
feeding ranged 1-10 percent, Adults began to appear by July 26. Second-
generation borers were numerous in field and sweet corn in all areas. All larval
stages were common into October, Adults were caught in blacklight traps until
after October 4, European corn borer was not a threat to field corn in MICHIGAN.
Damage was well below the control level. First-generation infestations through-
out INDIANA were scarce due to the lateness of corn, Second-generation infesta-
tions were the heaviest since 1957. Counts averaged 82 per 100 plants on 50 per-
cent of the corn in the State. The most heavily infested fields had from 7 to 13
borers per stalk, with up to 20 percent ear droppage. Drying conditions, which
allowed corn to be harvested by early November, minimized stalk breakage. Pupa-
tion had begun by late May in most areas of OHIO, By late June damaged corn was
evident. The first generation generally remained below the control level.

Large numbers of moths appeared in blacklight traps during early August. During
the last half of August second-generation borers were heavy and widespread, The
fall survey in Ohio revealed an average of 152.6 borers per 100 plants compared
with 18.4 per 100 plants in 1967 and 41.5 in 1966, Loss to the corn crop was
estimated at 7,745,732 bushels.

European corn borer infested up to 80 percent of some corn stands in the mountain
and northern areas of VIRGINIA. The first major flights in MARYLAND occurred in
mid-May on the Eastern Shore. Heavy flights started again in late July and
continued into September. With exceptionally heavy numbers statewide, controls
were applied to most of the State's 24,000 acres of sweet corn but to very little
field corn. Heavily infested fields in the southern and Eastern Shore areas of
Maryland had 18-21 borers per stalk in September. Overwintering populations are
more than twice those of 1967. In DELAWARE populations during fall were the
highest ever recorded. The State average of 444 borers per 100 corn plants was
more than twice that of 1967. The first generation in PENNSYLVANIA was about
twice that of 1967. In late June about 75 percent of the corn in some fields
had feeding holes. Larval numbers approached but did not reach the injury
threshold level. The fall average, 98 borers per 100 plants, was above the
20-year average for the State. Larvae infested corn during the first week of
June in RHODE ISLAND. In NEW HAMPSHIRE a cool, wet June extended egg laying
well into July. During early August pupation was rapid. The Second generation
was about the same as in 1967. In VERMONT 21.38 larvae per 100 corn plants
infested an average of 15.75 percent of the plants in 13 of 14 counties. Counts
were higher than the 1967 level of infestation. Grand Isle, Chittenden, Windsor,
and Franklin Counties were the most heavily infested. For the status of
European corn borer in the fall of 1968 see CEIR 19(4) :47-53.,

SOUTHWESTERN CORN BORER (Diatraea grandiosella) was serious on corn in northwestern
and north-central ALABAMA, New records were reported for 4 northeastern
counties. Infested counties now total 38. Populations increased in extreme
southern ILLINOIS. Larvae averaged 50 per 100 stalks in one late-planted field.
In the most heavily infested area, Pulaski and Alexander Counties had an average
of 22 percent of plants infested. A new record was reported for one southeastern
county. In MISSOURI populations during fall were similar to those for 1967.

New records were reported in 2 southeastern counties. Percent lodging in
ARKANSAS was comparable to 1967, but percent of infestation was heavier for early
corn, In TEXAS infestations in corn were heaviest in 4 southern panhandle
counties. Southwestern corn borer damaged corn in a few northwestern,

= 132) =

east-central, and southeastern OKLAHOMA counties during October. By November 1,
diapause in the east-central area was complete. This pest was reported for the
first time in one north-central county. Infestations in south-central KANSAS
ranged 5-12 percent for the first generation and 25-50 percent for the second
generation, First-generation moths first appeared July 27. In the fall infes-
tations in southeastern and south-central Kansas ranged 5-70 percent. In
ARIZONA southwestern corn borer was moderate in-sorghum in 2 southwestern
counties from June through September. From August through November the heaviest
infestation for many years occurred on corn and sorghum in Maricopa County.

SUGARCANE BORER (Diatraea saccharalis) was light on corn during early June in
Cameron County, TEXAS, but was heavy and damaged grain sorghum in the Rio Grande
Valley. In mid-August medium numbers were widespread on grain sorghum in
Calhoun County where damage ranged up to 25 percent in some fields. During
September this pest infested late-planted grain sorghum in 2 southwestern
counties. Sugarcane borer continued as the principal pest of sugarcane in
FLORIDA during 1968,

FALL ARMYWORM (Spodoptera frugiperda) larvae damaged corn in Imperial County,
CALIFORNIA, Populations were light on late-planted field and sweet corn in
eastern NEBRASKA in August and September, A very light flight was followed by
unusually light infestations on corn and sorghum in KANSAS. This pest was not
very common in OKLAHOMA and caused little damage. In TEXAS damage was economic
to corn and grain sorghum, but numbers in ARKANSAS were much lighter in 1968
than in 1967. Fall armyworm was light and scattered on late corn and sorghum
throughout ALABAMA, Fall armyworm and Heliothis zea (corn earworm) larvae were
a threat to corn throughout 1968 in the Everglades area of Palm Beach County,
FLORIDA, During spring S. frugiperda accounted for 94 percent of the budworms and
62 percent of the larvae in ears of Sweet corn. One or both species infested
95 percent of the leaves and stalks and 94.5 percent of the ears in untreated
checks, Fall armyworm was the major species that damaged 79 percent of the
stalks, A mixed population of these 2 species infested the buds of field corn
and damaged 23-43 percent of the stalks. Fall armyworm was heavy and severely
damaged some corn during June and some grain sorghum during August in the
Sanford area, Seminole County. Treatments were required on grain sorghum,

Most spring corn received 1-3 applications.

SORGHUM WEBWORM (Celama sorghiella) damage to grain sorghum wasS noneconomic in
ALABAMA, but the pest necessitated treatment of some fields in ARKANSAS, Light
numbers damaged some grain sorghum in 6 east-central counties of TEXAS. Sorghum
webworm was active from mid-August to early October in OKLAHOMA, with up to 150
per head in several south-central counties. Counts ranged up to 65 per head in
some grain sorghum in the north-central, northeastern, central, east-central,

and southwestern areas. Larvae damaged a few late sorghum fields in east-central
and southeastern KANSAS in September,

WESTERN BEAN CUTWORM (Loxagrotis albicosta) increased in northeastern COLORADO
where loss to corn ranged light to moderate. This cutworm was reported for the
first time from 22 NEBRASKA counties and is now known to occur in 47 counties in
the State. Flights peaked July 16-21 in the central and southwestern areas.

The heaviest infestations were concentrated in the southwestern district and
from Ogallala to Central City along the Platte River Valley. Spotted heavy
infestations occurred in the panhandle area along or near the North Platte River.
By mid-September most larvae had pupated, Larval numbers increased considerably
in Dawson County but decreased in Lincoln County. Statewide populations appeared
to remain at or increase Slightly above 1967 levels. Two adults were taken in a
light trap near Yankton, Yankton County, SOUTH DAKOTA. Western bean cutworm
could become a major economic pest of corn in the State.

BLACK CUTWORM (Agrotis ipsilon) damaged sorghum in 2 south-central SOUTH DAKOTA
counties during May and early June and damage to corn in WISCONSIN ranged 5-10

percent-in some central area fields. In IOWA controls were applied to 116,700

acres of cropland. Larvae caused little damage to corn in KANSAS and injury to
corn in MARYLAND was light and well below normal.

- 133 -

STALK BORER (Papaipema nebris) was heavy on ragweed in the eastern third of
NEBRASKA. Some larvae migrated to corn from weedy field margins, but few controls
were necessary. Parasitism appeared to be very low. Larvae damaged border rows
in a few cornfields with infestations ranging up to 25 percent in some of these
fields. BEET ARMYWORM (Spodoptera exigua) damaged young corn plantings in
CALIFORNIA, First instars were Light in boots of young sorghum at Glendale,
Maricopa County, ARIZONA, during mid-April. In early June controls were necessary
on sorghum at Kansas Settlement in Cochise County. VARIEGATED CUTWORM (Peridroma
saucia) was heavy in north-central TEXAS on May 10 and many thousands of acres
were Sprayed.

CUTWORMS were very damaging to corn and some milo in CALIFORNIA throughout the
1968 season. These pests caused severe local problems on grain sorghum early in
May in central and southern areas of TEXAS, but were light and caused little
damage on corn throughout MINNESOTA. W-MARKED CUTWORM (Spaelotis clandestina)
infested corn in WISCONSIN by late May and required some treatment in the Wood
County area. Damage by GLASSY CUTWORM (Crymodes devastator) caused the replanting
of some early corn in MICHIGAN. DARK-SIDED CUTWORM (Euxoa messoria) and Euxoa
detersa larvae damaged corn seedlings in 2 northeastern counties of NEBRASKA and
PALE WESTERN CUTWORM (Agrotis orthogonia) larvae damaged corn and sorghum in
west-central and southwestern KANSAS in May.

LESSER CORNSTALK BORER (Elasmopalpus lignosellus) larvae in north-central FLORIDA
were severe on late-planted field corn in sandy soils. In the Belle Glade area

of Palm Beach County, this phycitid moth was moderate on "rattoon"” sugarcane
(second-year cane) in the muck region of the same area, Lesser cornstalk borer
was not very common in OKLAHOMA and caused little damage. In ARIZONA populations
ranged moderate to heavy on corn and sorghum in Yuma County from late June through
early October; some fields were treated.

WESTERN CORN ROOTWORM (Diabrotica virgifera) adults were collected from field
corn in Yavapai County, ARIZONA, for a new county record. D. virgifera and
SOUTHERN CORN ROOTWORM (D. undecimpunctata howardi) adults were first observed in
southeastern WYOMING in mid-July. The heaviest adult counts averaged 6-10 per
plant. Controls were applied for adults and larvae. The southern species was
not important. In MONTANA western corn rootworm occurred in Yellowstone and
Rosebud Counties. D. virgifera adults were light on corn in Richland County,
NORTH DAKOTA, on August 23, No new fields or counties have been found infested
since the first findings during 1967. D. undecimpunctata howardi was reported in
a west-central county for a new record, Western corn rootworm and northern corn
rootworm infestations in SOUTH DAKOTA were down sharply from those of 1967.
Similar to 1967, a late hatch was apparently extended over a long period. Early
summer infestations were erratic. By August 9, adults averaged 6 per cornstalk
in some fields near Beresford, Western corn rootworm was the dominant species
until the last week of August, when northern corn rootworm made up 90 percent of
a rootworm population in a field in northern Yankton County. Numbers were at the
lowest level of the last 5 years. During fall corn rootworms were heavy enough
in the corn-growing area so that problems are expected in 1969. Western corn root-
worm waS reported for the first time in 2 counties. In southern and southeastern
NEBRASKA southern corn rootworm adults were unusually abundant in May and June
and common on alfalfa and sweetclover throughout the season, but no damage was
noted. In the eastern and northeastern areas the usual numbers of western corn
rootworm and northern corn rootworm heavily lodged some fields. Corn rootworms
remained active on corn until mid-October in Nebraska. In KANSAS infestations of
D. undecimpunctata howardi, D. longicornis, and D. virgifera were about the same
as in 1967. Rootworms and drought damaged many fields in the northeastern area;
in July and August many fields were treated for adults. In August ratios for the
3 species remained unchanged in the northeastern and north-central areas. New
records were reported in a southeastern county for western corn rootworm and in

a south-central and 2 north-central counties for D. longicornis. Western corn
rootworm damaged large acreages of corn in Texas County, OKLAHOMA, during July
and early August. In mid-July larvae ranged up to 45 per plant. In early August
adults ranged up to 50 per row foot. Southern corn rootworm was medium to heavy

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- 135 -

on sorghum in a southeastern county of TEXAS during mid-April and later on corn
and sorghum in the east-central area. Northern corn rootworm was first found in
4 ALABAMA counties during 1967 but no new infestations were reported in 1968.

The first western corn rootworm larvae of the Season in MISSOURI were reported
June 11 from Atchison County. The first adult was seen July 3 in Knox County.
This rootworm was the major corn pest in the northern area. Heavy damage occurred
in Bates County, much farther south than any previous problems. Western corn
rootworm was reported in 4 west-central counties for new records, The first
larvae of the season in IOWA were observed during late June. Lodging averaged
6.2 percent, compared with 8.1 percent of the plants in 1967. About 5 million
acres of corn in Iowa were treated for corn rootworms. Loss was estimated at

$49 million, Northern corn rootworm and western corn rootworm were again a major
problem on corn in MINNESOTA. A general hatch began on June 20, about the same
time as in 1967. In early July lodged corn was evident. Rainfall helped plants
to recover from moderate root damage. In August adults averaged 25,925 per acre
in the southeastern district and 23,728 per acre in the southwestern district.
Middle averages of 13,000+ per acre occurred in south-central and central
Minnesota. Adults averaged 8,714 and 5,377 per acre in the east-central and
west-central districts, respectively. Northern corn rootworm continued to be
predominant, Western corn rootworm increased in the west-central district.

Only 1.5 percent of the adults were found in first-year cornfields, Economic
infestations in 1969 will occur in southeastern and southwestern Minnesota, In
WISCONSIN root damage was severe in a few untreated fields but light to moderate
generally by July 12. By July 26, silk feeding was noticeable, A cool spring,
which had prolonged hatch, probably prolonged adult emergence. Diabrotica
longicornis outnumbered D,. virgifera by about 50 to 1. Corn rootworm populations
in MICHIGAN appeared to decline as they did in 1967. ~ Neither damage nor adults
were observed on corn silks.

Corn rootworm larval counts of 30 per corn plant were average for western corn
rootworm and common for D, longicornis in the northern half of ILLINOIS in late
June but were as high as 75 per hill in the western area for D. longicornis. By
early July D. longicornis had severely damaged corn roots. By mid-August, 4 per-
cent of the fields had 5 or more D. longicornis adults per plant and 62 percent
had 1 or less. Most economic damage by western corn rootworm occurred in the
western and northwestern sections, D. virgifera was reported in 17 new counties
on the perimeter of the generally infested area, bringing the total known infested
counties to 37. Southern corn rootworm was heavy in the southern half of
Illinois, but damage was isolated, D. longicornis counts throughout INDIANA were
generally light with little damage. During mid-August adults ranged 15-30 per

25 ears in the most heavily infested fields. One western corn rootworm adult was
reported in Newton County for a new State record in Indiana, Corn lodged by

D. longicornis in OHIO was not a problem, By mid-August adults were near their
Seasonal peak on corn silks in the central area. During the last half of August
adults in 53 major corn-producing counties of Ohio averaged 25,802 per acre with
1.44 per plant, similar to 1967. Averages of more than 50,000 per acre were
found in 6 southwestern Ohio counties,

Northern corn rootworm adults continued to increase in PENNSYLVANIA. The highest
number was reported from the southeastern corner of the State. Averages as
high as 1 adult per 5 plants infested some fields in Bucks and Lehigh Counties.
The injury threshold level has not been reached yet in any area. Southern corn
rootworm and northern corn rootworm lodged 2-10 percent of the cornstalks in
many fields in central MARYLAND. Northern corn rootworm adults were most
numerous in Frederick and Carroll Counties, Adults ranged 1-4 per silk in the
heavily infested fields of Carroll County. Northern corn rootworm was reported
in 3 new counties and is expected to continue its southward and eastward expan-
sion within Maryland. Northern corn rootworm waS not economic in NEW HAMPSHIRE,
Adults were reported in 4 new counties,

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- 138 -

CORN FLEA BEETLE (Chaetocnema pulicaria) was very heavy on corn in most of central
MARYLAND. Early in the Season adults averaged 5 per 12 plants in Frederick
County. Populations on the Eastern Shore and in the southern area remained light.
Although very few in VIRGINIA, some infestations caused an average of 60-70 per-
cent injury to corn during June. Corn flea beetle adults ranged 1-4 per corn
seedling from May 20 through June 7 in southern and central INDIANA. Damage was
generally light but a few fields did require controls. Populations in ILLINOIS
were highest in the western area; some fields of early corn had 10 per plant. In
ALABAMA this flea beetle was largely a pest of seedling corn until plants were 2
feet high. Adults occurred throughout the State,

SEED-CORN BEETLE (Agonoderus lecontei) and a GROUND BEETLE (Clivina impressifrons)
damaged corn seed that germinated slowly due to cool, wet periods during April and
May in NEBRASKA. Some replanting was necessary in the State. Adults of both
species were taken in light traps in IOWA during early May. Damage by Clivina
impressifrons was reported from many counties. The loss due to replanting in

Towa was eStimated at $20,240. Seed-corn beetle and C. impressifrons damaged
many cornfields in northern ILLINOIS during germination, Severe infestations
resulted in as many as 5,000 corn plants per acre being killed with a probable
average loss of 500 to 1,000 plants per acre.

CHINCH BUG (Blissus leucopterus) populations were generally lower in NEBRASKA
than during 1967, Nymphs moved into corn and sorghum adjacent to ripening small
grains in Jefferson County on July 3, but no damage was reported. Overwintered
populations were low in most of eastern KANSAS in February. Populations were
light in a few central area fields and field borders were treated in a few
instances, Chinch bug was not very common in OKLAHOMA and caused little damage.
Populations in TEXAS ranged light to heavy on grain sorghum and corn in Lee and
Waller Counties from April through June, Chinch bug was lighter than usual in
ALABAMA during the 1968 season,

FALSE CHINCH BUG (Nysius ericae) was heavy and widespread on grain sorghum in
several southwestern counties of TEXAS during July. Controls for this pest were
necessary in isolated areas of the Trans-Pecos region of the State. In some
northwestern counties this pest ranged medium to very heavy.

SORGHUM MIDGE (Contarinia sorghicola) was light on early grain sorghum in the

Rio Grande Valley of TEXAS about mid-May. Populations were heavy on this crop in
Live Oak, Maverick, Uvalde, Bexar, Wilson, Hays, and Comal Counties. Light
numbers were detected in the Rolling Plains, the Trans-Pecos area, the South
Plains, and in most central area counties. Yields were not significantly reduced
in these areas of Texas except in late-planted grain sorghum. Sorghum midge
caused heavy damage to sorghum in Garvin and Custer Counties, OKLAHOMA, but
caused no problems on this crop in KANSAS. Sorghum midge required fewer treat-—
ments and caused less loss to sorghum in ARKANSAS during 1968 than in 1967,
Treatment was required on some early sorghum in the southwestern area in June

and July, but late sorghum was not affected. The pest was found in the extreme
northeastern area of Arkansas in 1968,

GRASS THRIPS (Anaphothrips obscurus) was heavier on field corn in DELAWARE than
in previous years. Injury was heavy in Kent and Sussex Counties during late May
and early June. This pest averaged up to 50 per corn plant in southeastern
PENNSYLVANIA during late June. Populations soon decreased, however, and no
serious damage was evident.

BANKS GRASS MITE (Oligonychus pratensis) infested lower leaves of field corn in
Twin Falls and Lincoln Counties, IDAHO, in early August. Populations on corn in
eastern COLORADO required controls and controls were applied to corn in the
Mitchell Valley in the panhandle area of NEBRASKA where several fields were
damaged. Banks grass mite and other spider mites were medium and widespread on
grain sorghum in the lower Rio Grande Valley of TEXAS in mid-August. Light to
heavy populations of O. pratensis were detected in some southwestern counties
during August and some controls were applied in the Trans-Pecos area of Texas.

=) SOF i—

TWO-SPOTTED SPIDER MITE (Tetranychus urticae) was prevalent and damaging to some
corn plantings in CALIFORNIA. Oligonychus Sp. and/or Tetranychus sp. populations
became noticeable on silage corn in NEVADA in mid-July, built up rapidly in early
August, and ranged medium to heavy in August and September in Churchill and
Pershing Counties. Treatments were required, but infestations and damage were
below those of past years. Light populations of spider mites were first noted on
corn in southeastern WYOMING on July 25. Numbers increased until mid-August and
then declined. Some controls were applied. In NEBRASKA Tetranychus spp. were
noneconomic with a few locally serious infestations on corn in northeastern,
eastern, and central areas.

GARDEN SYMPHYLAN (Scutigerella immaculata) was first reported on field corn in
OHIO the second week of May and incidences were reported through July. This pest
caused more damage to row crops in the Willamette Valley of OREGON than had been
observed the past few years.

GRAY GARDEN SLUG (Deroceras reticulatum) damaged corn in Marion County, OREGON.
Damage to field corn by Deroceras Spp. was first reported in central OHIO the

third week of May. Damage by these slugs continued severe on young field corn
through early July. From mid-June until July slugs were the most prominent and
damaging pests of corn in the State. Most damage occurred where sod had been
plowed under and where tillage was minimal. Much damage to sweet corn by these
pests was reported. Continued damp soil conditions during spring and early

summer in Ohio favored heavy Slug populations. Slugs were severe in many sod-
planted fields of corn in the VIRGINIA highlands and several fields were replanted,

SMALL GRAINS
Highlights:

PALE WESTERN CUTWORM caused severe damage to wheat in Several grain-producing
States. Fall flights were heavy in southwestern Kansas and the heaviest ever
recorded in western Nebraska. A Severe outbreak is predicted in 1969 for the
southwestern area and southern panhandle counties of Nebraska. ENGLISH GRAIN APHID
damaged small grains in Alabama and Texas. SAY STINK BUG was heavy on small
grains locally in Nevada and caused moderate damage in western Colorado,
WIREWORMS damaged small grains in some areas. GREAT BASIN WIREWORM was more
abundant than in many years in Oregon. HESSIAN FLY was moderate in Ohio and
infestations were the lowest in 13 years in Illinois and generally lighter than
in 1967 in Kansas. BROWN WHEAT MITE was damaging to small grains in Texas,
Oklahoma, and Utah and heavy populations developed in western and central Kansas
in spring. WINTER GRAIN MITE required some controls in central Texas in early
January.

PALE WESTERN CUTWORM (Agrotis orthogonia) severely damaged dryland wheat in Texas
County, OKLAHOMA, in April and early May. Larvae severely damaged many wheat-—
fields in west-central and southwestern KANSAS in April and May. Several fields
were abandoned because of cutworm damage and drought. Thousands of moths were
collected in light traps in Finney and Stevens Counties in September and October,
Damaging numbers infested wheat in southwestern NEBRASKA as well as southwestern
yanhandle counties in that State. On April 3-4, half-grown larvae ranged 1-10
per row foot in Dundy, Chase, and Perkins Counties; the heaviest counts, 1-13 per
row foot, occurred in the panhandle, Damage continued until the end of May.

Fall flights were the largest ever recorded. A severe outbreak is predicted in
1969 for the southwestern tier of counties and the southern panhandle, Larvae
damaged winter wheat over extensive areas of SOUTH DAKOTA in the spring and
infested grain in Wibaux, Lewis and Clark, Yellowstone, Daniels, Teton, Phillips,
Pondera, Valley, Liberty, Judith Basin, and Toole Counties, MONTANA. In WYOMING
larvae damaged many wheatfields in the southeastern area during late April and

- 140 -

May. Counts averaged up to 8 per square foot in the more heavily infested
fields. Some controls were applied; replanting was required in scattered
localities. Injury in UTAH was uncommon,

ENGLISH GRAIN APHID (Macrosiphum avenae) occurred in damaging numbers on heads of
developing wheat in many fields of Mobile, Baldwin, and other southern ALABAMA
counties. This aphid was noneconomic in ARKANSAS but damaged small grains in
TEXAS, In OKLAHOMA light numbers (up to 20 per foot) infested wheat from early
February to mid-April and during December, Low populations during spring and
fall caused no damage in KANSAS, In OHIO English grain aphid did not build up
to economic levels on small grains. During May and June, 10-393 per 50 sweeps
infested wheat and oats in northwestern and north-central areas. Populations
peaked during the first half of June on wheat and oats in central and northern
INDIANA; aphids ranged 5-30 per plant. Although populations were noticeably
higher than previous years, little damage occurred. Counts in the southern third
of ILLINOIS averaged 6.4 per sweep with a high of 50 per Sweep in western areas,
Damage waS not economic. Light numbers caused no damage in IOWA. Migrants
entered MINNESOTA in early April. Moderate numbers caused no observed damage to
field crops. The principal migration into SOUTH DAKOTA occurred about May 10-12,
the same time as in 1967. This aphid was rarely encountered in MONTANA in 1968,
compared with the large numbers of 1967. Light numbers infested small grains in
UTAH. Light populations were scattered on barley in Mohave and 5 southern
counties of ARIZONA from mid-March to mid-April. English grain aphid infested
barley and oats at various locations in CALIFORNIA. Overwintering survival in
OREGON was very high on cereals, particularly wheat, in the Willamette Valley.

In late April alatae began migrating to spring barley. Populations were never
high and the incidence of barley yellow dwarf virus was low and very spotted.

APPLE GRAIN APHID (Rhopalosiphum fitchii) damaged small grains in TEXAS, but
populations were low during Spring and fall in KANSAS and caused no damage to
grains. Infestations were also light on small grains in UTAH. Another APHID
(Rhopalosiphum padi) infested small grains in OKLAHOMA from mid-January through
April. Populations ranged medium to heavy in many fields in the western two-thirds
of the State during the last half of April. Populations were again light on
small grains in the western third of Oklahoma in November and December. R. padi
populations were high (10-20 per root system) on winter wheat infested with
Schizaphis graminum (greenbug) in eastern Pennington County, SOUTH DAKOTA, during
November, R. padi populations were very high on winter cereals, particularly
wheat, in the Willamette Valley of OREGON. Alatae migrated to spring barley in
late April. Populations were not high and the incidence of barley yellow dwarf
virus was low and very spotted.

SAY STINK BUG (Pitedia sayi) was heavy and localized in NEVADA on barley in
Clark County in Mdy and on wheat in Humboldt County in July. Although populations
were generally light in UTAH, this pest damaged about 4,000 acres of wheat. Say
stink bug and CONCHUELA (P. ligata) caused moderate losses to small grains in
Mesa County on the Western Slope of COLORADO before controls could be applied.

BARLEY THRIPS (Limothrips denticornis) had migrated into early planted barley and
entered leaf sheaths by June 14 in NORTH DAKOTA. Numbers were economic in most
eastern counties; in the northeastern area 3 or more per plant infested approxi-
mately 30 percent of early barley fields. By July 19, up to 20 percent damage
appeared,

WIREWORMS caused the usual damage in UTAH, Wireworms, mostly GREAT BASIN WIREWORM
(Ctenicera pruinina) damaged winter wheat stands in Clearwater, Lewis, and Nez
Perce Counties, IDAHO. Great Basin wireworm was more abundant than observed in
many years in OREGON and caused significant damage to spring and fall-seeded
grains in the Columbia Basin counties. A wireworm probably Ctenicera sp.

damaged 30 percent of the winter wheat at Uniontown, Whitman County, WASHINGTON,
in March. Wireworm infestations in MONTANA damaged much grain in Liberty, Carter,
Fallon, Missoula, Choteau, Pondera, Teton, Daniels, Sheridan, and Carbon Counties,

A

Wireworms were damaging in Scattered locations throughout NORTH DAKOTA. Damage
ranged as high as 35 percent in some small grain fields. Many fields were
replanted. Wireworms damaged small grains in Red Lake, Todd, and eastern
Marshall Counties, MINNESOTA, Nearly all problems occurred on soil bank land and
on land that had been idle for Several years. Reduction of stands ranged from
light to heavy.

RICE WATER WEEVIL (Lissorhoptrus oryzophilus) increased in importance and showed
some spread in CALIFORNIA, This pest infested all rice-growing areas in ARKANSAS
and control was universal and automatic.

HESSIAN FLY (Mayetiola destructor) infested an average of 20.6 percent of the
stems in OHIO during July. Loss was estimated at 1,163,580 bushels of wheat,

In MICHIGAN it was of minor importance on wheat. Weather and close observation
of the Hessian fly free planting date contributed toward holding the pest in
check, In INDIANA average infestations by Race B in Monon, Redcoat, Reed,
Riley, and Riley 67 wheat varieties were less than in 1967. These wheat varie-
ties had an average infestation of 1.5 percent while the Race B resistant wheat
varieties Knox 62 and Benhur had an average infestation of 0.3 percent. Infes-
tations continued to be heaviest in the southwestern district. Hessian fly
populations of 2 per 100 tillers were the lowest in ILLINOIS in 13 years except
for 1965 when the average was also 2 per 100 tillers. The 1967 count Showed 5
per 100 tillers. This pest was generally lighter in 1968 than in 1967 in KANSAS.
Resistant wheat varieties in the Severely infested areas held populations down.
Spring and fall broods caused severe damage only in localized areas, Total loss
is placed at about $350,000. Populations in NEBRASKA were generally low state-
wide. The highest levels were found in the eastern (4.3 percent of stems
infested) and south-central (1.9 percent of stems infested) areas. Total crop
loss was estimated at 171,050 bushels. In MONTANA light and scattered Hessian
fly infestations were reported in 8 counties,

WHEAT STEM MAGGOT (Meromyza americana) damaged small grains in TEXAS. White

heads of wheat, oats, barley, and rye were very common throughout MINNESOTA,

Highest infestations were found in the central and west-central districts and
ranged from 2 to 5 percent.”

WHEAT STEM SAWFLY (Cephus cinctus) cut up to 19.8 (average 1.3) percent of the
stems in 70 percent of the small grain fields in 19 western counties of NORTH
DAKOTA, Cutting was most severe (average 4.6 percent) in McHenry County.

Larvae infested wheat in 24 MONTANA counties. Infestations were reported in all
northern counties, except Lincoln and Flathead, and in all the most eastern
counties, Infestations were also reported in McCone, Dawson, Mineral, Pondera,
Teton, Choteau, Golden Valley, Musselshell, Treasure, and Rosebud Counties,

BROWN WHEAT MITE (Petrobia latens) was heavy on dryland wheat in Hansford and
Sherman Counties, TEXAS, in mid-April. This pest appeared on small grains in
OKLAHOMA in early March and caused some damage in the north-central area in
early April and in the northwestern area in early May. Light fall populations
were present in the northwestern area in early November, Because of a mild dry
spring in KANSAS, heavy brown wheat mite populations built up in many western
and central areas in March and April. Mites combined with drought caused much
damage in isolated fields. In COLORADO this mite was found in scattered areas
and controls were applied. Brown wheat mite damaged several thousand acres of
dryland wheat in San Juan County, UTAH. Smaller areas were affected elsewhere
in the State. This mite was generally light throughout the season in south-
eastern WYOMING. In MONTANA, brown wheat mite was noted in Cascade County and
infested grains in Liberty and Hill Counties.

WINTER GRAIN MITE (Penthaleus major) damage was heavy in central TEXAS and in
Stephens County during early January. Some control was applied in isolated
areas, During mid-January cold weather depressed activity in the north-central
area. This pest infested small grains in the western two-thirds of OKLAHOMA
from mid-January to late April. During late March and early April the heaviest

- 142 -

numbers occurred in the southwestern and north-central areas. Light to moderate
numbers were noted in southwestern, northwestern, and north-central areas during
late November and December. Winter grain mite caused little concern in KANSAS.
In CALIFORNIA infestations were reported on wheat in Siskiyou County and on
barley in Fresno County.

TURF, PASTURES, RANGELAND

_——)

Highlights:

CHINCH BUG was Serious on St. Augustine grass lawns in Alabama and SOUTHERN
CHINCH BUG was a major problem on this host throughout Florida. TWO-LINED
SPITTLEBUG was a problem on Bermuda grass in Alabama and on Pangola grass and
St. Augustine grass in Florida. RHODES-GRASS SCALE was a major problem on
Tifgreen Bermuda grass in west coast areas of Florida. BILLBUGS and WHITE GRUBS
were problems in some areas. BUFFALO GRASS WEBWORM was less damaging generally
in Kansas than in 1967. SAGEBRUSH DEFOLIATOR is increasing in southern Idaho,
BERMUDAGRASS MITE was more severe in Florida than any time since it was first
recognized aS a problem 6 years ago.

CHINCH BUG (Blissus leucopterus) was a serious pest of St. Augustine grass lawns
in central and southern ALABAMA. Due to the damage caused by this pest and the
difficulty with controls, many homeowners in the State are replacing St. Augustine
grass with other grasses. Chinch bug damaged some lawns in south-central and
southeastern OKLAHOMA and was common on turf in RHODE ISLAND,

SOUTHERN CHINCH BUG (Blissus insularis) was a major problem on St. Augustine
grass lawns throughout FLORIDA. This pest has become a problem on commercially
grown St. Augustine grass during the past 2 or 3 years in the muck soil area of
southern Florida. Controls are now necessary 2 or 3 times a year. This pest
was heavy in central TEXAS late in the year. Activity early in the year was
limited by wet weather. Southern chinch bug was taken for the first time on
St. Augustine grass in Los Angeles County, CALIFORNIA.

FALSE CHINCH BUG (Nysius ericae) built up on mustards, Russian-thistle, and other
plants in range areas of UTAH and caused local but minor damage to pastures.
This lygaeid bug caused some damage in TEXAS.

TWO-LINED SPITTLEBUG (Prosapia bicincta) was present throughout ALABAMA in early
spring. Most problems developed on Coastal Bermuda grass in central and southern
areas and on lawn grasses in southeastern and southwestern areas of the State.
Populations were much lighter than in 1965 and about the Same as in 1966 and 1967.
Two-lined spittlebug waS numerous on pastures of Pangola grass and St. Augustine
grass in FLORIDA, primarily in the Everglades area. Damage was less than in 1967,
possibly due to heavier rainfall in 1968. Although this spittlebug damaged these
grasses from mid-June to mid-September, infestations occurred from April 24 to
December 3.

SAY STINK BUG (Pitedia sSsayi) was very heavy on rangeland hosts in northwestern
and southeastern NEVADA during April and early May, but heavy infestations did
not develop on cultivated crops except in a few areas. Large populations of
this stink bug were seldom found on rangeland in UTAH,

YELLOW SUGARCANE APHID (Sipha flava) damaged pasture grasses in the Moore Haven,
Okeechobee, and Lake Worth areas of FLORIDA in October and November. Unseason-
ably high populations occurred on experimental plantings of Chloris and Setaria
in the Fort Pierce area in October.

- 143 -

RHODES-GRASS SCALE (Antonina graminis) was a major problem on Tifgreen Bermuda
grass in the Sarasota, Bradenton, Palmetto, and Tampa areas of FLORIDA. Popula-
tions were heavy on several acres of sod in Broward County in early October.
This pest occurred on Several varieties of Bermuda grass and on St. Augustine
grass in lawns from January to September in the Salt River Valley in Maricopa
County, ARIZONA. Rhodes-grass scale infested grass in San Diego County and was
reported for the first time in Kern County, CALIFORNIA. Nymphs of a MEALYBUG
(Chorizococcus rostellum) occurred inside the sheaths of Bermuda grass in Yuma
County, ARIZONA, during mid-February and increased in late March. Populations
were moderate at Gila and Roll during mid-May and heavy in September. Controls
were applied. Also in Arizona, Heterococcus sp. infested Bermuda grass seed
fields on little Arizona Island adjacent to the Colorado River in Yuma County
during May and September. Treatments gave excellent control. Another MEALYBUG
(Heterococcus pulverarius) caused medium damage to timothy in Lyon County, NEVADA,
in June. This was a new State record.

A GROUND PEARL (Margarodes meridionalis) was heavy and damaged Tifgreen Bermuda
grass lawns in the Las Cruces area of Dona Ana County, NEW MEXICO. Control was
very difficult. All stages of this ground pearl infested Bermuda grass lawns in
ARIZONA, The pest was most damaging to the Tifgreen variety used on golf courses
in Maricopa and Pima Counties, and was most active from February through
September. Also in Arizona, an ARMORED SCALE (Chortinaspis subchortina) that
infested St. Augustine grass in Maricopa County in November 1967 was reported as
a new State record in 1968.

A CICADA (Platypedia putnami) damaged sagebrush in Cassia, Power, and Bannock
Counties, IDAHO, from mid-May to mid-June, Adults oviposited on smaller branches
of native juniper south of Pocatello. This cicada also damaged some ornamental
plantings. Other cicadas, Platypedia areolata and Okanagana spp., were very
abundant on rangeland in Baker, Deschutes, Lake, and Wheeler Counties, OREGON.

A WHITEFLY (Aleurocybotus occiduus) necessitated controls on Bermuda grass seed
fields in the Yuma area of Yuma County, ARIZONA,

GRASS THRIPS (Anaphothrips obscurus) populations increased to damaging levels in
NEVADA and required controls in Lyon County in May and in Douglas County in June,
Chirothrips spp. required treatments on Bermuda grass seed fields in the Yuma and
Roll areas of Yuma County, ARIZONA, in May, June, and September.

BILLBUGS (Sphenophorus spp.) were of some concern in 1968. S, chittendeni
infested Bahia grass at Ruskin in Hillsborough County, FLORIDA. This billbug
severely damaged 2,000 acres of Bahia grass near Arcadia,De Soto County. This
problem was closely associated with dry weather. S. venatus vestitus caused less
damage to zoySia grass in KANSAS, due partly to control efforts in 1967. S.
venatus vestitus infested a golf course in San Bernardino County, CALIFORNIA, for
a new State record. It was later found in Los Angeles County for a new county
record. S. venatus confluens increased in importance as a pest of orchard
grasses, particularly Dactylis glomerata, in the Willamette Valley of OREGON,
with heaviest populations in Benton County. Damage was most noticeable in fields
3 years old or older. Adults began feeding in March and by April averaged 2-3
per square yard in test plots. Egg laying began in May and the first pupae were
found in early August. Adults emerged by mid-August. In October’ some late
larvae were found infected with a fungus Beauveria sp. BLUEGRASS BILLBUG

(S. parvulus) damaged turf and lawns in Salt Lake County, UTAH.

WHITE GRUBS were heavy in several pastures in the Belle Glade area of Palm Beach
County, FLORIDA. Large grubs ranged up to 12 per square foot and roots were
severely damaged. Phyllophaga spp. larvae continued damaging in MICHIGAN on
cultivated lands infested with quackgrass. The worst infestations of the grubs
occurred near woodlots containing oaks and other tree hosts preferred by the
adults. Damage by Phyllophaga spp. larvae to lawns, golf courses, and pastures
was reported more frequently in KANSAS. These pests severely damaged pastures

and rangeland in northwestern and north-central counties in NEBRASKA. Unspecified

- 144 -

white grubs damaged many home lawns in UTAH, but damage in pastures was scattered,
Phyllophaga spp. larvae damaged lawns at 12 scattered locations in MONTANA,

FALL ARMYWORM (Spodoptera frugiperda) was a serious problem on golf greens of
Tifgreen Bermuda grass in FLORIDA from March to December. The problem was most
serious in the southern part of the State where populations peaked in July and
August. Controls were difficult. Fall armyworm was the principal armyworm that
damaged turf in northeastern Florida, where many lawns were seriously damaged in
late summer,

BUFFALO GRASS WEBWORM (Surratha indentella) larvae caused less damage in most
infested areas of KANSAS in 1968. This was partly due to control efforts during
1967. In new areas of infestation, damage by this pest was at least as Severe as
last year.

BLUEGRASS WEBWORM (Crambus teterrellus) caused more damage in eastern KANSAS than
in 1967. Other SOD WEBWORMS (Crambus spp.) damaged lawns in Scotts Bluff,
Buffalo, and Washington Counties, NEBRASKA, in mid-April. Population levels in
these areas were about the same as last year. Unspecified sod webworms caused
minor damage to pastures locally in UTAH. Sod webworms were of Some concern in
the eastern part of the Nation. Crambus spp. continued to be a problem on turf
grasses in FLORIDA. Damage by these pests was scattered in TENNESSEE, Popula-
tions were locally heavy in central and eastern areas of the State in June and
July. By mid-July, adult flights of Crambus teterrellus, C. trisectus, and

C. mutabilis peaked in Knox and Blount Counties. Infestations of unspecified sod
webworms in lawns continued to be an increasing problem in DELAWARE, especially
in the northern area. Crambus spp. adults were active in RHODE ISLAND by mid-
August.

GREAT BASIN TENT CATERPILLAR (Malacosoma fragile) was again very heavy on bitter-
brush in Klamath County, OREGON. Larvae damaged over 2,000 acres of bitterbrush
on the better range areas in the mountains of Sevier County, UTAH. Also in Utah,
FOREST TENT CATERPILLAR (M. disstria) caused spotty damage in northern and
central area canyons and mountains.

SAGEBRUSH DEFOLIATOR (Aroga websteri) has been low in IDAHO for the past 3 to 4
years, Moth populations are building up in several southern areas of the State.
During 1968 larval populations were sufficiently high to defoliate sagebrush
near Kimama in Lincoln County and in the Salmon River Canyon between Challis in
Custer County and Salmon in Lemhi County in mid-June, WESTERN TUSSOCK MOTH
(Hemerocampa vetusta) caused light to heavy damage on bitterbrush in Douglas,
Ormsby, and southern Washoe Counties, NEVADA, Damage was heaviest in Douglas and
Washoe Counties. A HESPERIID MOTH (Atalopedes campestris) was heavy in Caldwell
and De Witt Counties, TEXAS, during mid-July and caused much damage to grasses,

WESTERN HARVESTER ANT (Pogonomyrmex occidentalis) kept several thousand acres of
rangeland bare in UTAH. CRAZY ANT (Paratrechina longicornis) occurred for the
first time on Kikuyu grass in San Diego, CALIFORNIA,

BERMUDAGRASS MITE (Aceria neocynodonis) was more severe in FLORIDA than any time
since it was recognized as a problem in the State 6 years ago. This mite was a
problem statewide in 1968, but was most severe on sandy soils in the southern
area and on coarse-bladed varieties of Bermuda grass. Some grass was killed.
Controls had to be applied 3 times on some golf courses. Bermudagrass mite was
damaging in TEXAS, but was reported only from Tulsa County, OKLAHOMA, in mid-June.
This mite extended its range on Bermuda grass in CALIFORNIA,

CLOVER MITE (Bryobia praetiosa) caused problems on many home lawns in UTAH in
1968. BANKS GRASS MITE (Oligonychus pratensis) and BROWN WHEAT MITE (Petrobia
latens) were damaging and required controls in Lyon County, NEVADA, in May.

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VOL. 19 No. 10 March 7, 1969

Coope zative

ECONOMIC INSECT
REPORT

HSO
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MAR 13 1969
LIBRARIES

at Na bel by

PLANT PEST CONTROL DIVISION
AGRICULTURAL RESEARCH SERVICE

UNITED STATES DEPARTMENT OF AGRICULTURE

AGRICULTURAL RESEARCH SERVICE

PLANT PEST CONTROL DIVISION

SURVEY AND DETECTION OPERATIONS

The Cooperative Economic Insect Report is issued
weekly as a service to American Agriculture. its contents
are compiled from information supplied by cooperating State,
Federal, and industrial entomologists and other agricultural
workers. In releasing this material the Division serves as
a clearing house and doesnot assume responsibility for ac-
curacy of the material.

All reports and inquiries pertaining to this release,
including the mailing list, should be sent to;

Survey and Detection Operations
Plant Pest Control Division
Agricultural Research Service
United States Department of Agriculture
Federal Center Building
Hyattsville, Maryland 20782

Volume 19 March 7, 1969 Number 10
COOPERATIVE ECONOMIC INSECT REPORT

HIGHLIGHTS

Current Conditions
ARMY CUTWORM destroying young alfalfa in Blaine County, Oklahoma. SPOTTED
ALFALFA APHID and PEA APHID increasing in alfalfa in Chaves County, New Mexico.
EGYPTIAN ALFALFA WEEVIL heavy on alfalfa in southwest Arizona, (p. 147).
SOUTHERN PINE BEETLE recorded for first time in Arkansas since 1913. (ps 149).
SHEEP KED heavy on Sheep in Trans-Pecos area of Texas. @ 149);
EAR TICK numerous on cattle in Sequoyah County, Oklahoma, (@p.+ 150):
CITRUS BLACKFLY found for the first time since 1966 in Matamoros, Mexico,
(p. 150).
Detection
A EULOPHID WASP reported for first time in Hawaii. This is a new Western
Hemisphere record but the species is not known to occur in the continental
United States. (p. 152).
An APHID reported for first time in Maryland. (p. 151),

For new county records see page 151,

Predictions
ALFALFA WEEVIL expected to be more of a problem in Michigan in 1969, Larval
populations may again be lower in Maryland. (p. 153).
Special Reports
Winter Moth Survey in Maine. (p. 151).
Summary of Insect Conditions in the United States - 1968
Forage Legumes (pp. 153-161).
Soybeans (pp. 161-163).
Peanuts (pp. 163-164).
Cotton (pp. 164-167).
Tobacco (pp. 167-168) ,
Spread of Alfalfa Weevil, 1904-1968 (p. 154).

Distribution of Alfalfa Weevil (p. 156),

Reports in this issue are for week ending February 28 unless otherwise indicated.

- 145 -

- 146 -

CONTENTS
Special Insects of: Regional Silgniifacancer nisi os lise cisictelese vic © © ole ols viele siecle s cee phat

Insects Affecting

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Small Grads rete ccceteelereys«lollews sy eireyal ever oteleal Sma GE GUA Siw.) clei elle oie! sieieis ie slelieteer Le
Morag ee SUMES |. co cccreeieiersl ciclslenslersrovehereore eds OLNAMENT AMS esi leleller allsra elie sllevereter se eo
Colle *CropSiine vcs sera tele ooh teem Lad Forest and Shade Trees........149
General VegetablesS.........00e00+2-148 Man and@Anamalisin sieccr cis cre oreietsl eee
Deciduous Fruits and Nuts..........148 Stored, ProductsS.s ...<ie08 wees 50

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Federal and State Plant: Protection: Programs ais 2% oak «ise eieoiles » eee ies isl fale ate OO,
Winter Moth) SurveySin Maine . seal c bG 0 hisere ww iwilanie: y(Siietei el ayer! « foilee Leila aris falc (witeyie felrol els eked emenLaoels
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Corre bions 2 wis «wee ieislaia eis oles cteie4a dis ove le oie) oWeite].oue ole relle elle viene) sTeHeie «tare ite) elle qatagerelietseetet eR OL
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Summary of Insect Conditions in the United States - 1968

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Cottonerirenisnkcrcrste aeliai anal a uoliaisi arava ouciaauelleitewstbat acne oeronene cone leverenelanerctelenen sds ees .ccajieleueceteteere lod
ODAC CO ievenencusvalevshere ofedsvoleisioietetersieneus bia lorie, witarvensiro acaba wtaretiome iolle Canemaiay avahe reueio bees nec u AR RRC CIa

Spread of Alfalfa Weevil, 1904-1968. (map) joi: ct 010 oc wie. wes ees oes cleee see eho

Distribution of Alfalfa Weevil’ (map) ) c's aievclcre eis elie creceielaie. ove oloiiereia’ site| lste cuslcnereneneneianenl OO

WEATHER BUREAU'S 30-DAY OUTLOOK
MARCH 1969

The Weather Bureau's 30-day outlook for March 1969 is for temperatures to aver-
age below seasonal normals over the southeastern third of the Nation, as well as
over the northern Rockies and California. Above normal temperatures are expected
over the northern Mississippi Valley, the upper Lakes region, and northern New
England. Near normal temperatures are in prospect elsewhere. Precipitation is
expected to exceed normal over the Southeast, most of California and the Great
Basin, and portions of the northern Plains. Subnormal totals are in prospect
over the northern Mississippi Valley and Great Lakes, as well as the western part
of the southern Plains. Near normal totals are indicated in unspecified areas.

Weather forecast given here is based on the official 30-day "Resume and Outlook"
published twice a month by the Weather Bureau. You can subscribe through the
Superintendent of Documents, Washington, D.C. 20250. Price $5.00 a year.

Weather continued on page 168.

=" 1475 —

SPECIAL INSECTS OF REGIONAL SIGNIFICANCE

ARMY CUTWORM (Chorizagrotis auxiliaris) - KANSAS - None found in wheat in McPherson
Reno, Kingman, and Harvey Counties. No activity of this or Agrotis orthogonia
(pale western cutworm) reported from western area. (DePew). OKLAHOMA - Destroy-
ing young alfalfa in Canton area, Blaine County. Counts up to 7 per 10 linear

feet continue in wheat in favorable areas of Payne County. (Okla. Coop. Sur.).

GREENBUG (Schizaphis graminum) - TENNESSEE - Light, averaged 5 per 100 sweeps, in
Chester County wheat. (Turpen). ARKANSAS - Populations low, but higher than any
time this winter in northwest area. Ranged 10-15 per 100 sweeps in oats in
Washington County. (Boyer). KANSAS - None found in wheat in McPherson, Reno,
Kingman, and Harvey Counties. No activity from western area. (DePew).

OKLAHOMA - Ranged 0-14 per linear foot in wheat in Kiowa County. In Jackson
County, remains up to 100 per linear foot. (Okla. Coop. Sur.). TEXAS - Activity
about same level as previous week in northern panhandle area. Very heavy in
scattered areas in counties south and east of Amarillo. [In Rolling Plains area
small grains growing, damage declining. Decline accredited to increased growth
of small grain. (Almand, Daniels, et al.). NEW MEXICO - Ranged 5-25 per linear
row foot in barley in Chaves County; averaged 100+ per linear row foot in 2
fields. (Mathews, Feb. 21).

SPOTTED ALFALFA APHID (Therioaphis maculata) - ARIZONA - Generally light in
alfalfa in Salt River Valley, Maricopa County. One field at Yuma required treat-
ment. (Ariz. Coop. Sur.). NEW MEXICO - This species and Acyrthosiphon pisum
(pea aphid) increasing in Chaves County alfalfa. T. maculata averaged 10-65 per
square foot previous week. (Mathews). a

CORN, SORGHUM, SUGARCANE

SOUTHWESTERN CORN BORER (Diatraea grandiosella) - MISSOURI - Larval counts from
cornstalks in 2 fields in New Madrid County; 75 live, 77 dead in first field;
45 live, 24 dead in second field. -None found in 363 girdled stalks from 6
fields in southwest area. (Munson).

SMALL GRAINS

ENGLISH GRAIN APHID (Macrosiphum avenae) - ARKANSAS - Increasing in oats in
Washington County; ranged 40-50 per Sweep. (Boyer).

CORN LEAF APHID (Rhopalosiphum maidis) - ARIZONA - Averaged 12 per barley plant
in most nontreated fields in Yuma, Yuma County. (Ariz. Coop. Sur.).

FORAGE LEGUMES

EGYPTIAN ALFALFA WEEVIL (Hypera brunneipennis) - ARIZONA - Ranged 50-250 larvae
per 100 sweeps in alfalfa in Salt River Valley, Maricopa County. Treatments
applied to some fields. Heavy in uncut hay on Yuma Mesa and averaged 120 per
100 sweeps in Gila Valley, Yuma County. (Ariz. Coop. Sur.).

PEA APHID (Acyrthosiphon pisum) - ARIZONA - Averaged 3,000 per 100 sweeps in
alfalfa at Yuma, Yuma County. (Ariz. Coop. Sur.). NEW MEXICO - Ranged 5-25 per
square foot in Chaves County alfalfa. Some control being undertaken. (Mathews,
Feb. 21). ARKANSAS - No increase noted in northwest area. Ranged 2-5 per square
foot in vetch. No growth in alfalfa to date. (Boyer).

LYGUS BUGS (Lygus spp.) - ARIZONA - Averaged 15 adults per 100 sweeps of alfalfa
at Yuma, Yuma County. (Ariz. Coop. Sur.).

- 148 -

COLE CROPS

DIAMONDBACK MOTH (Plutella xylostella) - FLORIDA - Damage moderate in untreated
cabbage in experimental plots at Sanford, Seminole County; infestation about 25
percent. No apparent damage in treated commercial fields. Determined by G.L.
Greene. (Greene, Feb. 24).

CABBAGE LOOPER (Trichoplusia ni) - FLORIDA - Extremely low on cabbage in Sanford
area, Seminole County; 1 larva on 200 plants in unsprayed experimental plots. No
apparent damage in commercial plantings. Determined by G.L. Greene. (Greene,
Feb. 24).

CABBAGE APHID (Brevicoryne brassicae) - FLORIDA - Damage moderate to untreated
cabbage in experimental plots at Sanford, Seminole County; about 25 percent
infested. No apparent damage to commercial cabbage, except in one field. Deter-
mined by G.L. Greene. (Greene, Feb. 24).

GENERAL VEGETABLES
A SPOTTED CUCUMBER BEETLE (Diabrotica undecimpunctata tenella) - NEW MEXICO -

Caused spotted damage on seedling lettuce plants in Dona Ana County. Some fields
treated. (Campbell).

DECIDUOUS FRUITS AND NUTS

PEACH TREE BORER (Sanninoidea exitiosa) - TEXAS - Detected in Tarrant and Parker
Counties. One of most damaging pests of peach in eastern part of State. (Turney,
Boring).

BROWN STINK BUG (Euschistus servus) - ARIZONA - Adults appearing on deciduous
fruit trees in Salt River Valley, Maricopa County. (Ariz. Coop. Sur.).

PEAR PSYLLA (Psylla pyricola) - OREGON - Overwintering adults first noted in Hood
River Valley, Hood River County, February 22. No oviposition to date; eggs from
dissected females undeveloped. (Zwick).

CITRUS

CALIFORNIA RED SCALE (Aonidiella aurantii) - CALIFORNIA - Medium on orange trees
in Bakersfield, Kern County. (Black).

CITRUS RED MITE (Panonychus citri) - ARIZONA - Treatments to begin in groves at
Yuma, Yuma County. (Ariz. Coop. Sur.).
SMALL FRUITS

SAN JOSE SCALE (Aspidiotus perniciosus) - CALIFORNIA - Heavy on 10 acres of grape-
vines in Empire, Stanislaus County. (Cal. Coop. Rpt.).

- 149 -

ORNAMENTALS

AN ARMORED SCALE (Parlatoria proteus) - FLORIDA - All stages localized on 1 of 5
viburnum plants at nursery in Mt. Dora, Lake County. Collected by W.P.
Henderson, February 6, 1969. This is a new Florida Department of Plant Industry
host record. (Fla. Coop. Sur.).

PINEAPPLE SCALE (Diaspis bromeliae) - CALIFORNIA -— Medium on Pineapple plants in
a nursery in Kenwood, Sonoma County. (Cal. Coop. Rpt.).

GRAPE SCALE (Diaspidiotus uvae) - VIRGINIA - This species and Chionaspis parkii
(an armored scale) infested about 10-15 percent of sycamore trees in nursery at
Portsmouth, Norfolk County. (Pierce, Weidhaas, Feb. 14),

FOREST AND SHADE TREES

SOUTHERN PINE BEETLE ‘(Dendroctonus frontalis) - ARKANSAS - Detection flights made

in Ashley County, February 24, 1969. Sixteen spots of dead timber observed.
First record of this species in State since 1913. (Warren).

CALIFORNIA OAKWORM (Phryganidia californica) - CALIFORNIA - Larvae medium on oak
nursery stock in Salinas, Monterey County. (Cal. Coop. Rpt.).

AN APHID (Cinara pilicornis) - MARYLAND - Found on hemlock near Glen Burnie, Anne
Arundel County, May 22, 1968. This is a new State record. Heavy on spruce at a
home in Baltimore, Baltimore County, May 23, 1968. This is a new county record.
Both collections by C.W. McComb. Determinations by J.P. Pepper. (U. Md., Ent.
Dept.). ;

MAN AND ANIMALS

SCREW-WORM (Cochliomyia hominivorax) - Four cases reported in U.S. February 23-
March 1 as follows: TEXAS - Bee 3, Maverick 1. Total of 72 cases reported in
portion of Barrier Zone in Republic of Mexico February 17-22, as follows:
Territorio sur de Baja California 13, Sonora 23, Chihuahua 2, Coahuila 1, Nuevo
Leon 7, Tamaulipas 26, Total of 6 cases reported in Mexico south of Barrier
Zone. Barrier Zone is area where eradication operation underway to prevent
establishment of self-sustaining population in U.S. Sterile screw-worm flies
released: Texas 22,668,000; Mexico 56,360,000. (Anim. Health Div.).

COMMON CATTLE GRUB (Hypoderma lineatum) - OKLAHOMA - Ranged 0-8 per head (averaged
1.5) on cattle in Payne County. (Okla. Coop. Sur.).

A NOSE BOT FLY (Cephenemyia jellisoni) - OKLAHOMA - Adult noted on deer in
Cherokee County. (Okla. Coop. Sur.).

A CUTEREBRID FLY (Cuterebra sp.) - GEORGIA - Larva removed from man's leg at
Carnesville, Franklin County, August 22, 1968. Collected by R. Sullivan.
Determined by C.W. Sabrosky. (Coleman, Feb. 29).

SHEEP KED (Melophagus ovinus) - TEXAS - Heavy on sheep in many Trans-Pecos area
counties. Neeb).

LONE STAR TICK (Amblyomma americanum) - OKLAHOMA - Light on cattle in Choctaw and
Sequoyah Counties and on dogs in Cherokee County. About 100 on a red fox in Mayes
County. (Okla. Coop. Sur.).

- 150 -

EAR TICK (Otobius megnini) - OKLAHOMA - Infested 750-1,000 cattle on 6 farms in
Vian area, Sequoyah County. Ranged 10-45 per ear on 4 yearlings. (Okla. Coop.
Sur.).

STORED PRODUCTS

CONFUSED FLOUR BEETLE (Tribolium confusum) - IOWA - Infested bulk ground feed at
Bancroft, Kossuth County. (Iowa Ins. Sur.).

A TINEID MOTH (Paraneura simulella) - CALIFORNIA - Larvae in alfalfa seed at
Brawley, Imperial County. (Cal. Coop. Rpt., Feb. 21).

BENEFICIAL INSECTS

BIG-EYED BUGS (Geocoris spp.) - ARIZONA - Averaged 10 per 100 sweeps of alfalfa in
Salt River Valley, Maricopa County. (Ariz. Coop. Sur.).

FEDERAL AND STATE PLANT PROTECTION PROGRAMS

CITRUS BLACKFLY (Aleurocanthus woglumi) - MEXICO - Biological Control Zone -
Inspections made of 54,971 trees on 862 acres in municipios Villagran, Mainero,
Padilla, Hidalgo, and Victoria, Tamaulipas; 1,169 trees on 162 acres found infested
in municipios Villagran, Mainero, and Hidalgo. Chemical Control Zone - Inspec-
tions made of 47,449 trees on 747 acres in 9 municipios in State of Nuevo Leon
and 1,846 trees on 29 acres in 5 municipios in Tamaulipas. Total of 203 trees
on 122 acres found infested in municipios Linares, Hualahuises, Montemorelos,
and Monterrey, Nuevo Leon. Infestations found in Matamoros, Tamaulipas, for
first time since 1966 and included 15 properties and 18 trees on approximately
one acre. Delimiting survey still underway in Matamoros. Inspections made of
453 trees on 207 properties in 3 municipios in Baja California and 2,811 trees
on 522 properties in Sonora with negative results. (PPC Mex. Reg., Jan. Rpt.).

IMPORTED FIRE ANT (Solenopsis saevissima richteri) - ALABAMA - All mounds
inspected in Lee County extremely active with numerous winged forms near top of
mounds. (Leeper et al.). TENNESSEE - Surveys negative in Warren, Giles,
Lawrence, and Lincoln Counties. (Green, Watson).

MEDITERRANEAN FRUIT FLY (Ceratitis capitata) - MEXICO - Total of 3,132 traps
operated during January. No Cc. capitata taken. (PPC Mex. Reg.).

MEXICAN FRUIT FLY (Anastrepha ludens) - MEXICO - In Tijuana, 350 traps inspected
1,007 times; 5 marked flies recaptured. Total of 28 native flies (13 males, 15
females) trapped in Tijuana during 1968. Sixty traps in Tecate, Baja California,
inspected 180 times with negative results. No native flies trapped during 1968.
In Ensenada, Baja California, 150 traps inspected 576 times with negative results.
Only one native fly (male) trapped in Ensenada during 1968. (PPC Mex. Reg., Jan.
Rpt.).

WHITE-FRINGED BEETLES (Graphognathus spp.) - TENNESSEE - None found in Giles
County. (Watson).

WOOLLY WHITEFLY (Aleurothrixus floccosus) - MEXICO - Seven infestations found in
municipio Ensenada, Baja California, during January. (PPC Mex. Reg.).

=) Lolsr=

WINTER MOTH SURVEY IN MAINE

During late fall 1968, an intensive survey for winter moth (Operophtera brumata)
was conducted throughout the coastal areas of Maine from Bar Harbor to Calais.
Results of the survey were negative for winter moth. Much of the material
collected consisted of males and females of fall cankerworm (Alsophila

pometaria) and Bruce spanworm (Operophtera bruceata). Blacklight traps attracted
the greatest number of male moths; however, a new Stocking-type (vapona) trap

was effective in capturing wingless females. Although the survey was negative
for winter moth, indications are that the stocking-type trap provides, for the
first time, a tool for volume trapping over extensive areas.

Material collected during the survey was determined by A.E. Brower and included
the following species: Agrotis ipsilon (black cutworm), Alsophila pometaria (fall
cankerworm), Lithophane fagina, Lithophane spp., Operophtera bruceata (Bruce
spanworm), Peridroma sSaucia (variegated cutworm) , Plathypena scabra (green clover-
worm), and Pseudaletia-unipuncta (armyworm). (PPC East. Reg.).

INSECT DETECTION

New State Records

A EULOPHID WASP (Bestiola mira Nikol'skaya) - HAWAII - Reared from an armored
scale (Odonaspis greeni) infesting small bamboo plant in Honolulu, Oahu, in
January 1969, Determined by C. Yoshimoto. This is first record for Western

Hemisphere. B. mira is not known to occur in the continental United States.
(p. 152).

AN APHID (Cinara pilicornis) - MARYLAND - Collected from hemlock near Glen
Burnie, Anne Arundel County, May 22, 1968. (p. 149),

New County Records

AN APHID (Cinara pilicornis) - MARYLAND - Baltimore County. (p. 149),

ALFALFA WEEVIL (Hypera postica) -. WASHINGTON - Clallam County. (p. 153).

CORRECTIONS

CEIR 19(9):126 - PEAR PSYLLA (Psylla pyricola) - OREGON - Lines 3 and 4 should
read ..., adults up to 5 per tap, mostly 1-2 per tap...

LIGHT TRAP COLLECTIONS

FLORIDA - Gainesville - 2/22-25, BL - Black cutworm (Agrotis ipsilon) 3, granu-

late cutworm (Feltia subterranea) 5, yellow-striped armyworm (Prodenia ornitho-
galli) 1.

- 152 -

HAWAII INSECT REPORT

New State Record - Specimens of a EULOPHID WASP (Bestiola mira Nikol'skaya)
reared from an armored scale (Odonaspis greeni) infesting Small bamboo plant in
Honolulu, Oahu, in January 1969. Determined by C. Yoshimoto. This species is
known to occur in Japan and USSR. (Beardsley). This is the first record of

B. mira for the Western Hemisphere, but the species is not known to occur in the
Continental United States. (PPC).

General Vegetables - TROPICAL GARDEN SYMPHYLID (Hanseniella unguiculata) heavy
on roots of young zucchini squash and causing severe stunting of plants in Hilo,
Hawaii. (Yoshioka).

Fruits and Nuts - COCONUT SCALE (Aspidiotus destructor) light to medium on several
coconut trees in Kaaawa and Pupukea, Oahu. Not known to infest coconut trees in
southwestern, western, eastern, and northeastern coastal areas of island. Not
known to occur in central Oahu, Honolulu proper, or on neighboring islands.

Light scattered infestations found for first time on several papaya trees adjacent
to previously heavily infested banana trees at Pearl City. Most heavily infested
banana foliage removed. (Funasaki, Bianchi). Recurring medium to heavy larval
infestations of a NOCTUID MOTH (Phlegetonia delatrix) heavily damaging terminal
leaves of backyard mountain-apple at Kaneohe and Pauoa, Oahu. On Hawaii, severely
damaging terminal leaves of young ohia-lehua trees (Metrosideros collina
polymorpha) in several areas. This is new host record. Damage heavy on mountain-
apple and Java-plum foliage in Hilo. (Funasaki, Yoshioka).

Ornamentals, Forest, and Shade Trees - A BARK BEETLE (Xylosandrus compactus) caused
much damage to forest planting Of cedar (Toona ciliata) at Waiakea, Hawaii.
(Davis). Eggs and adults of a PLATASPID BUG (Coptosoma xanthogramma) heavy and
confined to terminals of 7 sesban trees in Kaneohe, Oahu. Adults ranged 30-100

on terminals compared with 5-10 several months ago. All stages heavy on jade

vine flowers in scattered areas on Oahu. Heavy populations reported on pigeon-
pea in several areas. Population of a scelionid wasp (Trissolcus sp.), an egg
parasite, at low level; only one percent of C. xanthogramma eggs parasitized.
(Funasaki, Bianchi, Au). ie

Beneficial Insects - LANTANA CERAMBYCID (Plagiohammus spinipennis) and LANTANA
LEAF BEETLE (Octotoma scabripennis) heavy on lantana on Puu Lehua, Central Kona
District, Hawaii, at 3,000 feet elevation. This’ is new locality record for both
species and represents large spread from release point. (Davis).

Miscellaneous Insects - An adult of a LONGHORN GRASSHOPPER (Euconocephalus nasutus),
the third Specimen to date, found in yard at Aiea, Oahu, on February 26. First
discovered in vacant lot at Waipahu in January 1968; second specimen found in

yard in Kaimuki area of Honolulu in November 1968. (Au). One adult of another
GRASSHOPPER (Oedaleus abruptus) found in grass at borderline between Fort
Kamehameha and Hickam Air Force Base, Oahu. Rains and high winds hampering spray
operations in known infested areas at Hickam. (Olson).

- 153 -

SUMMARY OF INSECT CONDITIONS IN THE UNITED STATES - 1968
(Continued from page 144)

FORAGE LEGUMES
Highlights:

ALFALFA WEEVIL continued to be the most important pest of alfalfa in the Nation,
It was reported for the first time in Texas and Oklahoma. Damage to alfalfa
ranged light to heavy in many areas but was lighter than in 1967 in some sections,
CLOVER HEAD WEEVIL was a Serious pest of crimson clover seed production in
Alabama, PEA APHID required controls in several areas. Populations on alfalfa
were heavy in Arizona early in the year, damaging in Nebraska in mid-May, and
severe in Kansas in April and May. Parasites and predators were effective in
some areas, MEADOW SPITTLEBUG was more abundant in Illinois, Indiana, and Ohio
than in recent years. LYGUS BUGS were of some concern on alfalfa in several
Western States, THREE-CORNERED ALFALFA HOPPER was unusually abundant on alfalfa
in the Virden Valley of New Mexico. VARIEGATED CUTWORM damaged alfalfa in
scattered areas.

The ALFALFA WEEVIL (Hypera postica) infestation near Ellensburg in Kittitas
County, WASHINGTON, increased from one square mile in 1967 to 32 square miles
this year, Damage ranged light to moderate. In Clark County larvae ranged 2-10
per sweep in 7 representative alfalfa fields. Lewis and Spokane Counties were
reported as new records; Clallam County is a new county record. Adults were
found in Linn County, OREGON, in late February. New larvae were found May 24 in
Klamath County. Larvae ranged 85-110 per sweep in untreated plots in Crook and
Klamath Counties in late June and early July. Leaf loss averaged up to 63 per-
cent. Numbers were lower in other areas. Alfalfa weevil continued to spread in
the Willamette Valley. It was reported in 6 new counties. Counts were low, the
highest average being 2.4 larvae per sweep in one Clackamas County field.
Alfalfa weevil was much reduced in most CALIFORNIA areas. Damage in NEVADA was
heavy for the third straight year. As in 1966 and 1967, weather retarded alfalfa
growth and staggered hatch and larval development. In contrast to 1967, explo-
Sive populations developed with the return of favorable weather. Larval popula-
tions and damage peaked near mid to late June. Heavy adult damage to new
growth of the second crop occurred for the second consecutive year, but was
restricted to Lyon County.

Alfalfa weevil adults were active and mating during the first week of March at
Aberdeen in Bingham County, IDAHO. Fully developed eggs were observed at Marsing,
Owyhee County, the last of April. Larval damage was evident on 50-100 percent of
alfalfa terminals by May 25 in Owyhee County and by June 15 in the Magic Valley
area, Larvae averaged 24 per sweep by mid-June in experimental plots at
Aberdeen, Pupation occurred about the time of first-crop cutting. Weevils were
light in northern Idaho. In MONTANA alfalfa weevil was less destructive than in
the previous 2 years, but damage was still extensive. Alfalfa weevil was the most
damaging crop pest in WYOMING, Adults were first found in Washakie County on
April 10, On May 20, larvae were first noted in Hot Springs County. In mid-June
the population peaked in the Big Horn Basin. For the rest of the season a few
larvae were present. Most damage was in the northern area and the Big Horn Basin.
Damage in UTAH evolved later than usual in the spring. Damage in 1968 was
greater than in 1967. The most severe outbreak experienced since the advent

of modern insecticides occurred at Hurricane, Washington County, and in alfalfa
seed areas of Millard County. In northeastern COLORADO alfalfa weevil ranged
moderate to heavy. Larvae were light to moderate in the Arkansas Valley and on
the Western Slope. Loss and quality reduction of alfalfa were light to moderate
throughout most of the State, but ranged moderate to heavy in Logan and Morgan
Counties. In NEW MEXICO alfalfa weevil was heavy and damaged the first and
second cuttings of alfalfa in Bernalillo, San Juan, Rio Arriba, and Santa Fe
Counties,

- 154 -

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- 155 -

Alfalfa weevil was detected for the first time in TEXAS in Bowie, Red River,
Lamar, and Fannin Counties during May and June. Larvae were collected in
Delaware and Sequoyah Counties, OKLAHOMA, in May for a new State record. In most
areas of KANSAS populations were extremely light. Two fields in Finney County
were treated. No weevils were found in alfalfa fields in which they had been
collected in 1967 in Cherokee County. New county records were reported in Barber,
Clark, Comanche, Rooks, and Labette Counties for a total of 36 infested counties
in Kansas in 1968, Alfalfa weevil was first noted on May 8 in Dawson County,
NEBRASKA, when 3 adults and 3 larvae were taken in 2,000 sweeps. This pest was
first observed in the panhandle area on May 22. By mid-June larval numbers
peaked in Dawson County and were last detected October 4. Harlan and Hayes
Counties were reported as new county records, In the northern Black Hills of
SOUTH DAKOTA the first alfalfa weevil adults were taken March 21 to April 22 on
stickyboard traps around alfalfa fields near Spearfish, Lawrence County. By

May 31, adults ranged 8-64 per 100 sweeps and egg laying had begun, Larval
populations of 12 per 100 sweeps infested 3 to 8-inch alfalfa. A week later,
adults had increased to 122 per 100 sweeps. In mid-June when damage was evident
in many fields in southern Butte, Lawrence, and Meade Counties, and the first
cutting of alfalfa was beginning, larvae ranged up to 2,200 per 100 sweeps and
adults had decreased to 40 per 100 sweeps. Populations peaked the last of June
with over 6,000 larvae per 100 sweeps but soon decreased. Adults, one per 100
sweeps, remained on alfalfa near Spearfish as late as the first of October.
Economic populations and damage were confined to the immediate vicinity of the
northern Black Hills of South Dakota. Larval populations were high in the
infestation area, but alfalfa was cut before much damage occurred. Chemical
controls were applied to some fields. Larval collections in mid-July established
Stanley and Tripp Counties as new county records, Alfalfa weevil adults

were active on alfalfa by April 19 in NORTH DAKOTA and larvae were heavy

by June 17. Larvae ranged up to 5,640 (averaged 1,077) per 100 plants and
adults up to 150 (averaged 40) per 100 sweeps. Percent of tips infested ranged
up to 100 (average 64) percent. Foliar damage ranged up to 5 (average 1) percent
on irrigated alfalfa in McKenzie County. Controls were applied where the first
crop was used for seed production. Larvae were collected for the first time in
Mountrail County, bringing the total to 15 infested counties.

Alfalfa weevil caused light damage to alfalfa in IOWA and was found in 3 new
counties, Larvae were first active in southeastern MISSOURI during mid-March.
Damage was heavy in untreated fields in the southern and eastern areas. This
weevil was reported for the first time in 7 new counties of Missouri and is now
known to occur in 81 counties in the State. This was the most serious alfalfa
pest in Missouri in 1968. Alfalfa weevil was reported for the first time from
Benton, Crawford, Hempstead, and Logan Counties, ARKANSAS, in 1968 and now occurs
in every alfalfa-growing area in the State. Treatment iS universal in the north-
eastern and southwestern areas while infestations remain low in the northwestern
area. Alfalfa weevil was heavy on the declining alfalfa acreage in ALABAMA.
Damage occurred on white clover, vetches, and other legumes. Larvae ranged from
3-40 per Sweep in western TENNESSEE to 10-30 per sweep in the eastern area,
Counts were locally higher in western fields in April. Cool weather delayed
pupation in eastern area fields.

Alfalfa weevil larvae and adults were collected by May 24 in Kenosha, Racine,
and Walworth Counties, WISCONSIN. By June 7, larvae were nearly full grown and
ranged up to 15 per 50 sweeps in Kenosha County. Pupation was underway by

June 12 and damage to Second-crop alfalfa was light. Adults were emerging in
Kenosha County by July 5. Bathyplectes sp. (an ichneumon wasp) was found in
Kenosha County on June 19. Alfalfa weevil adults were collected throughout the
summer, indicating that a true summer dormancy does not exist in the State,
This weevil was collected for the first time in 12 counties in Wisconsin.
Alfalfa weevil increased and spread in the southern half of MICHIGAN and is now
present in 28 counties. About 6,000 acres were treated in Monroe and other
southernmost counties. It was found in 7 new counties. This weevil is expected
to be more of a problem in the State in 1969 than in 1968.

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Alfalfa weevil was collected for the first time in Jo Daviess, Stephenson,
Winnebago, and Ogle Counties, ILLINOIS, in 1968 and now occurs Statewide. The
weevil spread through the State in only 4 years. Economic infestations occurred
in the southern third and portions of the south-central section of the State.
This weevil was less troublesome than expected in 1968, probably due to a cool
March and April, the advanced height of the alfalfa, and late hatch. During the
week of May 13, larvae averaged 3,666 per 100 sweeps in the southeast district,
3,800 in the southwest district, 937 in the east-southeast, and 1,500 in the
west-southwest. Tip feeding was 100 percent in nearly every alfalfa field in the
southern third of Illinois in May and 80 percent in the south-central section,
Parasitism by Bathyplectes curculionis (an ichneumon wasp) averaged 46.6 percent
in the east-southeast area in May. Occasional fields were sprayed as far north
as Effingham. Alfalfa weevil development was 2-3 weeks behind 1967 in southern
INDIANA due to cool, wet conditions, Populations were economic in Southern
areas in late April when larvae ranged up to 9 per stem on 40-100 percent of

the alfalfa. Larvae were heaviest in the south-central and southeast districts
about mid-May. Adult emergence peaked about June 1 in southern Indiana, Larvae
ranged 1-5 per stem during the week of May 24 in central districts with 30-100
percent light to moderate feeding. Larvae ranged 0.5-3 per stem in northern
districts in late May and early June. Damaging numbers were restricted to the
southern counties of the north-central and northeast districts plus the extreme
northeast corner of Indiana. Bathyplectes curculionis (an ichneumon wasp) was
found in many areas and was heavy in southwestern Indiana, First egg hatch in
southern OHIO occurred the first week of April. Larval feeding began in some
northeastern-counties the third week of April. During the last half of April
larval populations began to increase, and damaging numbers were present by end of
May. Control operations began in southern Ohio the third week of April and about
mid-May farther north. Larval damage was variable and unpredictable. Populations
varied from field to field. An apparent delay of major oviposition from the fall
of 1967 until spring of 1968 may have delayed major damage in the southern
counties through much of May. During May cool, wet weather affected larval
abundance and spray programs. However, by the time first cutting had begun in
late May and early June, most damage to the first growth had occurred. By mid-
June most unsprayed alfalfa was lost or heavily damaged. Generally, larvae were
damaging in any unsprayed field. Populations ranged up to 160 per sweep in late
May and early June. By mid-June, stubble treatment to protect the second growth
was of primary concern, Damaging larval populations persisted in some central
and northern fields through late June,

Alfalfa weevil was the most important insect on alfalfa in VIRGINIA although
infestation levels were lower than in 1967. Larvae were detected as early as
March 21, Larvae were lighter in 1968 than in previous years in MARYLAND.
Alfalfa which was sprayed too early or not sprayed at all was seriously damaged.
First adults were found March 15. By early April larval increases were signifi-
cant on the Eastern Shore and by mid-April in the central section, Larval popu-
lations failed to peak. Larvae continued light to heavy through May. By early
June new adults were active. Fall surveys showed fewer overwintering adults
than in previous years. This may indicate lower larval populations again in
1969. Larvae caused less damage to first-growth alfalfa in 1968 than in previous
years in DELAWARE. Most fields had only moderate injury. Controls were not
needed in many fields. Injury to second-growth alfalfa was light in most areas,

Alfalfa weevil populations on forage in PENNSYLVANIA were reduced for the third
consecutive year. Cold, wet weather in May delayed larval activity enough to
permit harvesting without much damage. Over half of the acreage harvested had
not been treated. Larval activity was evident in September but very light
compared with the fall of 1967. Adults were first active and laying eggs May 23
in RHODE ISLAND. Infestations were heavy in some fields by June 27. Alfalfa
weevil was collected in Carroll and Coos Counties, NEW HAMPSHIRE, and is now
statewide in distribution. Tip damage first occurred May 16 at Kingston,
Rockingham County, and ranged 10-90 percent in the southern area, The first
pupa was seen on June 13. By June 26 the population passed the peak in the
southern area, Alfalfa’ weevil now occurs throughout VERMONT, Larval feeding

= W158 i-

caused 20-25 percent loss to untreated alfalfa. A wet spring and lush growth
minimized losses in most areas,

EGYPTIAN ALFALFA WEEVIL (Hypera brunneipennis) infestations were much reduced in
most areas of CALIFORNIA. Larvae damaged alfalfa terminals in many fields in
Maricopa, Pinal, and Yuma Counties, ARIZONA, during February through April.
Damage ranged 5-100 percent. Treatments were required in many fields, especially
in Yuma County.

CLOVER LEAF WEEVIL (Hypera punctata) larvae damaged alfalfa in several scattered
localities of UTAH. A specimen collected in an alfalfa field near Roswell,
Chaves County, NEW MEXICO, was reported as a new county record. Clover leaf
weevil caused light damage in scattered ares of OKLAHOMA from early March to
early June, This weevil caused light damage to alfalfa in southeastern KANSAS in
the spring. In other areas populations were light with little damage. Clover
leaf weevil was low in ILLINOIS compared with 1967. A high of 20 per square foot
occurred in the western and west-southwestern districts the week of April 22,
Populations were controlled by a fungus the last of April, Larvae ranged 1-5

per square foot on alfalfa and clover in southern INDIANA in early April. Trace
numbers were present in other areas. Populations were below 1967 levels.

Clover leaf weevil caused light to moderate damage in scattered fields of red
clover in VIRGINIA. CLOVER HEAD WEEVIL (Hypera meles) was again a serious pest
of crimson clover seed production in ALABAMA, This weevil infested crimson
clover in Rusk, Bowie, and Red River Counties, TEXAS, during April and May.

PEA LEAF WEEVIL (Sitona lineatus) was reported for the first time in Klamath
County, OREGON, for the first record east of the Cascades in the State. In
Yamhill County, this weevil defoliated large areas in a field of vetch and then
moved into alfalfa. CLOVER ROOT CURCULIO (Sitona hispidulus) was light on alfalfa
in north-central KANSAS in May and caused little damage. CLOVER SEED WEEVIL
(Miccotrogus picirostris) adults averaged 12 per sweep on seed white clover in
Boundary County, IDAHO, on June 18.

CLOVER ROOT BORER (Hylastinus obscurus) was reported for the first time in
Franklin County, WASHINGTON, where it caused heavy damage to a stand of alfalfa.
This pest was mostly noneconomic in northwestern ARKANSAS, VETCH BRUCHID
(Bruchus brachialis) destroyed several tons of vetch seed at Bellingham, Whatcom
County, WASHINGTON, in October. This was the first reported infestation from
this area, where vetch pods have been under observation for a number of years.
BLACK BLISTER BEETLE (Epicauta pennsylvanica) adults caused economic damage to
alfalfa in Beadle and Lake Counties, SOUTH DAKOTA, the first of August. Chemical
control was undertaken.

PEA APHID (Acyrthosiphon pisum) was below economic levels over most of OREGON.
Counts averaged 25-50 per sweep. A severe outbreak near Hermiston, Umatilla
County, was controlled by parasites in 2 weeks. Pea aphid occurred in local
areas of CALIFORNIA all year. This aphid required controls on alfalfa from
March to August in Nye, Humboldt, Lyon, and Pershing Counties, NEVADA. This
aphid averaged less than 1 per sweep on alfalfa May 1 in Canyon and Owyhee
Counties, IDAHO, but averaged 100 per sweep to 0.5 cup per sweep by mid to late
June in several southern areas, Natural enemies were abundant by this time.

In UTAH several thousand acres of alfalfa were sprayed although pea aphid was
below normal, Pea aphid appeared on alfalfa in Fremont County, WYOMING, May 6.
Populations increased until early July and then declined. Scattered outbreaks
throughout the State developed moderate to heavy numbers, Some controls were
applied in Washakie County where regrowth of second-cutting alfalfa was damaged.
Pea aphid ranged light to moderate on alfalfa in the Arkansas Valley of COLORADO.
Pea aphid was heavy in ARIZONA from February through April in Yuma County, in
April in Maricopa and Pinal Counties, and from September through October in
Cochise County.

- 159 -

Pea aphid increased gradually in southeastern NEBRASKA in April. Damaging levels
were reached in mid-May with up to 2,000 per 10 sweeps. Populations remained
heavy until May 25-30 when natural enemies caused a decline. A Severe pea aphid
outbreak occurred on alfalfa in KANSAS from mid-April to mid-May. Infestations
were heavy in about 30 central area counties, and damage was severe and general,
Populations were not damaging in other areas of Kansas, except in a few local
cases, Natural enemies played a major role in reducing populations, Pea aphid
infested legumes in OKLAHOMA each month except in September. Counts were light
to moderate except in spotty areas in late March, early April, and mid-July in
Wagoner County. Pea aphid ranged light to heavy on alfalfa and Austrian Winter
field peas in Foard and Hardeman Counties and vetch in Brazos County, TEXAS, in
mid-April. Populations began increasing in early February in ARKANSAS. Counts
reached 150-200 per 100 sweeps by mid-April with 20 percent winged forms. Popula-
tions declined in June.

Pea aphid was sporadic over MICHIGAN and presented no problems, Pea aphid eggs
hatched about March 30 in WISCONSIN. Reproduction was well underway by May 3.
Winged forms were evident May 10, Adults of Praon pequodorum (a braconid) and
parasitized pea aphid nymphs were also common on the same date. Pea aphid alates
were noted May 17. Heavy rains in early June and natural enemies caused a
decline by June 14. Some fields required controls about midseason, Weather and
natural enemies caused another decline in late June. About September 27, pea
aphid increased with as many as 60 per Sweep in a few fields. Egg laying was
underway October 18. Pea aphid counts were very low in IOWA in May but increased
in early June. However, infestations remained noneconomic throughout the season,
Populations were unusually low on clover and alfalfa in ILLINOIS with a high of
100 per sweep in the southwestern district. Predators and diseases were also low.
Pea aphid populations were at low levels in INDIANA during 1968. Highest counts
of 80-200 per sweep occurred on first-growth alfalfa in the northern districts

in mid-June. Pea aphid was of no significance on alfalfa in OHIO in 1968,
Populations increased in late May, but numbers remained low during the Summer,

Pea aphid caused little damage in VIRGINIA and was very light on alfalfa during
Spring in MARYLAND. Populations during late summer and early fall ranged
moderate to heavy on the Eastern Shore of Maryland and some controls were
necessary.

MEADOW SPITTLEBUG (Philaenus spumarius) was scattered over MICHIGAN, and no
damage warranted much treatment. Nymphs were detected on alfalfa by May 3

in southern WISCONSIN. Eggs hatched in Lincoln County May 13. Most nymphs

were in the second instar by May 17 and had wing pads on June 7. Adults appeared
in southern counties June 12, Numbers varied considerably with the highest popu-
lations in southwestern counties and in some sandy locations. Adults were low,
averaging 1.2 per sweep, for ILLINOIS during the fall survey. Numbers were

higher than they had been for several years, but nymphs caused no economic damage
in the spring. Spittle masses were common in most alfalfa and clover fields in
IOWA, Counts ranged 0-5 masses per square foot of area with 2-3 nymphs per mass
in early May. Adults were first collected in mid-June. Meadow spittlebug was
heavier than for the past several years in mid-May in southern and central
INDIANA. This pest was heaviest in the southeastern district where 60-90 percent
of the plants had 1-4 spittle masses per stem with 2-14 nymphs per mass, In
northern Indiana spittle masses ranged 1-3 per stem on 20-40 percent of the
alfalfa and clover with 1-4 nymphs per spittle mass in late May. Meadow spittle-
bug eggs hatched about the third week of April in OHIO. Nymphs began to increase
by May 1 and the first adults were collected June 4. By mid-June, adults averaged
over 60 per sweep on red clover and alfalfa. Reports and observations indicated
that spittlebugs were more abundant than usual in Ohio in 1968.

Meadow spittlebug nymphs ranged light to moderate on alfalfa in MARYLAND. Popu-
lations in red clover were the heaviest in several, years, but very little acreage
was sprayed for this pest alone. Meadow spittlebug caused moderate damage to red
clover in the spring in VIRGINIA. Infestations of 30-100 percent of the stems
were common, Damage waS most severe in the central area. This pest was

reported in 11 new counties of Virginia during the 1968 season,

- 160 -

LYGUS BUGS (Lygus spp.) were above normal on alfalfa in CALIFORNIA. Populations
began increasing in late May, earlier than normal, in the alfalfa seed growing
areas of NEVADA, especially in Humboldt and Lander Counties, Infestations were
heavier than normal on prebloom alfalfa and continued heavy throughout the
season, Lygus bugs were low in OREGON except in eastern Malheur County where
counts ranged as high as 28 per sweep in alfalfa seed fields. Lygus bug popula-
tions exceeded 4 per sweep in many blooming alfalfa seed fields in Canyon County,
IDAHO, on June 28, Counts in untreated seed alfalfa ranged up to 12 per sweep
in Washington County August 2, These pests averaged less than 3 per Sweep in
treated fields. Lygus bugs were heavy on alfalfa in 11 counties in the eastern
half of MONTANA and in 2 western counties of the State. These pests infested
sainfoin in Carbon, Fergus, and Gallatin Counties, Lygus bug populations were
low in WYOMING and remained noneconomic throughout the 1968 season. These pests
built up during the spring on an unusual abundance of mustards in UTAH, and popu-
lations were generally above normal on alfalfa and other crops in the State.
Lygus bugs occurred-on alfalfa in cyclic patterns throughout the season in
ARIZONA and were heavy from March to November. Populations remained at normal
levels and caused little damage in KANSAS. lLygus distinctus infested legumes in
TEXAS,

TARNISHED PLANT BUG (Lygus lineolaris) was unusually high on alfalfa statewide
in DELAWARE during early July. Light numbers caused very little damage in
VIRGINIA. Populations ranged light to moderate throughout IOWA all season, but
damage was never evident, From mid-April to mid-November tarnished plant bug
occasionally damaged alfalfa in OKLAHOMA, Tarnished plant bug was common on
alfalfa throughout the season in INDIANA, Populations ranged 1-3 per sweep on
first, second, and third-growth alfalfa 12 inches high or higher.

ALFALFA PLANT BUG (Adelphocoris lineolatus) was the most common insect on alfalfa
in northern INDIANA during late July when counts reached 4-13 per sweep.
Infestations were moderate in IOWA and no damage was recorded. Alfalfa plant bug
remained at normal levels and caused little damage in KANSAS. Counts of alfalfa
plant bug per 100 sweeps averaged 20 in Minnehaha and 200 in Lincoln Counties,
SOUTH DAKOTA, in mid-June.

RAPID PLANT BUG (Adelphorcoris rapidus) was noneconomic in all areas of IOWA and
remained at normal levels in KANSAS where little damage occurred,

THREE-CORNERED ALFALFA HOPPER (Spissistilus festinus) nymphs girdled alfalfa
stems in scattered areas of Johnston and Bryan Counties, OKLAHOMA, during late
August and September. Unusually heavy populations built up on alfalfa in the
Virden Valley of NEW MEXICO in August. Adults ranged 35-85 per sweep in recently
cut alfalfa. Lighter counts averaged 5-8 per sweep on alfalfa in the Hatch
Valley. Three-cornered alfalfa hopper was light on alfalfa the entire year in
ARIZONA. Moderate to heavy numbers were present from July to November in all
counties, This pest ranged from normal to lighter than usual in UTAH, being
heaviest in Washington County.

VARIEGATED CUTWORM (Peridroma saucia) damaged second-crop alfalfa in Lyon County,
NEVADA, in July until controls were applied. This cutworm damaged alfalfa locally
during the summer in UTAH. Injury was light on alfalfa in eastern NEBRASKA.
Variegated cutworm reached economic levels in many fields in northeastern and
east-central NEBRASKA in May and June. Almost all alfalfa fields examined in
the eastern two-thirds of the State were infested. Larval populations in south-
eastern MISSOURI were high (up to 65 per square foot) on alfalfa. Counts were
highest in mid-May. Controls were applied to most alfalfa in the southeastern
delta area of Missouri. Variegated cutworm caused heavy damage to alfalfa in
scattered fields across OKLAHOMA in May and early June. Infestations were
heaviest, 30-100 per square yard, in the central and south-central areas.
Variegated cutworm required controls in a few alfalfa fields in ARKANSAS. Popu-
lations ranged 4-5 per square foot in the northwestern area in late May. Varie-
gated cutworm moths were taken in a blacklight trap at Madison, WISCONSIN, by
April 25.

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GREEN CLOVERWORM (Plathypena scabra) infested legumes in TEXAS and occasionally
damaged alfalfa in OKLAHOMA. Green cloverworm reached economic levels ina few
fields of alfalfa in east-central and northeastern KANSAS in July and August.
Controls were applied. Green cloverworm ranged from 1 per 5 Sweeps to 8 per
sweep on alfalfa the first 3 weeks of August throughout INDIANA. This pest was
more abundant in the State in 1968 than in the past 5 years.

YELLOW-STRIPED ARMYWORM (Prodenia ornithogalli) was moderate on alfalfa in Pinal
County, ARIZONA, in late April and in Yuma County in May and June. Populations
were heavy in early October in Maricopa County and from late October through
November in Yuma County. Yellow-striped armyworm was lighter than normal and
caused little damage in KANSAS. Populations in VIRGINIA were light. WESTERN
YELLOW-STRIPED ARMYWORM (P. praefica) was lighter than normal in UTAH,

BEET ARMYWORM (Spodoptera exigua) damaged alfalfa in a few locations in
CALIFORNIA. Infestations in ARIZONA ranged moderate to heavy in many alfalfa
fields from April to November in Yuma County and from September through October
in Graham, Maricopa, and Pinal Counties, Normally a minor pest in NEW MEXICO,
beet armyworm damaged many Seedling alfalfa fields in the Mesilla and Pecos
Valleys in May and June. This pest also damaged mature stands of alfalfa and
other agricultural crops throughout most of the State. Beet armyworm infested
legumes in TEXAS,

ALFALFA CATERPILLAR (Colias eurytheme) was more prevalent in CALIFORNIA in 1968
than in 1967 and 1966. Populations in UTAH were lower than normal. Larvae
ranged light to medium in Maricopa, Pinal, and Yuma Counties, ARIZONA, from
January through May. Flights were heavy in August and September in Graham,
Maricopa, Pinal, and Yuma Counties, Larvae were heavy in October and November
in Maricopa and Yuma Counties. Alfalfa caterpillar was lower than normal in
UTAH. Adults were abundant and larvae averaged over 2 per Sweep in many fields
of alfalfa in southern Eddy County, NEW MEXICO, during May. Alfalfa caterpillar
caused occasional damage to alfalfa in OKLAHOMA and caused little damage in
KANSAS in 1968. This pest was uniformly light throughout the season in VIRGINIA,

CABBAGE LOOPER (Trichoplusia ni) was heavy on alfalfa in Pinal County, ARIZONA,
in late August, September, and early December, and in Yuma County in late
September and late November. ZEBRA CATERPILLAR (Ceramica picta) was light on
alfalfa in Churchill, Douglas, Lyon, and Pershing Counties, NEVADA, beginning in
late June, In September and early October, the only heavy damage occurred in
Lyon County. W-MARKED CUTWORM (Spaelotis clandestina) was heavy in alfalfa in
central WISCONSIN, particularly in older fields with high winter kill.

Larvae of a PSYCHID MOTH (Apterona crenulella) damaged alfalfa in Siskiyou and
Modoc Counties, CALIFORNIA, for the first time. GARDEN WEBWORM (Loxostege
similalis) infestations were common in ARKANSAS but economic in only a few fields,
Infestations of Loxostege spp. did not reach economic levels in most areas of
KANSAS and caused no concern, A LEAF ROLLER MOTH (Sparganothis sp.) caused
severe damage to birdsfoot-trefoil seed fields in VERMONT... Losses ranged from

15 to 20 percent.

SOYBEANS
Highlights:

BEAN LEAF BEETLE was heavy in some Black Belt counties of Alabama and was moderate
to heavy in some areas of Oklahoma. MEXICAN BEAN BEETLE was Serious in isolated
fields in southwestern Alabama; injury was lighter than in 1967 in Virginia but
was heavy on the southern Eastern Shore of Maryland. GREEN CLOVERWORM reached
outbreak levels in Michigan and was the heaviest ever observed in northern and
central Indiana, but damage was not economic. Populations were also the heaviest
in Michigan since 1964, but controls were not necessary.

- 162 -

BEAN LEAF BEETLE (Cerotoma trifurcata) was very heavy in several Black Belt
counties of ALABAMA, especially Greene, Sumter, and Marengo, where 50 percent or
more of the leaves were destroyed. Populations ranged moderate to heavy in
northeastern, east-central, and southeastern OKLAHOMA from mid-September to early
October. In July and August light numbers infested many fields in eastern
KANSAS. Leaf feeding was noticeable but not severe in many fields. Bean leaf
beetle was light in ILLINOIS but moderate in some fields. Damage was not
economic, Bean leaf beetle caused very little damage in VIRGINIA. Adult damage
ranged light to heavy throughout southern MARYLAND and light to moderate on the
Eastern Shore. Heavy numbers in a few fields late in the season did not affect
yields. Damage was heaviest in St. Marys County where half of a 15-acre stand
was lost before the plants measured 6 inches. Very little acreage needed sprays
specifically for bean leaf beetle.

MEXICAN BEAN BEETLE (Epilachna varivestis) was serious in isolated fields in
southwestern ALABAMA. Numbers were Lighter elsewhere. Controls were required
during August in the southern counties of south-central and southeastern INDIANA
where defoliation ranged 50-75 percent in a few scattered fields. In these
districts populations -and damage have gradually increased for the past 3 years.
Mexican bean beetle was not noticeable on soybeans in MICHIGAN. Damage by this
pest was lighter than in 1967 in VIRGINIA, but pockets of severe injury to
untreated soybeans did occur. Damage in MARYLAND was heavy in 2 southern
counties on the Eastern Shore, and controls were necessary. Light to moderate
damage was noted in other areas of the State.

Larvae of a CERAMBYCID BEETLE (Dectes spinosus) infested up to 90 percent of the
soybeans in 3 counties in the bootheel area of MISSOURI in October.

GREEN CLOVERWORM (Plathypena scabra) caused heavy "ragging" of soybean leaves in
ALABAMA, but the extent of damage was questionable. Larval infestations were
general on soybeans in Haywood County, TENNESSEE, Damage was variable on leaves
and light to small pods. Green cloverworm moths were active from early February
to late November in ARKANSAS, The earliest larvae appeared in late March.
Infestations were not economic. Larvae of green cloverworm and a NOCTUID MOTH
(Pseudoplusia includens) damaged soybeans in southeastern and east-central
OKLAHOMA during Late September and early October. Defoliation ranged as high as
50 percent in many fields in southeastern and east-central KANSAS in August and
September. Some moderate defoliation occurred in southeastern NEBRASKA from late
August to September. Larvae were first reported in IOWA the week ending July 19.
Populations increased the next 2 weeks. Little dgmage occurred although the
upper leaves were ragged, Green cloverworm larvae reached outbreak levels on
soybeans in MINNESOTA during August. This was unusual and the first occurrence
since 1957. In July the first damaging numbers were found on canning peas in

the south-central area. In early August reports of damage were numerous in the

2 southernmost tiers of counties. By mid-August damaging numbers were found in
all southern districts and were extending into the central district. Damage was
severe in some fields. Counts of-30 larvae per row foot were reported. Most
damage occurred on the tops of soybean plants. Soybeans and canning peas were
treated in the southern districts, but in many cases the advanced maturity of the
soybeans, the numbers of larvae, and the amount of damage did not justify spray-
ing. Fungus disease was found in McLeod County. Green cloverworm is not
expected to be a perennial problem on soybeans or peas in Minnesota,

Green cloverworm larvae in ILLINOIS were a concern until controlled by a fungus
disease. During the last of July and the first of August,-: larvae averaged 3 per
row foot, The northwestern district had the highest numbers with 12 per row

foot in some fields and an average of 4 per row foot, Larvae in the central and
northern districts of INDIANA were the heaviest ever observed, but damage
remained below economic levels. During the first 3 weeks of August larvae ranged
1 per 5 row feet to 4 per row foot in the northern and central areas,and defolia-
tion ranged 10-15 percent in the most heavily infested fields. The highest
counts were obtained in the northwestern area. Although numbers in MICHIGAN were
the highest since 1964, the level of damage remained below any control need.

- 163 -

Damage accumulated from each brood. The first adult was detected on May 15 at
the Lenawee County blacklight station. Moderately high adult numbers developed
during August and September. In VIRGINIA moderate to heavy numbers in late
summer caused only light damage.

VELVETBEAN CATERPILLAR (Anticarsia gemmatalis) was a pest in many isolated fields
in coastal ALABAMA, with the heavier infestations in the extreme southwestern
area. Infestations were not serious farther north into Dallas, Montgomery, and
Lee Counties.

Mixed populations of CABBAGE LOOPER (Trichoplusia ni) and a NOCTUID MOTH
(Pseudoplusia includens) probably damaged Soybeans in the coastal counties of
ALABAMA, Populations were lighter in the central and northern areas. Pseudoplusia
includens was the predominant looper on soybeans throughout Alabama, In ARKANSAS
P. includens was heavy for the first time in one area. Populations of 15-20 per
Yow foot caused complete defoliation. Virus and fungus diseases reduced larval
numbers but did not prevent a buildup.

FALL ARMYWORM (Spodoptera frugiperda) was much lighter than in 1967 in ARKANSAS
and was not economic. BEET ARMYWORM (S. exigua) larvae damaged seedlings in
Cochise and Yuma Counties, ARIZONA, in late May and early June.

SOUTHERN GREEN STINK BUG (Nezara viridula) was heavy in a few fields in the
Northern Neck area of VIRGINIA in late summer. Southern green stink bug and
BROWN STINK BUG (Euschistus servus) nymphs and adults became pests after pod
development in coastal counties of ALABAMA. Damage was less than in 1966 and
about the same as in 1967. GREEN STINK BUG (Acrosternum hilare) remained light
throughout the season and caused little concern in KANSAS.

GRASSHOPPERS (Melanoplus spp.) caused light damage around margins of many fields
adjacent to roadsides and pastures on the Eastern Shore of MARYLAND. These
pests caused 40 percent loss of foliage on 15 acres of soybeans in Queen Annes
County. M. femurrubrum and M. differentialis adults ranged 3-9 per square yard
on roadsides and in weedy soybean fields in west-central and central INDIANA
during early September. Defoliation ranged up to 15 percent in the most heavily
infested fields.

STRAWBERRY SPIDER MITE (Tetranychus turkestani) was heavy on experimental soy-
beans in Yuma County, ARIZONA, in early July and early September. Controls were
successful. Damage by SPIDER MITES (Tetranychus spp.) occurred in some fields
in southwestern TENNESSEE, and dry weather in VIRGINIA allowed these pests to
build up on soybeans in late summer and fall. Strawberry spider mite ranged
light to heavy generally in MARYLAND. Damage appeared heaviest on the Eastern
Shore where 60-100 acres were completely defoliated. Yellowed border rows were
common in this area. Spider mites, mostly strawberry spider mite, were abundant
in DELAWARE by late July and caused much damage through most of Kent and Sussex
Counties after late July.

PEANUTS

GRANULATE CUTWORM (Feltia subterranea) caused light damage in Several southeastern
counties of ALABAMA in 1968, similar to 1967 but less than in 1966, VELVETBEAN
CATERPILLAR (Anticarsia gemmatalis) was very light in Alabama and fed on leaves

of peanuts in mixed populations with cutworms, corn earworm, and tobacco

budworm. In north-central FLORIDA a complex of velvetbean caterpillar, FALL
ARMYWORM (Spodoptera frugiperda) and Heliothis spp. was severe on peanuts in June.

LESSER CORNSTALK BORER (Elasmopalpus lignosellus) larvae were severe in north-
western FLORIDA. The outbreak and damage in the 9-county peanut growing area of
ALABAMA was unusual and extensive. Lesser cornstalk borer ranged medium to
heavy in one east-central and 2 north-central counties of TEXAS during August
and early September.

- 164 -

RED-NECKED PEANUTWORM (Stegasta bosqueella) was light in Eastland County, TEXAS,
in mid-August. Damage ranged moderate to heavy in south-central and south-
western peanut areas of OKLAHOMA in July and August.

BURROWING STINK BUGS (Pangaeus bilineatus and Tominotus cummunis) damaged peanuts
in a few fields of southeastern ALABAMA in 1968. These pests have been present
in the State for many years. They were serious in 1966 but were not a problem
in 1967. P. bilineatus was detected on this crop in Frio County, TEXAS, in 1968
and caused 6-23 percent damage.

TOBACCO THRIPS (Frankliniella fusca) was damaging throughout the 9-county peanut
area of ALABAMA; controls were generally necessary. Frankliniella spp. caused
no serious damage in most areas of OKLAHOMA.

Damage by SPIDER MITES (Tetranychus spp.) in ALABAMA was of more concern than
usual, These pests damaged peanuts in Payne County, OKLAHOMA, in late August.

COTTON
Highlights:

BOLL WEEVIL was heavy in Alabama and Tennessee, Large numbers entered hiberna-
tion in the fall in Alabama, BOLLWORM and TOBACCO BUDWORM were major pests in
Alabama and built up in Missouri. Bollworm was occasionally heavy in areas of
Oklahoma. CABBAGE LOOPER was the main problem on cotton in Arizona, BEET ARMY-
WORM damaged much seedling cotton in New Mexico and was heavy on early cotton in
areas of Texas. LYGUS BUGS required controls in some areas. SPIDER MITES were
severe in Tennessee and heavier than in the past Several years in Alabama,

BOLL WEEVIL (Anthonomus grandis) ranged light to heavy throughout TEXAS with
very heavy numbers in the South-central area and noneconomic numbers in the High
Plains and Trans-Pecos areas. Damage ranged light to moderate in most areas of
OKLAHOMA throughout the season. However, from late July to mid-September occa-
sional heavy damage was reported in a few south-central and southwestern counties,
Populations in ARKANSAS were much lighter in 1968 than in 1967. Few fields
required treatment before August. Boll weevil was low again in MISSOURI in 1968,
The heaviest infestation was located in the extreme southwestern corner of
Dunklin County. Lighter infestations were found along the western edge of
Dunklin and Stoddard Counties and in scattered areas of Butler County. One
control application was made to 799 acres. Weevils began feeding on terminal
buds in the lower tier of counties in TENNESSEE in early June, and overwintered
adults were numerous by mid-June. Some punctured squares were found by late
June. Controls and unfavorable weather kept overwintered adults low. By mid-
July punctured squares ranged up to 50 percent (averaged 32 percent in untreated
fields) in the southern counties. By August 1 the first generation "hatch out"
was completed, egg laying became heavy, and punctured squares averaged 26 percent,
In the second week of August, punctured squares ranged 8-95 percent, and in the
southern tier of counties averaged 34 percent. Migration northward began from
"cut out" fields in mid-August. Punctured squares ranged 10-95 percent.
Migration northward and damage to late cotton and small bolls continued through-
out the area into September. Boll weevil damage throughout ALABAMA was about
equal to that of 1967 and was much worse than in the period 1963-1966. Survival
of first-generation eggs, larvae, and pupae was very high throughout the State.
Overwintered weevils emerged in large numbers. Weevil “hatch out" in June and}
July was very heavy in all areas, Although Squaring was Several weeks late in
the northern area, overwintered weevils survived to deposit many eggs in June

and July. Very heavy numbers entered hibernation in 1968. For Boll Weevil in
the Texas High Plains and Boll Weevil Complex see CEIR 19(7) :97.

- 165 -

BOLLWORM (Heliothis zea) was not the overall problem of 1967 in CALIFORNIA
although it was very prevalent. Bollworm was low throughout ARIZONA during the
entire season. Most larvae were killed by controls used for Pectinophora
ossypiella (pink bollworm). Scattered, light to heavy infestations of BOLLWORMS
Heliothis spp.) caused minor to moderate damage on cotton in southern NEW MEXICO
These pests were not serious in 1968. Bollworm and TOBACCO BUDWORM (Heliothis
virescens) occurred throughout the cotton areas of TEXAS, Phosphate-resistant
strains were detected in the Rio Grande Valley. Very light numbers were reported
from the High Plains area with heavier numbers generally present in the southern
area and the Trans-Pecos region, Bollworm ranged light to moderate on cotton in
most areas of OKLAHOMA from late June to late September but was occasionally
heavy in the central, south-central, southwestern, and west-central sections
of the State. Tobacco budworm comprised 60-75 percent of the populations in 2
central counties in mid-September. ;

Bollworm and tobacco budworm were much lighter in ARKANSAS in 1968 than in 1967.
Because the usual late July outbreaks did not occur, very few treatments were
applied before mid-August. H. virescens accounted for 10.2 percent of the 1,099
larvae determined. This percentage is higher than in past years because more
samples were taken in the southwestern area where tobacco budworm makes up 67
percent of the population. Tobacco budworm problems are increasing on cotton in
this area because of insecticide resistance, Both species began a slow buildup
in MISSOURI in mid-July that continued until the first killing frost. By the
second week of September, larvae infested 75 percent of the fields, Chemical
controls were applied to only 12.2 percent of the 14,431 acres scouted, including
acreage requiring more than one application, In TENNESSEE Heliothis spp. eggs
and larvae per 100 cotton terminals ranged 1-11 in late June, I-16 in late July,
and 2-20 in mid-August. By late August, egg laying subsided somewhat. Damage
remained heavy in late cotton, Bollworm and tobacco budworm became major pests
of cotton throughout ALABAMA following a buildup of 2 or more generations on
clover, vetch, and corn, The problem was about as serious as in 1967 but less
so than in 1965-1966,

CABBAGE LOOPER (Trichoplusia ni) and a NOCTUID MOTH (Pseudoplusia includens)
began appearing on cotton in ALABAMA as early as June. By August, larvae were
numerous and feeding on leaves. No special controls were applied. Cabbage
looper larvae appeared about mid-June in TENNESSEE, Throughout the cotton area,
foliar injury was not heavy enough to justify control for this pest alone. By
late August, disease reduced populations. P. includens larvae approached
economic levels in ARKANSAS in early September, the first time this species has
been numerous on cotton in the State. Cabbage looper was not economic in most
areas of OKLAHOMA. Both species damaged cotton in some sections of TEXAS.
Cabbage looper was the main problem in most cotton fields in ARIZONA from May
through mid-October. Special controls were required for this pest. Cabbage
looper also required controls in some CALIFORNIA areas.

BEET ARMYWORM (Spodoptera exigua) damaged young cotton in CALIFORNIA. During
May larvae were severe -12 per plant) on young cotton in Yuma County, ARIZONA,
heavy in Cochise and Graham Counties (up to three treatments applied), and
moderate in Maricopa and Pinal Counties. Normally a minor pest in NEW MEXICO,
beet armyworm larvae damaged many Seedling fields in the Mesilla and Pecos
Valleys during May and June, Heavy numbers on early cotton in TEXAS required
chemical controls in the El Paso, Trans-Pecos, South Plains, and Rolling Plains
areas.

EUROPEAN CORN BORER (Ostrinia nubilalis) damaged half of a 60-acre field of
early squaring cotton in Autauga County, ALABAMA. This field had been in
pasture sod for several years. European corn borer larvae were observed in
cotton bolls and stalks in MISSOURI. Heavy boll damage was observed in one
field of late-planted cotton in Stoddard County. CUTWORMS, mainly Peridroma
saucia (variegated cutworm) caused light to heavy damage to marginal rows of
cotton in scattered areas of southeastern Missouri. In most cases migration was
traced to volunteer legumes growing along ditchbanks. COTTON LEAF PERFORATOR

- 166 -

(Bucculatrix thurberiella) was severe on desert area cotton in CALIFORNIA.
Treatment for Other pests resulted in outbreaks of this pest.

LYGUS BUGS (Lygus spp.) were variable in cotton areas of CALIFORNIA, Controls
were required for these pests in NEVADA. However, less acreage was treated in
1968 than in 1967. Predators and parasites kept these pests at low levels. In
ARIZONA, populations of a FLEAHOPPER (Spanogonicus albofasciatus) from May
through July and lygus bugs from June through mid-July ranged moderate to heavy
in all cotton counties, From mid-July through August lygus bugs were high in
untreated fields. Damage by S. albofasciatus and COTTON FLEAHOPPER (Pseudatomo-
scelis seriatus) in NEW MEXICO appeared Somewhat lighter in 1968 than in past
years. Nevertheless, controls were applied, Cotton fleahopper damaged cotton in
some sections of TEXAS, P. seriatus infested cotton in west-central, south-
western, and south-central OKLAHOMA from mid-June through July. The heaviest
populations (10-60 per 100 feet) occurred in the southwestern area during late
June, TARNISHED PLANT BUG (Lygus lineolaris) and Neurocolpus nubilus became
economic on cotton in northeastern ARKANSAS in August. Loss of and damage to the
small bolis, not the squares, were the problems. Tarnished plant bug infested
most fields in TENNESSEE with increasing damage to pinhead squares during late
June, Early July infestations reached control levels in many fields. Through
mid-August damage, especially in rank cotton, continued about the same level.

In MISSOURI a complex of cotton fleahopper, tarnished plant bug, and RAPID PLANT
BUG (Adelphocoris rapidus) infested as much as 97.4 percent of the 14,431 acres
scouted, Plant bugs reached economic levels in very few fields, Controls were
applied to only 100 acres,

COTTON APHID (Aphis gossypii) ranged moderate to heavy on young cotton in
Cochise, Graham, Maricopa, Pima, and Pinal Counties, ARIZONA, from mid-April
through mid-May. This aphid damaged cotton in some sections of TEXAS. Popula-
tions in southwestern OKLAHOMA wére heavy in scattered fields in late June.

Only isolated infestations occurred on cotton seedlings in MISSOURI. Beneficial
insects kept cotton aphid under control in Missouri and only 100 acres were
treated, Throughout ALABAMA early counts of 1-25 per plant infested 2 to 4-leaf
cotton, Large numbers of Hippodamia convergens (convergent lady beetle)
controlled these cotton aphid populations in 10-20 days.

WESTERN FLOWER THRIPS (Frankliniella occidentalis) curled leaves on young
untreated cotton plants in Graham, Maricopa, Pima, Pinal, and Yuma Counties,
ARIZONA, from mid-April to mid-May. Frankliniella spp. populations were not
economic in most areas of OKLAHOMA, Although lighter in 1968 than in 1967,
thrips were heavier than normal in ARKANSAS. The problem occurred mainly on late
cotton, In MISSOURI infestations of TOBACCO THRIPS (F. fusca), FLOWER THRIPS
(F. tritici), and Sericothrips variabilis were again fairly widespread but much
lighter than in 1967. Chemical controls were applied to 7,070 of the 14,431
acres scouted, The treated acreage included 2,580 acres to which systemic
insecticides were applied at planting time. Thrips, mostly tobacco thrips and
flower thrips, infested cotton throughout ALABAMA, especially the 2 to 6-leaf
stage. Control efforts were general in the northern area and extended into much
of the central area.

SPIDER MITES were not so damaging as in 1967 in CALIFORNIA; chemical controls for
other pests were responsible for buildups. While controls were required for
spider mites in NEVADA, less acreage was treated in 1968 than in 1967, Predators
and parasites kept these pests at low levels. Spider mites, mainly STRAWBERRY
SPIDER MITE (Tetranychus turkestani), infested 7.04 percent of the scouted cotton
acreage in MISSOURI. Spot and strip treatments were effective, Spider mite
damage in TENNESSEE became more noticeable in untreated fields by mid-July. By
late July, injury was severe throughout the cotton area. During mid-August,
infestations continued to increase and the worst conditions in Several years
occurred in some areas, In late August untreated fields were completely defoli-
ated. TWO-SPOTTED SPIDER MITE (T. urticae) and other mites were confined mainly
to central and northern ALABAMA, Although not so severe as in 1957-1962, prob-
lems during the dry season of 1968 were worse than in the past 4-5 years,

= 6 —

especially in the central area. Widespread use of preplant systemic insecticides
contributed to early and midseason suppression,

TOBACCO
Highlights:

Several CUTWORMS were troublesome on tobacco in Florida, but POTATO TUBERWORM
infestations decreased, TOBACCO FLEA BEETLE was heavy in areas of Maryland, but
GREEN PEACH APHID was the major tobacco pest in the State.

Several CUTWORMS were troublesome on tobacco in FLORIDA. Light to moderate
numbers of BLACK CUTWORM (Agrotis ipsilon) , VARIEGATED CUTWORM (Peridroma saucia),
and GRANULATE CUTWORM (Feltia subterranea) damaged young transplants of flue-
cured tobacco, These pests accounted for 1.0 percent of the $1,488,240 insect
loss to this crop in Florida. These 3 species caused moderate to severe damage

to young transplants of cigar-wrapper tobacco, Populations were heavy, but good
controls checked the amount of damage. Loss amounted to 0.5 percent of the
$784,686 insect loss. CABBAGE LOOPER (Trichoplusia ni) was light on cigar-wrapper
tobacco in Florida with most damage occurring early in the season. Loss was 0.3
percent,

BUDWORMS (Heliothis spp.) caused light damage to tobacco in MARYLAND, but no
controls were needed, HORNWORMS (Manduca spp.) ranged O-6 per 50 plants in
MARYLAND. In an unusually heavy infestation in St. Marys County, larvae ranged
30-45 per 50 plants. Very few controls were applied specifically for hornworms
except in St. Marys County. In VIRGINIA, Manduca sp was generally light on
tobacco with increases early and late in the season.

POTATO TUBERWORM (Phthorimaea operculella) was light on cigar-wrapper tobacco in
FLORIDA, Populations decreased from those of 1967. This pest accounted for 0.1
percent of the loss to this crop. Infestations on flue-cured tobacco were also
lighter than in 1967, and light damage resulted, Loss to this crop by potato
tuberworm amounted to 0.4 percent. Populations did not increase in 1968 as
expected.

TOBACCO FLEA BEETLE (Epitrix hirtipennis) caused light losses to cigar-wrapper
tobacco in FLORIDA. Loss was 0.3 percent. Losses to flue-cured tobacco were
negligible. This flea beetle caused heavy damage to new transplants in VIRGINIA,
but damage to the marketable crop was very light. Second-generation adults
appeared in August. Tobacco flea beetle was heavy on tobacco in St. Marys,
Charles, and Anne Arundel Counties, MARYLAND. In some fields where feeding was
heavy, 5-10 percent of newly set plants had to be replaced. Late season injury
remained light to moderate. No controls were applied to mature tobacco in
Maryland. Tobacco flea beetle adults ranged 1-7 per tobacco leaf by mid-July
in southern INDIANA and 4-21 per leaf by late August. Controls were warranted
in a few plantings in the southeastern area.

SOUTHERN POTATO WIREWORM (Conoderus falli) was a problem on cigar-wrapper tobacco
in FLORIDA where no controls were made or applications were inadequate. The
number of wireworm problems was about the same as in 1967. This pest accounted
for 0.1 percent of the loss to this crop. Southern potato wireworm and TOBACCO
WIREWORM (C. vespertinus) were heavy in some fields of flue-cured tobacco in the
State. These pests accounted for 0.6 percent of the loss to this crop.

VEGETABLE WEEVIL (Listroderes costirostris obliquus) caused light damage to cigar-
wrapper tobacco in the plant beds in FLORIDA. Damage to flue-cured tobacco was
negligible.

- 168 -

A FALSE CHINCH BUG (Nysius raphanus) increased slightly and was noted in about 25
acres of cigar-wrapper tobacco in FLORIDA. Damage was light, but the potential
for damage is greater than for Myzus persicae (green peach aphid) at this time.
This chinch bug appears to be a dry weather pest of tobacco in Florida, It
accounted for 0.1 percent of the loss in 1968.

GREEN PEACH APHID (Myzus persicae) was the major pest of tobacco in MARYLAND in
1968. Infestations varied considerably from field to field. Controls were
applied to most of the 36,000 acres in the State. Populations in VIRGINIA
increased early in the season but declined in July, probably due to unfavorable
weather, Damage was lighter than in 1967. Green peach aphid was numerous in
some fields of flue-cured tobacco in FLORIDA; however, spot treatments minimized
damage, This aphid accounted for 0.5 percent of the loss to this crop. Green
peach aphid caused light damage to some cigar-wrapper tobacco in Florida,
accounting for 0.1 percent of the loss to this crop.

RED-LEGGED GRASSHOPPER (Melanoplus femurrubrum) and AMERICAN GRASSHOPPER
(Schistocerca americana) caused light damage in isolated fields of flue-cured
tobacco in FLORIDA. Unspecified grasshoppers caused moderate damage in Some
fields of tobacco in eastern TENNESSEE due to harvesting of adjacent hayfields.

Weather continued from page 146.
WEATHER OF THE WEEK ENDING FEBRUARY 24

HIGHLIGHTS: Winter storms disrupted power and communication, clogged highways
and mountain passes, closed schools, and, in Some areas, increased the likelihood
of spring floods.

PRECIPITATION: A storm system off the northern Atlantic coast on Monday, February
24, dumped heavy snow over northern New England before tapering off about midweek.
By Wednesday, 2 feet of snow had fallen at Boston, Massachusetts, and 3'feet at
St. Johnsbury, Vermont. In some areas, the snow fell continuously for more than
100 hours and many schools remained closed the entire week. The storm increased
the February snowfall totals at numerous stations sufficiently to set new records
for the month of February. Another storm about 300 miles off the Pacific coast
of California on Monday soaked coastal sections with heavy rain and dumped heavy
snow in the nearby mountains. The snow closed some of the highway passes in the
Sierras and the rain sent some of the rivers above flood stage. Some flooding

and mud slides occurred in southern California. The 2 to 3-foot increase in
Snowpack in the Sierras brings it to near record depth and increased the flood
potential. Clearing began about midweek in the Far West but snow continued in

the Great Basin and began in the central and southern Rocky Mountains and spread
to the northern and central Great Plains. By Friday morning, 17 inches of new
snow had fallen at Aberdeen, South Dakota, increasing the depth to 25 inches. A
mixture of snow, freezing rain, and freezing drizzle south of the snow area iced
communication and power lines, interrupting power and communication, and glazed
roads and highways making driving hazardous. The weekend brought three more
storms. One of these moved northward along the Atlantic coast, unloaded up to a
foot or more of new snow to parts of New York and New England and generally lesser
amounts to other northeastern States. Another weekend storm deposited 8 to 10
inches or more of new snow in the Texas Panhandle and in nearby portions of
Oklahoma and Kansas with rain southeastward to the gulf. The third weekend

storm, located off the Pacific coast, brought generous rain to the coast with snow
in the mountains of northern and central California.

TEMPERATURE: Bitter cold weather continued in Montana with much of the central
part of the State averaging 10° to 18° colder than normal. The southern Great
Plains warmed. The northern Great Plains continued pleasant for the fourth
consecutive week and it was the third cool week in the Southeast. (Summary
supplied by Environmental Data Service, ESSA.)

ue AND F

i

Sip PARTMENT OF

(oe
ee Vol. 193 No. i March 14, 1969
a a

Cee

and 70 \od

“pate

Coope ta ie
ECONOMIC INSECT
REPORT

| : Issued by
‘PLANT PEST CONTROL DIVISION
AGRICULTURAL RESEARCH SERVICE
UNITED STATES DEPARTMENT OF AGRICULTURE

AGRICULTURAL RESEARCH SERVICE

PLANT PEST CONTROL DIVISION

SURVEY AND DETECTION OPERATIONS

The Cooperative Economic Insect Report is issued
weekly as a service to American Agriculture. Its contents
are compiled from information supplied by cooperating State,
Federal, and industrial entomologists and other agricultural
workers. In releasing this material the Division serves as
a clearing house and doesnot assume responsibility for ac-
curacy of the material.

All reports and inquiries pertaining to this release,
including the mailing list, should be sent to:

Survey and Detection Operations
Plant Pest Control Division
Agricultural Research Service
United States Department of Agriculture
Federal Center Building
Hyattsville, Maryland 20782

Volume 19 March 14, 1969 Number 11
COOPERATIVE ECONOMIC INSECT REPORT
HIGHLIGHTS

Current Conditions
ALFALFA WEEVIL increasing in alfalfa in Oktibbeha County, Mississippi. (p. 172).

GREEN JUNE BEETLE and WHITE GRUBS causing concern in Sand Mountain area of
Alabama. (p. 171).

Carryover of EUROPEAN RED MITE winter eggs high throughout Yakima Valley of
Oregon.’ (p. 172).

SHORT-NOSED CATTLE LOUSE heavy in Mayes County, Oklahoma. (p. 174).

Detection

New State records include a TENEBRIONID BEETLE from Washington (p. 175), a PLANT
BUG from Delaware (p. 173), and SUNFLOWER MOTH from Arkansas (p. 178).

For new county records see page 175.

Forecasts

BEET LEAFHOPPER populations in desert breeding areas lower than last year.
Movement to cultivated districts in central Arizona and southeastern California,
southern Nevada, southern and eastern Utah, and western Colorado expected to be
light to moderate. Movement to northern Utah expected to be light. (p. 171).

POTATO TUBERWORM expected to be problem in untreated potato storage bins on
Eastern Shore of Virginia. (p. 180).
Special Reports
Summary of Insect Conditions in the United States - 1968
Sugarbeets (p. 177).
Miscellaneous Field Crops (p. 178).
Potatoes, Tomatoes, Peppers (pp. 178-181).
Beans and Peas (pp. 181-182).
Cole Crops (pp. 182-184).
Cucurbits (pp. 184-185).
General Vegetables (pp. 185-187).

European Chafer Quarantine Map. Centerfold.

Distribution of Smaller European Elm Bark Beetle (map). (p. 188).

Some First Occurrences of Season

PEAR PSYLLA adults in Washington and Oregon; EASTERN LUBBER GRASSHOPPER nymphs
in Florida; SUBTERRANEAN TERMITE swarms in Delaware.

Reports in this issue are for week ending March 7 unless otherwise indicated.

= ie) =

i k7/(O)

CONTENTS
Special Insects of Regional Significance...........0..0.. moniooDoooodCooAcdpoo ood
Insects Affecting

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Turf. Pas tunes, Rangeland). ciscic cic 0 Lied! Ornamental'Sivres clelejale slelelercveletolelsharenele ys)
HOGA ES WSCUMES)scetelieie erelerehcliote slalelsnenceietlnti2 Forest and Shade TreeS......0.s.se«.lt3
COMOBSTOPSiper-netokersiols ol Vereneleleuctereronst ener ofl gire Man’ and! Ansimaillsys.csc.e).c eionevelel eel ciereverenorenlais
Deciduous Fruits and Nuts.........172 Households and StructureS....-.62e2-.1l/4
GarlPVUSisciare shone omcierciclenedsioveleteverclersrenrenely(ie

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Federal and State Plant Protection Programs....... Sie elelsiislici evel silence e)sielellsliovetenesoe een menep Mice
PNSEGCiG DESC ClO eis wis tereie loreseds vey ore el eio)-01s vollelle, ey olleiloe efiele\fous elias siteilellsNelie/ielelel eyes: ele) stellehienetcloleneteNoNeReRE ACEO
lipled oye, “bieteie) (CoulalexsiesKomisngdGocoucoOnUO Undo oUd OOS SobODsGe OOD 600 oi elie a! e\eifefehioReliol ol shoneichen eee ALO)
COGLEGUAOMS syste secs! slelete/slclo lech oreo oieneuetshciciecersNetercteteletercheteredeticnehete sife elie je (elrejeisise) (el elrelenevelenahoRepemen adh)
Hawada Insecit’ Repo ritssocc 's exelecons ile levelies ec. one eireieiet o1.0f otto yoysl ovelelieieVoverenelie sielsiislionereielelelegersnelocoRsPopekoenepaiO)
Summary of Insect Conditions in United States - 1968
SUPA DES ST irae «tore, ole) oie) 00/0) olahe! alc 'e\ ele} el eclieleleiicliciei eho ole ofetelenel cl alicksKorelns/'c-cleVeleofohoneleteheteReneNRer CNG
Miscellaneous Elelidl 4GropSic\. weiss sie cleneve cs icieveferensis evenededelisheney chelieheieiererolelehelenenclehelenelohenen Renn athe
Potatoes’, Tomaitoes,, PEppeTrSic« exerere se 0/6016, | +\\e''e (eliolelie!--e;/e/ie) o\'el sie|leielsi(ere) el 6) eel e/a) eliel cl otenonene nomen nike
Beans and Densities en eae FOOD OOOO OO OOD DAO OOUOO UO OC OUU ODO CO Booooo oo oll
CoOMeROrTOPS hye tercuelchateievovorelereyevelslehere siisvieblonier ahs ehle vetlel el elel/oleherolencveteleletehevereleietel snsieholevetonenet Wenehemmer aco
CUGUTD TGS Si cs crareleieilelcitercheecelerete wile leiloueteroisheloccicione lepaloweiobeletebeleretonereheretolsrel iteloleKcnenelcichehcheneneNenenleoee
General” VeretialbMlesiicicis orsceveuveieelercnerens) eles sve lercleloieieletedtersnonclellehefetotereVcreler onedelellstkoporedetenMenerenep Or)
European Chafer Quarantine Map. Centerfold.
Distribution of ‘Smaller European’ Elm’ Bark Beetle “CGmalp) 22% oie c cic ove ciclere sie cieveteieneterloe

WEATHER OF THE WEEK ENDING MARCH 3

HIGHLIGHTS: Cold stormy weather prevailed over most of the Nation. Heavy snow
fell in many areas and severe thunderstorms occurred in parts of the Deep South.

PRECIPITATION: Heavy snow fell in many areas during the week. On Monday,
Worcester, Massachusetts, received 5 inches while 15 ‘inches fell at Mt. Washington,
New Hampshire, accompanied by winds gusting to 62 m.p.h. Some areas in New
England lay under 5-6 feet of snow. A heavy snow storm moved across the southern
Rocky Mountains on Tuesday. It dumped 4 inches of snow at Cedar City, and 3
inches at Bryce Canyon, both in Utah and by Wednesday was bringing snow to the
eastern slopes of the Rockies from Wycming to the Texas Panhandle. About mid-
week, a Pacific storm lashed the northwest coast with gales and heavy rain,and
spreading Snow inland to the Rocky Mountains. At Paradise Ranger Station,
Washington, the Ssnowpack reached 255 inches, over 21 feet. Meanwhile, the wet
weather continued over mid-America. Substantial rain fell from eastern Texas

to Alabama with lighter rain northward to southern Missouri. Severe thunder-
storms occurred in southern Louisiana with wind gusts reaching 70 m.p.h. Light
snow occurred from the northern Great Plains to the Great Lakes. Thursday
brought rain to the southern Appalachians with rain in the higher elevations.

On Saturday, a storm produced blizzard conditions from Kansas to the Texas
Panhandle with heavy thunderstorms ahead of the front. Strong winds drifted the
snow badly, closing some roads in southern Kansas to northwestern Oklahoma. In
the afternoon as the storm moved northeastward, it Spread snow through the Ohio
River Valley to the central Appalachians. Heavy downpours fell in Florida on
Sunday. The deep accumulations of snow, record-breaking in some areas and near
record in other, are a threat of spring floods, especially in north-central
United States along the tributaries of the upper Mississippi River, the Red River
of the North, and the lower Missouri River. Weather continued on page 176.

ALP aL

SPECIAL INSECTS OF REGIONAL SIGNIFICANCE
Beet Leafhopper Survey in Desert Areas of Southern Utah and Nevada,
Southeastern California, and Central Arizona

Surveys were conducted for beet leafhopper (Circulifer tenellus) during the
period February 3-13, 1969. If present conditions prevail, Spring movement from
the southern breeding grounds to cultivated districts of central Arizona and
southeastern California, southern Nevada, southern and eastern Utah, and western
Colorado is expected to be light to moderate; movement to northern Utah is
expected to be light.

The southern breeding grounds, comprising approximately 50,000 square miles of
potential weed host area, were considered to have an estimated 43.5-percent host
plant cover at the time of the survey. As a result of fall and winter rains,
annual host plants were found generally throughout central and southern Arizona,
Elsewhere, lack of moisture restricted host plant germination and plants were
sparse.

The average number of beet leafhoppers per square foot where host plants were
present was 0.028 in 1969, compared with 0.034 in 1968, 0.09 in 1967, 0.013 in
19667) OF 04hin 1965.60), 15) iny1964 002 cin L963). and 0.012 in 1962.) “rt ds
estimated from the data collected during this survey that overwintering beet
leafhoppers in the spring breeding areas totaled 14 billion in 1969 compared with
ZA abil aion tans 1963, 032.7 ibid lion inwl967, 6.5 billion in 1966 9 12) bidiion in
1965, 112 billion in 1964, 7.7 billion in 1963, and 6.1 billion in 1962.

This report covers only the beet leafhopper situation in the area surveyed. It
has no reference to populations that may have overwintered in local breeding
areas in northern and eastern Utah, or western Colorado, or western Nevada.
(PPC West. Reg.).

CORN LEAF APHID (Rhopalosiphum maidis) - CALIFORNIA - Medium on 80 acres of
barley in Ontario, San Bernardino County. (Cail 1Goop: eRpit)) :

GREENBUG (Schizaphis graminum) - CALIFORNIA - Medium on 80 acres of barley in
Ontario, San Bernardino County. (Cal. Coop. Rpt.). NEW MEXICO - Ranged 15-35
per linear foot in most Curry County wheat. Ranged up to 150 per linear foot
in 1 field. Damage evident on lower leaves. (Mathews). OKLAHOMA - Ranged
50-150 per linear foot on wheat in Jackson and Tillman Counties, and scattered
fields in Chattanooga area of Comanche County, Duncan area of Stephens County,
and Tuttle area of Grady County. Ranged 1-20 per linear foot in Cotton, Kiowa,
Noble, Payne, and Washita Counties. (Okla. Coop. Sur.). ARKANSAS - Ranged
20-25 per 100 sweeps in northwest area. (Boyer) .

SMALL GRAINS

ENGLISH GRAIN APHID (Macrosiphum avenae) - ARKANSAS - Ranged 15-20 per 100
Sweeps in northwest area, (Boyer). CALIFORNIA - Medium on 80 acres of barley
in Ontario, San Bernardino County. (Cal Coope Rpt)

TURF, PASTURES, RANGELAND

GREEN JUNE BEETLE (Cotinis nitida) - ALABAMA - This species and Phyllophaga spp.
(white grubs) ranged 20-25 grubs per square foot in 50+ percent of fescue
fields in Cullman County. Grubs much heavier in areas spread with broiler
manure and litter. Occurrences light to heavy in Sand Mountain area. (Baswell
Qe Alea

EASTERN LUBBER GRASSHOPPER (Romalea microptera) - FLORIDA - First instar nymphs
found in Sebring, Highlands County. First report of season. (Shelton).

eedli7f74n

FORAGE LEGUMES

ALFALFA WEEVIL (Hypera postica) - MISSISSIPPI - Larval infestations increasing,
about 25-30 per square foot in Oktibbeha County alfalfa. (Dinkins, Feb. 21).

PEA APHID (Acyrthosiphon pisum) - MISSISSIPPI - Moderate in Oktibbeha County
alfalfa. Adults and nymphs about 25-30 per foot. (Dinkins, Feb. 21). ARKANSAS -
Very low in vetch in northwest area. (Boyer).

THREE-CORNERED ALFALFA HOPPER (Spissistilus festinus) - MISSISSIPPI - Adults very
light in Oktibbeha County alfalfa. (Dinkins, Feb. 21).

COLE CROPS

CABBAGE LOOPER (Trichoplusia ni) - FLORIDA - Larvae of this species and Plutella
xylostella (diamondback moth) infested 50 untreated cabbage plants nearing
Maturity at Belle Glade, Palm Beach County. Collected and determined by W.G.
Genung... - (Filla. Coop. ‘Sur. , Feb... 26)';

DECIDUOUS FRUITS AND NUTS

CODLING MOTH (Carpocapsa pomonella) - WASHINGTON - Overwintering mortality of
full-grown larvae 60 percent in Sample on pear in Yakima, Yakima County.
(Johnson).

EUROPEAN RED MITE (Panonychus ulmi) - WASHINGTON - Carryover of winter eggs high
throughout Yakima Valley. Viability unaffected by subfreezing temperatures except
where extreme lows occurred. (Johnson) ,

GREEN PEACH APHID (Myzus persicae) - WASHINGTON - Eggs hatching on peach twigs
February 19 in Yakima County. First stem mother nymphs noted same date.
(Johnson).

PEAR PSYLLA (Psylla pyricola) - WASHINGTON - High percentage of adults survived
severe freezing in December and January. Overwintering adults active in Yakima
Valley. Mating observed March 3, but no oviposition noted at Parker Heights,
Yakima County. (Johnson). OREGON - First spraying completed in Jackson County.
Oviposition February 25, no hatching to date. (Berry). In Hood River County
up to 15 percent of females with mature eggs; no oviposition noted. (Zwick).

CITRUS

AN ARMORED SCALE (Unaspis citri) - FLORIDA - All stages severe on numerous young
citrus trees at 2 nurseries in Orange County February 18-27. (Musgrove, Ware).

SMALL FRUITS

GRAPE MEALYBUG (Pseudococcus maritimus) - WASHINGTON - First-stage nymphs and
eggs found in egg sacs under rough bark of Concord grapes. No movement of
nymphs from egg sacs at Prosser, Benton County. (Cone).

= AS a

ORNAMENTALS

WHITE PEACH SCALE (Pseudaulacaspis pentagona) - FLORIDA - Adults on castorbean
(Ricinus communis) at Orlando, Orange County, January 24. Collected by A.C.
Crews. This is a new Florida Department of Plant Industry host record. (Fla.
Coop’. Sux).))<

TEA SCALE (Fiorinia theae) - ALABAMA - Heavy, 100+ per leaf, on camelia plants
in Barbour County. Crawlers present on leaves; some defoliation. (Hagler).

FOREST AND SHADE TREES

SMALLER EUROPEAN ELM BARK BEETLE (Scolytus multistriatus) - IOWA - Adults emerged
March 2 in a house in Orange City, Sioux County. (Iowa Ins. Sur.),

SPRUCE APHID (Elatobium abietinum) - OREGON - Appearing in Portland, Multnomah
County. (Nicolaison).

BLACK VINE WEEVIL (Brachyrhinus sulcatus) - WASHINGTON - Larvae very heavy on
roots of 10,000 container-grown blue spruce at nursery in Olympia, Thurston
County. Pupation began March 3. (Saunders).

A PLANT BUG (Plagiognathus delicatus) - DELAWARE - Collected on honeylocust in
northern New Castle County June 8, 1968, by D.F. Bray. Determined by P,P,
Burbutis. This is a new State record. (Burbutis),

AN ARMORED SCALE (Clavaspis coursetiae) - FLORIDA - Infesting buttonwood
(Conocarpus erectus) at Ft. Pierce, St. Lucie County, August 23, 1968. Collected
by E.W. Campbell. This is a new Florida Department of Plant Industry host and
county record. “(Fla. Coop. Sur..).

WALNUT SCALE (Aspidiotus juglansregiae) - FLORIDA - Collected on honeylocust
January 23, 1969, and Silver maple April 24, 1968. Both collections made at
same nursery in Gainesville, Alachua County. Collected by A.E. Graham. These
are new Florida Department of Plant Industry host records. (Fla. -Coop:..;Sur...):

MAN AND ANIMALS

SCREW-WORM (Cochliomyia hominivorax) - Five cases reported in U.S. March 2-8 as
follows: TEXAS - Hidalgo 1, Live Oak 1, Maverick 2, Starr 1. Total of 96 cases
reported in portion of Barrier Zone in Republic of Mexico February 23 to March 1
as follows: Territorio sur de Baja California 3, Sonora 46, Coahuila 5, Nuevo
Leon 7, Tamaulipas 35. Total of 17 cases reported in Mexico south of Barrier
Zone. Barrier Zone is area where eradication operation underway to prevent
establishment of self-sustaining population in U.S. Sterile screw-worm flies
released: Texas 45,768,000; Mexico 106,580,000. (Anim. Health Div.).

COMMON CATTLE GRUB (Hypoderma lineatum) - COLORADO - Grubs in cattle in the Nunn
area, Weld County. Averaged 9 per head in untreated and 2 per head in treated
animals. (Hantsbarger).

FACE FLY (Musca autumnalis) - MISSOURI - Emerged from winter hibernation in house
at Lamar, Barton County, February 27. Collected by C.G. Jones. Determined by
W.S. Craig. This is a new county record. (Munson). OREGON - Active adult
female found in Salem, Marion County. (Goeden).

=) Lia —

MOSQUITOES - MISSISSIPPI - Culiseta inornata, Culex salinarius, Culex restuans,
Anopheles quadrimaculatus, Anopheles crucians, Aedes vexans adults collected in
Hancock County. Culiseta inornata and Culex salinarius dominant. Larvae of
Culex restuans most abundant of larvae found. (Dinkins).

CATTLE LICE - OKLAHOMA - Mostly Haematopinus eurysternus (short-nosed cattle
louse) heavy on cattle in Mayes County, moderate in Ellis County, and light in
Washington County. (Okla. Coop. Sur.). MISSISSIPPI - Linognathus vituli
(long-nosed cattle louse) very heavy on 60 beef cattle, calves appear more
heavily infested in Oktibbeha County. (Dinkins, Feb. 21).

CHICKEN BODY LOUSE (Menacanthus stramineus) - ARKANSAS - Heavy and widespread in
northwest area. (Simco).

EAR TICK (Otobius megnini) - OKLAHOMA - Found 4 ticks on 2 of 15 steers in
Washington County. (Okla. Coop. Sur.).

NORTHERN FOWL MITE (Ornithonyssus sylviarum) - COLORADO - Economic on poultry
farm in Adams County; causing hens to molt. Controls necessary. (Hantsbarger).

HOUSEHOLDS AND STRUCTURES

A POWDER-POST BEETLE (Lyctus sp.) - OREGON - Severe in understructure of house
near Ashland, Jackson County. Prevalent in timbers with dry rot fungus. (Larson,
Berry).

SUBTERRANEAN TERMITES (Reticulitermes spp.) - DELAWARE - First swarm of season
reported in Sussex County. (Milford, Feb. 17). MICHIGAN - R. flavipes (eastern
subterranean termite) swarming in Allegan County. (Janes).

BENEFICIAL INSECTS

A CRYPTOCHETID FLY (Cryptochetum iceryae) - CALIFORNIA - Larvae and pupae
parasitizing Icerya purchasi (cottony-cushion scale) in Yuba City, Sutter
County.” \(CalGoop. sRptsp

LADY BEETLES - NEW MEXICO - Mostly Hippodamia convergens (convergent lady beetle)
up to 3 per linear foot in small grain fields in Curry County. (Mathews).

FEDERAL AND STATE PLANT PROTECTION PROGRAMS

IMPORTED FIRE ANT (Solenopsis saevissima richteri) - TENNESSEE - Surveys negative
in Hamilton, Lincoln, and Wayne Counties. Harris, Watson).

WHITE GARDEN SNAIL (Theba pisana) - CALIFORNIA - Light on 3 properties in
Manhattan Beach eradication area. These infestations extend buffer block treat-
ment by 4 city blocks. (Cal. Coop. Rpt.).

- 175 -

INSECT DETECTION

New State Records

A TENEBRIONID BEETLE (Tribolium brevicornis) - WASHINGTON - Found in alfalfa
leafcutter bee nest material at Zillah, Yakima County. Nest material received
from out of State. Determined by H.H. Hatch. (Eves).

SUNFLOWER MOTH (Homoeosoma electellum) - ARKANSAS - Larvae were collected on
sunflower in Jackson County, by W.P. Boyer on July 29, 1968. Determination was
made by D.M. Weisman. Reared adults were determined by W.D. Duckworth. (p. 178).

A PLANT BUG (Plagiognathus delicatus) - DELAWARE - Collected on honeylocust in
northern New Castle County June 8, 1968, by D.F. Bray. Determined by P.P.
Buybutis..) (po. .173)).

New County Records
AN ARMORED SCALE (Clavaspis coursetiae) - FLORIDA - St. Lucie County. (p. 173).

FACE FLY (Musca autumnalis) - MISSOURI - Barton County. (p. 173).

LIGHT TRAP COLLECTIONS

FLORIDA - Gainesville - 2/28-3/6, BL - Black cutworm (Agrotis ipsilon) 1,
granulate cutworm (Feltia subterranea) 9, variegated cutworm (Peridroma saucia)
1. TEXAS - Brownsville — 2718-376, 2BL - Armyworm (Pseudaletia unipuncta) 29,
black cutworm 43, cabbage looper (Trichoplusia ni) 3, corn earworm (Heliothis
zea) 44, granulate cutworm 11, pale-sided cutworm (Agrotis malefida) 62, tobacco
budworm (Heliothis virescens) 2, tobacco hornworm (Manduca Sexta) 1, variegated
cutworm 16, yellow-Striped armyworm (Prodenia ornithogalli) 3.

CUTWORMS - OHIO - Blacklight trap operated throughout winter at Wooster, Wayne
County, to determine earliest moth flights. Following moths collected February
2, 1969: Eupsilia morrisoni 2, E. sidus 1, and Plathypena scabra (green clover-
worm) 1. February 1, 1967, previous earliest date for these Species in Wayne
County. (Rings).

CORRECTIONS

CEIR 19(10):160 - RAPID PLANT BUG (Adelphorcoris rapidus) should read (Adelphocoris
rapidus) aR

CEIR 19(8):122 - TOMATO HORNWORM (Manduca quinquemaculata) should read TOBACCO
HORNWORM (Manduca sexta) for Oregon. (Westcott). TOMATO HORNWORM (M.
quinquemaculata) correct for Kansas.

=i Ore

HAWAII INSECT REPORT

Turf, Pasture, Rangeland - Larvae of a GRASS WEBWORM (Herpetogramma licarsisalis)
caused 75 percent damage in 5 acres of Bermuda grass and heavy Sporadic damage in
5 acres of Kikuyu grass at Haiku, Maui; larvae and adults trace to light in

other areas. Damage negligible throughout Hilo and Kona, Hawaii; medium to heavy
on various grasses in Puna. Larvae and adults trace on Oahu and Kauai.
(Miyahira, Sugawa, Yoshioka, et al.).

Fruits and Nuts - COCONUT SCALE (Aspidiotus destructor) becoming widespread on
coconut trees in Koko Head, Oahu. Light on leaves of many previously uninfested
trees. (Nakao). A BARK BEETLE (Xylosandrus compactus) medium on avocado trees
at Koa Ridge Farm, Kipapa, Oahu. (Suzukawa, Davis). FLORIDA RED SCALE
(Chrysomphalus aonidum) heavy on many coconut leaves in Lihue, Wailua, Poipu, and
Anahola, Kauai. Medium to heavy on coconut leaves in various areas in Honolulu,
Oahu. (Sugawa, Funasaki).

Ornamentals - Nymphs and adults of A PLATASPID BUG (Coptosoma xanthogramma) heavy
on flowers of jade vine along library building in Lihue and on maunaloa vine in
Ahukini, Kapahi, Koloa, and Anahola, Kauai. Eggs and adults light on flowers of
young coralbeans (Erythrina spp.) at Koa Ridge Farm at Kipapa and light to
medium on maunaloa vine along windward coast on Oahu. (Sugawa, Suzukawa, Davis,
et al.). HAWAIIAN THRIPS (Taeniothrips hawaiiensis) medium to heavy on maunaloa
flowers on Kauai, Oahu, and probably other islands. Buildup on gardenia blossoms
anticipated within several weeks as most gardenias in bud stage and expected to
bloom from late March. CROTON CATERPILLAR (Achaea janata) heavy on castorbean
plants at Koko Head and heavily damaged croton hedge at Kailua, Oahu. Further
increase and spread expected. (Funasaki, Olson).

Man and Animals - HORN FLY (Haematobia irritans) adults moderate to heavy on
cattle in open pasture, light on cattle in feeding pen at Ulupalakua, Maui.
(Miyahira).

Beneficial Insects - A PTEROMALID WASP (Muscidifurax raptor) recovered for the
first time on island of Hawaii at Kawaihae and Keaau. Released on Hawaii for
control of the house fly (Musca domestica) and other filth inhabiting flies.
(Yoshioka).

Miscellaneous Insects - Adults of a GRASSHOPPER (Oedaleus abruptus) spreading from
Known infested grassy areas at Hickam Air Force Base, Honolulu, Oahu; moving
toward barracks and housing area. (Olson). Heavy winds on north shore of Oahu
during past two weeks may generate severe outbreak of COCONUT LEAF ROLLER
(Hedylepta blackburni). Last explosive outbreak in 1959 preceded by heavy

winds.

Weather continued from page 170.

TEMPERATURE: Temperatures averaged below normal over almost the entire Nation.
The cold weather has been remarkable because of its intensity and persistence.
Montana has shivered through eleven weeks of cold weather and the Deep South
has been cold for the past 3-4 weeks. Temperatures in the past week averaged
9° to 18° below normal over most of Montana and southward across the western
Great Plains to the gulf. Most of the Rocky Mountains averaged more than 9°
below normal. On Sunday, subzero temperatures occurred in 16 States. (Summary
supplied by Environmental Data Service, ESSA.)

- 177 -

SUMMARY OF INSECT CONDITIONS IN THE UNITED STATES - 1968
(Continued from page 168)

SUGARBEETS
Highlights:

ZEBRA CATERPILLAR, BEET ARMYWORM, and BEET WEBWORM were major pests of sugarbeets
in the Arkansas Valley of Colorado, Beet armyworm was heavy in southern Arizona,
SUGAR-BEET ROOT MAGGOT was damaging in Cass County, North Dakota, for the first
time,

Lepidoptera were of concern on sugarbeets in 1968, VARIEGATED CUTWORM (Peridroma
saucia) was spotted and heavy in the panhandle area of NEBRASKA in late August
and September; few controls were necessary. ZEBRA CATERPILLAR (Ceramica picta) ,
BEET ARMYWORM (Spodoptera exigua), and BEET WEBWORM (Loxostege sticticalis) were
the major pests in the Arkansas Valley of COLORADO. Losses in the eastern area
were light. Beet webworm injury in UTAH was very low due to unusually low
numbers of adults. Beet armyworm larvae in ARIZONA ranged light to moderate in

5 southern counties in March and April. From May through mid-June numbers were
heavy in Cochise and Graham Counties. Many acres were plowed under in Cochise
County. During October and November populations ranged moderate to heavy in
Maricopa and Pinal Counties. Very few growers treated, In CALIFORNIA variegated
cutworm was heavy on beets in Imperial County and SALT-MARSH CATERPILLAR
(Estigmene acrea) damaged beets in Yolo and Santa Cruz Counties.

Several beetles were troublesome on sugarbeets in 1968, High numbers of SPOTTED
BLISTER BEETLE (Epicauta maculata) infested fields in Goshen County, WYOMING, in
late July. About 500 acres were treated, Larvae of unspecified FLEA BEETLES
damaged sugarbeets in MONTANA from Custer in Yellowstone County to Park City in
Stillwater County and south to Bridger in Carbon County. Adults were a problem
in the Hardin area of Big Horn County. Systena taeniata was one of 2 major pests
of this crop in northeastern COLORADO. Losses in the eastern areas were light.
BEET LEAF BEETLE (Erynephala puncticollis) in NEBRASKA moved into sugarbeet
fields bordering alkali-grasSs pastures On June 11 in Scotts Bluff County.

Counts ranged 4-5 per row foot; egg masses were present on 30 percent of the
plants. Controls were applied.

GREEN PEACH APHID (Myzus persicae) was the predominant pest of sugarbeets in
CALIFORNIA. Populations in ARIZONA were heavy on the crowns of plants from
January through early February in Maricopa County and moderate in November and
December. New growth was damaged in Cochise County in June. Control of this
aphid was difficult in Curry County, NEW MEXICO, during August and September.
Green peach aphid populations were normal on sugarbeets in UTAH.

SPINACH LEAF MINER (Pegomya hyoscyami) damage waS aS common as usual in UTAH.
In MONTANA this leaf miner infested sugarbeets in the Toston and Townsend area
of Broadwater County and near Hardin, Big Horn County. Spinach leaf miner was
one of 2 major pests in northeastern COLORADO. Losses in the eastern area were
light. In MICHIGAN, damage ranged moderate to heavy in some Bay County and
Saginaw Valley fields.

SUGAR-BEET ROOT MAGGOT (Tetanops myopaeformis) losses in north-central COLORADO
were very variable from field to field. In IDAHO, adult populations peaked at
Rupert, Minidoka County, and at Burley, Cassia County, by May 20, Larvae caused
little damage in MONTANA. Adults of sugar-beet root maggot emerged in NORTH DAKOTA
the week of June 3, about 2 weeks earlier than in 1967. Peak fly populations
occurred the week of June 24 in Walsh and Pembina Counties. Larval damage was
severe to untreated sugarbeets in these counties. Usually a problem only in

these 2 counties, the first known economic infestation in Cass County caused

light damage.

- 178 -

MISCELLANEOUS FIELD CROPS

SUNFLOWER MOTH (Homoeosoma electellum) larvae in CALIFORNIA damaged safflower
in Imperial County. Sunflower moth larvae were medium to heavy on sunflower in
the McLennan County area of TEXAS in late June and medium in Brazos and Hill
Counties, Sunflower moth larvae were collected on sunflower in Jackson County,
ARKANSAS, by W.P. Boyer on July 29, 1968. The determination was made by

D.M. Weisman. Reared adults were determined by W.D. Duckworth. This is a new
State record. Larvae were reported as a major pest of sunflower in 1968. Infes-
tations were heavier in July than later in the year. Sunflower moth and BANDED
SUNFLOWER MOTH (Phalonia hospes) adults were active in sunflower fields in
southern NORTH DAKOTA the week of July 8. By the last week of July larvae were
evident. Up to 200 (average 50) larvae per 100 heads infested 73 percent of the
heads in the east-central and northeastern districts. Banded sunflower moth
comprised about 84 percent of the population, Damage was economic in several
fields.

CUTWORMS reduced up to 20 percent of the stand in individual sunflower fields in
late May in MINNESOTA. BLACK CUTWORM (Agrotis ipsilon) damaged flax in Codington
County, SOUTH DAKOTA, in mid-June. Up to 12 larvae per row foot infested heavily
damaged fields. Light numbers of BEET ARMYWORM (Spodoptera exigua) damaged
castorbeans in Hale County, TEXAS, in July.

SUNFLOWER BEETLE (Zygogramma exclamationis) was light on sunflower in Polk County,
MINNESOTA, in late July. Larvae ranged up to 120 per 100 infested sunflower
plants in Pembina and Grand Forks Counties, NORTH DAKOTA, but no damage was
evident, SUNFLOWER MAGGOT (Strauzia longipennis) pupae were evident in 70 per-
cent of the sunflower fields in 5 east-central counties of North Dakota. Counts
ranged up to 80 (average 26) per 100 heads.

LYGUS BUGS (Lygus spp.) were moderate on safflowers in late March and early May
in Maricopa County, ARIZONA. These pests also damaged safflower in CALIFORNIA,

POTATOES, TOMATOES, PEPPERS

ee eee et

Highlights:

COLORADO POTATO BEETLE continued to increase in Pennsylvania. This pest was
moderate to heavy on the Eastern Shore of Maryland and was more severe than in
1967 in Virginia. Colorado potato beetle was controlled in Alabama, but popula-
tions in Idaho were the heaviest in several years. FLEA BEETLES required
controls in Arizona, and TOBACCO FLEA BEETLE was more damaging than usual in
California. TOMATO FRUITWORM was the most important pest of commercial tomatoes
in Alabama. EUROPEAN CORN BORER was the major pest of peppers in Michigan and
Maryland and was damaging in Virginia and Delaware. GREEN PEACH APHID was heavy
on potatoes on the Eastern Shores of Maryland and Virginia.

COLORADO POTATO BEETLE (Leptinotarsa decemlineata) laid eggs by the last week of
May in southern NEW HAMPSHIRE. The population of this pest was greater in 1968
than in 1967. This leaf beetle was of no commercial importance in well-sprayed
fields in RHODE ISLAND. Populations in PENNSYLVANIA continued to increase on
potatoes and tomatoes. After an absence of 20 years it has resumed economic
importance throughout the eastern half of the State. Colorado potato beetle
increased generally on commercial potatoes and tomatoes in DELAWARE. Moderate
to heavy numbers in MARYLAND required controls on tomatoes and late potatoes in
3 southern Eastern Shore counties. Large plantings of eggplants were heavily
damaged in Anne Arundel County. Damage by Colorado potato beetle was more
severe than in 1967 in VIRGINIA. Control failed in some cases, ‘The normal
summer inactivity period did not occur, Feeding continued until mid-October.
Untreated check plots re completely defoliated,

free of soil.
6. Used mechanized soil-moving equipment.

Used mechanized soil-moving equipment is exempt ** if
cleaned and repainted.

* Information as to designated laboratories may be obtained

from an inspector

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THE FOLLOWING CROPS OR ARTICLES MUST BE MOVED UNDER CERTIFICATE
OR PERMIT YEAR-ROUND EXCEPT AS INDICATED

1.

26

36
he
56

Soil, compost, decomposed manure, humus, muck, and peat,
separately or with other things.

Soil samples shipped to Corps of Engineers Soil Laboratories
are exempt.

Soil samples of one pound or less shipped to designated
laboratories * are exempt.

Compost, decomposed manure, humus, and peat are exempt **
if dehydrated, ground, pulverized, or compressed.

Plants with roots, except soil-free aquatic plants, moss, and
Lycopodium (clubmoss or ground-pine or running pine).

Grass sod.
Plant crowns and roots for propagation.

True bulbs, corms, rhizomes, and tubers of ornamental plants
when freshly harvested or uncured.

True bulbs, corms, rhizomes, and tubers (other than clumps
of dahlie tubers) of ornamental plants are exempt ** af

- 179 -

Colorado potato beetle larvae were Severe on 160 of 200 potato plants at
Thonotosassa in Hillsborough County, FLORIDA, in late April. Although this
beetle poses a threat each year in ALABAMA, it was again successfully controlled
in commercial potato areas by the constant use of pesticides. Colorado potato
beetle damaged vegetable crops in many Sections of TEXAS, Damage in OKLAHOMA was
heaviest during May. This pest caused light damage to gardens in many eastern
areas of KANSAS. In MINNESOTA this leaf beetle severely damaged a field near
Argyle, Marshall County, in July; damaging numbers are rarely found in the State,
Trace numbers infested other potato fields in this area.

