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BEL SiE@MEC| IPCCIICGUS655c006060d0000000 18 DTOCULOMNs duocauocoon oo ODDO OOK OODD DDO FOOOODOCODS aileited clre/iaaes sutloneuoheeueis ollet execs terretekone ten eNen 18 ibslednte Wea COMLACELOMS acogobcoop0odon DDD DU HODOdGUODDO0DDD0ODR> CUNT Menaronetenere aiaice ereneuehsnlee, Hawanelnsecit Re pOimterercisilcnchcinicteielcl si encleniclelelelelcMerelel Ne lolele)eltellsli-\reh Mellel Mek el ck oneke 3 ctaeeeone IL) Grasshopper Adult Survey - Fall 1970 (map) centerfold. Weather oi the WEGkococcocccdcdndogub ooo DooebDDUDDoN ODO 0000505000 Sooo D00 000 ..20 NATIONAL WEATHER SERVICE'S 30-DAY OUTLOOK JANUARY 1971 The National Weather Service's 30-day outlook for January calls for temperatures to average below seasonal normals over the eastern two-thirds of the Nation as well as in the central intermountain region. Above normal temperatures are indi- cated for the Pacific Northwest and the central Pacific coast. In unspecified areaS near normal temperatures are in prospect. Precipitation is expected to exceed normal over the Atlantic and Gulf Coast States, the southern Plains, and the north Pacific coast. Subnormal totals are indicated for the Great Basin and in the area from the northern Plains through the upper Great Lakes, Elsewhere near normal amounts are in prospect. Weather forecast given here is based on the official 30-day "Resume and Outlook" published twice a month by the National Weather Service. You can subscribe through the Superintendent of Documents, Washington, D.C, 20250. Price $5.00 a year. Stes es SPECIAL INSECTS OF REGIONAL SIGNIFICANCE GREENBUG (Schizaphis graminum) - OKLAHOMA - Averaged 2 per linear foot of wheat in Mayes County. Moderate in wheat in Cotton County. (Okla. Coop. Sur.). KANSAS - Light in wheat surveyed in southeast, south-central, and southwest crop districts. Up to 78 per row foot in Kingman County. Counts per row foot ranged as follows by county: Linn, none (2 fields); Bourbon, 0-10.7; Neosho, 8-17 (2 fields); Cowley, 1-3.3; Barber, 2.7-10.7; Comanche, 0.7-15; Kiowa, 0-2; Pratt, 0.3-3.7; Kingman, 0-7.8 (3 fields); Harper, 0.7-8.7 (5 fields); Sumner, 0.3-8.3 (2 fields); Clark, 0.3-7; Meade, 0-0.7; Ford, 0-3 (3 fields). (Redding, Iselin). ARKANSAS - Counts very light, only occasional specimen in northwest area small grain. (Boyer). CORN LEAF APHID (Rhopalosiphum maidis) - KANSAS - Light in wheat surveyed in southeast, south-central, and southwest crop districts. Up to 18.7 per row foot in Kingman County. Counts per row foot ranged as follows by county: Linn, none (2 fields); Bourbon, 0-7; Neosho, 2.7-3 (2 fields); Cowley, 0-2; Barber, 0-3.3; Comanche, 1-2.3; Kiowa, none; Pratt, 0.7-3.7 (3 fields); Kingman, 0-7.8; Harper, 0.7-8.7 (5 fields); Sumner, 0.3-8.3 (2 fields); Clark, 0.3-7; Meade, 0-0.7; Ford, 0-3 (3 fields). (Redding, Iselin). SMALL GRAINS APPLE GRAIN APHID (Rhopalosiphum fitchii) - KANSAS - Light in wheat surveyed in southeast, south-central, and Southwest crop districts. Up to 20 per row foot in fields surveyed in Kingman County. Counts per row foot ranged as follows by county: Linn, none (2 fields); Bourbon, none; Neosho, 0.4-1.7 (2 fields) ; Cowley, none; Barber, O-6.7; Comanche, O-0.7; Kiowa, O-1; Pratt, O-3.3; Kingman, 0-20 (3 fields); Harper, O-1 (5 fields); Sumner, none (2 fields); and Clark, 0.7-1.7, Meade, 0-0.3, Ford, none (3 fields). (Redding, Iselin). ENGLISH GRAIN APHID (Macrosiphum avenae) - KANSAS - Very light in wheat surveyed in southeast, south-central, and southwest crop districts. (Redding, Iselin). WINTER GRAIN MITE (Penthaleus major) - OKLAHOMA - Moderate to heavy on wheat in Cotton County. Light in Garfield County. (Okla. Coop. Sur.). FORAGE LEGUMES PEA APHID (Acyrthosiphon pisum) - ARKANSAS - Counts very light, occasional speci- men found in northwest area forage legumes. (Boyer) . GENERAL VEGETABLES GREEN PEACH APHID (Myzus persicae) - ARIZONA - One field of lettuce may require treatment at Yuma, Yuma County. Buildup occurring on wild mustard at Yuma. (Ariz. Coop. Sur.) DECIDUOUS FRUITS AND NUTS PEACH TREE BORER (Sanninoidea exitiosa) - ALABAMA - Larval feeding at and below ground line on peach, laurel cherry, and flowering peach during past 14-days. Caused considerable amount of gum residue to accumulate around injured bark. (McQueen) . CITRUS CITRUS RED MITE (Panonychus citri) - ARIZONA - Decreased in lemon grove with population of 20.76 per leaf December 11 at Yuma, Yuma County. Currently 10.40 per Weats) (Ariz sCooph, Sur.) - &. ows TEXAS CITRUS MITE (Eutetranychus banksi) -— ARIZONA - Counts decreased from 23.76 per leaf to 2.38 per leaf within 21 days in lemon grove with heaviest infesta- tion at Yuma, Yuma County. (Ariz. Coop. Sur.) ORNAMENTALS IVY APHID (Aphis hederae) - OKLAHOMA - Ranged up to 150 per terminal on English ivy in protected location in Tulsa County. This is a new county record. (Okla. Coop. Sur.). MAN AND ANIMALS SCREW-WORM (Cochliomyia hominivorax) - No cases reported in U.S. December 27 to January 2. Total of 46 laboratory-confirmed cases reported in portion of Barrier Zone in Republic of Mexico as follows: Sonora 22, Chihuahua 4, Coahuila 7, Nuevo Leon 4, Tamaulipas 9. Total of 2 cases reported in Mexico south of Barrier Zone. Barrier Zone is area where eradication operation underway to prevent establishment of self-sustaining population in U.S, Sterile screw-worm flies released: Texas 6,568,000; Mexico 107,082,000. (Anim. Health Div.). COMMON CATTLE GRUB (Hypoderma lineatum) - OKLAHOMA - Ranged 0-10 (averaged 3) per head on dairy cattle in Mayes County. Averaged 16 per head on yearlings in western Payne County. Light in Choctaw County. (Okla. Coop. Sur.). SHORT-NOSED CATTLE LOUSE (Haematopinus eurysternus) - OKLAHOMA - Counts of 5 per 10 hair parts on Payne County steers. (Okla. Coop. Sur.). WINTER TICK (Dermacentor albipictus) - OKLAHOMA - Up to 200 per beef animal in Payne County. Heavy on beef cattle in Murray County and light in Choctaw County. (Okla. Coop. Sur.). BROWN RECLUSE SPIDER (Loxosceles reclusa) - OKLAHOMA - Specimen reported from home in Payne County. (Okla. Coop. Sur.). STORED PRODUCTS ANGOUMOIS GRAIN MOTH (Sitotroga cerealella) - NORTH CAROLINA - Larvae heavy in stored feed corn on farm at Whiteville, Columbus County. (Hunt). RICE WEEVIL (Sitophilus oryzae) - NORTH CAROLINA - All stages heavy in stored feed corn on farm at Whiteville, Columbus County. (Hunt). DETECTION New County Record - IVY APHID (Aphis hederae) OKLAHOMA - Tulsa (p. 18). 3TO7 GRASSHOP- 8 OR MORE GRA‘ [te ie Sed ca GRASSHOPPER ADULT SURVEY 3 TO7 GRASSHOPPERS PER SQUARE YARD eo 8 OR MORE GRASSHOPPERS PER SQUARE YARD NECESSITY FOR CONTROL ON CROP OR RANGELAND NEXT SEASON WILL DEPEND UPON TYPE OF HABITAT, SPECIES PRESENT, WEATHER, AND CONDITION OF VEGETATION. DETAILED INFORMATION CONCERNING THE GRASSHOPPER PROBLEM IN SPECIFIC AREAS CAN BE OBTAINED FROM STATE PEST CONTROL ie) CIALS, COUNTY AGENTS, AND PLANT PROTECTION DIVISION PERS! NEL. PREPARED IN PPD, ARS, USDA 10/20/70 WSN U! ape SEG “egNOIUSo, aS TMENT OF AGRICULTURE ESEARCH SERVICE STION DIVISION TO COOP This 1 surveys made during the late summer and fall of 1970. The survey reveals where and Itial severity of infestations for 1971. Nymphal surveys, made in the spring, determine pbe necessary in 1971. Contniers with technical assistance from Division and State personnel. The infested rangeland a. Areas on the map are diagrammatic. Within these areas, infestations may be solid or spo’ OPPER INFESTATIONS SIONS, FALL 1970 wn in red) LANDOWNERSHIP — ACRES REGION REGION Tone AND ACRES STATE PRIVATE & STATE PUBLIC DOMAIN CENTRAL Kansas New Mexico 95,000 Nebraska Oregon 33,960 Utah 64,610 WESTERN Washington 306,500 Arizona Wyoming 130,200 California Colorado Idaho SOUTHERN Montana Oklahoma 2,300,000 2,300,000 Nevada Texas 2,311,340 2,311,340 The survey was pural Research Service, in cooperation with various State Agencies concerned. = igs HAWAIT INSECT REPORT FOR WEEK ENDING DECEMBER 25, 1970 Corn - CORN PLANTHOPPER (Peregrinus maidis) light, averaged 6 nymphs or adults per Seedling, in 5 acres of 12-inch high field corn at Kaaawa, Oahu. Predators nil. (Kawamura). Turf and Pasture - GRASS WEBWORM (Herpetogramma licarsisalis) larvae trace, less than 2 per 10 square feet, in pasture of Kikuyu grass at Hana, Maui; adults light. Larvae trace at golf course and memorial park at Kaneohe, Oahu. Adults less than 1 per 5 sweeps in border mixed stand of grass at both areas. (Miyahira, Funasaki, Kawamura). General Vegetables - All stages of IMPORTED CABBAGEWORM (Pieris rapae) trace, averaged one larva or pupa per 25 heads, in 2 acres of head cabbage at Kaaawa, Oahu. BEAN FLY (Melanagromyza phaseoli) damage light in snap beans at Waikapu and Pulehu, Maui. Adults of Opius spp. (braconids) abundant on newly emerged seedlings. (Ah Sam, Miyahira). Fruits and Nuts - COCONUT SCALE (Aspidiotus destructor) colonies light on 40+ coconut trees at Kaneohe, Oahu; remain trace in papaya and banana fields at Kaaawa and Hakipuu, (Kawamura) . Forest and Shade Trees - Nymphs and adults of RED-BANDED THRIPS (Selenothrips rubrocinetus) heavy on false kamani (Terminalia catappa) trees at Hana; moderate on Same host at Waiehu, Maui. (Ah Sam, Miyahira). Beneficial Insects - Adults of a LADY BEETLE (Coccinella septempunctata brucki) moderate in 0.5 acre of bell peppers lightly infested with all stages of Myzus persicae (green peach aphid). Nymphs and adults of LANTANA LACE BUG (Teleonemia scrupulosa) heavy in spots in 500+ acres of lantana at Ulupalakua, Maui. Larvae and adults of LANTANA DEFOLIATOR CATERPILLAR (Hypena strigata) and a NOCTUID MOTH (Catabena esula) moderate to heavy in the same area, caused 95 percent defoli- ation of this weed pest. (Ah Sam, Miyahira). Miscellaneous Pests -— Adults of a CERATOPOGONID MIDGE (Forcipomyia indecora) numerous in light trap collections during December on Oahu; adults reportedly entering many homes in lowlands. This species very common throughout State and becomes abundant during wet months. A LONGHORN GRASSHOPPER (Euconocephalus nasutus) caused annoyance by loud stridulations at night at Wailuku, Maui, and on Molokai. No recoveries made from either island to date. First specimen in State taken on Oahu in January 1968, followed by its discovery on Kauai in November 1969. (Miyahira). LIGHT TRAP COLLECTIONS FLORIDA - Gainesville, 12/23-30/70, BL - Armyworm (Pseudaletia unipuncta) 1, black cutworm (Agrotis ipsilon) 3, granulate cutworm (Feltia sSubterranea) 1, UNITED STATES DEPARTMENT OF AGRICULTURE | AGRICULTURAL RESEARCH SERVICE PLANT PROTECTION DIVISION TO COOPERATORS: This map is based upon the results of cooperative grasshopper adult surveys made during the late summer and fall of 1970. The survey reveals where and how many grasshoppers infest an area, and indicates the potential severity of infestations for 1971. Nymphal surveys, made in the spring, determine population densities, and indicate those areas where control may be necessary in 1971. Control on grasshopper infested croplands will be handled by the farmers with technical assistance from Division and State personnel. The infested rangeland areas total 7,928,039 acres in 15 Western and Midwestern States. Areas on the map are diagrammatic. Within these areas, infestations may be solid or spotted. RANGELAND GRASSHOPPER INFESTATIONS ACREAGE BY REGIONS, FALL 1970 (Areas shown in red) LANDOWNERSHIP — ACRES LANDOWNERSHIP — ACRES REGION TOTAL REGION TOTAL AND ACRES AND ACRES STATE PRIVATE & STATE PUBLIC DOMAIN STATE PRIVATE & STATE | PUBLIC DOMAIN CENTRAL Kansas 30,000 === 30,000 New Mexico 95,000 —--- 95,000 Nebraska — 30,000 30,000 Oregon 33,760 200 33,960 Utah 54,560 10,050 64,610 WESTERN Washington 273,500 33,000 306,500 Arizona 46,200 93,000 139,200 Wyoming 91,140 39,060 130,200 California 328,170 3,939 332,109 Colorado 310,000 — 310,000 Idaho 702,500 980,500 1,683,000 SOUTHERN Montana 27,000 89,000 116,000 Oklahoma 2,300,000 2,300,000 Nevada 19,150 26,970 46,120 Texas 2,311,340 2,311,340) | The survey was planned and performed by the Plant Protection Division, Agricultural Research Service, in cooperation with various State Agencies concerned. a a ee eras { l - i errs saci iain en senmes l er 5 2) 5 WEATHER OF THE WEEK ENDING JANUARY 4 HIGHLIGHTS: A major storm brought heavy snow from the central and southern Rocky Mountains to the Great Lakes. Strong winds drifted the snow clogging roads and highways and made care of livestock difficult. PRECIPITATION: Two storm centers brought clouds and precipitation early in the week, A powerful storm lashed the Pacific Northwest with gales and heavy rain along the coast and snow in the western mountains. Showers and thunderstorms, some with hail and strong winds, occurred from Texas eastward across the Deep South. Snow and freezing rain occurred in the southern Appalachians and flurries were seen in the Lee of the Great Lakes. In the latter half of the week, a storm moved northward along the Atlantic coast producing heavy snow from the southern Appalachians to New England. By 7 a.m. New Year's day, the snow had accumulated to 11 inches at Dulles International Airport near Washington, D.C., and by evening depths’ reached 2 feet in the mountains of West Virginia and western Maryland. A giant storm developed in the Southwest early Saturday. It intensi- fied as it moved into the southern Great Plains and spread heavy snow from the Rocky Mountains across the northern and central Great Plains to the Great Lakes. Mixtures of freezing rain and sleet fell eastward, south of the snow belt. Rain and scattered thunderstorms occurred farther south. In the snow belt, snow depths reached 12 to 17 inches from the Colorado Rockies across Nebraska and Iowa to northern Illinois. Moline, Illinois, received 16.4 inches on Sunday. This is the greatest 24-hour snowfall of record for Moline. Lacrosse, Wisconsin, set a 24- hour snowfall record when 16 inches fell there. Strong winds drifted the snow badly. Numerous roads became blocked, The care of livestock became extremely difficult. TEMPERATURE: Arctic air covered much of the Nation early in the week. A large area from the northern Great Plains to the Atlantic Ocean and southward as far as Virginia remained continuously below freezing for several days. Minimums were below freezing Monday morning in all the continental States except Louisiana. Subzero temperatures occurred Monday and Tuesday mornings in Minnesota and parts of nearby States. A warming trend occurred in the central Great Plains where afternoon temperatures were about 10° higher on Tuesday than on Monday. Southern Texas and Florida warmed to the 70's. The temperature at Gainesville, Florida, climbed to 71° before a cold front passage after which the temperature plunged to 54° in 1 hour. The major storm that swept northeastward across mid-America in the latter part of the week kept temperatures down in the northern and Central States. However, unusual warmth occurred in southern Texas where Catulla registered 96° Sunday afternoon. Mean weekly temperatures were generally slightly above normal over the central Great Plains, 6° to 10° above normal over southern Texas, and below normal over the rest of the Nation, Some eastern areas averaged 6° to 11° colder than normal. (Summary Supplied by Environmental Data Service, ESSA) . The Avie re pene t | RAIA iW cla BA RRS RTM aloft VO Ee re FON: ie Ch he fe o7 J Pee STATE ; ‘Hya f 0004 USENLINATAL22 03001 0001 US ENTOMOLOGY LIBRARY DEPT ENTOM NATIONAL MUSEUM WASHINGTON pc 20560 nb VOL. 21 No. 3 January 15, 1971 Cooperative ECONOMIC INSECT REPORT Cin 2 ee ) Issued by PLANT, PROTECTION DIVISION AGRICULTURAL RESEARCH SERVICE UNITED STATES. DEPARTMENT OF AGRICULTURE AGRICULTURAL RESEARCH SERVICE PLANT PROTECTION DIVISION ECONOMIC INSECT SURVEY AND DETECTION The Cooperative Economic Insect Report is issued weekly as a service to American Agriculture. Its contents are compiled from information supplied by cooperating State, Federal, and industrial entomologists and other agricul- tural workers. In releasing this material the Division serves as a clearing house and does not assume responsi- bility for accuracy of the material. To facilitate mailroom handling, all reports, inquiries, and other matters pertaining to this release, including the mailing list, should be sent to: The Editors, CEIR Economic Insect Survey and Detection Plant Protection Division, ARS, USDA Federal Center Building Hyattsville, Maryland 20782 Volume 21 January 15, 1971 Number 3 COOPERATIVE ECONOMIC INSECT REPORT HIGHLIGHTS Current Conditions GREENBUG moving into grain fields in California. Heavy on small grains in Rolling Plains of Texas and in parts of Oklahoma. (p. 23). SPOTTED ALFALFA APHID damaged seedling alfalfa in California. Heavy in portions of Oklahoma. (p. 23). ; ENGRAVER BEETLES and a WEEVIL damaged pines in California. (p. 25). NORTHERN FOWL MITE troublesome on poultry in Virginia. (p. 26). Detection For new county and island records see page 26. Reports in this issue are for week ending January 8 unless otherwise indicated. Sone SOR Ss CONTENTS Special Insects of Regional Significance.............. aie odenetenehonenalete pele csial enon snenewaemt Ss Insects Affecting Corn, Sorghum, Sugareane............23 Other Trop. & Subtrop. Fruits.....24 SmaielaGracinSieteroreneretelalcreicneleleien alan SOO Go OFGMAMEMEAIS Golcoodnogndsoccnad OND OO me Turf, Pastures, Rangeland. ood000 deo) SHOES and Shade Trees. go00c00 225 Forage Legumes.......... Goacod0agc Sool) Wein gual Moles 5 6 occcad0con00006 2-20 General Vegetables.................-.24 Households and Structures... 4 asaeeee (Cwm 5G oc0cocCoConKdDOD DODO DS OOuDDDS 24 Beneficial Insects..... FOdooodD00RGO pond odCGd sieNeliancu stolons velcverelafelrenntehcucnerel eve: custetenetemenemeted Gl DEQeCitatonienarenencieneney ave lalelenelsiciereleneleh erencl sh elisiehclielal el/hellclieleNaielieWolalletslelapelalelMolelelelielis Dobooo Doo doo NaS alan Wear) COlleew1OMmss scodgdco005 Pataca eleliey essa oe tnettette Sl ciey Vavctraletea enabaiel omiraceltenokelronaitemetelememeredO FEW Ellil INSEC WSOPE G GooodobOddK paddDDOodGOODNDDOODCOOS Biaiaeisiciiclioncl ueneicicn-i elon enenoneaenAL itl WEATHER OF THE WEEK ENDING JANUARY 11 HIGHLIGHTS: Extremely cold temperatures prevailed over most of the Nation. Heavy snow fell in some of the Northern border States and over the weekend in northern portions of the Gulf States. Freezing rain south of the snow belts glazed highways and made driving treacherous. PRECIPITATION: A severe storm centered over Lake Michigan, Monday, dumped heavy snow over Wisconsin and Upper Michigan. La Crosse, Wisconsin, received 16 inches in 4 hours, the greatest amount ever recorded at La Crosse in that length of time. Strong winds behind storms drifted snow badly, especially in Minnesota and Iowa. Meanwhile, Shower and thunderstorm activity was widespread over the Southeast and rain fell in the Middle and Southern Atlantic Coastal States. Snow flurries occurred from the Ohio River Valley to the Appalachians and New England. Precipitation was mostly light at midweek. Snow Showers dotted the northern portion of the Great Basin and the northern Rocky Mountains. Snow also fell in the lee of the Great Lakes. Rain dampened the Atlantic States. Shortly after midweek a storm developed over the Gulf of Mexico. It dumped several inches of snow in northern portions of Mississippi and Alabama. Two weekend storms affected weather in the continental United States. One storm brought wet and windy conditions to the Pacific Northwest. Rain fell along the coast with snow in the mountains and eastward to the northern Great Plains. Freezing rain slicked highways in parts of Oregon and Idaho. By Saturday evening, Lincoln, Montana, near the Continental Divide had received 15 inches of new snow. The other storm brought freezing rain from northern Louisiana to Virginia and rain southward to the gulf coast. Freezing rains made highway driving treacherous. Ice accumulated on trees, poles, and wires. Limbs and wires broke. Electric service was interrupted up to 12 hours in the Athens, Georgia, vicinity. Weekly precipitation totals exceeded 2.0 inches along the coast of Washington and Oregon and over southern portions of Alabama, Georgia, and South Carolina. Most of the area from central and southern California to the Mississippi River received rain or only light snow flurries or sprinkles. Weather of the week continued on page 28. 