Colorado potato beetle infestations occurred in fewer areas than usual in MONTANA,
but controls were necessary in Lake and Carbon Counties. Larvae heavily damaged
garden potatoes in Park and Goshen Counties, WYOMING, in late June and early July.
Light numbers caused light to moderate losses in most of COLORADO. Colorado
potato beetle was above normal on potatoes in northern UTAH. Populations of this
leaf beetle in many areas of IDAHO were the largest in several years. By June 20
either adults or larvae infested up to 75 percent of the potato plants in Power
County. Larvae were abundant and caused extensive damage to untreated potato
fields. In OREGON Colorado potato beetle was scarce and no damage was reported

to central and eastern area potatoes.

FLEA BEETLES (Systena spp.) in early May and DESERT CORN FLEA BEETLE (Chaetocnema
ectypa) in late April required controls on bell peppers in Yuma County, ARIZONA,
TOBACCO FLEA BEETLE (Epitrix hirtipennis) was more general and damaging than
usual in CALIFORNIA. TUBER FLEA BEETLE (E. tuberis) remained at low levels in
central OREGON. At one time this flea beetle was the major pest of potato pro-
duction in that area. None were found in Malheur County, and only a few specimens
of WESTERN POTATO FLEA BEETLE (E. subcrinita) were taken. Unspecified flea
beetles threatened potatoes in Gallatin, Madison, and Beaverhead Counties in
MONTANA, POTATO FLEA BEETLE (E. cucumeris) was low and not damaging in VIRGINIA
but was active on tomatoes and eggplants in CONNECTICUT. In RHODE ISLAND a new
generation of potato flea beetle adults was found in low numbers on July 24. In
NEW HAMPSHIRE flea beetles caused heavy damage to tomatoes in Strafford and
Hillsborough Counties.

WIREWORMS were severe on potatoes at Homestead, Dade County, FLORIDA. Damage to
tubers was very low in St. Johns County. Injury in UTAH was scattered with
occaSional damage to tubers. Wireworms infested potatoes in Lake County, MONTANA,

DARKLING BEETLES (Blapstinus sp. and Metoponium sp.) damaged young plantings
throughout much of CALIFORNIA. PEPPER WEEVIL (Anthonomus eugenii) infested chili
peppers in the southern part of the State.

CABBAGE LOOPER (Trichoplusia ni) damaged some tomatoes and potatoes in CALIFORNIA,
Commercial tomatoes at Yuma, ARIZONA, required controls in late March, and popula-
tions were heavy in some potato fields at Queen Creek in mid-April. Cabbage
looper was abundant and damaged potato foliage in the Homestead area of Dade
County, FLORIDA. Controls were applied. Miscellaneous larvae, mostly cabbage
looper, heavily defoliated commercial tomatoes in central INDIANA in early
September. This looper damaged potatoes in WISCONSIN. Cabbage looper was heavy
on tomatoes in July in VIRGINIA. Buildup was probably due to dry weather.

Viruses reduced populations in early September. Very heavy populations of cabbage
looper infested potatoes in RHODE ISLAND by August 19.

TOMATO FRUITWORM (Heliothis zea) was less severe on tomatoes in CALIFORNIA than
in 1967. Controls were required on tomatoes in Yuma County, ARIZONA, from May
through July. This pest damaged tomatoes in OKLAHOMA from June through August,
Tomato fruitworm was light on commercial tomatoes in southwestern KANSAS in
August. Larvae of this cutworm were Severe on tomatoes in VIRGINIA during the
second half of the summer and were the most important pests of tomatoes in
commercial plantings and gardens in ALABAMA. However, damage was not so serious
in Alabama as in 1966.

THE FOLLOWING CROPS OR ARTICLES MUST BE MOVED UNDER CERTIFICATE
OR PERMIT YEAR-ROUND EXCEPT AS INDICATED

1.

26

36
he
De

Soil, compost, decomposed manure, humus, muck, and peat,
separately or with other things.

Soil samples shipped to Corps of Engineers Soil Laboratories

are exempt.

Soil samples of one pound or less shipped to designated
laboratories * are exempt.

Compost, decomposed manure, humus, and peat are exempt **
if dehydrated, ground, pulverized, or compressed.

Plants with roots, except soil-free aquatic plants, moss, and
Lycopodium (clubmoss or ground=-pine or running pine).

Grass sod.
Plant crowns and roots for propagation.

True bulbs, corms, rhizomes, and tubers of ornamental plants
when freshly harvested or uncured.

True bulbs, corms, rhizomes, and tubers (other than clumps
of dahlia tubers) of ornamental plants are exempt ** if
free of soil.

Used mechanized soil-moving equipment.

Used mechanized soil-moving equipment is exempt ** if
cleaned and repainted.

Information as to designated laboratories may be obtained
from an inspector

Exempt if not exposed to infestation after cleaning or other
prescribed handling.

GPO 961-681

- 180 -

EUROPEAN CORN BORER (Ostrinia nubilalis) was very light on commercial pimento
peppers in northern ALABAMA. This pyraustid was the important pest on pickling
peppers in MICHIGAN. Larvae infested the crop through most of the fruiting
season, Overall infestation levels were well below the past 2 years. Flights
peaked June 8-9 for the first generation and August 19-24 for the second genera-
tion. Flights continued into late October because of extended mild temperatures.
European corn borer destroyed 500 acres of peppers on the Eastern Shore of
VIRGINIA. Populations were above normal on peppers and potatoes in MARYLAND.
European corn borer was the major pest of peppers in the State in 1968. The
number of European corn borer larvae infesting Sweet peppers in DELAWARE in 1968
reflected the heaviest populations in corn ever recorded for the State.

BLACK CUTWORM (Agrotis ipsilon) in WISCONSIN damaged potatoes in early June near
Spring Green, Sauk County, and some peppers in mid-June in Waushara County.
VARIEGATED CUTWORM (Peridroma saucia) also infested potatoes near Spring Green

in early June. In northeastern ILLINOIS, variegated cutworm occurred through
most of the growing season, especially on tomatoes. Variegated cutworm and black
cutworm were locally severe on the Eastern Shore of VIRGINIA with up to 35 per-
cent damage to spring potatoes which were not dug until August. Black cutworm
caused light damage to potato tubers by August 28 in RHODE ISLAND,

CUTWORMS were an early season problem in CALIFORNIA on tomatoes and potatoes,
BEET ARMYWORM (Spodoptera exigua) caused local damage in a few areas of California
and was medium on tomato seedlings in Clark County, NEVADA, in April. Controls
were required for beet armyworm on 500 acres of tomatoes in late April and early
May in Yuma ‘County, ARIZONA. In mid-April larvae injured potato vines at Queen
Creek, Maricopa County. In mid-May populations were heavy on chili peppers at
Elfrida, Cochise County. A complex of beet armyworm and SOUTHERN ARMYWORM
(Prodenia eridania) damaged tomatoes at Bradenton in Manatee County, FLORIDA.
Noctuid loopers and southern armyworm damaged tomatoes in the Ft. Pierce area of
St. Lucie County from August to October, Frequent rains and dense foliage made
control difficult, Cutworm larvae damaged potatoes in Somerset County, MARYLAND,
just before harvest. One 10-acre stand had light to heavy injury in 30 percent
of the tubers,

POTATO TUBERWORM (Phthorimaea operculella) was generally light in potato areas of
CALIFORNIA and was scarce in UTAH. Infestations in ALABAMA recurred in isolated
fields in Baldwin, Mobile, and Escambia Counties. Damage was negligible due to
intensified control efforts. Larvae injured less than 1 percent of the potato
tubers, the lowest in several years, in the Hastings area of St. Johns County,
FLORIDA. Potato tuberworm was severe in fall potatoes on the Eastern Shore of
VIRGINIA. A problem is expected in untreated storage bins, Larvae occurred in
some potato fields in Monroe County, MICHIGAN, for the first time in 5 years.
This pest also infested potatoes in Bay County.

STALK BORER (Papaipema nebris) damaged tomatoes in eastern KANSAS in mid-June,
Larvae damaged tomatoes in gardens in Davidson County, TENNESSEE, in early July.
Stalk borer infested many potato stalks by June 27 in RHODE ISLAND.

GREEN PEACH APHID (Myzus persicae) was damaging all season in CALIFORNIA. Popu-
lations ranged moderate to heavy on potato vines in Maricopa County, ARIZONA,
during March and April. Controls were required on tomatoes in early April in
Yuma County. Green peach aphid was the most common aphid on potatoes in UTAH.
Control of green peach aphid on chili peppers in the Mesilla Valley of NEW MEXICO
was difficult. Green peach aphid was severe on potatoes in the Homestead area

of Dade County, FLORIDA, and controls were applied. Populations of this aphid on
fall potatoes were the heaviest in recent years on the Eastern Shore of VIRGINIA,
but damage was light due to the late occurrence, Heavy green peach aphid popula-
tions were difficult to control on peppers and potatoes on the Eastern Shore of
MARYLAND. In DELAWARE this aphid continued to be very serious on sweet peppers
during July and August. Green peach aphid was a problem on potatoes in the
valley area of CONNECTICUT.

- 181 -

POTATO APHID (Macrosiphum euphorbiae) built up heavily in untreated potato fields
in RHODE ISLAND by July 10, continued heavy for about a week, and then declined
rapidly. Light to moderate numbers infested potatoes and tomatoes in a south-
eastern MARYLAND county. This aphid was one of the most common pests in gardens
in IOWA. Potato aphid caused heavy damage to potatoes in Lyon County, NEVADA, in
late August, and controls were required, This aphid was very common on potatoes
and some tomatoes in CALIFORNIA.

GARDEN SYMPHYLAN (Scutigerella immaculata) caused heavy damage to tomato seed-
lings locally in Yolo County, CALIFORNIA,

BEANS AND PEAS
Highlights:

MEXICAN BEAN BEETLE was heavy on beans in Arizona and New Mexico, was a major
pest of this crop in Colorado, and was economic in areas of Nebraska. Mexican
bean beetle was serious throughout Alabama, but populations in Michigan were
lighter than in 1967, COWPEA CURCULIO was a major pest of table peas on the
expanded commercial acreage in Alabama. Larvae of several NOCTUID MOTHS damaged
beans and peas in some areas.

MEXICAN BEAN BEETLE (Epilachna varivestis) was heavy on beans in Cochise County,
ARIZONA, in mid-August and in the Prescott area of Yavapai County in late August.
Heavy populations damaged beans in the Farmington area of San Juan County and at
Manzano in Torrance County, NEW MEXICO. Mexican bean beetle was a major pest of
beans in COLORADO. Economic infestations of this beetle were scattered in Scotts
Bluff, Morrill, and southern Sioux Counties, NEBRASKA. Controls were necessary
in most of these fields, Mexican bean beetle larvae appeared on beans in south-
eastern WYOMING in mid-July. Damage was moderate in many fields in Goshen and
Platte Counties, and controls were applied. Mexican bean beetle was above normal
on beans in central and northern UTAH, For Mexican bean beetle in IDAHO, see
CEIR 19(7) :102.

Mexican bean beetle ranged light to moderate on beans over most of MICHIGAN.
Populations were lower than in 1967 and lower than the 5-year average. This
beetle was serious and damaging to lima and pole beans throughout ALABAMA, It
was less of a problem on field peas in the State. Populations were about the
same as in 1967. This beetle was generally heavy on unsprayed beans throughout
MARYLAND. Controls were successful on commercial acreages. Mexican bean beetle
adults infested some beanfields in RHODE ISLAND by July 2, and larvae and pupae
were moderate on plants by August 19, Mexican bean beetle was moderate in

NEW HAMPSHIRE in 1968,

WESTERN SPOTTED CUCUMBER BEETLE (Diabrotica undecimpunctata undecimpunctata) was
widespread and very abundant in most of OREGON, Damage to pole beans was exten-
Sive in Douglas County, especially when adjacent hayfields were cut. Dusting

was necessary on snap beans in Benton County. Although present in ALABAMA
throughout 1968, BEAN LEAF BEETLE (Cerotoma trifurcata) was mainly a pest of peas
and beans in the 2 to 6-leaf stage.

PEA WEEVIL (Bruchus pisorum) was prevalent in the peafields of the Willamette
Valley, OREGON. Significant losses to processing peas occurred where control was
lax, Adults appeared to be heavier than for Several years in north-central IDAHO,
Migrants probably entered peafields in one general movement rather than in several
which is the usual occurrence. Pea weevil was generally light on peas in UTAH.

COWPEA CURCUL1O (Chalcodermus aeneus) remained one of the major pests of table
peas on the expanded commercial acreage in ALABAMA, Infestations in harvested
peas in 1968 were less than in 1966 due to more intensified controls, Infesta-
tions were about the same as those in 1967,

- 182 -

BEAN LEAF SKELETONIZER (Autoplusia egena) damaged string beans in San Diego
County, CALIFORNIA. WESTERN YELLOW-STRIPED ARMYWORM (Prodenia praefica) reached
damaging levels in several lentil fields in north-central IDAHO during July.
Populations ranged up to 1 per square foot with as many as 4 cut lentil pods per
square foot observed. CABBAGE LOOPER (Trichoplusia ni) damaged beans in
WISCONSIN. Controls were required in several locations, LESSER CORNSTALK BORER
(Elasmopalpus lignosellus) became a serious pest to late plantings of table peas
and beans in southern ALABAMA,

BEAN APHID (Aphis fabae) was general on bush and pole beans throughout Clark and
Pierce Counties, WASHINGTON, in July. Infestations were light on beans in UTAH,
Bean aphid was heavy on unsprayed bean plants in RHODE ISLAND by July 16. In
MARYLAND one heavy infestation was found on 4 acres of fresh market beans in
Wicomico County. COWPEA APHID (A. craccivora) was widespread and heavy on cow-
peas in home gardens and commercial plantings in ALABAMA. Cowpea aphid is a
vector of cowpea mosaic in the State,

PEA APHID (Acyrthosiphon pisum) was generally light on peas in UTAH in 1968.
Winged individuals were noted in peas in WISCONSIN by May 17. Parasites and
predators prevented any rapid increase in population, Populations in midseason
peas remained sufficiently high (30-50 per sweep) in some fields to warrant
controls. By June 28, populations decreased due to weather, parasites, and
predators. Infestations increased about September 17, when as many as 60 per
sweep were noted in a few fields, Pea aphid was first noted on peas in DELAWARE
in early May. Counts averaged 1-2 per sweep in most areas by late May, and
controls were applied. Pea aphid populations were low in MARYLAND.

A FALSE CHINCH BUG (Nysius raphanus) was a serious pest of peas, beans, and other
vegetables throughout southern ALABAMA and as far north as Bibb County.

THRIPS were generally light on peas in UTAH, but WESTERN FLOWER THRIPS (Franklini-
ella occidentalis) damaged beans in San Diego County, CALIFORNIA, A thrips,
probably ONION THRIPS (Thrips fabaci), was very heavy on peas and beans in the
Dayton area of Columbia County, WASHINGTON, The thrips problem was serious in
this area throughout the 1968 season.

SEED-CORN MAGGOT (Hylemya platura) larvae injured some planted bean seeds in the
Spring in UTAH and infested bean seedlings a week after planting in Marion
County, OREGON, in late April.

TWO-SPOTTED SPIDER MITE (Tetranychus urticae) damaged beans statewide in
CALIFORNIA and caused moderate damage to Some garden beans in UTAH,

GRAY GARDEN SLUG (Deroceras reticulatum) severely damaged bean seedlings in
Benton County, OREGON.

COLE CROPS
Highlights:

CABBAGE LOOPER was heavy on crucifers in New Hampshire and was serious on cole
crops in Maryland. Larvae were troublesome in Michigan, damaging in Tennessee
and Alabama, and required controls in the Salt River Valley of Arizona. IMPORTED
CABBAGEWORM was heavier than usual and very damaging to cole crops in California
and was one of the most damaging pests of commercial cole crops in Alabama.
DIAMONDBACK~MOTH larvae were damaging in Alabama, Florida, Texas, and Arizona.
ROOT MAGGOTS were of some concern in a few areas, CABBAGE APHID was serious on
cabbage and collards in Alabama.

- 183 -

CABBAGE LOOPER (Trichoplusia ni) larvae were first collected in NEW HAMPSHIRE in
early July in Cheshire County. Moderate to heavy damage began to appear on
crucifers by mid-July in southern areas, with up to 90 percent of the plants
damaged in some fields. Larval populations in RHODE ISLAND were low on cabbage
on August 19 but were heavy on rutabagas by August 26, Moths were flying by
September 3. Cabbage looper was a serious pest of cabbage, broccoli, and other
cole crops during late summer and fall in MARYLAND, This looper was heavy on
newly transplanted cole crops on the Eastern Shore of VIRGINIA in August. This
buildup was probably due to dry weather. Viruses were effective in reducing
populations in early September, and no additional increases were noted on these
crops.

Cabbage looper moths were first collected in MICHIGAN in early July. A rapid
buildup followed, and weekly collections of 60-80 moths were made as far north-
ward as Newaygo and Montcalm Counties by August 26, Larvae became increasingly
troublesome in all cole crop areas. Moths were collected as late as October 29,
Cabbage looper damaged cabbage in WISCONSIN, and controls were required on cabbage
in several locations. Larvae infested cole crops in some small areas of north-
eastern ILLINOIS, especially where intervals between sprays were lengthened or
irrigation was inadequate.

Cabbage looper peaked in the usual high numbers on cabbage at Hastings, St. Johns
County, FLORIDA, in March and April. Populations were lower than in previous years
at Sanford, Seminole County. Numbers were generally low during winter and early
spring in the Everglades area but became heavy on cabbage from late April
through May. Cabbage looper averaged 5 per infested head on untreated cabbage

in mid-May. This looper was severe on 50 acres of collards in Suwannee County,
Florida, in May and delayed harvest of the crop. Cabbage looper and larvae of a
NOCTUID MOTH (Pseudoplusia includens) damaged cabbage, collards, and other cole
crops throughout ALABAMA, Cabbage looper was heavy on commercial cabbage plant-
ings in Madison County, TENNESSEE, and damage was heavy on commercial and garden
cabbage in northeastern and north-central OKLAHOMA during June, Cabbage looper
and P, includens damaged vegetable crops in many sections of TEXAS.

Cabbage looper infestations on broccoli, cabbage, and cauliflower required
controls at 3-day intervals during September in the Salt River Valley of
Maricopa County, ARIZONA. Larvae infested some cole crops in UTAH and were un-
usually prevalent on most cole crops in CALIFORNIA. Weather kept cabbage looper
populations, especially those of the second generation, low in OREGON. Controls
on cauliflower and broccoli in the Willamette Valley were effective.

CUTWORMS were prevalent in CALIFORNIA early in 1968, but infestations of BEET
ARMYWORM (Spodoptera exigua) were locally heavy. GRANULATE CUTWORM (Feltia
subterranea) was moderately severe during mid and late spring in FLORIDA. Larvae
had entered about 50 percent of the heads of untreated cabbage by mid-May in the
Everglades region, Larvae did not return to the soil until just before pupation,

Unspecified cutworms caused light damage to cabbage at Hastings, St, Johns County.

IMPORTED CABBAGEWORM (Pieris rapae) waS more prevalent than usual in CALIFORNIA
and very damaging to cole crops. Numbers in UTAH were generally high where no
control was applied, Larvae were very prevalent in MONTANA, Imported cabbage-
worm was one of the most common pests of gardens in IOWA, The main flight in
MICHIGAN occurred from early to late July. Larvae were heavy on cole crops.
Adults and larvae were active throughout September and into October, In ALABAMA
this pierid butterfly was one of the most damaging pests on commercial and home
plantings of cabbage, collards, and other cole crops, Many larvae infested
untreated cabbage in RHODE ISLAND by August 19. Infestations were moderate in
cauliflower by August 27. Imported cabbageworm was lighter in NEW HAMPSHIRE in
1968 than during 1966 and 1967.

DIAMONDBACK MOTH (Plutella xylostella) was severe from early April through early
June on untreated crucifers in the Everglades area of FLORIDA. After mid-May up
to 60 (average 22) larvae per head infested cabbage. Damaging populations

- 184 -

occurred in isolated areas throughout ALABAMA on all cole crops’ but mainly on
turnips, mustard, and cabbages. Diamondback moth larvae damaged vegetable crops
in many sections of TEXAS. Larvae heavily damaged cabbages in the Date Creek
area of Yavapai County, ARIZONA, in late April. Although numerous in UTAH
during spring, larvae did not severely damage crucifers. Diamondback moth infes-
tations were widespread in NORTH DAKOTA, but damage was not extensive in the
major mustard-growing area in the north-central district, Larvae damaged 50 per-
cent of a field in Ransom County and a small acreage in Pierce County.

CABBAGE MAGGOT (Hylemya brassicae) heavily infested radishes by July 22 and
infested rutabagas by August 19 in RHODE ISLAND. Damage by root maggots was
evident in radishes, cole crops, and turnips in PENNSYLVANIA, although thousands
of adult flies were killed by a fungus disease. These flies were mainly cabbage
maggot and SEED-CORN MAGGOT (H. platura). ROOT MAGGOTS (Hylemya spp.) were

heavy in cabbage, turnip, and radish plantings in Baltimore County, MARYLAND.
Cabbage maggot was especially damaging in southeastern MICHIGAN. Some fields
were so damaged that replacement fields had to be planted elsewhere. In spite of
preventive controls, populations were very heavy in those fields where no crop
rotation had been used, Half-grown cabbage maggot larvae were numerous in some
untreated radish plantings in Dane County, WISCONSIN, by May 31. A few larvae
were full grown by June 7. Damage in early radishes ranged 1-50 percent. Early
in July an average of 5 larvae per plant killed up to 30 percent of the plants in
scattered commercial cabbage fields in Kenosha County. Cabbage maggot was
present in ILLINOIS in the spring, especially on radishes. Some resistance to
certain organo-phosphates was evident.

TWO-SPOTTED SPIDER MITE (Tetranychus urticae) waS common in the horseradish-
growing area of west-southwestern ILLINOIS. Up to 1,250 mites per leaf infested
some fields. Predators were few.

CABBAGE APHID (Brevicoryne brassicae) was a serious pest of cabbages and collards
in all counties of ALABAMA. Damaging numbers of TURNIP APHID (Hyadaphis pseudo-
brassicae) in Alabama infested turnips and mustard all summer and winter. In
FLORIDA the usual high numbers of cabbage aphid were present on susceptible crops
in the Hastings area of St. Johns County. Cabbage aphid, GREEN PEACH APHID
(Myzus persicae), and turnip aphid populations were generally light on cabbages
and other crucifers in the Everglades area. Cabbage aphid was generally high
where no control was applied in UTAH. Treatments of APHIDS (Aphis spp.) in
ARIZONA were made in mid-January to control colonies on broccoli, brussel sprouts,
cauliflower, and turnips at Glendale, Maricopa County. Cabbage aphid and green
peach aphid were very prevalent and damaging in CALIFORNIA.

YELLOW-MARGINED LEAF BEETLE (Microtheca ochroloma) was a serious pest in Mobile
and Baldwin Counties and was reported as far north as Lee County, ALABAMA, STRIPED
FLEA BEETLE (Phyllotreta striolata) larvae were recovered from turnip roots in
western ARKANSAS in Late October. In north-central NORTH DAKOTA striped flea
beetle and WESTERN BLACK FLEA BEETLE (P. pusilla) ranged up to 1,250 per 100
sweeps on mustards. Severe damage was scattered but not extensive in some areas,

MOLE CRICKETS (Scapteriscus spp.) appeared in the usual high numbers in cabbage
seedbeds and were damaging in the Hastings area of St. Johns County, FLORIDA,
CUCURBITS

Highlights:

STRIPED CUCUMBER BEETLE was serious on cucurbits in Delaware, heavily damaged
cucumber seedlings on the Maryland Eastern Shore, and was serious on commercial

cucumbers in Alabama, CABBAGE LOOPER and MELON APHID required controls on canta-
loups in Arizona. Melon aphid was troublesome on the Eastern Shore of Maryland.

- 185 -

STRIPED CUCUMBER BEETLE (Acalymma vittatum) infested squash in RHODE ISLAND by
September 30. Adults were again Serious on young cucurbits during late May and
early June in DELAWARE. Striped cucumber beetle caused heavy damage to cucumber
seedlings on the Eastern Shore of MARYLAND before true leaves had emerged and

was generally abundant on all cucurbits during the season. This leaf beetle was
one of the most common pests of gardens in IOWA. Striped cucumber beetle was the
most serious pest of commercial and homegrown cucumbers throughout ALABAMA, but
the problem was less serious than in most years, SPOTTED CUCUMBER BEETLE
(Diabrotica undecimpunctata howardi) caused isolated damage to cucurbits in
ALABAMA. This leaf beetle damaged commercial cucumbers in Southeastern OKLAHOMA
in late May. CUCUMBER BEETLES (Diabrotica spp.) damaged cucurbits in Washington
and Kane Counties, UTAH, and Diabrotica sp. caused general damage in cucumber and
melon-growing areas of CALIFORNIA, FLEA BEETLES (Chaetocnema spp.) on cantaloups
in Yuma County, ARIZONA, required controls in late April.

CUTWORMS damaged and CABBAGE LOOPER (Trichoplusia ni) generally infested melons
and cucumbers in CALIFORNIA, Cabbage Looper Started to build up on cantaloups in
Yuma County, ARIZONA, in April, and by mid-May controls were required. Larvae of
Feltia spp. were successfully controlled on cantaloups in the same area during
May. Cabbage looper caused a rindworm problem in Lake County, FLORIDA, but popu-
lations were very small and injury was slight. SQUASH VINE BORER (Melittia
cucurbitae) was a pest of cucumbers and cantaloups in central and southern
ALABAMA. Larvae of this aegeriid moth were light on squash in RHODE ISLAND by
August 28.

MELON APHID (Aphis gossypii) was prevalent on melons and squash in CALIFORNIA.
Populations reached 2 peaks on cantaloups in Yuma County, ARIZONA, and controls
were applied in late March and in late April. Populations of this aphid were
heavy in some areas of UTAH. Melon aphid was heavy and troublesome on many
cucumber, watermelon, and cantaloup plantings on the Eastern Shore of MARYLAND,
Most infestations required controls.

WESTERN POTATO LEAFHOPPER (Empoasca abrupta) was prevalent and damaged cucurbits
in CALIFORNIA. Empoasca spp. required controls on cantaloups from May through
June to prevent the spread of disease in Yuma County, ARIZONA.

SQUASH BUG (Anasa tristis) damaged squash and other cucurbits in many areas of
OKLAHOMA from mid-June until late September. Populations were heaviest in late
June and mid-August. This coreid bug damaged vegetable crops in many sections of
TEXAS. Squash bug was the most damaging pest of cucurbits in UTAH, especially in
the southern part of the State. Populations of squash bug were unusually heavy
on squash and pumpkins in CALIFORNIA.

SPIDER MITES (Tetranychus spp.) caused moderate to heavy injury to watermelons
and cantaloups in MARYLAND. These pests infested cantaloups in Yuma County,
ARIZONA, and required controls from early April through early July. PACIFIC
SPIDER MITE (T. pacificus) damaged melons in Fresno County, CALIFORNIA, and TWO-
SPOTTED SPIDER MITE Gale urticae) was locally damaging to cucurbits in the State.

GRAY GARDEN SLUG (Deroceras reticulatum) damaged cucumbers in Lane County, OREGON.

GENERAL VEGETABLES
Highlights:

CABBAGE LOOPER damaged vegetable crops in several States. BEET ARMYWORM required
controls on lettuce in Arizona and was a major pest of this crop in Colorado.
ASPARAGUS BEETLE was heavier than in 1967 in Delaware. GREEN PEACH APHID was a
general pest of vegetables in California, damaged spinach in Oklahoma, and was
heavy on celery in Florida. SLUGS damaged vegetables in some areas.

- 186 -

CABBAGE LOOPER (Trichoplusia ni) was very damaging on many vegetable crops in
CALIFORNIA, primarily on lettuce. Larvae caused heavy damage to vegetable gardens
in Clark County, NEVADA. Cabbage looper was the major problem on lettuce through-
out ARIZONA except from June through August. Controls were difficult and had to
be applied 3 times in many fields. This looper was heavy on Sweetpotatoes in
Maricopa County. Cabbage looper infested lettuce in the Mesilla Valley of NEW
MEXICO and required controls at 3 to 7-day intervals. Cabbage looper was one of
the major pests of lettuce in COLORADO and was a major pest of greens crops in
ARKANSAS. Full-grown larvae were found in northern Arkansas as early as May 25,
Cabbage looper usually causes problems in Arkansas during the fall months, but

in 1968 some problems developed during the spring. In October light traps
collected up to 3,000 cabbage looper moths per night in Cross County. Cabbage
looper and CELERY LOOPER (Anagrapha falcifera) replaced aster yellows as the

prime problem on celery in MICHIGAN, At harvest pupae presented a quality prob-
lem in celery. Control was satisfactory on young plants but became increasingly
ineffective as the crop matured, mainly because spray materials could not pene-
trate the dense foliage. Buildup was rapid, and weekly collections of 60-80
cabbage looper and celery looper moths were made as far northward as Newaygo and
Montcalm Counties, Michigan, by late August.

BEET ARMYWORM (Spodoptera exigua) was general on many vegetables in CALIFORNIA
and caused heavy damage to vegetable gardens in May in NEVADA, Larvae first
appeared on lettuce in Yuma County, ARIZONA, in early February. Treatments were
made on this crop in late March, mid-April, and early October in Yuma County and
in mid-May in Cochise County. This armyworm damaged onions in Maricopa County,
Arizona, in. early April and November. Beet armyworm was one of the major pests
of lettuce in COLORADO.

Several Lepidoptera were troublesome in some areas. ARTICHOKE PLUME MOTH
(Platyptilia carduidactyla) was severe on artichoke’ in all growing areas of
CALIFORNIA, VARIEGATED CUTWORM (Peridroma saucia) caused much damage to vegetable
gardens in many areas of eastern KANSAS in June, W-MARKED CUTWORM (Spaelotis
clandestina) infested vegetables in WISCONSIN by May 31, and some treatments were
made in the Wood County area. DARK-SIDED CUTWORM (Euxoa messoria) was more

active than usual on asparagus in MICHIGAN. Larvae destroyed about 6 acres of
this crop in Berrien County.

SPOTTED ASPARAGUS BEETLE (Crioceris duodecimpunctata) and ASPARAGUS BEETLE

(Cc. asparagi) ranged from normal to below normal On asparagus in UTAH. Asparagus
beetle populations were heavier than last season in DELAWARE, and injury was
evident during May. SWEETPOTATO FLEA BEETLE (Chaetocnema confinis) was the major
pest of sweetpotatoes in MARYLAND, Control programs did not prevent larval injury.
Damage was as high as 30 percent in fields sampled in Wicomico County. Adults of
DARKLING BEETLES (Blapstinus spp.) were heavy around young sweetpotato slips in
Maricopa County, ARIZONA, the last half of May. Controls were applied.

GREEN PEACH APHID (Myzus persicae) was a general pest of vegetable crops all year
in CALIFORNIA. ThiS aphid was active on carrots, lettuce, and other vegetables
from January to March and from November to December in Maricopa and Yuma Counties,
ARIZONA. Green peach aphid was heavy and damaged spinach in Tulsa County,
OKLAHOMA, in mid-April, Populations were very heavy on celery in the Everglades
area of FLORIDA,and controls gave poor results. Green peach aphid was heavy on
vegetables in RHODE ISLAND by July 10. Populations remained heavy for about 7
days and then decreased to low levels. Some aphids were infected with a fungus,

BEAN APHID (Aphis fabae) was heavy on rhubarb in RHODE ISLAND by June 26 and
infested artichokes in Tillamook County, OREGON, during August. In CALIFORNIA,
APHIDS (Capitophorus spp.) infested artichokes, C. braggii was severe on this
crop in Monterey County,and C. elaeagni occurred in Colusa County. MELON APHID
(Aphis gossypii) was heavy on celery in the Everglades area of FLORIDA. Controls
gave poor results.

- 187 -

ONION MAGGOT (Hylemya antiqua) occurred in a few locally heavy infestations in
CALIFORNIA, This pest caused very light damage to vegetable crops in OREGON,
Current control measures are still effective against this fly. Damage to vege-
tables in UTAH ranged normal to light. Onion maggot was unusually active in
many counties of MONTANA, Losses to vegetable crops from this fly ranged light
to moderate in the Arkansas Valley area of Pueblo County, COLORADO,

SPINACH LEAF MINER (Pegomya hyoscyami) caused the normal amount of damage to table
beets in UTAH. This anthomyiid fly infested beets, spinach, and chard in many
backyard gardens and truck gardens in MONTANA. It was especially prevalent in

the central and southeastern parts of the State. CARROT RUST FLY (Psila rosae)
apparently caused no damage in OREGON in 1968 as none was reported. At one time,
this fly was a serious pest in the Willamette Valley. ASPARAGUS MINER (Melana-
gromyza Simplex) has become active on asparagus in the past 2-3 years in MICHIGAN,
especially in the Oceana area, Activity has been confined to fern growth.

All stages of ONION THRIPS (Thrips tabaci) damaged onions in Grant County,
WASHINGTON. Damage was unusually heavy to green onions and, in a few instances,
to asparagus in CALIFORNIA, Onion thrips damage ranged from normal to light in
UTAH. Onion thrips populations were moderate on onions in Maricopa County,
ARIZONA, during April and early May. In Maricopa and Yuma Counties WESTERN
FLOWER THRIPS (Frankliniella occidentalis) damaged lettuce in early January,
February, and again in November. Unspecified THRIPS were of minor importance on
onions in Dona Ana County, NEW MEXICO, during February and March, although
controls were required in a few fields, Onion thrips populations were light in
COLORADO, Some scarring occurred in untreated onion fieids in the Arkansas
Valley, but losses were light on a statewide basis.

HARLEQUIN BUG (Murgantia histrionica) was more of a problem on vegetables in 1968
than in other years in CALIFORNIA. This stink bug was one of the major pests of
lettuce in COLORADO. LYGUS BUGS (Lygus spp.) were heavy on lettuce in the Casa
Grande area of Pinal County, ARIZONA, in early April, and adults damaged the midribs
of some lettuce at Yuma, Yuma County, in late November. LEAF-FOOTED BUG (Lepto-
glossus phyllopus) damaged vegetables in many sections of TEXAS. GARDEN FLEA-
HOPPER (Halticus bracteatus) adults and nymphs were very common on several
vegetables in DELAWARE during late August and September.

A FIELD CRICKET (Gryllus sp.) damaged vegetable plantings in Imperial County,
CALIFORNIA, “ZUROPEAN EARWIG (Forficula auricularia) was heavier in gardens than
in 1967 in VERMONT,

BROWN WHEAT MITE (Petrobia latens) required controls on onions in Lyon County,
NEVADA, in late May. In CALIFORNIA a SPIDER MITE (Aplonobia myops) damaged
aSparagus in Orange County, and BULB MITE (Rhizoglyphus echinopus) was severe in
a large onion planting in Kern County. 2 nar ial

SLUGS were a problem for the second year in gardens in NEW HAMPSHIRE, Slugs,
probably SPOTTED GARDEN SLUG (Limax maximus) and GRAY GARDEN SLUG (Deroceras
reticulatum), caused much damage to garden crops in VERMONT. Deroceras Spp.
damaged garden crops in many instances in OHIO, Damage to vegetables continued
into September, Unspecified slugs were among the most common pests of gardens
in IOWA, Gray garden slug built up heavily during spring in the Willamette
Valley of OREGON and again in late summer and early fall because of abnormally
high rainfall. Infestations were reported in general vegetable plantings.

Distribution of Smaller European Elm Bark Beetle

- 188 -

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© Baseed by
PLANT PEST CONTROL DIVISION
AGRICULTURAL RESEARCH SERVICE
UNITED STATES DEPARTMENT OF AGRICULTURE

AGRICULTURAL RESEARCH SERVICE

PLANT PEST CONTROL DIVISION

SURVEY AND DETECTION OPERATIONS

The Cooperative Economic Insect Report is issued
weekly as a service to American Agriculture. Its contents
are compiled from information supplied by cooperating State,
Federal, and industrial entomologists and other agricultural
workers. In releasing this material the Division serves as
a clearing house and doesnot assume responsibility for ac-
curacy of the material.

All reports and inquiries pertaining to this release,
including the mailing list, should be sent to:

Survey and Detection Operations
Plant Pest Control Division
Agricultural Research Service
United States Department of Agriculture
Federal Center Building
Hyattsville, Maryland 20782

Volume 19 March 21, 1969 Number 12
COOPERATIVE ECONOMIC INSECT REPORT
HIGHLIGHTS

Current Conditions

GREENBUG damaged wheat in parts of Rolling Plains area of Texas. Some irrigated
wheat required treatment in Curry County, New Mexico. (p. 191).

SOUTHERN PINE BEETLE infestations present on National Forest land in Alabama,
North and South Carolina, Tennessee, and Texas. Infestation in Texas worst since
1962. (p. 193).

Detection

New State records include a MEALYBUG (p. 192) and a LEAFCUTTING BEE (p. 193) in
Washington, four ANTS in Arkansas (p. 195), and APPLE RUST MITE in Vermont

(Gs ZO

For new county and island records see page 195,

Some First Occurrences of Season

CLOVER LEAF WEEVIL larvae in California and EASTERN TENT CATERPILLER larvae in
Arkansas.

Forecasts

PALE WESTERN CUTWORM expected to be moderate to heavy in eastern area of Colorado.
(p. 191).

An ARMORED SCALE may cause problems on citrus in Florida. (p. 203).

Special Reports

Summary of Insect Conditions in the United States - 1968
Deciduous Fruits and Nuts (pp. 195-203).
Citrus (pp. 203-205).
Other Tropical and Subtropical Fruit (p. 205).
Small Fruits (pp. 205-206).

Insects Not Known to Occur in the United States
Eyeless Tampans (Ornithodoros moubata (Murry) complex) (pp. 207-208).

Reports in this issue are for week ending March 14 unless otherwise indicated.

= Ih)

— Aleta

CONTENTS
Special: Insects of Regional: Signt£i/CAaNC Css: cer. cles: ¢) clejelele cis oleic ecerclsieloleloletsheiovelchelcnenenee lon:
Insects Affecting

Corn, Sorghum, Sugarcane..........191 CUCU Sieve rarer lelieiaielcllevetelic lolelelevolelefalcreicietelen oe)
SmalGraieNSheyerevavoreie) vetlel cislcieisvevetelelel eho to: Ornamenttatl'Sre ores svevs clelelelclehejolorereletcnelensplicy
Forage Tegumes's:.% cree cere « sie ee cielo a LOU: Forest and Shade TreeS..cccececcee LG
General VegetableS.....cesccccese LDL Manand) “Animal sic. cs « elere s clelelelelelekereieeio.o)

Beneficial ins SCiCSis sis eieis ole s/s! sel ellelevcicislesiereieielele s\elelleieiereleielelsieieloleleielsleletelsieleletelslcletenotenoler cS
Federal and State Plant Protection Programs ec: s/c-c co 6 viclcle 0100 6 cisieleiclonsioicleioielerehertete lod,
Hawai INS CGC (RC POLE sis:0:6 evel ee oleteicleieleleicleie! eicloieieieiel sr ensleveielelcielelelereleteievelicieioroneteveretereteteneeRlOee
COGECETONS pverepeleteieneiercloivis ol slosh ele sleet eles ejleleksrelelisioiens)sieletel ocshel sitehersieteraieisnevelenolokerstoion Rel ferment ce
INSECT DETECIE TONG ic caic o's clelieiove oie lolele! ers ereleleie eceleleleloielcleisiloksjercisleteie cloisioheloseienctoled toteneh on tenner oD
Lvehte Trap) CoPlrectiOnss, 7 recess ileus ocrs elejefershavelcioreieierereleletsleietste)clelersieeleorekelsneleietesonerenen tere nO
Summary of Insect Conditions in United States - 1968

Deciqduous wErudts and Nuits !scyc cc evehel el eie-ci0le.aicilcleleleicrel ene! ene! sic eneliesc elerelersiecel eletedupocoilcnonen heretic

GAC EUSHreteielere isc) olece! ofote) olenetoverevelel site level e's, s/eletecelel olereielelelerenedevelorcletesaiersieletevetcterevenehherenheett aero

Other Dropi cal, and SubCroprCal Meu Wie ce oicie cs icsclcveltc ss) cveiveite! si sicjerotaceiclieleies cliokeletcnctonemeneneneta Oo)

Sybil babies eC OOO OO Oc OID OOOO D CUO OO OIOKO UO CIO Hao Oo OOUDOOO00 600.0 000208
Insects Not Known to Occur in the United States

Eyeless Tampans (Ornithodoros moubata (Murray) compleX),......ceeccecccoccce e207

WEATHER BUREAU'S 30-DAY OUTLOOK
MID-MARCH TO MID-APRIL 1969

The Weather Bureau's 30-day outlook for mid-March to mid-April is for temperatures
to average below normal over the Mississippi Valley and the central and southern
Plains, as well as the east Gulf States. Above normal temperatures are expected
over the Great Basin, the West Coast States, and the mid-Atlantic States, while
near normal temperatures are expected elsewhere. Precipitation is expected to
exceed normal over most of the South, the Ohio Valley, and the middle Mississippi
Valley. Subnormal totals are indicated over California, the Great Basin, the
northern Plains, and the upper Mississippi Valley. Elsewhere near normal
precipitation is in prospect.

Weather forecast given here is based on the official 30-day "Resume and Outlook"
published twice a month by the Weather Bureau. You can subscribe through the
Superintendent of Documents, Washington, D.C. 20250. Price $5.00 a year.

WEATHER OF THE WEEK ENDING MARCH 10

HIGHLIGHTS: Cold, sunny weather continued over most of the Nation. The most
important precipitation included snow in the southern Rockies and central Great
Plains and generous weekend rains along the gulf.

PRECIPITATION: Moist air moved into the Southwest and over the cold Rockies and
Great Plains. Nine inches of snow fell at Flagstaff, Arizona, Monday forenoon,
and by Tuesday morning 17 inches of new snow had fallen, increasing the snow cover
to 29 inches. As moist air moved into the Great Plains, it dumped more heavy
snow - only an inch or so in New Mexico and Colorado but 9-12 inches in parts of
the Texas Panhandle, 7-13 inches in the Oklahoma Panhandle, and up to 10 inches
locally in southwestern Kansas. Flurries occurred on several days in the latter
part of the week from the northern Great Plains to the Northeast. Amounts were
generally light. Generous weekend rains fell along the Gulf of Mexico from
eastern Texas to Georgia and Florida with some areas receiving 1-3 inches of
moisture. Rains fell along the coast in the Far Northwest late in the week while
heavy snow fell in nearby foothills and mountains. Snow cover in the northern
Great Plains and in the Northeast diminished somewhat, and a few bare fields

were noted, but the threat of flooding continued. Weather of the week continued
on page 195.

= 191—

SPECIAL INSECTS OF REGIONAL SIGNIFICANCE

ARMY CUTWORM (Chorizagrotis auxiliaris) - OKLAHOMA - Up to 3 per linear foot in
northeastern Kiowa County. (Okla. Coop. Sur.).

CORN LEAF APHID (Rhopalosiphum maidis) - NEW MEXICO - Light to moderate in Dona
Ana County barley. (Campbell).

GREENBUG (Schizaphis graminum) - OKLAHOMA - Ranged 40-90 per linear foot in 4
wheatfields, up to 200 per linear foot in 1 field in Tillman County, and 75-85
per linear foot in Altus area of Jackson County. Ranged 0-60 per linear foot in
Kiowa and Caddo Counties. Continues very light in Garfield and Wagoner Counties,
(Okla. Coop. Sur.). TEXAS - Remained unchanged in panhandle area. In Rolling Plains,
continued to damage wheat in parts of Motley, Knox, Stonewall, Wilbarger, and
Cottle Counties. Although damage generally decreasing in area, light damage
observed in Young, Archer, and Baylor Counties. (Boring). NEW MEXICO - Counts
per linear foot averaged 10-30 in barley (ranged 250-300 in one field) and 75-100
in wheat in Chaves County; some irrigated wheat treated in Curry County.
(Campbell). CALIFORNIA - Medium on barley in Bakersfield, Kern County. (Cal.
Coop. Rpt.).

SPOTTED ALFALFA APHID (Therioaphis maculata) - NEW MEXICO - Ranged 5-50 per
square foot in 4 alfalfa fields in Roswell and Dexter areas of Chaves County.
(Mathews).

CORN, SORGHUM, SUGARCANE

SOUTHWESTERN CORN BORER (Diatraea grandiosella) - ALABAMA - About 4 percent of
larvae survived in 5 old cornfields in Franklin County; 40-50 percent of stalks
girdled and down in 3 fields, 5-15 percent girdled in 2 fields. (Ponder et al.).
SMALL GRAINS

ENGLISH GRAIN APHID (Macrosiphum avenae) - CALIFORNIA - This aphid and
Rhopalosiphum padi medium on barley in Bakersfield, Kern County. Small grains
severely damaged by excessive rain and standing water in many locations state-
wide. (Cal. Coop. Rpt.).

WINTER GRAIN MITE (Penthaleus major) - OKLAHOMA - Ranged 90-100 per linear foot
on wheat in Altus area of Jackson County. (Okla. Coop. Sur.). TEXAS - Continued
to decrease in Archer County. (Boring).

PALE WESTERN CUTWORM (Agrotis orthogonia) - COLORADO - Expected to be moderate to
heavy in eastern area. Pruess).

FORAGE LEGUMES

CLOVER LEAF WEEVIL (Hypera punctata) - CALIFORNIA - Larvae light on alfalfa in
Lancaster, Los Angeles County. (Cal. Coop. Rpt.).

CLOVER HEAD WEEVIL (Hypera meles) - MISSOURI - Collected by R.E. Munson at Crane,
Stone County, May 11, 1968. This is a new county record. (Munson).

GENERAL VEGETABLES

ONION MAGGOT (Hylemya antiqua) - TEXAS - Infesting onion sets at Woodville, Tyler
County. (Currie). ;

eh Dia

CITRUS

Citrus Insect Situation in Florida - End of February - CITRUS RUST MITE (Phyllo-
coptruta Oleivora) infested 75 (norm 62) percent of groves; 54 (norm 41) percent
economic. Above normal and into high range for the State, but varies considerably
among groves and districts. Expected to hold near current level. Highest
districts south, west, and north. TEXAS CITRUS MITE (Eutetranychus banksi)
infested 27 (norm 31) percent of groves; 12 (norm 12) percent economic. Near
normal low level for this date. Decrease expected, some groves will show increase
and few heavy infestations likely to occur. Highest districts north, south, and
central. CITRUS RED MITE (Panonychus citri) infested 30 (norm 38) percent of
groves; 7 (norm 15) percent economic. Below normal and in low range. Gradual
increase expected with some groves developing heavy infestations. Highest
districts west, east, and south. SIX-SPOTTED MITE (Eotetranychus sexmaculatus)
light in 6 percent of groves. Near normal for this date. GLOVER SCALE (Lepido-
saphes gloverii) infested 75 (norm 79) percent of groves; 4 (norm 18) percent
economic. PURPLE SCALE (L. beckii) infested 58 (norm 78) percent of groves; 2
(norm 9) percent economic. YELLOW SCALE (Aonidiella citrina) infested 75 (norm
65) percent of groves; 4 (norm 13) percent economic. BLACK SCALE (Saissetia
oleae) infested 20 (norm 33) percent of groves; 4 (norm 14) percent economic.
CHAFF SCALE (Parlatoria oleae) infested 33 (norm 61) percent of groves; less than
1 (norm 10) percent economic. An ARMORED SCALE (Unaspis citri) present in 16
percent of groves; moderate to heavy in 6 percent. WHITEFLIES and MEALYBUGS
below normal and of little importance; increase of whiteflies expected. APHIDS
appearing in scattered groves; strong increase expected end of March. (W.A.
Simanton (Citrus Expt. Sta., Lake Alfred)).

CALIFORNIA RED SCALE (Aonidiella aurantii) - CALIFORNIA - Medium on lemon trees
and fruit in large grove at Santa Paula, Ventura County. (Cal. (Coop). Rptepr

ORNAMENTALS

A MEALYBUG (Rhizoecus cacticans) - WASHINGTON - Collected on roots of African-
violet in Whatcom County, September 4, 1965. Determined by D.J. Williams. This
is first published record of this mealybug in State. (Jackson, Nonini, Mar. 7).

ARMORED SCALES - FLORIDA - Adults of Ischnaspis longirostris (black thread scale)
on leaves of ceriman, February 19, and Gymnaspis aechmeae on leaves of bromeliad,
February 18, at St. Cloud, Osceola County. Collected by A.C. Crews. These are
new county records. Adults of Aspidiotus spinosus moderate on greenbrier (Smilax
sp.) plant at Hobe Sound, Martin County. Collected by E.W. Campbell, August 12,
1968. This is a new Florida Department of Plant Industry host record. (Fla.
Coop). ‘Sux...

FOREST AND SHADE TREES

ENGRAVER BEETLES (Ips spp.) - FLORIDA - Statewide survey conducted by State
forest service indicated bark beetles, primarily these pests, caused loss of
293,853 cords of wood during 1968. (South. For. Pest Rptr., Feb.).

SOUTHERN PINE BEETLE (Dendroctonus frontalis) - TENNESSEE - Scattered small
spot infestations present in Happy Valley Section of Blount County and west of
Watts Bar Lake from Rhea County to Anderson County. (Applegate). ARKANSAS -
Ground checking of sites, reported in CEIR 19(10):149, revealed another area
infested (possibly by this species) east of Hamburg in Ashley County. (Warren).

= Ik

Southern pine beetle infestations present on National Forest land in ALABAMA,
NORTH and SOUTH CAROLINA, TENNESSEE, and TEXAS; on private land in GEORGIA,
LOUISIANA, North and South Carolina, and Texas; and on National Park land in
Tennessee. Control by removal of infested material through commercial sales
being emphasized. Infestation in Texas worst since 1962, About 43,000 trees
salvaged on National Forest land in State since July 1968; yielding 1,520,000
board feet of sawtimber and 2,620 cords of pulpwood, On private land in Texas
236,035 infested trees treated during 1968. (South. For. Pest Rptr., Feb.).

PINE NEEDLE SCALE (Phenacaspis pinifoliae) - CALIFORNIA - Medium on pine nursery
stock in speciality nursery at La Mesa, San Diego County, and light on pines
locally in Reedley, Fresno County. (Cal. Coop. Rpt.). NEVADA - Heavy on spruce
trees in Elko, Elko County. (Hackett).

A CONIFER SAWFLY (Neodiprion taedae linearis) - ARKANSAS - No egg hatch March
10-12 in southern area. (Warren).

EASTERN TENT CATERPILLAR (Malacosoma americanum) - ARKANSAS - New larvae observed
in Ashley and Drew Counties March 10 and in Hempstead County March 12. (Warren).

ASIATIC OAK WEEVIL (Cyrtepistomus castaneus) - MISSOURI - Adults in blacklight
trap at Vulcan, Iron County, July 29, 1968. Collected by H.E. Brown. This is
a new county record. (Munson).

SMALLER EUROPEAN ELM BARK BEETLE (Scolytus multistriatus) - COLORADO - Prevalent
in Fort Morgan area of Morgan County, where Dutch elm disease occurs.
(Hantsbarger).

CALICO SCALE (Lecanium cerasorum) - CALIFORNIA - Adults medium on maple trees
locally in Calistoga, Napa County. Not a common scale but periodically appears
in widely separated areas. (GallS- Coope Rpt.)

MAN AND ANIMALS

SCREW-WORM (Cochliomyia hominivorax) - One case reported in U.S. March 9-15 in
Jim Hogg County, TEXAS. Total of 177 cases reported in portion of Barrier Zone

in Republic of Mexico March 2-8 as follows: Territorio sur de Baja California

22, Sonora 46, Chihuahua 9, Coahuila 2, Nuevo Leon 9, Tamaulipas 89. Total of

7 cases reported in Mexico south of Barrier Zone. Barrier Zone is area where
eradication operation underway to prevent establishment of self-sustaining popula-
tion in U.S. Sterile screw-worm flies released: Texas 55,168,000; Mexico
69,280,000. (Anim. Health Div.).

CATTLE LICE - ALABAMA - Light to medium on scattered beef herds. Currently
light in Jefferson, Mobile, and Franklin Counties. (Smith et al.). OKLAHOMA -
Mostly Haematopinus eurysternus (short-nosed cattle louse) heavy on cattle in

Mayes County. (Okla. Coop. Sur.).

BENEFICIAL INSECTS

A LADY BEETLE (Psyllobora vigintimaculata) - ALABAMA - Adults observed during
winter on magnolia trees in Lee County, feeding on mites and plant fluids.
Mulsantina picta, dark and light forms, feeding on pine aphids in Lee County.

(McQueen) .

A LEAFCUTTING BEE (Megachile concinna) - WASHINGTON - Found in trap nest of
Megachile rotundata in Yakima Valley in 1968. First record of this alfalfa
seed pollinator in Pacific Northwest. Determined by C..E. Bohart. (Eves, Mar.
dp) te

- 194 -

FEDERAL AND STATE PLANT PROTECTION PROGRAMS

IMPORTED FIRE ANT (Solenopsis saevissima richteri) - TENNESSEE - Survey negative
in Bledsoe, Giles, Lincoln, Rhea, and Warren Counties. (Harris et al.).

HAWAII INSECT REPORT

General Vegetables - Adults and grubs of VEGETABLE WEEVIL (Listroderes costiro-
Stris obliquus) severely damaged 0.25 acre of turnip seedlings in Waimea (Kamuela),
Hawaii. (Nakano). All stages of DIAMONDBACK MOTH (Plutella xylostella) light on
mustard cabbage at Koko Head, Oahu; medium to heavy in Some fields at Waimanalo;
negligible at Waianae. GREENHOUSE WHITEFLY (Trialeurodes vaporariorum) and
CARMINE SPIDER MITE (Tetranychus cinnabarinus) heavy to severe on Snap beans and
eggplants at Waianae, generally light to medium at Waimanalo, Oahu. Medium to
heavy in scattered plantings of snap beans and eggplants on Kauai. (Yamamoto,
Funasaki).

Fruits - Larvae of a NOCTUID MOTH (Phlegetonia delatrix) medium, damage heavy on
terminals of Java-plum in Hilo, Hawaii. Larvae light, moderate damage on Java-
plum foliage along roadside at Pukoo, Molokai. This is a. new island record.

To date, this species has been found feeding on foliage of Java-plum, mountain-
apple, and ohia-lehua and now occurs on Kauai, Oahu, Maui, Hawaii, and Molokai.
(Kobayashi, Miyahira).

Ornamentals - PAINTED LADY (Vanessa cardui) larvae heavy and severely defoliated
common foxglove (Digitalis purpurea) in Hilo, Hawaii; new host record for the
State. (Himori).

Forest and Shade Trees - A BARK BEETLE (Xylosandrus compactus) lightly damaged
twigs of Albizia lebbeck at Anahola, Kauai. (Sugawa). BARNACLE SCALE
ae tes cirripediformis) heavy on fiddlewood trees along Lunalilo Home Road
at Koko Head, Oahu. Light and confined to young branches in early January.
(Nakao). KIAWE FLOWER LOOPER (Cosymbia serrulata) adult collections in light
traps increasing in scattered areas on Oahu. Further increase expected as more
kiawe trees begin to flower. (Au).

Man and Animals - MOSQUITOES - Collected 520 Aedes vexans nocturnus and 3,431
Culex pipiens quinquefasciatus in 51 light traps on Oahu during February. Aedes
Tow in all areas. Culex catches highest at MacKay Radio in Kailua (416).

(Mosq. Cont. Br., Dept. of Health).

Household - Large numbers of a CERATOPOGONID MIDGE (Forcipomyia indecora) entered
homes and caused nuisance during past two weeks in Honolulu (Nuuanu, Alewa
Heights, Aina Koa), Kaneohe, and probably elsewhere on Oahu. This insect becomes
abundant during wet months and breeds in damp areas such as leaf axils of plants,
rotting wood, and stems and roots of dead plants. Other species of midges

caused nuisance but this was the most abundant and widespread. (Kim, Chong).

Beneficial Insects - LANTANA HISPID (Uroplata girardi) adults and larval mines
remain moderate on foliage of lantana at Ulupalakua, Maui. Light on lantana
near Kaunakakai on Molokai and along Mahana Road on Lanai. (Miyahira).

Miscellaneous Insects - A female of VAGRANT GRASSHOPPER (Schistocerca vaga)
Captured in wild vegetation at Kaunakakai, Molokai, on March 7. Sightings of
other adults in vicinity reported. This species previously found only on Oahu
and Kauai. (Fujimoto, Miyahira).

CORRECTIONS

CEIR 19(11):182 - Paragraph 5, line 3: ONION THRIPS (Thrips fabaci) should read
(Thrips tabaci).

= to

INSECT DETECTION
New State Records

ANTS - ARKANSAS - Aphaenogaster tennesseensis collected in Crawford County May 16,
1968, by L.O. Warren. A. texana texana collected in Crittenden County March 3,
1955. A. treatae pluteicornis collected in Washington County April 30, 1968, by
L.O. Warren and G. Wallis. Smithistruma rostrata collected in Washington County
in October 1967 by R.M. Kirkton. All determined by E.P. Rouse. These are new
State records. New county records are: A. tennesseensis, Madison and Washington;
A. texana texana, WaShington, Madison, Crawford, Craighead, Baxter, and Arkansas;
A. treatae pluteicornis, Crawford, Madison, Craighead, Baxter, Nevada, and Polk.
(Boyer).

APPLE RUST MITE (Aculus schlechtendali) - VERMONT - Collected on apple at Shore-

ham, Addison County. (p. 201).

A MEALYBUG (Rhizoecus cacticans) - WASHINGTON - Found in Whatcom County September
4, 1965. Determined by D.Jj. Williams, This is first published record of this
mealybug in State. (p. 192).

A LEAFCUTTING BEE (Megachile concinna) - WASHINGTON - Found in trap nest of
Megachile rotundata in 1968 in Yakima Valley. Determined by C.E. Bohart. (p. 193).

New County and Island Records

CLOVER HEAD WEEVIL (Hypera meles) - MISSOURI - Stone County. (p. 191).

ARMORED SCALES (Ischnaspis longirostris) and (Gymnaspis aechmeae) - FLORIDA -
Osceola County. (p. 192).

ASIATIC OAK WEEVIL (Cyrtepistomus castaneus) - MISSOURI - Iron County. (p. 193).
A NOCTUID MOTH (Phlegetonia delatrix) - HAWAII - Molokai Island. (p. 194).

VAGRANT GRASSHOPPER (Schistocerca vaga) - HAWAII - Molokai Island. (p. 194).

LIGHT TRAP COLLECTIONS

FLORIDA - Gainesville - 3/7-13, BL - Beet armyworm (Spodoptera exigua) 1, black
cutworm (Agrotis ipsilon) 2, granulate cutworm (Feltia subterranea) 6. SOUTH
CAROLINA - Charleston — 3/2-3/9, BL - Armyworm (Pseudaletia unipuncta) 1, black
cutworm 3, variegated cutworm (Peridroma saucia) 2. ©

Weather of the week continued from page 190.

TEMPERATURE: A large dome of polar air covered much of the Nation early in the
week. Subzero temperatures occurred in a dozen States - in the northern and
central Rockies and eastward across the northern Great Plains to Upper Michigan.
Freezing temperatures reached the Gulf of Mexico. This was the 12th consecutive
cold week in Montana and the 5th consecutive cold week across the Deep South from
Louisiana to Georgia. Afternoon temperatures generally remained in the 20's across
the Central States and in the 40's, 50's and 60's across the South and in the

Far West, Rapid warming occurred over the weekend, and temperatures reached the
50's and 60's from the central Great Plains to the middle Atlantic coast on
Sunday. Almost the entire Nation averaged colder than normal. Parts of the Great
Basin and the Great Plains averaged 12°-20° colder than normal. Maine averaged
3°-9° warmer than normal. (Summary Supplied by Environmental Data Service,

ESSA.)

- 196 -

SUMMARY OF INSECT CONDITIONS IN THE UNITED STATES - 1968
(Continued from page 187)

DECIDUOUS FRUITS AND NUTS
Highlights:

CODLING MOTH infestations in Washington were the heaviest in 10 years. This pest
was damaging to untreated fruit. ORIENTAL FRUIT MOTH was severe on peaches in
Missouri, RED-BANDED LEAF ROLLER was heavier than usual in the fall in Virginia.
LESSER PEACH TREE BORER and PEACH TREE BORER caused the most damage in 10 years
in Florida and were the most destructive pests of stone fruit trees in Alabama.
PEAR PSYLLA was heavier than usual in unsprayed orchards in Oregon and was gener-
ally less abundant than in 1967 in Washington, PLUM CURCULIO was serious on
peach, plum, and apple in Alabama. APPLE MAGGOT was locally damaging to commer-
cial apples in Indiana, EUROPEAN APPLE SAWFLY caused significant damage in a
commercial orchard in New Hampshire for the first time. SPIDER MITE buildups were
heavy in some areas, WALNUT CATERPILLAR damaged walnut and pecan in Kansas and
walnuts in Iowa and Ohio, PECAN NUT CASEBEARER caused some loss to pecans in
Alabama. HICKORY SHUCKWORM damage was heavy on pecans in Florida and Alabama.
APHIDS damaged nut crops in some areas and required controls, PECAN WEEVIL was
damaging in Alabama and was heavy in areas of Texas,

CODLING MOTH (Carpocaps2 pomonella) larvae infested apples throughout MONTANA.
The infestation in WASHINGTON was the heaviest recorded for the last 10 years.
The reduced spraying, resulting from a smaller apple crop, may have accounted for
some of this increased infestation. In north-central OREGON female-baited traps
placed in 23 commercial orchards in Hood River and Wasco Counties caught 669
males in 947 trap-nights. Individual night catches ranged up to 71. In Umatilla
County third-generation adults peaked in late August with up to 51 males per
night in traps. Numbers varied considerably over CALIFORNIA. Codling moth popu-
lations in UTAH were slightly higher than normal during 1968 than during 1967.
Many unsprayed apples were 100 percent infested. Possibly because of well-timed
sprays, the percentage of infested apples in NEW MEXICO was much lower than in
previous years in the Hondo Valley. Losses were very high in apple orchards in
San Juan and De Baca Counties, At least 70 percent of the apples checked in

De Baca County were infested. Larvae damaged fruits in TEXAS,

Codling moth damage in MISSOURI was very light in sprayed apple orchards; late
June infestations were severe on unsprayed fruit in the southeastern and central
areas. Moth catches in WISCONSIN were regular but low, except for a mild peak

the first week of August. Larvae damaged only 0.13 percent of the apples in 33
well-kept ILLINOIS orchards. Larvae in INDIANA were 0.5 inch long at Vincennes,
Knox County, by mid-May. Prepupae began leaving fruit about June 18, as the last
overwintered moths were emerging. The second flight began the first week of July.
New entries were found a week later. In the last week of August the third flight
peaked and then ceased October 7. Damaged apples ranged 85-95 percent in unspray-
ed trees and was below 0.05 percent in well-kept commercial orchards. By late
June codling moth larvae in OHIO had damaged apples and had begun leaving fruit

to begin pupation., In mid-July the first-generation adults began emerging.

Larvae were light even in unsprayed orchards in RHODE ISLAND, In VIRGINIA
codling moth was well controlled until preharvest when control was discontinued,
Infestations in commercial orchards were very low in MARYLAND,

ORIENTAL FRUIT MOTH (Grapholitha molesta) caused local damage in several
CALIFORNIA counties. Feeding mainly on peach terminals but not on fruit, larvae
caused no loss in 1968 in COLORADO, Larvae caused occasional damage in OKLAHOMA
and damaged fruits in TEXAS. Oriental fruit moth was severe on peaches in the
delta area of MISSOURI by mid-May. By late May populations were moderate in
several orchards in the south-central and central areas. Numbers were very light
for the rest of the season, Flights in INDIANA peaked May 2, June 14, July 22,

- 197 -

and September 8 at Vincennes, Knox County. Extending from August 7 to October 1,
the last flight may have been composed of the third and fourth generations. A
few late entries at harvest were reported by one commercial grower, Twig injury
and infested peaches increased in CONNECTICUT in 1968.

RED-BANDED LEAF ROLLER (Argyrotaenia velutinana) was normally light early in the
season in VIRGINIA. However, early instars were heavier than usual on apples in
September and October and on peaches where infestation levels reached 18 percent,
Overwintered adults peaked April 9-15 in the Vincennes area of Knox County,
INDIANA, Summer broods peaked in mid-June, early August, and late September.
Last males were caught the week of October 22-28, Damage was 24 percent in an
unsprayed orchard and less than 1 percent on commercial apples. Red-banded leaf
roller was very light and occurred in very few orchards in MISSOURI. ORANGE
TORTRIX (Argyrotaenia citrana) larvae in OREGON damaged much apple fruit near
Salem, Marion County, for an unusual occurrence,

FRUIT-TREE LEAF ROLLER (Archips argyrospilus) larvae were heavy on chokecherry and
apple trees in Weston County, WYOMING, in mid-June. A few reports were received
from other areas. Infestations occurred in a few local CALIFORNIA areas. Fruit-
tree leaf roller populations were high, especially on poorly or late sprayed

trees in CONNECTICUT,

LESSER PEACH TREE BORER (Synanthedon pictipes) larvae were more destructive than
PEACH TREE BORER (Sanninoidea exitiosa) in FLORIDA, Many growers had the greatest
damage in 10 years. Poorly timed sprays were partly responsible. Lesser peach
tree borer and peach tree borer were the most destructive pests of peach, plum,
and cherry throughout ALABAMA, In Lower MICHIGAN lesser peach tree borer out-
breaks occurred in Grand Traverse County on tart cherries because of tree injury
by mechanical harvesters, Broods of lesser peach tree borer in INDIANA peaked in
early June and late August at Vincennes, Knox County. One or more larvae infested
an average of 80 percent of 7-year-old peach trees in several commercial orchards.
Losses were moderate. Peach tree borer larvae damaged less than 1 percent of
3,600 commercial peach trees examined in the same area of Indiana. Lesser peach
tree borer was the main peach insect in ILLINOIS. Peach tree borer caused
occasional damage in OKLAHOMA. Peach tree borer larvae infested many stone-fruit
trees in UTAH. Light to heavy larval populations of an AEGERIID MOTH (Sanninoidea
sp.) infested peach trees in 2 west-central counties of NEW MEXICO. Infestations
were especially serious in untreated orchards,

AMERICAN PLUM BORER (Euzophera semifuneralis) damaged deciduous fruit trees in a
few CALIFORNIA locations, Larvae damaged fruits in TEXAS. American plum borer
larvae averaged 1.6 per infested tree in a 1.7-percent infestation of a 60-acre
commerical peach orchard in the Vincennes area of Knox County, INDIANA.

FALL WEBWORM (Hyphantria cunea) damaged fruits in TEXAS. Webs and defoliation
became noticeable throughout TENNESSEE during August. Defoliation was heavy on
persimmon and cherry, especially in the central and in some western areas. In
INDIANA all trees in an unsprayed 5-acre apple orchard at Vincennes, Knox County,
had one or more Second-brood fall webworm webs in September.

PEACH TWIG BORER (Anarsia lineatella) was generally heavy in CALIFORNIA. In
COLORADO peach twig borer was the most destructive peach insect. Because few
controls were applied in 1966 and 1967, populations built up to the damaging
levels of 1968.

EASTERN TENT CATERPILLAR (Malacosoma americanum) damaged fruits in TEXAS, and
larvae caused occasional damage in OKLAHOMA. Hatching and larval feeding in
INDIANA occurred the first week of April at Vincennes, Knox County. Nests were
conspicuous by mid-April and were being abandoned by full-grown larvae by May 4,

PEAR PSYLLA (Psylla pyricola) caused more damage than normal to pears in northern
CALIFORNIA. Populations in OREGON were the heaviest in recent years in untreated
orchards in Hood River and Lane Counties. During mid-February and early March

= 198)-

overwintered adults were active in Jackson County and the Willamette Valley. In
mid-March hatch began in Hood River County. About mid-May second-generation
adults appeared in Jackson County. During late May and early June an average of
500-600 eggs and 5 nymphs per 25 leaves were found in untreated orchards. A mid-
July buildup began in Jackson County in orchards treated in February. In late
August adults of the last summer generation were heavily infesting and laying
eggs in untreated orchards in Hood River County. Populations were average in
sprayed orchards. Although generally less abundant in WASHINGTON in March 1968
than in 1967, heavy flights of 2 to 5 per minute in traps occurred at Yakima,
Yakima County, February 29. Of 93 specimens examined, 47 percent were males;
this is the heaviest flight to date recorded at Yakima, By November, 90 percent
of a population sample were overwintering forms. Counts in upper and lower
Yakima Valley pear orchards were very high. The highest count in February was
400, but counts on October 23 ranged 300-3,000. Pear psylla buildups on pears

in MICHIGAN were heavy because controls were ineffective. Numbers in PENNSYLVANIA
were moderately severe on all unsprayed trees. Many unsprayed trees were black
from sooty fungus and almost completely defoliated in mid-August. Numbers
increased throughout CONNECTICUT; they were very abundant in backyard pear trees.
Pear pSylla was widespread on pear in RHODE ISLAND after mid-July.

APPLE APHID (Aphis pomi) was at a high level in NEW HAMPSHIRE. Colonies persisted
well into August. Heavy populations were found on sucker growth of apples in

late July and on flowering crab apple in mid-August in RHODE ISLAND. Apple aphid
was lower than normal in VIRGINIA. Existing spray programs were effective. Eggs
in OHIO had hatched, and colony size had begun to increase on apple foliage by the
end of April. By late June and early July up to 300 aphids per leaf infested

some unsprayed apple foliage in the northeastern area, The first colony in
INDIANA was found on soft terminal growth in early May at Vincennes, Knox County.
Alates were found during the fourth week of May. Numbers in commercial orchards
were low. Apple aphid was light on apples early in the Season in MISSOURI. A
light to moderate infestation was reported in one orchard in mid-June, Dormant
and delayed sprays controlled light to moderate populations in COLORADO apple-
growing areas, Predators in untreated orchards were effective. Apple aphid
numbers in UTAH were up compared with 1967, and this pest was one of the major
Species infesting fruit crops in CALIFORNIA.

ROSY APPLE APHID (Dysaphis plantaginea) in VIRGINIA was slightly more prevalent
than in 1967 but was adequately controlled with the existing spray program,
Curled leaves in OHIO were first reported the last week of April. Up to 100
aphids per curled leaf remained on unsprayed apples through June. During the
last week of April in INDIANA, rosy apple aphid colonies were found at Vincennes,
Knox County, and were conspicuous May 7-13 with alates dispersing. Fruit damage
ranged 6-8 percent in one unsprayed orchard checked at harvest; commercial damage
was low. Light apple aphid infestations occurred in many MISSOURI apple orchards.
Dormant and delayed sprays controlled light to moderate populations in COLORADO
apple-growing areas, Predators were effective in untreated orchards, Rosy apple
aphid populations decreased in UTAH when compared with 1967, but this pest was
one of the major species infesting fruit crops in CALIFORNIA.

APPLE GRAIN APHID (Rhopalosiphum fitchii) began to hatch in southern OHIO the
first week of April, but the relatively low population caused no damage. Eggs
hatched March 18 at Vincennes, INDIANA. By April 8, females deposited live
nymphs. During the first half of May alates left the trees. Dormant and delayed
sprays controlled the light to moderate apple grain aphid populations in apple-
growing areas of COLORADO. Predators were effective in untreated orchards,

WOOLLY APPLE APHID (Eriosoma lanigerum) lightly infested pears in RHODE ISLAND
during the last week of July. In ALABAMA it was again the major pest of apples,
infesting root systems above and below ground level. Populations in UTAH were
normal in 1968 compared with 1967. Woolly apple aphid was one of the the major
species infesting fruit crops in CALIFORNIA.

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GREEN PEACH APHID (Myzus persicae) and BLACK CHERRY APHID (M. cerasi) were 2 of
the major species infesting fruit in CALIFORNIA. Green peach aphid caused normal
to below normal curling of peach foliage during spring in UTAH. Black cherry
aphid infested cherry in RHODE ISLAND in late May.

SAN JOSE SCALE (Aspidiotus perniciosus) produced color rings on developing apples
in INDIANA at Vincennes, Knox County. The rings were first noted June 11-17,
Only poorly maintained orchards had fruit and tree injury from large populations,
In central and northern ALABAMA San Jose scale continued to be the most important
scale insect affecting peach, apple, plum, and pear, It damaged fruits in TEXAS,
This scale damaged trees at many homes and in some commercial orchards in UTAH,
In CALIFORNIA general infestations of San Jose scale were heavy, and FORBES SCALE
(A. forbesi) was heavy on 50 acres of quince in Sacramento County,

WHITE PEACH SCALE (Pseudaulacaspis pentagona) damage in FLORIDA was much less in
1968 than in 1967 partly because of winter oil sprays and precision timing of
summer sprays. Even in untreated orchards, numbers were lighter than usual,
Extremely dry weather could have affected buildup. Infested nursery stock and
resultant quarantines have discouraged several nursery owners from stocking
peach trees. In southern and central ALABAMA white peach scale has become the
more important scale on peach and plum and on several nonfruit hosts. OYSTER-
SHELL SCALE (Lepidosaphes ulmi) crawlers in OREGON were feeding and damaging
cherry fruits at Cove, Union County, in early August. In MONTANA it infested
fruit trees in many scattered locations and damaged a few other trees and shrubs.

PRUNE LEAFHOPPER (Edwardsiana prunicola) and APPLE LEAFHOPPER (Empoasca maligna)
discolored some foliage in UTAH. Apple leafhopper damaged some developing
terminals on young trees in commercial orchards in the Vincennes area of Knox
County, INDIANA, Heavy leafhopper populations, mostly Erythroneura obliqua and
E, lawsoniana, caused considerable leaf stippling and terminal distortion in
apple orchards in Indiana. WHITE APPLE LEAFHOPPER (Typhlocyba pomaria) outbreaks
in MICHIGAN were severe in late August and September on plums and apples in
Berrien and Van Buren Counties. Empoasca sp. was abundant in CONNECTICUT and
damaging where sprays were inadequate,

PLUM CURCULIO (Conotrachelus nenuphar) damage in FLORIDA was at a minimum partly
because of well-timed sprays. Statewide in ALABAMA, plum curculio was the most
serious pest of peach, plum, and apple fruit. It damaged fruits in TEXAS,
Populations in MISSOURI were light on treated apples but severe by early July on
unsprayed trees. Early in the season plum curculio was light on peaches but by
early July was medium in the southern and southeastern areas of Missouri. Egg
scars on small apple fruit in INDIANA were first noted in late May and early June
at Vincennes, Knox County. The majority of early variety apples in one orchard
had egg scars at fruit maturity. One thousand unsprayed Lodi apples yielded

1,200 prepupae, and most unsprayed peaches were infested at harvest in another
orchard, Spring emergence of plum curculio was heavier than usual in CONNECTICUT,
Some increase in damage activity lasted later than usual. Scattered plum curculio
adults occurred by June 25 in RHODE ISLAND. In NEW HAMPSHIRE the first plum
curculio adult was taken on May 15. Unfavorable weather prevailed during the
oviposition period. Damage was at a low level in commercial orchards,

PACIFIC FLATHEADED BORER (Chrysobothris mali) was Severe again in CALIFORNIA in
1968. In WASHINGTON this pest was found feeding in the large brace roots of

3 to 4-year-old cherry trees at White Salmon, Klickitat County, September 13; it
damaged or killed about 50 trees. SCARABS (Pleocoma spp.) did not emerge as
early as expected in OREGON because of unusually high rainfall in August. The
first Pleocoma adults, which were collected September 18, were females of

P. minor; very few males were taken in light traps. First captured the third
week of October, P. crinita appeared to be in peak flight in mid-November, The
above records are for the Hood River Valley, Hood River County. At The Dalles,
Wasco County, P. oregonensis peaked the first part of October.

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SHOT-HOLE BORER (Scolytus rugulosus) was more prevalent than in other years in
CALIFORNIA, Overwintered adults of Ss. rugulosus in WASHINGTON were recovered from
duff under trees about March 1. Numbers were more abundant than usual on stone
fruits in Chelan County. A specimen of APPLE TWIG BORER (Amphicerus bicaudatus)
in OREGON was found in a blacklight trap on one of the Portland docks for the
first report west of the Rocky Mountains. TWIG GIRDLER (Oncideres cingulata) in
KANSAS was less numerous in 1968 than usual. Many larvae and pupae of BROAD-
NECKED ROOT BORER (Prionus laticollis) in RHODE ISLAND were excavated from around
the trunks and roots of apple trees in late June,

APPLE MAGGOT (Rhagoletis pomonella) was a pest in IOWA, Flies were caught on
stickyboards in the Vincennes area of Knox County, INDIANA, from June 10 until
October 26, Adults of the first brood peaked July 2, and the partial second
generation of adults peaked in mid-September. A sample of 1,000 unprayed Lodi
apples from an abandoned orchard produced 1,179 prepupae at harvest, Damage
occurred in local commercial orchards, The first apple maggot adults of the
season were collected in northeastern OHIO on June 20, In late July larvae began
to emerge from summer apples. Larvae in PENNSYLVANIA continued as the major pest
of backyard apple trees. Timely sprays held numbers to a low level in commercial
orchards, Late Season activity in CONNECTICUT was heavy in commercial and back-
yard trees; more fruit was infested, Females in RHODE ISLAND laid eggs in late
July; little damage occurred in commercial orchards,

A CHERRY FRUIT FLY (Rhagoletis indifferens) caused much economic loss in OREGON
where spray programs were lax, First adult emergence was noted in late May and
early June in Jackson, Marion, and Umatilla Counties. Most cherry orchards in
the Flathead Lake area and the Bitterroot Valley of MONTANA were treated for

R. indifferens, BLACK CHERRY FRUIT FLY (R. fausta) adults were collected in Door
County, WISCONSIN, beginning June 7 and occurred throughout the county, Late in
July full-grown larvae were heavy in untreated cherry orchards in Door County.

In August adult catches declined.

PEAR-SLUG (Caliroa cerasi) was very low in Jackson County, OREGON, although
numbers are normally abundant in this area. Much parasitism was noted. Pear-
slug larvae in MONTANA infested ornamental plums, cotoneaster, and backyard fruit
trees. Pear-slug infested fruit trees at several locations in Ravalli, Lake,
Gallatin, Musselshell, Carbon, and Yellowstone Counties, Montana, Pear-slug was
a pest in IOWA, EUROPEAN APPLE SAWFLY (Hoplocampa testudinea) in NEW HAMPSHIRE
caused a significant amount of damage for the first time in a commercial orchard.
European apple sawfly injury occurred in 2 orchards in VERMONT, The number of
reports are increaSing. Damage is as yet insignificant, Numbers on apples were
above normal,

EUROPEAN RED MITE (Panonychus ulmi) started to build up in NEW HAMPSHIRE in late
July after 4-6 weeks of dry weather. This mite was absent from VERMONT
orchards. All stages of European red mite infested sprayed and unsprayed
orchards throughout the growing Season in RHODE ISLAND. Developing late in the
season, infestations in central MARYLAND caused moderate damage in commercial
orchards, Recommended controls were not effective in several orchards. Popula-
tions of European red mite and other mites in VIRGINIA were generally lighter
than in 1967. Very few serious problems involved fruit loss. Hatch of over-
wintering European red mite eggs in most OHIO areas was nearly completed by the
second week of May. During July some buildup occurred. By the third week of
August bronzed apple foliage, and up to 30 mites per leaf were reported. Unfavor-
able weather generally kept numbers lighter than normal during the season,

Most overwintering eggs of European red mite in INDIANA had hatched at Vincennes,
Knox County, by April 22, Hot, humid weather in the southern districts favored
heavy buildups on apples. Miticides were applied in mid-June when counts reached
25 motile forms per leaf. Late July counts averaged 43 immatures and 31 adults
per leaf in Knox County. September counts declined naturally while overwintering
eggs were laid. This was the major apple pest in southern Indiana, In MICHIGAN
hot, humid weather caused outbreaks on apples, prunes, peaches, and cherries.

¢.

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European red mite was a pest in many IOWA orchards, Populations on apples and
peaches in MISSOURI were light from early April until late June, then moderate to
severe in some orchards, and finally declining by late July. Numbers on apples
in COLORADO were not so abundant as in 1967 and 1966, This pest was controlled
by miticides. European red mite counts in UTAH were above normal. The greatest
amount of damage occurred in Utah County. This mite was prevalent throughout the
growing season in CALIFORNIA,

TWO-SPOTTED SPIDER MITE (Tetranychus urticae) occurred infrequently and in very
low numbers throughout the growing Season in RHODE ISLAND. Miticides easily
controlled heavy numbers in FLORIDA, Unnecessary and poorly timed applications
seemed to aggravate the situation in many cases. Sprays on apples in COLORADO
had to be applied 2-3 times to control two-spotted spider mite populations of
30-50 per leaf. Indirect loss of apples was estimated at 1-3 percent. Miticides
added to cover sprays on pears gave good control, Normal cover sprays on peaches
controlled the light to moderate numbers.

A SPIDER MITE (Tetranychus mcdanieli) caused much damage in one central and 5
northwestern counties of NEW MEXICO, A complex of T., mcdanieli and two-spotted
spider mite in UTAH was common and damaging. Populations developed, damaged, and
remained on the trees later than normal. Dominant in many orchards during 1967,
two-spotted spider mite was seldom dominant this season, T. mcdanieli infesta-
tions ranged up to 200 per leaf in parts of some integrated orchard blocks of
Canyon County, IDAHO, by early August. Typhlodromus spp. (phytoseiid mites)
ranged O-5 per leaf,

Nymphs of a SPIDER MITE (Tetranychus sp.) were first found in INDIANA in an apple
leaf sample at Vincennes, Knox County, on May 1, Numbers in most orchards were
low probably because of the good quality of the ground cover, One commercial
orchard on sandy soil was heavily infested in midseason, Tetranychus sp. in
MISSOURI ranged light to moderate on apples until mid-July; a few reports of high
numbers occurred in late July and early August. In OREGON overwintering forms of
Tetranychus spp. were active by mid-March in Hood River and Wasco Counties. Mid-
August counts on most tree fruits were heavy. Predaceous mites and much moist,
cool weather kept the spider mite problem lower than usual, A FRUIT-TREE MITE
(Bryobia rubrioculus) was low for the fourth successive year in UTAH. Bryobia
rubrioculus ranged light to moderate on peaches in COLORADO. Normal cover sprays
gave good control,

APPLE RUST MITE (Aculus schlechtendali) was collected from apple at Shoreham,
VERMONT, for a new State record. A. Schlechtendali was heavy in unsprayed apple
trees in an orchard at Vincennes, Knox County, INDIANA, in June, PEACH SILVER
MITE (A. cornutus) ranged light to moderate on peaches in COLORADO. Normal cover
sprays gave good control, PEAR RUST MITE (Epitrimerus pyri) on pears in Colorado
was not so abundant as in the past 2 years; early sprays gave good control. PEAR
LEAF BLISTER MITE (Eriophyes pyri) infested many pear and apple trees in western
MONTANA,

Several pests were of some concern on nut crops in 1968. WALNUT CATERPILLAR
(Datana integerrima) damaged nuts in TEXAS, and was damaging in scattered areas
of OKLAHOMA from early July to mid-October. Larvae defoliated many walnut and
pecan trees throughout eastern KANSAS. Walnut caterpillar populations ranged
light to moderate on walnut in eastern, Southeastern, and northeastern NEBRASKA
in August and September, Colonies averaged one or more per tree in most areas.
Larvae defoliated many black walnut trees in IOWA, Hatch in OHIO was first
reported in June. During July larval populations became established primarily on
walnut, but also on hickory. By mid-August defoliated walnut trees were common.
Walnut trees were severely defoliated through much of the State except possibly
in the southeastern area. Widespread damage to walnut and hickory continued
through most of August. In early September most larvae had completed feeding.
PECAN NUT CASEBEARER (Acrobasis caryae) moths from the overwintering generation
in FLORIDA appeared about May |. Damage was severe in untreated pecan orchards
near Monticello, Jefferson County. Many growers lost at least half of their crop.

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A light second generation caused practically no economic damage. Heavy first and
second generations of pecan nut casebearer caused some pecan losses in central
and southern ALABAMA. Infestations in TEXAS were reported from the south-central
and Rolling Plains areas, Pecan nut casebearer eggs were first found in south-
western and south-central OKLAHOMA in early June, Heavy numbers infested
scattered areas by late June. Second-generation egg laying began in early August.
Larvae of pecan nut casebearer damaged nuts on untreated trees in the Carlsbad
area of Eddy County, NEW MEXICO. Larvae were found in nuts in the Artesia area
of this county for the first time during the summer of 1968. NAVEL ORANGEWORM
(Paramyelois transitella) infestations in almonds and walnuts were normal in
CALIFORNIA.

HICKORY SHUCKWORM (Laspeyresia caryana) moth emergence peaked in FLORIDA April 4

to 11, 1-2 weeks before the first pecan nuts appeared near Monticello, Jefferson
County. Most second-generation larvae occurred on hickory. In the second week

of July moths were first seen in numbers about pecans. Third-generation larvae
apparently caused a heavy July drop of pecan nuts. A very heavy fifth generation
in late September and early October was followed by a very light sixth generation
in late November, Overall damage was heavy. Hickory Shuckworm was again the major
pest of pecans in ALABAMA. Serious losses resulted from the lower yield and

poorer quality. This pest was damaging in OKLAHOMA during October and November,
and larvae damaged nuts in TEXAS.

In OREGON, FILBERTWORM (Melissopus latiferreanus) adults emerged July 9 in a test
orchard near Eugene, Lane County, and reached a peak during the first few days of
August, FALL WEBWORM (Hyphantria cunea) was heavy on walnuts in Butte County,
CALIFORNIA, Larvae ranged medium to heavy in most areas of OKLAHOMA from mid-June
to early September.

APHIDS (Monellia spp.) were lighter than usual in FLORIDA, but Myzocallis spp.
were heavy in many cases. Near Monticello, Jefferson County, sooty mold as a
result of Monellia spp. infestations caused early defoliation of neglected pecans,
Myzocallis spp., however, appeared too late to cause serious damage. BLACK PECAN
APHID (MyZocallis caryaefoliae) , BLACK-MARGINED APHID (Monellia costalis), and
Monelliopsis nigropunctata were serious pests of pecans in southern and central
ALABAMA, but aphids were generally less important than in most years. Black-
margined aphid caused occasional damage in OKLAHOMA, but this aphid and black
pecan aphid required treatment in most pecan orchards in NEW MEXICO, FILBERT
APHID (Myzocallis coryli) in northern UTAH was extremely numerous in some plant-
ings during Spring and fall, WALNUT APHID (Chromaphis juglandicola) heavily
infested English walnut trees at times in Washington, Utah, and Weber Counties,
UTAH. Slightly above normal infestations over most of the State made black
walnut foliage moderately to extremely sticky. Walnut aphid and black-margined
aphid were the major species infesting nut crops in CALIFORNIA, PHYLLOXERAS
(Phylloxera spp.) appeared in mid-May in OKLAHOMA and were heavy in many areas by
early June,

PECAN WEEVIL (Curculio caryae) caused localized damage as usual in FLORIDA, but
was Severe in parts of a few pecan groves in the vicinity of Monticello, Jefferson
County. Egg oviposition apparently occurred in early July. Larvae left the nuts
in October. Counts of 12 larvae per square yard in soil were not uncommon in
November. Pecan weevil has become more widespread and damaging in ALABAMA. In-
festations occurred farther south than usual in Covington, Clarke, Monroe, and
other southern counties. Emergence of pecan weevil began in late August in
OKLAHOMA. Damage ranged as high as 90 percent on the very small pecan crop in
Mayes County. Light to heavy populations occurred in many of the pecan-growing
regions of TEXAS, Infestations were again heavy in Kimble, Menard, and Comanche
Counties.

WALNUT HUSK FLY (Rhagoletis completa) was detected for the first time in
Clackamas and Yamhill Counties, OREGON, during 1968. The first adults were
collected at The Dalles, Wasco County, the last week of June. In past years,
emergence began during the last half of July. Adults began to emerge in Jackson

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County the week of July 26, and the first catch of the season in Portland was
August 1. In The Dalles emergence peaked during the first week of August and
again in the first week of September. This can probably be correlated with an
unusually cool, wet August which suppressed most insect activity. Populations
appeared to be higher in The Dalles and are still increasing in Jackson County,
Lighter numbers were reported in Douglas County. Walnut husk fly was widespread
and very damaging in CALIFORNIA. Populations ranged moderate to very numerous in
UTAH. Larvae infested more English walnuts than black walnuts from Utah County
northward,

PACIFIC SPIDER MITE (Tetranychus pacificus) infested almonds, and a FRUIT-TREE MITE
(Bryobia rubrioculus) was heavy on this crop in CALIFORNIA, PECAN LEAFROLL MITE
(Aceria caryae) caused occasional damage in OKLAHOMA. Unspecified MITES were
abundant in Several pecan groves in FLORIDA, especially late in the year, but
damage was not severe.

CITRUS
Highlights:

An ARMORED SCALE occurred in 16 percent of the survey groves in Florida. This is
the highest number on record and indicates potential problems in the State. In-
festations of several other SCALE INSECTS were at low levels in Florida.
CALIFORNIA RED SCALE was unusually prevalent and difficult to control in Califor-
nia. MEALYBUGS and WHITEFLIES were generally normal on Florida citrus. Larvae
of LEAF ROLLER MOTHS were problems in California and Arizona, CITRUS RED MITE
was severe in California citrus areas and was heavy on grapefruit and lemons in
Arizona.

BLACK SCALE (Saissetia oleae) was above normal from January to March in FLORIDA
but was important only in 2-5 percent of the groves. Numbers increased rapidly
from a very low level at mid-May to a record high for June. In June 93 percent
of the groves were infested, and 50 percent had heavy infestations, Black scale
continued at a very high level through July, gradually decreased to a low level
by late September, and was in the normal low range in the fall. PYRIFORM SCALE
(Protopulvinaria pyriformis) and BROWN SOFT SCALE (Coccus hesperidum) were at the
lowest levels for November in 18 years in Florida. In ARIZONA brown soft scale
heavily infested a 100-acre grove at Goodyear, Maricopa County, in June, In
early December a moderate infestation was found at Somerton, Yuma County.
CITRICOLA SCALE (C. pSeudomagnoliarum) heavily infested trees at Glendale,
Goodyear, and Litchfield in Maricopa County, Arizona, from April through June.
In CALIFORNIA citricola scale was much lower than in 1967, but black scale was
higher apparently because of lower parasite activity.

The following armored scales were reported from FLORIDA. Unaspis citri was
recorded from 16 percent of the survey groves, the highest percentage on record,
This indicates future problems. Populations generally did not increase to above
normal levels until the second half of 1968 when a record high was reached for
November. This scale continued to be a problem for citrus nursery owners because
of difficulty with controls and the need to quarantine infested stock, FLORIDA
RED SCALE (Chrysomphalus aonidum) was at the lowest November levels in 18 years.
PURPLE SCALE (Lepidosaphes beckii) was the lowest for June in 17 years and the
lowest for November and December in 18 years of record, GLOVER SCALE (L. glo-
verii) , CHAFF SCALE (Parlatoria pergandii) , and YELLOW SCALE (Aonidiella
Citrina) were below normal during 1968 in Florida.

CALIFORNIA RED SCALE (Aonidiella aurantii) was unusually prevalent and difficult
to control in CALIFORNIA. Locally heavy damage occurred, Parasite and/or
predator activity were reduced or absent.

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COTTONY-CUSHION SCALE (Icerya purchasi) was at the lowest November levels in 18
years in FLORIDA. MEALYBUGS and WHITEFLIES generally followed the norms estab-
lished from previous records, APHIDS in Florida citrus groves were scarce in
winter due to weather, and populations were the lowest on record for March, In
spring aphids were much below normal due to the late appearance and rapid hardening
of the spring flush,

The following Lepidoptera were troublesome. A TORTRICID MOTH (Ptycholoma
peritana) infested citrus in Tulare County, CALIFORNIA. Platynota stultana was
severe on 10,000 acres in Kern, Tulare, and Fresno Counties in December. In
ARIZONA P,. stultana required controls in nurseries at Yuma, Yuma County, from
mid-July through October, and ORANGE-DOG (Papilio cresphontes) was a problem on
many trees during September and October, eSpecially young trees in Maricopa and
Yuma Counties. In FLORIDA orange-dog became very prevalent on limes in the
Homestead area of Dade County.

CITRUS THRIPS (Scirtothrips citri) was lower but more widespread in CALIFORNIA.
Nymphs began appearing in the Salt River Valley of ARIZONA during early March.

By late March prebloom treatment had been made in most groves. Postbloom treat-
ments were applied in mid-April. In September populations built up heavily,
especially on young trees. Ripe fruit Showed little damage in early December.

In Yuma County nymphs appeared at Yuma in mid-February, and adults were active
from mid-March through September in nurseries, Periodic treatments were required
in nurseries,

FORK-TAILED BUSH KATYDID (Scudderia furcata) was damaging in Riverside and San
Bernardino Counties, CALIFORNIA, In ARIZONA fork-tailed bush katydid and

S. mexicana caused heavy feeding injury on the rinds of ripe navel oranges.
Damage waS especially heavy in groves on the east side of the Salt River Valley
in Maricopa County. In late February viable eggs were heavy on leaf edges and
stems at Mesa. Numbers were heavy at Chandler Heights and East Mesa in mid-April.
By early May these katydids were feeding heavily on young fruit.

CITRUS RED MITE (Panonychus citri) was severe and is now a problem in practically
all citrus areas in CALIFORNIA. In ARIZONA citrus red mite was heavy in grape-
fruit and lemon blocks at Yuma, Yuma County, from February through April, spotty
from May through September, and heavy in October through early December. Treat-
ments were made to prevent fruit scarring. In FLORIDA citrus red mite was the
lowest for June in 17 years of record. A peak in July was slightly higher than
the moderate level of May. Only 33 percent of the groves harbored economic
numbers. Populations remained below normal overall and decreased to the lowest
level for September and November in 18 years of record,

TEXAS CITRUS MITE (Eutetranychus banksi) was much above the normal winter abun-
dance in FLORIDA until late March, when it then decreased to normal. About 5
percent of the groves in scattered locations had heavy infestations, From April
to June this mite was at moderate levels. Populations held the normal high level
through July when 54 percent of the groves had economic infestations and then
rapidly decreased in August to the lowest September level since 1955,

CITRUS FLAT MITE (Brevipalpus lewisi) scarred fruit in ARIZONA at Yuma, Yuma
County, from July through September. This mite was found in the Wellton citrus
area in early October; repeated treatments were made. Light numbers infested
the fall flush of growth at Deer Valley and Rainbow Valley during early November
in Maricopa County. Citrus flat mite populations were medium in Butte, San
Bernardino, and Tulare Counties, CALIFORNIA.

CITRUS RUST MITE (Phyllocoptruta oleivora) was the heaviest in 17 years of record
from January through March in FLORIDA. At the January peak, infestations were
heavy in 49 percent of the groves and important in all districts. April to mid-
September populations continued above normal; a majority of the groves had eco-
nomic infestations. Near mid-September a brief decrease to normal levels was
followed by the fall uptrend, At mid-November frosty weather started a downward

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trend, CITRUS BUD MITE (Aceria sheldoni) was general in coastal Santa Barbara
and Ventura Counties, CALIFORNIA.

OTHER TROPICAL AND SUBTROPICAL FRUIT

OLIVE SCALE (Parlatoria oleae) was heavy on olive in Madera, Tulare, Fresno, and
Yolo Counties, and BLACK SCALE (Saissetia oleae) infested olive trees locally; both
were in CALIFORNIA. FIG SCALE (Lepidosaphes ficus) showed some buildup in

Fresno County.

A SEED CHALCID (Megastigmus pistaciae) did not spread in Butte County, CALIFORNIA,
due to suppression treatment. A JUNE BEETLE (Cotinis texana) damaged ripening
figs in San Bernardino and San Diego Counties, California, Larvae of a GRACIL-
LARIID MOTH (Gracillaria perseae} were more abundant on avocado in the Homestead
area of FLORIDA than for Several years. AVOCADO RED MITE (Oligonychus yothersi)
was generally not abundant enough on avocados in Florida to warrant control
measures.

SMALL FRUITS
Highlights:

WESTERN GRAPE LEAF SKELETONIZER was damaging in the Salt River Valley of Arizona,
STRAWBERRY CROWN MOTH larvae damaged strawberries in Washington and Oregon,
CRANBERRY FRUITWORM was severe on blueberries in New Hampshire. STRAWBERRY APHID
was unusually numerous in the Willamette Valley of Oregon, MITES were of some
concern in a few areas,

WESTERN GRAPE LEAF SKELETONIZER (Harrisina brillians) adults appeared in mid-
April in NEVADA, about a month early, and developed heavy populations in the Las
Vegas area of Clark County. This pest was found in Boulder City, Clark County,
for the first time. Larvae caused very light damage to vineyards in the "Dixie"
area of Washington County, UTAH. Eggs were laid from mid-May through September
in ARIZONA. Adults were numerous in June, and larvae in July. Larvae damaged
many vines in the Salt River Valley of Maricopa County.

STRAWBERRY CROWN MOTH (RamosSia bibionipennis) larvae heavily damaged some straw-
berry fields in Washington and Malheur Counties, OREGON, and severely girdled
roots and stunted many young strawberry plants in a 5-acre field in Clark County,
WASHINGTON, in April. RASPBERRY CROWN BORER (Bembecia marginata) infested rasp-
berries in most of western MONTANA. Larvae of GRAPE BERRY MOTH (Paralobesia
viteana) conspicuously damaged vineyards in the "Dixie" area of WaShington County,
UTAH.

CRANBERRY FRUITWORM (Acrobasis vaccinii) severely damaged some highbush blueberry
plantings in NEW HAMPSHIRE. Larvae infested up to 25 percent of the clusters.
Larvae of GRAPE PLUME MOTH (Pterophorus periscelidactylus) infested grape leaves
June 13 in RHODE ISLAND and tips in most plantings in CONNECTICUT,

WESTERN RASPBERRY FRUITWORM (Byturus bakeri) adults were common on flowers of
western thimbleberry in Multnomah County, OREGON, during June, This fruitworm
beetle was not reported on cane fruits in Oregon but infested raspberry plant-
ings at Arlee in Lake County, MONTANA. EASTERN RASPBERRY FRUITWORM (B. rubi)
adults were active by May 16 in RHODE ISLAND. This specieS was more common than
usual in NEW HAMPSHIRE.

A WEEVIL (Sciopithes obscurus) was a contaminant of cane berries in the northern
Willamette Valley of OREGON. Larvae of another weevil (Peritelinus oregonus)
heavily damaged at least 50 acres of strawberries in the Parkdale area O

Klickitat County, WASHINGTON, in July. STRAWBERRY ROOT WEEVIL (Brachyrhinus
ovatus), B. rugosostriatus, and BLACK VINE WEEVIL (B. sulcatus) damaged strawberry,

- 206 -

raspberry, and other susceptible plants in UTAH. Strawberry root weevil and
Brachyrhinus rugosostriatus were numerous in canyons and farm areas. Egg laying
injury by another WEEVIL (Ampeloglypter ater) was widespread in New Haven County,
CONNECTICUT.

A FLEA BEETLE (Altica ignita) heavily infested some varieties of strawberries in
mid-September in ARKANSAS. In NEW HAMPSHIRE moderate to heavy feeding by Altica
sylvia caused some defoliation in several acres of lowbush blueberries, RASP-
BERRY CANE BORER (Oberea bimaculata) populations were above average in New
Hampshire.

STRAWBERRY APHID (Chaetosiphon fragaefolii) was unusually prevalent in the
Willamette Valley of OREGON, where large numbers persisted until late in the
season, Strawberry aphid averaged 2 per strawberry leaf by March 1 at Vancouver
in Clark County, WASHINGTON. This is a higher than usual count for this time of
year,

LEAFHOPPERS (Erythroneura spp.) were widespread and heavy on grapevines in
CALIFORNIA, VIRGINIA-CREEPER LEAFHOPPER (Erythroneura ziczac) was plentiful and
persistent on grapevines in Garfield County, MONTANA. Virginia-creeper leaf-
hopper and ROSE LEAFHOPPER (Edwardsiana rosae) discolored much grape foliage
throughout UTAH.

GRAPE MEALYBUG (Pseudococcus maritimus) was heavy on grapes in San Joaquin County,
CALIFORNIA,

A CECIDOMYIID MIDGE (Lasioptera vitis) was the heaviest on small fruits in several
years in NEW HAMPSHIRE, CURRANT FRUIT FLY (Epochra canadensis) infested goose-
berries and currants at Livingston, Park County, and at Jordan, Garfield County,
in MONTANA,

IMPORTED CURRANTWORM (Nematus ribesii) infested some black and amber currants in
UTAH. GRAPE SAWFLY (Erythraspides vitis) caused light to moderate damage on
grapes in Washington County, TENNESSEE, during late August and early September.

A MITE complex was prevalent on strawberries in the Bradenton area of Manatee
County, FLORIDA. Mites were severe on strawberries in the Homestead area of Dade
County, and effective controls were needed. An ERIOPHYID MITE (Phyllocoptes
wisconsinensis) distorted leaves in a planting of cultivated elderberries in
Crawford County, PENNSYLVANIA, for a new county record. SPIDER MITES (Tetranychus
spp.) often discolored red currant and raspberry foliage in UTAH. TWO-SPOTTED
SPIDER MITE (T. urticae) was a serious pest of strawberries in all CALIFORNIA
growing areas. CYCLAMEN MITE (Steneotarsonemus pallidus) damaged strawberries in
Santa Barbara County, and GRAPE ERINEUM MITE (Eriophyes vitis) was locally severe
in El Dorado and Sonoma Counties. REDBERRY MITE (Acalitus essigi) caused substan-
tial yield reductions in improperly sprayed blackberry fields in the Willamette
Valley of OREGON.

SLUGS (Deroceras spp.) damaged strawberries on many occasions in OHIO during the
1968 season,

- 207 -

INSECTS NOT KNOWN TO OCCUR IN THE UNITED STATES

EYELESS TAMPANS (Ornithodoros moubata (Murray) complex)

Economic Importance: Certain members of this group are vectors of African tick-
borne relapsing fever (Borrelia duttoni) of man in East, Central, and South
Africa. Although the disease is hyperendemic, it sometimes reaches epidemic pro-
portions and many deaths have occurred. This rather severe disease is accompanied
by a high fever lasting a few days but relapses quickly follow. In the United
States, O. parkeri Cooley, O. hermsi Wheeler, Herms and Meyer and O. turicata
(Duges) are vectors of human relapSing fever in the Southwest. Bites of African
eyeless tampans may be quite irritating. In 1964, over one million huts infested
with these ticks were reported in Tanzania alone. Aside from huts, O. moubata
complex may be annoying in rest and labor camps and places such as coffeehouses
where people congregate. These species apparently have been willfully distributed
(at times) when migrant workers leave home for long periods. They carry ticks
which they allow to feed on themselves to preserve their immunity to the disease.
These pests, which are easily concealed, also have been spread through commercial
channels such as potato baskets and household goods. Domestic pigs are important
hosts of some species and often harbor large quantities of these ticks. In
Malawi, eyeless tampans have been suspected of causing death among pigs. Ac-
cording to Walton, O. moubata is a complex of species in which several biological
and morphological differences have been noted.

Distribution: Angola, Botswana, Burundi, Congo (Kinshasa), Ethiopia, Ghana, Kenya,
Malagasy Republic, Malawi, Mozambique, Republic of South Africa, Rwanda, Sierra
Leone, Somalia, Southwest Africa, Southern Rhodesia, Sudan (limited small areas),
Tanzania, Uganda, and Zambia.

Hosts: Man, domestic pigs, chickens, warthogs, South African tortoises and snakes.

awe

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Dorsal and ventral views of female Ornithodoros porcinus porcinus Walton, one of the
species of the 0. moubata complex in Africa. (Illustrations--courtesy of H. Hoogstraal)

Acarina;: Argasidae No. 181 of Series

- 208 -

Life History and Habits: Following mating, the female takes a blood meal and
deposits eggs in 5-25 days. Oviposition usually occurs only after a blood meal
and feeding sometimes takes place before mating. Parthenogenesis rarely occurs;
when it does, the progeny are all females. Eggs are emitted singly from the
genital opening and come in contact with a glandular organ providing each with a
waxy, waterproof coating. Those which fail to get coated do not hatch. Ten to
over 250 eggs per batch have been recorded and one female usually deposits 6-7
batches. Following the egg stage, which lasts about 8 days, larvae emerge but do
not feed. In fact, they are nonmotile and remain quiescent until the nymphal
molt, a few hours to 5 days later. Eyeless tampans are among the few ticks known
to have an inactive larval stage. Nymphs are quite active and pass through 4-8
instars before becoming adults. Although the first nymphal stage requires about
8 days at room temperature, Subsequent ones require a longer time. Males com-
plete the life cycle in a minimum of 60 days and females 73 days. The life cycle
may be greatly prolonged depending upon delayed feeding and mating. O. moubata
complex is more resistant to desiccation than most ticks. Moreover, unfed speci-
mens have been kept alive for five years.

Description: ADULT - Length about 8 mm. but engorged females may reach 11 mm.
Eyeless. Color, dusty brown to greenish with few ochreus patches, but after
engorging becomes darker. Integument granular. Genital opening, short and
rounded in males but a broad slit in females, situated between the first pair of
legs. EGG - 0.9 x 0.8 mm. One of the largest known of tick eggs. Slightly
ovoid, glistening golden yellow when first laid. Eggs from older females light
to dark brown, LARVA - About 1 mm., not capable of movement but with most essen-
tial structures as in larval ticks. Mouth parts degenerate. Color dull purplish
brown. NYMPH - Flattened, subcircular and ochreus in color. Minute spiracle
between legs III and IV. No genital opening.

General Distribution of Ornithodoros moubata (Murray) Complex

Selected References: 1. Hoogstraal, H. 1956. African Ixodoidea. Vol. I. Ticks

Of the Sudan. pp. 119-190. 2. Lesson, H. S. 1952. Bul. Ent. Res. 43(2) :407-411.
3. Nuttall, G. H. F., Warburton, C., Cooper, W. F. and Robinson, L. E. 1908.
Monograph of the Ixodoidea. Part I, Argasidae. pp. 46-55. 4. Walton, G. A. 1964.
J. Med. Ent. 1(1):53-64. 5. Walton, G. A. 1962. Zool. Soc. London Symp. 6:83-156.

Prepared in Survey and Detection Operations

in cooperation with other ARS agencies; Dept. U.S. Dept. Agr.

of the Navy; and Dept. of Biology, Old Dominion Coop. Econ, Ins. Rpt.
College, Norfolk, Virginia 19(12) :207-208, 1969

OSTAGE AND
PARTMENT Of

&

ah |

. Issued by

VOL. 19 No.13 March 28 1969

Cooperative

ECONOMIC INSECT
REPORT

AMI HSON™
y EN \ LP <
( APR <4 1969.)

\Sigraries 7

PLANT PEST CONTROL DIVISION

AGRICULTURAL RESEARCH SERVICE

UNITED STATES DEPARTMENT OF AGRICULTURE

AGRICULTURAL RESEARCH SERVICE

PLANT PEST CONTROL DIVISION

SURVEY AND DETECTION OPERATIONS

The Cooperative Economic Insect Report is issued
weekly as a service to American Agriculture. Its contents
are compiled from information supplied by cooperating State,
Federal, and industrial entomologists and other agricultural
workers. In releasing this material the Division serves as
a clearing house and dees not assume responsibility for ac-
curacy of the material.

All reports and inquiries pertaining to this release,
including the mailing list, should be sent to:

Survey and Detection Operations
Plant Pest Control Division
Agricultural Research Service
United States Department of Agriculture
Federal Center Building
Hyattsville, Maryland 20782

Volume 19 March 28, 1969 Number 13

COOPERATIVE ECONOMIC INSECT REPORT

HIGHLIGHTS

Current Conditions

GREENBUG heavy on wheat in Rolling Plains and Panhandle of Texas. Heavy on wheat
in Jackson and Tillman Counties in Oklahoma. (p. 211).

VEGETABLE WEEVIL heavy on flue-cured tobacco in plant beds in Madison County,
Florida. (p. 213).

PINK BOLLWORM larvae collected on wild cotton at two locations in Everglades
National Park, Monroe County, Florida (p. 216). Larvae medium on wild cotton
at Waipahu, Ewa, and Waianae, Oahu Island, Hawaii. (p. 217).

Detection
A JAPANESE WEEVIL reported for first time in West Virginia. (p. 218).

For new county records see page 218.

Some First Occurrences of Season

A MAY BEETLE in Florida, LESSER CLOVER LEAF WEEVIL and PEA LEAF WEEVIL in Oregon,
CLOVER STEM BORER in Tennessee, BEET ARMYWORM in Arizona, PEAR PSYLLA eggs in
Washington and Oregon, FALL WEBWORM and HICKORY SHUCKWORM in Florida, SPRING
CANKERWORM and ELM LEAF BEETLE in Michigan, and a SUBTERRANEAN TERMITE in Iowa.
FACE FLY active in Washington, Nebraska, Tennessee, and Virginia.

Forecasts

FOREST TENT CATERPILLAR populations expected to be same as in 1968 in Fort Collins
area of Larimer County, Colorado (p. 214) and may cause severe defoliation of
hardwoods in Lower Michigan (p. 227). SPRUCE BUDWORM may require controls in some
recreation areas in Minnesota. (p. 223). SADDLED PROMINENT infestations expected
to increase in New York. (p. 224).

Special Reports
Summary of Insect Conditions in the United States - 1968
Ornamentals (pp. 219-221).

Forest (pp. 222-226).
Shade Trees (pp. 226-232).

Reports in this issue are for week ending March 21 unless otherwise indicated.

- 209 -

- 210 -

CONTENTS
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Insects Affecting
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Turf, Pastures, Rangeland..........211 CAELUSeistoleteloneislcletelelcieislolcrevotel ohevorenenet ict
Forage) THeSuUMeS Kk aiciee ereiele(s efeye: sie eis oleae Ornamental’ Sherciciencic cvelelelolelcl exerelevelevenercrce
TODAGC COlsiexeie\elleleheltesileleie\el si) ole ereiej o/c) skeie re arsyailcd Forest and Shade Trees): jccicicicie eto
SUPATDEESESIceN co cleiclsleicle wis clercielelslensierceleiiois Man ‘and’ Animals. icicic ctcic eles elele ereneiao

Potatoes, Tomatoes, Peppers........213 Households and Structures.......215

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Summary of Insect Conditions in the United States - 1968
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WEATHER OF THE WEEK ENDING MARCH 24

HIGHLIGHTS: A rising temperature trend occurred over most of the United States
Tast week. More snow fell from central Iowa to Upper Michigan,and thunderstorms
occurred in the South. The snowpack in the West, North Central, and Northeast
decreased with only minor local flooding.

PRECIPITATION: Rain, accompanied by strong winds, fell along the Washington and
Oregon coast early in the week. Showers occurred in northern California and
spread eastward to the Rocky Mountains. Midweek brought snow from the northern
Great Plains to New England with 5-6 inches of new Snow common in southern
Minnesota, west-central Iowa, Wisconsin, and Upper Michigan. Marshall, Minnesota,
received 10 inches, and 8-12 inches fell locally in central Upper Michigan.
Thunderstorms brought generous rains to most of the Southeast early and late in
the week with several sunny days at midweek. Rains in Indiana, Ohio, and
Kentucky on Sunday afternoon and evening followed several weeks of dry weather,
during which brush and grass fires became increasingly frequent. The heavy
snowpack in the West, the northern Great Plains, and eastward to New England
decreased somewhat. In Washington and other Western States, much of the snow
melted in the foothills and lower range and farm lands with most of the water
percolating into the ground and with very little runoff. The snowmelt caused
local high water problems in Montana and rising streams in Iowa. Thawing pro-
gressed slowly in the Dakotas and Minnesota, but posed a threat of flooding
because of the high water content. Many bare areas appeared in New England.
Weather of the week continued on page 218.

= 12 e

SPECIAL INSECTS OF REGIONAL SIGNIFICANCE

ARMY CUTWORM (Chorizagrotis auxiliaris) - WYOMING - None in wheat in Laramie,
Goshen, and Platte Counties. (Parshall). COLORADO - Second instars on wheat
ranged 0-2 per linear foot in Briggsdale and New Raymer area, Weld County. None

in 4 northeastern counties. (Johnson, Pilcher). KANSAS - None in wheat in 8 south-
central counties. (Simpson). OKLAHOMA - Ranged 1-5 per 10 linear feet in most
wheat in 7 north-central counties. Light in Blaine and Major Counties. Averaged

5 per 10 linear feet in barley in Kingfisher County. (Okla. Coop. Sur.).

GREENBUG (Schizaphis graminum) - WYOMING - None in wheat in Laramie, Goshen, and
Platte Counties. (Parshall). COLORADO - None on wheat in northeastern area,
(Johnson, Pilcher). KANSAS - Less than 1 per row foot in wheat examined in Ottawa,
Cloud, Mitchell, Osborne, Smith, Phillips, Rooks, and Ellis Counties. (Simpson),
TEXAS - Maximum number per row foot in wheat March 17-18 by county: Randall 500,
Potter 250, Swisher 3,000, Briscoe 3,000, Hall 2,000, Deaf Smith 3,000, Parmer
1,200, Castro 5,000, and Oldham 250. Wheat generally good. Above counts scarce
as control excellent. Survey completed in 4 additional counties March 19.

Counts per row foot by county: Hartley 20, Dallam 50, Sherman 50, and Moore 300.
Lighter in northern panhandle area. (Daniels). OKLAHOMA - Heavy in Jackson and
Tillman Counties. Up to 150 per linear foot on wheat in Beckham County. Ranged
30-35 in Cotton County. Counts of O-7 in Grant, Garfield, Kay, Noble, Payne,
Logan, Kingfisher, Major, and Blaine Counties. (Okla. Coop. Sur.). NEW MEXICO -
Reaching control levels in eastern area, (N.M. Coop. Rpt.).

CORN LEAF APHID (Rhopalosiphum maidis) - ARIZONA - This species and Macrosiphum
avenae (English grain aphi ight and scattered in most barley in Maricopa and
Pinal Counties. (Ariz. Coop. Sur.). NEW MEXICO - R. maidis light to moderate on
barley in Dona Ana County. (Campbell). er

POTATO PSYLLID (Paratrioza cockerelli) - ARIZONA - Averaged 1 per potato plant in
Salt River Valley, Maricopa County. (Ariz. Coop. Sur.).

SPOTTED ALFALFA APHID (Therioaphis maculata) - NEW MEXICO - Averaged 75 per square
foot in one Chaves County alfalfa field; ranged 0-25 per square foot in other
fields surveyed. (Mathews) ,

SMALL GRAINS

ENGLISH GRAIN APHID (Macrosiphum avenae) - OKLAHOMA - Light, 1-2 per linear foot,
in occasional wheatfields in central and north-central areas and in barley in
Kingfisher County. (Okla. Coop. Sur.). MISSISSIPPI - Light on wheat in
Oktibbeha County. (Dinkins, Mar. 14).

AN APHID (Rhopalosiphum padi) - CALIFORNIA - Medium on barley in Kerman, Fresno
County. (Cal. Coop. Rpt.). OKLAHOMA - Averaged 50 per linear foot in 12 to 15-
inch rye in Noble County. (Okla. Coop. Sur.).

PALE WESTERN CUTWORM (Agrotis orthogonia) - NEBRASKA - Hatching in southeast
Scotts Bluff and northwest Banner Counties. No wheat damage. (Hagen, Mar. 18).

WINTER GRAIN MITE (Penthaleus major) - OKLAHOMA - Ranged 1-15 per linear foot in

scattered wheatfields in north-central and northwestern areas. (Okla. Coop.
Sur.). TEXAS - Damaging wheat in Foard County. (Boring).

TURF, PASTURES, RANGELAND

AN APHID (Rhopalosiphum padi) - CALIFORNIA - Heavy on grass and iris plants in
Encanto, San Diego County. (Cal. Coop. Rpt.).

ar 4d)

CHINCH BUG (Blissus leucopterus) - KANSAS - Bunch grass samples collected in late
February from 55 central and eastern counties. Total of 173 samples collected.
Average number per square foot by district as follows: Northeast 0.89 (only in
Riley County); east-central 14.0; southeast 17.3; north-central 0; central 67;
south-central 95.6. Highest average counts above 100 per square foot by county:
Morris 114 (range 0-4); Dickinson 222 (range 0-5); Marion 212 (range 0-5); Harvey
137 (range 0-150); Sedgwick 107 (range 0-21). (Wilde, Martinez, Redding,
Simpson),

A MAY BEETLE (Phyllophaga tristis) - FLORIDA - First emergence of year noted in
Gainesville area, Alachua County. (Woodruff, Mar. 19).

GREEN JUNE BEETLE (Cotinis nitida) - ALABAMA - This species and Phyllophaga spp.
(white grubs) ranged 20-25 per Square foot in Coastal Bermuda grass in Cullman
County. (Baswell).

FORAGE LEGUMES

ALFALFA WEEVIL (Hypera postica) - MISSISSIPPI - Larval counts per 200 stems by
county: Oktibbeha 10; Pontotoc 7; Marshall 13. Adults per 10 square feet by
county: Oktibbeha 1; Pontotoc 2; Marshall 1. (Pitre, Mar. 14). WEST VIRGINIA -
Samples of overwintering eggs show low viability in standing alfalfa stems through
February. Percent hatch by month: November 88, December 20, January 2, February
0. Percent hatch in stems on ground surface in February much higher, 36. (W. Va.
Ins. Sur).

EGYPTIAN ALFALFA WEEVIL (Hypera brunneipennis) - ARIZONA - Larvae averaged 20 per
100 sweeps in alfalfa in Pinal County. (Ariz. Coop. Sur.).

LESSER CLOVER LEAF WEEVIL (Hypera nigrirostris) - OREGON - Overwintering adults
active in Salem, Marion County. Westcott, Mar. 14).

CLOVER SEED WEEVIL (Miccotrogus picirostris) - MISSOURI - Adults collected with
Malaise trap at Ashland, Boone County, July 12, 1968. This is a new county
record. (Munson).

PEA LEAF WEEVIL (Sitona lineatus) - OREGON - Overwintering adults flying in Salem,
Marion County. (Westcott).

CLOVER STEM BORER (Languria mozardi) - TENNESSEE - This species and Conotrachelus
seniculus (a weevil) observed on ragweeds bordering cornfields in Grundy County.
(Williams).

PEA APHID (Acyrthosiphon pisum) - ARKANSAS - Low, 30-40 per 100 sweeps, in bur
and crimson clover in Faulkner and Lee Counties; little buildup to date. (Boyer).
NEW MEXICO - Light to medium on alfalfa in Chaves and Dona Ana Counties.

(N.M. Coop. Rpt.). ARIZONA - Averaged 250 per 100 sweeps of alfalfa at Pinal
County. (Ariz. Coop. Sur.).

LYGUS BUGS (Lygus spp.) - ARIZONA - Averaged 20 nymphs per 100 sweeps in Pinal
County... CArizemcoop., Sur).

THREE-CORNERED ALFALFA HOPPER (Spissistilus festinus) - ARKANSAS - Active in
eastern area. Adults ranged 8-10 in 100 Sweeps in bur clover in Lee County.
(Boyer).

ALFALFA CATERPILLAR (Colias eurytheme) - ARKANSAS - Second instars ranged 5-6 in
100 sweeps on bur clover in Lee County. (Boyer).

WESTERN FLOWER THRIPS (Frankliniella occidentalis) - ARIZONA - Averaged 250 per
100 sweeps on alfalfa at Pima County. (Ariz. Coop. Sur.).

- 213 -

TOBACCO

VEGETABLE WEEVIL (Listroderes costirostris obliquus) - FLORIDA - Larvae on flue-—
cured tobacco in plant beds; heavy on 800 square yards in Madison, Madison County;
scattered over 1,000 square yards at Live Oak, Suwannee County. Collected and
determined by D. Lundy and B. Whitty. @ilaz Coop. Sure):

SUGARBEETS

BEET ARMYWORM (Spodoptera exigua) - ARIZONA - Larvae very light in many fields in
Maricopa and Pinal Counties. (Ariz. Coop. Sur.).

BROWN STINK BUG (Euschistus servus) - ARIZONA - Adults light in most fields in
Maricopa and Pinal Counties. (Ariz. Coop. Sur.).

POTATOES, TOMATOES, PEPPERS

DESERT CORN FLEA BEETLE (Chaetocnema ectypa) - ARIZONA - Light on potatoes in Salt
River Valley, Maricopa County. (Ariz. Coop. Sur.).

GREEN PEACH APHID (Myzus persicae) - ARIZONA - Moderate on potato plants 6 inches
high. Treatments underway in Salt River Valley, Maricopa County. (Ariz. Coop. Sur.).

COLE CROPS

A SPOTTED CUCUMBER BEETLE (Diabrotica undecimpunctata tenella) - NEW MEXICO -
Infesting lettuce in Mesilla Valley, Dona Ana County, and Hatch Valley, Sierra
County. Some controls being applied. (Campbell).

DIAMONDBACK MOTH (Plutella xylostella) - FLORIDA - Very severe on broccoli and
cauliflower at Bradenton, Manatee County. (KelsSheimer, Mar. 3).

CABBAGE LOOPER (Trichoplusia ni) - FLORIDA - Observed 154 full-grown larvae on

40 cabbage plants in cupping Stage on unsprayed plots at Bradenton, Manatee

County. Collected and determined by E.G. Kelsheimer March 3. No problem now on
cabbage at Hastings, St. Johns County; Belle Glade, Palm Beach County; and Sanford,
Seminole County. (Fla. Coop. Sur.).

GENERAL VEGETABLES

AN APHID (AcyrthosSiphon scariolae) - ARIZONA - Many lettuce fields in Maricopa
and Pinal Counties being treated. (Ariz. Coop. Sur.).

AN ACARID MITE (Tyrophagus dimidiatus) - CALIFORNIA - This mite and Myzus persicae
(green peach aphid) caused medium damage to Spinach in Soledad area, Monterey
County. Wet weather caused mites to move up onto leaves from low crowns.

(Cal. Coop. Rpt.).

- 214 -

DECIDUOUS FRUITS AND NUTS

HICKORY SHUCKWORM (LaspeyresSia caryana) - FLORIDA - First adult emergence in out-
door cages noted at Monticello, Jefferson County. Collected and determined by
W.H. Whitcomb March 6. This earlier than last year. (Fla. Coop. Sur.).

PEAR PSYLLA (Psylla pyricola) - OREGON - Oviposition underway in Portland,
Multnomah County. (Gray, Mar. 14). WASHINGTON - Adult count 1 per trap, more
in sagebush than orchard; no egg differentiation March 5 in Wenatchee and Chelan
Counties. (Rushmore). First adults caught in flight at Yakima, Yakima County,
March 3-5. (Landis, Fox). First eggs observed at orchard in Parker Heights,
Yakima County, March 7. (Johnson).

CITRUS

THRIPS - ARIZONA - Frankliniella occidentalis (western flower thrips) moderate on
citrus trees in Eloy area, Pinal County. Some activity by Scirtothrips citri
(citrus thrips) noted in block in same area. (Ariz. Coop. Sur.).

YELLOW SCALE (Aonidiella citrina) - CALIFORNIA - Heavy and general on citrus trees
in Nicolaus, Sutter County. (Gall; (Coops Rpt. )).

A SPIDER MITE (Eotetranychus lewisi) - CALIFORNIA - Medium on citrus trees in San
Diego, San Diego County. (Cal. Coop. Rpt.).
ORNAMENTALS

A WALSHIID MOTH (Periploca nigra) - CALIFORNIA - Heavy in juniper shrubs in
Placerville, El Dorado County. (Cal. Coop. Rpt.).

A CHRYSAUGID MOTH (Galasa nigrinodis) - VIRGINIA - Larvae on English boxwood
light in Hanover County (Innes, Feb. 11), medium in Charles City County (May,
Feb. 28), and light in Charlotte County (May, Mar. 12).

GREENHOUSE WHITEFLY (Trialeurodes vaporariorum) - CALIFORNIA - Heavy on poinsettia
nursery stock in Santa Maria, Santa Barbara County. (Gals Coop). Rpt:

MINING SCALE (Howardia biclavis) - FLORIDA - All stages severe on stems of undeter-
mined number of 200 dombeya hybrids, Dombeya sp., at Miami, Dade County. Collected
by J. Dillon February 26. This is a new Florida Department of Plant Industry

host record. (Fla. Coop. Sur.).

TEA SCALE (Fiorinia theae) - ALABAMA - Heavy increase of crawlers noted on
camellia and holly. Averaged 25-75 per leaf on heavily infested plants. Many
growers applying controls. (McQueen).

FOREST AND SHADE TREES

A SOFT SCALE (Toumeyella pinicola) - CALIFORNIA - This species and Phenacaspis
pinifoliae (pine needle scale) medium on Monterey pine in Oakland, Alameda County.
(CallqCoopi. Rpt: )!.

FALL WEBWORM (Hyphantria cunea) - FLORIDA - First adults in blacklight traps at
Gainesville, Alachua County, March 9-10. (Habeck, Mead).

FOREST TENT CATERPILLAR (Malacosoma disstria) - COLORADO - Egg survey indicates
populations will be same as in 1968 in Fort Collins area, Larimer County.
(Thatcher).

FALL CANKERWORM (Alsophila pometaria) - MICHIGAN - Blacklight collections in
Livingston County: 123 males March 18, 19, and 23. (Newman).

- 215 -

SPRING CANKERWORM (Paleacrita vernata) - MICHIGAN - Adults active in Muskegon and
Ingham Counties. (Janes, Mar.

ELM LEAF BEETLE (Pyrrhalta luteola) - MICHIGAN - Taken in Wayne County. (Janes,
Mar. 17).

MAN AND ANIMALS

SCREW-WORM (Cochliomyia hominivorax) - One case reported in U.S. March 16-22:
TEXAS, Maverick County. Total of 71 cases reported in portion of Barrier Zone in
Republic of Mexico March 16-22 as follows: Sonora 21, Chihuahua 5, Coahuila 3,
Nuevo Leon 5, Tamaulipas 37. Total of 4 cases reported in Mexico South of Barrier
Zone. Barrier Zone is area where eradication operation underway to prevent
establishment of self-sustaining population in U.S. Sterile screw-worm flies
released: Texas 63,968,000; Mexico 137,820,000. (Anim. Health Div.).

COMMON CATTLE GRUB (Hypoderma lineatum) - FLORIDA - Larvae averaged 11 per animal,
Some over 40 per animal, at Canal Point, Palm Beach County. Collected and deter-
mined by M.J. Janes, March 7. (Fla. Coop. Sur.). OKLAHOMA - Moderate in cattle
in Mayes County. (Okla. Coop. Sur.).

FACE FLY (Musca autumnalis) - WASHINGTON - Adults very abundant in church in
Sawyer, Yakima County, March 10. (Johnson, Retan). NEBRASKA - Active in Furnas
and Lancaster Counties March 16. (Roselle). TENNESSEE - Heavy during warmer
days in Knox County. (Williams). VIRGINIA - Found in homes throughout winter in
Culpeper County. (Heltzel, Amos, Mar. 6).

A NOSE BOT FLY (Cephenemyia jellisoni) - OKLAHOMA - Adult activity light in
Cherokee County. Okla. Coop. Sur.).

HORN FLY (Haematobia irritans) - FLORIDA - Adults declined to average of 15 per
animal in Belle Glade area by mid-March. Collected and determined by M.J. Janes.
(Fla. Coop. Sur.).

SHEEP KED (Melophagus ovinus) - TEXAS - Moderate to heavy in Sutton, Edwards, and
Pecos Counties. (Neeb).

MOSQUITOES - MISSISSIPPI - Adults and larvae, respectively, collected in Hancock
County: Culiseta inornata 175 and 49; Culex salinarius 15 and 4; C. restuans 13
and 185; C. territans 0 and 86; Anopheles crucians I2 and 0; Aedes vexans 3 and 12;
A. canadensis 0 and 20. (Dinkins, Mar. I7).

LICE - OKLAHOMA - Haematopinus eurysternus (Short-nosed cattle louse) heavy on
cattle in Cotton and MayeS Counties and moderate in Cleveland and Nowata
Counties. (Okla. Coop. Sur.). TEXAS - Bovicola ovis (sheep biting louse)

heavy on sheep in Crockett, Pecos, and Edwards Counties; unspecified goat lice heavy
in Sutton and Edwards Counties. (Neeb).

WINTER TICK (Dermacentor albipictus) - TEXAS - Moderate to heavy in Sutton and
Edwards Counties. (Neeb).

BROWN RECLUSE SPIDER (Loxosceles reclusa) - OKLAHOMA - Very heavy in home in Tulsa,
Tulsa County. (Okla. Coop. Sur.).

HOUSEHOLDS AND STRUCTURES

A WEEVIL (Brachyrhinus rugosostriatus) - NEVADA - Adults light in home in Caliente,

Lincoln County, in August 1968. Identified by R.C. Bechtel. This is a new county
record. (Miller).

- 216 -

BROWN SPIDER BEETLE (Ptinus clavipes) - IOWA - Found in basement of home in Sac
City, Sac County. This iS a new county record. (Iowa Ins. Sur.).

A SUBTERRANEAN TERMITE (Reticulitermes sp.) - IOWA - Probably R. flavipes (eastern
subterranean termite) swarmed in Cedar Rapids, Linn County, March 17. First report
of swarming in 1969. (Iowa Ins. Sur.).

STORED PRODUCTS

GRANARY WEEVIL (Sitophilus granarius) - WYOMING - This weevil, Tribolium confusum
(confused flour beetle), and Rhyzopertha dominica (lesser grain borer) medium in
stored barley at Agriculture Experiment Station in Torrington, Goshen County.
(Parshall).

FEDERAL AND STATE PLANT PROTECTION PROGRAMS

BOLL WEEVIL (Anthonomus grandis) - TEXAS - Weekly checks of 225 traps operated in
control zone made during February. Weevils caught during week of February 24.
(PPC South. Reg.).

BROWN-TAIL MOTH Nygmia phaeorrhoea) - MAINE - Winter mortality check made of
winter webs in Portland area. Few larvae emerged from web collected at one
location; up to 100 larvae emerged from single web at another location. Winter
weather to end of February will probably have little adverse effect on larvae.
NEW HAMPSHIRE - Survey hampered by heavy snow. To date, 2 single web infestations
found at widely separated locations; Henniker Township in Merrimack County and
Moultonboro Township in Carroll County. Both webs at old infestation sites.
MASSACHUSETTS - Scouting to delimit known infested areas on Cape Cod begun
February 10, webs clipped in lightly infested areas, and detection survey in
Cape area also started. Limited survey being conducted in western part of State.
(PPC East. Reg.).

IMPORTED FIRE ANT (Solenopsis SaevisSima richteri) - NORTH CAROLINA - Surveys
conducted in Brunswick, Carteret, Columbus, OnSlow, and Pamlico Counties during
February. Imported fire ant found in all counties except Pamlico. Surveys in
Robeson and Cumberland Counties negative. (PPC South. Reg.). GEORGIA - Collected
along county road 5 miles south of Waverly, Camden County, March 6. Referred by
K.L. Davenport. Determined by D.R. Smith. This is a new county record. (PPC).

CITRUS BLACKFLY (Aleurocanthus woglumi) - TEXAS - Survey during February con-
centrated in BrownSville area of Cameron County. Limited surveys made in Webb
and Zapata Counties. No A. woglumi found. (PPC South. Reg.).

GYPSY MOTH (Porthetria dispar) - NEW JERSEY - Egg mass surveys in vicinity of
positive trap Sites continued during February. Small infestations found about 3
miles west of heavy infestation at Weekstown, Atlantic County. PENNSYLVANIA -
Scouting continued in Carbon, Schuylkill, and Berks Counties to determine if
additional areas of heavy infestation present on or near Blue Mountain Ridge;
results negative. Federal and State personnel continued to scout positive trap
Sites in Luzerne, Bucks, Lackawanna, and SuSquehanna Counties. Scouting
completed in Lackawanna and Susquehanna Counties; no heavy infestations found.
Six egg clusters found near Tobyhanna Army Depot in Clifton Township, Lackawanna
County; 20 egg masses found near Alden in Newport Township, Luzerne County.

(PPC East. Reg.).

PINK BOLLWORM (Pectinophora gossypiella) - FLORIDA - Larvae collected on wild
cotton at two locations in Everglades National Park, Monroe County; Bouy Key
location K-32 and Cape Sable. (Humphries, Weaver, Mar. 16).

- 217 -

A SEED CHALCID (Megastigmus pistaciae) - CALIFORNIA - During February 2,100 nuts
from 1967 pistachio crop at U.S. Plant Introduction Station inspected; 53 live
larvae, numerous dead larvae, and one dead male adult collected. Additional
pistachio seeds from several portions of infested orchard placed in emergence cages

in effort to secure guideline information for timing of Spray applications. (PPC
West. Reg.).

SWEETPOTATO WEEVIL (Cylas formicarius elegantulus) - Surveys during February
revealed following new infestations: 6 in Baldwin County, ALABAMA; 2 in Decatur
County, GEORGIA; one in Rapides Parish and one in Ouachita Parish, LOUISIANA;

C : one
in Jefferson Davis County, MISSISSIPPI. (PPC South. Reg.).

HAWAII INSECT REPORT

Cotton - Larvae of PINK BOLLWORM (Pectinophora gossypiella) medium on wild cotton
plants along roadsides at Waipahu, Ewa, and Waianae, Oahu. Random inspection
showed 10 of 20 bolls in each area with one or more larvae. (Funasaki).

Turf, Pastures - A GRASS WEBWORM (Herpetogramma licarsisalis) infestation subsided
and now at Lowest level in many months on paStures at Haiku, Maui. Population
very light on turf grasses and pastures in areas on Maui and all other islands.
(Miyahira et al.). GRASS FLEAHOPPER (Halticus chrysolepis) nymphs and adults heavy
on Tifgreen Bermuda grass lawns in Kaneohe, Oahu. . Adults of a FLEAHOPPER
(Spanogonicus albofasciatus) light on some lawns. Feeding injury (whiteness of

blades) conspicuous. (Leong).

General Vegetables - WATERLILY APHID (Rhopalosiphum nymphaeae) heavy on taro at
Hanalei, Kauai. (Sugawa). SWEETPOTATO LEAF MINER (Bedellia orchilella) heavy and
Sporadic in one-acre sweetpotato field at Waimanalo, Oahu. AS many as 12 larvae
per leaf. Trace to light at Waiahole and Kahaluu. IMPORTED CABBAGEWORM

(Pieris rapae) eggs and adults heavy, larvae medium on head cabbages at Pulehu,
Maui, and on broccoli at Kahuku, Oahu. (Miyahira, Funasaki). SOUTHERN GREEN
STINK BUG (Nezara viridula) light to medium, mostly nymphs, on backyard long beans
at Ewa and Waipahu, Oahu. Nymphs and adults medium on yard-long beans at Koko
Head. Seventy-five percent of adults observed bore eggs of Trichopoda pennipes
var. pilipes (a tachina fly) at Ewa and Waipahu, 40 percent at Koko Head. (Wong).

Fruits - LITCHI MITE (Aceria litchii) widespread on litchi trees throughout Hilo,
Hawaii. Injury to leaves (brown, felt galls) very noticeable on trees. (Yoshioka).

Miscellaneous Insects - Two adults of a LONGHORN GRASSHOPPER (Euconocephalus
nasutus) picked up at the Honolulu International Airport; one at gate 11 on

March 11 and the other at gate 18 on March 12. These were fourth and fifth

known specimens collected to date on Oahu, (Au, Shiroma). Larvae of KOA HAOLE
LOOPER (Anacamptodes fragilaria) light to medium on foliage of tree tobacco
(Nicotiana glauca), kiawe (Prosopis pallida), and koa-haole (Leucaena leucocephala)
in various areaS on Oahu; heavy on rose foliage at Koko Head. (Nakao),

= 218 =

INSECT DETECTION

New State Records

A JAPANESE WEEVIL (Calomycterus setarius) - WEST VIRGINIA - Collected July 17, 1968,
rate Raleigh County, by A.E. Cole. Determined by R.E. Warner. (W. Va. Ins.
New County Records

CLOVER SEED WEEVIL (Miccotrogus picirostris) - MISSOURI - Boone County. (p. 212).
A WEEVIL (Brachyrhinus rugosostriatus) - NEVADA - Lincoln County. (p. 215).
BROWN SPIDER BEETLE (Ptinus clavipes) - IOWA - Sac County. (p. 216).

IMPORTED FIRE ANT (Solenopsis saevissima richteri) - GEORGIA - Camden County.

(Gag ZAUED) ¢

LIGHT TRAP COLLECTIONS

FLORIDA - Gainesville - 3/17-20, BL - Armyworm (Pseudaletia unipuncta) 3, black
cutworm (Agrotis ipsilon) 5, granulate cutworm (Feltia Subterranea) 10. TEXAS -

Brownsville -— 3/14, 2BL - Armyworm 26, black cutworm 60, cabbage looper
(Trichoplusia ni) 19, corn earworm (Heliothis zea) 60, pale-sided cutworm (A.
malefida) 70, Tobacco budworm (Heliothis virescens) 2, variegated cutworm

(Peridroma saucia) 19. Waco - 3714-20, BL - Armyworm 20, granulate cutworm 4,
variegated cutworm 28.

Weather of the week continued from page 210.

TEMPERATURE: A large high pressure area extending from the Rocky Mountains to
the Atlantic Ocean early in the week brought rising temperatures over the Central
and Eastern States. Montana experienced mild weather after 3 months with below
normal temperatures. Temperatures averaged slightly below normal along the Red
River of the North and the Big Sioux River due to the deep snow cover. Sunny,
mild weather prevailed in the Deep South at midweek but failed to offset the
cool temperatures accompanying the cloudy, showery weather early in the week and
over the weekend. A large area along the western edge of the northern Great
Plains from eastern Montana to northwestern Kansas averaged 6°-8° above normal.
The Great Lakes region also averaged 6 °-~8° warmer than seasonal. (Summary
supplied by Environmental Data Service, ESSA.)

- 219 -

SUMMARY OF INSECT CONDITIONS IN THE UNITED STATES - 1968
, (Continued from page 206)

ORNAMENTALS

Highlights:

BAGWORM was the most destructive pest of coniferous shrubs in Alabama, was heavy in
Tennessee and Arkansas, and damaged evergreens in Oklahoma. Larvae of TORTRICID
MOTHS were damaging in some areas, BLACK VINE WEEVIL and related species were
damaging in scattered areas, Various SCALE INSECTS damaged numerous ornamentals
in several States. THRIPS and SPIDER MITES were troublesome in a few areas,

BAGWORM (Thyridopteryx ephemeraeformis) was common on many ornamentals throughout
MARYLAND, Larvae were again the most destructive pests of coniferous shrubs
throughout ALABAMA, Egg hatch in central TENNESSEE began about mid-May. By mid-
June damage was heavy and ranged moderate to heavy statewide. Damage in some
central and eastern areas was heavier than in recent years; unsprayed ornamentals
were completely defoliated in many instances. Bagworm infestations were heavy
and widespread throughout ARKANSAS. Activity in OKLAHOMA began in late May.
Moderate to heavy numbers damaged evergreens throughout the summer. Bagworm
larvae continued to infest ornamentals throughout MISSOURI. Serious defoliation
occurred on saw log size eastern redcedar in Douglas County. Egg hatch in
NEBRASKA was completed by June 18 in Lancaster County. Population levels were
about the same as in 1967, Large numbers of bagworm infested juniper near
Spencer in McCook County, NEBRASKA, in mid-September.

A TORTRICID MOTH (Cacaecimorpha pronubana) was found on Viburnum davidii,
Japanese Skimmia, and dwarf rhododendron in Multnomah County, OREGON. It was
found for the first time in Clatsop County. Platynota stultana infested a wide
variety of hosts in CALIFORNIA, In May and June in Washoe County, NEVADA,
Choristoneura zapulata heavily damaged various ornamental shrubs, especially
roses, and Argyrotaenia cockerellana was again heavy on ornamental juniper in
the southern Nevada area but with less damage than in the last 3 years. Heavy
numbers of OBLIQUE-BANDED LEAF ROLLER (C. rosaceana) persisted in large green-
houses in New Haven County, CONNECTICUT,

A PTEROPHORID MOTH (Platyptilia pica monticcla) was serious on geraniums in
CALIFORNIA, MOURNING-CLOAK BUTTERFLY (Nymphalis antiopa) caused some damage in
the northern area, and a WALSHIID MOTH (Periploca nigra) waS Severe in a few
locations, LILAC LEAF MINER (Gracillaria Syringella) damaged lilacs in most
MONTANA communities east of the Continental Divide. IO MOTH (Automeris io), HAG
MOTH (Phobetron pithecium) , and LESSER CANNA LEAF ROLLER (Geshna cannalis)
damaged ornamentals in TEXAS. One to four larvae of SUGARCANE BORER (Diatraea
saccharalis) infested 40 percent of the stalks of pampasgrass at Samsula,
Volusia County, in FLORIDA in early October, Healthy plants were reduced from
180,000 to 60,000 in a 30-acre field in one year; 50 percent of the reduction
was due to "knocking back" of the plumes. Wasp parasites recovered included
Agathis sp. (a braconid) and Trichogramma sp. (a minute egg parasite). BEET
ARMYWORM (Spodoptera exigua), a noctuid LOOPER complex, and a mite complex were
predominant on chrysanthemums in the Bradenton area of Manatee County, FLORIDA,
S. exigua was also prevalent on gladiolus in this area. W-MARKED CUTWORM
(Spaelotis clandestina) infested ornamentals by May 31 in WISCONSIN; some treat-
ment was done in Wood County. RHODODENDRON BORER (Ramosia rhododendri) infesta-
tions were heavy and numerous during Aprii and May in New Castle County,
DELAWARE,

BLACK VINE WEEVIL (Brachyrhinus sulcatus) adults emerged by July 11 in RHODE
ISLAND, Infestations in nurseries were light by August 8, but by August 22 some
‘infestations were heavy. The number of quarantined nurseries decreased from 15

- 220 -

in 1967 to 5 in 1968, Black vine weevil ranged light to heavy on yew throughout
CONNECTICUT, This weevil persisted as a major problem in MICHIGAN on nursery and
established plantings of yew. Control attempts were generally inconsistent.
Brachyrhinus spp. adults in UTAH were common about gardens, sometimes damaging
roots of roses or other plants and flowers in some gardens, A WEEVIL (Brachy-
rhinus cribricollis) in ARIZONA was heavy on plantings of chrysanthemum, nastur-
tium, privet, and pyracantha at Tucson, Pima County, in September and October.
Black vine weevil damaged nursery stock and yard shrubs in local areas of
CALIFORNIA. HOLLYHOCK WEEVIL (Apion longirostre) was found on hollyhock at Pine
Bluffs, Laramie County, WYOMING, for a new State record.

TEN-LINED JUNE BEETLE (Polyphylla decemlineata) larvae were heavy in trees and
shrubs at Pompeys Pillar, Yellowstone County, and Kalispell, Flathead County,
MONTANA, A FALSE POWDER-POST BEETLE (Amphicerus cornutus) severely damaged old
bougainvillea plantings at Glendale, Maricopa County, ARIZONA, in July.

EUONYMUS SCALE (Unaspis euonymi) heavily infested several varieties of euonymus
in the Albuquerque area of Bernalillo County, NEW MEXICO. Many homeowners
replaced infested euonymus with other shrubs because they were unable to control
this pest. Euonymus scale damaged ornamentals in TEXAS and was again heavy on
euonymus in OKLAHOMA, Crawlers were active in Oklahoma in mid-May, mid-June,
early August, mid-September, and mid-October, Possibly the most destructive pest
of ornamentals, euonymus scale was widespread in ARKANSAS, Euonymus scale was
common in all parts of VIRGINIA, and many heavy infestations occurred on euonymus
throughout DELAWARE,

OYSTERSHELL SCALE (Lepidosaphes ulmi) damage was common on lilacs and other
susceptible shrubs in UTAH, and the pest damaged ornamentals in TEXAS. Infesta-
tions in SOUTH DAKOTA were heavy on lilac hedges at Rapid City, Pennington
County, and at Spearfish, Lawrence County. Lilac at Spearfish had been exten-
Sively damaged; infestations were apparently several years old. Crawlers were
evident on new growth the third week of June. Egg hatch in WISCONSIN began on
May 17, and a few crawlers were exposed. Hatch was 75 percent complete on

May 28, but only 40 percent of the crawlers were exposed on the plants. Crawlers
began producing scales by June 21. High counts infested ornamentals in mid-July.
Oystershell scale was prevalent on lilac in CONNECTICUT.

The following armored scales were also troublesome. In CALIFORNIA, CALIFORNIA
RED SCALE (Aonidiella aurantii) was very widespread on many ornamentals,
OLEANDER SCALE (Aspidiotus nerii) was particularly abundant, and OLIVE SCALE
(Parlatoria oleae) waS heavy in Scattered local areas. JUNIPER SCALE (Diaspis
carueli) numbers and damage increased again in UTAH. TEA SCALE (Fiorinia theae)
damaged ornamentals in TEXAS, was the most destructive and widespread scale on
camellia and Burford hollies in ALABAMA, and was one of the important pests in
FLORIDA. Phenacaspis cockerelli was also an important pest in Florida.

The following soft scales were troublesome. Toumeyella mirabilis killed many
mesquite trees in the northwestern area of Tucson in Pima County, ARIZONA,
during May. BROWN SOFT SCALE (Coccus hesperidum) damaged ornamentals in TEXAS,
A WAX SCALE (Ceroplastes sp.) in VIRGINIA is well established in the Norfolk
area, Severe in the Richmond area, and increasing in the northern areas, ©
FLETCHER SCALE (Lecanium fletcheri) was still troublesome in several nurseries
in CONNECTICUT, Fletcher scale eggs first hatched in RHODE ISLAND on July 11.
Lecanium sp. was again one of the major problems on MICHIGAN-grown yew. Control
attempts were generally inconsistent,

A MEALYBUG (Dysmicoccus wistariae) was heavy on yew in some nurseries in
CONNECTICUT. This Species was again one of the major problems on MICHIGAN-grown
yew. Control attempts were generally inconsistent. LONG-TAILED MEALYBUG (Pseudo-
coccus longispinus) was one of the important ornamental pests in FLORIDA and was
unusually prevalent this year in CALIFORNIA.

= 221. =

A CONIFER APHID (Cinara tujafilina) was one of the most frequently encountered
aphids in CALIFORNIA. Populations on arborvitae in ARIZONA were heavy at
Safford, Graham County, in early February and moderate to heavy at Tucson, Pima
County, and Salt River Valley, Maricopa County, during March. In OKLAHOMA this
aphid damaged arborvitae from early February to late April, Fall activity began
in early December. CHRYSANTHEMUM APHID (Macrosiphoniella sanborni) heavily
infested chrysanthemums in north-centrai and northeastern Oklahoma from mid-April

to mid-May.

A LACE BUG (Stephanitis takeyai) was common wherever andromeda was found in
CONNECTICUT, All Stages of AZALEA LACE BUG (Ss. pyrioides) by August 13 and all
stages of S. takeyai by August 22 heavily infested andromeda in RHODE ISLAND,

A LEAFHOPPER (Opsius stactogalus) heavily defoliated salt-cedar in Churchill and
Lyon Counties, NEVADA, in September and October; light numbers were present in
Pershing County.

EUROPEAN EARWIG (Forficula auricularia) caused early damage and was a nuisance
most of the year in CALIFORNIA. Populations in UTAH may have leveied off as
European earwig was less generally troublesome than 10-20 years ago, Numbers
were, however, very heavy and troublesome in scattered communities and some
canyon picnic areas and damaging in some flower gardens. In MONTANA this plant
feeding and household nuisance was reported from about 20 counties. It still is
not distributed over all of the State, European earwig is widespread in
CONNECTICUT and more injurious to house plants,

THRIPS in general were less prevalent than previously in CALIFORNIA, but CUBAN-
LAUREL THRIPS (Gynaikothrips ficorum) was very severe on Ficus retusa, WESTERN
FLOWER THRIPS (Frankliniella occidentalis) heavily infested roses during April
in the Salt River Valley of Maricopa County, ARIZONA, and was unusually heavy in
many kinds of flowers in UTAH. GLADIOLUS THRIPS (Taeniothrips simplex) was
generally present in Utah; injury ranged from light to very Severe,

A FALSE SPIDER MITE (Pentamerismus taxi) infested Irish yew at Portland for a new
State record in OREGON. SPIDER MITES (Tetranychus spp.) built up to economic
levels on evergreens in several nurseries at Salem, Oregon, in early September.
In CALIFORNIA, TWO-SPOTTED SPIDER MITE (T. urticae) was common and widespread,
and an ERIOPHYID MITE (Aculus ligustri) was very Common on privet. CARMINE
SPIDER MITE (T. cinnabarinus) in ARIZONA built up on violets at Tucson, Pima
County, in late July, was heavy on chrysanthemums at Yuma, Yuma County, in early
August, and was heavy on arborvitae, pyracantha, and violets in the Phoenix area
of Maricopa County during August and September. Unspecified spider mites were
the most general and injurious pests of ornamentals statewide in NEVADA. Two-
spotted spider mite and other spider mites were constant pests of roses, azaleas,
and many other shrubs and annual flowers throughout ALABAMA. Two-spotted spider
mite was one of the important pests in FLORIDA. Carmine spider mite was abundant
on Japanese yew in a nursery in Hartford County, CONNECTICUT.

SLUGS were a serious problem for the Second year in NEW HAMPSHIRE. Damage by
Deroceras spp. in OHIO on annuals and perennials was reported many times.

Damage to flowers continued into September. Arion ater was found on 3 residential
properties in August at Pullman, Whitman County, WASHINGTON. Specimens were also
taken from commercial nurseries at Spokane, Spokane County. This is believed to
be the first record of establishment east of the Cascade. Mountains in the State.
A SNAIL (Rumina decollata) heavily infested gardens and lawns at Mesa, Phoenix,
and Tempe in Maricopa County, ARIZONA, in November.

GARDEN SYMPHYLAN (Scutigerella immaculata) damaged arborvitae, juniper, yew,
and various garden plants in OHIO,

- 222 -

FOREST INSECTS L/
Situation in the Western States

All reports indicate that BARK BEETLE damage was again the major problem confront-
ing forest managers in the West. MOUNTAIN PINE BEETLE (Dendroctonus ponderosae)
still predominated in the Intermountain States with heavy infestations continuing
to deplete lodgepole pine forests of eastern IDAHO and western WYOMING. However,
the widespread infestations on the Teton National Forest, Wyoming, continued to
decline, On the Targhee National Forest, Idaho, infestations collapsed from
natural causes in some areas and built up in others. In the northern and central
Rockies, this insect caused damage to ponderosa pine and white pine as well as
lodgepole pine,

A number of other BARK BEETLES were active in western forests, For example,
DOUGLAS-FIR BEETLE (Dendroctonus pseudotsugae) damage in 1968 was the highest
recorded in recent years in OREGON and WASHINGTON; in the Southwest and Inter-
mountain States, ENGELMANN SPRUCE BEETLE (D. obesus) is now a potential threat to
a vast acreage of mature spruce; CALIFORNIA has an epidemic of WESTERN PINE
BEETLE (D, brevicomis) .

Forest DEFOLIATORS also caused concern, Among these were BUDWORMS, NEEDLE
MINERS, and CASEBEARERS, The most Significant areas of BUDWORM activity were in
the central Rockies, in IDAHO, and in western MONTANA, LARCH CASEBEARER (Coleo-
phora laricella) and NEEDLE MINERS were found in increasing numbers in OREGON and
WASHINGTON and in the northern Rocky Mountain States,

In ALASKA the SITKA-SPRUCE BEETLE. (Dendroctonus obesus) remained at epidemic
levels on the Kenai Peninsula despite control efforts using both trap-trees and
chemicals. A new infestation developed near Hyder in southeastern Alaska, and
two old infestation centers in the south-central area became active again.
Defoliation by the LARGE ASPEN TORTRIX (Choristoneura conflictana) was common
throughout the interior. Hundreds of acres were completely defoliated in the
Fairbanks and Glennallen areas. HEMLOCK SAWFLY (Neodiprion tsugae) populations
declined sharply.

Hot, dry weather in the summer of 1967 contributed to an upsurge in all BARK
BEETLE activity in OREGON and WASHINGTON. DOUGLAS-FIR BEETLE damage caused the
loss of one billion board feet of timber. Greater populations of WESTERN PINE
BEETLE, ENGELMANN SPRUCE BEETLE, PINE ENGRAVER (Ips pini), and FIR ENGRAVER
(Scolytus ventralis) emerged and were destructive. Among the DEFOLIATORS, the
LARCH CASEBEARER, the WESTERN HEMLOCK LOOPER (Lambdina fiscellaria lugubrosa), and
NEEDLE MINERS were reported in increased numbers,

At present, the most pressing problem in CALIFORNIA is an epidemic of WESTERN
PINE BEETLE in young-growth pine near McCloud, Localized outbreaks of other
BARK BEETLES--such as FIR ENGRAVER, MOUNTAIN PINE BEETLE, DOUGLAS-FIR BEETLE--
occurred but did not reach epidemic dimensions. The CALIFORNIA FLATHEADED BORER
(Melanophila californica) continued to destroy Jeffrey pine in the southern part
of the State. Jeffrey pine and lodgepole pine in El Dorado County suffered from
an infestation of PINE NEEDLE SCALE (Phenacaspis pinifoliae). Damage from defo-
liating insects was minor,

lf This summary is the highlights section of the "Forest Insect Conditions in the
United States - 1968" which was compiled and published by the Forest Service,
U.S. Department of Agriculture. Copies of the complete annual summary are avail-
able upon request from the Regional Forester or Area Director in your area,
Addresses of the regional offices may be found on page 226 in this issue of the
CEIR.

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MOUNTAIN PINE BEETLE in lodgepole pine was the main problem in the Intermountain
States. The long-standing epidemic on the Teton National Forest, which started to
decline in 1967, continued to lessen. On a noncontrol area of the Targhee
National Forest, beetle populations were reduced by natural factors, In another
area chemical control reduced tree killing and slowed migration into adjoining
beetle-free stands. Ina third area some tree-killing occurred when a control
program was abandoned, Infestations increased on the Bridger National Forest and
Yellowstone National Park, WYOMING, There was some slight buildup in MOUNTAIN
PINE BEETLE populations in ponderosa pine throughout the entire Intermountain
Region, In 1968, areas infested by SPRUCE BUDWORM (Choristoneura fumiferana)
broadened, the largest increases being on the Payette and Bridger National
Forests. ENGELMANN SPRUCE BEETLE also increased generally in portions of south-
ern IDAHO and western WYOMING, but most other BARK BEETLES and DEFOLIATORS
remained about as they were in 1967,

The northern Rockies experienced a general upsurge of both DEFOLIATORS and BARK
BEETLES. MOUNTAIN PINE BEETLE caused losses in mature lodgepole, ponderosa, and
white pine stands, particularly in the Kaniksu National Forest, IDAHO, and along
the foothills of the Big and Little Snowy Mountains, MONTANA, Unburned slash
and windthrown Engelmann spruce trees in the Flathead National Forest, Montana,
contributed to a severe outbreak of ENGELMANN SPRUCE BEETLE there. In 1968 an
epidemic of SPRUCE BUDWORM covered a total of 4.2 million acres of Douglas-fir
and true fir forests in IDAHO and western MONTANA, SPRUCE BUDWORM and a FIR
CONEWORM (Dioryctria abietella) destroyed a large amount of Douglas-fir seed in
some areas of MONTANA, LARCH CASEBEARER spread through larch stands in western
MONTANA, northern IDAHO, and eastern WASHINGTON, and was discovered for the first
time in Glacier National Park, MONTANA.

The most important insect pest of the central Rockies was the BLACK HILLS BEETLE
(Dendroctonus ponderosae) which increased in numbers on the Black Hills,
Roosevelt, and San Juan NationalForests. More than a quarter of a million acres
are now infested. ENGELMANN SPRUCE BEETLE populations were low but were still a
threat to over-mature Engelmann spruce in COLORADO and WYOMING. Areas of SPRUCE
BUDWORM defoliation broadened, but damage did not increase, and no suppression is
planned.