5 OES SPECIAL INSECTS OF REGIONAL SIGNIFICANCE ASTER LEAFHOPPER (Macrosteles fascifrons) - FLORIDA - Adults 3 in 100 sweeps of 4 to 6-inch alfalfa at Gainesville, Alachua County. (Mead). GREENBUG (Schizaphis graminum) - TEXAS - Some concern to small grains in Rollings Plains during late December. Heavy and widespread in Motley County. Heavy in fields examined near Matador and Whiteflat. Yellow spots indicated some damage due perhaps to greenbugs and dry weather. Still light in South Plains and panhandle areas. (Pallmeyer et al.). OKLAHOMA - Ranged per foot by county: Roger Mills 10-300 on wheat; Caddo 10-100; Custer, Washita, Beckham, and Kiowa 20-70; Jackson 10-50; and Wagoner 0-10. Heavy in Cotton County. (Okla. Coop. Sur.). CALIFORNIA - Built up on volunteer grain, now moving into grain fields. Some moved from alfalfa with small grains as a nurse crop. Sticky boards indicate some movement of adults in Imperial Valley, Imperial County. (Cal. Coop. Rpt., Jan. 1). SPOTTED ALFALFA APHID (Therioaphis maculata) - CALIFORNIA - Damaged seedlings of nonresistant alfalfa varieties in Imperial Valley, Imperial County; treatments needed. New bio-type designated as Ent. F infested Moapa alfalfa; 3 bio-types now in the valley. (Cal. Coop. Rpt., Jan. 1). OKLAHOMA - Up to 1,000 per square foot on fall-seeded alfalfa in Kiowa County and up to 400 per square foot in Tillman County. Heavy in fall-seeded fields in Alfalfa County. Moderate in Grady County. (Okla. Coop. Sur.). FLORIDA - Nymphs and adults 1,500 in 100 sweeps of 4 to 6-inch alfalfa at Gainesville, Alachua County. (Mead). CORN, SORGHUM, SUGARCANE SOUTHWESTERN CORN BORER (Diatraea grandiosella) - OKLAHOMA - Larvae averaged 20 per 100 dry cornstalks in Okmulgee County field. (Okla. Coop. Sur.). SMALL GRAINS WINTER GRAIN MITE (Penthaleus major) - OKLAHOMA - Heavy on wheat in Cotton County. Light, up to 50 per foot, in most fields checked in Custer, Washita, Beckham, Caddo, Roger Mills, and Kiowa Counties. Ranged 2-5 per foot in Wagoner and Mayes Counties. (Okla. Coop. Sur.). BROWN WHEAT MITE (Petrobia latens) - OKLAHOMA - Averaged 50 per foot of wheat in area of southeastern Jackson County. (Okla. Coop. Sur.). AN APHID (Rhopalosiphum padi) - OKLAHOMA - Light, up to 20 per foot of wheat in Washita County. (Okla. Coop. Sur.). TURF, PASTURES, RANGELAND A MARCH FLY (Dilophus orbatus) - CALIFORNIA - Larvae heavy in lawns at Santa Maria, Santa Barbara County. (Cal. Coop. Rpt.). FORAGE LEGUMES EGYPTIAN ALFALFA WEEVIL (Hypera brunneipennis) - ARIZONA - Adults averaged 40 per 100 sweeps in alfalfa field on Yuma Mesa, Yuma County. (Ariz. Coop. Sur.). SPOTTED CUCUMBER BEETLE (Diabrotica undecimpunctata howardi) - FLORIDA - Adults 16 in 100 sweeps of 4 to 6-inch alfalfa at Gainesville, Alachua County. (Mead). PEA APHID (Acyrthosiphon pisum) - NEW MEXICO - Light on Dona Ana County alfalfa. (N.M. Coop. Rpt., Dec. 29). FLORIDA - Nymphs and adults 50 in 100 sweeps of 4 to 6-inch alfalfa at Gainesville, Alachua County. (Mead). CLOVER MITE (Bryobia praetiosa) - ARIZONA - Averaged 25 per sweep in alfalfa field on Yuma Mesa, Yuma County. (Ariz. Coop. Sur.). —- 24 - GENERAL VEGETABLES GREEN PEACH APHID (Myzus persicae) - ARIZONA - One lettuce field treated at Yuma, Yuma County. (Ariz. Coop. Sur.). CITRUS Insect Situation in Florida - End of December - CITRUS RUST MITE (Phyllocoptruta oOleivora) infested 78 (norm 62) percent of groves; economic in 62 (norm 43) percent. Population decreased but still above normal and in high range on leaves and fruit. Further decrease predicted. Highest districts west, south, central, and north. CITRUS RED MITE (Panonychus citri) in 44 (norm 35) percent of groves; economic in 16 (norm 12) percent. Increased and now above normal low level. Although most infestations will be light, a few heavy infestations may be expected in scattered groves. Highest districts central and west. TEXAS CITRUS MITE (Eutetranychus banksi) in 31 (norm 38) percent of groves; economic in 12 (norm 14) percent. In low range and below normal abundance for yearend. Slight decrease expected. Highest districts central and east. GLOVER SCALE (Lepidosaphes gloverii) in 83 (norm 68) percent of groves; economic in 6 (norm 11) percent. Slightly above normal and in moderate range. Infestations generally will be numerous but most will be light. Highest districts north and south. PURPLE SCALE (L. beckii) in 77 (norm 69) percent of groves; economic in 6 (norm 6) percent. At moderate level and near normal abundance. Little change predicted. Highest districts west and north. BLACK SCALE (Saissetia oleae) in 38 (norm 40) percent of groves; economic in 14 (norm 16) percent. Recent periods of freezing weather reduced population to low level normal for yearend. Further decrease expected. Highest districts west and central. YELLOW SCALE (Aonidiella citrina) in 41 (norm 62) percent of groves; economic in 4 (norm 11) percent. Will remain low and below normal despite predicted increase. Highest district is east. CHAFF SCALE (Parlatoria pergandii) in 42 (norm 51) percent of groves; economic in 2 (norm 6) percent. Will remain low and below normal in all districts. An ARMORED SCALE (Unaspis citri) infested 25 percent of groves; moderate or heavy in 14 percent. Decreased Slightly in December. Increase expected in January. WHITEFLIES infested 65 (norm 69) percent of groves; economic in 3 (norm 14) percent. Dropped below normal and into low range for first time since September 1969. Will remain low. Highest districts east and west. (W.A. Simanton (Citrus Expt. Sta., Lake Alfred)). BROWN SOFT SCALE (Coccus hesperidum) - ARIZONA - Generally infested another 5- acre grove at Yuma, Yuma County. (Ariz. Coop. Sur.). CALIFORNIA RED SCALE (Aonidiella aurantii) - CALIFORNIA - Heavy on grapefruit nursery stock at Hanford, Kings County. (Cal. Coop. Rpt.). WESTERN FLOWER THRIPS (Frankliniella occidentalis) - CALIFORNIA - Infested orange trees in Bard Valley, Imperial County. (Cal. Coop. Rpt.). SPIDER MITES - ARIZONA - Panonychus citri (citrus red mite) averaged 73.96 per lemon leaf on Yuma Mesa, Yuma County. Trees very closely spaced and not hit as hard by frost. Eutetranychus banksi (Texas citrus mite) averaged 2.04 per leaf in citrus grove on Yuma Mesa. (Ariz. Coop. Sur.). OTHER TROP. & SUBTROP. FRUITS PINEAPPLE SCALE (Diaspis bromeliae) - CALIFORNIA - Ten per leaf on Ananas sp., nursery stock in tropical nursery at Stockton, San Joaquin County. (Cal. Coop. Rite ye BLACK SCALE (Saissetia oleae) - ARIZONA - On fig trees in residential Yuma, Yuma County. (Ari zen CoopeESureDiE EO ag ORNAMENTALS A SCARAB (Dyscinetus morator) - FLORIDA - First time actual damage confirmed on caladium bulbs. Occurred at bulb farm near Lake Placid, Highlands County. (Barker, Dec. 30). GREEN PEACH APHID (Myzus persicae) - NEW MEXICO - Heavy on Christmas peppers at Bosque Farms, Valencia County, and Albuquerque, Bernalillo County. (Heninger). GRASSHOPPERS - NEW MEXICO - Damaged orchids and chilli peppers in large green- house at Los Chavez, Valencia County. (Heninger). FOREST AND SHADE TREES ENGRAVER BEETLES (Ips sp.) - CALIFORNIA - Infested knobcone pine saplings and poles in 2 stands of 1,000-1,500 acres in Coffee Creek area, Shasta National Forest. About 5,000 trees involved. (Cal. Coop. Rpt., Jan. 1). Probably Ips buildup in piled logging slash browned tops of many ponderosa pines in 200-acre stand at Carrville, Shasta-Trinity National Forest; trees fading. (Gustafsen, USFS, Jan. 1). WESTERN PINE BEETLE (Dendroctonus brevicomis) - CALIFORNIA - Infested 5-50 acres in each location of 12-50 trees in each area in Old Tumble Ranch, New York. Place, and Ramshorn Creek in Shasta-Trinity National Forest. (Stewart, USFS, eheaciveure'l®) A WEEVIL (Cylindrocopturus eatoni) - CALIFORNIA - Seriously damaged ponderosa and Jeffrey pines in a plantation and 1,000 Jeffrey pines on 14-acre area, and infested one-third of 25-acre ponderosa pine plantation in Shasta County. (Wickwire, USFS, Jan. 1). BLACK PINE-LEAF SCALE (Nuculaspis californica) - CALIFORNIA - Up to 25 per needle on pines in Capay Valley and RumSey, Yolo County. (Cal. Coop. Rpt.). RED-HEADED PINE SAWFLY (Neodiprion lecontei) - MISSISSIPPI - Light on young pine in Perry County seed orchard; still present month after initial attack. (Sartor, adie als) AN ARMORED SCALE (Hemiberlesia quercicola) - CALIFORNIA - Infested oaks at Murrieta, Riverside County, for a new county record. Collected by R.J. Gill December 8, 1970. Identified by R. Wilkey. (Cal. Coop. Rpt.). A LEAFHOPPER (Alconeura quadrimaculata) - CALIFORNIA - Nymphs and adults averaged 4 per leaf on pussy willow nursery Stock at Fresno, Fresno County. (Cal. Coop. Rpt.) ¢ A CYNIPID WASP (Callirhytis milleri) -— CALIFORNIA - Larvae 6 per acorn on oaks at Magalia, Butte County. (Cal. Coop. Rpt.). AN ERIOPHYID MITE (Aculops magnolivora) - CALIFORNIA - Infested 450 southern magnolia nursery trees at Woodland Hills, Los Angeles County. (Cal. Coop. Rpt.). MAN AND ANIMALS SCREW-WORM (Cochliomyia hominivorax) - No cases reported in U.S. January 3-9. Total of 71 laboratory—-confirmed Cases reported in portion of Barrier Zone in Republic of Mexico as follows: Sonora 62, Chihuahua 3, Nuevo Leon 1, Tamaulipas 5. Total of 15 cases reported in Mexico south of Barrier Zone. Barrier Zone is area where eradication operation underway to prevent establishment of self- sustaining population in U.S. Sterile screw-worm flies released: Texas 7,518,000; Mexico 113,080,000. (Anim. Health Div.). —- 26 - COMMON CATTLE GRUB (Hypoderma lineatum) - OKLAHOMA - Averaged 20 per head on yearlings checked in Roger Millis County. Moderate in Mayes and Craig Counties. Light in Choctaw County. (Okla. Coop. Sur.). HORN FLY (Haematobia irritans) - FLORIDA - Averaged 7.3 per cow on dairy farm at Gainesville, Alachua County. (Butler). SHORT-NOSED CATTLE LOUSE (Haematopinus eurysternus) - OKLAHOMA - Mostly this louse 1-2 per hair part on cattle in Payne County, heavy in Craig and Cotton Counties, and moderate in Mayes County. (Okla. Coop. Sur.). CATTLE FEVER TICKS (Boophilus spp.) - TEXAS - Specimens collected by county; 3 Webb and 1 Hidalgo. All recovered within quarantine zone during December 1970. (Anim. Health Div.). BROWN DOG TICK (Rhipicephalus sanguineus) - MARYLAND - Still active. Infested home at Towson, Baltimore County. (U. Md., Ent. Dept.). DERMANYSSID MITES (Ornithonyssus spp.) - VIRGINIA - O. sylviarum (northern fowl mite) light to heavy on 25,000 birds at Salem, Roanoke County. Collected by J.E. Roberts. (Allen). MARYLAND - O. bursa (tropical fowl mite) heavily infested apartment at Oxon Hill, Prince Georges County. Pigeons nesting on air conditioners source of infestation. (U. Md., Ent. Dept.). HOUSEHOLDS AND STRUCTURES GERMAN COCKROACH (Blattella germanica) - VIRGINIA - Very heavy in duplex in Montgomery County. (Allen, Dec. 7). OLD-HOUSE BORER (Hylotrupes bajulus) - TENNESSEE - Found in cabin in Hardin County for a new County record. (Smith). BENEFICIAL INSECTS A BRACONID (Lysiphlebus testaceipes) - OKLAHOMA —- Adults active in Schizaphis graminum (greenbug)-infested wheat in Jackson County. (Okla. Coop. Sur.). DETECTION New County and Island Records - An ARMORED SCALE (Hemiberlesia quercicola) CALIFORNIA — Riverside (p. 25). A NOCTUID MOTH (Melipotis indomita) HAWAII - Lanai (p. 27). OLD-HOUSE BORER (Hylotrupes bajulus) TENNESSEE — Hardin (p. 26). LIGHT TRAP COLLECTIONS FLORIDA - Gainesville, 1/1-7, BL - Black cutworm (Agrotis ipsilon) 3, granulate cutworm (Feltia subterranea) 6. = 27 - HAWAII INSECT REPORT General Vegetables - LEAF MINER FLIES (Liriomyza spp.) generally trace in egg- plant and green onion at Haleiwa, Hauula, and Kahuku, Oahu; mines moderate on older leaves in acre of snap beans at Waianae, Oahu; adults 1 per 3 leaves. CARMINE SPIDER MITE (Tetranychus cinnabarinus) moderate to heavy on older leaves in 1.25 acres of eggplant at Hauula; up to 100+ per square inch of leaf, (Kawamura, Jan. 1). Currently, GREENHOUSE WHITEFLY (Trialeurodes vaporariorum) adults light in 0.25 acre of cucumber, 3,000 square feet of tomato, and 0.1 acre of broccoli at Kahului, Maui. All stages trace in acre each of tomato, white mustard cabbage (Brassica chinensis) , and daikon (Raphanus sativus longipinnatus) at Waianae. Moderate in 0.25 acre of zucchini at Kahului and in 1.5 acres of egg- plant at Haleiwa. (Miyahira, Kawamura). BEAN FLY (Melanagromyza phaseoli) larval damage light in yard planting of snap beans at Keokea, Maui. On Kauai, infested- petioles of cowpeas and snap beans 95 percent parasitized by Opius spp. (braconids). (Miyahira, Sugawa). CABBAGE WEBWORM (Hellula rogatalis) trace in 1.5 acres and nil in adjacent acre of white stem cabbage at Waianae; nil in 0.5 acre of daikon. (Kawamura) . Fruits - MEDITERRANEAN FRUIT FLY (Ceratitis capitata) damage heavy to ripe fruits on 12 orange and tangerine trees at upper Omapio, Maui (elevation 2,590 feet). (Miyahira, Jan. 1). Ornamentals - Nymphs and adults of a LEAFHOPPER (Protalebrella brasiliensis) heavy, aS many as 10 per sweep, in ground cover planting of Lippia at Halawa Heights, Oahu. Nymphs and/or adults decreased from 2 per leaf in late October to 1 per 5 leaves in landscape planting at Wedelia at Moanalua, Oahu. (Funasaki, Kawamura) . Forest and Shade Trees - Larval damage by a NOCTUID MOTH (Melipotis indomita) moderate on roadside kiawe trees at Nuu and Maalaea, Maui, week of January l. Adults 200+ in light trap set in dense kiawe growth at Hickam Air Force Base, Oahu. Larvae no longer found in loose bark of monkeypod trees at Waianae and Honolulu. (Shiroma et al.). Currently, many adults noted in kiawe and koa haole at Lanai City, Lanai, for a new island record. Now reported from every major island in State. (Au). Man and Animals - CLUSTER FLY (Pollenia rudis) adults very annoying to residents at Paauilo, Waimea, and Kohala, Hawaii. Numbers heavy in buildings and at large at Ahualoa Homestead, Alae, Pahoehoe and Saddle Road, Hawaii. (Yoshioka et al.). Trapped 755 VEXANS MOSQUITO (Aedes vexans nocturnus) and 3,963 SOUTHERN HOUSE MOSQUITO (Culex pipiens quinquefaSciatusS) in 55 light traps on Oahu during December. Aedes up to 481 per trap at Punaluu. Culex up to 1,366 at Kaneohe, (Mosq. Cont. Br., Dept. of Health). Beneficial Insects - Over 100 adults of an ENCYRTID WASP (Copidosoma truncatellum) emerged from a Larva of Chrysodeixis chalcites (a noctuid moth) collected on Wedelia trilobata at Manoa, Oahu. Probably parasitized 2 other larvae also. (Rose, Jan. 1). SOUTH AFRICAN EMEX WEEVIL (Apion antiquum) adults moderate on emex (Emex spinosa) seedlings at Waiakoa, Maui. (Miyahira, Jan. 1). Currently, the average percent infestation by MELASTOMA BORER (Selca brunella) in fruits and terminals of Indian rhododendron (Melastoma malabathricum) On Hawaii and Kauai were 47 and 18 percent respectively. (Yoshioka, Sugawa). Miscellaneous Pests - Destroyed 554 snails, mostly juveniles, of GIANT AFRICAN SNAIL (Achatina fulica) at Poipu, Kauai, during December; 8 at Wahiawa. Poison bait applications continue. (Sugawa). Adults of probably this GEOMETRID MOTH (Semiothisa santaremaria) taken in light traps at Hickam Air Force Base (3) and Ewa (8), Oahu, December 26 to January 1. Adults noted at Ewa and Waianae. (Au, Shiroma) . j a PX Weather of the week continued from page 22. TEMPERATURE: Cold air plunged southward behind a storm centered over Lake Michigan On Monday. The temperature at Cotulla, Texas, dropped 60° in about 18 hours from 96° Sunday afternoon to 36° Monday morning. Flagstaff, Arizona, registered 22° below zero Monday morning January 4. By Tuesday, Arctic air covered the West from Canada to Mexico. By Wednesday, subzero temperatures were common from the northern Rocky Mountains to southern New Mexico and northeastward to Lakes Superior and Michigan. The highest temperature at Rock Springs, Wyoming, Tuesday afternoon was 18° below zero. Hawley Lake, Arizona, registered 39° below zero Wednesday morning. Frazer, Colorado, recorded 42° below zero Thursday. The mercury at Albuquerque, New Mexico, plunged to 17° below zero Thursday morning. That is the coldest temperature ever recorded at Albuquerque. Other cold temperature readings included 47° below zero at Antero Reservoir, Colorado, and some unofficial readings in the Colorado Rockies of minus 50° or colder. The temperature at Moline, Illinois was minus 13° and minus 17° on Wednesday and Thursday respectively. Cold temperatures continued over most the the Nation over the weekend. Subzero weather occurred in northern New York and New England on 1 or 2 mornings. Massens, New York, registered 25° below zero Saturday morning. Some warming occurred in the central Great Plains. Temperatures in Missouri reached the 40's Saturday which is near normal for early January. A new storm dropped minimum temperatures in Montana to near zero Saturday morning and to below zero over most of the State Sunday morning. Temperatures averaged much below zero over almost the entire Nation. Most of the northern and central Great Plains and from southeastern Nevada to central Tennessee averaged more than 10° colder than normal. Above normal temperatures continued in the Florida Peninsula. (Summary supplied by Environmental Data Service, ESSA.) ESD t POSTAGE & FEES PAID 7 Jnited States Depa tment of Agricul a 5 823 VOL. 21 No. 4 January 22, 1971 C57 Ete : Cooperative ECONOMIC INSECT REPORT: JEM HSON/4> {FEB 13 197 CIBRARIES Issued by PLANT PROTECTION DIVISION AGRICULTURAL RESEARCH SERVICE UNITED STATES DEPARTMENT OF AGRICULTURE © AGRICULTURAL RESEARCH SERVICE PLANT PROTECTION DIVISION ECONOMIC INSECT SURVEY AND DETECTION The Cooperative Economic Insect Report is issued weekly as a service to American Agriculture. Its contents are compiled from information supplied by cooperating State, Federal, and industrial entomologists and other agricul- tural workers. In releasing this material the Division serves as a clearing house and does not assume responsi- bility for accuracy of the material. To facilitate mailroom handling, all reports, inquiries, and other matters pertaining to this release, including the mailing list, should be sent to: The Editors, CEIR Economic Insect Survey and Detection Plant Protection Division, ARS, USDA Federal Center Building Hyattsville, Maryland 20782 Volume 21 January 22, 1971 Number 4 COOPERATIVE ECONOMIC INSECT REPORT HIGHLIGHTS Current Conditions GREENBUG heavy on small grain in north Texas. (p. 31). RANGE CRANE FLY heavy in 50,000 acres of rangeland in California. (p. 31). ALFALFA WEEVIL larvae damaged alfalfa in north and central Texas. (p. 31). Detection New State records include LESPEDEZA CYST NEMATODE from Tennessee (p. 32) and PINE TUBE MOTH from Missouri (p. 32). For new county record see page 33. Special Reports Survey Methods. Selected References for First Half of 1970. Part XXxIII. (pp. 35-40). Imported Fire Ant Quarantine. Map. Centerfold. 2K OK KK KK OK OK NOTE: Beginning in this issue, changes in names of insects are in accordance with the new list of "Common Names of Insects" as approved by The Entomological Society of America and issued December 1970. Reports in this issue are for week ending January 15 unless otherwise indicated. =| 96) = = 8 = CONTENTS Special Insects of Regional Significance........ Sd0g00d0D000000 G000g00000000000 31 Insects Affecting Corn, Sorghum, Sugarcane..........«.-. 31 Deciduous Fruits and Nuts...... 00 0ee Turf, Pastures, Rangeland...........31 Small Frudts............. Sa0000g00 32 Forage Legumes.............- So edouoN Bil. OCrMAMOArAIS 60000000 oo 0000 EO 5 G0 0 32 SOWOOATIS occoaddcoocdbodOd0ddc0 bo Q0008 .32 Forest and Shade Trees............02 COULTON oob0000000000 oo0D0000 do0o0d 56O | Wea eincl AiMIMAMS > o5000cacdd000 po00 owe) Cole Crops. =. 3. .- soobDDuddOUdOODOObOSe SwOMaGC! IBPOCMEUScocods500 nodGoGN 5000 oa Federal and State Pillant Protection) Programs)... 