Throughout the Southwest, ENGELMANN SPRUCE BEETLE populations showed a trend
toward epidemic proportions, On the Santa Fe National Forest, NEW MEXICO, this
beetle emerged from scattered blowdown and attacked standing trees. There were
other currently active ENGELMANN SPRUCE BEETLE centers on the Carson National
Forest, New Mexico, and on the Apache National Forest, ARIZONA,

Situation in Southern and Southeastern States

BARK BEETLES were the major concern in the South and Southeast with the SOUTHERN
PINE BEETLE (Dendroctonus frontalis) again the most important pest. Populations
were abundant in LOUISIANA, and new outbreaks occurred in the coastal plains of
NORTH CAROLINA and in the Great Smoky Mountains National Park. In TEXAS, pine
losses were the greatest since 1962. The outlook improved in MISSISSIPPI,
ALABAMA, SOUTH CAROLINA, and VIRGINIA where SOUTHERN PINE BEETLE numbers declined.
The BLACK TURPENTINE BEETLE (D. terebrans), which infested stumps and residual
trees in logging areas of LOUISIANA, MISSISSIPPI, and TEXAS in 1967,’ subsided to
the point where chemical control is now not necessary. Drought contributed to a
buildup of ENGRAVER BEETLES (Ips spp.) in several areas. New infestations of
BALSAM WOOLLY APHID (Adelges piceae) appeared in the Fraser fir forests of the
southern Appalachians, SAWFLIES, FALL WEBWORM (Hyphantria cunea), and a variety
of nuisance pests were evident in many localities. :

Situation in the Lake and Central States and the Northeast
SPRUCE BUDWORM remained a major problem in the Northeastern States. In MINNESOTA

about 500,000 acres of spruce-fir type are infested. Control may be needed in
some recreation areas in 1969. SPRUCE BUDWORM remained active on over 80,000

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acres near Oxbow, MAINE. Except in Lower MICHIGAN, JACK-PINE BUDWORM (Choristo-
neura pinus) populations were static in the Lake States, Outbreaks of

TUSSOCK MOTH (Dasychira plagiata) are recurring in MINNESOTA and WISCONSIN.
SARATOGA SPITTLEBUG (Aphrophora saratogensis) populations are increasing in those
two States and also in MICHIGAN and MAINE, Damage by BALSAM WOOLLY APHID contin-
ued in the fir stands of northern New England, A mixed population of FALL
CANKERWORM (Alsophila pometaria) and OAK LEAF TIERS (Croesia spp.) defoliated over
one million acres Of oak in PENNSYLVANIA, NEW JERSEY, and WEST VIRGINIA. Several
species of OAK LEAF ROLLERS damaged red oaks over a 360-square mile area in Lower
MICHIGAN, SADDLED PROMINENT (Heterocampa guttivitta) again heavily defoliated
hardwoods from the Lake States to New England. A disease reduced SADDLED
PROMINENT populations in PENNSYLVANIA and Upper MICHIGAN; however, this insect is
expected to increase in some areas of NEW YORK in 1969. The FOREST TENT CATER-
PILLER (Malacosoma disstria) continued to defoliate large acreages of aspen in
MINNESOTA and MICHIGAN. BEECH SCALE (Cryptococcus fagi) moved into MASSACHUSETTS
and NEW YORK causing mortality to sawtimber-size stands. Hardwood BORERS continue
to damage oaks from MARYLAND to MISSOURI. The annual loss caused by these BORERS
in Missouri is estimated at $2,000,000.

Suppression Activities

Continuing the trend of the past few years, bark beetles were the major target of
control efforts in the Nation during 1968. Although the direct control effort
against the mountain pine beetle in lodgepole pine stands of the intermountain
West was reduced, it remained the largest bark beetle project in the country.
Studies and continuous assessments of the direct frontal attack on this outbreak
have led to realignment to emphasize Salvage and harvest. In the future, less
dependence will be placed on a direct control program.

In the South and Southeast the Forest Service joined with the States of North
Carolina, Mississippi, Louisiana, and Texas in efforts to suppress the destruc-
tive southern pine beetle on Federal, State, and private forested lands, By the
end of 1968, timely salvage logging, cutting and burning, or chemically treating
infested trees had resulted in good control on all areas except in Texas and
parts of Louisiana.

Only a minor amount of control work was needed on other bark beetles during 1968.
Outbreaks of Douglas-fir beetle, spruce beetle, western pine beetle, and mountain
pine beetle in ponderosa pine were handled by salvage and commercial thinning
sales with minimum reliance on chemical treatment.

Control projects to suppress defoliating insects involved less acreage in 1968
than in other recent years. Only about 33,500 acres were sprayed, and of this
total over 17,000 acres were treated in pilot control studies, One study (in
cooperation with the Maine Forest Service) was made to evaluate the effectiveness
of an organophosphate against the spruce budworm, The results were not satis-
factory.

A carbamate that shows promise as a replacement for DDT for budworm control, was
again tested in 1968 in Montana. The nonpersistent chemical was applied at the
rate of 1 ounce in 1 pint of carrier per acre. The spray was applied by aircraft
equipped with the aerosol spray system developed by Forest Service engineers,
Control results were unsatisfactory, but this was not considered due to the
ineffectiveness of the insecticide. Plans are to retest this carbamate in 1969
at a dosage rate of 2.4 ounces in one-half gallon of carrier.

Thorough and timely evaluations of jack-pine budworm outbreaks on National
Forests in northern Michigan and Wisconsin led to the cancellation of a 174,000-
acre aerial spray project, based mainly on a last minute natural reduction of the
budworm population,

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In other suppression activities, new outbreaks of pine shoot moth in eastern
Washington and eastern Oregon were handled by both spraying and destruction of
infested trees, Pine reproduction on 1,200 acres of the Coconino National Forest
Arizona, was aerially treated with dimethoate to prevent damage by the south-
western pine tip moth. A grasshopper infestation in young pine plantations on
Mt. Shasta in northern California was aerially treated with malathion, The
Agricultural Research Service handled this 4,200-acre project. Saratoga spittle-
bug was successfully controlled on 1,000 acres in Maine and on 1,900 acres in
Wisconsin and Upper Michigan. Additional cooperative projects included white-pine
weevil control in New York, larch sawfly in Maryland, European pine sawfly in
Pennsylvania, Nantucket pine tip moth in Missouri, and pine tortoise scale

control in Wisconsin,

3

Pest Suppression projects are summarized in the following tabulation:

Pest Control Accomplishments in the United States, 1968

Insect Location Trees Treated Acres Sprayed
Southern pine beetle South and Southeast 266,104
Black turpentine beetle South and Southeast 40,431
Black Hills beetle Colorado, South Dakota,
and Wyoming 17,555
Mountain pine beetle Idaho, Wyoming, and
Utah 474,974
White-pine weevil New York 483 , 600
Saratoga spittlebug Wisconsin 111,750
Balsam woolly aphid North Carolina 26,255
Spruce budworm Idaho and Maine 33,560
Bark beetles 1/ California, Oregon, and
Washington 45,606
Miscellaneous Entire United States 8,413 4,115
Total 1,474,688 37,675

lf Reported in various combinations of western pine beetle, mountain pine beetle,
Jeffrey pine beetle, ips, flatheaded borers, etc.

Region

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REGIONAL AND AREA OFFICE ADDRESSES

U.S. FOREST SERVICE

U.S. Forest Service
Federal Building
Missoula, Montana 59801

U.S. Forest Service
Federal Center, Building 85
Denver, Colorado 80225

U.S. Forest Service

Federal Building

517 Gold Avenue, S.W.
Albuquerque, New Mexico 87101

U.S. Forest Service
Federal Office Building
324 - 25th Street
Ogden, Utah 84401

U.S. Forest Service
630 Sansome Street
San Francisco, California 94111

SHADE TREES

Highlights:

Region

6

10

Area

NA

SA

U.S. Forest Service
P.O. Box 3623
Portland, Oregon 97208

U.S. Forest Service
Federal Office Building
P.O. Box 1628

Juneau, Alaska 99801

Northeastern Area

U.S. Forest Service

6816 Market Street

Upper Darby, Pennsylvania 19802

Southeastern Area

U.S. Forest Service

50 Seventh Street
Atlanta, Georgia 30323

FOREST TENT CATERPILLAR defoliated more than 300,000 acres of hardwoods in
Michigan and 75,000 acres in Minnesota,

GREAT BASIN TENT CATERPILLAR caused less
damage to cottonwood in Utah than for several years.

FALL WEBWORM increased in

northern Indiana, was widespread in Virginia, and caused heavy defoliation at

Bandelier National Monument in New Mexico;
the Willamette Valley of Oregon,
Vermont,
acres in east-central Pennsylvania.
elms in several areas,
OAK WEEVIL has spread
heavy damage,
SCALE-NECTRIA complex
million acres in Vermont,

populations continued to increase in
Several DEFOLIATORS damaged sugar maple in

Larvae of a TORTRICID MOTH caused heavy defoliation of oaks on 500,000

Wisconsin,

ELM LEAF BEETLE caused heavy defoliation of

An outbreak in northern Utah was the worst ever.
to the better hardwood areas of Missouri and caused some
LOCUST BORER caused severe damage in northern Utah.
caused a loss of over 7 million board feet of beech on 2
BIRCH LEAF MINER caused more damage than normal in

ASIATIC

A BEECH

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EASTERN TENT CATERPILLAR (Malacosoma americanum) tents and feeding occurred by
May 6 in RHODE ISLAND; tents reached maximum size by May 23. Larvae were wide-
spread throughout VIRGINIA in the spring. By mid-April hatch was completed
across the entire range in OHIO, and webbing and defoliation were conspicuous on
wild cherry and apple in some southern areas. Larval infestations continued
through April and most of May. About the second week of June moth emergence
began in the central and southern areas. Hosts included apple, wild cherry,
flowering crab apple, quince, and hawthorn. Large populations in counties adjoin-
ing the Ohio River were not so common in 1968 as in 1966 and 1967. Disease and
parasitism may have contributed to the decline. Populations were heavier, how-
ever, in other counties in the southern half of Ohio and in some east-central
counties. Eastern tent caterpillar in southern INDIANA declined sharply relative
to the heavy numbers of 1965 through 1967. Hatch in WISCONSIN began by April 12;
pupation was underway by June 7, Defoliation occurred mostly on chokecherry,
apple, and mulberry trees. In ARKANSAS the light numbers of mid-April remained
light.

FOREST TENT CATERPILLAR (Malacosoma disstria) populations remained very low in
VERMONT. This pest defoliated more than 300,000 acres of mixed hardwood stands
in Antrim, Charlevoix, and Kalkaska Counties, MICHIGAN. Not so severe infestations
were noted in Wexford and Grand Traverse Counties. Other infestations in the
Lower Peninsula did not reach severe defoliation proportions in 1968 but may in
1969. The area of heavy defoliation in MINNESOTA was smaller than that in 1967.
Defoliation was heavy on about 75,000 acres and ranged from very light to light
on about 2 to 3 million acres of Populus sp. and hardwoods such as birch and ash.
About 7 million acres covering about 300 townships in northeastern Minnesota are
involved. No controls, other than individual efforts, are projected for 1969,
While light in many MONTANA communities, forest tent caterpillar was heavy at
Havre, Hill County; Chinook, Blaine County; Dillon, Beaverhead County; and
Bozeman, Gallatin County. Forest tent caterpillar in UTAH was lighter than
normal generally, but susceptible hosts were damaged in several canyons,

GREAT BASIN TENT CATERPILLAR (Malacosoma fragile) caused less damage to cotton-
wood foliage in Washington, Grand, San Juan, and southern Emery Counties, UTAH,
than in several years. A TENT CATERPILLAR (M. incurvum discoloratum) was

heavy on poplar in Clark County, NEVADA, in March and April. Local abundance of
M. constrictum in Marion County, OREGON, indicated a great increase in population.

MIMOSA WEBWORM (Homadaula anisocentra) was reported in 18 new IOWA counties from
3 different areas in 1968. Damage to honeylocust was quite severe. In INDIANA
second-generation damage to honeylocust was more widespread than for several
years. The southern districts had the heaviest infestations, up to 60 percent
browned foliage. In OHIO honeylocust defoliation was particularly heavy and
widespread, up to 80-90 percent in late July and early August. By the first
week of June early instars had begun feeding on honeylocust in the east-central
area. In mid-July severe and widespread defoliation began to appear. By the
first week of August second-generation larvae were present. Mimosa webworm
ranged moderate to heavy in most of MARYLAND and was common throughout VIRGINIA.
Numbers in central and western TENNESSEE were heavy from early August into fall.
Severe damage was localized. Mimosa webworm was again the major pest of mimosa
trees throughout ALABAMA, Light activity in OKLAHOMA began in mid-July. This
pest was present in at least 21 counties in the north-central, northeastern,
central, east-central, and southeastern areas. Leaf damage ranged 70-90 percent
in all but marginal areas. Mimosa webworm extended its range in CALIFORNIA into
Tehama County.

FALL WEBWORM (Hyphantria cunea) webbing in RHODE ISLAND was evident by July 28
with many large tents by September 3. Numbers in OHIO did not start to increase
until late July and early August. About the third week of August larval numbers
were near their Seasonal peak, and webbing was extremely common through much of
central to eastern Onio. By early September larvae were approaching full growth.
Numbers in southwestern INDIANA were lighter than in 1967 on hickory, walnut, and
wild cherry trees. In northern Indiana populations increased slightly from the

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low levels of 1967. Webs were first observed in mid-July in the southern areas

and in late July in the north. Fall webworm was widespread throughout VIRGINIA,
Webs and defoliation became noticeable in August throughout TENNESSEE. Defolia-
tion was heavy on redbud and oaks, especially in the central and in some western
areas of Tennessee,

Fall webworm appeared in mid-May in southern ARKANSAS. Infestations were lighter
than normal, especially in the northwestern area. Numbers in MISSOURI were lower
in 1968 than in 1967; some parts of the southwestern area had moderate to heavy
damage on individual trees. The first generation in KANSAS was numerous during
June and early July, but the second generation was no greater than in past years.
Fall webworm was light on most ornamentals and heaviest on cottonwoods and wild
plums in southwestern, central, and northern NEBRASKA, Defoliation in NEW MEXICO
was heavy on cottonwoods and willows at Bandelier National Monument near Los
Alamos, San Miguel County, and occurred to shade trees throughout most of the
State. Populations are still increasing in the Willamette Valley of OREGON.

Many trees were almost completely defoliated, and new adults were seen at lights
in Saiem in late May.

YELLOW WOOLLYBEAR (DiacriSia virginica) was very abundant in shelterbelts in the
northeastern and east-central parts of MONTANA. HICKORY TUSSOCK MOTH (Halisidota
caryae) larvae in TENNESSEE damaged forest and shade trees in Johnson County _
during early July. Halisidota sp. was moderately abundant with light sycamore
defoliation in PENNSYLVANIA in August. SYCAMORE TUSSOCK MOTH (Halisidota
harrisii) larvae were reported on sycamore in RHODE ISLAND on September 4.

SADDLED PROMINENT (Heterocampa guttivitta) along with GREEN-STRIPED MAPLEWORM
(Anisota rubicunda), and PINK-STRIPED OAKWORM (A. virginiensis) defoliated 1,612
acres of sugar maple, beech, and yellow birch trees in the Groton State Forest
of VERMONT late in the Season. Saddled prominent larvae in PENNSYLVANIA defoli-
ated more than half of 1,500 acres in Wayne County. Smaller, localized areas
were infested throughout the northeastern quarter of the State. Defoliation
ranged moderate to heavy on 50,000 acres. VARIABLE OAK LEAF CATERPILLAR (H.
manteo) defoliated 80-90 percent of the oaks over several square miles of
Worcester County, MARYLAND. YELLOW-NECKED CATERPILLAR (Datana ministra) was
heavier on pin oaks in northern INDIANA during August than for the past 5 years.
RED-HUMPED CATERPILLAR (Schizura concinna) in CALIFORNIA was much lighter in
1968 than in 1967,

LINDEN LOOPER (Erannis tiliaria) defoliated up to 40 percent of 100 acres of
sugar maples in Hazen’s Notch, VERMONT, in the spring. FALL CANKERWORM (Also-
phila pometaria), primarily, defoliated about 15,351 acres of red maples and elms
in the wetlands of the Champlain Valley, Vermont. It was associated with linden
looper, SPRING CANKERWORM (Paleacrita vernata), and ELM SPANWORM (Ennomos sub-
signarius), Fall cankerworm partly defoliated a wide area of northeastern
PENNSYLVANIA with less damage than in 1967. Defoliation in Lackawanna, Luzerne,
and Wyoming Counties was about half that of 1967. A GEOMETRID MOTH (Physoste-
gania pustularia) aroused much concern in Pennsylvania in late June and early
July when thousands of moths descended upon homes in the evenings. The greatest
moth numbers occurred in Schuylkill, Berks, Dauphin, Perry, Mifflin, and
Northumberland Counties. Some red maples were defoliated in Dauphin County.
Spring cankerworm in SOUTH DAKOTA defoliated elms near Pickstown, Charles Mix
County, and Spearfish, Lawrence County, in late May and early June, Some
controls were applied. Eulype hastata caused minor defoliation of white birch
in the northern Black Hills of South Dakota late in August. Adults and larvae
of fall cankerworm were found on cottonwoods at Mildred, Prairie County, MONTANA,

A TORTRICID MOTH (Croesia sp.) caused 80 percent defoliation to the pin oaks
along Merrit Parkway in Fairfield County, CONNECTICUT. C. semipurpurana contin-
ued heavy in large areas of PENNSYLVANIA, especially through the east-central
section, Larvae heavily defoliated about 0.5 million acres of oaks. Oak mortal-
ity was 20-25 percent in this area. Archips semiferanus extensively damaged oaks

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with some tree mortality in the northeastern Lower Peninsula of MICHIGAN, Sever-
ity should continue in 1969, but controls are expected only for high value trees,

DOGWOOD BORER (Thamnosphecia scitula) was common on ornamental plantings in
CONNECTICUT and was widespread and damaging to 50 percent or more of the trees
in lawn and street plantings in ALABAMA. LILAC BORER (Podosesia syringae
syringae) infested ash trees in the northern, central, and eastern counties of
MONTANA, A CLEARWING MOTH (Aegeria tibialis) heavily damaged poplar trees in
Mono County, CALIFORNIA,

The following Lepidoptera were also troublesome, MAPLE TRUMPET SKELETONIZER
(Epinotia aceriella) was unusually common on shade trees in NEW HAMPSHIRE, and
SATIN MOTH (Stilpnotia salicis) completely defoliated ornamental poplars in
several areas of the State. In VERMONT satin moth defoliation was noted in
Addison County and on individual poplars scattered throughout the State. OAK
SKELETONIZER (Bucculatrix ainsliella) was heavy in areas of New Haven County,
CONNECTICUT. Heavy numbers of BAGWORM (Thyridopteryx ephemeraeformis) infested
several tree Species, including sycamore, throughout DELAWARE. It also heavily
defoliated many sweetgums, locusts, and willows along a 6-mile roadside area in
Prince Georges County, MARYLAND, PALMERWORM (Dichomeris ligulella) was unusually
heavy in scattered but extensive locations in south-central, southeastern, east-
central, and northeastern OHIO. Primarily oaks were infested; the amount of
defoliation varied. By July 3 pupation was underway in northeastern Ohio,

Other troublesome Lepidoptera were reported in two States in the western area,
CARPENTERWORM (Prionoxystus robiniae) has become a threat to Shade trees in an
increasing number of MONTANA communities. It now occurrs in McCone, Garfield,
Fallon, Hill, Blaine, Lewis and Clark, Park, and Gallatin Counties. Larvae of
MOURNING-CLOAK BUTTERFLY (Nymphalis antiopa) in Montana infested elms heavily in
Chouteau, Yellowstone, Hill, Rosebud, Teton, and Liberty Counties. Evidence of
a LYONETIID MOTH (Paraleucoptera albella) in Montana was again prevalent in
Valley, Judith Basin, Broadwater, and Hill Counties. Damage by larvae of a
NOCTUID MOTH (Oncocnemis punctilinea) to ash in NEVADA ranged medium to heavy in
Clark and southern Nye Counties in April, and damage by BOXELDER LEAF ROLLER
(Gracillaria negundella) to boxelder was heavy in Eureka and Lander Counties and
moderate in Elko County in August and September.

ELM LEAF BEETLE (Pyrrhalta luteola) was unusually abundant and persisted late in
the year in CALIFORNIA. Migrating adults created household problems. Numbers
were heavy throughout its range in NEVADA, which was increased to include
Esmeralda County. This pest is now known from all counties except Elko and White
Pine. This leaf beetle was unusually numerous in many UTAH communities, and an
outbreak in Cache County was considered the worst ever. First adults appeared on
Chinese elms at Tucson in Pima County, ARIZONA, on March 15, and first instars
with many egg masses by April 5. Heavy numbers occurred at Page, Coconino County,
from mid-April through May in Mohave County during June, and during July and
August in Pima, Pinal, and Coconino Counties, and the Salt River Valley of
Maricopa County.

Elm leaf beetle in NEW MEXICO defoliated Siberian elms in 6 northwestern counties,
2 southwestern counties, one south-central county, and one southeastern county.
This leaf beetle seriously damaged elms throughout the northern, Rolling Plains,
and Trans—Pecos areas of TEXAS. In OKLAHOMA it damaged Siberian elms from early
April through September. Defoliation was moderate to heavy in most areas. Elm
leaf beetle continued to be the most serious shade tree pest in KANSAS. The
heaviest damage in MISSOURI occurred on Chinese elms in the metropolitan areas,
From central to northern ALABAMA this pest continued to defoliate and seriously
damage elms in lawn and street plantings. Heavy infestations occurred by

August 8 in RHODE ISLAND. Damage to elms in VERMONT was very heavy at Essex
Junction, Chittenden County, and moderate at Springfield and Woodstock, Windsor
County.

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The following chrysomelid beetles were also troublesome, ALDER FLEA BEETLE
(Altica ambiens) severely defoliated alder in coastal areas of Lane and Lincoln
Counties and at various locations along the crest of the Cascades in OREGON,
COTTONWOOD LEAF BEETLES (Chrysomela scripta complex) were heavy on cottonwood in
Inyo County, CALIFORNIA, and were reported from scattered areas over MONTANA,

ELM CALLIGRAPHA (Calligrapha scalaris) was occasionally a pest in OKLAHOMA and
caused less damage in KANSAS in 1968 than in 1967, LOCUST LEAF MINER (Xenochale-
pus dorsalis) heavily damaged black locust trees throughout MARYLAND as it has
done in the last 3 years. IMPORTED WILLOW LEAF BEETLE (Plagiodera versicolora)
was conspicuous throughout the Eastern Shore and southern sections of Maryland.
This beetle was common on willow in CONNECTICUT. Adults were on willow by May 16
and on elm by June 13 in RHODE ISLAND. Many infested willow by September 11.
Imported willow leaf beetle heavily damaged willows throughout NEW HAMPSHIRE,

SMALLER EUROPEAN ELM BARK BEETLE (Scolytus multistriatus) was very abundant in
dead and dying American elms in Canyon and Ada Counties in IDAHO during August.
This beetle became active in OKLAHOMA in mid-April. Emergence of first-
generation adults was well underway April 29 in Lancaster County, NEBRASKA. The
second brood appeared about mid-August. Smaller European elm bark beetle was
not found in any new counties of MINNESOTA in 1968. Populations were about the
same as in 1967, but the number of Dutch elm disease cases increased sharply.

POPLAR-AND-WILLOW BORER (Cryptorhynchus lapathi) damaged and killed willows in
MONTANA in areas along the Little Blackfoot River; the Clark Fork near Deer
Lodge, Powell County; Sourdough Creek near Bozeman, Gallatin County; and in
several areas near Kalispell, Flathead County. ASIATIC OAK WEEVIL (Cyrtepistomus
castaneus) was reported as a new State record for ARKANSAS and in 8 new counties
in MISSOURI in 1968. In Missouri this weevil has spread to the better hardwood-
growing regions; damage waS heavy in some areas. Overwintered adults of a
LEAF-MINING WEEVIL (Odontopus calceatus) in south-central OHIO were feeding on
the budding leaves of yellow-poplar in early May; eggs and larvae were also
present. During May adults and larvae moderately defoliated yellow-poplar and
sassafras in the southern area. Numbers were not so damaging in general in

1968 as during 1966 and 1967.

LOCUST BORER (Megacyllene robiniae) damage in UTAH was severe in Salt Lake and
Davis Counties. Poplars and willows were damaged in scattered localities, but
several thousand boxelder trees were defoliated in the northern area with espe-
cially severe damage in the lower areas of Wellsville, Logan, Blacksmith Fork,
High Creek, and other canyons in the Cache Valley. Normal numbers of TWIG
GIRDLER (Oncideres cingulata) were active in November in ARKANSAS. Locust borer
lightly infested black Locust by July 23 in RHODE ISLAND. Dead leaves and
"flagging" oak twigs throughout Rhode Island by August 21 indicated high numbers
of TWIG PRUNER (Elaphidionoides villosus).

BRONZE BIRCH BORER (Agrilus anxius) caused considerable damage to ornamental
birch in Pendleton, Umatilla County, OREGON. The infestation has been present
for several years. Some trees are now responding to cultural and chemical
controls,

GIANT BARK APHID (Longistigma caryae) was reported in RHODE ISLAND on elm by
August 23 and was numerous On Willow by September 11. Occurrences in ARKANSAS
were heavier and more widespread than in 1967. Early in January, oak was infested.
During April and May, honeydew became a problem on cars in many areas, Giant
bark aphid was heavy on oak, hickory, and sycamore trees in scattered areas of
OKLAHOMA during April, May, and November, Giant bark aphid was heavy on a few
sycamore trees during May at Sedona, Coconino County, ARIZONA,

The following aphids were also troublesome. PAINTED MAPLE APHID (Drepanaphis
acerifoliae) appeared in ARKANSAS as early as mid-August, became heavy by
October, and remained until frost. ELM LEAF APHID (Myzocallis ulmifolii) was an
occasional pest in OKLAHOMA. This aphid and WOOLLY ELM APHID riosoma ameri-
canum) in UTAH ranged from normal to very numerous, In Utah, painted maple aphid

- 231 -

was light on silver maple, Pemphigus spp. galls were conspicuous on cottonwood
leaves and petioles, and Lachnus salignus was below normal. In NEVADA,
Chaitophorus sp. and Pterocomma bicolor developed medium to heavy infestations
on poplar in Clark County in March and April, and Prociphilus fraxinifolii was
heavy on ash trees in the west-central area in April and May. Woolly elm aphid,
painted maple aphid, Lachnus salignus, and POPLAR PETIOLE GALL APHID (Pemphigus
populitransversus) were some of the predominant aphids in CALIFORNIA. Poplar
petiole gall aphid was also the predominant poplar gall maker in MONTANA. In-
fested trees were found in areas of Stanford, Judith Basin, Sheridan, Liberty,
Madison, Teton, Cascade, Phillips, and Blaine Counties.

COTTONY MAPLE SCALE (Pulvinaria innumerabilis) was not a serious problem in
MONTANA, This soft scale caused some concern on shade trees in Johnson County,
TENNESSEE, in late July and was unusually heavy on maples in sections of Anne
Arundel and Baltimore Counties, MARYLAND. CALICO SCALE (Lecanium cerasorum)
found in DELAWARE in 1964, is becoming a serious pest on several ornamentals and
shade trees, such as dogwood, maple, and sweetgum.

EUROPEAN ELM SCALE (Gossyparia sSpuria) did not occur so often as previously in
CALIFORNIA, but normal numbers infested trees in UTAH, and-in NEBRASKA populations
remained high in central, southern, southwestern, northern, and northwestern
areas. BEECH SCALE (Cryptococcus fagi) and a fungus Nectria coccinea var.
faginata were the main factors behind beech mortality on about 2 million acres in
VERMONT. A recent survey indicates a loss of 7,655,523 board feet. C. williamsi,
recently discovered in Vermont, is lightly distributed throughout the range of
sugar maple in the State.

TEA SCALE (Fiorinia theae) was heavy on large hemlocks in the Greenwich area of
Fairfield County, CONNECTICUT. Several heavy infestations of OBSCURE SCALE
(Melanaspis obscura) were noted on oaks in New Castle County, DELAWARE. OYSTER-
SHELL SCALE (Lepidosaphes ulmi) was heavy on elms in SOUTH DAKOTA at Rapid City,
Pennington County, and Spearfish, Lawrence County, and damage was heavy on lilac,
cotoneaster, and willow trees in all areas of WYOMING, Oystershell scale numbers
in UTAH were normal and commonly damaged willows and other susceptible shrubs,

CICADAS (Magicicada spp.) of Brood VIII in OHIO emerged from the ground in late
May and were Stil! emerging by the third week of June, In early July aduits were
still present in the emergence area in Columbiana, Trumbull, Mahoning, Jefferson,
Portage, and Carroll Counties. In the second week of June oviposition damage
began in the east-central area; by the end of June wilting or "flagging" and

twig breakage were obvious, Although birds destroyed large numbers of many
isolated populations, some areas continued to support active populations through-
out June; Brood VIII, however, did not cause a significant amount of damage in
eastern Ohio. Brood VIII of PERIODICAL CICADA (M. septendecim) appeared on
schedule in PENNSYLVANIA in 12 western counties. Although numbers were moder-
ately abundant, injury to forest trees was not serious. The earliest emergence
occurred on May 14 in Westmoreland County with the latest on June 9 in Venango
County.

A PLANT BUG (Orthotylus chlorionis) damaged honeylocusts for the past two years
in MICHIGAN and is expected to continue to be of major concern in town, park,
and home plantings. ASH PLANT BUG (Neoborus amoenus) was common on ash in UTAH
and heavy on trees in Jefferson and Gallatin Counties, MONTANA. A COREID BUG
(Leptocoris rubrolineatus) was very abundant on maple in Hood River and Jackson
Counties, OREGON, and waS very heavy and a considerable nuisance in CALIFORNIA.
A LACE BUG (Leptoypha barberi) infested ash trees in San Diego and Fresno
Counties), (Calsttornras, mann

BIRCH LEAF MINER (Fenusa pusilla) damage to shade trees appears less than usual
in NEW HAMPSHIRE, but ornamental birch continues to be heavily infested state-
wide. Birch leaf miner adults were flying by May 6 in RHODE ISLAND and caused
much less damage to birch than in past years. ELM LEAF MINER (F. ulmi) larvae

- 232 -

mined leaves by June 13 in Rhode Island, Birch leaf miner waS common in
CONNECTICUT while MOUNTAIN-ASH SAWFLY (Pristiphora geniculata) showed an increase
in New Haven County. The birch leaf miner infestation was general by June 6 in
the southern two-thirds of WISCONSIN. Adults began emerging in Dane County by
June 28. Damage was heavier than normal statewide with the most Severe damage
occurring in the southeastern quarter of the State.

AN ERIOPHYIID MITE (Aceria fraxinivorus) in ARIZONA killed several small modesto
ash trees and severely damaged Several others in an area of northern Tucson,
Pima County. It was collected by G. Wene and J. May on May 17, 1968, and deter-
mined by H.H. Keifer. A heavy:‘infestation was found on aSh on July 24 in RHODE
ISLAND ,

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2 VOL.19 No. 14 April 4, 1969
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ECONOMIC INSECT

REPORT

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Issued by

PLANT PEST CONTROL DIVISION
AGRICULTURAL RESEARCH SERVICE

UNITED STATES DEPARTMENT OF AGRICULTURE

AGRICULTURAL RESEARCH SERVICE

PLANT PEST CONTROL DIVISION

SURVEY AND DETECTION OPERATIONS

The Cooperative Economic Insect Report is issued
weekly as a service to American Agriculture. its contents
are compiled from information supplied by cooperating State,
Federal, and industrial entomologists and other agricultural
workers. In releasing this material the Division serves as
a clearing house and does not assume responsibility for ac-
curacy of the material.

All reports and inquiries pertaining to this release,
including the mailing list, should be sent to:

Survey and Detection Operations
Plant Pest Control Division
Agricultural Research Service
United States Department of Agriculture
Federal Center Building
Hyattsville, Maryland 20782

Volume 19 April 4, 1969 Number 14
COOPERATIVE ECONOMIC INSECT REPORT
HIGHLIGHTS

Current Conditions
CORN LEAF APHID appearing on barley in Imperial County, California. (p. 235).

GREENBUG increasing in Rolling Plains of Texas. Appearing on barley in Imperial
County, California. (p. 235).

EUROPEAN CORN BORER overwintering larval surveys indicate high winter survial in
Maryland, Illinois, and Colorado. (p. 235).

NANTUCKET PINE TIP MOTH surveys in northern Alabama indicate numerous pupae in
pines. Damaged 2-year-old pines in Haywood County, Tennessee. (p. 238).

COMMON CATTLE GRUB adults active and annoying cattle in Payne County, Oklahoma.
(p. 239).

Detection

A SPHECID WASP reported for first time in Hawaii. This is a new Western
Hemisphere record but the species is not known to occur in the continental
United States. (p. 241).

Other State records include TEPHRITID FLIES from Wisconsin and Oregon, a WHITEFLY
in Texas, and LESSER MEALWORM from Wisconsin (p. 242); and an EPIDERMOPTID MITE
from Connecticut (p. 253).

Some First Occurrences of Season

A LEAFHOPPER in Washington, GREAT BASIN TENT CATERPILLAR in Arizona, SPRING
CANKERWORM in Minnesota, WESTERN SUBTERRANEAN TERMITE in Oregon, COMMON CATTLE
GRUB in Oklahoma, HORN FLY in Oklahoma, PINK BOLLWORM in California.

Forecast

CITRUS RUST MITE infestations on mature fruit expected to increase in Florida.
APHIDS expected to increase through mid-April in same area. De 23r

Special Reports
Summary of Insect Conditions in the United States - 1968.

Man and Animals (pp. 243-252).
Households and Structures (pp. 252-254).
Stored Products (pp. 254-255).
Beneficial Insects (pp. 255-258).
Weather of Year (pp. 259-261).

List of Contributors (pp. 261-262).

Distribution of Face Fly (map). (p. 245).

Reports in this issue are for the week ending March 28 unless otherwise indicated.

= 233 -

- 234 -

CONTENTS
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Insects Affecting

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SmadMiGnrad nsec ssoteheieleie ereysieeiererelersiale| ZOO OrnamMenCaillSiereicreics cielele ois slelelerse ZOO.
Turf, Pastures, Rangeland.........+23060 Forest and Shade TreeS....c..ee+e230
Forage LegumeS....ccccsccsccssccesers0 Man and!) Animals’. .\<.<:<i0je,c\ 0-0 eleielelerers Zoo
General VegetableS...ccesercsseccce e230 Households and StructureS......e239
Deciduous Fruits and NutS......+.«e237

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Federal and State Plant Protection Programs «<< c.c.0 20 olccelels « ere. 0 ecole sieve tele cieloneioiereilaeO
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PNSEGIE. DE ESCO s ccs s/o0 1c) clove cle sleie ciel elereiele/eielejeiele relics sielichelerelellcveles one elenereleveieherenelehonelonenehe Mencia
Distributions Of BaAGe vEMy isk cic (oi cle feiste io ols. clereielesitsiovel ofsie:ekeloxe%ercrove oletoloie elie tilovexctetohedchetatetetetere AD)
Summary of Insect Conditions in the United States - 1968
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SEOREASPrOAUCUS Ls. wie! sieie) chee lens’) sisi cielo eieisierslelelene eialleveleielotel ciel sieyelelieheroleleve ici lelokel NohonheneRent SOs
Beneficial INSCCiUS ss ciclcso'e\cle ic elere ce eliejeierele eel eiise sole sleveteletel sel ele eielelelsielefelejeiclelelelelehenenenta)
Weather of The Year's c:'siis) 0:).0;s, 01.00 00:61) 6) 1.0610) cis) ee sje! a/oljeisierel «elie eyetie\lei/elel e lelieie, olen ele ret el elereleneneteaiOe,
List Of sContrdDuCOVSis)« cic cre-s)cless) hells’ ellehejsve) sielenerelevele/elelesenelel cl.cleleuenololevel slichevelkensvenonekenetenenener Or

WEATHER BUREAU'S 30-DAY OUTLOOK
APRIL 1969

The Weather Bureau's 30-day outlook for April is for temperatures to average above
seasonal normals over the western third of the Nation. Below normal temperatues
are expected over most of the eastern half of the country, with greatest departures
over the northern Mississippi Valley. Near normal temperatures are in prospect
over the mid-Atlantic States and in a narrow band over the western Plains.
Precipitation is expected to exceed normal over most of the South, the Tennessee
Valley, and the Ohio Valley. Subnormal precipitation is indicated over the Great
Basin and Southwest, as well as the northern Plains and northern Mississippi
Valley. Near normal totals are in prospect along the Pacific northwest coast and
the eastern slopes of the northern Rockies, from the southern Plains to the Great
Lakes, and along the Atlantic Coast.

Weather forecast given here is based on the official 30-day "Resume and Outlook"
published twice a month by the Weather Bureau. You can subscribe through the
Superintendent of Documents, Washington, D.C. 20250. Price $5.00 a year.

WEATHER OF THE WEEK ENDING MARCH 31

HIGHLIGHTS: Pleasant sunny weather continued over the West with a rising temper-
ature trend. In the East, the skies were cloudy, the weather was disagreeably
cold, wet, and windy.

PRECIPITATION: Clear, Sunny weather prevailed over the West during the week.
Light rains fell along the northern Pacific coast as far south as Eureka,
California, over the weekend. A storm centered over the Missouri Ozarks early
Monday morning moved northeastward arriving at northern Maine by Wednesday.

Heavy snow fell in the central and southern Rocky Mountains. An inch or two of
snow fell from the northern Great Plains to the Great Lakes with locally heavy
rain from the Ozark Mountains across the Ohio River Valley to Maryland and south-
Weather of the week continued on page 242,

= 235 -

SPECIAL INSECTS OF REGIONAL SIGNIFICANCE

ARMY CUTWORM (Chorizagrotis auxiliaris) - NEBRASKA - Averaged less than 1 per
linear foot in 40 grain fields in Hayes, Hitchcock, Chase, Dundy, and Red

Willow Counties. Light, averaged about 0.5 larva per alfalfa crown, in about 25
fields in Hayes, Hitchcock, Chase, Dundy, and Red Willow Counties. (Andersen) ,
Three of 16 alfalfa fields in Dawson County had 1-8 per 10 square feet.
(Manglitz). COLORADO - Larvae on wheat in Weld and Morgan Counties. Up to 1
per linear foot of drill row in Milliken area, O-2 in Hudson and Prospect Valley
areas. Feeding light to date. (Johnson). OKLAHOMA - Ranged 2-5 per 10 linear
feet in wheat and alfalfa in Greer County. Light to moderate in alfalfa in
Beckham County. (Okla. Coop. Sur.),

BEET LEAFHOPPER (Circulifer tenellus) - UTAH - Active on Cheirinia repanda and
Erodium cicutarium west of Snowville, Box Elder County. (Knowlton, Mar. 22).

CORN LEAF APHID (Rhopalosiphum maidis) - CALIFORNIA - Appearing on barley in El
Centro and Holtville, Imperial County. (Cal. Coop. Rpt.). TEXAS - Light on
barley in Brewster County. (Neeb).

GREENBUG (Schizaphis graminum) - MISSISSIPPI - Light, about 20-30 per 100 sweeps,
in 30-acres of winter wheat in Attala County. (Dinkins, Mar. 21). ARKANSAS -
Survey negative in northwest area. (Boyer). TEXAS - Survey made in 15 panhandle
counties and number per row foot as follows: Carson 500; Gray 500; Roberts 50;
Ochiltree 10; Lipscomb 10; Hemphill 100; Hutchinson 20; Hansford 20; Armstrong
1,200; Donley 3,500; Childress 300; Collingsworth 300; Wheeler 200; Hale 400;

and Floyd 3,000. (Daniels, Mar. 20-26). Increased activity observed in Baylor,
Childress, Foard, Knox, Motley, and Wilbarger Counties; populations heavy in each
county. Light to moderate damage in Wichita County. Still problem in counties
near Lubbock. Spraying in several areas of Rolling Plains. (Boring). OKLAHOMA -
Counts per linear foot as follows: Tillman and Cotton Counties, 100-200 in some
fields; Jackson and Harmon Counties, 20-100; Greer and Blaine Counties, moderate;
Custer and Washita Counties, 10-20; Cleveland County, light. (Okla. Coop. Sur.).
NEBRASKA - None observed in 40 fields in Hayes, Hitchcock, Chase, Dundy, and Red
Willow Counties. (Andersen). NEW MEXICO - Light to 100+ per linear foot in
barley at Roswell, Chaves County. (Mathews). Very light in small grains near
Lovington, Lea County. (Nielsen). ARIZONA - Very light on barley, oats, and
wheat in Yuma, Yuma County. (Ariz. Coop. Sur.). CALIFORNIA - Appearing on
barley in El Centro and Holtville, Imperial County. (Cal. Coop. Rpt.).

SPOTTED ALFALFA APHID (Therioaphis maculata) - ARKANSAS - Survey negative in north-
west area. (Boyer). NEW MEXICO - Up to 40 per 50 sweeps in alfalfa in Mesilla
Valley, Dona Ana County. (Elson).

CORN, SORGHUM, SUGARCANE

EUROPEAN CORN BORER (Ostrinia nubilalis) - MARYLAND - Overwintering populations
heavy in Wicomico and Dorchester Counties. Ranged 1-8 per plant in stubble.

(U. Md., Ent. Dept.). ILLINOIS - Survey in 9 counties indicates winter survival
of 77 percent. (Ill. Ins. Rpt.). COLORADO - Live larvae in cornstalks checked in
Prospect Valley area, Weld County. (Johnson).

SMALL GRAINS

PALE WESTERN CUTWORM (Agrotis orthogonia) - NEBRASKA - Hatching in Dundy and
Chase Counties. Trace damage appearing. (Andersen).

A LEAFHOPPER (Keonolla confluens) - WASHINGTON - First observed in flight at
Yakima, Yakima County, March 15. (Landis).

=" 230)—

ENGLISH GRAIN APHID (Macrosiphum avenae) - ARKANSAS - Ranged 40-50 per 100 sweeps
in wheat and oats in northwest areas; no increase. (Boyer).

WINTER GRAIN MITE (Penthaleus major) - TEXAS - Heavy in small grains in Foard
County. (Boring).

BROWN WHEAT MITE (Petrobia latens) - NEW MEXICO - Infested 2 of 8 small-grain
fields checked at Lovington, Lea County; damage minor to foliage. (Nielsen).

TURF, PASTURES, RANGELAND

CHINCH BUG (Blissus leucopterus) - KANSAS - Bunch grass samples for spring

survey collected late February from a total of 55 counties in central and eastern
districts. Total of 173 samples collected. Average number per square foot by
district as follows: Northeast 0, east-central 11, southeast 63, north-central
29, central 77, and south-central 62, (Wilde, Martinez, Redding, Simpson). This
replaces note in CEIR 19(13):212. (PPC).

LYGUS BUGS (Lygus spp.) - WASHINGTON - Larger numbers moving from hibernation at
Yakima, Yakima County. (Landis, Mar. 21). UTAH - L. elisus active on rangeland
at Snowville, Box Elder County March 21. (Knowlton).

FORAGE LEGUMES

ALFALFA WEEVIL (Hypera postica) - INDIANA - Larval samples on new growth alfalfa
in southeastern area negative. (Huber, Mar. 22). ILLINOIS - First and second
instars averaged 33 per square foot in 3 to 4-inch alfalfa in southeastern
section. (Ill. Ins. Rpt.). TENNESSEE - Hatch began week of March 21 in

Blount and Knox Counties. (Mullett). MISSISSIPPI - Averaged 20 larvae per
square foot in 3 acres of Oktibbeha County alfalfa. (Dinkins, Mar. 21). Larvae
per 200 stems by county: Pontotoc 39, Oktibbeha 19, Marshall 16. Adults per 10
square feet by county: Pontotoc 3, Oktibbeha 3, Marshall 2. (Pitre). ARKANSAS -
Survey negative in northwest area. (Boyer). NEVADA - Adults active, mating, and
laying eggs in Reno and Sparks area, Washoe County. (Bechtel).

EGYPTIAN ALFALFA WEEVIL (Hypera brunneipennis) - ARIZONA - Larval averages per
100 sweeps of alfalfa: 150 at Yuma, Yuma County, 500 in Salt River Valley,
Maricopa County. Controls applied to some fields. (Ariz. Coop. Sur.).

CLOVER LEAF WEEVIL (Hypera punctata) - ILLINOIS - Larval counts 22 per square
foot in alfalfa in southeastern area. (I1l. Ins. Rpt.).

PEA APHID (Acyrthosiphon pisum) - ARIZONA - Heavy decline in Salt River Valley
of Maricopa County; averaged 100 per 100 sweeps. (Ariz. Coop. Sur.). NEW
MEXICO - Light, 3-50 per 50 sweeps, in alfalfa in Mesilla Valley, Dona Ana
County. (Elson). ILLINOIS - Averaged 4 per square foot in southeastern area.
(all =Ins? Rpt).

LYGUS BUGS (Lygus spp.) - NEW MEXICO - Large numbers, 14 per 10 sweeps, in weeds
near one alfalfa field. Very few in alfalfa in Mesilla Valley, Dona Ana County.
(Elson). ARIZONA - Counts per 100 sweeps: 10 adults in Salt River Valley,
Maricopa County; 40 nymphs at Yuma, Yuma County. (Ariz. Coop. Sur.).

GENERAL VEGETABLES

ONION MAGGOT (Hylemya antiqua) - TEXAS - Damaging onions and peas in Kemp,
Henderson Ccunty. inch).

SALT-MARSH CATERPILLAR (Estigmene acrea) - FLORIDA - Full-grown larvae abundant in
old fields of tomatoes and beans overgrown with weeds at Homestead, Dade County.
(Habeck et al.).

M2 Ohi

DECIDUOUS FRUITS AND NUTS

PEACH TWIG BORER (Anarsia lineatella) - WASHINGTON - Observations March 11
indicate only 2 percent alive in hibernation at Wenatchee, Chelan County; 70+
percent survival expected. (Anthon, Smith).

PEAR PSYLLA (Psylla pyricola) - WASHINGTON - Dormant sprays begun March 24 in
north-central area; adults laying eggs. Up to 8 adults per tray. Reduction in
treated orchards ranged 70-90 percent in lower Yakima Valley. First scattered
eggs found in upper Yakima Valley. (Burts, Johnson).

GREEN PEACH APHID (Myzus persicae) - WASHINGTON - First nymphs noted March 17 in
orchard in upper Yakima Valley; On March 19,72 percent of eggs viable, 28 percent
collapsed, and 10 percent hatched at Yakima, Yakima County. Lack of pruning in
freeze-damaged orchards resulted in unusually large numbers of eggs in lower
Yakima Valley. (Johnson, Powell).

APPLE APHID (Aphis pomi) - WASHINGTON - First eggs hatched March 18 at Parker
Heights, Yakima County. (Johnson).

PEACH SILVER MITE (Aculus cornutus) - WASHINGTON - Mortality 99 percent in Rock
Island area, Chelan County, March 25. (Anthon, Smith).

TWO-SPOTTED SPIDER MITE (Tetranychus urticae) - OREGON - Overwintering forms on
buds of pear trees in Jackson County. (Berry).

CITRUS

Citrus Insect Situation in-Florida - Mid-March - CITRUS RUST MITE (Phyllocoptruta
Oleivora) infested 72 (norm 61) percent of groves; 52 (norm 40) percent economic.
Above normal and in high range. Infestations on leaves and fruit similar, while
increase expected on mature fruit and decrease on mature leaves. Spring leaves
likely to harbor important infestations after mid-April. Highest districts south,
west, and north. TEXAS CITRUS MITE (Eutetranychus banksi) infested 33 (norm 31)
percent of groves; 15 (norm 14) percent economic. Near normal in low range.
Increase started, expected to continue. Predicted moderate to heavy for 20-25
percent of groves. Highest districts central and north. CITRUS RED MITE
(Panonychus citri) infested 34 (norm 39) percent of groves; 10 (norm 12) percent
economic. Slightly below average for this date,in low range. Gradual increase
expected, about 15 percent of groves likely to develop moderate to heavy infesta-
tions. Highest districts east, west, and south. SIX-SPOTTED MITE (Eotetranychus
sexmaculatus) present in 7 percent of groves as light infestations. Slight
increase expected. GLOVER SCALE (Lepidosaphes gloverii) infested 69 (norm 80)
percent of groves; 5 (norm 16) percent economic. PURPLE SCALE (L. beckii) infested
67 (norm 78) percent of groves; 5 (norm 9) percent economic. YELLOW SCALE
(Aonidiella citrina) infested 78 (norm 62) percent of groves; 3 (norm 12) percent
economic. BLACK SCALE (Saissetia oleae) infested 21 (norm 30) percent of groves;
6 (norm 13) percent economic. CHAFF SCALE (Parlatoria oleae) infested 34 (norm
61) percent of groves; 1 (norm 9) percent economic. An ARMORED SCALE (Unaspis
citri) infested 18 percent of groves; 8 percent moderate to heavy. All above
scales at low or moderate levels in all districts. Activity below average for this
date, little change expected before mid-April. All populations below normal March
levels except U. citri. WHITEFLIES increased, still at low to moderate levels; of
little concern. MEALYBUGS below normal and very low. APHIDS present in 10 per-
cent of groves, near average for this date; strong increase expected to occur
through mid-April. (W.A. Simanton (Citrus Expt. Sta., Lake Alfred)),.

CALIFORNIA RED SCALE (Aonidiella aurantii) - ARIZONA - Two additional infestations
reported from Yuma, Yuma County. All infestations treated March 18. (Ariz. Coop.
Sur). :

CITRUS RED MITE (Panonychus citri) - ARIZONA - Heavy in one lemon grove at Yuma;
eggs and adults average about 80 per leaf. (Ariz. Coop. Sur.).

= 238) =

ORNAMENTALS

BLACK THREAD SCALE (Ischnaspis longirostris) - FLORIDA - Adults on 4 of 15
Gardenia jasminoides plants at Perrine, Dade County, March 4. (Dillon, Simpson).
This is a new Florida Department of Plant Industry host record. (Fla. Coop.
Surew i.

CAMPHOR SCALE (Pseudaonidia duplex) - FLORIDA - Collected on myrtle, Myrica rubra,
at Gainesville, Alachua County, February 10 by G.W. Dekle. This is a new
Florida Department of Plant Industry host record. (Fla. Coop. Sur.).

AN ARMORED SCALE (Diaspis boisduvalii) - TENNESSEE - Moderate to heavy on orchids
in 3 greenhouses in Hamilton County. (Bogard). FLORIDA - Collected on Zamia
floridana at Gainesville, Alachua County, February 26 by G.W. Dekle. This is a
new Florida Department of Plant Industry host record. (Fla. Coop. Sur.).

BAGWORM (Thyridopteryx ephemeraeformis) - ALABAMA - Survival of overwintered eggs
high on cedars and other Shrubs from Shelby County north to State line. (McQueen).

A SLUG (Veronicella moreleti) - TEXAS - Collected in nursery in Hidalgo County by
J.I. Locklar, March 29, 1968; and in nursery in Willacy County by R. Kloepping,
April 11, 1968. Determinations by W.J. Byas. (PPC).

FOREST AND SHADE TREES

NANTUCKET PINE TIP MOTH (Rhyacionia frustrana) - ALABAMA - Numerous pupae over-
wintered in tips of isolated 2 to 8-year-old pine trees in street and highway
plantings in Madison, Morgan, and other northern counties. (McQueen).
TENNESSEE - Damage heavy in 2-year-old pine stand in Haywood County. (White).
VIRGINIA - Infestation ranged 90-100 percent in loblolly and Scotch pine
Christmas tree plantation in King William County. All observed buds contained
pupae. (Weidhass, Andrews).

SOUTHERN PINE BEETLE (Dendroctonus frontalis) - TENNESSEE - Aerial survey located
several isolated small spots in Roane, Anderson, Campbell, and Union Counties.
New faders not present, only old kills. (Applegate).

BLACK PINE-LEAF SCALE (Nuculaspis pini) - CALIFORNIA - Medium on pine nursery
stock in Saratoga, Santa Clara County. (Cal Coope Rpt.)

PINE NEEDLE SCALE (Phenacaspis pinifoliae) - VIRGINIA - Very light on few trees in
Scotch pine Christmas tree plantation in Buckingham County; trees 2 to 3 feet
high. (Weidhass, Baldwin).

SPRUCE SPIDER MITE (Oligonychus ununguis) - ARIZONA - Heavy on Italian cypress at
Tucson, Pima County. Many trees turning brown. (Ariz. Coop. Sur.).

GREAT BASIN TENT CATERPILLAR (Malacosoma fragile) - ARIZONA - Heavy in cottonwood
trees at Tucson, Pima County. (Ariz. Coop. Sur.).

SPRING CANKERWORM (Paleacrita vernata) - MINNESOTA - First female moths of season
reported from St. Paul, Ramsey County. (Minn. Ins. Rpt.).

OBSCURE SCALE (Melanaspis obscura) - MARYLAND - Heavy on oak planting in Silver
Spring, Montgomery County. Causing dieback on many red and scarlet oaks in
wooded areas in Greenbelt, Prince Georges County. (U. Md., Ent. -Dept.).

= 230 —

MAN AND ANIMALS

COMMON CATTLE GRUB (Hypoderma lineatum) - WYOMING - Averaged 6 per head in un-
treated animals at Laramie, Albany County, and 9 per head at Torrington, Goshen
County, March 10-11. Emergence of larvae peaked about March 15 at Laramie.
(Lloyd, Parshall). OKLAHOMA - Averaged 0.1 per head in steers in Payne County and
light in Mayes County. Adults active and annoying cattle in Payne County. First
report of year. (Okla. Coop. Sur.).

HORN FLY (Haematobia irritans) - OKLAHOMA - Light, less than 10 per head, on steers
in Payne County. First report of year. (Okla. Coop. Sur.).

FACE FLY (Musca autumnalis) - TENNESSEE - Annoying in home in Jefferson County.
(Mullett).

CATTLE LICE - MISSISSIPPI - Light to moderate on 50 head of beef cattle in
Oktibbeha County. (Dinkins, Mar. 21).

HORSE BITING LOUSE (Bovicola equi) - MISSISSIPPI - Heavy on several horses in
Oktibbeha County. Treatment required. (Combs).

HOUSEHOLDS AND STRUCTURES

WESTERN SUBTERRANEAN TERMITE (Reticulitermes hesperus) - OREGON - Alate forms
in flight in Jackson County. (Berry). WASHINGTON - First reports of winged
forms, probably this species, in houses in Wenatchee, Chelan County, March 17.
(Rushmore) .

CLOVER MITE (Bryobia praetiosa) - NEVADA - Heavy migrations into homes in southern
Washoe County. (Nev. Coop. Rpt.). UTAH - Entering homes in Salt Lake City and
Murray area of Salt Lake County. (Knowlton, Mar. 22). TENNESSEE - Heavy in small
office building in Knox County. Controls applied. (Applegate). DELAWARE -

Many infestations in homes in several areas. (Boys).

BENEFICIAL INSECTS

LADY BEETLES - WASHINGTON - First flights of season as follows: Hippodamia
convergens (convergent lady beetle) March 11 and H. apicalis March 16 at Kiona,
Benton County; Coccinella novemnotata March 16 at Burbank, Walla Walla County.
(Landis). OREGON - Adults of Adalia bipunctata (two-spotted lady beetle) very
abundant and feeding heavily upon aphids on ornamental maple in Portland,
Multnomah County; mating. Moderate numbers of convergent lady beetle adults
flying in hills near Falls City, Polk County. (Westcott). ARIZONA - Convergent
lady beetle larvae averaged 30 per 100 sweeps of alfalfa at Yuma, Yuma County.
(Ariz. Coop. Sur.). NEW MEXICO - Lady beetles increasing in alfalfa near Roswell,
Chaves County; ranged 3-8 per square foot, 50 percent larvae. (Mathews).
Averaged 1 per 50 sweeps in alfalfa in Mesilla Valley, Dona Ana County. (Elson).
ARKANSAS - First convergent lady beetle adults of season March 28. Ranged 20-30
per 100 sweeps in wheat and oats in northwest area. (Boyer). 2

HONEY BEE (Apis mellifera) - ARIZONA - Late spring caused heavy loss of over-
wintering colonies. Negligible amount of pollen available. Lack of brood
depleted many colonies in Yuma and Maricopa Counties. Major Shortage expected for
citrus pollination. Many colonies destroyed in Salt River Valley because of heavy
foulbrood outbreak. (Ariz. Coop. Sur.).

FLOWER BUGS (Orius spp.) - ARIZONA - Averaged 40 adults per 100 sweeps of alfalfa
at Yuma, Yuma County. (Ariz. Coop. Sur.).

GREEN LACEWINGS (Chrysopa spp.) - ARIZONA - Averaged 30 larvae per 100 sweeps of
alfalfa at Yuma, Yuma County. (Ariz. Coop. Sur.).

- 240 -

A PHYTOSEIID MITE (Zetzellia mali) - WASHINGTON - Examination of duff in prune
acne othy in lower Yakima Valley indicates poor winter survival. (Anthon, Smith,
Mar. 21).

FEDERAL AND STATE PLANT PROTECTION PROGRAMS

IMPORTED FIRE ANT (Solenopsis saevissima richteri) - TENNESSEE - Survey completed

in Pickwick Dam and Counce area in Hardin County. Boats used to survey shoreline

from Mississippi State line to Pickwick Dam. Survey negative. (Turpin). Surveys
in Bradley, De Kalb, Giles, Hamilton, Lincoln, Maury, and Rhea Counties negative.

(Harris et al.).

PINK BOLLWORM (Pectinophora gossypiella) - CALIFORNIA - First nonsterile moth of

1969 season taken in sex lure trap at Anza Ranch, Borrego Springs, March 7. This
is 19 days earlier than in 1968 when first record of season in Thermal, Riverside
County. (Cal. Coop. Rpt.).

A SEED CHALCID (Megastigmus pistaciae) - CALIFORNIA - Studies reinitiated at
Chico. Caged nuts, checked daily, Showed no adult emergence to March 28. Of
nuts on ground 90 percent moldy and rotted; may not support seed chalcid.

Thirty stickyboard traps placed in two pistachio orchards outside Plant Introduc-
tion Station in Butte County. (Cal. Coop. Rpt.).

WHITE GARDEN SNAIL (Theba pisana) - CALIFORNIA - Herbicides applied to vegetation
in vacant lots within infested area of Manhattan Beach, Los Angeles County, to
eliminate food supply and increase bait acceptance; 5 properties treated. Inspec-
tion showed treatment successful. Second baiting completed. (Cal. Coop. Rpt.).

WOOLLY WHITEFLY (Aleurothrixus floccosus) - CALIFORNIA - Survey completed on 40
city blocks in San Diego, San Diego County; 29 infested. Confirmed infested

blocks now 600. Survey centered in area between or adjacent to older infestations.
Treated 296 trees on 116 properties. One live infestation recorded during check of
28 sprayed properties; mortality 96 percent in this infestation. (Cal. Coop. Rpt.).

LIGHT TRAP COLLECTIONS

FLORIDA - Gainsville - 3/22-27, BL - Armyworm (Pseudaletia unipuncta) 1, black
cutworm (Agrotis ipsilon) 5, granulate cutworm (Feltia subterranea) 14, salt-

marsh caterpillar (EStigmene acrea) 2. TEXAS - Brownsville — 3/8-21, 2BL,
42-82°F, precip. .08 — Armyworm 25, black cutworm 56, cabbage looper (Trichoplusia

ni) 1, corn earworm (Heliothis zea) 75, granulate cutworm 4, pale-sided cutworm.:
(A. malefida) 107, tobacco hornworm (Manduca sexta) 3, tomato hornworm (Manduca
quinquemaculata) 1, variegated cutworm (Peridroma saucia) 7, yellow-striped army-
worm (Prodenia ornithogalli) 1. TEXAS - Waco - 3/17-27, BL - Armyworm 9, granu-
late cutworm 3, variegated cutworm 14.

CORRECTIONS

CEIR 19(10):149 - SOUTHERN PINE BEETLE (Dendroctonus frontalis) - ARKANSAS -
First sentence should read: Detection flights by U.S. Forest Service and Arkansas

Forestry Commission personnel made in Ashley County, February - :

CEIR 19(13) :212 -. CHINCH BUG (Blissus leucopterus) - KANSAS - Delete note; figures
in error. See page 236 in this issue for corrected note, (PPC) .

- 241 -

HAWAII INSECT REPORT

New State Record - Two specimens of a SPHECID WASP (Pison punctifrons Shuckard)
collected at Ewa, Oahu, determined by J.W. Beardsley; one collected in March 1960,
the other in August 1961. This is fifth species of genus to occur in State;
probably not recognized earlier because of superficial resemblance to other
species. Apparently all species of genus prey on small spiders. P. punctifrons
is widespread in Southeast Asia, the Philippines, and Micronesia. “This wasp may
construct either free cells, or partition holes in timber, and provisions the
cells with small spiders. (Beardsley). This is a new Western Hemisphere record,
but the species is not known to occur in the continental United States. (PPC).

General Vegetables - BEAN FLY (Melanagromyza phaseoli) larvae trace to light in
seedling Snap beans at Waimanalo and Waianae, Oahu. Only 1-5 percent of seedlings
in some fields heavily infested; adults light on foliage. Adults medium on leaves
of seedling yard-long beans on farms at Waimanalo and in backyards at Ewa; larvae
light in leaves and stems. Larval damage and adults medium in backyard snap beans
at Waikapu, Maui. (Funasaki, Ah Sam). LEAF MINER FLIES (Liriomyza spp.),
GREENHOUSE WHITEFLY (Trialeurodes vaporariorum) and CARMINE SPIDER MITE (Tetrany-
chus cinnabarinus) light to heavy in many fields of snap beans, cucumbers, and
tomatoes in Waianae, Waimanalo, and scattered plantings in other areas on Oahu;
expected to be troublesome on these and several other crops for next six months.
(Yamamoto, Sato). Two adults of a STINK BUG (Plautia stali) found on buds of
beans; one at Waianae, Oahu, on long beans and other at Waimanalo on snap beans.
This stink bug, a pest of fruits and beans in Southeast Asia, repeatedly collected
at light in many areas, sometimes in large numbers, since January 1968. However,
no significant infestations found to date on fruit trees, beans, or other plants.
(Suzukawa, Mitchell). GREEN PEACH APHID (Myzus persicae), carmine spider mite,
and greenhouse whitefly light to medium on most eggplants in Waianae, Waimanalo,
Pearl City, Punaluu, and Koko Head, Oahu. (Funasaki).

Fruits - SOUTHERN GREEN STINK BUG (Nezara viridula), mostly adults, heavy on
foliage and fruits in 5 acres of mixed citrus and on cheeseweed in Kihei, Maui.
No apparent damage to citrus. Eggs of Trichopoda pennipes (a tachina fly) on 77
percent of 200 adults collected. (Miyahira). PURPLE SCALE (Lepidosaphes beckii)
heavy on bark of 3-year-old citrus trees in Lihue, Kauai. (Sugawa). A SOFT
SCALE (Coccus acuminatus) moderate on mountain-apple trees in Hilo, Hawaii; sooty
mold noticeable on leaves. (Yoshioka). An APHID (Pentalonia nigronervosa)
spotty and heavy in some banana fields at Waimanalo, Waiahole, Kaneohe, and in
backyards at Laie, Oahu. Infestations mostly between leaf axils of young plants.
BLACK THREAD SCALE (Ischnaspis longirostris), RED WAX SCALE (Ceroplastes rubens),
and an ARMORED SCALE (Phenacaspis cockerelli) light to medium on leaves of 5 acres
of mango in Kihei, Maui. (Miyahira).

Beneficial Insects - A PTEROMALID WASP (Anysis alcocki), a parasite of scale
insects purposely introduced from the Philippines in 1964, previously reported
attacking only Ceroplastes cirripediformis (barnacle scale). In January both
sexes reared from Saissetia coffeae (hemispherical scale) on asystasia, and males
only reared from ASterolecanium bambusae (a pit scale) on bamboo, in Honolulu,
Oahu. New host records in Hawaii. (Beardsley).

Miscellaneous Insects - Survey of 300-acre grass area at Hickam Air Force Base,
Honolulu, Oahu, revealed only 2 third-instar nymphs of a GRASSHOPPER (Oedaleus
abruptus). Area cooperatively treated March 12-13 by Federal and State personnel.
(Olson). Adult male of a LONGHORN GRASSHOPPER (Euconocephalus nasutus) picked up
at large on farm at Waianae is sixth known specimen taken to date on Oahu.
(Konishi).

- 242 -

INSECT DETECTION
New State Records

A SPHECID WASP (Pison punctifrons Shuckard) - HAWAII - Two specimens collected
at Ewa, Oahu, determined by J.W. Beardsley; one collected in March 1960, the
other in August 1961. Apparently all species of this genus prey on small
spiders. This is first record for Western Hemisphere. P. punctifrons is not
known to occur in the continental United States. (p. 241),

TEPHRITID FLIES - WISCONSIN - Procecidochares atra collected in ammonia bait traps
in cherry orchards in Door County July 1968. Determined by G.C. Steyskal.
(Conrad). OREGON - The following species collected by K. Goeden and determined

by F.L. Blanc; Aciurina thoracica in Klamath County August 6, 1966; Tephritis
opacipennis in Deschutes County June 6, 1963; Trupanea femoralis in Klamath County
June 6, 1966, and in Jackson County June 7, 1966. Westcott).

LESSER MEALWORM (Alphitobius diaperinus) - WISCONSIN - Found in turkey litter at
Barron, Barron County, December 12, 1968. Determined by T.J. Spilman. (Conrad).

A WHITEFLY (Aleuroplatus quercusaquaticae) - TEXAS - Found attacking post oak near
Houston, Harris County, August 12, 1968, by R.M. Eads. Determined by L.M.
Russell. (Eads).

AN EPIDERMOPTID MITE (Dermatophagoides pteronyssina) - CONNECTICUT - Heavy in rug
and upholstered furniture in home in Meriden. (p. 253),

Weather of the week continued from page 234.

ward to Arkansas and the Carolinas. Snow mixed with rain fell along the western
edge of the precipitation area and blustery winds, gusting to 30 to 45 m.p.h. from
the Dakotas to Texas and eastward to the middle Atlantic added to the people's
misery. Tornadoes struck in Virginia Monday night, killing 1 person, injuring
several, and destroying or severely damaging 15 to 20 homes and several apartment
buildings. A new storm pushed into the northern Great Plains on Thursday. Light
rains from Missouri to [Illinois preceded the storm surge which dumped fresh snow
from Minnesota to Upper Michigan, 5 inches at Minneapolis. Flurries fell from the
northern Rocky Mountains to the Dakotas. Northern and western New York received
3-6 inches of new snow about midweek.

TEMPERATURE: Pleasant sunny weather continued over most of the West. A rising
temperature trend produced the warmest temperatures of the year in California.
Thermal, California, registered 97° on Friday and Saturday afternoon. In contrast,
cold air spilled southward over the central and eastern States. Tallahassee,
Florida, registered 28° Thursday morning, setting a new low-temperature record
for so late in the season. Cool temperatures over the northern Great Plains, low
40's in the afternoon and below freezing at night, slowed the melting of the deep
snow cover in the Red River of the North Valley and the valleys of the Big Sioux
and other tributaries of the Big Muddy. As the weekend approached, afresh blast
of arctic air swept southward across the central Great Plains, tumbling tempera-
tures to below zero as far south as northeastern Nebraska and northern [owa,

FLOOD SITUATION AND OUTLOOK: The northern tributaries of the middle Missouri
River are rising rapidly due to snow melt and will exceed flood stage during the
next few days. Principal tributaries are the Little Sioux, Floyd, James, and the
Big Sioux. The snowpack has not yet begun to thaw in the upper Mississippi and
the Red River of the Northern basins, and the flood potential remains high in
those areas. (Summary supplied by Environmental Data Service, ESSA.)

- 243 -

SUMMARY OF INSECT CONDITIONS IN THE UNITED STATES - 1968
(Continued from page 232)

MAN AND ANIMALS
Highlights:

MOSQUITOES were annoying in many areas of the United States during 1968 and were
heavier than usual in some areas. FACE FLY was found for the first time in
California and Nevada and is now known to occur in most counties of Montana,
Face fly was annoying to livestock in many areas and is the most troublesome fly
species of livestock in Maryland. HOUSE FLY was numerous about poultry houses
in Utah and was of much concern around hog and poultry operations in Alabama.
SCREW-WORM was the worst in the Southwest since 1962, with a total of 9,877 con-
firmed cases. HORN FLY was heavy in many areas of Texas and southern I1llinois
and remained the most important pest of range cattle in North Dakota. STABLE
FLY was very annoying to untreated cattle in Iowa and annoyed cattle in the Boise
Valley of Idaho for the first time in several years. HORSE FLIES, DEER FLIES,
and BLACK FLIES were annoying in some areas. CATTLE LICE were problems in some
areas, and several species were serious in Alabama. SHEEP BITING LOUSE was an
important pest in Texas. AMERICAN DOG TICK populations were much lower than in
1967 in Wisconsin, WINTER TICK was heavier than in many years in Oklahoma.

MOSQUITOES (Aedes spp.) were heavy throughout VERMONT, In southern NEW HAMPSHIRE
a heavy spring brood of Aedes spp. emerged in early May. Culex spp. and Aedes
spp. were prevalent throughout RHODE ISLAND by July 9 and continued a nuisance
throughout the summer. Mosquitoes were more abundant in CONNECTICUT ir 1968
because of a wet spring. In DELAWARE the three major species, SALT-MARSH
MOSQUITO (Aedes sollicitans), A. vexans, and Culex pipiens, were not so abundant
as last season. Mosquito populations in MARYLAND were 26 percent lower in 1968
than in 1967. Of all the females collected from 21 traps in 16 counties, Aedes
sollicitans accounted for 24.8 percent, and Culex spp. represented 30.5 percent.
Female Culex spp. decreased from 57 percent of the total in 1967.

Psorophora confinnis was relatively more abundant in the Palm Beach County area
of FLORIDA because of more rain in 1968. The Species was most active in late
spring and during summer. The mosquito nuisance was greater than usual and
serious all summer in the Sanford area of Seminole County. At a large dairy near
Green Cove Springs, Clay County, the entire pasture area had to be treated in
September. A. sollicitans was the worst in about 10 years in the panhandle
section. Probably reflecting an early spring drought and several summer storms,
A, taeniorhynchus peaked in extreme southeastern Florida in late May and in the
central east coast area during June and July. Salt marsh Aedes were more abun-
dant during September and October in the western area where a dry Summer was
followed by locally heavy rains and possibly some peak tides late in the season,
The number of cases of equine encephalitis (36) was twice that of 1967. One
human in the Homestead area of Dade County, Florida, was infected with Venezuelan
encephalitis during September.

COMMON MALARIA MOSQUITO (Anopheles quadrimaculatus) probably transmitted 4 con-
firmed cases of human malaria in Lee County, ALABAMA, These cases were the

first reported in the State since 1960 by the Alabama Department of Health.

Aedes sollicitans and other mosquitoes were annoying throughout the Season, espe-
Cially along the coastal areas and lakes. Various species, as usual, severely
annoyed man and animals in all low areas of ARKANSAS. Numbers in OKLAHOMA were
generally light. Culiseta inornata was fairly common in April and October.

Culex pipiens complex and Aedes Spp. caused occasional trouble during fall in
Oklahoma.

- 244 -

Floodwater mosquitoes in most of OHIO were exceptionally heavy and annoying

during June. Heavy rains in May left standing water in depressions, Mosquitoes,
mostly Aedes vexans, reached very annoying levels in northern INDIANA because of
extremely wet conditions in late May; by mid-July annoyance was severe in the
central and northern areas, Populations were described as "worst ever" and

"worst in 15 years" during 1968. Mosquitoes in MICHIGAN were of primary concern
after July. The enormous numbers made camping and other outdoor activities
unpleasant. Chemical controls statewide were only partly effective because

large community control projects and water management are needed. The first
NORTHERN HOUSE MOSQUITO (Culex pipiens pipiens) in WISCONSIN was caught in the
Mazomanie blacklight trap by April 5. By May 17, FLOODWATER MOSQUITO (A. sticticus)
was biting in Iowa County. By June 14, biting of man and cattle was severe in all
counties. Late in June heavy rains provided breeding pools. Not until the first
week of August did biting become localized. A. vexans was by far the most numerous
biter in Wisconsin with A. sticticus second.

The first spring Aedes spp. and A. vexans in MINNESOTA emerged May 11-17. By
June 15, adults had sharply increased with warmer weather. Nuisance, particu-
larly in the southern half of the State, was high. In late June cooler weather
restricted activity somewhat. In late June Mansonia perturbans appeared, re-
mained in significant numbers until its peak in mid-July, and then declined in
August. Very heavy rains from late June through August led to widespread
mosquito breeding and high nuisance levels. Adult control programs by munici-
palities were often unsuccessful. Peaks were noted during the weeks ending
July 13 and August 17. A. vexans was predominant throughout the season. By
August 9, A. trivittatus waS Significant. After August 23 declining tempera-
tures restricted activity. By September 13 the diapause level of Aedes eggs
was 65 percent. The 1968 season in Minnesota may be considered the worst
mosquito year of the past 10 years with 1967 being a close second,

Mosquitoes were severe throughout IOWA in 1968. Many cities and towns sprayed
or fogged. The first activity in NEBRASKA was reported April 9 in Lancaster
County. Problems were fewer statewide than in 1967, but locally heavy infesta-
tions occurred, particularly in the northwestern panhandle, In August a case of
equine encephalitis was reported from Chadron, Dawes County. In SOUTH DAKOTA
much more ultra low volume organic phosphate was used to control horn fly
(Haematobia irritans), face fly (Musca autumnalis), and mosquitoes than in 1967
with an estimated 400,000 head of cattle treated. Mosquitoes were heavy in most
areas of NEW MEXICO after heavy Summer rains. Because of the threat of
encephalitis, the area along the Rio Grande from Belen, Valencia County, to
Velarde, Rio Arriba County, was treated, as well as the river valley from
Espanola to Abiquiu. Heavy mosquito populations throughout WYOMING annoyed man
and animals. Heavy rains flooded many areas. Populations were heaviest in.
Teton, Lincoln, Sublette, and Albany Counties. Mosquitoes were among the three
most troublesome and common pests of livestock in UTAH during 1968 and were a
problem in homes, Populations throughout NEVADA were generally low because of
drought. Outbreaks of several species of Aedes and two species of Culex did
occur in localized areas. Numbers were higher than normal and irritating in
many local CALIFORNIA areas. Aedes dorsalis was very abundant and severely
annoyed cattle in Langel Valley, Klamath County, OREGON, during June. Sixty-five
cases of equine encephalitis in horses were reported in 1968 compared with 20
cases in 1967. Cases were reported from Crook, Deschutes, Douglas, Grant,
Jackson, Josephine, Klamath, Lake, Morrow, Wasco, and Washington Counties, The
single Washington County case was the first reported in 13 years, Most cases
occurred in Jackson County. Mosquitoes were generally less abundant than last
year in Oregon,

FACE FLY (Musca autumnalis) was collected in 1968 for new State records in
CALIFORNIA and NEVADA. In Nevada light to medium populations developed in north-
central Elko County during summer. Face fly was much less of a problem than
during the summer of 1967 in WASHINGTON. Counts ranged 1-5 per beef animal at
Prosser, Benton County, in July, 4-5 per head in Whitman County, and were

= 7) S

Le

:

-

eae

ay

- 246 -

generally low in the lower Yakima Valley. The parasitic nematode (Heterotylenchus
autumnalis) infested about 34 percent of the face flies examined, Counts of 50
per head, common in 1967, were rare in 1968. Newly emerged face fly adults were
observed on cattle in northern IDAHO by May 31. Counts ranged 0-26 flies per
face on several beef herds. Adults averaged 14 per face on untreated Boundary
County cattle in mid-July but were very low or absent on pasture cattle in the
southeastern area in early July and in the southwestern area in early August.
Annoying numbers were observed on range and pasture cattle in widely separated
areas of Idaho in late July and early August. Many areas which experienced
economic numbers in 1967 did not in 1968. A cool, wet August suppressed devel-
opment for the rest of the summer. Face fly has been in MONTANA only 5 years but
is known to occur in all but 7 of the 56 counties. Fewer flies appeared on the
faces of livestock in 1968 than in 1967. By late summer H. autumnalis had para-
sitized more than 40 percent of the face fly population, “In the fall, face

flies annoyed householders by entering homes in large numbers. No face flies
were observed or reported in WYOMING during 1968. In northern UTAH this pest was
common, and populations and annoyance were normal,

Face fly activity in NEBRASKA increased in June and peaked in late August to
early September. Populations in SOUTH DAKOTA were lower than in 1967. There
were usually one to three per head from July until mid-August when up to 35 per
head of stock were observed in Brookings, Charles Mix, and Yankton Counties.

New county records were established in Jones and Potter Counties, although this
pest was presumed to have been there for several years in low numbers. Use of
an ultra low volume organic phosphate to control horn flies, face flies, and
mosquitoes continued on a larger scale than in 1967, with an estimated 400,000
head of cattle treated, Face fly populations throughout most of NORTH DAKOTA
were noneconomic. However, up to 30 per face annoyed animals in the sand hills
area cf Ransom and Richland Counties. Reported in 23 new counties in 1968, face
fly is now recorded in all but Williams and Divide Counties. Face fly was
troublesome in most areas of IOWA. In ILLINOIS counts averaged 33 per animal

in August in the central section, with a State average of 9.8 per animal. Face
fly was severely annoying on pasture cattle from mid-July through mid-August
throughout INDIANA. In the southern areas, counts ranged 11-62 per face, but in
the central and northern areas populations ranged 15-100+ per face and averaged
40 per face. Face fly was the heaviest since the survey program in Indiana
began in 1964. Face fly adults had emerged from hibernation to annoy cattle in
southern OHIO with the first warm weather of early April. In April and early
May, 6 and 7 per face were reported. However, numbers did not become Significant
until mid-July when populations increased rapidly. During the last half of July
and August up to 50 flies per face, "tear streaking", and tightly clustered
groups of cattle were reported. Face fly appears to be annoying cattle farther
north each year in MICHIGAN,

Face fly is the most troublesome fly of MARYLAND livestock. High numbers, 40-150
per head, commonly infested cattie and horses in the central sections in 1968.
Controls on beef cattle were not satisfactory. A daily spray program on dairy
cattle did not prevent moderate to heavy infestations in the field. Face fly

was a severe nuisance in western VIRGINIA. In TENNESSEE face fly was reported

in Coffee, Davidson, Decatur, and Williamson Counties for new county records.
Annoyance to cattle was high in many eastern areas,

HOUSE FLY (Musca domestica) occurred in seasonal outbreaks while it was otherwise
normal in CALIFORNIA. Numbers were above normal in late summer in several UTAH
communities and especially numerous about some poultry houses and on many farms.
Annoyance in OKLAHOMA occurred around homes and barns from early March to mid-
November, and this pest was troublesome in IOWA. House fly adults became
numerous in some dairy barns in WISCONSIN late in May. Early in August a marked
increase occurred, With longer and cooler August nights annoying numbers
entered houses and restaurants statewide. House fly was an annoying and serious
health hazzard throughout ALABAMA, Large numbers entered homes near dairy barns
and poultry houses. Annoying numbers of adults were of considerable concern
around hog production and poultry operations in Alabama, In FLORIDA house fly

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. was present at all times throughout Palm Beach County. House fly was highest in
cattle and horse barns and abundant in pastures around molasses and concentrate
feed troughs where they would settle on cattle and feed on punctures made by
Haematobia irritans (horn fly). Large numbers of house fly occurred in Bradford
County because Of inadequately treated manure in large scale poultry operations,
All stages heavily infested chicken houses by August 20 in RHODE ISLAND, but the
usual numbers were present elsewhere during Summer,

The 1968 season was the worst for SCREW-WORM (Cochliomyia hominivorax) outbreaks
Since 1962 when the United States Department of Agriculture, the States, and

the Southwest Animal Health Research Foundation launched the cooperative eradica-
tion program. Prior to the resurgence, cases had dropped from 50,850 the first
year to only 872 in 1967. In 1968, confirmed cases totaled 9,877; Texas had
9,268, Arizona 405, California 135, and New Mexico 69, In 1967 Texas had 835
cases, Arizona 23, California 14, and New Mexico none, A total of 2,942,889,000
sterile flies were released in the United States during 1968,

There were 19,452 laboratory-confirmed cases of screw-worm in the Mexico portion
of the barrier zone. A total of 4,211,947,000 sterile screw-worm flies was
released over Mexico.

Strangely enough, 1968 also included the longest screw-worm free period on record,
101 days, which immediately preceded the 1968 outbreak. Intensive eradication
efforts had eliminated screw-worm from the United States; however, a large native
screw-worm population spread northward from Mexico into the Southwest, causing a
peak of 4,155 cases during October,

Since November, cases have dropped off sharply, but officials warn that this is
due to cold weather rather than a iessening of the screw-worm menace.

Veterinarians of the Agricultural Research Service attribute the screw-worm
resurgence to two major causes: (1) unusually wet and mild weather throughout
the Southwest which favored rapid screw-worm spread and hindered eradication
efforts, and (2) relaxed preventive measures by many ranchers. If the border
region has a mild winter and these conditions continue, they fear an even worse
outbreak in 1969,

Program officials are urging all animal owners to inspect their stock regularly,
report suspected infestations, treat all wounds with approved smears, and spray
herds with prescribed pesticides. Larval samples should be sent to the Screw-
worm Eradication Laboratory, Mission, Texas, for identification. Branding and
animal surgery should be done between now and early spring while the screw-worm
threat is at a low ebb,

In addition to the outbreak and the unusual weather, other program highlights
were: The largest production and distribution of sterile screw-worm flies ever
achieved, ranging from 96 million to nearly 200 million per week from June
through November, The death of a 41-year-old Texas woman from a screw-worm
infestation, the first such case in many years. A drastic cutback in sterile fly
production in December to conserve program resources, which had been strained by
the unusually intensive eradication efforts during the height of the 1968 out-
break.

COMMON CATTLE GRUB (Hypoderma lineatum) larvae were found in only 2 of 141

animals examined December 10 on the range cattle experiment station at Ona,

Hardee County, FLORIDA. At Gainesville, Alachua County, one first instar infested
6 percent of beef and 9 percent of dairy cattle in early October. Infestations

in dairy cattle had increased to 4 percent by late November with 1.3 grubs per
infested animal. In mid-December, first to third instars averaged 6 (peak 22)

per infested animal in 73 percent of the beef cattle and 4 (peak 16) in 16 per-
cent of the dairy cattle. In Palm Beach County, counts in 1968 were less than

in previous years. Grubs ranged 0-46 per head in animals examined January 19 and
October 30 and averaged 2.68 and 4.0 per head on those dates, respectively.

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Although statewide in ALABAMA and especially important in beef cattle, common
cattle grub populations and damage ranged light to medium, probably because of
better and widespread use of proper pesticides. Common cattle grub ranged 3-55
(average 19) per back in untreated cattle in January in ARKANSAS. Fall infesta-
tions were later and lighter than normal. In OKLAHOMA, larvae were present in
backs of cattle through early March, adults were active during March and April,
and grubs appeared again in early November, First common cattle grubs of the
season in IOWA were found in the backs of cattle during the week of February 9.
CATTLE GRUBS (Hypoderma spp.) populations were normal in UTAH and near normal in
NEVADA during 1968. The occurrences of common cattle grub and NORTHERN CATTLE
GRUB (H. bovis) were normal in CALIFORNIA. Shipments of cattle from out of State
accounted for most infestations,

Cattle grub egg laying activity was heavy in northern IDAHO and in the Bruneau
area throughout June. Common cattle grub and northern cattle grub were active
in 36 counties of MONTANA. Cattle grubs appeared in the backs of cattle in
western NORTH DAKOTA by February 22 and were still evident by May 10. Surveys
at livestock auctions at Dickinson, Stark County, and at Mandan, Morton County,
showed 39 percent of the animals infested with 1-43 (average 7.9) grubs per.
back, Populations equaled those of 1967, but the percent of infested animals
decreased from 59 in 1967 to 39 in 1968. Infestations in western North Dakota
were light in 70, medium in 20, and heavy in 8 percent of the infested animals.
Northern cattle grub appeared in the backs of cattle in central and west-central
IOWA in early March, and infested animals were first reported at locker plants
at the same time.

HORN FLY (Haematobia irritans) ranged moderate to heavy, 20-300 per head, on
cattle in all the central counties of MARYLAND. Controls reduced numbers some-
what on dairy stock, In Palm Beach County, FLORIDA, moderate numbers infested
cattle from January to March, Increase brought the average per head to more
than 400 by mid-May and more than 500 by the end of June. Populations peaked
at 700 per head on October 29, In 1967, a much drier year, a high of only 560
flies was reached on November 10, In the Gainesville area, Alachua,County, counts
ranged 300-400 per head on beef and dairy cattle at the end of August and then
dropped to less than 50 per head by late October. Late in the season counts
were higher on beef than on dairy cattle. Annoying and damaging numbers in
ALABAMA occurred mainly on beef herds where proper controls were not applied.
Numbers in ARKANSAS were lighter than normal, 100-150 per head, by mid-June but
became normal for the rest of 1968. Horn fly activity in OKLAHOMA lasted from
late March through mid-November. The highest counts, 600-1,500 per head,
occurred from late June to early July and in September, While heavy numbers in
TEXAS infested cattle throughout many areas, infestations were heaviest in the
Trans-Pecos area,

Horn fly was numerous throughout MICHIGAN with counts as high as 400 per head
in August. Counts in southern INDIANA peaked in mid-July and ranged 100-800
(average 200) per head, The generally light counts in the west-central, central,
and northern districts peaked in mid-August and ranged 25-50 per head. Counts
in the east-central district were the highest with an average of 250-300 per
head in mid-August. Horn fly populations averaged 555 per animal in Southern
ILLINOIS in August, but the State average was 141.2 per animal. This fly was
troublesome in most of IOWA. Counts in NEBRASKA increased steadily from May
through August; the highest counts, 600-1,000 per head, occurred in late August
and early September.

Horn fly populations in SOUTH DAKOTA followed the pattern of 1967 with high

counts from mid-June through September. Flies averaged 175 per side on

untreated cows east of the Missouri River until the end of July and then increased
to 200-250 per side on cows until heavy frosts in September. Peak counts were

up to 700 per side on cows and 1,000 on bulls. Use of an ultra low volume

organic phosphate to control horn fly, face fly, and mosquitoes continued on a
larger scale than in 1967 with an estimated 400,000 head of cattle treated.

Horn fly remained the most important pest on range cattle in NORTH DAKOTA. Low

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numbers built up to economic levels by the end of the season. Counts of 40-700
per head annoyed untreated cattle throughout WYOMING. In UTAH this was one of
the three most troublesome and common pests of livestock, Horn fly infestations
were near normal in NEVADA.

STABLE FLY (Stomoxys calcitrans) appeared in significant numbers on some west
FLORIDA beaches the last half of August as usual. During September and October
flies were numerous on Some beaches and low elsewhere. The Season was over by
November 1, Somewhat earlier than in the last several years. Occasionally a
problem on cattle in VIRGINIA, stable fly was generally light. High numbers in
southwestern PENNSYLVANIA from mid-June to late July annoyed cattle and workmen
in dairy barns. Counts in central ILLINOIS peaked in August and averaged 34 per
head; the State average was 8.2. Stable fly in IOWA was very annoying to un-
treated herds in mid and late summer. Adults in Lancaster County, NEBRASKA, were
first seen on March 8, the earliest record of activity in the State, and last
seen on November 22, A buildup in June reached 8-10 per leg in feedlots on

June 27 and highs of 30-35 per leg from late July through August 10, Activity
then declined. Stable fly was active from early April to late November in
OKLAHOMA, counts ranged up to 20 per head in mid-April but were generally less
than 10 per head during the rest of the season, This pest was common but normal
in numbers and annoyance in UTAH. Stable fly harassed cattle in the Boise
Valley of IDAHO for the first time in several years. Stable fly was unusually
abundant in parts of the Willamette Valley of OREGON during fall.

HORSE FLIES were unusually prevalent and irritating in CALIFORNIA. These pests
were very low in most areas of OREGON although a few instances of severe annoy-
ance were reported in Klamath County. Horse flies were common in UTAH, but popu-
lations and annoyance were normal, Hybomitra frontalis and Tabanus spp. annoyed
man and animals throughout WYOMING with heaviest populations observed in Teton,
Sublette, and Albany Counties. STRIPED HORSE FLY (Tabanus lineola) was present
in economic numbers on several cattle herds in Steele, Foster, and Sheridan
Counties, NORTH DAKOTA, Tabanus spp. were annoying to cattle in OKLAHOMA from
late April to late September. Populations were heaviest, 20-35 per head, in
mid-June and early September, The common species were T. lineola complex, T,
sulcifrons, and BLACK HORSE FLY (T. atratus). Horse flies were very heavy in
Several areas of TEXAS, Heaviest infestations were reported from the Coastal
Plains near Angleton, Brazoria County. Tabanus spp. were heavier than usual
over most of southwestern TENNESSEE during early summer. Tabanus spp. were
common but not numerous by July 9 in RHODE ISLAND, but counts were increasing on
July 17 and July 24,

DEER FLIES were common but normal in UTAH. Chrysops spp. annoyed man and animals
throughout WYOMING with largest populations noted in Teton, Sublette, and Albany
Counties. Deer flies in MINNESOTA were extremely numerous especially in wooded
areas. Chrysops sp. began annoying humans in early June in southern Dane County,
WISCONSIN. Increase was gradual until late July and then rapid during hot
weather. Severe for a few weeks, annoyance then subsided in late August. In
RHODE ISLAND Chrysops spp. were striking and biting on July 9; they were fairly
numerous July 17, July 24, and August 7.

BLACK FLIES in NEW HAMPSHIRE began to be active in late April; numbers were about
average. Simulium sp. in RHODE ISLAND was common and biting on July 9. Com-
plaints about black flies in CONNECTICUT increased probably because of a wet
spring producing better breeding locations, Prosimulium sp. in PENNSYLVANIA was
abundant and annoying in late April in the Pocono resort area, Simulium sp. was
very numerous in Forest and Warren Counties of the Cook Forest Park during June.
Annoyance in both areas, however, was much less severe than in the past few
years. Black flies were not important except in localized areas in the northern
counties of WISCONSIN where numbers were heavy sporadically through the summer,
In mid-July TURKEY GNAT (S. meridionale) emerged very heavily over much of the
State. Biting of humans was common July 12-19 within 25 miles of the Wisconsin
and Mississippi Rivers. Black flies in MINNESOTA were probably more abundant

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than in past years. Several Simulium spp. were taken from a horse's ear in
MONTANA, and great numbers were found around a meat packing plant near Missoula,
Missoula County.

These Diptera were also annoying. HORSE BOT FLY (Gasterophilus intestinalis)
waS common and above normal in UTAH and was active in late September and October
in OKLAHOMA, Abundant numbers of a MARCH FLY (Dilophus sp.) in some areas of
the FLORIDA Peninsula and of another MARCH FLY (Plecia nearctica) in the north-
ern area in June, late September, and early October were a driving hazard for
motorists. A BITING MIDGE (Culicoides furens) remained the principal species

in coastal FLORIDA. C. tissoti was abundant and biting people at Orange City,
Volusia County, in late March; heavy numbers in western Gainesville, Alachua
County, forced baseball fans at City Park to use repellents during April.
Culicoides spp. in RHODE ISLAND were common and biting on July 10.

A LOUSE FLY (Lipoptena mazamae) was active on deer in east-central OKLAHOMA from
mid-January to mid-September. Numbers ranged up to 3,000 per head from mid-
August to mid-September. SHEEP KED (Melophagus ovinus) averaged 150 per head

on shorn lambs in Lancaster County, NEBRASKA, March 8. Many flocks in UTAH were
treated to control the usual numbers of Sheep ked. Sheep ked was widespread in
MONTANA. Another species of Melophagus was found infesting deer in the Gallatin
Forest.

CATTLE TAIL LOUSE (Haematopinus quadripertusus) in FLORIDA was heavy on practic-
ally all beef cattle at Ona, Hardee County, in early December; numbers were much
lighter in the Gainesville area, Alachua County. None were observed on dairy
animals surveyed. Most scattered infestations in Palm Beach County were found
during the cooler months of 1968, SHORT-NOSED CATTLE LOUSE (H. eurysternus) ,
LONG-NOSED CATTLE LOUSE (Linognathus vituli), and CATTLE BITING LOUSE (Bovicola
bovis) were serious cattle pests in ALABAMA. Range beef cattle, especially,
lost weight and vitality during the critical late winter months. In ARKANSAS
heavier than normal numbers of a WRINKLED SUCKING LOUSE (Solenopotes capillatus)
in the northwestern area and of long-nosed cattle louse, 3-6 per Square inch,
infested cattle in February, Cattle lice were moderate to heavy in most areas
of OKLAHOMA through early April. Short-nosed cattle louse and long-nosed cattle
louse were most common with an occasional cattle biting louse. Fall activity
began in early November. Lice were severe on cattle during winter in MICHIGAN.
Short-nosed cattle louse, long-nosed cattle louse, cattle biting louse, and

S. capillatus were light on most animals in IOWA during January and February.
Practically all cattle herds in MONTANA are usually infested to some degree with
lice, especially the short-nosed cattle louse. Cattle lice in UTAH were among
the three most troublesome and common pests of livestock. Lice were near normal
in NEVADA. Short-nosed cattle louse was unusually heavy on cattle in a few
instances in CALIFORNIA,

HOG LOUSE (Haematopinus suis) moderately infested a herd of young hogs in NEW
HAMPSHIRE, Numbersin FLORIDA were light on swine in Suwannee County in mid-
October. Although present throughout ALABAMA, hog louse was not a serious prob-
lem for Swine produced under well managed conditions. Infestations in ARKANSAS
were spotted and heavier than normal. Light to heavy numbers in OKLAHOMA
occurred through late May and in early September. Hog louse was a pest in IOWA,

A SMOOTH SUCKING LOUSE (Linognathus africanus) killed many deer at Lebec, Kern
County, CALIFORNIA. Lice were among the most common pests on poultry in "UTAH,
especially in many farm flocks. CHICKEN BODY LOUSE (Menacanthus stramineus)
infestations were varied and heavy in some areas of ARKANSAS. 5 P BI

LOUSE (Bovicola ovis) was an important pest in TEXAS,

FLEAS in households and other structures were more numerous than usual in NEW
HAMPSHIRE, Annoyance from PULICID FLEAS (Ctenocephalides spp.) in RHODE ISLAND
peaked about July 29 and continued into September. CAT FLEA (C. felis) was
especially troublesome in DELAWARE homes throughout most of 1968. Cat flea and
DOG FLEA (C. canis) were annoying in ALABAMA homes all year, and control efforts

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were continuous and difficult. Cat flea infestations were common in OKLAHOMA
homes during Summer and numerous in CALIFORNIA residences,

BALD-FACED HORNETS, YELLOW JACKETS, Polistes spp. and other stinging wasps were
more numerous in 1967 and 1968 than they were in the previous 2 years in MONTANA,
Nestings on and near homes were reported from 27 counties. Polistes spp. were
one of most common insects invading homes in OKLAHOMA. Wasp problems in
MINNESOTA seemed much more prevalent than usual. Several species of Vespula were
very abundant from early August to mid-October throughout PENNSYLVANIA. Stings
were numerous, Many yellow jackets entered classrooms in many elementary schools
during October.

AMERICAN DOG TICK (Dermacentor variabilis) caused some annoyance by May 10 in
RHODE ISLAND, was more prevalent in CONNECTICUT during summer, and annoyed home-
owners in Montgomery and Prince Georges Counties in MARYLAND. Activity was
common throughout the northern two-thirds of WISCONSIN by May 3. Complaints
increased sharply with the opening of the trout season, but numbers were gener-
ally much lower than in 1967 although locally high numbers occurred in Ashland,
Iowa, Chippewa, and St. Croix Counties. Annoyance was minor after late June.
American dog tick was active in MINNESOTA in late April, was most common on dogs
in north-central OKLAHOMA during April and May, and was an important pest in
TEXAS, American dog tick in UTAH was common but normal in numbers and annoyance
in range areas.

PACIFIC COAST TICK (Dermacentor occidentalis) infestations in CALIFORNIA were
severe and localized with some tick paralysis involved, The number of incidences
of BROWN DOG TICK (Rhipicephalus sanguineus) increased in California. WINTER
TICK (D. albipictus) was heavy On Several Species of animals in western NORTH
DAKOTA during March and on livestock in eastern OKLAHOMA during January and
early February. Fall activity in the latter State began in mid-November with
heavier than normal numbers in many areas in late November and December. LONE
STAR TICK (Amblyomma americanum) was reported every month except January in
Oklahoma; counts were heaviest from June to September in the east-central area,
GULF COAST TICK (A. maculatum) was common on Oklahoma cattle (mostly on the ears)
in southern Mayes County in late May and early June. BLACK-LEGGED TICK (Ixodes
scapularis) infested deer during spring and fall in Oklahoma.

EAR TICK (Otobius megnini) occurred in localized and heavy outbreaks in
CALIFORNIA and caused concern for several UTAH ranchers. RELAPSING-FEVER TICK
(Qrnithodoros turicata) was an important pest in TEXAS,

NORTHERN FOWL MITE (Ornithonyssus sylviarum) ranged light to moderate in a

large laying flock in NEW HAMPSHIRE. This mite heavily infested hundreds of
chickens, weakening many and killing some, during January and February at
Gainesville, Alachua County, FLORIDA. Northern fowl mite was reported as a new
county record in Pike County, ARKANSAS. It was found for the first time on
turkeys. Up to 1,000 per bird were found in the northwestern area in late May.
Unspecified MITES in UTAH were among the most common pests on poultry, especially
in many farm flocks.

TROPICAL RAT MITE (Ornithonyssus bacoti) was an important pest in TEXAS. CHIGGER
MITES (Eutrombicula Spp.) were annoying in north-central, northeastern, east-
central, and southeastern OKLAHOMA from mid-June to early August. An ITCH MITE
(Sarcoptes scabiei bovis) was positively identified on only one animal in Big
Horn County, MONTANA, but a temporary quarantine was established in the area
surrounding the range where the animal had grazed, All animals were treated

that could have had contact with the infested animal or with the pastures where
it had grazed, MANGE MITES (Chorioptes spp.) infested 1,126 cattle herds

(mostly dairy herds) of 6,705 herds examined in VERMONT. Sarcoptes spp. infested
12 of these herds.

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BROWN RECLUSE SPIDER (Loxosceles reclusa) continued to be reported from homes in
many areas of OKLAHOMA. Three bites were reported in 1968. Specimens were
identified from several widely separated areas of ALABAMA. Brown recluse spider
was reported for the first time from Edgar, Clark, Crawford, Jasper, Effingham,
Shelby, Madison, Marion, Union, Gallatin, White, Hamilton, and Christian Counties,
ILLINOIS, and from Clark, Vanderburgh, Dubois, and Knox Counties, INDIANA.

HOUSEHOLDS AND STRUCTURES
Highlights:

SUBTERRANEAN TERMITES were major structural pests in Delaware, Oklahoma, and
Virginia. Infestations increased in some areas, COCKROACHES were troublesome
in dwellings, and EUROPEAN EARWIG was of some concern in the Northeast. CLOVER
MITE was annoying in several areas.

EASTERN SUBTERRANEAN TERMITE (Reticulitermes flavipes) caused an increasing
number of complaints and infestations in CONNECTICUT. In DELAWARE R. flavipes
was perhaps the major economic pest, as in past years. Numerous infestations
were reported in the spring and early summer, Infestations of R, flavipes in
MARYLAND were well above normal in 1968. Most infestations were reported from
the central and southern counties. Eastern subterranean termite continued as

the major structural pest throughout ALABAMA, Swarms in OKLAHOMA began in early
March, In CALIFORNIA unspecified TERMITE infestations were about normal, Infes-
tations of WESTERN SUBTERRANEAN TERMITE (Reticulitermes hesperus) and another
SUBTERRANEAN TERMITE (R. tibialis) in NEVADA were more numerous than normal in
Clark, Douglas, Humboldt, and WaShoe Counties. Western subterranean termite
caused problems of varying seriousness in every county of UTAH. In IDAHO R.
hesperus and R, tibialis activity reports were more numerous and more widespread
than usual. One panhandle county and 7 southern counties reported activity in
homes. R. tibialis is native to the Bitterroot Valley and the Clark Fork Valley
south of Billings, MONTANA. However, infestations occur in places remote from
these areas. Activity increased in 1967 and 1968 with 12 new infestations
reported in scattered locations, Reticulitermes sp. caused damage to a small
building near Edgemont, Fall River County, SOUTH DAKOTA. In IOWA Reticulitermes
sp. was a structural pest. Swarming in NEW HAMPSHIRE of unspecifie ERMI

was first reported March 31. Severe damage to one home was reported at Newmarket,
Rockingham County, and infestations were reported from several other locations.
In RHODE ISLAND the winged stage of Reticulitermes sp. was troublesome from mid-
May through July. Reticulitermes sp. was the most important structural insect in
VIRGINIA in 1968, and reports were widely distributed.

BROWN-BANDED COCKROACH (Supella supellectilium) , ORIENTAL COCKROACH (Blatta
orientalis) , GERMAN COCKROACH Blattella germanica) , and AMERICAN COCKROACH (Peri-
planeta americana) were common in homes in UTAH, and brown-banded cockroach now
occurs nearly Statewide. These same cockroaches and SMOKY-BROWN COCKROACH (Peri-
planeta fuliginosa) were the predominent species and widespread in ALABAMA.
German cockroach was the most important. A WOOD COCKROACH (Parcoblatta pennsyl-
vanica) , German cockroach, oriental cockroach, and brown-banded cockroach were
reported throughout the season in MICHIGAN. The number of unspecified cockroach
infestations increased in CONNECTICUT, German cockroach and brown-banded cock-
roach were the 2 most common species in CALIFORNIA. Several light infestations
of German cockroach were reported in MONTANA and were most frequently reported
in INDIANA during 1968. German cockroach and oriental cockroach were common in
IOWA,

A WEEVIL (Trachyphloeus bifoveolatus) continued as one of the more frequent
complaints in western WASHINGTON; it was commonly collected in homes west of the
Cascade Mountains from Clark County northward to Whatcom County, especially in
February and October. In western OREGON adults were very abundant in homes,

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FULLER ROSE WEEVIL (Pantomorus cervinus) bored holes almost through heater pipes
of polyethylene in groves at Winter Haven in Polk County, FLORIDA. Damage was
widespread in June. STRAWBERRY ROOT WEEVIL (Brachyrhinus ovatus) entered homes
in western MONTANA communities. First reportS in WISCONSIN of B. ovatus were
received from one northern and one central county by June 21. Occurrences in
homes increased the last week of July and were locally numerous statewide, mainly
in the central counties. Strawberry root weevil adults, as in 1967, were
reported entering homes in July 1968 in INDIANA. Adults of a JAPANESE WEEVIL
(Calomycterus setarius) moved into buildings in NEW HAMPSHIRE in late August.
Infestations increased in late July in motels and homes in WISCONSIN and contin-
ued into September,

ELM LEAF BEETLE (Pyrrhalta luteola) entered homes in UTAH and was quite a prob-
lem in a number of communities and much of Salt Lake County. In OKLAHOMA and
IOWA elm leaf beetle was a common pest in homes, FURNITURE CARPET BEETLE
(Anthrenus flavipes) and other carpet beetles were abundant throughout MICHIGAN,
and A, flavipes was a common pest in IOWA. BLACK CARPET BEETLE (Attagenus

iceus) iS well distributed throughout CONNECTICUT and commonly occurs in IOWA,
DRUGSTORE BEETLE (Stegobium paniceum) had about the usual number of infestations,
and BROWN SPIDER BEETLE (Ptinus clavipes) was heavy locally in CALIFORNIA. Heavy
adult migrations of a LONG-HORNED BEETLE (Oncideres rhodosticta) occurred
September 11-23 at Willcox, Cochise County, ARIZONA. SOUTHERN LYCTUS BEETLE
(Lyctus planicollis) caused very heavy damage to one home each in Ormsby and
Washoe Counties, NEVADA. In CONNECTICUT adult Lyctus sp. emerged from oak floor-
ing in year-old houses, and undetermined species from timbers and furniture. A
CERAMBYCID BEETLE (Callidium sp.) emerged from native oak paneling in a Guilford
home.

CLOVER MITE (Bryobia praetiosa) showed a decline in-1968 from 1967 in NEW
HAMPSHIRE. Clover mite entered homes in RHODE ISLAND and became a problem in
new housing in urban areas of CONNECTICUT. In DELAWARE, VIRGINIA, and TENNESSEE
clover mite was troublesome in homes during the spring. In MICHIGAN clover mite
was heavy in April and May, and common in IOWA, Clover mite entered homes
during the spring at Cody, Thermopolis, and Laramie, WYOMING, while in UTAH it
was common in offices and schoolrooms. Clover mite was less of a problem than
in previous years in CALIFORNIA, An EPIDERMOPTID MITE (Dermatophagoides ptero-
nyssina) was heavy on a rug and upholstered furniture, apparently cauSing a Skin
reaction to an infant, at Meriden, New Haven County, CONNECTICUT. This is a new
State record,

EUROPEAN EARWIG (Forficula auricularia) reports increased rapidly in late June

in NEW HAMPSHIRE, European earwig haS become more numerous and of greater annoy-
ance inside and outside of homes in VERMONT. In RHODE ISLAND European earwig
complaints were numerous about June 6 and increased by August 2, While wide-
spread in CONNECTICUT, this earwig was a greater nuisance in homes, European
earwig caused no damage although numbers increased in PENNSYLVANIA; it was a
nuisance in many locations throughout the State. In CALIFORNIA European earwig
was more widespread but entered fewer homes,

BLACK CARPENTER ANT (Camponotus pennsylvanicus) workers were a common problem in
NEW HAMPSHIRE, and some structural damage waS noted. Most of the infestations

of C. pennsylvanicus involved small numbers; however, nearly all infestations
were located on second and third floor rooms. In IOWA black carpenter ant was a
structural pest. Camponotus sp. in RHODE ISLAND was troublesome in the wing
stage from May 10 into August and was one of most common pests invading homes in
OKLAHOMA, Camponotus sp. caused much concern to many homeowners at locations in
Gallatin, Stillwater, Richland, Yellowstone, Ravalli, and Flathead Counties,
MONTANA,

BOXELDER BUG (Leptocoris trivittatus) was normal and common in homes, offices,
and schoolrooms in UTAH, while infestations were twice as numerous in MONTANA
compared with 1967. A COREID BUG (L. rubrolineatus) caused much concern at many
locations in CALIFORNIA. Unusual infestations of a LYGAEID BUG (Nysius raphanus)

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occurred early in the year and late in summer in CALIFORNIA. In ARIZONA, migra-
tions of Nysius spp. were heavy in the Salt River Valley of Maricopa County
during late May and lighter at Benson in Cochise County, Stafford in Graham
County, and Tucson in Pima County during late May and early June.

Unspecified MILLIPEDS were especially migratory and annoyed homeowners in
MICHIGAN. In PENNSYLVANIA millipeds were by far the most common household pests
in 1968. Problems occurred statewide, were locally heavy in all sections, and
peaked from late August to late October. Millipeds entered homes in large num-
bers in the Winchester area of Frederick County, VIRGINIA. Enormous numbers of

a CRICKET (Nemobius fasciatus) occurred in downtown areas in north-central
Virginia during August; this was the heaviest occurrence since 1947, In the State
of CALIFORNIA there were many complaints due to Gryllus spp.

STORED PRODUCTS
Highlights;

GRANARY WEEVIL infested stored grain in Montana for the first time since 1965,
RICE WEEVIL was serious in stored corn and grain sorghum in Alabama. SAW-TOOTHED
GRAIN BEETLE was more numerous in Montana than usual, FLAT GRAIN BEETLE was a
problem in several seed warehouses in Florida, INDIAN-MEAL MOTH was serious in
feed storage buildings in New Mexico and was common in northern Missouri.

GRANARY WEEVIL (Sitophilus granarius) infested stored grain at Huntley, Yellow-
stone County, MONTANA. This was the first known infestation of this weevil in
the State since 1965, RICE WEEVIL (S. oryzae) was one of the most common pests
of stored products in UTAH and was one of 3 Common pests of stored grain and
household cereal products in MISSOURI. Rice weevil was a serious pest of stored
corn and grain sorghum in central and southern ALABAMA, Immatures and adults of
rice weevil were heavy in 2,000 bushels of shelled corn in a metal bin at Live
Oak, Suwannee County, FLORIDA, during May.

Several DERMESTID BEETLES, Trogoderma simplex, T. parabile, and T, ornatum, were
common and occasionally heavy in Seed and warehouses in CALIFORNIA. LARDER
BEETLE (Dermestes lardarius) was one of the most common stored product pests in
UTAH. In SOUTH DAKOTA, larvae and adults of larder beetle were unusually heavy
in 800 bushels of stored sorghum on a farm near Carpenter, Beadle County. Con-
trols were applied. T. parabile larvae collected from stored barley at Fargo,
Cass County, on August 1, 1967, were reported for a new State record in NORTH
DAKOTA, Larder beetle was a common pest in IOWA, abundant throughout the season
in MICHIGAN, of considerable annoyance in many VERMONT households, and heavier in
NEW HAMPSHIRE in 1968 than during the past 3 years,

SAW-TOOTHED GRAIN BEETLE (Oryzaephilus surinamensis) was one of the most common
pests in UTAH. Ordinarily reported only a few times each year in MONTANA, it was
noted in many places in 1968. This pest was one of the most common insects
entering homes in OKLAHOMA, one of the 3 common pests of stored grain and house-
hold cereal products in MISSOURI, and a common pest in IOWA. Many reports were
received throughout VIRGINIA. Many complaints occurred throughout CONNECTICUT
where more than the usual number of packaged goods were found infested when first
opened, Several infestations of saw-toothed grain beetle in homes were reported
during spring in NEW HAMPSHIRE,

RUSTY GRAIN BEETLE (Cryptolestes ferrugineus) was one of 2 major pests of stored
products in OREGON, and it heavily infested stored barley and wheat dairy feed
in Clark County, NEVADA. FOREIGN GRAIN BEETLE (Ahasverus advena) was common in
IOWA and unusually numerous in homes in late Summer in INDIANA, Adults of FLAT
GRAIN BEETLE (Cryptolestes pusillus) infested large quantities of Argentine
Bahia grass seed (Paspalum notatum var. Saurae) in Seed warehouses at Orlando,

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Bartow, and Dade City, FLORIDA, during November. Controls were applied to this
seed as well as a railroad boxcar of seed.

RED FLOUR BEETLE (Tribolium castaneum) was heavy in stored barley and wheat

dairy feed in Clark County, NEVADA. CONFUSED FLOUR BEETLE (T. confusum) was
heavy in an unused overhead conveyer system in Maricopa County, ARIZONA. Larvae
dropped into newly processed milo planting seed below, The premises were fumi-
gated in late January. In UTAH red flour beetle and confused flour beetle were
common in stored products. YELLOW MEALWORM (Tenebrio molitor) infested grain at
Glasgow, Valley County, and cereal at Helena, Lewis and Clark County, MONTANA,
Red flour beetle and confused flour beetle were common pests in IOWA. The latter
species was one of 3 common pests of stored grain and household cereal products
in MISSOURI.

CIGARETTE BEETLE (Lasioderma serricorne) was the predominant pest of foods in
kitchen pantries throughout ALABAMA in 1968, was one of the major species dam-
aging stored goods in TEXAS, and was common in homes throughout VIRGINIA, In
DELAWARE an unusually large number of cigarette beetle infestations occurred in
homes, mostly in dried cereal products.

A HAIRY FUNGUS BEETLE (Typhaea stercorea) was one of 2 major insects in OREGON.
DRUGSTORE BEETLE (Stegobium paniceum) increased greatly in pantry supplies in
CALIFORNIA. LESSER GRAIN BORER (Rhyzopertha dominica) heavily infested stored
barley and wheat dairy feed in Clark County, NEVADA, for the second record in
this county. Lesser grain borer in ARIZONA was very heavy in stored grain sor-
ghum in late January at Yuma, Yuma County, and was one of the major stored pro-
ducts pest in TEXAS. Controls were required for COWPEA WEEVIL (Callosobruchus
maculatus) in a commercial grain and Seed company in September at Orlando,
Orange County, FLORIDA.

INDIAN-MEAL MOTH (Plodia interpunctella) was one of 2 more frequently reported
pests of stored products in CALIFORNIA. This pest in UTAH was one of the most
common in stored products. Indian-meal moth appeared to be a serious problem
in several feed storage buildings during surveys for khapra beetle (Trogoderma
granarium) throughout NEW MEXICO, Indian-meal moth larvae damaged stored milo
in September in NEBRASKA, but infestations were generally not so common as in
1967. Larvae of this phycitid moth were the most common stored product pests in
IOWA, Infestations in the northern half of MISSOURI were common in stored corn,
wheat, and some soybeans in late summer and fall. Immatures and adults of
Indian-meal moth heavily infested 2,000 bushels of shelled corn in a metal bin
at Live Oak in Suwannee County, FLORIDA, during May. Indian-meal moth was the
most prevalent pest of stored products in CONNECTICUT.

MEDITERRANEAN FLOUR MOTH (Anagasta kuehniella) was one of 2 more frequently re-
ported stored-product pests in CALIFORNIA, and ALMOND MOTH (Cadra cautella) was
frequently reported. Both species were major pests of stored products in TEXAS,
ANGOUMOIS GRAIN MOTH (Sitotroga cerealella) infested shelled and ear corn
throughout MISSOURI during Spring and summer, A large amount of corn harvested
last fall (1967) was apparently infested in the field, In ALABAMA almond moth
was the more important of the stored peanut pests, and Angoumois grain moth was
a serious storage pest for feed manufacturers and of stored peanuts, corn, and
grain sorghum,

BENEFICIAL INSECTS
Highlights:

LADY BEETLES were effective in controlling economic populations of pea aphid on
alfalfa in Nevada and Kansas and on peas and alfalfa in Wisconsin, These
insects and GREEN LACEWINGS were also effective during the outbreak of greenbug
on sorghum in Kansas. Green lacewings were effective in controlling pea aphid
on alfalfa in Kansas and aphids on other crops in several areas,

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CONVERGENT LADY BEETLE (Hippodamia convergens) adults were observed clustered for
overwintering on the north fork of Ahtanum Creek, at about 2,800 feet elevation
in Yakima County, WASHINGTON, on October 31. A LADY BEETLE (Scymnus intrusoides)
was collected September 9 in Grant County, Washington, for a new State record.
Another LADY BEETLE (Anatis rathvoni) was unusually abundant in Curry, Union,

and Wallowa Counties, OREGON. Lady beetles, mostly convergent lady beetle,
helped to reduce economic numbers of Acyrthosiphon pisum (pea aphid) and kept
other pea aphid populations noneconomic in NEVADA. Lady beetles held most cotton
pests at low levels in the State. Convergent lady beetle adults and larvae
ranged moderate to heavy on alfalfa, barley, corn, cotton, safflower, sugarbeets,
and sweetpotatoes in ARIZONA from April through July. VEDALIA (Rodolia cardi-
nalis) adults were released in a large citrus grove on the west Side of the. Salt
River Valley in Maricopa County, Arizona, in early June. By early September

this coccinellid had controlled the heavy infestation of Icerya purchasi (cottony-
cushion scale) in this grove. Unspecified lady beetles were some of the most
beneficial species in UTAH, and adults and larvae were numerous in WYOMING on
alfalfa, corn, sugarbeets, and potatoes, Various species kept aphid populations
low on corn and sorghum in southeastern Wyoming. Lady beetles were heavy on
alfalfa, sainfoin, grain, ornamentals, and in Shelterbelts in MONTANA,

Lady beetles and other beneficial insects helped to control the outbreaks of pea
aphid on alfalfa and of Schizaphis graminum (greenbug) on sorghum in KANSAS.
Losses would have been much higher otherwise. Lady beetle adults and/or larvae
in IOWA ranged moderate to high through the growing season, In WISCONSIN adults
and larvae, mostly convergent lady beetle, were heavy enough by August to control
Rhopalosiphum maidis (corn leaf aphid) with the aid of syrphid fly larvae, Orius
insidiosus (a flower bug), and weather. Lady beetles helped to stabilize pea
aphid numbers on peas and alfalfa in the State. In OKLAHOMA convergent lady
beetle, active from mid-January to mid-December, was especially high during

the greenbug outbreak on sorghum in late July and August. Convergent lady

beetle was an important predator in ARKANSAS from April through June. Aestiva-
tion occurred earlier than usual in late May. Coleomegilla maculata was also an
important predator beginning in April but continuing through the year. In
ALABAMA convergent lady beetle and C. maculata fuscilabris were the more impor-
tant of the numerous lady beetles on cotton, grain, vegetables, and in other
situations, They controlled aphids mostly. Convergent lady beetle was fre-
quently encountered and C, maculata was common throughout the growing season in
VIRGINIA.

MELYRID BEETLES (Collops spp.) were some of the most common beneficial insects

in UTAH. Collops spp. kept most cotton pests low in NEVADA and were heavy in
ARIZONA on alfaifa in May in Graham County and on alfalfa, cotton, and sorghum
from mid-June through mid-July in Cochise, Maricopa, and Pinal Counties. Approx-
imately 200 adults of a FLEA BEETLE (Altica carduorum) were released on Canada
thistle in southwestern WISCONSIN. A LEAF BEETLE (Agasicles sp.) in FLORIDA has
now spread by artificial and natural means to all areas where alligatorweed is
located. Control is satisfactory, but results vary. Evaluation continues,

BRACONIDS (Aphidius pulcher and A. smithi) in WASHINGTON heavily parasitized pea
aphid in April east of Umapine, Walla Walla County. Counts averaged 12-20 per
100 sweeps with a maximum of 100+ per 100 sweeps on alfalfa. Aphidius spp.
helped to reduce economic numbers of pea aphid and kept other pea aphid popula-
tions noneconomic in NEVADA. Lysiphlebus testaceipes in OKLAHOMA parasitized
greenbug from late March to late April. Numbers were highest in late April.
Lysiphlebus sp., other braconids, and other beneficial insects in KANSAS even-
tually played a major role in controlling the outbreaks of pea aphid on alfalfa
and of greenbug on sorghum. Losses would have been much higher otherwise.
Braconids, especially L. testaceipes, were the most important parasites of aphids
on. cole crops, cotton, and grain in ALABAMA. Microctonus aethiops was released
and recovered in NEW HAMPSHIRE,

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ICHNEUMON WASPS were some of the most common beneficial insects in UTAH. Dicae-
lotus sp. and Centeterus sp. were reared from pupae of Walshia miscecolorella

(a walshiid moth) collected in 1968 at Lincoln, Lancaster County, NEBRASKA.
Bathyplectes curculionis was reported as a new State record in ARKANSAS. Adults
of B. curculionis were recovered and adults of B. anura were collected in
Montgomery County, VIRGINIA. B. curculionis and B. contracta were released in
NEW HAMPSHIRE. B. curculionis was recovered in this State and from earlier
release sites in VERMONT.

Hymenopterous parasites effectively held most cotton pests at low levels in
NEVADA and controlled up to 50 percent of the aphids in ARKANSAS, especially on
cereal and forage crops, Parasites were active on the warmest days of winter in
Arkansas. A MINUTE EGG PARASITE (Trichogramma minutum) was one of the most
important parasites of bollworm and tobacco budworm eggs in cotton in ALABAMA,

A EULOPHID WASP (Tetrastichus incertus) was recovered from earlier release sites
in VERMONT and was also recovered in NEW HAMPSHIRE.

HONEY BEE (Apis mellifera) in ARIZONA was in better condition in mid-March than
at this period in 1967. Honey production declined markedly throughout UTAH
because of frost-damaged alfalfa blossoms and other flowers. Nearly 3 percent
of the 11,000 colonies inspected in MONTANA were infected with American foul-
brood. The 1968 honey season in KANSAS was near average although dry conditions
in the western area substantially cut some averages. Of 2,240 hives inspected,
125 hives were treated for or destroyed because of American foulbrood and 544
hives in the northern area were found with nosema disease. As of July 1, 1968,
honey bee colonies in ALABAMA were recorded at 91,000, a 5 percent decline from
1967. The 174,000 colonies of 1956 have been declining steadily. Colony condi-
tion in OHIO on July 1 was better than in 1967 but still below average. Most
colonies wintered well. Heavy rains in May and excessive swarming lowered
earlier favorable prospects of honey production, In MICHIGAN the number of
honey bees has increased by nearly 20,000 colonies in the last 4 years. Research
on the pollination requirements of blueberries and cucumbers greatly increased
rental of bees for these crops. Honey bee swarmed throughout RHODE ISLAND on
May 20.

LEAFCUTTING BEES (Megachile spp.) were unusually abundant around ornamentals in
CALIFORNIA, In central and northern NEVADA more reliance was placed on Megachile
rotundata and less on honey bee for pollination of alfalfa. M. rotundata emerged
in IDAHO on June 1 in the Arena Valley near Parma, on June 26 at Jerome (14 days
earlier than in 1967), and on July 1 in Moscow.

ALKALI BEE (Nomia melanderi) adults in OREGON were first seen flying the first
week of June in Umatilla County; very few females were seen. Males were emerg-
ing from their burrows in mid-June in Malheur County. Freshly emerged Zodion
obliquefasciatum (a conopid fly) and Heterostylum robustum (a bee fly) were also
noted. N. nevadensis arizonensis was abundant around Safflower at Yuma, Yuma
County, ARIZONA.

LACEWINGS kept most cotton pests low in NEVADA, Adults in ARIZONA were found all
year on alfalfa in the Salt River Valley, Maricopa County. GREEN LACEWINGS
(Chrysopa spp.) were among the most common beneficial insects in UTAH. Chrysopa
spp. numbers in WYOMING were small and scattered in 1968. All stages of Chrysopa
spp. occurred statewide in MONTANA on crops, ornamentals, and weeds. Green lace-
wings and other beneficial insects eventually played a major role in controlling
outbreaks of pea aphid on alfalfa and of greenbug on sorghum in KANSAS. Losses
would have been much higher otherwise. Lacewings were common but not high
throughout the growing season in IOWA. In ARKANSAS 10-15 Chrysopa spp. adults

in 100 sweeps were present by April 12 on alfalfa; larvae were found on April 19.
In ALABAMA larvae of GOLDEN-EYE LACEWING (C. oculata) were one of the more impor-
tant aphid predators on corn, grain sorghum, cotton, ornamental shade trees, and
vegetables,

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DAMSEL BUGS kept most cotton pests low in NEVADA. Nabis ferus in ARIZONA was
numerous from mid-June through mid-October on alfalfa in Cochise, Graham, and
Pinal Counties; adults were active all year in Maricopa and Yuma Counties. Nabis
alternatus, N. ferus, and other species were some of the most common beneficial
insects in UTAH. Adults and nymphs of Nabis spp. in WYOMING were moderate on
alfalfa throughout the season, Several species were collected on alfalfa through-
out south-central MONTANA. Nabis spp. were common on cotton and alfalfa during
summer in OKLAHOMA and were general predators throughout 1968 in ARKANSAS, where
counts reached 150-200 in 100 sweeps of alfalfa in late May. Nabis spp. ranged
moderate to high in IOWA throughout the growing season,

ANTHOCORID BUGS in WASHINGTON were heavier than usual in infestations of Tetrany-
chus mcdanieli (a spider mite) on apples at Yakima, Yakima County, in August.
BIG-EYED BUGS (Geocoris spp.) and MINUTE PIRATE BUGS kept most cotton pests low
in NEVADA, Geocoris spp. were heavy on alfalfa in ARIZONA from April through
October and on cotton in June in Salt River Valley, Maricopa County; FLOWER BUGS
(Orius spp.) were heavy on alifalfa in May and June in Cochise and Maricopa
Counties, Geocoris spp., Orius tristicolor, and O. insidicsus were some of the
most common beneficial insects in UTAH. Fairly numerous on corn early in the
season,O, insidiosus helped to supress corn leaf aphid in WISCONSIN. In ARKANSAS,
O. insidiosus was the major predator on corn and sorghum, and Geocoris spp. were
the major predators on sunflowers; both were lower than normal on cotton, G,
punctipes and Orius spp. were perhaps the more important Hemiptera in ALABAMA
attacking eggs and larvae of bollworms and tobacco budworms on cotton, corn,
tomatoes, soybeans, and beans. A STINK BUG (Euthyrhynchus floridanus) in FLORIDA
preyed on adults of Diaprepes abbreviatus (West Indian Sugarcane root borer) in
the Apopka area of Orange County during October, but their effect is unknown.

SYRPHID FLIES effectively held most cotton pests at low levels in NEVADA. Larvae
of an unspecified syrphid fly were moderate and fed on aphids infesting barley

in early March and were active in citrus groves in mid-April in the Salt River
Valley in Maricopa County, ARIZONA. Larvae of SARCOPHAGID FLIES on grasshoppers
and of syrphid flies were some of the most common beneficial insects in UTAH.
Syrphid flies were extremely active throughout MONTANA around shrubs, flowers,
and weeds, Larvae of syrphid flies in ALABAMA were among the more important
predators of aphids on corn, grain sorghum, cotton, ornamental shade trees, and
vegetables.

PHYTOSEIID MITES, particularly Typhlodromus spp. and Zetzellia spp., showed
promise in partially controlling phytophagous mites in OREGON, but definite diffi-
culties arose in using integrated mite control in Hood River County. Typhlodromus
sp. controlled Tetranychus mcdanieli in several Wasco County cherry orchards in
August but was not so effective in Jackson County.

Wosor
WEATHER OF THE YEAR 1968_/

Weather conditions in the United States during 1968 were mostly favorable, and
suffering, deaths, and damage from unfavorable weather were generally near
normal, The crop season set a new high in total production, as higher crop
yields tended to offset lower acreages, surpassing last year's record yields per
acre in most instances,

COLD SPELLS: The first half of January was extremely cold in the eastern half
of the conterminous United States. Temperatures fell to 50°F below zero in the
eastern North Dakota and northwestern Minnesota area and to 40°F below in sec-
tions of northern New England with below zero readings as far south as northern
Texas, Arkansas, and Tennessee, and readings in the 20's along the middle gulf.
Temperatures did not rise above O°F during the first 10 days of January in much
of the extreme northern Great Plains. Nantucket Harbour (Massachusetts) froze
over; this previously occurred during the coldest winter of record in the North-
east in 1917 and 1918. Ice conditions in the Chesapeake Bay were the worst
since 1963.

A freeze on April 13 caused damage of several millions of dollars to fruit in
western Oregon. Another late spring freeze caused $1 million damage to fruit in
Ohio on May 6. Severe freezes occurred deep in the Florida Peninsula on
December 15-17, with frosts in the suburbs of Miami. The damage, however,
appears to have been mostly light to citrus and moderate to vegetables, but
severe to some tender vegetables.

HOT SPELLS: Heat waves were less frequent and severe than usual. The most
Significant was hot, humid weather over the Southeast the last week of July and
in most of the Middle Atiantic States the first 25 days of August.

SNOWSTORMS: From January 6 to 8 snowfall of 3 to 20 inches over New England was
blown by 60 m.p.h. winds into drifts that reached 20 feet in some instances,
paralyzing transportation and closing schools in many areas. Many buildings in
Massachusetts collapsed under the weight of snow and ice.

Heavy snow and windblown drifts between January 13 and 16 from the Mississippi
River to the Appalachians delayed transportation, closed schools, and resulted
in over a dozen deaths from overexertion, mostly in the area from the Virginias
to southern Michigan.

Snowstorms that reached blizzard proportions overspread the northern and central
Great Plains, upper Mississippi Valley, and upper Lakes region on December 18-19
and 21-22, Snowfall, reaching depths of 1 to 2 feet in some areas, was blown in
drifts of 5 to locally 20 feet high by strong winds that exceeded 60 m.p.h. in
some areas, Traffic was brought virtually to a standstill in many areas.

HAILSTORMS: These storms were frequent, particularly in the midcontinent, and
total damage appeared to be near normal,

On April 27 hail damage in Marshall and Harrison Counties, Texas, was estimated
at $1,350,000.

Hail up to 4 inches in diameter in Iowa City, Iowa, on May 15 caused property
damage of more than $3,500,000.

The worst hailstorm in 55 years occurred at Oklahoma City and surrounding county
areas on May 23-24; losses from hail, rain, and lightning were placed at $20
million,

T7 Prepared by L.H. Seamon, Climatologist, Environmental Data Service, Environ-
mental Science Service Administration, Washington, D.C.

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Hailstorms caused $1,200,000 damage in Big Spring, Texas, on May 5 and crop
losses of $1 million in the vicinity of Littlefield, Texas, on June 9.

Hail losses of $2.5 million occurred in Lapeer and St. Clair Counties, Michigan,
on July 5.

TORNADOES: Tornadoes were fewer during 1968 than in 1967, but the total number
and loss of life and property were near normal.

On May 15, 37 tornadoes were scattered through 9 States. The most destructive
tornado of the year occurred on this date in Iowa when 13 persons were killed,
450 injured, and property losses were estimated up to $30 million at Charles
City. This storm damaged or destroyed many farmsteads and rural homes along its
path, and .also injured 12 persons and caused $1.5 million property damage in
Elma. Another tornado,also on May 15, passed through Oelwein and Maynard, Iowa,
killing 5 persons, injuring 156, and destroying property estimated at $21
million, most of which occurred in Oelwein,

The worst of 6 tornadoes in Arkansas on May 15 passed through Tuckerman,
Jonesboro, Fairview, and Nettleton, A high school at the latter location was
almost completely destroyed, The storm killed 34 persons, injured 350, and
destroyed 164 homes, Damage was in the millions of dollars, Another tornado
killed 7, injured 24, and caused $500,000 damage at Oil City, Arkansas, on this
date.

Some other tornadoes, less destructive than those already listed included the
following. On April 3, one death, six injuries, and property damage in excess
of $1 million occurred at Paragould, Arkansas. On April 19 a tornado killed 14
persons, injured 270, and damaged or destroyed over 400 homes and 69 business
units in Greenwood, Arkansas, A Kentucky tornado on April 23 passed through
Pendleton, Bracken, and Mason Counties killing 5 persons, injuring 360, and
destroying 200 houses, 3 churches, and 175 barns.

TROPICAL STORMS (HURRICANES): Tropical storm Candy moved inland near Port
Aransas, TexaS, on June 23 with near hurricane force winds, tides 3 to 4 feet
above normal along the coast, and heavy rains from Texas to northern Illinois,
Texas was hardest hit with over $2 million crop damage and $625,000 property
damage.

Hurricane Gladys moved northeastward across the northern portion of the Florida
Peninsula on October 18 and 19. Damage, mainly in the Tampa Bay and Ocala area,
was estimated at $6,700,000. Five- to 8-foot storm tides washed out roads and
destroyed buildings along the miles of beaches from Venice to Cedar Keys, Florida.
However, Gladys' rains greatly benefited North Carolina by relieving droughty
conditions,

DROUGHTS: Prolonged serious droughts were lacking in 1968. However, a few areas
were altected by moderate to locally extreme drought. In western sections of the
central Great Plains precipitation was less than half of normal during the winter
and early spring, resulting in reduced yields of small grains in that area,
Drought was extreme in southern Alabama from late June to August and moderate to
severe in adjacent southern portions of Mississippi and Georgia.

FLOODS: Flash flooding in central Texas resulted from heavy rains on January 18
and 19. Damage was estimated at about $3 million in the San Antonio area, and 5
deaths were reported, On January 5 a flash flood in the Pearl Harbor area on
the Hawaiian island of Oahu caused damage estimated at $2.5 million,

Heavy rains up to 7 inches on March 17 to 19 with snowmelt and breaking up of
river ice in southern New England caused disastrous flocds in southern New
England. Thousands were evacuated from their homes, many thousands of homes

were Seriously damaged, and 32,000 phones were out. Damage was estimated at well
over $100 million,

On April 8 to 10, heavy rains in west-central and northern Louisiana totaling up
to 12,62 inches caused flooding of 80,000 acres and washed out roads and bridges.
Damage near Natchitoches, Louisiana, was estimated near $1 million,

Disastrous floods occurred in New Jersey when up to 7 inches or more of rain fell
on May 28 to 30. Over 2,000 families were evacuated in the State's worst flood

Since 1936, and 7 persons drowned,

Damage was eStimated at $133 million,

Heavy rains during May from Texas and Oklahoma to Ohio and Pennsylvania caused

flooding of many rivers.

Flooding in the Wabash and Ohio River Basins continued

into June, and damage for the two months was estimated at $12 million for the

Wabash and $40 million for the Ohio,

LIST OF CONTRIBUTORS

ALABAMA
H.F. McQueen

ARIZONA
J.E. May

ARKANSAS
W.P. Boyer

CALIFORNIA
R.M. Hawthorne

COLORADO
T.E. Johnson
A.D. Bulla

DELAWARE
P.P, Burbutis
R.W. Lake

FLORIDA
F.W. Mead et al,

HAWAII
G. Funasaki

IDAHO
L.E. O'Keeffe

ILLINOIS
H.B. Petty
R. Randell
R. Meyer

INDIANA
R.T. Huber
R.E. Dolphin

IOWA
G.B. Mast

KANSAS
J.H. Simpson

MARYLAND
J.L. Hellman

MICHIGAN
R.L. Janes et al.

MINNESOTA
R,. Flaskerd

MISSOURI
R.E. Munson
L.L, Peters
A.H. Hagge

MONTANA
R. Pratt

NEBRASKA
D.L. Keith et al.

NEVADA
R.C. Bechtel

NEW HAMPSHIRE
D.W.S. Sutherland

NEW MEXICO
G.L. Nielsen

NORTH DAKOTA
W.J. Brandvik

OHIO
R.I. Rose

OKLAHOMA
D.C. Arnold

OREGON
R.L. Westcott

PENNSYLVANIA
S.G, Gesell

RHODE ISLAND
G. Field

SOUTH DAKOTA
P.A. Jones

TENNESSEE
R.B.

TEXAS

L.R.

UTAH

G.F.

VERMONT

J.W.
G.B.

Included in the "Summary of Insect Conditions in the United States - 1968" are

- 262 -

VIRGINIA

Quillin W.A. Allen

C.B. Dominick

R.N. Hofmaster
Green Coie Haste:

M.L. Bobb
Knowlton WASHINGTON

J.T. Pennell et al.
Scott WISCONSIN
MacCollom M.S. Conrad

WYOMING
A.E. Parshall

the following Special reports:

ibe

The highlights section of Forest Insect Conditions in the
United States - 1968, compiled by the Forest Service, U.S.
Department of Agriculture.

Screw-worm (Cochliomyia hominivorax) Summary compiled by
Animal Health vision, U.S. Department of Agriculture,

The highlights section of the weekly weather summary for
the United States - 1968, compiled by the Environmental
Data Service, U.S. Department of Commerce,

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AGRICULTURAL RESEARCH SERVICE

PLANT PEST CONTROL DIVISION

SURVEY AND DETECTION OPERATIONS

The Cooperative Economic Insect Report is issued
weekly as a service to American Agriculture. Its contents
are compiled from information supplied by cooperating State,
Federal, and industrial entomologists and other agricultural
workers. In releasing this material the Division serves as
a clearing house and doesnot assume responsibility for ac-
curacy of the material.

All reports and inquiries pertaining to this release,
including the mailing list, should be sent to:

Survey and Detection Operations
Plant Pest Control Division
Agricultural Research Service
United States Department of Agriculture
Federal Center Building
Hyattsville, Maryland 20782

Volume 19 April 11, 1969 Number 15

COOPERATIVE ECONOMIC INSECT REPORT

HIGHLIGHTS

Current Conditions

GREENBUG increasing on wheat in Curry, Roosevelt, and Lea Counties, New Mexico.
(p. 265).

BEET LEAFHOPPER heavy on sSugarbeets in Cochise County, Arizona. (p. 265).
ENGLISH GRAIN APHID increased in northwest Arkansas. (p. 265).

BROWN WHEAT MITE damage medium to heavy in wheat in some areas of Roosevelt and
Curry Counties, New Mexico. (p. 266).

NANTUCKET PINE TIP MOTH adults emerging and laying eggs from southern to central
Alabama. (p. 268).

Some First Occurrences of Season

TARNISHED PLANT BUG in Arkansas; SEED-CORN MAGGOT in Maryland; CHANGA in

Florida; ALFALFA WEEVIL larvae in Maryland, Tennessee, and Alabama, and over-
wintering adults in Wyoming; CLOVER HEAD WEEVIL larvae in Alabama; IMPORTED
CABBAGEWORM adults in Oregon; EYE-SPOTTED BUD MOTH overwintering larvae in Oregon,
APPLE APHID nymphs in Virginia; EASTERN TENT CATERPILLER in Alabama; STRAWBERRY
ROOT APHID in Maryland; COMMON CATTLE GRUB adults in Oklahoma; GREEN LACEWINGS,
BIG-EYED BUGS, and DAMSEL BUGS in Arkansas.

Special Reports
An Infestation of Trogoderma glabrum (Herbst) in Cigarettes. (p. 270).

Gypsy Moth Quarantine Map. Centerfold.

=

Reports in this issue are for the week ending April 4 unless otherwise indicated.

- 263 -

- 264 -

CONTENTS
Special Insects of Regional Significance. ......ssccccccecscrcreccccseseceeee e200
Insect Affecting
Small (Grea NS iors sisvelevers © creieeieyeiseecle ele Deciduous Fruits and Nuts........267
Corn, Sorghum, Sugarcane......--.+-266 GaN CUS eveve ney cherie eifov'elieliesele cs) cveleleioleh veer Kop OlG
Turf, Pastures, Rangeland..........266 Smal WOR GUMTSGS! siere «6 <0) eile «1 o/1e'olle)(o) eo) cle aitel2 Olt
Forage LEgumeS...cscccccscccesscesce200 Forest and Shade Trees......-+.+.268
SueanbeetsSiacucl sie creepereiicieciiessl eejereiete eines AO, Man (and An amail's) ssc, 100; 0 « sieve ofelerenopeita Oo
Coe CropSiccelersrete sre iereleieie jelieyetoleheier a erenere > O1t
Beneficial. INSCCCS js ccc, ole ec .0ress 0 oie s\ ej) sie, olielie © oi ellelie/ ee, olje\ieicieleol/elle) sloiere olsvelleloyoheFelalerskeoeRT AOS)
hight Trap Collectdons |... \. sc: «isc ee 010\0) olce/e)e) 6 sicvelele (ele (6 is) o'es01clele ieleilelellsiieleiehevehshelenetenoRto Os
Hawalid TnSect REDO. ciereiee ele a/c (cic) 6.0 ellee\e!e/ 6/0) eliei's io ie ievelier alle) ‘oi eve ei eljo,/e.elefelsusyotoNerellelish Uelenchanenen Mero,
An Infestation of Trogoderma glabrum (Herbst) in CigaretteS....ccccosccccseess2I0

Gypsy Moth Quarantine Map. Centerfold.

WEATHER OF THE WEEK ENDING APRIL 7

HIGHLIGHTS: Most of the Nation warmed considerably last week. Moderate to heavy
Showers occurred over parts of the Central and East early and late in the week.

PRECIPITATION: Widespread sunshine prevailed early last week with only a few
Showers along the northern Pacific coast and in the northern Rocky Mountains.
Light snow flurries occurred from the northern Great Lakes to the Appalachians,
and light snow or freezing drizzle fell in the upper Mississippi River Valley.

At midweek a few Showers and thunderstorms occurred along a cold front that
stretched from Arkansas to New England. Shower activity increased over the
central Great Plains late Thursday and Friday with drizzle and fog extending over
the northern Great Plains to the Canadian border. The weekend brought moderate
to heavy Showers to parts of the Central and South. The first tornadoes of the
season in Missouri caused minor damage but no casualties. Two tornadoes occurred
in Oklahoma. Precipitation totals exceeded an inch from extreme eastern Kansas
to New York, over most of Louisiana, and along the Pacific coast. Only light
sprinkles occurred from the intermountain region to the western edge of the Great
Plains.

TEMPERATURE: Widespread sunshine brought the warmest weather of the season to
much of the Nation. Only the Pacific Coast States and eastern New England averaged
cooler than the previous week. Most of the area from the Rocky Mountains to the
Appalachians averaged 12° or more warmer than last week. Parts of the northern

and central Great Plains averaged 16° to 23° warmer. The western edge of the
northern and central Great Plains averaged 8° to 15° above normal. Temperatures
averaged below normal along the Pacific coast and from Minnesota eastward across
the Great Lakes region to the Northeast. The warm temperatures melted much of

the snow in the northern Great Plains. Streamflow increased and flooding occurred
in low-lying areas and along river bottoms. (Summary supplied by Environmental
Data Service, ESSA.)

- 265 -

SPECIAL INSECTS OF REGIONAL SIGNIFICANCE

ARMY CUTWORM (Chorizagrotis auxiliaris) - WYOMING - Ranged 0-5 per square foot in
10 alfalfa fields in Platte and Goshen Counties. None found in wheat. (Burkhardt).
COLORADO - Larvae on winter wheat in Logan, Sedgwick, and Phillips Counties.

Counts up to 1 per linear foot of drill row. Fourth and fifth instars in western
parts of Logan County. Feeding evidence light. (Johnson). NEBRASKA - Ranged 0-5,
averaged less than 1, per linear foot in 35 wheatfields in Scotts Bluff, Banner,
Morrill, Cheyenne, Kimball, and Deuel Counties. Most larvae half to two-thirds
grown. (Hagen, April 1, 2).

SPOTTED ALFALFA APHID (Therioaphis maculata) - FLORIDA - This species and Acyrtho-
siphon pisum (pea aphid) common on alfalfa at Gainesville, Alachua County.
Population trend not known, partly due to recent cutting which reduced foliage.
(Fla. Coop. Sur.). ARKANSAS - Survey negative in northwest area. (Boyer).

NEW MEXICO - Generally light in alfalfa in Roosevelt and Dona Ana Counties.

(N.M. Coop. Rpt.).

CORN LEAF APHID (Rhopalosiphum maidis) - NEVADA - Heavy, with some yellowing in
20 acres of one variety of barley in field trials at Bunkerville, Clark County.
(Nev. Coop. Rpt.).

GREENBUG (Schizaphis graminum) - ARKANSAS - Very low, ranged 5-10 in 100 sweeps on
wheat in northwest area. (Boyer). OKLAHOMA - Counts per linear foot in wheat by
county as follows: Jackson 70-90; Tillman 100-200; Cotton 150-175; Washita 30-36;
Caddo 5-10; Payne 25; Ellis 1; Alfalfa, Grant, Garfield, Kingfisher, and Bryan
light to absent. (Okla. Coop. Sur.). NEW MEXICO - Increasing on ‘wheat in Curry,
Roosevelt, and Lea Counties. One field at Portales 3,000+ per linear foot; wheat
being killed. Some control applied to irrigated wheat around Clovis. (Mathews

et al.). WYOMING - None found on wheat in Platte and Goshen Counties. (Burkhardt).

BEET LEAFHOPPER (Circulifer tenellus) - ARIZONA - Heavy; many fields of sugarbeets
being treated in Cochise County. Ariz. Coop. Sur.). UTAH - C. tenellus and
Aceratagallia sanguinolenta (clover leafhopper) present in small numbers on
alfileria and young mustard in Curlew Valley, Box Elder County. (Knowlton, Apr.
2). OREGON - Overwintering adults light in eastern Malheur County first week of
April. Averaged 0.08 per square foot in 108 stops. Counts higher in Cow Hollow
area west of Adrian; averaged 0.13 per square foot. Observations made throughout
Bureau of Land Management reseeding, adjacent range, and cropland margins in the
Ontario, Vale, and Nyssa areas. Principal weed hosts include timbermustard,
flixweed, pepperweed, Russian-thistle, and smotherweed. (Larson et al.).

POTATO PSYLLID (Paratrioza cockerelli) - ARIZONA - Moderate to heavy on many citrus
trees in Salt River Valley, Maricopa County. (Ariz; Coop)... Sur.)

SMALL GRAINS

PALE WESTERN CUTWORM (Agrotis orthogonia) - NEBRASKA - Hatch nearly complete
April 1-2; very little injury evident to date in 35 fields in Scotts Bluff,
Banner, Morrill, Cheyenne, Kimball, and Deuel Counties. Activity delayed due to
cool weather. (Hagen). WYOMING - None found in wheat in Goshen and Platte
Counties. (Burkhardt).

SPOTTED CUCUMBER BEETLE (Diabrotica undecimpunctata howardi) - ARIZONA - Moderate
to heavy in barley in Cochise and Graham Counties. (Ariz. Coop. Sur.).

ENGLISH GRAIN APHID (Macrosiphum avenae) - ARKANSAS - Increased, averaged 300-400
in 100 sweeps on wheat in northwest area. (Boyer). MISSISSIPPI - Light on 20
acres of winter wheat in Webster County. (Dinkins).

TARNISHED PLANT BUG (Lygus lineolaris) - ARKANSAS - First adults of season
averaged 12-15 in 100 Sweeps in wheat in northwest areas. (Boyer).

- 266 -

SEED-CORN MAGGOT (Hylemya platura) - MARYLAND - Ranged 7-12 per 25 sweeps in 30
acres of small grain in Dorchester County. (U. Md., Ent. Dept.).

WINTER GRAIN MITE (Penthaleus major) - OKLAHOMA - Averaged 70 per linear foot on
wheat in Cotton County; up to 5 per linear foot in Kingfisher County. (Okla.
Coop. Sur.).

BROWN WHEAT MITE (Petrobia latens) - NEW MEXICO - Damage medium to heavy in some
wheatfields in Rogers area, Roosevelt County, and near Clovis, Curry County.
(Mathews et al.). :

CORN, SORGHUM, SUGARCANE

EUROPEAN CORN BORER (Ostrinia nubilalis) - ILLINOIS - Winter survival quite high.
Some reports of 70-90 percent survival; highest in northern and southern areas.
Gals. Surkw Bull)

TURF, PASTURES, RANGELAND

CHANGA (Scapteriscus vicinus) - FLORIDA - First heavy adult emergence of season
coming to lights at Gainesville, Alachua County. (Fla. Coop. Sur.).

A HARVESTER ANT (Pogonomyrmex owyheei) - UTAH - Active in Curlew Valley range
areas of Box Elder County. (Knowlton, Apr. 2).

FORAGE LEGUMES

ALFALFA WEEVIL (Hypera postica) - MARYLAND - First larvae of season on alfalfa
near Vienna, Dorchester County. Adults in central counties laying eggs. Infesta-
tions extremely light. (U. Md., Ent. Dept.). OHIO - No larvae reported.
(Richter). INDIANA - Egg counts per 100 stems by county: Dearborn 126; Shelby
33; Wayne 29; Tippecanoe 31; and Steuben 94, (Huber, Mar. 12-22), TENNESSEE -
First larvae of season on alfalfa in Hardeman County. Light damage to date.
(Johnson, Locke, Mar. 21). Larval counts 12-14 per square foot in alfalfa in
Loudon and Monroe Counties, (Bennett). ALABAMA - Early instars on burclover,
vetch, and crimson and white clovers in highway plantings in Lee, Macon, and
Montgomery Counties, Heaviest on burclover, with white clovers next. (McQueen) ,
ARKANSAS - Survey negative in northwest area. (Boyer), WYOMING - Overwintering
adults active in Platte and Goshen Counties. (Burkhardt). UTAH - Adult survival
appears high in plant duff at Snowville, Washakie, and Plymouth, Box Elder County.
(Knowlton, Mar. 31),

CLOVER HEAD WEEVIL (Hypera meles) - ALABAMA - Early instars on crimson clover
leaves along highway right-of-way in Lee, Macon, and Montgomery Counties.
(McQueen) .

CLOVER LEAF WEEVIL (Hypera punctata) - OKLAHOMA - Larvae 9 per square yard on
alfalfa in Payne County. (Okla. Coop. Sur.).

PEA APHID (Acyrthosiphon pisum) - ARKANSAS - Little increase, ranged 8-10 per
square foot in vetch and alfalfa in northwest area. (Boyer). OKLAHOMA - Averaged
20 per square yard on alfalfa in Payne County. Light in Washita County. (Okla.
Coop. Sur.). NEW MEXICO - Generally light in alfalfa over State. One field in
Portales area, Roosevelt County, showed heavy damage on seedling alfalfa. (N.M.
Coop. Rpt.).

CONCHUELA (Pitedia ligata) - ARIZONA - Adults averaged 10 per 100 sweeps of
alfalfa at Cottonwood, Yavapai County. (Ariz. Coop. Sur.).

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SUGARBEETS

GREEN PEACH APHID (Myzus persicae) - ARIZONA - Moderate in many fields in Salt
River Valley, Maricopa County. (Ariz. Coop. Sur.).

COLE CROPS

IMPORTED CABBAGEWORM (Pieris rapae) - OREGON - First adult flying April 1 in
Klamath Falls, Klamath County. (Schuh). Several adults observed in northern
Willamette Valley weeks ending March 21 and 28. (Westcott).

DECIDUOUS FRUITS AND NUTS

PEACH TREE BORER (Sanninoidea exitiosa) - FLORIDA - Damaged peach trees in local
areas of Alachua County. Fla. Coop. Rpt.).

LESSER PEACH TREE BORER (Synanthedon pictipes) - FLORIDA - Damaged peach trees in
local areas of Alachua County. (Fla. Coop. Sur.).

EYE-SPOTTED BUD MOTH (Spilonota ocellana) - OREGON - Overwintering larvae on
Italian prune in Dallas area of Polk County March 28. (Brown).

HICKORY SHUCKWORM (Laspeyresia caryana) - ALABAMA - Overwintering larvae maturing
in southern and central counties; Some pupation in old shucks under trees.
Infestations about same as past years. (McQueen).

WHITE PEACH SCALE (Pseudaulacaspis pentagona) - FLORIDA - No living adults on
peach trees at Gainesville, Alachua County; 5-7 percent of eggs unhatched;
crawlers numerous; most nymphs in first sedentary stage; no second sedentary
stage nymphs observed. Collected and determined by L.C. Kuitert March 3. About
60 percent of female scales on peaches at Monticello, Jefferson County, with eggs;
no crawlers or sedentary stages observed. Collected and determined by W.H.
Whitcomb March 24, (Fla. Coop. Sur.).

APPLE APHID (Aphis pomi) - VIRGINIA - First instar nymphs on buds of apple (1-2
per bud) noted in Charlotte County. (Allen).
CITRUS

CALIFORNIA RED SCALE (Aonidiella aurantii) - ARIZONA - Nine infestations in
Glendale area, Maricopa County. (Ariz. Coop. Sur.).

CITRUS THRIPS (Scirtothrips citri) - ARIZONA - Light and general in Salt River
Valley, Maricopa County. (Ariz. Coop. Sur.).

WESTERN FLOWER THRIPS (Frankliniella occidentalis) ARIZONA - Heavy in open
citrus blooms in Salt River Valley, Maricopa County. (Ariz. Coop. Sur.).

MULBERRY WHITEFLY (Tetraleurodes mori) - ARIZONA - Light to moderate on many
citrus trees in Salt River Valley, Maricopa County. (Ariz. Coop. Sur.).
SMALL FRUITS

STRAWBERRY ROOT APHID (Aphis forbesi) - MARYLAND - Light on 0.5 acres of straw-
berries near Mardela Springs, Wicomico County. (U. Md., Ent. Dept.).

BLUEBERRY BUD MITE (Aceria vaccinii) - FLORIDA - All stages on blueberries,
Vaccinium sp., at Melrose, Alachua County. (Kuitert, Mar. 25).

- 268 -

FOREST AND SHADE TREES

NANTUCKET PINE TIP MOTH (Rhyacionia frustrana) - ALABAMA - Adults emerging and
laying eggs from southern areas to central areas. Heavy damage to 3 to 8-foot
loblolly pines along Interstate 85 in Macon and Montgomery Counties. (McQueen).

EASTERN TENT CATERPILLAR (Malacosoma americanum) - ALABAMA - First and second
instars in tents with 25-100 per group in many wild cherry trees and few apples
from gulf coast area through central area. (McQueen).

A WHITEFLY (Tetraleurodes stanfordi) - ARIZONA - Heavy on carob, Ceratonia siliqua,
in Salt River Valley, Maricopa County. (Ariz. Coop. Sur.).

MAN AND ANIMALS

SCREW-WORM (Cochliomyia hominivorax) - Seven cases reported in U.S. March 30 to
April 5 as follows: Texas — Starr 6, Live Oak 1. Total of 170 cases reported in
portion of Barrier Zone in Republic of Mexico March 23-29 as follows: Sonora 60,
Chihuahua 16, Coahuila 1,-Nuevo Leon 8, Tamaulipas 85, Total of 3 cases reported
in Mexico south of Barrier Zone. Barrier Zone is area where eradication operation
underway to prevent establishment of self-sustaining population in U.S. Sterile
screw-worm flies released: Texas 30,368,000; Mexico 118,800,000. (Anim. Health
Dalvie se

CATTLE GRUBS (Hypoderma spp.) - IOWA - H. lineatum (common cattle grub) and H.
bovis (northern cattle grub) averaged 4.4 per head (range 0-17) on 27 head of
native cattle in Butler County; 21 of 27 animals infested. Three H. bovis grubs
and 2 H. lineatum grubs collected. None on six 2-year-old animals in the same
lot. (lowa Ins. Sur.). NORTH DAKOTA - Grub counts on 987 animals showed 11 per-
cent infested; averaged 6.7 grubs per infested animal. Surveys made in Morton,
Stark, Williams, Ward, and Ramsey Counties March 30 to April 3. (Brandvik,
Kaatz). OKLAHOMA - H. lineatum adults annoying cattle in several counties in
north-central, central, South-central, and southwestern areas. (Okla. Coop.
Sur.).

HORN FLY (Haematobia irritans) - OKLAHOMA - Ranged 25-30 per head on cattle in
Payne County. (Okla. Coop. Sur.).

MOSQUITOES - MISSISSIPPI - Highest numbers of adults collected in Hancock County:
Culex salinarius 354, Culiseta inornata 122, Anopheles crucians 122; highest

larval count Cc. restuans 125, (Dinkins) ,

LONG-NOSED CATTLE LOUSE (Linognathus vituli) - IOWA - Light on one lot of beef
cows and one lot of calves in Lucas County April 1. Averaged one per 10 parts
per animal on both lots. One specimen of Solenopotes capillatus collected during
observation of 30 animals. (Iowa Ins. Sur.).

TICKS - OKLAHOMA - Amblyomma americanum (lone star tick) and Dermacentor variabilis

(American dog tick) annoying vacationers in eastern area. In Payne County 25
D. variabilis found on dog. (Okla. Coop. Sur.).

BENEFICIAL INSECTS

DAMSEL BUGS (Nabis spp.) - ARKANSAS - First of season averaged 10-15 in 100 sweeps
in wheat in northwest area. (Boyer).

BIG-EYED BUGS (Geocoris spp.) - ARKANSAS - First adults of season averaged 5-10
in 100 sweeps in wheat in northwest area. (Boyer).

GREEN LACEWINGS (Chrysopa spp.) - ARKANSAS - First of season averaged 5-10 in 100
sweeps in wheat in northwest area. (Boyer).

= 269 -

CONVERGENT LADY BEETLE (Hippodamia convergens) - OKLAHOMA - Adults 1-2 per 10
linear feet of wheat in Southwestern area. Light on wheat and alfalfa in north-
central area. (Okla. Coop. Sur.).