3. «<< «ele eee pos anb0gadOe bo.0 0080) Dee citHoneerencsiekenelere s000000000000000000 gonaddo agoac00 p90000d000000 So 000050 co00 oes Light Trap Collections. ao OD Abooandoooo0UGd od000000C cod00D0bDODS ododooddoO> 5088) Hawaii Insect Report. , So0000000000 SOolDdOM OO boo eooO OOOO UUUOO OOOO NO S05 00 owe! Survey Methods. Selected References for First Half OR 1970. Part “XXXTIT. 500m 8) Imported Fire Ant Quarantine. Map. Centerfold. NATIONAL WEATHER SERVICE'S 30-DAY OUTLOOK MID-JANUARY TO MID-FEBRUARY 1971 The National Weather Service's 30-day outlook for mid-January to mid-February is for temperatures to average below seasonal normals over the eastern half of the Nation and also the northern Plains, Above normal temperatures are indicated for central and southern portions of the intermountain region and the Pacifie coast, and also most of the southern Plains. Elsewhere near normal temperatures are in prospect, Precipitation is expected to exceed normal over the Atlantic and east Gulf Coast States as well as the Pacific Northwest, the central Pacific coast and western portions of the northern Plains, Subnormal totals are in prospect for the southern Rockies and the southern Plains. In unspecified areas near normal precipitation is expected. Weather forecast given here is based on the official 30-day "Resume and Outlook" published twice a month by the National Weather Service. You can subscribe through the Superintendent of Documents, Washington, D.C. 20250. Price $5.00 a year, WEATHER OF THE WEEK ENDING JANUARY 18 HIGHLIGHTS: Miserable weather occurred in most northern and central areas last week. The South was exceedingly pleasant. PRECIPITATION: Early in week aS Snow continued in New England, another arctic outbreak brought windy wet weather to the West. Rain fell along the coast with snow in western mountain areas and eastward to the Great Lakes. At midweek, snow fell along the coast accumulating to 14 inches at Astoria, Oregon, by Wednesday morning. At noon Wednesday, a front extended from the North Central States to the Carolinas with miserable weather on both sides of it. Snow fell in the Northern States as sleet, freezing rain, or freezing drizzle with fog occurring south of the snow belt. By Thursday morning, freezing precipitation had coated a large area from Illinois to northern and middle Atlantic States with a layer of ice that made walking or driving risky. As the weekend approached, an intense storm off the Pacific coast was bringing heavy precipitation and strong winds to the Northwest. After gusting to 109 m.p.h. at Cape Blanco, Oregon, late Friday, winds slackened somewhat but by Sunday another storm was pounding the Pacific coast with winds up to 60 to 70 m.p.h. The leading edge of a cold air mass set off generous thundershowers in northern Georgia and western South Carolina Thursday. Light precipitation occurred over the Atlantic Coastal States Friday and from the Great Lakes to the Ohio River Saturday.Weather of the week continued on page 34. Scone SPECIAL INSECTS OF REGIONAL SIGNIFICANCE _ BEET LEAFHOPPER (Circulifer tenellus) - CALIFORNIA - Delimiting survey shows populations throughout west side breeding grounds of San Joaquin Valley from Kings and Kern County lines north to Los Banos. Found on southern exposures again after lapse of several years. Some leafhoppers remained in valley floor this fall and now infesting winter breeding grounds. Counts of 2-12 per 10 sweeps in Avenal Gap area of southern Kings County. No treatments in this area since 1966. Counts of 15-25 per 10 sweeps on west side in Kettleman Hills area. Winter control Bean underway, but rain may delay treatment in some locations. (Cal. Coop. Rpt.). CORN EARWORM (Heliothis zea) - TENNESSEE - Control cost, and yield and quality losses to corn during 1970 estimated to be $491,500 and to soybeans $90,000. (Gordon). CORN LEAF APHID (Rhopalosiphum maidis) - TEXAS - Light on small grains in Brazos, Robertson, Milam, Burleson, and Lee Counties. Populations in all fields examined ranged O-5 per linear foot of row. (Green). GREENBUG (Schizaphis graminum) - OKLAHOMA - Ranged 30-40 per linear foot of wheat in Washita and Caddo Counties. Scattered fields sprayed in southwest area. (Okla. Coop. Sur.). TEXAS - Populations heavy in several northern counties. Many fields showed visible damage. Controls applied to several hundred acres of wheat. Cold weather during early January slowed aphid reproduction in northern areas. Popula- tions light in Brazos, Robertson, Milam, Burleson, and Lee Counties. Counts of 10 per linear row foot in some Brazos County fields. Significant populations of braconid wasps noted in fields in Brazos County. (Green, Turney). SPOTTED ALFALFA APHID (Therioaphis maculata) - TEXAS - Ranged up to 100 per 20 sweeps of alfalfa in Brazos and Robertson Counties. (Green). TOBACCO HORNWORM (Manduca sexta) - TENNESSEE - Control cost, and yield and quality losses to tobacco during 1970 estimated to be $215,600. (Gordon). CORN, SORGHUM, SUGARCANE EUROPEAN CORN BORER (Ostrinia nubilalis) - INDIANA - Cornstalk samples from west- central and southwest districts showed larval mortality of 4-17 percent, mostly due to mechanical cornpicker injury. (Meyer). SUGARCANE BORER (Diatraea saccharalis) - FLORIDA - Active on sugarcane in Okeechobee area of Palm Beach County; larvae not yet going into diapause, probably due to lack of cold weather. (Summers, Jan. 8). YELLOW SUGARCANE APHID (Sipha flava) - FLORIDA - Moderately heavy on young sugar- cane in Lake Okeechobee area of Palm Beach County January 8. (Summers). TURF, PASTURES, RANGELAND RANGE CRANE FLY (Tipula simplex) - CALIFORNIA - Populations heavy in Tulare County, 50,000 acres involved. About 500 acres may need immediate treatment and up to 3,000 acres may be treated. Larval counts of 300-400 per square foot. Pupation underway. Many "slicks" obvious on infested slopes of foothill rangeland. (Cal. Coop. Rpt.). FORAGE LEGUMES ALFALFA WEEVIL (Hypera postica) - TEXAS - Larvae on alfalfa in Ellis, Falls, Robertson, and Brazos Counties. Alfalfa about 3 inches tall sevetfely damaged in Falls County. Apparently infestations widespread throughout county. Severe damage noted in all alfalfa examined in Robertson and Brazos Counties. Larvae ranged up to 175 per 20 sweeps in one field in Robertson County. (Green et al.). = 300— TENNESSEE - Control cost, and yield and quality losses to alfalfa during 1970 estimated to be $514,400. (Gordon). KENTUCKY - Eggs averaged 79 per square foot of alfalfa in central areas. (Barnett, Jan. 8). MISSOURI - Eggs per square foot of forage legumes during December in one field each averaged 40.4 in Ste. Genevieve and 22.6 in Laclede Counties. (Munson). INDIANA - Egg deposition did not exceed that observed in December 1969, according to samples taken in mid- December 1970. (Wilson). Square-foot sample from Sullivan County yielded 64 eggs, slightly less than number of H. punctata (clover leaf weevil) eggs. (Meyer). PEA APHID (Acyrthosiphon pisum) - INDIANA - Collected 30 immatures per square foot in soil Samples, which included 3-inch alfalfa foliage, from Gibson County on January 6. (Meyer). LESPEDEZA CYST NEMATODE (Heterodera lespedezae) - TENNESSEE - Cysts collected from lespedeza on farm at Brownsville, Haywood County, by Patrick January 11, 1971. Determined by A.M. Golden. This is a new State record. (PPD). SOYBEANS BEAN LEAF BEETLE (Cerotoma trifurcata) - INDIANA - Adults 1 per 5 samples of duff (4 inches in diameter) in wheat and weed stubble, fence rows, and ditches in west-central and southwest districts. (Meyer). COTTON BOLL WEEVIL (Anthonomus grandis) - TENNESSEE - Control cost, and yield and quality losses to cotton during 1970 estimated to be $1,666,200. (Gordon). BOLLWORM (Heliothis zea) - TENNESSEE - Control cost, and yield and quality losses to cotton during 1970 estimated to be $2,525,500. (Gordon). COLE CROPS TURNIP APHID (Hyadaphis pseudobrassicae) - FLORIDA - Heavy on Chinese cabbage at Belle Glade, Palm Beach County. Caused extreme stunting and death to many plants; situation has existed about 30 days; counts show 150-200 aphids (mostly nymphs) per square inch on undersurface of leaf. (Janes, Jan. 8). DECIDUOUS FRUITS AND NUTS WOOLLY APPLE APHID (Eriosoma lanigerum) - CALIFORNIA - Counts of 1,000 per limb on scattered apple trees throughout orchard at Julian, San Diego County. (Cal. Coop. Rpt.). SMALL FRUITS TWOSPOTTED SPIDER MITE (Tetranychus urticae) - FLORIDA - Building up on straw- berries at Plant City, Hillsborough County, and Bradenton, Manatee County. (Poe, Janie oie ORNAMENTALS A SOFT SCALE (Saissetia miranda) - CALIFORNIA - Counts of 8 eggs, nymphs, and adults per leaf on Ficus lyrata (fiddleleaf fig) nursery stock at Fallbrook, San Diego County. (Cal. Coop. Rpt.). FOREST AND SHADE TREES PINE TUBE MOTH (Argyrotaenia pinatubana) - MISSOURI - Larvae collected from white pine at Chesterfield, St. Louis County, by F. Courtney. Adult emerged December 18, 1970. Reared and determined by W.S. Craig. This is a new State record. (Munson). 253085 MAN AND ANIMALS SCREWWORM (Cochliomyia hominivorax) - No cases reported in U.S. January 10-16. Total of 153 laboratory—confirmed cases reported in portion of Barrier Zone in Republic of Mexico as follows: Sonora 119, Chihuahua 15, Coahuila 2, Nuevo Leon 1, Tamaulipas 16. Total of 19 cases reported in Mexico south of Barrier Zone. Barrier Zone is area where eradication operation underway to prevent establish- ment of self-sustaining population in U.S. Sterile screwworm flies released: Texas 7,868,000; Mexico 109,642,000. (Anim. Health Div.). COMMON CATTLE GRUB (Hypoderma lineatum) - OKLAHOMA - Ranged 0-22 per head (averaged 8) on yearling steers in Payne County. Light in Mayes and Choctaw Counties. (Okla. Coop. Sur.). FACE FLY (Musca autumnalis) - CALIFORNIA - Adults hibernating in groups of 500+ in food storage tank on ranch at Willows, Glenn County. (Cal. Coop. Rpt.). CLUSTER FLY (Pollenia rudis) - MARYLAND - Annoying populations infesting several homes in Prince Georges and Montgomery Counties. (U. Md., Ent. Dept.). HOG LOUSE (Haematopinus suis) - MISSISSIPPI - Averaged 1.5 behind each ear on 30 head of hogs at State College, Oktibbeha County. (Sartor). TROPICAL RAT MITE (Ornithonyssus bacoti) - CALIFORNIA - Hundreds found on walls in residence at Sacramento, Sacramento County. Some of inhabitants being bitten. Cold weather probably restricts rat activity outside. (Cal. Coop. Rpt.). BROWN DOG TICK (Rhipicephalus sanguineus) - MARYLAND - Isolated infestations in Baltimore, Prince Georges, and Anne Arundel Counties. Controls required. (U. Md., Ent. Dept.). STORED PRODUCTS POTATO TUBERWORM (Phthorimaea operculella) - ALABAMA - Larvae light in farm stored potatoes in De Kalb County, December 1970. Additional survey and controls planned. This is a new county record. (Barnett, Spears). FEDERAL AND STATE PLANT PROTECTION PROGRAMS GOLDEN NEMATODE (Heterodera rostochiensis) - NEW YORK - Found 3 potato fields infested on Long Island during period January 8-14. Total of 95 acres involved in the Cutchogue and Mattituck areas of Suffolk County. (PPD). WHITE GARDEN SNAIL (Theba pisana) - CALIFORNIA - First of 4 bait applications being applied to 15 city blocks. Last live snail recorded in 1968. Excessive rains should activate snails if any present. This is final year of treatment if no live snails found in eradication area at Manhattan Beach, Los Angeles County. (Cal. Coop. Rpt). DETECTION New State Records - LESPEDEZA CYST NEMATODE (Heterodera lespedezae) TENNESSEE - Haywood County (p. 32). PINE TUBE MOTH (Argyrotaenia pinatubana) MISSOURI - St. Louis County (p. 32). New County Record - POTATO TUBERWORM (Phthorimaea operculella) ALABAMA - De Kalb p. 33). LIGHT TRAP COLLECTIONS FLORIDA - Gainesville, 1/8-13, BL - Black cutworm (Agrotis ipsilon) 3, granulate cutworm (Feltia subterranea) 4. =o Syl. — HAWAII INSECT REPORT General Vegetables - BEET ARMYWORM (Spodoptera exigua) light to moderate in green onion fields, about 15-20 percent of leaves infested, at Waimanalo and Waianae, Oahu. Larval mines of LEAFMINER FLIES (Liriomyza spp.) heavy, especially on older leaves, in 0.1 acre of tomato at Kahului, Maui, Mines light in 1 acre of 12-inch plants of same crop at Waianae; adults 1 per 2 plants. Mines moderate, 50 per- cent of older leaves heavily infested, in 0.25 acre each of cucumber and zucchini at Kahului, Maui. (Miyahira, Kawamura). Adults of GREEN PEACH APHID (Myzus persicae) light in 0.1 acre of bell pepper at Kahului; 75 percent mummified by a braconid. (Miyahira). Fruits and Nuts -— COCONUT SCALE (Aspidiotus destructor) light on older fronds of 25 coconut trees at Hawaii Kai, Oahu; nymphs of Telsimia nitida (a lady beetle) abundant amid scale colonies. A. destructor still trace in papaya fields at Waimanalo, (Kawamura) . Beneficial Insects - All stages of a LADY BEETLE (Coccinella septempunctata brucki) moderate in 0.5 acre of daikon (Raphanus sativus lLongipinnatus) moderately infested with Myzus persicae (green peach aphid). Heavy parasitism by a BRACONID (Lysiphlebus testaceipes) of heavy population of Aphis gossypii (cotton aphid) which infested inflorescence of Panicum sp. at Hanapepe, Kauai. (Sugawa). Galls of LANTANA GALL FLY (Eutreta xanthochaeta) up to 4 per foot of branch of Lantana camara in wastelands at Manele Bay, Lanai, and Kaaawa, Oahu. Larval mines of LANTANA HISPID (Uroplata girardi) heavy on lantana in pastures at Nahiku, Maui, and Kaaawa. Adults light at Kaaawa; about 10 per 4-foot bush. (Ah Sam, Miyahira, Kashiwai). Miscellaneous Pests - Collected 6 specimens (1 adult and 5 nymphs) of a REDUVIID BUG (Alloeocranum biannulipes) in March 1969 at Kalihi, Oahu, by D. Tsuda from tenebrionid infested grain. A. biannulipes first collected by R. Perkins at Waianae, and reported in State in 1901. Two additional specimens collected by E. Sawa in Barbers Point area during 1954. Recovered 1,000+ adults of a SCIARID FLY (Sciara garretti) from light traps at Ewa and Waipahu, Oahu, during first week of January. (Au) Weather of the week continued from page 30. TEMPERATURE: Cold air continued to pour into the Northern States from Canada. The mercury at Cut Bank, Montana, plunged to below zero Saturday morning January 9 and remained below zero until Friday. Temperatures at Cut Bank from Monday to Thursday ranged from 33° Wednesday morning to 17° below zero Tuesday and Thursday afternoons, Bismarck, North Dakota, registered 35° below zero Friday morning. The coldest temperature that has come to our attention is 39° below zero at Stillwater Reservoir, New York, Wednesday morning. On Tuesday morning, subzero weather occurred over the Great Plains as far south as Nebraska. Subfreezing temperatures occurred along the Mexican border on Monday and Thursday mornings. In sharp contrast to bone chilling temperatures that prevailed from Montana to New England is the near record warmth in portions of the South, Southern Texas registered temperatures in the 80's on almost every afternoon. Weekly mean temperatures were below normal from the Continental Divide in Montana and Wyoming to the Atlantic Ocean. Much of the northern and central Great Plains averaged 10° to 22° colder than normal. Above normal temperatures prevailed west of the Continental Divide and across the southern half of the Nation. Parts of Texas and Louisiana averaged 10° to 12° warmer than normal. (Summary Supplied by Environ- mental Data Service, ESSA.) ES CONSULT YO} PLANT PROT] YOUR COUNT} REGARDING if REGULATION) MOVING REG| U.S. DEPARTMENT OF AGRICULTURE AGRICULTURAL RESEARCH SERVICE PLANT PROTECTION DIVISION COOPERATING WITH AFFECTED STATES | | | & SECIS. Revised October 12, 1970 | | | IMPORTED FIRE ANT QUARNTINES aa hE Wea Ee pr SER EL Hw Wether z Tage = perme = va ff cove, BES lip SSRN St rary fe =r fense en eee gE a ees, Ser 4 tee ee ee SP ey aS fi REGULATED; COUNTIES COUNTIES ENTIRELY COLORED ARE COMPLETELY WITH COLORED DOT ARE PARTIALLY REGULATED GENERALLY INFESTED AREA--STATE AND FEDERAL REGULATIONS, ey (ERADICATION TREATMENTS NOT IN PROGRESS OR PLANNED) SUPPRESSIVE AREA--STATE AND FEDERAL REGULATIONS, pe | (ERADICATION TREATMENTS PLANNED OR IN PROGRESS) STATE REGULATIONS ONLY. (ERADICATION TREATMENTS ae PLANNED OR IN PROGRESS) ; GJ: ERADICATED--REGULATIONS REMOVED. RESTRICTIONS ARE IMPOSED ON MOVEMENT OF REGULATED ARTICLES FROM A REGULATED AREA AS FOLLOWS: CONSULT YOUR STATE OR FEDERAL PLANT PROTECTION INSPECTOR OR fies Se RED any GRU YOUR COUNTY AGENT FOR ASSISTANCE OUGH GREEN, BLUE, OR WHITE. . FROM GREEN INTO OR THROUGH WHITE OR BLUE. REGARDING EXACT AREAS UNDER U.S. DEPARTMENT OF AGRICULTURE . GREEN INTO GREEN. CE AGRICULTURAL RESEARCH SERVI PLANT PROTECTION DIVISION COOPERATING WITH AFFECTED STATES REGULATION AND REQUIREMENTS FOR MOVING REGULATED ARTICLES. . WITHIN GREEN.* - FROM BLUE INTO ANY OTHER AREA. ** a) - WD ine) *IF REQUIRED BY AN AUTHORIZED INSPECTOR. *IF REQUIRED BY APPROPRIATE STATE QUARANTINE OR BY AN AUTHORIZED INSPECTOR. Revised October 12, 1970 SEE REVERSE SIDE FOR REQUIREMENTS CONCERNING CERTIFICATION OF REGULATED ARTICLES. *SuTTpuey peqtzosead zeujo Io ZutueeTo 10e4qse uotTzeysegut OF pesodxse 7ou JT qdmextx~ -zoqoadsut ue wory peutezqo oq Lew squeTd gutsseooid pue soT10ze.togeT peyeustsep OF SB UOT} SULOFSUT% VGA LIWdad YO FivOIMd ova YaAGNA S(MLVOIGNI SV Idaoxad ANNO STIOLLYV YO SdOwO ONIMOTION AHL GHAON Fd LSOW SVAUV CHLSaINI ATIVAANAD WOM SURVEY METHODS Selected References for First Half of 1970 Part XXXIII Additional copies of Parts I through XXXIII of this bibliography are available from Economic Insect Survey and Detection. POPULATION MEASUREMENT RANEY, H. G., EIKENBARY, R. D. and FLORA, N. W. 1970. Population density of the pecan weevil under 'Stuart' pecan trees. J. Econ. Ent. 63(3) :697-700. Methods used to estimate populations included SPECHT, H. B. 1970. The apple aphid, Aphis pomi (Homoptera: Aphididae) , popu- lation on apple under autumnal conditions in a controlled environment cabinet. Canad. Ent. 102(5) :623-627. STRONG, R,. G, 1970. Distribution and relative abundance of stored-product insects in California: a method of obtaining sample populations. J. Econ. Ent. 63 (2) :591-596. THOMPSON, P, H. and PECHUMAN, L, L, 1970. Sampling populations of Tabanus quingquetvittaus about horses in New Jersey, with notes on the identity and ecology. J. Econ. Ent. 63(1):151-155. Should be Tabanus quinquevittatus. FORECASTING ROBERTS, S. J., DEWITT, J. R. and ARMBRUST, E. J. 1970. Predicting spring hatch of the alfalfa weevil. J. Econ. Ent. 63(3) :921-923. REARING CHIPPENDALE, G. M. 1970. Development of artificial diets for rearing the Angoumois grain moth. J. Econ. Ent. 63(3) :844-848. COUDRIET, D. L, 1970. Rearing the orange tortrix on a synthetic diet. J. Econ. Ent. 63(3) :1004-1005. FREDEEN, F, J. H. and GLEN, G, S. 1970. The survival and development of Leptocera caenosa (Diptera: Sphaeroceridae) in laboratory cultures. Canad, Ent. 102(2) :164=171. GARDINER, L. M. 1970. Rearing wood-boring beetles (Cerambycidae) on artificial dict. Canad. Enit. LO2@))i 13 Wil. GREENBERG, B. 1970. Sterilizing procedures and agents, antibiotics and inhibi- tors in mass rearing of insects. Ent. Soc. Amer. Bul. 16(1) :31-36. GREENE, G, L, 1970. Hatching of bean leaf roller eggs as influenced by insect diet components. J. Econ. Ent. 63(1):321. HARRIS, R, H. G. 1970. Rearing Numicia viridis Muir (Homoptera: Tropiduchidae) in captivity. Ent. Soc. South. Afr. J. 33(1) :49-52. = a5) = *SutTpuey peqtazosead JeyjO IO BuTueseToO Jaeqje uotyzeqysajut of pesodxs you jt ydmoexqy, *zozoedsut uve WOIT peuteqqo oq Aeu squeTd Zutsssooid pue Satzojeroqey, peqeustsep 04 se UOT BULIOTUT, *petstjou os useq sey joeteyy uotssassod ut uoszed 3y4 pus que aati pezzodwt ey, Jo peeids jo prezey Be queserd Lay yeyA TOJOedsuT ue fq peuTMUIeJep ST YT USM SaAoqe 344 Aq PeTEeACD You ‘TeAs.OS4eYM TOeVORIeYO fue jo asouefeauod Jo suvew JO ‘saToTyre ‘sqyonpoid azeyj0 Auy °¢ *queudtnbs SuTAOCU-[TTOs pezTueyoow pespn °*2 “THOS MING °T : : *CNNOU-UVAA DINNAd Yo GLVOIMT LY YACNN AHAON FA LSMW SVANV AAISSAYddNS WOMT SHIOLINV DNIMOTTON FHL *petstzou os useq sey josreyzy uotssessod ut uosazed ay4 pue 4ue saty peqyzodmt eyy Jo peoruds Jo prezey ev quesead Aayy 4eu4 Iojyoedsut ue fq peuTWzezep ST 4T UsuM ‘aaoqe 344 Aq pazteacd you ‘zraAe0syeumM Je ,oereyo Aue Jo souefsauod JO suvsew IO ‘saToOTqyue ‘sqonpoad ZTayyj0o Auy °*) *poqutedsr pue pouveto jr xx¥}duexe st qusudtnbe ZuTAou-Ttos peztueuosm pesn *quoudtnbs SuTACU-TTOs paeztueyoou pasy 9 x*queTd Zutssso0id 8 02 peu#tsuod st pooadum4s Suz PUB pEeyBerZ Ussq Sey 94TS FuUTpecT peor ter 3yu4 peptaoad xxjduexe st ‘TTos JO squnome saTssaoxe Jo saz Jt *‘pooadumys *peyeery useq sey 3a4ts BSuTpeoyT peor ter 3uy peptaoidy,, .dmexe ore poomdtnd pue s¥o7 *poomdumys pue ‘poomdtnd ‘s30T °s *Sutppeq IO BSuTyoed roy posn Jt, dMexS are AvIjs pue Aey “Meays pue fey “th *pos sseiy °¢ *“S300l UZTA squeTg -2 *pesserdmoo zo ‘peztzeatnd ‘punoz@ ‘peqzerpAuep Jt xx7dilexe ore qyeod pue ‘sramu ‘omuew pesodmosap ‘4sodmo, **QfUted Jo eqeoTsIqIeo Jo queMyDeI3e |aztmbsz OU OP SStiozeroge, peacidde o2 paddtus satdmwes [tog . Z : "S2UTU2 Zeu320 UWTM 10 fTaqezedes “380d pue *‘yonm ‘srumu ‘simue DPesocamoosp ‘asodmoo ‘Tt0s T “CSLVOIGNT SV Ids30xe GNNOU-HvaA Linea 4O FZIVOLATINAD yaaNN CGSAQN SG ISON SVEUV GEISSANT XTIVEENED WOR SZIOLIYY 4O SdOHD DNIMOTION aHL = 88 = HERBERT, E. W., BICKLEY, W. E. and SHIMANUKI, H. 1970. The brood-rearing capability of caged honey bees fed dandelion and mixed pollen diets. J. Econ. Ent. 63(1) :215-218. JACKLIN, S. W. and YONCE, C,. E. 1970. Emergence, longevity, and fecundity of adult plum curculio reared from two sizes of larvae at two temperatures in soil with a range of moisture. J. Econ. Ent. 63(2) :673-674. JACOBSON, L, A. 1970. Laboratory ecology of the red-backed cutworm Euxoa ochrogaster (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae). Canad. Ent. 102(1):85-89. LAING, D. R. and HAGEN, K. S. 1970. A xenic, partially synthetic diet for the oriental fruit moth, Grapholitha molesta (Lepidoptera: Olethreutidae). Canad. Ent. 102(2) :250-252. Includes rearing LEWIS, W. J. and BURTON, R. L. 1970. Rearing Microplitis croceipes in the laboratory with Heliothis zea as hosts. J. Econ. Ent, 63 (2) :656-658., LUM, P, T, M. and FLAHERTY, B, R. 1970. Regulating oviposition by Plodia interpunctella in the laboratory by light and dark conditions. J. Econ. Ent. 63 (1) :236-239., Rearing included REDFERN, R. E. and RAULSTON, J. R. 1970. Improved rearing techniques for the southern armyworm. J. Econ. Ent. 63(1) :296-297. RIDGWAY, R. L., MORRISON, R. K. and BADGLEY, M. 1970. Mass rearing a green lacewing. J. Econ. Ent. 63(3) :834-836. ROLLINSON, W. D., HUBBARD, H. B., JR, and LEWIS, F. B, 1970. Mass rearing of the European pine sawfly for production of the nuclear polyhedrosis virus, J. Econ. Ent. 63(1) :343-344. SCHROEDER, W. J. 1970. Rearing the pecan bud moth on artificial diet. J. Econ. Ent. 63(2) :650-651. SCHWARTZ, P. H., JR. and JURIMAS, J. P. 1970. An inexpensive machine for dispensing soil and water into l-oz plastic cups used to rear Japanese beetles in the laboratory. J. Econ. Ent. 63(3) :992-993. SHANDS, W. A., HOLMES, R, L. and SIMPSON, G. W. 1970. Improved laboratory production of eggs of Coccinella septempunctata. J. Econ. Ent. 63(1) :315-317. SKELTON, T. E. and HUNTER, P. E. 1970. Laboratory rearing and reproduction of the spotted cucumber beetle. J. Econ. Ent. 63(3) :948-950. STEWART, P, A. and BAKER, A. P,, JR. 1970. Rate of growth of larval tobacco hornworms reared on tobacco leaves and on artificial diet. J. Econ. Ent. 63 (2) :535-536. TOBA, H. H., KISHABA, A. N. and PANGALDAN, R, 1970. A rating system for evaluating the suitability of larval diets for cabbage loopers. J. Econ, Ent. 63 (3) :759-760. TZANAKAKIS, M. E., ECONOMOPOULOS, A. P, and TSITSIPIS, J. A. 1970. Rearing and nutrition of the olive fruit fly. 1. Improved larval diet and simple containers. J. Econ, Ent. 63(1) :317-318. WISEMAN, B, R., MCMILLIAN, W. W. and BOWMAN, M, C, 1970. Retention of labora- tory diets containing corn kernels or leaves of different ages by larvae of the corn earworm and the fall armyworm. J. Econ. Ent. 63(3) :731-732. - 37 - EQUIPMENT AND TECHNIQUES BAILEY, D, L. 1970. Forced air for separating pupae of house flies from rearing medium. J. Econ. Ent. 63(1) :331-333. BEAVERS, J. B. and OLDFIELD, G, N. 1970. Portable platforms for watering leaves in acrylic cages containing small leaf-feeding arthropods. J. Econ. Ent, 63 (1) :312-313. COAKER, T, H, and DODD, G. D. 1970. An apparatus for dispensing mechanically the eggs of the cabbage root fly (Erioischia brassicae (Bch.) (Dipt., Muscidae)). Bul, Ent. Res. 59(4):703-705. DATERMAN, G, E, 1970. An improved technique for mating European pine shoot moth, Rhyacionia buoliana (Lepidoptera: Olethreutidae) in the laboratory. Canad. Ent. 102(5) :541-545. FLITTERS, N. E. 1970. Method of providing multiple photoperiodic regimens for studies of diapause in a bioclimatic cabinet. J. Econ. Ent. 63(3) :999-1000. HENDRICKS, D. E. and GRAHAM, H. M. 1970. Oil-soluble dye in larval diet for tagging moths, eggs, and spermatophores of tobacco budworms. J. Econ. Ent, 63 (3) :1019-1020. HOWER, A. A., JR. and FERRER, F, R. 1970. An artificial oviposition technique for the alfalfa weevil. J. Econ. Ent. 63(3) :761-764. JAYCOX, E, R. 1970. Collecting and counting honey bees with a vacuum cleaner, J. Econ. Ent. 63(1) :327-328. KRING, J. B. 1970. Dialyzing membrane for aphid cages. J. Econ. Ent. 63 (3) :1032-1033. LAMANSKY, K. W. and DOLPHIN, R. E. 1970. Improved method of puncturing thinning apples used to rear the lesser peach tree borer. J. Econ. Ent. 63(1) :307- 308. MOOREHEAD, G, E. and MALTBY, H. L. 1970. A container for releasing Anaphes flavipes from parasitized eggs of Oulema melanopus. J. Econ. Ent. 63 (2) :675-676. PHILLIPS, J. H. H. and PROCTOR, J. R. 1970. Development of methods for sampling the oriental fruit moth, Grapholitha molesta (Lepidoptera: Tortricidae) , in an Ontario peach orchard. Canad. Ent. 102(4) :454-471. PROVERBS, M. D. and LOGAN, D. M. 1970. A rotating oviposition cage for the codling moth, Carpocapsa pomonella. Canad. Ent. 102(1) :42-49. RIDGWAY, W. O. and WHITTAM, D. 1970. A scale collection method for pink boll- worm moth holding cages. J. Econ. Ent. 63(3) :1012-1013. SCHWARTZ, P, H., JR. and JURIMAS, J. P. 1970. An inexpensive machine for dispensing soil and water into l-oz plastic cups used to rear Japanese beetles in the laboratory. J. Econ. Ent. 63(3) :992-993. SMITH, ES F., WEBB) FR. E.; BOSWELL, A. L. and COMBS, G. F., JR. 1970. A circular rotating cage for obtaining uniform oviposition by Liriomyza munda in exposed plants. J. Econ. Ent. 63(2) :655-656. STEWART, P. A., BAUMHOVER, A. H., BENNETT, L. S. and HOBGOOD, J. M., JR. 1970 A method of sexing larvae of tobacco and tomato hornworms. J. Econ. Ent. 63(3): 994-995, == eae SWOYER, G, F. 1970. A simple technique for making insect-testing cages. J. Econ, Ent. 63(2) :679-680. TARDIF, R. and SECREST, J. P, 1970. Devices for cleaning and counting eggs of the gypsy moth. J. Econ. Ent. 63(2) :678-679. TIMBERS, G, E. and DANKS, H. V. 1970. A liquid-nitrogen operated chamber for insect supercooling studies. Canad, Ent. 102(1) :90-94. WONG, T. T. Y. and CLEVELAND, M. L, 1970. Fluorescent powder for marking deciduous fruit moths for studies of dispersal. J. Econ. Ent. 63(1) :338-339. TRAPS BATISTE, W. C. 1970. A timing sex-pheromone trap with Special reference to codling moth collections. J. Econ, Ent. 63(3) :915-918. BERTRAM, D. S., VARMA, M, G. R., PAGE, R. C,. and HEATHCOTE, O, H. U. 1970. A betalight trap for mosquito larvae. Roy. Soc. Trop. Med. and Hyg. Trans. 64(1): 26. DAVIES, J. B. 1970. Two traps for biting Diptera currently in use in Trinidad. Roy. Soc. Trop. Med. and Hyg. Trans. 64(1):25-26. DEBOLT, J. W. 1970. Dispensers for baiting traps equipped with blacklight lamps with synthetic sex pheromone of the female cabbage looper. J. Econ. Ent. 63 (1) :141-144. FARIAS, G. J. and NAKAGAWA, S. 1970. Host vs. nonhost plants as sites for baited traps for Mediterranean fruit flies. J. Econ, Ent. 63(2) :662-663, GOONEWARDENE, H, F., ZEPP, D. B. and GROSVENOR, A, E. 1970. Virgin female Japanese beetles as lures in field traps. J. Econ. Ent. 63(3):1001-1003. HOY, J. B. 1970. Trapping the stable fly by using CO J. Econ. Ent. 63(3) :792-795. 2 OF CO as attractants. MORGAN, N. O., PICKENS, L. G., and THIMIJAN, R, W. 1970. House flies and stable flies captured by two types of traps. J. Econ. Ent. 63(2) :672-673. POWERS, W. J. and HILTY, J. W. 1970. A plastic cylindrical sticky trap for collecting alate aphids. J. Econ. Ent. 63(3) :998. STEWART. PAY) and) GAM. Je dic Jk Lo70. Captune ot (forest) insects in) ithraps equipped with blacklight lamps. J. Econ. Ent. 63(3) :871-873. THIMIJAN, R, W., PICKENS, L, G, and MORGAN, N. O. 1970. A trap for house IIS. By WoC, Wine, Bd(S) IUGHOSIOBIL TOBA, H. H., KISHABA, A, N., WOLF, W. W. and GIBSON, T. 1970. Spacing of sereen traps baited with synthetic sex pheromone of the cabbage looper. J. Econ. Ent. 63(1):197-200. WHITE, L. D., BACKUS, D. A. and HUTT, R. B. 1970. Damage to fruit and leaves of apple trees caused by bactericidal ultraviolet light used to trap codling moths. J. Econ. Ent. 63(3):1003-1004. SUB OS ATTRACTANTS CADE, S. C., HRUTFIORD, B. F. and GARA, R. I. 1870. Identification of a primary attractant for Gnathotrichus sulcatus isolated from western hemlock logs. Je eon. Ent. 63/(3)):101l4=1oOlbs DEAN, R. W. and ROELOFS, W, L. 1970. Synthetic sex pheromone of the red-banded leaf roller moth as a survey tool. J. Econ. Ent. 63(2) :684-686. DOOLITTLE, R, E., KEISER, I, and MIYASHITA, D. H, 1970. Comparative attract- iveness to the melon fly of mixtures of cue-lure and 4-(p-Hydroxpheny1) -2- butanone, J. Econ. Ent. 63(1) :339-340. GLASS, E. H., ROELOFS, W. L., ARN, H. and COMEAU, A, 1970. Sex pheromone trapping red-banded leaf roller moths and development of a long-lasting poly- ethylene wick. J. Econ. Ent. 63(2) :370-373. GOONEWARDENE, H. F. 1970. Effect of wick area on attractancy of some lures for the Japanese beetle. J. Econ. Ent. 63(2) :663-665. HAMILTON, D. W., SCHWARTZ, P, H., TOWNSHEND, B. G. and JESTER, C. W. 1970. Attractants for Japanese beetles screened in the field 1965-67. J. Econ. Ent. 63 (3) :832-834. HARDEE, D. D., CLEVELAND, T, C., DAVIS, J. W. and CROSS, W. H. 1970. Attrac- tion of boll weevils to cotton plants and to males fed on three diets. J. Econ. Ent. 63(3) :990-991. HOLBROOK, F, R,, STEINER, L, F., FUJIMOTO, M. S. and CUNNINGHAM, R, T. 1970. Effects of location on responses of male melon flies to fiberboard blocks impregnated with cue-lure, a male attractant. J. Econ. Ent. 63(3) :869-870. HOY, J. B. 1970, Trapping the stable fly by using CO, or CO as attractants. J. Econ, Ent. 63(3) :792-795. JACOBSON, M., SCHWARZ, M. and WATERS, R, M. 1970. Gypsy moth sex attractants: a reinvestigation. J. Econ. Ent. 63(3) :943-945. KE SHAB Al Mr A Ne pas LOB Ap Hens Hn WOE Wen iWee mands VAI PE Vi elo“ Response ot laboratory-reared male cabbage looper to synthetic sex pheromone in the field. Je Heon. Ent. 63iG) 2178-181. KRING, J. B. 1970. Red spheres and yellow panels combined to attract apple maggot flies. J. Econ. Ent. 63(2) :466-469. LADD, T. L., JR. 1970. Sex attraction in the Japanese beetle. J. Econ, Ent. 63 (3) :905-908. MCDONOUGH, L. M., GEORGE, D. A., and LANDIS, B. J. 1970. Partial structure of two sex pheromones of the corn earworm, Heliothis zea. J. Econ. Ent. 63(2): 408-412. MCGOVERN, T. P., FIORI, B., BEROZA, M. and INGANGI, J. C, 1970. Propyl 1,4- Benzodioxan-2-carboxylate, a new attractant for the European chafer. J. Econ. Ent. 63(1) :168-171. NAKAGAWA, S., FARIAS, G. J. and STEINER, L. F, 1970. Response of female Mediterranean fruit flies to male lures in the relative absence of males. J. Econ, Ent. 63(1) :227-229. = 40 = PETTERSSON, J. 1970. An aphid sex attractant. I. Biological studies. Entomo- logica Scand. 1(1) :63-73. REDFERN, R, E., BUTT, B, A. and CANTU, E. 1970. Bioassay of the sex pheromone of the southern armyworm. J. Econ, Ent. 63(2) :658. REJESUS, R. S. and REYNOLDS, H. T. 1970. Demonstration of the presence of a female sex pheromone in the cotton leaf perforator. J. Econ. Ent. 63(3) :961-964. ROELOFS, W. L. and COMEAU, A. 1970. Lepidopterous sex attractants discovered by field screening tests. J. Econ. Ent. 63(3) :969-974. SNOW, W. F. 1970. The effect of a reduction in expired carbon dioxide on the attractiveness of human subjects to mosquitoes. Bul. Ent. Res. 60(1) :43-48. SODERSTROM, E, L, 1970. Effectiveness of green electroluminescent lamps for attracting stored-product insects. J. Econ. Ent. 63(3) :726-731. STATLER, M. W. 1970. Effects of gamma radiation on the ability of the adult female gypsy moth to attract males. J. Econ. Ent. 63(1):163-164. STRUBLE, D. L. 1970. A sex pheromone in the forest tent caterpillar. J.) Eeenk Ent. 63(1) :295-296. STRUBLE, D. L., and JACOBSON, L. A, 1970. A sex pheromone in the red-backed cutworm. J. Econ. Ent. 63(3) :841-844., TASHIRO, H., Beroza, M., MCGOVERN, T., P, and GREEN, N. 1970.Chemicals evaluated as attractants for the European chafer, Amphimallon majalis (Razoumowsky). U.S. Dept. Agr. ARS 33--130. 46 pp. THOMPSON, A. C. and COAUTHORS. 1970. Constituents of the cotton bud. XVI. The attractancy response of the boll weevil to the essential oils of a group of host and nonhost plants. J. Econ, Ent. 63(3) :751-753. Prepared by Economic Insect Survey U.S. Dept. Agr. and Detection Staff Coop. Econ. Ins. Rpt. 21(4) :35-40, 1971 0004 USENLINATA1L22 03001 0001 US ENTOMOLOGY LIBRARY DEPT ENTOM NATIONAL MUSEUM WASHINGTON DC 20560 3 J POSTAGE & FEES PAID s nited States Department of Agriculture ‘ e "sucdl by VOL . 21 No. 5 January 29, 1971 Coopera tive ECONOMIC INSECT REPORT y ra HSE (JUN 21.4971 | Sonat PLANT. PROTECTION DIVISION AGRICULTURAL RESEARCH SERVICE UNITED STATES DEPARTMENT OF AGRICULTURE AGRICULTURAL RESEARCH SERVICE PLANT PROTECTION DIVISION ECONOMIC INSECT SURVEY AND DETECTION The Cooperative Economic Insect Report is issued weekly as a service to American Agriculture. Its contents are compiled from information supplied by cooperating State, Federal, and industrial entomologists and other agricul-— tural workers. In releasing this material the Division serves as a clearing house and does not assume responsi- bility for accuracy of the material. To facilitate mailroom handling, all reports, inquiries, and other matters pertaining to this release, including the mailing list, should be sent to: The Editors, CEIR Economic Insect Survey and Detection Plant Protection Division, ARS, USDA Federal Center Building Hyattsville, Maryland 20782 Volume 21 January 29, 1971 Number 5 COOPERATIVE ECONOMIC INSECT REPORT HIGHLIGHTS Current Conditions GREENBUG required controls in small grain in north Texas. (p. 43). SPOTTED ALFALFA APHID heavy on alfalfa in portion of Oklahoma. (p. 43). RANGE CRANE FLY damage increasing in Tulare County, California. (p. 43). Detection For new county, parish, and island records see page 46. Special Report EUROPEAN CORN BORER increased in 6 of 11 North Central States reporting in 1970. Decreases were recorded in Illinois, Kansas, Missouri, North Dakota, and Ohio. The population in North Dakota is the lowest in that State since 1956, and those in northeast and east-central Kansas the lowest since 1967. The population in Delaware continued to decrease from the record high of 1968. (pp. 47-54). Reports in this issue are for week ending January 22 unless otherwise indicated. =A AGS CONTENTS Special insects (of Resional\ Salpnahal camels yejeie cle elellalola hela) olclaloNolel allel ole! -lelelelelel(ehele ele ieneae Insects Affecting Simaplally Gacabiin'Seeeeweteronene tener weet.) Deciduous Hcussts wand oNUIGS yerelereienenenice—e Turf, Pastures, Rangeland. S05 0000 oss | CiGMUSsocbbodcaddgco0 dD ODDO OOOO OD OFA Forage Legumes..........-c.e- ee he TTS Forest and Shade Trees............44 Sugar Beets..... S000000000 soonoco sds Wam Amel Mamas >oosooooacccc006000 0084 Potatoes, Tomatoes, Peppers. Sod o 000 oss HOUSEMOIICE) eincl SeremOuwIEES 6456060004655) General Vegetables........ SoD0d000000 AVAL fSirp@werexol IOC US 4 oo oO Dd 0D OD DDd DODO oO Benetslchavleminsie Citistrereieieredenenet-telennencn 900000 BOGOOGODDDOODDOODDDCOOO0ADNOODDDNR 245 Federal and State Plant Protection Sree - ROB G'O GOO Suis tousiaielees aver euenae melon Biorioln oso) Hawaii Insect Report. 9000000000010 oo00DDdGODDDD0D00000 SPIT Crore 0.6.00 0 0LG Detection...... 0 5000000000 p0000000000n0000 aliesshiatioWewe ive) \felielloveicercerlovaitelta fous cope RoRomeReMeee Oo) Light Trap Colslecutonsl Sooo HAS OOblO6 00 00.0.0 gocgad0G00D0000" a4 fuiia e\ieneuterereMouemenenere O) WEATHER OF THE WEEK ENDING JANUARY 29 HIGHLIGHTS: The West averaged warmer than normal, the East colder than normal. Heavy Snow fell in the Cascades and generous rains fell in the Great Smokies. PRECIPITATION: Fair weather prevailed over most of the Nation early last week. Precipitation was mostly light and scattered. Rain and strong winds occurred along the Washington and Oregon coast early in week, moving inland to Montana by mid- week. Snow flurries were seen from the northern Great Plains to the Appalachians. Gary, Indiana, found on Tuesday morning that 7 to 8 inches of snow had fallen during the night. Elsewhere from the Great Lakes to New York light snow had also fallen. A frontal system moving into the Pacific Northwest caused rain along the coast with snow in the Cascades. Seventy-five inches of snow fell at Stampede Pass, Washington, in 3 days, Friday to Sunday. This heavy snow set a new record for a 3-day storm at that station. Thunderstorms in the Deep South late Friday and early Saturday left totals of around one inch, and snow squalls dumped several inches of snow in spots in New York, 12 inches at Boonville in 12 hours accompanied by winds gusting to 50 m.p.h. The weather map Sunday at midnight showed rain and freezing rain along the Washington and Oregon coast, scattered snow from the northern Great Plains to New England, light rain in Georgia and South Carolina, and widespread fog from the Great Lakes to the northern portions of the Gulf States. Mostly fair weather prevailed elsewhere. Wide areas from California to Texas and northeastward to Lake Michigan received no precipitation or only light sprinkles or snow flurries during the week. Heaviest rains fell in the vicinity of the Great Smokey Mountains in southeastern Tennessee and western North Carolina, where some totals exceeded 3.00 inches and in the coastal areas of Washington and Oregon where totals ranged from 5.00 to 8.00 inches. TEMPERATURE: Unseasonal warmth occurred over southern California and Arizona early in week. The temperature at Los Angeles, California, climbed to 95° Monday afternoon. This is 5° warmer than the previous January record for Los Angeles and only 3° less than the January record for any spot in the United States. On Tuesday, the temperature at Phoenix and Yuma, Arizona, reached 88° setting new January high-temperature records for those localities. At the other extreme, cold arctic air plunged southward over central and eastern portions of the country. Bemidji, Minnesota, registered 31° below zero and Houlton, Maine, 35° below zero Tuesday morning. Parts of the Northeast remained below zero all day Tuesday, when the midday reading at Caribou, Maine, was minus 5. Subzero temperatures pushed as far southward as northern Missouri where Plies vaALe registered minus 6° Tuesday. Bitter cold pushed far southward over the eastern part of the Nation with subfreezing temperatures occurring in the Florida Everglades Wednesday and Weather of the week continued on page 46. SAG = SPECIAL INSECTS OF REGIONAL SIGNIFICANCE ARMY CUTWORM (Chorizagrotis auxiliaris) - OKLAHOMA - Larvae up to 10 per linear foot of wheat in Kiowa County. Many early instars still present. (Okla. Coop. Sur.). BEET LEAFHOPPER (Circulifer tenellus) - CALIFORNIA - Winter treatment slowed by adverse weather. Currently 6,227 acres treated in western Fresno County. Several acres required treatment in canyons that have not supported populations for few years. Heaviest populations on southern slopes. (Cal. Coop. Rpt.). GREENBUG (Schizaphis graminum) - NEW MEXICO - Light on barley at Hobbs and Lovington, Lea County. (Mathews, Jan. 15). TEXAS - Ranged up to 100 per row foot of wheat