LIGHT TRAP COLLECTIONS

FLORIDA - Gainesville - 3/28-4/3, BL - Beet armyworm (Spodoptera exigua) 2, black
cutworm (Agrotis ipsilon) 1, eranulate cutworm (Feltia subterranea) 15, salt-
marsh caterpillar (Estig mone acrea) 2. MICHIGAN - Livingston County - BL,

4/1-4, 50°-54° F., Fall cankerworm (Alsophila pometaria) 12, green fruitworm
(Lithophane antennata) 2, spring cankerworm (Paleacrita vernata) 8. MISSISSIPPI -
Stoneville - 3/28-4/4, BL, 38°-80° F., precip, .41 — Armyworm (Pseudaletia
unipuncta) 16, black cutworm (Agrotis ipsilon) 4, corn earworm (Heliothis zea) 1,
variegated cutworm (Peridroma Saucia) 10, ye Tlow-striped , armyworm Prodenia
ornithogalli) 2. TEXAS - BrownSville - 3/15- 28, 2BL, 44°-93° F., precip. 0 -
Armyworm 11, biack cutworm 26, cabbage looper (Trichoplusia ni) 5, corn earworm
80, granulate cutworm 7, pale-sided cutworm (A. malefida) 185, eobacce budworm
(Heliothis virescens) 1, tomato hornworm (Manduca quinquemaculata) 2, variegated
cutworm 11, yellow- striped armyworm 1. Waco - 3/27-4/3, BL — Armyworm 42, corn
earworm Genieihie zea) 5, granulate cutworm 9, pink bollworm (Pectinophora
gossypiella) variegated cutworm 60, yellow- -Striped armyworm 1.

HAWAII INSECT REPORT

General Vegetables - All stages of CABBAGE APHID (Brevicoryne brassicae) , DIAMOND-
BACK MOTH (Plutella xylostella), and IMPORTED CABBAGEWORM (Pieris rapae) heavy on
head cabbages on farm at Pearl City, Oahu. Larvae and adults of P. rapae light

in 15 acres of head cabbages at Kula, Maui, elevation 3,000-3,600 feet. (Miyasato,
Miyahira). All stages of BEAN FLY (Melanagromyza phaseoli) medium in 0.25 acre

of seedling snap beans at Omaopio, Maui; elevation 2,300 feet. Damaged about 20
percent of seedlings. (Miyahira). POTATO TUBERWORM (Phthorimaea operculella)
heavy in small eggplant field at Pearl City, Oahu. Over 50 percent of plants
completely damaged. (Funasaki).

Fruits and Nuts - Early instars of LARGE MANGO TIP BORER (Bombotelia jocosatrix)
medium on terminal foliage of several young mango trees in Hawaii Kai area of
Honolulu, Oahu. Generally trace on mango foliage in other areas on Oahu.
(Nakao). COCONUT SCALE (Aspidiotus destructor) infestations remain light to heavy
On coconut trees in various areaS on Oahu. However, pruning of heavily infested
fronds in many localities minimized spread to uninfested trees. Heavily infested
banana and mountain-apple foliage at Pearl City and Halawa, respectively, also
pruned although larvae of LADY BEETLES (Telsimia nitida and Lindorus lophanthae)
numerous on foliage. (Funasaki). ORIENTAL FRUIT FLY (Dacus dorsalis) heavy in
fallen fruits of false kamani, mockorange, and guava along windward coastal areas
on Oahu. Parasites, mostly Opius oophilus (a braconid) emerged from 90 percent
of pupae from mockorange, a thin-skinned host. Parasitism not as high from
kamani and guava fruits. (Wong).

Ornamentals - CROTON CATERPILLAR (Achaea janata) generally light to medium and
damaging Some croton hedges in widely Scattered areas in Kaneohe, Halawa, and Koko
Head, Oahu. Plants recovering in Lanikai where 98 percent of A. janata eggs
parasitized by Trichogramma semifumatum (a minute egg parasite). GREEN SCALE
(Coccus viridis) medium to heavy on many gardenia plants in Kaneohe, Oahu.

Scales on some plants heavily infested with fungus disease. Sooty mold on leaves
conspicuous on plants with heavy scale infestations. (Shinbara).

Miscellaneous Insects - Intensive survey of grassy areas at Hickam Air Force Base,
Oahu, revealed trace to light numbers of a GRASSHOPPER (Oedaleus abruptus) in 3
small, separate areas. One adult found at focal point, and 6 adults and one

nymph found in 2 puber areas. Spray operations and surveillance continuing.
(Olson).

- 270 -

An Infestation of Trogoderma glabrum (Herbst) in Cigarettes
iW. Pleteher; - D.P. Childs, and J3Ss Longl/

A review of the literature on the biology and habits of a dermestid, Trogoderma
glabrum, indicates that it is a pest on wheat, corn, cereal products, and dried
milk. Epidemic infestations on wheat by this species were reported by White and
McGregor (1957). They found that T. glabrum was able to develop and maintain
large populations in stored wheat and shelled corn at about the same magnitude
its close relative the khapra beetle, T. granarium Everts, had in stored barley
and grain sorghum in Arizona and California during 1955 and 1956, Laudani (1961),
in a review of the life histories of some of the important dermestid species,
stated that T. glabrum was a serious pest of dry milk plants.

Recently, a pack of cigarettes was found heavily infested with T. glabrum. Spec-
imens were identified by J.M. Kingsolver, Federal taxonomist. The cigarettes
were manufactured in Virginia and sold in Pennsylvania. The source of the infest-
ation could not be determined, The outside wrapper contained a few insect holes.
Since the holes could not be identified as entrance or exit, it was impossible to
determine whether the infestation occurred before or after the container was
sealed, A review of the literature indicates that T. glabrum has not been known
to infest packs of cigarettes. Presence of T. glabrum in Other products, however,
has been reported from Virginia and Pennsylvania.

References cited
Laudani, H. 1961. Biology and habits of dermestids. Pest Contol 29(10) :58-61.

White, G.D., and McGregor, H.E, 1957. Epidemic infestations of wheat by a
dermestid, Trogoderma glabrum (Herbst). J. Econ, Ent. 50(4) :382-385,

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Coop. Econ, Ins. Rpt.

1/ Market Quality Research Division, ARS, U.S, Dept. Agr. 19(15) :270, 1969

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AGRICULTURAL RESEARCH SERVICE

PLANT PEST CONTROL DIVISION

SURVEY AND DETECTION OPERATIONS

The Cooperative Economic Insect Report is issued
weekly as a service to American Agriculture. Its contents
are compiled from information supplied by cooperating State,
Federal, and industrial entomologists and other agricultural
workers. In releasing this material the Division serves as
a clearing house and doesnot assume responsibility for ac-
curacy of the material.

All reports and inquiries pertaining to this release,
including the mailing list, should be sent to;

Survey and Detection Operations
Plant Pest Control Division
Agricultural Research Service
United States Department of Agriculture
Federal Center Building
Hyattsville, Maryland 20782

Volume 16 April 18, 1969 Number 16
COOPERATIVE ECONOMIC INSECT REPORT
HIGHLIGHTS

Current Conditions

EUROPEAN CORN BORER overwintering survival in stubble from Dane County to Portage
County ranged 92 to 96 percent in Wisconsin. (p. 274).

GREENBUG damage increasing in Childress County and damage reported in some
northern panhandle counties in Texas. (p. 274).

PALE WESTERN CUTWORM damage appearing in Cheyenne County, Nebraska. (p. 275).

EGYPTIAN ALFALFA WEEVIL larvae increasing in alfalfa in Salt River Valley,
Arizona. (p. 276).

ROCKY MOUNTAIN WOOD TICK causing severe outbreak of tick paralysis on 100
yearling steers in Nez Perce County, Idaho. (p. 281).

A WHITE-FRINGED BEETLE damaged about 66 percent of young watermelon seedlings in
40-acre field in Washington County, Florida. (p. 283).

Detection

A MUSCID FLY reported for the first time from Hawaii. This species not
© known to occur in the continental United States. This is a new Western
Hemisphere record. (p. 283).

Other new State and county records on page 284.

Some First Occurrences of Season

ASTER LEAFHOPPER in Florida, POTATO LEAFHOPPER in Illinois, TOBACCO BUDWORM in
Alabama. ALFALFA WEEVIL larvae in Texas, Delaware, Virginia, Ohio, and Arkansas;
eggs in Nevada; adults in Oregon and Indiana. ALFALFA LOOPER adults in Oregon,
PEAR PSYLLA adults in Connecticut, EASTERN TENT CATERPILLAR in Oklahoma and
Virginia, STABLE FLY adults in Nebraska, AMERICAN DOG TICK adults in Maryland,
NORTHERN HOUSE MOSQUITO adults in Washington. :

Forecasts

Second BEET LEAFHOPPER survey in desert breeding areas indicates leafhopper
migrations northward remain light to moderate. (p. 273).

POTATO PSYLLID survey of spring breeding areas of Arizona and California indicates
a light to moderate potential this season. (p. 273).

SPRING CANKERWORM defoliation expected to be higher and infestation will be more
widespread in Minnesota this season. (p. 280).
Special Reports

An Insect Cage Constructed with Aluminum Screen Extrusion Stock. (pp. 285-286).

Reports in this issue are for week ending April 11 unless otherwise indicated.

= 271 =

ra PAPA

CONTENTS
Special Insects of Regional Significance... ...ccccccccccrcccrcsesecvesssesseserla
Insects Affecting
Corn, Sorghum, Sugarcane...........274 Deciduous Fruits and Nuts........278
Small GrainsS........+.0.: aietissaivel seen oor tlso CL CLUS isa. Bouddddoonlonoooddodoo0odS
Turf, Pastures, Rangeland..........279 SSikewhal pe bbtin=5 a5 Siding omic om ODO OC OCU!
Forage Legumes........... aie tonotelelel eters 240 Ornamentals......-..e- Gdboda060 0 I-A)
SUPA DECES crs fo ekekellolenetetaic ofa lovatasshel snoforslettCleall Forest and Shade Trees...........280
Potatoes, Tomatoes, Peppers........277 Man and AnimalS.......e+eeeeseee+200
GUGUT DALES store eve) ohere ret oretoienei eter sel nelioPonewaren 10K, Households and Structures........281

General VegetableS........-ece0e0e0200 Stored ProductS....ccecccccsccecss.saoe

Federal and State Plant Protection Programs..........c0.6 eo cid dunodiowa Saielelekarere oe
Hawaii Insect) REDON tiec sie sicvekescropel citer as\sloievolle lovehodetcl eile slel aiclio\eusesratle\epeleuello fella) eile) ol syeheliey sRelMeh MeN aS
INSECHt Detectionijereerec cic ache ostieters cto mie rel eiletone ote cielo cletalsva tae ciarellcteiloereneiteteuotencneteKehet ene RoReRL Oe
(opuroimionisoacoopoUGnooNG coup UOU OOO OU Gad BGO nO OO UOC OUUU UOC CODD d0.0,0-0000000000000834
Light: Trap Collect ionsie cnc. cj speyaterote) eee eilehsueve)ejlous, eieheresevorcleneterete siene) hokevevelcveh sleeve steherReRTe Cc
An Insect Cage Constructed with Aluminum Screen Extrusion Stock......+e-+c+ee++e280

WEATHER OF THE WEEK ENDING APRIL 14

HIGHLIGHTS: Warm weather over the northern Great Plains melted the snow rapidly
Causing extensive flooding. Heavy thunderstorms over the weekend caused consider-
able flooding in southern and southeastern Texas and in much of Mississippi.

PRECIPITATION: Heavy rains early in the week combined with the snowmelt to send
the tributaries of the middle Missouri and upper Mississippi to near or above
previous record stages. Torrential downpours fell from southeastern Kansas to
southern Illinois on Tuesday and Wednesday. Hail and violent windstorms occurred
across the Central States on Wednesday afternoon and evening. Thursday was
comparatively calm. Friday and the weekend brought more severe weather, violent
thunderstorms and a few tornadoes, to the Deep South. Several persons were
injured; no tornado deaths were reported; damages were estimated to exceed
$100,000. Light snow fell in the Rockies in Wyoming and above 8,000 feet in
Arizona. Widespread showers occurred over much of the East over the weekend.

TEMPERATURE: The warming trend continued over most of the Nation for the second
consecutive week. Afternoon temperatures reached the 80's over the southern Great
Plains early in the week and the 60's and 70's in the northern and central Great
Plains by Sunday. Almost the entire Nation averaged warmer than seasonal. (Summary
supplied by Environmental Data Service, ESSA.)

= 273 =

SPECIAL INSECTS OF REGIONAL SIGNIFICANCE

Second Beet Leafhopper Survey in Desert Areas of Central Arizona,
Southeastern California, Southern Nevada, and Southern Utah — 1969

The second beet leafhopper (Circulifer tenellus) survey was conducted in desert
‘spring-breeding areas March 26-30. Host plants were generally more stressed than
at the time of the first survey. Lack of appreciable moisture coupled with winds
stunted and dried many desert plants. This condition prevailed throughout most of
the area regularly surveyed. Therefore, the survey was limited to that area south
of the 34th parallel. The outlook for beet leafhopper migrations northward remains
light to moderate. (PPC West. Reg.). For results of preliminary survey see CEIR
19(11):171.

Potato Psyllid Survey, Spring Breeding Areas of Arizona and California - 1969

The 1969 spring survey for potato psyllid (Paratrioza cockerelli) in the over-
wintering areas of Arizona and California was conducted March 18-22. Wild Lycium
spp. over much of the area was defoliated or otherwise showed signs of stress,
probably due to lack of moisture. Immature psyllids were numerous at some loca-
tions between Blythe and Needles in California.

Comparison of average populations per 100 sweeps on overwintering hosts found
during spring surveys from 1962 through 1969 are as follows:

State District 1969 1968 1967 1966 1965 1964 1963 1962
Arizona Tucson, Phoenix 407 214 34 73 508 158 715 2236
California Blythe, Barstow 167 120 8 228 87 100 185 909

Results of the survey indicate a light to moderate migration potential this
season. (PPC West. Reg.).

ARMY CUTWORM (Chorizagrotis auxiliaris) - KANSAS - Averaged less than 1 per linear
row foot on wheat in Haskell, Grant, Stanton, Greeley, Wallace, and Thomas
Counties. None found in Ford, Gray, Hamilton, Lane, Gove, Logan, Scott, Wichita,
Sherman, McPherson, Reno, and Stafford Counties. (Redding, Simpson, Apr. 4).
Currently trace to 1 per square foot on wheat in Pawnee, Hodgeman, Finney, Kearny,
Grant, Hamilton, Greeley, Wallace, and Logan Counties. (Brooks, Simpson).

COLORADO - Larvae 0 to 3 per linear foot of drill row on wheat in northeastern and
east-central areas. Counts very light compared to last year and feeding very light
to date. (Johnson et al.). WYOMING - Larvae 0 to 2 (averaged 0.2) per square foot
on Crook County alfalfa. Ranged 0-4 (averaged 0.5) per linear foot on wheat at
Yoder and Veteran, Goshen County. Scattered and light in Bordeaux and Slater
areas, Platte County. (Parshall). UTAH - This species and other cutworm larvae
light in alfalfa and rangeland in Curlew Valley, Box Elder County. (Knowlton,

Apr. 4).

ASTER LEAFHOPPER (Macrosteles fascifrons) - FLORIDA - One adult in 100 sweeps of
oats, none in 200 Sweeps of rye and 100 sweeps of wheat at Gainesville, Alachua
County. (Mead). Should peak in May. (Fla. Coop. Sur.). WISCONSIN - Absent in
all rye fields swept in central part of State. (Wis. Ins. Sur.).

BEET LEAFHOPPER (Circulifer tenellus) - UTAH - Present on ErysSimum repanda west
of Snowville, Box Elder County; 1 in 300 sweeps. (Knowlton, Apr. 1T).

CORN EARWORM (Heliothis zea) - WASHINGTON - Less than 5 percent survival of over-
wintering pupae in Wapato area, Yakima County. (Foiles, Landis, Apr. 4).

- 274 -

CORN LEAF APHID (Rhopalosiphum maidis) - ARIZONA - Systemics applied to late-
planted barley in conjunction with greenbug control at Yuma, Yuma County.
(McHenry). NEVADA - Medium to heavy with honeydew on barley in Moapa and Virgin
Valleys, Clark County. (Yamashita, Zoller).

GREENBUG (Schizaphis graminum) - CALIFORNIA - Medium on barley at Coalinga and
Huron, Fresno County. (Cal. Coop. Rpt.). NEVADA - Variable, spotted, light
populations on barley in Moapa and Virgin Valleys, Clark County. (Yamashita,
Zoller). ARIZONA - Averaged 250 per linear foot in 40 acres of 18-inch barley
in Perryville area, Maricopa County. Systemics applied to late-planted barley
at Yuma, Yuma County. (Ariz. Coop. Sur.). NEW MEXICO - Averaged 5-30 per
linear foot in barley near Carlsbad, Eddy County. (Mathews). Very light in 2
fields in Southern Dona Ana County. (Elson). COLORADO - Appearing in Baca
County. (Ball). NEBRASKA - One specimen in suction trap at Lincoln, Lancaster
County. (Pruess). KANSAS - None found in wheat in Ford, Gray, Haskell, Grant,
Stanton, Hamilton, Lane, Gove, Greeley, Wallace, Logan, Scott, Wichita, Sherman,
Thomas, McPherson, Reno, and Stafford Counties. (Redding, Simpson, Apr. 4).
Currently ranged 1-10 per linear row foot in wheat in Montgomery County. None
found in Labette County. (Redding). None found in wheat in Pawnee, Hodgeman,
Finney, Kearny, Grant, Hamilton, Greeley, Wallace, and Logan Counties. (Brooks,
Simpson). OKLAHOMA - Counts per linear foot in wheat ranged 100-200 in Washita
County, 80-100 in Jackson County, and averaged 70 in Stephens County. Moderate
to heavy in Bryan, Grady, and Cotton Counties; light in Garvin and Cleveland
Counties. (Okla. Coop. Sur.). TEXAS - Damaging in some northern panhandle
counties; wheat generally good. Greenbug fairly well under control. Some wheat
Sprayed. Causing heavy damage in Knox, Wilbarger, Cottle, King, Motley, Foard,
Jones (Hamilin area), and Wichita Counties. Damage increasing in Childress
County and on late-planted wheat in Archer County. (Boring). ARKANSAS -
Increased in northwest area, but still relatively low; 200-300 in 100 sweeps.
About one-third parasitized. (Boyer).

POTATO LEAFHOPPER (Empoasca fabae) - ILLINOIS - Appeared first time this year in
alfalfa in southern half of State. (I1l. Ins. Rpt.).

POTATO PSYLLID (Paratrioza cockerelli) - ARIZONA - Very light in fields checked.
Control results excellent in Salt River Valley, Maricopa County. (Ariz. Coop.
Sur.).

SPOTTED ALFALFA APHID (Therioaphis maculata) - TEXAS - Light to moderate on
alfalfa in Wilbarger County. (Boring). NEW MEXICO - This species and Acyrtho-
siphon pisum (pea aphid) mostly light in alfalfa throughout southern counties,
(Mathews, Elson). NEVADA - T. maculata medium on alfalfa in Moapa Valley, Clark
County. Some parasitized. (Yamashita, Zoller).

TOBACCO BUDWORM (Heliothis virescens) - ALABAMA - First adults of season observed
on potatoes in Mobile County. Egg laying for first generation should occur on
clovers and vetches. (Seibels et al.).

CORN, SORGHUM, SUGARCANE

EUROPEAN CORN BORER (Ostrinia nubilalis) - DELAWARE - Pupation about 4 percent in
Sussex County; none noted in New Castle and Kent Counties. (Burbutis). INDIANA -
Spring survey of cornstalks made to determine prepupal population levels. Counts
averaged 1 live prepupa per 5.8 feet of stalk in Marion County, 6.3 feet in
Tippecanoe County, and 7.2 feet in La Porte County. Cornstalk segments averaged
1.63 feet in length; 150 segments sampled per area. (Huber, Apr. 4). ILLINOIS -
Surveys indicate survival higher than normal in most areas. Percent Survival by
district as follows: Northwest 77, northeast 78,' west 73, central 64, east 72,
west-southwest 80, east-southeast 77, southwest 95, southeast 77. State average
82. (Ill. Ins. Rpt.). WISCONSIN - Overwintering survival very high. Stubble
examination from Dane County to Portage County ranged 92 percent to 96 percent.
Bird predation less than former years. (Wis. Ins. Sur.).

- 275 -

BLACK CUTWORM (Agrotis ipsilon) - FLORIDA - Damaged 2l-acre field of 3 to 4-inch
sweet corn; required replanting. Severe spotty damage on 6-inch corn near Island
Grove, Alachua County. Determined by D.H. Habeck. (Fla. Coop. Sur.).

SMALL GRAINS

PALE WESTERN CUTWORM (Agrotis orthogonia) - WYOMING - Ranged 0-2 (averaged 0.4)
per linear foot on wheat at Yoder and Veteran areas, Goshen County. Total of 2
larvae in 6 wheatfields at Slater and Bordeaux areas, Platte County. (Parshall).
COLORADO - Larvae O-6 per linear foot on wheat in northeastern area, 0-2 in east-
central area. Most larvae second instar, some third and fourth instars found in
Arapahoe County. Wheat in east-central area hit hard by disease and lack of

moisture; high cutworm population could cause much damage. (Pilcher et al.).
NEBRASKA - Ranged 10-12 and 8-10 per linear foot checked in Chase and Perkins
Counties, respectively. (Andersen, Hendrix). Damage appearing in Cheyenne

County. (Liljegren). KANSAS - No larvae found in wheat in Ford, Gray, Haskell,
Grant, Stanton, Hamilton, Lane, Gove, Greeley, Wallace, Logan, Scott, Wichita,
Sherman, and Thomas Counties. (Redding, Apr. 4).

ENGLISH GRAIN APHID (MacroSiphum avenae) -—- CALIFORNIA - Medium on barley at
Coalinga and Huron, Fresno County. (Cal. Coop. Rpt.). ARIZONA - Averaged 140
per linear row foot of barley in Several fields near Buckeye, Maricopa County.
(Ariz. Coop. Sur.). ARKANSAS - Increased in northwest area; 300-400 in 100
sweeps. About 40 percent parasitized. (Boyer). FLORIDA - All stages light on
rye, wheat, and oats at Gainesville, Alachua County. (Mead).

AN APHID (Rhopalosiphum padi) - CALIFORNIA - Medium on barley at Coalinga and
Huron, Fresno County. (Cal. Coop. Rpt.).

LEAFHOPPERS - FLORIDA - Graminella nigrifrons adults 5 per 100 sweeps of oats, 3
per 100 sweeps of wheat, 1 per 200 Sweeps of rye at Gainesville, Alachua County.
Homalodisca insolita averaged 1 per 100 sweeps of rye, wheat, and oats at
Gainesville. (Mead).

STINK BUGS - FLORIDA - EuSchistus servus (brown stink bug) adults 10 in 200 sweeps
of maturing rye, but 1 per 100 sweeps on nearby oats and wheat at Gainesville,
Alachua County. Nezara viridula (southern green stink bug) adults 16 in 200
sweeps of maturing rye and averaged 1 per 100 sweeps on nearby oats and wheat at
Gainesville. (Mead).

WINTER GRAIN MITE (Penthaleus major) - KANSAS - Ranged 2-6 per linear foot of row
in wheat in Labette County. (Redding).

BROWN WHEAT MITE (Petrobia latens) - COLORADO - Light in wheat in northeastern and
east-central areas. No damage evident. (Johnson).

THRIPS - FLORIDA - Frankliniella bispinosa and Haplothrips graminis adults

abundant and increaSing on rye, wheat, and oatS at Gainesville, Alachua County.
F. bispinosa dominant. (Mead).

TURF, PASTURES, RANGELAND

A BILLBUG (Sphenophorus venatus vesStitus) - CALIFORNIA - Adults of this and
SphenophoruS phoeniciensis light in lawn turf at Anaheim, Orange County. (Cal.
Cooprmkptar

SAY STINK BUG (Pitedia sayi) - NEVADA - Adults medium on range plants, especially
Stanleya sp., in Clark County. (Yamashita).

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FORAGE LEGUMES

ALFALFA WEEVIL (Hypera postica) - OREGON - Overwintering adults averaged 6 per 10
sweeps in 8 to 10-inch alfalfa on Kiger Island, Benton County, April 8. Dissec-
tions of female weevils revealed only small numbers of mature eggs. (Westcott).
NEVADA - Newly laid to ready-to-hatch eggs at Fallon area, Churchill County.
(Bechtel, Martinelli). UTAH - Active at Tremonton, Box Elder County, and in
Millard County alfalfa. (Knowlton, Apr. 7). SOUTH DAKOTA - No adults on sticky-
board traps in place through winter near Spearfish, Lawrence County. (Jones,

Apr. 4). TEXAS - Detected in Brazos County for first time. Recent surveys
revealed low numbers in alfalfa and wild clover in Mumford area and along

Navasota River Bottom. Tentative determination of Specimens from Grimes and
Wharton Counties by H.R. Burke indicates H. postica may be more widely distributed.
(Board, Green). ARKANSAS - Larvae appeared on alfalfa in extreme northeast area,
survey negative in northwest. (Boyer). TENNESSEE - Feeding damage general in
alfalfa field at Delrose, Lincoln County; controls planned. (Winsett). MISSOURI -
First larvae of season observed in Pemiscot County; first and second instars
averaged 25 per 10 sweeps on alfalfa. (Jones). INDIANA - Adults active and laying
eggs in south-central district. No larvae April 2. (Hintz). OHIO - First larvae
of season in Ross County April 8. (Muntzing). Hatch expected throughout southern
area by April 18 if warm weather prevails. (Niemczyk). VIRGINIA - Few larvae
noted in scattered locations in Botetourt County. Adults 7 per 100 sweeps. (Allen,
Apr. 10). Second instars 3-4 per stem in Hanover County. (Innes, Apr. 8).
DELAWARE - First and second instars very light, averaged 2-10 per 100 stalks of
alfalfa throughout State. (Burbutis). NEW JERSEY - No eggs, larvae, or adults
found on alfalfa in several fields in Gloucester, Salem, and Cumberland Counties.
(Ins.-Dis. Newsltr.).

EGYPTIAN ALFALFA WEEVIL (Hypera brunneipennis) - ARIZONA - Ranged 50-100 per 100
sweeps of alfalfa at Yuma, Yuma County. Averaged 1,000 larvae per 100 sweeps in
Salt River Valley, Maricopa County. (Ariz. Coop. Sur.).

CLOVER LEAF WEEVIL (Hypera punctata) - ILLINOIS - Averaged 15 larvae per square
foot in southern areas first week in April. (Ill. Ins. Rpt.). MARYLAND - Larval
injury noticeable to red clover at Fairland, Prince Georges County. Larvae active
in 30 acres of alfalfa near Cambridge, Dorchester County. (U. Md., Ent. Dept.).

PEA APHID (Acrythosiphon pisum) - NEVADA - Generally light to medium on alfalfa in
Moapa Valley, Clark County; building up rapidly. (Yamashita, Zoller). ARIZONA -
Moderate to heavy on alfalfa at Safford, Graham County. Average per 100 Sweeps
of alfalfa as follows: 100 in Salt River Valley, Maricopa County; 2,000 at Yuma,
Yuma County. (Ariz. Coop. Sur.). TEXAS - Large numbers detected on alfalfa in
Wilbarger County. (Boring). OKLAHOMA - Moderate to heavy in alfalfa in Grady
County, light to moderate in Washita County, and light in Garvin County. (Okla.
Coop. Sur.). ARKANSAS - Increasing on Pulaski County crimson clover; 700-800 in
100 sweeps. Similar numbers on Washington County alfalfa. (Boyer). KANSAS -
None found in alfalfa in Saline, McPherson, Reno, and Pratt Counties. (Simpson,
Apr. 4). Currently ranged 25-100 per 10 sweeps in alfalfa in Montgomery County;
5-40 per 10 sweeps in Labette County. None found in Barton County. (Redding).
MISSOURI - Averaged 300 per 10 sweeps on alfalfa in Pemiscot County. (Jones).
WISCONSIN - Eggs apparently hatched April 6; most in second instar. Noted as far
north as Marquette County. Unhatched eggs still present and one third instar
nymph found. Alfalfa ranged 1-2 inches high. (Wis. Ins. Sur.).

GREEN PEACH APHID (Myzus persicae) - NEVADA - Light to medium on alfalfa in Moapa
Valley, Clark County. (Yamashita, Zoller).

TARNISHED PLANT BUG (Lygus lineolaris) - OHIO - Overwintering adults active in
southern area since third week of March. Common in nearly every field of forage
crops in southeast area. Adults averaged 4-5 per 100 sweeps. (Treece).

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LYGUS BUGS (Lygus spp.) - ARIZONA - Increasing in alfalfa in Salt River Valley,
Maricopa County; up to 50 per 100 sweeps. Ranged 30-40 per 100 sweeps at Safford,
Graham County. (Ariz. Coop. Sur.).

SAY STINK BUG (Pitedia sayi) - ARIZONA - Ranged 20-40 per 100 sweeps of alfalfa
at Safford, Graham County. (Ariz. Coop. Sur.).

THREE-CORNERED ALFALFA HOPPER (Spissistilus festinus) - ARIZONA - Ranged 30-100
per 100 sweeps of alfalfa at Safford, Graham County. Averaged 10 per 100 sweeps
in Salt River Valley, Maricopa County. (Ariz. Coop. Sur.). NEW MEXICO - Averaged
4-18 per 50 sweeps in southern Dona Ana County alfalfa. (Elson).

A SPOTTED CUCUMBER BEETLE (Diabrotica undecimpunctata tenella) - NEW MEXICO -
Light, minor injury to alfalfa in Albuquerque, Bernalillo County. (Heninger).
Averaged 2-6 per 25 sweeps in southern Dona Ana County alfalfa. (Elson).

ALFALFA LOOPER (Autographa californica) - OREGON - First adults noted in light
trap April 6 in Medford, Jackson County. (Gentner).

SUGARBEETS
WIREWORMS - WASHINGTON - Limonius canus (Pacific Coast wireworm) adults in flight

at Quincy, Grant County, March 25. Limonius californicus (sugar-beet wireworm)
in flight at Toppenish, Yakima County, March 28. (Foiles, Landis).

MISCELLANEOUS FIELD CROPS

GREEN PEACH APHID (Myzus persicae) - ARIZONA - Light on safflower at Yuma, Yuma
County. (Ariz. Coop. Sur.).

WESTERN FLOWER THRIPS (Frankliniella occidentalis) - ARIZONA - Averaged 400 per

100 sweeps of 18-inch safflower plantS in Salt River Valley, Maricopa County.
(Ariz. Coop. Sur.).

POTATOES, TOMATOES, PEPPERS

GREEN PEACH APHID (Myzus persicae) - ARIZONA - Moderate to heavy in few fields
of potatoes in Salt River Valley, Maricopa County. (Ariz. Coop. Sur.).

POTATO TUBERWORM (Phthorimaea operculella) - ALABAMA - Survey of several thousand
plants in numerous fields and few old potatoes near packing sheds in Mobile,
Escambia, and Baldwin Counties negative for larvae and moths. (Deakle et al.).
CUCURBITS

MELON APHID (Aphis gossypii) - ARIZONA - Treatments required on cantaloups at
Yuma, Yuma County. (Ariz. Coop. Sur.).

GENERAL VEGETABLES

CABBAGE LOOPER (Trichoplusia ni) - ARIZONA - No buildup occurred as in 1968, but
some fields required treatment in Yuma County. (Ariz. Coop. Sur.).

GREEN PEACH APHID (Myzus persicae) - ARIZONA - Treatments applied to few lettuce
fields in Wellton and Dome area, Yuma County. (Ariz Coop. sur.)

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DECIDUOUS FRUITS AND NUTS

PLUM CURCULIO (Conotrachelus nenuphar) - ALABAMA - Overwintered adults emerged in
south to central areas and as far north as Montgomery County; laying eggs in
small plums, especially wild plums, on roadsides and field borders. (McQueen) ,

LESSER PEACH TREE BORER (Synanthedon pictipes) - ALABAMA - Adults of this and
Sanninoidea exitiosa (peach tree borer) emerging in peach, cherry laurel, and
other fruit and ornamentals at Atmore, Escambia County. Should emerge next 7-10
days farther north. (Knowles et al.).

PECAN NUT CASEBEARER (Acrobasis caryae) - ALABAMA - Overwintered larvae active and
feeding on opening buds of early pecans in Escambia, Mobile, and other far south
counties. None in Dallas and Montgomery Counties. (Knowles et al.),

PEAR PSYLLA (Psylla pyricola) - OREGON - Hatch begun. Appears lowest in many
years in unsprayed Jackson County orchards. (Gentner), WASHINGTON - Eggs first
noted at Tieton, Yakima County, March 21; controls applied March 11-21. Nymphs
at west Wapato, Yakima County, April 2. (Johnson, Wade). IDAHO - Egg laying
began in most of Payette County week ending March 21. (Homan), CONNECTICUT -
Adults active in most of State. Eggs at Storrs, Tolland County. Egg laying will
increase rapidly if warm weather continues. (Kollas, Apr. 8).

SAN JOSE SCALE (Aspidiotus perniciosus) - CALIFORNIA - Unusually heavy in 3-acre
pear orchard at Paso Robles, San Luis Obispo County. (Cal. Coop. Rpt., Apr. 4).
IDAHO - Infested many Canyon and Payette County orchards this spring. (Homan),

APPLE APHID (Aphis pomi) - VIRGINIA - Hatched in Carroll, Montgomery, and
Botetourt Counties; counts spotty, ranged up to 30 per bud. Generally less than
1 per bud. (Allen), MARYLAND - Hatching and feeding, ranged 6-8 per 20 buds,
on new apple foliage at Fairland, Montgomery County. (U. Md., Ent. Dept.).

WESTERN DRYWOOD TERMITE (Incisitermes minor) - CALIFORNIA - Medium in almond trees
in 40-acre orchard at Zamora, Yolo County. (Cal. Coop. Rpt.).

EUROPEAN RED MITE (Panonychus ulmi) - IDAHO - Hatch began on south side of fruit
trees in Canyon and Owyhee County orchards week ending March 21. Overwintering
eggs in most orchards fewer than in past years. (Homan). VIRGINIA - Hatched in
Carroll County, less than 1 per bud. (Allen), MARYLAND - Eggs moderate on
BL aks at Fairland, Montgomery County; no hatch observed. (U. Md., Ent.
Dept.).

A SPIDER MITE (Tetranychus mcdanieli) - WASHINGTON - Overwintering adults
extremely low at Wenatchee, Chelan County. Some predators fairly high. (Hoyt,
Apr. 4). IDAHO - Overwintering adults had not moved up into apple trees in
Canyon and Payette County orchards week ending March 21. (Homan).

A FRUIT-TREE MITE (Bryobia rubrioculus) - ARIZONA - Heavy on apple tree buds at
Sedona, Yavapai County. Determined by Da Tuttle.) | (Ariz. Coops Sunk)

CITRUS

Citrus Insect Situation in Florida - End of March - CITRUS RUST MITE

(Phyl locoptruta Oleivora) infested 65 (norm 60) percent of groves; 50 (norm 41)
percent economic. Decreased but still in high range and above normal for this
date. Further decrease expected through April. Highest districts south, west,
and north, TEXAS CITRUS MITE (Eutetranychus banksi) infested 33 (norm 36) per-
cent of groves; 14 (norm 16) percent economic. In low range and slightly below
normal, Increase expected in late April. Highest district central. CITRUS RED
MITE (Panonychus citri) infested 29 (norm 43) percent of groves; 9 (norm 17)
percent economic. Decreased and expected to remain below normal and in low range.

PAS)

Highest district east. SIX-SPOTTED MITE (Eotetranychus sexmaculatus) infested

6 percent of groves; less than 1 percent economic. Below normal and in low

range. Gradual increase expected through May. GLOVER SCALE (Lepidosaphes
gloverii) infested 68 (norm 79) percent of groves; 6 (norm 19) percent economic.
PURPLE SCALE (L. beckii) infested 63 (norm 79) percent of groves; 7 (norm 10)
percent economic. YELLOW SCALE (Aonidiella citrina) infested 80 (norm 65) per-
cent of groves; 4 (norm 12) percent economic. BLACK SCALE (Saissetia oleae)
infested 17 (norm 29) percent of groves; 5 (norm 11) percent economic, CHAFF
SCALE (Parlatoria pergandii) infested 36 (norm 65) percent of groves; less than

1 (norm 12) percent economic. All above scales continue low to moderate in all
districts. Activity below normal this spring; little increase expected before
May. An ARMORED SCALE (Unaspis citri) infested 16 percent of groves; 7 percent
moderate or heavy. Above normal for March and will increase. WHITEFLIES infested
58 percent of groves; 12 percent economic. Larvae Slightly above normal but still
in moderate range. Adults will become numerous. MEALYBUGS below normal and at
very low level. Little increase expected before May. APHIDS infested 22 per-
cent of groves; 2 percent economic. Near normal and currently in low range but
increasing rapidly. Will increase further until May, but statewide spring infes-
tation expected to be below average. (W.A. Simanton (Citrus Expt. Sta., Lake
Alfred)).

CITRUS THRIPS (Scirtothrips citri) - ARIZONA - Heavy on new growth at Yuma, Yuma
County. Light on trees in Salt River Valley, Maricopa County. (Ariz. Coop.
Sur.).

CITRUS RED MITE (Panonychus citri) - ARIZONA - Ideal weather aiding buildup,
some groves treated at Yuma, Yuma County, (Ariz. Coop. Sur.).

SMALL FRUITS

STRAWBERRY CROWN MOTH (Ramosia bibionipennis) — OREGON - Light in 75 percent of
blackcap raspberry fields treated with a chlorinated hydrocarbon before planting
in northern Marion and southern Clackamas Counties. (Rosenstiel), 6

STRAWBERRY CROWN BORER (Tyloderma fragariae) - TENNESSEE - Adults collected in
Knox County. (Williams),

SPIDER MITES (Tetranychus spp.) - OKLAHOMA - Tetranychus sp. heavy; damaged straw-

berry plants in Tulsa County. (Okla. Coop. Sur.). FLORIDA - T, urticae
(two-spotted spider mite) heavy on unsprayed strawberries in one-eighth acre and
in unsprayed commercial fields at Bradenton, Manatee County. (Kelsheimer) ,
ORNAMENTALS

A WEEVIL (Rynchophorus cruentatus) - FLORIDA - Continues problem on Canary date
palm in nursery at Homestead, Dade County; controls used. Collected and deter-
mined by T.L. Stringfellow, (Stringfellow) ,

ARMORED SCALES - CALIFORNIA - Hemiberlesia lataniae heavy on evergreen pear on
hospital grounds at Santa Maria, Santa Barbara County, and Aspidiotus nerii
(oleander scale) heavy on Cycas sp. nursery stock at San Diego, San Diego County,
week ending April 4. Lineaspis cupressi heavy on juniper nursery stock at

Torrance, Los Angeles County. (Cal, Coop. Rpt.).

SIX-SPOTTED MITE (Eotetranychus sexmaculatus) - FLORIDA - Eggs and adults moder-
ate on 850 of 1,000 azalea plants at Mango, Hillsborough County. (Simmons),

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FOREST AND SHADE TREES

RED-HEADED PINE SAWFLY (Neodiprion lecontei) - FLORIDA - Outbreaks begun late
last fall still continuing at Tennile, Steinhatchatchee, and Keaton Beach in
Taylor County. About 100 acres of 2 to 8-year-old commercial longleaf pines
involved. Killed 500 8-year-old trees; damage still being evaluated; defoliation
followed by attacks of Ips sp. (an engraver beetle) and Pissodes sp. (a weevil)
in dry weather. N. lecontei eggs to fourth instars heavy on over 600 acres of
year-old slash pine, N, lecontei and secondary infestations of probably Pissodes
nemorensis (deodar weevil) killed 1,000 year-old slash pines in 1968. Above
infestatious total over 1,000 acres. Collected and determined by R.C. Wilkinson,
(Wilkinson).

WEEVILS - OREGON - Scythropus sp. adults heavy on ponderosa pine needles in forest
plantation near Elgin, Union County. (Kline). OHIO - Several Hylobius pales
(pales weevil) males and Pissodes approximatus (northern pine weevil) adults
collected on Scotch pine stumps cut last fall as Christmas trees in Holmes County.
Females of latter species already mated. (Campbell, Apr. 3).

AN OLETHREUTID MOTH (Epinotia subviridis) - CALIFORNIA - Larvae heavy on cypress
trees at Laguna Beach, Orange County. (Cal. Coop. Rpt.).

A CONIFER APHID (Cinara sp.) - WISCONSIN - Eggs unusually heavy on red pine
needles at western Dane County site. (Wis. Ins. Sur.),

EASTERN TENT CATERPILLAR (Malacosoma americanum) - OKLAHOMA - Third instars on
wild plum in Noble, Payne, and Mayes Counties. First report of year. (Okla.
Coop. Sur.). MISSOURI - Hatching on wild cherry in Phelps County. (Munson),
OHIO - Hatch expected about April 25. (Miller). VIRGINIA - On wild cherry in
lower Nansemond County. (Pierce).

TENT CATERPILLAR MOTHS (Malacosoma spp.) - NEVADA - Damage by M. incurvum
discoloratum larvae light to medium on Fremont cottonwood but increasing in
Moapa Valley, Clark County. (Zoller). CALIFORNIA - M. californicum (California
tent caterpillar) larvae heavy on oaks at Richmond, Contra Costa County. (Cal.
Coop. Rpt.),. OREGON - First M. pluviale (western tent caterpillar) eggs hatched
March 31 on alder at St. Helens, Columbia County. (Walrod). Hatching in
Washington County week of April 4. (Goeden),

SPRING CANKERWORM (Paleacrita vernata) - MINNESOTA - Many males and females on
elms at St. Paul, Ramsey County. Will be more widespread this season, Defolia-
tion expected to be heavier, (Minn. Ins. Rpt.)., WISCONSIN - Eight moths caught
in blacklight trap at Madison, Dane County. (Wis. Ins, Sur.),

A NOCTUID MOTH (Ufeus faunus) - NEVADA - Larvae heavy; heavy damage on Fremont
cottonwood in Moapa Valley, Clark County. (Zoller),

MAN AND ANIMALS

SCREW-WORM (Cochliomyia hominivorax) - Total of 7 cases reported in U.S.

April 6-12 as follows: TEXAS - Bee, Hidalgo, Maverick, Dimmit, Pecos; ARIZONA -
Cochise 2, Total of 68 cases reported in portion of Barrier Zone in Republic of
Mexico March 30 to April 5 as follows: Sonora 32, Chihuahua 10, Nuevo Leon 1,
Tamaulipas 25, No cases reported in Mexico south of Barrier Zone. Barrier Zone
is area where eradication operation underway to prevent establishment of self-
sustaining population in U.S. Sterile screw-worm flies released: Texas
53,458,000; Mexico 114,238,000. (Anim. Health Div.).

MOSQUITOES - CALIFORNIA - High nuisance periodically on warm days. Rain increases
threat of irritation. (Cal. Coop. Rpt.). NEVADA - Culiseta inornata adult col-
lections continue numerous in light traps at Las Vegas, Clark County. (Hanson).

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Unspecified mosquitoes heavy at Gerlach area, Washoe County. (Loomis) ,
WASHINGTON - First Culex pipiens pipiens adults noted March 28 at Prosser, Benton
County. (Cone). FLORIDA - Aedes atlanticus and/or tormentor principal pest and

minor nuisance in wooded residential area at Oneco, Manatee County; other species
include Mansonia sp. (not perturbans) and Psorophora ferox, A. atlanticus and/or
tormentor and P, ferox principal pests with A. infirmatus preSent at Myakka State
Park, Sarasota County. M. perturbans nuisance beginning, numbers next 2 or 3
weeks should increase to yearly peak at Gainesville, Alachua County, (Mead) ,

COMMON CATTLE GRUB (Hypoderma lineatum) - ILLINOIS - Average counts per head on
one and 2-year-old beef herds by district: North, 4.1 on 132 animals; central,
0.5 on 121 animals; south, 5.6 on 130 animals. (111. Ins. Rpt.). CALIFORNIA -
Flies of H. lineatum and probably H. bovis (northern cattle grub) beginning to
annoy grazing cattle. Due to shipments from out of State, H. bovis frequently
found. (Cal. Coop. Rpt.). im

HORN FLY (Haematobia irritans) - ALABAMA - Ranged 5-50 per head in several beef
herds in Escambia, Monroe, and Mobile Counties. Other herds, especially 3 dairy
herds, practically free of flies. (McQueen), OKLAHOMA - Up to 75 per head on
cows in Noble and Payne Counties; 30-50 per head on bulls in Sequoyah County,
(Okla. Coop. Sur.).

STABLE FLY (Stomoxys calcitrans) - NEBRASKA - First adult of season in feedlot
near Waverly, Lancaster County, April 10. (Campbell) ,

SHORT-NOSED CATTLE LOUSE (Haematopinus eurysternus) - OKLAHOMA - Mostly this
species up to 5 per hair part On cows checked in Payne and Noble Counties,
Heavy on cattle in Mayes, Garvin, and Bryan Counties and light in Sequoyah
County. (Okla. Coop. Sur.).

ROCKY MOUNTAIN WOOD TICK (Dermacentor andersoni) - IDAHO - Severe outbreak of
tick paralysis in 100 yearling steers at Spalding, Nez Perce County. About 50
went down April 3-4. Ticks concentrated on dewlap averaged 35-100 per steer.
Steers responded to treatment. One animal suffocated, (Kambitsch). COLORADO -
Active in mountain canyons, (Hantsbarger, Thatcher),

AMERICAN DOG TICK (Dermacentor variabilis) - MARYLAND - First active adults of
season found near Fairland, Montgomery County. (U. Md., Ent. Dept.).

EAR TICK (Otobius megnini) - OKLAHOMA - Five ticks on 15 cows at Vian, Sequoyah
County. (Okla. Coop. Sur.).

NORTHERN FOWL MITE (Ornithonyssus sylviarum) - ARKANSAS - Increasing and heavy in
northwest area. (Simco),

A BROWN SPIDER (Loxosceles rufescens) - OHIO - One female, 2 males, and 2
immatures collected in baSement at Ohio State University at Columbus, Franklin
County, by D. Berry about March 20, Identified by W.J. Gertsch, This is a new
State record, (Richter),

HOUSEHOLDS AND STRUCTURES

SUBTERRANEAN TERMITES (Reticulitermes spp.) - IDAHO - Severe damage to structural
timbers and flooring by Reticulitermes sp. observed in Salmon, Lemhi County,
residence following very large Swarm Of reproductives in late March. (Dunham) ,
OHIO - R. flavipes (eastern subterranean termite) swarmed March 28 at Athens,
Athens County (Romoser), and at Columbus, Franklin County (Miller), TENNESSEE -
Probably R. flavipes swarmed in Franklin and Warren Counties. (Greene),

A POWDER-POST BEETLE (Lyctus sp.) - OHIO - Structural damage reported in Medina
County. (Thoburn),

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STORED PRODUCTS

CONFUSED FLOUR BEETLE (Tribolium confusum) - NORTH DAKOTA - Heavy and caused
severe damage to stored barley at Sentinel Butte, Golden Valley County. Controls
applied. (McBride),

SOUTHERN FIRE ANT (Solenopsis xyloni) - CALIFORNIA - Medium in milo grain in feed
yard storage area at Imperial, Imperial County. (Cal. Coop. Rpt.).

FEDERAL AND STATE PLANT PROTECTION PROGRAMS

BROWN GARDEN SNAIL (Helix aspersa) - FLORIDA - Feeding and resting on container-
grown nursery stock, mostly juniper and to a lesser extent on hibiscus, at

Davie, Broward County. Since first find on March 24, 1969, over 75 snails of
various sizes taken. About 36 acres, surrounded on 3 sides by canals, considered
infested. Eradication underway. (Shirah, Clinton),

CEREAL LEAF BEETLE (Oulema melanopus) - OHIO - Adults 2 per 100 sweeps each in 2
Perry County wheatfields about 15 miles south of Zanesville. Adults 21 per 100

Sweeps in northwest area. (Spilker). Treatment will probably not be necessary

in most cases in 1969, (Treece).

CITRUS BLACKFLY (Aleurocanthus woglumi) - MEXICO - Biological Control Zone - In
Tamaulipas 36,602 trees on 562 acres inspected in Municipios Hidalgo, Padilla,
and Victoria; 388 trees on 100 acres found infested in Hidalgo and Padilla.
Parasitism 52 percent on 61 leaf samples collected in Municipios Guemez, Hidalgo,
Llera, Villagran, Ocampo, Gonzalez, and Antiguo Morelos, Tamaulipas. No liber-
ations of Prospaltella opulenta (a eulophid wasp) made during February.

Chemical Control Zone - Inspections made of 33,041 trees on 503 acres in 7
Municipios in Nuevo Leon and 2,350 trees on 37 acres in 2 Municipios in Tamaulipas
during February. In Nuevo Leon 1,179 trees found infested on 353 acres in
Linares, Hualahuises, Montemorelos, and Monterrey. In Matamoros, Tamaulipas, 17
additional properties found infested - each with one infested leaf on one tree.
Total of 6,368 trees on 1,266 properties inspected in 4 Municipios of Sonora and
Baja California with negative results. (PPC Mex. Reg.).

A GRASSHOPPER (Aulocara elliotti) - ARIZONA - Egg pods heavy at Indian Springs,
San Carlos Indian Reservation; up to 27 per square foot in spots, (Ariz. Coop.
Sur.).

HALL SCALE (Nilotaspis halli) - CALIFORNIA - Survey of Stilson and Butte Canyons
at Chico, Butte County, for seedling hosts completed. Total of 21 seedlings
found. Same area where infested seedlings found year ago. All results for
scale negative. (Cal. Coop. Rpt., Apr. 4).

IMPORTED FIRE ANT (Solenopsis saevissima richteri) - SOUTH CAROLINA - Collected
on U.S. Highway 17A in Georgetown County by J.L. McKee April 1. Determined by
D.R. Smith. This is a new country record, (PPC),

MEDITERRANEAN FRUIT FLY (Ceratitis capitata) - MEXICO - Total of 3,226 traps
operated during February. No Ce Capitata taken. (PPC Mex. Reg.).

MEXICAN FRUIT FLY (Anastrepha ludens) - MEXICO - During February, 560 traps in
Ensenada, Tecate, and Tijuana inspected an aggregate of 1,523 times; results
negative. During same period, 205 trap inspections made in La Paz; 5,312 marked
flies recaptured. No native flies trapped. Inspection made of 189 pounds of
host fruits from 13 properties at La Paz; larvae being reared for identification
as adults. (PPC Mex. Reg.).

PINK BOLLWORM (Pectinophora gossypiella) - ARIZONA - Extremely light moth emer-
gence from experimental cages at Mesa Experiment Station, Maricopa County.

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Majority of cottonseed planted in Salt River Valley; many young seedlings emerg-
ing in Maricopa County. (Ariz. Coop. Sur.).

A SEED CHALCID (Megastigmus pistaciae) - CALIFORNIA - First of 10 sprays made to
pistachio trees on U.S. Plant Introduction Station at Chico, Butte County. This
pest under eradication treatment. (Cal. Coop. Rpt., Apr. 4),

A WHITE-FRINGED BEETLE (Graphognathus sp.) - FLORIDA - About 66 percent of young
watermelon seedlings in 40-acre field wilted or dead; roots consumed, usually one
larva under each wilted plant at Vernon, Washington County. (Scott, Brogdon,

Apr. 3). Too late to replant badly damaged watermelon fields. (Fla. Coop. Sur.).

HAWAII INSECT REPORT

New State Record - Several adults of a MUSCID FLY (Liste leucospila (Wiedemann) )
collected April 6, 1968, from lawn at Hickam Air Force Base, Honolulu, Oahu, by
W. Takabayashi. Determined by R. Gagne. This muscid fly is not known to occur
in the continental United States. Recorded from Sudan and the Ethiopian region
of Africa. (Chong). This is also a new Western Hemisphere record, Also
recorded from Algeria, southwestern Arabia, Canary Islands, Formosa, Greece,
India, Israel, Java, Morocco, and Sumatra. As far as known, L. leucospila is of
no economic importance. (PPC), ze

Vegetables - CARMINE SPIDER MITE (Tetranychus cinnabarinus) remains heavy on snap
beans and eggplants and increasing to heavy in Some fields of watermelons,
cucumbers, and tomatoes at Waianae, Oahu, Light to medium on snap beans, water-
melons, and cucumbers at Waimanalo. (Yamamota, Sato). MELON FLY (Dacus
cucurbitae) heavily damaged pumpkins and bittermelons in farm at Pearl City,
Oahu. Heavy on adjacent wild momordica, (Nakama). ONION THRIPS (Thrips tabaci)
heavy on leaves of young bulb onions and light on green onion leaves at Waianae,
Oahu. (Yamamoto) ,

Fruits - All stages of a STINK BUG (Plautia stali) heavy on strawberry guava in
Koko Head area of Oahu; light but widespread on common guava at Waimanalo and
along Pali, Kamehameha, and Likelike Highways at Kaneohe. Egg clusters on leaves,
stems, and fruits. Adults and early to late instars feeding on guava fruits.
First time all stages appeared in significant numbers on widespread scale on
strawberry guava (Psidium cattleianum) and common guava. (Nakao, Funasaki).

Forest and Shade Trees - A PSYLLID (Psylla uncatoides) trace to light on koa
trees (Acacia koa and A. confusa) in Kalihi Valley and Tantalus Peak at Honolulu,
Kaneohe, and Waimanalo, Oahu. Counts 0-5 nymphs and/or adults per 10 sweeps in
all areas,

Man and Animals - Total of 397 Aedes vexans nocturnus and 2,061 Culex pipiens
quinquefasciatus in 50 light traps on Oahu in March. Aedes per trap ranged from
zero in many areas to high of 173 at Waiahole. Culex per trap ranged from zero
to high of 230 at Waiahole. (Mosq. Cont. Br., Dept. of Health).

Beneficial Insects - Pupae and adults of a BRACONID (Apanteles bedelliae) very
heavy in One-acre unsprayed sweetpotato field at Waimanalo, Oahu. SWEETPOTATO
LEAF MINER (Bedellia orchilella) larvae ranged to 12 per leaf in mid-March but
now average less than one per leaf. (Suzukawa, Funasaki) .

Miscellaneous Insects - Adults of a TEPHRITID FLY (Ensina sonchi) heavy on flower
heads of a SOwthistle (Sonchus oleraceus) at Waimanalo, Pearl City, and in vacant
lots near Honolulu International Airport, Oahu, (Funasaki) ,

- 284 -

INSECT DETECTION
New State Records

A MUSCID FLY (Liste leucospila (Wiedemann)) - HAWAII - Adults collected April 6,
1968, from lawn at Hickam Air Force Base, Honolulu, Oahu, by W. Takabayashi.
Determined by R. Gagne. This is a new Western Hemisphere record. It does not
occur in the continental United States. Recorded from Algeria, southwestern
Arabia, Canary Islands, Ethiopian region, Formosa, Greece, India, Israel, Java,
Morocco, Sudan, and Sumatra, Of no known economic importance, (p. 283).

CLOVER SEED WEEVIL (Miccotrogus picirostris) - WYOMING - Specimens collected
June 22, 1963, in Lincoln County. Determined by R.E. Warner. (Knowlton) ,

A BROWN SPIDER (Loxosceles rufescens) - OHIO - Female, males, and immatures
collected in building at Columbus, Franklin County, by D. Berry about March 20,
Identified by W.J. Gertsch. (p. 281),

New County Records

WESTERN BROWN STINK BUG (Euschistus impictiventris) - CALIFORNIA - Collected at
Irvine Ranch, Irvine, Orange County, by J. Hashe May 10, 1948, and at Garden
Grove, Orange County, by L.D. Anderson April 27, 1950. Determined by G. Buxton,
(Cali Coop.eRpit.) «

ALFALFA WEEVIL (Hypera postica) - TEXAS - Brazos. (p. 276).

IMPORTED FIRE ANT (Solenopsis saevissima richteri) - SOUTH CAROLINA - Georgetown
County. (p. 282),

CORRECTIONS

CEIR 18(INDEX 1968):18 - Nuculaspis californica, See Nuculaspis pini should read
Nuculaspis californica (black pine-leaf scale). Nuculaspis pini (black pine-leaf
scale) should read Nuculaspis pini, See Nuculaspis californica.

CEIR 19(9):126 - Ornamentals - Under A NOCTUID MOTH (Orthosia hibisci) delete note.
Note should read: A NOCTUID MOTH (Orthosia hibisci) - MARYLAND - Larvae lightly
damaged rose buds at University Park and Beltsville in Prince Georges County in
May 1968. Collected by T.L. Bissell and F. Smith. Determined by D.M. Weisman,
This is a new county record. (U. Md., Ent. Dept.).

CEIR 19(14):233 - Current Conditions - Under EUROPEAN CORN BORER delete Colorado,
Note should read: EUROPEAN CORN BORER overwintering larval surveys indicate high
winter survival in Maryland and Illinois. (p. 235),

CEIR 19(14):238 - BLACK PINE-LEAF SCALE (Nuculaspis pini) should read ...
(Nuculaspis californica) ,

LIGHT TRAP COLLECTIONS

FLORIDA - Gainesville - 4/5-9, BL - Armyworm (Pseudaletia unipuncta) 2, black
cutworm (Agrotis ipsilon) 6, corn earworm (Heliothis zea) 2, granulate cutworm
(Feltia Batrcreanes , salt-marsh caterpillar (Estigmene acrea) 3, variegated
cutworm (Peridroma saucia) 1, yellow-striped armyworm (Prodenia ornithogalli) 4.
MISSISSIPPI - Stoneville - 4/5-11, 2 BL, 50-81°F., precip. 1.62 = Armyworm 186,
black cutworm 24, corn earworm 1, salt-marsh caterpillar 2, variegated cutworm 36.
TEXAS - Waco - 4/2-10, BL - Armyworm 114, beet armyworm (Spodoptera exigua) 5,
black cutworm 3, corn earworm 28, granulate cutworm 13, variegated cutworm 99,
yellow-striped armyworm 3,

- 285 -

An Insect Cage Constructed with Aluminum Screen Extrusion Stock

J. T. Hayward and C. H. Billingsley l/

Aluminum extrusion frame stock designed for construction of window screens is an
excellent material for fabrication of insect cages. It is available from sources
normally handling home building supplies. The aluminum stock can easily be cut
with a hacksaw. Use of an inexpensive miter box will aid in making more precise
45° angle corner cuts. Special aluminum right angle corner inserts are used to
join the corners on the four pieces used for the side or top sections of the
cage. The bottom of the cage is sheet metal and is attached with No. 6, 3/8-inch
self-tapping sheet metal screws. The side and top sections of the cage are as-—
sembled and held together by No. 6, 3/4-inch self-tapping screws.

Three equally spaced 1/16-inch holes should be drilled along each side of each
section to permit the use of self-tapping Sheet metal screws. The sections of the
cage are held together by these fasteners. Holes Should also be drilled at points
where hinges or latches are attached.

The top or any Side section can be hinged to permit access to the interior of the
cage, or Sides and top can be completely assembled with a cloth sleeve entrance
attached. The cloth sleeve or many types of wire, cloth, plastic screen, or
clear plastic sheets can be Secured in place on the side and top sections of the
cage. The Screen or plastic material is laid over the channel in the aluminum
stock and a round vinyl strip, laid over the screen material, is pushed into the
channel. This holds the selected cover material in place.

All joints may be caulked with a silicon rubber type compound so small insects
and other minute arthropods can be retained. Figure 1 shows one of the aluminum
cageS now in use at the Plant Pest Control Division laboratory at Niles, Michigan.

The cost of aluminum frame stock is approximately 14 cents per foot. The corner
inserts are about 5 cents each, and the round vinyl strip about 3 cents per foot.
Cost of Screening will depend on the quality of the material selected. A cage

1 by 1 by 1 foot can be assembled for a cost of about $6.00 exclusive of screen
material.

Cages built with the materials described are durable and easy to assemble, clean,
maintain, and modify.

See illustration on next page.

1/ Plant Pest Control Division, ARS, U.S. Dept. Agr.

696L ‘98Z-S8Z: (91) 6T
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286

(POSTAGE AND
DERARTMENT OF

LE VOL. 19 No 7 | April 25, 1969

Py eC oOo p exatly o i
ee
/ REPORT

ma a

* Cis
pe ~Lipgarit2

‘PLANT. PEST CONTROL DIVISION
AGRICULTURAL RESEARCH SERVICE

' UNITED STATES DEPARTMENT OF AGRICULTURE

AGRICULTURAL RESEARCH SERVICE

PLANT PEST CONTROL DIVISION

SURVEY AND DETECTION OPERATIONS

The Cooperative Economic Insect Report is issued
weekly as a service to American Agriculture. Its contents
are compiled from information supplied by cooperating State,
Federal, and industrial entomologists and other agricultural
workers. In releasing this material the Division serves as
a clearing house and does not assume responsibility for ac-
curacy of the material.

All reports and inquiries pertaining to this release,
including the mailing list, should be sent to:

Survey and Detection Operations
Plant Pest Control Division
Agricultural Research Service
United States Department of Agriculture
Federal Center Building
Hyattsville, Maryland 20782

Volume 19 April 25, 1969 Number 17
COOPERATIVE ECONOMIC INSECT REPORT

HIGHLIGHTS

Current Conditions

GREENBUG heavy on wheat in 4 Rolling Plains counties and found on crowns of
Johnson grass in Deaf Smith and Castro Counties, Texas. Infesting grain sorghum
in Maricopa County, Arizona. (p. 290).

EUROPEAN CORN BORER spring samples in Indiana indicate a low winter mortality.
(p. 290).

A WEEVIL damaged untreated field corn and sweet corn in Palm Beach County,
Florida. (p. 290).

PALE WESTERN CUTWORM damaged wheat in southwestern Nebraska. Building up rapidly
in northeastern Colorado. (p. 291).

ALFALFA WEEVIL adults returning to fields in central Maryland; caused some terminal
damage to alfalfa in southeast Missouri; buildup slow in southern third of
Illinois; some fields in Faulkner County, Arkansas, being treated. (pp. 291-292).
HORN FLY buildup increased on beef and some dairy herds in southern and central
Alabama. (p. 299).

Detection

A LEAFHOPPER reported for the first time in Hawaii, considered an important pest
of avocado in Ecuador. Reported on papaya in Florida. (p. 301).

For new county records see page 301.

Some First Occurrences of Season

PEA APHID in Delaware, TARNISHED PLANT BUG adults in Delaware, MEADOW SPITTLEBUG
nymphs in Delaware and Oregon,and EASTERN TENT CATERPILLAR adult in Florida.

'

Special Reports

Bee Leafhopper Survey, Texas and New Mexico - 1969. Population counts higher in
areas surveyed in 1969 than in 1968. (p. 289).

Distribution of Egyptian Alfalfa Weevil (map). (p. 302).

Reports in this issue are for week ending April 18 unless otherwise indicated.

= Ail oS

- 288 -

CONTENTS
‘Special Insects of Regional Significance... .ccorcccccesvccvcrevsssccrerssereeenad

Insects Affecting

Corn, Sorghum, Sugarcane.....c.c.e. «290 General VegetableS.....cececee++ 0294
SmaduGrannSieycrecchoreicvoiererovereiel hovetel siaversioiooll: Deciduous Fruits and NutsS........299
Forage LegumeS...ccocccecscseccvceerGl CUE LUSE oilesclepercteicleiel selereieielctelersiereroleieRy aoe
Cot COnmiersielshersrevelecctclerelevertsveislelelslelsccveret oS Smawdd PruUdCS visievc: cee erstetetelsticvel sieterereiel Ao
TODACC Olaieielcietaieioteloielsielevelerene evelslorereceverei foo Forest and Shade TreeS....e.ee+see29d
Potatoes, Tomatoes, PepperS.....0+..«293 Man and AnimalS...ccccscesscccvscee29S
CONESTOLOPSistorecletenc! cvelsvolovclel eVeleleis chalelcteii2O.S Households and StructureS........299

COPTECUUONS rere otetarchere slevelolercleisiene lslorevelslatetonevclctelelolclalciere toneleleleiors! slohetelelenetorederei cle of eieRonelReMenel Coc:
Licht iLrap iComMectHOns!iters cts: clelelc ever levelsleioict sfotele}ietolie, ove lenohclicvele|oietoyel cholo evollohehelellctobelohoheh Rh tetio Le
Bene fica elinS CCS) cteiercieiotete ove cnefele eleneoloveliercie eleleie) elcteleleiaiehelcl sr olekeletsfetelelehelchenelcislotel Volek RRO,
Federal ‘and State Plant Protection ProgramSicic cicic.c ci cic sos o/c oleic ei sisielo ciel eiclorsiolohelenent OO)
Hawai InSeeit: REPOTtie Wie: siere clelotereloteilelelislolelciolebeletolioteteteleletelal encleleielol stall ousioterelstoteier stekeheloheneKohet SOL
INS eC MDESCSCIETONs cists sis o clcvereleterciolelcievelelelekelcleveleleletelerctoieleiciclolelshelel sfeleleleyclotelavelstehel aaleiod- tenet oOr
Distribution of Egyptian Alfalfa Weevil (map)... 266 6000060000 o000 0 esc ciclo cle res Ue

WEATHER BUREAU'S 30-DAY OUTLOOK
MID-APRIL TO MID-MAY

The Weather Bureau's 30-day outlook for mid-April to mid-May is for temperatures
to averaged above seasonal normals across most of the northern half of the
Nation. Below normal averages are expected over coastal regions of California,
Texas, and the Carolinas, while near normal is in prospect elsewhere. Precipita-
tion is expected to exceed normal over the Pacific Northwest coast and over an
area extending from the southern Plains to the south Atlantic coast. Subnormal
totals are indicated over the northern Mississippi Valley, northern New England,
and portions of the southern plateau. Near normal amounts are expected over
unspecified areas.

Weather forecast given here is based on the official 30-day "Resume and Outlook"
published twice a month by the Weather Bureau. You can subscribe through the
Superintendent of Documents, Washington, D.C. 20250. Price $5.00 a year.

WEATHER OF THE WEEK ENDING APRIL 21

HIGHLIGHTS: The West cooled; the East continued mild. Heavy thunderstorms
occurred in the Deep South.

PRECIPITATION: Snow fell early in the central Rocky Mountains early in the week,
8 inches at Rawlins, Wyoming. Severe thunderstorm activity occurred in moist
gulf air in central and southern Great Plains. Hail as large as baseballs fell
at Comanche, Oklahoma, on Wednesday. Hail also fell in Kansas, Texas, Iowa,
Illinois, Missouri, and Arkansas. Winds gusted to 94 m.p.h. at Emporia, Kansas.
By Thursday a front stretched from the St. Lawrence River Valley to south-central
Texas. Cold rain, sometimes mixed with sleet or snow, made weather generally
miserable west of the front. Severe weather -- violent thunderstorms with gusty
winds, moderate to heavy showers, Some damaging hail, and a number of tornados —-
occurred in the warm moist air south and east of the front. More than a dozen
tornadoes occurred from Alabama to the Carolinas on Friday causing at least 1
death, several injuries, and widespread minor damage. Snow fell Saturday from
Ohio to New England, accumulating to 6 inches in northern New York. Weekend also
brought more showers to the Puget Sound area in Washington. Weather of the week
continued on page 294.

- 289 -

SPECIAL INSECTS OF REGIONAL SIGNIFICANCE
Beet Leafhopper Survey, Texas and New Mexico - 1969

The beet leafhopper (Circulifer tenellus) survey in Texas was begun February 24
and completed March 21. The Survey in New Mexico was conducted February 25-27.
The survey was conducted in 32 counties in Texas and 6 counties in New Mexico,
with 68 stops made in Texas and 24 stops in New Mexico. Host plants were present
at 88 percent of the Stops in Texas and 79 percent of the stops in New Mexico.
The number of beet leafhoppers per 100 square feet was 31 in Texas and 35 in New
Mexico.

Significant observations: Texas - The winter was extremely dry in the area
covered by the Survey. This is favorable to high beet leafhopper populations.
Host plants were widespread. Plant condition was good; maturity was advanced
except in- northern portion of survey area. Beet leafhoppers were found at the
rate of 31 per 100 square feet in 1969 compared with 7 per 100 square feet in
1968. New Mexico - Host plants were sparse, and many were in poor condition. Beet
leafhopper population counts increased to 35 per 100 square feet in 1969 compared
with 5 in 1968.

In order that the survey information be more specific, the following breakdown is
presented.

TEXAS - High Plains Area. Beet leafhopper counts increased in 1969 in the sugar-
beet area of Morton, Muleshoe, Hereford, Dimmit, and Canyon,

Winter Garden Area. Population is about the same as in 1968. Some population
shift was noted, counts being higher in the immediate vicinity of Crystal City.
Very few beet leafhoppers had been caught on stickyboard traps maintained at
migrating altitude (about 5 feet above ground) around spinach fields at Crystal
City by March 7.

Rolling Plains and Edwards Plateau Area. Beet leafhopper populations were dis-
tributed over entire 9-county route. Counts were heaviest in the Davis Mountains,
Toyahvale, and Balmorhea vicinity.

El Paso and Trans-Pecos Area. This area produced two-thirds of the beet leafhoppers
found during the entire 1969 survey. Counts were heavy and greatly increased over
past years in the El Paso Valley.

NEW MEXICO - The main beet leafhopper increases occurred in the El Paso Valley
from the State line to Las Cruces, and in the Roswell and Dexter area. A marked
decrease in host plants and beet leafhoppers was noted in the Hatch and Truth or
Consequences area. (PPC and cooperating agencies).

BEET LEAFHOPPER (Circulifer tenellus) - WYOMING - Cooperative survey conducted in
wasteland adjacent to Sugarbeet areas in Washakie and southern Big Horn Counties.
Population smaller than year ago. Averaged 0.12 per square foot of weed hosts.
(Lowry et al.).

ARMY CUTWORM (Chorizagrotis auxiliaris) - NEBRASKA - Widespread, mostly noneconomic
on wheat and alfalfa in 46 fields in 6 southwest and 2 southern panhandle counties.
Range per linear foot in wheat by county: Keith 1-8, Deuel and Chase 0-4,

Cheyenne 1-4, Perkins 2-5, Dundy 1-3, Hitchcock and Hayes 0-1. (Keith et al.,

Apr. 12-16). Ranged O-1 per crown in 3 alfalfa fields in Chase and Dundy Counties
and 1-10 in 6 fields in Red Willow County. (Keith Apr. 9-16). Larvae half grown
to nearly full grown. (Keith). WYOMING - Larvae 0-2 (average 0.3) per linear foot on
wheat April 11 at Dwyer, Platte County. (Parshall). COLORADO - Larvae 0-4 per
linear foot of drill row of wheat in Kelim area, Weld County. Controls being
applied. Damage light in northeast area. (Johnson, Wedderburn). OKLAHOMA -
Mostly this species damaging early grasses and flowers in yards in Noble and Payne
Counties. (Okla. Coop. Sur.).

- 290 -

ARMYWORM (Pseudaletia unipuncta) - MISSOURI - First larvae of season observed in
Cape Girardeau County on April 16. Only few first and second stage larvae found.
(Munson).

CORN LEAF APHID (Rhopalosiphum maidis) - OKLAHOMA - Moderate on Tillman County
wheat. (Okla. Coop. Sur.).

GREENBUG (Schizaphis graminum) - NEBRASKA - None detected in 46 fields in 6 south-
west and 2 panhandle counties. (Keith, Apr. 12-16). KANSAS - Light, 0-3 per

row foot, in Butler County. (Redding). OKLAHOMA - Very light on wheat in northern
half of State. Moderate to heavy in Grady, Oklahoma, Cotton, and Tillman Counties.
(Okla. Coop. Sur.). TEXAS - Found just below soil surface on crowns of Johnson
grass (Sorghum halepense) in Deaf Smith and Castro Counties April 14. Apparently
decreasing on small grains in some panhandle counties. Counts reduced in Castro
County. Numerous braconids and lady beetles noted in tnese fields. Greenbug
ranged 2,000-5,000 per row foot in dryland wheatfield in Randall County north of
Canyon; 2,000-4,000 per row foot east of Silverton, Briscoe County. Damage
evident in both fields. Wheat generally good in area; greenbug well under control.
(Daniels). Decreased in Rolling Plains area; only Cottle, King, Foard, and

Motley Counties reporting heavy infestations. Large acreages reported being
sprayed in Foard County. Beneficial insects building up in these counties.
Greenbug reported lighter in Wilbarger, Wichita, Childress, Archer, and Hardeman
Counties. (Boring). NEW MEXICO - Light to heavy on wheat in Curry and Roosevelt
Counties. Controls being applied to irrigated wheat in Clovis area. (Campbell).
ARIZONA - Averaged about 30 per linear foot of 3-inch grain sorghum in east
Chandler area, Maricopa County. Treatments reported on some young stands. (Ariz.
Coop. Sur.).

SPOTTED ALFALFA APHID (Therioaphis maculata) - OKLAHOMA - Averaged 400 per square
foot of alfalfa in Tillman County. Moderate to heavy in Garvin County. None
seen in Payne and Noble Counties. (Okla. Coop. Sur.).

CORN, SORGHUM, SUGARCANE

EUROPEAN CORN BORER (Ostrinia nubilalis) - INDIANA - Cornstalk samples from
southwest and south-central districts yielded 28 prepupae per 100 stalk sections.
Spring samples throughout State indicate low winter mortality. Large first flight
coupled with heavy damage potential to early corn will be present throughout State.
(Huber, Apr. 11). DELAWARE - About 20 percent of overwintering larvae pupated in
Sussex County, 8 percent in Kent County, none in New Castle County. (Burbutis).

FALL ARMYWORM (Spodoptera frugiperda) - FLORIDA - Larvae very light on less than
5 percent of untreated young field corn at Belle Glade, Palm Beach County.
Collected and determined by W.G. Genung. None yet in buds of young sweet corn
at Sanford, Seminole County. (Greene).

A WEEVIL (Hyperodes humilis) - FLORIDA - Damaged 30-35 percent of untreated week-old
field corn and 62 percent of untreated sweet corn (3-5 weeks old) at Belle Glade,
Palm Beach County; injury due to oviposition, feeding punctures, and larval tunnel-
ing. Collected and determined by M.J. Janes and W.G. Genung. (Fla. Coop. Sur.).

GARDEN SYMPHYLAN (Scutigerella immaculata) - IOWA - Collected in cornfield in
Webster County. This is new county record. (Iowa Ins. Sur.).

= 29 =

SMALL GRAINS

PALE WESTERN CUTWORM (Agrotis orthogonia) - NEBRASKA - Severe damage to wheat in
western Perkins and Chase Counties. Larvae economic in all fields surveyed;
ranged 1-16 per linear foot. Most larvae about half grown. Injury accentuated by
dry conditions; rain April 14-16 helped wheat considerably and slowed cutworm
activity. Much of area sprayed. Counts per row foot in southwest district by
county: Perkins 0-16; Chase 1-14; Dundy 0-10; Keith, Hitchcock, and Hayes 0.
Activity in panhandle lower; larvae 2-4 per foot in Cheyenne County north and
south of Sidney. Activity should increase next week. (Keith, Liljegren).
COLORADO - Larvae ranged 2-8 per linear foot in wheat at Kelim, Weld County.
Controls being applied. Building up rapidly in northeast area; controls necessary.
(Johnson, Wedderburn). KANSAS - Ranged 1-5 per row foot on wheat examined in
Stanton County. Feeding injury on plant crown below ground level, no apparent
damage above ground yet. (DePew).

WHEAT STEM MAGGOT (Meromyza americana) - COLORADO - Trace injury on wheat at
Nunn, Weld County. (HantsSbarger).

CORN FLEA BEETLE (Chaetocnema pulicaria) - ILLINOIS - Averaged 200-300 per 100
sweeps in southern area wheatfields and roadsides. Giblsains SRpt..))s

ENGLISH GRAIN APHID (Macrosiphum avenae) - MINNESOTA - Specimen caught April 13

in suction trap at St. Paul after light southerly winds. No aphids in yellow

pans placed in same area. (Minn. Ins. Rpt.). FLORIDA - All stages, mostly adults,
increasing on mature oats at Gainesville, Alachua County; averaged 2 per sweep.
(Mead). Less abundant on rye. (Fla. Coop. Sur.).

BROWN WHEAT MITE (Petrobia latens) - NEBRASKA - Averaged 250 per row foot in
Hitchcock County wheatfield. (Keith, Menke). KANSAS - Trace in wheat examined
in Stanton County. (DePew). COLORADO - Remains light on northeast area wheat.
(Johnson). NEW MEXICO - Light to moderate on some wheat in Curry and Roosevelt
Counties. (Campbell). NEVADA - Light on barley in Moapa Valley, Clark County.
(Yamashita, Zoller).

WINTER GRAIN MITE (Penthaleus major) - OKLAHOMA - Up to 100 per linear foot on
wheat checked in Noble County. (Okla. Coop. Sur.).

FORAGE LEGUMES

ALFALFA WEEVIL (Hypera postica) - MARYLAND - Adults returning to fields in central
counties. Averaged 0.7 per square foot in 7-county survey. Adults ranged 6-16
per 10 sweeps in 20-acre field near Beltsville. Larvae present on Eastern Shore
and in central areas remain very light. (U. Md., Ent. Dept.). VIRGINIA -

Adults and larvae light in Amelia, Nottoway, and Prince Edward Counties.

(Innes, Perry, Apr. 11). First instars 3-5 per alfalfa bud in Montgomery

County. Adults averaged 40 per 100 sweeps. (Allen). OHIO - Eggs per square

foot by county April 8: Monroe 82, Meigs 109, Gallia 203. Adults abundant

April 16. Adults less than 10 per 25 sweeps in most fields in north-central
counties; averaged 33 per 25 sweeps in one field. About one per sweep in
Coshocton County. (Prochaska). INDIANA - Larvae averaged 4 per 100 sweeps in
southwest district, ranged 4-20 (average 3) per 100 sweeps in south-central
district. Adults ranged 2-4 per 100 sweeps (day sample) in southwest area; 3-22
per 100 sweeps in south-central areas. (Huber). Night samples in Vincennes area,
Knox County, averaged 31 per 100 sweeps; in Laconia area, Harrison County, averaged
101 per 100 sweeps. (Wilson, Hintz). Egg hatch from fall deposition begun;
spring egg laying increasing in southern areas. Larval feeding on about 1 percent
of plants in south-central and less than 1 percent in southwest area. (Huber,
Apr. 11). ILLINOIS - Buildup slow, larvae 0-30 and adults averaged 24 per 100
Sweeps in southern third of State. Feeding noticeable on 5-20 percent of termi-
nals. In extreme southern area counts and damage much higher with 50 percent
terminal feeding; adults 60-160 per 100 sweeps at night; larvae 80 per 100 sweeps.

- 292 -

Larvae averaged 350+ per square foot in one field. (Ill. Ins. Rpt.). Farther
north, activity just beginning. Feeding evident on 5-20 percent of terminals;
1-5 larvae per infested terminal. Egg laying and hatch will accelerate. (Ins.
Sur. Bull.). MISSOURI - Counts per 10 sweeps ranged 14-43 first, second, and
third-stage larvae in southeast area, 3-10 small larvae in south-central area.
Egg punctures averaged 30 per square foot in new seeding of alfalfa at Weldon
Springs, St. Charles County. (Huggans). All larval stages ranged 100-120 per

10 sweeps in some alfalfa in Pemiscot and New Madrid Counties; chemical controls
applied to few fields with 50 percent terminal damage. (Jones). ARKANSAS -
Larvae 8-10 per square foot in Mississippi County; about one-fourth of terminals
show feeding. Some fields being treated. (Dumas). Some fields being treated in
Faulkner County. (Boyer). TEXAS - Survey in Brazos, Wharton, and Burleson
Counties revealed adults abundant in most alfalfa examined. Adults particularly
numerous in Wharton County near Boling. First positive identifications in
Wharton and Burleson Counties. Determinations by H.R. Burke. These are new
county records. (Green, Smith). SOUTH DAKOTA - Four adults on stickyboards

west of Spearfish, Lawrence County, March 31-April 7. Currently 2 adults

April 8-16. (Jones). COLORADO - Adults beginning to feed. Evidence of oviposi-
tion noted, but no eggs found in Weld County. (Johnson). First larvae, 2-8 per
100 sweeps, taken April 10 on 2 to 6-inch alfalfa on Western Slope. No larvae
found to April 14 in Montrose County. (Bulla). NEVADA - Adults active and eggs
present in Lovelock, Pershing County. (Martinelli). CALIFORNIA - H. postica and
H. brunneipennis (Egyptian alfalfa weevil) very heavy in much alfalfa in Yolo
County; averaged 100 per sweep. Defoliation heavy. (Cal. Coop. Rpt.).

CLOVER LEAF WEEVIL (Hypera punctata) - KANSAS - Larvae 8-17 per 10 sweeps of
alfalfa in Lyon and Coffey Counties. (Simpson). OHIO - Two larvae collected in
alfalfa in Seneca County. (Tiffin). MARYLAND - More common than H. postica
(alfalfa weevil). (U. Md., Ent. Dept.). GEORGIA - Moderate on crimson clover,
Dougherty County. (Hays).

LESSER CLOVER LEAF WEEVIL (Hypera nigrirostris) - OHIO - Adults averaged 1 per
25 sweeps in north-central area; 3 to 4 per 25 sweeps in some Morrow County fields.
(Richter).

SWEETCLOVER WEEVIL (Sitona cylindricollis) - OHIO - Aduit damage to clover noted
in many fields in northwestern areas. Damage ranged 5-20 percent. Feeding
observed in at least one field in Van Wert, Paulding, Defiance, Seneca, and
Hancock Counties. (Richter).

A WEEVIL (Sitona scissifrons) - WISCONSIN - Averaged 1 per 30 sweeps in alfalfa
on sandy soils in western Dane County. (Wis. Ins. Sur.).

PEA APHID (Acyrthosiphon pisum) - DELAWARE - First of season on alfalfa in New
Castle County. (Burbutis). MARYLAND - Ranged 6-10 per sweep in 10 acres of
alfalfa near Beltsville, Prince Georges County. (U. Md., Ent. Dept.). VIRGINIA -
Light, averaged less than 80 per 100 sweeps, in Montgomery and Botetourt Counties.
(Allen). OHIO - Wingless adults in clover in Seneca, Hancock, and Harding
Counties; about one per sweep. Activity early this year; could reach economic
levels. (Richter). ILLINOIS - Appearing on some alfalfa in Southern area. Not
yet serious. (Ins. Sur. Bull.). WISCONSIN - Increasing slowly and averaged 1
per 10 sweeps in alfalfa near Mazomanie, Dane County. (Wis. Ins. Sur.).

MISSOURI - Averaged 300 per 10 sweeps in alfalfa in Pemiscot and New Madrid
Counties. (Jones). ARKANSAS - Increasing; found on legumes in all sections.
Highest counts 1,200-1,400 per 100 sweeps in crimson clover in Drew County.
(Boyer). KANSAS - Ranged 10-40 per 10 sweeps of alfalfa in Neosho, Wilson, and
Butler Counties. (Redding). OKLAHOMA - Moderate to heavy on alfalfa in King-
fisher, Grady, and Garvin Counties. Light and scattered in several other south-
central counties. Counts per 10 sweeps by county averaged 275 in Payne and 70 in
Noble. Averaged 75 per square foot in Tillman County. (Okla. Coop. Sur.).

NEW MEXICO - Light on alfalfa in Dona Ana, Eddy, Torrance, and Bernalillo Counties.
Heavier infestations causing damage in Chaves County and controls being applied.
(N.M. Coop. Rpt.).

\

— 293) —

TARNISHED PLANT BUG (Lygus lineolaris) - DELAWARE - First adults of season on
alfalfa in Kent County. (Burbutis). OHIO - Adults abundant and active in
northwest and throughout southern areas. (Richter). ILLINOIS - Appeared in
southern area with 100 per 100 sweeps of alfalfa. (Ill. Ins. Rpt.). OKLAHOMA -
Averaged 3 per 10 sweeps of Noble and Payne County alfalfa. (Okla. Coop. Sur.).
ALABAMA - Adults and nymphs ranged 2-10 per sweep on crimson clover throughout
central and southern areas. Many adults newly developed from first-generation
nymphs of 1969. (McQueen).

LYGUS BUGS (Lygus spp.) - KANSAS - Adults 4-9 per 10 sweeps of alfalfa in
Wabaunsee, Lyon, Osage, and Coffey Counties. (Simpson).

MEADOW SPITTLEBUG (Philaenus spumarius) - DELAWARE - First nymphs of season on
alfalfa in New Castle County. (Burbutis). OREGON - New nymphs on alfalfa April
11 at Kiger Island, Benton County. (Westcott).

THREE-CORNERED ALFALFA HOPPER (Spissistilus festinus) - OKLAHOMA - Light on alfalfa
in Coal and Johnston Counties. (Okla. Coop. Sur.).

COTTON

BOLL WEEVIL (Anthonomus grandis) - ALABAMA - No overwintered adults found in 3
southeast counties. (McQueen et al.). GEORGIA - Hibernating weevils per acre
by county: Randolph 0-806; Spalding 0-2,420 (average 402). (Beckham).

BOLLWORMS (Heliothis spp.) - ALABAMA - First to third instars averaged 1 per 10
sweeps in crimson clover field borders in Baldwin and Escambia Counties.
(McQueen).

TOBACCO THRIPS (Frankliniella fusca) - ALABAMA - Adults of this and other thrips
on newly emerged cotton checked in Henry and Covington Counties. Adults 1-2 per
plant on 10-25 percent of small plants. More numerous on plants near field
borders than in center of fields. (Pike et al.).

TOBACCO
FLEA BEETLES - GEORGIA - Heavy on newly set tobacco in Tift County. (Giardeau).

POTATOES, TOMATOES, PEPPERS

SUGAR-BEET WIREWORM (Limonius californicus) - OREGON - Infested seed potatoes in
30-acre field near Canby, Clackamas County. Larvae one or more (up to 6) in each
of 90 percent of seed pieces examined. Field treated 2 weeks earlier (just before
planting) with a chlorinated hydrocarbon. (Crowell).

THREE-LINED POTATO BEETLE (Lema trilineata) - ALABAMA - Few adults on potatoes in
Henry County; seldom seen in State in recent years. (McQueen).

COLE CROPS

DIAMONDBACK MOTH (Plutella xylostella) - FLORIDA - Abundant on wild crucifers or
inadequately treated cole crops at Belle Glade, Palm Beach County. (Genung).

CABBAGE LOOPER (Trichoplusia ni) - FLORIDA - Eggs on all cabbage sampled in un-
treated plots at Sanford, Seminole County, April 10; early instar larvae infested
15-20 percent of plants; none on treated cabbage. Larvae very light on cole
crops, adults increasing in traps at Belle Glade, Palm Beach County, April 15.
Collected and determined by W.G. Genung and G.L. Greene. (Fla. Coop. Sur.).

- 294 -

GENERAL VEGETABLES

ASPARAGUS BEETLE (Crioceris asparagi) - DELAWARE - Adults very common on asparagus
in one area of Kent County. (Burbutis).

CABBAGE LOOPER (Trichoplusia ni) - NEW MEXICO - Control on lettuce very effective.
Populations remain light. (Chappell, Campbell).

WESTERN FLOWER THRIPS (Frankliniella occidentalis) - NEVADA - Medium on green
onions in Moapa Valley, Clark County. (Yamashita, Zoller).

SUGAR-BEET ROOT MAGGOT (Tetanops myopaeformis) - COLORADO - Larvae 0-11 per square
foot in old beet fields at Windsor and Lucerne, Weld County. (Wedderburn).

CORRECTIONS
CEIR 19(14):251 - AMERICAN-DOG TICK (Dermacentor variabilis) - Last sentence in

paragraph: American dog tick in Utah ... should read ROCKY MOUNTAIN WOOD TICK
(Dermacentor andersoni) in Utah ...

CEIR 19(16):276 - PEA APHID (Acrythosiphon pisum) should read ... (Acyrthosiphon
pisum).

CEIR 19(16):283, 284 - HAWAII INSECT REPORT - New State Record -— ... a MUSCID FLY
(Liste leucospila (Wiedemann)) ... should read ... a MUSCID FLY (Lispe leucospila
(Wiedemann)) ...

LIGHT TRAP COLLECTIONS

FLORIDA - Gainesville - 4/11-17, BL - Armyworm (Pseudaletia unipuncta) 4, beet

armyworm (Spodoptera exigua) 4, black cutworm (Agrotis ipSilon » corn earworm
(Heliothis zea) 5, granulate cutworm (Feltia subterranea) 62, salt-marsh cater-

pillar (EStigmene acrea) 3, tobacco budworm (H. virescens) 3, variegated cutworm
(Peridroma Saucia) 4, yellow-striped armyworm " (Brodenia ornithogalli) 3h
MISSISSIPPI - Sto Stoneville - 4/12-18, 2BL, 49-80° F., precip. 2.98 — Armyworm 178,
black cutworm 18, corn earworm 3, salt- marsh caterpillar 4, variegated cutworm
12. MISSOURI - Fair Grove - 4/9-16 - Armyworm 12, variegated cutworm 2. TEXAS -
Brownsville - 4/12-18, 2BL, 61-95° F., trace precip. - Armyworm 1, black cutworm
59, cabbage looper (Trichoplusia ni) 62, corn earworm 175, granulate cutworm 27,
salt-marsh caterpillar 1, tobacco budworm 9, tobacco hornworm (Manduca sexta) 14;
tomato hornworm (M. quinquemaculata) 15, variegated cutworm 10, yellow-striped
armyworm 9. Waco - 4/11-17, BL — Armyworm 58, beet armyworm 1, black cutworm 3,
corn earworm 16, granulate cutworm 17, variegated cutworm 53.

Weather of the week continued from page 288.

TEMPERATURE: In general, Canadian air cooled the West and the North Central
States, and gulf air warmed the South Central States and the fast. Temperatures
tumbled sharply as a slow-moving cold front advanced eastward across the central
part of the Nation. Des Moines, Iowa, registered 74° Tuesday afternoon and only
42° Friday morning. Warmest spots in the Nation included the southwestern deserts
where maximums reached the 90's on 2 or 3 days and the South Central and Southeast
where many stations recorded afternoon temperatures in the 80's. Minimums dropped
below freezing in the northern and central Rocky Mountains on almost every night
and in northern Great Plains in the latter part of the week. North Platte,
Nebraska, registered 21° Friday morning. Warming trend in the Northeast was
followed by weekend cooling. (Summary supplied by Environmental Data Service,
ESSA. )

= 290) —

DECIDUOUS FRUITS AND NUTS

TORTRICID MOTHS - OREGON - First instars, probably Choristoneura rosaceana
(oblique-banded leaf roller), on Red Delicious apple and on prunes at Milton-
Freewater, Umatilla County, week of April 11. (Burkhart). Archips argyrospilus
(fruit-tree leaf roller) eggs hatching on cherry at The Dalles, Wasco County,
and Hood River, Hood River County, week of April 4. (Zwick). MARYLAND -
Argyrotaenia velutinana (red-banded leaf roller) adults emerged, no egg masses

yet. (U. Md., Ent. Dept.).

PERSIMMON BORER (Sannina uroceriformis) - FLORIDA - Larvae severe on 540 of 600
persimmon trees at Grand Island, Lake County, April 10. (Bentley). About 160 of
400 Japanese persimmons in nursery at Tampa, Hillsborough County, burned April 18.
(Hale, Custead). First record of species in Tampa area. (Fla. Coop. Sur.).

PEACH TWIG BORER (Anarsia lineatella) - OREGON - Infested 5-10 percent of
terminals in Brooks prune orchards at Yamhill and McMinnville, Yamhill County.
Numbers lower in Italian prune orchards. (Roberts).

EYE-SPOTTED BUD MOTH (Spilonota ocellana) - OREGON - Larvae active on cherries in
The Dalles, Wasco County, week of April 4. (Zwick).

HICKORY SHUCKWORM (Laspeyresia caryana) - FLORIDA - Adults extremely heavy in,
outdoor emergence cages in pecan district at Monticello, Jefferson County,
April 6-10. Collected and determined by W.H. Whitcomb. (Fla. Coop. Sur.).

GREEN FRUITWORM (Lithophane antennata) - MICHIGAN - Activity increasing at
Livingston County blacklight station. (Janes, Apr. 14),

WHITE PEACH SCALE (Pseudaulacaspis pentagona) - FLORIDA - First crawlers on
peach trees April 2 (April 1 last year) at Monticello, Jefferson County.
Collected and determined by W.H. Whitcomb. All eggs hatched, no crawlers at
Gainesville, Alachua County; 90 percent in first sedentary stage, rest in second
sedentary stage. Collected and determined by L.C. Kuitert. (Fla. Coop. Sur.).

SAN JOSE SCALE (Aspidiotus perniciosus) - FLORIDA - All stages damaged 200 peach
plants in nursery at Glen St. Mary, Baker County. All plants destroyed.
(Collins, King).

APPLE APHID (Aphis pomi) - UTAH - Very numerous on expanding apple buds at Logan,
Cache County. Davis, Knowlton, Apr. 17), PENNSYLVANIA - Nymphs very abundant
on apple buds in Adams, Franklin, and York Counties. (Tetrault, Apr. 10).
MARYLAND - Remains light in most orchards at Hancock, Washington County. (U. Md.,
Ent. Dept.). VIRGINIA - Normally heavy at Winchester. (Hill).

ROSY APPLE APHID (Dysaphis plantaginea) - COLORADO - Nymphs abundant, 1-12 per
fruit cluster, in Mesa County apple orchards. (Bulla). VIRGINIA - Normally
heavy at Winchester. (Hill). MARYLAND - Hatch light in orchard at Hancock,
Washington County. (U. Md., Ent. Dept.).

APPLE GRAIN APHID (Rhopalosiphum fitchii) - INDIANA - nymphs 0-50 (average 14)
per tip on apple in areas of Madison, Delaware, and Elkhart Counties. (Matthew,
Apr. 11). WISCONSIN - Large colonies on Prunus probably indicate complete hatch,
No predators except occasional syrphid fly egg. (Wis. Ins. Sur.).

PEAR PSYLLA (Psylla pyricola) - NEW YORK - Egg laying started April 7 in Ulster
County. (N.Y. Wkly. Rpt.). OREGON - Eggs and first instars at Hood River, Hood
River County, week of April 11. Heavy on unsprayed trees. (Zwick).

SPIDER MITES - WASHINGTON - Bryobia rubrioculus larvae on early prepink apple
and delayed dormant pruné at Kennewick, Franklin County. (Johnson, Apr. 11).
OREGON - Overwintered adults of Tetranychus mcdanieli feeding on developing buds

- 296 -

of apple and pear in Hood River Valley, Hood River County, week of April 11.
(Zwick). Not yet prevalent at Milton-Freewater, Umatilla County. (Burkhart).

T. urticae (two-spotted spider mite) laying eggs on apple in Hood River Valley,
Hood River County, week of April 11. Predatory mites active mostly on apple.
(Zwick). COLORADO - T. urticae becoming active in apple orchards, high on fruit
clusters in delayed dormant pink stage. Mostly in center of trees April 14.
(Bulla) ,

EUROPEAN RED MITE (Panonychus ulmi) - PENNSYLVANIA - Overwintering eggs very
heavy in peach trees in AdamS, Franklin, and York Counties. (Tetrault, Apr. 10),
MARYLAND - Eggs light,no hatch at Hancock, Washington County. (U. Md., Ent.
Dept.).

CITRUS

Citrus Insect Situation in Florida - Mid-March - CITRUS RUST MITE (Phyllocoptruta
oleivora) infested 69 (norm 61) percent Of groves; 50 (norm 41) percent economic.
Above normal and in high range. Temporary decrease expected early in May.

Highest districts south, west, and north. TEXAS CITRUS MITE (Eutetranychus
banksi) infested 29 (norm 41) percent of groves; 10 (norm 19) percent economic.
Expected to remain below normal and in low range. Upward trend will be apparent
in May as new leaves become infested. Highest districts central and east.

CITRUS RED MITE (Panonychus citri) infested 29 (norm 48) percent of groves; 9
(norm 17) percent economic, Below normal in abundance and at low level. Little
change evident until May when gradual increase expected. Highest district east.
SIX-SPOTTED MITE (Eotetranychus sexmaculatus) in 7 percent of groves; less than

2 percent economic. Gradual increase expected, oniy few scattered groves will
develop important infestations. GLOVER SCALE (Lepidosaphes gloverii) infested

72 (norm 80) percent of groves; 8 (norm 22) percent economic. PURPLE SCALE

(L. beckii) infested 64 (norm 81) percent of groves; 6 (norm 12) percent economic,
YELLOW SCALE (Aonidiella citrina) infested 78 (norm 66) percent of groves; 5

(norm 11) percent economic. CHAFF SCALE (Parlatoria pergandii) infested 39

(norm 63) percent of groves; 2 (norm 12) percent economic. BLACK SCALE (Saissetia
oleae) infested 14 (norm 26) percent of groves; 4 (norm 10) percent economic, All
above scales below average abundance for April. All at low or moderate levels in
all districts. Gradual increase expected. An ARMORED SCALE (Unaspis citri)
infested 16 percent of groves; 5 percent moderate to heavy. Populations higher
for this date than prior years. Activity expected to increase in May. WHITEFLY
larvae infested 57 percent of groves, 9 percent moderate to heavy; adults infested
61 percent of groves, 9 percent moderate to heavy; eggs in 50 percent of groves, 5
percent moderate to heavy. Whitefly stages near normal levels. Adults and eggs
will become more numerous, MEALYBUGS still very low but expected to increase in
May. APHIDS infested 58 percent of groves; 13 percent moderate to heavy. Popu-
lation increased sharply, is much above normal, Expected to enter high range in
April and continue high through mid-May then decrease rapidly. (W.A, Simanton
(Citrus Expt. Sta., Lake Alfred)).

Quarterly Citrus Insect and Mite Outlook in Florida - April through June - This
Outlook iS baSed on the assumption that weather beyond the period of the current
U.S. Weather Bureau 30-day Outlook will be normal. Therefore, the forecasts
given below cannot be viewed with the same degree of confidence as those in the
"Insect and Disease Summary" usually released twice each month by this station.

CITRUS RUST MITE (Phyllocoptruta oleivora) expected to remain above normal in or
near high range. Will be important in majority of groves. TEXAS CITRUS MITE
(Eutetranychus banksi) will gradually increase to high range before June, then
increase further to normal summer level. Predicted moderate to heavy for 40
percent of groves, CITRUS RED MITE (Panonychus citri) will gradually increase
through June; not likely to exceed normal abundance or remain long at high level.
SIX-SPOTTED MITE (Eotetranychus sexmaculatus) will appear in about 9 percent of
groves before mid-June then subside. Very few infestations will be important.

= 297 —

BLACK SCALE (Saissetia oleae) will increase rapidly May through June and attain
high level in June but not expected to exceed normal abundance for period.
GLOVER SCALE (Lepidosaphes gloverii), PURPLE SCALE (L. beckii), YELLOW SCALE
(Aonidiella citrina), CHAFF SCALE (Parlatoria pergandii) will change little from
current low to moderate levels before mid-May when gradual increase will begin.
Only few scattered groves expected to develop heavy infestations through June,
An ARMORED SCALE (Unaspis citri) expected to spread and intensify in May,
resulting in June population above normal level. WHITEFLY adults will be numer-
ous until mid-May, followed by rapid increase of larval stage to normal high
level for June. MEALYBUGS will appear suddenly in numerous groves after April.
Increase to normal summer high level expected through June, APHIDS will remain
at abnormally high level through April then rapidly subside in May. (W.A. Simanton)

CALIFORNIA RED SCALE (Aonidiella aurantii) - ARIZONA - Two infestations at Tucson,
Pima County, brings total to 48 infested properties in area. (Ariz. Coop. Sur.).

CITRUS THRIPS (Scirtothrips citri) - ARIZONA - Light to moderate on many trees
in Salt River Valley, Maricopa County. (Ariz. Coop. Sur.).

SMALL FRUITS

A TENT CATERPILLAR (Malacosoma californicum ssp.) - OREGON - First and mostly
second instars abundant on golden currant April 10 near The Dalles, Wasco County,
(Westcott) ,

STRAWBERRY LEAF ROLLER (Ancylis comptana fragariae) - OREGON - Adults active on
strawberry near Scappoose, Columbia County. No Larvae or webbed leaves present.
(Rosenstiel).

MEADOW SPITTLEBUG (Philaenus spumarius) - OREGON - Hatching on strawberry at
Scappoose, Columbia County. Hatch coincided with about 5 percent bloom on Hood
variety plants. (Rosenstiel),

FOREST AND SHADE TREES

SOUTHERN PINE BEETLE (Dendroctonus frontalis) - TEXAS - Several large infestations
being salvaged and some smaller outbreaks obscured by fall and winter hardwood
discoloration caused carryover of known beetle spots for first year since 1962,

On State and private lands 2,399 spots detected and 7,229 trees cut in 106
Suppressed infestations during January through March. For same period in 1968:
266 spots detected ana 1,243 trees cut in 67 controlled spots. Salvaged or
chemically treated 9,633 trees on national forests; 242,000 board feet and 203
cords utilized. Losses occurred on Angelina, Big Thicket, Tenaha, and

Yellowpine Ranger Districts. (Ollieu, For. Pest Activity Rpt.).

BLACK TURPENTINE BEETLE (Dendroctonus terebrans) - TEXAS - Scattered number of
small outbreaks reported January through March, Chemically treated 3 sites and
salvaged 2 others. Infested 350 trees in Colorado, Houston, Jasper, Nacogdoches,
and Shelby Counties. Infestations resulted from logging, fire, lightning, and
excesSive rain; damage static to increasing. (Ollieu, For. Pest Activity Rpt.).

DEODAR WEEVIL (Pissodes nemorensis) - TEXAS - Damage apparent over eastern area
where needles shed from pine leaders killed by adult and larval feeding. Most
damage in sapling to pole stands of open grown stock. Occasional feeding on

younger and older trees visible. (Ollieu, For, Pest Activity Rpt., Jan.-Mar.).

TEXAS LEAF-CUTTING ANT (Atta texana) - TEXAS - Damaged new pine plantations and
other young pine growth. Fed on all pine species on about 1,000 acres in
Angelina, Cherokee, Houston, Montgomery, San Augustine, and Shelby Counties.
Controls applied. (Ollieu, For. Pest Activity Rpt., Jan.-Mar.).

- 298 -

NANTUCKET PINE TIP MOTH (Rhyacionia frustrana) - KANSAS - Adult emergence began
April 7 (5 adults in light traps) and peaked April 14 (109 adults taken) in
Riley County. (Thompson, Sorensen).

EASTERN TENT CATERPILLAR (Malacosoma americanum) - FLORIDA - First adult of year
in blacklight trap at Gainesville, Alachua County, April 14; increased to 15 per
night 3 nights later. (Mead). OKLAHOMA - Very heavy on wild plum in Major
County. (Okla. Coop. Sur.). ARKANSAS - First and second instars on wild cherry
at Fayetteville, Washington County. (Boyer). TENNESSEE - Tents on wild cherry
and apple trees in central and eastern areas. (Pless et al.). INDIANA - Hatch
begun in southern area. Small larvae in 2-inch tents on wild cherry in southwest
and south-central districts. Webs on 5 percent of trees checked, (Huber,

Apr. 11). OHIO - First small tents detected in Ross County April 9 and in Adams
and Scioto Counties April 11 (Scholler, Heazlit); near Kent, Portage County,
April 17 (Gilbertson); and in Wayne County April 15 (Styer). DELAWARE - Tents
and young larvae common on wild cherry trees through most of State. (Burbutis),
VIRGINIA - Infesting trees in Rockbridge, Augusta, Montgomery, Roanoke,
Rockingham, and Shenandoah Counties. Tents up to 30 (average 3-4) per tree.
(Allen). Tents 5-10 per tree in Roanoke and Bedford Counties. Probably second
instar. (Saucier, Jones, Apr. 10), Tents 1-3 per wild cherry tree in York County.
Infestations spotty. (Tate, Apr. 10),

GEOMETRID MOTHS - MICHIGAN - Paleacrita vernata (spring cankerworm) light compared
with 1968 at Livingston County blacklight trap. Fluctuating nightly temperatures
moderated activity of this and Alsophila pometaria (fall cankerworm) in county.
(Janes, Apr. 14). WISCONSIN - Caught 10 P, vernata in blacklight trap April 8-16
at Mazomanie, Dane County. (Wis. Ins. Sur.). NORTH DAKOTA - P. vernata males

and females emerged at Fargo, Cass County. Females light in tanglefoot bands.
Males increasing around lights. (Post),

SMALLER EUROPEAN ELM BARK BEETLE (Scolytus multistriatus) - MINNESOTA - Pupating
at St. Paul, Ramsey County; some larvae but most in prepupal stage. (Minn, Ins.
Rpt.).

CHRYSOMELID BEETLES - ALABAMA - Overwintered adults of Chrysomela scripta complex
(cottonwood leaf beetles) in normal numbers on willows and cottonwoods in
southern and central areas. Egg laying continues. Many groups of small larvae

feeding on willow on lawns, along streams, and roadsides. (McQueen), OKLAHOMA -
Pyrrhalta luteola (elm leaf beetle) adults moderate on Siberian elm in Payne
County. Blepharida rhois adults active in Payne and Noble Counties, (Okla.

Coop. Sur.).

BIRCH LEAF MINER (Fenusa pusilla) - OREGON - Adults emerged in Washington County.
(Goeden) ,

MAN AND ANIMALS

SCREW-WORM (Cochliomyia hominivorax) - Nine cases reported in U.S. April 13-19
as follows: TEXAS - Bee 2, Brooks, 1, Hidalgo 1, Jim Wells 1, Medina 1, Willacy
1; ARIZONA - Cochise 2. Total of 168 cases reported in portion of Barrier Zone
in Republic of Mexico April 6-12 as follows: Sonora 93, Chihuahua 30, Coahuila
3, Nuevo Leon 8, Tamaulipas 34. Six cases reported in Mexico south of Barrier
Zone. Barrier Zone is area where eradication operation underway to prevent
establishment of self-sustaining population in U.S. Sterile screw-worm flies
released: Texas 47,668,000; New Mexico 2,160,000; Arizona 7,500,000; Mexico
100,680,000. (Anim, Health Div.).

CATTLE GRUBS (Hypoderma spp.) - ILLINOIS - Statewide survey of H. lineatum

(common cattle gru and H. bovis (northern cattle grub) in untreated native 1 to
2-year-old beef and dairy cattle completed. Highest average (26.2 grubs per head)
in Massac County. Counts by district: North, 586 grubs in 333 cattle; central,
176 in 249; and south, 775 in 246. State counts: 206 grubs in 445 dairy cattle;

- 299 -

1,331 in 383 beef cattle; overall 1,537 in 828 head, (111. Ins. Rpt.).,

OKLAHOMA - Light to moderate numbers of H. lineatum adults continue to annoy
cattle in most areas. (Okla. Coop. Sur.). FLORIDA - H. lineatum averaged 1 grub
per head April 4, lowest this year. Collected and determined by M.J. Janes,

(Fla. Coop. Sur.).

HORN FLY (Haematobia irritans) - OKLAHOMA - Ranged 50-100 per head on Major
County cattle; light to moderate in Cotton, Garvin, and Payne Counties, (Okla.
Coop. Sur.), ALABAMA - Buildup increased on beef cattle and some dairy herds

in southern and central areas. Ranged 25-100 on many cattle along southern State
line up to Montgomery, Montgomery County. Rapid buildup probably due to high
daytime and night temperatures, good moisture, and high winter survival of pupae.
(McQueen) ,

MOSQUITOES - ALABAMA - Egg laying by Culex pipiens quinquefasciatus and probably
other species widespread during favorable April weather. Larvae numerous in many
containers examined through southern and central areas, Extreme annoyance at
farm ponds in Sumter and other western counties. (McQueen), OKLAHOMA -
Culiseta inornata larvae numerous in containers at Stillwater, Payne County.

Some adults emerged. Larvae of Aedes hendersoni collected from treehole in same
area. (Okla. Coop. Sur.),

A HORSE FLY (Hybomitra nigricans) - OKLAHOMA - Up to 75 (average 30) per head
on cattle checked at Atoka, Atoka County, and Heavener area, Le Flore County,
attacking mostly head area, (Okla. Coop. Sur.).

SHORT-NOSED CATTLE LOUSE (Haematopinus eurysternus) - OKLAHOMA - Heavy on cattle
in Major, Cotton, and Hughes Counties. (Okla. Coop. Sur.),

HOG LOUSE (Haematopinus suis) - ALABAMA - Very heavy on herd of 3 brood sows and
20 pigs at farm in Covington County. Herd closely confined where reinfestation
continues to occur. (McQueen) ,

HARD-BACKED TICKS - OKLAHOMA - Amblyomma americanum (lone star tick) continues
annoying in many areas in eastern half of State. Adults most common. (Okla.
Coop. Sur.). WYOMING - Dermacentor andersoni (Rocky Mountain wood tick) active

in Washakie County. (Parshall).

HOUSEHOLDS AND STRUCTURES

BROWN SPIDER BEETLE (Ptinus clavipes) - IOWA - Collected in bathroom at
Independence, Buchanan County, April 12. Collected in bathroom and living room
at Blencoe, Monona County. These are new county records. (Iowa Ins. Sur.),

SUBTERRANEAN TERMITES (Reticulitermes spp.) - OKLAHOMA - Swarming of winged
reproductives very common in many areas, Termites collected in home at Duncan,
Stephens County, determined R. virginicus by D.E. Howell. (Okla. Coop. Sur.).
UTAH - R. hesperus (western subterranean termite) damaging home at Castle Dale,
Emery County. (Day, Knowlton, Apr. 17),

ORIENTAL COCKROACH (Blatta orientalis) - OREGON - Heavy in basement at Corvallis,
Benton County. (Capizzi),

BENEFICIAL INSECTS

CONVERGENT LADY BEETLE (Hippodamia convergens) - ARIZONA - Averages per 100
sweeps in Graham County: 25 adults on alfalfa and 65 adults and larvae on grain,
(Ariz. Coop. Sur.). COLORADO - This and other species very high inside bunch
grasses at Loveland, Larimer County. (Thatcher). OKLAHOMA - Ranged 3-6 per 10
Sweeps of alfalfa in Payne and Noble Counties; averaged 1.5 per square foot in

- 300 -

Tillman County, (Okla. Coop. Sur.). ALABAMA - Adults ranged 1-5 and larvae 2-10
per sweep in crimson clover along roadsides in central and southern areas, First
generation adults present. (McQueen). FLORIDA - Increasing, 6 adults and 2
larvae in 100 sweeps of oats infested with English grain aphid at Gainesville,
Alachua County. (Mead),

A MELYRID BEETLE (Collops vittatus) - ARIZONA - Averaged 10 adults per 100
sweeps of Maricopa County alfalfa. (Ariz. Coop. Sur.).

GREEN LACEWINGS (Chrysopa spp.) - ARIZONA - Averaged 40 per 100 sweeps of Graham
County alfalfa. (Ariz. Coop. Sur.).

DAMSEL BUGS (Nabis spp.) - ARIZONA - Average per 100 sweeps on alfalfa by county:
Graham 25, Maricopa 10. (Ariz. Coop. Sur.). OKLAHOMA - Ranged 1-3 per 10 sweeps
in Payne and Noble County alfalfa. (Okla. Coop. Sur.).

FLOWER BUGS (Orius spp.) - ARIZONA - Average per 100 sweeps by county: Graham
40 on alfalfa; Maricopa 20 on sugarbeets. (Ariz. Coop. Sur.). FLORIDA -

O. insidiosus increasing, on rye at Gainesville, Alachua County; 8 adults in
TOO Sweeps. (Mead),

A BIG-EYED BUG (Geocoris punctipes) - ALABAMA - Adults and nymphs ranged 2-10
per sweep in crimSon clover in southern and central areas. (McQueen),

HONEY BEE (Apis mellifera) - WASHINGTON - Winter mortality up to 60 percent in
Yakima Valley, Yakima County; 40 percent at Cashmere, Chelan County; 50 percent
at Spokane, Spokane County. (Johnson, Howell, Apr. 11).

FEDERAL AND STATE PLANT PROTECTION PROGRAMS

CARIBBEAN FRUIT FLY (Anastrepha suspensa) - FLORIDA - Larvae. abundant, increasing
rapidly in loquat at Wauchula, Hardee County, and Arcadia, De Soto County.
(Rhodes) .

CEREAL-LEAF BEETLE (Oulema melanopus) - OHIO - Adults active throughout north-
central areas. Highest in Morrow County; 8 per 25 sweeps in field north of
Fulton, Feeding damage light. (Richter),

GRASSHOPPERS - OKLAHOMA - Young Melanoplus sp. nymphs averaged 2 per 10 sweeps
on alfalfa margins in McClain County week of April 7. Light Ageneotettix deorum
hatch in pastureland week of April 14 in Garfield and Kingfisher Counties.
(Okla. Coop. Sur.),

IMPORTED FIRE ANT (Solenopsis saevissima richteri) - GEORGIA - Light along State

highway at Folkston, Charlton County, April 10, Collected by K.L. Davenport.
Determined by D.R. Smith. This is a new county record. (PPC), TENNESSEE -
None found in Coffee, Cumberland, and Grundy Counties. (Greene et al.).

PINK BOLLWORM (Pectinophora gossypiella) - NEVADA - Larvae in double seeds in
surface trash samples, larvae and pupae in soil samples in cotton field in Moapa
Valley, Clark County. (PPC,Nev. Dept. Agric.).

WHITE-FRINGED BEETLES (Graphognathus spp.) - GEORGIA - Heavy in field of tobacco
in Cook County. Damage 5-10 percent. (Smith). This is a new county record,
(PPC) .

- 301 -

HAWAII INSECT REPORT

New State Record - A LEAFHOPPER (Empoasca stevensi) moderate on plumeria at
University of Hawaii, Honolulu, Oahu, in January 1969. This leafhopper has been
reported on papaya in Florida and is considered an important pest of avocado in
Ecuador. Closely resembles E. solana (southern garden leafhopper). Determined
by J.P. Kramer. (Beardsley).

Turf - Adults of HAWAIIAN GRASSBUG (Oronomiris hawaiiensis) heavy, 50 per 5 sweeps,
on Bermuda grass along road shoulders at Ewa and Waianae and at airport and
vicinity in Honolulu, Oahu. (Shiroma et al.).

Vegetables - BEAN FLY (Melanagromyza phaseoli) larvae generally light in commer-
Cial Snap beans throughout Oahu. Medium to heavy in seedlings and some older
plantings of snap and yard-long beans in gardens at Ewa, Waialua, and Kahuku.
DIAMONDBACK MOTH (Plutella xylostella) larvae severe (as many as 25 per leaf) and
adults medium in white-stemmed cabbage field at Halawa, Oahu. (Suzukawa).
SOUTHERN GREEN STINK BUG (Nezara viridula) eggs, nymphs, and adults increasing in
mustard cabbage fields at Waianae, Oahu. Some adults bore eggs of Trichopoda
pennipes var. pilipes (a tachina fly). (Yamamoto).

Miscellaneous Insects - Kill of a GRASSHOPPER (Oedaleus abruptus) excellent in
treated localities at Hickam Air Force Base and adjacent Fort Kamehameha in
Honolulu, Oahu. Two new, separate infested areas found at Hickam Air Force
Base; one adult found at Fort Kamehameha. Treatments and surveillance continuing.
(Olson). RED-SHOULDERED STINK BUG (Thyanta accerra) nymphs and adults on Oahu
remain light on swollen fingergrass at Sand Island, in airport area, and leeward
coast from Ewa to Makaha. One adult found feeding on strawberry guava at Koko
Head. (Funasaki et al.). KOA HAOLE LOOPER (Anacamptodes fragilaria) moths
numerous and resting on building adjacent to koa-haole -(Leucaena leucocephala)
growths at Hickam Air Force Base, Honolulu, Oahu. Loopers lightly feeding on
leaves of rose, hibiscus, pear, kiawe, slender mimosa, and koa-haole in various
areas of Oahu. (Takabayashi, Nakao).

INSECT DETECTION

New State Record

A LEAFHOPPER (Empoasca stevensi) - HAWAII - Found on plumeria at Honolulu, Oahu,
January 1969. “Determined by J.P. Kramer. (p. 301).

New County Records

GARDEN SYMPHYLAN (Scutigerella immaculata) - IOWA - Webster County. (p. 290).

ALFALFA WEEVIL (Hypera postica) - TEXAS - Burleson and Wharton Counties.
Gp 292)

BROWN SPIDER BEETLE (Ptinus clavipes) - IOWA - Buchanan and Monona Counties.
(p. 299).

IMPORTED FIRE ANT (Solenopsis saevissima richteri) - GEORGIA - Charlton County.
(p. 300).

WHITE-FRINGED BEETLES (Graphognathus spp.) - GEORGIA - Cook County. (p. 300).

Distribution of Egyptian Alfalfa Weevil.

brunneipennis )

(Hypera

- 302 -

(i:

UNITED Bek

03001 0001.

=

F AGRICULTURE

AGRICULTURAL RESEARCH SERVICE

PLANT PEST CONTROL DIVISION

SURVEY AND DETECTION OPERATIONS

The Cooperative Economic Insect Report is issued
weekly as a service to American Agriculture. Its contents
are compiled from information supplied by cooperating State,
Federal, and industrial entomologists and other agricultural
workers. In releasing this material the Division serves as
a clearing house and does not assume responsibility for ac-
curacy of the material.

All reports and inquiries pertaining to this release,
including the mailing list, should be sent to:

Survey and Detection Operations
Plant Pest Control Division
Agricultural Research Service
United States Department of Agriculture
Federal Center Building
Hyattsville, Maryland 20782

Volume 19 May 2, 1969 Number 18

COOPERATIVE ECONOMIC INSECT REPORT

HIGHLIGHTS

Current Conditions

GREENBUG decreasing in Moapa and Clark Counties, Nevada. In Oklahoma parasitism
up to 90 percent in many areas. Greenbugs numerous on small grains in South
Carolina. (p. 305).

POTATO PSYLLID adults and eggs heavy on Lycium spp. in Nye and Clark Counties in
Nevada. (p. 305).

PALE WESTERN CUTWORM heavy on wheat in areas of Wyoming, Colorado, Kansas, and
Oklahoma. (p. 306).

ALFALFA WEEVIL damaging in several States. (p. 307).
PEA APHID buildup slow on alfalfa on Maryland Eastern Shore, Heavy in alfalfa in
several southwest and west-central counties in Oklahoma. Heavy on alfalfa in

Graham County, Arizona. (p. 308).

First hatch of GYPSY MOTH April 17 in Burlington County, New Jersey. (p. 313).

Detection
An ERIOPHYID MITE reported for the first time in California. (p. 311).
A POWDER-POST TERMITE reported for the first time in Alabama. (p. 313).

For new county records see page 314.
Special Reports

Boll Weevil Survival Surveys - Spring 1969. (p. 315). The number of weevils per
acre in spring 1969 higher in most areas reporting than in 1968.

Japanese Beetle Quarantine Map. Centerfold.

Reports in this issue are for week ending April 25 unless otherwise indicated.

=9 3.03) i=

- 304 -

CONTENTS
Special Insects of Regional SiphEPA CANCE ss ive, d Hasca os repose te | eee Dee OD
Insects Affecting
Corn, Sorghum, Sugarcane......2.+ee300 General Vegetables......2-.0+e2++309
Smad) Grains) cic cree o steisicieleis slccle civic leis DOO Deciduous Fruits and Nuts.......310
Turf, Pastures, Rangeland.....+.e.+-306 GLELUS ce cicvetei cvelejeveieieie le oteveteveteretaleretaorO,
Forde wUesumes sis, svelcneieee's) pers lee) simiejeiers 30:0 Smad TR TUTUCS cicepel lever ecteisisvereierererepeytouel:
MOIDAG COvsretelenscol cle teushelersierevsleleleisie steele eee OO Ornamentals... 0s cc ccc cciecciels see io il
Sugambeetsisisysraicie:cisiarel evel sielel sfersislejelsters OO: Forest and Shade Trees..........311
Beans) candi, PEAS sc ecsse\e) +s <fcveye) eiefelsieie ee) + SOO Man .and Animals. .....ciececevecicc edhe
COMERETODSircicetalsielenckeiopeletslelersiolteteneteiel arc OO Households and Structures.......d313
Beneficial | TNSECTS Beic'< aio co leveie sicl sisi o sl el's e/e'lel'el si'solsiiaie) si ele| c's slielislie’/s\alowlielisi'cle/ ee\\s seere sieielicleleticnlonlec)
Federal jand)sState Plant. Protee tion. ,Prog rams ios x0; 2,61 61-0114).6} 6) 0:01 ei)shie:ce) «) se) 0) 0: o1'e\ oho) oy of elorereuctane ones
COMME CHETIONS fsa sive) lel eyelet oie) eierelessvelore) ale\o cyelelsletol\si.c)ioue lols) succes) s/olleloielelerelia\ oleh ellie si evalereiel hefeteR Rone
TNS ect WDSc! t WO Mss eaite\ oa wate erie) lve: a /oi ehleieivelve Jo'le'la/lollclielie}ielie//ehie\'e\/o.ye: eleliatelloi ete) uete/ols [allay eileieferelisiteletejevetenaneson led
Lichity Trap) ComectiOnSvetsrc silcienssciotel cr encicye oie ste/is) ous)-eie) lat oto (eee (e's efeleeiielielleliaVellolieliolcHeyoheiieiet cnet meLON:
Hawati INSec tVREPOL tis) x: 06 ies cileisielol steele (0) eter eleleve\lolelexsie (ole obey elalorie: siieiietes.s)eievehevorel sferellefoiey sNeRelonebstoplee
Boll Weevil Survival Surveys — Spring 1969). o2..:s/c1c 0,0 6 © 0,5, 0.010. 0 0) 60°06) a7; slene slejejalele) ee[ Oo

Japanese Beetle Quarantine Map. Centerfold.

WEATHER OF THE WEEK ENDING APRIL 28

HIGHLIGHTS: Snowstorms occurred in northern California above 4,000 feet, in
northern Rockies, Great Plains, central Appalachians. Thundershowers were common
in the South.

PRECIPITATION: A storm centered in the western Great Lakes region on Monday
moved eastward arriving at the Atlantic coast about midweek. It produced squally
weather over the Great Lakes and blustery, cool, wet weather to much of the
northeastern quarter of the Nation. Damaging winds occurred from Iowa to Ohio.
Snow and sleet fell in Upper Michigan and rains drenched the Northeast from Maine
to West Virginia. Several inches of snow fell in parts of northern New England,
and 3 to 4 inches in mountains near Richwood, West Virginia. Another storm moved
inland in the Far Northwest accompanied by rain and brisk winds. Five inches of
snow fell at Blue Canyon, California. Showers with snow in the mountains fell
from Washington and Oregon to the western portions of Montana and Utah, Thunder-
showers occurred in the Rocky Mountains early in the week and from Texas across
the Deep South to the Atlantic Ocean. Hail 1 and 1.25 inches in diameter fell at
Denver, Colorado, on Tuesday, and tornadoes were seen in Mississippi on Wednesday.
Over the weekend, this storm brought moderate to heavy snow and blizzard conditions
to parts of the northern Rockies and the northern Great Plains. A foot or so of
snow fell in some localities in northeastern Wyoming, and Duluth, Minnesota,
recieved 9 inches, Meanwhile, thunderstorms and a few tornadoes occurred in
Oklahoma, Texas, Arkansas, Louisiana, and Mississippi. Weather of the week
continued on page 309.

- 305 -

SPECIAL INSECTS OF REGIONAL SIGNIFICANCE

ARMY CUTWORM (Chorizagrotis auxiliaris) - IDAHO - Larvae destroyed several hundred
acres of flixweed, an important spring host plant of beet leafhopper, in Butte and
Pot Hole Creek areas, Elmore County. (PPC, Apr. 14). WYOMING - Larvae light in
alfalfa in Platte and Laramie Counties. Ranged 0-2, averaged less than 1, per
linear foot in wheat in Platte, Goshen, and Laramie Counties. (Parshall). UTAH:-
Very light in winter wheat at Howell, Box Elder County. (Knowlton, Apr. 21).
COLORADO - Larval counts unchanged (0-4 per linear foot) on wheat throughout
northeastern and east-central area. (Johnson, Pilcher). KANSAS - Averaged less
than 1 per row foot of wheat examined in southwest district. All larvae nearly
full grown. (Simpson).

BEET LEAFHOPPER (Circulifer tenellus) - WYOMING - Cooperative surveys of waste-
land adjacent to Sugarbeet growing areas of Washakie and southern Big Horn County
conducted April 16-18. Leafhoppers averaged 0.11 per square foot compared with
0.35 in 1968. Largest infestations in river bottom areas; however, leafhoppers
collected in widely scattered areas. (Parshall et al.).

GREENBUG (Schizaphis graminum) - NEVADA - This species and Rhopalosiphum maidis
declined rapidly, very low on barley and wheat in Moapa and Virgin Valleys, Clark
County. Predators, especially lady beetles, heavy. (Bechtel, Zoller). ARIZONA -
Complex of S. graminum and R. maidis feeding on young sorghum in Gila Valley and
Parker Valley areas, Yuma County. Some treating. Infestations spotty and many
aphids parasitized. Greenbug moderate on young sorghum at Queen Creek, Maricopa
County, and building up on 2 to 3-inch plants in Pinal County. (Ariz. Coop. Sur.).
NEW MEXICO - S. graminum heavy in field of barley at Roswell, Chaves County.
(Mathews). OKLAHOMA - Present in wheat in southwest quarter of State; parasitism
ranged up to 90 percent in many areas. Wheat heading. (Okla. Coop. Sur.).
KANSAS - None on wheat examined in 8 southwest counties. (Simpson). NEBRASKA -
Single specimens found on wheat at Beatrice, Gage County, and near Fremont,
Saunders County. (Wallen). SOUTH CAROLINA - Very numerous on small grains,
especially barley, statewide. Infestations on barley heads not serious in most
cases. Natural enemies very low. Unless weather warms, control may be necessary.
(Thomas, Apr. 23).

POTATO PSYLLID (Paratrioza cockerelli) - NEVADA - Adults and eggs heavy on Lycium
spp. at Beatty, Nye County, and at lower elevations of Spring Mountains in Clark
County. Adults, eggs, and nymphs heavy on Lycium spp. in Moapa and Virgin Valleys,
Clark County. (Bechtel, Zoller).

SPOTTED ALFALFA APHID (Therioaphis maculata) - NEVADA - Reduced to low levels, 1-2
per sweep, in most heavy Spots in forage legumes in Moapa Valley, Clark County.
Parasites and predators heavy. (Bechtel, Zoller). NEW MEXICO - Generally light
on alfalfa in Chaves County. Infestations heavier in some fields; 300+ per 25
sweeps in one field. (Mathews). OKLAHOMA - Heavy in alfalfa in Kiowa County,
moderate in Harmon County, and light in Tillman County. (Okla. Coop. Sur.).

CORN, SORGHUM, SUGARCANE

EUROPEAN CORN BORER (Ostrinia nubilalis) - PENNSYLVANIA - Borers per stalk of corn
stover averaged 1.35 in 3 York County fields, 0.61 in 4 Lancaster County fields.
(Sleesman, Rhoads, Apr. 17). DELAWARE - Pupation averaged 40 percent in Kent and
Sussex Counties. (Burbutis). MARYLAND - Pupation ranged 10-30 percent on Eastern
Shore. (U. Md., Ent. Dept.). ILLINOIS - No pupation found at Cairo, Alexander
County. (I1l. Ins. Rpt.). MINNESOTA - Overwintering survival in southeast
district averaged 92.4 percent; much higher than normal due probably to heavy

Snow cover past winter. (Minn. Ins. Rpt.).- SOUTH DAKOTA - April 19 survey showed
increase in winter mortality compared with 1967 and 1968. Average percent
mortality by county: Bon Homme 45, Clay 32.5, and Yankton 25. (Whipple, Jones).

SUGARCANE BEETLE (Euetheola rugiceps) - GEORGIA - Destroying stand of corn in
Bulloch County. (O'Stean, Jordan). This is a new county record. (PPC).

= 306 =

SMALL GRAINS

PALE WESTERN CUTWORM (Agrotis orthogonia) - WYOMING - Heaviest in Dwyer area,
Platte County; Yoder and Veteran areas, Goshen County; and Pine Bluffs area,
Laramie County. Counts ranged 0-11 (averaged 1.9) per linear foot. Averaged
less than 1 per linear foot in other wheatfields checked in Platte, Goshen, and
Laramie Counties. Some fields in Yoder area sprayed. (Parshall). COLORADO -
Larvae caused extensive damage on wheat in Phillips, Washington, Yuma, and Kit
Carson Counties. Ranged 4-6 per linear foot of drill row throughout area.
Controls applied where stands good. Ranged 0-3 per linear foot in Logan and
Sedgwick Counties; damage light. Ranged 0-5 per linear foot in New Raymer and
Stoneham area, Weld County; wheat spotty. (Pilcher, Johnson). OKLAHOMA -
Ranged 3-9 per linear foot in wheat in Texas County, occasional fields heavily
damaged. Light in Cimarron County. (Okla. Coop. Sur.). KANSAS - Larvae per
foot of row: 0-6 in wheat examined in Stevens, Grant, Stanton, and Hamilton
Counties, and 0-2 in Kearney, Finney, and Gray Counties. Larvae small to half
grown; only slight damage in most fields. Fields treated in Stanton and Stevens
Counties. (DePew, Simpson).

ENGLISH GRAIN APHID (Macrosiphum avenae) - FLORIDA - All stages averaged 27 per
100 sweeps of nearly mature wheat at Marianna, Jackson County. (Mead). MARYLAND -
Very light on small grains on Eastern Shore. Ranged 1-5 per 10 sweeps. (U. Md.,
Ent. Dept.). ILLINOIS - Remains low, 40-50 per 100 sweeps. (111. Ins. Rpt.).
WISCONSIN - Common in rye and ranged up to 3 per 100 sweeps (mostly alates, some
apterae) in Trempealeau, La Crosse, and Marquette Counties. (Wis. Ins. Sur.).
NEBRASKA - Averaged less than 1 per 20 sweeps in 14 wheatfields in Lancaster,
Cass, Otoe, Johnson, and Gage Counties. (Keith).

SOUTHERN GREEN STINK BUG (Nezara viridula) - FLORIDA - Adults up to 6 per 100
sweeps of nearly mature wheat at Marianna, Jackson County. (Mead).

A THRIPS (Haplothrips graminis) - FLORIDA - Adults averaged 75 per 100 sweeps
of wheat in Marianna, Jackson County. (Mead).

BROWN WHEAT MITE (Petrobia latens) - OKLAHOMA - Averaged 50 per linear foot on
wheat in Cimarron County. (Okla. Coop. Sur.). COLORADO - Light to moderate in
Washington and Yuma Counties. Feeding damage evident in some wheatfields.
(Pilcher). UTAH - Light on winter wheat at Blue Creek, Box Elder County.
(Knowlton).

TURF, PASTURES, RANGELAND

GREEN JUNE BEETLE (Cotinis nitida) - ALABAMA - Larvae, 2-12 per square foot,
causing damage at golf course in Lee County. About 60 acres of fairways being
treated. (Leeper et al.).

AN ARMORED SCALE (Odonaspis ruthae) - ARIZONA - Observed along ditchbanks
bordering Bermuda grass-seed fields at Wellton, Yuma County. (Ariz. Coop. Sur.).
FLORIDA - Infesting Bermuda grass at Crescent City, Putnam County. (Graham,

Apr. 15). This is a new county record. (Fla. Coop. Sur.).

MEADOW SPITTLEBUG (Philaenus spumarius) - WISCONSIN - Eggs hatched as far north
as Coon Valley in Crawford County. (Wis. Ins. Sur.).

GLASSY CUTWORM (Crymodes devastator) - OREGON - Larvae infesting grass seed fields
near Imbler, Union County. Some controls required. (Every).

WINTER GRAIN MITE (Penthaleus major) - OREGON - Very abundant in portion of blue-
grass seed field west of Imbler, Union County. (Every).

= UG

FORAGE LEGUMES

ALFALFA WEEVIL (Hypera postica) - NEW YORK - First adult on stickyboard trap April
17 at Ithaca, Tompkins County. (N.Y. Wkly. Rpt.). NEW JERSEY - Numbers
abnormally low. Plant growth well ahead of population in most central and
southern counties. Few adults April 21 near Columbus, Burlington County. (Ins.-
Dis. Newsltr.). PENNSYLVANIA - Larvae light on alfalfa terminals in several
Westmoreland County fields. (Hower, Apr. 15). MARYLAND - Adults migrating into
fields throughout State. (U. Md., Ent. Dept.). VIRGINIA - Probably last instars
averaged 3-5 per stem in Charlotte County. (Allen). OHIO - Fewer adults found in
southern areas; probably result of weather, not indication of decreasing popula-
tions. Eggs in Highland and Adams Counties only. Larvae in southern areas much
lower than expected. Larvae reported in alfalfa in Clark County. Highest larval
counts in Montgomery County near Germantown and Brown County near Georgetown.
(Richter). INDIANA - Adults active in southern area. Ranged up to 4 per sweep
(day samples) and feeding light on 5 percent of terminals in Ohio River areas of
south-central district; 75 percent of adults mating. Averaged 1 adult per sweep
(day sampling) and trace feeding in Seymour area, Johnson County. Adults ranged
0-5 per 100 sweeps (night samples) and no larvae or feeding evident in Lafayette
area, Tippecanoe County. (Gerhold et al., Apr. 18). Development slightly behind
that of 1967. Currently larvae ranged 35-87 per square foot in southern third

of State; feeding visible on 15-25 percent of plants. (Huber, Apr. 18). ILLINOIS -
Counts per 100 sweeps by district: Southwest - larvae increased to 830-2,500
(averaged 1,847) per 100 sweeps, 42 percent tip feeding; southeast - 300-1,050
(averaged 620), 29 percent tip feeding; east-southeast - averaged 101 larvae, 4

percent tip feeding; west-southwest - larvae averaged 39, tip feeding not noted;
central - larvae 10-20. (Ill. Ins. Rpt.). TENNESSEE - Damage heavy in Hardeman
County fields. (PPC, Apr. 18). Larval damage moderate in Hartsville area in

Trousdale County. Larval counts in Montgomery County range to 300 per 100 sweeps.
Controls being applied. (Webster et al.). SOUTH CAROLINA - Larvae very heavy in
all unsprayed alfalfa in State. No adults or pupae present. Controls satisfactory.
(Thomas, Apr. 23). ALABAMA - Larval infestations developing, causing considerable
damage to alfalfa in De Kalb and other northern counties; in Macon County 21

acres of vetch treated because of heavy population. (Robinson, et al.).
ARKANSAS - Variable over State. Larvae 300-1,000 in 100 sweeps in Mississippi
County. (Dumas). Larvae per terminal: 3-10 in 4 north-central counties; less

than 8 in 4 northwest counties, including Madison County; 1-3 in Logan County.
Pupae in all areas. Larval populations probably peaked. Madison is new county
record. (Roberts). Found by J.R. Phillips for first time in Van Buren, Searcy, and
Pope Counties. (Boyer). Fulton County is new county record. (PPC). MISSOURI -
First, second, and third instars ranged 10-51 per 10 sweeps on alfalfa in Phelps
County; 25 percent terminal damage noted in some fields. (Munson). Ranged O-11
larvae per 10 sweeps in alfalfa in Boone County; adults ranged 0-3 per 10 sweeps.
(Peters). All larval instars averaged 520 per 10 sweeps in few untreated alfalfa
fields in New Madrid County; adults averaged 5 per 10 sweeps. (Jones). KANSAS -
Adults 3-5 and larvae 1-3 per sweep in 6 Finney County alfalfa fields. (DePew).
Adults 1-4 and larvae 1-5 per 10 sweeps on alfalfa in Rush, Barton, Rice, Pawnee,
and Edwards Counties. These are new county records. (Simpson). WYOMING - Mating in
Platte and Laramie Counties. Averaged 1 per square foot in 2 Platte County fields.
(Parshall). UTAH - Active throughout Washington County. (Huber, Knowlton, Apr. 18).
Mating in Salt Lake County alfalfa. (Knowlton, Apr. 24).

EGYPTIAN ALFALFA WEEVIL (Hypera brunneipennis) - CALIFORNIA - Medium on alfalfa
at Fresno, Fresno County. (Cal. Coop. Rpt.).

CLOVER HEAD WEEVIL (Hypera meles) - ALABAMA - Larvae light to heavy, on seed heads
of crimson clover throughout central counties. Although occurs statewide on this
crop, usually economic only in central counties. Mixed numbers of H. nigrirostris
(lesser clover leaf weevil), H. punctata (clover leaf weevil), and H. postica
(alfalfa weevil) also occurring on seed heads and leaves. (Miller et al.).

=—308i—

LESSER CLOVER LEAF WEEVIL (Hypera nigrirostris) - OHIO - Adults common and widely
distributed in southwestern area. (Richter).

CLOVER LEAF WEEVIL (Hypera punctata) - WISCONSIN - Larvae causing some injury to
alfalfa field in Spring Green area, Sauk County. (Wis. Ins. Sur.). OHIO - Few
larvae found in some southwestern area fields. (Richter). MISSOURI - All larval
stages ranged 1-8 per square foot in alfalfa in Phelps County. (Munson). Larvae
ranged 0-3 per 10 sweeps in 4 alfalfa fields in Boone County. (Peters). KANSAS -
Larvae 0-8 per 10 sweeps in most alfalfa examined in southwest, south-central,
central, and east-central districts. (Simpson).

PEA APHID (Acyrthosiphon pisum) - MARYLAND - Slow buildup on alfalfa on Eastern
Shore. Ranged 1-5 per Sweep. (U. Md., Ent. Dept.). OHIO - Few adults in alfalfa
and clover. One winged adult collected in southwest area. (Richter). ILLINOIS -
Continues light, 20-4,000 per 100 sweeps in alfalfa. (I11l. Ins. Rpt.).

WISCONSIN - Beginning to produce nymphs. Ranged up to 3 per 10 sweeps in few
southern alfalfa fields, scarce in La Crosse, Trempealeau, Wood, Waushara, and
Marquette Counties. Ranged 1-2 per 10 sweeps in Crawford, Grant, and Sauk
Counties. (Wis. Ins. Sur.). MISSOURI - Averaged 860 per 10 sweeps in untreated
alfalfa in southeast area. (Jones). ARKANSAS - Variable over State, may have
reached peak. Predators and parasites effective. (Boyer). OKLAHOMA - Heavy in
alfalfa in several southwest and west-central counties. Ranged up to 1,000 per
square foot or 1,500 per 10 sweeps in many fields. Moderate in Kingfisher and
Payne Counties, light in Noble County. Averaged 1,000 per square foot in Austrian
Winter peas in Tillman County. (Okla. Coop. Sur.). KANSAS - Ranged per 10 sweeps
from 200 in Edwards County to 5-25 in Barton, Rush, Rice, Ellsworth, Pawnee, Ford,
Gray, Finney, and Kearny Counties. (Simpson). NEW MEXICO - Light in alfalfa over
most of State. (N.M. Coop. Rpt.). ARIZONA - Heavy on alfalfa at Safford, Graham
County; averaged 3,500 per 100 sweeps in Yuma County. (Ariz. Coop. Sur.).

NEVADA - Occasional specimens in alfalfa in Moapa Valley, Clark County. (Bechtel,
Zoller). UTAH - Moderate and damaging alfalfa in Washington County. (Huber,
Knowlton, Apr. 21).

LYGUS BUGS (Lygus spp.) - ARIZONA - Averaged 25 per 100 sweeps in alfalfa at
Safford, Graham County. (Ariz. Coop. Sur.). NEBRASKA - Averaged less than 1 per
20 sweeps in 2 Lancaster County alfalfa fields. (Keith). WASHINGTON - First and
second-stage nymphs of L. hesperus ranged 50-100 per 25 sweeps April 10 on hedge-
mustard (Sisymbrium altissimum) at Wallula, Walla Walla County. Adults averaged
23 per 25 sweeps on alfalfa. (Hagel).

THREE-CORNERED ALFALFA HOPPER (Spissistilus festinus) - ARIZONA - Averaged 50 per
100 sweeps of alfalfa at Safford, Graham County. Ariz. Coop. Sur.).

MEADOW SPITTLEBUG (Philaenus spumarius) - INDIANA - First egg hatch of season
observed in southern third of State. First instars ranged up to 9 per 10 stems

on clover in Floyd County area, trace on alfalfa in Jackson County. (Hintz,

Huber, Apr. 18). OHIO - First instars common on clover and alfalfa throughout
southwest area. Heaviest in southernmost counties, one field in Brown County

with up to 5 nymphs on about 30 percent of stems. Spittlebugs appearing north of
U.S. Highway 40. Young nymphs reported from Wayne County, near Wooster. (Niemczyk).

SAY STINK BUG (Pitedia sayi) - ARIZONA - Ranged 30-50 per 100 sweeps of alfalfa
at Safford, Graham County. (Ariz. Coop. Sur.).

CUTWORMS - WISCONSIN - Reduced compared to 1968 in Wood County area. Spaelotis
clandestina (w-marked cutworm), dominant; small larvae averaged 1 per 4 plants in

2 fields checked. Few Feltia spp. and Lacinipolia renigera (bristly cutworm)
larvae in these fields. Alfalfa growth good and feeding masked. (Wis. Ins. Sur.).

OMNIVOROUS LEAF TIER (Cnephasia longana) - OREGON - More numerous than previous
veres in crimson clover near Mt. Angel, Marion County. Larvae leaving leaf mines.
Every).

= 309 -

TOBACCO

FLEA BEETLES - TENNESSEE - Generally troublesome in tobacco plant beds throughout
Johnson County. Controls in progress and planned. (Walker).

TOBACCO FLEA BEETLE (Epitrix hirtipennis) - VIRGINIA - Overwintered adults
emerging in hibernating cages; few noted on tobacco at Chatham, Pittsylvania
County. (Dominick, Apr. 16).

SUGARBEETS

WIREWORMS - WASHINGTON - Limonius spp. larvae ranged 2-4 per row foot, and
Ctenicera pruinina (Great BaSin wireworm) 1 per row foot on sugarbeets in Yakima
Valley April 11. Wireworms in sugarbeets more acute because of low seeding rates.
(Landis).

BEANS AND PEAS

SEED-CORN MAGGOT (Hylemya platura) - ALABAMA - Larvae caused much damage to seedling
leaves in home gardens and Some Commercial plantings in Jackson and De Kalb
Counties. (Leeper et al.).

COLE CROPS

IMPORTED CABBAGEWORM (Pieris rapae) - OHIO - Adults observed in southern areas
Since April 3; few in northwest area April 19. (Richter). MICHIGAN - Flights
greatly increased April 26 in Livingston County. (Newman).

GENERAL VEGETABLES

ONION THRIPS (Thrips tabaci) - ARIZONA - Heavy on seed onions at Poston, Yuma
County; treated. (Ariz. Coop. Sur.).

CABBAGE LOOPER (Trichoplusia ni) - NEW MEXICO - Controls effective on lettuce in
Dona Ana County. (N.M. Coop. Rpt.).

Weather of the week continued from page 304.
A tornado injured 30 persons and destroyed a trailer park near Dallas, Texas.

TEMPERATURE: Clear skies, mild temperatures, and generally pleasant weather pre-
vailed over most of the South early in the week while chilly weather with sub-
freezing temperatures were common in the North. A large HIGH covered the North
Central States at midweek. Brisk southerly winds behind the HIGH warmed the
western Great Plains Thursday afternoon when temperatures reached the 80's as far
north as eastern Montana. Cooler weather occurred behind a cold front which, on
Thursday, stretched from western Montana to Arizona. By Friday morning tempera-
tures dropped to freezing or colder over most of the intermountain region. Chilly
weather occurred east of the Mississippi River with freezing temperatures occurring
as far south as Asheville and Raleigh, North Carolina. Most of the East enjoyed

a mild, pleasant weekend. Temperatures averaged above normal over the Rocky
Mountains, the western edge of the central and southern Great Plains, and from the
eastern half of the Dakotas to western New York, and near or below normal over the
rest of the Nation. Southern Appalachians averaged 5°-8° cooler than normal.
(Summary supplied by Environmental Data Service, ESSA.)

= 310) =

DECIDUOUS FRUITS AND NUTS

EASTERN TENT CATERPILLAR (Malacosoma americanum) - VIRGINIA - Tents on apple and
peach in Pittsylvania County, (Dominick, Apr. 12). Tents up to 10 inches on
apple in Bedford, Charlotte, Campbell, and Roanoke Counties, (Allen).
PENNSYLVANIA - Many tents forming on fruit trees; outbreak expected. (Pa. For.
Pest Rpt., Apr.). CONNECTICUT - Hatching on apple; small larvae on unsprayed
trees, (Kollas, Apr. 22).

A PSYCHID MOTH (Apterona crenulella) - UTAH - Very numerous on cherry trees and
many on other trees in orchard near Ogden, Weber County. (Knowlton, Whiting,
Apr. 24).

RED-BANDED LEAF ROLLER (Argyrotaenia velutinana) - CONNECTICUT - Few adults on
apple at East Lyme, New London County. (Kollas, Apr. 22). MICHIGAN - First moth
April 15, 7 moths April 16 at Livingston County blacklight station. Adults
appearing in Van Buren County light traps. (Thompson) ,

PEAR PSYLLA (Psylla pyricola) - WASHINGTON - First eggs hatched at Yakima,

Yakima County, April 10. (Johnson), MICHIGAN - Adult emergence almost complete;
most eggs laid by April 21. First hatch noted in southwest. (Thompson, Apr. 28).
NEW YORK - Many eggs laid in Oswego, Onondaga, Cayuga, and Madison Counties area,
April 13-15, (N.Y. Wkly. Rpt.). CONNECTICUT - No hatch on pear at Storrs,
Tolland County. (Kollas, Apr. 22),

APHIDS - MICHIGAN - First Aphis pomi (apple aphid) of season in Berrien County.
(Thompson, Apr. 21).NEW JERSEY - A. pomi light on apple. (Ins.-Dis. Newsltr.).
NEW YORK - Few Rhopalosiphum fitchii (apple grain aphid) hatched April 18 in
Clinton County. (N.Y. Wkly. Rpt.). CONNECTICUT - Few Dysaphis plantaginea
(rosy apple aphid) on apple at East Lyme, New London County. (Kollas, Apr. 22),

EUROPEAN RED MITE (Panonychus ulmi) - OREGON - Hatching at Milton-Freewater,
Umatilla County, week of April 18. (Every). MICHIGAN - Hatch underway in
southwest area. (Thompson, Apr. 28). MARYLAND - Light; hatched at Hancock,
Washington County. (U. Md., Ent. Dept.). NEW JERSEY - Hatch beginning on
central and south area apples, First hatch in 1968 noted April 16. (Ins.-Dis.
Newsltr.). CONNECTICUT - No hatch yet on apples. (Kollas, Apr. 22),

A SPIDER MITE (Tetranychus mcdanieli) - OREGON - Overwintered adults laying eggs
at Milton-Freewater, Umatilla County, week of April 18. (Every).

PECAN NUT CASEBEARER (Acrobasis caryae) - FLORIDA - Larval development about 1
week behind last year; Should pupate about May 1 in pecan district at Monticello,
Jefferson County. (Whitcomb) ,

A FRUIT-TREE MITE (Bryobia rubrioculus) - CALIFORNIA - Very heavy on almond
trees at Lakeside, San Diego County. (Cal. Coop. Rpt.).

CITRUS

CITRUS THRIPS (Scirtothrips citri) - ARIZONA - Petal fall treatments being made
on Yuma Mesa and at Wellton, Yuma County. (Ariz. Coop. Sur.).

CITRUS RED MITE (Panonychus citri) - ARIZONA - Building up; second treatment
required in many groves, (Ariz. Coop. Sur.), FLORIDA - Eggs and adults severe
on all 1,900 plants in nursery at Turkey Creek, Hillsborough County. (Vaughan,
Apr. 18).

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THE FOLLOWING CROPS OR ARTICLES MUST BE MOVED UNDER CERTIFICATE OR
PERMIT YEAR-ROUND EXCEPT AS INDICATED:

Ee

Soil, compost, decomposed manure, humus, muck, and peat,
separately or with other things,

Soil samples of any size shipped to U.S. Army Corps of Engineers
Soil Laboratories within the conterminous U.S, are exempt,

Soil samples of one pound or less are exempt if shipped to a
designated laboratory.*

Compost, decomposed manure, humus, and peat are exempt** if
dehydrated, ground, pulverized, or compressed,

Plants with roots, except soil-free aquatic plants, moss, and
Lycopodium (clubmoss or ground-pine or running pine).

Grass sod,
Plant crowns and roots for propagation,

True bulbs, corms, rhizomes, and tubers of ornamental plants
when freshly harvested or uncured.

True bulbs, corms, rhizomes, and tubers (other than clumps
of dahlia tubers) of ornamental plants are exempt** if free
of soil,

Used mechanized soil-moving equipment,

vr _ 2 e - on

- 311 -

SMALL FRUITS

WESTERN GRAPE LEAF SKELETONIZER (Harrisina brillians) - ARIZONA - Building up on
grapes at northeast Phoenix, Maricopa County. (Ariz. Coop. Sur.). NEVADA -
First adults of season appeared April 20 at Las Vegas, Clark County. (Zoller),

MEADOW SPITTLEBUG (Philaenus spumarius) - TENNESSEE - Heavy on strawberries
throughout Johnson County. (Walker) .

GRAPE MEALYBUG (Pseudococcus maritimus) - NEW YORK - Nymphs unusually heavy on
arms and trunks in commercial grape vineyard April 15, (N.Y. Wkly. Rpt.).

ORNAMENTALS

BAGWORM (Thyridopteryx ephemeraeformis) - ALABAMA - Hatching on cedar, juniper,
and other shrubs and trees in south and central areas; should occur in far north
areas soon, (McQueen),

FALL WEBWORM (Hyphantria cunea) - OREGON - Adults emerging at Salem, Marion
County. (Westcott).

AN ARMORED SCALE (Lepidosaphes newsteadi) - PENNSYLVANIA - Light April 7 on
specimen umbrella-pine on university campus in Centre County. Determined by
G.B. Sleesman, Previously reported from Chestnut Hill, Philadelphia County,
and Harrisburg, Dauphin County. This is a new county record. (Gesell),

FOREST AND SHADE TREES

DOUGLAS-FIR TWIG WEEVIL (Cylindrocopturus furnissi) - WASHINGTON - Damaged
Douglas-fir Christmas tree nurseries in weSt area; nearing pupation, (Saunders).

A CONIFER SAWFLY (Neodiprion pratti pratti) - OHIO - New larvae on shortleaf
pine in Brush Creek State Forest east of Peebles, Adams County. Serious last
year on shortleaf pine in area, (Campbell).

AN ARMORED SCALE (Stramenaspis kelloggi) - CALIFORNIA - Medium on Douglas-fir
at Santa Rosa, Sonoma County, for a new county record. (Cal. Coop. Rpt.).

AN ERIOPHYID MITE (Trisetacus pseudotsugae) - CALIFORNIA - Serious on
Douglas-firs in nursery at Half Moon Bay, San Mateo County. Over 200 trees

grown from seed stunted, none over one foot high; trees 6 years old. Symptoms
first noted on 6-inch seedlings. Many terminals dead; surviving ones produced
multiple buds, Absent on native Douglas-fir trees in immediate area. Collected
by W. Plummer and C. Sill April 4, 1969. Determined by H.H. Keifer. This is a
new State record, Could be serious nursery pest of seedlings and possibly native
stands. Source of infestation unknown, (Cal. Coop. Rpt.). a

EASTERN TENT CATERPILLAR (Malacosoma americanum) - ALABAMA - Fully grown larvae
left tents on wild cherry and other trees in many areas, (Bagby et al.).
OKLAHOMA - Moderate to heavy on wild plum in most areas. Present as far north
and west as Major and Beckham Counties, (Okla, Coop. Sur.), NEBRASKA - Hatched;
first to second instars in small tents on chokecherry and wild plum in Gage and
Lancaster Counties. (Keith). WISCONSIN - Hatching in Columbia County April 23.
(Wis. Ins, Sur.). MICHIGAN - Making tents in Lansing area. (Janes, Apr. 28),
OHIO - Hatch should peak week ending April 25 in all southern areas, Tents in
Warren County April 18 (Mooter), Vinton County April 19 (Davis), and Muskingum
County April 14 (Ward), PENNSYLVANIA - Two to 3-inch tents on wild cherry in
Cumberland County. (Sleesman et al.). VIRGINIA - Tents on wild cherry in
Pittsylvania County. (Dominick, Apr. 12). Tents up to 10 inches on wild cherry
in Bedford, Charlotte, Campbell, and Roanoke Counties. (Allen).

THE FOLLOWING CROPS OR ARTICLES MUST BE MOVED UNDER CERTIFICATE OR
PERMIT YEAR-ROUND EXCEPT AS INDICATED:

1, Soil, compost, decomposed manure, humus, muck, and peat,
separately or with other things.

Soil samples of any size shipped to U.S. Army Corps of Engineers
Soil Laboratories within the conterminous U.S, are exempt.

Soil samples of one pound or less are exempt if shipped to a
designated laboratory.*

Compost, decomposed manure, humus, and peat are exempt** if
cehydrated, ground, pulverized, or compressed,

2, Plants with roots, except soil-free aquatic plants, moss, and
Lycopodium (clubmoss or ground-pine or running pine).

3, Grass sod,
4. Plant crowns and roots for propagation,

5, True bulbs, corms, rhizomes, and tubers of ornamental plants
when freshly harvested or uncured,

True bulbs, corms, rhizomes, and tubers (other than clumps
of dahlia tubers) of ornamental plants are exempt*x* if free
of soil.

6. Used mechanized soil-moving equipment.

Used mechanizet soil-moving equipment is exempt** if cleaned ~~
and repainted.

*Information as to designated laboratories may be obtained from an
inspector.

x*Exempt if not exposed to infestation after cleaning or other
prescribed handling.