in 19 panhandle counties during surveys December 16, 1970, to January 16, 19571. Heaviest counts in Denton, Motley, and Randall Counties. (Daniels). Currently light to heavy in Rolling Plains and north area, some controls applied in Denton County. (Turney). OKLAHOMA - Range per linear foot of wheat: 40-100 in Kiowa and Washita Counties, up to 10 in Noble and Payne Counties. Average per linear foot of barley: 18 in Woodward County and 2 in Texas County. (Okla. Coop. Sur.). ARKANSAS - Survey negative on wheat in Washington County. (Boyer). SPOTTED ALFALFA APHID (Therioaphis maculata) - OKLAHOMA - Remains very heavy, up to 1,000 per square foot, on some Kiowa County alfalfa. Light in Garvin County. (Okla (Coop. Sur). SMALL GRAINS ENGLISH GRAIN APHID (Macrosiphum avenae) - ARKANSAS - Ranged 5-10 per 100 sweeps of wheat in Washington County. (Boyer). TURF, PASTURES, RANGELAND RANGE CRANE FLY (Tipula simplex) - CALIFORNIA - Damage increasing and extends into flatlands of Tulare County. Many hillsides have "slicks" which cover large areas. Estimated that 1,000+ acres of rangeland severely damaged and should be treated. Test application of insecticide brought 250+ male larvae per square foot to surface. No female larvae observed. (Cal. Coop. Rpt.). FORAGE LEGUMES ALFALFA WEEVIL (Hypera postica) - KENTUCKY - Eggs averaged 13 per square foot in several alfalfa fields in Fayette County; first instars noted in these fields week ending January 15. Currently eggs averaged 192 per square foot in 3 fields. (Barnett). TEXAS - Larvae very light on legumes in Denton County. (Turney). PEA APHID (Acyrthosiphon pisum) - NEW MEXICO - Very light on alfalfa at Hobbs and Lovington, Lea County. (Mathews, Jan. 15). ARKANSAS - Survey negative in alfalfa and vetch in Washington County and in crimson clover in Pope County. (Boyer). SUGAR BEETS BEET ARMYWORM (Spodoptera exigua) - CALIFORNIA - Larvae 1 per stem on scattered Sugar beets at Calexico, Imperial County. (Cal. Coop. Rpt.). POTATOES, TOMATOES, PEPPERS TOMATO PINWORM (Keiferia lycopersicella) - ARIZONA - Up to 10 larvae and 5 pupae per tomato leaf in one greenhouse at Phoenix, Maricopa County. Controls applied. (Ariz. Coop. Sur.). FLORIDA - Larvae severe on stems, blooms, and fruit of 0.25 acre of hydroponic tomatoes in Escambia County. Controls unsatisfactory. (Albritton, Jan. 13). = Aaa GENERAL VEGETABLES BEET ARMYWORM (Spodoptera exigua) - CALIFORNIA - Larvae 1 per stalk on scattered onion plants at Holtville, Imperial County. Reports persistent throughout State for several months. (Cal. Coop. Rpt.). DECIDUOUS FRUITS AND NUTS WOOLLY APPLE APHID (Eriosoma lanigerum) - ARKANSAS - Up to 20 per square inch on apple rootstock in WaShington County. (Boyer). PECAN WEEVIL (Curculio caryae) - NEW MEXICO - Collected 3 adults and 2 larvae from sifted soil in infested area at Tularosa, Otero County. (Riddle, Campbell, dieing I5)) 6 CITRUS Quarterly Citrus Insect and Mite Outlook in Florida - January through March - This Outlook is based on the assumption that weather beyond the period of the current National Weather Service 30-day Outlook will be normal. Therefore, the forecasts given below cannot be viewed with the same degree of confidence as those in the "Insect and Disease Summary" usually released twice each month. CITRUS RUST MITE (Phyllocoptruta oleivora) population expected to decrease until mid-February then increase through March. It will remain in high range and above normal much of time. CITRUS RED MITE (Panonychus citri) and TEXAS CITRUS MITE (Eutetranychus banksi) expected to remain near current low levels normal for January and February. Slight increase expected in March with 5 to 10 percent of groves developing heavy infestations. Light infestations of SIXSPOTTED MITE (Eotetranychus sexmaculatus) will occur in February and March in about 3 percent of groves. GLOVER SCALE (Lepidosaphes gloverii), PURPLE SCALE (L. beckii), and CHAFF SCALE (Parlatoria pergandii) will be present in majority of groves but mostly as light infestations. Little change from normal low to moderate level expected until March. YELLOW SCALE (Aonidiella citrina) will increase from low to moderate level January through March in Scattered groves. An ARMORED SCALE (Unaspis citri) will gradually spread and intensify. March population expected to be higher than in any prior month with infestations in 26 percent of groves. Larvae and pupae of WHITEFLIES will increase in February to normal moderate level. Adults will be more abundant than average in March. APHIDS will appear in February. Expected to increase rapidly to above normal level by end of March, especially in cold-damaged groves. (W.A. Simanton (Citrus Expt. Sta., Lake Alfred)). FOREST AND SHADE TREES WESTERN PINE BEETLE (Dendroctonus brevicomis) - CALIFORNIA - Singles and groups of ponderosa and sugar pine trees infested in Bear Meadows, Oak Flat, and Dinkey Creek areas of Sierra National Forest. Estimated 60 trees killed on 640-acre stand. Some tree loss due to water and silt. Damage increasing. (Zwirtz, USFS). ASIATIC OAK WEEVIL (Cyrtepistomus castaneus) - MISSOURI - Adults collected from oak in Dallas County by J. Reese, September 14, 1970. This is a new county record. (Munson). MAN AND ANIMALS SCREWWORM (Cochliomyia hominivorax) - No cases reported in U.S. January 17-23. Total of 74 laboratory-confirmed cases reported in portion of Barrier Zone in Republic of Mexico as follows: Sonora 36, Chihuahua 10, Coahuila 2, Nuevo Leon 2, Tamaulipas 24. Total of 21 cases reported in Mexico south of Barrier Zone. Barrier Zone is area where eradication operation underway to prevent establish-— ment of self-sustaining population in U.S. Sterile screwworm flies released: Texas 2,898,000; Mexico 109,990,000. (Anim. Health Div.). Sn CATTLE GRUBS (Hypoderma spp.) - OKLAHOMA - H. lineatum (common cattle grub) ranged 0-14 per head (average 8) on cattle in Payne County and 5-10 per head in Garvin County. Moderate to heavy on calves in Pottawatomie County and moderate in Mayes County. (Okla. Coop. Sur.). KENTUCKY - Hypoderma spp. ranged 0-15 (averaged 1.7) per animal on backs of Holsteins in Fayette County. (Barnett). HOG LOUSE (Haematopinus suis) - MISSISSIPPI - Averaged 2 behind each ear on 40 head of hogs at State College, Oktibbeha County. (Sartor). NORTHERN FOWL MITE (Ornithonyssus sylviarum) - MISSISSIPPI - Light on caged hens at State College, Oktibbeha County. (Sartor). HOUSEHOLDS AND STRUCTURES PACIFIC DAMPWOOD TERMITE (Zootermopsis angusticollis) - OREGON - Infested sills and joints of Marion County house week of January 15. Colonies well established. (Larson). STORED PRODUCTS INDIAN MEAL MOTH (Plodia interpunctella) - NEW MEXICO - Infestations light to heavy and spotted in feed in mills and stores at Clovis, Curry County. (Mathews). ANGOUMOIS GRAIN MOTH (Sitotroga cerealella) - KENTUCKY - Adults averaged 64 per pound of shelled corn on January 14 at one location in Fayette County. (Barnett). RICE WEEVIL (Sitophilus oryzae) - KENTUCKY - Adults averaged 108 per pound of sacked oats on January 14 at one location in Fayette County. (Barnett). BENEFICIAL INSECTS HONEY BEE (Apis mellifera) - ARIZONA - Inspected 32 apiaries with 1,656 colonies. Found 672 colonies dead; burned 5 due to American foulbrood disease during December 1970. (Ariz. Coop. Sur.). CONVERGENT LADY BEETLE (Hippodamia convergens) - OKLAHOMA - Adults common and active in aphid infested alfalfa in Kiowa County. (Okla. Coop. Sur.). FEDERAL AND STATE PLANT PROTECTION PROGRAMS IMPORTED FIRE ANT (Solenopsis saevissima richteri) - TEXAS - Specimens collected along Interstate Highway I0 in Fayette County by B.D. Smith, January 12, 1971. Determined by V.H. Owens, confirmed by D.R. Smith. This is a new county record. (PPD). ORIENTAL FRUIT FLY (Dacus dorsalis) - CALIFORNIA - Eradication program in Orange and Los Angeles Counties terminated. Trapping to continue in one portion of Orange County throughout winter. All results of detection negative since September 1970. No established infestation recorded in relation to trapping of adult flies in this or adjacent area. (Cal. Coop. Rpt.). SWEETPOTATO WEEVIL (Cylas formicarius elegantulus) - LOUISIANA - Adults collected in home sweetpotato bed at Jonesboro, Jackson Parish, by G.W. Jiles January 12, 1971. Determined by V.H. Owens, confirmed by R.E. Warner. This is a new parish record. (PPD). A WHITEFRINGED BEETLE (Graphognathus leucoloma striatus) —- SOUTH CAROLINA - Adults collected along roadside at North Augusta, Aiken County, by J.L. King December 16, 1970. Determined by V.H. Owens, confirmed by R.E. Warner. This is a new county record. (PPD). WOOLLY WHITEFLY (Aleurothrixus floccosus) - CALIFORNIA - Surveys continue in secondary zone at San Diego, San Diego County; 15 percent of inspected properties found infested. Knock-down treatments of heavier infestations made immediately to reduce possibility of spread. (Cal. Coop. Rpt.). - 46 - HAWAII INSECT REPORT Sugarcane - SUGARCANE LEAFHOPPER (Perkinsiella saccharicida) adults averaged 2 per stalk in sugarcane fields at Ewa, Oahu; predators nil. None found in small backyard plantings of Sugarcane at Waimanalo and Waiahole, (Au). Turf and Pasture - Larvae of GRASS WEBWORM (Herpetogramma licarsisalis) generally light in 5 acres of Kikuyu grass pasture at Haiku, Maui; heaviest larval density 4 per square foot in about 20 percent of total area. Larvae trace at Mililani Memorial Park, Oahu; adults 1 per 3 sweeps in border mixed stand of grass. Adults of a BILLBUG (Sphenophorus venatus vestitus) trace, one per linear yard of zoysia grass along road curbing at Mililani Memorial Park. (Ah Sam, Kawamura). Forest and Shade Trees —- ARMORED SCALES (Carulaspis giffardi and Octaspi- diotus araucariae) Observed on Norfolk Island pine (Araucaria excelsa) at Kawela, Molokai. These are new island records, Previously reported only from Oahu. (Fujimoto). A PLATASPID BUG (Coptosoma xanthogramma) infestation generally light on 20+ Erythrina spp. (coralbean) trees at Mililani Memorial Park, Oahu; average one nymph and/or adult per 5 racemes. Trace at Ala Moana (50+ trees) and Keehi Lagoon Beach Parks (1004+ trees), and at Makiki (33 trees). Heavy on Erythrina spp. (6 trees) at Kaneohe; as many as 20 nymphs and/or adults per raceme. Adults of Trissolcus sp. (a scelionid wasp) also present; 75 percent of egg clusters observed were parasitized. (Au, Kawamura). Beneficial Insects - All stages of a HELIODINID MOTH (Schreckensteinia festali- ella) Tight in 100+ acres of blackberry (Rubus sp.) at Waikamoi, Maui; 33-50 percent of leaves affected. Larvae of a TORTRICID MOTH (Apotoforma sp.) moder- ate; 75 percent of terminal leaves infested. (Ah Sam, Miyahira). Miscellaneous Pests - Reports of loud stridulations of a LONGHORN GRASSHOPPER (Euconocephalus nasutus) continue from Puunene, Maui, and Puu O Hoku, Molokai; no recoveries from these islands to date. (Miyahira, Tamura). DETECTION New County, Parish, and Island Records - ARMORED SCALES “Ganutesnrs giffardi and Octaspidiotus araucariae) HAWAII - Molokai (p. 46). ASIATIC OAK WEEVIL (Cyrtepistomus castaneus) MISSOURI - Dallas (p. 44). TREOR TED FIRE ANT (Solenopsis Saevissima richteri) TEXAS - Fayette (p. 45). SWEETPOTATO WEEVIL (Cylas formicarius elegantulus) LOUISIANA - Jackson (p. 45). A WHITEFRINGED BEETLE (Graphognathus leucoloma striatus) SOUTH CAROLINA - Aiken (p. 45). Weather of the week continued from page 42 Thursday mornings. Southerly winds warmed the Great Plains at midweek, while cold continued in the East especially the Southeast. Orlando, Florida, registered 47° Wednesday afternoon the same as the maximum at Rapid City, South Dakota, and Valentine, Nebraska. On Thursday morning, Fort Myers, Florida, and Norfolk, Nebraska, had the same minimum temperature, 32° and Tallahassee, Florida, with 11° was 1° colder than Fargo, North Dakota. Pueblo, Colorado, set a new January maximum reading with a 78 temperature on Thursday afternoon. A high pressure area centered over northern Florida Thursday morning moved eastward and tempera- tures over the eastern part of the Nation warmed rapidly. Southern Texas warmed rapidly. Southern Texas warmed to the 80's Friday and Sunday afternoons. On Sunday afternoon the warmest spots in the Nation included | McAllen, Texas, and Orlando, Florida, both of these localities registering 86. However, a cold front was pushing southward across the northern Great Plains bringing colder tempera-— tures to the middle portion of the country. Subzero temperatures were common Sunday morning from northeastern North Dakota to northern Wisconsin. In general, temperatures averaged warmer than normal over the western half of the Nation and colder than normal over the eastern half. The Great Basin and the Rocky Mountains averaged 10° to 14° warmer than normal, the central Applachians 9° to 11° colder than normal. (Summary supplied by Environmental Data Service, ESSA.) Status of the European Corn Borer in 1970! Introduction: Surveys to determine the abundance of European corn borer (Ostrinia nubilalis (Hubner)) in the fall of 1970 were conducted by cooperating agencies in 15 States. All survey data, summaries, or records of field observations were processed by the Economic Insect Survey and Detection Staff in Hyattsville, Maryland. Personnel of Entomology Research Division, Agricultural Research Ser- vice, kindly reviewed the material after completion. The 1970 European corn borer survey was conducted during late summer and early fall. The survey is designed to measure the fall populations of European corn borer larvae and is conducted during a favorable time to include a high percent-— age of late instars, wherever possible. Except for some minor differences in compiling data, the accepted survey methods were followed in all cases. The sur- vey was continued on a district basis whenever possible in 1970. A district is usually a group of counties within a State, in most cases based on Crop Reporting Districts. New Distribution: European corn borer was reported for the first time from five counties during 1970; however, the counties were in States already known to be infested. This was three counties more than were reported the previous year. One county each was reported from Alabama and Tennessee in 1969, European corn borer was reported for the first time in 1968 from 10 counties in Alabama, Georgia, and South Carolina; 2 counties were reported in 1967 from North Dakota; 18 in 1966 from North Dakota and South Carolina; 11 in 1965 from South Carolina; 5 from 3 States in 1964; and 25 new counties in 1963 from 4 States. The new distribution in 1970 was Barbour, Escambia, and Monroe Counties, Alabama, Beaufort County, South Carolina, and Haywood County, Tennessee. Abundance: Fall populations of European corn borer increased in 6 of the 11 North Central States included in the survey. Decreases were recorded in Illinois, Kansas, Missouri, North Dakota, and Ohio. The average number of borers per plant inereased over Indiana except in the south-southwest, south-southcentral, north- west, and north-central districts, The decrease in the southernmost districts was undoubtedly due to southern corn leaf blight which rendered corn leaves unsuitable for oviposition by the second generation of moths, and probably re- duced the third generation of borers which normally occurs in the southern area to negligible numbers. The large increase in populations in the southwest, south- central, and southeast districts was due to the very low populations of 1969, rather than large numbers in 1970. The heavy population of 162 borers per 100 corn plants in the north-northcentral district of Indiana was due to the high overall infestations, rather than a few heavily infested fields. Populations increased in all districts in Iowa except in the southwest (District VII) which Showed a decrease from 607 borers per 100 plants in 1969 to 528 in 1970. Counts were again heaviest in western and southern parts of the State. The overwintering populations in Minnesota and South Dakota were slightly less than twice those of 1969, but populations in Michigan, Nebraska, and Wisconsin were more than double the 1969 levels. The European corn borer population in Illinois showed a decrease of about 50 per- cent compared with 1969. In Kansas, substantial decreases were found in the north- east and east-central districts where populations were the lowest since 1967. The number of borers per 100 plants was less than in 1969 in all districts of 17 Survey data provided by State agricultural agencies, Data compiled and summarized by Economic Insect Survey and Detection Staff, Plant Protection Division, Agricultural Research Service, United States Department of Agriculture. =A SAS Missouri, with the State average about half that of the same year. The over- wintering population of 57 borers per 100 plants in North Dakota is the lowest in that State since 1956. The population in Ohio was again lower than the pre- vious year. The State average in Delaware continued to decrease from the record high of 444 borers per 100 plants in 1968. Densities in 1970 were similar to those of 1969 in the northern two-thirds of the State, but there was a major decrease in the extreme southern area, The overwintering population in southern Maryland in- creased slightly, but decreases in other sections of that State brought the overall population below the 1969 level. The number of borers per 100 plants in Arkansas was half that of 1969. 49 *pokaAans S}OTALSTp uO paseq asderToAe po YyStomM Via 8hT Zo i VL StL i Lv ZO T uestyot T3930 0% 8P € Il vZ € ie 8P € sesueysy urayzNog StL Tvl /{ eseroay ise) i wv wt i Leq0L ZOT oF 6 ZS ZO 6 ZS ov 6 UTSUOOSTM v1Z LET 9 ce PZ 9 cE LEL 9 vjoxed YINOS got Ill Sg €& 80L SG ae Wit S otyO LS LLY il G LS T G LLY I wvjoyed 4}ION 96€ LPL G GZ 965 g 9% LPL S BySserqon Ost Che L BE OST L SE She L TAINOSSTIN Ost 69 L vE oft 2, 82 69 L vyOsouuTW 96 G9Z € og 96 € 9% G9z € sesuvy LPs e9T ral 66 LPS Zt 66 SOT ZI eMol LY SE ral Z6 LP Zt Z6 8 Zl evuetpuy OL ZPL L 6E OL L 6g ZPL L STOUTTII T[e1}zuU99 yiION 602 ZSS /[ a8eraay 61 P Te1OL PEL PST € 91 PEL € OL PST ¢ pueTArcen €8z NEE I € €8z i! € LSE I areMelad ure Seq Ss SS Maes a a ee ag PN OLG6LT 696L >aoqunN: poAeAing: S}UeTd OOT: pohedAang:paksaaang: sjuetd OOT: pofsoaang: $o7e19 S1U¥Td OOL ted Stat0g 5 : soetjzunog: Ied 1S}7OTIAZSTG: sotzuno|: Iad : syoOTaIySTd: 5 JO “ON: Sadarog fo: JO ‘ON: fo ‘ON: siam0g fo: JO °ON: sieok y}Og pahAaAang sotjunoj to szyoOTtaz4STd 9 :°ON OSeI0AV: g : ‘ON OSeIOAV: : ereduo) 6961 6961 TOF eyed UTM patedwop ‘OL6T FO Ted ‘ULOD UT aouepunqy Jer1og uszop uvadoing Fo sazeV1S Aq Axcewung ‘TT 9TqeL 90 = Table 2 - European Corn Borer Abundance in Corn, Fall of 1970, Compared with Data for 1969 State Average Number: State :Average Number (Districts of Borers Per (Districts :of Borers Per or Counties) 100 Plants or Counties) 100 Plants 1969 GTA}: : 1969 1970 Arkansas Iowa (Gwe aS 5 Swe 5)) (State Dept. Agr.; Ext. Ser.; Ent. Dept., Lowa Northwest 14 15 State Univ.; ENT, ARS, North Central 13 22 USDA) Northeast 69 16 nae oe District I 180 306 Average 48 1/ JAI) DasiecacG el 36 181 at ® Pistricth iit 25 132 Delaware District IV 290 346 @Gereebxpt. Sita) District V 100 241 ‘ District VI 32 131 New Castle 276 255 District VII 607 528 Kent 329 347 DaiSigreslote \WALILIL 48 94 Sussex 467 248 District IX 63 719 Sapa peg District X 290 353 Average 357 283 District XI 114 286 District XII 176 211 Illinois Tag “a (Natural History Survey, Average 163 241 Ext. Ser.) Kansas Northwest 139 87 @Gmnssusuxr:) Northeast 75 61 West 235 130 Northeast 323 100 Central 84 ZY North Central 143 113335) East 76 33 East Central 329 52 West-southwest 230 105 pee tie East-southeast 153 92 Average 2695 96 Average 142 Maryland (143) 27 OS 2/7 (Agr. Ext. Ser.; Ins. Sur.) Indiana Eastern Shore 183 140 (Ext. Ser., Expt. Sta.) Southern area 99 104 Western and Central North-northwest Shs} 38 areas 180 158 North-northcentral 44 162 ee Tie North-northeast 35 57 Average 154 134 Northwest 49 12 Gl66) 33/7) G4 sy, North Central 59 38 ie ss Northeast 39 54 Michigan Southwest 5 58 Ins Sur’. ) South Central 5 iS} Southeast 5 34 Surveyed counties GP i/ 148 1/ South-southwest 74 39 oi Be South-southcentral 88 24 2/ Average based on 39 comparable South-southeast 24 39 ~ counties surveyed in 1969 and 1970, De sae rather than districts. Average 38 47 (40) 1/ (47) a7, 3/ Average based on averages for 16 1/ Averages based on field averages rather than district averages. counties surveyed in 1969 and 1970, rather than district averages. Table 2 - (Continued) State Average Number: State :Average Number (Districts of Borers Per ; (Districts :of Borers Per or Counties) 100 Plants : or Counties) : 100 Plants 1969 1970: 21969 £1970 Minnesota South Dakota (State Dept. Agr.) GErepExptemsitas. Ext. Sex.) Southwest iatal 246 North Central 145 ZO) South Central 40 PPP) Northeast 207 150 Southeast 62 IssiL Central 58 100 West Central 94 105 East Central 206 279 Central 32 57 Southeast 176 457 East Central 25 89 South Central 30 62 Northwest 119 57 a. Sais sie oe Average W37/ 214 Average 69 130 Wisconsin Missouri (State Dept. Agr.) Gextemser., ims). Suz.) Northwest 50 104 District I 314 122 North Central ile) 110 District II 258 187 West Central 97 187 District III 237 189 Central 40 102 District IV 270 94 Southwest 87 118 District V 223 138 South Central 65 125 District VII 202 93 Southeast 39 77 District IX PALIL 88 East Central 19 58 Spee aE Northeast (0) 35 Average 245 130 Die Average 46 102 Nebraska Qermwbspt. Stat; Ext. Ser., Ins. Sur.) Northeast 188 600 East 169 522 Southeast 182 336 Central 94 260 South 100 261 Average 147 396 North Dakota (State Dept. Agr.) Southeast 177 57 Ohio (Ext. Ser.; ARS, USDA) Northwest 132 SZ) West Central 94 96 Central 98 57 Southwest 94 59 Northeast 169 198 Average i il7/ 108 (111) 4/ (99) 4/ 4/ Averages calculated from county averages, not district averages. EUROPEAN CORN BORER ABUNDANCE FALL 1970 TL6L Arcenue ¢ ‘vaso OT}008}0q pue AdAang ooq UT poredord dey ‘suv ‘ddd ‘u OZ6L 1174 JINVGNNGV AwzxOd NAYOD NWAdOUNG —54- LL6ET ‘FS-8h! (S)0% "ydy "sul *‘uoog *doop *a8y ‘aded “s'n TL6L NI GaLuOdaTu UNO NUOD NvadOund HOIHA NI SaILNNOD aaquoodu Naa SVH YAO NYOO Nyadound HOIHM NI SHILNN00 € dvW eas MMM Chen YS3YO0E NYOO bol vasn aa uotz093eq TL61 Arenuer ‘goTAdag yorresay [ein [noTasy UOTSTATG WOT}9040Ig 4URTA pue AaAang yoesuy oTwoucog ut petederg “Gt [ome em, a =— ea eee E 7 A pea = Ane a) 9 ra fr ca Gre ms teen CE NVad0OuNnd ue E ! mers pe faa, [Pace t See rome con (eo ae NS von o ol nia cum | 2 x co = ae ey a 2, ne sinc 4 Ys 2) eee YF | ew omny trom “UNITED STATES a Q “es! BUSINESS cin) eS “7 VOL. 21°No. 6 February 5, 1971. : ; Coo peta tive ECONOMIC INSECT a. REBORT , é eC To : JARMIHSONTE ee i ( FER 12497) ) i Issued by PLANT PROTECTION DIVISION AGRICULTURAL RESEARCH SERVICE UNITED STATES DEPARTMENT OF AGRICULTURE fm, 4 oo Pa bi . AGRICULTURAL RESEARCH SERVICE PLANT PROTECTION DIVISION ECONOMIC INSECT SURVEY AND DETECTION The Cooperative Economic Insect Report is issued weekly as a service to American Agriculture. Its contents are compiled from information supplied by cooperating State, Federal, and industrial entomologists and other agricul- tural workers. In releasing this material the Division serves as a clearing house and does not assume responsi- bility for accuracy of the material. To facilitate mailroom handling, all reports, inquiries, and other matters pertaining to this release, including the mailing list, should be sent to: The Editors, CEIR Economie Insect Survey and Detection Plant Protection Division, ARS, USDA Federal Center Building Hyattsville, Maryland 20782 Volume 21 February 5, 1971 Number 6 COOPERATIVE ECONOMIC INSECT REPORT HIGHLIGHTS Current Conditions GREENBUG damaged wheat in the Rolling Plains and north Texas areas. (p. 57). ALFALFA WEEVIL egg counts increasing on alfalfa in Kentucky. (p. 57). Detection New State records include PITCH PINE TIP MOTH from Missouri (p. 58), and an ERIOPHYID MITE and IVY APHID from Oregon (p. 58). For new county records see page 60. Special Report BOLL WEEVIL hibernation survey for fall 1970 shows more weevils entered hiberna- tion than in fall 1969 in the Coastal Plain of the Carolinas, the South Delta, Central Delta, and Hill Section of Mississippi, in northeastern Louisiana, and in central Texas. Counts were lower in south-central South Carolina, the Piedmont of the Carolinas, north-central North Carolina, southern Tennessee, and the North ~ Delta of Mississippi. (pp. 61-64). Reports in this issue are for week ending January 29 unless otherwise indicated. =O - 56 - CONTENTS Special Insects of Regional Significance............ doodHDD00D DO GODDDOC OOOO CO ODY Insects Affecting Smav sls GxrarinSrrereselemetencnoneioreten lai 660.000 ooMl Ornamentals..... OC ODDO DODD DODD O OOO DS Forage Legumes...... ogdoo oD dD oOC ODO OO Ome Forest and Shade Trees.........22+09 GenexalmVieseitalbleSiyarcielelelelelieleaeiele da00Bt Man and AnimalS........sseeeesees+00 CaiIeWSooo5000 o0000D0d00000 pcoD0D00D00eY BYynewet@dtel IMNSSCESsccocoodocoaod00000dDOUD OOD don 0000 ab00ddO00008 poboD00d0O0 0000 ee) Federal and State Plant Protection Pi O SAM Siheyevellelepotoven ciioliciaualedelekeiousielicieMelehenonoedchenehenememehoo ce. Hawaii Insect Report......... a otexaiehteiens ee Me MN sa DATOCGWLOMGdco0000 0000000000 shel elishioienenolalrenenettedone (al elielienehelateveleuenonencneheneheledaiel hel ieiclstenen el MememameL OU) Light Trap Collections........... GoooodD ODOC aoDOO OOD ODO ODD OOGO OOD a lSisteiel elie eevee OU Koll WyreeKyatik Vblloaraneieton Suravay o iMkWl MONO > 5 6505600GgG0b000000000000 Macaiou colo 6 o Slt NATIONAL WEATHER SERVICE'S 30-DAY OUTLOOK FEBRUARY 1971 The National Weather Service's 30-day outlook for February is for temperatures to average below normal over the eastern half of the Nation with the most extreme cold over the northern Mississippi Valley. Warmer than normal conditions are expected to prevail from the eastern slopes of the Rockies to the Pacific coast, with near normal averages in the Great Plains and central valley of California. Precipitation is expected to exceed normal over the Southeast, the northwest Pacific coast, and portions of the northern Plains. Subnormal totals are indicated for the Great Basin, the central Rockies, and most of the southern and central Plains. Near normal amounts are in prospect in unspecified areas. Weather forecast given here is based on the official 30-day "Resume and Outlook" published twice a month by the National Weather Service. You can subscribe through the Superintendent of Documents, Washington, D.C. 20250. Price $5.00 a year. WEATHER OF THE WEEK ENDING FEBRUARY 1 HIGHLIGHTS: The West was mostly fair and mild. The East was cold, windy and stormy. PRECIPITATION: Rain, heavy at times, fell along the northern Pacific coast. Quillayette, Washington, received 6.6 inches in the 24-hour period ending at noon Tuesday. Heavy snow fell in the nearby hills and Cascades. Snow depth at Stampede Pass, Washington, reached 215 inches Monday evening and it was still snowing. Paradise Ranger Station, Washington, on the south side of Mt. Rainier received 88 inches of snow in 3 days Friday to Sunday, bringing their snow depth to 202 inches. A massive winter storm centered over the northern Great Plains on Monday moved to Ontario, Canada, during the week spreading miserable weather from the northern Great Plains to New England. Winds gusted 50-70 m.p.h. at times, being especially strong on Tuesday. Strong winds accompanied by heavy snow and poor visibility made automobile travel impossible at some places and extremely hazardous at many others. Early in the week, thunderstorms accurred along the Atlantic coast and dense fog covered parts of the Deep South. As the weekend approached rains slackened in the Northwest. More snow fell in the Northeast. Boonville, New York, with 10 inches of new snow, measured a record-breaking 60 inches on the ground Saturday morning. Strong winds gusting to 60+ m.p.h. drifted snow badly and closed roads in the area. Weekend showers brought additional rain to the Southeast. A large area from southern Oregon and California to Mississippi received no pre- cipitation or only widely scattered light sprinkles during the week. Rains along the Washington coast ranged from 2 to almost 9 inches. Totals elsewhere ranged mostly from 0.10 to about 1 inch. Weather of the week continued on page 60 SPECIAL INSECTS OF REGIONAL SIGNIFICANCE GREENBUG (Schizaphis graminum) - ARIZONA - Surveys negative in grain on west side of Salt River Valley, Maricopa County. (Ariz. Coop. Sur.). NEW MEXICO - Light on barley at Roswell, Chaves County. (Mathews). TEXAS - Combination of low moisture and greenbugs damaged wheat in northern areas and in Rolling Plains. Much damage to wheat in Foard and Knox Counties. Counts of 500 per linear foot common on wheat in Knox County. Some damage in Cottle and Hardeman Counties. Some controls applied. Populations remain heavy in northern counties in Denton County area. (Collier et al.). Ranged 5-280 per linear foot in small grain in 16 central and northern counties January 26-29. Braconid wasps noted in some counties. (Green). OKLAHOMA — Ranged 15-100 per linear foot on small grains in Roger Mills County. (Okla. Coop. Sur.). KANSAS - Light in wheat surveyed in south-central and south- west crop districts. Heaviest count 4.3 per row foot in Barber County field. Average per row foot as follows for 3 fields in each county: Meade, none; Clark, 0-1.3; Comanche, O0-0.3; Harper, none; and Sumner, none. (Iselin). ARKANSAS - Survey negative on wheat in northwest area. (Boyer). SPOTTED ALFALFA APHID (Therioaphis maculata) - NEW MEXICO - Light to heavy on alfalfa in Roswell and Hagerman areas, Chaves County. Some counts as high as 100 per square foot. (Mathews). SMALL GRAINS APPLE GRAIN APHID (Rhopalosiphum fitchii) - KANSAS - Counts zero to trace on wheat in south-central and southwest crop districts. (Iselin). ENGLISH GRAIN APHID (Macrosiphum avenae) - MISSISSIPPI - Averaged 5 per 100 sweeps of winter wheat at State College, Oktibbeha County. (Sartor). ARKANSAS - Increased, ranged 50-75 per 100 sweeps, on wheat in northwest area. (Boyer). FORAGE LEGUMES ALFALFA WEEVIL (Hypera postica) - KENTUCKY - Eggs averaged 213 per square foot of alfalfa in 3 Fayette County fields. (Barnett). PEA APHID (Acyrthosiphon pisum) - NEW MEXICO - Light to heavy, up to 100 per square foot, on alfalfa in Roswell and Hagerman areas, Chaves County. (Mathews). GENERAL VEGETABLES GREEN PEACH APHID (Myzus persicae) - ARIZONA - Required treatment on lettuce at Yuma, Yuma County. Heavy on cabbage and cauliflower in home garden at Casa Grande, Pinal County. (Ariz. Coop. Sur.). BEET ARMYWORM (Spodoptera exigua) - ARIZONA - First instars of this species and Trichoplusia ni (cabbage looper) in lettuce at Yuma, Yuma County. (Ariz. Coop. Sur.). ah A SYMPHYLAN (Scutigerella causeyae) - MISSOURI - Collected at Briar, Ripley County, by L.R. Hanning April 7, 1970. This is a new county record. (Munson). CITRUS TEXAS CITRUS MITE (Eutetranychus banksi) - ARIZONA - Survey January 19 negative for live mites in Yuma County groves treated and under inspection. (Ariz. Coop. Siimeye CITRUS RED MITE (Panonychus citri) - ARIZONA - Counts of 81.60 per leaf in one lemon grove at Yuma, Yuma County, January 19. (Ariz. Coop. Sur.). AN ARMORED SCALE (Unaspis citri) - FLORIDA - Adults moderate on 1,100 sweet orange (Citrus sinensis) nursery plants at Montverde, Lake County, January 21. (DeWolf). ORNAMENTALS BAGWORM (Thyridopteryx ephemeraeformis) - KENTUCKY - Bags averaged 5 per Juniperus virginiana tree in one of 3 Fayette County nurseries. In 2 additional nurseries, Counts less than 1 per 10 trees. (Barnett). PEACHTREE BORER (Sanninoidea exitiosa) - TENNESSEE - Infestation light but tree damage heavy on flowering almond in Warren County. (Gordon). IVY APHID (Aphis hederae) - OREGON - Nymphs and adults spotty, mostly adults found on young shoots of English ivy at Salem, Marion County, during October 1970. Collected by R.L. Westcott. Determined by L.M. Russell. This is a new State record. (Westcott). AN ERIOPHYID MITE (Eriophyes canestrinii) - OREGON - Heavy under leaf scales of boxwooc at Corvallis, Benton County, January 18, 1971. This species forms small flower gall but generally not considered injurious to host. Collected and determined by G.W. Krantz; confirmed by H.H. Keifer. This is a new State record. Generally widespread in California. (Krantz). FOREST AND SHADE TREES PITCH PINE TIP MOTH (Rhyacionia rigidana) - MISSOURI - Collected at Licking, Texas County, August 21, 1970,0n loblolly and shortleaf pines. This is a new State record. The following collections are new county records: Elsberry, Lincoln County, and Willow Springs, Howell County, September 30, 1970, on shortleaf pine; Eugene, Miller County, January 5, and Gladden, Dent County, January 7, 1971, on shortleaf pine. Collected and determined by W.H. Kearby. (Munson). MAN AND ANIMALS SCREWWORM (Cochliomyia hominivorax) - No cases reported in U.S. January 24-30. Total of 82 laboratory-confirmed cases reported in portion of Barrier Zone in Republic of Mexico as follows: Sonora 69, Chihuahua 1, Nuevo Leon 5, Tamaulipas 7. Total of 3 cases reported in Mexico south of Barrier Zone. Barrier Zone is area where eradication operation underway to prevent establishment of self- sustaining population in U.S. Sterile screwworm flies released: Texas 2,428,000; Mexico 98,630,000. (Anim. Health Div.). CATTLE GRUBS (Hypoderma spp.) - OKLAHOMA - H. lineatum (common cattle grub) ranged 0-14 (average 6) per head on cattle in Payne County. Decrease light in same herd past 21 days, probably indicates grubs dropping to ground to pupate. Moderate in Mayes County and light in Choctaw County. (Okla. Coop. Sur.). KENTUCKY - Hypoderma spp. ranged 0-9 (averaged 3.1) per animal on backs of Holstein cattle of various ages in Fayette County. (Barnett). BLACK BLOW FLY (Phormia regina) - OKLAHOMA - Adults of this and other species, but mainly P. regina, heavy and caused annoyance around poultry farms in Le Flore and McCurtain Counties. (Okla. Coop. Sur.). SHORTNOSED CATTLE LOUSE (Haematopinus eurysternus) - OKLAHOMA - Lice, mainly this species, still moderate on Mayes County cattle. Averaged 0.5 per part on Payne County cattle. (Okla. Coop. Sur.). CATTLE TICKS (Boophilus spp.) - TEXAS - Specimens collected from quarantine zone (extends from Brownsville to Devils River above Del Rio) during December. (Anim. Health Div.). SHEEP SCAB MITE (Psoroptes ovis) - IOWA - Specimens taken from cattle in feedlot in Woodbury County during December. (Anim. Health Div.). BROWN RECLUSE SPIDER (Loxosceles reclusa) - ALABAMA - Two adults collected from home near Allsboro in Colbert County. (Burns). = 8 = BENEFICIAL INSECTS A BRACONID (Lysiphlebus testaceipes) - OREGON - Parasitism heavy in specimens of Aphis hederae (ivy aphid) collected at Salem, Marion County, in October 1970. About 50 percent of aphids examined in laboratory infested. Determined by P.M. Marsh. (Westcott). HONEY BEE (Apis mellifera) - ALABAMA - Honey production 11 percent less than in 1969. Decrease in yield per colony and number of colonies reduced production to 2,210,000 pounds compared with 2,492,000 pounds last year. Yield per colony averaged 26 pounds, 2 pounds less than in 1969. Number of colonies declined to 85,000 in 1970, 4 percent less than previous year. (Strong, Markham). FEDERAL AND STATE PLANT PROTECTION PROGRAMS PINK BOLLWORM (Pectinophora gossypiella) - FLORIDA - Recovered 3 larvae in 50 open bolls of wild cotton at Key Largo Key, Monroe County, January 12. Determined by V.H. Owens. (Creamer). HAWAII INSECT REPORT General Vegetables - SWEETPOTATO VINE BORER (Omphisa anastomosalis) larvae and/or pupae 2 per foot of stem in small planting of Sweetpotato (Ipomoea batatas) at Ewa, Oahu. (Au). All stages of BEAN FLY (Melanagromyza phaseoli) light in back- yard plantings of yardlongbeans (seedlings and mature plants) at Ewa. Light in community garden of same crop at Puunene and 1 percent of petioles infested in 1,000 square feet of snap beans at Waikapu, Maui. No chemical control applied. At Waimanalo, Oahu, all of foot-tall seedlings in 0.25 acre of snap beans in- fested; all plants severely damaged. (Ah Sam, Funasaki, Kawamura). Up to 3 nymphs and/or adults of TARO LEAFHOPPER (Tarophagus proserpina) per leaf infested 25 percent of plants in 2 acres of taro (Colocasia esculenta) at Waihee, Maui. Trace (less than 10 percent of plants infested) in 2 acres of taro at Waipahu, Oahu; as many as 5 nymphs and/or adults per plant. Nymphs and adults of a PREDACEOUS CASPID BUG (Cyrtorhinus fulvus) moderate amid leafhopper infestations at both areas. (Miyahira, Funasaki, Kawamura). SWEETPOTATO HORNWORM (Agrius cingulatus) larvae averaged 1 per 2 square yards in one acre of sweetpotato at Waimanalo, Oahu. (Kawamura). Fruits and Nuts - BLACK PARLATORIA SCALE (Parlatoria zizyphus) light to moderate on 6 Citrus spp. at Waipahu, Oahu; heavy, up to 300+ per Square inch, on few older leaves. (Kawamura). Ornamentals - GREEN SCALE (Coccus viridis) moderate to heavy (average 15 per square inch) on several backyard Plumeria obtusa trees at Waipahu, Oahu. Nymphs and adults of lady beetles (Cryptolaemus montrouzieri and Azya luteipes) abun- dant on heavily infested leaves. Heavy also in 0.5 acre of commercial planting of Plumeria spp. at Waianae. (Yamamoto, Funasaki, Kawamura). Man and Animals - CLUSTER FLY (Pollenia rudis) moderate to heavy in various Situations at Pohakuloa and Waimea, Hawaii; remains light at large and inside buildings at Kahua Ranch. (State Dept. Health). Beneficial Insects - LANTANA GALL FLY (Eutreta xanthochaeta) infested all vervain (Stachytarpheta sp.) bushes in random check along Kahekili Highway, Oahu; averaged one gall per foot of pencil-size stem. (Kashiwai, Rose). Miscellaneous Insects -— Adults of a GEOMETRID MOTH (Semiothisa sp., probably Santaremaria) emerged from larvae collected on leaves of Leucaena glauca and Desmanthus virgatus in pesture at Poipu, Kauai; first record of its host relation- Ship. One adult taken in light trap at Kaneohe, Oahu; previously all specimens collected in leeward areas of this island. (Sugawa, Au). DETECTION New State Records - AN ERIOPHYID MITE (Eriophyes canestrinii) OREGON - Benton County (p. 58). IVY APHID (Aphis hederae) OREGON - Marion County (p. 58). PITCH PINE TIP MOTH (Rhyacionia rigidana) MISSOURI - Texas County (D5 83) 6 New County Records - PITCH PINE TIP MOTH (Rhyacionia rigidana) MISSOURI - Lincoln, Howell, Miller, and Dent (p,. 