GPO 812-161

- 312 -

TENT CATERPILLAR MOTHS (Malacosoma spp.) - NEVADA - M. incurvum discoloratum
damage severe on Fremont cottonwood in Moapa and Virgin Valleys, Clark County;
many trees partly or entirely defoliated. (Bechtel, Zoller), UTAH - Malacosoma
californicum fragile very numerous on cottonwood trees along Virgin River of
Washington County. (Huber, Knowlton, Apr. 21),

GEOMETRID MOTHS - TENNESSEE - Paleacrita vernata (spring cankerworm) larvae on
American elm in Knox County April 18. (Heinrichs) , MICHIGAN - P, vernata and
Alsophila pometaria (fall cankerworm) numbers greatly reduced April 14 in
Livingston County blacklight trap; indicates egg laying in progress, (Newman),
DELAWARE - A, pometaria larvae common on elms in area of Sussex County.
(Burbutis) .—

A NOCTUID MOTH (Oncocnemis punctilinea) - NEVADA - Larvae generally light to
medium, heavy on some aSh treeS; whole trees defoliated in Moapa and Virgin
Valleys, Clark County. (Bechtel, Zoller),

CHRYSOMELID BEETLES - OKLAHOMA - Pyrrhalta luteola (elm leaf beetle) adults
active in Washita, Custer, and Cleveland Counties. Larvae in Washita County.
Calligrapha scalaris (elm calligrapha) adults active on American elm in Payne
County. (Okla. Coop. Sur.),

SMALLER EUROPEAN ELM BARK BEETLE (Scolytus multistriatus) - NEVADA - Found at
Overton, Clark County, for third known infested area in county. (Bechtel,
Zoller), TENNESSEE - Pupating on American Elm in Knox County April 18,
(Heinrichs) ,

MAN AND ANIMALS

SCREW-WORM (Cochliomyia hominivorax) - Nine cases reported in U.S. April 20-26
as follows: TEXAS - Hidalgo I, Medina 2, Uvalde 1, Zapata 2, Starr 1; ARIZONA -
Cochise 2, Total of 137 cases reported in portion of Barrier Zone in Republic
of Mexico April 13-19 as follows: Sonora 66, Chihuahua 11, Coahuila 15,

Nuevo Leon 7, Tamaulipas 38. Total of 18 cases reported in Mexico south of
Barrier Zone, Barrier Zone is area where eradication operation underway to
prevent establishment of self-sustaining population in U.S. Sterile screw-worm
flies released: Texas 40,968,000; New Mexico 1,936,000; Arizona 8,784,000;
Mexico 99,788,000, (Anim. Health Div.),

HORN FLY (Haematobia irritans) -— ALABAMA - Higher early numbers continue on
cattle; large numbers on some herds as far north as Bibb County. (Odom et al.),
OKLAHOMA - Ranged 50-200 per head on Payne and Major County cattle, Moderate
on Kiowa County cattle and horses, (Okla. Coop. Sur.),

STABLE FLY (Stomoxys calcitrans) - OKLAHOMA - Averaged 2 per head on dairy cows
checked in Payne County. (Okla, Coop. Sur.). NEBRASKA - One adult found in 5
Lancaster County feedlots. (Campbell),

FACE FLY (Musca autumnalis) - TENNESSEE - On beef animals at Willard, Trousdale
County, April 18. (Webster). This is a new county record, (PPC),

SHEEP KED (Melophagus ovinus) - UTAH - Numerous on ewes sheared in Utah County,
(Knowlton, Apr. °

MOSQUITOES - MICHIGAN - Aedes impiger larvae and fourth instar A. vexans found in
Monroe County; A. impiger a new county record, Overwintering Anopheles
quadrimaculatus and Culex popiens ipiens found near Ann Arbor, Washtenaw County,
Aedes stimulans fourth instars - per dip around greater Lansing area, Should
be first large brood of floodwater mosquitoes, (Shinkle, Apr. 21),

- 313 -

HOUSEHOLDS AND STRUCTURES

A POWDER-POST TERMITE (Cryptotermes brevis) - ALABAMA - Collected in home at
Columbia, Houston County, in March 1969 by P. Pelham. Determined by
F, Lechleitner, This is a new State record, (McQueen),

BENEFICIAL INSECTS

LADY BEETLES - ARKANSAS - Larvae present statewide. (Boyer). NEW MEXICO -
Averaged 10-30 per 25 sweeps of barley at Roswell, Chaves County. (Mathews),
NEVADA - Larvae and adults 1-4 per sweep in aphid-infested alfalfa, barley, and
wheat in Moapa and Virgin Valleys, Clark County. (Bechtel, Zoller),

FEDERAL AND STATE PLANT PROTECTION PROGRAMS

CEREAL LEAF BEETLE (Oulema melanopus) - OHIO - Light adult damage on wheat
appeared widespread through southwest areas, south of U.S. Highway 40.

Damage heaviest in counties nearest U.S. Highway 40; decreases southward to
counties bordering Ohio River. (Richter). MICHIGAN - Averaged 3-4 eggs per
square foot of winter wheat leaves; adults 25 per 100 sweeps at Galien, Berrien
County. (Helgeson).

EUROPEAN PINE SHOOT MOTH (Rhyacionia buoliana) - OREGON - Larvae on several mugho
pines at Portland, Multnomah County. All infested trees burned, Surveys of
nurseries negative. (Larson) ,

GRASSHOPPERS - MINNESOTA - Eggs in sunny, protected locations showed early
coagulation but most eggs clear, Little or no egg development in sandy soil
counties of Anoka, Isanti, and Sherburne, Egg predation very low in all fields
surveyed. (Minn. Ins. Rpt.).

GYPSY MOTH (Porthetria dispar) - NEW JERSEY - First hatch April 17 on oak near
Indian Mills, Burlington County. (Ins.-Dis. Newsltr.).

IMPORTED FIRE ANT (Solenopsis saevissima richteri) - TEXAS - One mound on
Farm-to-market road 2437 at Sheridan, Lavaca County. Collected by H.C. Massey
April 14, Determined by D.R. Smith. This is a new county record, (PPC) ,

PINK BOLLWORM (Pectinophora gossypiella) - CALIFORNIA - Eradication well underway
in Coachella Valley, Riverside County. Over 83,000 sterile moths aerially or
ground released April 22. Trap monitoring results relatively slow for sterile
moths; no catches of wild moths significant yet. (Cal. Coop. Rpt.).

WEST INDIAN SUGARCANE ROOT BORER (Diaprepes abbreviatus) - FLORIDA - Checked 19
citrus trees in nursery at Apopka, Orange County; 2 adults collected. (Musgrove) ,

A WHITE-FRINGED BEETLE (Graphognathus sp.) - FLORIDA - Larvae still troublesome
in 40 acres of young watermelons at Vernon, Washington County. (Scott),

CORRECTIONS

CEIR 19(17):291 - WHEAT STEM MAGGOT (Meromya americana) should be AN ANTHOMYIID
FLY (Hylemya cerealis). (Col. Ins. Sur.). pn

- 314 -

HAWAII INSECT REPORT

General Vegetables - All stages of LEAF MINER FLIES (Liriomyza spp.) on Oahu severe
in daikon (radish) field at Koko Head, severe on commercial plantings of dish-
cloth gourd (Luffa acutangula) at Pupukea, light to heavy on snap beans at
Waianae and Waimanalo, and light to medium in tomato and watermelon fields at
Waianae, Waimanalo, and Hauula. Heavy on tomato in gardens at Pakala, Kauai.
Light to medium in tomato plantings at Hilo, Hawaii Island. (Yamamoto et al.).
SWEETPOTATO LEAF MINER (Bedellia orchilella) larvae light, medium in spots, in
sweetpotato fields at Waiahole, Oahu. Pupae and adults of parasitic Apanteles
bedelliae (a braconid) negligible in all fields. All stages of SWEETPOTATO
WEEVIL (Cylas formicarius elegantulus) light to medium in ready-for-harvest fields
of sweetpotato at Waiahole and Waimanalo, Oahu. CARMINE SPIDER MITE (Tetranychus
cinnabarinus) heavy in many snap bean and eggplant fields on Oahu; severe at
Pupukea, Hauula, and some farms at Waianae, (Yamamoto). CORN EARWORM (Heliothis
zea) lightly damaged eggplant foliage at Pearl City, Oahu. (Nakama) .

Fruits - MEXICAN LEAF ROLLER (Amorbia emigratella) larvae medium on terminals of
some avocado trees at Kaneohe and Waimanalo, Oahu. (Nakao) ,

Shade Trees - CUBAN-LAUREL THRIPS (Gynaikothrips ficorum) heavy on leaves of
Several Chinese banyan trees at Honolulu, Oahu, and at Hilo, Hawaii Island, As
many as 87 nymphs and 40 adults per infested leaf at Hilo; 52 nymphs and 25
adults at Honolulu. Predacious Montandoniola moraguesi (an anthocorid bug)
negligible to trace on trees in both areas. (Yoshioka, Funasaki).

INSECT DETECTION

New State Records - An ERIOPHYID MITE (Trisetacus pseudotsugae) San Mateo County,
California (p. 311). A POWDER-POST TERMITE (Cryptotermes brevis) Houston County,
Alabama (p. 313). rca

New County Records - SUGARCANE BEETLE (Euetheola rugiceps) Bulloch County, Georgia
(p. 305). ARMORED SCALES: Odonaspis ruthae Putnam County, Florida (p. 306),
Lepidosaphes newsteadi Centre County, Pennsylvania and Stramenaspis kelloggi
Sonoma County, California (p. 311). ALFALFA WEEVIL (Hypera postica) Fulton,
Madison, Pope, Searcy, and Van Buren Counties, Arkansas; Barton, Edwards, Pawnee,
Rice, and Rush Counties, Kansas (p. 307). FACE FLY (Musca autumnalis) Trousdale
County, Tennessee (p. 312). A MOSQUITO (Aedes impiger) Monroe County, Michigan
(p. 312). IMPORTED FIRE ANT (Solenopsis saevissima richteri) Lavaca County,

Texas (p. 313).

LIGHT TRAP COLLECTIONS

FLORIDA - Gainesville - 4/18-23, BL - Armyworm (Pseudaletia unipuncta) 1, beet

armyworm (Spodoptera exigua) 1, black cutworm (Agrotis ipsilon , corn earworm
(Heliothis zea) 6, granulate cutworm (Feltia subterranea) 23, tobacco budworm

(H. virescens) 2, variegated cutworm (Peridroma saucia) 1, yellow-striped army-
worm (Prodenia ornithogalli) 1. MISSISSIPPI - Stoneville —4/19-25, 2BL, 44-79 F.,
no precip. — Armyworm 47, black cutworm 18, corn earworm 2, salt-marsh caterpillar
7, variegated cutworm 1. MISSOURI - Fair Grove - 4/17-23 - Armyworm 31, black
cutworm 1, variegated cutworm 4. Portageville - 4/19-24 - Armyworm 79, black
cutworm 3, variegated cutworm 5. TEXAS - Brownsville - 4/19-25, 2BL, 58-89°F.,
trace precip. - Armyworm 6, black cutworm 72, cabbage looper (Trichoplusia ni) 55,
corn earworm 152, fall armyworm 2, granulate cutworm 44, salt-marsh caterpillar 2,
tobacco hornworm (Manduca sexta) 8, tomato hornworm (M. quinquemaculata) 12,
variegated cutworm 4, yellow-striped armyworm 20. Waco - 4718-24, BL — Armyworm
29, black cutworm 1, corn earworm 6, granulate cutworm 10, variegated cutworm 30.

Boll Weevil Survival Surveys - Spring 1969

Spring collections of surface ground (woods) trash samples (two square yards per
sample) have been completed in six Southern States. Wherever possible, samples
were taken from the same locations that were sampled in the fall of 1968. The
number of live boll weevil (Anthonomus grandis) adults per acre of ground trash
examined and the percent survival are reported in the following paragraphs. For
details of the fall (1968) hibernation survey in these six States, see CEIR 19
(6) :74-76.

In NORTH and SOUTH CAROLINA, samples were taken March 17-April 3 in the same four
representative areas in which fall examinations were made in 1968. In each area

30 locations (farm sites) were sampled with 3 samples being taken at each location.
The same locations were sampled in the fall and spring examinations. The areas

are as follows: South-central South Carolina (Orangeburg, Dorchester, and

Bamberg Counties), Coastal Plain of South and North Carolina (Florence, Darling-
ton, and Marlboro Counties, §S.C., and Scotland County, N.C.), Piedmont section of
South and North Carolina (Greenville, Anderson, and Spartanburg Counties, S.C.,

and Mecklenburg, Cleveland, and Union Counties, N.C.), and North-central North
Carolina (Northampton, Nash, Wilson, and Edgecombe Counties). The average number

of live weevils per acre in these areas was 403, 1,775, 780, and 161, respectively.
Percent survival for these areas was 24.6, 52.2, 35.4, and 17.2, respectively.
Percent survival was lowest in North-central North Carolina and highest in the
Coastal Plain of South and North Carolina. In Florence County, South Carolina,

an average of 2,851 weevils per acre was found for the spring of 1969, with a
winter survival of 60.2 percent. The number of weevils Surviving in Florence
County is a 179-percent increase over 1968. (Taft, Hopkins).

Survey in TENNESSEE was completed April 15 in McNairy, Fayette, Hardin, and
Hardeman Counties. Survey was made in environs of fields known to have heavy
infestations in 1968. The same fields were Sampled as used in the fall. Spring
counts were made under adverse condtions but indicated an average of 726 weevils
per acre. How much mortality was due to flooding of many fields is not known.
Although the number of weevils has decreased the past two years, problems can

be expected if rains occur after cotton begins squaring heavily. This has
occurred previously in this area. (Locke).

Collections in MISSISSIPPI were started February 27 and all examinations completed
by March 11. Three samples were taken at each location, and 7 or 8 locations were
sampled in each county. Wherever possible, samples were taken from locations
sampled last fall. Two counties made up each area and the State was divided into
4 areas as follows: Area 1 - South Delta (Sharkey and Yazoo Counties), Area 2 -
Central Delta (Washington and Leflore Counties), Area 3 - North Delta (Coahoma

and Panola Counties), Area 4 - Hill Section (Holmes and Monroe Counties).
Forty-five samples were taken from 15 locations in each of the 4 areas. The
average number of weevils found per acre in Areas 1, 2, 3, and 4 was 2,106, 648,
54, and 432, respectively. The State average was 810 compared with 540 in 1968,
1,525 in 1967, 1,425 in 1966, 995 in 1965, 289 in 1964, 13 in 1963, 1,132 in 1962,
1,246 in 1961, and 820 in 1960. The State average (percent survival) was 29.27
compared with 8.57 in 1968, 51.60 in 1967, 19.45 in 1966, 22.19 in 1965, 9.68 in
1964, 0.2 in 1963, 13.59 in 1962, 8.59 in 1961, and 16.23 in 1960. (Pfrimmer).

Collections were made in northeast LOUISIANA March 5-14. The area includes
Madison, Tensas, East Carroll, West Carroll, and Richland Parishes. Three
samples were collected at each location and 20 locations were used in Madison
Parish, 10 in Tensas Parish, and 5 each in East Carroll, West Caroll, and Rich-
land Parishes. A total of 135 samples was taken. The average number of weevils
per acre of trash was 2,299 in Madison Parish, 2,420 in Tensas Parish, 1,452 in
East Carroll Parish, 2,904 in Richland Parish, and 807 in West Carroll Parish,

or an average of 2,133 for the 5-parish area. Based on the 3,137 live boll weevil
adults found per acre of trash in the fall of 1968, winter survival in the 5-
parish area was 68 percent. In Madison Parish, where similar records have been

- 316 -

kept for the past 32 years, survival for the winter 1968-1969 was 56 percent
compared with the 32-year average of 40.75 percent. In Tensas Parish where the
13-year average survival is 26 percent, the 8l-percent survival for spring 1969
has been exceeded only once, and in East Carroll Parish where the 12-year average
survival is 37.25 percent, the 100-percent survival for spring 1969 is a repetition
of the 100-percent survival for the winter 1959-1960. The total rainfall recorded
in the area from December 5, 1968, to March 14, 1969, the period between the fall
and spring ground trash collections, was 11.81 inches. In this same. period there
were 35 days when the minimum temperature was 32° or below and only 5 days when
the temperature was 25° or less. The lowest temperature recorded was 19 on
January 5; this was also the only day when the maximum temperature did not reach
32° or more. (Cleveland et al.).

In central TEXAS, spring collections were made March 12-19 from the same locations
in Falls, Hill, Limestone, and McLennan Counties as in the fall of 1968. Three
samples were taken from each location and either 6 or 7 locations were sampled in
each county; 75 samples were taken from 25 locations in the 4 counties. The aver-
age number of weevils found per acre in Falls, Hill, Limestone, and McLennan
Counties was 3,226, 806, 3,091, and 4,032, respectively, with an area average of
2,842. This compared with 3,763, 1,075, 4,166, and 6,797 found in these respective
counties in the fall of 1968, with an average of 4,070 weevils per acre for the
area. The percent survival for 1969 was 70 percent compared with 14.4 in 1968,
26.5 in 1967, 24.8 in 1966, 100 in 1965, 18.8 in 1964, 25.4 in 1963, 33.1 in 1962,
33.7 in 1961, and 31.1 in 1960. In the 10 years the survey has been conducted,
only in 1965 was the indicated spring survival higher than in 1969. More weevils
were found in the spring of 1969 than any year except 1965. Winter weather was
very mild with subfreezing temperatures on only 17 days. A minimum of 22° was
recorded on December 31. Rainfall for the period December 1, 1968, through March
18, 1969, totaled 5.72 inches, or 3.06 inches below normal for the period.
(Cowan).

See map on page 318

- 317 -

BOLL WEEVIL SURVIVAL SURVEYS - SPRING 1969

Number of Weevils

* Richland Parish not included in 1968 spring survey.

per Acre

Area (County and State) 8 1
NORTH and SOUTH CAROLINA
South-central South Carolina (Orangeburg, Bamberg, and

Dorchester Counties). 349 403
Coastal Plain of South and North Carolina (Florence,

Darlington, and Marlboro Counties, §.C., Scotland

County, N.C.). een WS PLAS
Piedmont of South and North Carolina (Anderson,

Greenville, and Spartanburg Counties, S.C.;

Mecklenburg, Cleveland, and Union Counties, N.C.). 914 780
North-central North Carolina (Nash, Wilson, Edgecombe,

and Northampton Counties). 161 161
TENNESSEE
McNairy, Hardin, Hardeman, and Fayette Counties 2,420 726
MISSISSIPPI
South Delta (Sharkey and Yazoo Counties (area 1)). 1,458 2,106
Central Delta (Washington and Leflore Counties (area 2)). 216 648
North Delta (Coahoma and Panola Counties (area 3)). 108 54
Hill Section (Holmes and Monroe Counties (area 4)). 378 432
LOUISIANA
Northeastern (Madison, Tensas, East Carroll,

West Carroll, and Richland Parishes). 932 2,133*
TEXAS
Central (Falls, Hill, Limestone, and McLennan Counties). 711 2,842

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AGRICULTURAL RESEARCH SERVICE

PLANT PEST CONTROL DIVISION

SURVEY AND DETECTION OPERATIONS

The Cooperative Economic Insect Report is issued
weekly as a service to American Agriculture. Its contents
are compiled from information supplied by cooperating State,
Federal, and industrial entomologists and other agricultural
workers. In releasing this material the Division serves as
a clearing house and does not assume responsibility for ac-
curacy of the material.

All reports and inquiries pertaining to this release,
including the mailing list, should be sent to:

Survey and Detection Operations
Plant Pest Control Division
Agricultural Research Service
United States Department of Agriculture
Federal Center Building
Hyattsville, Maryland 20782

Volume 19 May 9, 1969 Number 19
COOPERATIVE ECONOMIC INSECT REPORT

HIGHLIGHTS

Current Conditions

ARMY CUTWORM controls applied to alfalfa in Nebraska and to wheat in Colorado.
@ee 3215).

BEET LEAFHOPPER may require controls in Idaho to prevent migration into crops.
(Gop SzZ))S

EUROPEAN CORN BORER pupation averaged 51 percent in Delaware; number of live
borers per square yard higher compared to 1968 in Iowa. (p. 321).

PALE WESTERN CUTWORM damaging wheat in Oklahoma and Nebraska. (p. 322).
ALFALFA WEEVIL larvae increasing throughout Delaware; damaging in Maryland;
reaching economic levels in southwest and southeast Illinois; heavy on alfalfa
in Madison County, Tennessee; controls applied in southeast Missouri. CLOVER
HEAD WEEVIL damaging several thousand acres of crimson clover in Alabama, very
serious on crimson clover in South Carolina. (p. 323).

PEA APHID heavy on crimson clover and vetch in Alabama. Increasing rapidly on
Eastern Shore of Maryland. (p. 324).

SPRING CANKERWORM may be heavy in Minnesota. (p. 329).
HORN FLY building up in 5 western counties in Texas. (p. 329).

First hatch of GYPSY MOTH reported in Providence County, Rhode Island. (p. 331).

Detection

® EUROPEAN CLOVER LEAF TIER established in North America. Damaging clovers in
Placer and Sutter Counties of California. (p. 322). For background informa-
tion on this pest see page 333.

Other State records include a LEAFHOPPER from Washington (p. 332), a WEEVIL from
Idaho and a PSYCHID MOTH from Missouri (p. 328).

For new county records see page 332.

Special Reports
European Clover Leaf Tier (Mirificarma formosella (Hiibner)), (p. 333).
Stocking-Type Trap for Survey of Winter Moth. (p. 334).

Survey Methods. Selected References 1953. Part XVI. (pp. 335-337).

Reports in this issue are for week ending May 2 unless otherwise indicated.

oS Ge) IS

- 320 -

CONTENTS
Special insectsrof Reevonad Sienstvcance sicculestelerersisheretesisiccinon ne ae 321

Insects Affecting

Corn, Sorghum, Sugarcane....eccccrcdal Deciduous Fruits and Nuts.......327
SMmalUAGr awn Seyecisicre aielel orelereisloreleloloierstersisee, CATEPU Ss soles elepeteisialcicyaroierelslelelsicletelento Ciel
HorageslesumeS ives crercleieleieierslelsorevstalciet ae Small Rrudttse see eee eS
COLT OM cio clelieieieio le viel sVeleiepetore se: evelsioielelch ero aO Ornamenttailish re iieleie -vsiclelclosiele selenite slo
Potatoes, Tomatoes, PepperS....cc+ee320 Forest and Shade TreesS......+e.ee328
COMCNETOPS evere cele ehel slater stev cho cele cleveiaisicrt OO Man ‘and An mMall’Sic.s)ccieleiclolc\eie sereererooe
Generale Vere tablesirccierclecicteice erecicleisi3 LO Stored: ProduGitsiicissie ciele sicieieeemooO

Litohte Trap Olle CONS teres, ecescusie feyershelelesohere teleielekerenereconenckenehenoredsnetenscePene GiCte too norciene 326
Beneficial TASECES G6 ses le hc ee oS ie ee ESD EE IE a)
Federal and State Plant Protection) Programs: .jcc ciclcieteieteolsmucrcuelevetedohurcuonerensie sso
COrrect LOns. ke cons le ee FID AIDS ESI gs RE RO ae
Hawaii Insect REPOPU ss cee hee ok ee ahead Fo ae IED
Insect DOCSCt LON wees ee ee EE EIN SAEED a Ne
European Clover Leaf Tier (Mirificarma formosella (Hubner)) 25 2 0 aes
A Stocking-Type Trap for Survey of Winter Moths scioe cet oon oie ee on

WEATHER BUREAU'S 30-DAY OUTLOOK
MAY 1969

The Weather Bureau's 30-day outlook for May 1969 is for temperatures to average
below normal over an area extending from the Pacific Northwest through the
northern basin, central Rockies, and southern Plains eastward to the south
Atlantic coast. Above normal temperatures are expected in a band from the
northern Mississippi Valley through the Great Lakes to the mid-Atlantic coast,
while near normal is indicated elsewhere. Precipitation is expected to exceed
normal over most of the central. third of the Nation, as well as the Tennessee
Valley and the Carolinas. Subnormal rainfall is indicated for southern California
and the southern and central plateau, while near normal precipitation is expected
over unspecified areas.

Weather forecast given here is based on the official 30-day "Resume and Outlook"
published twice a month by the Weather Bureau. You can subscribe through the
Superintendent of Documents, Washington, D.C. 20250. Price $5.00 a year.

WEATHER OF THE WEEK ENDING MAY 5

HIGHLIGHTS: Heavy thunderstorms with hail occurred in the Texas Panhandle
Saturday and Sunday and several tornadoes were spotted. Cloudbursts occurred
along the midcoastal plains of Texas on Wednesday and Sunday. The central Great
Plains showed marked warming during the week.

PRECIPITATION: A wintry touch has been added as snow fell with the advancing
cool air in the northern sections of Minnesota, Michigan, and Wisconsin. Nine
inches of snow fell at Duluth on Monday, April 28, while the other areas were
generally covered by an inch of new snow. As the front moved eastward, showers
and thunderstorms developed with moderate rainfall occurring from West Virginia
to central Tennessee where an inch or more rain fell on Tuesday. At the same time
some spotty wet snow was occurring in the eastern Great Lakes area. Scattered
showers continued in the Pacific Northwest and some thundershowers with small
hail occurred on the north Pacific coast Tuesday afternoon. Moderate showers
continued along the front as it moved off the east coast and through Florida.
Early Wednesday a developing storm in the northern Rockies was causing a pattern
of mountain snow, rain, and strong winds. Weather’ of the week continued on page
338.

= Soi

SPECIAL INSECTS OF REGIONAL SIGNIFICANCE

ARMY CUTWORM (Chorizagrotis auxiliaris) - NEVADA - Larvae averaged 1-2 per crown
in several alfalfa fields at Lovelock, Pershing County; damage light. (Adams,
Martinelli). UTAH - Light on range areas examined in Curlew Valley of Box Elder
County. (Knowlton, Apr. 30). COLORADO - Larvae ranged 0-4 per linear foot on
wheat throughout northeastern and east-central areas. Controls applied, counts
reduced in these areas. (Johnson). NEBRASKA - Ranged 2-3 per square foot in
Howard and Valley Counties. Some damage to seedling alfalfa. Controls applied.
(Pollard, Schade, Apr. 30). Some damage in few Perkins County fields. (Hendrix,
Apr. 30).

ASTER LEAFHOPPER (Macrosteles fascifrons) - FLORIDA - Very light, 1-2 adults per
100 sweeps of alfalfa at Gainesville, Alachua County. (Mead). WISCONSIN -
Negative in rye fields in Sauk, Crawford, Marquette, and Rock Counties. (Wis.
Ins. Sur.).

BEET LEAFHOPPER (Circulifer tenellus) - IDAHO - Adults from nine combined range
breeding areas averaged 60 per 100 samples (each sample equal to 1 square foot)
compared to 42 in 1968 and 22 in 1967. Control may be required on 43,000 acres

to prevent excessive leafhopper migration into crops. Tests indicated percentage
of viruliferous leafhoppers may be 4 or 6 times greater than past 2 years. (PPC,
Apr. 14). UTAH - Averaged 1 per 300-400 sweeps of wild mustards in Snowville and
Cedar Creek Junction area of Box Elder County. (Knowlton, Apr. 30).

CORN EARWORM (Heliothis zea) - FLORIDA - First harvest of sweet corn April 24;
larvae averaged 2 per untreated ear at Sanford, Seminole County. (Greene).

GREENBUG (Schizaphis graminum) - KANSAS - Single speimens found in a wheatfield
in Ottawa County (Gates) and one wheatfield in Pratt County (Brooks). Averaged
0-3 per 25 sweeps in 8 wheatfieldsin Marshall and Washington Counties. (Simpson).
TEXAS - Some damage on wheat in Archer, Motley, Cottle, King, Hardeman, and Foard
Counties. (Boring). Ranged 0-30 on 2,5-inch high grain sorghum in Denton, Grayson,
Cook, and Collin Counties; lower numbers of possibly Sipha flava (yellow sugar-
cane aphid) present in same counties. (Texas Coop. Rpt., Apr. 25). Mixed: popula-
tions of greenbug and §S. flava on grain sorghum in Denton, Dallas, Ellis, Kaufman,
Collin, Fannin, Cook, Montague, Hunt, Tarrant, and McLennan Counties. Around
Denton ranged 0-20 per plant; lower in McLennan County. Damage not serious yet.
One field in Fannin County replanted. (Turney, Green).

POTATO PSYLLID (Paratrioza cockerelli) - COLORADO - Adult counts 0-30 per 100

sweeps on Lycium sp. (matrimony-vine) in Gilcrest area, Weld County. Egg counts
light, ranged 0-4 per leaflet. (Johnson).

SPOTTED ALFALFA APHID (Therioaphis maculata) - ILLINOIS - Averaged 95 per 100
sweeps of alfalfa in Scott, Effingham, and Fayette Counties. (I1l. Ins. Rpt.).
INDIANA - First of season on alfalfa in Harrison County (south-central district).
Counts very low. (Huber, Apr. 26). KANSAS - Light, 3-8 per 10 sweeps of most
alfalfa checked in northeast and north-central areas. (Simpson).

CORN, SORGHUM, SUGARCANE

EUROPEAN CORN BORER (Ostrinia nubilalis) - SOUTH DAKOTA - Percent survival by
county: Turner 10-30 (averaged 15) and Union 20-30 (averaged 25). (Wirtz, Apr.
20). IOWA - Spring survival survey conducted April 22-30. Percent mortality by
area: Northwest 9, southwest 14, northeast 17, southeast 20, and central 15.
Live borers per square yard higher compared to 1968. Boone County survey April 10
in 32 stalk fields indicated 7,104 live borers per acre or 1.5 per square yard.
High survival credited to fact 22 fields not worked; about half of fields
surveyed in rest of State in same condition, no pattern noted. (Iowa Ins. Sur.).
ILLINOIS - Pupation began in extreme southern section. (Ins. Sur. Bull).
DELAWARE - Overwintered larvae pupating, averaged 51 percent for State; about 70
percent in southwest Sussex County. (Burbutis).

- 322 -

FALL ARMYWORM (Spodoptera frugiperda) - FLORIDA - First larvae of season in
whorls of sweet corn at Zellwood, Orange County. (Greene, Apr. 23).

CORN FLEA BEETLE (Chaetocnema pulicaria) - MARYLAND - Heavy damage to 90 acres

of early field corn, adults ranged 1-2 per plant at East New Market, Dorchester
County. (U. Md., Ent. Dept.). DELAWARE - On early corn in area of Sussex County.
(Boys). NEW JERSEY - Moderate in 2 fields of sweet corn seedlings at Medford,
Burlington County. (Ins.-Dis. Newsltr.).

CORN ROOTWORMS (Diabrotica spp.) - MINNESOTA - Infestations expected to be most
serious in southeast and southwest districts, less serious in south-central and
central districts. (Minn. Pest Rpt.).

A CARABID BEETLE (Clivina impressifrons) - ILLINOIS - Mostly this species, 12 per
square foot in Bureau County. (Ill. Ins. Rpt.).

SMALL GRAINS

PALE WESTERN CUTWORM (Agrotis orthogonia) - OKLAHOMA - Ranged 0-10 per linear
foot in all wheat checked in Texas County, but averaged 3-4 per linear foot in
most. Few scattered fields destroyed and occasional fields sprayed. (Okla. Coop.
Sur.). COLORADO - Larval counts 0-10 per linear foot on wheat. Counts reduced

in fields where controls applied. Larvae found throughout northeastern and east-
central areas. (Johnson). NEBRASKA - Ranged 1-9 per linear foot in several Chase
County wheatfields. About 30,000 acres infested and about 1,500 acres destroyed.
(Sakurada, Apr. 29). Ranged 1 per yard to 8 per linear foot in Kimball and Banner
Counties. (Andersen, Apr. 28).

ENGLISH GRAIN APHID (Macrosiphum avenae) - WISCONSIN - Increasing slowly; averaged
3-4 per 100 sweeps on rye in Southern areas. (Wis. Ins. Sur.). KANSAS - Light,

0-5 per 10 sweeps, in most wheat checked in northeast and north-central areas.
(Simpson). OKLAHOMA - Averaged 200 per linear foot in oats in Creek County.

Ranged 100-300 per linear foot in wheat in Washita County and 5-10 per linear
foot in Payne and Muskogee Counties. (Okla. Coop. Sur.). FLORIDA - All stages less
than 1 per 100 sweeps of oats and 1 per 3 sweeps of rye at Gainesville, Alachua
County. (Mead).

A LYGAEID BUG (Paromius longulus) - FLORIDA - Increasing. Adults 3 per 100 sweeps
of rye,/ 11 per 100 Sweeps of oats at Gainesville, Alachua County. (Mead).

GRASS SAWFLY (Pachynematus extensicornis) - KANSAS - Averaged 1-3 larvae per 10
sweeps of most wheat checked in north-central and northeast areas. (Simpson).

FORAGE LEGUMES

EUROPEAN CLOVER LEAF TIER (Mirificarma formosella (HlUbner)) - CALIFORNIA - Larvae
causing severe damage to Trifolium repens, Ladino clover, burclover, and rose
clover at Lincoln, Placer County, and at Pleasant Grove, Sutter County. Larvae
collected April 9, 1969, in Placer County by J.H. Wilson, and April 15, 1969,

in Sutter County by J. Miller. Adults reared from these larvae determined this
species by R.W. Hodges. This is a new Western Hemisphere record, Originally
collected as adults in sweeping near Georgetown, El Dorado County, June 7, 1967,
by J. Powell. Determined as gelechiid moth. Later submitted to specialist. Larvae
collected from Ladino clover at Lincoln, Placer County, April 4, 1968, by J.
Henderson. Determined as gelechiid moth; rearing attempt unsuccessful. M.
formosella occurs in middle and southern Europe, Asia Minor, Syria, and North
Africa. Larvae semi-skeletonize the leaves and fold 2 leaf surfaces together with
light webbing. Discoloration and drying of foliage follow. Pupation occurs in
folded leaves. Very little information available in literature on this pest.
Delimitation of infestation is underway. (Cal. Coop. Rpt.). For background report
see page 333.

= 323 -

ALFALFA WEEVIL (Hypera postica) - MASSACHUSETTS - Adults averaged 2.4 and larvae
2 per 100 sweeps of alfalfa in Hampshire County. (Miller, Apr. 28). NEW JERSEY -
Adults averaged 32 per 100 sweeps in 8 alfalfa fields in Cumberland, Salem, and
Gloucester Counties; 2 larvae swept from one field. (Ins.-Dis. Newsltr.).
DELAWARE - Larvae increasing on alfalfa throughout State. Highest counts averaged
30-40 per sweep in some areas of east Sussex County; injury moderately heavy.
Larvae and injury generally light in New Castle and Kent Counties. (Burbutis).
MARYLAND - First to third instars in most alfalfa in State. Ranged 5-60 per 10
sweeps, tip injury 2-50 percent in fields surveyed. (U. Md., Ent. Dept.). OHIO -
Adults 8 per sweep, larvae 2 per stem, egg clusters in half of stems and almost
all stems infested with larvae in one Morgan County field. (Richter). Adults
averaged about 8 per 25 sweeps throughout southeast area. Larvae 1 on 5-10 stems
in Morgan, Noble, Washington, Monroe, and Belmont Counties. Larvae 0-6 (average
about 2) per stem. Most larvae in first instar in leaf buds; none moved onto
leaf. Eggs abundant, about 1 cluster per 10 stems in southeast area. Several
fields, particularly in Morgan and Noble Counties, usually 1 egg cluster per 5
stems. Adults 5 per 25 sweeps and as high as 8 per sweep in some Ottawa County
fields; no eggs yet. (Ruff). INDIANA - Larvae per square foot in alfalfa by
district: Southeast - 7-76, terminal feeding 20-50 percent; south-central -
165-761, feeding on 50-100 percent of plants; southwest - 14-426; central - 0-61;
west-central - 10; east-central - 15, feeding 0-15 percent. Plant development in
southeast district 7 days later than in south-central district and about 14 days
later than in southwest district. (Huber, Apr. 26). ILLINOIS - Becoming economic
in most southern districts. Larval average per 100 sweeps by district: Southwest
1,443 (high of 2,000), 57 percent tip feeding; southeast 837, 34 percent tip
feeding; west-southwest 335, 11 percent tip feeding; east-southeast 283, 6 percent
tip feeding; west 16, no tip feeding. (I11. Ins. Rpt.). Most alfalfa south. of
U.S. Highway 460 damaged. Damage evident between U.S. Highway 460 and State High-
way 16; some fields may need treatment soon. (Ins. Sur. Bull.).

TENNESSEE - H. postica heavy in alfalfa in Madison County April 26. (Butler).
ARKANSAS - Adults and larvae 5-10 in 100 sweeps of crimson clover in Johnson,
Pope, and Desha Counties. Johnson, Desha (Boyer, Barnes), and Pope new county
records (PPC). MISSOURI - Larvae 80-100 per 10 sweeps in some alfalfa in St.
Charles and Osage Counties. (Craig). Controls applied to most infested fields in
southeast area. (Jones). WISCONSIN - First instars averaged 1 per 25 sweeps of
alfalfa in Dane County in fields with southern exposure. (Wis. Ins. Sur.). NORTH
DAKOTA - No overwintering adults evident in alfalfa in McKenzie County. (Brandvik,
Apr. 25). COLORADO - Adults ranged 30-60 and larvae up to 10 per 100 sweeps in
Weld and Morgan Counties. (Johnson). IDAHO - One second instar April 1 in

random sample of 320 alfalfa stems east of Lewiston, Nez Perce County. First eggs
from one egg puncture in random sample of 230 stems at Moscow, Latah County, April
5. One adult collected in 200 sweeps on April 5. (Saad). First eggs found near
Caldwell, Canyon County, April 21. (Brown). OREGON - Counts per 100 sweeps in
Benton County alfalfa: 53 south of Corvallis, 154 and 10 in Kiger Island. Adults
mating and dissection of females revealed many more mature eggs than evident on
April 8. No egg laying noted. (Westcott). NEVADA - First larvae of season at Reno
and Sparks area, Washoe County, week of April 25. (Arnett).

A WEEVIL (Hypera sp.) - CALIFORNIA - Heavy on Ladino and burclover in 100-acre
pasture in Lincoln, Placer County; medium in burclover in Elderwood, Tulare
County; and heavy in alfalfa generally in Yolo County, heavy defoliation. Larvae
up to 100 per sweep. All stages heavy on yellow clover in Lakeside, San Diego
County, and on alfalfa and sweetclover in Santa Maria, Santa Barbara County.
(Cale COOpeeR Dit) k-

CLOVER HEAD WEEVIL (Hypera meles) - ALABAMA - Larvae damaging seed heads on
several thousand acres Of crimson clover in Autauga County past 5-10 days.
Controls applied. (Scott et al.). SOUTH CAROLINA - Very serious on crimson clover.
(Nash, Nettles, Apr. 25).

= 324 -

CLOVER LEAF WEEVIL (Hypera punctata) - KANSAS - Larvae 4-11 per 10 sweeps of all
alfalfa surveyed in northeast, north-central, and central districts. (Simpson).
ILLINOIS - Larvae averaged 27 per square foot of clover in northwest district.
lL ins Sure) hs

LESSER CLOVER LEAF WEEVIL (Hypera nigrirostris) - VIRGINIA - Adults 100 per 100
sweeps, damage light in Prince Edward County. Adults 5-10 per 100 sweeps in
Amherst, Buchanan, and Cumberland Counties. (W.A. Allen).

WEEVILS (Sitona spp.) - MASSACHUSETTS - S. hispidulus averaged 2.6 per 100 sweeps
of alfalfa in 5 Hampshire County fields. (Miller, Apr. 28). OHIO - S. hispidulus
(clover root curculio) and S. cylindricollis (sweetclover weevil) 1-5 per 25
sweeps in southeast area alfalfa. (Richter). KANSAS - S. hispidulus adults 7-15
per 10 sweeps of all alfalfa checked in north-central and northeast areas.
(Simpson). OREGON - S. hispidulus adults 143 per 100 sweeps in alfalfa field in
south Corvallis. Fewer in other fields. (Westcott).

PEA APHID (Acyrthosiphon pisum) - ALABAMA - Heavy infestations developing on Caley
pea in Marengo County. Very heavy on young crimson clover and vetch throughout
south and central areas. (Miller et al.). VIRGINIA - Light, 60-450 per 100
sweeps, in Amherst, Buchanan, Cumberland, and Prince Edward Counties. (W.A. Allen).
MARYLAND - Increasing rapidly in some Eastern Shore fields. Ranged up to 60-80
per sweep in 20 acres near Reids Grove, Dorchester County. (U. Md., Ent. Dept.).
MASSACHUSETTS - Averaged 15.8 per 100 sweeps of alfalfa in 5 Hampshire County
fields. (Miller, Apr. 28). WISCONSIN - Increasing slowly. Ranged 3-5 per 10
sweeps in Sauk, Richland, Columbia, and Marquette Counties, and 1-50 per sweep
in Rock, Green, Grant, Iowa, and Dane Counties. Parasitism ranged about 50 per-
cent and peaks to 80 percent. (Wis. Ins. Sur.). ILLINOIS - Average per 100
sweeps by district: West-southwest 183, southwest 700. (Ill. Ins. Rpt.).
ARKANSAS - Ranged 400-500 in 100 sweeps in legumes in all areas. Winged forms
increased; make up less than 20 percent of population. (Boyer, Barnes). KANSAS -
Light, 5-25 per 10 sweeps of alfalfa checked in north-central and northeast
districts. (Simpson). OKLAHOMA - Moderate to occasionally heavy in several
southwest, south-central, and north-central counties. (Okla. Coop. Sur.).

TEXAS - Detected in alfalfa in Denton County April 25. Light to heavy on alfalfa
in Blacklands and Rolling Plains areas. (Turney et al.). COLORADO - Very light
in alfalfa, up to 100 per 100 sweeps in Weld and Morgan Counties. (Johnson).
UTAH - Nymphs present on alfalfa at Garland, Box Elder County. (Knowlton, Apr.
30). NEVADA - Medium on alfalfa in Pahrump Valley, Nye County. (Munson).

MEADOW SPITTLEBUG (Philaenus spumarius) - VIRGINIA - Infested 20-30 percent of red
clover stems in 40-acre field in Prince Edward County. Much lighter in most
fields. Infested 5-15 percent of stems in few fields in Amherst, Buchanan, and
Cumberland Counties. Nymphs collected in Amherst County for a new county record.
(W.A. Allen). MARYLAND - Nymphs appearing in clover and alfalfa on Eastern Shore
and in central areas. (U. Md., Ent. Dept.). OHIO - Nymphs common through south-
east area on clover and some alfalfa; about 50 percent of clover infested. In
south nymphs ‘in second instar, north of U.S. Highway 40 first instar. (Richter).
ILLINOIS - Nymphs averaged 68 per 100 stems in northwest district. (Ill. Ins.
Rpt.). WISCONSIN - Remains scarce. Few taken in 30 sweeps in some Dane County
alfalfa. (Wis. Ins. Sur.).

GREEN CLOVERWORM (Plathypena scabra) - ALABAMA - Larvae light on all crimson
clover and vetch examined in Cherokee, Morgan, Shelby, Autauga, and Montgomery
Counties. Several spots in crimson clover in Marengo County becoming heavy.
(Miller et al.). ARKANSAS - Larvae 5-10 in 100 sweeps in all legumes surveyed
in several areas of State. (Boyer, Barnes). KANSAS - Averaged 1-4 per 10
sweeps of northeast area alfalfa. (Simpson).

CLOVER LOOPER (Caenurgina crassiuscula) - WISCONSIN - Adults appearing in
Mazomanie .and Hancock blacklight traps. (Wis. Ins. Sur.).

S210)

VARIEGATED CUTWORM (Peridroma saucia) - ARKANSAS - Second instars ranged 8-12 in
100 sweeps of crimson clover in various areas. (Boyer).

CLOVER LEAFHOPPER (Aceratagallia sanguinolenta) - FLORIDA - Adults 22 per 100
sweeps (Mead); apparently increasing (Fla. Coop. Sur.). MARYLAND - Increasing
statewide but remains light in clover. Adults ranged up to 8-20 per 10 sweeps.
QUEREMGE Entre Depitie))

A SPRINGTAIL (Sminthurus medialis) - KANSAS - Ranged 75-300 per 10 sweeps of
alfalfa in Cloud, Mitchell, Osborne, Smith, Jewell, and Republic Counties.
(Simpson).

COTTON

BOLL WEEVIL (Anthonomus grandis) - TEXAS - Averaged 20 (250 maximum) per acre in

5 of 36 fields in McLennan and Falls Counties. Total of 35 collected on 12 flight
screens; none in 1968. Wing traps installed at each ground trash collection point
in McLennan County. First weevil caught March 28. Through April 30, caught 579
weevils. Weevils removed from hibernation cages May 1. Survival percentage as
follows: 0.8 in 2 cages of 1,000 field collected weevils installed November 1968;
O of 126 removed from ground trash and rehibernated November 21, 1968; 1.1 of 88
removed from ground trash and rehibernated March 19. None collected from cages
with green bolls installed in November, or from bollie cotton installed February
28. (Cowan et al.). Reported from Wilbarger and Stonewall Counties. First

detected in traps on April 18 in Stonewall County with peak activity noted

on April 22. (Boring). LOUISIANA - Taken in 17 wing traps adjacent to areas of
spring ground trash collections in Madison Parish. Total of 361 weevils collected
March 13 to May 1; males 55.5 percent, females 44.5 percent. Total of 1,508 weevils
collected from 145 wing traps near isolated cotton fields on island in Mississippi
River during April 4 to May 1; 57.9 percent males, 42.1 percent females. Ten
traps. set several yards apart along bayou near hibernating sites April 16 to
correlate emergence with weather; 24 weevils taken to May 1; 56.7 percent males,
43.3 percent females. (Cleveland et al.).

BOLLWORMS (Heliothis spp.) - TEXAS - Total of 125 larvae reared to fourth and
fifth instar collected from Indian paintbrush, Texas star, pin clover, phlox,
and wild verbena in McLennan and Falls Counties identified as H. zea. One egg
from pin cushion daisy reared to fifth instar identified as H. virescens. (Cowan
Giz BALES a

COTTON APHID (Aphis gossypii) - ALABAMA - Adults and nymphs very heavy in 25-acre
field of young 2-leaf stage cotton in Houston County. No preplant pesticides
applied. No aphids in few fields of cotton examined in Shelby, Autauga, and
Limestone Counties. Most cotton in these counties received preplant systemic
insecticides. (Chapman, Scott, et al.).

COTTON FLEAHOPPER (Pseudatomoscelis seriatus) - TEXAS - None in 10 treated and 26
untreated fields in McLennan and Falls Counties. Light in April on croton, wild
verbena, horsemint, bluecurls, wild potato, evening-primrose, and cut leaf
evening-primrose. (Cowan et al.).

WHITE GRUBS - TEXAS - Damaging seedling cotton in Fort Hancock area, Hudspeth
County. (Neeb, Apr. 25).
POTATOES, TOMATOES, PEPPERS

POTATO FLEA BEETLE (Epitrix cucumeris) - DELAWARE - Few adults on potatoes in most
areas of State, mostly along field edges. (Burbutis).

COLORADO POTATO BEETLE (Leptinotarsa decemlineata) - DELAWARE - Adults and egg
lasses on commercial potatoes in Kent County. (Burbutis).

- 326 -

COLE CROPS

CABBAGE LOOPER (Trichoplusia ni) - FLORIDA - Increasing, all instars on over half
of untreated cabbage in test plot at Sanford, Seminole County. Plants heading

up, and averaging 2 larvae per plant; damage appearing in commercial fields.
(Greene).

GENERAL VEGETABLES

ASPARAGUS BEETLES (Crioceris spp.) - NEW JERSEY - C. duodecimpunctata (spotted
cucumber beetle) very Light on asparagus. C. asparagi (aSparagus beetle) eggs
and adults heavy near wooded areas of asparagus fields near Mullica Hill,

Gloucester County. Noted near Moorestown, Burlington County. (Ins.-Dis. Newsltr.).

ONION MAGGOT (Hylemya antiqua) - NORTH DAKOTA - Larvae heavy, damage moderate on
onions at Regent, Hettinger County; controls necessary. (McBride).

LIGHT TRAP COLLECTIONS

FLORIDA - Gainesville, 4/25-5/1, BL - Armyworm (Pseudaletia unipuncta) 1, beet
armyworm (Spodoptera exigua) 2, granulate cutworm (Feltia subterranea) 10,
yellow-striped armyworm (Prodenia ornithogalli) 1. MISSISSIPPI — Stoneville,
4/26-5/2, 2BL, 45-82°F., precip. 0.34 —- Armyworm 49, black cutworm (Agrotis
ipsilon) 20, granulate cutworm 2, salt-marsh caterpillar (Estigmene acrea) l,
variegated cutworm (Peridroma saucia) 3. MISSOURI - Fair Grove, 4724-30 -
Armyworm 24, black cutworm 2, variegated cutworm 4, yellow-striped armyworm 1.
Kansas City, 4/24-30 - Armyworm 2, black cutworm 2, yellow-striped armyworm 2.
Portageville, 4/26-5/1 - Armyworm 11. SOUTH CAROLINA - Charleston, 4/28-5/4
48-80 F., precip. 0.29 - Black cutworm 1. TEXAS - Brownsville, 4/26-5/2, 6BL,
64-92°F., precip. 0.02 - Black cutworm 65, cabbage looper (Trichoplusia ni) 8,
corn earworm (Heliothis zea) 106, granulate cutworm 33, tobacco budworm CH.
virescens) 3, tobacco hornworm (Manduca sexta) 7, tomato hornworm (M. quinque-
maculata) 2, variegated cutworm 10, yellow- striped armyworm 1,

- 327 -

DECIDUOUS FRUITS AND NUTS

BERTHA ARMYWORM (Mamestra configurata) - WASHINGTON - Severe local damage to
young apple buds at Zillah and other locations in Yakima Valley, Yakima County.
(Landis, Apr. 25).

CODLING MOTH (Carpocapsa pomonella) - WASHINGTON - First overwintered larvae
pupated April 17 at Yakima, Yakima County, (Johnson). NEW JERSEY - Adults
expected on apple in about 7 days in central and south counties. (Ins.-Dis.
Newsltr.).

RED-BANDED LEAF ROLLER (Argyrotaenia velutinana) - NEW YORK - Pheromone traps
attracted moths April 18 in eastern areas; catches remained relatively high
despite cool, wet weather. (N.Y. Wkly. Rpt.).

ORIENTAL FRUIT MOTH (Grapholitha molesta) - NEW JERSEY - Trapped 5 moths
April 23-30 at Glassboro, Gloucester County. First adult on peach April 28 near
Moorestown, Burlington County. (Ins.-Dis. Newsltr.).

PEAR PSYLLA (Psylla pyricola) - CONNECTICUT - Eggs hatching at Storrs, Tolland
County; nymphs on pear leaves. (Kollas, Apr. 29). NEW YORK - Hatched April 22,
nymphs easily detected by April 25 in Ulster County. (N.Y. Wkly. Rpt.).

APHIDS - CALIFORNIA - Rhopalosiphum padi heavy on plum trees at Woodland, Yolo
County. (Cal. Coop. Rpt.). WASHINGTON - First ovoviviparous young of R. fitchii
(apple grain aphid) on apple April 17 in Yakima County. Mortality of Eriosoma
lanigerum (woolly apple aphid) above-ground overwintering forms high at Yakima,
Yakima County. (Johnson, Apr. 25). MARYLAND - Dysaphis plantaginea (rosy apple
aphid) remains low at Hancock, Washington County; some leaf curling. (U. Md., Ent.
Dept.). NEW JERSEY - First D. plantaginea of year on apple. (Ins.-Dis. Newsltr.).

EUROPEAN RED MITE (Panonychus ulmi) - MARYLAND - Increasing in some orchards at
Hancock, Washington County; not heavy enough to bronze leaves. (U. Md., Ent.
Dept.). NEW JERSEY - New larvae easily found on developing apple leaves. (Ins.-
Dis. Newsltr.), CONNECTICUT - About 25 percent hatch on apple at Storrs,

Tolland County. (Kollas, Apr. 29), RHODE ISLAND - Winter eggs, up to 250 per. spur,
at Kingston, Washington County. (Field).

A SPIDER MITE (Tetranychus mcdanieli) - WASHINGTON - First summer eggs April 21.
Low overwintered numbers in Yakima Valley due to heavy predation last fall.
(Johnson) ,

APPLE RUST MITE (Aculus schlechtendali) - NEW YORK - Overwintered adults active
April 24. (N.Y. Wkly. Rpt.

PECAN NUT CASEBEARER (Acrobasis caryae) - TEXAS - Characteristic "flagging" heavy
statewide. Pupated in Galveston and Bastrop Counties; moth emergence limited

and very early in theses counties. (Texas Coop. Rpt., Apr. 25). In Bastrop County,
418 pupae and 13 larvae under 36 bands April 29. Pupation started in Brazos
County; very little catch on bands north of Travis and Brazos Counties. Moth
emergence approaching 5 percent in Bastrop County. (Texas Coop. Rpt.). OKLAHOMA -
Overwintered larvae light in terminals of Payne County pecans. (Okla. Coop. Sur.).

CITRUS

MELON APHID (Aphis gossypii) - CALIFORNIA - Medium on orange trees at Escondido,
San Diego County. (Cal. Coop. Rpt.),

See} ei

SMALL FRUITS

RASPBERRY CROWN BORER (Bembecia marginata) - IDAHO - Infested most older canes
in small boysenberry planting April 17 at Caldwell, Canyon County. (Homan) .

ORNAMENTALS

A WEEVIL (Brachyrhinus meridionalis) - IDAHO - Damaged privet leaves at Lewiston,
Nez Perce County. Collected by C. Thomas July 15, 1968. Identified by R.E. Warner,
This is a new State record. (Thomas) ,

A SNAIL (Rumina decollata) - CALIFORNIA - Heavy on Amaryllis sp. at Bakersfield,
Kern County. (Cal. Coop. Rpt.).

FOREST AND SHADE TREES

CONIFER SAWFLIES (Neodiprion spp.) - OHIO - N. sertifer (European pine sawfly)
severe on Scotch and red pines in large planting in Licking County April 30. On
red pine in Mohican State Forest April 21 (Schoby) and Scotch pine in Carroll
County April 8 (Campbell). ARKANSAS - Fourth and fifth instars of N. taedae
linearis on pines in south-central area. (Young, Apr. 25). oy

LARCH CASEBEARER (Coleophora laricella) - WISCONSIN - Damage appearing on
European larch in Dane County. (Wis. Ins. Sur.),

A GELECHIID MOTH (Exoteleia nepheos) - OHIO - Larvae moved from needles to bud
tips on Carroll County Scotch pine. (Campbell).

SPRUCE APHID (Elatobium abietinum) - CALIFORNIA - Adults and nymphs heavy on
spruce nursery stock at Palo Alto, Santa Clara County. (Cal. Coop. Rpt.).

PINE BARK APHID (Pineus strobi) - WISCONSIN - Eggs on white pine at Dane County
site and at Boscobel and Spring Green, Sauk County. (Wis. Ins. Sur.).

EASTERN TENT CATERPILLAR (Malacosoma americanum) - MISSOURI - Larvae mostly
third stage and tents averaged 2 per tree on wild cherry and wild plum in east-
central area. (Craig). Second and third instars observed in Taney, Stone, Jasper,
and Polk Counties. (Francka). WISCONSIN - Tents on chokecherry, wild plum, and
apple in Rock and Grant Counties. (Wis. Ins. Sur.). OHIO - Hatched statewide;
larvae still small. Tents primarily in wild cherry, but hawthorn common host in
Gallia County. (Richter). NEW JERSEY - On wild cherry at Moorestown, Burlington
County. (Ins.-Dis. Newsltr.).

TENT CATERPILLAR MOTHS (Malacosoma spp.) - TEXAS - M. disstria (forest tent
caterpillar) light to medium on oaks and pecans in Blanco and Hays Counties.
(Massey). CALIFORNIA - M. californicum larvae medium on oaks at San Anselmo,
Marin County. (Cal. Coop. Rpt.). WASHINGTON - Malacosoma sp. threatens to be as
severe as in past 2 years in Island County. (Forsell, Apr. 25).

A PSYCHID MOTH (Solenobia walshella) - MISSOURI - Numerous cocoons under bark of
hickory in Boone County. Collected and determined by W.S. Craig March 22, 1969.
Adults emerged indoors March 29. This is a new State record. (Craig).

FRUIT-TREE LEAF ROLLER (Archips argyrospilus) - CALIFORNIA - Unusually abundant;
injury severe. Severely damaged oaks Since 1967 in north areas, particularly in
Sacramento County. Currently widespread on oaks mostly, deciduous fruit trees,
and ornamentals associated with oaks. (Cal. Coop. Rpt.).

—5 320 =

SPRING CANKERWORM (Paleacrita vernata) - OKLAHOMA - Damage moderate on American
elm tree and light on several other trees at Stillwater, Payne County. (Okla,
Coop. Sur.). MINNESOTA - Number of male moths reported during early April
indicates another possible heavy infestation. (Minn, Pest Rpt.).

WHITE-MARKED TUSSOCK MOTH (Hemerocampa leucostigma) - MINNESOTA - Cocoons heavy
especially near Faribault, Rice County, St. Paul, Ramsey County, and Minneapolis,
Hennepin County. (Minn. Pest Rpt.

MOURNING-CLOAK BUTTERFLY (Nymphalis antiopa) - TEXAS - Larvae feeding on elms in
Upton and Pecos Counties. (Neeb, Apr. 25m

ELM LEAF BEETLE (Pyrrhalta luteola) - TEXAS - Active in Wilbarger, Glasscock,
Reagan, Upton, Cottle, King, and Gray Counties. (Boring et al., Apr. 25).

NEVADA - Adults feeding on elm foliage at Lovelock, Pershing County. (Martinelli).
IDAHO - First adult feeding April.18 at Parma, Canyon County. (Scott) .

ELM SAWFLY (Cimbex americana) - TEXAS - Larvae severely infested elms at Goliad,
Goliad County; control excellent. (Hajdik, Apr. 25).

WESTERN DRYWOOD TERMITE (Incisitermes minor) - NEVADA - Light to medium in stumps
and trunks of partly dead juniper in Virgin Mountains, Clark County. (Bechtel,
Zoller). Second area of Clark County and third area of State for infestations in
native trees. (Bechtel).

MAN AND ANIMALS

SCREW-WORM (Cochliomyia hominivorax) - Total of 18 cases reported in US?

April 27-May 3 as follows: TEXAS - Brooks 1, Bee l, Crockett 1, Dimmit 1, Duval
1, Goliad 1, Guadalupe 1, Kleberg 1, Presidio 2, Starr 1, Webb 1, Wilson l,

Zapata 4; NEW MEXICO - Hidalgo 1. Total of 190 cases reported in portion of
Barrier Zone in Republic of Mexico April 20-26 as follows: Territorio sur de Baja
California 3, Sonora 80, Chihuahua 54, Coahuila 11, Nuevo Leon 6, Tamaulipas 36.
Total of 11 cases reported in Mexico south of Barrier Zone, Barrier Zone is area
where eradication operation underway to prevent establishment of self-sustaining
population in U.S. Sterile screw-worm flies released: Texas 56,618,000;

New Mexico 2,340,000; Arizona 7,180,000; Mexico 83,580,000. (Anim. Health Div.).

HORN FLY (Haematobia irritans) - SOUTH CAROLINA - First observed at Clemson
April 22, (Nettles). ALABAMA - Becoming more general among beef and some dairy
cattle in north, especially in St. Clair County. (Jackson et al.). TEXAS -
Building up in Hudspeth, Brewster, Jeff Davis, Pecos, and Crockett Counties. Some
controls started in Crockett County. (Neeb, Apr. 25). Averaged 400 per head of
cattle (ranged 200-600 on 40 head) in Brazoria County. (Sanders) , OKLAHOMA -
Average per head by county: Cherokee 250, Payne 45. (Okla. Coop. Sur.). i
ILLINOIS - Light on cattle for first time in 1969 in extreme southern area. (quills
Ins, Rpt.).

STABLE FLY (Stomoxys calcitrans) - OKLAHOMA - Increased to 4 per dairy cow
checked in Payne County. (Okla. Coop. Sur.).

HORSE FLIES - TEXAS - Tabanus sp. averaged 3 per head of Brazoria County cattle.
(Sanders) . OKLAHOMA - Hybomitra nigricans decreased, ranged 3-4 per head of
cattle at Heavener, Le Flore County. (Okla. Coop. Sur.).

DEER FLIES (Chrysops spp.) - SOUTH CAROLINA - Netted 96 C. fuliginosus adults in
15 minutes April 16; about 2,000 adults trapped in 24 hours on tanglefoot panel

trap April 21 in Charleston County. C. niger taylori adult problem beginning on
golf course April 21 at Pawleys Island, Georgetown County. (Adkins, Nettles).

- 330 -

MOSQUITOES - NEVADA - Culex tarsalis larvae heavy, 150+ per dip, at Schurz,
Mineral County. All instars and few pupae present. Adults will be heavy in 7-10
days. (Alcorn). MINNESOTA - First hatch April 2, Collected 14 Aedes species and
Culiseta inornata by April 26. A. cinereus and A. excrucians most numerous with
smaller numbers of A. stimulans, A. dorsalis, and A. vexans. Most are single-
brooded Aedes that hatch early and persist as adults in Some cases well into
summer or longer. (Minn. Pest Rpt.).

A BIBIONID FLY (Plecia nearctica) - FLORIDA - Larvae abundant in decaying
vegetation, especially oak leaves. Flight predicted for May. Will be fourth
consecutive year of abundance at Gainesville, Alachua County. (Hetrick, Apr. 21).

HARD-BACKED TICKS - UTAH - Dermacentor andersoni (Rocky Mountain wood tick)
numerous on range cattle and dogs in sagebrush areas of Box Elder County and on
man in Ogden Valley, Weber County. (Knowlton, Apr. 30). OKLAHOMA - Amblyomma
americanum (lone star tick) heavy on cattle checked in Cherokee County.

D. variabilis (American dog tick) heavy on horses checked in Lake Carl Blackwell
‘area Of Payne County. (Okla. Coop. Sur.). MINNESOTA - D. variabilis active on
warmer days past few weeks. (Minn. Pest Rpt.). mis

BROWN RECLUSE SPIDER (Loxosceles reclusa) - INDIANA - One male from Montgomery,
Daviess County, April 21. Determined by T.A. Parker. This is a new county record.
(Huber) .

STORED PRODUCTS

GRANARY WEEVIL (Sitophilus granarius) - NORTH DAKOTA - Adults and larvae severely
damaged samples of stored wheat, oats, and barley at Carrington, Foster County.
Damage nearly 100 percent. (Hjelseth, Apr. 25).

BENEFICIAL INSECTS

CONVERGENT LADY BEETLE (Hippodamia convergens) - ARKANSAS - Adults and larvae,
mostly this species, continue very active statewide. (Boyer, Barnes). COLORADO -
This and other species ranged 0-50 per 100 sweeps of alfalfa. (Johnson). UTAH -
Light on range plants and alfalfa in Curlew Valley, Box Elder County. (Knowlton,
Apr. 29) .

BIG-EYED BUGS (Geocoris spp.) - ARKANSAS - Adults becoming active, no reproduc-—
tion, (Boyer, Barnes). UTAH - Light on range plants and alfalfa in Curlew Valley,
Box Elder County. (Knowlton, Apr. 29).

A EULOPHID WASP (Aphelinus mali) - WASHINGTON - Heavy emergence from mummified
Eriosoma lanigerum (woolly apple aphid) at Yakima, Yakima County. (Johnson,
Apr. 20)

A SCOLIID WASP (Campsomeris pilipes) - IDAHO - Males of this parasite of
Polyphylla decemlineata (ten-lined June beetle) first emerged April 26 in Arena
Valley, Canyon County. (Waters).

A PHYTOSEIID MITE (Typhlodromus occidentalis) - WASHINGTON - Active on
Tetranychus mcdanieli at Parker Heights, Yakima County. (Johnson, Apr. 25).

FEDERAL AND STATE PLANT PROTECTION PROGRAMS

BROWN-TAIL MOTH (Nygmia phaeorrhoea) - MAINE - Additional webs found along

coastal area during March. Infestations found in following townships during 1969:
Portland, Falmouth, Freeport, Brunswick, and Harpswell. Survey to continue to
delimit infestation, NEW HAMPSHIRE - Four webs found to end of March; all at sites

= 3315 =

of previous infestation, MASSACHUSETTS - No extension found of generally infested
area in Barnstable County. Survey negative throughout remainder of New England,
(PPC East. Reg.).

CITRUS BLACKFLY (Aleurocanthus woglumi) - MEXICO - Biological Control Zone - In
Tamaulipas 1,740 trees inspected on 28 acres in Municipios Padilla and Victoria;
61 trees on one acre found infested in Municipio Victoria, Leaf samples collected
from 26 groves in Municipios Villagran, Hidalgo, Padilla, Ocampo, Llera, and
Gonzales in Tamaulipas. Parasitism by Prospaltella opulenta (a eulophid wasp)
averaged 57 percent for these samples. Chemical Control Zone - Inspections made
of 23,266 trees on 354 acres in 7 municipios in Nuevo Leon and 2,635 trees on 42
acres in 3 municipios in Tamaulipas. In Nuevo Leon, 139 trees found infested on
751 acres in municipios Monterrey, Hualahuises, and Linares, In Tamaulipas, 41
trees found infested on one acre. Total of 32 additional urban properties found
infested in city of Matamoros, All surveys in States of Sonora and Baja
California negative during March. (PPC Mex. Reg.).

CEREAL LEAF BEETLE (Oulema melanopus) - OHIO - Adults per 100 sweeps of wheat by
county: Licking 24, Knox 3, Holmes 6. Few adults moved to oats not more than 4
inches high. Should migrate more in next few weeks; egg deposition after mid-May.
(Treece).

GRASSHOPPERS - OKLAHOMA - General hatch last 10 days of April in scattered areas
of Bryan, Carter, Garvin, Cherokee, Muskogee, McClain, and Comanche Counties.
Nymphs 1-3 per square yard in crop margins and 1-4 per square yard in grassland,
Species hatching Melanoplus bivittatus, M. sanguinipes, and Ageneotettix deorum,
(Okla. Coop. Sur.). UTAH — Mostly. first and Second instars, Still not numerous,
on rangelands at Snowville and Kelton, Box Elder County. Some apparently Aulocara
elliotti. (Knowlton, Apr. 30).

GYPSY MOTH (Porthetria dispar) - MINNESOTA - Four egg masses and some spent pupal
cases on trailer at Duluth, St. Louis County. Trailer from out of State. Traps
will be operated in area. Undercarriage of trailer sprayed with a chlorinated
hydrocarbon to insure no survival. (Minn. Pest Rpt.). RHODE ISLAND - First hatch
April 25 at Lincoln, Providence County. (Relli). NEW HAMPSHIRE - Hatch 90-95
percent in southern area. Egg clusters heavy on some islands in Lake Winnipesaukee
during March; apparent parasitism very light. Defoliation probable in this area.
PENNSYLVANIA - Heavily infested area at Auburn delimited by PPC and State
personnel during March; 1,200 acres around reservoir heavily infested. Only
scattered single egg clusters found outside this area. Total of 3,700 acres may
be treated. Infestation discovered in eastern Carbon County near Penn Forest
Reservoir; egg clusters up to 200 per acre at center of infestation. Land
privately owned, All but 5 positive trap sites scouted in Montgomery County;
single egg cluster found in Marlborough Township. (PPC East. Reg.).

MEXICAN FRUIT FLY (Anastrepha ludens) - MEXICO - During March, 560 traps at
Tijuana, Tecate, and Ensenada, Baja California, inspected 2,386 times; results
negative. Total of 129 Anastrepha spatulata and 13,012 sterile A. ludens taken in
traps at La Paz, Territorio sur de Baja California. No native A, ludens taken,
(PPC Mex. Reg.). 7

CORRECTIONS

CEIR 19(18):306 - MEADOW SPITTLEBUG (Philaenus spumarius) - WISCONSIN - ...
Coon Valley in Crawford County should be ... Coon Valley in Vernon County.
Wasi sbns!)) Sur».

- 332 -

HAWAII INSECT REPORT

Turf - LAWN LEAFHOPPER (Deltocephalus hospes) nymphs and adults heavy, 15-37 per
sweep, on 10 Tifgreen Bermuda grass lawns at Kaneohe, Oahu. (Funasaki).

General Vegetables - MELON APHID (Aphis gossypii) heavy on cucumbers at Hauula
and Waimanalo; Light on cucumbers at Pearl City, Waianae, and Pupukea, Oahu.
(Nakao et al.). TURNIP APHID (Hyadaphis pseudobrassicae) heavy on unsprayed
Chinese cabbage in gardens at Lawai, Kauai. (Sugawa).

Ornamentals - A LEAFHOPPER (Protalebrella brasiliensis) heavy on wedelia on Oahu.
Nymphs and adults per 10 sweeps from 5 localities at Kaneohe average 425; at
Koko Head 375; Halawa 400; and Honolulu 280, Known only on Oahu, (Funasaki).

Forest and Shade Trees - KIAWE FLOWER LOOPER (Cosymbia serrulata) adults heavy
in light traps past 3 weeks at Waipahu and Ewa, Oahu. Collections in other areas
increasing rapidly. (Au).

Man and Animals - HORN FLY (Haematobia irritans) adults light on pastured cattle
from 200 to 2,000 feet elevation at Hana and Ulupalakua, Maui. (Miyahira).

Beneficial Insects - Adults of a DUNG BEETLE (Copris incertus prociduus)
attracted to night lights for first time this year in moderate numbers at
Makawao, Maui. Purposely introducted into Hawaii to inhibit horn fly breeding.
(Miyahira). Adults of a SCIOMYZID FLY (Sepedon macropus), a snail predator,
numerous in sewage ditch area of poultry farm at Waianae, Oahu; egg masses,
larvae, and freshwater snails Lymnaea ollula (liverfluke snail) and/or Physa
compactus abundant. (Ikeda).

Miscellaneous Insects - Two males of a LONGHORN GRASSHOPPER (Euconocephalus
nasutus) picked up in weedy vacant lot at Ewa, Oahu, for 8 captured Specimens
Since discovery January 1968. These 2 specimens green; other 6 light brown. Loud
stridulation sounds annoying residents at night led to capture of these two.
About 13 adults escaped capture. (Au). BARNACLE SCALE (Ceroplastes cirripedi- .
formis) light, 8-10 per plant, on ageratum (Ageratum conyzoides) at Hilo, Hawaii
Island, for new host record. (Kobayashi, Apr. B

INSECT DETECTION

New Western Hemisphere Record - EUROPEAN CLOVER LEAF TIER (Mirificarma formosella
(Hubner)) — CALIFORNIA —- Larvae collected at Lincoln, Placer County, on April 9,
1969, by J.H. Wilson. Heavily damaged Ladino clover. Larvae also collected on
clover at Pleasant Grove, Sutter County, on April 15, 1969, by J. Miller.
Determined by R.W. Hodges. (p. 322). For background report see page 333.

New State Records - A LEAFHOPPER (Cicadula intermedia) collected at Kiona, Benton
County, in WaShington by B.J. Landis, March 22, Determined by G.T. Hagel.
Apparently a new State record. (Harwood, Landis). A WEEVIL (Brachyrhinus
meridionalis) Nez Perc® County, Idaho; a PSYCHID MOTH (Solenobia walshella)

Boone County, Missouri (p. 328).

New County Records - ALFALFA WEEVIL (Hypera postica) Desha, Johnson, and Pope
Counties, Arkansas (p. 323). MEADOW SPITTLEBUG (Philaenus spumarius) Amherst
County, Virginia (p. 324). BROWN RECLUSE SPIDER (Loxosceles reclusa) Daviess
County, Indiana (p. 330). I

2 SReY S
EUROPEAN CLOVER LEAF TIER (Mirificarma formosella (Hubner) )

Economic Importance - Larvae of this gelechiid were found heavily damaging 100
acres of Ladino Clover at Lincoln, Placer County, California, on April 9, 1969, by
J.H. Wilson. Rose clover (Trifolium hirtum) and burclover were also damaged.
Adults reared from these larvae were determined by R.W. Hodges. Larvae were also
collected from clover at Pleasant Grove, Sutter County, April 15, 1969, by

J. Miller. This location is few miles from Lincoln infestation. Adults were
collected on June 7, 1967, by J. Powell 4 miles west of Georgetown, El Dorado
County.

Host Plants - Trifolium repens, Ladino clover, burclover, rose clover, purple
vetch, and native clovers in California.

Distribution - Central and southern Europe, ASia Minor, Syria, and North Africa.

United States: California.

Life History - Little is available on this species in the literature. In
California larvae semi-skeletonize leaves of clovers. Two leaf surfaces are
folded together by light webbing, followed by discoloration and drying of foliage.
Pupation occurs in the folded leaves.

Description - Adult - Variegated orange-brown; about 0.25 inch long. Hind wing
smoky; rear margin curves sharply forward near outer tip and comes to rather sharp
point (see illustration). Larva - About three-eighths inch long. Light green with
black head. Anal comb distinctive - 2 central spines cross each other (see illus-
tration). This can be seen with a hand lens. This species was originally des-
cribed in the genus Acompsia.

This information abstracted from releases by the California Department of Agri-
culture, Bureau of Entomology. Drawings by T. Kono.

Bee é /

AG ae ‘f
“YY OY,
BLA

Adult Anal Comb of Larva

: U.S. Dept. Agr.
Prepared in Plant Pest Coop. Econ. Ins. Rpt.
Control Division, ARS 19(19):333, 1969

- 334 -

A Stocking-Type Trap for Survey of Winter Moth

During the 1968 fall survey for winter moth (Operophtera brumata (Linnaeus)) in
coastal areas of Maine, a new Stocking-type trap was most effective. Although
results of the survey were negative for winter moth, this trap provided, for the
first time, a tool for volume trapping over extensive areas. This trap was
designed by scientists of the Department of Forestry of Canada basically to
capture wingless females of the family Geometridae.

The trap (fig. 1) consists of one quart-size container with lid, one pint-size
container with lid, a length of nylon stocking (approximately 18 inches), a
retaining ring 2.75 inches in diameter with a center hole 1.75 inches in diameter,
and two blocks of wood. Both containers have a circular hole cut in the bottom:
1.75 inches in diameter in the quart container and 1 inch in the pint container.

The smaller end of the stocking is inserted through the retainer ring, With the
edge folded over the ring, the stocking is drawn through the hole in the bottom
of the quart container. The quart container is then tacked to a host tree (fig.
2) with the top part of the stocking hanging downward. With the stocking pulled
tight, the lower portion is stretched and tacked flush to the tree trunk by means
of the wooden blocks. Another small block, or stick, about 2 inches long is
inserted at the center of the stretched stocking top to insure sufficient

opening for insects to enter.

A small piece of DDVP, which acts as a killing agent, is attached near the top
of the pint container. This pint container is placed within the quart container.
Plastic covers are placed on both containers.

Figure 1 Figure 2

U.S. Dept. Agr.
Prepared in Plant Pest Coop. BeOn peer Rpt.

Control Division, ARS 19(19):334, 1969

SURVEY METHODS

Selected References 1953

Part XVI

Additional copies of Parts I through XVI of this bibliography are available from
Survey and Detection Operations.

POPULATION MEASUREMENT

MULHERN, T. D. 1953. The use of mechanical traps in measuring mosquito popu-
lations. Calif. Mosquito Control Assoc. Proc. 21:64-66.

REARING

ATKINSON, J. L. 1953. Notes on breeding Euplagia quadripunctaria Poda. Ent.
Rec. and J. Variation. 65(11):309-310.

BECKWITH, L. C. 1953. Notes on the rearing of larch sawfly larvae. Amer. Assoc.
Econ. Ent. No. Cent. States Br. Proc. 8:21-22.
Pristiphora erichsonii

BURCHFIELD, H. P., REDDER, A. M., STORRS, E. E. and HILCHEY, J. D. 1953.
Improved methods for rearing larvae of Aedes aegypti (L.) for use in insecticide
bioassay. Boyce Thompson Inst. Contrib. 17(5):317-321

DUSTAN, A. G. 1953. A method of rearing the oleander scale, Pseudaulacaspis
pentagona Targ. on potato tubers. Dept. Agr. Bermuda Bul. No. 27, pp.

JAYEWICKREME, S. H. 1953. Observations on the bionomics of some anopheline
mosquitoes reared in the laboratory. I-III. Ceylon J. Sci. Sect. B:Zool. 25(2):
75-116.

JOHNSON, J. H. 1953. An attempt to rear the larva of Heliophobus anceps

Schiff. (Saponariae Bork., Reticulata Vill.). Ent. Rec. and J. Variation. 65(11):
326-327.

LIPOVSKY, L. J. 1953. Improved technique for rearing chigger mites (Acarina:
Trombiculidae). Ent. News 64(1):4-7.

LONG, D. B. 1953. Effects of population density on larvae of Lepidoptera. Roy.
Ent. Soc. London Trans. 104(15):543-586.
Includes notes on rearing several species of Lepidoptera

RAWLINS, W. A. 1953. A method for rearing the onion maggot in insectary cul-
tures. J. Econ. Ent. 46(6):1101.
Hylemya antiqua

U.S. Bur. of Ent. and Plant Quar. 1953. Techniques for rearing and handling
fleas. U.S. Bur. Ent. and Plant Quar. ET-308, 6 pp.

WALLIS, R. C. and SPIELMAN, A. 1953. Laboratory rearing of Culex salinarius
(Diptera, Culicidae). Ent. Soc. Wash. Proc. 55(3):140-142.

- 335 -

- 336 -

EQUIPMENT AND TECHNIQUES

BOUDREAUX, H. B. 1953. A simple method of collecting spider mites. J. Econ.
Ent. 46(6):1102-1103.
Tetranychidae

BROWN, L. R. 1953. A standardized laboratory apparatus for using the speedlight
in photography of insects and other small objects. Lepidopterists' News 7(5/6):
148-166.

BURTON, G. J. 1953. Some techniques for mounting mosquito eggs, larvae, pupae
and adults on slides. Mosquito News 13(1):7-15.

DINTHER, J. B. M. Van. 1953. An apparatus for breeding insects. Tijdschr. over
Plantenziekten 59(5e):200.

FINNEY, G. L. 1953. A technique for mass-culture of the six-spotted mite.
J. Econ. Ent. 46(4):712-713.
Eotetranychus sexmaculatus

FREDEEN, F. J. H. and Coauthors. 1953. Mass tagging of black flies (Diptera:
Simuliidae) with radio-phosphorus. Canad. J. Zool. 31(1):1-15.

HOCKING, B. 1953. Plastic embedding of insects--a simplified technique. Canad.
Ent. 85(1):14-18.

KLOCK, J. W., PIMENTEL, D. and STENBURG, R. L. 1953. A mechanical fly-tagging
device. Science 118(3054) :48-49.

KNOWLTON, G. F. and WRAY, D. L. 1953. Shuttle service with honey-sample
shipping tubes. Brooklyn Ent. Soc. Bul. 48(1):9.
For sending insect specimens through the mail

LESTON, D. 1953. A simple method for making stained mounts. Entomologist
86(10): 254.

MOORES, H. 1953. A method for maintaining a colony of Anopheles gambiae in the
laboratory. Roy. Soc. Trop. Med. and Hyg. Trans. 47(4):321-323.

SHEMANCHUK, J. A., SPINKS, J. W. T. and FREDEEN, F. J. H. 1953. A method of
tagging prairie mosquitoes (Diptera: Culicidae) with radio-phosphorus. Canad.
Ent. 87(7):269-272.

Aedes

WALLIS, R. C. 1953. A technique for micromanipulation of mosquitoes. Mosquito
News 13(1):15-16.
TRAPS

BEEBE, R. 1953. Sampling Michigan Lepidoptera by the fixed light trap.
Lepidopterists' News 7(1):28.

BRETHERTON, R. F. 1953. The moth trap in October, 1952 and 1953. Ent. Rec. and
J. Variation 65(12):339-341.
Great Britain

BRUNDRETT, H. M. 1953. A homemade fly trap. U. S. Bur. Ent. and Plant Quar.
ET-312, 4 pp.

DALES, P. 1953. A simple trap for tipulids (Dipt.). Ent. Mon. Mag. 89(1075):
304.

- 337 -

DEAY, H. O. and TAYLOR, J. G. 1953. Preliminary report on the relative
attractiveness of different heights of light traps to moths. Indiana Acad. Sci.
Proc. 63:180-184.

DINTHER, J. B. M. Van. 1953. Details about some flytraps and their application
to biological research. Ent. Ber. 14(331):201-204.

FOX, I. and CAPRILES, J. M. 1953. Light trap studies on mosquitoes and
Culicoides in western Puerto Rico. Mosquito News 13(2):165-166.

LIONG, L. S. 1953. Termite trapping. Ent. Ber. 14(332) :220-222.

MULHERN, T. D. 1953. Better results with mosquito light traps through stand-
ardizing mechanical performance. Mosquito News 13(2):130-133.

ROBINSON, H. S. 1953. Mercury-vapour lamp technicalities. Ent. Gaz. 4(4):280-
281.

WILLIAMS, D. D. 1953. A simple Drosophila trap for wet weather collecting.
Brooklyn Ent. Soc. Bul. 48(1):24-25.

WORTH, C. B. 1953. Construction and use of a Simplified window trap for
insects. Mosquito News 13(3):204-206.

ATTRACTANTS

BARNHART, C. S. and Chadwick, L. E. 1953. A "fly factor" in attractant studies.
Science 117(3031):104-105.

PICTORIAL KEYS

FOOTE, R. H. 1953. Pictorial keys to the mosquitoes of medical importance.
IV. Anglo-Egyptian Sudan. Mosquito News 13(4):255-258.

SOMMERMAN, K. M. and FOOTE, R. H. 1953. Pictorial keys to the mosquitoes of
medical importance. I, Korea, by K. M. Sommerman; II, Formosa, by K. M. Sommerman
and R. H. Foote; III, Malaya, by K. M. Sommerman and R. H. Foote. Mosquito News
13(1,2):18-22, 162-164.

U.S. Dept. Agr.

Prepared in Plant Pest Coop. Econ. Ins. Rpt.
Control Division, ARS 19(19):335-337, 1969

- 338 -

Weather of the week continued from page 320.

This storm moved into Wyoming and the Dakotas. Thunderstorm activity occurred as
far north as Kansas by Wednesday morning as the warm moist air from the gulf
moved into that area. By late Wednesday locally heavy thunderstorms occurred over
south Texas. A cloudburst dumped more than 5 inches of rain on the Corpus Christi
area Wednesday afternoon. Thursday showed a continuation of these patterns. As

the storm in the North Central States moved eastward, a thunderstorm occurred at
Huron, South Dakota, producing 0.5-inch hail and rain. The moist gulf air moved
northward to the front of this storm cauging widespread rain and showers in the
upper Mississippi Valley. Blue skies covered most of the Nation by Friday morning.
Exceptions being the upper Mississippi Valley and Great Lakes area where showers
and thundershowers occurred and the Pacific Northwest had scattered rain and
showers. By late Friday severe thunderstorms had developed in western Texas.
Tornadoes and hail occurred in the Panhandle of Texas and moved into western
Oklahoma Friday evening. Saturday showed considerable shower activity at widely
separated places over the country. Thunderstorms with hail occurred in south Texas
and spotted areas of the Great Plains. Heavy thundershowers occurred in Florida
with funnel clouds and strong winds in the Tampa area. Scattered showers continued
in the Northwest as a frontal system moved on to the coast. The week ended with
violent thunderstorms laden with tornadoes and hail occurring in the Great Plains.
Midland, Texas, reported hail half the size of golf balls. Heavy showers occurred
in southern Florida and light to moderate showers in Maine.

TEMPERATURE: The week began with freezing or near freezing temperatures in the
northern States from the Rockies to the Great Lakes as a cool air mass moved
rapidly southward and eastward. Ahead of the cool air the east coast basked in
above normal temperature. By late TueSday the cool air had moved off the east
coast and into the Gulf of Mexico and northern Florida, bringing widespread frost
from Michigan to the Tennessee Valley. The warm moist air from the gulf moved
northward through west Texas. Light frost occurred Thursday night from Michigan

to New England and southward to West Virginia with record low temperatures in West
Virginia and adjacent areas. Warming continued in the West and Plains States,
reaching 85° in western Kansas. Friday, cool weather moved into the Northwest and
to the Northern Plains States. The week ended with cool weather extending from the
Pacific Northwest through the northern States to Minnesota. The rest of the States
ended the week with above normal temperatures. (Summary supplied by Environmental
Data Service, ESSA.)

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AGRICULTURAL RESEARCH SERVICE

PLANT PEST CONTROL DIVISION

SURVEY AND DETECTION OPERATIONS

The Cooperative Economic Insect Report is issued
weekly as a service to American Agriculture. Its contents
are compiled from information supplied by cooperating State,
Federal, and industrial entomologists and other agricultural
workers. In releasing this material the Division serves as
a clearing house and doesnot assume responsibility for ac-
curacy of the material.

All reports and inquiries pertaining to this release,
including the mailing list, should be sent to:

Survey and Detection Operations
Plant Pest Control Division
Agricultural Research Service
United States Department of Agriculture
Federal Center Building
Hyattsville, Maryland 20782

Volume 19 May 16, 1969 Number 20

COOPERATIVE ECONOMIC INSECT REPORT
HIGHLIGHTS

Current Conditions

ARMYWORM moths taken in light traps in Wisconsin, Tennessee, Nebraska, and
Georgia. (p. 341).

BEET LEAFHOPPER required treatment on wasteland in Wyoming. Averaged 150 per
100 sweeps on sugarbeets in Arizona. (p. 341).

First ASTER LEAFHOPPER of season in southeast Wisconsin. (p. 341).
SPOTTED ALFALFA APHID building up in some New Mexico alfalfa. (p. 341).
PALE WESTERN CUTWORM damaging wheat in Wyoming. (p. 342).

ALFALFA WEEVIL adults and larvae heavy on alfalfa in California; increased in
Illinois. Damage heavy on alfalfa in southern Delaware. (pp. 342-343).

TARNISHED PLANT BUG ranged 40-60 per 100 sweeps of alfalfa in central and south-
ree aA areas of Minnesota. Heavy on crimson and hop clovers in Mississippi.
(mp. 344).

An ARMORED SCALE reported at record high level and APHIDS reached highest level
in 18 years on Florida.citrus. (p. 348).

SPRUCE NEEDLE MINER larvae damaged spruce in North Dakota. (p. 348). Eradica-
tion treatment applied to small infestation in California. (p. 351).

A GRASS BUG required treatment on 4,000 acres of seeded wheatgrass in New Mexico.
(pie 3'5l))

CEREAL LEAF BEETLE adults moving into available oats, adult damage common on
wheat and oats in Michigan. (p. 351).

Detection

For new county and island records see page 346.

Special Reports

Survey Methods. Selected References 1952. , Part XVII. (pp. 353-354).

Reports in this issue are for the week ending May-9 unless otherwise indicated.

= 339 -

- 340 -

CONTENTS
Special Insects of Regional) Sion 1 CANCE leieicsics sleicel crevice cvovenete. ctelerercvenevere eielereeeeer aL:
Insects Affecting
Corn; Sorghum, Sugamrcameiis ss cselere ser 341 General VegetableS.......0cc0e+0e e346
Smaller Grads ekels, ore Gio OOOO «-.2-342 Deciduous Fruits and Nuts.........347
Turf, Pastures), Rangeliandis. 2.00. oe S42) CLECUS . sheetelcoratee. eal slistal ol charehanevelelene en wet
Forage LegumeS.........e+eeeeeeee22342 Other Trop. & Subtrop. Fruits.....348
Cottonerersssycisxce Sel Shevelelelciele c)te ie) siels lela ee LOM LOMA MIU CS. tereiel siereie tence cisialeiene eNOS
TODA CCOG cc. cle aisle lor diols} cieleie «crs che aici e 14 Olu MOLNAMEMbEALS sircccuohoheteyerene) clolehensieneh Rokenem tO LES
Sugarbeects. 0.0... ecescewrserecessso460 Forest and Shade’ Drees’. :27. ccs sls
Potatoes, Tomatoes, Peppers...... 7.046) Man: and) ‘AndimailSicjers occncicl<)crerelesterer serene LO,

Beans and PeaS......eesecrcccsceeseee 346 Households and Structures.......-.350
COlesGrOpPS hire tours cUeysectsh emer eneheleneueleliclenetekei oe O.

TINSEC Le DE CSC EBON. joe scpcia: storsceseleieveiclovsite/e ohete les orci slievellcie siclioierelele: steuchensierelase eeehelsteel tor eRe.
Beneficial, INSECUS . cicie sc iccec sicie si cicheneuetelocd’ olchenene aichovetel skenecenebelorche eraholeneleloke: tthe eeu)
Federal and State Plant Protection Programs\.’.). sc.«c occ .ce + ols ccorsiele cle) cele erelolsee enero
Hawali- Insect: Report isc sials chore che ove wie sveetols eve igvatenereleletclerere of otete orarerciorerciel cele crerenete Rea,
Light Trap Collections. si 5c 0cs 0s cc sles ocie. Sie Stbie\'eiie! crwholle:e) e} aieuelelen sy saohener ee mateo:
Survey Methods, Selected References 1952, Part XVII... 1... cc ccc ccc cree ccc s eee BOS

WEATHER OF THE WEEK ENDING MAY 12

HIGHLIGHTS: Mild sunny weather prevailed over the Northwest. Heavy precipitation
fell in the central Rockies and parts of the South, Numerous tornadoes struck in
the South and in the Ohio River Valley.

PRECIPITATION: Violent thunderstorms, large hail, heavy rains, strong winds, and
numerous tornadoes brought damage and destruction in a number of areas last week.
Early in the week, the storms buffeted Texas and Oklahoma before spreading across
the South to Alabama. Some of the thunderheads in the Midland, Texas, area
approached 14 miles in height. At least 10 tornadoes struck the Texas Panhandle
Tuesday afternoon, Hail as large as baseballs pelted spots in southern Texas,
Cloudbursts dumped 77-inch rains south of Ft. Worth drowning 4 persons. Heavy
precipitation (3.5 inches over the entire South Platte Basin) on Wednesday caused
severe flooding along the river including its course through metropolitan Denver.
Some mountain areas west of Denver received 5 to 9 inches of rain while 1 to 3
feet of snow fell in the higher mountains farther north. By midweek, precipita-
tion became widespread across the Nation, Rain fell in 39 States on Wednesday;
tornadoes occurred in Ohio, Kentucky, Texas, and Mississippi, The tornadoes
caused few deaths (2 in Ohio), many injuries (50 in Ohio), and widespread prop-
erty damage to trees, homes, house trailers, and powerlines. The rains continued
over the eastern half of the Nation but the West became clear and sunny by
Thursday. The Southeast cleared Friday but the rains continued in the Northeast
over the weekend,

TEMPERATURE: Warm weather predominated from the Pacific Ocean to the northern
and central Rocky Mountains with much of the intermountain area averaging 6° to
10° above normal, Temperatures averaged 6° to 10° below normal over the southern
Rockies. The temperature at Douglas, Arizona, dropped to 32° on Wednesday
morning. Over the Central and East, the week began warm but temperatures dropped
sharply after about 3 days and weekly averages were near normal--Sslightly below
normal from the northern Great Plains to the Southeast and slightly above normal
from the Great Lakes to the middle Atlantic coast. (Summary supplied by
Environmental Data Service, ESSA.)

- 341 -
SPECIAL INSECTS OF REGIONAL SIGNIFICANCE

ARMYWORM (Pseudaletia unipuncta) - WISCONSIN - Moths appearing in blacklight
traps at Mazomanie, Dane County, and Hancock, Waushara County. (Wis. Ins. Sur.).
TENNESSEE - Adults increasing in light trap collections, in Madison County.
(Johnson). GEORGIA - One moth collected in Atlanta, Fulton County. (Ridley).
NEBRASKA - Moths appearing in blacklight trap in Lincoln, Lancaster County.
(Keith).

ARMY CUTWORM (Chorizagrotis auxiliaris) - NEVADA - Larvae averaged 1-2 per crown
of alfalfa at Orovada, Humboldt County. Not every crown infested, but infestation
general in most fields. (Lundahl). Alfalfa seed field treated in area. (Sebbas).
WYOMING - Larvae ranged 0-5 (averaged 0.5) per square foot on alfalfa in Goshen
and Platte Counties April 28-29. (Parshall). COLORADO - Larval damage in Weld
County on alfalfa. Larvae 0-4 per square foot; numbers higher in some fields.
Controls applied. (Johnson, Alldredge). NEBRASKA - Larvae ranged 5-12 per linear
foot in 7 wheatfields near Grainton, Perkins County. (Hendrix). :

BEET LEAFHOPPER (Circulifer tenellus) - WYOMING - Total of 6,912 acres of waste-
land in Washakie and Southern Big Horn Counties treated. Survey in Washakie County
after spraying indicated leafhoppers reduced from 0.11 to 0.01 per square foot

of weed hosts sampled; 350 square-foot samples taken. (Petersen, Parshall).
ARIZONA - Averaging 150 per 100 Sweeps on sugarbeets at Casa Grande, Pinal County.
CArwZze Coop. ‘Sur.

ASTER LEAFHOPPER (Macrosteles fascifrons) - WISCONSIN - First of season, about 1
per 100 sweeps in KenoSha and WauShara Counties. (Wis. Ins. Sur.).

TOBACCO BUDWORM (Heliothis virescens) - GEORGIA - Moderate to heavy across tobacco
belt. (Girardeau).

CORN EARWORM (Heliothis zea) - ALABAMA - Recent moth flight occurred in southeast
area. Second and third-stage larvae infested 20-25 percent of buds in one "knee-
high" cornfield in Henry County. Few larvae on nearby cotton and vetch. (Penuel
et al.). GEORGIA - Light on young soybeans, in Tift County. (Todd).

CORN LEAF APHID (Rhopalosiphum maidis) - ALABAMA - Winged adults and several
nymphs on 50+ percent of 12 to 20-inch tall corn in Henry County. (McQueen).

GREENBUG (Schizaphis graminum) - ARIZONA - Light on 10 acres of wheat at Safford,
Graham County. (Ariz. Coop. Sur.). NEBRASKA - One specimen in suction trap May
5-7 at Lincoln, Lancaster County. Only 2 Specimens taken at site Since trap
started April 1, indicating very light northward movement through area. (Pruess).
MINNESOTA - Trace on winter wheat and roadside bluegrass in Dakota County May 8
for first of season. (Minn. Pest Rpt.).

SPOTTED ALFALFA APHID (Therioaphis maculata) - WISCONSIN - Nymphal averages per
Sweep: 3 in alfalfa near Spring Green, Sauk County, and 1 at Prairie du Chien,
Crawford County. No winged forms. (Wis. Ins. Sur.). ILLINOIS - Ranged 200-300

per 100 sweeps on Grundy County alfalfa. (Ill. Ins. Rpt.). KANSAS - None found

in alfalfa checked in Dickinson, Saline, McPherson,and Marion Counties. (Simpson).
NEW MEXICO - Appearing in some fields checked near Albuquerque, Bernalillo County.
Mostly winged adults. (Heninger, May 2). Building up in several alfalfa fields in
Mesilla Valley; some fields require treatment. (N.M. Coop. Rpt.).

CORN, SORGHUM, SUGARCANE

EUROPEAN CORN BORER (Ostrinia nubilalis) - NEW JERSEY - First-generation adults
should appear in southern counties in about 7 days. (Ins.-Dis. Newsltr.).

DELAWARE - First adults of season in Sussex County May 6 on roadside vegetation.
Pupation averages 80 percent. (Burbutis). ILLINOIS - Pupation just beginning with
high of 20 percent in east-Southeast district. (Ill. Ins. Rpt.). NORTH DAKOTA -
Overwintering mortality in southeast untilled cornfields ranged 0-32 (averaged 14)

- 342 -

percent; decrease from 19 percent in 1968. Lower mortality probably due to heavy
snow cover past winter. Bird predation evident in 50 percent of fields compared
to 47 percent in 1968. (Brandvik). MISSOURI - Pupation 78 percent May 7 on 24
farms in New Madrid County. First moth of Season May 9 at Portageville. (Munson).

PALE WESTERN CUTWORM (Agrotis orthogonia) - WYOMING - Many fields in Veteran and
Yoder areas, Goshen County, treated. (Skelton). Counts ranged 0-4 (averaged 2.8)

per linear foot in one wheatfield in Dwyer area, Platte County, April 28. Heavy

damage apparent. (Parshall). :

CORN FLEA BEETLE (Chaetocnema pulicaria) - DELAWARE - Very heavy feeding injury,
adults averaged 4-5 per plant on young corn in one area of Kent County. (Burbutis).
MARYLAND - Adults feeding on emerging corn throughout Eastern Shore. Most
infestations light. (U. Md., Ent. Dept.). ILLINOIS - Ranged 3-20 per plant on
newly emerged sweet corn in west-southwest section. (I1l. Ins. Rpt.).

SEED-CORN MAGGOT (Hylemya platura) - NEW JERSEY - Caught 460 on 4 sticky boards
April 30 to May 7 at Cedarville, Salem County. (Ins.-Dis. Newsltr.).

SMALL GRAINS

PALE WESTERN CUTWORM (Agrotis orthogonia) - OKLAHOMA - Averaged 5.5 per linear
foot in wheat in western half of Texas County, 20-80 percent of tillers destroyed
in some fields. (Okla. Coop. Sur.). KANSAS - Populations unchanged (0-6 per

row foot) in southwest area. Many small larvae found. (DePew). NEBRASKA - Damage
10 percent in 4 of 40 wheatfields checked. Most damage at southern edge of Deuel
County. (Sall, May 7). In remainder of panhandle, activity curtailed due to cool
weather. Most wheat in good condition. (Hagen). Heavy local infestations in
eastern Perkins County on May 8; 7 wheatfields near Grainton had 5-12 per foot;
wheat 9-10 inches tall. (Hendrix). Some damage to wheat in southwestern Lincoln
County south of Wallace. (Luttrell). WYOMING - Small grain being sprayed in
Chugwater area, Platte County. (Spackman). COLORADO - Larvae averaged 0-4 per
linear foot of drill row on wheat in most areas checked in Logan and Sedgwick
Counties. (Johnson).

ENGLISH GRAIN APHID (Macrosiphum avenae) - MINNESOTA - Alates 1-5 per 100 Sweeps
on rye, winter wheat, and bluegraSs in central and southeastern districts. (Minn.
Pest Rpt.). WISCONSIN - Averaged 3-5 per sweep in some Sauk and Crawford County
rye fields and 5 per 100 sweeps elsewhere. Alates about half of population in
southern areas. (Wis. Ins. Sur.). MISSISSIPPI - Light on 30 acres of oats in
Pontotoc County. (Dinkins).

WHEAT CURL MITE (Aceria tulipae) - OHIO - Adults light on winter wheat past 2
weeks in Holmes, Wayne, and Ashland Counties. (Nault).

BROWN WHEAT MITE (Petrobia latens) - NEVADA - Light to medium on barley and wheat
at Lovelock, Pershing County. Damage light in drier fields; irrigation used
as control. (Martinelli).

TURF, PASTURES, RANGELAND

BANKS GRASS MITE (Oligonychus pratensis) - NEVADA - Heavy on timothy in field in
Smith Valley, Lyon County. Controls required. (Adams).

FORAGE LEGUMES

ALFALFA WEEVIL (Hypera postica) - NEW YORK - Adult averages per 100 sweeps: 19 on
May 1, 22 on May 2 at Aurora, Cayuga County. In Tompkins County, on same dates
weevils averaged 3 and 2 per 50 sweeps at Etna; some adults taken in flight traps
facing woods in Ithaca. (N.Y. Wkly, Rpt.). PENNSYLVANIA - Adults 5 per 100 sweeps,
larvae 5 per 900 sweeps on new alfalfa in Centre County May 1. (Hower). DELAWARE -
Heavy damage on alfalfa in eastern Sussex County, light to moderate in other
regions. (Burbutis). MARYLAND - Larvae well below normal. Ranged 5-30 per 10

- 343 -

Sweeps in most alfalfa 12-18 inches high statewide. Appear extremely light.

(U. Md., Ent. Dept.). VIRGINIA - Larvae averaged 750-1,000 per 100 sweeps
(averaged 3 per stem) in 30-acre field in Rappahannock County, damage moderate
to heavy. (W.A. Allen). OHIO - Egg clusters low in northwestern area; field
with more than one cluster per 5 stems rare. Larvae generally 3-5 per 25 Sweeps.
Larvae still small and not out of terminal buds yet. In Wayne, Medina, and
Holmes Counties larvae and adults about same as northwestern area. (Glass,
Thobur, et al.). INDIANA - Ranged 170-260 per 100 sweeps on alfalfa. Mating
pairs common in day sampling. Larval development in southeast district behind
other southern districts. Larval feeding light on 20-50 percent of plants in
southeast area. No larval feeding evident in 90 percent of fields in central
districts, while 10 percent had 5-20 percent feeding visible. Adults ranged
90-160 per 100 sweeps, mating pairs common. Larvae ranged 0-6 per 10 Sweeps.
Weevil development as of May 2 behind 1968 development rate in central areas.
Development in southeast district 2 weeks behind 1968 rate. (Huber, McGroarty,
May 2). MICHIGAN - Adults active, 2 per 10 sweeps taken near Bath on May 1
adults flying at 10:00 A.M. on May 4 near Galien. Daylight flight of adults
unusual. Grubs should appear soon. (Ruppel). WISCONSIN - Adults 3 per 25 sweeps
of alfalfa in southeastern Kenosha County. Larvae averaged 1 per Stem in some
fields and occasionally as many as 3. Adults still filled with eggs. (Wis. Ins.
Sur.). ILLINOIS - Increased very rapidly due to warm weather. Economic as far
north as southern parts of west-southwest and east-southeast districts. Larval
average per 100 sweeps by district: Southwest 4,978, 92 percent tip feeding;
southeast 4,333, 100 percent tip feeding; east-southeast 633, 35 percent tip
feeding; west-southwest 538, 21 percent tip feeding; and northeast 30, 2
percent tip feeding. Pupation just begun in southwest and southeast sections.
Many fields cut or to be cut next 7 days. Parasitism variable but averaged 85
percent around Lawrenceville, Lawrence County. (Ins. Sur. Bull.).

MISSOURI - Light in southwest and west-central districts. Collected for new
county records by G.W. Thomas in Henry County and by R.E. Munson in Jasper
County May 7. (Munson). MISSISSIPPI - Larvae averaged 80 per square foot in 10
acres of alfalfa in Lee County. Pupation noted. Foliage damage moderate week
ending May 2. Larvae per 200 stems by county: Oktibbeha 86, Pontotoc 202, and
Marshall 78. Leaf damage moderate in all fields checked. (Dinkins). NEW MEXICO -
Adults and larvae moderate in alfalfa near Aztec, San Juan County. (Albert,

May 2). Larvae averaged 0-2 per 25 sweeps on Bernalillo County alfalfa.
(Heninger, May 2). WYOMING - First larvae of season collected May 7 in Washakie
County; ranged 0-6 per 100 sweeps. None found in Hot Springs County. Adults
averaged 15 per 100 sweeps in WasShakie and Hot Springs Counties, Alfalfa 6-12
inches tall. (Parshall). COLORADO - Larvae appearing in Logan and Sedgwick
Counties, Adults and larvae range 0-10 per 100 sweeps in alfalfa. (Johnson).
UTAH - Adults active on Davis County alfalfa. (Knowlton, May 7). NEVADA - Eggs,
larvae, and adults in Churchill, Lyon, Pershing, and southern Washoe Counties,
Females still gravid and laying eggs; larvae first to third instar. Heaviest
larval counts, mostly first instar, averaged 15 per sweep at Fallon, Churchill
County. (Arnett, Heringer). CALIFORNIA - Larvae and adults heavy on alfalfa in
Red Bluff, Tehama County. (Cal. Coop. Rpt.).

CLOVER LEAF WEEVIL (Hypera punctata) - MISSOURI - Leaf feeding on alfalfa in
southwest and west-central areas. Larvae appeared 30-80 percent infested with a
fungus Entomophthora sphaeosperma. Newly emerged adults collected. (Thomas).
IOWA - Half-grown larvae averaged 7 per plant in Page County. Around threshold
of economic damage. (Iowa Ins. Sur.). OHIO - Larvae about 5 per 25 sweeps along
northern and western State boundaries and 20-25 per 25 sweeps in west-central
area, particularly in Putnam and Marion Counties. (Richter). WISCONSIN - Larvae
of this and H. postica (alfalfa weevil) common; H. punctata comprises up to 50
percent of weevil population in some southeastern fields. (Wis. Ins. Sur.).

BEAN LEAF BEETLE (Cerotoma trifurcata) - MISSISSIPPI - Light on crimson and hop
clovers in Oktibbeha County. About 1 per 10 sweeps. (Dinkins, May 2).

- 344 -

EUROPEAN CLOVER LEAF TIER (Mirificarma formosella) - CALIFORNIA - Survey revealed
infestations in Sacramento, Nevada, and Yuba Counties making total of 6 infested
counties. Various clovers and purple vetch (Vicia atropurpurea) known hosts to
date :< (Cal: ‘Coop. Rpt .)i-

ALFALFA CATERPILLAR (Colias eurytheme) - NEW MEXICO - Adults becoming prevalent
on Eddy County alfalfa. (Mathews). COLORADO - Larvae ranged 0-10 per 100 sweeps
in one alfalfa field in Iliff area, Logan County. (Johnson).

TARNISHED PLANT BUG (Lygus lineolaris) - MINNESOTA - Ranged 40-60 per 100 sweeps
of alfalfa in central and southeastern districts. (Minn. Pest Rpt.). WISCONSIN -
Adults averaged up to 1 per Sweep in some Southwestern alfalfa fields. (Wis. Ins.
Sur.). INDIANA - Adults ranged 2-7 per sweep throughout central third of State on
alfalfa. (Huber, May 2). MISSISSIPPI - Heavy on crimson and hop clovers in
Oktibbeha County. About 250 per 100 sweeps. (Dinkins, May 2).

LYGUS BUGS (Lygus spp.) - ARIZONA - Averages per 100 sweeps of alfalfa: 80 in
Salt River Valley, Maricopa County, 150 at Casa Grande, Pinal County. (Ariz.
Coop. Sur.). NEW MEXICO - Averages per 25 sweeps: Adults 4-12, nymphs 5-20 in
alfalfa checked near Artesia, Eddy County. (Mathews). COLORADO - Counts 20-40 per
100 sweeps on alfalfa in Logan and Sedgwick Counties. (Johnson). WYOMING - Adults
ranged 6-80 (averaged 33) per 100 sweeps in alfalfa in WaShakie and Hot Springs
Counties. (Parshall). KANSAS - Ranged 3-7 per 10 sweeps in alfalfa in Dickinson,
Saline, McPherson, and Marion Counties. (Simpson). WISCONSIN - First instars
numerous in Rock County. (Wis. Ins. Sur.).

PLANT BUGS (Adelphocoris spp.) - WISCONSIN - A. rapidus (rapid plant bug) nymphs
appearing in Southern and southeastern counties. A. Tineolatus (alfalfa plant
bug) nymphs 2 per sweep common on alfalfa in most areas. (WiS. Ins. Sur.).

MEADOW SPITTLEBUG (Philaenus sSpumarius) - MINNESOTA - Spittle masses appearing on
alfalfa stems in central and Southeastern districts; counts low. (Minn. Pest Rpt.).
WISCONSIN - Nymphs appearing on alfalfa. Averages range from 0.5 per stem in
southwestern counties to 1.3 per stem in some Wood County fields. (Wis. Ins. Sur.).
OHIO - Second and third instars abundant on clover and some alfalfa in northern
area. (Richter). VIRGINIA - Light to moderate on red clover and alfalfa in
Rappahannock, Fauquier, and Page Counties. (W.A. Allen).

PEA APHID (Acyrthosiphon pisum) - DELAWARE - Increased,ranged 5-50 per 10 Sweeps in
most areas. (Burbutis). WISCONSIN - Averages per sweep: 25 on alfalfa in southern
Grant and southern Lafayette Counties, about 1-2 near Wisconsin River in Sauk,
Richland, and Crawford Counties. Winged forms in Sauk and Kenosha Counties.
Parasitism remains high in older nymphs. Ceratomegilla maculata and Hippodamia
tredecimpunctata (thirteen-spotted lady beetle) averaged up to 5 per Sweep on
Southern Dane County alfalfa. (Wis. Ins. Sur.). MINNESOTA - Ranged 40-120 per

100 sweeps of alfalfa in central and southeastern districts. Nabids numerous;
ranged 20-80 per 100 sweeps. Lady beetles present in low numbers. (Minn. Pest
Rpt.). MISSOURI - Counts per 10 Sweeps on alfalfa and red clover 30-950 in
west-central area (Thomas) and 450-1,000 in southwest area (Munson). KANSAS -
Light, 18-35 per 10 sweeps, in alfalfa in Dickinson, Saline, McPherson, and

Marion Counties. (Simpson). OKLAHOMA = Moderate in alfalfa in south-central

area. (Okla. Coop. Sur.). COLORADO - Light, 0-150 per 100 sweeps, on alfalfa

in Logan and Sedgwick Counties. (Johnson). WYOMING - Ranged 20-150 per

100 sweeps of alfalfa in Washakie and Hot Springs Counties. (Parshall). NEVADA -
Very few on alfalfa checked in Churchill, Lyon, and Pershing Counties. (Heringer).

YELLOW CLOVER APHID (Therioaphis trifolii) - MARYLAND - Ranged 10-60 per 10
sweeps in 15-acre field near Webster, Harford County. (U. Md., Ent. Dept.).

WESTERN FLOWER THRIPS (Frankliniella occidentalis) - ARIZONA - Averaged 2,000 per
100 sweeps of alfalfa in Salt River Valley, Maricopa County. (Ariz. Coop. Sur.).

- 345 -

COTTON

BOLL WEEVIL (Anthonomus grandis) - TEXAS - Found in 1 of 3 fields inspected in
Falis and McLennan Counties; averaged 21 per acre (maximum 62). Seventeen weevils
collected on flight screens, total to date 52. Total of 930 weevils caught on 21
wing traps installed at ground trash collection points in McLennan County. (Cowan
et al). ARKANSAS - Traps set in southeast, southwest, and upper Arkansas River
Valley. (Boyer, Barnes). LOUISIANA - Total of 118 weevils collected from trap
sites in Madison Parish. (Cleveland et al.). MISSISSIPPI - Total of 105 weevils
caught in 12 sex traps in delta counties. (Pfrimmer et al.). ALABAMA - Live
weevil counts made on cotton to determine overwintered populations: Henry
County, one on one of four farms (average 13 per acre); Covington County, none;
Monroe County, one on one of four farms (average 13 per acre). (Gamble et al.).
Dallas County, Six on one farm (average 80 per acre), and one on one of four
farms (average 13 per acre). Autauga County, none on four farms. (Kirkpatrick

et al.). Montgomery County, none in two fields. (McQueen). GEORGIA - Six over-
wintering weevils from 12 traps in Randolph County (Womack, May 3); one weevil
from 3 traps in Spalding County (Beckham, May 3). In Randolph County, 13 weevils
in 12 traps. (Womack).

BOLLWORMS (Heliothis spp.) - TEXAS - Eggs and/or larvae collected on Texas star,
phlox, pincushion daisy, lizardtail, bluecurls and tube pentstemon. Twenty-one
larvae collected previously from wild hosts identified as H. zea. Total to date,
149 H. zea and 1H. virescens. One larva collected on cotton identified as H.

zea. (Cowan et al.). MISSISSIPPI - A total of 45 female baited traps caught 179
males to date in delta counties. (Pfrimmer et al.). LOUISIANA - In Madison Parish,
1H. zea and 1H. virescens taken in light trap. (Cleveland et al.).

BEET ARMYWORM (Spodoptera exigua) - ARIZONA - Treatments in few cotton fields at
Yuma, Yuma County. (Ariz. Coop. Sur.). ALABAMA - Isolated groups of larvae
feeding on 2 to 3-leaf cotton in Henry, Monroe, Dallas, and Autauga Counties.
(McQueen).

COTTON FLEAHOPPER (Pseudatomoscelis sSeriatus) - TEXAS - None found in 3 cotton
fields inspected in FallS and McLennan Counties. Light infestations on horse-
mint, evening-primrose, wild verbena, croton, and cut leaf evening-primrose.
(Cowan et al.).

TARNISHED PLANT BUG (Lygus lineolaris) - MISSISSIPPI - One sex lure trap installed
May 2 caught 38 specimens to date in delta counties. (Pfrimmer et al.).

COTTON APHID (Aphis gossypii) - ALABAMA - Increased rapidly in most untreated
fields in Henry County. Counts 10-100 per plant on 3 to 5-leaf cotton on one
farm. Some postplant controls applied. (Penvel et al.).

SPIDER MITES (Tetranychus spp.) - ALABAMA - Very heavy buildup of T. urticae
(two-spotted spider mite); numerous eggs per leaf on 2 to 6-leaf Cotton along
field borders on 2 farms in Monroe and Autauga Counties. Light on older cotton
on one farm in Montgomery County. (McQueen). ARIZONA - Tetranychus spp.
required treatments in few fields at Yuma, Yuma County. (Ariz. Coop. Sur.).

TOBACCO THRIPS (Frankliniella fusca) - ALABAMA - First emergence of nymphs on
young cotton buds in 2 to 5-leaf cotton in Henry and Dallas Counties; 2-6 small
nymphs occurring in deformed buds. Adults continue to migrate from clovers and
grasses to untreated cotton in all areas. (Pike et al.).

TOBACCO
FLEA BEETLES - GEORGIA - Moderate over tobacco belt. (Girardeau, May 3).

- 346 -
SUGARBEETS

SUGAR-BEET ROOT MAGGOT (Tetanops myopaeformis) - COLORADO - Adults emerging
past 2-3 weeks in Weld, Larimer, and Boulder Counties. (Jenkins).

LYGUS BUGS (Lygus spp.) - ARIZONA - Averaging 70 per 100 sweeps at Casa Grande,
Pinal County. (Ariz. Coop. Sur.).

POTATOES, TOMATOES, PEPPERS

COLORADO POTATO BEETLE (Leptinotarsa decemlineata) - NEW JERSEY - First adults of
year on emerging potato foliage at Lumberton, Burlington County. Field treated
with systemic insecticide. (Ins.-Dis. Newsltr.). DELAWARE - Adults and egg masses
noted on commercial potatoes in Kent County. (Burbutis). MARYLAND - Adults feeding
on potatoes on Eastern Shore. Heavy damage in 5 acres at Crumpton, Queen Annes
County. Controls applied. Averaged 1 per 3 shoots at Crumpton. (U. Md., Ent.
Dept.). VIRGINIA - First adult of season in Montgomery County. (M.W. Allen).

SWEETPOTATO FLEA BEETLE (Chaetocnema confinis) - ALABAMA - This and other flea
beetles problem on several hundred acres of tomatoes in St. Clair County. Con-
trols applied. (Jackson et al.).

TOBACCO THRIPS (Frankliniella fusca) - ALABAMA - Many adults emerged in several
hundred acres of tomatoes in St. Clair County. Controls applied. (Jackson).

BEANS AND PEAS

PEA APHID (Acyrthosiphon pisum) - DELAWARE - Increased slightly; averaged 2 per
10 sweeps on peaS in moSt areas. (Burbutis).

COLE CROPS

IMPORTED CABBAGEWORM (Pieris rapae) - DELAWARE - First larvae of season on cabbage
in New Castle County. (Burbutis).

ORANGE TORTRIX (Argyrotaenia citrana) - CALIFORNIA - Larvae light in 10 acres of
cabbage in Oxnard, Ventura County. (Cal. Coop. Rpt.).

GENERAL VEGETABLES

ASPARAGUS BEETLES (Crioceris spp.) - PENNSYLVANIA - First C. asparagi (asparagus
beetle) adults of season on asparagus May 4 in Centre County. (Gesell). NEW
JERSEY - Some controls applied to reduce heavy C. asparagi adult numbers . Cc.
duodecimpunctata (spotted asparagus beetle) remains light but beginning to
increase. (inS.-Dis. Newsltr.).

BEAN LEAF BEETLE (Cerotoma trifurcata) - MISSISSIPPI - Heavy leaf damage on snap
beans in Lee County gardens. Averaged 2 beetles per plant. (Dinkins).

ONION MAGGOT (Hylemya antiqua) - NEW JERSEY - Caught 71 on 4 sticky boards April
30 to May 7 at Cedarville, Salem County. (Ins.-Dis. Newsltr.).

BROWN WHEAT MITE (Petrobia latens) - NEVADA - Heavy in garlic field in Smith
Valley, Lyon County. Controls applied. (Adams).

INSECT DETECTION

New County and Island Records - ALFALFA WEEVIL (Hypera postica) Henry and Jasper
Gounties, Missouri (p. 343). EUROPEAN CLOVER LEAF TIER (Mirificarma formosella)
Nevada, Sacramento, and Yuba Counties, California (p. 344). A PHYCITID MOTH
(Acrobasis caryivorella) Hillsborough County, Florida (p. 347). BROWN RECLUSE
SPIDER (Loxosceles reclusa) Harlan County, Nebraska; Henry County, Georgia

(p. 350). VAGRANT GRASSHOPPER (Schistocerca vaga) Lanai Island, Hawaii (pi 352)

- 347 -

DECIDUOUS FRUITS AND NUTS

ARMORED SCALES - CALIFORNIA - Lepidosaphes ulmi (oystershell scale) and Epidiaspis
leperii (Italian pear scale) heavy on apple stock in nursery at Richmond, Contra
Costa County. (Cal. Coop. Rpt.).

PEAR PSYLLA (Psylla pyricola) - MICHIGAN - Hatching; first instars numerous in
southwestern areas. (Thompson, May 2).

CALIFORNIA PEAR-SLUG (Pristiphora abbreviata) - WASHINGTON - First larvae at
petal fall stage April 28 on Bartlett pears at Donald, Yakima County. (Johnson).

OLETHREUTID MOTHS - NEW JERSEY - Trapped 28 Grapholitha molesta (oriental fruit
moth) April 30 to May 7 at Glassboro, Gloucester County. (Ins.-Dis. Newltr.).
WASHINGTON - First Carpocapsa pomonella (codling moth) male trapped by sex lure
trap in pears April 23 at Buena, Yakima County. None trapped Since during cool
weather. (Johnson, Grigg).

EUROPEAN RED MITE (Panonychus ulmi) - NEW JERSEY - First-generation adults laying
eggs on apple in central and southern counties. (Ins.-Dis.-Newsltr.). MICHIGAN -
Hatch common in Allegan, Van Buren, and Berrien Counties. (Thompson, May re
WASHINGTON - First hatch of overwintered eggs on Bartlett pear in full bloom
April 24 at Yakima, Yakima County. (Johnson) .

PHYCITID MOTHS (Acrobasis spp.) - FLORIDA - A. caryivorella larvae collected on
pecan April 29 at Brandon, Hillsborough County. (Buehler). This is a new county
record. (Fla. Coop. Sur.). ALABAMA - Overwintered A. caryae (pecan nut casebearer)
larvae lightly emerged from new pecan growth and pupated in Autauga, Bullock, and
other central and southern counties, Emergence of adults for egg laying should
occur next 4-10 days. (Kirkpatrick et al.). NEW MEXICO - Ten A. caryae larvae in
50 pecan terminals at Carlsbad, Eddy County. (Marek, May PD)

PECAN LEAF PHYLLOXERA (Phylloxera notabilis) - ALABAMA - Light; galls appearing
on isolated pecan and hickory trees in Macon, Lee, Covington, and other counties,
(Barwood et al.).

CITRUS

Citrus Insect Situation in Florida - End of April - CITRUS RUST MITE
(Phyllocoptruta Oleivora) infested 74 (norm 63) percent of groves; 50 (norm 40)
percent economic. Increasing; will continue to be above normal and in high range.
TEXAS CITRUS MITE (Eutetranychus banksi) infested 31 (norm 49) percent of groves;
14 (norm 24) percent economic, Increased but still below normal and at low level.
Little change expected. Highest districts central and east. CITRUS RED MITE
(Panonychus citri) infested 34 (norm 49) percent of groves; 12 (norm 19) percent
economic, Below normal and in low range. Expected increase will result in
scattered heavy infestations. Highest districts east and south, SIX-SPOTTED MITE
(Eotetranychus sexmaculatus) infested 8 percent of groves; 2 percent economic.
Near average level of last 4 years. Scattered heavy infestations expected through
May. GLOVER SCALE (Lepidosaphes gloverii) infested 77 (norm 82) percent of groves;
10 (norm 25) percent economic. Below average and in moderate range. Increase
expected. Highest districts south and east. PURPLE SCALE (L. beckii) infested 74
(norm 82) percent of groves; 5 (norm 11) percent economic, Below normal and in
moderate range. Decrease will occur; very few heavy infestations expected.
Highest district north. YELLOW SCALE (Aonidiella citrina) infested 77 (norm 64)
percent of groves; 6 (norm 9) percent economic. Near normal and in moderate range.
Slight increase expected. Highest district north. CHAFF SCALE (Parlatoria
pergandii) infested 40 (norm 60) percent of groves; 2 (norm 11) percent economic.
Little change expected from low and subnormal population level. Highest district
north, BLACK SCALE (Saissetia oleae) infested 14 (norm 26) percent of groves; 3
(norm 10) percent economic. At Lowest April level since 1963; means much lower
summer population despite sharp increase in late May. Highest districts east and

- 348 -

west. An ARMORED SCALE (Unaspis citri) infested 17 percent of groves; moderate

or heavy in 7 percent. At record high level; activity increasing. APHIDS infested
82 (norm 32) percent of groves; 21 (norm 2) percent economic, Peaked few days
after mid-April and reached highest level in 18 years of record, Rapid decrease
to low range expected before mid-May. MEALYBUGS currently light in 12 percent of
groves. Increase expected. (W.A. Simanton (Citrus Expt. Sta., Lake Alfred)).

YELLOW SCALE (Aonidiella citrina) - CALIFORNIA - Heavy at Woodland, Yolo County.
Infestations increasing again after decline of few years. (Cal. Coop. Rpt.).

OTHER TROP. & SUBTROP. FRUITS

MELON APHID (Aphis gossypii) - CALIFORNIA - Heavy on 1,000 Bacon avocado nursery
trees at Orland, Glenn County. (Cal. Coop. Rpt.).

SMALL FRUITS

MEADOW SPITTLEBUG (Philaenus spumarius) - MARYLAND - Heavy in one acre of
strawberries near Crumpton, Queén Annes County. (U. Md., Ent. Dept.).

A PTEROMALID WASP (Hemadas nubilipennis) - PENNSYLVANIA - Adults emerged May 4
in Wayne County. Much twig damage in small blueberry planting. (Gesell).

ORNAMENTALS

WESTERN FLOWER THRIPS (Frankliniella occidentalis) - ARIZONA - Heavy damage to
rose blooms continues in metropolitan Phoenix area, Maricopa County. (Ariz. Coop.
Sur.).

FOREST AND SHADE TREES

SOUTHERN PINE BEETLE (Dendroctonus frontalis) - ALABAMA - Spotty, localized in
area of pines in and around southern and eastern borders of Auburn, Lee County.
Infestation recurring for 3 or more years. (Pearson et al.).

SPRUCE NEEDLE MINER (Taniva albolineana) - NORTH DAKOTA - Larvae damaged 44 per-
cent of spruce needles at Fillmore, Benson County. Controls applied. (McBride).

CHERMIDS - PENNSYLVANIA - First Adelges cooleyi (Cooley spruce gall aphid)
crawlers on Centre County fir May 6. (Gesell). WISCONSIN - A. cooleyi egg laying
about complete on Colorado blue spruce in Dane County. No hatch noted on spruce
or Douglas-fir. Hatch of Pineus strobi (pine bark aphid) began May 5 and Adelges
strobilobius May 6 in Dane County. (Wis. Ins. Sur.).

PINE NEEDLE SCALE (Phenacaspis pinifoliae) - WISCONSIN - Egg hatch one percent
in Rock County May 6. (Wis. Ins. Sur.):

A SPIDER MITE (Oligonychus subnudus) - CALIFORNIA - Heavy on Monterey pine
nursery stock at San Jose, Santa Clara County. (Cal. Coop. Rpt.).

EASTERN TENT CATERPILLAR (Malacosoma americanum) - MARYLAND - Heaviest in recent
years on wild cherry statewide. (U. Md., Ent. Dept.). PENNSYLVANIA - As many as
10-15 tents per 10-foot wild cherry tree in lower Susquehanna Valley. (Sleesman,
May 6). OHIO - Tents decreased north of U.S. Highway 40; rare north of U.S.
Highway 30. Tents on Montgomery County lilac bushes. (Lang).

- 349 -

FOREST TENT CATERPILLAR (Malacosoma disstria) - MICHIGAN - Hatch underway in
several areas in Antrim County. About 25-30 percent hatch by April 30. Some
feeding in buds. (Wallner, May 2). MINNESOTA - Began hatching in International
Falls April 30. Hatch 50+ percent by May 7 in several aspen forest locations
within 10 miles of International Falls. (Minn. Pest Rpt.).

MOURNING-CLOAK BUTTERFLY (Nymphalis antiopa) - NEW MEXICO - Feeding on poplars
and elms in Dona Ana and Chaves Counties, Some pupating. (Durkin, May 2).

ELM LEAF BEETLE (Pyrrhalta luteola) - NEVADA - Adults feeding on elm foliage in
Churchill, Humboldt, Lyon, Ormsby, and southern Washoe Counties. (Nev. Coop.
Rpt.). NEW MEXICO - Moderate damage to elms at Socorro, Socorro County.
(Heninger). ARKANSAS - Increasing statewide. (Boyer, Barnes). TENNESSEE - Adults
on elms statewide; locally heavy in central area. (Quillin).

SMALLER EUROPEAN ELM BARK BEETLE (Scolytus multistriatus) - MINNESOTA - Adult
emergence expected in 2 weeks. (Minn. Pest Rpt.

SAWFLIES - TENNESSEE - Caulocampus acericaulis (maple petiole borer) caused
moderate to heavy leaf fall from maples in central and eastern areas, (Jennings,
Bogard). WISCONSIN - Profenusa canadensi laying eggs May 9 at Madison, Dane
County. Eggs numerous on hawthorn, (Wis. Ins. Sur.).

A MEALYBUG (Phenacoccus dearnessi) - WISCONSIN - Males appearing May 5 in Dane
County. Egg Sacs on twigs May 9. (Wis. Ins. Sur.).

CICADAS (Magicicada spp.) - MARYLAND - First adult of season May 7 at Greenbelt,
Prince Georges County. (U. Md., Ent. Dept.).

MAN AND ANIMALS

SCREW-WORM (Cochliomyia hominivorax) - Total of 13 cases reported in U.S.

May 4-10 as follows: TEXAS - Atascosa 1, Brewster 1, Hays 1, Kerr 1, Medina 1,
McMullen 1, Presidio 1, Starr 2, Webb 1; ARIZONA - Cochise 2; NEW MEXICO -
Hidalgo 1. Total of 53 cases reported in portion of Barrier Zone in Republic of
Mexico April 27 to May 3 as follows: Sonora 18, Chihuahua 18, Coahuila 1,
Nuevo Leon 6, Tamaulipas 10, One case reported in Mexico south of Barrier Zone.
Barrier Zone is area where eradication operation underway to prevent establish-
ment of self-sustaining population in U.S. Sterile screw-worm flies released:
Texas 48,968,000; New Mexico 2,280,000; Arizona 8,872,000; Mexico 89,770,000.
(Anim, Health Div. ).

HORN FLY (Haematobia irritans) - SOUTH CAROLINA - Building up on beef animals in
Abbeville, Laurens, and Cherokee Counties. (Kissam, May 7). GEORGIA - Averaging
200+ per head on untreated beef cattle in Polk County. (Nolan, May 2). Heavy on
Spalding County cattle. (Dupree). MISSISSIPPI - Moderate to heavy, 200-300 per
head, on 50 beef cattle in Oktibbeha County. (Dinkins, May 2). TENNESSEE -
Appearing on cattle across State. (Johnson et al.). MISSOURI - Light, 20-120
(averaged 50) per head, in Howell County. (Peters). OKLAHOMA - Averaged 200 per
head on Major County cattle. Light to moderate in Cleveland and Garvin Counties,
(Okla. Coop. Sur.). ARIZONA - Heavy in untreated feedlots in Maricopa County.
(Ariz. Coop. Sur.).

FACE FLY (Musca autumnalis) - MARYLAND - First adults of season, 2-5 per head, on
' 20 beef cattle near Norbeck, Montgomery County, and 15 dairy cattle near
Darlington, Harford County. (U. Md., Ent. Dept.).

MOSQUITOES - NEVADA - Adults heavy in many areas. (Nev. Coop. Rpt.). UTAH -
Annoying at Farmington and Woods Cross, Davis County, and at St. George and
Washington fields, Washington County. (Knowlton, May 7). ALABAMA - Culex pipiens
quinquefasciatus built up rapidly. (Barwood et al.). WISCONSIN - Becoming

= S30) =

nuisance in northern three-quarters of State. (Wis. Ins. Sur.). MARYLAND - Aedes
cantator abundant in local areas along bay in Anne Arundel County. A. sollicitans
and A, canadensis active on Eastern Shore. (U. Md., Ent. Dept.).

BLACK FLIES - MARYLAND - Heavy near Mar-Lu Ridge, Frederick County, near Potomac
River. (U. Md., Ent. Dept.). NORTH DAKOTA - Simulium venustum adults emerged
along Sheyenne River in Cass County and annoying livestock. Up to 12 per ear on
horses, (Brandvik).

SHORT-NOSED CATTLE LOUSE (Haematopinus eurysternus) - OKLAHOMA - Principal
species on cattle checked at Stilwell, Adair County. (Okla. Coop. Sune)

AMERICAN DOG TICK (Dermacentor variabilis) - MARYLAND - Very abundant in wooded

area and as high as 6-10 per person at Greenbelt, Prince Georges County. (U. Md.,
Ent. Dept.). PENNSYLVANIA - First tick of season on man April 15 in Perry County.
(Sleesman). WISCONSIN - Becoming nuisance in some central areas. (Wis. Ins. Sur.).

LONE STAR TICK (Amblyomma americanum) - OKLAHOMA - Averaged 25 per 6-square-inch
area (foreleg, cod, and tailhead) on calves checked in Cherokee County. Activity
high in eastern recreation areas. (Okla. Coop. Sur.). GEORGIA - Increasing along
coastal recreational areas, (Snoddy, Nolan, May 3).

BROWN RECLUSE SPIDER (Loxosceles reclusa) - NEBRASKA - Bit man at Falls City,
Richardson County. Identification confirmed. (Aitken, May 2). One specimen taken
at Alma, Harlan County, for new county record. (Peterson, May 8). GEORGIA - Two
specimens in home in Henry County, (BeShear). This is new county record. (PPC).

HOUSEHOLDS AND STRUCTURES

SMOKY-BROWN COCKROACH (Periplaneta fuliginosa) - NORTH CAROLINA - Collected
February 27 and April 24, 1969, in dwellings at Raleigh, Wake County, by C.G.
Wright. Second and third records for county; first reported July 10, 1966.
(Weekman) .

A SUBTERRANEAN TERMITE (Reticulitermes tibialis) - CALIFORNIA - Winged forms
heavy in residence at Sacramento, Sacramento County. (Cal. Coop. Rpt.).

BENEFICIAL INSECTS

LADY BEETLES - ALABAMA - Many Hippodamia convergens (convergent lady beetle)
larvae and adults feeding on cotton aphids in southern and central areas. One
to 8 per 3 to 5-leaf cotton in large field in Henry County. (McQueen). OHIO -
Lady beetles common, especially in many northwestern alfalfa fields with 10 per
25 sweeps. (Richter). Coleomegilla maculata common on Berrien County grain,
(Ruppel, May 2). WYOMING - Lady beetle adults averaged 4 per 100 sweeps on
alfalfa in Washakie and Hot Springs Counties. (Parshall). NEW MEXICO - Lady
beetles averaged 5-15 adults per 25 sweeps on northern Eddy County alfalfa.
(Mathews).

DAMSEL BUGS (Nabis spp.) - ARIZONA - Averaging 50 per 100 sweeps of alfalfa in
Salt River Valley, Maricopa County. (Ariz. Coop. Sur.). WYOMING - Nabis sp.
adults averaged 3 per 100 sweeps of alfalfa in Washakie and Hot Springs Counties.
(Parshall). OHIO - Nabis sp. common statewide in almost every field. Many
northwestern fields had 4 adults per 25 sweeps. (Richter).

A MIRID BUG (Deraeocoris brevis) - WASHINGTON - This predator very low at
Wenatchee, Chelan County, indicating high adult winter mortality. (Burts, May 2).

AN ENCYRTID WASP (Trechnites insidiosis) - WASHINGTON - Slightly heavier than
normal, apparently due to good winter Survival at Wenatchee, Chelan County.
(Burts, May 2).

= Sjoyl

GREEN LACEWINGS (Chrysopa spp.) - WASHINGTON - Many adults coming to lights
April 23 at Okanogan, Okanogan County. (Rushmore). OHIO - C. oculata (golden-eye
lacewing) adults active in fields in south last period and in north this period.
(Richter).

A PHYTOSEIID MITE (Typhlodromus occidentalis) - WASHINGTON - Adults preying on
Panonychus ulmi (European red mite) larvae in unsprayed prune orchard April 24
at Wapato, Yakima County. First eggs observed April 29 in Tetranychus mcdanieli
infestation on apples in full bloom in Yakima, Yakima County. (Johnson) ,

FEDERAL AND Si.: TE PLANT PROTECTION PROGRAMS

CEREAL LEAF BEETLE (Oulema melanopus) - OHIO - Adults averaged 50 (maximum 150)
per 100 sweeps in 3 Tuscarawas County wheatfields, Averaged 1 egg per 6 row feet
in 4 Wayne County oatfields. (Treece). Adults 31 per 100 sweeps in few Morrow
County oatfields. (Reutter). Six pairs in six linear feet of oats in Huron
County. (Richter). MICHIGAN - Adults active past 10 days in wheat and moving into
available oats, Adult damage common in wheat and oats May 4 near Galien, Berrien
County. Adults ranged 2-14 (averaged 5) per row foot in oatfield. About 1 egg

per stem in one wheatfield. Few eggs in oats. (Ruppel).

A GRASS BUG (Labops sp.) - NEW MEXICO - About 4,000 acres of seeded wheatgrass
rangeland north of Cuba, Sandoval County, Santa Fe National Forest, treated.
Control after one day fair to good. (N.M. Coop. Rpt., May 2).

GRASSHOPPERS - NEVADA - Mostly Oedaleonotus enigma hatching at Orovada, Humboldt
County, and Reese River, Lander County. (Burnett). NEW MEXICO - Hatch beginning
in desert areas east of Albuquerque, Bernalillo County. (Hutcherson, May 2).
WYOMING - Ageneotettix deorum and Aulocara elliotti first instars 3-4 per square
yard northwest of Lingle, Goshen County, May 2. (Patch). Counts at Guernsey
study area, Platte County, May 2 averaged per 100 square feet: Cordillacris
occipitalis and Amphitornus coloradus first instars 1, Melanoplus confusus
second and third instars 1.5, Xanthippus corallipes fourth instars 0.5,
Psoloessa delicatula fifth instars and adults 9.5, Arphia conspersa adults 0.5,
and Eritettix Simplex tricarinatus adults 1.5. Eight P. delicatula and 1 A,
conspersa adults in 100-Square-foot sample May 3 at Glendo study area, Platte
County. (Pfadt).

GYPSY MOTH (Porthetria dispar) - NEW JERSEY - Larvae active May 1 at Jockey
Hollow, Morris County; heavy at Locust in Highlands, Monmouth County. (Ins.-Dis.
Newsltr.). PENNSYLVANIA - Hatch 50 percent April 30 in Berks and Schuylkill
Counties. (Jeffery).

MORMON CRICKET (Anabrus simplex) - NEVADA - First to third instars in Humboldt
Canyon and Rosebud Canyon at Seven Troughs area, Pershing County. (Burnett).

PINK BOLLWORM (Pectinophora gossypiella) - NEVADA - First male and female of
season in hexalure baited modified Frick traps May 7 in Moapa Valley, Clark
County. Soil samples from 41 acres on which cotton was grown last year in same
area yielded 12 larvae and 2 pupae; indicates overwintering population of 15,000
per acre. (Nev. Coop. Rpt.).

SPRUCE NEEDLE MINER (Taniva albolineana) - CALIFORNIA - Light on 2 blue spruce
trees at Sierraville, Sierra County. New infestation given eradication treatment.
Infestations in Modoc, Lassen, and Plumas Counties eradicated. (Cal. Coop. Rpt.).

- 352 -

HAWAII INSECT REPORT

General Vegetables - LEAF MINER FLIES (Liriomyza spp.) increasing cn green onions
at Koko Head, Waimanalo, Kahuku, and Waianae, Oahu. Medium in some fields. More
increase expected. SOUTHERN GREEN STINK BUG (Nezara viridula) nymphal and adult
buildup slight on snap and yard-long beans in farms at Waimanalo, Oahu. (Sato).
TOBACCO FLEA BEETLE (Epitrix hirtipennis) adults medium, damage heavy, in acre
of eggplants at Kaumakani, Kauai. Adults light, averaged 4 per leaf, damage
light on eggplants at Koko Head and Pearl City, Oahu. (Sugawa, Funasaki). BLACK
SLUG (Veronicella leydigi) and PINK-WINGED GRASSHOPPER (Atractomorpha sinensis)
heavily damaging 0.5 acre of Chinese cabbage at Papaikou, Hawaii Island. Slugs
3-4 per plant. DIAMONDBACK MOTH (Plutella xylostella) larvae and pupae heavy,
adults light, in 0.75 acre of head cabbage at Papaikou, Hawaii Island.
(Matayoshi). MELON FLY (Dacus cucurbitae) larvae in 20-30 percent of unsprayed
tomatoes in gardens at Hilo, Hawaii Island. (Yoshioka).

Fruits - All stages of a STINK BUG (Plautia stali) remain light on common guava
fruits at Waimanalo and Kaneohe, Oahu; medium to heavy on strawberry guava at
Koko Head, Adults light on ornamental pomegranate fruits at Kaneohe and Koko
Head. (Kawamura et al.).

Man and Animals - Collected 386 Aedes vexans nocturnus and 1,251 Culex pipiens
quinquefasciatus from 49 light traps on Oahu in April. Catches per trap ranged
from zero to highs of 285 for Aedes and 264 for Culex at Waiahole. (Mosq. Cont.
Br., Dept. of Health).

Structure - First significant FORMOSAN SUBTERRANEAN TERMITE (Coptotermes
formoSanus) swarm of year on Oahu, Large swarms at Honolulu, Kailua, Kaneohe,
Kahuku, Nanakuli, and many other areas. (Au).

Beneficial Insects - Adults of a SCIOMYZID FLY (Sepedon sauteri) light in small
taro planting at Kaumakani, Kauai, Becoming common on Kauai in taro areas and
other localities where freshwater snails abound, Introduced from Japan in 1966
to aid control of Lymnaea ollula (liverfluke snail). (Sugawa).

Miscellaneous Insects - VAGRANT GRASSHOPPER (Schistocerca vaga) female caught in
Polihua Beach area, Lanai, for a new island record, Previously found only on
Oahu, Kauai, and Molokai. (Kajiwara). A LONGHORN GRASSHOPPER (Euconocephalus
nasutus) loud and annoying at night in weeds at Ewa, Waipahu, and Waianae on
Oahu. Two males captured at Ewa; Several adults escaped at Waipahu. (Au, Otsuka).

LIGHT TRAP COLLECTIONS

FLORIDA - Gainesville, 5/6-7, BL - Armyworm (Pseudaletia unipuncta) 1, beet

armyworm (Spodoptera exigua) 2, black cutworm (Agrotis ipSilon) 3, cabbage
looper (TrichopluSia ni) 1, corn earworm (Heliothis zea) 2, granulate cutworm
(Feltia Subterranea) 19, yellow-striped armyworm (Prodenia ornithogalli) 1.
KANSAS - Walcott, 5/7, BL - Armyworm 3. MISSISSIPPI - Stoneville, 573-9, 2BL,

Armyworm 16, beet armyworm 3, black cutworm 12, corn earworm 14, granulate
cutworm 4, salt-marsh caterpillar (Estigmene acrea) 3, yellow-striped army-
worm 2. MISSOURI - Fair Grove, 5/1-7 — Armyworm 28, black cutworm 1, variegated
cutworm (Peridroma saucia) 5. Portageville 5/3-9 - Armyworm 4, European corn
borer (Ostrinia nubilalis) 1. TEXAS - Waco, 5/3-9, 66-79°F., precip. 2.62 -
Armyworm 4, black cutworm 2, corn earworm 18, granulate cutworm 8, variegated
cutworm 21, yellow-striped armyworm 12.

SURVEY METHODS

Selected References 1952
Part XVII

Additional.copies of Parts I through XVI of this bibliography are available from
Survey and Detection Operations.

POPULATION MEASUREMENT

ANDERSON, N. L. and WRIGHT, J. C. 1952. Grasshopper investigations on Montana
range lands. Mont. Agr. Expt. Sta. Bul. 486, 46 pp.
Includes survey method

KUITERT, L. C. and NUTTER, G. C. 1952. Chinch bug control and subsequent reno-
vation of St. Augustine grass lawns. Fla. Agr. Expt. Sta. Cir. S-50, 10 pp.
Includes survey methods

MILLER, L. W. and MARTYN, E. J. 1952. A sampling technique for underground
grass grubs. Austral. Inst. Agr. Sci. J. 18(2):110-111.
Oncopera intricata

STARK, R. W. 1952. Analysis of a population sampling method for the lodgepole
needle miner in Canadian Rocky Mountain parks. Canad. Ent. 84(10):316-321.
Coleotechnites
FORECASTING
PRATT, R. M. 1952. Forecasting citrus insect infestations. Fla. Grower 60(11):
ies
REARING

COCKAYNE, E. A. 1952. A hint for breeding young larvae. Ent. Rec. and J.
Variation 64(5):149-150.

FEARNEHOUGH, T. D. 1952. A note on rearing Hydriomena ruberata Freyer. Ent.
Rec. and J. Variation 64(3):88.

JAYEWICKREME, S. H. 1952. Methods of rearing the larvae of some anopheline
mosquitoes of Ceylon, with observations on their life history. Ceylon J. Sci.
Sect. B:Zool. 25(1):29-53.

JAYEWICKREME, S. H. and NILES, W. J. 1952. A technique for rearing Mansonioides
larvae in the laboratory. Ceylon J. Sci. Sect. B:Zool. 25(1):1-6.

KETTLEWELL, H. B. D. 1952. The breeding of Coscinia cribraria Linn. Ent. Rec.
and J. Variation 64(4):106-107.

MCLINTOCK;~J. 1952. Continuous laboratory rearing of Culiseta inornata (Will.)
(Diptera: Culicidae). Mosquito News 12(3):195-201.

SMITH, R. W. 1952. Another method of rearing grasshoppers (Orthoptera) in the
laboratory. Canad. Ent. 84(9):269-271.

TSAO, C. H. and RICHARDS, A. G, 1952. Studies on arthropod cuticle. IX.
Quantitative effects of diet, age, temperature and humidity on the cuticles of
five representative species of insects. Ent. Soc. Amer. Ann. 45(4):585-599.

= 353 -

- 354 -

EQUIPMENT AND TECHNIQUES

HUSBANDS, R. C. 1952. Some techniques used in the study of Aedes eggs in irri-
gated pastures in California. Mosquito News 12(3):145-150.

JONES, J. C, and SCHELTEMA, J. L. 1952. A small-animal restrainer for feeding
mosquitoes in small cages. Mosquito News 12(3):215.

LINDQUIST, O. H. 1952. A device for capturing adult insects in rearing con-
tainers and cages. Canad. Ent. 84(12):380-381.

MALTAIS, J. B. 1952. A simple apparatus for feeding aphids aseptically on
chemically defined diets. Canad. Ent. 84(9):291-294.

SAILER, R. I. 1952. A technique for rearing certain Hemiptera. U. S. Bur. Ent.
and Plant Quar. ET-303, 5 pp.

; TRAPS
BAKER, H, and HIENTON, T. E. 1952. Traps have some value. USDA Ybk. Agr. pp.
406-411.

BANKS, C. J. 1952. An analysis of captures of Hemerobiidae and Chrysopidae in
Suction traps at Rothamsted, July, 1949. Roy. Ent. Soc. London Proc. Ser. A
27(4/6) :45-53.

BELLAMY, R. E. and REEVES, W. C. 1952. A portable mosquito bait-trap. Mosquito
News 12(4):256-258.

FROST, S. W. 1952. Light traps for insect collection, survey and control. Pa.
Agr. Expt. Sta. Bul. 550, 32 pp.

JOHNSON, C. G. 1952. A new approach to the problems of the spread of aphids
and to insect trapping. Nature (London) 170(4317):147-148.

ROBINSON, H. S. 1952. The use of anaesthetics in funnel mercury-vapour insect
traps. Entomologist 85(1068):97-101.

YAGI, N, 1952. On fluorescent light trap. Jap. J. Plant Protect. 36. 6(6):263-
265. In Jap.

4303 USENLINATA122 030601 00Q1
US ENTOMOLOGY LIBRARY DEPT =
-NTOM NATIONAL MUSEUM

WASHINGTON DC 20560

nif,

SZ

VOL. 19 No. 21 May 23, 1969

) Cooperative

ECONOMIC INSECT
REPORT

EXNTHSO Ne
JUN 3.0 1969
CIBRARIES

‘PLANT PEST CONTROL DIVISION

AGRICULTURAL RESEARCH SERVICE
UNITED STATES DEPARTMENT OF AGRICULTURE

AGRICULTURAL RESEARCH SERVICE

PLANT PEST CONTROL DIVISION

SURVEY AND DETECTION OPERATIONS

The Cooperative Economic Insect Report is issued
weekly as a service to American Agriculture. Its contents
are compiled from information supplied by cooperating State,
Federal, and industrial entomologists and other agricultural
workers. In releasing this material the Division serves as
a clearing house and doesnot assume responsibility for ac-
curacy of the material.

All reports and inquiries pertaining to this release,
including the mailing list, should be sent to:

Survey and Detection Operations
Plant Pest Control Division
Agricultural Research Service
United States Department of Agriculture
Federal Center Building
Hyattsville, Maryland 20782

Volume 19 May 23, 1969 Number 21

COOPERATIVE ECONOMIC INSECT REPORT
HIGHLIGHTS

Current Conditions

ARMY CUTWORM adults appearing in Wyoming. Larvae infesting winter wheat in
Montana. (p. 357).

BROWN WHEAT MITE increased in some wheatfields in Colorado. (p. 359).

ALFALFA WEEVIL larvae causing damage on alfalfa in east-central Missouri. Tip
injury 15-60 percent in southern New Jersey. Adult activity declined but hatch
increasing in Indiana. Alfalfa in areas of eastern Ohio beginning to show
"frosting" from larval feeding. (p. 359).

SEED-CORN MAGGOT destroyed several plantings of cucumbers in New Jersey.
(p. 362).

HORN FLY increased on untreated cattle in Alabama. Heavy on cattle in some areas
of Mississippi, Oklahoma, and Missouri. Increased in southern Illinois. (p. 365).
Detection

@ An ASSASSIN BUG reported for the first time in Hawaii. Not known to occur in
the continental United States. (p. 368).

Other State records include a MIDGE and a EULOPHID WASP from Hawaii. (p. 368).

For new county records see page 368.

Some First Occurrences of Season

POTATO LEAFHOPPER adult in New York, SOUTHWESTERN CORN BORER adult in Alabama,
and CODLING MOTH adults in Washington and Oregon,

Reports in this issue are for the week ending May 16 unless otherwise indicated.

6}0)8)

- 356 -

CONTENTS
Special Insects! of Regional) (Sie ni FaCance ls cic sisi e is)! e/e! cllcleie) siollel/elisiielele\elevenstole ssl ouclolekelsnel SOM
Insects Affecting
Corn, Sorghum, Sugarcane. ccc ccieiciesOS GCUCWUED IES eyererelciieterete elevonelerelch hoteliers Oe
Smad IG rarknSicre cieveleleheieretexe| orelie shereervesetss OO General VegetableS.....cceceecees e302
Turf, Pastures, Rangeland..........309 Deciduous Fruits and Nuts........363
BOTAGe We ZUMES iaieis wevere lersi slelecci«) stelle sees DOO. CUCGUS ey sitevetensnarenercnelelercnelelelahel oharshorekenet OOS
COTTON. .ccccrccccsesons GOO DOO OO 6 Dekel SmadiPy Preuss oie) ieie ciejelencieiloleotetotereheree Om
TODA GC CO\«ieie sie vlielele'e ch sel oleic ele seis else) sls Ol Ornamentals cess. Lererelielere eiieiieisie 2+ 0 0 0 364
SUA DC] Sieneteiellelereneroeneie eislotesereleie ieee DOS Forest and Shade TreeS......2+20.304
Potatoes, Tomatoes, PepperS........362 Man (and -Andmads << ci. (ci .seiere eisiielolonereten OO)
COME! CLrOPSicsei</c)c1c 1010 e//eiere) 0 poleeisieleraclesiee Oe
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Federal and State Plant Protection: -ProeramsSysvena cnete oc clevenehetenenenctotererel over erenenene sicko eteroReTS OL
Hawalitis TInSe Cit) REPO LE: oye arsroveretell- forse elereiaiolercielel clade. «elieloledovonele\oolielonelereleteshelehet Rohan teats OS
ENS CC DS CSC OM\age oretoysiorovelsnct sh oveliorelto lense ie suchonetsirenepslevere ete slelsloAchiohouehepeitevoietetiens DO.00 000 0081s)
COVTECUVONS lene elenelolsieieleletel els HOO CUD UC OCOD OOO DOU DUUROCOdGC Cad docd00 000 0000000000808)

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WEATHER BUREAU'S 30-DAY OUTLOOK
MID-MAY TO MID-JUNE 1969

The Weather Bureau's 30-day outlook for mid-May to mid-June is for temperatures

to average below seasonal normals over the central third of the Nation. Above
normal averages are indicated over the Great Basin and Pacific Northwest, as well
as over the mid-Atlantic States, southern New England, and upper Ohio Valley.
Elsewhere near normal is in prospect. Precipitation is expected to exceed normal
over most of the Midwest and southern and central portions of the Great Plains and
Mississippi Valley. Subnormal totals are indicated over portions of the northern
Basin and northern Rockies, the far Southwest, and the mid-Atlantic States. In
unspecified areas near normal rainfall is expected.

Weather forecast given here is based on the official 30-day "Resume and Outlook"

published twice a month by the Weather Bureau. You can subscribe through the
Superintendent of Documents, Washington, D.C. 20250. Price $5.00 a year.

For Weather of the Week see page 369.

=O)

SPECIAL INSECTS OF REGIONAL SIGNIFICANCE

ARMY CUTWORM (Chorizagrotis auxiliaris) - MONTANA - Infested winter wheat on 7-10
thousand acres in Yellowstone County, 5-8 thousand acres in Carbon County, and on
spring and winter wheat and barley in smaller, isolated areas of Phillips,
Cascade, Toole, and Glacier Counties. (Pratt). IDAHO - Larvae averaged 4-8 per
square foot on crested wheatgrass, destroyed nearly 100 percent of 7,500 Bureau of
Land Management new seeding and 4,500 acres of 2-year-old seeding in winter camp
Butte and Pot Hole Creek and areas of Elmore County. (PPC, Apr. 14). Infesting
first flixweed and then crested wheatgrass in Pot Hole Creek area, Owyhee County,
May 1. (Pollard). WYOMING - Moths appearing at Torrington, Goshen County. Larvae
averaged 3 per crown in alfalfa near Burns, Laramie County. (Parshall).

ARMYWORM (Pseudaletia unipuncta) - ARKANSAS - Larvae ranged 10-20 per square foot

in 100 acres of rye in Lincoln County, treatment required. No general outbreak
expected. (Boyer, Barnes). MISSOURI - Flights not heavy. Larvae light to moderate,
up to 14 per square foot on lodged barley around Cape Girardeau. Remains low on
barley and other small grains in delta counties. Light in southeast area. Larval
counts in barley 14 per square foot, averaged less than 1 per square foot. (Munson).
DELAWARE - Adults very common in blacklight trap. (Burbutis).

ASTER LEAFHOPPER (Macrosteles fascifrons) - WISCONSIN - Few found week ending
May 9 in Kenosha and Waushara Counties, infestation in oats and rye in Sauk and
Crawford Counties. Migrating from rye to oats. (Wis. Ins. Sur.).

BEET LEAFHOPPER (Circulifer tenellus) - CALIFORNIA - Spring treatment of foothill
breeding grounds completed on May Il. Total of 27,193 acres treated. No significant
migration to crop areas yet; light concentrations in small patches in breeding
grounds. Mortality in treated areas excellent. (Cal. Coop. Rpt.). UTAH - Extremely
light, ranged 1 in 200-400 sweeps on wild mustard; no nymphs observed May 12; pale
forms ranged 5 in 150 sweeps May 14 in Curlew Valley area, Box Elder County.
(Knowlton).

CORN EARWORM (Heliothis zea) - DELAWARE - Adult collected in Sussex County black-
light trap May 8. This species may overwinter, at least in small numbers, in
State. (Burbutis).

CORN LEAF APHID (Rhopalosiphum maidis) - ALABAMA - Many, ranged 5-50 per plant
on corn in one field in Morgan County. (Rutledge).

GREENBUG (Schizaphis graminum) - MINNESOTA - Light from Iowa border to Minneapolis
and St. Paul. Ranged 0.5-1 per 100 sweeps on winter wheat and bluegrass, but

none on spring grains. (Minn. Pest Rpt.). NEBRASKA - Ranged O-1 per 20 sweeps in
4 wheatfields in Lancaster, Cass, Douglas, and Saunders Counties. (Keith). Four
caught in suction trap at Lincoln, Lancaster County. (Pruess). KANSAS - Increased
from 0-3 to 15-30 per 25 sweeps of wheat past 2 weeks in Marshall and Riley
Counties. Highest in poorer stands. (Simpson). TEXAS - Noted on grain sorghum in
Dallas and Denton area past 7 days. Light infestations in Wilbarger County; also
in areas of Rio Grande Valley. Heavy and widespread in Comal County. (Turney et
al., May 9). ARIZONA - Generally present in all sorghum fields in Salt River
Valley, Maricopa County. Many spraying, no kill in tightly curled growing tips.
Infested sorghum and field corn in Yuma County. (Ariz. Coop. Sur.).

POTATO LEAFHOPPER (Empoasca fabae) - NEW YORK - Single adult on flight trap in
Tompkins County May 5. (N.Y. Wkly. Rpt.).

POTATO PSYLLID (Paratrioza cockerelli) - WYOMING - Adults 2 per 100 sweeps on
Lycium sp. at Torrington, Goshen County. (Parshall).

- 358 -

SPOTTED ALFALFA APHID (Therioaphis maculata) - NEW MEXICO - Generally light,
ranged 10-30 per 25 Sweeps; 300 per 25 sweeps in one field of alfalfa at

Roswell, Chaves County. (Mathews). NEBRASKA - Ranged 1-6 per 20 sweeps in 6
alfalfa fields in Lancaster, Cass, Sarpy, Douglas, and Washington Counties.
(Keith). In 5 of 12 fields in Dawson County; highest 4 per 100 sweeps. (Manglitz).
MISSOURI - Light (less than 1 per sweep) in northwest and north-central areas.
(Thomas, Peters).

CORN, SORGHUM, SUGARCANE

BEET ARMYWORM (Spodoptera exigua) - ARIZONA - Second instars very light, damaged
new growth on Maricopa County sorghum. (Ariz. Coop. Sur.).

CORN FLEA BEETLE (Chaetocnema pulicaria) - NEW JERSEY - Still feeding on sweet
corn. Continued controls recommended. (Ins.-Dis. Newsltr.).

EUROPEAN CORN BORER (Ostrinia nubilalis) - NEW YORK - Pupation 10 percent on

May 7 in stalk pieces held out of doors over winter in Ulster County. (N.Y. Wkly.
Rpt.). DELAWARE - Adults averaged about 2 per night in Sussex County blacklight
trap collections. (Burbutis). ILLINOIS - Pupation 50 percent in southern areas,
beginning in central areas. (I1l. Ins. Rpt.). WISCONSIN - Pupating in sandy
soiled areas of central and southern areas. (Wis. Ins. Sur.). SOUTH DAKOTA -
Winter mortality survey May 4-12 average by county: Brookings 7.5, Lincoln 10,
Minnehaha 15, Moody 15. (Jones). IOWA - First pupae collected May 13 at Ankeny,
Polk County. (Iowa Ins. Sur.). MISSOURI - First egg masses on May 14 in southeast
area. Average of 163 borers on 22 farms in Carroll County spring survey. (Keaster).
Pupation 33 percent in north-central area, 90 percent in southeast. (Munson).

SEED-CORN MAGGOT (Hylemya platura) - NEW JERSEY - Caught. 825 on 4 sticky boards
May 7-13 at Cedarville. (Ins.-Dis. Newsltr.). CALIFORNIA - Heavy in seed corn in
Ojai, Ventura County. (Cal. Coop. Rpt.).

SOUTHWESTERN CORN BORER (Diatraea grandiosella) - ALABAMA - First moth observed
in Madison County. (Eich et al.).

YELLOW SUGARCANE APHID (Sipha flava) - TEXAS - Reported on grain sorghum in Wise,
Denton, and Dallas Counties. (Turney et al., May 9).

SMALL GRAINS

PALE WESTERN CUTWORM (Agrotis orthogonia) - SOUTH DAKOTA - Averaged 1 per sweep in
alfalfa in Lincoln, Turner, Hutchinson, Yankton, and Clay Counties. (Jones).
NEBRASKA - Activity continues in southwestern and panhandle areas. (Hendrix).
WYOMING - Ranged O-5 per linear foot in Laramie County wheatfields. (Parshall).

WHEAT HEAD ARMYWORM (Faronta diffusa) - KANSAS - Moths heavier than normal in
Barton County blacklight trap. (Simpson).

ENGLISH GRAIN APHID (Macrosiphum avenae) - WISCONSIN - High in rye, averaged about
600 per 100 sweeps in southwestern areas; central areas not as high in oats,
averaged 10 per 100 sweeps in southwest compared with 1 per 100 sweeps centrally.
(Wis. Ins. Sur.). MINNESOTA - Remains low, 1-7 per 100 sweeps, on small grain.
(Minn. Pest Rpt.). NEBRASKA - Ranged 0-6 per 20 sweeps in 4 wheatfields in
Lancaster, Cass, Douglas, and Saunders Counties. (Keith). KANSAS - Ranged 30-50
per 25 sweeps of Marshall and Riley County wheat. (Simpson). OKLAHOMA - Ranged
0-70 per head in wheat in Tulsa County. (Okla. Coop. Sur.). ARKANSAS - Noneconomic
in all fields surveyed. (Boyer, Barnes).

RICE STINK BUG (Oebalus pugnax) - ARKANSAS - Low numbers, 0-10 in 100 sweeps in
small grain in eastern areas. (Boyer, Barnes).

1 S}a he)

WHEAT STEM SAWFLY (Cephus cinctus) - NEVADA - Adults collected in meadow near
Genoa, Douglas County, for a new county record. (Bechtel, Heringer).

BROWN WHEAT MITE (Petrobia latens) - COLORADO - Increasing, ranged 100-200 per
square foot in some fields. Damage evident in scattered areas, controls required
on wheat in Weld County. (Johnson). WYOMING - Light on Laramie County wheat.
(Parshall).

TURF, PASTURES, RANGELAND

A WEEVIL (Mecinus pyraster) - MARYLAND - Adults swept from grass and weeds along
a field near Easton, Talbot County, by W.S. Fields May 5, 1965. Determined by R.E.
Warner. This is a new county record. (U. Md., Ent. Dept.).

MEADOW SPITTLEBUG (Philaenus spumarius) - WISCONSIN - Spittle masses ranged about
3 per 10 stems in southwest to 13 per 10 stems in some fields in central sands
area. (Wis. Ins. Sur.).

A PSYCHID MOTH (Apterona crenulella) - UTAH - Present but scarce in big sage-
brush and rabbitbrush in Curlew Valley area of Box Elder County. (Knowlton, May
)))

FORAGE LEGUMES

ALFALFA WEEVIL (Hypera postica) - NEW YORK - Larvae, 1-2 per 100 sweeps in
Columbia County. Eggs present in Tompkins and Niagara Counties. Adults 1 per
sweep in Genesee County, 0-10 per 100 sweeps in Ulster County. (N.Y. Wkly. Rpt.,
May 12). NEW JERSEY - Larvae 400-1,350 (averaged 966) per 100 sweeps in 3 fields
in southern counties. Tip injury 15-60 percent. (Ins.-Dis. Newsltr.). MARYLAND -
Injury generally below normal. No pupation noted in central and western sections.
Average of 38 per square foot in 7 central counties. Tip damage ranges from less
than 5 percent to 80 percent; most fields remain below 50 percent. (U. Md., Ent.
Dept.). OHIO - Generally alfalfa in Guernsey, Muskingum, and Coshocton Counties
in bad condition, in Carroll, Harrison, Muskingum, and Coshocton Counties
beginning to show "frosting" from larval feeding. Egg clusters averaged 1 or more
per 5 stems in east-central areas in unsprayed fields. In sprayed fields, larvae
and adults about as high, egg clusters rare. Adults ranged 10 to 15 per 25 sweeps
throughout northeastern areas generally. H. punctata (clover leaf weevil) larvae
mixed with H. postica larvae in about equal numbers in alfalfa. (Richter).
INDIANA - Light tip feeding on 0-10 percent of plants in northern districts; hatch
begun. Adult activity declined, hatch increasing, 10-60 percent of plants show
feeding in central areas. (Huber, Wilson). MICHIGAN - Counts per 200 sweeps by
county: Berrien 31, Kalamazoo 28, Calhoun 44, Muskegon 17, Kent 12, Ionia 31,
Clinton 14, Gratiot 3, Livingston 48. (Newman, May 12).

TENNESSEE - H. postica heavy in alfalfa in Davidson and Madison Counties. (Knight,
Butler). MISSOURI - Larvae very high and damage heavy in parts of east-central
area. Larvae 10 to 160 per sweep, destroyed most of foliage on a new fall seeding
at Weldon Spring, St. Charles County. Appeared lower this year than last at Mount
Vernon, Lawrence County; few fields required control. New county records in Ray,
Linn, Livingston, Grundy, Mercer,.and Sullivan Counties. (Munson). NEBRASKA -
Adults 0-24 (averaged 3.5) per 100 sweeps, larvae 0-7 (averaged 1.3) per 100 sweeps
in 12 Dawson County fields. (Manglitz). SOUTH DAKOTA - Adults averaged 2 per 100
sweeps in alfalfa west of Spearfish, Lawrence County. Adult distribution uneven.
(Jones et al.). WYOMING - Larvae 7-60 (averaged 33) per 100 sweeps in Goshen County
alfalfa. Adults per 100 sweeps averaged 2.5 in Laramie County and 34 in Goshen
County. (Parshall). COLORADO - Increasing in Weld, Larimer, and Boulder Counties.
Adults ranged 30-100 per 100 sweeps, larvae 0-20 per 100 sweeps. Larvae in Kersey
and Gilcrest areas of Weld County ranged 0-80 per 100 sweeps. (Johnson, Urano).
NEVADA - Most heavily infested fields averaged 20-25 larvae per sweep in Churchill
and southern Washoe Counties; damage evident. (Arnett et al.). Larvae averaged

= 3605 =

2-3 per sweep at Schurz, Mineral County, and none in Fish Lake Valley, Esmeralda
County. (Heringer). OREGON - Eggs in Benton County. (Every, May 9).

CLOVER LEAF WEEVIL (Hypera punctata) - WISCONSIN - Larvae (second instar to full
grown) ranged 15 per 50 Sweeps; some adults present. (Wis. Ins. Sur.).

CLOVER HEAD WEEVIL (Hypera meles) - MISSOURI - Adults collected for first time in
Cape Girardeau and Scott Counties. (Munson).

BEAN LEAF BEETLE (Cerotoma trifurcata) - NEBRASKA - Ranged 0-5 per 20 sweeps in 6
alfalfa fields in Lancaster, Cass, Sarpy, Douglas, and Washington Counties.
(Keith).

WEEVILS (Sitona spp.) - WISCONSIN - S. scissifrons most common in central areas
in all alfalfa fields. Ranged from 3 to 30 per 100 sweeps. (Wis. Ins. Sur.).
MINNESOTA - S. scissifrons ranged 20-300 per 100 sweeps in all alfalfa fields in
southeastern district. (Minn. Pest Rpt.). IOWA - S. cylindricollis (sweetclover
weevil) beginning to feed on sweetclover at Ames, Story County, May 14. (Iowa
Ins. Sur.).

VETCH BRUCHID (Bruchus brachialis) - OKLAHOMA - Heavy in vetch in Love County.
(Okla. Coop. Surv).

ALFALFA CATERPILLAR (Colias eurytheme) - WYOMING - Larvae averaged 2 per 100
sweeps in 2 alfalfa fields near Hawk Springs, Goshen County. (Parshall).

GREEN CLOVERWORM (Plathypena scabra) - OKLAHOMA - Light, ranged 1-5 per 10 sweeps
in alfalfa in northeast and north-central areas. (Okla. Coop. Sur.).

MEADOW SPITTLEBUG (Philaenus spumarius) - NEW YORK - First mass in Tompkins

County in alfalfa May 5. (N.Y. Wkly. Rpt.). MARYLAND - Heavy; spittle masses ranged
6-10 per square foot in 60 acres of alfalfa near Hancock, Washington County.
Statewide ranged light to moderate. (U. Md., Ent. Dept.). INDIANA - Nymphs

heaviest in southeast and northeast districts. Controls needed in many northeast
district fields where early nymphs infested 20-70 percent of stems. (Huber,
Wilson). MINNESOTA - Spittle masses common throughout southeastern district on
alfalfa. Counts low, below 0.5 percent per stem. (Minn. Pest Rpt.).

TARNISHED PLANT BUG (Lygus lineolaris) - NEW YORK - Adults in all net sweeps
Statewide. (N.Y. Wkly. Rpt., May 12). MINNESOTA - Adults 10-60 per 100 sweeps on
alfalfa in southeastern district. (Minn. Pest Rpt.). OKLAHOMA - Adults, ranged
1-14 per 10 sweeps in alfalfa in several northeast and east-central counties.
(Okla. Coop. Sur.).

LYGUS BUGS (Lygus spp.) - NEW MEXICO - Increasing, counts 5-16 per 25 sweeps on
alfalfa in Chaves County at Roswell. (Mathews). ARIZONA - Ranged 80-200 per 100
sweeps of alfalfa at Yuma, Yuma County. (Ariz. Coop. Sur.). WYOMING - Nymphs and
adults averaged 43 per 100 sweeps in Laramie and Goshen County alfalfa.
(Parshall).

PEA APHID (Acyrthosiphon pisum) - WISCONSIN - Infestations range from less than
1 to 6 per sweep in alfalfa in southwest and central area. Parasites plentiful and
predators common. Few alates. (Wis. Ins. Sur.). MINNESOTA - Ranged 5-300 per 100
sweeps on alfalfa in southeastern district. No alates. Predators, mainly damsel
bugs 0-10 per 100 sweeps. (Minn. Pest Rpt.). SOUTH DAKOTA - Average 1 per sweep
in alfalfa in Lincoln, Turner, Hutchinson, Yankton, and Clay Counties. (Jones).
NEBRASKA - Ranged 95-165 per 20 sweeps in 6 alfalfa fields in Lancaster, Cass,
Sarpy, Douglas, and Washington Counties. (Keith). Ranged 8-278 (averaged 100)

per 100 sweeps in 12 Dawson.County fields. (Manglitz). KANSAS - Numbers nearly
Similar to 2 weeks ago on northeastern and nortimcentral area alfalfa. (Simpson).
OKLAHOMA - Ranged 30-250 per 10 sweeps in alfalfa in Tulsa, Mayes, Ottawa,
Delaware, Adair, and Sequoyah Counties. Occasional parasitized aphids in most

=i Of

fields. Ranged 300-400 per square foot in Garvin County. (Okla. Coop. Sur.).
ARKANSAS - Active in roadside vetch and in alfalfa and white clover; noneconomic.
Expected to be active until hotter weather. (Boyer, Barnes). ALABAMA - Remains
heavy on Caley peas in Marengo and other blackbelt counties. Controls applied
where seed to be harvested. Heavy on Yucca clover on 1 farm in Autauga County.
(Miller et al.). UTAH - Light to moderate in alfalfa at Garland in Box Elder
County. (Knowlton, May 14). COLORADO - Remains light (50-250 per 100 sweeps) in
Weld, Larimer, and Boulder Counties. (Johnson). WYOMING - Light, ranged 5-300
per 100 sweeps in Laramie and Goshen Counties. (Parshall).

COTTON

BOLL WEEVIL (Anthonomus grandis) - ALABAMA - Live weevil counts (to establish
relative overwintered numbers) per acre by county: Covington 1 (50) weevil on 1
of 4 farms (Pike), Limestone 1 (13) weevil on 1 of 4 farms (Eich et al.), Autauga
1 (13) weevil on 1 of 5 farms. Movement to cotton begun throughout State, numbers
fewer than past 2 years. (McQueen). MISSISSIPPI - Collected 18 in 12 sex lure
traps, 123 weevils to date in delta counties. (Pfrimmer et al.). LOUISIANA - A
total of 131 weevils trapped from wing traps in Madison Parish. (Cleveland et al.).
TEXAS - Averaged 45 per acre and maximum of 438 weevils in 14 of 43 cotton fields
in McLennan and Falls Counties. Eleven collected on flight screens, total to date
63. Collected 52 weevils in 21 wing traps at hibernation sites in McLennan County,
total to date 982. (Cowan et al.).

BOLLWORMS (Heliothis spp.) - ALABAMA - Few small larvae on young cotton throughout
State. Eggs I per 100 plants in field in Autauga County. One H. zea moth collected
in Madison County. (Magnusson et al.). MISSISSIPPI - Collected 128 in 45 sex lure
traps, to date 307. (Pfrimmer et al.). TEXAS - Total to date on all host plants,
164 H. zea and 2 H. virescens in McLennan and Falls Counties. Two larvae taken on
cotton identified H. virescens. First moth, H. virescens female, emerged from a
hibernation cage. (Cowan et al.). zi

COTTON APHID (Aphis gossypii) - TEXAS - Light in 2 of 5 treated fields, none in
3. In 37 untreated fields in McLennan and Falls Counties, light in 22, medium in
14, none in 1. (Cowan et al.). ALABAMA - Present in untreated fields. One field
ranged 10-50 per plant in Colbert County. (Eich et al.).

TARNISHED PLANT BUG (Lygus lineolaris) - MISSISSIPPI - Collected 52 in 2 sex

lure traps, 90 to date in delta counties. (Pfrimmer et al.). ALABAMA - Adults and
nymphs on all legumes along field borders and roadsides in all 7 counties

visited in central and northern areas. Migrated to older field of cotton in
Autauga County, ranged one per 6 stalks along field border. (McQueen).

STRAWBERRY SPIDER MITE (Tetranychus turkestani) - ARIZONA - Averaged 2 per leaf
in Parker Valley area; heavy on cotton next to alfalfa in Yuma Valley, Yuma
Countty,, (Ariz. Coop’. Sur.)).

THRIPS (Frankliniella spp.) - ARIZONA - F. occidentalis (western flower thrips)
light to moderate in Maricopa, Pinal, Yuma, and Graham Counties. (Ariz. Coop.
Sur.). TEXAS - Unspecified species light in 26 of 37 untreated cotton fields,
none in 5 treated and 11 untreated fields in McLennan and Falls Counties. (Cowan
et al.). ALABAMA - F. fusca (tobacco thrips) increasing in untreated cotton
throughout State. Nymphs on buds. (Pike et al.).

TOBACCO

TOBACCO FLEA BEETLE (Epitrix hirtipennis) - MARYLAND - Adults light to moderate
in tobacco beds in Charles and Prince Georges Counties. (U. Md., Ent. Dept.).

SPRINGTAILS - MARYLAND - Unusually high numbers in tobacco beds started under
plastic in Charles County. (U. Md., Ent. Dept.).

- 362 -

SUGARBEETS

WESTERN BLACK FLEA BEETLE (Phyllotreta pusilla) - IDAHO - Heavy and damaging sugar-
beets in Pasadena Basin, near Glenns Ferry, Elmore County, May 1. (Homan).

A FLEA BEETLE (Epitrix sp.) - COLORADO - Adults damaging sugarbeets in Weld and
Boulder Counties. Feeding apparent in 10-70 percent of plants. (Johnson).

ANTHOMYIID FLIES (Pegomya spp.) - IDAHO - P. hyoscyami (spinach leaf miner)
averaged 5 eggs per Sugarbeet plant in Caldwell, Canyon County, found May 13.
(Homan). COLORADO - P. betae (beet leaf miner) eggs in all sugarbeet fields
checked in Weld and Boulder Counties. (Johnson).

SUGAR-BEET ROOT MAGGOT (Tetanops myopaeformis) - COLORADO - Adults ranged 0-4
per square yard in sugarbeet fields in Weld and Boulder Counties. (Johnson).

GREEN PEACH APHID (Myzus persicae) - IDAHO - Winged adults on sugarbeets for
first of season near Marsing, Owyhee County, May 13. (Homan).

POTATOES, TOMATOES, PEPPERS

COLORADO POTATO BEETLE (Leptinotarsa decemlineata) - IDAHO - Adults requiring
treatment to protect emerging potato plants near Parma, Canyon County, May 9.
(Waters). OKLAHOMA - Adults, eggs, and small larvae present on home garden
potatoes in Mayes County. Damage light but increasing. (Okla. Coop. Sur.).
SWEETPOTATO FLEA BEETLE (Chaetocnema confinis) - ALABAMA - Adults remain low to
moderate on tomatoes in several hundred acres on Chandler Mountain in St. Clair
County. Controls applied. (Leeper et al.).

TOMATO FRUITWORM (Heliothis zea) - ARIZONA - Treatments of tomatoes necessary at
Yuma, Yuma County. (Ariz. Coop. Sur.).

COLE CROPS

DIAMONDBACK MOTH (Plutella xylostella) - NEW MEXICO - Larvae moderately heavy on
cabbage at Mesquite, Dona Ana County. (Durkin).

CUCURBITS

SEED-CORN MAGGOT (Hylemya platura) - NEW JERSEY - Destroyed several plantings of
cucumbers in Cumberland County. (Ins.-Dis. Newsltr.).

GENERAL VEGETABLES

BLACK CUTWORM (Agrotis ipsilon) - DELAWARE - Adults averaging over 4 per night in
Sussex County light trap collections. (Burbutis).

ONION THRIPS (Thrips tabaci) - COLORADO - Ranged 4-10 per plant on onions in
Boulder County. (Johnson).

- 363 -

DECIDUOUS FRUITS AND NUTS

CODLING MOTH (Carpocapsa pomonella) - WASHINGTON - First adults in sex traps

May 4. (Buena). Total of 29 week ending May 5, eight days later than 1968. First
adults May 6 in Upper Yakima Valley, Yakima County, also 8 days later (6 days
after full bloom on Red Delicious). (Johnson et al.). Moth in Sex trap May 5 at
Wenatchee, Chelan County. (Rushmore). OREGON - First adults in Hood River County
May 8; heavy flights May 10-11. (Piefer). Adults noted May 7 at Milton-Freewater,
Umatilla County. (Burkhart).

TORTRICID MOTHS - CONNECTICUT - Archips argyrospilus (fruit-tree leaf roller)
larvae common on apples through most of State. (Kollas, May 13). OREGON -
Choristoneura roSaceana (oblique-banded leaf roller) tied and rolled leaves on
apple and cherry treeS in Multnomah and Clackamas Counties. (Larson).

PEACH TWIG BORER (Anarsia lineatella) - OREGON - Flagging evident on Jackson
County peach. (Berry, Westcott, May 9).

PECAN NUT CASEBEARER (Acrobasis caryae) - TEXAS - Moths emerged in Bastrop and
Washington Counties. (Green).

PEAR PSYLLA (Psylla pyricola) - WASHINGTON - First summer generation adults on
pear May 6 at Yakima, Yakima County. (Johnson). CONNECTICUT - Nymphs developing
rapidly on pears; new eggs on leaves. (Kollas, May 13).

APHIDS - OREGON - Myzus persicae (green peach aphid) heavy in peach orchard in

The Dalles, Wasco County; stem mothers reproducing. (Zwick, May 9). NEW JERSEY -

M. persicae beginning to curl peach leaves in scattered orchards in southern
counties; beginning to build up on peach leaves in central and southern counties.
Alates will soon migrate to alternate hosts. (Ins.-Dis. Newsltr.). CONNECTICUT -
Aphis pomi (apple aphid) apparently increasing rapidly on apples in some areas;
DySaphis plantaginea (rosy apple aphid) lighter than apple aphid. (Kollas, May 13).

EUROPEAN RED MITE (Panonychus ulmi) - OREGON - Egg laying begun in Hood River,
Hood River County. (Zwick, May 9). WASHINGTON - Few summer eggs on apples at
petal fall May 1 in Zillah, Yakima County. (Johnson). CONNECTICUT - First
generation laid eggs on apples. (Kollas, May 13).

PEAR LEAF BLISTER MITE (Eriophyes pyri) - WASHINGTON - New infestations on
terminal leaves of unsprayed Bartlett pears May 5 at Yakima, Yakima County.
(Johnson).

BROWN GARDEN SNAIL (Helix aspersa) - CALIFORNIA - Heavy on peach trees at
Gridley, Butte County. (Cal. Coop. Rpt.).

CITRUS

ARMORED SCALES - FLORIDA - All stages of Unaspis citri scattered and few to
moderate May 6 on 1,000 of 50,000 plants of Carrizzo citrange seedlings,
Poncirus trifoliata x Citrus sinensis, at Clermont and May 9 on stems of Citrus
Sp. at fruit packing company at Ferndale, Lake County. (Henderson). CALIFORNIA -
Aonidiella citrina (yellow scale) heavy on grapefruit trees at Porterville,

Tulare County. (Cal. Coop. Rpt.).

BLACK CITRUS APHID (Toxoptera aurantii) - CALIFORNIA - Medium at Santa Barbara,
Santa Barbara County. (Cal. Coop. Rpt).

THRIPS - CALIFORNIA - Scirtothrips citri (citrus thrips) and Frankliniella
occidentalis (western flower thrips) medium at Seeley, Imperial County. (Cal.
Coop. Rpt.).

- 364 -

BROWN GARDEN SNAIL (Helix aspersa) - CALIFORNIA - Heavy at Gridley, Butte County.
(Cals Coops Rpteoy

SMALL FRUITS

WESTERN GRAPE LEAF SKELETONIZER (Harrisina brillians) - ARIZONA - Adults
numerous at northwestern Phoenix, Maricopa County. (Ariz. Coop. Sur.).

BLACK-HEADED FIREWORM (Rhopobota naevana) - NEW JERSEY - Readily found,
especially on higher edges of early drawn cranberry bogs where new upright
growth approaching predangle stage. (Ins.-Dis. Newsltr.).

PLUM CURCULIO (Conotrachelus nenuphar) - NEW JERSEY - First eggs on southern
area blueberries May . (ins.-Dis. Newsltr.).

ORNAMENTALS

SAWFLIES - WISCONSIN - Profenusa canadensis adults numerous about hawthorns

May 9 at Madison, Dane County; mating and laying eggs, as many as 7 eggs in some
leaves. Hatch began May 12. (Wis. Ins. Sur.). DELAWARE - Endelomyia aethiops
(rose-slug) starting to feed on New Castle County roses. (Burbutis).

ARMORED SCALES - FLORIDA - Phenacaspis cockerelli adults infested number of

3,000 plants of toog, Bischofia javanica, in nursery at Ft. Lauderdale,

Broward County. (Clinton, May 6). Adults on 2 of 200 plants of bird-of-paradise

in nursery at Winter Haven, Polk County. (Schmidt, McHenry). NEVADA - Lepidosaphes
ulmi (oystershell scale) heavy on lilac at Elko, Elko County. (Peters). IDAHO -

DiaSpis carueli (juniper scale) severe on ornamental junipers May 9 at Twin
Falls, Twin Falls County. (Youtz).

TWO-SPOTTED SPIDER MITE (Tetranychus urticae) - FLORIDA - All stages general
and moderate to severe on all 125 plants and all 600 rose plants in 2 nurseries
at Tampa, Hillsborough County. (Hale, May 9).

FOREST AND SHADE TREES

DOUGLAS-FIR BEETLE (Dendroctonus pseudotsugae) - IDAHO - Beginning to emerge and
infest green logs near Emida (Palouse River Divide), Benewah County. Beginning
to construct egg galleries May 7. (Furniss).

AN ENGRAVER BEETLE (Ips calligraphus) - OHIO - Moderate on white pine on Pike
State Forest in Pike County May 2. (Barker).

EUROPEAN PINE SHOOT MOTH (Rhyacionia buoliana) - OREGON - Annual spring survey
in nursery and residential plantings in Willamette Valley about three-fourths
completed. Infested 5 mugho pines so far at residence in Portland, Multnomah
County. Trees from out of State late in 1968. Infested pines destroyed. (Larson).

SPRUCE NEEDLE MINER (Taniva albolineana) - OHIO - Pupation about 50 percent
complete at Painesville, Lake County, May 14. (Walker).

PINE TUSSOCK MOTH (Dasychira plagiata) - WISCONSIN - Larvae first emerged
April 21 at Wascott, Douglas County. Overwintering larval survival low. (Wis.
Ins. SUGE)) i

I Pio}is)

CHERMIDS - OHIO - Some nymphs of Adelges abietis (eastern Spruce gall aphid)

appearing; galls forming in Wayne County May I[2. A. cooleyi (Cooley spruce gall
aphid) just hatching on Douglas-fir in Wayne County May 12. (Campbell). A.

strobilobius heavy on larch May 14 at Wooster, Wayne County. (Nault). WISCONSIN -
K. cooleyi hatch begun on blue spruce and Douglas-fir in Dane County. A.
Strobilobius and Pineus strobi (pine bark aphid) hatch begun; flocculence
forming. (Wis. Ins. Sur.)

PINE SPITTLEBUG (Aphrophora parellela) - ALABAMA - Nymphs 1-10 on pines on lawn
and roadside planting in Morgan, Madison, Limestone, Jefferson, Barbour, Henry,
and other isolated areas. (Eich et al.).

EUROPEAN PINE SAWFLY (Neodiprion sertifer) - OHIO - Larvae on Scotch pine in
Stark, Mahoning, and Columbiana Counties (Ball) and on red pine in Hamilton
County (Wells) and Clark County. (Richter).

ELM LEAF BEETLE (Pyrrhalta luteola) - ALABAMA - Light first emergence on elm
leaves in Lee and Tallapoosa Counties. (McQueen). MISSOURI - Eggs on American
and Chinese elms in southern and central areas. (Munson). KANSAS - Overwintered
adults beginning to feed; no eggs yet. (Thompson). NEVADA - Adults and larvae
at Henderson, Clark County. (Zoller). IDAHO - First eggs of season May 6 at
Parma, Canyon County. (Scott).

SPRING CANKERWORM (Paleacrita vernata) - NEBRASKA - Larvae active on elms at
Lincoln, Lancaster County; defoliation very light, less than 1 percent. (Keith).
MINNESOTA - Larvae about 0.5 inch long or more in central area; populations
widely scattered. (Minn. Pest Rpt.). WISCONSIN - Larvae 0.25 inch long;
defoliation noticeable on elms at Mazomanie, Dane County. Appears lower than in
past few years. (Wis. Ins. Sur.).

MAPLE PETIOLE BORER (Caulocampus acericaulis) - TENNESSEE - Very heavy on hard
maple shade trees in central and eaStern areas. (Quillin).

BROWN GARDEN SNAIL (Helix aspersa) - FLORIDA - Adults localized and few on number
of 200 plants of Grevillea Spp. and Surinam-cherry in nursery at Davie, Broward
County. (Shirah, May 8).

MAN AND ANIMALS

SCREW-WORM (Cochliomyia hominivorax) - Total of 15 cases reported in U.S.
May 11-17 as follows: TEXAS - AtaScosa 1, Bee 1, Dimmit 1, Gillespie 1,
Guadalupe 1, Hidalgo 2, Kimble 1, Live Oak 3, Pecos 2, Real 1; ARIZONA -
Pima 1. Total of 263 cases reported in portion of Barrier Zone in Republic of
Mexico May 4-10 as follows: Baja California 1, Territorio sur de Baja
California 2, Sonora 149, Chihuahua 44, Coahuila 6, Nuevo Leon 20,
Tamaulipas 41. Total of 17 cases reported in Mexico south of Barrier Zone.
Barrier Zone is area where eradication operation underway to prevent estab-
lishment of self-sustaining population in U.S. Sterile screw-worm flies
released: Texas 66,718,000; New Mexico 2,440,000; Arizona 9,080,000; Mexico
80,370,000. (Anim. Health Div.).

HORN FLY (Haematobia irritans) - ALABAMA - Increased on untreated cattle herds
in Wilcox and Bibb Counties and other areas. (Farquhar et al.). MISSISSIPPI -
About 200 per head on 75 beef cattle in Yazoo County. (Dinkins). OKLAHOMA - Up
to 600 per head on cattie in Cherokee County and 300-500 per head in Payne
County. Averaged 50 per head on steers and 150 on a bull in Tulsa County. Heavy
in Cotton County and moderate in Cleveland County. (Okla. Coop. Sur.). MISSOURI -
Ranged 50-200 (averaged 80) per head in northwestern area. (Peters). ILLINOIS -
Increased past week in southernmost counties, averaged 115 per head. (111. Ins.
Rpt.). IOWA - Building up on farm in Story County; 10 per head on pastured beef
cattle in one location. (Iowa Ins. Sur.). NEBRASKA - Flies 1-5, 5-15, and 5-15
per head in 3 out of 4 feedlots in Lancaster County. (Campbell).

— 366 -—

WYOMING - H. irritans ranged 0-80 (averaged 20) per herd on 2 Goshen County herds.
(Parshall).

FACE FLY (Musca autumnalis) - MISSOURI - Up to 3 per head in northwestern area.
(Munson). WASHINGTON - Few adults in pastures near Pullman, Whitman County.
(Telford, May 9).

STABLE FLY (Stomoxys calcitrans) - WASHINGTON - Low; occasional adult collected
since April 27 at Pullman, Whitman County. (Telford). NEBRASKA - Few flies in
resting areas around Lancaster County feedlots; little activity. (Campbell).

COMMON CATTLE GRUB (Hypoderma lineatum) - OKLAHOMA - Adults light in Noble County.
(Okla. Coop. Sur.).

MOSQUITOES - MINNESOTA - Controls applied to 18,715 acres of breeding sites
through May 15 in Metropolitan Mosquito Control District. Brood size moderate
past 2 weeks. Virtually all single-brooded spring Aedes have emerged as adults.
Multiple-brooded summer Aedes such as vexans ranged Second to fourth instar.

A. dorsalis dominant in one field collection. Pond and pothole levels shrinking
due to no rains past 2 weeks. Many A. vexans egg beds dry; heavy rainfall will
result in heavy hatches. (Minn. Pest Rpt.).

HARD-BACKED TICKS - DELAWARE - Dermacentor variabilis (American dog tick) very
abundant and annoying last 3-4 weeks. (Burbutis). WISCONSIN - D. variabilis
becoming more noticeable in several northern and central counties. (Wis. Ins.
Sur.). OKLAHOMA - Mostly Amblyomma americanum (lone star tick) adults averaged
15 per 6 square inches on Cherokee County cattle; heavy on Mayes County cattle.
(Okla. Coop. Sur.).

EAR TICK (Otobius megnini) - WYOMING - Up to 30 per ear in cattle herd north of
Torrington, GoShen County. (Morel).

BROWN RECLUSE SPIDER (Loxosceles reclusa) - ILLINOIS - Found in newspaper office
at Pittsfield, Pike County, for a new county record. (Ill. Ins. Rpt.).

BENEFICIAL INSECTS

LADY BEETLES - WYOMING - Adults averaged 10 per 100 sweeps on Laramie and Goshen
County alfalfa. (Parshall). MISSISSIPPI - Scymnus spp. about 1 per 20 plants on
10 acres of Yazoo County cotton. (Dinkins).

GREEN LACEWINGS (Chrysopa spp.) - MISSISSIPPI - About 1 larvae per 20 plants on
30 acres of l-leaf cotton in Yazoo County. (Dinkins).

A DAMSEL BUG (Nabis sp.) - WYOMING - Adults averaged 5 per 100 sweeps on Laramie
and Goshen County alfalfa. (Parshall).

AN ICHNEUMON WASP (Bathyplectes curculionis) - ILLINOIS - Percent parasitism
increased from 10 in April to 23 first week of May. Up to 95 percent parasitism
week of May 5 in few alfalfa fields in east-southeast district. (Ill. Ins. Rpt-)s

A BRACONID (Dendrosoter protuberans) - MINNESOTA - About 20,000 imported from
France for release this Spring to parasitize larvae of bark beetles which spread
Dutch elm disease. (Minn. Pest Rpt.).

A PHYTOSEIID MITE (Typhlodromus sp.) - IDAHO - Controlled Tetranychus mcdanieli
on Canyon and Payette County apple trees if sprays did not penetrate into crowns.
(Homan, May 4). OREGON - Egg laying begun at Hood River, Hood River County.
(Zwick, May 9).

- 367 -

FEDERAL AND STATE PLANT PROTECTION PROGRAMS

CEREAL LEAF BEETLE (Oulema melanopus) - OHIO - First hatch of season May 12 in
Wayne County. Eggs about 30 per linear yard on oats in Tuscarawas and Licking
Counties. (Treece et al.). Egg deposition should peak next 5-14 days. (Richter).
INDIANA - On borders of La Porte and St. Joseph Counties, eggs per linear foot
on oats averaged 25-30 north of State Highway 2 and 3-4 in area near State High-
way 4. Hatch just begun. Generally heavier in southern and eastern peripheral
areas than in past years. Controls may be required in larger area of north-
central and northeastern sections. (Shade, Wilson).

COMSTOCK MEALYBUG (Pseudococcus comstocki) - CALIFORNIA - Locally heavy on
mulberry trees at Porterville, Tulare County. (Cal. Coop. Rpt.).

CUBAN MAY BEETLE (Phyllophaga bruneri) - FLORIDA - Adults scattered and few on 1
of 20 trees of Florida trema, Trema micrantha, at Miami, Dade County. (Simpson,
Dillon, May 9). This extends area where it has been collected. (Fla. Coop. Sur.).

GRASS BUGS (Labops spp.) - WYOMING - Two severe infestations of L. hesperius
discolored edges of wheat strips bordering crested wheatgrass in GoShen County.
Controls stopped damage. (Spackman, Skelton). MONTANA - L. hesperius on Fallon
County crested wheatgrass and on Pondera County wheat. (Pratt). IDAHO - Labops
spp. adults and 10 percent nymphs damaged crested wheatgrass May 4 near Mayfield,
Elmore County. (Lambley, Scoggan). WASHINGTON - Many L. heSperius nymphs and
some adults heavily damaged 2 wheatgrass seedings on rangeland at southern and
southwestern Toppenish, Yakima Indian Reservation. Averaged 100 per 180-degree
Sweep. About 10 percent adults May 6. (Jackson, Nonini).

GRASSHOPPERS - ARIZONA - Melanoplus differentialis lightly damaged young sorghum
in few fields in Salt River Valley, Maricopa County. (Ariz. Coop. Sur.). NEVADA -
Mainly Oedaleonotus enigma hatch north of Elko, Elko County, and in Pumpernickel
Valley, Humboldt County. (Burnett, Dann). UTAH - Nymphs remain very light on
Curlew Valley rangelands, few Trimerotropis sp. present. Nymphs 1 per 25-50 sweeps
on range and pasture at Cornish, Cache County. (Knowlton, May 12.). IDAHO -
Aulocara elliotti and O. enigma first to third instars at lower elevations (about
3,000 feet) and Southern exposures. Psoloessa delicatula and Xanthippus corallipes
adults less than 1 to about 4 per square yard May 4 at Mountain Home, Elmore
County. (Lambley, Scoggan). WYOMING - Averages per 100 square feet in 2 study
areas of Platte County. At Glendo May 9: Eritettix simplex tricarinatus fifth

instars 0.5, P. delicatula adults 8, and Arphia conspersa adults 0.5. At Guernsey
May 10: First instars of A. elliotti 1, Cordillacris occipitalis 2, Ageneotettix
deorum 0.5, Amphitornus coloradus 0.5, and M. occidentalis 0.5; M. confusus Second

and third instars 1; P. delicatula fifth instars and adults 7.5; adults of E.
simplex tricarinatus 1.5, A. conspersa 0.5, and x. corallipes 1. (Pfadt). ~

MORMON CRICKET (Anabrus simplex) - NEVADA - First to fourth instars in Davis
Canyon area, Diamond Mountains, Eureka County. (Burnett, Dann).

WOOLLY WHITEFLY (Aleurothrixus floccosus) - CALIFORNIA - Nearly 800 infested
blocks confirmed at San Diego, San Diego County. Total of 775 blocks treated;
some for second time. (Cal. Coop. Rpt.).

= {368 —

HAWAII INSECT REPORT

New State Records - AN ASSASSIN BUG (Oncocephalus pacificus Kirkaldy) adult
caught at Waikiki, Honolulu, Oahu, September 1968; Second adult caught at

Wahiawa October 1968, No captures Since. Reported from Guam and other Pacific
islands. Determined by W. Gagne. (Drake). Not known to occur in the continental
United States. (PPC). A MIDGE (Goeldichironomus holoprasinus) first noted by J.W.
Beardsley in light trap on University of Hawaii campus at Honolulu, Oahu, March
1969. Breeding abundantly in aquatic situations. Common at Honolulu; has been
reared from fishponds on windward Oahu. First described from Brazil; recorded
from southern and western United States. Determined by W.W. Wirth. (Hardy).
Fourteen adults of a EULOPHID WASP (Tetrastichus chrysopae) reared from cocoon of
Chrysopa lanata (a green lacewing) collected April 13, 1969, on Bishop Museum
grounds, Honolulu, Oahu. Determined by J.W. Beardsley. (Drake).

Turf and Pasture — A GRASS WEBWORM (Herpetogramma licarsisalis) remains generally
Tow on all major islands. Damage negligible in pastures and lawns on Kauai, Oahu,
and Hawaii Island. Adults trace in light traps throughout Oahu. Damage very light
in pastures at Kipahulu, Hana, Haiku, and Waihee on Maui. (Yoshioka et al.).

General Vegetables - TUMID SPIDER MITE (Tetranychus tumidus) heavy to severe in
1.5 acres of Sweetpotatoes at Waiahole, Oahu; foliar damage conspicuous. (Sato).
TOMATO RUSSET MITE (Aculops lycopersici) severely damaged 0.25 acre of tomatoes
at Kaumakani, Kauai; many plants dying. (Sugawa).

Forest and Shade Trees - A CONIFER APHID (Cinara carolina) remains light in 25
acres of Monterey pine at Kula Forest Reserve On Maui. (Miyahira). FULLER ROSE
WEEVIL (Pantomorus cervinus) adults heavily damaging foliage of young Eucalyptus
sp. trees in South Kohala on Hawaii. (Kobayashi, KaShiwamura).

Beneficial Insects - Thousands of larvae of a LADY BEETLE (Cryptolaemus
montrouzieri) On Several monkeypod trees, light on about 175, along Kapiolani
Boulevard between Atkinson Drive and Ward Street at Honolulu, Oahu. Larvae
descending branches to pupate under bark. Probably Planococcus citri (citrus
mealybug) noticeable on terminal foliage. (Davis). A SCARAB (Canthon humectus)
adults heavy, averaged 15 per pad, in pastures at Halepiula, North Kona on Hawaii
Island. Introduced to inhibit Haematobia irritans (horn fly) breeding. (Kobayashi,
Kashiwamura).

Miscellaneous Insects - VAGRANT GRASSHOPPER (Schistocerca vaga) adults heavy in
kiawe thickets and grassy coverage on northwestern Lanai, from sea level to about
800 feet. One adult caught 10 miles away in pineapple area near airport.
(Sakimura).

INSECT DETECTION

New State Records - AN ASSASSIN BUG (Oncocephalus pacificus Kirkaldy) - Hawaii -
Two Specimens collected on Oahu 1968. Determined by W. Gagne. It does not occur
in the continental United States. (p. 368). A MIDGE (Goeldichironomus holoprasinus)

and a EULOPHID WASP (Tetrastichus chrysopae) Oahu Island, Hawaii (p. 368).

New County Records - WHEAT STEM SAWFLY (Cephus cinctus) Douglas County, Nevada;

a WEEVIL (Mecinus pyraster) Talbot County, Maryland; ALFALFA WEEVIL (Hypera
postica) Grundy, Linn, Livingston, Mercer, Ray, and Sullivan Counties, Missouri.
(p. 359). CLOVER HEAD WEEVIL (Hypera meles) Cape Girardeau and Scott Counties,
Missouri (p. 360). BROWN RECLUSE SPIDER (Loxosceles reclusa) Pike County, Illinois
(p. 366).

- 369 -

CORRECTIONS

CEIR 19(20):351 - PINK BOLLWORM (Pectinophora gossypiella) - NEVADA -
overwintering population of 15,000 per acre ... Should read 7,000 per acre,

(Nev. Coop. Rpt.).
LIGHT TRAP COLLECTIONS

FLORIDA - Gainesville, 5/14-15, BL - Armyworm (Pseudaletia unipuncta) 5, beet

armyworm (Spodoptera exigua) 1, black cutworm (AgrotisS ipSilon) 3, corn earworm
(Heliothis zea) LI, granulate cutworm (Feltia subterranea) 45, tobacco hornworm

(Manduca Sexta) 2, variegated cutworm (Peridroma Saucia) 1, yellow-striped
armyworm (Prodenia ornithogalli) 2. KANSAS —- Manhattan, 5/13-14, BL - Army-
worm 10, wheat head armyworm (Faronta diffusa) 10. Tribune, 5/13, BL - Army
cutworm (Chorizagrotis auxiliaris) 3, wheat head armyworm 27. Wolcott, 5/10-12,
BL - Armyworm 3, wheat head armyworm 1, MISSISSIPPI - Stoneville, 5/10-16, 2 BL,
50-80° F., precip. 0.15 - Armyworm 5, beet armyworm 7, black cutworm 14, corn
earworm 18, granulate cutworm 2, salt-marsh caterpillar (Estigmene acrea) 1,
tobacco hornworm 2, yellow-striped armyworm 2. MISSOURI - Fair Grove, 578-14,

BL - Armyworm 38, black cutworm 1, European corn borer (Ostrinia nubilalis) l,
variegated cutworm 2. Portageville, 5/10-16, BL - Armyworm L, black cutworm 1,
variegated cutworm 1. OHIO - Wooster, 5/13-15 - Armyworm 23, black cutworm 2.
TEXAS - Waco, 5/10-16, 59-82°F., precip. 0.25-3.0 - Armyworm 1, beet armyworm 2,
black cutworm 2, corn earworm 8, granulate cutworm 8, variegated cutworm 16,
yellow-striped armyworm 4.

Weather of the week continued from page 356.

WEATHER OF THE.WEEK ENDING MAY 19

HIGHLIGHTS: Warm weather predominated in the West with some cooling in the North-
west late in the week. The East began cool but warmed by the weekend. Numerous
thundershowers spread an uneven pattern of rain over the east half of the Nation.

PRECIPITATION: Heavy thundershowers drenched the southern Great Plains, and
moderate to heavy downpours soaked other parts of the South from Texas to

Georgia early in the week. Some localities received 24-hour amounts ranging

from 3 to more than 4.5 inches. Twisters struck scattered locations from Texas

to Wisconsin on Tuesday, Wednesday, and Thursday afternoons and evenings. Reports
are incomplete but damage is believed to be comparatively light as many of the
storms touched down in sparsely populated areas. Large hail fell in the Abilene
and Lubbock, Texas, areas Wednesday evening. Winds gusted to 80 m.p.h. at Water-
town, South Dakota. The weekend brought more than 2 dozen tornadoes, mostly from
the Ohio River to the mid-South but a few occurred in such widely separated places
as Sinclairville, New York, and Pensacola, Florida. Most of the storms caused only
light damage and no personal injuries. Showers occurred from Lower Michigan to

New England and southward to the Gulf of Mexico and from the Pacific Northwest to
the northern Great Plains.

TEMPERATURE: The southwestern deserts warmed to 100° or higher on 1 or 2 days
€arly in the week. Blythe, California, registered 102° on Monday and 103° on
Tuesday. Southerly winds pushed temperatures over the Great Plains to the 80's
and 90's. In contrast to the warming trend over the West and Central, a deep
northwesterly current cooled the East. Frost occurred in the northern and central
Appalachians on 1 or 2 mornings. Bristol, Tennessee, registered 34° on Tuesday
morning. Cold air spilled into the northern Rockies and the northern Great Plains
on Thursday with maximums in the 50's common on Thursday and Friday, afternoon
temperatures reached the 80's and 90's in this area earlier in the week. Mean-
while, a warming trend began in the East. Temperatures over most of the Northeast
climbed into the 80's Saturday afternoon, 87° at Boston, Massachusetts.

(Summary supplied by Environmental Data Service, ESSA).

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ECONOMIC INSECT
REPORT-

» PLANT PEST CONTROL DIVISION
i AGRICULTURAL ‘RESEARCH SERVICE

UNITED STATES ‘DEPARTMENT OF AGRICULTURE.

AGRICULTURAL RESEARCH SERVICE

PLANT PEST CONTROL DIVISION

SURVEY AND DETECTION OPERATIONS

The Cooperative Economic Insect Report is issued
weekly as a service to American Agriculture. Its contents
are compiled from information supplied by cooperating State,
Federal, and industrial entomologists and other agricultural
workers. In releasing this material the Division serves as
a clearing house and does not assume responsibility for ac-
curacy of the material.

All reports and inquiries pertaining to this release,
including the mailing list, should be sent to:

Survey and Detection Operations
Plant Pest Control Division
Agricultural Research Service
United States Department of Agriculture
Federal Center Building
Hyattsville, Maryland 20782

Volume 19 May 30, 1969 Number 22

COOPERATIVE ECONOMIC INSECT REPORT

HIGHLIGHTS

Current Conditions
ARMY CUTWORM causing some damage to barley in North Dakota and Idaho. (p. 374).

GREENBUG reported on grain sorghum in south Texas. Appearing on wheat in
Colorado, and oats in Wisconsin. (pp. 374-375).

PALE WESTERN CUTWORM and BROWN WHEAT MITE damaging wheat in South Dakota.
@y 376)"

ALFALFA WEEVIL increasing in Nevada and Colorado. Building up in east, central,
and west districts of Illinois. Feeding damage in southwestern Ohio over 50
percent. Controls warranted in many alfalfa fields in Indiana. (pp. 376-377).
THRIPS increased on cotton in Texas and Georgia. (p. 379).

COLORADO POTATO BEETLE adults appearing in Washington, Idaho, Colorado, Kansas,
Tennessee, Virginia, Maryland, and New Jersey; caused some damage in Idaho and
troublesome in Maryland. (pp. 379-380).

PEAR PSYLLA first Summer-generation adults appearing in Oregon and Washington.
@2382)"

CITRUS RUST MITE increased, highest in 18 years of record for mid-May on Florida
Cutrusie Cp). 383).

GEOMETRID MOTH larvae heavy on red maples with some tree mortality and extensive
dieback expected in Pennsylvania; also destructive and heavy on oaks and
ornamentals in New Jersey. (p. 385).

HORN FLY heavy on untreated cattle in Georgia. Heavy on cattle in Texas and
Oklahoma. (p. 386).

Detection

New State records include COTTON LEAF PERFORATOR in Florida (p. 379), a DERMESTID
BEETLE in Hawaii (p. 381), and BROWN RECLUSE SPIDER in Ohio (p. 387).

For new county and island records see page 389.

Special Reports
Potato Psyllid Survey, Spring Breeding Areas of Texas. (p. 373).
Change in Scientific Name. (p. 381).

Distribution of San Jose Scale (map). (p. 390).

Reports in this issue are for week ending May 23 unless otherwise indicated.

= Syr/fil =

- 372 =

CONTENTS
Special Insects of (Regronal Sao nd fica Cle, vensi cielo el eiecereloierelcicteleleroverelelsierscrsnencnelarcrerenioio
Insects Affecting

Corn, Sorghum, Sugarcane......cecereedld CollePCrOpShrrercdenehstelaiolelelercislcleveletoseNsis OO
SMaMAG ran Sisters siorevolereveleveleievaioneresorenere oOo Generali Vere tablesisrec.cjcclelele siete ere OOUe
Turf, Pastures, Rangeland... 0.622.310 Deciduous Fruits and Nuts.......382
HOTA Sew LE SUMES sejeteleieeloiniey shore sf sisrelelecensOlO (HhinwiionovoguwOoudG COU A OHOUO 0060 OCS
Coton sverctensi shots cieloncl evel olereielelenerolenelerenerenet odo SMAL DT PruiCS ier. slelelesieletstelerstetstoteheteneyOOe
TODACC Oss sjerelaraictelobenens slafedvevaletotel ifelorelietelesit, Forest and Shade Trees..........384
SUSAVDSCUSHpeteteledefelsNekevelateneleheleleiefolelelonce OKO) Man “and (Amaimail’ Siicie. ie) selec) «i airetetoietyOO
Potatoes, Tomatoes, Peppers........379 Households and Structures.......387
Beans and Peas..... ho ood dbo oa om Ooo ele)

Hawaii TnsSiecit sREpOriGis: \etsie o.e isle jete «/c1e le, afe iors o/elleiello elie jerehevenelevelelete. ohevevelelelsfelistebareleneRenen enero Ole
Changzevinges ca enitath ic eNalmeycieiereie/e) le) ere)loyeie)'etelsielstels)ofelielover el enereteneleieliohe choy encherckehelenonercionekR OCR
Beneficial InSCC US)... crc ereleic er ciee e010 sleileie ic el'ee) eisielelie) cies) elsleiereleielevereieevelelctena eens neneiatee ttre ONG
Federal and Staite Plant Protection Programs). <i osc ciicls oicis oxe,s 010 cliches cieie ele eheleleronenchero Orel
TnsS eet Dee CiGHiOnl tere eps ave vanslotelerelolelie} oie le) eleisisvetsiel opel ouetelelliorenonshelevevetatels eueveversioneisiehlenelehenene ane
Lights Trap COLNE CtWONS ie peices aces 1 sicyeiaileie ole feller oie lcisteleliedere/eleileisl cles ie lerehwieisreleleveielsvoreheneteROoo
Distribution of San Jose 7Scatlie! ((malp))isieverelarencuetaterejele sie eiolese) keller alelsdsnohere siclialelerereia eres OO)

WEATHER OF THE WEEK ENDING MAY 26

HIGHLIGHTS: Precipitation fell in most States this week. Smallest amounts fell
in Utah, Nevada, and eastern Colorado. Severe weather occurred in the South and
in the south-central Great Plains.

PRECIPITATION: The week began with a lessening of the severe tornado activity
experienced over last weekend but activity increased to severe proportions again
by Wednesday. Rain showers were widespread in Eastern United States with heaviest
activity in the southeastern States and Florida. A small tornado touched down
near Tallahassee but no damage was reported. A cloudburst, accompanied by hail,
hit near Wakeeny, Kansas,and damaged crops. Showers were present along cool air
entering the States Monday and moving to a line from New England to Oklahoma and
northwestward along the Rockies by Wednesday. By late Wednesday, tornadoes and
violent thunderstorms had struck from the Texas Panhandle to northwestern
Missouri. Scattered light snow and sleet brought a touch of winter to Wisconsin
and northern Illinois. Snow also fell in South Dakota and Montana. By Thursday
the severe weather in the Nation's midsection had subsided. Widely scattered
thundershowers fell in Florida and California reported drizzle along the coast.
Unsettled weather began to increase again and the week ended with widespread
thunderstorm and tornado activity, mostly in the warm humid air in the South.
Hail occurred in most of the Southern States. On Friday, Morgan City, Mississippi,
reported golf ball size hail which damaged crops in that area. Total precipitation
for the week shows the greatest amount on the southeast Atlantic coast. Savannah,
Georgia, accumulated in excess of five inches. Another maximum area extended from
Wilmington, North Carolina, to central Virginia, ranging from four to two inches
respectively.

TEMPERATURE: The warming trend west of the Rockies has continued with 90° readings
being reported as far north as Seattle by Saturday. Some desert stations in the
Southwest exceeded 100° every day in the week. The Great Basin area was as high

as 7° above normal. Cool air pushed into the North Central States on Monday and
advanced to cover most of the area east of the Rockies by the end of the period.
The coolest weather occurred from New England, southwestward to Nebraska and
northern Kansas. Frost was reported on several days in the Great Lakes area.

Frost damage to early strawberries was reported in Minnesota. Below normal
temperature on the southeast coast was due to the cloudy conditions there
associated with frequent rainfall. (Summary supplied by Environmental Data Service,
ESSA.)

- 373 -

SPECIAL INSECTS OF REGIONAL SIGNIFICANCE
Potato Psyllid Survey, Spring Breeding Areas of Texas

The potato psyllid (Paratrioza cockerelli (Sulc)) survey in Texas was completed
April 18, 1969. Compared with 1968, psyllid counts remained constant in the Big
Spring area; decreased in the San Angelo, Marathon-Sanderson, and El Paso areas;
and increased in the Del Rio area. Conditions have been unusually dry in the
survey areas this year. Lycium host plants are in good to excellent condition in
all areas and heavily leafed. Psyllid egg deposits were light.

Potato Psyllid Survey on Overwintering Hosts in Texas

Average Number Per 100 Sweeps

District 1967 1968 1969

Big Spring (Howard County) a 42 39

San Angelo (Tom Green County) 4 aL?/ 5

Del Rio (Val Verde, Kinney, and Zavala Counties) 1 5 12

Marathon-Sanderson (Terrell and Pecos Counties) (0) 13 1

El Paso (El Paso and Hudspeth Counties) PH 14 9
(PPC)

Area diviSion — csseum

Upper figure
Lower figure

1969
1968

- 374 -

WORM (Chorizagrotis auxiliaris) - NORTH DAKOTA - Scattered infestations
aaa uenaas Nn Soot counties; 6 per square foot on Hettinger County oats;
2 per square foot reduced stands 50 percent in parts of some barley fields in i
Golden Valley County. Larvae one-third to fully grown in Grant County. (Brandvik).
WYOMING - Larvae cutting off corn plants in 10-acre field near Lingle, Goshen
County. Field treated. (Skelton). Larvae ranged 0-3 per square foot in alfalfa of
Converse, Niobrara, and Weston Counties. Niobrara is new county record. (Parshall).
IDAHO - New planting of barley up to 6 inches tall, 40 percent destroyed at :
Bancroft, Caribou County, May 21. (Alldaffer). NEVADA - Several alfalfa fields in
Orovada, Humboldt County, to be treated to prevent damage. (Sebbas).

ARMYWORM (Pseudaletia unipuncta) - VIRGINIA - Adults moderate in Montgomery County
light trap. (Pienkowski, May 74). MARYLAND - First larvae of season at Hillsboro,
Caroline County. Two second instars in lodged barley. Well below normal in small
grains this year. (U. Md., Ent. Dept.). ILLINOIS - Larvae averaged 1 per 25 sweeps
in southern half of State. Averaged about 1 per 50 linear row feet. (ill. Tnsj.

Rpt.).

ASTER LEAFHOPPER (Macrosteles fascifrons) - NORTH DAKOTA — First adults of season,
15 per 100 sweeps, on winter wheat in Hettinger County. (Brandvik). MINNESOTA -
Apparently blown into State previous period. Averaged 12 per 100 sweeps of oats
and 1 per 100 sweeps of rye in central and east-central districts. (Minn. Pest
Rpt.). WISCONSIN - Noticeable increase May 16 and 19. Populations erratic, vary
0-30 per 100 sweeps depending on site and host. Highest generally in rye and
lowest in oats. Counts per 100 sweeps averaged 8 in Grant County, up to 30 int
Dane County, 4 in Waushara County, and 1-3 in La Crosse and Trempealeau Counties.

(Wis. Ins. Sur.).

BUDWORMS (Heliothis spp.) - GEORGIA - Moderate across tobacco belt. (Womack) .
ALABAMA - Larvae feeding in buds of 5-10 percent of tobacco in 5-acre field in

Covington County. Controls applied. (McQueen).

CORN EARWORM (Heliothis zea) - VIRGINIA - Adults light in Montgomery County light
trap. (Pienkowski, May 14). SOUTH CAROLINA - Eggs noted on beans in Richland
County. (Thomas). GEORGIA - Moderate on soybeans and moderate on experimental
planting of sunflowers in Tift County. (Todd, May 17). Heavy on corn, damage
moderate on peas, in Same county. (Chalfant). FLORIDA - Larvae infested strawberry
fruits at farm near Raiford, Bradford County, May 15. (Hetrick). Only few fruits
infested. (Fla. Coop. Sur.). ALABAMA - Small to half-grown larvae on 3-15 percent
of waist-high corn in several large fields in Henry and Houston Counties.
(McQueen). ARKANSAS - Appears lighter than normal for time of year. Survey
negative in many fields while 1-4 larvae per 100 sweeps found in some fields.

No larvae found in Desha County. Light traps failed to take moths that gave rise
to few first-generation larvae. First moths in light traps this year were 3 at
Hope, Hempstead County, May 17, 19, and 20. (Boyer et al.}). OKLAHOMA - First larvae
of season on alfalfa in Tulsa and Muskogee Counties. (Okla. Coop. Sur.).

CORN LEAF APHID (Rhopalosiphum maidis) - KANSAS - Trace in seedling corn in south-
west area. (Brooks). OKLAHOMA - Ranged 25-30 per whorl in small sorghum plants in
Caddo County. Winged forms light on 12 to 24-inch corn in Tulsa and Muskogee
Counties. (Okla. Coop. Sur.). TEXAS - Reported on grain sorghum from central

areas and Brazos, Burleson, Hill, Jackson, and several other counties. (Green).

GREENBUG (Schizaphis graminum) - TEXAS - During week ending May 16, active on
grain sorghum in Blacklands area; light activity noted in Rolling Plains and
southern areas, Currently reported on sorghums in Maverick, Uvalde, Zavala,
Dimmit, Webb, Bee, San Patricio, and Refugio Counties. Medium to heavy on grain
sorghum at Eagle Pass, Maverick County; controls applied. Infested grain sorghum
in Bell and Bastrop Counties. Detected on grain sorghum up to 6 inches in Pecos
County and on red top cane in Kinney County. Reported on emerging grain sorghum
in Lubbock and Crosby Counties, and on Johnson grass in Potter and Randall
Counties in panhandle area . (Deer et al.). OKLAHOMA - Ranged 1-5 per plant on
small sudex plants in Alfalfa County. Averaged less than 1 per linear foot in
volunteer sorghum in Beckham County. (Okla. Coop. Sur.). KANSAS - None found on

- 375 -

wheat in southwest and west-central areas. (Brooks). Trace (1-3 per 25 sweeps) in
wheat in Barton, Stafford, and Reno Counties. Reported on seedling sorghum in
Montgomery and Cowley Counties. Infestations apparently present in most fields.
No damage or population estimates available. (Simpson). COLORADO - Appearing on
wheat in Cheyenne and Kit Carson Counties; up to 100 per 100 sweeps (Johnson).
WISCONSIN - Few appeared in oats in Spring Green area. None detected in central
or west-central counties. (Wis. Ins. Sur.).

POTATO LEAFHOPPER (Empoasca fabae) - VIRGINIA - One per 100 sweeps on birdsfoot
trefoil in Montgomery County. (Pienkowski, May 15). OHIO - First adult noted in
Wayne County at Wooster May 17. (Flessel). Adults should increase in southern
counties. (Richter). ILLINOIS - Averaged 95 per 100 sweeps in alfalfa in nearly
all sections. (Ill. Ins. Rpt.).

POTATO PSYLLID (Paratrioza cockerelli) - COLORADO - Adults 0-2 per 100 sweeps in
potato fields at Gilcrest, Weld County, where systemics not applied. (Urano).

SPOTTED ALFALFA APHID (Therioaphis maculata) - SOUTH DAKOTA - Eight per 100 sweeps
on alfalfa east of Spearfish, Lawrence County. (Jones, Walstrom). WYOMING -

Nymphs and adults 4 per 100 sweeps in one alfalfa field of Weston County. This is
new county record. None in alfalfa checked in Niobrara and Converse Counties.
(Parshall).

CORN, SORGHUM, SUGARCANE

EUROPEAN CORN BORER (Ostrinia nubilalis) - VIRGINIA - Moth emergence behind
schedule; only 2 moths collected in light trap to May 14 on Eastern Shore.
(Hofmaster). MARYLAND - Adults emerging in eastern and southern counties.
Pupation 60-90 percent in corn stubble in Talbot, Queen Annes, and Caroline
Counties. Adult emergence 10 percent. Pupation appears retarded due to cool
spring. (U. Md., Ent. Dept.). ILLINOIS - Nearly 100 percent pupation in southern
section; emergence beginning. Pupation 20 percent in central section, near 10
percent in northern section. (Ill. Ins. Rpt.). WISCONSIN - About 43 percent of
larvae pupated at Mazomanie. (Wis. Ins. Sur.). MINNESOTA - First pupation in
Sherburne County averaged 54 percent in standing corn, much lower in fields
disked or seeded down with small grain. No pupation in heavier soils of Wright
and Hennepin Counties. (Minn. Pest Rpt.). IOWA - First pupae collected on May 13;
26 percent pupation May 16 with 251 day degrees. (Iowa Ins. Inf.). NEBRASKA -
Pupation about 24 percent in 12 fields surveyed in Hall County May 20. (Hill,
Short). KANSAS - First adults of season collected May 16 in blacklight trap in
Wyandotte County. (Simpson).

CORN FLEA BEETLE (Chaetocnema pulicaria) - VIRGINIA - Adults averaged 1 per 5
plants in 2 fields of early corn in Pittsylvania County. (W.A. Allen, May 13).
MARYLAND - Increasing rapidly on Eastern Shore. Adults 1-4 per plant in many
fields. (U. Md., Ent. Dept.). NEW JERSEY - Feeding remains heavy on sweet corn
at Lumberton and Medford. Continued controls advised. (Ins.-Dis. Newsltr.).

YELLOW SUGARCANE APHID (Sipha flava) - TEXAS - Activity reported on grain sorghum
from Collin, Fannin, Lamar, Delta, Hunt, Wilbarger, Wichita, Foard, Haskell,
Stonewall, Jones, and Shackelford Counties. Heaviest in Foard and Jackson Counties.
(Boring et al., May 16). Light in Dallas and Denton areas of Dallas and Denton
Counties. (Turney). OKLAHOMA - Ranged up to 8 per leaf on lower leaves of 50
percent of corn checked in Tulsa and Muskogee Counties. Damaging small sorghum
plants in north-central, northeast, and east-central areas, (Okla. Coop. Sur.).

= 376 =

SMALL GRAINS

ENGLISH GRAIN APHID (Macrosiphum avenae) - OHIO - Adults and young first-generation
nymphs low on wheat past 2 weeks. (Richter). WISCONSIN - Averaged up to 600 per
100 sweeps on rye in some locations; less than 10 per 100 sweeps in oats, highest
in taller oats. Parasitism low in Waushara and Trempealeau Counties. (Wis. Ins.
Sur.). MINNESOTA - Averaged 15 per 100 sweeps of rye and trace to 60 per 100
sweeps of oats in central and east-central districts. (Minn. Pest Rpt.). NORTH
DAKOTA - Alate and apterous forms 8 per 100 sweeps on 6 to 8-inch rye in Richland,
Ransom, and Sargent Counties. (Brandvik, May 16). SOUTH DAKOTA - Counts in 40
random row feet: 1 alate and 2 nymphs on 2-leaf spring wheat May 12 at Dry Lake,
Hamlin County, and 2 alates and 9 nymphs on 4-leaf oats May 20 in Clay County.
(Kieckhefer). KANSAS - Ranged 5-12 per 25 sweeps on wheat in Barton, Stafford,

and Reno Counties. (Simpson). CALIFORNIA - Medium on wheat in Zamora, Yolo County.
(Cal. Coop. Rpt.).

PALE WESTERN CUTWORM (Agrotis orthogonia) - SOUTH DAKOTA - Economic on winter wheat
near Okaton, Jones County, and at Stanford, Jackson County. Severe damage evident
in some spots. (Calkins).

WHEAT STEM SAWFLY (Cephus cinctus) - NORTH DAKOTA - Larvae 35 percent pupated in
spring plowed wheatfield in Oliver County; mortality 20 percent. (Brandvik).

BROWN WHEAT MITE (Petrobia latens) - SOUTH DAKOTA - First observed in Butte
County May 15. Infested Several thousand acres of winter wheat in western area.
Known areas of infestation included fields near Newell, Butte County; Hereford
and Elm Springs, Meade County; and in Harding County. Severe enough (at least
20-25 per plant) to yellow and mottle wheat. Controls applied. Minimum of 5,000
acres sprayed in one location. (Kantack). COLORADO - Up to 500 per 100 sweeps of
wheat throughout northeastern area. (Johnson).

TURF, PASTURES, RANGELAND

WESTERN TUSSOCK MOTH (Hemerocampa vetusta) - NEVADA - First-instar to half-grown
larvae medium on desert peach (Prunus andersoni) and bitterbrush (Purshia
tridentata) in Jacks Valley, Douglas County. (Bechtel, Martinelli).

EUROPEAN CRANE FLY (Tipula paludosa) - WASHINGTON - Cooperative survey in Whatcom
County April 21-30 negative. (McCue et al.).

FORAGE LEGUMES

ALFALFA WEEVIL (Hypera postica) - VERMONT - Adults averaged 10-15 per 100 sweeps,
10 percent of stems with eggs. No hatch reported. (Nielsen, May 19). NEW
HAMPSHIRE - Infested occasional alfalfa tip. Up to 40 adults per 100 sweeps at

New Boston, Hillsborough County, and at Kensington, Rockingham County. (George,
Sutherland). NEW YORK - Low, 7 larvae found in Ulster County. (N.Y. Wkly. Rpt.,
May 19). NEW JERSEY - Present statewide; very few growers appliéd or intend to
apply spray before first cutting. Larvae 900-1,600 (average 1,250) per 100 sweeps
in 2 southern fields May 20; tip injury 30-65 percent. (Ins.-Dis. Newsltr.).
MARYLAND - Pupation underway in central counties. (U. Md., Ent. Dept.). OHIO -

Egg deposition passed peak throughout State. Larvae abundant in untreated fields;
ranged 0-15 per terminal, averaged 4-6. Feeding damage in southwestern areas over
50 percent, most fields 70-80 percent. Larvae 20+ per sweep in many unsprayed
fields. Very few prepupal cocoons observed in Wayne County (Flessel) and at Ripley
in Brown County. In Medina County, larval damage nearing 50-75 percent in unsprayed
fields; less than 10 percent in sprayed fields. (Thoburn). In Wayne County, damage
in untreated fields 50-75 percent, 25 percent in sprayed fields. (Glass).

MICHIGAN - Adults and eggs abundant in St. Clair, Bay, and Newaygo Counties and
southward. Hatch delayed by cool weather. (Ruppel, May 19). Bay and Newaygo new
county records. (PPC). INDIANA - Tip feeding ranged 20-50 percent. Larvae ranged
500-1,000 and adults averaged 10 per 100 sweeps in northeast district. Controls
warranted in many fields. In northwest district, adults active and ranged 76-320

- 377 -

per 100 sweeps during day sampling. Larvae ranged 80-1,500 per 100 sweeps (mostly
second instars). Light tip feeding ranged 0-40 percent (average 15). (Hintz,
Huber, May 16). ILLINOIS - Larvae leveling off in southern areas, building up in
east, central, and west districts. Larval averages per 100 sweeps (and percent
tip feeding) by district: West-southwest 2,450 (53), east-southeast 4,725 (78),
central 882 (28), west 776 (23). (I1l. Ins. Rpt.). NORTH DAKOTA - Adults active,
1 per 100 sweeps, on 4 to 6-inch alfalfa in Oliver County. (Brandvik). SOUTH
DAKOTA - Adults 8 per 100 sweeps in alfalfa east of Spearfish, Lawrence County.
(Jones, Walstrom). IOWA - Larvae collected in Washington, Jackson, and Dubuque
Counties May 22 for new county records. Infestations very light. Larvae 0-8 per
10 sweeps in Muscatine and Scott Counties. (Iowa Ins. Sur.). MISSOURI - Adults
taken in Caldwell County May 22 for a new county record. (Munson). SOUTH CAROLINA -
Remains heavy in all fields. Resistant varieties of alfalfa observed in Newberry
County and from sweep samples, estimated about 50 percent less weevil population,
(Thomas). ARKANSAS - Peak passed in northeastern area. Weevils per 10 sweeps in
untreated check plots in Mississippi County dropped from 70-80 to 20-30. Adults
outnumber larvae in untreated plots while larvae outnumber adults in treated
plots. (Dumas).

KANSAS - Alfalfa weevil averaged 1 per 50 sweeps in alfalfa in Seward County for
new county record. Larvae averaged 50 per 10 sweeps in alfalfa field in Scott
County. Most larvae small, no adults found. (Brooks); TEXAS - Larvae collected on
alfalfa from Fort Bend County identified by R.E. Warner and D.M. Anderson. Adults
collected in Dallas, Ellis, Rockwall, Kaufman, Cooke, and Collin Counties April
28-29 identified by H.R. Burke. These are new county records. (Green). COLORADO -
Increasing on northeastern area alfalfa; larvae 0-630 and adults 0-60 per 100
sweeps. (Rothman, Johnson). WYOMING - Adults ranged 0-70 per 100 sweeps in alfalfa
of Converse, Niobrara, and Weston Counties. Averages per 100 sweeps by county:
Converse 35 adults, 2 larvae; Niobrara 1 adult, no larvae; Weston 2 adults, 1
larva. Alfalfa 6-15 inches high. (Parshall). NEVADA - Larvae and damage increasing
rapidly in west-central counties, controls applied. Larvae per sweep ranged

80-100 in Churchill County, 20-45 in Douglas County, 40-60 in Pershing County,
20-150 in southern Washoe County. Infestations about double previous week and
damage more than doubled due to increased numbers and larger larval size. (Arnett
et al.). From central Lincoln County north through White Pine County adults
averaged 1-2 per sweep, larvae 1-10 per sweep; many eggs present in various

stages of development. Adults mating and many gravid females present. (Heringer).

CLOVER LEAF WEEVIL (Hypera punctata) - OHIO - Larvae on alfalfa about 3 per tip
in southern area. (Richter).

CLOVER HEAD WEEVIL (Hypera meles) - MISSOURI - Adults collected from red clover
in Saline and Pettis Counties May 20 for new county records. (Munson).

CLOVER SEED WEEVIL (Miccotrogus picirostris) - MISSOURI - Collected from alfalfa
in Caldwell County May 22 for new record. (Munson).

A WEEVIL (Sitona scissifrons) - WISCONSIN - Averaged 1-2 per sweep in central and
west-central alfalfa. (Wis. Ins. Sur.).

Alfalfa Pest Survey in Massachusetts - Survey conducted May 13 by Department of
Entomology, University of Massachusetts, in 5 alfalfa fields in Hampshire County.
Average counts per 100 sweeps as follows: Hypera postica (alfalfa weevil) - adults
5.4, larvae 2.6; Acyrthosiphon pisum (pea aphid) 7.4; Lygus lineolaris (tarnished
plant bug) 10; Sitona hispidulus (clover root curculio) 4.2; paraSitic Hymenoptera
19.6. (Miller).

A BLISTER BEETLE (Lytta cyanipennis) - WASHINGTON - Reported causing 10 percent
damage to 20 acres of alfalfa May 15 at Quincy, Grant County. (Foeppel, Retan).

EUROPEAN CLOVER LEAF TIER (Mirificarma formosella) - CALIFORNIA - Modified Frick
trap baited with hexalure (pink bollworm sex lure) placed in known infested field
in Lincoln, Placer County, yielded 40 males and 3 females. (Cal. Coop. Rpt.).

- 378 -

PEA APHID (Acyrthosiphon pisum) - MINNESOTA - Ranged 150-200 per 100 sweeps of
alfalfa in central and east-central districts. (Minn. Pest Rpt.). INDIANA - Light,
700-2,500 per 100 sweeps in northwest area alfalfa; 25-30 percent parasitized.
(Huber, May 16). IOWA - Ranged 10-60 per 10 sweeps in Washington, Jackson,
Dubuque, Muscatine, and Scott Counties. (Iowa Ins. Sur.). OKLAHOMA - Ranged
30-300 per 10 sweeps in alfalfa in Tulsa, Washington, Muskogee, Wagoner, Le Flore,
and Tillman Counties. Averaged 1,500 per square foot in Austrian Winter peas in
Tillman County. (Okla. Coop. Sur.). WYOMING - Adults and nymphs ranged 10-150
(averaged 76) per 100 sweeps in alfalfa in Converse, Niobrara, and Weston
Counties. About 8 percent winged forms in one field in Converse County. (Parshall).
WASHINGTON - Less than 5 per 25 sweeps in most fields at Touchet, Walla Walla
County. (Featherston).

MEADOW SPITTLEBUG (Philaenus spumarius) - IOWA - Ranged less than one to 6 spittle
masses per 10 stems on alfalfa in Washington, Jackson, Dubuque, Muscatine, and
Scott Counties. (Iowa Ins. Sur.). MARYLAND - Third and fourth instars ranged

10-40 per 10 sweeps of clover in Queen Annes, Caroline, and Dorchester Counties.
(Ui. Mai), Ent. Dept.)'.

LYGUS BUGS (Lygus spp.) - MICHIGAN - L. lineolaris (tarnished plant bug) increasing
in alfalfa. Counts per 200 sweeps by County as follows: Monroe 186, Lenawee 202,
Washtenaw 74, Oakland 86, Wayne 94, and Livingston 114. (Janes, May 19). OKLAHOMA -
L. lineolaris ranged 4-20 per 10 sweeps in alfalfa in Washington, Tulsa, Wagoner,
Muskogee, and Le Flore Counties. (Okla. Coop. Sur.). WYOMING - Lygus sp. nymph

and adult averages per 100 sweeps of alfalfa by county: 30 in Converse, 16 in
Niobrara, 14 in Weston County. (Parshall).

VETCH BRUCHID (Bruchus brachialis) - IDAHO = Populations, apparently migrants,
ranged 3-4 and occasionally more per sweep along margins of rape seed fields in
Lewiston area, Nez Perce County, May 23. In middle of fields about 1 per sweep.
(Allison).

COTTON

BOLL WEEVIL (Anthonomus grandis) - GEORGIA - Ten overwintering adults collected
from traps May 13-19 in Randolph County (Womack); 10 from 3 traps May 21-22 in
Spalding County (Beckham). ALABAMA - Overwintered weevils heavy on 2 to 7-leaf
cotton last 7 days. Highest live weevil counts per acre by county: Henry 1,200,
Monroe 100, Covington 975, and Autauga 700. (McQueen). MISSISSIPPI - Live weevils
found on 15 acres of cotton in 4 to 5-leaf stage in Yazoo County. Controls
applied. (Dinkins). Collected 68 weevils in 28 sex lure traps in delta counties;
total to date 191. (Pfrimmer et al.). LOUISIANA - In Madison Parish, from 17
winged traps near hibernation sites total of 426 weevils collected to date.
Collected 46 weevils from 145 winged traps on isolated island in Mississippi
River; total to date 1,706. From 10 winged traps near hibernation sites and
checked daily, 14 weevils taken; total to date 55. Totals from all winged traps
in Madison Parish 2,207. (Cleveland et al.). TEXAS - Light in Bee County. Heavy
migrations noted moving into fields in eastern Live Oak and western San Patricio
Counties. Large numbers of weevils reported in pheromone traps in Stonewall and
Wilbarger Counties. (Green, May 16). Appearing along Rio Grande and in fields
near some brush lines in Rio Grande Valley. Appearing in all fields in Tynan area,
Bee County. Some overwintered weevils reported moving into fields in Jim Wells
County. First overwintered boll weevils detected on pheromone traps in northeast
Glasscock County May 12. No overwintered weevils captured on traps in Martin
County to date. (Deer, Neeb). In 2 of 4 untreated cotton fields in McLennan and
Falls Counties, averaged 18 per acre, ranged 0-250. In 18 of 39 untreated fields,
averaged 125 per acre, ranged 0-656. Collected on flight screens 3, total to
date 66. In McLennan County hibernation sites, 24 weevils in wing traps, total

to date 1,006. (Cowan et al.).

> S)7/2) =

BOLLWORMS (Heliothis spp.) - GEORGIA - Moderate numbers feeding in terminals of
young cotton plants in Turner County, (Womack, May 17). ALABAMA - Small larvae and
eggs light on 4 to 8-leaf cotton in Henry, Covington, and Houston Counties. Some
ragging of young leaves but no economic damage. (McQueen). MISSISSIPPI - Collected
699 moths in 55 sex-lure traps in delta counties; total to date 1,006. (Pfrimmer
et al.). TEXAS - Eggs and/or larvae collected on native hosts. Twenty larvae
previously collected on native hosts identified as H. zea. Total to date on all
hosts: 184 H. zea and 2 H. virescens. First H. virescens moth in light trap in
McLennan and Falls Counties. (Cowan et al.). H. zea and H. virescens larvae in
most fields in Rio Grande Valley; damage negligible. Light terminal damage
reported from Nueces and Jim Wells Counties. (Deer).

COTTON LEAF PERFORATOR (Bucculatrix thurberiella) - FLORIDA - Adults collected
from cotton at Vero Beach, Indian River County, April 8 by F. Saba. This is new
State record. (Fla. Coop. Sur.).

COTTON APHID (Aphis gossypii) - SOUTH CAROLINA - Numerous and severely damaging
on seedling cotton in Florence County. (Sparks). ALABAMA - Continues very high
on large farm of 4 to 8-leaf cotton in Henry County. Generally light to spotty
throughout southern and central areas. Spotty in Washington County. (Estes et
al.). TENNESSEE - Present in all cotton fields in western area; conditions
favorable for buildup. (Locke). MISSISSIPPI - Moderate on 2 to 3-leaf stage
cotton in Pontotoc County. Averaged 20-30 per 20 plants, some leaf damage.
(Dinkins). TEXAS - In McLennan and Falls Counties, light in 26 treated fields,
medium in 7; and heavy in 5 untreated fields. (Cowan et al.). Light in scattered
fields in lower Rio Grande Valley, (Deer, May 16).

COTTON FLEAHOPPER (Pseudatomoscelis seriatus) - TEXAS - Increasing in some fields
in Cameron and Willacy Counties, but over most of Rio Grande Valley, numbers low
and remain constant. (Deer, May 16).

THRIPS - TEXAS - Increased in McLennan and Falls Counties; light in 5 of ll
treated fields; light in 17, medium in 3, and heavy in 6 of 33 untreated fields.
(Cowan et al.). MISSISSIPPI - Low in most cotton fields in Stoneville, Washington
County area. (Pfrimmer et al.). GEORGIA - Increasing and crinkling leaves of
young cotton plants in southern area. (Womack). ALABAMA - Frankliniella fusca
(tobacco thrips) and other thrips in all fields examined in Southern areas where
controls not applied. (McQueen).

TOBACCO

TOBACCO FLEA BEETLE (Epitrix hirtipennis) - MARYLAND - Light, 1-2 per plant, on
newly set tobacco in Prince Georges County. (U. Md., Ent. Dept.).

SUGARBEETS

RED-BACKED CUTWORM (Euxoa ochrogaster) - WASHINGTON - Larval damage about 30-40
percent to 10 acres of Sugarbeets May 19 at Wapato, Yakima County. (Landis).

POTATOES, TOMATOES, PEPPERS

COLORADO POTATO BEETLE (Leptinotarsa decemlineata) - NEW JERSEY - Continues to
feed and lay eggs on tomato transplants in most southern county fields. (Ins.-
Dis. Newsltr.). MARYLAND - Adults and second instars heavy on large plantings

of potatoes in southern Prince Georges County. Adults troublesome on Eastern
Shore. Soil systemic apparently not controlling adults on lower shore. (U. Md.,
Ent. Dept.). VIRGINIA - Overwintered adults appear more numerous. Egg masses
numerous and well distributed but very little hatching occurred at Painter,
Accomack County, by May 13. Damage may be severe, eSpecially on untreated
tomatoes. (Hofmaster). TENNESSEE - Moderate on Warren County potatoes. (Gordon).

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KANSAS - Adults ranged 1 per 5 plants to 2 per plant in commercial potato plantings
in Stafford County. In some fields egg masses averaged 1-2 per plant. No larvae
found. (Simpson). COLORADO - Adults laid eggs on potatoes at Gilcrest and Platte-
ville, Weld County. (Urano). IDAHO - Adults and larvae damaged about 10 percent of
backyard potato planting at Weiser, Washington County, May 15. (Gross). WASHING-
TON - First adult in flight at Yakima, Yakima County, May 8, and first eggs on
potatoes May 13 at Pasco, Franklin County. (Landis).

EUROPEAN POTATO FLEA BEETLE (Psylliodes affinis) - NEW YORK - Original collection
in North America made by J.A. Wilcox during July 1968 at Port of Albany, Albany
County. Subsequent collections made at 3 sites in central Albany County and one
site at East Durham, Greene County, by J.A. Wilcox and R.W. Flowers. Largest
numbers found at East Durham. All collections made from bitter nightshade (Solanum
dulcamara). Checks at nearby potato patches negative. It is believed, due to the
number Of specimens collected and the distance between collection sites, that

P. affinis is generally established in this area. The life history of P. affinis
Is the same as the native potato flea beetle (Epitrix cucumeris), consequently

it is not expected to become an important economic pest. It 1S believed routine
control procedures practiced by potato growers in the area to contend with native
flea beetles and other pests should control European potato flea beetle. (Wilcox).
For original report of European potato flea beetle in North America and back-
ground report, see CEIR 18(41):960, 965. (PPC).

SAY STINK BUG (Pitedia sayi) - WASHINGTON - Adults in yellow pan trap at
Pasco, Franklin County, May 6. First seasonal record. Important on potatoes in
Columbia Basin past few years. (Landis).

BEANS AND PEAS

MEXICAN BEAN BEETLE (Epilachna varivestis) - MARYLAND - First adults of season
heavily damaged garden bean plantings in Southern Prince Georges County. (U. Md.,
Ent. Dept.) SOUTH CAROLINA - Many egg masses in several counties. Most should
hatch in about 7 days and population should begin to increase in all fields.
(Thomas). ALABAMA - Overwintered adults increased in home gardens. Over 75 per-
cent of young beans in 2 home gardens in Henry County had one or more beetles
with egg laying just beginning. (McQueen).

PEA APHID (Acyrthosiphon pisum) - DELAWARE - Increased on peas in Sussex County
with some counts averaging over 10 per 10 sweeps. (Burbutis). MARYLAND -
Increasing on 50 acres of peas near Vienna, Dorchester County. (U. Md., Ent.
Dept.). IDAHO - None found in Nez Perce County peas. (Allison).

COLE CROPS

DIAMONDBACK MOTH (Plutella xylostella) - GEORGIA - Larvae heavy on collards,
turnips, and cabbage in Tift County. (Chalfant).

YELLOW-MARGINED LEAF BEETLE (Microtheca ochroloma) - ALABAMA - Larvae unusually
heavy, defoliated turnips in home garden in Greene County. Damaging populations
usually farther south in coastal counties. (Johnson et al.). This is a new county
record. (PPC).

CABBAGE CURCULIO (Ceutorhynchus rapae) - VIRGINIA - Numerous reports of damage
to cabbage on Eastern Shore; immature forms feeding in midribs and stems.
(Hofmaster).

CABBAGE MAGGOT (Hylemya brassicae) - CALIFORNIA - Larvae heavy in turnip roots in
Guadalupe, Santa Barbara County. (Cal. Coop. Rpt.).

Oem

GENERAL VEGETABLES

ASPARAGUS BEETLES (Crioceris spp.) - NEW JERSEY - C. asparagi (asparagus beetle)
becoming scarce on aSparagus. C. duodecimpunctata (spotted asparagus beetle)

increasing sharply in many cutting fields. (Ins.-Dis. Newsltr.).

SWEETPOTATO FLEA BEETLE (Chaetocnema confinis) - MARYLAND - Adults 2-4 per 10
plants on newly set sweetpotatoes near Salisbury, Wicomico County. (U. Md., Ent.
Dept.).

HAWAII INSECT REPORT

New State Records - Thirty larvae of a DERMESTID BEETLE (Trogoderma inclusum
LeConte)) taken from trogotrap in feed store in Honolulu, Oahu, on February 12,
1969, during routine survey for khapra beetle (T. granarium). T. inclusum is pest
of stored grains, primarily seeds, on the mainland U.S. Reported also from
England and Italy. Determination by C.J. Hansel. (Olson, Wong).

Cotton - PINK BOLLWORM (Pectinophora gossypiella) larvae heavy on wild cotton
inspected along roadsides in Waianae, Oahu. Over 50 percent of bolls infested
with one or more larvae. (Davis, Bartlett, Funasaki).

General Vegetables - CELERY APHID (Brachycolus heraclei) medium on 0.25 acre of
celery in Kaumakani, Kauai. First report on Kauai. (Sugawa). LEAF MINER FLIES
(Liriomyza spp.) continue to increase in green onion fields on Oahu. Heavy in few
fields, medium in many fields. BEET ARMYWORM (Spodoptera exigua) generally light
at Waimanalo and Koko Head, trace in Waianae and Kahuku. (FunaSaki). GREENHOUSE
WHITEFLY (Trialeurodes vaporariorum) generally heavy on snap beans, eggplants,
cucumbers, and tomatoes in Waianae, Waimanalo, and in scattered plantings of one
or more of these crops in other areas on Oahu. Heavy on Italian squash in Koko
Head, pumpkin in Pearl City, and bittermelon in Pupukea. (Sato, Yamamoto).

Fruits - ORIENTAL FRUIT FLY (Dacus dorsalis) pupae light in half-ripe to ripe
papayas and heavy in half-ripe to ripe guavas at experimental farm in Kapoho,
Hawaii; 124 papayas yielded 1,762 pupae or 14 per fruit; 610 guavas yielded
34,668 pupae or 57 per fruit. Parasitism by Opius vandenboschi and O. oophilus
(braconids) heavy in guavas. (Hawaiian Fruit Fly Investigations, USDA). BLACK
CITRUS APHID (Toxoptera aurantii) heavy on terminal foliage of recently pruned
mango trees in Koloa, Kauai. Larvae and adults of a lady beetle (Platyomus
lividigaster) abundant and preying on aphids. (Sugawa). ie sagem,

CHANGE IN SCIENTIFIC NAME
Carpocapsa a Synonym of Laspeyresia

Recent authorities (i.e., Obraztsov, 1959, p. 188; Hannemann, 1961, p. 92) are of
the opinion that Carpocapsa Treitschke, 1830 is a junior synonym of Laspeyresia
Hubner, 1826. Thus, the present correct combination for the codling moth,
Carpocapsa pomonella (L.), Should be Laspeyresia pomonella (L.).

References

Hannemann, H.J. 1961. Die Tierwelt Deutschlands. 48 Teil. Klein-schmetterlinge
oder Microlepidoptera 1. Die Wickler (s. str.) Tortricidae. 233 pp., 22 pls.

Obraztsov, N.S. 1959. Die Gattungen der Palaearktischen Tortricidae. II Die
Unterfamilie Olethreutinae. Tijdschr. v. Ent., 102(2):175-216.

Don R. Davis
Department of Entomology
Smithsonian [Institution

- 382 -

DECIDUOUS FRUITS AND NUTS

ORIENTAL FRUIT MOTH (Grapholitha molesta) - WASHINGTON - First larval entries in
peach shoots May 10 at Parker Heights, Yakima County. (Johnson). COLORADO - Adults
light around Mesa County peaches; mostly 1-2 per 5 traps with maximum of 8 per
trap. (Sisson). NEW JERSEY - "Flagged" terminals in abandoned peach orchard near
Elm, Camden County. (Ins.-Dis. Newsltr.).

CODLING MOTH (Laspeyresia pomonella) - OHIO - First hatch May 12-16 or at about
petal fall. Hatch peaked May I8 and will continue another 7-14 days in Wayne
County. (Forsythe).

RED-BANDED LEAF ROLLER (Argyrotaenia velutinana) - MICHIGAN - Egg laying continues
in\ Van Buren County; about 5-10 percent hatched. (Janes, May 19).

PLUM CURCULIO (Conotrachelus nenuphar) - ALABAMA - Heavier than normal on plums
and \peaches throughout Southern and central areas. Fruits 25-100 percent infested
on many unprotected wild and cultivated trees. (Bagby et al.). NEW JERSEY -

Found 7 in 10 minutes May 20 at Glassboro, Gloucester County. (Ins.-Dis. Newsltr.).

A ROVE BEETLE (Pelecomalium testaceum) - WASHINGTON -.Very abundant, damaging
apple blossoms May I3 at Bellingham, Whatcom County. Determined by M.H. Hatch.
(McCue, et al.).

PEAR PSYLLA (Psylla pyricola) - OREGON - First summer-generation adults appearing
in Hood River County. (Peifer). WASHINGTON - First summer-generation adults
appearing May 19 at Wenatchee, Chelan County. (Burts). MICHIGAN - Beginning fifth
instar in Berrien County. (Janes, May 19).

ROSY APPLE APHID (Dysaphis plantaginea) - NEW JERSEY - Very heavy in unsprayed
apple orchards. (InS.-Dis. Newsltr.). CONNECTICUT - Few at New Haven, New Haven
County; some apple leaves curling. (Kollas, May 20). OHIO - Small colonies on
Wayne County apples May 16. (Forsythe).

APHIDS - COLORADO - Myzus persicae (green peach aphid) foliar damage heavy in
unsprayed or poorly Sprayed peach orchards in Mesa County; orchards with good
Spray program unaffected. (Sisson). WASHINGTON - Brachycaudus persicae (black
peach aphid) winged and wingless forms on peach treeS May 12 at Yakima, Yakima
County. (Powell). First Aphis pomi (apple aphid) alatae at Yakima, Yakima County,
May 10; migrants in flight May I5 (Landis et al.); moderate on lower leaves of
apples May 12 at Greenbluff, Spokane County (Retan). First Rhopalosiphum fitchii
(apple grain aphid) winged migrants from apple May 16 at Yakima, Yakima County.
(Johnson).

A CHERRY FRUIT FLY (Rhagoletis indifferens) - OREGON - Adults emerged May 14 at
The Dalles, Wasco County. (Thienes). IDAHO - First adults of season May 19 at
Weiser, Washington County. (Hackler).

EUROPEAN APPLE SAWFLY (Hoplocampa testudinea) - CONNECTICUT - Active at Storrs,
Tolland County. Eggs laid in Some developing apple fruit. (Kollas, May 20).

EUROPEAN RED MITE (Panonychus ulmi) - WASHINGTON - First-generation eggs on Red
Delicious apples at 50 percent bloom May 6 at Selah, Yakima County. (Gregorich).
OHIO - Hatch about 75 percent complete. (Forsythe). NEW JERSEY - Very light in
most apple orchards. (Ins.-Dis. Newsltr.). NEW YORK - Nymphs noted May 14 at
Crown Point, Clinton County. (N.Y. Wkly. Rpt.). CONNECTICUT - Scarce except on
unsprayed apple trees at New Haven, New Haven County. (Kollas, May 20). RHODE
ISLAND - Most winter eggs hatched May 4 at Kingston, Washington County. (Field).
NEW HAMPSHIRE - First generation laying eggs at Stratham, Rockingham County.
(Sutherland).

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A SPIDER MITE (Tetranychus mcdanieli) - WASHINGTON - Moderate to heavy on suckers
and lower leaves of apples in Spokane, Yakima, and Chelan Counties. (Retan et al.,
May 16).

PECAN NUT CASEBEARER (Acrobasis caryae) - TEXAS - Moths emerged from pupae on
bands and eggs laid in counties South of line from Brazos to Milam to Kerr and
Val Verde Counties; also progressed past week in San Saba, Hood, and Young
Counties. Spraying began in Guadalupe, De Witt, and Gonzales County area May
13-14 and later in Bastrop, Washington, and Milam Counties. Eggs laid as of May
19 in Limestone County. (Green).

OMNIVOROUS LEAF TIER (Cnephasia longana) - OREGON - Unusually heavy this spring
in Willamette Valley. Noted in filbert orchards. (Every).

PHYLLOXERAS (Phylloxera spp.) - TEXAS - P. devastatrix (pecan phylloxera)

heavy in Dallas, Denton, Ellis Counties. (Green). OKLAHOMA - Phylloxera spp.
heavy on Cotton County pecans; moderate in Bryan County. (Okla. Coop. Sur.).
ARKANSAS - P. devastatrix galls heavy on leaf stems in old 65-acre pecan orchard
in Sumter County and on-fewer trees in Dallas County. (Bagby et al.).

BLACK PECAN APHID (Myzocallis caryaefoliae) - ALABAMA - Extremely heavy on 15-
foot seedling tree at Auburn, Lee County. Scattered infestations light on many
trees in Lee, Dallas, and Sumter Counties. (Leeper et al.) OKLAHOMA - Up to 35
per leaflet on Payne County pecans; moderate on Washington County pecans, (Okla.
Coop. Sur.).

PECAN LEAFROLL MITE (Aceria caryae) - OKLAHOMA - Light on pecan at Stillwater,
Payne County. (Okla. Coop. Sur.).

CITRUS

Citrus Insect Situation in Florida - Mid-May - CITRUS RUST MITE (Phyllocoptruta
oleivora nfeste norm percent of groves; 57 (norm 35) percent economic
Increased greatly, further increase expected. In high range on leaves, highest in
18 years of record for mid-May. Much above normal on fruit; will soon be at high
level. Highest districts north, west, south, and central. TEXAS CITRUS MITE
(Eutetranychus banksi) infested 36 (norm 53) percent of groves; 16 (norm 29)
percent economic. Still below normal and in low range statewide. Heavy in 8
percent of groves in scattered locations. Increase expected through June.

Highest districts central, north, and west. CITRUS RED MITE (Panonychus citri)
infested 41 (norm 52) percent of groves; 13 (norm 26) percent economic. Below
normal and at low level statewide. Slight increase expected and heavy infesta-
tions likely to develop in about 5 percent of groves. Highest districts west and
north. SIX-SPOTTED MITE (Eotetranychus sexmaculatus) infested 16 percent of
groves; 7 percent economic. Increased and near average May level of past 7 years.
Scattered heavy infestations may be expected into June in groves not treated
with miticide. GLOVER SCALE (Lepidosaphes gloverii) infested 81 (norm 82) percent
of groves; 12 (norm 27) percent economic, Slightly below average and in moderate
range. Slight increase expected. Highest districts south, east, and north.

PURPLE SCALE (L. beckii) infested 82 (norm 81) percent of groves; 6 (norm 11)
percent economic. Below normal and at moderate level. Increase expected but very
few infestations will be severe. YELLOW SCALE (Aonidiella citrina) infested 76
(norm 65) percent of groves; 7 (norm 9) percent economic. Slightly more abundant
than normal but only few infestations heavy. Little change expected from current
moderate level. Highest districts north and south. CHAFF SCALE (Parlatoria
pergandii) infested 50 (norm 68) percent of groves; 2 (norm 13) percent economic.
Expected to continue low and subnormal despite slight increase, BLACK SCALE
(Saissetia oleae) infested 21 (norm 32) percent of groves; 3 (norm 13) percent
economic. Summer increase has started and will continue into July. Current
population below normal and in low range. Highest districts east and central.

An ARMORED SCALE (Unaspis citri) infested 20 percent of groves; moderate or
heavy in 7 percent. Will continue to spread. MEALYBUGS infested 16 percent of
groves; 2 percent economic. Still low but expected rapid increase will cause

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heavy infestations in scattered groves. WHITEFLIES infested 71 percent of groves;
10 percent economic. Larval forms near normal. Expected to increase and enter
high range. (W.A. Simanton (Citrus Expt. Sta., Lake Alfred)).

WESTERN FLOWER THRIPS (Frankliniella occidentalis) - CALIFORNIA - Infested
tangerines at Holtville, Imperial County. (Cal. Coop. Rpt.).

CARMINE SPIDER MITE (Tetranychus cinnabarinus) - CALIFORNIA - Infested tangerines
at Holtville, Imperial County. (Cal. Coop. Rpt.).

SMALL FRUITS

OMNIVOROUS LEAF TIER (Cnephasia longana) - OREGON - Unusually heavy in Willamette
Valley this spring. Noted in cranberries and strawberries; more attention given
to controls on strawberries. (Every).

BLACK-HEADED FIREWORM (Rhopobota naevana) - NEW JERSEY - Active on cranberry bogs
where winter flood removed in April. (ins.-Dis. Newsltr.).

CRANBERRY FRUITWORM (Acrobasis vaccinii) - NEW JERSEY - Eggs on Burlington County
blueberries May 20. (Ins.-Dis. NewsSltr.).

GRAPE FLEA BEETLE (Altica chalybea) - OHIO - Adults heavy, about 5 per branch, in
vineyard in northern Montgomery County. On grapes in Fayette County (Hamrick)
and other parts of State (Still).

A WEEVIL (Brachyrhinus rugosostriatus) - CALIFORNIA - Medium on strawberries at
Tulelake, Siskiyou County. (Cal. Coop. Rpt.).

EUROPEAN FRUIT LECANIUM (Lecanium corni) - CALIFORNIA - Heavy on grapevines in
80-acre planting at Madera, Madera County. (Cal. Coop. Rpt.).

TARNISHED PLANT BUG (Lygus lineolaris) - MICHIGAN - Increased on strawberries in
southwestern area. (Janes, May 19).

FOREST AND SHADE TREES

SOUTHERN PINE BEETLE (Dendroctonus frontalis) - VIRGINIA - Aerial survey in early
April indicated low populations in MecKlenburg and Halifax County area; increase
in Campbell County. Aerial surveys showed occasional red-brown tree over State
forests in Cumberland, Buckingham, and Prince Edward Counties. Aerial surveys
showed low numbers in northern Prince George and Surrey Counties in March 1969
and Louisa County in December 1968. February 1969 survey showed no additional
damage in Hanover County where 1968 activity had been of concern. (For. Pest
Surv. Rpt.).

FIR ENGRAVER (Scolytus ventralis) - WASHINGTON - Outbreak numbers of prepupae
on grand fir at Fields Spring State Park, Asotin County. (Saunders, Barstow).

CHERMIDS (Adelges spp.) - OHIO - A. abietis (eastern spruce gall aphid) hatch
complete. Galls forming on 54 percent of Norway spruce trees in 4-acre block
May 23. (Campbell). WISCONSIN - A. cooleyi (Cooley spruce gall aphid) hatch
underway in southern counties. Some nymphs forming wing pads on-Douglas-fir
at Middleton, Dane County. Many eggs from stem mothers not hatched. (Wis.
[ns (sure)

BALSAM TWIG APHID (Mindarus abietinus) - WISCONSIN - Active in stand of balsam
Christmas trees in Monroe County May 19. Infested 10-70 percent of new shoots on
90 percent of trees; curling evident. (Wis. Ins. Sur.).

PINE SPITTLEBUG (Aphrophora parallela) - WISCONSIN - Nymphs on old growth of
Jackson County Scotch pine May 19. Spittle masses becoming evident. (Wis. Ins.
Sur:s)):

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PINE NEEDLE SCALE (Phenacaspis pinifoliae) - WISCONSIN - Hatched at Spring Green,
Sauk County; about 40 percent of crawlers exposed on white pine needles. (Wis.
Ins. Sur.). NORTH DAKOTA - Eggs averaged 2-3 per spruce needle at Fargo, Cass
County. (McBride).

EUROPEAN PINE SHOOT MOTH (Rhyacionia buoliana) - OHIO - Pupation completed on
Hamilton County mugho pine May 20. (Kennedy).

AN OLETHREUTID MOTH (Petrova luculentana) - SOUTH DAKOTA - Reared from ponderosa
pine collected from De Smet Forest at De Smet, Kingsbury County. This is
relatively rare Species in State. (McKnight).

A CONIFER SAWFLY (Neodiprion pratti pratti) - VIRGINIA - Generally low across
State; defoliation L[ess than 20 percent. Hatching at Farmville, Prince Edward
County. (For. Pest Surv. Rpt., Apr.). OHIO - Larvae completely defoliated short-
leaf pines as tall as 25 feet. Affected as much as half of trees in many stands.
Heaviest in Scioto County; also damaging in Ross and Pike Counties. (Houf).

GEOMETRID MOTHS - MINNESOTA - Paleacrita vernata (Spring cankerworm) probably in
third and fourth instar. St. Paul municipal crews started spraying for canker-
worm May 14. To date, several hundred boulevard trees treated in Randolph to
Jefferson and Snelling to Mississippi River area. (Minn. Pest Rpt.). PENNSYLVANIA -
Physostegania pustularia larvae heavy on Perry County red maples for third year
of heavy defoliation. Expected to be abundant in many central and eastern
counties. Some tree mortality and extensive dieback to red maple expected this
year. (Pa. For. Pest Rpt., May). NEW JERSEY - Cankerworms very destructive in
section of Medford Lakes, Burlington County. Completely defoliated oaks and
severely injured many other plants, including valued ornamentals. Extremely
heavy along Tuckerton Road bordering Medford Lakes and Medford Township for
about 2.2 miles. At least 500 acres in defoliated areas. (Ins.-Dis. Newsltr.).

SADDLED PROMINENT (Heterocampa guttivitta) - PENNSYLVANIA - Surveys completed

in 33 areas of Wayne, Monroe, and Lackawanna Counties. Mortality of overwintered
pupae 50-90 percent in most areas; unknown dipterous parasite, one of principal
causes, emerging from pupal cases Since early April. This parasite eliminated
defoliation threat at Tobyhanna Military Depot. Defoliation will probably be
moderate to heavy in Several areas of Wayne and Monroe Counties on beech and
Sugar maple where parasite low. Moths expected in late May or early June with
defoliation from mid-June through July. (Pa. For. Pest Rpt., May).

A TORTRICID MOTH (Croesia semipurpurana) - VIRGINIA - Limited egg survey shows
high numbers continuing locally along western boundary from Alleghany and Bath
Counties. (For. Pest Surv. Rpt., Apr.).

MOURNING-CLOAK BUTTERFLY (Nymphalis antiopa) - NEVADA - Larvae light to heavy on
elm, poplar, and willow in southern Washoe County. (Nev. Coop. Rpt.).

CHRYSOMELID BEETLES - MISSOURI - Pyrrhalta luteola (elm leaf beetle) egg masses,
7-112 per square foot, just hatching May 13 on Chinese elm in southeastern area.
(Thompson). ALABAMA - Larvae of Chrysomela scripta complex (cottonwood leaf
beetles) heavy; partly defoliated many willows along streams and some isolated
highway ornamentals. New adults laying eggs. (Henderson et al.). RHODE ISLAND -
Plagiodera versicolora (imported willow leaf beetle) adults active May 7 in
Providence County. (Hartley). NEW HAMPSHIRE - First P. versicolora adults May

13 at Litchfield, Hillsborough County, and May 15 at Durham, Strafford County.
Egg laying started at Durham. (Sutherland).

BARK BEETLES - WISCONSIN - Mating pairs of Hylurgopinus rufipes (native elm bark
beetle) in nuptial chambers May 5 in standing elmS which died in 1968 in Menominee
County. Egg laying underway. Few still hibernating. Noted May 15 in bark of living
elms in Winnebago County. Heavy in elms May 6 at Green Bay, Brown County. (Wis.
Ins. Sur.). IOWA - Scolytus multistriatus (smaller European elm bark beetle) adult
flight imminent. (Iowa Ins. Inf.).

= 3360 —=

SAWFLIES - CALIFORNIA - Tomostethus multicinctus (brown-headed ash sawfly) heavy
on Modesto ash trees at Redding, Shasta County. (Cal. Coop. Rpt.). NEW JERSEY -
Fenusa pusilla (birch leaf miner) common on birch statewide. (Ins.-Dis. Newsltr.).
RHODE ISLAND - F. pusilla adults active May 4 in Washington County. (Mathewson).
NEW HAMPSHIRE - F. pusilla adults ovipositing May 10 at Durham, Strafford
County, and May T3 at Litchfield, Hillsborough County. (Conklin, Sutherland).
Hatching May 16 at Durham. (Conklin).

PERIODICAL CICADA (Magicicada septendecim) - VIRGINIA - Moderate to heavy in
Montgomery, Pulaski, Patrick, Wythe, and Alleghany Counties. (W.A. Allen).

MAN AND ANIMALS

SCREW-WORM (Cochliomyia hominivorax) - Total of 15 cases reported in U.S. May
18-24 as follows: TEXAS - Crockett 1, Dimmit 2, Frio 2, Hidalgo 1, Jim Hogg 2,
Jim Wells 1, Kimble 1, Live Oak 2, Starr 1, Zavala 1; ARIZONA - Cochise 1.
Total of 163 cases reported in portion of Barrier Zone in Republic of Mexico
May 11-17 as follows: Sonora 73, Chihuahua 49, Coahuila 18, Nuevo Leon 6,
Tamaulipas 17. Total of 10 cases reported in Mexico south of Barrier Zone.
Barrier Zone is area where eradication operation underway to prevent establish-
ment of self-sustaining population in U.S. Sterile screw-worm flies released:
Texas 65,080,000; New Mexico 2,340,000; Arizona 8,780,000; California 600,000;
Mexico 86,318,000. (Anim. Health Div.).

FACE FLY (Musca autumnalis) - CALIFORNIA - Adults collected from cows and
horses in Shasta County May 22 by D. Mace and E. Lusk. This is first report of
season and a new county record. Heavy on faces of cattle; causing "weeping"
and annoyance. No larvae found. (Cal. Coop. Rpt.). ILLINOIS - Averaged 2.6 per
animal in southwest district. (Ill. Ins. Rpt.).

HORN FLY (Haematobia irritans) - GEORGIA - Heavy on untreated cattle across
State. (Nolan, May 17). TEXAS - Heavy on cattle in Edwards, Crockett, Pecos,

and Kinney Counties. (Neeb). OKLAHOMA - Ranged 250-400 per head on cattle in
Major and Woodward Counties; averaged 100 per head in Payne County. (Okla. Coop.
Sur.). IOWA - About 10-15 per head on beef cattle in Story County. Rapid increase
expected if no controls used. (Iowa Ins. Inf.). ILLINOIS - Average per head by
district: Southwest 29.6 and southeast 139.6. (I1l. Ins. Rpt.). MARYLAND - First
adults of season 30-80 per head on dairy cattle at Beltsville, Prince Georges
County.) (GUiy Md)., “Ent® Dept. ).

A BLACK FLY (Simulium venustum) - NORTH DAKOTA - Annoyance increased. Heaviest
along Red and Sheyenne Rivers in eastern area; about 5,000 flies fed on under-
sides of horses. (Brandvik, May 16).

TABANID FLIES - ARKANSAS - Horse flies heavier than normal, causing concern on
Miller County cattle. (Barnes). ALABAMA - Adults of Chrysops spp. (deer flies)
light; annoying man and horses in low areas of Lee and Macon Counties. (Barwood).

MOSQUITOES - MINNESOTA - No Significant numbers of Aedes spp. larvae to date
at Minneapolis and St. Paul. Bite collections in untreated areas showed some
high counts (39 per 5 minutes); A. dorsalis, A. sticticus, and A. excrucians
dominant. Rains not heavy enough to produce brood of Aedes. (Minn. PeSt Rpt.).

HARD-BACKED TICKS - WASHINGTON - Dermacentor andersoni (Rocky Mountain wood tick)
numerous in Yakima and Whitman Counties. (Jackson et al., May 16). COLORADO - D.
andersoni very heavy, as high as 50 per person, in foothills of Larimer County.
(Johnson). OKLAHOMA - Amblyomma maculatum (Gulf Coast tick) heavy on several
cattle herds in Johnston County; mostly in ears. (Okla. Coop. Sur.). RHODE

ISLAND - D. variabilis (American dog tick) numerous statewide; more so than last
year in Providence and Washington Counties May 12. (King, Field). NEW HAMPSHIRE -
First D. variabilis of season reported at Newmarket, Rockingham County.

(Sutherland).

= "3 8i—

BROWN RECLUSE SPIDER (Loxosceles reclusa) - OHIO - Collected in home in Huron
County May 14. Determined by W.J. Gertsch. This is a new State record. (Richter).

HOUSEHOLDS AND STRUCTURES

A DERMESTID BEETLE (Novelsis aequalis) - DISTRICT OF COLUMBIA - Nearly full-
grown larva found near fur gloves in basement of house, May 21, by H. Sollers-
Riedel. Determined by J.M. Kingsolver. Collections from District of Columbia
limited to few Specimens. Known only from Mexico, Texas, and Maryland. (Sollers-
Riedel),

LEAD-CABLE BORER (Scobicia declivis) - CALIFORNIA - Heavy flights swarming on and
into new houses at Santa RoSa, Sonoma County. Affected at least 12 structures
under construction. (Cal. Coop. Rpt.).

WESTERN DRYWOOD TERMITE (Incisitermes minor) - CALIFORNIA - Medium to heavy in
residence at Sacramento, Sacramento County. (Cal. Coop. Rpt.).

BENEFICIAL INSECTS

LADY BEETLES - VIRGINIA - Hippodamia convergens (convergent lady beetle) moderate;
fed on Acyrthosiphon pisum (pea aphid) in Charlotte County red clover. (W.A.
Allen, May 14). INDIANA - H. tredecimpunctata and Ceratomegilla maculata adults
very abundant, 50-170 per 100 Sweeps of alfalfa in northwest district. (Huber,

May 16). WYOMING - Adults of unspecified species 1-12 per 100 sweeps on alfalfa
in Converse, Niobrara, and Weston Counties. (Parshall). NEVADA - H. convergens
most common predator; controlled pea aphid on alfalfa. (Nev. Coop. Rpt.).
WASHINGTON - First lady beetle larvae May 16 at Yakima, Yakima County; associated
with Rhopalosiphum fitchii (apple grain aphid). (Johnson).

BRACONIDS (Aphidius spp.) - NEVADA - High counts of Aphidius sp. controlled pea
aphid in alfalfa fields. (Nev. Coop. Rpt.). WASHINGTON - A. smithi averaged 2
per 25 sweeps of alfalfa May 12 at Touchet, Walla Walla County. Became dominant
over other parasites of pea aphid in past 2 years. (Featherston).

A DAMSEL BUG (Nabis sp.) - WYOMING - Adults 0-5 per 100 sweeps on alfalfa in
Converse, Niobrara, and Weston Counties. (Parshall).

.A BEE FLY (Heterostylum robustum) - WASHINGTON - Heavy in 3 Nomia melanderi
(alkali bee) nest sites near Touchet, Walla Walla County; parasite larvae were
6-10 times more numerous than alkali bee prepupae in some soil samples.
(Johansen, Eves).

A PHYTOSEIID MITE (Typhlodromus occidentalis) - WASHINGTON - Synchronized with
Tetranychus mcdanieli prey in Yakima and Chelan Counties. Found for first time
at Greenbluff, Spokane County, where introduced last year. (Gregorich et al.,
May 16).

FEDERAL AND STATE PLANT PROTECTION PROGRAMS

BOLL WEEVIL COMPLEX (Anthonomus grandis complex) - ARIZONA - Sterile males
placed in 20 traps in Avra Valley and 5 traps in Molino Basin. No weevils
collected during April. (PPC West. Reg.).

BROWN-TAIL MOTH (Nygmia phaeorrhoea) - MAINE - Surveys disclosed infestations
east to Phippsburg, Sagadahoc County, and 6 towns in Cumberland County. In
Casco Bay, 21 of 26 islands found infested. NEW HAMPSHIRE - Survey completed.
Total of 80 townships surveyed, 2 infested; 1 site in Henniker Township,
Merrimack County, and 3 sites in Moultonboro Township, Carroll County.
CONNECTICUT - Survey negative. RHODE ISLAND - Survey negative. (PPC East. Reg.,
Apr. Rpt.).

- 388 -

CEREAL LEAF BEETLE (Oulema melanopus) - WEST VIRGINIA - Adults and larvae light
on oats on farm at Ravenswood, Jackson County. Collected by S.A. Moore May 21.
Same situation on oats on farm at Gallipolis Ferry, Mason County. Collected by
Sissons and Brinker May 21. Both determined by R.E. White. Both are new county
records. (PPC). PENNSYLVANIA - Overwintering beetles found in Beaver County April
16. Negative in Crawford, Lawrence, and Mercer Counties. Survey began in York
County April 28 and Chester County April 30. (PPC East. Reg.). Following new
county records found in May: Jefferson, Centre, Huntingdon, Somerset, and
Cambria. (PPC), OHIO - Eggs appearing statewide on oats and Some wheat. Egg
deposition reaching peak and expected to continue about 2 more weeks. Eggs 86

and larvae 11 in 3 linear feet of oats at Dover, Tuscarawas County. (Treece).
Larval damage up to 10 percent in agronomy plots in Franklin County. (Lyon).
Adults 65 per 50 sweeps, few eggs, and no larvae in 20-acre oatfield in Medina
County. (Lyon). Larval damage scattered and light in Coshocton County. (Boyle).
Larvae in southwestern area generally light. Eggs 20 and larvae 25 per 3 linear
feet in Preble County oatfield. (Richter). INDIANA - Adults 0-4 per sweep of oats
in northeast district. Hatch beginning in La Porte and St. Joseph County line
area. Eggs averaged per linear foot on oats: 40-85 at New Carlisle and 6-8 in
area near U.S. Highway 6. Adult activity ceased on wheat; second instars dominant.
(Hintz, Shade, May 16). MICHIGAN - Adults averaged 65 and 71 per square foot in

2 Berrien County oatfields; few first instars present. Infestations spotty but
widespread across State. (Ruppel, May 19).

CITRUS BLACKFLY (Aleurocanthus woglumi) - TEXAS - Surveys negative during April
in Cameron, Hidalgo, Jim Hogg, La Salle, and Webb Counties. (PPC South. Reg.).

A GRASS BUG (Labops hesperius) - IDAHO - Probably this species damaged about half
of crested wheat and wild ryegrasses in 30 by 15-mile area in Elmore County;
controls required. (Edwards). OREGON - Adults damaged bromegrass, intermediate
wheatgrass, pubescent wheatgrass, and orchard grass in Lake and Baker Counties.
Much damage to at least 1,000 acres in Baker County. Most of area has been in

soil bank land. Infests 400 known acres in Lake County, also in soil bank land for
about 10 years. Range areas may be infested. Identified by J.D. Lattin. (Every).

GRASSHOPPERS - NORTH DAKOTA - Hatch light, comparable to last season, in lighter
soil areas in Richland County. Ranged 1-18 (averaged 8) first instars per Square
yard. Egg development ahead of 1968 with 4 percent clear, 13 percent coagulated,
30 percent eyespot, and 53 percent segmented. No desiccated or parasitized eggs.
No widespread problem expected this season. (Brandvik, May 16). MINNESOTA - Some
hatch and first instars in Sherburne County. Melanoplus bivittatus eggs all
segmented to fully formed. Few Camnula pellucida egg pods found; all fully formed
with some hatch. M. packardii eggs in eyespot. M. differentialis and M.
femurrubrum eggs Clear to coagulated. Week of warm weather Should cauSe major
hatch of M. bivittatus and C. pellucida in sandy soil areas. (Minn. Pest Rpt.).

GYPSY MOTH (Porthetria dispar) - PENNSYLVANIA - Egg clusters found outside
regulated area in Montgomery and Schuylkill Counties. (PPC East. Reg., Apr. Rpt.).

HALL SCALE (Nilotaspis halli) - CALIFORNIA - Second survey of Stilson Canyon
completed in April, and inSpection of Bidwell Park in Chico, Butte County; all
negative. (PPC West. Reg.).

MEXICAN FRUIT FLY (Anastrepha ludens) - TEXAS - Trapped 63 on 42 properties

in Cameron, Willacy, Hidalgo, Starr, Zapata, and Dimmit Counties during March and
early April. Zapata County is new county record. Larvae in grapefruit in Hidalgo
County April 16, 17, and 23. No larvae in oranges. (PPC South. Reg.). ARIZONA -
Inspections of 117 traps at Yuma, Yuma County, negative in April. (PPC West.
Reg.).

PINK BOLLWORM (Pectinophora gossypiella) - CALIFORNIA - In Kern County 2,940
sex-lure traps inStalled in 3 inspection zones by April 11. In southeastern
desert 90 traps operative. Two adults taken in Bard Valley by April 29. None in
Palo Verde Valley, Imperial, and Salton Sea areas, Imperial County. In

- 389 -

Coachella Valley, Riverside County, 1,079 traps in operation. First wild moths
taken April 18; total of 6 by end of April. (PPC West. Reg.). FLORIDA - Sterile
moths released twice weekly; 365,000 released during April in southern area.
(PPC South. Reg.).

PISTACHIO SEED CHALCID (Megastigmus pistaciae) - CALIFORNIA - None on sticky
boards in 11 north-central counties. (PPC West. Reg., Apr. Rpt.).

WEST INDIAN SUGARCANE ROOT BORER (Diaprepes abbreviatus) - FLORIDA - Limited

adult survey in Apopka area of Orange and Marion Counties in April. Adults
emerging in heavily infested grove; 10 adults found April 22; 30 adults noted week
later. (PPC South. Reg.).

WHITE-FRINGED BEETLES (Graphognathus spp.) - GEORGIA - Larvae moderate on okra
roots in Ben Hill County. (Collier, May 17). VIRGINIA - Several larvae found in
infested area of Scott County; 8 larvae recovered in Mecklenburg County. (PPC
East. Reg., Apr. Rpt.).

INSECT DETECTION

New State Records - COTTON LEAF PERFORATOR (Bucculatrix thurberiella) Indian River
County, Florida (p. 379). A DERMESTID BEETLE (Trogoderma inclusum) Oahu Island,
Hawaii (p. 381). BROWN RECLUSE SPIDER (Loxosceles reclusa) Huron County, Ohio

(Do Sexi

New County and Island Records - ARMY CUTWORM (Chorizagrotis auxiliaris) Niobrara
County, Wyoming (p. 374). SPOTTED ALFALFA APHID (Therioaphis maculata) Weston
County, Wyoming (p. 375). ALFALFA WEEVIL (Hypera postica) Bay and Newaygo Counties,
Michigan (p. 376); Dubuque, Jackson, and WaShington Counties, Iowa; Caldwell
County, Missouri; Seward County, Kansas; Collin, Cooke, Dallas, Ellis, Fort Bend,
Kaufman, and Rockwall Counties, Texas (p. 377). CLOVER SEED WEEVIL (Miccotrogus
picirostris) Caldwell County and CLOVER HEAD WEEVIL (Hypera meles) Pettis and
Saline Counties, Missouri (p. 377). YELLOW-MARGINED LEAF BEETLE (Microtheca
ochroloma) Greene County, Alabama (p. 380). CELERY APHID (Brachycolus heraclei)
Kauai Island, Hawaii (p. 381). FACE FLY (Musca autumnalis) Shasta County,
California (p. 386). CEREAL LEAF BEETLE (Qulema melanopus) Jackson and Mason
Counties, West Virginia; Cambria, Centre, Huntingdon, Jefferson, and Somerset
Counties, Pennsylvania (p. 388). MEXICAN FRUIT FLY (Anastrepha ludens) Zapata
County, Texas (p. 388).

LIGHT TRAP COLLECTIONS

FLORIDA - Gainesville, 5/20-21, BL - Armyworm (Pseudaletia unipuncta) 3, black
cutworm (Agrotis ipsilon) 3, cabbage looper (TrichopluSia ni) 1, corn earworm
(Heliothis zea) 1, fall armyworm (Spodoptera frugiperda) 1, granulate cutworm
(Feltia Subterranea) 17, variegated cutworm (Peridroma Ssaucia) 3, yellow-striped
armyworm (Prodenia ornithogalli) 3. KANSAS - Manhattan, 5718-19, BL - Armyworm

16, wheat head armyworm (Faronta diffusa) 13. Tribune, 5/18, BL - Army cutworm
(Chorizagrotis auxiliaris) I, armyworm 1, wheat head armyworm 4. Wolcott, 5/18-20,
BL - Armyworm 7, European corn borer (Ostrinia nubilalis) 2, wheat head armyworm
3. MISSISSIPPI - Stoneville, 5/17-23, ZBL, 61-94 F., precip. 0.86 - Armyworm 2,
black cutworm 6, corn earworm 44, granulate cutworm 1, tobacco budworm 2,
variegated cutworm 22, yellow-striped armyworm 1. MISSOURI - Fair Grove, 5/15-21 -
Armyworm 14, black cutworm 3, European corn borer 7, variegated cutworm 2. OHIO -
Wooster, 5/17-22 - Armyworm 46, European corn borer 4, wheat head armyworm 2.
TEXAS - Waco, 5/17-23, 65-84° F., precip. 0.43 - Armyworm 10, beet armyworm (S.
exigua) 14, black cutworm 2, corn earworm 7, granulate cutworm 15, tobacco a
budworm (Heliothis virescens) 1, variegated cutworm 21, yellow-striped armyworm
23. WISCONSIN - Madison, 5/18-21, BL - Armyworm 3. WYOMING - Torrington, 5/18-20,
BL - Army cutworm 12, wheat head armyworm 3.

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AGRICULTURAL RESEARCH SERVICE

PLANT PEST CONTROL DIVISION

SURVEY AND DETECTION OPERATIONS

The Cooperative Economic Insect Report is issued
weekly as a service to American Agriculture. Its contents
are compiled from information supplied by cooperating State,
Federal, and industrial entomologists and other agricultural
workers. In releasing this material the Division serves as
a clearing house and does not assume responsibility for ac-
curacy of the material.

All reports and inquiries pertaining to this release,
including the mailing list, should be sent to:

Survey and Detection Operations
Plant Pest Control Division
Agricultural Research Service
United States Department of Agriculture
Federal Center Building
Hyattsville, Maryland 20782

Volume 19 June 6, 1969 Number 23
COOPERATIVE ECONOMIC INSECT REPORT
HIGHLIGHTS

Current Conditions

GREENBUG damage severe in some sorghum fields in Kansas. (p. 393).
EUROPEAN CORN BORER damage expected on older corn in Illinois. (p. 394).
SORGHUM MIDGE may buildup in southern Texas on grain sorghum. (p. 394).
CUTWORMS damaging corn in Iowa and Nebraska, heavy in Georgia. (p. 394).

ALFALFA WEEVIL damage to alfalfa occurring in New York, Nevada, Utah, Maryland,
Missouri, New Mexico, and Ohio. (pp. 395-396).

A MEALYBUG and GRASS THRIPS required controls on timothy in Nevada. (p. 395).

THRIPS damaging cotton in Alabama; heavy in Texas, Tennessee, and Georgia.
@pe e398).

EUROPEAN APPLE SAWFLY larvae active and causing damage in Connecticut. (p. 400).
CODLING MOTH flights heavy in Utah. (p. 400).
A BITING MIDGE heavy and troublesome in California. {p. 403).

BLACK FLIES annoying in North Dakota, Iowa, and Rhode Island. (p. 403).

Detection

A DELPHACID PLANTHOPPER reported for the first time in United States.
@pei 395)

Other new State records include a LACE BUG from Maryland (p. 401), a DERMESTID
BEETLE from Indiana (p. 404), CEREAL LEAF BEETLE from New York (p. 405),
SCARABS from Missouri, Ohio, and Tennessee (p. 408).

For new county records see page 407.

Special Reports
Using Japanese Beetle Traps to Detect Other Coleoptera. (p. 408).

1968 Cereal Leaf Beetle Infestations and Oats Crop Loss Survey. (pp. 409-417).

Reports in this issue are for week ending May 30 unless otherwise indicated.

= oie)Ib

= 392) —

CONTENTS
Special Insects of Regtonale Sige nist 1 Cane :< «icici cs icleleleleielc wiloleieneleneletelenerelcl cl ctotcloloiohokerenstetoe.)
Insects Affecting
Corn, Sorghum, Sugarcane......cec0+ 394 CUGULDIES ove creisieretehels ekeleletereseneteneholeneoe,
Smad GratiinSverepaletietetsliogenc cloveleterelehevensieisne Dor General Vegetables......cc-cee+ 20399
Turf, Pastures, Rangeland......0...3990 Deciduous Fruits and Nuts...... .400
FOraAP es LEGUMES ieveiere cieretcucicicic/ cleicisseiererehe OOO: CTETUS Te cheicveietoreratatcheejeveheceiohouciejerensnene On
SOY: DEANS sratetolesousielateistercioevetelelel cverelehas ele Cll Sma PLUS craleletelsleieletioisteisveloretarsueners Onl
COELONs cterelsla le) ofeie! ehoisicreseselelsfejesoy oshelejore seo) 4 Ornamen Calis sercneietorsrel hetevadevevelepatMatene 401
SUSALDECTSeciceieleleleicleleteketelsicicicleleisieis se OOO Forest and Shade Trees..........402
Potatoes, Tomatoes, PepperS....2...398 Man; and WAnaimadsly cc cic veal evene'e/olkenehere Oo
BCans an GiePea'Saisweleneletelensuetcterslolelele w/sleies SOU. Households and Structures.......404
COME TCLOPS oieverelelcheterereiclolelelsheleKehsielo ile hI
Beneficial. Tnsecits ye eis Seis eleleneveye! olletalielacer a st otensialeteiolstubelicnsleveretetel cus svonsuer stsyenenehelen Enea OA.
Federal and State Plant, Protection Programs eieic.. cxee:sie 0c 0101 sie oe 0. cj osele,e-sdecelovejeiehekepenenci LOO
Hawaii, TNSeCity REPORT crc reneherets: aneteleyere «lieljeie cee) siiehers shensieieucierofohebeyeue) acted eveiueieeleisneuclocnehennehe nL OO
Insect, DETCEC COMI sp Hever siercls eicielieleretel ails\is/eis leis aleictefeleveveiere crs chesehoherete sheleveleleiel stexKeleloteleehe Reema OlG
biehit.Traps COMES CELONS sieve teens cle oie: ce, ch pi ekeveleleloleccier svecerorchedctekereveretolcRelieheeveketeedoletalcnen Rekeietenere OM,
COLTE CUVONS free cree) o1c's 0101s olcleseliele/ele) alreliatiey ove (olfeReheliatievolietiavialioneleNellereiieietenenel ol elieveven-nepof-Weh-a-felRee RoR: OL)
Using Japanese Beetle Traps to Detect Other Coleoptera........ceseeeeeeee+e oe - 408
1968 Cereal Leaf Beetle Infestations and Oats Crop LoSS Survey........-eeeee- - 409
Weather Bureau's: 30=Daiy Out Lookss ss. eters « 001c1 00 ec) ateXereseije\iclis) sioterie)/aiciel skojenshelexehotstenshereseneteReL ec,

Weather jof the? Week Ending JUNC 2255 21s crc. 0 sie oc.) cue leleiels lejleiclcneiorens) sheep eliore chelalehshetehohehol tet me G

= 393° -

SPECIAL INSECTS OF REGIONAL SIGNIFICANCE

ARMYWORM (Pseudaletia unipuncta) - MARYLAND - Infestations well below normal past
2 years. (U. Md., Ent. Dept.). NEBRASKA - Second and third instars ranged 2-3 per
60 sweeps on bromegrass pastures near Lincoln, Lancaster County. (Keith).
DELAWARE - Larvae in isolated barley fields throughout State. (Boys). ILLINOIS -
Populations unusually low. (Ill. Ins. Rpt.).

ASTER LEAFHOPPER (Macrosteles fascifrons) - NORTH DAKOTA - Adults up to 20 per
100 sweeps on Cass, Dickey, and Richland County rye. (Brandvik). WISCONSIN -
Populations erratic. Averaged 1 per 100 sweeps in oats in La Crosse, Trempealeau,
Vernon, and Waushara Counties. In Fond du Lac and Sheboygan Counties averaged 2
per 100 sweeps; one field in Grant County averaged 32 per 100 sweeps on May 23
compared to 8 per 100 sweeps on May 19. (Wis. Ins. Sur.). MINNESOTA - Varied
greatly in small grain and alfalfa; ranged from trace to 40 per 100 sweeps in
southeast and central districts. (Minn. Pest Rpt.).

BEET LEAFHOPPER (Circulifer tenellus) - UTAH - Remains light, averaged 2 in 50
sweeps on mustard and RuSSian-thistle and 1 on Atriplex in Bluff and Blanding
area of San Juan County and Moab area of Grand County. (Knowlton, May 28).

CORN EARWORM (Heliothis zea) - GEORGIA - Heavy in Terrell County corn (Locke) ;
moderate on corn in Worth County (Williams). Damaging snapdragon blooms in Tift
County. (Womack). ALABAMA - Larvae damaging rose buds in several locations.
Half-grown larvae feeding on 10 percent of leaf buds of dahlias in Lee County.
(Leeper et al.). ARKANSAS - Very little activity in southwestern area. In small
patch of sweet corn on experiment station at Hope, Hempstead County. Eggs 18 on
25 corn silks and one larva on 25 plants. Only 2 larvae in several hundred
sweeps of alfalfa and white clover in Hempstead and Lafayette Counties. (Boyer).

CORN LEAF APHID (Rhopalosiphum maidis) - TEXAS - Infesting Johnson grass in
Wilbarger County (Boring et al.); light on grain sorghum in Wilbarger and
McLennan Counties (Boring, Green). KANSAS - Ranged 5-30 per plant ir whorl in
all corn and sorghum fields examined in Sedgwick, Sumner, Butler, Cowley,
Chautauqua, Wilson, and Montgomery Counties. (Simpson). NEVADA - Generally
light, some heavy and scattered on barley at Fallon, Churchill County.
(Heringer).

GREENBUG (Schizaphis graminum) - MINNESOTA - About same as last period (5-15 per
100 sweeps) and presents no immediate problem to small grain in southeast and
central districts. (Minn. Pest Rpt.). NORTH DAKOTA - Winged forms on Cass County
rye for first time this season; 1 per 100 sweeps. (Brandvik). NEBRASKA - Remains
light in wheat in east and southeast districts. Ranged 0-8 per 20 sweeps in 9
fields in Gage, Jefferson, Saline, Lancaster, and Cass Counties. None detected
in 4 fields of grain sorghum in Lancaster and Cass Counties. (Keith). KANSAS -

In all planted and volunteer sorghum examined in Sedgwick, Sumner, Butler, Cowley,
Elk, Chautauqua, Montgomery, and Wilson Counties. Ranged from 1 to colonies of
10-40 per leaf. Many in whorls of plants. Infestation 100 percent in many fields.
Many fields (most plants 2-4 inches high) moderate to severe damage, particularly
in Chautauqua and Montgomery Counties. Many fields replanted. Treatment being
applied to most fields. Some indication of reinfestation occurring in fields
treated 7-10 days ago. Parasites and predators scarce. Greenbug reported in
sorghum in Chase, Republic, Haskell, Labette, Neosho, and Crawford Counties.
(Simpson). TEXAS - Light on grain sorghum and Johnson grass in Wilbarger County;
light to medium on grain sorghum in McLennan County. (Boring, Green). Also on
Johnson grass in Sherman, Moore, Potter, Swisher, Hale, Deaf Smith, and Castro
Counties. (Boring et al.). NEW MEXICO - None on seedling and volunteer sorghum
surveyed in Lea, Roosevelt, and Curry Counties May 13-14. Area had 3-7 inches of
rain and some hail previous weeks. Few found in small grains in Roosevelt and
Curry Counties. (Mathews et al., May 25).

- 394 -

POTATO LEAFHOPPER (Empoasca fabae) - INDIANA - First adults of season observed
on central area alfalfa May 20. (Huber). OHIO - Adults 3 per stem on research
potato fields at Marietta, Washington County. (Richter).

POTATO PSYLLID (Paratrioza cockerelli) - COLORADO - Adults 0-12 (some reports as
high as 20-60) per 100 sweeps of potatoes at La Salle and Gilcrest, Weld County.

Controls recommended. (Johnson, Urano).

SPOTTED ALFALFA APHID (Therioaphis maculata) - NEW MEXICO - Mostly light in
alfalfa in Quay, Roosevelt, Curry, and Chaves Counties. (Mathews, Nielsen).
Very light in all alfalfa in Virden Valley, Hidalgo County, week ending May 23\e
(Nielsen). Ranged 10-30 per 25 sweeps of alfalfa near Roswell, Chaves County.
(Mathews).

CORN, SORGHUM, SUGARCANE

EUROPEAN CORN BORER (Ostrinia nubilalis) - MINNESOTA - Pupation ranged 20-24
percent in southeast district. (Minn. Pest Rpt.). ILLINOIS - Emergence in

southern sections well advanced; egg laying underway with some hatch. In central
section pupation 75 percent and moths emerging. Pupating in northern section;

no emergence. Severe damage in more mature corn expected in northern one-half

to two-thirds of State from first-generation borers. (Ill. Ins. Rpt.). MARYLAND -
First larvae of season at Hurlock area. Light on 100 acres of corn; all first
instar. (U. Md., Ent. Dept.). DELAWARE - First instars present in early sweet corn
in Sussex County. Adults common in blacklight traps. (Burbutis).

CUTWORMS - WISCONSIN - Agrotis ipsilon (black cutworm) moderate on corn in
Waushara County. (Wis. Ins. Sur.). IOWA - A. ipsilon damaged 80 acres of corn
in Guthrie County. (Iowa Ins. Sur.). GEORGIA - Feltia subterranea (granulate
cutworm) heavy on seedling corn in Bartow County. (Holland). NEBRASKA - Euxoa
sp. destroyed 40 acres of corn near Stapleton, Logan County. Fourth instar to
full grown. (Hawley, May 25).

A WHITE GRUB (Phyllophaga rugosa) - ILLINOIS - In third year of cycle and injuring
occasional fields of corn and Soybeans in central section. (Ill. Ins. Rpt.).

YELLOW SUGARCANE APHID (Sipha flava) - TEXAS - Ranged up to 80 per plant on
Johnson grass in Wilbarger County; heavy in McLennan County. (Boring et al.).

SORGHUM MIDGE (Contarinia sorghicola) - TEXAS - Medium on volunteer grain
sorghum near Eagle Pass, Maverick County. Grain sorghum in Maverick County ready
to boot indicating possibility of buildup in southern areas. (Matthies).

A SLUG (Limax sp.) - OHIO - Damage heavy, about 75 percent, in cornfield in east-—
central Wayne County; corn about 3 inches tall. (Glass).

SMALL GRAINS

ENGLISH GRAIN APHID (Macrosiphum avenae) - WISCONSIN - Averaged 6 per 100 sweeps

in oats in Trempealeau, La Crosse, Vernon, Grant, and Dane Counties; none found

in Fond du Lac or Sheboygan Counties. (Wis. Ins. Sur.). MINNESOTA - No change

from previous report; presents no immediate problem to small grain in southeast

and central districts. (Minn. Pest Rpt.). NORTH DAKOTA - Alatae and apterae 10-20
(averaged 17) per 100 sweeps in headed rye in Cass, Richland, and Sargent Counties.
Slight increase from 2 weeks ago. (Brandvik). NEBRASKA - Ranged 15-42 (averaged 26)
per 20 sweeps in 9 wheatfields in Gage, Saline, Jefferson, Lancaster, and Cass
Counties. (Keith).

MEADOW SPITTLEBUG (Philaenus spumarius) - VIRGINIA - Nymphs up to 5 per 100 feet
of barley in Lee County, medium in Stafford County (Fulk, Poyner, May 26); light
on barley and narrowleaf vetch in Nottoway County, light in Lunenburg County,
light on wheat in Dinwiddie County (Perry, May 22); adults in Washington,
Charlotte, and Montgomery Counties (W.A. Allen, Rose, May 28).

= 395 -

BARLEY THRIPS (Limothrips denticornis) - NORTH DAKOTA - Overwintering adults
migrated into headed rye; ranged up to 1,500 (averaged 800) per 100 sweeps in
Cass, Richland, and Sargent Counties. (Brandvik).

A THRIPS (Rhipidothrips gratiosus) - CALIFORNIA - Heavy on oat plantings in
Knights Landing, Yolo County. (Cal. Coop. Rpt.).

TURF, PASTURES, RANGELAND

A DELPHACID PLANTHOPPER (Delphacodes nigrifacies Muir) - FLORIDA - Adults on
Bahia grass, Paspalum notatum, at Belle Glade, Palm Beach County. Collected by
W.G. Genung June 27, 1966. Determined by J.P. Kramer. This is a new United
States record. (Fla. Coop. Sur.). This neotropical species is recorded from

Costa Rica, Guyana, and Martinique. (PPC).

BRONZED CUTWORM (Nephelodes emmedonius) - IOWA - Larvae damaged bluegrass pasture
in Decatur County. Ranged 4-5 brown spots per square foot of sod. Also reported at
Ottumwa, Wapello County. (Iowa Ins. Sur.).

A WHITE GRUB (Phyllophaga anxia) - NEBRASKA - Larvae ranged 40-109 (averaged 75)
per square yard 1m wet meadow pastures in Cherry County. (Berberet, Landers).

A MEALYBUG (Heterococcus pulverarius) - NEVADA - This species and Anaphothrips
obscurus (grass thrips) required controls on 150+ acres of timothy in Smith
Valley, Lyon County. Mealybug heavier in some fields, thrips in others.
(Batchelder).

FORAGE LEGUMES

ALFALFA WEEVIL (Hypera postica) - MASSACHUSETTS - Adults 13.6 and larvae 38.8
per 100 sweeps in 5 Hampshire County alfalfa fields May 21. (Miller). NEW YORK -
Tip damage in Broome County increased from 1 to 20 percent May 16-23 on river
flat alfalfa; ranged 1-5 percent at higher elevations. Larval feeding injury and
many egg masses in some fields in Livingston County. Activity similar to 1968;
if trend continues peak activity expected June 6-10. (N.Y. Wkly. Rpt., May 26).
NEW JERSEY - Larvae ranged 1,300-3,300 per 100 sweeps (average 2,600) in 3
alfalfa fields, with 55-95 percent tip injury in southern areas May 27. (Ins.-
Dis. Newsltr.). MARYLAND - Several fields showing heavy stubble injury on second
growth; pupation underway throughout State. (U. Md., Ent. Dept.). OHIO - Feeding
damage in untreated fields nearly 100 percent in southeastern area and Wayne and
Medina Counties; usually less than 50 percent in treated fields. Adults 10-12
per 25 sweeps in southeastern area; larvae of this and H. punctata (clover leaf
weevil) 3-6 per tip. (Glass, Thoburn). MICHIGAN - Sample counts per 200 sweeps
by county as follows: Berrien 31, Kalamazoo 28, Calhoun 44, Muskegon 17, Kent
12, Ionia 31, Livingston 48. (Newman, May 26). INDIANA - Immediate control
measures or first cutting warranted throughout northern half of State. In
general, terminal feeding visible on 50-100 percent of alfalfa in eastern half
of northern areas, 15-40 percent in western half. Alfalfa 17-23 inches high and
just beginning to bud. Larvae per stem ranged 1-8 in northeast and east-central
districts; 0-4 in west-central and northwest districts; 0-6 in central area

week ending May 23. (Huber). ILLINOIS - Decreasing in southern sections. Treatment
still needed in many fields of second-crop alfalfa in area. Leveling off in
central section; need for treatment will continue for another 2 weeks in some
fields. (I11. Ins. Rpt.). MISSOURI - Damage remains evident on untreated alfalfa
in central and east-central areas; pupation passed 50 percent. Collected in
Johnson and Lafayette Counties for new county records. (Munson). MISSISSIPPI -
Larvae decreased. Larval average per 20 stems by county: Marshall 2.5, Pontotoc
1.5, Oktibbeha 0. (Dinkins). ARKANSAS - Reported for first time in Yell County;
probably present since 1967. Activity practically over for year in southwest
area. Only adults and one larva found in several hundred sweeps of Lafayette
County alfalfa. (Boyer). NEW MEXICO - Damage very noticeable in alfalfa in
Corrales area, Sandoval County. Averaged 1-3 adults and 50-100+ larvae per 25
sweeps. (Heninger, May 23). Damage very noticeable in alfalfa at Albuquerque,

— 30 OM

Bernalillo County; adults 0-2 per 25 sweeps and larvae 150+ per 25 sweeps.
(Heninger). COLORADO - Increased rapidly on alfalfa in northeastern area and on
Western Slope. Larvae 200-650 (average 400) per 100 sweeps. Adults 40-100 per

100 sweeps. (Johnson, Rothman). UTAH - Alfalfa weevil generally light in Blanding
and Monticello area alfalfa, severely damaging one large field at Bluff, San Juan
County; larvae ranged 1,000-3,000+ per 10 sweeps, adults averaged 3 per 10 sweeps.
Fields damaged and gray at Green River, Emery County. (Knowlton, May 22).
Development slow in Cache County. At Huntington, Emery County, averaged 4 adults
and 5 larvae per 10 sweeps. Fields graying from weevil damage at Moab, Grand
County. (Davis, Knowlton). Damage occuring at Kanab, Kane County. (Lindsay).
NEVADA - Larvae and damage continue to increase in west-central counties where
spraying underway; heavily damaged fields appear gray-white. Larvae per sweep by
county: Churchill 80-200, Lyon 40-150, Pershing 75-225, and southern Washoe
60-200. (Adams et al.).

CLOVER HEAD WEEVIL (Hypera meles) - MISSOURI - Adults collected from alsike clover
in Johnson County for new county record. (Munson).

LESSER CLOVER LEAF WEEVIL (Hypera nigrirostris) - NEBRASKA - Adults averaged 10
per 60 sweeps in 2 Saunders and Sarpy County red clover fields. (Keith).
ILLINOIS - Damage reported from one field of red clover in central section.
Gide Sins pit.) ve

CLOVER LEAF WEEVIL (Hypera punctata) - NEBRASKA - Larvae averaged 5 per 60 sweeps
in 2 red clover fields in Saunders and Sarpy Counties. (Keith). WISCONSIN -
Larvae in alfalfa averaged 5 per 100 sweeps. (Wis. Ins. Sur.).

CLOVER SEED WEEVIL (Miccotrogus picirostris) - MISSOURI - Adults collected from
alsike and white clovers in Cooper, Johnson, Saline, and Pettis Counties. These
are new county records. (Munson).

WEEVILS (Sitona spp.) - MASSACHUSETTS - S. hispidulus (clover root curculio)
averaged 7.4 per 100 sweeps in 5 Hampshire County alfalfa fields May 21. (Miller).
WISCONSIN - S. scissifrons apparently increasing in alfalfa in State. Generally
ranged 3-100 per 100 Sweeps depending upon stand and time of day. (Wis. Ins.
Sur.). NORTH DAKOTA - S. cylindricollis (Ssweetclover weevil) adults up to 250
(averaged 90) per 100 Sweeps in 8 to 18-inch sweetclover in Sargent and Dickey
Counties. In heavily infested fields all plants less than 1 percent defoliated.
(Brandvik).

PEA APHID (Acyrthosiphon pisum) - ALABAMA - Remains severe on untreated Caley
peas and vetch on rangeland in Marengo County. (Miller). MASSACHUSETTS - Averaged
20.8 per 100 sweeps in 5 Hampshire County alfalfa fields May 21. (Miller).
WISCONSIN - Averaged 10 per sweep in La Crosse, Trempealeau, and Vernon Counties,
3 per sweep in Fond du Lac County; ranged 1-25 per sweep in Grant, Crawford, and
Dane Counties. Variation marked in former counties where tenfold increase
occurred in some fields and 30 percent reduction in others. Much variation
attributed to parasites. Winged forms remain low; ranged 1-5 percent. (Wis. Ins.
Sur.). MINNESOTA - Ranged 150-500 per 100 sweeps in-sSoutheast and central
districts. None moved to peas. Lacewings present in alfalfa but nabids still most
numerous predator. (Minn. Pest Rpt.). NEBRASKA - Ranged 55-230 (averaged about
75) per 20 sweeps in 4 alfalfa fields in Thurston, Jefferson, Saline, and
Lancaster Counties. Averaged 350 per 60 sweeps in 2 red clover fields in Saunders
and Sarpy Counties. (Keith). COLORADO - Ranged 50-2,000 per 100 sweeps of alfalfa
throughout northeastern area and on Western Slope. (Johnson). UTAH - Ranged 5-25
per 10 sweeps in alfalfa at Blanding and Bluff, San Juan County. (Knowlton, May
22). NEVADA - Ranged 10-30 per sweep in Smith Valley, Lyon County. (Batchelder).
OREGON - Averaged 8 per 100 sweeps in uncut alfalfa in Benton County through
first 2 weeks in May. Lady beetle adults in same field averaged 19 per 100
sweeps. (Dickason).

SOM nee

MEADOW SPITTLEBUG (Philaenus spumarius) - NEW YORK - Numerous on flatland and
becoming serious on upland trefoil in Broome County. (N.Y. Wkly. Rpt., May 26).
OHIO - Adults should appear in clover in southern area next 7-10 days. Young
adults 10 per sweep in Athens County clover field. (Richter). WISCONSIN -
Spittle masses noticeable but not numerous in alfalfa in western Fond du Lac
County; very scarce in eastern part of county and in Sheboygan and Ozaukee
Counties. Much more common in Crawford, Vernon, Grant, Dane, and Trempealeau
Counties; stem counts of 5 per 10 stems not uncommon, (Wis. Ins. Sur.). OREGON -
Very abundant in Willamette Valley. Nymphs on wide variety of crops. (Fisher).

EUROPEAN CLOVER LEAF TIER (Mirificarma formosella) - CALIFORNIA - Catches in
traps placed in clover at Lincoln, Placer County: Pink bollworm sex lure 40
males, 3 females; blacklight 29 males, 26 females; ammonium carbonate 45 males,
12 females; unbaited sticky trap 15 males, 2 females. (Cal. Coop. Rpt.).

PLANT BUGS - NEW MEXICO - Lygus spp. adults and nymphs averaged 20-70 per 25
sweeps in alfalfa in Arch area, Roosevelt County. (Nielsen). In Corrales area,
Sandoval County, adults 3-5, nymphs 10-25 per 25 sweeps. (Heninger, May 23).
Currently 5-25 per 25 sweeps in alfalfa near Albuquerque, Bernalillo County,

and Jarrales, Valencia County. (Heninger). Averaged 15-25 per 25 sweeps in

alfalfa in Roswell, Chaves County. (Mathews). UTAH - Lygus spp. adults 2-8 per

10 sweeps on alfalfa at Bluff and Blanding, San Juan County; nymphs numerous.

Some Adelphocoris superbus (superb plant bug) nymphs present. (Knowlton, May 22).
Lygus spp. averaged 10 adults and 12 nymphs in 10 sweeps in alfalfa at Green
River, Emery County. (Knowlton, May 28). NEBRASKA - A. lineolatus (alfalfa plant
bug) nymphs ranged 1-47 per 20 sweeps in 4 alfalfa fields in Thurston, Jefferson,
Saline, and Lancaster Counties. (Keith). MINNESOTA - Mixed populations of A.
lineolatus and A. rapidus (rapid plant bug) hatching in high numbers in southeast
and central districts. Counts of 200-600 per 100 sweeps common. (Minn. Pest Rpt.).
OHIO - Adults of Leptopterna dolabrata (meadow plant bug) and Capsus ater (a plant
bug) building up in clover and clover-alfalfa fields. L. dolabrata averaging 1 per
sweep and C. ater 1 per 5 sweeps in Jackson County. L. ~dolabrata about 10 per 25
sweeps in Southeastern area. (Richter). MASSACHUSETTS - Lygus Tineolaris
(tarnished plant bug) averaged 13.6 per 100 sweeps in 5 Hampshire County alfalfa
fields May 21. (Miller).

THREE-CORNERED ALFALFA HOPPER (Spissistilus festinus) - NEW MEXICO - Counts per
25 sweeps in alfalfa ranged 8-22 adults in Arch area, Roosevelt County, and 2-12
in Virden Valley. Counts highest in recently cut fields. (Nielsen, May 23).

SOYBEANS

BEAN LEAF BEETLE (Cerotoma trifurcata) - MISSISSIPPI - Heavy on Lee soybeans in
Oktibbeha County. About 8 per row foot in one-acre field. (Kincade).

COTTON

BOLL WEEVIL (Anthonomus grandis) - GEORGIA - In 15 traps 75 overwintered adults
caught; ranged 0-5 in 300 row feet in Randolph County. (Womack). Overwintered
adults taken in 3 traps in Spalding County. (Beckham). ALABAMA - High numbers of
weevils emerging from hibernation and feeding on buds of 2 to 9-leaf cotton in
south and central areas. Total live weevil counts by county as follows: Autauga
5,550 (Scott), Henry 1,870 (Hartzog), Monroe 100 (Gamble), Covington 2,800 (Pike),
Limestone 0 (Burton). In 1 of 5 traps on 1 farm 7 recovered in Limestone and
Madison Counties dipause control experimental area. No weevils in other 31 traps
in area. (Gilliland et al.). TENNESSEE - First overwintered weevils found on
terminal buds of cotton in western area. (Locke). MISSISSIPPI - In 28 sex lure
traps 25 weevils collected; total to date 216 in delta counties. (Pfrimmer et
al.). Live weevils in 2 of 12 fields checked in Yazoo County. (Dinkins).

LOUISIANA - In Madison Parish locations near hibernation sites 23 weevils collectec
from 17 traps; total to date 449. On isolated island in Mississippi River 58
weevils recovered from 145 winged traps; total to date 1,764. From 10 winged traps
near hibernation sites checked daily recovered 32 weevils; total to date 87. Total
for all winged traps 2,321 weevils. (Cleveland et al.). TEXAS - Heavy numbers

= hehe},

building up near hibernation areas in Nueces, Jim Wells, San Patricio, Bee, and
Live Oak Counties. (Deer, Turney). In McLennan and Falls Counties averaged 70 per
acre (1,000 maximum) in 15 of 35 untreated fields. Averaged 38 per acre (125
maximum) in 5 of 16 treated fields. On flight screens 1 weevil collected; total
to date 67. At McLennan County hibernation sites 16 weevils in 21 wing traps;
total to date 1,022. (Cowan et al.).

BOLLWORMS (Heliothis spp.) - TEXAS - Eggs and/or larvae collected on native hosts
in McLennan and Falls Counties; 26 larvae previously collected from native hosts
identified as H. zea. One larva identified as H. virescens. Total from all hosts
to date 210 H. zea and 3 H. virescens. One H. zea collected on cotton. (Cowan et
al.). H. zea and H. virescens feeding on terminals and young squares in most
areas Of Rio Grande Valley, no large larvae detected. (Deer). MISSISSIPPI - In

70 sex lure traps collected 244 moths; total to date 1,250 in delta counties.
(Pfrimmer et al.).

COTTON APHID (Aphis gossypii) - ALABAMA - Damaging unprotected young presSquare
cotton in Geneva, Colbert, and Bibb Counties. (Reynolds et al.). TEXAS - In
McLennan and Falls Counties light in 6 of 25 treated fields; light in 19, medium
in 3 of 25 untreated fields. (Cowan et al.). Light in Hill County and light to
heavy in Falls and McLennan Counties. (Turney).

THRIPS - TEXAS - Increased in Blacklands. Light to medium in Hill County. Light
to heavy in Falls and McLennan Counties. (Turney, Deer). Light in 5 of 25

treated McLennan and Falls Counties fields; in 25 untreated fields light in 13,
medium in 4, and heavy in 2. (Cowan et al.). MISSISSIPPI - Infestations reduced
in Yazoo County. Most fields passed damage stage. (Dinkins). TENNESSEE - Heavier
in all cotton growing areas than week ending May 23. Controls in order in most
areas. (Locke). GEORGIA - Moderate to heavy on young cotton over southern area.
(Womack). ALABAMA - Frankliniella fusca (tobacco thrips) and other thrips present
in most all cotton not protected throughout State; severe damage widespread in
Geneva County. (Reynolds et al.).

SPIDER MITES (Tetranychus spp.) - MISSISSIPPI - Heavy in scattered areas; some
defoliation reported in delta counties. (Pfrimmer et al.).

SUGARBEETS

SUGAR-BEET ROOT MAGGOT (Tetanops myopaeformis) - COLORADO — Adult numbers peaked
in Weld County area week of May 19-23. (Hamp).

SPINACH LEAF MINER (Pegomya hyoscyami) - COLORADO - Eggs and larvae numerous in
Weld County fields. Larvae appearing in Morgan, Logan, and Sedgwick Counties.
(Johnson).

POTATOES, TOMATOES, PEPPERS

COLORADO POTATO BEETLE (Leptinotarsa decemlineata) - RHODE ISLAND - Adults active
in small numbers in Washington County on May 26. (Kerr). VIRGINIA - Damage heavier
than usual in Pittsylvania County. (Dominick). TENNESSEE - Heavy across State;
controls applied. (Quillin). COLORADO - Adults and eggs, no larvae, in potato
fields at La Salle and Gilcrest, Weld County. Adults ranged 2-14 (average 2-3)

per 50 row feet. (Johnson).

POTATO FLEA BEETLE (Epitrix cucumeris) - OHIO - Adults heavy on potatoes at
Marietta, Washington County; older leaves showing 50 percent damage throughout
field. (Richter). RHODE ISLAND - Adults active in small numbers in Washington
County. (Kerr).

BLACK CUTWORM (Agrotis ipsilon) - WISCONSIN - Damaging marginal 2-3 rows of
commercial potatoes in Spring Green, Sauk County. (Wis. Ins. Sur.).

> Sey

BEANS AND PEAS

BEAN LEAF BEETLE (Cerotoma trifurcata) - MARYLAND - Ranged 2-3 per 10 feet of row
in 80 acres of snap beans near Vienna, Dorchester County. (U. Md., Ent. Dept.).

MEXICAN BEAN BEETLE (Epilachna varivestis) - DELAWARE - First adults of season on
string beans in Sussex County. (Burbutis).

PEA APHID (Acyrthosiphon pisum) - DELAWARE - Generally increased in all areas; 25

per 10 sweeps. (Burbutis).
COLE CROPS

CABBAGE LOOPER (Trichoplusia ni) - GEORGIA - Moderate to heavy on collards and
cabbage in Tift County. (Womack).

IMPORTED CABBAGEWORM (Pieris rapae) - GEORGIA - Moderate to heavy on collards and
cabbage in Tift County. (Womack).

CUCURBITS

STRIPED CUCUMBER BEETLE (Acalymma vittatum) - MARYLAND - Adults feeding on
cucumbers and causing light damage to 7O-acre planting near Rhodesdale,
Dorchester County. (U. Md., Ent. Dept.).

GENERAL VEGETABLES

ASPARAGUS BEETLES (Crioceris spp.) - WASHINGTON - C. asparagi (asparagus beetle)
and C. duodecimpunctata (Spotted asparagus beetle) adults active at Pullman,
Whitman County. (Johansen). OHIO - All stages of C. asparagi reported in Scioto
County May 20, in Jackson County May 27, and in Cuyahoga County May 22. (Richter).
VIRGINIA - C. asparagi adults light on asparagus in Prince Edward County. (Perry,
May 22).

ONION MAGGOT (Hylemya antiqua) - NEW JERSEY - Recovered 1,115 specimens on 4
sticky boards at Cedarville, Cumberland County, May 20-27. (Ins.-Dis. Newsltr.).
COLORADO - Eggs and larvae in onion field at Fort Lupton, Weld County. (Johnson).

SWEETPOTATO FLEA BEETLE (Chaetocnema confinis) - MARYLAND - Adults remain active
in newly set fields in Wicomico County. Ranged 1-6 per 10 plants. (U. Md., Ent.
Dept.).

- 400 -

DECIDUOUS FRUITS AND NUTS

CODLING MOTH (Laspeyresia pomonella) - WASHINGTON - First larval entry in Yakima
County pears at Parker Heights May 21, 4 days earlier than 1968, and at Selah
May 23. In pears at Naches May 26, on crab apple at Yakima May 24, and on
Delicious apples May 25. (Gregorich et al.). UTAH - Flight heavy March 23-25 at
Logan, Cache County. (Davis). Started about 7 days earlier in Box Elder and Utah
Counties. (Barlow et al.). COLORADO - Adults in Mesa County traps May 12-13.

As high as 150 per sex trap in 3 days at Clifton, Mesa County; most traps caught
5-30 moths. In traps in Delta, Montrose, and Garfield Counties; most caught

1-10 moths in 5 days. (Bulla). WISCONSIN - First of season May 27 in blacklight
trap at Madison, Dane County. (Wis. Ins. Sur.). NEW JERSEY - Found 28 May 27 at
Glassboro, Gloucester County. (Ins.-Dis. Newsltr.).

ORIENTAL FRUIT MOTH (Grapholitha molesta) - NEW JERSEY - Caught 4 in trap May
20-27 at Glassboro, Gloucester County. (Ins.-Dis. Newsltr.). WASHINGTON - First
full-grown larva May 22 at Parker, Yakima County. (Johnson).

A CARPOSINID MOTH (Bondia commonana) - CALIFORNIA - Larvae medium in prune limbs
at Chico, Butte County. (Cal. Coop. Rpt.).

PLUM CURCULIO (Conotrachelus nenuphar) - CONNECTICUT - On apples at New Haven,
New Haven County, and East Lyme, New London County. (Kollas, May 27). WISCONSIN -
Active for several weeks but first specimen of season in blacklight trap May 27
at Madison, Dane County. (Wis. Ins. Sur):

SHOT-HOLE BORER (Scolytus rugulosus) - WASHINGTON - First adults on cherry May 21
at Naches, Yakima County. (Johnson).

EUROPEAN APPLE SAWFLY (Hoplocampa teStudinea) - CONNECTICUT - Larvae very active
in several locations; injured apple fruits. Damage: severe in unsprayed orchard at
Storrs, Tolland County; damaged up to 20 percent of fruit. (Kollas, May 27).