58). A SYMPHYLAN (Scutigerella causeyae) MISSOURI - Ripley (p. 57). LIGHT TRAP COLLECTIONS FLORIDA - Gainesville, 1/22-28, BL - Armyworm (Pseudaletia unipuncta) 4, beet armyworm (Spodoptera exigua) 1, black cutworm (Agrotis ipsilon) 5, granulate cutworm (Feltia subterranea) 4. Weather of the week continued from page 56. TEMPERATURE: Arctic air poured into the north-central States and spread east— ward and southward; the mercury at International Falls, Minnesota, plunged to -30° Tuesday morning. By Thursday, subzero weather had been experienced in more than a dozen States from Montana to Maine and as far south as Iowa and Illinois. Subfreezing temperatures occurred in all of the continental States Thursday morning and midday maximums were below zero in parts of Minnesota and the northern portions of New York and New England. Gainesville, Florida, registered Ds? Thursday morning. Mild temperatures occurred across the South from California to Florida. Some higher readings were 88° at Cotulla, Texas, on Monday, 85° at Vero Beach, Florida, on Tuesday, and 90° at Thermal, California, and 83° at Phoenix, Arizona, on Wednesday. The weekend brought contrasting temperatures to the Nation. On Saturday morning subzero temperatures occured from eastern Montana to the Great Lakes, and as far south as central Illinois. In the afternoon record-breaking warmth covered southern Texas and parts of Washington and Oregon. In general weekly mean temperatures were above normal over the West and South-Central and below normal from the northern Great Plains to the Atlantic Ocean and southward to Georgia and Florida. The Great Basin and northern and central Rocky Mountains averaged 12° to 24° warmer than normal. The Great Lakes region averaged 12° to 18° colder than normal. (Summary Supplied by Environmental Data Service, ESSA.) Boll Weevil Hibernation Survey - Fall 1970 The fall collections of surface ground (woods) trash samples (two square yards per sample) have been completed in six Southern States by State and Federal agencies to determine the number of boll weevil (Anthonomus grandis) adults that went into hibernation. Three samples were taken at each location in the Carolinas, Mississippi, Louisiana, and Texas. A total of 12 samples was taken in Tennessee. Thirty locations were sampled in each area in North and South Carolina; the number of counties per area from which samples were taken varied from 3 to 6. In North Carolina, Halifax County has replaced Wilson County. In Mississippi, a total of 45 samples was taken from 15 locations in each of 4 areas; each area was composed of 2 counties. Tate County has replaced Monroe County in the Hill Section of Mississippi. Samples were collected at 45 locations in northeastern Louisiana: 20 locations in Madison Parish, 10 in Tensas Parish, and 5 each in East Carroll, West Carroll, and Richland Parishes. This is the third year trash samples have been collected in Richland Parish. In Texas, 75 samples were taken from 25 locations in 4 counties, with either 6 or 7 locations sampled in each county. The average number of boll weevils entering hibernation in the fall of 1970 was higher than in the fall of 1969 in the Coastal Plain of the Carolinas, the South Delta, Central Delta, and Hill Section of Mississippi, in northeastern Louisiana, and in central Texas. Counts were lower in south-central South Carolina, the Piedmont of the Carolinas, north-central North Carolina, Southern Tennessee, and the North Delta of Mississippi. The number of weevils per acre entering hiberna- tion in north-central North Carolina decreased from 3,603 in 1969 to 673 in 1970. The decrease in the North Delta of Mississippi was from 4,698 in 1969 to 756 in 1970. In Florence County, South Carolina, where fall examinations have been made since 1942 (except for the fall of 1946), the number of weevils per acre (10,114) is 1.7 times the number in 1969 and 1.4 times the 27-year average. This is the first year since 1965 that more than 10,000 weevils per acre have been found during fall examinations in this county. The survey in Tennessee was conducted in Fayette, Hardeman, McNairy, and Hardin Counties where infestations were heaviest during the 1970 growing season. Live weevils averaged 1,008 per acre in this four-county area. This compares with 1,815 in 1969, 1,213 in 1968, 7,580 in 1967, 7,120 in 1966, and 1,211 in 1965. The figure for 1965 is for McNairy County only. Live boll weevils averaged 2,902 per acre of ground trash in Mississippi. This State average compares with 3,105 weevils per acre in 1969, 2,768 in 1968, 6,304 in 19675 25956 in 1966, and 7,325 in 1965. In the five-parish area surveyed in northeast Louisiana, live boll weevils averaged 8,458 per acre. Average counts per acre by parish were 7,418 in Madison, 5,563 in Tensas, 4,678 in East Carroll, 9,034 in West Carroll, and 21,619 in Richland. In Madison Parish, where these records have been made for the past 34 years and the period average is 3,730, there have been only two years when the number of weevils per acre entering hibernation has been higher than in 1970. The 7,418 weevils per acre this year compares with 4,518 in 1969. In Tensas Parish, where the 15-year average is 5,490 weevils per acre, there have been four years when the number of weevils has been greater than in 1970. There were 4,596 weevils per acre in 1969. In East Carroll Parish, the 1970 collection was the highest number recovered in four years and compares with 2,091 per acre in 1969. Collections were begun in West Carroll Parish in 1967. The average of 9,034 weevils per acre in 1970 compares with a three-year average of 6,184 weevils per acre. The 1970 average of 21,619 in Richland Parish compares with 1,128 in 1969 = Gie SGo ee and the two-year average of 1,855 weevils per acre. Collections of woods trash in northeast Louisiana were started November 18 and completed November 24. The average minimum temperature during this period was 36°, with a low of 21° recorded November 24. The average maximum temperature was 63°. Only a trace of rainfall was recorded; however, 1.59 inches were recorded November 14 and 15, before the collections were begun. Boll weevils averaged 3,392 per acre in central Texas in the fall of 1970 compared with 1,647 in 1969, 4,070 in 1968, 4,942 in 1967, 4,877 in 1966, and 4,425 in 1965. Fewer weevils entered hibernation in the fall of 1970 in McLennan and Falls Counties than any year except 1962, 1963, and 1969, all drought years. In Hill County, lower counts than this year were found only in 1963 and 1968. More weevils were found in Falls County in the fall of 1970 than any year except 1959 and 1960. The area average was lower in 1970 than any year except 1962, 1963, and 1969. Very hot, dry weather during 1970 prevented a weevil buildup during the growing season. Heavy rains during September and October, however, prevented early harvest and stalk destruction in many fields and there was a late buildup of weevils to enter hibernation. Collections of woods trash were made in the four- county area from November 5 to November 10. Frost occurred October 30 and November 2, 3, 4, and 5. Most cotton that had not previously been destroyed was killed by the frost. (H.M. Taft, A.R. Hopkins, J.H. Locke, T.R. Pfrimmer, T.C. Cleveland et al., and C.B. Cowan). See table and map on following pages. - 63 - BOLL WEEVIL HIBERNATION SURVEY - FALL 1970 Area (State and County) Number of Weevils Per Acre 1969 1970 NORTH AND SOUTH CAROLINA South Central South Carolina (Orangeburg, Bamberg, and Dorchester Counties). 4,705 1,909 Coastal Plain of South and North Carolina (Florence, Darlington, and Marlboro Counties, S.C.; Scotland County, N.C.). 4,625 6,398 Piedmont of South and North Carolina (Andersonville, Greenville, and Spartanburg Counties, S.C.; Mecklen- burg, Cleveland, and Union Counties, N.C.). 3,146 2,311 North Central North Carolina (Nash, Halifax, Northampton, and Edgecombe Counties). 3,603 673 TENNESSEE Southern Tier of Counties (Fayette, Hardeman, McNairy, and Hardin Counties). 71,815 1,008 MISSISSIPPI South Delta (Sharkey and Yazoo Counties (area 1)). 2,160 3,042 Central Delta (Washington and Leflore Counties (area 2)). 540 1,242 North Delta (Coahoma and Panola Counties (area 3)). 4,698 756 Hill Section (Holmes and Tate Counties (area 4)). DROZ 2, 6,588 LOUISIANA Northeastern (Madison, Tensas, East Carroll, West Carroll, and Richland Parishes). 3,000 8,458 TEXAS Central (Falls, Hill, Limestone, and McLennan Counties). 1,647 3), 392 See map on following page. = G4 os TLZ6L ‘'9-19:(9) Tz “qdy *surl *‘uooq *doo9 “IBY *4ydeq °-g°n Yser}, punoarzs fo azoe iN ted STTAvemM TTOG SATT = Somnstg O46T ‘TIVE - SATAUNS NOILVNYSEIH TIAXTAM TIOg Beha aps an ¢ pide ; ¢ £ UNITED STAT < o Mieiciance Wa ; Hyat iy y = == if Way 8 USFS WHA : “POSTAGE & FEES PAID oN As —~ 4% a 0004 USENLINATAL22 g3001 OUUL US ENTOMOLOGY LIBRARY DEPT ENTOM NATIONAL MUSEUM WASHINGTON DC 20560 A aD fF VOL. 21 No.7 February 12, 1971 ii Coope zative ECONOMIC INSECT a i ee MSS AER Sw ck yaw HSON 5 i Disced by PLANT, PROTECTION DIVISION AGRICULTURAL RESEARCH SERVICE UNITED i DEPARTMENT OF AGRICULTURE AGRICULTURAL RESEARCH SERVICE PLANT PROTECTION DIVISION ECONOMIC INSECT SURVEY AND DETECTION The Cooperative Economic Insect Report is issued weekly as a service to American Agriculture. Its contents are compiled from information supplied by cooperating State, Federal, and industrial entomologists and other agricul- tural workers. In releasing this material the Division serves as a clearing house and does not assume responsi- bility for accuracy of the material. To facilitate mailroom handling, all reports, inquiries, and other matters pertaining to this release, including the mailing list, should be sent to: The Editors, CEIR Economic Insect Survey and Detection Plant Protection Division, ARS, USDA Federal Center Building Hyattsville, Maryland 20782 Volume 21 February 12, 1971 Number 7 COOPERATIVE ECONOMIC INSECT REPORT HIGHLIGHTS Current Conditions CORN LEAF APHID and GREENBUG increasing on barley in south-central New Mexico. @n a6)! : SPOTTED ALFALFA APHID heavy on alfalfa in southwest Oklahoma and southeast New Mexico. (p. 67). Detection New State records include a WEEVIL from Missouri (p. 67) and an ARMORED SCALE from Pennsylvania (p. 68). For new county and island records see page 70. Special Report Distribution and Abundance of the Corn Earworm in the United States. (pp. 71-76). Reports in this issue are for week ending February 5 unless otherwise indicated. = 65 3 = @< CONTENTS Special ginsecits of sReeitoniauliy Salen steel @ ai Cel weren-ieiai i Mri olaltetaprou en laeeeir-iel oii ir- iret trees een mena 67 Insects Affecting Corn, Sorghum, Sugarcane............ 67 OYrMAaAMeE MALS ee cele Ale. sieve wahoo 68 SmaWleiGrainSs sauce sc ectsns ete easter teneuoneners 67 Horesijeand shade ineesr iii 68 Horace Le gumeSh siscstaricircleiecuciessveversnonorslets 67 Man\and) Amimallsy cleo enelace neers 68 ODAC CO za eaaeareneter ah ore ue oan keen ote e meee ottetrs 68 Households and Structures........ 69 YG GIIO WIS) IT walIES Hyorel WOES > 44556 o500c 68 SitoredmerOducitSmeeree erent 6 69 Cast euiSters pcos cretoua cele ree cen suet ttre tateconeroncdssapoe 68 Bene read Tins Cit sie) ccc ive ies oencele vas wisest a avin sone a atat we oiler eitelistia todos uewelie bette te pel fateyalas res Sraleiieh a an oeMeRnS 56 HOY) WeclereAll AiG)! SUAS IDMAMNTE IDPOUSGWLOM LIPOIC 56406050000 b00000Db00D0DD DODD OOO SOUS 69 MALeAae IPE) (COMMSCEULONS 6 so¢5b06000 FU DODOD DOOD UD DDOD ODD UO DODD OOOO DDOODOUDO ODODE 70 Hawai Sinsecitu Rep Oritetencrensvenel sue rerienelier-cereacicliersieysltoveNenenehol Mew ereneicenci simencicred caererechen Mele Menem ene mene eo) Dib] CHEALOMAV a cirawreicee orate ec hevebroin owe oaie le couetisl stisiswanak eHow sienlsier-eseriencuon she meMsisiel elemersieteue omens dilenoneyeseneme Sloee cco CO) Distribution and Abundance of the Corn Earworm in the United States............ ale WEATHER OF THE WEEK ENDING FEBRUARY 8 PRECIPITATION: Early in the week cold westerly winds set off snow flurries on the lee side of the Great Lakes and in hilly areas of New York and Pennsylvania. Light rain dotted the Pacific Northwest with snow inland across the Cascades and eastward to the Great Lakes. Rain mixed with snow fell over parts of the Great Basin. A low in the western part of the Gulf of Mexico spread rain over eastern Texas Tuesday. A large and powerful storm began shaping up in the central Rocky Mountains Wednesday. The storm center moved to northeastern New Mexico, crossed the Texas Panhandle and Oklahoma to northwestern Arkansas, then turned northward, crossed Missouri and Illinois and by late Thursday night was centered over southern Wisconsin. By the weekend the storm had moved to the Hudson Bay. It produced widespread precipitation from Canada to the Gulf of Mexico, and east- ward to the Atlantic Ocean. Snow fell in the northern and central Rocky Mountains and northern Great Plains to the upper Mississippi River Valley. Freezing rain and freezing drizzle iced roads from eastern Nebraska and central Kansas to New Jersey and southward to northern Georgia. Scattered thundershowers occurred from Oklahoma and northeastern Texas to the Ohio River Valley, and southward to the Gulf of Mexico. In most areas Snow or rain waS accompanied by fog. A few tornadoes hit Mississippi and Alabama late Thursday evening. A tornado at Grenada, Mississippi, killed 7 persons. Few localities in the eastern half of the Nation escaped the damp and dismal weather produced by the massive storm. To add to the misery produced by the storm winds in the Ohio River Valley gusted to over 70 m.p.h, at some localities Friday forenoon. A new storm moved out of the southern Rockies over the weekend. It produced snow from Colorado and New Mexico to New England. Showers and thunderstorms occurred from the snow belt southward to the Gulf of Mexico. Some of the thunderstorms produced hail. Hail as large as base- balls fell at Deland, Florida, Sunday afternoon. Monday morning much of the north-—- east was buried in several inches of snow. Heavy rains south of the snow belt threatened to cause flash floods along some smaller streams from New Jersey to South Carolina. Tornadoes struck Georgia and Florida Monday, and funnel clouds were seen in South Carolina. Weather of the week continued on page 77. = a7 & SPECIAL INSECTS OF REGIONAL SIGNIFICANCE CORN LEAF APHID (Rhopalosiphum maidis) - NEW MEXICO - Populations increasing on barley in Luna and Dona Ana Counties. (Riddle). GREENBUG (Schizaphis graminum) - NEW MEXICO - Populations increasing on barley in Luna and Dona Ana Counties. (Riddle). TEXAS - Light in most Panhandle counties. Light on small grain in Burleson County. (Daniels, Green). OKLAHOMA - Ranged 20-100 per linear foot on small grains in Custer, Roger Mills, Beckham, and Washita Counties. (Okla. Coop. Sur.). ARKANSAS - Survey remains negative in northwest area. (Boyer). SPOTTED ALFALFA APHID (Therioaphis maculata) - ARIZONA - Averaged 210 per 100 sweeps of alfalfa in Yuma County field. (Ariz. Coop. Sur.). NEW MEXICO - Generally moderate to heavy on alfalfa in Carlsbad and Artesia areas, Eddy County. Ranged 50-100 per square foot in most fields. Effects evident on young alfalfa. (Mathews) . OKLAHOMA - Very heavy in alfalfa in Kiowa, Tillman, and Washita Counties. (Okla. Coop. Sur.). CORN, SORGHUM, SUGARCANE NORTHERN CORN ROOTWORM (Diabrotica longicornis) - MARYLAND - Specimens collected at Valley Lee, St. Marys County, by J. Lashomb September 3 and at Shad Landing, Worcester County, by R.L. Smiley October 3, 1970. Determined by J. Hellman. These are new county records. (U. Md., Ent. Dept.). SMALL GRAINS ENGLISH GRAIN APHID (Macrosiphum avenae) - ARKANSAS - Ranged 15-20 per 100 sweeps of wheat in northwest area. (Boyer WINTER GRAIN MITE (Penthaleus major) - OKLAHOMA - Averaged 50 per linear foot of small grain in Washita County. (Okla. Coop. Sur.). FORAGE LEGUMES ALFALFA WEEVIL (Hypera postica) - KENTUCKY - Eggs 210 per square foot of alfalfa in Fayette County. (Barnett). TEXAS - Larvae averaged 3 per alfalfa plant in one field in Burleson County; heavy damage noted. Heavy in Wharton and Brazoria Counties. Controls applied in these areas. (Latham, Thomas). Brazoria is a new county record. (PPD). CLOVER LEAF WEEVIL (Hypera punctata) - NEW MEXICO - Adults and larvae averaged less than 1 per square foot in fields found heavily infested during 1970 in Hagerman and Dexter area, Chaves County. (Mathews). EGYPTIAN ALFALFA WEEVIL (Hypera brunneipennis) - ARIZONA - Averaged 60 larvae and 30 adults per 100 sweeps of alfalfa in Yuma County field. (Ariz. Coop. Sur.). A WEEVIL (Sitona scissifrons) - MISSOURI - Specimen swept from alfalfa at Rock Port, Atchison County, May 9, 1968, by R.E. Munson. Determined by M. Tanner. This is a new State record. (Munson). PEA APHID (Acyrthosiphon pisum) - ARIZONA - Averaged 210 per 100 sweeps of alfalfa in one Yuma County field. riz. Coop. Sur.). NEW MEXICO - Light to moderately heavy in alfalfa in Luna and Dona Ana Counties. (Riddle). Ranged 100-200+ per Square foot in fields near Carlsbad and Artesia, Eddy County. (Mathews) . ARKANSAS - Survey remains negative in northwest areas. (Boyer) . GREEN CLOVERWORM (Plathypena scabra) - TEXAS - Moderate on clover in Madison County. (Coster). G3 s TOBACCO TOBACCO BUDWORM (Heliothis virescens) - NORTH CAROLINA - Loss by this species and H. zea (corn earworm) On tobacco during 1970 totalled $750,000. Controls applied to about 375,000 acres. (Hunt). DECIDUOUS FRUITS AND NUTS SAN JOSE SCALE (Quadraspidiotus perniciosus) - CALIFORNIA - Counts 20 per stem on almonds at Wheatland, Placer County. Increased past 2 years. (Cal. Coop. Rpt.). ALABAMA - Ten peach trees in small orchard heavily infested, several trees dead, in Coffee County. (Speed). WALNUT SCALE (Quadraspidiotus juglansregiae) - CALIFORNIA - Ranged 30-40 per limb on walnut trees locally at Fresno, Fresno County. (Cal. Coop. Rpt.). EUROPEAN FRUIT LECANIUM (Lecanium corni) - CALIFORNIA - Scattered counts of 5 per twig in 20-acre almond orchard at Roseville, Placer County, and 2 per twig at Orland, Glenn County. (Cal. Coop. Rpt.). CITRUS A LEAF ROLLER MOTH (Platynota stultana) - CALIFORNIA - Larvae 1 per orange fruit in nursery at Modesto, Stanislaus County, and in yard planting at La Mesa, San Diego County. (Cal. Coop. Rpt.). ORNAMENTALS AN ARMORED SCALE (Lepidosaphes pini) - PENNSYLVANIA - Specimens collected from mugho pine at Philadelphia, Philadelphia County, by S. Green October 8, 1970. Determined by M. Kosztarab. (Gesell). This is a new State record. Previously reported only from Maryland. (PPD). FOREST AND SHADE TREES A CYNIPID WASP (Callirhytis perdens) - CALIFORNIA - Heavy on oak trees in 5-acre stand at Somerset, El Dorado County. Many tips damaged. (Cal. Coop. Rpt.). PINE NEEDLE SCALE (Phenacaspis pinifoliae) - CALIFORNIA - Ranged 2-10 per needle on Pinus thunbergii (Japanese black pine) nursery stock at Fallbrook, San Diego County. (Cal. Coop. Rpt.). MAN AND ANIMALS SCREWWORM (Cochliomyia hominivorax) - No cases reported in U.S. January 31 to February 6. Total of 89 laboratory-confirmed cases reported in portion of Barrier Zone in Republic of Mexico as follows: Sonora 56, Chihuahua 5, Nuevo Leon 6, Tamaulipas 22. Total of 3 cases reported in Mexico south of Barrier Zone. Barrier Zone is area where eradication operation underway to prevent establishment of self-sustaining population in U.S. Sterile screwworm flies released: Texas 2,758,000; Mexico 101,280,000. (Anim. Health Div.). CATTLE GRUBS (Hypoderma spp.) - CALIFORNIA - Larvae of H. lineatum (common cattle grub) and H. bovis (™orthern cattle grub) emerged from cattle backs in October and in December. Normally pupation and emergence would be February; however, warm weather in Santa Barbara County activated some emergence. Northern counties will probably have near normal emergence. H. bovis does not occur naturally in State. (Cal. Coop. Rpt.). OKLAHOMA - H. lineatum ranged 5-30 per head on yearling cattle in Lincoln County and 0-12 (averaged 4) per head in Payne County. Moderate in Mayes County and light in Choctaw County. (Okla. Coop. Sur.). MISSOURI - Larvae of H. lineatum in 98 of 217 cattle at sales in central area. Checked 71 cows, 19 infested (averaged 1.7 larvae per animal). Checked 146 calves, 79 infested = 69) = (averaged 6.7 larvae per animal). (Ronald, Wingo). KENTUCKY - Hypoderma spp. ranged 0-20 (averaged 7) per animal on backs of Holstein cattle of various ages in Fayette County. (Barnett). CATTLE LICE —- ALABAMA - Remain light on cattle statewide. Reports indicate problems on some beef cattle herds in Wilcox and Bibb Counties. (Farquhar, Odom). OKLAHOMA - Mainly Haematopinus eurysternus (shortnosed cattle louse), averaged 4 per 10 hair parts on cattle in Payne County. Moderate in Bryan, Lincoln, and Mayes Counties. (Okla. Coop. Sur.). CALIFORNIA - Linognathus vituli (longnosed cattle louse) building up in herds of untreated cattle. Light in treated herds. (Loomis, Jan. 29). HOG LOUSE (Haematopinus suis) - OKLAHOMA - Heavy on hogs in Bryan County. (Okla. Coop. Sur.) WINTER TICK (Dermacentor albipictus) - OKLAHOMA - Heavy on cattle in Osage County. (Okla. Coop. Sur.). HOUSEHOLDS AND STRUCTURES SOUTHERN LYCTUS BEETLE (Lyctus planicollis) - CALIFORNIA - Infested oak flooring in supply house at Stockton, San Joaquin County. (Cal. Coop. Rpt.). SOUTHERN FIRE ANT (Solenopsis xyloni) - CALIFORNIA - Adults entering residence and biting inhabitants at Buena Park, Orange€ounty. (Cal. Coop. Rpt.). WESTERN SUBTERRANEAN TERMITE (Reticulitermes hesperus) - CALIFORNIA - Adults, 50 per sweep, emerged from house vent at Visalia, Tulare County. Warm weather following rain activated emergence about month earlier than usual. (Cal. Coop. Rpt.). STORED PRODUCTS RICE WEEVIL (Sitophilus oryzae) - TEXAS - Moderate to heavy in stored oats