APHIDS - CALIFORNIA - Dysaphis plantaginea (rosy apple aphid) nymphs and adults
medium on apple trees generally at RoSeville and Lincoln, Placer County. (Cal.
Coop. Rpt.). WASHINGTON - Rhopalosiphum fitchii (apple grain aphid) flights

heavy in all north-central apple areas. (RuShmore). COLORADO - Winged D.
plantaginea in colonies on apple May 20. Colonies 10-20 per unsprayed Tree; low
where dormant and delayed dormant sprays used. (Bulla). MARYLAND - Myzus persicae
(green peach aphid) curling some terminal leaves in Several peach orchards in
Montgomery and Washington County areas. (U. Md., Ent. Dept.).

WHITE APPLE LEAFHOPPER (Typhlocyba pomaria) - MICHIGAN - Nymphs active in Van
Buren and Berrien Counties. Controls recommened. (Thompson, May 12).

A CHERRY FRUIT FLY (Rhagoletis indifferens) - OREGON - Adults emerged May 25
in Marion County. (RaSmussen). WASHINGTON - First adult caught in ammonium
carbonate trap on Cherry Hill 3 days later than last year at Granger, Yakima
County. (Johnson).

SPIDER MITES - CALIFORNIA - Bryobia rubrioculus medium on apple trees at
Healdsburg, Sonoma County. (Cal. Coop. Rpt.). MARYLAND - Panonychus ulmi
(European red mite) increasing to moderate levels at Hancock, WaShington
County. Several growers will need to spray. (U. Md., Ent. Dept.). CONNECTICUT -
P. ulmi scarce on apples in most areas. (Kollas, May 27).

FILBERT APHID (Myzocallis coryli) - OREGON - Increasing in Williamette Valley
orchards. Numbers generally less this season. (Every).

- 401 -

CITRUS

ARMORED SCALES - FLORIDA - Unaspis citri adults scattered on 375 of 1,500 mixed
citrus trees in nursery May 15 and 212.5 of 850 grapefruit trees in another
nursery May 16 at Windermere, Orange County. Nursery with infested orange trees
quarantined May 22 at Lake Wilson, Osceola County. (Ware). CALIFORNIA -
Aonidiella aurantii (California red scale) heavy generally on dooryard citrus at
Lincoln, Placer County. (Cal. Coop. Rpt.).

CITRUS RED MITE (Panonychus citri) - CALIFORNIA - Medium on orange trees at Santa
Barbara, Santa Barbara County. (Cal. Coop. Rpt.).

SMALL FRUITS

GARDEN SYMPHYLAN (Scutigerella immaculata) - WASHINGTON - Infested ripe straw-
berries; potential contaminant of processed berries at Vancouver, Clark County.
(Shanks).

ORNAMENTALS

A LACE BUG (Stephanitis takeyai Drake and Maa) - MARYLAND - This lace bug is here
reported for the first time in the State. Several small colonies of last instar
nymphs were observed about mid-October 1968 on the lower leaves of a variety of
deciduous azalea, Rhododendron molle, near Chevy Chase, Montgomery County. On
October 29 of the Same year, 26 adults were collected. Thirteen of these were
identified by E.J. Hambleton as S. takeyai and the remaining 8 as S. pyrioides
Scott (azalea lace bug). A third species Known to occur in the area, 5S.
rhododendri Horvath (rhododendron lace bug), was not observed in 1968. Feeding
injury by lace bugs was noticeable last year on Pieris japonica, but it was

too late in the season for further insect activity. On May 18, 1969, the same
evergreen Shrubs were examined and found infested with S. takeyai. More than 30
adults and numerous nymphs were taken, particularly on foliage of the lower

half of the shrubs. Much foliage had already been seriously damaged. The
appearance of first-brood lace bugs in numbers at this time may well indicate the
potential of S. takeyai as an important pest of andromeda and azalea in this
area. S. takeyai iS a native of Japan and also occurs in India. In the United
States the Species was first reported from the New England area where it is now
established in Connecticut, New Jersey, and Rhode Island. (Hambleton).

A PLANT BUG (Calocoris norvegicus) - CALIFORNIA - Recorded in Contra Costa, San
Joaquin, Butte, and Humboldt Counties; insignificant until May 1969. Found in
Placer County on grape and in Sacramento County on pear and roses. Single records
of pear and grape may be insignificant but 5 records on roses from Sacramento
area seem to substantiate valid host record. Economic potential not known. (Cal.
Coop. Rpt.). .

AN ARMORED SCALE (Pseudaonidia clavigera) - FLORIDA - Adults light on 160 of 200
camellia plants May 20 in nursery at Tampa, Hillsborough County; adults infested
plants of~bottlebrush, Callistemon sp., May 20 in nursery at Tampa (Simmons)

for a new Division of Plant Industry host record (Fla. Coop. Sur.).

BLACK CITRUS APHID (Toxoptera aurantii) - CALIFORNIA - Medium on camellia plants
at Lincoln, Placer County, and Sacramento, Sacramento County. Appears more
prevalent on camellias this season. (Cal. Coop. Rpt.).

BLACK VINE WEEVIL (Brachyrhinus sulcatus) - OHIO - Larvae heavy on Taxus near
Westlake, Cuyahoga County; one pupa. Loss 50 percent in liner bed of 2,000
plants. (Walker). Half of weevils on Taxus in Lake County and three-fourths in
Wayne County in prepupal and pupal stages. (Campbell).

SPRUCE SPIDER MITE (Oligonychus ununguis) - NEVADA - Heavy numbers and damage
on ornamental juniper at Reno and Sparks area, Washoe County. (Nev. Coop. Rpt.).

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AN ERIOPHYID MITE (Aculus ligustri) - CALIFORNIA - Heavy on privet hedges at San
Jose, Santa, Clara,Countym ((Calemcoop. Rpt.)..

FOREST AND SHADE TREES
JACK-PINE BUDWORM (Choristoneura pinus) - MINNESOTA - Most second instars emerged

from dormancy and feeding in Staminate flowers of jack pine in central and east-
central areas. (Minn. Pest Rpt.).

RED TURPENTINE BEETLE (Dendroctonus valens) - WASHINGTON - In flight at Lake
Wenatchee, Leavenworth, Chelan County. (Rushmore).

CONIFER SAWFLIES (Neodiprion spp.) - WEST VIRGINIA - N. pratti pratti heavy on
pitch pine over 2-Square mile area in Lincoln County May 23. Heavy on pitch and
Virginia pines in Cabwaylingo State Forest, Wayne County, May 27. Infested
Virginia pine in Kanawha State Forest, Kanawha County, May 27. These are new
county records. (W. Va. Ins. Sur.). MINNESOTA - N. pratti banksianae (jack-pine
sawfly) first and second instars in central area. (Minn. Pest Rpt.).

PINE NEEDLE SCALE (Phenacaspis pinifoliae) - CALIFORNIA - Medium on pines at
Healdsburg, Sonoma County. Has increased and become problem in several widely
separated areas past year. (Cal. Coop. Rpt.).

SPRING CANKERWORM (Paleacrita vernata) - MINNESOTA - Larvae caused heavy
defoliation in some Sections of Minneapolis and Saint Paul area on American and
Chinese elms; noted on ash. Defoliation occurred in northern suburbs of Arden
Hills, New Brighton, Mounds View, and Blaine. (Minn. Pest Rpt.).

ELM LEAF BEETLE (Pyrrhalta luteola) - NEVADA - Larval damage becoming evident
on elms in west-central counties. (Nev. Coop. Rpt.). UTAH - Egg laying began
May 5 at Kanab, Kane County; 50 trees sprayed. Damaged elm foliage at Bluff,
San Juan County, and Green River, Emery County; largest larvae third grown.
(Knowlton, May 22). NEW MEXICO - Adults heavy May 23 on Siberian elms at
Jarrales, Valencia County; egg laying beginning. Skeletonizing foliage of
Siberian elms at Los Lunas, Valencia County, and Corrales, Sandoval County.
(Heninger). Damaging Siberian elms at Ft. Sumner, De Baca County. (Mathews).
IOWA - Larvae active on Siberian elms at Ottumwa, Wapello County. (Iowa Ins.
Sure).

A LEAF-MINING WEEVIL (Odontopus calceatus) - OHIO - Adults on yellow-poplars in
Gallia, Guernsey, and Harrison Counties. (Richter).

PERIODICAL CICADA (Magicicada septendecim) - VIRGINIA - Medium and spotted in
Henry County (Saucier, Jones, May 22); heavy locally at Staunton, Augusta County
(Davis, May 23); medium, spotted in Washington County (Saunders). WEST VIRGINIA -
First specimen May 19. Heavy in Fayette and Raleigh Counties May 25 and in
Greenbrier County. (W. Va. Ins. Sur.).

APHIDS - CALIFORNIA - Pterocomma smithiae heavy on quaking aspen nursery stock
at Bishop, Inyo County. Aphis craccivora (cowpea aphid) heavy on honeylocust
trees at Marysville, Yuba County, and at Sacramento, Sacramento County; light to
medium on wiStaria at Redding, Shasta County. (Cal. Coop. Rpt.). NEVADA - A.
craccivora continues heavy on honeylocusts, especially flowers and new growth,
in Churchill County; moderate at Fernley, Lyon County. (Heringer). ALABAMA -
Prociphilus tessellatus (woolly alder aphid) heavy on isolated maples on lawns
and streets in Morgan, Choctaw, and Lee Counties. (Rutledge, Mathews, et al.).
OHIO - Longistigma caryae (giant bark aphid) heavy on Franklin County linden.
(Davidson eae

OYSTERSHELL SCALE (Lepidosaphes ulmi) - CALIFORNIA - Heavy on willows at
Healdsburg, Sonoma County. (Cal. Coop. Rpt.).

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MAN AND ANIMALS

SCREW-WORM (Cochliomyia hominivorax) - Total of 13 cases reported in U.S.

May 25-31 as follows: TEXAS - Bee 1, Frio 2, Hidalgo 2, Jim Hogg 1, Irion 1,
Karnes 1, Uvalde 1, Webb 2; ARIZONA - Cochise 1; CALIFORNIA - Imperial 1.

Total of 207 cases reported in portion of Barrier Zone in Republic of Mexico May
18-24 as follows: Sonora 110, Chihuahua 61, Coahuila 12, Nuevo Leon 6,
Tamaulipas 18. Total of 3 cases reported in Mexico south of Barrier Zone. Barrier
Zone is area where eradication operation underway to prevent establishment of
self-sustaining population in U.S. Sterile screw-worm flies released: Texas
71,448,000; New Mexico 1,800,000; Arizona 6,220,000; California 550,000; Mexico
85,690,000. (Anim. Health Div.).

FACE FLY (Musca autumnalis) - OHIO - Adults low on Holsteins at Wooster, Wayne
County. (Lang). ILLINOIS - Counts per head by section: South-central 2, central
8.6, and north-central 2.7. (Ill. Ins. Rpt.). WASHINGTON - Ranged 4-5 per head
on cattle May 23 at Pullman, Whitman County. (Telford).

HORN FLY (Haematobia irritans) - GEORGIA - Averaged 500-2,000 per head on
untreated beef and dairy cattle over State. (Nolan). ALABAMA - Heavy on
unprotected Mobile County cattle. (Vickery). OHIO - Low on Holsteins at Wooster,
Wayne County. (Lang). ILLINOIS - Counts per head by section: Southern 36, south-
central 69, central 27, and north-central 25. (Ill. Ins. Rpt.). UTAH - Becoming
numerous in some San Juan, Grand, and Emery County beef herds. (Knowlton, May 28).
WASHINGTON - Generally low, less than 10 per head on cows but 50 or more on
bulls May 23 at Pullman, Whitman County. (Telford).

STABLE FLY (Stomoxys calcitrans) - ILLINOIS - Counts per head by section: South-
central 1.9, central 7.0, and north-central 9.0. (Ill. Ins. Rpt.). GEORGIA -
Annoying untreated beef and dairy cattle over State. (Nolan).

A BITING MIDGE (Leptoconops torrens) - CALIFORNIA - Unusually heavy numbers a
nuisance at Sacramento, Sacramento County, and Davis, Yolo County. Severe in
some outlying areas; field workers leaving work areas. Repellents not
effective. (Cal. Coop. Rpt.).

BLACK FLIES (Simulium spp.) - NORTH DAKOTA - S. venustum adult numbers and
annoyance continue along Sheyenne River in Cass County. Several thousand per
animal still evident on horses. Animals showing effects of this annoyance which
started month ago. (Brandvik). IOWA - Simulium sp. severely annoying at Clinton,
Clinton County. (Iowa Ins. Sur.). RHODE ISLAND - Simulium spp. biting heavily
near Streams Statewide. (Field, May 21).

MOSQUITOES - CALIFORNIA - Culex tarsalis and other mosquitoes more annoying than
usual. (Cal. Coop. Rpt.). NEW MEXICO - Probably Aedes vexans very abundant in
alfalfa fields and along river in eastern Valencia County. (Heninger). GEORGIA -
Salt-marsh mosquitoes annoying residents along eastern seaboard. (Snoddy,
Nolan). RHODE ISLAND - Aedes sp. adults biting in Washington County. (Field,

May 26).

CATTLE LICE - UTAH - Heaviest in years in Rich County beef herds. (Olson,
Knowlton, May 28). Moderate on many beef herds in Kane and Garfield County area.
(Lindsay, Knowlton, May 28).

HARD-BACKED TICKS - WEST VIRGINIA - Ixodes cookei collected from raccoons in
Doddridge County April 13 and May 1 and from gray fox in Berkeley County April
21. Dermacentor variabilis (American dog tick) collected from raccoon in
Doddridge County May Ll and in Wood County April 14 by J.F. Smith. Determined by
R.R. Garrish. (W. Va. Ins. Sur.). RHODE ISLAND - D. variabilis complaints wide-
spread. (Field, May 26). ipilbeir GER eA mens ab

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EAR TICK (Otobius megnini) - UTAH - Troublesome on cattle in Some Kane and
Garfield County herds. (Lindsay, Knowlton, May 28).

BROWN RECLUSE SPIDER (Loxosceles reclusa) - GEORGIA - Taken from home in Coweta
County (Inglett) for a new county record (PPC). NEBRASKA - Three specimens in old
building on college campus at Lincoln, Lancaster County for a new county record.
(Roselle, May 26).

HOUSEHOLDS AND STRUCTURES

A DERMESTID BEETLE (Anthrenus coloratus) - INDIANA - Collected and determined
by L. Chandler at West Lafayette, Tippecanoe County, May 22, 1969. This is a
new State record. (Huber). Reported from Virginia, District of Columbia,
Maryland, Illinois, and California. See CEIR 19(5):61-62. (PPC).

WESTERN SUBTERRANEAN TERMITE (Reticulitermes hesperus) - CALIFORNIA - Tunneled

through champaign corks of over 300 quart bottles of wine stored upside down on
basement soil of residence at Sacramento, Sacramento County. Drained 50 bottles
before damage noted. Loss in excess of $300. (Cal. Coop. Rpt.).

BENEFICIAL INSECTS

LADY BEETLES - ARKANSAS - Mostly Coleomegilla maculata and Hippodamia convergens
(convergent lady beetle) up to 200-300 in 100 Sweeps of alfalfa, white clover,
Johnson grass, and pastures in southeastern area; highest in alfalfa. (Boyer).
H. convergens heavy on aphids in southeastern area. (Wall). NEW MEXICO - H.
Convergens very abundant in Curry and Roosevelt County wheatfields infested

With greenbug in March and early April. (Nielsen). COLORADO - Hippodamia spp.
and other species numerous in alfalfa and other crops in northeastern and east-
central areas. (Johnson). UTAH - Lady beetles averaged 3 adults and 2 larvae per
10 sweeps of alfalfa at Bluff, San Juan County. (Knowlton, May 22).

GREEN LACEWINGS (Chrysopa spp.) -,COLORADO - Chrysopa spp. numerous in alfalfa

and various Other frelds in, northeastern and east-central areas.\(Johnson). UTAH -
Chrysopa sp. averaged I per 10 sweeps of alfalfa at Bluff, San Juan County.
(Knowlton, May 22). ARKANSAS - Chrysopa sp. larvae 50-60 in 100 sweeps of alfalfa,
white clover, Johnson grass, and pastures in southeastern area; adults few.
(Boyer).

HETEROPTEROUS PREDATORS - ARKANSAS - Orius insidiosus adults and nymphs 150-200
in 100 sweeps and mostly adults of Geocoris punctipes 50-75 in 100 sweeps of
alfalfa, white clover, Johnson grass, and paStures in southeastern area. (Boyer).
UTAH - Geocoris spp. averaged 5 per 10 sweeps of alfalfa at Bluff, San Juan
County. hnowlton, May 22). COLORADO - Nabis spp. numerous in alfalfa and other
crops in northeastern and east-central areas. (Johnson).

A BRACONID (Lysiphlebus testaceipes) - CALIFORNIA - Control of Schizaphis
graminum (greenbug) excellent on Small grains in Imperial and Los Angeles
Counties. Sorghum undamaged by greenbug so far. (Cal. Coop. Rpt.).

AN ICHNEUMON WASP (Bathyplectes curculionis) - COLORADO - Numerous in alfalfa and
other crops in northeastern and east-central areas. (Johnson).

ALKALI BEE (Nomia melanderi) - WASHINGTON - Up to 100 percent of overwintered
prepupae were callow pupae by May 25 in beds at Touchet, Walla Walla County;
parasitic Heterostylum robustum (a bee fly) larvae less than 50 percent pupated.
(Johansen, Eves). N. melanderi pupating in native sites north of Sunnyside and
west Wapato alfalfa seed areas; H. robustum in early pupal stages in Yakima
County. (Menke). a

HONEY BEE (Apis mellifera) - MICHIGAN - Minimal activity causing serious concern
for successful fruit pollination. (Thompson, May 12).

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FEDERAL AND STATE PLANT PROTECTION PROGRAMS

CEREAL LEAF BEETLE (Oulema melanopus) - NEW YORK - Adults light on wheat on farm
May 22, 1969, at Amity, Allegany County, for a new State record. Adult on wheat
on farm at Canisteo, Steuben County, May 27 for a new county record. Both
collected by D.C. Hoffman. Adults on oats at French Creek Township, Chautauqua
County, for a new county record. Collected by J.S. Chock May 23. PENNSYLVANIA -
Adults collected on oats at following locations for new county records. At
Woodbury, Bedford County, by L.R. Pealer May 23. At Beech Creek Township, Clinton
County, and at Bell Township, Clearfield County, by J.T. Lilley May 26. At
Susquehanna, Lycoming County, J.T. Ayres May 27. WEST VIRGINIA - Numbers light;
adults collected for following new county records. On oats at Wana, Monongalia
County, by J.L. Brooks May 21. On oats on farm at Nile Wells, Tyler County, May
21 and on rye at Moundsville, Marshall County, May 23 by A.E. Tustin. Adults and
larvae on oats on farm in Wetzel County May 22 by Goddard and Grimm. Adults and
larvae on oats on farm at St. Marys, Pleasants County, and larvae on wheat on farm
at Cairo, Ritchie County, May 22 and at Elizabeth, Wirt County, May 23 by McClung
and Blackshire. Dead adults light on oats on farms at Glenwood, Cabell County, at
Buffalo, Putnam County, and at Reedy, Roane County, by Sisson and Brinker May 28.
KENTUCKY - Larvae light; collected at following locations for new county records.
On wheat at Louisville, Jefferson County, May 23 and on oats on farms at
Nicholasville, Jessamine County, May 27, at Versailles, Woodford County, May 27,
and at Danville, Boyle County, May 29 by W.A. Smith. On wheat on farm at Bethel,
Bath County, May 26 and on oats on farms at Winchester, Clark County, May 26 and
at Clay City, Powell County, May 27 by D.L. Reckner. On wheat on farm at Mount
Sterling, Montgomery County, May 26 and on oats on farms at Richmond, Madison
County, May 26 and at Rothwell, Menifee County, May 27 by J.L. Wheeler. On oats
south of Paintsville, Johnson County, May 27 by P.E. Shipman and J.R. Elling. In
wheatfield in Shelby County May 27 by T.S. Smith. All above records determined

by R.E. White. (PPC).

OHIO - Egg laying continuing. Earliest larvae nearly completed feeding. Beetles
or feeding signs light in most southeastern area oatfields; adults usually less
than 10 per 100 sweeps and larvae less than 3 per foot. Some high counts: South-
eastern Tuscarawas County adults 20 per 100 Sweeps, eggs and larvae 3 per linear
foot on 10-inch oats, east-central Coshocton County adults 120 per 100 sweeps,
eggs 40 and larvae 10 per linear foot on 14-inch oats (Richter); Licking County”
adults 0-96 per 100 sweeps (average about 30) and eggs 0-53 per 3 linear feet,
averaged about 30 eggs in heavily infested fields (Amrine). INDIANA - Eggs
averaged 50-60 per linear foot on oats at New Carlisle, St. Joseph County, and
20-25 per linear foot in U.S. Highway 6 area of La Porte and St. Joseph Counties.
First instars 5-6 per linear foot on oats at New Carlisle and 2-3 per linear

foot in U.S. Highway 6 area. Second instars few. Oviposition on oats should peak
shortly after June 1 with peak larval activity June 12-16. Controls should be
initiated in earliest hatch fields. (Shade).

GRASS BUGS - UTAH - Labops hesperius and Irbisia spp. serious on 800 acres of
crested wheatgrass range in Kane County; control excellent. Much control this
year in Sink Valley. (Lindsay, Knowlton, May 28). WASHINGTON - Irbisia pacifica
feeding damage heavy along edge of Gaines wheatfield adjacent to fence row at
Centerville, Klickitat County. (Willson, Harwood).

GYPSY MOTH (Porthetria dispar) - RHODE ISLAND - In Second instar in Providence
County. (Relli, May 22). VERMONT - First hatch May 9 at Shoreham, Addison County.
(Nielsen, MacCollom).

SOYBEAN CYST NEMATODE (Heterodera glycines) - ARKANSAS - Cysts from farm at
Pleasant Plains, White County, for a new county record. Collected by B.F.
Goolsby May 28. Confirmed by A.M. Golden. (PPC).

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WESTERN GRAPE LEAF SKELETONIZER (Harrisina brillians) - CALIFORNIA - First moth of
season at Clovis, Fresno County, May 13. All other Surveys in eradication areas
negative to date. (Cal. Coop. Rpt.).

GRASSHOPPERS - CALIFORNIA - Epidemic outbreaks in about 5,000 acres of range and
forest land in Mount Shasta area, Siskiyou County. Second and third instars over
40 per square yard. Severely damaged pine seedlings. Aerial treatments applied
May 28. (Cal. Coop. Rpt.). UTAH - Ranged 1-4 per 10 sweeps on alfalfa and range
at Bluff, Blanding, and Monticello in San Juan County, and 3-5 on Poverty Flats

to the north. Much more numerous on meadows at Moab, Grand County. (Knowlton,

May 22). Nymphs numerous in Cedar Valley, Utah County. Ranged 2-6 in 10 sweeps at
Moab, Grand County, on range; more numerous on alfalfa. Ranged 1-3 per sweep of
alfalfa at Huntington, Emery County. (Knowlton, Judd, May 28). COLORADO - First
and second instars appearing in crop margins at Wiggins, Morgan County. (Johnson).
First and second instars of Melanoplus bivittatus, M. femurrubrum and others

light in Mesa County crop margins. (Sisson). NEW MEXICO — Mostly Second and third
instars averaged 4-15 per 25 sweeps of Roosevelt County alfalfa (Nielsen, May 23)
3-12 per 25 sweeps of alfalfa at Albuquerque, Bernalillo County, and Jarrales,
Valencia County (Heninger). MINNESOTA - Egg development in central district:

M. bivittatus and M. sanguinipes eggs segmented; few fully developed. M.
femurrubrum eggs nearly all coagulated; some eggs in protected, Sunny areas in
eyespot. AI1l checks made in heavier soils. Egg development at least 2 weeks
behind last year, even in Sandy areas. (Minn. Pest Rpt.).

WHITE-FRINGED BEETLES (Graphognathus spp.) - ALABAMA - Larvae medium; feeding on
roots of tomatoes and peanuts in Separate fields near Slocomb, Geneva County. ‘
(Reynolds).

HAWAII INSECT REPORT

Fruits and Nuts - COCONUT SCALE (Aspidiotus destructor) increasing on many coconut
trees at Koko Head, Oahu. Trees with light infestations in early March now

heavily infested; light to medium on trees previously uninfested. Predators light
in area. (Funasaki). FLORIDA RED SCALE (Chrysomphalus aonidum) generally light,
0-40 per leaflet, on about 100 coconut trees at Kahului, Maui. Moderate, up to
150+ per leaflet, on few trees. (Ah Sam, Miyahira).

Ornamentals - Adults of a NITIDULID BEETLE (Conotelus mexicanus) medium in
gardenia, tuberose, and pikake flowers at Waianae, Oahu. Ranged 5-12 in gardenia
blossoms, O-8 in tuberose, and 0-5 in pikake. (Kawamura). Adults and nymphs of a
THRIPS (Frankliniella sp.) heavy in Kiawe and koa-haole flowers in scattered areas
on Oahu. Light to heavy in several commercial flower fields at Waianae, Koko Head,
and Waimanalo. (Funasaki).

Forest and Shade Trees - KIAWE FLOWER LOOPER (Cosymbia serrulata) adults heavy in
light traps during May at Waipahu and Ewa, Oahu. Averaged 169 per trap in 4 light
traps at Waipahu; 106 per trap in 3 traps at Ewa; 12 per trap at other 21 trap
locations. (Au). HIBISCUS CATERPILLAR (Anomis flava) larvae heavy, one per leaf,
on hau (Hibiscus tiliaceus) in Nuuanu Valley, Honolulu, Oahu. Most larvae
parasitized by an ICHNEUMON WASP (Hyposoter exiguae). (Davis).

Stored Products - Routine inspection of trogotraps in 7 stored-food warehouses at
Honolulu, Oahu, revealed heavy infestations of SAW-TOOTHED GRAIN BEETLE
(Oryzaephilus surinamensis) and DARKING BEETLES (Tribolium spp.); light numbers
numbers Of CIGARETTE BEETLE (Lasioderma serricorne) and a DERMESTID BEETLE
(Trogoderma anthrenoides). (Olson, Wong).

Beneficial Insects - MELASTOMA BORER (Selca brunella) heavy in 200 acres of Indian
rhododendron, a rangeland weed, at Hanahanapuni, Kauai. Defoliation 100 percent
in many areas; infested about 80 percent of terminals. (Sugawa).

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INSECT DETECTION

New United States Record - A DELPHACID PLANTHOPPER (Delphacodes nigrifacies
Muir) —- FLORIDA — Adults on Bahia grass, at Belle Glade, Palm Beach County.
Collected by W.G. Genung June 27, 1966. Determined by J.P. Kramer. (p. 395).

New State Records - A LACE BUG (Stephanitis takeyai) Montgomery County, Maryland
(Tp. 401). A DERMESTID BEETLE (Anthrenus coloratus) Tippecanoe County, Indiana
(p. 404). CEREAL LEAF BEETLE (Oulema melanopus) Allegany County, New York.

(p. 405). Six SCARABS as follows: Dyscinetus morator in Missouri; Copris
anaglypticus and Maladera brunnea in Ohio; NORTHERN MASKED CHAFER (Cyclocephala
borealis), SOUTHERN MASKED CHAFER (C. immaculata), and Euphoria herbacea in
Tennessee. (p. 408). o

New County Records - ALFALFA WEEVIL (Hypera postica) Johnson and Lafayette
Counties, Missouri; Yell County, Arkansas (p. 395). CLOVER HEAD WEEVIL (Hypera
meles) Johnson County, Missouri (p. 396). CLOVER SEED WEEVIL (Miccotrogus
picirostris) Cooper, Johnson, Pettis, and Saline Counties, Missouri (p. 396).

A CONIFER SAWFLY (Neodiprion pratti pratti) Kanawha, Lincoln, and Wayne Counties,
West Virginia (p. 402). BROWN RECLUSE SPIDER (Loxosceles reclusa) Coweta County,
Georgia, and Lancaster County, Nebraska (p. 404). CEREAL LEAF BEETLE (Oulema
melanopus) Chautauqua and Steuben Counties, New York; Bedford, Clearfield,
Clinton, and Lycoming Counties, Pennsylvania; Cabell, Marshall, Monongalia,
Pleasants, Putnam, Ritchie, Roane, Tyler, Wetzel, and Wirt Counties, West
Virginia; Bath, Boyle, Clark, Jefferson, Jessamine, Johnson, Madison, Menifee,
Montgomery, Powell, Shelby, and Woodford Counties, Kentucky (p. 405). SOYBEAN
CYST NEMATODE (Heterodera glycines) White County, Arkansas (p. 405).

LIGHT TRAP COLLECTIONS

LOUISIANA - Tallulah, 5/24-30, BL, 66-91°F., precip. 0.12 - Armyworm (Pseudaletia
unipuncta) 3, cabbage looper (Trichoplusia ni) 2, corn earworm (Heliothis zea) 3.
MISSISSIPPI - Stoneville, 2BL, 63-92 F., precip. 1.02 - Armyworm I3, black cut-
worm (Agrotis ipsilon) 17, corn earworm 16, granulate cutworm (Feltia subterranea)
3, salt-marsh caterpillar (Estigmene acrea) 1, variegated cutworm (Peridroma
saucia) 6, yellow-striped armyworm (Prodenia ornithogalli) 10. MISSOURI - Fair
Grove, 5/22-28 - Armyworm 19, black cutworm 3, European corn borer (Ostrinia
nubilalis) 8. OHIO - Marietta, 5/24-29, BL - Armyworm 3, black cutworm I.
Wooster, 5/24-29, BL - Armyworm 43, black cutworm 7, corn earworm 2, variegated
cutworm 1. TEXAS - Waco, 5/24-29 - Armyworm 19, beet armyworm 23, black cutworm
7, cabbage looper 5, corn earworm 11, granulate cutworm 4, variegated cutworm 22,
yellow-striped armyworm 24.

CORRECTIONS

CEIR 19(20) :349 - SAWFLIES - WISCONSIN - Profenusa canadensi ... should be
Profenusa canadensis 506

CEIR 19(22):382 - CODLING MOTH (Laspeyresia pomonella) - OHIO - First hatch ...
(and) ... Hatch peaked ... should be First adult emergence ... (and) Emergence
of pupal stage peaked ... (Richter).

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Using Japanese Beetle Traps to Detect Other Coleoptera

During the summer of 1968 the Japanese beetle trapping survey was used as a
detection tool for other Coleoptera which may have been introduced into the

United States or could have spread to new areas. One week's collection from key
areas such as airports and seaports which receive international traffic or
materials, either directly or indirectly, were screened. All insects other than
beetles were discarded. Some collections from European chafer traps (light and
chemical) were also submitted. Specimens were determined by V.H. Owens of the
Taxonomy Section, Plant Pest Control Division, ARS, USDA, at Gulfport, Mississippi.

Several hundred specimens were examined representing 23 families, 68 genera, and
at least 96 species. Representatives of 37 of the genera could not be determined
to species.

The determinations were compared to the information in the Scientific Records
System maintained by Survey and Detection Operations in Hyattsville, Maryland.
There were no records of 26 species for six of the States where collections were
made. Inquiries sent to these States resulted in the addition of valuable dis-
tribution data to the Scientific Records System. Also, six new State records
were established, all in the Family Scarabaeidae. These are:

Missouri: Dyscinetus morator

Ohio: Copris anaglypticus
Maladera brunnea

Tennessee: Cyclocephala borealis (northern masked chafer)
Cyclocephala immaculata (southern masked chafer)

Euphoria herbacea .—~

Scarabs collected in Japanese beetle traps at 14 sites in Michigan were deter-
mined by entomologists of the Entomology Department, Michigan State University.
Except for Pelidnota punctata which was collected at all sites, Phyllophaga spp.
were most common. None of the species collected in Michigan is classified as
““damaging;. however, Macrodactylus subspinosus (rose ghater) is.a serious pest in
~ rose gardens and on wild grapes. =

U.S. Dept. Agr.
Prepared in Plant Pest Coop. Econ. Ins. Rpt.
Control Division 19(23):408, 1969

1968 CEREAL LEAF BEETLE INFESTATION AND OATS CROP LOSS SURVEY i/
M. Curtis Wilson 2/, Robert E. Treece 3/,
and
Richard E. Shade 2/

A survey technique first used in 1967 to estimate cereal leaf beetle larval
populations and loss to the oats crop by these insects was used again in 1968.
It is based entirely on foliage consumption by the cereal leaf beetle larva.
Results of the first survey were reported by Wilson and Treece (1967). Research
on which this survey was based is reported in three papers, 2 of which are in
press, Shade et al. (1969), Wilson et al. (1969), and one in preparation, Treece
et al. (1969).

The 1968 survey was expanded to include 162 counties as follows: Michigan 45,
Indiana 45, Ohio 48, Pennsylvania 7, Illinois 11, Wisconsin 4, and Kentucky 2.
Populations were sufficiently high to ascertain them in 125 or about 75 percent
of these counties, using the Treece, Wilson, and Shade technique.

The data from this survey are reported in 4 tables. Table 1 shows infestation and
oats loss in Michigan and Indiana. It compares only the most heavily infested
counties which were surveyed both years in the two States. Oats loss in Ohio in
1968 is also shown. Table 2 shows the 1968 State average cereal leaf beetle
infestations based on the total number of counties surveyed. Infestations by
county, comparing 1968 data with 1967, are tabulated in table 3 and losses for
the 2 years are compared in table 4.

It should be noted that the 1967 estimates of loss have been recalculated by
adjusting them to a new index of 3.17 bushel loss per larva per stem infestation.
The new index for loss was adopted following completion of further research in
1968. This raises the 1967 total cereal leaf beetle loss estimate from $54,750
to $77,558.

The cereal leaf beetle is not only spreading rapidly, but is now building up in
numbers at a tremendous rate. Data show that the stage is set for a massive
increase of cereal leaf beetle populations in the Midwest. This increase probably
will occur within the next 2 to 5 years. The study shows not only a general
buildup, but also the emergence of new distant centers as far east as central
Ohio where relatively high infestations are becoming common.

1/ The following agencies cooperated to complete this survey: Indiana State

~ Entomologist's Office, Purdue University; Ohio Department of Agriculture, Ohio
Agricultural Research and Development Center; Pennsylvania Department of
Agriculture, Pennsylvania State University; and U.S. Department of Agriculture,
Plant Pest Control Division.

Estimates of oats acreage from which losses were calculated were obtained from
from the USDA Statistical Reporting Services of Indiana, Michigan, and Ohio.
The value of oats was estimated at 63¢ per bushel by R.L. Strazheim, USDA
Statistical Reporting Service, Lafayette, Indiana.

2/ Department of Entomology, Purdue University, Lafayette, Indiana.

3/ Department of Entomology, Ohio Agricultural Research and Development Center,
Wooster, Ohio.

—V 409 —

- 410 -

It can be seen that larval populations in 1968 were 205 percent of 1967 in
Indiana and 192 percent of 1967 in Michigan. The increase in infestation raised
the total loss in 1968 4-fold over 1967.

These estimates do not include the cost of spraying to control the cereal leaf
beetle by the grower. The 1968 loss was due to two things: The increase in
cereal leaf beetle infestations, and a 49 percent increase in oats acreage. Oats
acreage which has been disappearing at a rapid rate the past five years suddenly
spiraled upward in 1968 due to changes in grower crop allotments.

Literature Cited

(1) Shade, R.E., Hansen, H.L., and Wilson, M.C. 1969. A partial life table for
-the cereal leaf beetle in Indiana. Ent. Soc. Amer. Ann. (in press).

(2) Treece, R.E., Wilson, M.C., and Shade, R.E. 1969. Dispersion and population
buildup of the cereal leaf beetle in the Mid-West. J. Econ. Ent. (in pre-
paration).

(3) Wilson, M.C., and Treece, R.E. 1968. 1967 cereal leaf beetle infestation and
oats crop loss survey. U.S. Dept. Agr. Coop. Econ. Insect Rpt. 18(17) :343-
348.

(4) Wilson, M.C., Treece, R.E., Shade, R.E., Stivers, R.K., and Day, K.E.
Impact of cereal leaf beetle larvae on oats yield..J. Econ. Ent. (in
press).

= 411 =

Table 1

Summary of Statistics on Cereal Leaf Beetle Infestations
and Loss to Oats in 1967 and 1968 1/

Indiana Michigan Ohio Total
Percent Stems Infested
1967 32.9 50.4
1968 2/ 38.2 48.7
1968 percent of 1967 116.0 97.0

Number of Larvae Per 100 Stems

1967 15.9 LS ieit
1968 2/ 32.6 26.3
1968 percent of 1967 205.0 192.0

Oats Loss (Bushels)
1967 3/ 47,061 70,072 0 117,133

1968 217,699 211,022 32,676 461,397
Dollar Loss

1967 ($0.65 per Bu.) $ 30,588 $ 45,548 $ (0) $7 716;,136

1968 ($0.63 per Bu.) 137,167 132,944 20,586 290,717

1/ Infestation data based only on counties surveyed both years in Indiana and
Michigan. The survey in Ohio in 1967 involved too few counties for a good
comparison.

2/ Only counties surveyed both years are included in this comparison.

3/ Estimates of loss are based on a damage index of 3.17 bushel loss per acre
per larva per stem infestation. Following 1968 research this index was
raised from 2.24 used in 1967. 1967 estimates have been adjusted to the new
loss index.

- 412 -

Table 2

1968 State Average Cereal Leaf

Beetle Infestations

Number of Percent Oats Larvae

Counties Stems Per
State Surveyed Infested 100 Stems
Illinois ial 0.09 0.006
Indiana 45 24.51 18.750
Kentucky 1/ 2 (@) (0)
Michigan 45 28.20 13.530
Ohio 48 15.09 3.237
Pennsylvania @ 8.57 0.010
Wisconsin 2/ 4 0 (0)

1/ Only trace counts of the cereal leaf beetle have been found in Kentucky.
Infestations are too small to be detected using the feeding survey technique.

2/ The cereal leaf beetle has not been found using either this survey or
detection survey techniques.
Table 3

Estimated Infestation of Oats by the Cereal Leaf Beetle
Based on Larval Feeding Surveys, June 1967 and 1968

ILLINOIS

Percent Stems Infested Larvae per 100 Stems

Average Average Average Average
County 1967 1968 1967 1968
Clark - 0 - (0)
Cook - 0.3 - 0.02
De Kalb - 10) - (0)
Iroquois 0.5 0.3 0.01 0.02
Kankakee 0 0.3 0 0.02
Lake - 0 - (0)
La Salle - 0 - 0
Livingston - 0 - (0)
McHenry - 0) = 0
Vermilion - (0) - (0)
Grundy - (0) = (0)

INDIANA

Adams 5.7 19.5 0.87 15.00
Allen 16.0 55.5 2.04 58.00
Bartholomew - 11.0 - 0.20
Benton 0.3 14.0 0.01 1.30
Boone - 1.0 - 1.13

- 413 -

(Indiana cont.) Table 3 (cont.)

Percent Stems Infested Larvae per 100 Stems

Average Average Average Average
County 1967 1968 1967 1968
Brown - 220 - P20
Carroll 0.5 1.0 0.01 0.05
Dearborn - "@) - 0
De Kalb 853 Silio 36.05 22.50
Elkhart Cabos) 78.5 S00 94.75
Fountain - 0 - 0
Franklin - Bat - 0.33
Fulton 56.0 27.0 6.78 4.02
Grant 12.0 2.0 Gals} 0.20
Hamilton - 2ZieD - 0.65
Hancock - 39.5 - 1.00
Hendricks - 0 - 10)
Henry 16.8 20.5 2.58 2.50
Howard - 20 - 2.70
Huntington - 19.0 - 10.50
Jasper S53 8.8 ILA Si/ ee
Jay = LORS = 1.60
Jennings - Ziel - 0.08
Kosciusko 28.6 63.0 10.48 50.00
Lagrange 89.0 78.0 36.73 71.00
Lake ORD to 0.05 0.52
La Porte 79.6 82.2 84.60 59.66
Lawrence - 0 - 0
Madison - PGs) = 1.00
Marshall SSeS 63.0 GOD 56.00
Montgomery = 10) = 10)
Newton On? - 0.01 -
Noble - 74.5 - 68.75
Owen - WO SS) - 0.45
Parke (0) - 10)
Porter 13.0 G0) 2.07 5.30
Pulaski 11.3 17.5 0.53 3.27
Putnam - 0.5 - 0.01
Ripley - 0.7 - 0.02
St. Joseph 87.8 84.0 104.90 142.90
Starke 37.7 34.5 5,52 21.50
Tippecanoe - 1.0 - 0.44
Union IG) - 0.25 -
Wabash 28.6 SSO, 2.98 46.81
Wayne 310 Soa) = 0.63 1.20
Whitley 34.8 78.0 11.05 58.50
Steuben - 58.0 1/ - 37.60

1/ Estimates based on surrounding county data

IR

- 414 -

Tabel 3 (cont.)

Percent Stems Infested Larvae per 100 Stems

Average Average Average Average
County 1967 1968 1967 1968
KENTUCKY
Grant - 0 - (0)
Oldham - (0) - (0)
MICHIGAN

Arenac - 1.0 - 0.25
Alcona - 0.3 - 0.04
Allegan 73.0 6.3 24.14 19.33
Antrim - 0 - (0)
Barry 85.3 UPauk 16.80 34.09
Bay - Seo - 0.32
Berrien 79.2 ay pael 88.60 56.73
Branch 19.8 Doo B} 5 (6K3) 15.50
Calhoun C29 92.0 49.34 82.00
Cass 68.2 WORD 22.68 36.87
Clare - 0 - 10)
Eaton 36.8 81.5 4.03 95.50
Genesee B02) 37.5 5.71 9.00
Gladwin - 0.5 - 0.20
Gratiot 9.5 31.0 0.36 8.50
Hillsdale 84.7 18.0 12.68 7.00
Huron - Sao. - 0.47
Ingham 54.3 59.2 8.85 49.90
Ionia 98.0 47.5 18.73 13.50
Isabella - 22)10 - 3.00
Jackson - 45.5 - 6.50
Kalamazoo 82.3 76.5 Go 40.00
Kalkaska - (0) - (0)
Kent 39.0 68.0 4.80 23.50
Lapeer 5.0 8.0 0.18 0.60
Lenawee 56.3 39.5 4.68 4.50
Livingston - LS) - 2.50
Macomb = 1.0 - 0.10
Mecosta 4.8 0 0.16 (0)
Midland 13 - 0.07 —
Missaukee - (0) - 0
Monroe - Dboys ts) - 1.50
Montcalm 9.3 40.0 0.49 10.62
Muskegon 31.0 - 3.70 =
Newaygo IL) 26.5 1.03 4.00
Oakland - 16.5 - 12.50
Oceana 4.5 - 0.50 =
Ogemaw - 8.5 - 0.50
Osceola - (0) - (0)
Otsego - (0) - 0
Ottawa 50.5 77.0 5.45 24.25

(Michigan cont.)

- 415 -

Table 3 (cont.)

Percent Stems Infested Larvae per 100 Stems

Average Average Average Average
County 1967 1968 1967 1968
St. Joseph 74.0 55.0 12.43 18.80
Saginaw - 25.0 - 5.00
Shiawassee - 70.00 - 22.00
Sanilac - 2.33 - 0.70
St. Clair - 0 - (0)
Grand Traverse = 0 - (0)
Van Buren 64.5 Doo U3 67/33 2351
Washtenaw - 18.0 - 2.65
Wexford - (0) - (0)

PENNSYLVANIA
Beaver - 26.0 - 0.03
Butler. - 22.0 - 0.01
Clarion - (0) - (0)
Crawford - 0 - 0
Mercer - 12.0 - 0.003
Warren - (0) - (0)
Washington - 10) = 0
WISCONSIN

Jefferson - (0) - 0
Kenosha - 0 - 0
Rock - 0 - 0
Walworth - 0 - (9)

County

Auglaize
Ashtabula
Brown
Butler
Carroll

Champaign
Clinton
Darke
Delaware
Fairfield

Greene
Guernsey
Hamilton
Hancock
Hardin

Henry
Huron
Knox
Licking
Logan

1968

eb
“NN B © 0 onUNH

HoH

Percent Stems
Infested

anouno aoouwn

Larvae Per
100 Stems

1968

9.30
1.30
0.10
1.03
1.75

1.50
2.10
5.00

Percent Stems

Infested
County 1968
Madison 5.0
Mahoning 3.5
Medina 32.0
Miami 16.5
Montgomery 28.0
Morrow 7.0
Noble (0)
Ottawa 4.0
Paulding yO)
Pickaway 21.0
Preble 10.5
Richland 18.5
Ross 41.5
Sandusky L730
Seneca 2.9
Trumbull 3.0
Union 11.5
Van Wert 2.9
Washington 1.0
Warren 3.5

Larvae Per

100 Stems

1968

0.20
0.10
1.85
2.50
3.50

1.05
0

0.50
2.40
1.80

0.75
7.90
8.50
1.20
0.60

0.06
2.05
1.15
0.20
0.60

(Ohio cont.)

Percent Stems

County

Wayne
Williams
Wood
Wyandot

County

Adams
Allen
De Kalb
Delaware
Elkhart

Fulton
Huntington
Kosciusko
Lagrange
La Porte
Marshall

Noble
Porter

St. Joseph
Starke
Steuben
Wabash
Whitley

Allegan
Barry
Berrien
Branch
Calhoun

Cass
Eaton
Genesee
Gratiot
Hillsdale

Ingham
Ionia
Kalamazoo
Kent
Montcalm

Infested
1968

8.5
44.0
5.0
28.95

- 416 -

Table 3 (cont.)

Larvae Per

100 Stems
1968 County
0.73 Gallia
9.00 Highland
1.05 Meigs
9.40 Lawrence
Table 4

Percent Stems
Infested
1968

Comparison of Estimated 1967 and 1968 Losses to Oats
Due to Infestation by the Cereal Leaf Beetle

INDIANA
Bu. Loss
Per Acre Total
1967 1968 1967 1968
- 0.48 - 5,927
- 1.84 - 35,472
1.14 Oleg! 6,799 @ 7336
0.36 - 1,636 -
0.96 3.00 6,203 26,082
0.21 - 522 -
- 0.33 - 2,786
0.33 ih sye) Is (ESI 15,226
1.16 2.20 9,966 31,428
2.68 1.89 Syoo 6,906
0.24 1.78 920 10,765
- 2.18 - 26,369
- ORL, - 1,049
3.32 4.53 10,372 173
0.17 0.68 133 514
- ikea) - 8,397
- 0.64 - 3,904
- 1.85 - 18,415
MICHIGAN
0.77 0.61 7,484 6,710
0.53 1.08 5,151 12,960
2.80 1.80 9,072 8,100
- 0.49 - 4,165
1.56 2.60 19,586 42,900
0.72 abe 4,082 9,652
- 3.02 - 37,750
- 0.29 - 2,900
- 0.27 - 2,187
0.40 0.22 4,698 3,300
0.28 1.58 2,495 14,220
0.59 0.43 7,169 7,095
0.56 1.26 5,443 16,380
= 0.74 - 8,140
= 0.34 - 2,788

Larvae Per
100 Stems
1968

Dollar Loss

1967, 9 06s:

- 3,734

= 22,347

4,419 4,622
1,063 =
4,032 16 , 432
339 =

- 1,755
1,142 9,592

6,478 19,800
5,689 4,351
598 6,782

- 16,629

= 661
6,742 10,787

86 324

= 5,290

= 2,460

= 11,601
4,865 4,227

3,348 8,165

5,897 5,103

= 2,624
1277311 27,027
2,653 6,081
- 23,783

= 1827,

- 1,378

3,054 2,079
1,622 8,959
4,660 4,470
3,538 10,319
= 5,128

= 1,756

- 417 -

(Michigan cont.) Table 4 (cont.)
Bu. Loss
Per Acre Total Dollar Loss
County 1967 1968 1967 1968 1967 1968
Oakland - 0.40 - 1,600 - 1,008
Ottawa OO (OSTA SOWELL 6,545 895 4,123
St. Joseph 0.39 0.60 1,895 4,500 1,232 2,835
Saginaw - 0.16 - 2,080 - 1310
Shiawassee = 0.70 = 13,300 = Shes)
Van Buren 0.40 0.75 1,620 3, O00 1,053 2,363
OHIO

Auglaize - 0.29 - 4,785 - 3,015
Darke - 0.16 - 2,784 - 1,754
Licking - 1.35 - 14,580 - 9,185
Richland - 0.24 - 2,688 - 1,693
Ross - 0.27 - 1,458 - 919
Williams - 0.29 - 3,741 - Zoot
Wyandot = 0.30 - 2,640 - 1,663

U.S. Dept. Agr.
Coop. Econ. Ins. Rpt.
19(23) :409-417, 1969

- 418 -

WEATHER BUREAU'S 30-DAY OUTLOOK
JUNE 1969

The Weather Bureau's 30-day outlook for June 1969 is for temperatures to average
below seasonal normals from the southern and central Plains to the northern
Mississippi Valley and upper Great Lakes as well as in the Northeast. Above
normal temperatures are expected over the Mid-Atlantic States and west of the
Continental Divide. Near normal temperatures are in’*prospect in unspecified
areas. Precipitation is expected to exceed normal from the Gulf States through
the southern and central Plains and central Mississippi Valley to the lower
Great Lakes. Subnormal rainfall is indicated over the Mid-Atlantic States, the
northern Rockies, and the far Southwest. Otherwise, near normal totals are in
prospect.

Weather forecast given here is based on the official 30-day "Resume and Outlook"
published twice a month by the Weather Bureau. You can subscribe through the
Superintendent of Documents, Washington, D.C. 20250. Price $5.00 a year.

WEATHER OF THE WEEK ENDING JUNE 2

HIGHLIGHTS: Some severe weather occurred in all of the States this week with the
exception of the southwestern area. The changeable temperature averaged well above
normal in most areas leaving many States with a net moisture shortage.

PRECIPITATION: Variable weather patterns exhibited great contrast across the
Nation this week. The most consistent weather was in the Deep South where
thunderstorms and heavy rainshowers persisted all week. Tornadoes were reported
at numerous places along the gulf coast from Galveston, Texas, through Florida on
Monday and Tuesday. Two people were killed by a tornado at Galveston on Tuesday.
The southern activity abated somewhat after midweek and by the weekend was con-
fined to the Southeast where severe thunderstorms with hail persisted throughout |
the period. Violent weather also struck the upper Midwest at the beginning of the
week where thunderstorms developed Monday producing one inch hail at Gibbon,
Minnesota. This line moved off to the northeast. Tuesday presented relatively
little precipitation except that in the South and showery conditions in the Pacific
Northwest. Wednesday, a cold front touched off intense thunderstorms as it invaded
the central Plains. Tornadoes struck in Kansas and hail was again reported at
several places in Minnesota. By Thursday the storm producing cold front extended
from northwestern New York, through central Illinois to west Texas. Heavy rain,
thunderstorms, and high winds battered areas along and ahead of the cold air in
its advance eastward until it began to weaken Friday. By late Friday another cold
front had moved from the Pacific Northwest to the central Dakotas to northern
California. Similar patterns of precipitation and severe weather accompanied this
front to the end of the week when it was affecting the area from New York to Lake
Superior and southwestward through Illinois, Arkansas and to northwest Texas.

TEMPERATURE: Even in a season of contrasting temperature, this has been a week

of very unusual contrasts. Record low temperatures and record high temperatures
were recorded in this unusual week. The beginning of the week brought winter chill
from the western Lakes area to New England. Record low temperatures were reported
from at least 25 major reporting stations in these areas. On Tuesday a very warm
tongue of air extended from New Mexico to eastern Montana bringing temperatures to
the high 90's as far north as the southern Canadian provinces. This warm pattern
moved eastward and Wednesday 105° was reported at Pierre, South Dakota. On

Tuesday a record 100° was read at Marquette in the upper Michigan Peninsula.
General warming extended from a line from New Mexico to Lake Superior and eastward.
Temperatures above 95° were recorded in the East Central States on Friday. Cooler
air moved from the Pacific Northwest to eastern Montana and Wyoming by Saturday,
but 100° readings were still reported in South Dakota. By the end of the week, the
entire northern portion of the States had cooled leaving only the mid-South with
90+ temperature readings. (Summary supplied by Environmental Data Service, ESSA.)

a Vy
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AGRICULTURAL RESEARCH SERVICE

PLANT PEST CONTROL DIVISION

SURVEY AND DETECTION OPERATIONS

The Cooperative Economic Insect Report is issued
weekly as a service to American Agriculture. Its contents
are compiled from information supplied by cooperating State,
Federal, and industrial entomologists and other agricultural
workers. In releasing this material the Division serves as
a clearing house and does not assume responsibility for ac-
curacy of the material.

All reports and inquiries pertaining to this release,
including the mailing list, should be sent to:

Survey and Detection Operations
Plant Pest Control Division
Agricultural Research Service
United States Department of Agriculture
Federal Center Building
Hyattsville, Maryland 20782

Volume 19 June 13, 1969 Number 24

COOPERATIVE ECONOMIC INSECT REPORT

HIGHLIGHTS
Current Conditions

ARMYWORM damaging small grain in Oklahoma and Kansas. GREENBUG damaging grain
sorghum in Oklahoma and occurring in every sorghum field in 3 areas of Kansas,
Appearing on sorghum in east-central New Mexico. CORN EARWORM damage appearing on
corn in South Carolina, damaging sweet corn in Florida, and heavy in Georgia.

pen 42119)).

BUDWORMS moderate to heavy over tobacco belt in Georgia. (p. 421). TOBACCO FLEA
BEETLE adults heavy on tobacco in Maryland and damaging some tobacco in Virginia.
(p. 427).

EUROPEAN CORN BORER egg masses on corn in Illinois, Missouri, and Maryland.
CUTWORMS damaging corn in Wisconsin and South Dakota. (p. 422). CLAY-COLORED
BILLBUG caused heavy injury to field corn in Maryland. SORGHUM MIDGE outbreak
possible in Coastal Bend area of Texas. BROWN WHEAT MITE damaged wheat in North
Dakota and Wyoming. Heavy in some fields in South Dakota. (p. 423).

ALFALFA WEEVIL tip damage 30 percent in river flat areas in New York; heavy injury
to second growth alfalfa in Maryland; larval damage about 100 percent in northern
Ohio; larvae damaged untreated alfalfa in Colorado; continues to build up in

South Dakota; and some damage in Wyoming. (p. 424).

SPRUCE BUDWORM heavy in Minnesota and damaging new growth of blue spruce in
Michigan. ELM LEAF BEETLE damaging elms in Arizona and New Mexico. Injury
increasing in Utah, heavy on elms in Oklahoma and Colorado. FOREST TENT CATER-
PILLAR defoliation occurring in Ohio, Minnesota, and Illinois. A CONIFER SAWFLY
damaged pines in West Virginia. (pp. 433-434).

HORN FLY adults heavy in several States. (p. 435).

GRASS BUGS severely damaged range grasses and borders of wheat in Idaho, Utah,
and Wyoming. (p. 438).

Detection

New State records include a TORTRICID MOTH in Indiana (p. 425), and CEREAL LEAF
BEETLE in Maryland (p. 437).

For new county and parish records see page 440.

Special Reports

Estimates of Damage by the European Corn Borer to Grain Corn in the United
States in 1968. (pp. 441-442).

Reports in this issue are for week ending June 6 unless otherwise indicated.

2K KK AK OK OK 2K 2K OK OK

"Survey Methods for Some Economic Insects" is now available on request. The
present publication replaces "Survey Methods" issued in 1953 and revised in 1955
and 1958. The new publication includes additional survey methods and refinements
in techniques.

- 419 -

- 420 -

CONTENTS
Special Insects of Regional Siena fall Ganclercc:cvsieislelecheieleiieiclelele;sislionsiscchorcielevereienenevelerstterioile
Insects Affecting
Corn, Sorghum, Sugarcane.......+«-..422 COME ICTOPSiyeiehelens ciekeisveleheselelichefoteroree Lao
Smal IG ravin Shveteioletesteletereloiel sterereretererel crete ao) CUCULDITS. ccccccccssccncevesiocce tad
Turf, Pastures, Rangeland......e.++.423 General VegetableS.....ce.ce0ee e429
Forage; LE Gumesiciarcieve store ci etelere ellereres evade Deciduous Fruits and Nuts.......43l1
Coton erssrenere 6) shvlie! ee eels elise) ees senerejelei a 2O CLitLuS wccescrcccvevcrccescossccwtad
TODAC COM cpolcisie) ssedeyetens cisiele + jeleieieichelejen<! oct Cit Sma MH rusacCSs spore ferele islets eierepoverstenstev roo
SULA DSCIES encsietetersiciel ishetelsyene ceersiensucrorenc bao OLrNaAMeNail'Sh,) sievecsusrcrshslelenevetolelencketenerece oO
Miscellaneous Field Crops..........428 Forest and Shade Trees..........433
Potatoes, Tomatoes, Peppers........428 Man and) Animals). vrcieccieiclele ol sicleleion a0.
Beans) anid Peas. Veiciececc cele oleleilsleletehe clevehe tao,
Weajther’ of; the Week «Ending: (ume Oils ive siete ols loc efevarelelotelerclcleseltelefaleis) cheveloioiatatenchehenetoo eo)
Benet 1caalyINS Seis ir. evetereisie elec) eis) c/e/shostelejacereheielsiele tel eve tall sleponelie) siolonedeonsheletelleteholctetetoieNe Rone t SIG
Federal and State Plant Protection ProgramS.......ceccccscees APO OOO GOD 0.0-0 00 oF
Hawaii, TnSect REPO IC. mrcie cscs ohe ele cleielererel eve lelere-c/elerolelereieietsefoleseleliclnofslohealelonoveneteMeNeoNen token oo)
INSECETDET ECHELON Ss oc :00'sieleis ieee vicle le 00s sie ei elo-ceiee eisievsie sieve oreleveeicie ts ele eleis eielatejoleveteneretet £0
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SPECIAL INSECTS OF REGIONAL SIGNIFICANCE

ARMY CUTWORM (Chorizagrotis auxiliaris) - UTAH - Damage to alfalfa and small
grains generally lower than past 4 years in Loa area of Wayne County. (Chapman,
Knowlton, June 4).

ARMYWORM (Pseudaletia unipuncta) - OKLAHOMA - Feeding on wheat heads in Grady
County; up to 15-20 per Square yard. Damaging small grains in Cotton County and
Garfield County week ending May 31. Damage currently heavy to small grains in
Caddo, Major, and Canadian Counties and scattered areas of Kingfisher County.
Light to moderate in Garfield, Grant, Kay, Noble, Alfalfa, and Cleveland
Counties. (Okla. Coop. Sur.). KANSAS - Damaged wheat in Sumner and Cowley
Counties. (Simpson). VIRGINIA - First detected in sod-planted corn on May 26.
About 100 acres on 5 farms treated in Washington County. (Derting).

ASTER LEAFHOPPER (Macrosteles fascifrons) - WISCONSIN - Range per 100 sweeps of
oats: 1-8 in southwestern and central counties, 6-8 in southeastern counties.
(Wis. Ins. Sur.). MINNESOTA - Averaged 20 per 100 sweeps of alfalfa and small
grain in southeast district and trace in west-central district. (Minn. Pest

Rpt.).

BUDWORMS (Heliothis spp.) - GEORGIA - Moderate to heavy over tobacco belt.
(Girardeau). ALABAMA - Larvae light in corn whorls in several large fields in
Fayette County. Larvae light on waist-high corn in southern area. (Pitts et al.).

CORN EARWORM (Heliothis zea) - SOUTH CAROLINA - Damage appearing on corn shoots
at Florence, Florence County. (Durant, May 28). GEORGIA - Heavy on sweet corn

in southern areas. (Todd, Canerday). FLORIDA - This species and Spodoptera
frugiperda (fall armyworm) caused 91 percent damage to sweet corn ears in
untreated plots at Belle Glade, Palm Beach County. H. zea dominant. Determined
by M.J. Janes. (Janes). OKLAHOMA - Half to full-grown larvae averaged 5 per 100
sweeps in alfalfa in Bryan County. (Okla. Coop. Sur.). ARIZONA - Reported on
terminals of sorghum and sweet corn and on ears of sweet corn at Yuma, Yuma
County. (Ariz. Coop. Sur.).

CORN LEAF APHID (Rhopalosiphum maidis) - TEXAS - Found in all sorghum checked in
Foard, Knox, Haskell, Stonewall, and Wilbarger Counties. Very light on grain
sorghum in Deaf Smith, Castro and Parmer Counties. (Boring, Daniels). OKLAHOMA -
Averaged 500 per plant in sorghum in Washita County and ranged 50-400 per plant
in Jackson County. Ranged 10-250 per plant in corn and sorghum in Garvin,
Jefferson, Love, Marshall, and Bryan Counties. Highest counts in sorghum in
southern Bryan County. (Okla. Coop. Sur.). ARIZONA - Light on corn at Safford,
Graham County. (Ariz. Coop. Sur., May 29). UTAH - Moderate to heavy on spring
barley in several Millard County fields. (Knowlton, June 4).

GREENBUG (Schizaphis graminum) - ARKANSAS - Averaged about 1 per 10 sorghum plants
in Washington County. (Boyer). MISSOURI - Aphids high in southwest area, ranged
5-50+ per seedling sorghum plant. Mixed populations of S. graminum and Rhopalo-
siphum maidis (corn leaf aphid) present in some fields. S. graminum heavy in 2
oatfields at Mexico, Audrain County, 1 treated, other plowed up. (Munson).

KANSAS - In every sorghum field examined in east-central, northeastern, and
north-central areas. Percent plants infested by area: North-central 80-100,
northeastern 20-100, east-central 20-60. Aphids per infested plant by area:
North-central 5-15 alatae, 10-75 nymphs; northern 1-12 alatae, 3-75 nymphs
(heaviest in Marshall and Riley Counties), nearly all plants infested; east-central
1-6 alatae, some apterae, 3-20 nymphs. Migrations heavy in north-central and
northeastern areas last few days. Only winged adults and small nymphs found.
Infested nearly every field as soon as emerged in many areas. Reinfestations
occurring after treatments applied. Found mostly in whorls and on undersides of
leaves. Control in whorls not successful in some cases. Lady beetles increasing

in Reno and Stafford Counties; may be effective in some fields in few days. Very
few lady beetles and no parasites in northeast, east-central, and north-central
districts. (Simpson). OKLAHOMA - Damaging young sorghum in Craig and Tulsa
Counties. (Okla. Coop. Sur., May 31). Currently heavy on grain sorghum in Ottawa,

- 422 -

Tulsa, Mayes, and Craig Counties. Controls being applied. Greenbug 0-10 per
volunteer plant in Major County and moderate in Alfalfa, Kay, and Grant Counties.
Light in corn and sorghum in 5 south-central counties. Light in Jackson County.
(Okla. Coop. Sur.). TEXAS - Light and scattered on grain sorghum in Knox, Stone-
wall, Haskell, and Wilbarger Counties. Ranged 9-10 in single colony. No noticeable
damage evident. (Boring). In Deaf Smith, Castro, Parmer, Carson, and Gray
Counties, not detected on grain sorghum 3-6 inches tall. In Carson and Gray
Counties very light on western wheatgrass; about 0.05 per square foot. (Daniels).
NEW MEXICO - Beginning to appear on young grain sorghum in Curry and Quay
Counties. (Campbell, Durkin). ARIZONA - Average counts per linear foot on sorghum
as follows: 5 at Duncan, Greenlee County; 0-5 at Bonita, Graham County; 35 in
Stewart District, Cochise County; 35-70 at Elfrida and Sunizona, Cochise County;
5-30 on Johnson grass at Kansas Settlement, Cochise County, all for week ending
May 30. Currently averaged 20 per linear foot of sorghum at Marana, Pima County.
Light at Safford, Graham County, and Yuma, Yuma County. (Ariz. Coop. Sur.).
COLORADO - This and Macrosiphum avenae (English grain aphid) very light (0-70 per
100 sweeps) on wheat and other small grains in northeastern area. (Johnson).

POTATO LEAFHOPPER (Empoasca fabae) - MINNESOTA - First of season on alfalfa,
10-20 per 100 sweeps, in southeastern area. In all fields checked from southern
border to Minneapolis and St. Paul area. (Minn. Pest Rpt.). ILLINOIS - Low on
alfalfa in northern half of State. (Ill. Ins. Rpt.).

POTATO PSYLLID (Paratrioza cockerelli) - COLORADO - Adults 0-2 per 100 sweeps of
potatoes at La Salle, Weld County. Controls applied in most fields. (Johnson).

SPOTTED ALFALFA APHID (Therioaphis maculata) - NEW MEXICO - Ranged 10-15 per 25
sweeps in most Quay County alfalfa. (Mathews). Mostly alates averaged 40-100+

in 3 fields in southern Dona Ana County. (Campbell). SOUTH DAKOTA - Present, 100
per 100 net sweeps in field of alfalfa west of Spearfish, Lawrence County.
(Jones).

CORN, SORGHUM, SUGARCANE

EUROPEAN CORN BORER (Ostrinia nubilalis) - MINNESOTA - Survival averaged 80 per-
cent in west-central district, about normal for State. Survival higher in other
districts. Pupation continues; ranges from 60 percent in southeast district to 7
percent in the west-central district. (Minn. Pest Rpt.). WISCONSIN - Flight begun.
(Wis. Ins. Sur.). ILLINOIS - Emergence nearly complete in southern sections. Dead
pupae averaged 15 percent due to sun scald. Pupation completed, emergence well
underway in central area. Pupation 90 percent completed, but no emergence yet in
northern sections. Eggs being laid on 30-inch corn in southern area, egg masses
averaging 60 per 100 plants. (Petty). MISSOURI - Leaf feeding on 23-30 percent

of plants in field where corn over 30 inches tall. Fresh egg masses ranged 2-25
per 100 plants in southwest area. (Munson). MARYLAND - First instars feeding in
early corn on Eastern Shore. Infested 40-50 percent of plants in one 40-acre
field. Pupation on Eastern Shore complete; 40-60 percent of adults emerged. (U.
Md., Ent. Dept.).

CUTWORMS (Agrotis spp.) - WISCONSIN - A. ipsilon (black cutworm) damaging corn in
Green Lake, Adams, Richland, and Waushara Counties. (Wis. Ins. Sur.). SOUTH
DAKOTA - Agrotis spp. caused extensive damage to corn seedlings. Field of corn
destroyed in Lyman. Destroyed 61 acres in Douglas County, 60 acres in Lincoln
County. In Hutchinson County over 300 acres of corn treated. (Aamot et al.).

FALL ARMYWORM (Spodoptera frugiperda) - ALABAMA - First generation light; small
larvae in whorls of waist-high corn in several fields at Theodore, Mobile County.
(Bolton et al.).

GRASS WEBWORMS (Crambus spp.) - VIRGINIA - Severe damage to 20-acre cornfield in
Spotsylvania County. (Kash). MARYLAND - Light injury to several acres of
young field corn near Welcome, Charles County. (U. Md., Ent. Dept.).

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CORN FLEA BEETLE (Chaetocnema pulicaria) - MARYLAND - Adults light on young corn
statewide. (U. Md., Ent. Dept.). VIRGINIA - Caused extensive damage to field corn
in several communities in Washington County in mid-May. (Derting).

CLAY-COLORED BILLBUG (Sphenophorus aequalis) - MARYLAND - Caused heavy injury to
several fields of field corn in Wicomico and Queen Annes Counties. (U. Md., Ent.
Dept.).

SORGHUM MIDGE (Contarinia sorghicola) - TEXAS - Light to medium in Edna and
Vanderbilt area Of Jackson County. About 90 percent of fields expected to head
next 10 days. Outbreaks possible in Coastal Bend area. (Wilson).

YELLOW SUGARCANE APHID (Sipha flava) - OKLAHOMA - Ranged 15-35 per leaf on
occasional leaves of corn and sorghum checked in Garvin, Jefferson, Love,
Marshall, and Bryan Counties; very light in most fields. Present on Johnson grass
in most fields and found on crabgrass in one field in Love County. (Okla. Coop.
Sur.). TEXAS - Found on Johnson grass in Foard, Knox, Haskell, Stonewall, and
Wilbarger Counties. About 23 found on one grain sorghum plant in Stonewall
County. Only field found infested. (Boring).

SMALL GRAINS

WHEAT HEAD ARMYWORM (Faronta diffusa) - WISCONSIN - Adults numerous in blacklight
trap at Hancock. (Wis. Ins. Sur.). KANSAS - Economic on small grains, 5-10 per
square foot, in McPherson and Harper Counties. (Simpson).

CUTWORMS (Agrotis spp.) - WYOMING - Agrotis orthogonia (pale western cutworm)
decreasing in Lingle area, Goshen County. Averaged 3-5 per linear row foot in
some fields. (Burkhardt, May 19). SOUTH DAKOTA - Agrotis spp. heavily damaged
65 acres of sudex in Douglas County. (Campbell et al.).

BROWN WHEAT MITE (Petrobia latens) - NORTH DAKOTA - Infested winter wheat in
drier southwestern areas. Up to 9 per leaf caused yellowing in Golden Valley,
Bowman, and Hettinger Counties. Populations and damage severe enough to recommend
controls. (Kaatz). SOUTH DAKOTA - Found in most wheat sampled in Meade and Butte
Counties. Heavy in some fields. Controls applied week ending May 29. Currently
populations damaging in Harding County and near Wall, Pennington County. (Kantack
et al.). WYOMING - Damaging in Iowa Center and Lingle areas in Goshen County.
(Skelton, May 30).

ENGLISH GRAIN APHID (Macrosiphum avenae) - WISCONSIN - Variable, up to 80 per 100
sweeps. Less than 6 per 100 Sweeps typical on oats in southeastern counties.
(Wis. Ins. Sur.).

BARLEY THRIPS (Limothrips denticornis) - NORTH DAKOTA - Adults entered leaf
sheaths of headed rye in Cass County; 1-5 (average 2) per leaf sheath on 60 per-
cent of plants. Adults and immatures in Sheaths. Thrips on wheat, oats, barley,
and rye in Adams, Bowman, Stark, and Golden Valley Counties. Up to 150 per 100
sweeps. (Brandvik, Kaatz).

TURF, PASTURES, RANGELAND

BLUEGRASS BILLBUG (Sphenophorus parvulus) - UTAH - Heavy in 3 new lawns in Salt
Lake and Holladay area of Salt Lake County. (Burningham, Knowlton, June 4).

MEADOW PLANT BUG (Leptopterna dolabrata) - MISSOURI - Ranged up to 25 per 10
sweeps in orchard grass, fescue, and bluegrass in southwest area. Adults collected
from Barry, Dade, Dallas, Greene, Jasper, Lawrence, Polk, and Stone Counties.
(Munson).

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FORAGE LEGUMES

ALFALFA WEEVIL (Hypera postica) - NEW HAMPSHIRE - Less than 1 percent of tips
show larval feeding at Milford, Hillsborough County, and Durham, Rockingham
County, May 28. (Sutherland). VERMONT - Adults common and eggs hatching in
Chittenden County. (Neilson, MacCollom, June 3). NEW YORK - Tip damage 30 per-
cent in river flats. Little injury on upland alfalfa to date. Adults light

but larval numbers tripled since May 23 in Broome County. (N.Y. Wkly. Rpt., May
30). MARYLAND - Many new adults emerging in central areas. Some heavy injury

to second-growth alfalfa occurred on Eastern Shore and in central areas. Injury
light to moderate in most fields with first cutting. (U. Md., Ent. Dept.). OHIO -
Larval damage in untreated alfalfa about 100 percent through northern area.
Larvae 3-25 (average 15) per sweep. Prepupal cocoons in northern area, especially
in eastern half of Putnam County, 6-10 per 10 stems. Very young first-generation
adults in Wood County. (Flessel). Alfalfa blooming and farmers making first
cutting. (Richter). INDIANA - Preliminary data from larval parasite sampling
throughout State (mostly Bathyplectes curculionis) show relatively heavy popula-
tions present in southwest and west-central districts. In southeast and east-
central areas, parasite recoveries common. In 1968 few parasites recovered from
these two areas, indicating considerable spread and buildup across State. (Huber,
May 30). ILLINOIS - Larvae per 100 sweeps by area: East 3,483, northeast 1,516,
and northwest 660. Continues to decline in southern half of State; pupation,,
emergence of new adults, and parasitism increase. (Ill. Ins. Rpt.). - MICHIGAN -
Larvae increasing in surveys May 31 in Livingston and Oakland Counties. Larval
counts range 11-16 per sweep. In many fields in southern tier of counties moderate
to serious damage expected in unsprayed fields. (Newman). WISCONSIN - Adults
collected on alfalfa on farms for new county records: May 23 north of Boscobel,
Crawford County, and at Viroqua, Vernon County; May 26 at Fond du Lac, Fond du
Lac County, and at Beechwood, Sheyboygan County; and May 27 at Saukville,

Ozaukee County. Collected by M.S. Conrad. Determined by R.E. Warner. (PPC).

MISSISSIPPI - Larvae of H. postica decreased in Oktibbeha, Marshall, and Pontotoc
Counties. Highest in Pontotoc, 3.7 per 20 stems. (Pitre). ARKANSAS - New adults
damaged new growth alfalfa following first cutting in Boone County. (Roberts).
Larvae 75-80 in 100 sweeps of alfalfa in Washington County. No adults collected.
Highest numbers ever collected in area. (Boyer). OKLAHOMA - Averages per 100
sweeps of alfalfa by county and location as follows: Adair - Baron, 252;
Sequoyah - Moffett, 28; Delaware 17; Ottawa - Junction of State Highways 10 and
10C, 10; Mayes - 3 miles northwest of Locust Grove,14. Adair, Ottawa, and Mayes
Counties are new county records. Adults averaged 2 per 100 sweeps on June 4 at
Romia, Bryan County, and two miles south and two miles west of Gay, Choctaw
County. These are new county records. Collected May 13 and 14. Determined by

D. Anderson. (Okla. Coop. Sur.). NEW MEXICO - Damage moderate, larvae ranged
12-25 per 25 sweeps in alfalfa at Los Lunas, Valencia County. (Heninger).
COLORADO - Larvae 500-1,000 per 100 sweeps in uncut, unsprayed alfalfa in Weld,
Larimer, and Boulder Counties. Damage very heavy. Adults 50-100 per 100 sweeps
(Johnson). SOUTH DAKOTA - Continued to build up rapidly in alfalfa in northern
Black Hills. Counts of 2,000+ larvae per 100 sweeps in 5-year-old field near St.
Onge, Lawrence County. Mostly first and second instars. Fields east of Spearfish,
Lawrence County, 228 adults per 100 sweeps. Weevils appeared more general than
expected. Extensive damage expected to appear in alfalfa in 7 to 10 days. (Jones,
Walstrom). WYOMING - Larvae increased week ending May 30 in southeastern area.
Average per 100 sweeps by county: Platte adults 51 (larvae 225); Goshen adults
22 (larvae 140); Laramie adults 6 (larvae 39). Weevil development ahead of 1968
in southeastern area. Currently, larvae ranged 25-72 per sweep in 3 alfalfa
fields in Washakie County. (Burkhardt). Adults ranged 4-300, larvae 0-8,000 per
100 sweeps in south-central and Big Horn BaSin areas. Average per 100 sweeps by
county: Carbon 1 larva (4 adults); Fremont 511 larvae (127 adults); Hot Springs
762 larvae (82 adults); Washakie 1,160 larvae (72 adults); Big Horn 2,612 larvae
(119 adults); Park 276 larvae (68 adults). Damage evident in Washakie and Big
Horn Counties. (Parshall). UTAH - High in many Piute County alfalfa fields. Much
spraying. (Chapman, Knowlton, June 4). OREGON - Larvae building up in Crook
County alfalfa. (Every).

- 425 -

CLOVER HEAD WEEVIL (Hypera meles) - MISSOURI - Larvae and adults on hop and white
clovers in Dade, Jasper, PoIkK, and Stone Counties. These are new county records.

(Munson).

BEAN LEAF BEETLE (Cerotoma trifurcata) - MISSISSIPPI - Moderate on cowpeas in
Oktibbeha County. About 2 to 3 per linear row foot. (Dinkins).

PEA APHID (Acyrthosiphon pisum) - WISCONSIN - Generally very light in alfalfa in
southern and central counties. Parasitism high. (Wis. Ins. Sur.). OKLAHOMA -
Averaged 100 per sweep in alfalfa in Washita County. Heavy in Mayes County.
Ranged 75-100 per 10 sweeps in Garvin and Bryan Counties. Light in Garfield
County. (Okla. Coop. Sur.). COLORADO - Light (500-1,000 per 100 sweeps) in most
alfalfa in Weld, Larimer, and Boulder Counties. (Johnson). WYOMING - Ranged 30-
1,000 per 100 sweeps on alfalfa in southeastern area week ending May 30.
Currently ranged 50-20,000 per 100 sweeps in south-central and Big Horn Basin
areas. Average per 100 sweeps by county: Carbon 90, Fremont 147, Hot Springs
1,225, Washakie 9,200, Big Horn 500, Park 470. High throughout Washakie County.
No damage apparent. (Parshall). UTAH - Light to moderate, 7-50 per 10 sweeps of
alfalfa in Sanpete and Millard Counties. (Knowlton, June 4).

LYGUS BUGS (Lygus spp.) - NEW MEXICO - Averaged 12-15 adults and 10-12 nymphs per
25 sweeps in alfalfa at Tucumcari, Quay County (Mathews) and 2-10 per 25 sweeps
in alfalfa in Los Lunas, Valencia County (Heninger). ARIZONA - Ranged 120 per

100 sweeps at Yuma, Yuma County. One seed field treated. (Ariz. Coop. Sur.).

UTAH - Adults 3-15 in 10 sweeps of alfalfa, nymphs more numerous, in Millard and
Sanpete Counties. (Knowlton, June 4). WYOMING - Average per 100 sweeps of alfalfa
by county May 30: Goshen 38, Platte 97, Laramie 18. Nymphs and adults per 100
sweeps by county: Carbon 15, Fremont 220, Hot Springs 462, Washakie 204, Big
Horn 277, Park 414. (Parshall). NEW JERSEY - Heavy in Gloucester County alfalfa
commencing to go to seed. (Ins.-Dis. NewSltr.). MICHIGAN - L. lineolaris
(tarnished plant bug) rapidly building up in all. alfalfa surveyed. Ranged from
low of 28 to high of 63 in 25 sweeps. (Newman, May 29).

ALFALFA PLANT BUG (Adelphocoris lineolatus) - WYOMING - Adults and nymphs averaged
205 per 100 sweeps in 6 alfalfa fields in Fremont, Hot Springs, and Big Horn
Counties. Light in other fields. (Parshall).

MEADOW SPITTLEBUG (Philaenus spumarius) - WISCONSIN - Averaged 2 per stem on
forage crops in central sands area. (Wis. Ins. Sur.). OHIO - Predominant plant
bug on forage crops in northern and southern areas. (Richter). MARYLAND - Adults
ranged 60-100 per sweep in 50 acres of red clover near Church Hill, Queen Annes
County. (U. Md., Ent. Dept.).

ALFALFA CATERPILLAR (Colias eurytheme) - ARIZONA - Averaged 2 per 100 sweeps in
alfalfa at Safford, Graham County. (Ariz. Coop. Sur.). WYOMING - Larvae averaged
4 per 100 sweeps in 3 alfalfa fields in Fremont and Hot Springs Counties.
(Parshall).

A TORTRICID MOTH (Choristoneura parallela) - INDIANA - Larvae swept from alfalfa
May 20 in West Lafayette, Tippecanoe County. Afterwards numerous others observed
throughout central areas. Determined by D.M. Weisman. This is a new State record.
(Huber).

A LEAFCUTTING BEE (Megachile rotundata) - IDAHO - First emergence of season May

22 at Marsing, Owyhee County. (Wilson). First appeared May 31 near Parma, Canyon
County. This earlier than usual. (Waters). WASHINGTON - First adult emergence in
nesting board under natural conditions May 27 at Prosser, Benton County. (Gerber).
NEVADA - Emerged from nonincubated nests at Lovelock, Pershing County, week ending
May 30. (Lauderdale).

= 426 =

COTTON

BOLL WEEVIL (Anthonomus grandis) - SOUTH CAROLINA - On 33 wing traps in 11

cotton fields in Florence County collected 7,417 during period April 7-June 3.
From May 28-June 3 collected 2,353 weevils. (Taft et al.). GEORGIA - Caught 45

in 3 traps June 2-6 in Spalding County (Beckham); overwintered weevils 0-140
(average 50) per acre in 8 fields in Randolph County; none in 2 treated fields,

75 per acre in untreated field in Tift County; 4 and 8 percent punctured squares
in 2 untreated fields in Turner County (Canerday, Womack). ALABAMA - Overwintered
weevils continue to emerge in rather large numbers on 4 to 12-leaf cotton in
southern counties. Cotton 5-15 days later than usual in southern and central area.
Overwintered weevils 50 per acre on 2 farms in Shelby County and in lower fringe
of northern area. (Gamble et al.). MISSISSIPPI - Overwintered weevils in 2 of 12
cotton fields checked in Yazoo County and one field in Lee County. (Dinkins). In

1 of 3 cotton fields checked weevils averaging 260 per acre in delta counties.

In 28 wing traps collected 13 weevils; total to date 229. (Pfrimmer et al.).
LOUISIANA - In Madison Parish 25 weevils recovered from 16 of 17 wing traps at

15 sites near spring ground trash collection sites; to date recovered 474 weevils.
From 10 wing traps near hibernation sites and checked daily 25 weevils recovered;
total to date 112. Total collected in all wing traps 2,368. (Cleveland et al.).
TEXAS - Found in 13 of 28 untreated McLennan and Falls Counties cotton fields;
averaged 82 per acre (maximum 500). Found in 5 of 55 treated fields; averaged 15
per acre (maximum 250). No weevils collected on flight screens. In McLennan
County hibernation sites 3 overwintered weevils taken on 21 wing traps; total for
season 1,025. (Cowan et al.). In southern areas weevil activity increased and
strip spraying of fields begun in some areas. In San Patricio, Bee, and Live Oak
Counties, large numbers moved into fields. Increased activity noted in De Witt
County, medium in Milam County. (Deer, Moore),.. ARKANSAS - Wing traps operated in
several locations. In most cases very few weevils taken in areas where diapause
control applied. In Yell County, 22 weevils caught on 5 traps week of May 19 in
area where diapause control not applied. In heavily wooded area of Columbia County
where diapause control adequate,. 671 weevils taken on 5 wing traps week of May 26.
(Boyer, Barnes). TENNESSEE - Few weevils present over number found past period.
Feeding signs present in regularly infested area. (Locke).

BOLLWORMS (Heliothis spp.) - SOUTH CAROLINA - First report for season. About second
instars feeding on leaves of cotton in lower Florence County. Relatively heavy for
time of year. (Nettles, May 28). Collected 3 moths in light trap at Florence,
Florence County; total to date 212. (Taft et al.). ALABAMA - Small larvae light
and few eggs in most fields examined in Henry and Houston Counties. Few larvae
entered squares. (McQueen). TENNESSEE - First of season on seedling cotton in
western area. (Locke). MISSISSIPPI - Larvae in 2 of 3 cotton fields checked in
delta counties. Collected 205 H. zea in 60 sex lure traps; total to date 1,148.
(Pfrimmer et al.). ARKANSAS - Light trap catches of H. zea continue very light;
single specimens taken at Hope, Hemstead County, and at Kelso, Desha County, May
29 to June 4. (Boyer). LOUISIANA - In Madison Parish blacklight trap collected 15
H. zea, 3 H. virescens. In 2 cotton fields checked none found in one field, but
4 larvae and 5 eggs found in 100 terminals in other field. (Cleveland et al.).
TEXAS - Average counts per 100 terminals in McLennan and Falls Counties: Eggs 1,
larvae 0.3 in 55 treated fields; eggs 0.5, larvae 0.2 in 28 untreated fields.
Eggs and/or larvae collected on Texas star, phlox, corn, sleepy catchfly, and
horsemint this period. Fourty-four larvae previously collected from native hosts
identified H. zea. One larva from phlox identified H. virescens. Total to date

on all hosts 254 H. zea and 4 H. virescens. Five larvae previously collected on
cotton identified H. zea. (Cowan et al.). H. zea and H. virescens light in most
areas of Rio Grande Valley. Light in cotton in Williamson County. (Deer,
Wakefield).

TARNISHED PLANT BUG (Lygus lineolaris) - MISSISSIPPI - Adults averaged 5 per 100
row feet (maximum 7.5) in 3 preSquaring cotton fields in delta counties.
(Pfrimmer et al.).

= 427 =

COTTON FLEAHOPPER (Pseudatomoscelis seriatus) - TEXAS - Light, ranged 3-5 per 100
terminals in Williamson and Jackson Counties. Increased in eastern parts of
Willacy and Cameron Counties and in De Witt County. Continues to build up on wild
hosts in Blacklands counties; some nymphs noted in cotton. No damage expected
until cotton starts squaring. Very light in Falls, McLennan, Navarro, Ellis, and
Dallas Counties. (Wilson et al.). Averaged 1 per 100 terminals in 55 treated
fields, 0.7 in 28 untreated fields in McLennan and Falls Counties. Averaged 14.2
per sweep in 9 fields of horsemint, 10.1 in 1 field of evening-primrose. (Cowan
ecealle.)\.

A FLEAHOPPER (Spanogonicus albofasciatus) - ARIZONA - Averaged 4 per 100 sweeps in
Graham and Greenlee Counties week ending May 29. Currently averaged 4 per 100
sweeps in Pima, Pinal, and Maricopa Counties. (Ariz. Coop. Sur.).

COTTON APHID (Aphis gossypii) - TENNESSEE - Apparently declining; probably
associated with increase of lady beetles. (Locke). ARKANSAS - Heavier than past
several years but noneconomic; possibly due to favorable weather. (Boyer,
Barnes). TEXAS - Increased slightly in Blacklands area but still at low levels.
Reported on cotton in Williamson County, no damage evident. (Turney, Wakefield).
NEW MEXICO - Light spotted infestations in northern Dona Ana County fields.
(Elson).

THRIPS - GEORGIA - Moderate on Spalding County cotton. (Beckham). TENNESSEE -
Averaged 6 per plant in untreated cotton fields near or adjoining small grains.
(Locke). MISSISSIPPI - Frankliniella spp. remain high in untreated fields in Lee
County; averaged 25-30 per 20 plants. Numbers reduced below last week's level in
untreated fields checked in Yazoo County. (Dinkins). Light to moderate in late
fields in delta counties. (Pfrimmer et al.). ARIZONA - F. occidentalis (western
flower thrips) light on cotton statewide. Cotton in excellent condition. (Ariz.
Coop. Sur., May 29). ARKANSAS - Thrips light, crop passed susceptible stage.
Except for extreme northeastern area, ample moisture kept roadside vegetation
green reducing migration. (Boyer, Barnes). MISSOURI - On cotton in southeast
area. Controls applied. (Jones). OKLAHOMA - Averaged 2 per plant on 2 to 3-leaf
cotton in Garvin County and ranged 9-30 per 20 plants on 2 to 4-leaf cotton in
Jackson County. (Okla. Coop. Sur.). TEXAS - Medium in Milam County on cotton.
Light to medium in Williamson and Jackson Counties. Increased and caused some
damage in untreated fields in Blacklands area. Light to medium in Hill, Ellis,
Navarro, Dallas, Collin, McLennan, and Falls Counties. Noted in several fields
that had systemic insecticide seed treatment. (Moore et al.). NEW MEXICO - Damage
minor to foliage in several fields checked in northern Dona Ana County. (Elson).

SPIDER MITES (Tetranychus spp.) - MISSISSIPPI - Remain problem in scattered
locations in delta counties. (Pfrimmer et al.). ARIZONA - One small field
required treatment for T. turkestani (strawberry spider mite) at Yuma, Yuma
County. (Ariz. Coop. Sur.).

TOBACCO

TOBACCO FLEA BEETLE (Epitrix hirtipennis) - MARYLAND - Adults heavy, ranged 3-6
per tobacco plant in Anne Arundel and Prince Georges Counties. Controls needed in
several fields. (U. Md., Ent. Dept.). VIRGINIA - About 100 feeding punctures on
some tobacco leaves in 10-acre field of untreated newly set tobacco in
Pittsylvania County on May 28. (Dominick).

POTATO STALK BORER (Trichobaris trinotata) - GEORGIA - Eating "shot-holes" into
tobacco leaves in corner of fields in Atkinson County. (Miles).

CABBAGE LOOPER (Trichoplusia ni) - GEORGIA - Heavy on bottom leaves of tobacco in
Ware County. (Canerday).

CUTWORMS - SOUTH CAROLINA - One grower lost 60 percent of tobacco in Lee County.
(Linder, May 28).

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GREEN PEACH APHID (Myzus persicae) - VIRGINIA - Averaged 1 per plant in 2-acre
field of newly set tobacco in Pittsylvania County on May 27. (Dominick).

SLUGS - WISCONSIN - Several tobacco seedbeds destroyed in Dane County. Control
underway. (Wis. Ins. Sur.).

SUGARBEETS

BEET WEBWORM (Loxostege sticticalis) - WYOMING - Moths active in sugarbeet fields
of Washakie County. (Burkhardt). COLORADO - Adults heavy past few weeks in north-
eastern and east-central areas. Eggs in many areas. (Hoff et al.).

PALE WESTERN CUTWORM (Agrotis orthogonia) - WYOMING - About 8 acres of sugarbeets
treated and replanted in Wheatland area, Platte County. Area plowed from waste-
land in spring. (Landen, May 30).

SALT-MARSH CATERPILLAR (Estigmene acrea) - WYOMING - Adults active and laying
eggs on sugarbeets on experiment Station at Torrington, Goshen County. (Parshall,

May 30).

A CARRION BEETLE (Silpha bituberosa) - WYOMING - Larvae and adults causing damage
in some fields in Powell area, Park County, and Worland area, Washakie County.
Generally light, averaged 3 per 100 row feet. Heaviest 2 per linear foot. Controls
applied in fields showing severe damage. (Burkhardt, May 30).

SPINACH LEAF MINER (Pegomya hyoscyami) - WYOMING - Adults active and laying eggs
on sugarbeets on experiment station at Torrington, Goshen County. Few larvae in
leaves. (Parshall, May 30). COLORADO - Larvae very light in northeastern area
due to systemic controls and sugarbeets outgrowing damage. (Johnson).

SUGAR-BEET ROOT MAGGOT (Tetanops myopaeformis) - WYOMING - Adults active in sugar-
beet fields of Park, Big Horn, WaShakie, and Hot Springs Counties. (Parshall).
COLORADO - Larval damage appearing in Weld, Larimer, and Boulder Counties.
(Jenkins, Johnson).

TWO-SPOTTED SPIDER MITE (Tetranychus urticae) - WASHINGTON - Starting to damage
sugarbeets, infestation earlier this year at Toppenish, Yakima County. (Landis).

MISCELLANEOUS FIELD CROPS

TWO-SPOTTED SPIDER MITE (Tetranychus urticae) - WASHINGTON - Adult females 25-50
per leaf, laying eggs, and webbing. Infesting 80 acres of hops. Heaviest
infestation on hops this early for last 5 years at Satus, Yakima County. (Cone).

POTATOES, TOMATOES, PEPPERS

COLORADO POTATO BEETLE (Leptinotarsa decemlineata) - NEW HAMPSHIRE - First adult
activity at Durham, Strafford County, May 30. (Sutherland). TENNESSEE - Generally
heavy on potatoes in southwest areas. (Locke). OKLAHOMA - Adults and larvae
causing heavy damage to home garden potatoes in Major County. (Okla. Coop. Sur.,
May 31). COLORADO - Larvae appearing and causing damage in unsprayed potato
fields in Weld County. (Johnson). IDAHO - Averaged 5 adults and 9 egg clusters
per 40 row feet on potatoes in 3 to 4-leaf stage at Aberdeen, Bingham County.
(Carpenter).

TOMATO FRUITWORM (Heliothis zea) - ARIZONA - Tomato fields treated at Yuma, Yuma
County. (Ariz. Coop. Sur.). TEXAS - Light in several tomato fields in Harris
County. (Portie, Green). SOUTH CAROLINA - Light on tomatoes in Richland County.
(Thomas).

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LEAF-FOOTED BUG (Leptoglossus phyllopus) - ALABAMA - Adults of overwintered
generation heavy on tomatoes in southern Mobile County. (Nelson et al.).

TOMATO RUSSET MITE (Aculops lycopersici) - CALIFORNIA - Heavy on tomato at Bard
in Imperial County. (Cal. Coop. Rpt.).

BEANS AND PEAS

ALFALFA CATERPILLAR (Colias eurytheme) - IDAHO - Larvae damaging peas, controls
applied at Lewiston, Nez Perce County. (Kambitsch).

GREEN CLOVERWORM (Plathypena scabra) - DELAWARE - First larvae of season present
on string beans in Sussex County. (Burbutis).

WESTERN YELLOW-STRIPED ARMYWORM (Prodenia praefica) - IDAHO - Small larvae found
in pea field at Lewiston, Nez Perce County. Severe defoliation occurred where
concentrated May 29. (Kambitsch).

MEXICAN BEAN BEETLE (Epilachna varivestis) - DELAWARE - Eggs present on string
beans in Sussex County. (Burbutis). MARYLAND - Egg laying and adult feeding heavy
in many small garden plots in southern areas. Adults active statewide. (U. Md.,
Ent. Dept.). SOUTH CAROLINA - Eggs hatching and larvae numerous on snap beans
throughout State. (Thomas, May 28). GEORGIA - Moderate to heavy in Tift County
snap beans. (Todd). ALABAMA - Overwintered adults heavy on garden beans at
Monroeville, Monroe County. Adults overwintered in large numbers throughout
State, especially in south area. (Lemons et al.). IDAHO - One adult and several
egg masses found on garden beans in Boise, Ada County. First activity of season.
(Fisher).

COLE CROPS

CABBAGE LOOPER (Trichoplusia ni) - GEORGIA - Common on Spalding County cabbage.
(Dupree). TEXAS = Light to medium on cabbage in Klein community of Harris
County. Under control and not causing excessive damage. (Portie, Green).

IMPORTED CABBAGEWORM (Pieris rapae) - TENNESSEE - Increasing on cabbage in
western area; 5-6 larvae per untreated cabbage head. (Quillin). NEW HAMPSHIRE -
First eggs at Stratham, Rockingham County, week ending May 27. (Sutherland).

CABBAGE SEEDPOD WEEVIL (Ceutorhynchus assimilis) - CALIFORNIA - Adults heavy on
radish seed heads at Gualala, Mendocino County. (Cal. Coop. Rpt.).

CUCURBITS

STRIPED CUCUMBER BEETLE (Acalymma vittatum) - MISSISSIPPI - Heavy on cucumbers
in experimental plots in Oktibbeha County; 10-15 per linear row foot. (Dinkins).

SPOTTED CUCUMBER BEETLE (Diabrotica undecimpunctata howardi) - WISCONSIN - Up to
30 per plant on cucumbers in La Crosse County. (Wis. Ins. Sur.).

GENERAL VEGETABLES

A WEEVIL (Pantomorus pallidus) - OKLAHOMA - Heavy on sweetpotatoes in Cleveland
County. (OKla. Coop. Sur., May 31).

ONION MAGGOT (Hylemya antiqua) - WISCONSIN - Damaged onions in vegetable gardens
in Price, Green Lake, and Adams Counties. (Wis. Ins. Sur.). COLORADO - Larvae
infesting 1 onion plant per 50 row feet in field at Fort Lupton, Weld County.
Damage appearing. (Johnson).

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ONION THRIPS (Thrips tabaci) - COLORADO - Ranged 0-30 per onion plant in Weld,
Boulder, and Larimer Counties. Damage appearing where counts 20-30 per plant.
(Johnson).

WEATHER OF WEEK ENDING JUNE 9

HIGHLIGHTS: Warming continued over the West. Central and East experienced change-
able temperatures with many areas receiving light to heavy showers.

PRECIPITATION: Spotty local showers left an uneven precipitation pattern over
most of the central and eastern portions of the Nation. Little rain of importance
fell from California to the central and southern Rockies. Showers and thunder-
storms occurred in the warm air ahead of and near an eastward moving cold front
early in the week. Some of the thunderstorms were accompanied by hail, strong
winds, and heavy downpours. Cold rain fell in the vicinity of the Great Lakes on
Tuesday while turbulent weather occurred from southeastern Kansas to Texas.

More rough weather struck the central Great Plains on Wednesday. A tornado
damaged more than a dozen farmsteads near Belmont, Wisconsin; other tornadoes hit
Iowa, Missouri, and Illinois. Hail ranging from golf ball to baseball size pelted
spots in northern Missouri. Violent winds uprooted trees north of Claxton, Georgia,
early Wednesday afternoon. Spotty thundershowers occurred in New England on
Tuesday, Friday, and Monday. A storm unroofed homes and uprooted trees in Chesham,
New Hampshire, on Friday. The worst hailstorm in many years struck Parkersburg,
West Virginia, on Sunday. Some of the hailstones were as large as golf balls.
Hailstones approached that size at Ashland, Oregon.

TEMPERATURE: Temperatures ranged widely last week. Cool air moved into the Great
Plains early in the week and spread eastward. By midweek, minimums in the 30's
were common near the northern Great Lakes and in northern New England. In contrast,
summer heat baked the Far Southwest. Fresno, California, registered 109° Tuesday
afternoon. The hot weather spread northward and eastward with 100° heat reaching
the desert areas of Washington by midweek and parts of the central Great Plains by
Thursday. Scottsbluff, Nebraska, warmed to 98° on Thursday aftexgnoon from 31°
Monday morning. Numerous stations from southwestern Iowa registered 100° or higher
on Friday. The heat wave continued eastward over the weekend with afternoon
temperatures reaching the 90's as far north as Kentucky and Virginia on Sunday
afternoon. Meanwhile, cooler air moved into the North Central States dropping
early morning temperatures to the 30's and 40's over parts of the northern Great
Plains and Great Lakes region, Sault Ste. Marie, Michigan, registered 32° on
Sunday morning. In general, temperatures averaged above normal over the West and
below normal over the East and South. Temperatures averaged 6° to 9° below normal
near the Great Lakes and from central Texas to Birmingham, Alabama, and 9° to 14°
above normal from eastern Washington and western Montana to central Nevada.
(Summary supplied by Environmental Data Service, ESSA.)

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DECIDUOUS FRUITS AND NUTS

CODLING MOTH (Laspeyresia pomonella) - UTAH - Flights heavy in Box Elder County

and moderately heavy in Utah County. (Knowlton, June 2). IDAHO - First injury of
season on l-inch apples May 29 at Fruitland, Payette County. (Homan). NEW YORK -
First adult emergence May 26 at Geneva, Ontario County. (N.Y. Wkly. Rpt.).

ORIENTAL FRUIT MOTH (Grapholitha molesta) - TEXAS - On plums in home orchard
near Graham, Young County, for a new county record. Determined by D.M. Weisman.
(Green). MICHIGAN - Active in neglected Allegan County peach block; much dieback
of new growth. (Thompson, May 29). NEW JERSEY - Caught 32 in trap May 27 to June
3 at Glassboro, Gloucester County. (Ins.-Dis. Newsltr.).

PEACH TWIG BORER (Anarsia lineatella) - UTAH - Moderate at Brigham and Willard,
Box Elder County. (Knowlton, June 2). ARIZONA - Infested apricot and plum fruit
in Salt River Valley, Maricopa County. (Ariz. Coop. Sur.).

TORTRICID MOTHS - MICHIGAN - Argyrotaenia velutinana (red-banded leaf roller)
hatched; larvae feeding on leaves and newly forming fruit. Will continue through
most of June if not controlled. (Thompson, May 29). WYOMING - Archips
argyrospilus (fruit-tree leaf roller) larvae heavy on ornamental ciStena cherry
at Cheyenne, Laramie County. (Spackman, May 30).

AEGERIID MOTHS (Sanninoidea spp.) - NEW MEXICO - Young Sanninoidea sp. larvae
girdling peach trees in home plantings and commercial orchards in Bernalillo and
Sandoval Counties. (Heninger). WASHINGTON - First full-grown S. exitiosa (peach
tree borer) larvae in cocoons on peach June 3 at Parker, Yakima County. (Johnson).

A TENT CATERPILLAR (Malacosoma californicum pluviale) - OREGON - Larvae locally
abundant in home orchards in WaShington County. Some apple and cherry trees

completely defoliated. Larvae migrating and spinning cocoons May 31. (Goeden).

PLUM CURCULIO (Conotrachelus nenuphar) - WYOMING - Adults on apple trees at
Cheyenne, Laramie County. (Patch, May 30). OKLAHOMA - Punctures heavy in native
plums in Stephens County. (Okla. Coop. Sur., May 31). MICHIGAN - First egg

laying stings found May 28 from Berrien to Kent Counties. (Thompson). NEW JERSEY -
Found 19 in 10 minutes June 3 at Glassboro, Gloucester County. (Ins.-Dis. Newsltr.).
CONNECTICUT - Injury easy to find on untreated fruit statewide. (Kollas, June 3).

APHIDS - CALIFORNIA - Rhopalosiphum padi nymphs and adults heavy on cherry and
almond trees in Placer County, medium on rose bushes at Geyserville, Sonoma
County. This aphid increasing host range; now found on fruits, nuts, and
ornamentals more frequently. Dysaphis plantaginea (rosy apple aphid) medium in
apple orchards at Sebastopol, Sonoma County. (Cal. Coop. Rpt.). NEVADA - Myzus
cerasSi (black cherry aphid) light on cherry at Elko, Elko County. (Zunino).
Brachycaudus helichrysi and Phorodon humuli (hop aphid) light to heavy on plum
at Elko, Elko County. (Peters, Zunino). NEW MEXICO - Myzus persicae (green peach
aphid) moderately heavy, curled peach leaves in Sandoval and Bernalillo Counties.
(Heninger).

WHITE APPLE LEAFHOPPER (Typhlocyba pomaria) - MICHIGAN - Nymphs active in south-
western area; first hatch underway in Kent County problem orchards. (Thompson,
May 29).

BLACK CHERRY FRUIT FLY (Rhagoletis fausta) - NEW YORK - First captured in seeded
cages May 27 at Geneva, Ontario County. (N.Y. Wkly. Rpt.).

SPIDER MITES - CALIFORNIA - Bryobia rubrioculus adults heavy on apple trees at
Skaggs Springs, Sonoma County. (Cal. Coop. Rpt.). UTAH - Panonychus ulmi
(European red mite) injury at Provo and Orem, Utah County. Damage conspicuous
in cherry orchard. Serious orchard mite damage at Hurricane, Washington County.
Tetranychus medanieli injured fruit trees unusually early at Santaquin, Utah

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County. (Davis et al., June 4). MICHIGAN - P. ulmi light to moderate where
inadequate coverage resulted in early season oil programs. Second-generation
egg deposits showing on undersides of leaves. (Thompson, May 29).

PEAR LEAF BLISTER MITE (Eriophyes pyri) - WASHINGTON - Damage severe on Golden
Delicious apple at Belvidere, Okanogan County. (Rushmore).

PECAN NUT CASEBEARER (Acrobasis caryae) - OKLAHOMA - New eggs ranged 1-8 per 100
nut clusters in Love and Jefferson Counties. Light, less than 1 percent, in
Garvin and Carter Counties. Infestation 3-5 percent in Le Flore County; some
red eggs in Payne and Tulsa Counties. (Okla. Coop. Sur., May 31).

SAN JOSE SCALE (Aspidiotus perniciosus) - CALIFORNIA - Heavy in almond orchards
at Winters, Yolo County. (Cal. Coop. Rpt.).

PECAN PHYLLOXERA (Phylloxera devastatrix) - GEORGIA - Moderate on pecan foliage
in Spalding County. (Tippins).

BLACK-MARGINED APHID (Monellia costalis) - NEW MEXICO - Up to 20 per leaf on pecan
trees checked in Dona Ana County. (ElSon).

TARNISHED PLANT BUG (Lygus lineolaris) - OKLAHOMA - Damaging nutlets and small
twigs of pecans in WaShington County. (Okla. Coop. Sur.).

CITRUS

Citrus Insect Situation in Florida - End of May - CITRUS RUST MITE (Phyllocoptruta
oleivora) infested 72 (norm percent of groves; 56 (norm 27) percent economic.
Decreased on leaves and fruit. Still above normal and in high range. Further
decrease expected through June but will continue above normal and heavy infesta-
tions may be expected in about 20 percent of groves. Highest districts west and
north. TEXAS CITRUS MITE (Eutetranychus banksi) infested 38 (norm 59) percent of
groves; 19 (norm 38) percent economic. Increased slightly and expected to remain
near present sSubnormal level. Highest districts central and north. CITRUS RED
MITE (Panonychus citri) infested 46 (norm 57) percent of groves; 18 (norm 32)
percent economic. Slight increase expected through June. Will remain subnormal,
scattered and spotty. Highest districts west and north. SIX-SPOTTED MITE
(Eotetranychus sexmaculatus) infested 17 percent of groves; 2 percent economic.
Near normal, moStly in unSprayed groves. Decrease expected. GLOVER SCALE
(Lepidosaphes gloverii) infested 80 (norm 84) percent of groves; 15 (norm 28)
percent economic. Near high range but below normal. Slight increase expected.
Highest districts south and west. PURPLE SCALE (L. beckii) infested 78 (norm

81) percent of groves; 8 (norm 12) percent economic. Little change expected from
current low and subnormal level. Highest district north. CHAFF SCALE (Parlatoria
pergandii) infested 54 (norm 69) percent of groves; 2 (norm 15) percent economic.
Will remain Ssubnormal and in low range. YELLOW SCALE (Aonidiella citrina) infested
70 (norm 66) percent of groves; 6 (norm 11) percent economic. Expected to remain
near current moderate level which is slightly below normal. Highest districts
north and south. An ARMORED SCALE (Unaspis citri) activity temporarily low.

BLACK SCALE (Saissetia oleae) infested 44 (norm 48) percent of groves; 18 (norm
26) percent economic. Still below normal but’ will increase rapidly into high

range. Highest districts east, central, and west. MEALYBUGS infested 32 percent
of groves; 11 percent economic. Increase from normal level will continue through
June. Few heavy infestations expected through July. WHITEFLIES slightly above
normal May level and will remain high through July. (W.A. Simanton (Citrus Expt.
Sta., Lake Alfred)).

BLACK CITRUS APHID (Toxoptera aurantii) - CALIFORNIA - Nymphs and adults heavy at
Saint Helena, Napa County. (Cal. Coop. Rpt.).

CITRUS THRIPS (Scirtothrips citri) - ARIZONA - Increasing; second treatments
applied at Yuma, Yuma County. (Ariz. Coop. Sur.).

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CITRICOLA SCALE (Coccus pseudomagnoliarum) - CALIFORNIA - Medium at Gridley, Butte
County. (Cal. Coop. Rpt.).

CITRUS RED MITE (Panonychus citri) - ARIZONA - Decreasing rapidly at Yuma, Yuma
County, with higher daily temperatures. (Ariz. Coop. Sur.).

SMALL FRUITS

GRAPE FLEA BEETLE (Altica chalybea) - OHIO - Larvae well developed in central
area. Complaints on wild and domestic grapes unusually numerous in Franklin,
Licking (Lyon, Jones), and Perry Counties (Walker).

EASTERN RASPBERRY FRUITWORM (Byturus rubi) - NEW HAMPSHIRE - Adults feeding on
blossom buds of raspberry May 26-27 at Durham, Strafford County, and Salem,
Rockingham County. (Mason, Sutherland).

STRAWBERRY WEEVIL (Anthonomus signatus) - NEW HAMPSHIRE - Adults on raspberry
May 26-27 at Durham, Strafford County, and Salem, Rockingham County. (Mason,
Sutherland).

A TORTRICID MOTH (Archips georgiana) - NEW JERSEY - Outnumbers all cranberry
pests; potentially very destructive. (Ins.-Dis. Newsltr.).

CRANBERRY FRUITWORM (Acrobasis vaccinii) - NEW JERSEY - Small larvae readily
found in unsprayed blueberry areas. Flights heavy; will continue about 2 more
weeks. (Ins.-Dis. Newsltr.).

BLUEBERRY BUD MITE (Aceria vaccinii) - NEW JERSEY - Damage moderate on Weymouth
blueberries at Hammonton, Atlantic County. (Ins.-Dis. Newsltr.).

ORNAMENTALS

BAGWORM (Thyridopteryx ephemeraeformis) - ILLINOIS - Hatching in southern
sections. (Sur. Bull.).

BROWN GARDEN SNAIL (Helix aspersa) - FLORIDA - Adults moderate May 28 on 80 of
800 golddusttrees at Jacksonville, Duval County. (King, Collins).

FOREST AND SHADE TREES

SPRUCE BUDWORM (Choristoneura fumiferana) - MICHIGAN - Middle to late instars
moderately heavy, damaging new growth of blue spruce in several Kalamazoo
locations. AS many as 10-12 larvae per spruce bough. Some pupation. (Thompson,
May 29). MINNESOTA - In third instar in northern area. Still heavy in all
areas where defoliation moderate to heavy in 1968. (Minn. Pest. Rpt.).

OMNIVOROUS LEAF TIER (Cnephasia longana) - OREGON - Larvae infested Douglas-fir
Christmas tree plantings in Clackamas County. Unusual host for this species.
(Every).

ADELGIDS - WEST VIRGINIA - Pineus sp. causing needle drop on Roane County white
pine. (W. Va. Ins. Sur.). OHIO - P. strobi (pine bark aphid) eggs and nymphs heavy
on block of 2,000 white pines in Licking County. (Walker). RHODE ISLAND - New
Adelges abietis (eastern Spruce gall aphid) and A. cooleyi (Cooley spruce gall
aphid) galIs evident on blue spruce in Wahington County. (Field).

SPRUCE BUD SCALE (Physokermes piceae) - IDAHO - General on blue spruce at Boise,
Ada County; required control. Hatching expected soon. (Hilfiker, June 3).

A CONIFER SAWFLY (Neodiprion pratti pratti) - WEST VIRGINIA - Severely damaged
pitch pine in several-Square-mile area South of Webb, Wayne County. (W. Va. Ins.
Sure).

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ALLEGHENY MOUND ANT (Formica exsectoides) - NEW HAMPSHIRE - Damaging Christmas
tree plantation May 29 at Barrington, Strafford County. (Sutherland).

FOREST TENT CATERPILLAR (Malacosoma disstria) - OHIO - Larval damage widespread
in Washington County; completely defoliated 2 small areas of sapling and pole-
sized maples. (Soine). ILLINOIS - Defoliation moderate to heavy on 10,000 acres
of pin oaks in Jackson County. (USFS). MINNESOTA - About 65 percent fourth
instar, 25 percent late third, and rest second and fifth instars. Defoliation
apparent from Ash Lake to International Falls to Loman and Littlefork in
Koochiching County. Sarcophaga aldrichi (a flesh fly) common. (Minn. Pest Rpt.).

EASTERN TENT CATERPILLAR (MalacoSoma americanum) - OHIO - Cocoons in Athens
County May 26; first adult in blacklight trap May 30 at Marietta, Washington
County. (Richter). WISCONSIN - In fifth instar and about to pupate. Defoliation
severe on chokecherry, wild black cherry, and untreated apple trees. Heaviest
in southern Walworth County. (Wis. Ins. Sur.). MINNESOTA - Mostly in fourth
instar with some fifth instars. (Minn. Pest Rpt.).

SPRING CANKERWORM (Paleacrita vernata) - SOUTH DAKOTA - Economic near Highmore,
Hyde County, and Mission, Todd County; treated 22 acres of shelterbelts at
Highmore. (Desmet, Paynter, May 29). Economic near Miller, Hand County, and near
Chamberlain, Brule County. (Anderson et al.).

SATIN MOTH (Stilpnotia salicis) - IDAHO - Larvae defoliated willows; crawling on
outer walls of buildings at New Meadows, Adams County, May 29. (Gibson). OREGON -
Larvae defoliated some willows at Salem, Marion County. Adults emerged June 2.
(Fisher, Goeden).

FALL WEBWORM (Hyphantria cunea) - ARKANSAS - First specimens of season collected
from sweetgum in Union County May 29 by E.L. Young and A.A. Beavers. Determined
by Warren. (Boyer).

ELM LEAF BEETLE (Pyrrhalta luteola) - ARIZONA - Damaging foliage of Chinese elms
at Safford, Graham County. (Ariz. Coop. Sur., May 29). UTAH - Injury conspicuous
and increasing in many areas. (Knowlton, June 4). COLORADO - Adults and larvae
heavy on Chinese elms in Mesa County. (Sisson). NEW MEXICO - Larvae and adults
heavy; damaged foliage of Siberian elms at Los Lunas, Valencia County. Eggs and
larvae very abundant. (Heninger). OKLAHOMA - Heavy on Siberian elms in many
sections. Young crawlers beginning heavy feeding. (Okla. Coop. Sur., May 31).
KANSAS - Larvae feeding in Riley County. (Simpson). RHODE ISLAND - Eggs on
Washington County elms. (Mathewson). NEW HAMPSHIRE - First eggs May 26 at Durham,
Strafford County. (Sutherland).

PERIODICAL CICADA (Magicicada septendecim) - VIRGINIA - First detected in
Washington County May 24. Concentrations will be very heavy. (Derting). Active in
Pittsylvania County May 26. (Dominick). Light to heavy in Bland County. (Mallory).

APHIDS - WYOMING - Colopha ulmicola (elm cockscomb-gall aphid) heavy on elms at
Cheyenne, Laramie County; controls applied. (Patch, May 30). WEST VIRGINIA -

Periphyllus lyropictus (Norway-maple aphid) heavy statewide, causing leaf drop
and heavy amounts of honeydew. (W. Va. Ins. Sur.).

AN OAK KERMES SCALE (Kermes pubescens) - OKLAHOMA - Twigs falling from Payne
County pin oaks. Damaging blackjack oak in Lincoln County. (Okla. Coop. Sur.,
May 31). KANSAS - Heavy on Riley and Johnson County oaks. (Simpson).

EUROPEAN FRUIT LECANIUM (Lecanium corni) - OKLAHOMA - Heavy on American elm in
Muskogee County; crawlers active, 15 percent parasitized. (Okla. Coop. Sur.).

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OYSTERSHELL SCALE (Lepidosaphes ulmi) - WISCONSIN - About half hatched; some
forming exuvial covering. Many Still under mother scale in Dane County. (Wis.
Ins. Sur.). ILLINOIS - Hatch underway in central and southern areas. (Sur.
Bull)

A MIDGE (Dasineura gleditchiae) - IDAHO - Spring generation of adults emerging
from heavily infested honeylocust at Blackfoot, Bingham County; larvae and pupae
numerous May 27. (Renberg).

MAN AND ANIMALS

SCREW-WORM (Cochliomyia hominivorax) - Total of 14 cases reported in U.S. June 1-7,
as follows: TEXAS - Coke I, Glasscock 1, Guadalupe 2, Hidalgo 1, Kimble 1,

Medina 1, Sterling 1, Uvalde 1; NEW MEXICO - Eddy 1, Grant 1; ARIZONA - Gila 1,
Santa Cruz 1; CALIFORNIA - Imperial 1. Total of 75 cases reported in portion of
Barrier Zone in Republic of Mexico May 25-31 as follows: Sonora 43, Chihuahua

16, Coahuila 2, Nuevo Leon 6, Tamaulipas 8. Total of 5 cases reported in Mexico
south of Barrier Zone. Barrier Zone is area where eradication operation underway
to prevent establishment of self-sustaining population in U.S. Sterile screw-worm
flies released: Texas 71,888,000; New Mexico 3,280,000; Arizona 6,980,000;
California 800,000; Mexico 83,880,000. (Anim. Health Div.).

CATTLE GRUBS (Hypoderma spp.) - WASHINGTON - Hypoderma sp. annoying cattle in
field June 4 at Pullman, Whitman County. (Telford). COLORADO - H. lineatum
(common cattle grub) adults and other flies annoying Weld County cattle.

(Urano). WISCONSIN - H. bovis (northern cattle grub) adults running Barron County
cattle. (Wis. Ins. Sur.).

HORSE BOT FLY (Gasterophilus intestinalis) - OKLAHOMA - One adult per horse in
Payne County. (Okla. Coop. Sur., May 31).

FACE FLY (Musca autumnalis) - GEORGIA - Heavy on Polk County beef cattle. (Stowe,
Nolan). VERMONT —- Abundant in Chittenden County. (Nielson, MacCollom, June 3).
ILLINOIS - Average per head by district: Southwest 8.9, southeast 6.8, and west-
southwest 1.0. (Ill. Ins. Rpt.). IOWA - Ranged 5-35 (average 20) per face on
herd of cows and calves in Jones*County. (Iowa Ins. Inf.). WISCONSIN - Very light
in most counties. (Wis. Ins. Sur.). OREGON - Problem in Josephine, Jackson, and
Grant Counties. (Every). Averaged 10 per cow in Washington County. (Goeden).

HOUSE FLY (Musca domestica) - FLORIDA - Adults unusually heavy in and around
livestock barns, pens, and in pastures at watering and feeding areas over wide
area of Everglades. Sharply increased in dairy barns at Gainesville, Alachua
County, last week of May and first week of June. (Butler). WISCONSIN - Low in
barns in most counties. Some spraying done. (Wis. Ins. Sur.).

HORN FLY (Haematobia irritans) - TEXAS - Heavy and widespread on Jackson County
cattle. (Wilson). OKLAHOMA - Averaged 1,000 per head on beef cattle May 31 in
Noble County and 800 in Major County. Up to 1,000 per head on cattle in Major
County and 300-500 per head in Payne County. Heavy in Craig and Garvin Counties,
light in Cleveland County. (Okla. Coop. Sur.). NORTH DAKOTA - Ranged 5-600 per
head on 19 herds in Sandhills area of Richland and Ransom Counties. Herd

averages ranged 5-200 (averaged 100) per head. Some bulls had 2,000 per head.
(Brandvik, McBride). WISCONSIN - Evident in most counties but no problem. (Wis.
Ins. Sur.). ILLINOIS - Average per head by district: Southeast 281.5, southwest
120.5, and west-southwest 35.6. (Ill. Ins. Rpt.). GEORGIA - Ranged 500-2,000 per
head on untreated beef cattle over State; O-5 per head on treated beef cattle in
Polk County. (Nolan, Stowe). FLORIDA - Up to 500-600 adults per head on untreated
cattle at Gainesville, Alachua County. Collected and determined by J.F. Butler.
Counts on dairy cattle up to 300 per head in Marion County and up to 140 per head
in Alachua County May 30. (Butler). VERMONT - Abundant in Chittenden County.
(Nielson, MacCollom, June 3). :

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STABLE FLY (Stomoxys calcitrans) - FLORIDA - Adults up to 7 per head on beef
cattle at GaineSville, Alachua County. (Butler). GEORGIA - Averaged 1-3 per head
on treated beef cattle in Polk County. (Stowe, Nolan). ILLINOIS - Average per
head by district: Southeast 7.6, southwest 3.5, and west-southwest 1.9. (I11.
Ins. Sur.). VERMONT - Abundant in Chittenden County. (Nielson, MacCollom, June 3).

MOSQUITOES - UTAH - Troublesome June 2 in many Box Elder County communities and
on farm lands, and in Locomotive Springs area. Very numerous, breeding in several
hundred acres of wet land at Moroni and Manti and other areas of Sanpete County,
and at Delta and Abraham, Millard County. Troublesome throughout lower areas and
canyons of Cache County. (Knowlton, June 4). NEW MEXICO - Very abundant around
homes, buildings, and areas near river and irrigation ditches at Los Lunas,
Valencia County. (Heninger). NORTH DAKOTA - Larvae 0-30 (averaged 4) per dip in
untreated areas in Cass County. Fourth instar Culiseta spp. evident south of
Fargo while second instar Aedes spp. found north of Fargo. Some first-brood
Culiseta emerged. Spring floods left standing water. (Brandvik). MINNESOTA -
Generally low at Minneapolis and St. Paul. Light traps revealed 20 species
present; Aedes abserratus, A. cinereus, A. vexans, Anopheles walkeri, Culex
restuans, C. tarsalis, C. territans, and Culiseta inornata dominated in 1,229
Specimens taken. A. sticticus, A. cinereus, A. Stimulans, and A. vexans dominant
in biting collections. (Minn. Pest Rpt.). WISCONSIN - Mosquitoes most annoying
insect pests of cattle. Moderately annoying to humans in most areas, but very
annoying in local areaS on warm evenings. Recent rains may contribute Somewhat
to problem if weather warms up. (Wis. Ins. Sur.). OHIO - Higher recently than
past several years. Aedes stimulans and A. canadensis predominant at Toledo,
Lucas County. Some A. vexans appearing and expected fo increase with warmer
weather. (Brockway). A. Stimulans and A. sticticus heavy in Richland County.
(Parsons). A. Sticticus most annoying Species at Wooster, Wayne County. (Rings).
New county record for A. sollicitans reported in Lucas County. (Martine). A.
intrudens high, resting on clover during cool weather June 2 in Logan and Shelby
Counties. (Richter).

A BITING MIDGE (Leptoconops kerteszi) - UTAH - Extremely numerous on higher areas
of Antelope Island in Great Salt Lake, Utah State Park. Almost absent on beach.
Moderate numbers annoying in Snowville to Cedar Creek areas of Box Elder County.
(Bohart, Knowlton, June 4).

TABANID FLIES - UTAH - Annoying horses June 2 at Fielding and Collinston, Box
Elder County, and June 4 at Moroni, Sanpete County. (Knowlton). WISCONSIN - Deer
flies active and biting humans on warmer days in Vilas and Rusk Counties. (Wis.
INS. SUGED r.

BLACK FLIES - GEORGIA - Annoying horses and cattle in Spalding County. (Snoddy).
WISCONSIN - Bothersome to laborers, fisherman, and picnickers in northern counties,
particularly Iron, Vilas, and Menominee. (Wis. Ins. Sur.). MINNESOTA - Numerous at
Minneapolis and St. Paul. (Minn. Pest Rpt.).

HARD-BACKED TICKS - CALIFORNIA - Ixodes pacificus biting man at Plantation,

Sonoma County. Ticks in general very prevalent currently; several bites reported
in northern counties. (Cal. Coop. Rpt.). WISCONSIN - Dermacentor variabilis
(American dog tick) numerous in localized range areas. Generally not so serious

as previous years. Relatively numerous in Iowa, Oconto, and Barron Counties.

(Wis. Ins. Sur.). RHODE ISLAND - D. variabilis numerous throughout State. (Field).

BROWN RECLUSE SPIDER (Loxosceles reclusa) - INDIANA - One female collected May

26 from Loogootee, Martin County. Determined by T.A. Parker. This is a new county
record. (Huber, May 30). ILLINOIS - Confirmed in Franklin County June 2. Collected
by R. Swope from a house. This is a new county record. (I11l. Ins. Rpt.).

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BENEFICIAL INSECTS

LADY BEETLES - WYOMING - Adults averaged 13 per 100 sweeps of alfalfa in south-
eastern areas May 30. Adults and larvae averaged 36 per 100 sweeps of alfalfa in
south-central and Big Horn Basin areas June 6. (Parshall). NEW MEXICO - Ranged
10-25 per 25 sweeps on Bernalillo County alfalfa. (Heninger). ARIZONA -
Hippodamia convergens (convergent lady beetle) averaged 100 per 100 sweeps of
alfalfa at Safford, Graham County. (Ariz. Coop. Sur., May 29).

DAMSEL BUGS - NEW MEXICO - Ranged 1-5 per 25 sweeps in Bernalillo County alfalfa.
(Heninger). WYOMING - Nabis sp. adults averaged 9 per 100 sweeps on alfalfa in
southeastern area May 30. Nabis spp. adults and nymphs averaged 22 per 100 sweeps
of alfalfa in south-central and Big Horn Basin areas June 6. (Parshall).

FLOWER BUGS (Orius spp.) - ARIZONA - Averaged 250 per 100 sweeps of alfalfa at
Duncan, Greenlee County. (Ariz. Coop. Sur., May 29).

GREEN LACEWINGS - NEW MEXICO - Up to 2 per 25 sweeps on Bernalillo County alfalfa.
(Heninger). ARIZONA - Chrysopa spp. averaged 160 per 100 sweeps of cotton at
Yuma, Yuma County. (Ariz. Coop. Sur.).

A VESPID WASP (Odynerus dilectus) - UTAH - Storing nests with Hypera postica
(alfalfa weevil) larvae. More numerous than before on experimental farm at
Greenville, Cache County. (Bohart, June 4).

FEDERAL AND STATE PLANT PROTECTION PROGRAMS

CARIBBEAN FRUIT FLY (Anastrepha suspensa) - FLORIDA - Catches of adults in May
increased sharply as expected. Primarily due to warmer weather and normal
maturation of subtropical fruits to ripe and over-ripe stages. (Fla. Coop. Sur.).

CEREAL LEAF BEETLE (Oulema melanopus) - NEW YORK - Adults light on wheat at

Brant, Erie County, for a new county record. Collected by W.M. Puchaez May 28.
PENNSYLVANIA - Adults light on oats in Delaware Township, Northumberland County;
collected by J.P. Lilley May 29. Adults and larvae in Penn Township, Snyder
County, and in Limestone Township, Union County; collected by L.R. Pealer June 3.
These are new county records. MARYLAND - Adults and larvae light on oats on farm
at Pinto, Allegany County, for a new State record. Collected by E.J. Allen June 2,
1969. KENTUCKY - Larvae light on wheat in Franklin County May 28 and adults light
on oats in Spencer County May 29; collected by J.H. Milner III. Larvae light on
oats at East Point, Floyd County, June 2. These are new county records. All above
records determined by R.E. White. (PPC). OHIO - About half of larvae in north-
western area in third and fourth instars, damage averaged 10-20 percent. Severely
infested some Knox County oatfields, some as high as 10 larvae per stem; one
70-acre oatfield sprayed. Other fields will be sprayed in Fairfield County (Lyon,
Taylor) and near Danville, Knox County (Walker). MICHIGAN - Sampled 196 sites with
49,000 sweeps. No larvae May 20-28. Highest density of adults, 787 per 250 sweeps
May 27 in wheatfield in Shiawassee County. (Hanna). Averaged 300 eggs per square
foot of late oats May 28 at Galien, Berrien County. Anaphes flavipes (a mymarid
wasp) released week ending May 23 in Cass, St. Joseph, Branch, and Newaygo
Counties. (Maltby).

EUROPEAN PINE SHOOT MOTH (Rhyacionia buoliana) - OREGON - Adults emerged week of
May 23 at Hermiston, Umatilla County. First of 4 sprays applied May 26.
(Vandehey) . WASHINGTON - Emerged and in flight May 31. Building up at Puyallup,
Pierce County. (Saunders).

FORMOSAN SUBTERRANEAN TERMITE (Coptotermes formosanus) - LOUISIANA - Swarmers
collected at Sweet Lake, Cameron Parish, by J.D. Rozas May 27 and in residence
at Gretna, Jefferson Parish, by Mayeux and Harris June 2. Determined by V.H.
Owens. These are new parish records. (PPC).

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GRASS BUGS - WASHINGTON - Irbisia pacifica adults averaged 1-2 per square foot

and damaging roadside and Some adjacent pasture grasses, principally inter-
mediate wheatgrass, in Spokane County. (Nonini). ARIZONA - Labops spp. heavier and
more extensive than in 1968 on Hualapai Indian Reservation South of Grand Canyon.
(Ariz. Coop. Sur., May 29). UTAH - L. hesperius severely discolored crested wheat-
grass on 200 acres of planted grasses in Diamond Fork Creek, off Spanish Fork
Canyon. (Judd, June 2). I. pacifica, nearly all adults June 2, discolored giant
ryegrass; other planted grasses less discolored in Beaver Dam area; light in
Curlew Valley in Box Elder County. I. pacifica adults common June 4 but becoming
less numerous on crested wheatgrass in Millard County fields and roadsides, and

in Curlew Valley pastures and range of Box Elder County. Other grass bugs more
numerous, 50-90 percent winged. Moderate discoloration on grasses in many
localities. (Knowlton). WYOMING - L. hesperius damage Severe to crested wheatgrass
and bordering wheat at Albin, Laramie County. Ranged 20-40 per Sweep in crested
wheatgrass and 70-90 per linear foot in border rows of wheat. Controls applied.
(Burkhardt). Damaged wheat bordering crested wheatgrass near Burns, Laramie
County; controls applied. (Cook). Infesting crested wheatgrass in Iowa Center
area, GoShen County. At least 320 acres burned for control. Up to 100 per clump

of wheatgrass. (Peterson, May 30). IDAHO - L. hesperius adults about 1 per 2
sweeps on roadside grasses at Troy, Latah County. Mating May 26. (Portman).

Nymphs and adults severely damaged 2,000 acres of intermediate wheatgrass May 22
at Midvale, Washington County. Black plant bug feeding caused yellowing of native
giant wild-rye in East Slope, Elmore County. Intermediate wheatgrass light

colored and dry May 29 at Dixie, Elmore County. (Edwards). L. hesperius adults
severely damaged bromegrass pastures in Swan Valley, Bonneville County; controls
applied. (Moss).

GRASSHOPPERS - WASHINGTON - Melanoplus bivittatus second and third instars
scattered in canyon pastures west of Waterville along U.S. Highway 2 in Douglas
County May 23. (Nonini). NEVADA - Mostly M. sanguinipes on about 20,000 acres

of alfalfa, grain, and fallow land in Diamond Valley, Eureka County; nymphs 20-
40 per square yard in many areas. (Burnett, Peters). ARIZONA - M. cuneatus, M.
Sanguinipes, and Aulocara elliotti heavy May 29 on 10,000 acres at Ash Creek
Flat on San Carlos Indian Reservation in Gila County. Treated 12,096 acres at
Ash Creek Flat. (Ariz. Coop. Sur.). NEW MEXICO - Moving into alfalfa from
surrounding rangeland in southern Eddy County; rangeland treated to protect
crops. (Ballard). Ranged 15-28 per 25 sweeps in alfalfa checked at Tucumcari,
Quay County. (Mathews). First and second instars averaged 1-3 per 25 Sweeps in
alfalfa at Los Lunas, Valencia County. (Heninger). COLORADO - M. bivittatus,

M. femurrubrum, and others heavy and increasing on Mesa County crop margins.
(Sisson). WYOMING - Grasshopper nymphs up to 50 (average 20) per Square yard

in Haystack Mountains, Goshen County. Hatch began May 21 in Fremont County.
(Patch). OKLAHOMA - Hatch not completed by end of May. General hatch underway
week of May 12 in Beaver, Cimarron, Texas, Ellis, Harper, Major, Woods, and
Woodward Counties. Ranged 3-25 per square yard of range; higher counts in short
grass. Ageneotettix deorum, A. elliotti, Amphitornus coloradus, Phlibostroma
quadrimaculatum, and M. SanguinipeS dominant. Ranged 4-18 per square yard of
range in Comanche, Cotton, Greer, Harmon, Kiowa, Tillman, Beckham, and
Jefferson Counties. A. deorum, P. quadrimaculatum, M. Sanguinipes, M. packardii,
and banded-winged species dominant. Ranged 10-15 per square yard on roadside and
crop margins in parts of Carter, Love, and McClain Counties. (Okla. Coop. Sur.).

SOUTH DAKOTA - Very low on alfalfa sampled in Lawrence and Butte Counties. M.
differentialis dominant (Thomas), in Second and third instars (Jones, May 29).
A. deorum and A. elliotti light on range in Fall River and Custer Counties

Tast week of May. (Zimmerman). Hatch underway in far South-central and south-
western areas. Five per Square yard June 3 near Wewela, Tripp County. M.
bivittatus first to fourth instar, M. Sanguinipes first to third instar, M.
differentialis first to second instar, and M. femurrubrum first instar. (Burge).
NORTH DAKOTA - Light hatch continues in southeastern area. Up to 18 nymphs per
Square yard in field margins and 9 per Square yard in alfalfa in light soils in

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Richland County. First instars 35 percent, second 24 percent, third 35 percent, and
fourth instars 6 percent. M. packardii, M. bivittatus, and M. sanguinipes dominant.
Few first instars of M. femurrubrum. (Brandvik). MINN ESOTA = Light hatch in sandy
soil areas in west-central district. M. bivittatus and M. sanguinipes eggs
segmented. (Minn. Pest Rpt.). my 7“

JAPANESE BEETLE (Popillia japonica) - RHODE ISLAND - Damage extensive to some law
in Kent and Providence Counties. (Field). me

MORMON CRICKET (Anabrus simplex) - NEVADA - Reported in Black and Eldorado Canyons,
Humboldt Range, Pershing County. (Ferraro).

PINK BOLLWORM (Pectinophora gossypiella) - ARIZONA - Larvae in few rosetted blooms
at Yuma, Wellton, and Roll in Yuma County. (Ariz. Coop. Sur.). CALIFORNIA - As
scheduled, first aerial release of 37,500 sterile moths May 20 in Kern County on 4
foci where live pink bollworms found in 1967. Aerially released 42,000 moths May 22.
The 2,940 exposed hexalure traps yielded one sterile moth. (Cal. Coop. Rpt.).

WHITE-FRINGED BEETLES (Graphognathus spp.) - MISSOURI - Average 1 larva per spade of
dirt in treated area at Cardwell, Dunklin County; larvae feeding in uncultivated
area. (Thompson).

WOOLLY WHITEFLY (Aleurothrixus floccosus) - CALIFORNIA - Following current
suppression sprayS, mortality checks completed in 24 square miles. Survey negative
on 608 trees on 152 properties on 106 blocks in San Diego, San Diego County. (Cal.
Coop. Rpt.). SE ELE

HAWAII INSECT REPORT

General Vegetables - GREENHOUSE WHITEFLY (Trialeurodes vaporariorum) heavy on
Cucumbers On Hawaii Island, especially at Kona where bulk of crop grown. Sprays
being intensified. (Fukumura). IMPORTED CABBAGEWORM (Pieris rapae) and DIAMOND-
BACK MOTH (Plutella xylostella) larvae and adults medium to heavy on broccoli at
Waikapu, Maui, and on head cabbage and Chinese cabbage at Kamuela, Hawaii Island.
(Nakao et al.). CORN EARWORM (Heliothis — larvae light on mature bell peppers
in large field at Waianae, Oahu. (Funasaki

Fruits - SOUTHERN GREEN STINK BUG (Nezara viridula) adults medium on citrus and
Titchi fruits at Wahiawa, Oahu. Adults and nymphs medium on yard-long beans and
eggplants at Koko Head; light in soybean fields at Waimanalo, Oahu. (Kajiwara,
Funasaki).

Shade Trees - CUBAN-LAUREL THRIPS (Gynaikothrips ficorum) generally trace to light
in curled Chinese banyan leaves at Honolulu, Oahu; heavy in late April.
Montandoniola moraguesi (an anthocorid bug) common, nymphs and adults 1-10 per
Teaf, on lightly infested trees in several areas. (Funasaki) . MONKEYPOD MOTH
(Polydesma umbricola) larvae and pupae medium on 20 monkeypod trees at Olowalu,

Maui. Larvae of probably Eucelatoria armigera (a tachina fly) parasitized 75
percent of P. umbricola larvae. (Miyahira, Nakao).

Man and Animals - MOSQUITOES - Collected 349 Aedes vexans nocturnus and 2,086
Culex Pipiens quinquefasciatus on Oahu in May. Aedes catches per trap ranged from
zero in many areas to high Of 282 at Waiahole. Culex per trap ranged from zero

to high of 465 at Waipio. (Mosq. Cont. Br., State Dept. of Health).

Beneficial Insects - LANTANA HISPID (Uroplata girardi) larval mines and newly
emerged adults medium on lantana foliage at Halepiula, North Kona, on Hawaii
Island. Considered well established in area. Purposely released at Halepiula in
1967 to control lantana, a rangeland weed pest. (Yoshioka).

Miscellaneous Pests - GIANT AFRICAN SNAIL (Achatina fulica) activated by heavy
Showers last week of May at Kahaluu, North Kona, Hawaii Island. Over 150 live
snails averaging 2 inches in length collected in and around dense weeds.
Eradication continuing. On Kauai, no live snails found during May at Poipu and
Wahiawa, where eradication in progress. (Yoshioka, Sugawa).

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INSECT DETECTION

New State Records - A TORTRICID MOTH (Choristoneura parallela) Tippecanoe County,

Indiana (p. 425). CEREAL LEAF BEETLE (Oulema melanopus) Allegany County, Maryland.
(p. 437).

New County and Parish Records - ALFALFA WEEVIL (Hypera postica) Crawford, Fond du
Tac, Ozaukee, Sheboygan, and Vernon Counties, Wisconsin; Adair, Bryan, Choctaw,
Mayes, and Ottawa Counties, Oklahoma (p. 424). CLOVER HEAD WEEVIL (Hypera meles)
Dade, Jasper, Polk, and Stone Counties, Missouri (p. 425). ORIENTAL FRUIT MOTH
(Grapholitha molesta) Young County, Texas (p. 431). SALT-MARSH MOSQUITO (Aedes
sollicitans) Lucas County, Ohio (p. 436). BROWN RECLUSE SPIDER (Loxosceles reclusa)
Martin County, Indiana; Franklin County, Illinois (p. 436). CEREAL LEAF BEETLE
(Oulema melanopus) Erie County, New York; Northumberland, Snyder, Union Counties,
Pennsylvania; Floyd, Franklin, Spencer Counties, Kentucky (p. 437). FORMOSAN
SUBTERRANEAN TERMITE (Coptotermes formosanus) Cameron and Jefferson Parishes,
Louisiana (p. 437).

LIGHT TRAP COLLECTIONS

FLORIDA - Gainesville, 6/2-4, BL - Beet armyworm (Spodoptera exigua) 6, corn
earworm (Heliothis zea) 2, fall armyworm (S. frugiperda) 1, granulate cutworm
(Feltia subterranea) 49, salt-marsh caterpillar (Estigmene acrea) 3. Monticello,
5729-674, 2BL —- Armyworm (Pseudaletia unipuncta) 19, black cutworm (Agrotis
ipsilon) 30, cabbage looper (Trichoplusia ni) 24, corn earworm 24, granulate
cutworm 52, Vsaltemarsh caterpillar 2, tobacco Bodwoum (H. virescens) 5, tobacco
hornworm (Manduca sexta) 5, tomato hornworm (M. quinquemaculata) 17, yellow-striped
armyworm (Prodenia ~ornithogalli) 37. MISSOURI - Fair Grove, 5/29- 6/4 - Armyworm
25, European corn borer (Ostrinia nubilalis) 8. OHIO - Wooster, 6/1-5, BL -
Armyworm 18, black cutworm 1, European corn borer 3, variegated cutworm en

wheat head armyworm (Faronta ’ diffusa) 7. TEXAS - Waco, 5/31-6/6, 66-853F. 5
precip. 0.37 - Armyworm 33, beet armyworm 2, black cutworm 2, cabbage looper 7,
corn earworm 10, granulate cutworm 13, variegated cutworm 16, yellow-striped
armyworm 22. WISCONSIN - Madison, 5/28-6/4 - Codling moth (Laspeyresia pomonella)
28, European corn borer 3. Tecan cach eae

CORRECTIONS

CEIR 19(21):365 - PINE SPITTLEBUG (Aphrophora parellela) should read (Aphrophora
parallela)

CEIR 19(23):405 - CEREAL LEAF BEETLE (Oulema melanopus) - WEST VIRGINIA - Last
sentence: "Dead adults light on oats on farms ... "' Should read "Adults light
on oats on farms ... '' Specimens were alive when collected. New records for PPC
program pests must be established with live specimens. (PPC).

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Estimates of Damage by the European Corn Borer
To Grain Corn in the United States in 1968

Compiled in Survey and Detection Operations, PPC, ARS

The loss to grain corn attributed to the European corn borer (Ostrinia nubilalis)
in 1968 is estimated to be approximately 154,554,000 bushels in 15 corn-producing
States. In these States the loss was 3.83 percent of the production. This loss is
approximately 3.53 percent of the total national crop estimated at 4,374,840,000
bushels. 1/ The value of the loss, based on the season average prices received
by farmers for corn 2/, is $161,287,000. These loss estimates are only for the
States shown in Table 1, and are based on the counties or districts surveyed
during the fall of 1968 within these States. 3/

Table 1 is a composite of State and Federal estimates. These estimates were
prepared by using production data 1/, and prices received 2/, released by the
Statistical Reporting Service. The basis for the loss estimates was determined
by the survey of European corn borer populations during the fall of 1968. 3/
The index of 3 percent loss per borer per plant was used to compute the loss
in bushels.

Estimated losses to grain corn for the past 17 years in States where the fall
abundance survey was conducted are as follows:

1968 154,554,000 Bushels $161, 287,000
1967 59,661,000 " 63,837,000
1966 121,236,000 " 155,876,000
1965 54,318,100 " 59,374,160
1964 87,116,000 " 97 ,478, 000
1963 120,648,000 " 127,838,000
1962 88,245,000 " 93,695,000
1961 65,044,000 " 68,998,000
1960 102,991,000 " 96,085,000
1959 67,763,000 " 71,979,000
1958 100,699,000 " 98,434,000
1957 180,897,000 " 158,841,000
1956 97,971,000 " 119,535,000
1955 155,355,000 " 182,579,000
1954 191,614,000 " 261,415,000
1953 90,000,000 " 125,466,000
1952 53,270,000 " 77,205,000

wy) Crop Production, 1968 Annual Summary by States, Crop Reporting Board,
Statistical Reporting Service, USDA, December 19, 1968.

2/ Crop Values, Season Average Prices Received by Farmers and Value of
Production 1967 and 1968 - by States, Crop Reporting Board, Statistical
Reporting Service, USDA, December 19, 1968.

3/ Cooperative Economic Insect Report 19(4):47-53, 1969.

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Table l. Estimates of Damage by the European Corn Borer to
Corn Grown for Grain in the United States in 1968

Estimated Data

Total : Value : Value

Districts : Statens i espery is of B

State : Included 1/: Production: Bushel: Production: Loss of Crop

Number 1,000 Bu. Dollars $1,000 1,000 Bu. $1,000
Arkansas 3 1,976 Pod 2), oo! 9 11
Delaware 1 8,673 1.08 9,367 E333) 1,439
Illinois th 901,570 1.06 955,664 52,600 55,756
Indiana 12 416,330 1.02 424,657 10,805 11,022
Iowa 12 901,728 1.03 928,780 40 ,039 50,510
Kansas 3 85,050 1.04 88,452 1,646 1,712
Maryland 3 31,944 1.06 33,861 3,530 3,741
Michigan 1 96,216 0.98 94,292 Teer} 1,287
Minnesota tt 360 , 369 1.03 371,180 3,928 4,046
Missouri 7 245,514 1.05 257,790 10,825 11,366
Nebraska 5 302,877 1.10 333,165 5,906 6,496
North Dakota 1 6,468 1.03 6,662 198 204
Ohio 5 242 ,256 aoa 244,679 8,208 8,290
South Dakota 6 110,354 1.05 115,872 2,958 3,106
Wisconsin 9 163,122 1.02 166,384 2,206 2,301
Totals 3,874,447 4,033,156 154,554 161, 287

1/ Cooperative Economic Insect Report 19(4):47-53, 1969

U.S. Dept. Agr.
Coop. Econ. Ins. Rpt.
19(24) :441-442, 1969

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VOL. 19) No. 25 June 20, 1969
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Cooperative
ECONOMIC INSECT

REPORT

gy Issued by

PLANT PEST CONTROL DIVISION
AGRICULTURAL RESEARCH SERVICE

UNITED STATES DEPARTMENT OF AGRICULTURE

AGRICULTURAL RESEARCH SERVICE

PLANT PEST CONTROL DIVISION

SURVEY AND DETECTION OPERATIONS

The Cooperative Economic Insect Report is issued
weekly as a service to American Agriculture. Its contents
are compiled from information supplied by cooperating State,
Federal, and industrial entomologists and other agricultural
workers. In releasing this material the Division serves as
a clearing house and does not assume responsibility for ac-
curacy of the material.

All reports and inquiries pertaining to this release,
including the mailing list, should be sent to:

Survey and Detection Operations
Plant Pest Control Division
Agricultural Research Service
United States Department of Agriculture
Federal Center Building
Hyattsville, Maryland 20782

Volume 19 June 20, 1969 Number 25

COOPERATIVE ECONOMIC INSECT REPORT
HIGHLIGHTS

Current Conditions

ARMY CUTWORM damaging corn in Colorado and alfalfa in Idaho. (p. 445).

ARMYWORM damaging late wheat in Oklahoma; moderate to heavy on wheat in south-
central and southeastern Kansas with some damage, and locally heavy in southeast
Nebraska; adult counts lowest in several years in Michigan. (p. 445).

EUROPEAN CORN BORER hatching in southern Illinois; leaf feeding damage on corn
in southern and central Missouri; increasing in field and sweet corn in Maryland.
(p. 446).

GREENBUG increasing on sorghum in east and southeast districts of Nebraska; heavy
in several northeast areas of Oklahoma. (pp. 445-446).

CUTWORMS damaging corn in some areas of Oklahoma and Nebraska. (p. 447).

ALFALFA WEEVIL damage 100 percent in some areas of New York; damage visible in
untreated fields in Indiana; damaged alfalfa in New Mexico. (pp. 447-448).

FOREST TENT CATERPILLAR widespread on chokecherry and ornamentals in Montana;
defoliation severe in some areas of Minnesota. (p. 454).

First JAPANESE BEETLE adults of season reported from Tennessee, Delaware,
Maryland, and North Carolina. (p. 458).

Detection
A SCYTODID SPIDER reported for first time in California. (p. 456).

For new county, island, and parish records see page 460.

Reports in this issue are for week ending June 13 unless otherwise indicated,

- 443 -

- 444 -

CONTENTS
Specialy Insects jof iRegional Sieni fi Cancels scoveielevereiarenchekeiniele oe elec eee AALS

Insects Affecting

Corn, Sorghum, Sugarcane...-+.ccce 446 Beans and GPeasierctaleleicieleleiceiaic aneteinieiei De
Smale GransShreetetsieveers cvetsio) siete ehererotels: 4 Ail General Vegetables. 2.75... «cc e4 De
Turf, Pastures, Rangeland.........447 Deciduous Fruits and Nuts.......452
Korage Le SUMS) sceteis elelelelclolelelsrercveler ste 4 4.0 CUUCLUS 15) sole oyeleisie ls ete s chorea AS
NOVDEANS creleneieceteicialatevencleloreistelencvelevercie ea 0 Smal VGN LUGS cee sleleielelsl siolelsrerevve cierea 4
COE COmiieriessiersiekers tac cccls eet che wei MENA AS Ornamentals wee cve ccs ee cle ee RAD
MODACCOlsfeierslevete eleteierehloleicislsveretehoieicintc 4 Oil: Forest and Shade Trees..........454
SULALTDESES Tie ciaisie ejevele oo stele) siele o she she eA Di Man and AnimalS...scccccscccce es o4 05
Miscellaneous Field Crops......2.e451 Households and Structures.......456
Potatoes, Tomatoes, Peppers.......451 COFTECTLONS ee. cc cle ce lsiolels sel a too

Beneficial’ PnNSets Yi. aie sie o:eie-ei aici ete slates ciel cue wicselival Shoe ce ta a Sree oe Ee cis Mee RATS
Federal andtState Plant Protection Programs .5 5. occ seer eet pees nn. tee OAS,
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InSect DECEGtEVOM. circ isc cee ere eeleve shore evonsneversienetete cue RUC ONO OOOO OOD DOC OD ooo 6b oO
Light TraptCol lee tions’. fo Ga ssc eres cre sisyatarelssle cicleinte Solel aan hae iale Chere Te eee GO)

°

WEATHER OF THE WEEK ENDING JUNE 16

HIGHLIGHTS: Widespread turbulent weather occurred east of a quasi-stationary
front that stretched from Lower Michigan while cool, clear weather lay west of
the front.

PRECIPITATION: Some heavy showers fell in the Deep South early in the week.
Columbia, South Carolina, received 2 inches Monday afternoon and early evening.
Widespread severe weather occurred in the Great Plains throughout most of the
week. Numerous thunderstorms and a few tornadoes struck Nebraska and Texas
Tuesday and Tuesday night. Hail as large as golf balls fell at Cozad, Nebraska,
in the afternoon and hail of similar size, accompanied by winds gusting to 70
m.op.h., in the Hale Center, Texas, vicinity accumulated to a foot deep in places.
Strong winds accompanying a storm that brought 4.35 inches of rain toppled trees
and power lines at Herington, Kansas, on Wednesday. Hail fell in several
communities in Iowa and Missouri. Numerous severe thunderstorms boiled up
Wednesday from Kansas and Oklahoma to southern Wisconsin and northern [1llinois.
Early Thursday, a tornado demolished a hangar and caused extensive damage to
aircraft at Monroe, Wisconsin, while winds estimated to gust at 75 m.p.h.
disrupted power in the Grayling, Michigan,area, The violent weather moved
eastward after midweek. Twisters occurred in Michigan, heavy thunderstorms struck
Kentucky and hail smashed windows in downtown Winters, Texas, late Thursday.

Snow fell in the northern and central Rocky Mountains on Thursday and Friday with
accumulations up to 6 inches. This was the latest in June that snow has been
known to fall in the Black Hills. The record began there 82 years ago. The weekend
brought moderate to heavy thunderstorms to the Atlantic Coastal States and some
light rains west of the Rockies.

TEMPERATURE: Afternoon temperatures early in the week ranged from mostly moderate
over the Northern and Central States to hot in the southern sections. Cool air
plunged deep into the northern and central Rockies and Great Plains on several
mornings. The chilly outbreak held afternoon temperatures in the 50's on
Wednesday afternoon in parts of Nebraska and neighboring States after Tuesday's
maximums had been in the 80's. The warm southerly flow of gulf air pushed the
afternoon readings into the 90's over much of the Ohio River Valley on Thursday.
During much of the week, hot humid air moved northward over the East while cool
weather predominated in the West. The weekend brought cooler weather to the North-
east. New England registered afternoon temperatures in the 60's and 70's on

Sunday where readings had been in the 80's and 90's 2 days earlier. (Summary
supplied by Environmental Data Service, ESSA.) Weather continued on page 460.

- 445 -

SPECIAL INSECTS OF REGIONAL SIGNIFICANCE

ARMY CUTWORM (Chorizagrotis auxiliaris) - IDAHO - Damaged about 10 percent of
70-acre alfalfa field at Bonners Ferry, Boundary County. (Studer). COLORADO -
Larvae of this and Agrotis orthogonia damaged young corn last week in May. C.
auxiliaris damaged 1,200 acres at’ Holyoke, Phillips County, where counts i
averaged 1 per 2 feet of drill row. Controls applied and about 600 acres
replanted. A. orthogonia damaged fields in Morgan, Sedgwick, and Logan Counties.

(Pilcher, HantsSbarger).

ARMYWORM (Pseudaletia unipuncta) - OKLAHOMA - Moderate numbers continue to damage
late fields of wheat in Kingfisher and Garfield Counties. (Okla. Coop. Sur.).
KANSAS - Ranged 2-5 per square foot in most wheat in McPherson, Marion,
Dickinson, Harvey, and Chase Counties. Up to 30 per square foot in lodged wheat.
Most larvae nearly full grown. Light to moderate damage limited to defoliation
and clipping of beards with only few heads cut off. Moderate to heavy on wheat
in east-central and southeastern areas. Some controls applied in central and
south-central areas. (Simpson). MISSOURI - Ranged 5-20+ per square foot on
bromegrass, fescue, and orchard grass in northwestern area. Controls applied.
(Munson). NEBRASKA - Heavy locally in most counties in east and southeast
districts. Damaging in Richardson, Fillmore, Saunders, Burt, Otoe, and Cass
Counties, Destroyed 60 percent of 60-acre broomegrass pasture near Unadilla,
Otoe County; ranged 12-18 per square foot. Counts in 6 wheatfields in Otoe

and Nemaha Counties ranged 0-8, averaged 4, per square foot. (Keith). MICHIGAN -
Adult counts lowest in many years. (Newman, June 9). VIRGINIA - Severely damaged
10-20 acres of sod-planted corn following rye cover crop on Wythe County farm.
(Gross).

ASTER LEAFHOPPER (Macrosteles fascifrons) - MICHIGAN - Increased during period
June 2-9; increase expected to continue. (Bath). WISCONSIN - Counts per 100
sweeps in oats averaged 12 in southeast, 8 in southwest, and 30 in central area.
(Wis. Ins. Sur.). OHIO - Common in forage crops throughout State. Adults
averaged 10 per 25 sweeps in eastern areas. (Rings).

CORN EARWORM (Heliothis zea) - ALABAMA - Older larvae light to medium in corn in
Dale, Houston, Geneva, Henry, and other southern counties; entering soil to
pupate. Large numbers of moths in flight in corn and other crops in Lee County.
(Estes et al.).

CORN LEAF APHID (Rhopalosiphum maidis) - KANSAS - Light to moderate, 6-18 per
plant, in most sorghum and corn in south-central and southwestern areas. Nearly
all plants infested. (Simpson). OKLAHOMA - Heavy on sorghum in Bryan and Caddo
Counties. Ranged 5-300 per plant in Major County, 0-40 per plant in Woods County.
(Okla. Coop. Sur.).

GREENBUG (Schizaphis graminum) - WISCONSIN - Few winged forms appearing in oats.
In one field in Adams County about 2 percent of plants showed evidence of "red
leaf." (Wis. Ins. Sur.). MINNESOTA - Up to 100 per 100 sweeps in occasional small
grain fields in southwest and south-central areas. Generally low in all districts;
ranged trace to 15 per 100 sweeps in southern to only trace in northern districts.
(Minn. Pest Rpt.). NEBRASKA - Averaged 8-16 per plant on 75-80 percent of small
grain plants in 9 fields in Jefferson County. Damage evident. (Andersen, June 2).
Reported on sorghum in Fillmore, Lancaster, Clay, Nuckolls, and Adams Counties.
(Keith, June 6). Increasing on sorghum in east and southeast districts. Some
control applied in east and southeast districts. Some control applied in
Jefferson and Thayer Counties. Seedling plants in Otoe, Saunders, Dodge, and
Nemaha Counties lightly infested (5-15 percent) with 1-15 per plant. (Keith).
Light on grain sorghum in south and central districts. (Andersen). MISSOURI -
This and Rhopalosiphum maidis infesting small sorghum in southwestern and west-
central areas. (Munson). KANSAS - S. graminum ranged 1-12 per infested sorghum
plant in northwestern, north-central, and west-central areas. Infestation ranged
from 4-10 percent in Gove and Rawlins Counties to 50-100 percent in Cheyenne,
Phillips, Norton, Decatur, Graham, and Trego Counties, Mostly winged adults and

- 446 -

small nymphs. (Martinez). Ranged 1-5 per infested sorghum plant in Pawnee,
Hodgeman, Ford, Gray, Finney, Kearney, Hamilton, Stanton, Morton, Stevens, Haskell,
and Seward Counties. Infestation ranged 2-8 percent. Mostly winged adults or
small nymphs. No damage. No parasites and few predators in sorghum in western
area. Lady beetles heavy in wheat. (Simpson). OKLAHOMA - Remains heavy on sorghum
in several northeast counties. Occasional fields replanted. Reinfestation after
spraying noted in some areas. Generally ranged 1-10 per plant on 25-30 percent

of plants (3-12 inches tall) in Major, Alfalfa, and Woods Counties; averaged 1
per plant (ranged 3-5 on Johnson grass) in Cimarron County. (Okla. Coop. Sur.).
WYOMING - Ranged 3-20 per 100 sweeps in wheat of Laramie County. (Parshall).
COLORADO - This and Macrosiphum avenae remain light on wheat in northeastern and
east-central areas. Controls necessary in isolated spots. (Johnson, Pilcher).

S. graminum appearing at Lamar, Prowers County; migrating in on strong winds.
Damaged small sorghum. (Wingfield).

POTATO LEAFHOPPER (Empoasca fabae) - WISCONSIN - Adults averaged 1 per 25 sweeps
in most alfalfa in Southern part of State. (Wis. Ins. Sur.). MARYLAND - First
adults light on potatoes in Wicomico County. (U. Md., Ent. Dept.). KANSAS -
Ranged 1-2 per sorghum plant in Wallace, Sherman, and Logan Counties. (Simpson).

SPOTTED ALFALFA APHID (Therioaphis maculata) - OKLAHOMA - Light, up to 5 per 10
sweeps, on alfalfa in Harper County. (Okla. Coop. Sur.).

TOMATO HORNWORM (Manduca quinquemaculata) - VIRGINIA - Adults averaged 4-5 per
night at blacklight trap in Nansemond County. (Smith).

CORN, SORGHUM, SUGARCANE

EUROPEAN CORN BORER (Ostrinia nubilalis) - NEW YORK - Egg masses 6 on 50 early
sweet corn plants in field on Hudson River flats, 7 on 50 plants at higher
elevation. No hatch. (N.Y. Wkly. Rpt., June 9). NEW JERSEY - Current evidence
indicates egg laying period will be extended due to cool nights. (Ins.-Dis.
Newsltr.). MARYLAND - Increasing in field and sweet corn; adults averaged 17

per night at Centreville, Queen Annes County, light trap. Trap catches in
Dorchester and Worcester averaged 2 per night. (U. Md., Ent. Dept.). OHIO -
Light trap records during period June 1-11 at Wooster indicate moth populations
from first-generation larvae higher than for many years. Moth populations may
increase next few days. (Rings). ILLINOIS - Emergence completed in southern
sections, 75 percent complete in central sections, and 50-60 percent complete

in northern sections. Hatching in southern half of State; first instars found.
Egg masses averaged 55 per 100 plants with about 40 percent of masses hatched.
Egg masses just being laid, with average of 4 per 100 plants, in northern half

of State. (Ill. Ins. Rpt.). MICHIGAN - Emergence increasing rapidly in southern
tier of counties. Blacklight trap collections unusually high and early. Heavy
egg laying in progress since June 6. Larval emergence began June 12-15; expected
to increase next 3 weeks. Maximum larval feeding expected from late June into
July. (Newman, June 9). WISCONSIN - Dissections of cornstalks near Janesville,
Rock County, June 5 showed 20 percent larvae, 80 percent pupae; dissections June
9 at Rewey, Iowa County, 75 percent empty pupal cases. Adults appearing in light
traps, but no egg masses found. (Wis. Ins. Sur.). MINNESOTA - Average percent
pupation by district: Southwest 45, west-central 10. No adult emergence to date.
(Minn. Pest Rpt.). NORTH DAKOTA - Pupation 25 percent in southeast; compares to
6 percent at same time in 1968. No adults emerged. Earliest corn 4 inches tall in
southern areas of district. (Kaatz). NEBRASKA - Overwintering populations above
average and much higher than in 1968. Total forms (larvae and pupae) averaged
1,799 per acre in Hall County (13-year average is 1,500) and 2,407 per acre in
Cuming County (13-year average is 1,643). (Hill, Short, June 6). MISSOURI - Leaf
feeding’ damage on up to 68 percent of susceptible-size corn in southern and central
areas. Egg masses still found in southwestern and central areas; none in southeast
area. Larvae ranged first to fourth instars in extreme southern area. (Munson).

- 447 -

CUTWORMS (Agrotis spp.) - WYOMING - A. orthogonia infested 4 cornfields in Pine
Bluffs area, Laramie County; controls applied. (Cook). Few fields in Goshen
County sprayed. (Skelton). NEBRASKA - A. orthogonia destroyed 80 acres of corn

on old wheat stubble ground near Wauneta, Hayes County. Several reports of
activity in area. Larvae penultimate instar to full grown. (Helberg). A. ipsilon
damaged corn in Dodge County. (Hughes). About 2-5 percent of corn plants in 4
Washington County fields infested. (Keith). OKLAHOMA - A. orthogonia continues

to damage newly planted corn in isolated area of Texas County. (Okla. Coop. Sur.).

CORN ROOTWORMS (Diabrotica spp.) - MINNESOTA - One first instar larva found «in
small, protected cornfield in Wright County. General hatch expected in about
7-14 days in southern area. (Minn. Pest Rpt.). COLORADO - D. virgifera larvae
infesting corn at Elba, Washington County. (Pilcher). oa

SUGARCANE BEETLE (Euetheola rugiceps) - ALABAMA - Adults destroyed corn on 4 acres
and damaged second planting at Uriah in Monroe County. (Lemons, Rutledge).

STALK BORER (Papaipema nebris) - ILLINOIS - Appearing in cornfields; expected to
appear in many crops next 3 weeks. (Sur. Bull.).

SMALL GRAINS

ENGLISH GRAIN APHID (Macrosiphum avenae) - WISCONSIN - Counts per 100 sweeps in
oats ranged 12-30 in southeastern area, 60-100 in southwestern area, and up to
100 in central area. (Wis. Ins. Sur.). KANSAS - Light to moderate in most wheat
in central, south-central, and southwestern areas. (Simpson). COLORADO - This
and Schizaphis graminum remain light on wheat in northeastern and east-central
areas. Controls necessary in isolated spots. (Johnson, Pilcher).

WHEAT HEAD ARMYWORM (Faronta diffusa) - KANSAS - Light, 1-3 per 25 sweeps, in
all wheat examined in South-central, central, and southwestern areas. (Simpson).

SAY STINK BUG (Pitedia sayi) - NEVADA - Heavy on small grain in Newark Valley,
White Pine County; required treatment. (Heringer). i

BARLEY THRIPS (Limothrips denticornis) - NORTH DAKOTA - Averaged less than 1 per
stem in barley in Sargent, Ransom, Dickey, and Richland Counties. Entered leaf
sheaths in early barley in early boot stage. (Kaatz).

TURF, PASTURES, RANGELAND

WESTERN TUSSOCK MOTH (Hemerocampa vetusta) - NEVADA - Generally light to medium,
spotty and heavy on bitterbrush and light on desert peach in Jacks Valley,
Douglas County; Carson City, Ormsby County; and in Galena and Thomas Creeks
area, Washoe County. Entire plants of bitterbrush defoliated; little damage to
desert peach to date. (Bechtel et al.).

CICADAS (Okanagana spp.) - NEVADA - Adults heavy in many areas in northern half

of State. (Nev. Coop. Rpt.).
FORAGE LEGUMES

ALFALFA WEEVIL (Hypera postica) - VERMONT - Peak hatch expected week of June 9.
(MacCollom). MASSACHUSETTS - Average per 100 sweeps on alfalfa by county:
Hampshire - adults 5.6 (larvae 105), Berkshire - adults 3.67 (larvae 611.67).
Percent tip damage in 3 fields by county June 3-4: Berkshire 38-50, Hampshire
10-20. (Miller). NEW YORK - Damage 100 percent in some areas; 25-30 percent in
Ontario, Seneca, Wayne, and Yates Counties. (N.Y. Wkly. Rpt., June 9).

MARYLAND - Eighty-three to 92 percent of adults reared from larvae collected on
April 17 near Beltsville release site for Bathyplectes curculionis parasitized
by this ichneumon wasp. (U. Md., Ent. Dept.). VIRGINIA - Very light in Nottoway
County. (W.A. Allen). INDIANA - Larval feeding damage visible on 30-100 percent
of plants in northwest quarter of State. Foliage loss 15-50 percent; larvae

- 448 -

ranged 8-35 per sweep. Pupation beginning in area. In northeast quarter of State,
damage visible on 60-100 percent of plants in untreated fields and foliage loss
ranged 40-80 percent. Larvae ranged 20-78 per sweep. (Huber, June 6). WISCONSIN -
Larvae averaged 92 per 100 sweeps on June 5; high counts 282 per 100 sweeps, low
counts 7 per 100 sweeps in 19 alfalfa fields in Kenosha County daylight sampling.
(Wis. Ins. Sur.). New county records include Waushara and Juneau Counties. (PPC).
ILLINOIS - Declining in northern area as pupation nears completion. Peaked in
southern half of State; larvae low, averaged 50-100 per 100 sweeps. New adults
emerging. (Ill. Ins. Rpt.). ARKANSAS - Adults and larvae light in northwest
areas. Counts per 100 sweeps in Boone and Madison Counties: Adults ranged 0-18
(average 9.7), larvae ranged 2-30 (averaged 13.7). (Boyer). OKLAHOMA - Adults
averaged 3 per 100 sweeps ten miles north of Rosston and 1 per 100 sweeps at
Buffalo in Harper County on June 11 for new county record. (Okla. Coop. Sur.).
NEW MEXICO - Heavy numbers damaged alfalfa in Rio Arriba and Santa Fe Counties.
(Sais, Nielsen). NEVADA - In Lincoln County, infestation general at Lake Valley;
damage spotty at Rose Valley; damage medium to heavy in Panaca area and medium
south of Caliente. To date only one field sprayed, this after first cutting.
(Miller). IDAHO - Larvae ranged 5-15 (average 11) per sweep; new adults less than
one per sweep in uncut blooming alfalfa field near Juliaetta, Latah County.
(Gillespie, O'Keeffe). WYOMING - Development slowed near Afton, Lincoln County.
Adults averaged 1 per sweep, larvae 10. Alfalfa 8-10 inches tall. (Baribeau).
Larvae ranged 35-160 per sweep in 2 Goshen County fields. (Spackman). Adults
6-50 per 100 sweeps in alfalfa of Platte and Laramie Counties. Larvae averaged
580 per 100 sweeps in Laramie County and 5,622 in Platte County. (Parshall).
COLORADO - Larvae 100-1,500 per 100 sweeps in uncut alfalfa in Larimer, Boulder,
Morgan, and Weld Counties. Building up, ranged 60-200 per 100 sweeps on second-
growth alfalfa; damage ranged light to heavy throughout 4-county area. Adults
ranged 0-150 per 100 sweeps. (Johnson). NEBRASKA -.Larvae ranged 85-1,216
(average 452) per 100 sweeps at Gotenburg, Dawson County; lighter in rest of
Dawson County. Averaged 108 per 100 sweeps in Phelps County field. In Kearney
County, larvae averaged 5 per 200 sweeps for new county record. (Manglitz,

June 4).

WEEVILS - CALIFORNIA - Hypera spp. heavy on alfalfa plantings at Raisin City,
Fresno County. (Cal. Coop. Rpt.). OKLAHOMA - H. punctata adults ranged up to 5
per 100 sweeps in alfalfa in Harper County. Heavy in alfalfa in Beckham County.
(Okla. Coop. Sur.). MISSOURI - H. meles adults collected from alfalfa and red
clover in Franklin, Gasconade, Madison, and St. Francois Counties for new county
records. (Munson). MASSACHUSETTS - Average counts of Sitona hispidulus per 100
sweeps on alfalfa in 3 fields per county: Hampshire 4.60, Berkshire 1.33 on June
3-4. (Miller). MINNESOTA - S. cylindricollis severely damaged new seedings of
sweetclover in some areas in northwest district. Damage 100 percent on 3 to 4-
inch sweetclover. (Minn. Pest Rpt.).

CLOVER SEED WEEVIL (Miccotrogus picirostris) - IDAHO - Adults 2-30 per sweep in
white clover fields at Nezperce, Lewis County. (Dailey). Ranged 10-35 -per sweep
of white clover in 3,000 acres at Bonners Ferry, Boundary County. (Studer).

PEA APHID (Acyrthosiphon pisum) —- MASSACHUSETTS - Average per 100 sweeps on
alfalfa in 3 fields per county: Hampshire 72, Berkshire 18.30 June 3-4. (Miller).
VIRGINIA - Averaged 400 per 100 sweeps in Nottoway County alfalfa. (W.A. Allen).
OKLAHOMA - Moderate in alfalfa in Mayes County. Ranged 2-40 per 10 sweeps in
Major, Alfalfa, Woods, Harper, and Beaver Counties. (Okla. Coop. Sur.). KANSAS -
Light, 2-6 per 10 sweeps, in alfalfa checked in south-central and southwestern
areas. (Simpson). COLORADO - Remains light on alfalfa in Boulder, Morgan,
Larimer, and Weld Counties. (Johnson). WYOMING - Ranged 150-500 per 100 sweeps
of alfalfa in Platte and Laramie Counties. (Parshall). NORTH DAKOTA - Built up
in southeast counties. Ranged 100-3,000 (averaged 1,350) per 100 sweeps. First-
crop alfalfa being cut for hay. (Kaatz).

- 449 -

LYGUS BUGS (Lygus spp.) - ARIZONA - Adults 180 and nymphs 60 per 100 sweeps of
alfalfa at Casa Grande, Pinal County. Averaged 125 adults and 125 nymphs at Yuma,
Yuma County. (Ariz. Coop. Sur.). NEW MEXICO - Average per 25 sweeps in alfalfa;
7-15 at Roswell, Chaves County (Mathews) and 14-50+ in Mesilla Valley, Dona Ana
County (Elson, Seagraves). WYOMING - Nymphs and adults ranged 100-500 per 100
sweeps in alfalfa of Platte and Laramie Counties. (Parshall). MASSACHUSETTS -
Average per 100 sweeps of alfalfa in 3 fields per county: Hampshire 10.30,
Berkshire 11.67 on June 3-4. (Miller).

ALFALFA PLANT BUG (Adelphocoris lineolatus) - NORTH DAKOTA - Ranged up to 700
(average 330) per 100 Sweeps in alfalfa in southeast area. (Kaatz). WISCONSIN -
Unusually heavy in most alfalfa checked. Ranged up to 30 per sweep. (Wis. Ins.
Sur.). INDIANA - Late instar nymphs ranged 4-17 per sweep on alfalfa in northern
half of State. First adults of season present in trace numbers. (Huber).

MISSOURI - Collected from alfalfa in Madison County for a new county record.
(Munson). KANSAS - Light, 4-12 per 10 sweeps, in alfalfa checked in south-central
and southwestern areas. (Simpson).

RAPID PLANT BUG (Adelphocoris rapidus) - WISCONSIN - Abundant in alfalfa; ranged
1-5 per sweep in State. (Wis. Ins. Sur.). KANSAS - Light, 4-12 per 10 sweeps, in
alfalfa in south-central and southwestern areas. (Simpson).

MEADOW SPITTLEBUG (Philaenus spumarius) - MASSACHUSETTS - Average nymphal counts
per 100 sweeps of alfalfa in 3 fields per county June 3-4: Hampshire 25.30,
Berkshire 3.67. (Miller). OHIO - Adults increasing in clover and mixed hay as
nymphs mature. High numbers (10 or more per 5 sweeps) found in Delaware and
Wayne Counties; moderate (1-9 per 5 sweeps) in most hayfields in northeastern
area. (Rings). VIRGINIA.- Adults averaged 15 per 100 sweeps of Nottoway County
alfalfa. (W.A. Allen). MISSOURI - Adults collected from alfalfa and red clover
in Franklin and Madison Counties for new county records. (Munson).

SOYBEANS

BEAN LEAF BEETLE (Cerotoma trifurcata) - MARYLAND - Adults heavy in southwestern
Wicomico County. Sprays needed. (U. Md., Ent. Dept.). VIRGINIA - Damage very
light in Dinwiddie County; up to 30 percent of leaves showing at least 1 hole

in 30-acre field in Hanover County. (W.A. Allen). NEBRASKA - Adults feeding on
about 5 percent of plants in 2 fields near Mead, Saunders County. (Keith).

MEXICAN BEAN BEETLE (Epilachna varivestis) - MARYLAND - Adults heavy in several
fields in southwestern Wicomico County. Sprays required. (U. Md., Ent. Dept.).

VIRGINIA - Overwintered adults trace; no economic damage in Nansemond, Isle of

Wight, Sussex, and Southampton Counties. (W.A. Allen).

COTTON

BOLL WEEVIL (Anthonomus grandis) - TEXAS - Total weevils caught period May 21-31
estimated at 2,500; weevils caught at all but 4 of 26 trapping areas, heaviest
catches in Turkey area, Hall County. Wing traps operated in May in Rio Grande
Valley yielded 931 weevils. Collections declined by May 22. (PPC South. Reg.).
In McLennan and Falls Counties, 6 of 11 untreated cotton fields averaged 110
(maximum 500) weevils per acre. In 17 of 59 treated fields averaged 125 (maximum
275) per acre. No weevils on flight screens. (Cowan et al.). ARKANSAS - Weevil
counts by county in wing traps to date: Yell 32 (5 traps), Lafayette 7 (10
traps), Faulkner zero (5 traps), Columbia 602 (5 traps). (Boyer, Barnes).
LOUISIANA - In Madison Parish weevils ranged 65-1,106 (averaged 159) per acre

in 20 of 64 cotton fields examined. Recovered 38 weevils from 17 wing traps at
15 locations near hibernation sites, where spring ground trash collected; total
to date 512 weevils. Recovered 17 weevils from 145 wing traps on isolated island
in Mississippi River; total to date 1,778. Recovered 5 weevils from 48 wing traps
placed on isolated island and nearest cotton field in Madison Parish; total to
date 26. Collected 11 weevils from 10 wing traps at 10 sites near hibernation

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sites and checked daily; total to date 123. Total from all wing traps to date
2,439. (Cleveland et al.). MISSISSIPPI - In 2 of 19 cotton fields, weevils 130
per acre in one, 65 per acre in second. In 28 wing traps collected 9 weevils,
total to date 238 in delta counties. (Pfrimmer et al.). ALABAMA - Overwintered
weevils remain high in cotton in Dale, Covington, Geneva, Houston, Henry, and
other southern counties. In numerous fields with 3-6 squares per stalk, 50
percent of squares punctured. Controls begun in many older fields. Populations
high in central portion of State. (Teague). Live weevil counts per acre by
county: Covington (4 sites) 50, 300, 300, and 500 on 4 to 10-leaf cotton; Shelby
zero on 4 farms (Thompson); Pickens (2 farms) 275 and 500 on presquare cotton
(Corder); Colbert 0-50 on 2 farms (Scouts); Madison zero (Eich). GEORGIA -
Overwintered weevils up to 140 (averaged 37) per acre in 17 fields; 0-8 percent
punctured squares in older cotton in southern area (Womack); 15 weevils caught in
3 wing traps in Spalding County June 9-13 (Beckham).

BOLLWORMS (Heliothis spp.) - TEXAS - In McLennan and Falls Counties, larvae
averaged 0.5, eggs 0.8 per 100 terminals in 58 treated cotton fields; in 1l
untreated fields averaged 0.5 egg and 0.3 larva per 100 terminals. Seventy-
two larvae previously collected from native hosts identified H. zea; total to
date on all hosts 326 H. zea and 4 H. virescens. Two larvae previously collected
on cotton identified H. zea. (Cowan et al.). ARKANSAS - H. zea increased in
light traps at Hope, Hempstead County, 8 moths June 5-11; 1 moth at Kelso,

Desha County. (Boyer). LOUISIANA - Larvae in 22 of 49 cotton fields checked in
Madison Parish ranged 1-5 (averaged 1.6) percent on terminals. Eggs found in 33
fields averaged 5.6 per 100 terminals, ranged 1-23 percent. Blacklight trap
collected 51 H. zea and 3 H. virescens moths. (Cleveland et al.). MISSISSIPPI -
Found 2 larvae in 1 cotton field, eggs in 3 fields. In 95 wing traps 281 H. zea
collected; total to date 1,492 in delta counties. (Pfrimmer et al.). GEORGIA —
Very light egg laying in southern area fields. (Womack).

COTTON FLEAHOPPER (Pseudatomoscelis seriatus) - TEXAS - Averaged 1.8 per 100
terminals in 58 treated cotton fields, 2.2 in 11 untreated fields in McLennan
and Falls Counties; maximum number per 100 terminals 10.7. Highest counts per
sweep in native host; averaged 21 in 13 fields of horsemint. (Cowan et al.).
TEXAS - Light in High Plains in Crosby, Swisher, and Yoakum Counties. (Almand,
Clymer). ALABAMA - Light numbers appearing on cotton in Madison County. (Eich).

LYGUS BUGS (Lygus spp.) - ALABAMA - L. lineolaris adults migrating into cotton
in northern area, especially in Madison and Limestone Counties. Currently light,
about 100 per acre in 6 to 10-leaf stage cotton. (Eich). MISSISSIPPI - L.
lineolaris averaged 181 (maximum 585) per acre in 14 of 19 cotton fields; 6
weevils collected in 1 wing trap in delta counties; total to date 107. (Pfrimmer
et al.). Light,noneconomic in several Monroe County fields. No squares yet.
(Dinkins). ARIZONA - Lygus spp. per 100 sweeps averaged 40 at Casa Grande, Pinal
County, and 10-30 in Salt River Valley, Maricopa County. (Ariz. Coop. Sur.).

COTTON APHID (Aphis gossypii) - NEW MEXICO - Continues low in Mesilla Valley,
Dona Ana County. (Elson, Seagraves). TEXAS - In McLennan and Falls Counties light
in 42, heavy in 1 of 48 treated cotton fields; light in 7 of 10 untreated fields.
(Cowan et al.). Generally light in High Plains in Dawson, Gaines, Lubbock, Terry,
and Yoakum Counties with few of heavier infestations in Lubbock County receiving
treatments. (Almand, Clymer).

THRIPS - GEORGIA - Damage heavy on seedling cotton in Spalding County. (Beckham).
ALABAMA - Light to heavy on unprotected cotton (0-20 per stalk) on several farms
in Madison, Cullman, Barbour, Geneva, and other counties. (Walton et al.).
MISSISSIPPI - Young cotton showing effects of migration past 2 weeks, older plants
passed damage stage in delta counties. (Pfrimmer et al.). Heavier than last period
on 5 to 6-leaf cotton in Lee County. (Dinkins). TEXAS - In McLennan and Falls
Counties light in 42, heavy in 1 of 48 treated cotton fields. Light in 6, medium
in 1, heavy in 1 of 10 untreated fields. (Cowan et al.). Light in Gaines, Hale,
Howard, Lamb, Terry, and Yoakum Counties. Medium in Swisher County. Some controls
applied in Floyd County in High Plains area. (Almand, Clymer). NEW MEXICO -

=O

Light to medium in Mesilla Valley, Dona Ana County. (Elson, Seagraves). Controls
applied in isolated spots at Artesia, Eddy County. (Campbell). Very light at
Roswell, Chaves County. (Mathews).

LEAF ROLLER MOTHS (Playnota spp.) - ALABAMA - Larvae in buds of plants widespread
and heavy in some 6 to 10-leaf cotton in Madison and Limestone Counties. One
grower with 400+ acres reports 30 percent of plants contain larvae which

destroyed 2 or more small squares per stalk and damaged buds. Other growers report
100-200 larvae per acre. (McDonald et al.).

TOBACCO

TOBACCO FLEA BEETLE (Epitrix hirtipennis) - MARYLAND - Ranged 3-5+ per plant in
many tobacco fields in southern areas. (U. Md., Ent. Dept.). VIRGINIA - Generally
light to medium damage on tobacco in Pittsylvania County. (Dominick).

WIREWORMS - VIRGINIA - Medium in one-acre field. Damage generally very light in
Pittsylvania County. (Dominick). Heavier than usual in Washington County. One
farmer considering plowing, treating, and replanting. (Derting).

SUGARBEETS

SUGAR-BEET ROOT MAGGOT (Tetanops myopaeformis) - COLORADO - Damage varies
considerably in Weld, Boulder, and Larimer Counties; up to 50 percent of plants
damaged in some fields. (Jenkins). NORTH DAKOTA - Larvae and pupae ranged 8-12
(averaged 10) per square foot in 1968 sugarbeet fields near St. Thomas in Walsh
and Pembina Counties. Ninety percent of larvae pupated on June 10, 1969, compared
to 60 percent by June 6, 1968. Fly emergence 10 percent. Peak fly emergence
expected within 7 days.- (Brandvik).

A RUST FLY (Psila sp.) - IDAHO - Larvae infested 160 acres of 240-acre field in
Pleasant Valley, Power County. Scoured surface and cut off tips of young roots.
Determined by G. Steyskal. (Schow).

A FLEA BEETLE (Systena taeniata) - COLORADO - Adult damage light to moderate in
Weld, Boulder, and Larimer Counties. (Johnson).

MISCELLANEOUS FIELD CROPS

ALFALFA LOOPER (Autographa californica) - OREGON - Larvae causing problems in
peppermint fields in Jefferson County. (Every). Adults abundant last 3 weeks in
blacklight traps in Willamette Valley. (Goeden).

POTATOES, TOMATOES, PEPPERS

GREEN PEACH APHID (Myzus persicae) - NEW JERSEY - Noted in Burlington County
pepper field and on tomato plants near Medford. (Ins.-Dis. Newsltr.). DELAWARE -
Present on peppers in Sussex County. (Boys). FLORIDA - Adults on 90 percent of
300 bell pepper plants at Tampa, Hillsborough County, May 31. (Simmons). OREGON -
First winged form collected June 10 in trap near potato fields in Ontario,
Malheur County. (Every).

COLORADO POTATO BEETLE (Leptinotarsa decemlineata) - UTAH - More numerous and
widespread in Davis County than in number of years. Commercial potato growers and
homeowners applying controls on potatoes; homeowners also applying controls on
tomatoes. (Knowlton, Stokes). Similar infestations reported from southern Weber
County. (Knowlton, June 10). COLORADO - Larvae 0-1 per plant and damage very light
in various potato fields in Weld County. (Johnson). NEW JERSEY - Eggs and larvae
numerous in potato fields near Adelphia, Monmouth County. (Ins.-Dis. Newsltr.).

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BEANS AND PEAS

MEXICAN BEAN BEETLE (Epilachna varivestis) - COLORADO - Adults appearing on beans
in Weld, Larimer, Boulder, and Morgan Counties. No eggs; damage very light.
(Johnson).

BEAN LEAF BEETLE (Cerotoma trifurcata) - MISSISSIPPI - Heavy on 2 acres of field
peas in Oktibbeha County; leaf damage severe. (Dinkins).

GENERAL VEGETABLES

SPOTTED CUTWORM (Amathes c-nigrum) - OHIO - Light trap records indicate first-
generation moths may be higher than since 1965. Records for first 10 days in

June show populations 3 times higher than in 1968 and 1967. Fewer moths caught

in same period in 1969 than in 1966. However, higher numbers indicated June 11-20;
in other years numbers dropped in this period. About half of female moths gravid.

(Rings).

CORRECTIONS

CEIR 19(21):358 - PALE WESTERN CUTWORM (Agrotis orthogonia) - SOUTH DAKOTA -
Delete note. Should read: "Less than one larva per 3 row feet in winter wheat
surveyed May 5-9 west of Ideal, Tripp County. (Jones)."

CEIR 19(24):436 - MOSQUITOES - OHIO - ... New county record for A. sollicitans
reported in Lucas County. (Martine). A. intrudens high, ... should read ... in
Summit County. (Martine). A. vexans high, ... (Richter).

CEIR 19(24):440 - INSECT DETECTION - ... SALT-MARSH MOSQUITO (Aedes sollicitans)
Lucas County, Ohio ... should read ... Summit County, Ohio ... (Richter).

CEIR 19(23):391, 407, 408 - Delete Maladera brunnea as new State record for Ohio.
Typographical error made on determination slip; genus and species in doubt.

DECIDUOUS FRUITS AND NUTS

SHOT-HOLE BORER (Scolytus rugulosus) - NEW MEXICO - Light to heavy on plum and
peach trees at Belen, Valencia County. Very heavy on some chemically damaged
trees. (Heninger).

PLUM CURCULIO (Conotrachelus nenuphar) - CONNECTICUT - Adults remain active on
unsprayed trees at Storrs, Tolland County, and New Haven County. (Kollas, June 10).

CODLING MOTH (LaspeyreSia pomonella) - NEW JERSEY - Caught 3 June 4-11 in baited
jar in Gloucester County. (InS.-Dis. Newsltr.). MICHIGAN - First adult emergence
June 3. (Klackle). WASHINGTON - First full-grown larvae at Buena June 10.
(Johnson). First entry at Selah May 27. Extensive entries in unsprayed apple
orchard May 31 to June 3. First moth at Pomona May 19. First entry May 17, peaked
May 31 to June 3. Five percent damage to unsprayed block in Yakima County.
(Gregorick).

WHITE PEACH SCALE (Pseudaulacaspis pentagona) - ALABAMA - Severely damaged large
treated peach orchard in Geneva County. Controls difficult in southern area.
(Jones et al.).

SAN JOSE SCALE (Aspidiotus perniciosus) - CALIFORNIA - Medium to heavy on apple
trees at Susanville, Lassen County. (Cal. Coop. Rpt.). WASHINGTON - On unsprayed
apple seedlings at Buena. First crawlers June 6; first attached white cap
crawlers June 10; first white cap crawler on pear fruit June 10 at Parker Heights.
Less than 1 percent damage in commercial orchard in Yakima County. (Johnson).

GREEN PEACH APHID (Myzus persicae) - NEW MEXICO - Light to heavy on peaches and
plums at Belen, Valencia County, and Albuquerque, Bernalillo County. Much severe
curling. (Heninger).

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LEAF-FOOTED BUG (Leptoglossus phyllopus) - ALABAMA - Adults of overwintered
generation heavy on peaches in Southern Mobile County. (Nelson et al, June 6).

PERIODICAL CICADA (Magicicada septendecim) - NORTH CAROLINA - Brood IX moderate
to heavy May 26 to June 10 in Wilkes, Alleghany, and Surry Counties. Some damage
to young fruit trees. (Wray).

PEAR PSYLLA (Psylla pyricola) - OREGON - Second-generation nymphs abundant at
Medford, Jackson County. (Larson).

SPIDER MITES (Tetranychus spp.) - NEW MEXICO - T. mcdanieli beginning to build
up in several orchards in Rio Arriba and Santa Fe Counties. (Sais, Nielsen).
OREGON - T. urticae (two-spotted spider mite) becoming abundant on Anjou pears
at Medford, Jackson County. (Larson). MICHIGAN - Panonychus ulmi (European red
mite) feeding and buildup generally ceased with adverse weather conditions.
Problem expected if weather suddently turns hot and dry. (Thompson, June 9).

PEAR-SLUG (Caliroa cerasi) - OREGON - First-generation larvae appearing in Jackson
County. (Larson). Present at Hermiston, Umatilla County. (Goeden).

PECAN LEAF CASEBEARER (Acrobasis juglandis) - ALABAMA - Very heavy and widespread
on young Stewart and deSirable varieties of pecans at Tyler, Dallas County. (Hines,
June 6).

PECAN NUT CASEBEARER (Acrobasis caryae) - ALABAMA - First new generation larvae
for this season light in pecan nuts in large orchard in southern Houston County.
(Leeper, White, June 6). OKLAHOMA - Averaged 6 red eggs and 19 white eggs per 100
clusters at Owasso and: Sperry, Tulsa County, June 6. Light on pecans checked in
Bryan County. (Okla. Coop. Sur.).

FALL WEBWORM (Hyphantria cunea) - ALABAMA - First broods of season light to medium
on pecans and perSimmon trees in southern Mobile County. Webs in 4 pecan orchards
and nearly all persimmon trees contained a brood. (Seibels et al., June 6).

APHIDS (Monellia spp.) - ALABAMA - Increasing on pecans in Autauga, Bullock,
Wilcox, Bibb, Lee, Baldwin, Mobile, Pike, and Butler Counties. (Morgan et al.).
NEW MEXICO - M. costalis ranged from 1 per leaf to 5 per leaflet on pecan trees
in Mesilla Valley, Dona Ana County. (Elson, Seagraves).

PECAN PHYLLOXERA (Phylloxera devastatrix) - GEORGIA - Moderate on pecan foliage in
Webster County. (Matthews)

CITRUS

SIX-SPOTTED MITE (Eotetranychus sexmaculatus) - FLORIDA - Infestation worst known
on citrus in Volusia County, eSpecially on grapefruit in late May. (Townsend).

CITRUS RED MITE (Panonychus citri) - CALIFORNIA - Heavy at Saint Helena, Napa
County. (Cal. Coop. Rpt.).

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SMALL FRUITS

GRAPE FLEA BEETLE (Altica chalybea) - INDIANA - Heavy on grapes statewide; adult
feeding major concern in May; larvae major concern now. (Huber et al., June 6).

MEADOW SPITTLEBUG (Philaenus spumarius) - VIRGINIA - Spittle masses 2-3 per
blueberry bush in James City County. (Tate, Hoyos, June 5).

STRAWBERRY APHID (Chaetosiphon fragaefolii) - OREGON - Below normal on straw-
berries in Willamette Valley. (Every).

YELLOW-HEADED FIREWORM (Acleris minuta) - NEW JERSEY - Moths abundant on cranberry
bogs. (Ins.-Dis. Newsltr.

STRAWBERRY SPIDER MITE (Tetranychus turkestani) - OREGON - Abundant; problems on
strawberries in Willamette Valley. (Every).

ORNAMENTALS

BAGWORM (Thyridopteryx ephemeraeformis) - OKLAHOMA - Heavy on evergreens in most
of Oklahoma City area, Oklahoma County. (Okla. Coop. Sur.).

PALE JUNIPER WEBWORM (Aethes rutilana) - MONTANA - Infested several species of
juniper at Deer Lodge, Powell County. (Pratt, June 10).

HOLLYHOCK WEEVIL (Apion longirostre) .- NEVADA - Collected on hollyhock at Minden,
Douglas County, for a new county record. (Bechtel, Heringer).

ROSE CHAFER (Macrodactylus sSubSpinosus) - MASSACHUSETTS - First adults of season
at Amherst, Hampshire County. (MankowsSky).

FOREST AND SHADE TREES

SPRUCE BUDWORM (Choristoneura fumiferana) - PENNSYLVANIA - Heavily defoliated
hemlocks on 100 acres of mixed forest June 3 in Carbon County. (Jeffery, Simons).
MINNESOTA - Fourth instars in northern area. Spray project to begin about June
15 at Nett Lake River area on 10,000 acres of spruce-fir type. (Minn. Pest Rpt.).

COOLEY SPRUCE GALL APHID (Adelges cooleyi) - UTAH - Damage moderate in northern
Weber County. (Boyer, Knowlton, June 10). COLORADO - Damage heavy on ornamental
Spruce in nursery at Cedaredge, Delta County. (Sisson).

PINE NEEDLE SCALE (Phenacaspis pinifoliae) - CALIFORNIA - Medium on blue spruce
trees at Susanville, Lassen County. On increase with many widely separated
infestations. (Cal. Coop. Rpt.).

PINE TORTOISE SCALE (Toumeyella numismaticum) - PENNSYLVANIA - Caused some
severe damage on Scotch pines in Christmas tree plantations. (Gesell).

PINE SPITTLEBUG (Aphrophora parallela) - WISCONSIN - Second instars heavy on
600-acre plantation of pole-Size jack pine June 3 in Marinette County. (Wis. Ins.
Suni)

FOREST TENT CATERPILLAR (Malacosoma disstria) - MONTANA - Widespread on choke-
cherry in many areas, in many cities and towns on ornamentals, and at Bozeman,
Gallatin County, and Havre, Hill County. (Pratt, June 10). MINNESOTA - Defoliation
severe west of International Falls. Some migration occurring. (Minn. Pest Rpt.).

GREEN-STRIPED MAPLEWORM (Anisota rubicunda) - ALABAMA - Heavy larval outbreak
defoliated many maples in Morgan County. (Parker).

MIMOSA WEBWORM (Homadaula anisocentra) - KANSAS - Light on ornamental honeylocusts
in Barton County. (Martinez). WEST VIRGINIA - Eight infestations of 1-5 webs per
tree in Wetzel and Monongalia Counties. (W. Va. Ins: Sur.).

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FALL WEBWORM (Hyphantria cunea) - MARYLAND - First larvae of season feeding on
Prince Georges County elms. (U. Md., Ent. Dept.).

ELM LEAF BEETLE (Pyrrhalta luteola) - NEVADA - Damage heavy in areas of Lincoln
County. (Miller). ARIZONA - Heavy on elms at Kingman, Valentine, and Peach
Springs, Mohave County; at Seligman, Ashfork, and Prescott, Yavapai County;

and at Joseph City and Holbrook, Navajo County. (Ariz. Coop. Sur.). NEW MEXICO -
Damaged elm foliage at Hillsboro, Sierra County. (Elson, Seagraves). OKLAHOMA -
First-generation larvae destroyed 10-15 percent of leaf surface on many trees

in Payne County. Moderate in Mayes, Woods, and Washita Counties. (Okla. Coop.
Sur.).

NATIVE ELM BARK BEETLE (Hylurgopinus rufipes) - WISCONSIN - Egg laying by over-
wintered adults reaching peak in Menominee County June 6. Few adults feeding on
healthy elms; collections of beetles still abundant on tanglefoot traps placed
weekly on healthy elms. Overwintered larvae scarce compared to overwintered
adults. Larvae nearly full grown; no pupae. (Wis. Ins. Sur.).

OAK KERMES SCALES (Kermes spp.) - OKLAHOMA - Very heavy on oaks at Pawhuska,
Osage County. Twig dieback on some trees. Moderate to heavy on blackjack oak in
Tulsa County with crawlers active. (Okla. Coop. Sur.).

OYSTERSHELL SCALE (Lepidosaphes ulmi) - MINNESOTA - Crawlers active on susceptible
plants in nurseries in Southern area. (Minn. Pest Rpt.).

BIRCH LEAF MINER (Fenusa pusilla) - MINNESOTA - Damage apparent in many areas.
Still active in northern Sections. (Minn. Pest Rpt.).

PERIODICAL CICADA (Magicicada septendecim) - ILLINOIS - Reported in northeastern
area. (Sur. Bull).

MAN AND ANIMALS

SCREW-WORM (Cochliomyia hominivorax) - Total of 23 cases reported in U.S. June
8-14 as follows: TEXAS - Bee L, Duval 1, Guadalupe 1, Jim Hogg 1, Kinney 1,

La Salle 1, Medina 1, Starr 4; NEW MEXICO - Grant 7; ARIZONA - Cochise 1,
Maricopa 1, Pima 1, Pinal 1, Santa Cruz 1. Total of 166 cases reported in

portion of Barrier Zone in Republic of Mexico June 1-7 as follows: Sonora 93,
Chihuahua 41, Coahuila 9, Nuevo Leon 9, Tamaulipas 14. Total of 12 cases reported
in Mexico south of Barrier Zone. Barrier Zone is area where eradication operation
underway to prevent establishment of self-sustaining population in U.S. Sterile
screw-worm flies released: Texas 71,058,000; New Mexico 3,920,000; Arizona
8,420,000; California 800,000; Mexico 74,690,000. (Anim. Health Div.).

NORTHERN CATTLE GRUB (Hypoderma bovis) - IDAHO - Adults running Latah County
cattle. (O'Keeffe).

FACE FLY (Musca autumnalis) - NEW JERSEY - Building up, 5-10 per face at
Flemington, Hunterdon County. Annoying horses in many areas. (Ins.-Dis. Newsltr.).
OHIO - Remains light to moderate in northeastern area; averaged about 20 per

face on Holsteins June 7-13. (Richter). ILLINOIS - Average per head by district:
West-southwest 17.5, southeast 8.8, northwest 6.8, and southwest 5.9. (I11. Ins.
Rpt.). IDAHO - Up to 4 (average 1) per face on beef and dairy herds at Kendrick,
Moscow, and Potlatch in Latah County. (O'Keeffe).

HOUSE FLY (Musca domestica) - NEW JERSEY - Beginning to build up in all areas.
Increasing in poultry houses and egg rooms (Ins.-Dis. Newsltr.).

HORN FLY (Haematobia irritans) - NEW JERSEY - Increasing statewide. (Ins.-Dis.
Newsltr.). MARYLAND - Ranged 40-50 per head on dairy cattle at Easton, Talbot
County. (U. Md., Ent. Dept., June 6). FLORIDA - Reached summertime abundance in
Everglades in May. Averaged 518 per pastured steer June 9. (Janes). ALABAMA -
Remains very heavy on unprotected beef herds in Wilcox, Bibb, Dallas, and other

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central and southern counties. Lighter on cattle as far north as Fayette County.
(Farquhar et al.). ILLINOIS - Average per head by district: Southeast 343.3,
southwest 104.5, west-southwest 53.8, and northwest 5.8. (Ill. Ins. Rpt.).
WYOMING - Ranged 10-160 (averaged 60) per head on Laramie County cattle.
(Parshall). IDAHO - Ranged 5-75 per animal and averaged less than 30 per side on
beef and dairy herds at Kendrick, Moscow, and Potlatch in Latah County.
(O'Keeffe).

STABLE FLY (Stomoxys calcitrans) - ILLINOIS - Average per head by district:
West-southwest 19.3, Southeast 4.0, and southwest 1.5. (Ill. Ins. Rpt.).

MOSQUITOES - NEVADA - Adults heavy in irrigated areas of Meadow Valley Wash,
Lincoln County. (Miller). WYOMING - Aedes dorsalis, A. vexans, and A. melanimon
larvae collected April 25 at Cheyenne, Laramie County. (Rich). MINNESOTA —

Light traps collected 23 species for week ending June 6 in Minneapolis and St.
Paul area. Very unusual catch of 1,125 A. abserratus in one trap at northern
limit of district near Bethel; very light elsewhere. Other species taken: A.
cinereus, A. punctor, A. vexans, Anopheles walkeri, Culex restuans, C. territans,
and Culiseta inornata. ManSonia perturbans in bite collections June 6 and in
light traps June 5-6; emergence will peak about second week in July. Aedes
dominated bite collections: abserratus, cinereus, dorsalis, fitchii,

sticticus, stimulans, and vexans. (Minn. Pest Rpt.). ALABAMA - Probably Culex
pipiens quinquefasSciatus very heavy at Monroeville, Monroe County. Problem such,
unified control efforts being requested. (Lemons, June 6). MARYLAND - Mosquitoes
remain heavy in many lowland wooded areas on Eastern Shore. Landing counts ranged
10-15 after entering woods in Queen Annes County. A. canadensis and A. grossbecki
predominate. (U. Md., Ent. Dept., June 6). Pe hat pias eee SO ht ars

A TABANID FLY (Diachlorus ferrugatus) - FLORIDA - Problem at Gainesville, Alachua
County, for 2-3 weeks; annoyed people and range cattle. (Strayer).

AMERICAN DOG TICK (Dermacentor variabilis) - TENNESSEE - Heavier than usual in
southwestern counties. (Locke, June 6). MINNESOTA - Very numerous in margins of
wooded areas in Washington, Dakota, and Ramsey Counties. (Minn. Pest Rpt.).

SCYTODID SPIDERS (Loxosceles spp.) - CALIFORNIA - L. laeta infested 5 buildings

in park at Sierra Madre, Los Angeles County. Discovered by M. Thompson June 4,
1969. Identified by M. Thompson; verified by W. Gertsch. This is a new State
record. Major infestation in auditorium building; in closets, attics, and
cupboards. Collected 75 spiders prior to fumigation June 8. Numbers and webbing
indicate presence for at least 2 years. Considered more poisonous than L. reclusa.
No reports of bites to date. (Waldron). NEBRASKA - One L. reclusa (brown recluse
spider) specimen taken at post office in Palmyra, Otoe County, May 29 for new
county record. (Keith).

HOUSEHOLDS AND STRUCTURES

WHARF BORER (Nacerdes melanura) - DISTRICT OF COLUMBIA - Adults collected in
buildings at 5 locations during late May and early June 1969. Caused concern as
some persons confused them with cockroaches or other pests. Larvae of this species
infest wet wood, particularly mouldy wood. (Fluno).

GERMAN COCKROACH (Blattella germanica) - ARIZONA - Heavy in northwestern Phoenix
residential areas in Maricopa County. (Ariz. Coop. Sur., June 6).

BENEFICIAL INSECTS

LADY BEETLES - NEW MEXICO - On chilli, cotton, pecans, and alfalfa in Mesilla
Valley, Dona Ana County. (Elson, Seagraves). WYOMING - Adults and larvae averaged
34 per 100 sweeps of Platte and Laramie County alfalfa. (Parshall). MISSISSIPPI -
Coleomegilla maculata heavy on cotton in Monroe, Lee, and Yazoo Counties.
(Dinkins). MARYLAND - Lady beetles ranged 10-15 per sweep of red clover at Church
Hill, Queen Annes County. (U. Md., Ent. Dept., June 6).

- 457 -

A DAMSEL BUG (Nabis sp.) - WYOMING - Adults averaged 15 per 100 sweeps of Platte
and Laramie County alfalfa. (Parshall).

A BIG-EYED BUG (Geocoris punctipes) - MISSISSIPPI - Increasing rapidly in cotton;
about 10-12 per 1,000 row feet in Monroe County. (Dinkins).

A MIRID BUG (Deraeocoris sp.) - OREGON - First generation appearing in Jackson
County. Seems moSt effective predator of pear psylla in area. (Larson).

FEDERAL AND STATE PLANT PROTECTION PROGRAMS

CEREAL LEAF BEETLE (Oulema melanopus) - PENNSYLVANIA - Collected on oats on farms
for following new county records. Larvae June 4 in Mifflin Township, Dauphin
County, by L.R. Pealer. Adults June 4 in Frankstown Township, Blair County, by

W. Bloom. Adults June 5 in Montour County by J.T. Ayres. MARYLAND - Adults light
on oats at Oakland, Garrett County, for new county record. Collected by W.T.
Garrett June 9. WEST VIRGINIA - Light on farms for following new county records.
Adults on oats May 27 in Preston County and on wheat June 10 at Junction,
Hampshire County, by A. Miller. Adults and larvae on oats June 5 in Doddridge
County, and on wheat June 6 in Harrison County; larvae. on wheat in Brooke County,
adults on oats in Ohio County and on wheat in Taylor County by Goddard and Grimms,
June 6. Larvae on oats at Glenville, Gilmer County, and on wheat in Lewis County
by McClung and Blackshire June 6. Adults and larvae on oats June 6 at Hamlin,
Lincoln County, by Sisson and Sisson. Larvae on oats June 11 at Moorefield, Hardy
County, by Saucier and Jones. KENTUCKY - Larvae on oats on farms for following
new county records. May 28 at Lawrenceburg, Anderson County, and at Harrodsburg,
Mercer County, and June 4 at Travellers Rest, Owsley County, by W.A. Smith. June
3 at Mount Washington, Bullitt County, by T. Smith and at Ellisburg, Casey County,
by P.D. Maxwell. June 3.at Tomahawk, Martin County, and June 4 at White Oak,
Morgan County, by P.E. Shipman. June 4 in Larue County by J.R. Erbling. June 4 at
Turnersville, Lincoln County, and June 5 at Mount Vernon, Rockcastle County, by
P.W. Turner. June 5 at Elizabethtown, Hardin County, by J. Wheeler and at Mummie,
Jackson County, by W.J. Luckwitz. June 6 in Meade County by J.H. Milner. June 9
at Netty, Magoffin County, by W.H. Reckner. INDIANA - On oats for following new
county records. Larvae May 26 in Clark County and May 17 in Scott County by R.B.
Cummings. June 3 in Greene County by L.W. Gouty and J.C. Larsen. Larvae June 3

in Marion Township, Dubois County, by J.R. Jansen. Adults June 4 in Orange County
by V.R. Knapp. Larvae June 4 in Rutherford Township, Martin County, and in
Jefferson Township, Pike County; June 5 in Morgan Township, Harrison County, in
Greenville Township, Floyd County, and in Jackson Township, Washington County;
June 6 in Harrison Township, Spencer County, by K.C. Kruse. June 6 at Mackey,
Gibson County, by P.E. Flint, and in Lawrence County by L.W. Gouty and J.R.
Jansen. All new county records determined by R.E. White. (PPC).

In Indiana, cereal leaf beetle eggs ranged 24-48 and larvae 24-36 per linear foot
of oats at New Castle, St. Joseph County. Adults and eggs declined May 28 to
June 5. (Shade). Larvae 1-7 per stem on 50-75 percent of 6 to 8-inch oats north-
east of line between South Bend and Fort Wayne, Allen County. Larvae heaviest in
area of U.S. Highway 6 between Ligonier, Noble County, and Waterloo, De Kalb
County. Light larval feeding on 20-60 percent of 2 to 4-inch oats throughout
northeastern and north-central areas north of U.S. Highway 30 and east of South
Bend. All checked fields unsprayed. (Huber, June 6). OHIO - Adults declining in
eastern area; usually below 20 per 100 sweeps of oats. Egg deposition complete;
larvae reaching full growth. Late-planted oats missed by ovipositing females.
Rarely more than trace damage on young oats in eastern area. Many “headed out"
oatfields show feeding damage. Oat damage averaged 10-20 percent in northeastern
and east-central area. Fields with 30 percent or more feeding damage in Medina,
Holmes, Carroll, Columbiana, Coshocton, Knox, Licking, and Franklin Counties.
Sprayed 300-400 acres of Union County oats (Mohler) and 200 acres in Ashland
County (Knight).

- 458 -

EUROPEAN CLOVER LEAF TIER (Mirificarma formosella) - CALIFORNIA - To help
determine geographic limits, 100 traps baited with "hexalure" deployed in
northern and central areas. Ten traps each, set in Colusa, Glenn, and Yolo
Counties. Seventy more set in central area. In 7 counties to date: El Dorado,
Placer, Sacramento, Nevada, Sutter, Yuba and Butte. (Cal. Coop. Rpt.). Butte
County is new county record. (PPC).

EUROPEAN PINE SHOOT MOTH (Rhyacionia bouliana) - OREGON - Limited infestation
discovered last week in May in Southwest Section of Portland, Multnomah County.
Numerous pines of several species contained late instars and pupae. Adults
emerged June 4. First of control sprays applied June 5. Isolation plus control
measures to be used to prevent spread. (Fisher).

FORMOSAN SUBTERRANEAN TERMITE (Coptotermes formosanus) - SOUTH CAROLINA - Speci-
mens collected in home in Charleston, Charleston County, in early March 1957 by
W.G. Ford. Species recently determined by V.H. Owens and confirmed by D.R. Smith,
establishes this termite in the United States 8 years earlier than previously
reported. Local spread apparently has been limited, as the 1957 infestation is
only a few doors from the infestation reported in 1968. See CEIR 17(27):603 and
15(32):907-908 for first- reports in South Carolina and the U.S. (PPC).

GRASSHOPPERS - OREGON - Several species becoming threatening in Snake and Imnaha
River areas in Wallowa County. Controls may be necessary. (Every). NEVADA -

Up to 90+ nymphs per square yard (mostly Melanoplus Sanguinipes) infested about
5,000 acres of alfalfa and grain in Diamond Valley, Eureka County. Infestations
and damage variable from field to field. (Heringer). About 400 acres treated with
insecticides and borders of crops baited. (Nev. Coop. Rpt.). Oedaleonotus enigma
averaged 25-35 per square yard on 600 acres in Crumb Canyon area South of Battle
Mountain, Lander County. Aulocara elliotti and O. enigma averaged 15-20 per
square yard on rangeland bordering Elko, Elko County. (Martinelli). UTAH -
Nymphal numbers below normal over most Box Elder County areas. A. elliotti and
Camnula pellucida now adult, plus small numbers of Trimerotropis spp. (Knowlton,
June 10). NEW MEXICO - Grasshoppers ranged 4-26 per Square yard on Lea County
range. (Dickerson). As high as 45 per square yard near Carrizozo, Lincoln County.
(Dunlap, Bower). Averaged 8-9 per square yard on 170,000 acres of Quay County
range. (Finnie). Cool, rainy weather retarded hatch in Union and Colfax Counties.
(Finnie, Bartholf). COLORADO - First and second instars of M. femurrubrum,
Orphulella pelidna, and others appearing; up to 6 per square yard in field
margins in northeastern and east-central areas. (Johnson). WYOMING - Averages

per 100 square feet in 2 study areas of Platte County. At Glendo June 5, total
counts averaged 77. Predominant species mainly in second and third instars:

A. elliotti 5, Ageneotettix deorum 27, Amphitornus coloradus 17. Late species
hatching: Trachyrhachys kiowa 7, Opeia obscura 1, Phlibostroma quadrimaculatum
6. At Guernsey June 6, total counts averaged 152. Predominant SpecieS mainly in
third instar: A. elliotti 32, A. deorum 53, A. coloradus 33. Late Species: T.
kiowa 3, P. quadrimaculatum 2, 0. obscura 3. (Pfadt). MINNESOTA - Light hatch in
South-central, central, and west-central districts; few first and second instars.
Cool weather slowed hatch. Few gray blister beetles in southwest district. (Minn.
Pest Rpt.).

IMPORTED FIRE ANT (Solenopsis saevisSima richteri) - LOUISIANA - Adults light at
Summerfield, Claiborne Parish, for a new parish record. Collected by A.C. Copeland
May 29. Determined by D.R. Smith. (PPC),

JAPANESE BEETLE (Popillia japonica) - TENNESSEE - First adults of season collected
June 12 in Monroe County. (Harris). NORTH CAROLINA - First adult of season at
Castle Hayne, New Hanover County, May 23. (PPC South. Reg.). VIRGINIA - Adults
light locally at Farmville, Prince Edward County. Adults infested smartweed at
Chesapeake. First beetles this year. (Szarzyrski, June 6). MARYLAND - First adult
of season on clover at Leonardtown, St. Marys County. (U. Md., Ent. Dept.).
DELAWARE - First adults at Dover, Kent County, area June 11 on roses and

pussy willow. (Miller, Franklin).

- 459 -

MEXICAN FRUIT FLY (Anastrepha ludens) - TEXAS - No adults trapped in May. Two
larval infestations found in Hidalgo County and 1 in Dimmit County. (PPC South.
Reg.).

MORMON CRICKET (Anabrus Simplex) - NEVADA - Generally light, good potential for
buildup on about 14,000 acres on west side of Humboldt Range in Star Peak area,
Pershing County. Control project of bait application to be initiated. (Nev. Coop.
Rpt.). Infested about 300 acres in Davis Canyon, Diamond Mountains, Eureka County.
(Burnett).

PINK BOLLWORM (Pectinophora gossypiella) - CALIFORNIA - Statistical bloom sampling
in Coachella Valley indicates larvae ranged about 20 per acre in 3-4 fields week
ending June 6. Chemical controls to be applied June 13. Sterile moth release week
ending June 13 as follows: Coachella Valley 838,800, total to date 5,297,580;
Kern County 86,400, total to date 331,900; Borrego Springs 5,960, total to date
5,960. (PPC). Survey of Coachella Valley cotton indicates 53 of 88 inspected
fields blooming. (Cal. Coop. Rpt.). ARIZONA - Increasing from Yuma to Roll areas.
Some fields treated in Yuma Valley, Yuma County. Very few adults caught in
extensive caging and sex lure trapping experiments in Maricopa County. (Ariz.
Coop. Sur.). TEXAS - Larvae ranged 10-30 per acre in few cotton fields. Limited
bloom inspections made in Hidalgo County. (PPC South. Reg., May Rpt.).

PISTACHIO SEED CHALCID (Megastigmus pistaciae) - CALIFORNIA - Seventh of 10
scheduled sprays’on over 600 pistachio treeS completed at Chico in Plant Intro-
duction Station. Trees not treated in 1968. Adults emerging from caged pistachio
seeds. (Cal. Coop. Rpt.).

RANGE CATERPILLAR (Hemileuca oliviae) - NEW MEXICO -— Medium on 200,000 acres of
range in Colfax County. (N.M. Coop. Rpt.).

HAWAII INSECT REPORT

Turf, Pastures - Damage by a GRASS WEBWORM (Herpetogramma licarsisalis) sporadic
in 5 acres of Kikuyu grass at Kainaliu, Kona. Larvae apparently prefer short
grass while at low density. First report from Kona this year. (Davis).

General Vegetables - CARMINE SPIDER MITE (Tetranychus cinnabarinus) heavy on

0.25 acre of eggplants at Kahului, Maui. Up to 75 mites per Square inch of lower
leaf surface. (Miyahira). CHINESE ROSE BEETLE (Adoretus sSinicus) adults heavy;
defoliated snap beans at Kukuihaele, Hawaii Island. Over 200 adults collected in
Single night. Heavily damaged flowers and foliage of unsprayed home rose planting
at Makawao, Maui. (Yoshioka, Miyahira).

Fruits - An OLETHREUTID MOTH (Cryptophlebia sp.) infested 10 percent of ripe
litchi fruit clusters at Wilhelmina Rise, Oahu. (Davis).

Beneficial Insects - A HISTERID BEETLE (Hister nomas) and a HYDROPHYLID BEETLE
(Sphaeridium scarabaeoides) active in fresh cow pads at Kalaheo, Kauai. H. nomas
found for first time on Kauai. (Sugawa).

Miscellaneous Insects - A GRASSHOPPER (Oedaleus abruptus) remains trace in treated
grassy areas; adultS remain light in brush areas within treated perimeter at
Hickam Air Force Base, Honolulu, Oahu. (Olson). Male of a LONGHORN GRASSHOPPER
(Euconocephalus nasutus) caught in ditch along Farrington Highway at Wailani
Tract, Waipahu, Oahu. Six of eleven known captured specimens discovered in
adjacent communities of Ewa and Waipahu. (Otsuka).

- 460 -

INSECT DETECTION

New State Record - A SCYTODID SPIDER (Loxosceles _laeta) California: Los Angeles
County (p. 456).

New County, Island, and Parish Records - ALFALFA PLANT BUG (Adelphocoris
Tineolatus) Missouri: Madison (p. 449). ALFALFA WEEVIL (Hypera postica)
Nebraska; Kearney; Oklahoma: Harper; Wisconsin: Juneau, WauShara (p. 448).
BROWN RECLUSE SPIDER (Loxosceles reclusa) Nebraska: Otoe (p. 456). CEREAL LEAF
BEETLE (Oulema melanopus) Indiana: Clark, Dubois, Floyd, Gibson, Greene,
Harrison, Lawrence, Martin, Orange, Pike, Scott, Spencer, Washington; Kentucky:
Anderson, Bullitt, Casey, Hardin, Jackson, Larue, Lincoln, Magoffin, Martin,
Meade, Mercer, Morgan, Rockcastle; Maryland: Garrett; Pennsylvania: Blair,
Dauphin, Montour; West Virginia: Brooke, Doddridge, Gilmer, Hampshire, Hardy,
Harrison, Lewis, Lincoln, Ohio, Preston, Taylor (p. 457). CLOVER HEAD WEEVIL
(Hypera meles) Missouri: Franklin, Gasconade, Madison, St. Francois (p. 448).
EUROPEAN CLOVER LEAF TIER (Mirificarma formosella) California: Butte (p. 458).

A HISTERID BEETLE (Hister nomaS) Hawaii; Kauai (p. 459). HOLLYHOCK WEEVIL (Apion
longirostre) Nevada: Douglas (p. 454). IMPORTED FIRE ANT (Solenopsis saevissSima
richteri) Louisiana: Claiborne (p. 458). MEADOW SPITTLEBUG (Philaenus Spumarius)
Missouri: Franklin, Madison (p. 449).

LIGHT TRAP COLLECTIONS

FLORIDA - Gainesville, 6/6-11, BL - Beet armyworm (Spodoptera exigua) 28, cabbage
looper (Trichoplusia ni) 2, corn earworm (Heliothis zea) 2, granulate cutworm
(Feltia Subterranea) 168, salt-marsh caterpillar (Estigmene acrea) 2, yellow-
striped armyworm (Prodenia ornithogalli) 5. MISSISSIPPI - Stoneville, 6/7-13,
2BL, 66-94°F., precip. 0.66 — Armyworm (Pseudaletia unipuncta) 93, beet armyworm
2, black cutworm (Agrotis ipsilon) 56, corn earworm 109, granulate cutworm 1,
salt-marsh caterpillar 10, tobacco budworm (H. virescens) 1, variegated cutworm
(Peridroma saucia) 72, yellow-striped armyworm 83. NEW JERSEY - Aura, 6/4-11,

BL - Armyworm 8, black cutworm 4, European corn borer (Ostrinia nubilalis) 26,
yellow-striped armyworm 3. Evesboro, 6/4-11, BL - Armyworm 2, Plainsboro, 6/4-11,
BL, European corn borer 7. Seabrook, 6/4-11, BL - Armyworm 26, European corn
borer 18. OHIO - Wooster, 6/6-12, BL - Armyworm 43, black cutworm 3, European
corn borer 97, variegated cutworm 1, wheat head armyworm (Faronta diffusa) 35.
TEXAS - Waco, 6/7-13, 69-91°F., no precip. - Armyworm 5, beet armyworm 3, black
cutworm 1, cabbage looper 8, corn earworm 16, granulate cutworm 11, tobacco
budworm 1, variegated cutworm 14, yellow-striped armyworm 26. WISCONSIN -
Armyworm 1, European corn borer 8.

Weather continued from page 444,

WEATHER BUREAU'S 30-DAY OUTLOOK
MID-JUNE TO MID-JULY 1969

The Weather Bureau's 30-day outlook for mid-June to mid-July is for temperatures
to average below seasonal normals over most areas from the Continental Divide

to the Appalachians as well as the central and southern Pacific coast, the
southern Plateau, and most of the south Atlantic coast. Above normal temperatures
are indicated for the Northwest and also the Northeast. Elsewhere near normal
temperatures are in prospect. Rainfall is expected to exceed normal over most

of the northern half of the Nation except for subnormal totals in the Pacific
Northwest and near normal amounts along the New England coast as well as the
northern Plains. Elsewhere, above normal rainfall is called for along the south
Atlantic coast, while subnormal totals are indicated for the Southwest and also
the west gulf coast region. Near normal amounts are expected in unspecified areas.

Weather forecast given here is based on the official 30-day ''Resume and Outlook"
published twice a month by the Weather Bureau. You can subscribe through the
‘Superintendent of Documents, Washington, D.C. 20250. Price $5.00 a year.

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VOL. 19 No. 26

AUG 4 4969
C/BRARIED

Cooperative
ECONOMIC INSECT

REPORT

Issued by

PLANT PEST CONTROL DIVISION
AGRICULTURAL RESEARCH SERVICE

UNITED STATES DEPARTMENT OF AGRICULTURE

June 27, 1969

AGRICULTURAL RESEARCH SERVICE

PLANT PEST CONTROL DIVISION

SURVEY AND DETECTION OPERATIONS

The Cooperative Economic Insect Report is issued
weekly as a service to American Agriculture. Its contents
are compiled from information supplied by cooperating State,
Federal, and industrial entomologists and other agricultural
workers. In releasing this material the Division serves as
a clearing house and does not assume responsibility for ac-
curacy of the material.

All reports and inquiries pertaining to this release,
including the mailing list, should be sent to:

Survey and Detection Operations
Plant Pest Control Division
Agricultural Research Service
United States Department of Agriculture
Federal Center Building
Hyattsville, Maryland 20782

Volume 19 June 27, 1969 Number 26

COOPERATIVE ECONOMIC INSECT REPORT
HIGHLIGHTS

Current Conditions
ARMYWORM heavy in bromegrass, wheat, corn, and sorghum in east and southeast
Nebraska; pupating in Kansas, Missouri, and Nebraska. BEET LEAFHOPPER heavy on
sugarbeets in Arizona. CORN LEAF APHID infested most corn and sorghum in north-
east and southeast Kansas; building up in grain sorghum in New Mexico; heavy in
sorghum in parts of Oklahoma. (p. 463). 3
GREENBUG continues damaging on grain sorghum in Nebraska and Kansas; building up
on sorghum, milo, and Sudan grass in Colorado; medium to heavy on milo in
California. (pp. 463-464).

CORN ROOTWORMS appearing in Iowa; heavy hatch expected in Ohio; some larval damage
in Nebraska. (p. 465).

ALFALFA WEEVIL damaging alfalfa in Vermont, New York, South Dakota, and Wyoming.
Populations declining in several States. (pp. 466-467).

BEAN LEAF BEETLE and MEXICAN BEAN BEETLE unusually abundant and damaging on
soybeans on lower Eastern Shore of Maryland. (p. 469).

SUGAR-BEET ROOT MAGGOT required controls on 11,000 acres of sugarbeets in North
Dakota. (p. 471).

TOBACCO FLEA BEETLE heavy on tobacco in southern Maryland; some injury in
Wisconsin. (p. 471).

LINDEN LOOPER defoliated several thousand acres of oaks and outbreak of an
OLETHREUTID MOTH heavy on 200,000 acres of oaks in Pennsylvania. (pp. 475-476).

HORN FLY required treatment on range cattle in North Dakota. FACE FLY heavy on
cattle in Maryland. STABLE FLY moderate on dairy herds in Nebraska. (p.477).

EUROPEAN CHAFER adults flying in Ohio; reported for first time in Hampden County,
Massachusetts. (p. 479).

CEREAL LEAF BEETLE economically important for first time in Monroe County,
Michigan. (p. 479).

Detection

An APHID reported for first time in New Jersey. (p. 476).
For new county records see page 481.

Special Reports

Distribution of Pear Psylla (map). (p. 482).

Techniques to Determine Losses. Selected References 1950-1957. Part IV.
(pp. 483-484).

Reports in this iSsue are for week ending June 20 unless otherwise indicated.

- 461 -

- 462 -

CONTENTS
Special Insects of Regional SiemiPUCANCE so -vacore/010 ciose-s exe wieioiels ois) el ejelslaleiel slcle eisisienehj ZOO

Insects Affecting

Corn, Sorghum, Sugarcane...........464 CUCURDIUES! <leseicies celedoloionencheyonshelensleeneuene ecg
Small) Grains epee ie Wiss sic |e) euche « efere eye e010 OO General VegetableS.......+62062+++402
Turf, Pastures, Rangeland..........466 Deciduous Fruits and Nuts........473
Forage LegumeS......e.cceccegerees 0406 GCUGELUS oho eersuecdelepenecoucheieveuswsteueyelinetensmem elec:
SOybeanS.....ccccecccrccceesccsess 469 Small Fructs oye. 0.6 0.0 oe.0c0ecsiepcnele! oe Ae
Cot toners dic cesreherenel erevelene: elioheler stelcuellerciionari tO ONNAMEN CAL SS) as) sietene\ evoneieieterereyeiconcloteme tile
TODACC Ole cieleleie. stoke czclelorciesctete ofoijehelielelios exe tei til: Forest and Shade Trees...........479
SugarbeetsS....csccccesrccrresssser stil Man and Animals... cc... . 0.0.6.0 6 c:erejcrene tnd
Miscellaneous Field Crops..........471 Households and Structures........478
Potatoes, Tomatoes, Peppers........471 Stored ProductsS.......-eeeeee+ee 0478
Beans (and) Peas: cc ccn-s slcls siele o cleleleleleltiL %

Hawaii Insect REPO ie oje:00 che, eseyesols:cjegeke 9 oderiesesesekegs Sicha oleperaehereus oi shevensushesshenstehedRel Rotem ne Rete
Beneficial TNSSCES sacs cic cis 1c uceiche atovonaueteuencver eqavsne jeucVate/.stanedsyeNeccuol cel scexelepenehoyexsnenonenenel tekeR Meme Lees
Federal and State Plant Protection ProgramS......ccsecccccsccrcrccesssseres ee e4l9
TNs GCto Detect dons once slevesiolene lie erekohele ehelioualel sheteyereneneleyeheloneueleuetelenehege) eneijenersusreyerasistened mekeKekece oll
Light Trap COLLEGELONS sic lolsre cele RHeTn Ee lelecehesieleloroiauelontoKeveneloneneneleieleyel Vexerorere relent Rete LO
CoPrectdons eee ee eee eave (chepadellsvaisocetel suskeelekelejeleleVeloisedeholenaegehsiavehersse| oMoiher Melon Ol
Distribution of Pear Psylla (map)..scccccecccccscrsccsscercessseessesssecse ee 0482

Techniques to Determine Losses. Selected References 1950-1957. Part IV........483

WEATHER FOR THE WEEK ENDING JUNE 23

HIGHLIGHTS: Hot dry weather prevailed in the Northwest and southern Texas. The
northern Great Plains were mostly cool and dry; the central Great Plains cool and
wet with damaging storms,

PRECIPITATION: Much of the precipitation last week occurred in connection with
thunderstorms and was of the slower type and, in some cases, locally severe. Hail
accompanied some of the storms. There were numerous reports of small hail and
several occurrences of large hail. Golfball size hail fell in the northern sections
of Amarillo, Texas, Tuesday evening and, on Wednesday afternoon, hail 2 inches in
diameter fell near Brownwood, Texas, accompanied by winds gusting to 60 m.p.h.
Hail as large as baseballs damaged trees, windows, and windshields near Comanche,
Texas, Wednesday afternoon, and l-inch hail, accompanied by winds gusting to 55
m.p.h.,. fell with heavy rain at Richmond, Virginia. Scattered thunderstorms hit

the Far West, the northern California mountains, and from Texas to the Southeast
an Thursday. Baseball-size hail fell east of Abilene, Texas, Thursday evening.

The weekend brought violent thunderstorms and a few killer tornadoes to mid-
America, Torrential rains produced flash floods in the Wichita, Kansas, and Kansas
City, Missouri, areas Saturday. In the afternoon destructive winds hit southern
Missouri and northern Arkansas and tornadoes occurred in Colorado, Missouri,
Tennessee, Virginia, and Mississippi. Hail as large as baseballs fell in north-
central Nebraska, and near Scott City, Kansas. Shortly before noon Sunday a tor-
nado injured a number of persons and caused extensive damage in Salina, Kansas.
Other tornadoes killed 2 persons at Old Mines, and 2 persons at Doe Run, Missouri.
Damaging windstorms and thunderstorms also occurred in Oklahoma and Illinois on
Sunday. No rain or only light sprinkles fell in southern Arizona, the southeastern
third of Texas, and Louisiana, It has been several weeks since Louisiana has
received important rainfall.

Weather continued on page 472.

- 463 -

SPECIAL INSECTS OF REGIONAL SIGNIFICANCE

ARMYWORM (Pseudaletia unipuncta) - INDIANA - Blacklight trap catches throughout
State light; no economic infestations reported to June 13. (Huber). MISSOURI -
Ranged 4-17 per square foot in lodged or dense wheat; larvae pupating. (Munson).
KANSAS - About 50 percent pupation reported in sample from bromegrass field in
Jefferson County. (Brooks). Very few (less than 10 per square yard) found in wheat
and bromegrass checked in Marion, Harvey, and Sedgwick Counties. (Simpson).
NEBRASKA - Heavy in bromegrass pastures, wheat, corn, and sorghum in most east and
southeast counties. Tachinid flies parasitized 8-10 percent of larvae. Pupation
underway, damage should continue. Ranged 4-18 per square foot in bromegrass
pastures and wheat, 5-6 per corn plant in Otoe, Sarpy, Douglas, Saunders, and
Lancaster Counties. (Keith).

ASTER LEAFHOPPER (Macrosteles fascifrons) - COLORADO - No adults found in fields
checked in Arkansas Valley. (Burchett).

BEET LEAFHOPPER (Circulifer tenellus) - WASHINGTON - Unusually low in eastern
area in April; scattered pockets on Royal Slope last half of May. Heavy flight at
Pasco, Franklin County, first week in June. Small numbers present elsewhere.
(Landis). COLORADO - Light, ranged 0.2 to 1.1 per square foot in Mesa-.and Delta
Counties. Sugarbeets in advanced 8 to 12-leaf stage, little evidence of curly

top as of June 10. (Bulla). ARIZONA - Ranged 1-10 per plant on 80 acres of sugar-
beets at Bowie, Cochise County. (Ariz. Coop. Sur.).

CORN LEAF APHID (Rhopalosiphum maidis) - KANSAS - Light to heavy (15-150 per
plant) in most corn and Sorghum examined in northeast and southeast areas.
Nearly 100 percent of plants infested. (Simpson). OKLAHOMA - Ranged 5-500 per
terminal in 8 to 9-inch sorghum in Ottawa County and in 12 to 24-inch sorghum
in Tillman and Jackson Counties. Heavy in sorghum in Craig and Garvin Counties.
(Okla. Coop. Sur.). NEW MEXICO - This and Schizaphis graminum building up in
in Curry County grain sorghum fields. Few fields treated. (Crystal, Campbell).

CORN EARWORM (Heliothis zea) - DELAWARE - Early larvae active in several corn
fields. (Boys, June 18). Larvae on corn in several areas, adults averaged about
2 per night in blacklight trap collections in Kent and Sussex Counties. Counts
high for time of season. (Burbutis). MARYLAND - Second instars light in ears

and whorls of isolated corn plants in 3 fields in Queen Annes and Dorchester
Counties. Adults averaged less than 1 per night at Centreville, Queen Annes County,
and Hurlock, Dorchester County, light traps. (U. Md., Ent. Dept.). VIRGINIA -
Larvae in Franklin County damaged 15 percent of whorls in 50-acre field of near
tasseling corn. (W.A. Allen). SOUTH CAROLINA - Damage to bean pods increasing.
(Thomas, June 18). ALABAMA - From 75 to 90 percent of sweet corn harvested from
several home gardens in Lee County contain larvae. Damage occurred to kernels at
end of ears. (Bagby et al.). MISSISSIPPI - Third-stage larvae ranged 1-2 per ear
in 30 percent of ears in 20-acre field of early dent corn in Yazoo County.
(Dinkins). KANSAS - Averaged 1-3 per 10 sweeps in few alfalfa fields examined in
south-central and southeast areas. (Simpson). NEW MEXICO - Light to moderate and
spotty; damaging whorls of field corn in southern Dona Ana County. (Seagraves,
Nielsen).

GREENBUG (Schizaphis graminum) - MISSOURI - Only occasional grain sorghum plant
(less than 5 percent) infested on lower leaves; very little damage. Sipha flava
(yellow sugarcane aphid) also light on lower leaves. (Craig). NEBRASKA =
Greenbug continues to damage grain sorghum in southeast and south districts.
Some reinfestation of treated fields in Jefferson, Gage, and Thayer Counties.
Appears somewhat stable in east and central areas. Ranged 1-15 per plant on 10
percent of plants in Saunders County. No serious damage. Predators increasing.
(Keith). KANSAS - Ranged 25-50 per plant on sorghum in Mitchell, Republic, and
Jewell Counties, with about 100 percent of plants infested in fields checked.
Severe discoloration common, some plants dying. Some fields abandoned, some
replanted. Many fields treated twice and continue to be reinfested. Parasite and
predator activity in area quite light; however, predator activity increasing in

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Clay County. Greenbug declined in Washington County over last 2 weeks from

25-50 per plant in fields checked to 3-10 per plant. Discoloration ranged from
none to light. No S. graminum noted in Nemaha, Brown, and Atchison Counties.
Trace numbers (1 per 5 plants) in one sorghum field in Jefferson County. (Brooks).
Ranged 1-4 per sorghum plant with 3-7 percent of plants infested in Marion and
Harvey Counties. Trace (less than 1 per 10 plants) in most sorghum checked in
Sedgwick, Sumner, Cowley, Elk, Chautauqua, Montgomery, Labette, and Neosho
Counties. Many fields heavily infested 3 weeks ago had very few aphids. Very

few parasites observed. Most fields have heavy populations of lady beetles,

6-10 adults per plant common. (Simpson). OKLAHOMA - Ranged 250-300 per plant on
50 percent of plants in scattered sorghum fields in Tillman and Jackson Counties.
Ranged up to 50 per plant on occasional plants in Harmon County field. Ranged
0-20 per plant on 8 to 9-inch sorghum in Ottawa County. (Okla. Coop. Sur.).
COLORADO - Building up on sorghums, milo, and Sudan grass in Cheyenne and Kiowa
Counties and in Arkansas Valley. Ranged 0-60 per plant; damage appearing.
(Johnson, Burchett). ARIZONA - Ranged 8-20 per plant on 20 acres of milo at
Kansas Settlement, Cochise County. (Ariz. Coop. Sur.). CALIFORNIA - Medium on
135-acre planting of milo at Clarksburg, Yolo County. Heavy on milo at Davis,
Yolo County, and medium on 80-acre planting at Chico, Butte County. (Cal. Coop.
Rptr yi.

HORNWORMS (Manduca spp.) - VIRGINIA - Manduca sp. larvae generally very light to
date on newly set tobacco in Pittsylvania County. (Dominick). MARYLAND - M.
quinquemaculata light in 3 acres of newly set tobacco near Davidsonville, Anne
Arundel County; 2-3 third instars per 50 plants. (U. Md., Ent. Dept.).

POTATO LEAFHOPPER (Empoasca fabae) - NEW YORK - Noted in alfalfa in Ithaca area.
(N.Y. Wkly. Rpt., June 16). WISCONSIN - Adults averaged as high as 3 per 10
sweeps in alfalfa as far north as Marshfield, Wood County. (Wis. Ins. Sur.).

POTATO PSYLLID (Paratrioza cockerelli) - COLORADO - Adults ranged 0-3 per 100
sweeps on potatoes in Otero, Bent, and Prowers Counties. Ranged 0-2 per 100
sweeps in all tomato fields checked in Arkansas Valley. (Burchett).

SPOTTED ALFALFA APHID (Therioaphis maculata) - KANSAS - None found in alfalfa
checked in southeast and South-central areas. (Simpson). OKLAHOMA - Heavy, built
up rapidly in alfalfa in some areas of Garvin County. (Okla. Coop. Sur.).
ARIZONA - Light in few forage fields at Yuma, Yuma County. Averaged 250 per 100
sweeps in 30-acre field at San Simon, Cochise County. (Ariz. Coop. Sur.).
WYOMING - Ranged 9-200 per 100 sweeps in 4 alfalfa fields of Crook, Campbell,
and Niobrara Counties for new county records. (Parshall).

TOBACCO BUDWORM (Heliothis virescens) - ARKANSAS - One moth, first of season, in
light trap at Kelso June 17. (Boyer). VIRGINIA - Larvae very light on tobacco
in Pittsylvania County. (Dominick).

CORN, SORGHUM, SUGARCANE

EUROPEAN CORN BORER (Ostrinia nubilalis) - NEW HAMPSHIRE - Egg laying underway.

No hatch at Litchfield June 4; hatching at Salem June 11. (Sutherland). NEW YORK -
White egg masses 3 per 50 stalks of early to midwhorl corn in Albany County.
(N.Y. Wkly. Rpt., June 16). NEW JERSEY - Flight of first generation about over.
(Ins.-Dis. Newsltr.). MARYLAND - First to third instars increasing rapidly on
Eastern Shore. Ranged 7-17 per 25 infested plants; averaged 10 per 25 plants in
most fields throughout Eastern Shore. Adults averaged 27 per night at Centreville,
Queen Annes County, light trap. First-instar infestations averaged less than 10
percent in central counties to date. (U. Md., Ent. Dept.). OHIO - Egg masses on
undersides of leaves of knee-high or higher corn in southwest area; low, less than
1 per 10 plants in most cases; ovipositing suppressed by weather. Egg masses
should be more numerous in southern areas soon. First egg hatch June 14 on knee-
high corn at Marietta, Washington County; feeding damage as high as 20 percent on
some plants. Adults remain high; 33 collected in light trap at Wooster with 24
collected night of June 19. (Richter). INDIANA - Moths active throughout State;

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egg hatch and larval feeding appearing on corn in southwest and south-central
districts; 75 percent of plants infested in 500 acres of early corn near Holland,
Dubois County. No larvae observed in northern three-fourths of State. (Huber,
June 13). MICHIGAN - Warm nights of June 6-7 produced heavy emergence patterns in
Lenawee and Livingston County blacklight traps. Female numbers fast approaching
males; heavy egg laying in prospect. Some early planted fields could develop
spotty economic infestations. (Newman). WISCONSIN - Averaged 85 percent emergence
in Dane and Rock Counties. Eggs on older corn run 1-2 per 100 plants. (Wis. Ins.
Sur.). MINNESOTA - Moth emergence in south-central and southwest districts.

Few egg masses on 16+ inch corn. Pupation remains slow due to cool temperatures;
averaged 50 percent in southwest district, 30 percent in west-central district.
(Minn. Pest Rpt.). IOWA - Egg mass survey in Montgomery County June 18 on 30-inch
corn. Forty egg masses per 100 plants found in one part of field; evidence of
newly hatched larvae observed in another part of field, but no larvae found.
Single egg mass observed June 17 on 1 of 6 20-inch corn plants in Page County.
(Iowa Ins. Sur.). ILLINOIS - Emergence complete in southern and central sections,
75-100 percent complete in northern sections. In southern section first-generation
hatch completed, second instars found; averaged 85 egg masses per 100 plants and
20 percent of plants infested. In central section egg masses averaged 30 per 100
stalks with hatch nearly 50 percent. In northern section, hatch beginning. (Ill.
Ins. Rpt.). MISSOURI - Leaf feeding ranged 0-44 percent in east-central area;

no egg masses; first and second instars observed. Leaf feeding averaged 52
percent in field in northeast area; egg masses present. In northwest area ranged
26-82 (averaged 44) percent; eggs and adults in all fields. (Munson). Leaf
feeding in west-central area ranged 4-40 percent; larvae in 30 percent of scarred
plants; very few egg masses. (Thomas). Controls applied to 1,000 acres of corn

in southeast area. (Jones). KANSAS - One field of 3-foot corn in Jefferson County
60 percent infested. Fresh egg masses present, moths still in field. Nearby

field 25 percent infested. Much of corn in area late. (Brooks). Infestation

60 and 80 percent, respectively, in 2 fields checked in Wyandotte County. Most
larvae first stage with occasional second instar. (Simpson). TENNESSEE - Damage
heavy in garden sweet corn in mid-State area. (Bogard).

CORN ROOTWORMS (Diabrotica spp.) - IOWA - First instars collected from corn at
Sanborn, O'Brien County, and Newell, Buena Vista County, June 18. Second instars
collected in Scott County June 16. (Iowa Ins. Sur.). NEBRASKA - D. virgifera

and D. longicornis hatched; larval damage at Mead field laboratory June 17.
(Munson). OHIO - First hatch of D. longicornis on western edge of Montgomery
County June 11. Most eggs collected in Preble and Clark Counties fully developed;
hatch should be heavy for next 7-10 days. Feeding damage to corn roots should
appear first week in July. (Musick). D. undecimpunctata howardi adults active

and low, less than 5 per acre in southwest area. Numerous gravid females observed.
(Richter).

STALK BORER (Papaipema nebris) - ILLINOIS - Moving into cornfields adjacent to
grassy fence rows and damaging first few rows. (Ill. Ins. Rpt.). MISSOURI - Larvae
boring in stems of many weeds, small grain, and stalks of corn over most of

State. (Craig). TENNESSEE - Damaging field corn in some mid-State areas. (Mullétt).
KANSAS - Ranged 4-15 percent in border rows of corn in Wyandotte and Leavenworth
Counties. (Simpson).

SOUTHWESTERN CORN BORER (Diatraea grandiosella) - MISSOURI - Infestations of
first to second instars ranged 0-25 percent in southeast area; 30 fields checked.
(Jones).

A CARABID BEETLE (Clivina impressifrons) - IOWA - Caused damage and replanting
of corn in MarshalI, Scott, Monona, and Sac Counties. (Iowa Ins. Sur.).

BEET ARMYWORM (Spodoptera exigua) - NEW MEXICO - Damaging young sweet corn at
Albuquerque, Bernalillo County. Injury noticeable and widespread. (Heninger).

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SEED-CORN MAGGOT (Hylemya platura) - NEW YORK - Unusual amount of damage. Probably
resistant to insecticides used in the combination seed treatments of corn. (N.Y.
Wkly. Rpt., June 16). WISCONSIN - Damaged some corn in Waushara County. (Wis.

Ins. Sur.).

WIREWORMS - WYOMING - Larvae destroyed 80 percent of stand of corn and 30-50
percent in another field near Byron, Big Horn County. Corn being replanted.
(Burkhardt, June 12).

CORN ROOT APHID (Anuraphis maidiradicis) - MISSOURI - Ranged 4-30 per root system
on 80-85 percent of corn in Howard County field. (Thomas).

YELLOW SUGARCANE APHID (Sipha flava) - OKLAHOMA - Ranged 0-75 per plant on 8 to
9-inch sorghum plants in Ottawa County. Outnumbered greenbug by about 20 to 1 in
most fields. (Okla. Coop. Sur.).

SMALL GRAINS

ENGLISH GRAIN APHID (Macrosiphum avenae) - WISCONSIN - Building up in west-central
part of State; growers concerned about possible damage to oats. (Wis. Ins. Sur.).
MINNESOTA - Up to 250 per row foot on oats in sandy soil areas of Dakota, Anoka,
Sherburne, and Isanti Counties. Counts highest on oats over 6 inches high. High
numbers plus dry weather caused some crop damage. Predators very low. M. avenae
ranged 60-80 per row foot, mostly on heads in few fields of winter wheat in Wright
County. (Minn. Pest Rpt.).

BROWN WHEAT MITE (Petrobia latens) - NORTH DAKOTA - Ranged up to 16 (average 5)
per leaf in headed winter wheat in Williams County. No damage evident. (Brandvik).

SAY STINK BUG (Pitedia sayi) - UTAH - Damaged dryland wheat in areas of Juab
County. Many fields averaged 1 per 3 heads. (Esplin, Knowlton, June 16).

BARLEY THRIPS (Limothrips denticornis) - NORTH DAKOTA - Adults ranged up to 11
(averaged 4.5) per leaf Sheath in headed barley in McKenzie County. Two per stem
in early boot-stage barley in Traill County. Less than 1 per plant in Cass,
Grand Forks, Walsh, and Pembina Counties. (Brandvik, Ka&atz).

TURF, PASTURES, RANGELAND

MEADOW PLANT BUG (Leptopterna dolabrata) - MISSOURI - Adults taken from bluegrass
in Lincoln County, and from red clover and fescue in Crawford County June 10.
(Hanning).

MEADOW SPITTLEBUG (Philaenus spumarius) - MARYLAND - Ranged 1-10 per sweep in
clover and grass hay mixtures in Frederick, Carroll, Howard, and Montgomery
Counties. (U. Md., Ent. Dept.).

PERIODICAL CICADA (Magicicada septendecim) - COLORADO - Abundant in rangeland
and cedars in various areas of Delta, Montrose, and Mesa Counties. Most feeding
confined to rangéland areas. (Bulla).

FORAGE LEGUMES

ALFALFA WEEVIL (Hypera postica) - NEW HAMPSHIRE - Tip damage ranged 5-85 percent
and larvae ranged 96-2,000 per 100 sweeps in New Boston area June 4; tip damage
over 25 percent in only one field. Tip damage 1-15 percent in Concord area June
10. (Sutherland). VERMONT - Damage heavy in Chittenden County. (MacCo?itom) .

NEW YORK - Remains light in Ulster County; however, severe damage evident in
occasional field. Pupating. Activity rapidly increasing, many fields in Clinton
and Essex Counties showing 50+ percent tip damage. Some damage in Franklin
County fields. Some early fields in Broome County frosted. Tip injury severe on
new growth of unsprayed stubble. Many alfalfa fields damaged 100 percent in
Orleans County; rapid defoliation occurring. Activity at peak with cocoons in

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trash and on stems in Livingston County. Tip damage 100 percent in most first
crop alfalfa in Wyoming County. Many acres of first cutting sprayed. Injury

in Albany County increased greatly last few days. (N.Y. Wkly. Rpt., June 16).
MASSACHUSETTS - Average number per 100 sweeps June 10-12 by county: Berkshire

4 adults, 669.6 larvae in 7 fields of alfalfa, tip feeding 38-84 percent.
Hampshire 3 adults, 352.6 larvae in 5 fields. (Miller). MARYLAND - Larvae 0-6
per sweep on central area alfalfa. Injury to second growth in 25-acre field
averaged 10 percent near Frederick, Frederick County. Activity declining state-
wide. (U. Md., Ent. Dept.). VIRGINIA - Continues low; damage minor. (W.A. Allen).
WISCONSIN - Larvae averaged 181 per 100 sweeps on June 11 at night in Kenosha
County. Adults averaged 4 per 100 sweeps. Sweeps in regrowth about 8 inches’ high
showed 3 per 100 sweeps in Dane County, 37 and 8 per 100 sweeps in Rock County.
(Wis. Ins. Sur.). INDIANA - First cutting well underway in central and northern
districts. Adult emergence continued in southern districts; pupation increasing
in northern districts. Except in south-central district and entire eastern third
of State, infestations appeared less damaging than in 1968. (Huber, June 13).
ILLINOIS - Still declining; larvae 0.2-2.0 per sweep in central and north-central
sections. (Ill. Ins. Rpt.). IOWA - Collected in Wapello, Davis, and Jefferson
Counties by A. Seim, and in Henry County by G. Vincent. These are new county
records. (Iowa Ins. Sur.).

NORTH DAKOTA - Alfalfa weevil larvae ranged 10-2,450 (average 423) per 100 sweeps
in irrigated alfalfa in McKenzie and Williams Counties. Ranged 16-40 (average

28) per 100 sweeps in dryland alfalfa. (Kaatz). SOUTH DAKOTA - Damage continued
to increase in alfalfa in northern Black Hills near Spearfish, Lawrence County.
Mostly second and third instars. Over 1,200 larvae per 100 sweeps on fields
sampled. Adults decreased to 10 per 100 sweeps. Pupae first observed June 17.
Larvae fewer in southern Black Hills, near Oral and Hot Springs, Fall River
County; 200-400 per 100 sweeps common. (Jones). NEBRASKA - Larvae peaked week of
June 8 in Dawson County. Damage light in most fields. Highest count 551 larvae
per 100 sweeps near Gothenburg. (Manglitz, Stevens, June 13). Larvae in alfalfa
continuing to decline in Dawson County; highest count 2 per sweep. (Manglitz,
June 17). COLORADO - Larvae pupating in Arkansas Valley and not expected to be
serious problem remainder of season. (Burchett). WYOMING - Larvae continue
damaging in Washakie County; ranged 0-1,151 per 5 sweeps. Ranged 0-1,050 per 5
sweeps at Torrington and Lingle, Goshen County. (Burkhardt, June 12). Larvae
averaged 40-45 per sweep in Natrona County. Averages ranged 30-300 per sweep

in Sheridan County. (Baribeau). Ranged 0-9,000 per 100 sweeps in north-central
and northeast areas. Larvae per 100 sweeps of alfalfa by county: Johnson 1,350,
Campbell 120, Crook 412, Weston 1,112, Niobrara 13, Converse 5,500. Damage heavy
in Converse County, much hay being mowed. (Parshall). UTAH - Injury moderate in
most Box Elder County fields along Wasatch Front. (Allred, Knowlton, June 19).
OREGON - Adults reared from late instars collected May 26 on hairy vetch at Canby,
Clackamas County. (Dickason). First week in June larvae on alfalfa near Prineville,
Crook County, averaged 157-182 per sweep. (Every, Dickason). Larvae averaged less
than one per sweep in Benton County fields which were out about first of June.
(Dickason).

CLOVER LEAF WEEVIL (Hypera punctata) - UTAH - Severely damaged alfalfa in few
Sanpete County fields. (Knowlton, Herring, June 16). KANSAS - Adults averaged
2-6 per 10 sweeps in alfalfa in Montgomery and Labette Counties. (Simpson).

PLANT BUGS (Adelphocoris spp.) - UTAH - Swept 5 A. superbus in 10 sweeps of
alfalfa at Hurricane, Washington County. Noticeable on alfalfa at Kanab, Kane
County. (Davis, Knowlton, June 16). MISSOURI - A. lineolatus collected from
red clover and fescue June 10, 1969, in Crawford County. This is a new county
record. (Hanning). WISCONSIN - A. lineolatus nymphs numerous in some alfalfa
in central counties; 10 per sweep common. Adults appearing. (Wis. Ins. Sur.).

ASH-GRAY BLISTER BEETLE (Epicauta fabricii) - WYOMING - Ranged 10-115 per 100
sweeps of most alfalfa in Crook and Weston Counties. (Parshall).

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PEA APHID (Acyrthosiphon pisum) - MASSACHUSETTS - Average number per 100 sweeps
of alfalfa June 10-12 by county: Berkshire 90.3 (7 fields), Hampshire 118.7

(5 fields). (Miller). DELAWARE - Very abundant on some alfalfa in New Castle
County. (Burbutis). VIRGINIA - Continues light in most areas. (W.A. Allen).
WISCONSIN - Averaged 5 per sweep in Wood County alfalfa. All sizes of nymphs
present; winged individuals common. Parasitism generally very low. (Wis. Ins.
Sur.). KANSAS - Averaged 0-25 per 10 sweeps in alfalfa in Marion, Harvey, Sedgwick,
Sumner, Cowley, Elk,. Chautauqua, Montgomery, Labette, and Neosho Counties. Lady
beetles heavy in most fields. (Simpson). OKLAHOMA - Ranged 80-100 per 10 sweeps
in alfalfa in Tillman County. (Okla. Coop. Sur.). COLORADO - Building up in
Arkansas Valley. Ranged 20-18,000 per 100 sweeps of alfalfa. (Burchett).

WYOMING - Ranged 43-689 per 5 sweeps in Washakie County and 2-115 in Goshen
County. (Burkhardt). Ranged 30-200 per sweep in Natrona and Sheridan Counties.
Light, 100-3,000 per 100 sweeps, in most alfalfa in Johnson, Campbell, Crook,
Weston, Niobrara, and Converse Counties. (Parshall). UTAH - Ranged per 10 sweeps:
5-30 at Delta and Sutherland area, 35 at Hinckley, Millard County; 300-400 at
Kanab, Kane County; generally light in Washington County. (Davis, Knowlton,

June 16). NEVADA - General, medium infestations on seed alfalfa at Lages
Station, White Pine County. (Peters). OREGON - Still very low in west area
alfalfa fields. (Dickason).

LYGUS BUGS (Lygus spp.) - NEVADA - General, medium infestations on seed alfalfa
at Lages Station, White Pine County. (Peters). ARIZONA - Averages per 100 sweeps
of alfalfa as follows: 150 on 30 acres at San Simon, Cochise County; 200 on

40 acres at St. Johns, Apache County; 650 adults and 250 nymphs on 4 eastside
fields in Salt River Valley, Maricopa County. (Ariz. Coop. Sur.). UTAH - Adults
8-19 and nymphs few per 10 sweeps of alfalfa in bud and blossom in Delta area;
nymphs sometimes more numerous at Sutherland, Abraham, and Hinckley, Millard
County. (Davis, Knowlton, June 16). COLORADO - Vary 150-800 per 100 sweeps of
alfalfa in Arkansas Valley. (Burchett). WYOMING - Increasing in north-central
and northeastern areas. Adults and nymphs 75-800 per 100 sweeps of alfalfa in
Johnson, Campbell, Crook, Weston, Niobrara, and Converse Counties. (Parshall).
KANSAS - Ranged 7-18 per 10 sweeps in alfalfa in south-central and southeast
areas. (Simpson). MISSOURI - Adults and nymphs 150-200 per 10 sweeps of red
clover in northeast area. (Hanning). VIRGINIA - L. lineolaris adults 100 per

100 sweeps in Charlotte County field. (W.A. Allen). MICHIGAN - L. lineolaris and
Lygus spp. ranged 34-92 in 25 sweeps in Bay and Saginaw Counties June 13.
Buildup earlier than in 1968. (Newman). MASSACHUSETTS - Average number of L.
lineolaris per 100 sweeps of alfalfa June 10-12 by county: Berkshire 57 (ei
fields), Hampshire 17.8 (5 fields). (Miller).

PLANT BUGS - WASHINGTON - Leptopterna dolabrata and Capsus ater damage heavy in
timothy fields near Cle Elum, Kittitas County. (Retan).

THREE-CORNERED ALFALFA HOPPER (Spissistilus festinus) - ARIZONA - Average per 100
sweeps of alfalfa as follows: 90 at Casa Grande, Pinal County; 50 at San Simon,
Cochise County; 58 in Salt River Valley, Maricopa County. (Ariz. Coop. Sur.).

MEADOW SPITTLEBUG (Philaenus spumarius) - MINNESOTA - More numerous on alfalfa
than in 1968. Yellowed alfalfa Ieaves above spittle mass in some fields. Appears
restricted to east-central and southeast districts and eastern halves of central
and south-central districts. (Minn. Pest Rpt.).

GRASSHOPPERS (Melanoplus spp.) - MISSOURI - Nymphs, mainly first instar, ranged
100-200 per 10 Sweeps in Several alfalfa fields in northwest area. (Huggans).

GREEN CLOVERWORM (Plathypena scabra) - MICHIGAN - First moth collected in Lenawee
County blacklight trap June 9. (Newman). VIRGINIA - First larvae of season on
Charlotte County alfalfa. (W.A. Allen).

WESTERN FLOWER THRIPS (Frankliniella occidentalis) - ARIZONA - Ranged 3,000-5,000
per 100 sweeps of alfalfa at San Simon, Cochise County. (Ariz. Coop. Sur.).

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SOYBEANS

A GRAPE COLASPIS (Colaspis sp.) - ARKANSAS - Larvae damaging roots of young
plants in Craighead and Poinsett Counties. (Boyer, Barnes). First report of
damage to crop by this pest in several years. (Boyer).

MEXICAN BEAN BEETLE (Epilachna varivestis) - MARYLAND - Unusually abundant and
damaging on lower Eastern Shore. (Md. InS. Notes). GEORGIA - Increasing on soy-
beans in Tift County. (Todd).

BEAN LEAF BEETLE (Cerotoma trifurcata) - MINNESOTA - Light margin damage to soy-
beans appearing in Brown, Nicollet, and Redwood Counties. (Minn. Pest Rpt.). :
MARYLAND - Unusually abundant and damaging on lower Eastern Shore. (Md. Ins.
Notes).

FALSE CHINCH BUG (Nysius ericae) - GEORGIA - Heavy, 5-10 per soybean plant in
Tift County. (Todd).

THRIPS - MARYLAND - Heavy on soybeans with noticeable silvering of the leaves
throughout Dorchester, Wicomico, and Worcester Counties. (U. Md., Ent. Dept.).

COTTON

BOLL WEEVIL (Anthonomus grandis) - TEXAS - Averaged 50 (maximum 52) per acre in

3 of 4 untreated fields in McLennan and Falls Counties. Averaged 50 (maximum

575) per acre in 6 of 19 treated fields. Punctured squares averaged 3.7 percent
in 48 treated fields, ranged zero to 12.2 percent. In 5 untreated fields averaged
10.3 percent, ranged 2-17.2 percent. (Cowan et al.). For Boll Weevil in High
Plains area see page 479. LOUISIANA - Ranged 52-735 (average 222) per acre in 12
of 27 fields in Madison Parish. From 17 wing traps at 15 sites near hibernation
sites 8 weevils recovered; total to date 520. From 145 wing traps on isolated
island in Mississippi River, 23 weevils recovered; total to date 1,801. Recovered
5 weevils from 49 wing traps on isolated island and nearest cotton field in
Madison Parish; total to date 31. From 10 wing traps at 10 sites near hibernation
sites and checked daily, collected 6; total to date 129. Total weevils from all
wing traps to date 2,481. (Cleveland et al.). MISSISSIPPI - Overwintered weevils
moderate in cotton surveyed in Monroe County. Light in fields in Yazoo County,
Feeding punctures observed on 4 of 100 squares examined in one field. (Dinkins).
Found 1 weevil in 1 of 10 presquaring fields, 5 in 3 of 34 squaring fields in
delta counties. Punctured squares found in 11 of 34 fields; averaged 0.5 (maximum
2) percent. In 28 wing traps collected 5; total to date 243. (Pfrimmer et al.).
TENNESSEE - Present in most fields in western area that supported infestations in
1968. Weevils hard to find but feeding signs in terminals easily detected. (Locke).

ALABAMA - Punctured squares increased throughout south and central areas. In
Perry, Pickens, and Montgomery Counties cotton shows 1-3 good squares per stalk.
"Hatchout"' of first-generation weevils in this area will occur June 23 to July
15. Weevils in southern area increasing rapidly. Two farms in Wilcox County with
9-10 squares per stalk and blooming, 31 percent and 63 percent of squares
punctured. (Ledbetter). On 8 to 10-leaf cotton on 3 farms in Colbert County,
weevils averaged 50, 100, and 150 per acre. Earlier cotton on 1 farm with few
punctured squares, up to 3 percent. (Counts, Gann). Counts in Sand Mountain area
of Marshall County showed 23 per acre on 2 of 3 farms. (Murphy). Counts per acre
on 4 farms in Limestone County as follows: 50, 50, 50, and 100 each. (Pickens).
One weevil taken from 1 of 33 wing traps on farm in Limestone County. (Davis

et al.). GEORGIA - Percent punctured squares ranged 5-17 in Turner County, 0-20
in Tift County. (Canerday). Averaged 132 overwintered weevils per acre on
seedling cotton in Spalding County; 7 weevils collected from 3 wing traps June
16-18. (Beckham). SOUTH CAROLINA - Collected 1,564 weevils in 33 wing traps in
11 cotton fields; total 8,981 thru June 7. Collected 1,803 weevils, total

10,784 thru June 18 in Florence County. Emergence heavy and peaked. (Taft et al.).
Appearing in fields throughout State; some old cotton in squaring stage now with
up to 30 percent punctured squares. (Sparks, June 18).

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BOLLWORMS (Heliothis spp.) - TEXAS - Averaged 1.5 eggs, 0.3 larvae per 100
terminals in 66 treated fields; in 8 untreated fields eggs and larvae averaged 1
per 100 terminals in McLennan and Falls Counties. Nineteen larvae collected
previously on native hosts identified H. zea. Total to date from all hosts, 345
H. zea and 4 H. virescens. Twenty-five larvae collected previously on cotton,18
HH. zea and 7 H. virescens. (Cowan et al.). LOUISIANA - In 2 cotton fields in
Madison Parish, none in 1 and light in 1. Recovered 9 H. zea moths in blacklight
trap. (Cleveland et al.). ARKANSAS - Eggs, larvae, and damaged Squares ranged
zero to very low. Greatest activity in field in Pulaski County; 3 larvae found
in 100 terminals. (Boyer, Barnes). Moth activity increased in southeast area;
generally remains relatively low. Seven moths taken in trap June 12-16 compared
with one previous week. At Hope, Hempstead County, 6 moths taken June 12-16 compared
to 8 previous week. (Boyer). MISSISSIPPI - Injured squares in 23 of 34 fields in
delta counties. Average injury 1 (maximum 7) percent. Eggs in 8 fields, larvae
in 10. In 95 wing traps collected 197 H. zea; total to date 1,626. (Pfrimmer et
al.). Mixed populations of H. zea and H. virescens spotty in several fields in
Monroe County. About 3-4 third instars per 200 row feet in each of 12 fields
surveyed in Yazoo County. (Dinkins). GEORGIA - Eggs very light but increasing

in Tift and Turner Counties. (Canerday). SOUTH CAROLINA - Eggs and small larvae
numerous on young cotton. (Sparks, June 18). Collected 7 H. zea adults thru June
7 in blacklight trap in Florence County; 1 H. virescens and 8 H. zea collected
currently; total to date 227 H. zea, 1H. virescens. (Taft et al.)._

COTTON FLEAHOPPER (Pseudatomoscelis seriatus) - TEXAS - Averaged 4.4 per 100
terminals in 66 treated fields, 5.9 in 8 untreated fields in McLennan and Falis
Counties. Highest average counts per sweep: 19.3 in 13 fields of horsemint, 16.2
in 3 fields of croton. (Cowan et al.). Light in High Plains in Swisher, Yoakum,
Hockley, Lubbock, Hale, and Dawson Counties. (Almand, Clymer, June 17).

LOUISIANA - Ranged 1-11 (averaged 2.9) per 100 sweeps in 24 of 39 untreated cotton
fields in Madison Parish. (Cleveland et al.). MISSISSIPPI - Very low in 12 fields
in Yazoo County. Average’ of 1-2 per 200 feet. (Dinkins). ALABAMA - Light damage
to small squares in many young fields in Colbert and Madison Counties. (Counts

et al.).

TARNISHED PLANT BUG (Lygus lineolaris) - MISSISSIPPI - Averaged 157 per acre in
6 of 10 presquaring fields in delta counties. In 24 of 34 squaring fields, >
averaged 1 (maximum 5) per 100 terminals. In sex lure traps collected 17; total
to date 124. (Pfrimmer et al.). Increased in Yazoo County fields. Samples taken
in vacuum machine averaged 16 per 200 row feet in most fields sampled. (Dinkins).

COTTON APHID (Aphis gossypii) - TEXAS - Light in High Plains in Gaines, Howard,

and Terry Counties. Light to medium in Dawson and Cochran Counties; heavy in

some areas of Lynn and Bailey Counties. (Almand, Clymer, June 17). SOUTH CAROLINA -
Apparently decreasing. (Sparks, June 18).

SALT-MARSH CATERPILLAR (Estigmene acrea) - TENNESSEE - Causing some light damage
over cotton-growing area; unusual for this area. (Locke).

STALK BORER (Papaipema nebris) - TENNESSEE - Found in several cotton fields;
usually occurs later in Season. (Locke).

THRIPS - TEXAS - Lightsan High Plains in Gaines, Terry, Yoakum, Garza, Howard,
Dawson, and Bailey Counties. Medium in Swisher, Crosby, Lubbock, Hale, Briscoe,
and Cochran Counties; some treatment applied in parts of Cochran County. Light
to medium in Lynn County, medium to heavy in Hockley and Floyd Counties; some
control applied in Floyd County. (Almand, Clymer, June 17). MISSOURI - Spotty

in 332 of 501 fields scouted; about 8®@ acres treated. (Jones). TENNESSEE - Still
causing damage where controls not applied. (Locke).

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TOBACCO

TOBACCO FLEA BEETLE (Epitrix hirtipennis) - MARYLAND - Heavy throughout southern
area. Moderate to heavy feeding on lower leaves of all newly set plants in most

fields. (U. Md., Ent. Dept.). WISCONSIN - Some minor injury noted in Dane County
tobacco seedbeds. About 1 percent of plants show feeding. Mating underway. (Wis.
Ins. Sur.).

TOBACCO THRIPS (Frankliniella fusca) - VIRGINIA - Moderate in 2-acre field of set
tobacco. Some stunting of plants noticeable in Pittsylvania County. (Dominick).

APHIDS - GEORGIA - Heavy in many fields across tobacco belt. (Miles, Giradeau).
SUGARBEETS

SUGAR-BEET ROOT MAGGOT (Tetanops myopaeformis) - NORTH DAKOTA - Pupation nearly
complete in Walsh and Pembina Counties. Pupae averaged 13 per square foot in 1968
sugarbeet ground. Flies evident, 10 per 100 row feet in one 3 to 4-inch high beet
field in Pembina County. About 11,000 acres of beets being treated for adult
control. (Kaatz). WYOMING - Up to 3 larvae per plant in 2 fields in Washakie
County. Damage appearing with up to 50 percent of plants infested. Adults still
active. (Burkhardt, June 12).

A LYGUS BUG (Lygus sp.) - WASHINGTON - Causing more leaf distortion than usual
at Yakima, Yakima County. (Landis).

CLOVER LEAFHOPPER (Aceratagallia sanguinolenta) - COLORADO - Adult counts of 0-15
per 100 net sweeps in all fields checked in Arkansas Valley. (Burchett).

BEET WEBWORM (Loxostege sticticalis) - COLORADO - Larvae appearing in beet
fields; range 0-8 per 100 sweeps. (Burchett).

MISCELLANEOUS FIELD CROPS

WIREWORMS - MINNESOTA - Severely damaged sunflowers in Wilkin County. Stands
reduced and one 100-acre field destroyed. In sod or in soil bank program previous
year in all cases. (Minn. Pest Rpt.).

POTATOES, TOMATOES, PEPPERS

GREEN PEACH APHID (Myzus persicae) - NEW JERSEY - Building up on Gloucester
County eggplants. (Ins.-Dis. Newsltr.). DELAWARE - Scattered in pepper plantings
throughout State. (Boys, June 18). MARYLAND - First aphids of season, 1 plant in
50 with isolated colony; infested 1 acre of peppers near East New Market,
Dorchester County. (U. Md., Ent. Dept.).

BEANS AND PEAS

SEED-CORN MAGGOT (Hylemya platura) - NEW YORK - Unusually damaging on beans this
season. Probably resistant to chlorinated hydrocarbon insecticides used in
combination seed treatments. Wet season and deep planting of beans contributed

to 1969 problem but not sole cause. Problem-in.all bean fields in Monroe, Genesee,
Orleans, and Niagara Counties. (N.Y. Wkly. Rpt., June 16).

CUCURBITS

STRIPED CUCUMBER BEETLE (Acalymma vittatum) - DELAWARE - In cucumber and cantaloup
plantings in Kent and Sussex Counties. (Boys, June 18). COLORADO - Adults ranged
0-6 per cantaloup plant in Arkansas Valley. Controls recommended. (Burchett).

SEED-CORN MAGGOT (Hylemya platura) - NEW YORK - Unusually damaging this season.
Probably r@sistant to chlorinated hydrocarbon insecticides used in combination
seed treatments. Affecting cucumber and pickle plantings in Monroe, Genesee,
Orleans, and Niagara Counties. (N.Y. Wkly. Rpt., June 16).

- 472 -

MELON APHID (Aphis gossypii) - MARYLAND - First of season lightly infested 1 plant
in 20 on 10 acres of watermelons near Salisbury, Wicomico County. (U. Md., Ent.
Dept.).

GENERAL VEGETABLES

BLACK CUTWORM (Agrotis ipsilon) - OREGON - This and Peridroma saucia injured
table beets at Eugene, Lane County. Larv@e not abundant, but approaching economic
levels. (Crowell).

CABBAGE LOOPER (Trichoplusia ni) - ARIZONA - Damaging okra foliage at Yuma, Yuma
County. Treatments applied. (Ariz. Coop. Sur.).

ONION MAGGOT (Hylemya antiqua) - CALIFORNIA - Heavy in onion planting in Martinez,
Contra Costa County. (Cal. Coop. Rpt.).

THISTLE APHID (Brachycaudus cardui) - CALIFORNIA - Heavy on artichoke plants at
Arbuckle, Colusa County. (Cal. Coop. Rpt.).

ONION THRIPS (Thrips tabaci) - COLORADO - Light on small onions and increasing
rapidly on onions past 4-leaf stage. Ranged 1-25 per plant on larger onions.
(Burchett).

HAWAII INSECT REPORT

General Vegetables - CHINESE ROSE BEETLE (Adoretus sinicus) adults heavily damaged
small plantings Of peanut and okra at Puunene; heavy damage of up to 90 percent
of foliage on rose plants at Makawao, Maui. (Miyahira). BEAN FLY (Melanagromyza
phaseoli) larvae heavy on backyard planting of snap beans at Waipahu, Oahu. (Wong).

Fruits - RED WAX SCALE (Ceroplastes rubens) adults medium on mango trees at Kahu-
lui, Maui; many with 1-10 scales per leaf. Medium, 1-8 per leaf, on hedge of 125
Podocarpus sp. at Honolulu, Oahu, (Miyahira, Kawamura), BLACK CITRUS APHID (Toxop-
tera aurantii) nymphs and adults medium on citrus terminals at Makawao, Maui.
(Miyahira). A STINK BUG (Plautia stali) light on ripe litchi fruits at Makiki,
Oahu, Sac host record locally; previously reported only on beans, pomegranate, and
guava, (Au).:

Ornamentals and Other Plants - SOUTHERN GREEN STINK BUG (Nezara viridula) nymphs
Tight on Dendrobium orchids at Wailuku, Maui, Damage to 75 flowering plants gener-
ally light, but few plants with up to 50 percent bud drop. Damaged 80 percent of
spikes on 200 Dendrobium plants at Hawaii Kai, Oahu. (Miyahira, Kawamura). A PLA-

TASPID BUG (Coptosoma xanthogramma) light on bat-wing wiliwili, Erythrina vesper-
tilio, at Poipu, Kauai. Averaged 6 adults per growing tip. (Sugawa).

Weather continued from page 462.

TEMPERATURE: Balmy breezes and mild temperatures prevailed over much of the Nation
during most of the past week. Afternoon temperatures remained in the 70's and 80's
over much of the Country. One exception--parts of the central Great Plains where
Topeka registered only 62° on Tuesday. A heat wave drove afternoon maximums into
the 90's or higher in the Far West. Colville, Washington, registered 109° Monday
and Spokane, Washington, registered 109° Tuesday afternoon. While the hot spell
continued in the West, cooler weather moved into the northern Great Plains.
Dickinson, North Dakota, registered 47° at 2 p.m. Thursday, and the mercury

plunged to a chilly 30° at Fargo, North Dakota, Friday morning when frost occurred
over much of North Dakota and the northern half of South Dakota, Temperatures
averaged above normal in the Far Northwest and over the southern two-thirds of
Texas where maximums reached 100° or higher on 1 or more days and in Florida,
Temperatures averaged 6° to 9° below normal over the northern and central Great
Plains and the Great Lakes region. (Summary supplied by Environmental Data Service,
ESSA.)

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DECIDUOUS FRUITS AND NUTS

CODLING MOTH (Laspeyresia pomonella) - MARYLAND - Light this year. (Md. Ins.
Notes). NEW JERSEY - Caught 3 June 11-18 in baited jar in Gloucester County. (Ins.-
Dis. Newsltr.). CONNECTICUT - Some injury to unsprayed apple fruit at Storrs,
Tolland County, and New Haven, New Haven County. (Kollas, June 17). NEW YORK -
First entries in apples June 10 in Ulster County. Hatch began June 12 at Geneva,
Ontario County. (N.Y. Wkly. Rpt.). WISCONSIN - Six caught, 4 on night of June 18,
(Wis. Ins. Sur.). COLORADO - Adults in sex attractant traps in Mesa, Montrose,
Delta, and Garfield Counties. Ranged from 4 up to 130 per trap. First cover sprays
completed. (Bulla).

ORIENTAL FRUIT MOTH (Grapholitha molesta) - COLORADO - Second-brood flight peaked
June 10. Adults 109 per 5 traps, highest at Palisade, Mesa County. (Anderson,
Sisson). NEW JERSEY - Caught 36 June 11-18 in baited jar in Gloucester County.
(Ins.-Dis. Newsltr.).

PEACH TWIG BORER (Anarsia lineatella) - COLORADO - Larvae and adults active in
peach orchards on Western Slope. Sprays being completed. (Bulla). OREGON - First-
generation adults in bait traps at Salem, Marion County. (Larson).

A TENT CATERPILLAR (Malacosoma californicum lutescens) - NORTH DAKOTA - Larvae
500-600 per tree; defoliation 20-30 percent on apples at Portal, Burke County.
(McBride).

PLUM CURCULIO (Conotrachelus nenuphar) - OKLAHOMA - Heavy on Choctaw County plums.
(Okla. Coop. Sur.). MARYLAND - Light this year. (Md. Ins. Notes). CONNECTICUT -
Activity on apples appears over in some areas, but fresh feeding scars noted at
Storrs, Tolland County, and New Haven, New Haven County. (Kollas, June 17), RHODE
ISLAND - Adults active at Kingston, Washington County. (Mathewson, June 12),

APPLE APHID (Aphis pomi) - CONNECTICUT - Building up on apples in most areas,
Expected to be main problem in apple orchards next 2 weeks, (Kollas, June 17).

BLACK CHERRY APHID (Myzus cerasi) - UTAH - Remains very numerous on cherries in
Box Elder County. (Knowlton, Allred, June 19). Interfering with harvest in some
sweet cherry orchards. Unusually numerous in Salt Lake County home orchards,
(Burningham, June 19).

PEAR PSYLLA (Psylla pyricola) - NEW YORK - Resistance to phosphate materials
continues in Several new locations in Ulster County. (N.Y. Wkly. Rpt., June 16).

WHITE APPLE LEAFHOPPER (Typhlocyba pomaria) - MARYLAND - Problem on apples at
Smithsburg and Hagerstown, WaShington County. (Md. Ins. Notes).

SAN JOSE SCALE (Aspidiotus perniciosus) - WASHINGTON - First crawlers on apple
June 13 in commercial orchards. (Johnson, Allen).

TEPHRITID FLIES (Rhagoletis spp.) - NEW YORK - First R. cingulata captures in
emergence cages June 13 at Geneva, Ontario County. (N.Y. Wkly. Rpt.). NEW
JERSEY - Two. R. pomonella caught June 11-18 on 2 sticky boards in Gloucester
County. (Ins.-Dis. Newsltr.).

SPIDER MITES - UTAH - Tetranychus mcdanieli severely discolored apple and pear
foliage in 2 orchards at Hurricane, Washington County, and orchard at Santaquin,
Utah County. (Davis, Knowlton, June 16). COLORADO - T. urticae building up in few
apple orchards in Mesa and Delta Counties. Controls applied. (Bulla). MARYLAND -
Panonychus ulmi spotty but increases expected with hot weather. (Md. Ins#:Notes).
NEW HAMPSHIRE - P. ulmi increasing in orchards where controls inadequate. (Suther-
land).

ERIOPHYID MITES - CALIFORNIA - Eriophyes pyri medium on pear trees at Hanford, Kings
County, and on apple trees at Kentfield. Marin County. Showing up in local areas

- 474 -

more than in past years. (Cal. Coop. Rpt.). WASHINGTON - First visible rust by
Epitrimerus pyri on fruits June 9 on trees with light crop. Damage 25 percent at
Naches, Yakima County. (Johnson).

CITRUS

Citrus Insect Situation in Florida - Mid-June - CITRUS RUST MITE (Phyllocoptruta
Oleivora) infested 65 (norm 45) percent of groves; 44 (norm 26) percent economic.
Decreased but still in high range and above normal, Upward trend starting and
expected to continue through July. Heavy infestations will be more numerous than
average in most districts. Highest districts west, north, south, and central. East,
especially low, TEXAS CITRUS MITE (Eutetranychus banksi) infested 36 (norm 69)
percent of groves; 20 (norm 47), percent economic. At Lowest mid-June level in 10
years. Increase expected but will remain below normal. Highest district north.
CITRUS RED MITE (Panonychus citri) infested 46 (norm 63) percent of groves; 26
(norm 38) percent economic. Below normal; expected to continue near current moder-
ate level. GLOVER SCALE (Lepidosaphes gloverii) infested 84 (norm 86) percent of
groves; 16 (norm 30) percent economic, Entered high range but below normal.
Increase expected. Highest district south; others slightly lower. PURPLE SCALE

(L. beckii) infested 67 (norm 81) percent of groves; 6 (norm 11) percent economic,
Will remain subnormal and moderate. CHAFF SCALE (Parlatoria pergandii) infested 50
(norm 70) percent of groves; less than 1 (norm 15) percent economic. Will remain
below normal and low. YELLOW SCALE (Aonidiella citrina) infested 70 (norm 68) per-
cent of groves; 4 (norm 11) percent economic, Below normal and moderate; little
change expected, BLACK SCALE (Saissetia oleae) infested 62 (norm 69) percent of
groves; 36 (norm 49) percent economic. Reached high range; will continue current
upward trend. Statewide population not expected to exceed normal level. Wide vari-
ation among districts. An ARMORED SCALE (Unaspis citri) infested 18 percent of
groves; moderate to heavy in 4 percent, Increase expected, WHITEFLIES infested 74
percent of groves; 40 percent economic, Above normal and in high range; further
increase expected. MEALYBUGS infested 60 percent of groves; 27 percent economic,
Near normal level for June. Will increase further, enter high range in late June,
and remain high through July. (W.A, Simanton (Citrus Expt. Sta., Lake Alfred)).

CITRUS THRIPS (Scirtothrips citri) - ARIZONA - Heavy in citrus nurseries at Yuma,
Yuma County; treatments applied. (Ariz. Coop. Sur.).

BEET ARMYWORM (Spodoptera exigua) - ARIZONA - Treatments necessary in citrus seed-
beds at Yuma, Yuma County. (Ariz. Coop. Sur.).

SMALL FRUITS

BLACK VINE WEEVIL (Brachyrhinus sulcatus) - WASHINGTON - This species, B. rugosos-
triatus, and Peritelinus oregonus damaged 1.75 acres of strawberries at Stevenson,

Skamania County. (Shanks, June 13).

MEADOW SPITTLEBUG (Philaenus spumarius) - MINNESOTA - More numerous this year on
strawberries, Appears restricted to east-central and southeast districts and
eastern halves of central and south-central districts, (Minn, Pest Rpt.).

STRAWBERRY LEAF ROLLER (Ancylis comptana fragariae) - UTAH - Damage moderate in
Salt Lake County strawberry patches. urningham, Knowlton, June 19).

BLUEBERRY MAGGOT (Rhagoletis mendax) - NEW JERSEY - Moderate numbers of adults
appearing in many blueberry areas. First flies caught June 10, Catch in most
heavily infested field increased from 4 to 89 in 15 traps June 10-18. (Ins.-Dis.
Newsltr.).

ORNAMENTALS
ROSE CHAFER (Macrodactylus subspinosus) - IOWA - Damaging roses and peonies at

Maquoketa, Jackson County. owa Ins. Sur.). RHODE ISLAND - Adults abundant through-
out State. (Relli, Field, June 12).

- 475 -

FIR ENGRAVER (Scolytus ventralis) - WASHINGTON - Completely girdled some mugho
pines 18-24 inches above ground level at several residences in Yakima, Yakima
County. (Gregorick, June 13).

BAGWORM (Thyridopteryx ephemeraeformis) - ILLINOIS - Hatched; begun to feed in
central area. (Sur. Bull., June 17). MARYLAND - Newly hatched on evergreens in
several areas. (Md. Ins. Notes).

OYSTERSHELL SCALE (Lepidosaphes ulmi) - WYOMING - Crawlers emerging on lilac at
Newcastle, Weston County. (Parshall).

SPIDER MITES - MISSOURI - Starting to brown evergreens in central and northwestern
areas. (Craig). NEW JERSEY - Troublesome on many juniper specimens. (Ins.-Dis.
Newsltr.).

FOREST AND SHADE TREES

TORTRICID MOTHS (Choristoneura spp.) - PENNSYLVANIA - Noted for first time June 6,
Stripped several hundred acres of hemlock. Infestation borders U.S. Highway 209 at
Lehighton exit of northeast extension of Pennsylvania Turnpike in Carbon County.
Many trees completely stripped. About 25 percent pupation June 6; few moths June
12. (Pa. For. Pest-Rpt.). MICHIGAN - C. pinus larvae about one-half to three-
fourths grown; nests becoming noticeable. (Wallner, June 16). WISCONSIN - C. pinus
larvae declined due to parasites and predators in Douglas, Polk, Burnett, and
Bayfield Counties, (Wis. Ins. Sur.).

A GELECHIID MOTH (Exoteleia nepheos) - MICHIGAN - Adults and pupae collected in
Ingham County. Probably well distributed in State, Previous collections at Belle-
ville, Wayne County, and West Olive, Ottawa County. (Wallner, June 16).

CONIFER SAWFLIES (Neodiprion spp.) - VIRGINIA - N. pratti pratti reached highest
counts this spring Since low of 1962 after epidemic in Piedmont and Coastal Plain
in 1959-1961, Defoliation up to 20 percent in most areas. Defoliation heaviest,
20-75 percent, in western Henry and Patrick Counties. Incidence of parasites in
Henry County low in 1968. Exenterus canadensis (an ichneumon wasp) accounted for
18 percent of total parasitism, 30 percent or more in past years in Piedmont.
(For, Pest Sur. Rpt., May). MICHIGAN - N. sertifer larvae in southern Lower
Peninsula nearly full grown; many dropping to Soil to pupate. (Wallner, June 16).

SOUTHERN PINE BEETLE (Dendroctonus frontalis) - VIRGINIA - On occasional small
spots of up to 0.5 acre in size in Southampton, Surry, Gloucester, King William,
Charles City, and Hanover Counties. Three new spot infestations on Virginia and
shortleaf pines (0.3-0.5 acre) in Campbell County; single spot of 4 trees in
Mecklenburg County. (For. Pest Sur. Rpt., May).

PALES WEEVIL (Hylobius pales) - VIRGINIA - Damaged white pine in Bland, Virginia
pine in Henry, and loblolly pine (40 percent kill on one acre) in Halifax County.
(For. Pest Sur. Rpt., May ).

DOUGLAS-FIR TWIG WEEVIL (Cylindrocopturus furnissi) - WASHINGTON - Adults emerging
week of June 2 in Mason County. (Saunders).

PINE SPITTLEBUG (Aphrophora parallela) - VIRGINIA - Widespread on loblolly pine
throughout southeastern Coastal Plain Counties. (For. Pest Sur, Rpt., May).

AN OLETHREUTID MOTH (Pseudexentera improbana) - PENNSYLVANIA - One of heaviest
outbreaks in Clinton County and western Lycoming County; visible from State High-
way 44 north of Haneyville and State Highway 144 south of Renovo... Affected pre-
dominantly white oak and chestnut oak at higher elevations. Involved at least
200,000 acres; completely stripped majority of trees. Third year of heavy defolia-
tion in these areas, but much more widespread this year. Some trees died fall of
1968; heavy mortality expected later this summer. Similar infestations in Districts
7 and 19 collapsed this year, Active in Schuylkill County; 80 percent defoliation

= 476 -

on 200+ acres west of Morgantown, Lancaster County. (Pa. For. Pest Rpt., June).

GEOMETRID MOTHS - PENNSYLVANIA - First Erannis tiliaria infestations in State
since 1962 at several locations. Defoliated several thousand acres of oaks near
Cornwall on Lebanon and Lancaster County line; many completely stripped. Defolia-
tion 50-90 percent on several hundred acres near Pine Grove Furnace, Cumberland
County. Spotty in Fulton County. Heavier than normal on other trees over much of
State. Predicted heavy defoliation by Physostegania pustularia to red maple this
spring did not materialize. (Pa. For. Pest Rpt.). See CEIR 19(22) :385. MICHIGAN -
Half-grown Alsophila pometaria larvae caused partial defoliation of forest trees at
Shakey Lake Park, Menominee County; infested about 1,200 acres, (Hanna).

TENT CATERPILLAR MOTHS (Malacosoma spp.) - VIRGINIA - M. americanum widespread;
defoliation complete on Single trees in Henry and Roanoke Counties. (For. Pest
Sur. Rpt., May). OHIO - M. disstria larval feeding complete and pupation under-
way. Defoliation moderate to very heavy on about 5,000 trees in strip about 30
miles wide along Ohio River in Monroe and Belmont Counties. (Soine). MICHIGAN -
M. disstria not epidemic as previously anticipated. (Wallner, June 16). OREGON -
M. Californicum pluviale defoliation heavy on alder near Elsie, Clatsop County.
(Goeden) .

PINK-STRIPED OAKWORM (Anisota virginiensis) - WISCONSIN - Adults numerous on 500
acres of northern pin oaks June 12 in Douglas County; eggs plentiful on under-
sides of leaves. Spent and mating moths present. Trees defoliated in 1968 less
vigorous than trees not defoliated in 1968. (Wis. Ins. Sur.).

A TORTRICID MOTH (Croesia semipurpurana) - PENNSYLVANIA - Completely stripped
about 500 acres of Scarlet oaks in eaStern end of Clarks Valley, Dauphin County.
(Pa. For. Pest Rpt., June).

SADDLED PROMINENT (Heterocampa guttivitta) - PENNSYLVANIA - Adults emerged at
Tobyhanna State Park, Monroe County, and in northeastern Lycoming County first
week of June, Eggs will be laid soon, (Pa. For. Pest Rpt., June).

MIMOSA WEBWORM (Homadaula anisocentra) - OKLAHOMA - Moderate on mimosa in most
areas to very heavy in Some Sections of northwestern Oklahoma City, Oklahoma
County. (Okla. Coop. Sur.). MARYLAND - Beginning to infest mimosa in southern
sections, (Md. Ins. Notes). NEW JERSEY - Starting to build up on honeylocust.
(Ins,-Dis, Newsltr.).

CARPENTERWORM (Prionoxystus robiniae) - NEBRASKA - Adults emerging at Benkelman,
Dundy County. Severe larval damage to elms. (O'Dea, June 18).

A PIT SCALE (Asterolecanium minus) - PENNSYLVANIA - Some mortality and extensive
dieback to chestnut oak and white oak in several areas. Heavy along forest roads
in eastern and northeastern Centre, northwestern Union, southeastern Clinton,
Pike, and southern Lycoming Counties and in area east of Whipple Dam in Hunting-
don County. (Pa. For. Pest Rpt., June).

AN APHID (Periphyllus californiensis shinji) - NEW JERSEY - Heavy on leaves and
twigs of Japanese maple (Acer palmatum var. dissectum) at Trenton, Mercer County,
May 6, 1964, Collected by FN. Pagliaro, Determined by M.D. Leonard. This is a
new State record and first record on Japanese maple. Subsequently collected dur-
ing 1965 at Haddonfield, Camden County, in yellow water pan for new county record
as follows: 540 alatae May 9-12 and 15 alatae May 16-22, Also known to occur in
Pennsylvania, California, and Washington, (Leonard).

PERIODICAL CICADAS (Magicicada spp.) - VIRGINIA - M. septendecim severe in Carroll ~
County. Spotted in Russell and Henry Counties. (For. Pest Sur. Rpt., May). IOWA -
M. cassini adults of Brood IX of 17-year race collected in Marengo, Iowa County;
identified by T. Moore. Cast skins collected from Muscatine, Clinton, Jackson,

Linn, and Iowa Counties; adult from Johnson County June 19. (Iowa Ins. Sur.).

- 477 -

LOCUST LEAF MINER (Xenochalepus dorsalis) - TENNESSEE - Damage more noticeable in
central and eastern areas; foliage heavily mined in many areas. (Quiilin).
VIRGINIA - Locally severe in areas of Franklin, Roanoke, and Montgomery Counties.

(W.A. Allen).

SMALLER EUROPEAN ELM BARK BEETLE (Scolytus multistriatus) - WISCONSIN - Some
emergence noted in Racine County; conditions appear unfavorable, (Wis. Ins. Sur.).

MOUNTAIN-ASH SAWFLY (Pristiphora geniculata) - NEW HAMPSHIRE - Hatched June 9 at
Durham, Strafford County. Numbers appear Lower than in 1968, (Conklin).

AN ERIOPHYID MITE (Aceria neoessigi) - CALIFORNIA - Heavy on twigs and fruits of
cottonwood trees at Barstow, San Bernardino County. Cottonwood is important shade
tree in this desert area, (Cal. Coop. Rpt.).

MAN AND ANIMALS

SCREW-WORM (Cochliomyia hominivorax) - Total of 13 cases reported in U.S. June
15-21 as follows: TEXAS - Bee 2, Brewster 1, Kerr 1, Medina 1, Starr 1; NEW
MEXICO - Grant 3; ARIZONA - Cochise 2, Graham 1, Santa Cruz 1. Total of 249 cases
reported in portion of Barrier Zone in Republic of Mexico June 8-14 as follows:
Sonora 121, Chihuahua 86, Coahuila 16, Nuevo Leon 12, Tamaulipas 14, Total of 8
cases reported in Mexico south of Barrier Zone, Barrier Zone is area where erad-
ication operation underway to prevent establishment of self-sustaining population
in U.S. Sterile screw-worm flies released: Texas 67,928,000; New Mexico 4,480,000;
Arizona 11,320,000; California 800,000; Mexico 80,028,000. (Anim. Health Div.).

FACE FLY (Musca autumnalis) - MARYLAND - Heavy on cattle, 2-125 per head, in
Frederick, Howard, Montgomery, Harford, and Baltimore Counties, (U. Md., Ent.
Dept.). ILLINOIS - Average per head by district: West-southwest 11.4, west 4.9,
and southeast 4.5. (Ill. Ins. Rpt.). MISSOURI - Ranged 6-55 (averaged 27) on
untreated 30-cow herd in northwestern area; ranged 4-32 (averaged 15) on calves.
(Munson). NORTH DAKOTA - Adults averaged 20-25 per face on untreated range cattle
in Ransom and Richland Counties. (McBride). UTAH - Annoyed Weber County horses.
(Knowlton, June 19).

HOUSE FLY (Musca domestica) - NEBRASKA - Activity increasing in feedlots in
Lancaster and Saunders Counties. (Campbell).

HORN FLY (Haematobia irritans) - ILLINOIS - Average per head by district: South-
east 267.4, west 34.5, and west-southwest 71.3. (I11. Ins. Rpt.). MISSISSIPPI -
About 100-300 adults per head on 25 untreated cattle in Yazoo County. (Dinkins) .
OKLAHOMA - Averaged 200 per head on cattle dipped 2 weeks ago in Cherokee County.
(Okla. Coop. Sur.). KANSAS - Ranged 75-250 per head in Marion and Harvey Counties.
(Simpson). NEBRASKA - Ranged 25-50 per side on 7 range herds in Keith County.
(Campbell, Raun, June 18). WYOMING - Ranged 5-175 (averaged 40) per head on 4
herds in Johnson and Crook Counties. (Parshall). NORTH DAKOTA - Adults ranged 50-
200 (average 120) per head on untreated range cattle in McKenzie County. Counts
of 3,000 per bull on some. Counts of 200 per head in sandhills area in Richland
and Ransom Counties. Up to 15 per head on treated herds. Treatments being applied
to 10,000 head of range cattle in sandhills area in Richland and Ransom Counties.
(Brandvik, McBride).

STABLE FLY (Stomoxys calcitrans) - ILLINOIS - Average per head by district: West-
southwest 8.3, Southeast 3.9, and west 0.8. (111. Ins. Rpt.). NEBRASKA j#, Ranged
7-10 per leg on 3 dairy herds near Lincoln, Lancaster County. Ranged 7-10 per leg
on 3 feedlot herds in Lancaster and Saunders Counties. (Campbell).

MOSQUITOES - NEVADA - Aedes dorsalis adults heavy near Lages Station, White Pine
County. (Peters). Culex tarsalis larvae and adults numerous and widespread in

Douglas County. (Munk). UTAH - Very numerous and annoying at Deseret, Delta, and
Abraham, Millard County. (Knowlton, Davis, June 16). Unusually annoying at Logan
and Lewiston, Cache County. (Knowlton, June 16). IOWA - In light traps June 5-11

- 478 -

at Ames, Story County: Aedes vexans 13, Culex pipiens 19, C. restuans 9, C. tar-
salis 10, and Culiseta inornata 16. Identified by W. Rowley. (Iowa Ins. Sur.).
MINNESOTA - Larvae very low in Minneapolis and St. Paul area week ending June 13,
Trap collections low, 506 females in 16 traps. Cool weather restricted activity.
Bite collections in dense vegetation revealed variety of single-brooded species

in moderate numbers. Areas with concentrations of adults treated, Mansonia pertur-
bans adults increasing in daytime bite collections and trap collections at Bethel.
Apparently overwintered in moderate to high numbers in cattail and sedge swamps

in northern areas. (Minn, Pest Rpt.).

A MAMMAL CHEWING LOUSE (Tricholipeurus virginianus) - OKLAHOMA - Heavier than
normal on deer checked in Cherokee County. Averaged about 1 per square inch,
(Okla. Coop. Sur.).

A LOUSE FLY (Lipoptena mazamae) - OKLAHOMA - Light numbers of adults noted active
on deer in Cherokee County. (Okla. Coop. Sur.).

LONE STAR TICK (Amblyomma americanum) - OKLAHOMA - Adults averaged 20 per 6-
square-inch area on Cherokee County cattle. High enough on Cherokee County deer to
kill fawns in some cases. Common, mostly nymphs, in recreational areas in McCurtain
County. (Okla. Coop. Sur.).

BROWN RECLUSE SPIDER (Loxosceles reclusa) - ALABAMA - Two specimens collected from
home in Cleburne County. (Farrington). This is a new county record. (PPC).

HOUSEHOLDS AND STRUCTURES

A POWDER-POST TERMITE (Cryptotermes brevis) - ALABAMA - In furniture in home in
Mobile County for a new county record. Determined by F, Lechleitner. (Pelham et
al.).

STORED PRODUCTS

RUSTY GRAIN BEETLE (Cryptolestes ferrugineus) - CALIFORNIA - Larvae and adults
medium; feeding on Tepe Of marijuana in County Clerks office in Santa Barbara
County. (Cal. Coop. Rpt.).

BENEFICIAL INSECTS

LADY BEETLES - WYOMING - Adults and larvae 9-60 per 100 sweeps of alfalfa in
north-central and northeastern areas. (Parshall), OKLAHOMA - Larvae and adults,
mainly Hippodamia convergens, 0.1-3.0 per aphid-infested sorghum plant in Jackson
and Tillman Counties. Averaged 7 per 10 sweeps of Tillman County alfalfa. (Okla.
Coop. Sur.).

A KLAMATH-WEED BEETLE (Chrysolina gemellata) - CALIFORNIA - Adults heavy on Kla-
math-weed in Sierra footh S area, Beetles moving into areas where absent for
past few years. (Cal. Coop. Rpt.).

A FLEA BEETLE (Altica carduorum) - COLORADO - Adults released on Canada thistle
at higher altitudes in northwestern and western areas. (Anderson, Sisson).

HETEROPTEROUS PREDATORS - ARKANSAS - Orius insidiosus adults and nymphs numerous
on soybeans and cotton; higher on soybeans than in cotton, Geocoris punctipes eggs
and adults numerous on cotton and soybeans, Nymphs few; should increase. Nabis
spp. generally higher than normal on cotton and soybeans, (Boyer, Barnes).
WYOMING - Nabis spp. adults and nymphs 6-40 per 100 sweeps of alfalfa in north-
central and northeastern areas. (Parshall).

ALKALI BEE (Nomia melanderi) - WASHINGTON - First males began emerging in some
nest sites at Touchet, Walla Walla County; Heterostylum robustum (a bee fly)
first noted in numbers June 3. (Johansen, Eves).

- 479 -

A LEAFCUTTING BEE (Megachile rotundata) - WASHINGTON - First males began emerging
about May 29 from nest boards held outdoors through winter at Touchet, Walla Walla
County. (Johansen).

A PHYTOSEIID MITE (Typhlodromus occidentalis) - COLORADO - Only in few orchards
on Western Slope, low levels found to June 10 (except in one orchard). (Bulla).

FEDERAL AND STATE PLANT PROTECTION PROGRAMS

BOLL WEEVIL (Anthonomus grandis) - TEXAS - Overwintered weevils in High Plains
noted in 3 fields in Kent County past weeks. Not detected in field in Dickens
County as of June 17, Overwintered weevils detected in traps in 2 fields in north-
west part of Borden County above Caprock., This area extensively surveyed and no
weevils detected in fields to June 17. (Almand, Clymer). For Boll Weevil in other
areas see page 469,

CEREAL LEAF BEETLE (Oulema melanopus) - NEW YORK - Adults on oats on farms for

new county records. By W.M. Puchaez June 11 at Darien, Genesee County, and June 17
in Rush Township, Monroe County. By D. Huffman June 13 in Bennington Township,
Wyoming County, and June 18 in Richmond Towhship, Ontario County. PENNSYLVANIA -
On oats for new county records, By J.P, Lilley, adults June 9 in Canton Township,
Bradford County, larvae June 17 in Northumberland Township, Wyoming County, and
larvae June 19 in Union Township, Berks County. Larvae by L.R, Pealer June 10 in
North Newton Township, Cumberland County, Fayette Township, Juniata County,
Liverpool Township, Perry County; June 13 in Madison Township, Columbia County,
and Hegins Township, Schuylkill County; and larvae June 19 in West Fallowfield
Township, Chester County. By P. Sonelbaker June 11, larvae in Fairview Township,
York County. By B. Steck June 12, larvae at Letterkenny, Franklin County. By

A.A. Schub June 12, adults in Susquehanna County. By M.C. Jones June 13, larvae at
McConnellsburg, Fulton County. WEST VIRGINIA - Light on oats on farms for new
county records. By Grimm and Mullenex June 6, adults in Pendleton County and lar-
vae in Barbour County; and June 16, adults in Randolph County, larvae in Grant,
Mineral, and Upshur Counties and adults and larvae at St. George, Tucker County.
By Brinker and Barton June 16, adults and larvae at Flatwoods, Braxton County,

and larvae at Gilboa, Nicholas County. By A,E, Tuston June 16, adults at Colfax,
Marion County. By D, Sisson and L. Sisson June 17, larvae at Charleston, Kanawha
County, and at Wayne, Wayne County. By M.A. Saucier and V.E, Bostic June 20, lar-
vae at Renick, Greenbrier County,. KENTUCKY - Larvae light on oats on farms for new
county records. By D. Moses June 9 at Hazel Green, Wolfe County. By T.S. Smith
June 9 in Marion County. By W.J. Luckwitz June 9 at Manchester, Clay County. By
J.H. Milner June 11 at Boston, Nelson County. By J.R. Eibling June 12 at Bonnie-
ville, Hart County. ILLINOIS - Larvae light on oats on farm in Piatt County for
new county record. Collected by Osborne June 10, INDIANA - Larvae in Knox and
Sullivan Counties for new county records. Collected by D.E. Kuhn June 3, All

above records determined by R.E, White. (PPC).

Cereal leaf beetle larvae in Indiana peaked at New Carlisle; pupation just begin-
ning. Oviposition declining, should be complete by June 25, Larvae averaged 3 per
stem on untreated oats in area, Adult lady beetle populations, mostly Coleomegilla
maculata, doubled on oats June 9-13; averaged 2-3 per 100 row feet at New Car-
lisle, First lady beetle larvae of season on oats June 11. (Huber). MICHIGAN -
Economically important for first time in Monroe County. (Janes, June 16).

EUROPEAN CHAFER (Amphimallon majalis) - OHIO - Adults flying about trees June 16
at Cleveland, Cuyahoga County. Larvae and pupae in soil beneath these trees.
(Tighe) . MASSACHUSETTS - Adults light on grass at Ludlow, Hampden County, for a
new county record. Collected by W.B. Rose June 19. Determined by R.D., Gordon.
(PPC) .

GRASS BUGS - UTAH - Labops hesperius medium at Sheep Creek, light at Blue Fly,
very light at Pines an ameron Wash, Garfield County. Heavy at Goat Ranch and.

_ Riddle Swale; light at Upper Valley. (Thomson, June 19). Heavy on 1,000 acres in
Wanrhodes Creek area of Diamond Creek, Utah County. (Thornley, Knowlton, June 19).

- 480 -

GRASSHOPPERS - WASHINGTON - Nymphs averaged 6-7 per square yard over several
thousand acres in Dalles Mountain area 20 miles southwest of Goldendale, Klickitat
County. Melanoplus bivittatus, M. Sanguinipes, M. packardii present, (Nonini,

June 13). M. Sanguinipes, Oedaleonotus enigma, Aulocara elliotti, and Amphitornus
coloradus nymphs 12-14 per square yard, 5 percent adults on Tange south of Center-
ville, Klickitat County. (Nonini, Nishimura) , Much damage to leaves on 500 acres
of peppermint near Longview, Cowlitz County. (Shanks). UTAH - Very numerous south
of Levan, Juab County. Sprayed 3,860 acres west of Utah Lake, Utah County. Numer-
ous in south Hansel Valley, Box Elder County, and south of Fountain Green, San-
pete County. (Thornley, Knowlton, June 16). Serious on 1,000 acres in Freedom and
Fountain Green area of Sanpete County; mostly on cropland, Hansel Vally infesta-
tion in Box Elder County covers about 1,500 acres. Control excellent on .3,850
acres sprayed in Utah County west of Utah Lake; part sprayed twice. Generally very
light in Curlew Valley area of Box Elder County. (Thornley, Knowlton, June 19),
WYOMING - Did not exceed 20 per square yard in most areas of Goshen, Platte,
Niobrara, Converse, Natrona, Johnson, and Hot Springs Counties. (Patch). COLORADO -
First to’ third instars of M. femurrubrum, M. bivittatus, M. angustipennis, Hes-
perotettix Speciosus, Orphulella pelidna, and other Species appearing throughout
eastern area. Ranged 0-15 (average 2-5) per square yard. (Johnson), KANSAS -

Small nymphs averaged 8-35 per 10 sweeps of alfalfa in Chautauqua County.
(Simpson). SOUTH DAKOTA - Counts per square yard near Hot Springs airport, Fall
River County: 30 in margins, 7 in fields; 50 percent M. bivittatus third instar
through 10 percent adult; 40 percent M. differentialis “second through fifth in-
star, Averaged 10 per square yard in Toadsides and field margins near Holy Rosary
Mission, Shannon County; M. femurrubrum first to second instars, M. bivittatus
first through third instar. (Burge, Zimmerman) .‘ MINNESOTA - “Hatch “of early spe-
cies completed on lighter soils in central and east-central districts, underway in
heavier soils in southern area. High, 10-20 per square yard on grassy alfalfa in
Sherburne and Isanti Counties. M. packardii predominant in most fields; 80 percent
adults. M. bivittatus and M. sanguinipes ight and in third and fourth instars,

M. femurrubrum eggs in eyespot to fully formed; hatched in some fields with light
ground cover. Soybean field in Sherburne County had margin damage extending 2 rods
into field, Heavy leaf feeding damage (20 percent) by grasshoppers, averaging 10
per square yard, and gray blister beetle, averaging 8 per row foot. (Minn, Pest
Rpt.).

GYPSY MOTH (Porthetria dispar) - NEW YORK - Heavy infestation on Red Creek Road,
Hampton Bays in Suffolk County. (N.Y. Wkly. Rpt., June 16).

JAPANESE BEETLE (Popillia ja onica) - SOUTH CAROLINA - First reported on June 14,
and feeding damage heavy June 16 in Ebenezer community, Oconee County. (Nettles).
VIRGINIA - Locally severe on new foliage of pyracantha and medium on field corn.
in Franklin County. (W.A, Allen). First emergence on sassafras June 18 at Damas-
cus, Washington County. (Fulk). RHODE ISLAND - First adults at Kingston, Washing-
ton County. (Mathewson, June 11). OHIO - First adult activity of year June 16 at
Columbus, Franklin County. (Shepard) .

MORMON CRICKET (Anabrus simplex) - NEVADA - Generally infested 20,000-25,000 acres
of rangeland in Rocky Canyon and Cow Creek areas of Seven Troughs Range, "Rosebud
Canyon area in Kamma Mountains, and Majuba Canyon area of Majuba Mountain in
Pershing County. Good potential for buildup. (Heringer).

SOYBEAN CYST NEMATODE (Heterodera glycines) - MISSISSIPPI - Cysts on farm at Fort
Adams, Wilkinson County, for a new county record. Collected by R.E, Smith June
16, Determined by V.H. Owens. (PPC),

WHITE-FRINGED BEETLES (Graphognathus spp.) - GEORGIA - Larvae damaging roots of
tomato plants in Harris County. alter).

= 481 -

INSECT DETECTION

New State Record ~- An APHID (Periphyllus californiensis shinji) New Jersey: Mercer
County. (p. 476).

New County Records - ALFALFA PLANT BUG (Adelphocoris lineolatus) Missouri:
Crawford G. 467). Iowa: ALFALFA WEEVIL (Hypera postica) Davis, Henry, Jefferson,
and Wapello (p. 467). An APHID (Periphyllus californiensis shinji) New Jersey:
Camden (p. 476). BROWN RECLUSE SPIDER (Loxosceles reclusa) Alabama: Cleburne

(p. 478). CEREAL LEAF BEETLE (Oulema melanopus) Illinois: Piatt; Indiana:

Knox, Sullivan; Kentucky: Clay, Hart, Marion, Nelson, Wolfe; New York: Genesee,
Monroe, Ontario, Wyoming; Pennsylvania: Berks, Bradford, Chester, Columbia,
Cumberland, Fulton, Franklin, Juniata, Perry, Schuylkill, Susquehanna, Wyoming};
York; West Virginia: Barbour, Braxton, Greenbrier, Grant, Kanawha, Marion,Mineral,
Nicholas, Pendleton, Randolph, Tucker, Upshur, Wayne (p. 479). EUROPEAN CHAFER
(Amphimallon majalis) Massachusetts: Hampden (p. 479). A POWDER-POST TERMITE
(Cryptotermes brevis) Alabama: Mobile (p. 478). SOYBEAN CYST NEMATODE (Heterodera
glycineS) MiSsiSSippi: Wilkinson (p. 480). SPOTTED ALFALFA APHID (Therioaphis
maculata) Wyoming: Campbell, Crook, Niobrara (p. 464).

LIGHT TRAP COLLECTIONS

FLORIDA - Gainesville, 6/13-19, BL - Corn earworm (Heliothis zea) 9, granulate
cutworm (Feltia subterranea) 53, salt-marsh caterpillar (EStigmene acrea) 1,
tobacco hornworm (Manduca sexta) 1, yellow-striped armyworm (Prodenia ornithogalli)
5. Monticello, 6/12-18, 2BL - Armyworm (Pseudaletia unipuncta) 7, black cutworm
(Agrotis ipsilon) 26, cabbage looper (Trichoplusia ni) 28, Corn earworm 3, fall
armyworm (Spodoptera frugiperda) 6, granulate cutworm 65, salt-marsh caterpillar
1, tobacco budworm (H. virescens) 10, tobacco hornworm 5, variegated cutworm
(Peridroma saucia) 12, yellow-striped armyworm 40. KANSAS - Powhattan, 6/17-18,
BL - Army cutworm (Chorizagrotis auxiliaris) 6, armyworm 12, black cutworm 10,
European corn borer (Ostrinia nubilalis) 16, wheat head armyworm (Faronta diffusa)
3. Wolcott, 6/16-17, BL - Army cutworm 2, armyworm 2, black GuitWwO rimg> han ian
MISSISSIPPI - Stoneville, 6/14-20, 2BL, 59-96 F., precip. 4.80 - Armyworm 50,

beet armyworm (Spodoptera exigua) 2, black cutworm 11, corn earworm 178, fall
armyworm 4, granulate cutworm 4, salt-marsh caterpillar 26, tobacco budworm 2,
variegated cutworm 26, yellow-striped armyworm 102. MISSOURI - Fair Grove,

6/10-18 - Armyworm 170, black cutworm 6, corn earworm 1, European corn borer 11,
variegated cutworm 8, yellow-striped armyworm 5. NEW JERSEY - Aura, 6/11-18,

BL - Corn earworm 2, European corn borer 1, yellow-striped armyworm 3. Cedarville,
6/11-18, BL - Black cutworm 1, corn earworm 1, variegated cutworm 1. Evesboro,
6/11-18, BL - European corn borer 2. Plainsboro, 6/11-18, BL - Armyworm 1, black
cutworm 2. OHIO - Wooster, 6/13-19, BL - Armyworm 32, black cutworm 5, European
corn borer 51, variegated cutworm 2, wheat head armyworm 34. TEXAS - Waco, 6/14-
20, 70-94°F., precip. 0.07 - Armyworm 5, beet armyworm 14, black cutworm 1,
cabbage looper 13, corn earworm 27, granulate cutworm 30, salt-marsh caterpillar
1, tobacco budworm 2, variegated cutworm 4, yellow-striped armyworm 22.

WISCONSIN - Madison, 6/12-18, BL - Armyworm 5, black cutworm 4, European corn
borer 12. ‘

CORRECTIONS

CEIR 19(25):458 - EUROPEAN PINE SHOOT MOTH (Rhyacionia bouliana) should read
(Rhyacionia buoliana).

482

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TECHNIQUES TO DETERMINE LOSSES
Selected References 1950-1957*

Part IV

Additional copies of Parts I through IV of this bibliography are available from
Survey and Detection Operations. ;

References

AGRICULTURAL RESEARCH SERVICE. 1954. Losses in agriculture--a preliminary
appraisal for review. U. S. Dept. Agr. ARS-20-1, 190 pp.

BARNES, O, L. and COAUTHORS, 1953. Tests of insecticides for grasshopper con-
trol--1950, 1951, and 1952, U. S. Bur. Ent. and Plant Quar. E-860, 18 pp. Includes
techniques on page 3

BASU, A. C, and BANERJEE, S. N, 1957. Study on the assessment of damage done by
Hispa armigera Ol. to paddy crop. Indian J. Agr. Sci. 27(3) :295-301

BECK, E, W. 1950. Estimates of damage by the European corn borer to field corn
in the United States in 1949, U. S. Bur. Ent. and Plant Quar. Insect Pest Survey
Spec. Sup. 1950(2), 3 pp.

Ostrinia nubilalis

BLICKENSTAFF, C, C, 1957. The nature of damage to field corn by the corn ear-
worm, Heliothis zea (Boddie), and the fall armyworm, Laphygma frugiperda (A. and
S.). Iowa State Coll. J. Sci. 32(2) :133-135

BREAKEY, E. P, and DAILEY, E, F,, JR, 1956. A method for identifying cyclamen
mite damage on northwest variety strawberry plants. Wash. State Col. Ext. Serv.
Cir. 261, 4 pp.

CHAMBERLIN, F, S, 1956. A method of insect damage determination on shade-
grown tobacco. U. S. Dept. Agr. Coop. Econ. Ins. Rpt. 6(49) :1104

COLBERG, W. J. 1957. Damage from barley thrips. Nowest. Crop Impr. Assoc, Ext.
Conf. Rpt., pp. 19-20

COON, B. F. 1951. Japanese beetle damage in field corn, Pa. Agr. Expt. Sta.
Prog. Rpt. 55, 7 pp.

Popillia japonica
DECKER, G, C, 1954. A century of insect losses. Agr. Chem. 9(8) :40-41.

DECKER, G, C, 1955. Wanted--an evaluation of insects losses. J. Econ, Ent.
48 (2) : 226-227,

DITMAN, L, P, and DITMAN, J, L. 1957. An apparatus for measuring corn earworm
injury to sweet corn. J. Econ. Ent. 50(3) :371-372
Heliothis zea

HAEUSSLER, G, J. 1952.. Losses caused by insects. U. S. Dept. Agr. Yearbook
1952:141-146

*Additional citations for 1959 and 1968 are included at the end of this list.

- 483 -:

- 484 -

HILLS, O, A, and TAYLOR, E, A, 1950. Lygus damage to sugar beet seed in
various stages of development. Amer. Soc. Sugar Beet Technol. Proc. 6:481-487

JUDENKO, E,, JOHNSON, C, G, and TAYLOR, L, R, 1952. The effect of Aphis fabae
Scop. on the growth and yield of field beans in a garden plot. Plant Pathol.
1 (2) :60-63

MCKINLAY, K, S, and GEERING, Q. A. 1957. Studies of crop loss following insect
attack on cotton in East Africa, I.--Experiments in Uganda and Tanganyika. Bul.
Ent. Res. 48(4) :833-849

PRADHAN, S. and PRASAD, S. K, 1955. Correlation between the degree of damage
due to Chilo zonellus Swin. and the yield of jowar grain. Indian J. Ent. 17(1):
136-137

STRICKLAND, A, H, 1951. The assessment of insect populations in relation to
crop losses. Internatl. Cong. Ent. Trans. 9(1) :611-618

STRICKLAND, A. H, 1954, The assessment of insect pest density in relation to
crop losses. Commonwealth Ent. Conf. Rpt. 6:78-83

WILBUR, D, A, 1957. Pre-harvest kernel injury just exactly resembles bug
damage. Grain and Feed J. 114(8) :39-40

OR Ok Ok Ok Ok Ok Ok Rk Rk Ok kk OK Ok Ok
ADDITIONAL REFERENCES 1959 AND 1968

HARRIS, H. M. 1959. Insect losses - a project of the committee on agricultural
pests of the Agricultural Board, NAS-NRC. Ent. Soc. Amer. No. Cent. Br. Proc.
14:70-71

KANIA, C, and SEKULA, J, 1959, Estimates of losses in yield of corn due to
European corn borer (Pyrausta nubilalis Hbn., Lep., Pyralidae). Polskie Pismo

Ent. Ser. B. 3/4(15/16) :139-146, In Pol., Engl. Sun.

KOUSKOLEKAS, C, and DECKER, G, C, 1968. A quantitative evaluation of factors
affecting alfalfa yield reduction caused by the potato leafhopper attack. J.
Econ, Ent. 61(4) :921-927

MATHES, R,, CHARPENTIER, L, J, and MCCORMICK, W. J, 1959. Losses caused by the
sugarcane borer in Louisiana, Internatl. Socg Sugar Cane Technol. Proc. Cong. 10:
919-921

MCMILLIAN, W,. W., WIDSTROM, N, W, and STARKS, K, J, 1968. Rice weevil damage
as affected by husk treatment within methods of artificially infesting field corn
pilots. J. Econ, Ent. 61(4) :918-921

MISTRIC, W. J,, JR. and COVINGTON, B, M, 1968. Effects of square removal on
cotton production with reference to boll weevil damage. J. Econ, Ent. 61(4) :1060-
1067

U.S. Dept. Agr.
Prepared in Plant Pest Coop. Econ. Ins. Rpt.
Control Division 19 (26) : 483-484, 1969

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