in Ward County. (Neeb). SAWTOOTHED GRAIN BEETLE (Oryzaephilus surinamensis) - KENTUCKY - Adults averaged 18 per pound of seed oats on February 2 at one location in Fayette County. (Barnett). DERMESTID BEETLES - CALIFORNIA - Trogotraps in mixed feed collected total of 85 larvae in supply store at Rosedale, Kern County, and 140 Trogoderma variabile larvae in seed house at Bakersfield. (Cal. Coop. Rpt.). BENEFICIAL INSECTS A LADY BEETLE (Coleomegilla maculata) - MISSISSIPPI - Overwintering adults averaged 25 per tree in trash beneath cottonwoods in Washington County. (Sartor). FEDERAL AND STATE PLANT PROTECTION PROGRAMS GYPSY MOTH (Porthetria dispar) - CONNECTICUT - Egg mass densities ranged 320- 1,953 per acre at Old Saybrook, Middlesex County; 4,075 acres involved. Defoliation expected to be 70 percent of woodland canopy. (Anderson, Jan. 29). PINK BOLLWORM (Pectinophora gossypiella) - NEW MEXICO - No larvae found in old bolls on standing stalks in Lewis Flats area, Luna County. (Riddle). = 0/0) = HAWAII INSECT REPORT Turf, Pasture: Adults of a SKIPPER (Hylephila phylaeus) light in grassy areas and on flowers of golden dewdrop (Duranta repens) at Hickam Air Force Base, Oahu. Light numbers at large at Salt Lake where first specimens collected September 1970. (Olson, Kajiwara, Kawamura) . General Vegetables - Larvae of SWEETPOTATO LEAFMINER (Bedellia orchilella) Severe in 0.5 acre of sweetpotato at Waiahole, Oahu; as many as 15 (averaged 10) per leaf. (Kashiwai). Larvae of TOMATO PINWORM (Keiferia lycopersicella) heavy in 0.25 acre of tomato at Omapio, Maui; about 80 percent of leaves affected. This is a new island record. Previously unreported from Maui, now occurs on every major island except Lanai. (Hori). Percent parasitism of BEAN FLY (Melanagromyza phaseoli) by Opius spp. (braconids) in field collected snap bean material on Kauai was 100 at Koloa and zero at Lihue; parasitism in cowpea material collected at Mana, Waimea, and Kapaa ranged 0-87 (average 31) percent. Sampling from severely infested snap bean planting at Waimanalo, Oahu, yielded 15 percent parasitism; sampling from 0.5-acre soybean planting in same area Showed 50 percent parasitism. (Sugawa, Kawamura) . General Pests - A PLATASPID BUG (Coptosoma xanthogramma) heavy on Mucuna sp. at Kapoho and on snap beans at Papaikou, Hawaii. Generally trace on Erythrina sp. at Ewa, Oahu; light on some terminals, as many as 2 nymphs and/or adults per terminal. (Yoshioka, Kawamura). Miscellaneous Insects - Nymphs and adults of SOUTHERN GREEN STINK BUG (Nezara viridula) moderate in 3 acres of wild bittermelon (Momordica charantia) and maunaloa (Canavalia cathartica) at Ahukini, Kauai; light on spiny amaranth (Amaranthus Spinosus) and popolo (Solanum nigrum) at Ewa, Oahu; one adult and/or nymph per Sweep. Parasites nil at both areas. (Sugawa, Kawamura). Larvae of KOA HAOLE LOOPER (Anacamptodes fragilaria) caused severe defoliation of koa haole, klu, and kiawe at Waimea, Kekaha, and Mana, Kauai; 90-100 percent defoliation in about 1,500 acres in these areas. Sweeping of wayside koa haole at Waipahu showed 5:1 ratio of this pest and Semiothisa sp., probably santaremaria (a geometrid). (Sugawa, Kawamura). DETECTION New State Records - AN ARMORED SCALE (Lepidosaphes pini) PENNSYLVANIA - Philadelphia County (p. 68). A WEEVIL (Sitona scissifrons) MISSOURI - Atchison County, (re 67): New County and Island Records - ALFALFA WEEVIL (Hypera postica) TEXAS - Brazoria (p. 67). NORTHERN CORN ROOTWORM (Diabrotica longicornis) MARYLAND - St. Marys, Worcester (p. 67). TOMATO PINWORM (Keiferia lycopersicella) HAWAII - Maui (> 70) » LIGHT TRAP COLLECTIONS FLORIDA - Gainesville, 1/29-2/4, BL - Armyworm (Pseudaletia unipuncta) 1, black cutworm (Agrotis ipsilon) 4, granulate cutworm (Feltia Subterranea) 10. DISTRIBUTION AND ABUNDANCE OF THE CORN EARWORM IN THE UNITED STATES J. Wendell Snow and W. W. Copeland 1/ The corn earworm (Heliothis zea (Boddie)) is probably the most destructive pest of American agriculture because of its wide geographic distribution and number of economic host crops. Considerable attention has been given to the areawide sup- pression of this species. However, the scope of such a concept is limited until more basic biological information becomes available. More data are needed on activity patterns of the insect in its varying ecological niches throughout the country. Equally great is the need to determine the overwintering area of the species. Data pertaining to these needs are scattered throughout the "Cooperative Economic Insect Report" (CEIR) published over the last 19 years. We have tried to Summarize these data from 1951 through 1969 as well as literature reports of overwintering areas. Chronological activity is plotted geographically in Figure 1. The numerical value within State boundaries indicates the number of reports from each State within the period 1951 through 1969. Weather data for the United States were obtained from the Department of Commerce (1968), and the mean dates of the last spring freeze over the past 50 years were plotted. Shaded areas in Figure 1 show geographically the varying dates of the last spring freeze. It appears that the mean date of the last spring freeze and Heliothis spp. activity relate directly. Soil temperatures would be of equal importance but, unfortunately, adequate records are not available. The corn earworm progresses through continuous generations in the southern por- tions of Florida and Texas. Both areas, as well as Louisiana, have small por- tions that average only 2 days per year with temperatures below 32°F. Based on larval reports for January and February, the normal northern limit of continuous activity in Florida probably extends as far north as Gainesville. The Brownsville and Weslaco area of Texas is definitely a continuous generation area based on light trap captures in all months of the year (CEIR). The northern limit probably extends a few miles north of these locations. Light trap and larval report data fail to show evidence of continuous generations in any of the other Southern States including Louisiana. Table 1 shows monthly larval reports of these States and those of California, Arizona, and New Mexico. More reports are noted for each of the States than indicated in Figure 1 because single reports often covered several months and locations. These are considered separately to show monthly activity. Based on data in this table, argument could be raised that these Western States serve as continuous generation areas in some years. The solid dark portion of Figure 1 shows the area of "some years no freeze." This area extends from South Carolina to Oregon, and could serve as a continuous gen- eration area during the no-freeze years. Activity of moths and larvae in this dark shaded area begins in February to March. In the dotted light area (last spring freeze before March 30) larval and light trap activity begin in early March to April. This area extends all the way from Virginia to Washington, Earlier activity in the eastern portions of South Carolina, North Carolina, and Virginia, and in southern California and Arizona are consistent each year (CEIR). Activity begins in the light shaded area (last spring freeze March 30-April 30) in April to June and extends from Maine to Washington. Heliothis spp. activity recorded in CEIR reports for these States is generally earlier than other litera- ture reports and places some doubt on earlier conclusions that infestations in the North are the results of migrations from the South. The unshaded portion (last We Entomology Research Division, Agricultural Research Service = 7 = = 72 —= spring freeze April 30-May 30) shows activity beginning in late June to August. Activity begins in the dark area with white dots (last spring freeze after May 30) in August and represents the coldest areas of the United States. This as well as the unshaded area iS a non-overwintering area, and the activity in any speci- fic portion depends greatly on the distance from an overwintering area. Northern Overwintering Limit.--The "Cooperative Economic Insect Report" and other available literature indicate that the northern overwintering limit of Heliothis spp. in the United States corresponds to the area of the last spring freeze before April 30 (light shaded area in Figure 1). Metcalf and Flint (1951) con- cluded that it was very doubtful if pupae could survive above 40° north latitude, Blanchard et al. (1964) stated that the boundary was 38° latitude in the central United States. Hardwick (1965) says "The region in which winter pupal survival is possible but hazardous seems to correspond roughly with the Upper Austral Zone." Locations of successful overwintering and total winterkill are shown in Figure 1. On the eastern seaboard, Barber (1939) reported that the corn earworm could survive the winter in sandy soil in West Dennis, Massachusetts; Milford, Connect- icut; and Mount Carmel, Connecticut, but could not overwinter in the northern part of Connecticut. He cited emergence as beginning in June. Bourne et al. (CEIR 4(1):12, 1954) stated in a summary of insect conditions for Massachusetts in 1953 that "The early appearance of well-developed larvae would indicate the pest successfully overwintered at least in the Connecticut Valley and south- eastern Massachusetts." Overwintering is well-documented throughout Delaware, New Jersey, and Maryland (Ditman and Cory 1931, 1933; Ditman 1943; Burbutis in CEIR 19(21) :357, 1969). Pepper (1941) stated that "Records show that large numbers of pupae are able to survive the winter in the sandy soils of southern New Jersey, whereas a much smaller number survive in northern New Jersey." Winter survival in New York occurs only on Long Island and in the Hudson River Valley (Carruth 1937, 1949). Adults are present in June. In Pennsylvania, Felt (1925) stated that 'The corn earworm probably does not over- winter in any numbers north of southern Pennsylvania." Blanchard (1942) showed corn earworm Survival in Carlisle, Pennsylvania, as well as Arlington, Virginia; Moorestown, New Jersey; Lexington, Kentucky; West Dennis, Massachusetts; Marietta, Ohio; Charleston and Valley Park, Missouri; Ewing and Urbana, Illinois; Fayette- ville, Arkansas; Lafayette, Indiana; Stillwater, Oklahoma; Wichita and Manhattan, Kansas; and Prosser and Walla Walla, Washington. These locations are shown in Figure 1. Lugger (1895) stated that Minnesota probably has a complete kill of Heliothis spp. pupae each year. In Wisconsin, moths were reported as emerging from the Arlington area in which the last freeze occurs before April 30 (CEIR 13 (29) :815, 1963). Another report (CEIR 15(27):707, 1965) from Wisconsin cited overwintering pupae reSponsible for adults noted at the end of June. In Ohio, Williams (1923) and Houser (1935) reported overwintering as far north as Chillicothe but declared that it probably did not occur north of this area. Blanchard (1942) found a complete winterkill in the Toledo area during 1935-1939. Walter (1938) reported a single moth emerging at Lafayette, Indiana, while none emerged at Auburn or Orleans, Indiana. Blanchard (1942) also reported hibernation at Lafayette. Everly et al. (CEIR 13(4):48, 1963) stated that overwintering in southern Indiana has been found occasionally but that infestation in late summer originates from moths flying in from the South. Brown et al. (1943) stated that few pupae survived the severe winters of northern Missouri. Based on work by Phillips and King (1923), Phillips and Barber (1929), Barber and Dicke (1939), and Blanchard and Douglas (1953), overwintering is well-established throughout Virginia. Emergence of moths begins in the latter part of May. In Kentucky, Emmert and Price (1942) report a small percentage of moths surviving the winter beyond Lexington. Moth activity begins in May (Garman and Jewett 1914). Barber (1941) established hibernation for the species around Savannah, Georgia, with moth emergence beginning in March (Barber and Dicke, 1939). In Kansas, Headlee (1910) reports the third generation as the overwintering brood. The "Cooperative Economic Insect Report" (17(8):122, 1967) states that the species does not over- winter in Montana, =i = A report from Utah (CEIR 2(5):60, 1952) indicates that "Surviving pupae in the soil in northern Utah averaged 0.004 per square foot in April 1952, as compared to 0.009 in 1950 and 0.007 in 1951."' This is the only report of overwintering beyond the area with the last spring freeze before April 30. In Colorado, evi- dence (CEIR 6(20):424, 1956) is cited for successful overwintering in Otero County, within the zone of the last freeze before April 30. In Texas, Parencia (1964) reports overwintering in Waco, and Fletcher (1937) at College Station. Overwintering is cited in Oklahoma (Moorehouse 1908) and in Arkansas (Isely 1935; Boyer et al. in CEIR 13(7):109, 1963). Activity begins in these States during April. In Washington, Eichmann (1940) reports winter survival at Prosser and Walla Walla but not at Spokane. Activity normally begins in June in Washington (CEIR for 1963, 1965, 1969). Summary.--The corn earworm Shows an amazing ability to survive in most areas of the United States. Time of first activity appears closely related to the date of the last spring freeze. Proof can be offered for continuous generations only in southern Florida and southern Texas. Continuous generations are limited by low temperatures in any particular year. First adult activity apparently begins earlier in most areas of the country than generally reported in the literature, The apparent northern limit for overwintering coincides with the last spring freeze before April 30. A possibility exists that damage to corn and other crops in these States is the result of local overwintering populations rather than migrations from the South as commonly reported. LITERATURE CITED U.S. DEPT, COMMERCE. 1968. Climatic atlas of the United States. U.S. Government Printing Office, Washington, D.C, 80 pp. BARBER, G, W., and DICKE, F, F. 1937. The effectiveness of cultivation as a control for the corn earworm. USDA Tech. Bul. 561, 16 pp. BARBER, G. W. 1939, Hibernation of the corn earworm in southern Connecticut. Conn. Agr. Expt. Sta. Bul. 419, 27 pp. BARBER, G. W., and DICKE, F, F, 1939, Effect of temperature and moisture on overwintering pupae of the corn earworm in the Northeastern States. J. Agr. Res. 59:711-723. BARBER, G, W. 1941. Hibernation of the corn earworm in southeastern Georgia. USDA Tech. Bul. 791, 17 pp. BLANCHARD, R, A, 1942, Hibernation of the corn earworm in the central and northeastern parts of the United States. USDA Tech, Bul. 838, 14 pp. BLANCHARD, R. A., and DOUGLAS, W. A, 1953, The corn earworm aS an enemy of field corn in the Eastern States. USDA Farmer's Bul. 1651, 15 pp. BLANCHARD, R. A., DOUGLAS, W. A., and HENDERSON, C, A. 1964, Temperature and rainfall as they affect corn earworm damage to dent corn. USDA, ARS 33-97, 8 pp. BROWN, H. E., VINSON, C, G., and HASEMAN, L. 1943. Protect roasting ears from worms. Mo. Agr. Expt. Sta. Cir. 270, 8 pp. CARRUTH, L. A. 1937. Seek effective control of corn earworm, Farm Research. 3(@)n6; 147 CARRUTH, L, A, 1949. The corn earworm and its control. N.Y. Agr. Expt. Sta. Cir. 190, 14 pp. = YA = DITMAN, L, P., and CORY, E, N, 1931. The corn earworm biology and control. Md. Agr. Expt. Sta. Bul. 328:480-482, DITMAN, L, P., and CORY, E. N. 1933. Corn earworm studies. Md. Agr. Expt. Sta. Bul. 348:525-543, DITMAN, L, P. 1943. The corn earworm infestation of 1942. J. Econ. Ent. 36:629-630, EICHMANN, R, D. 1940. Corn earworm hibernates in Washington State. J. Econ. Ent. 33:951-952., EMMERT, E, M., and PRICE, W. A, 1942. Control of the corn earworm by clipping. Ky. Agr. Expt. Sta. Bul. 436, 10 pp. FELT, E, P. 1925, The dissemination of insects by air currents, J. Econ. Ent. 18:152-158. FLETCHER, R. K, 1937. Cotton bollworm: Hibernation and spring emergences, Tex. Agr. Expt. Sta. Ann. Rpt. 50:63-64, GARMAN, H., and JEWETT, H, H, 1914. The life history and habits of the corn earworm (Chloridea obsoleta). Ky. Agr. Expt. Sta. Bul. 187:511-591, HARDWICK, D, F., 1965. The corn earworm complex, Ent. Soc. Can. Mem. No. 40, 247 pp. HEADLEE, T, J. 1910. Notes on the corn earworm. J. Econ. Ent. 3:149-157. HOUSER, J. S. 1935. The Ohio Veg. Growers Assoc, Ann. Meeting 20:27-34., ISELY, DWIGHT, 1935, Relation of hosts to abundance of cotton bollworm. Ark. Agr. Expt. Sta. Bul. 320, 30 pp. LUGGER, OTTO. 1895. Insects injurious in 1895. Minn. Agr. Expt. Sta. Bul. 43:198. METCALF, E, L., and FLINT W, P, 1951. Destructive and useful insects, Edition 3. McGraw-Hill Book Co., New York, N.Y. 1071 pp. MOORHOUSE, L. A., and NICHOLSON, J. F. 1908. Cotton culture. Okla. Agr. Expt. Sta, Bul, 77:54-56, PARENCIA, C, R, 1964, Winter survival of the bollworm in central Texas. J. Econ, Ent. 57:757-758. PEPPER, B. B. 1941. The corn earworm and its control on sweet corn. N.J. Were. Nps Seely (Calie, Gils}, 1S) joys)- PHILLIPS, W, J., and KING, K, M. 1923, The corn earworm, its ravages on field corn and suggestions for control. USDA Farmer's Bul. 1310, 17 pp. PHILLIPS, W, J., and BARBER, G, W. 1929. A study of hibernation of the corn earworm in Virginia. Va. Agr. Expt. Sta. Bul. 40, 24 pp. WALTER, E, V. 1938. Fifty-first annual report of Purdue University Agriculture Experiment Station for year ending June 30, 1938. 57 pp. WILLIAMS, W. P. 1923. Pupal hibernation; chemical control. Ohio Agr. Expt. Sta. Ann. Rpt. 42:39-40. i) ST ol G 0 0 (0) 0) 0 9 GL Or 96 I SOT 89T €Ll 9 (0) €&T OL I Taqua.aq TIquaaon I39q01900 Tequay,dag ysnsny Arne oune Aen Trady yorey Aqrenaiqay Azenuee OO —————____ eprsolg BTd1OADH ewueqely TddtSstsstw BeueTSTNOT Sexo] il OOTXeW MON BeuozTay BIULOFTTeD yquoW —_—_——— eer COCO eee — — — ———————__..N_______ “696I-IS61L ‘}40dey yOOSUT OTWOUOD| 2eATeLadOOD woaz e1eG "S8}8}g9 Ute4SeM pue UTeYANOG [eLeAaS WOTF S}ZAOdaa [eATe]T wWAOMAvS UTOD ATYLUOW “*T eTqQeyZ Activity of Corn Earworm ate eeeeees eee ee See rER SES sake sahe nee eee eee eee anes sanenegeees : egedanenanevensevorennene® st LOR = an cceneenggesae eens ® aonnee eweecesneree® seep eeeee ae weene: eqwenbenae om, a enc ee ete REN cence geese a sevcrsnecensstensereneee 76 MUMERALS +++** Nunber of reports MONTH to MONTH+«+ Period of begin . Agr. Ins. Rpt. 71-76, 1971 U.S. Dept. Coop. Econ. 21(7) ct SN TINLOU S, ie 2 a Boh e Se Oe = aS a ae a ee ee x bran: ols eee, SO aoe pee eee ee ee Fe ESE ee ee eS = So RES (OSG tree ~ ee ee Re a ae es oo 8 og On ee pe ae as oe eo RES nee Oe ee ee = Se > Bs ve ese aa pt isos * oo pode <2 eT Sea * © dete) Ce = Bon SS a a ee Wea ER eee wee oS ee ee ee SSR Se eee = B See”) “ z Bhi a eS Se OE ea ee See OR OB ee ON Se ee aia: Ghaay’ pene eam rae Sgn = _ SA . 6 * nS My St LG fake Weather of the week continued from page 66. TEMPERATURE: Temperatures during the week ranged widely. Miami, Florida, registered 84° Monday afternoon, Hayward, Wisconsin, -39° Tuesday morning. Cold weather prevailed over much of the Nation early in the week. Subzero temperatures were common in a score of Northern States from Montana to New England, and as far south as Kentucky where London recorded -10° Tuesday morning. Subfreezing temperatures occurred in all the continental States Tuesday morning, when Jackson, Mississippi, registered 32° and Jacksonville, Florida, 30°. Moist gulf air pushed northward over mid-America about midweek. Dodge City, Kansas, registered 63° Wednesday afternoon. On Thursday the mercury at West Plains climbed to 60°, 28° warmer than the previous day. Bitter cold continued over the northern Great Plains and eastward to New England, where afternoon temperatures remained below freezing through the entire week. Sunday was especially cold. Minimums dropped to zero or lower as far south as northern Kansas, and afternoon temperatures failed to go as high as zero at some localities in the northern portions of Nebraska and Iowa. The temperature at Waterloo, Iowa, reached -30° Sunday afternoon and plunged to -25° Monday morning, February 8. Temperatures averaged above normal in the Great Basin and much colder than normal over most areas east of the Continental Divide. (Summary supplied by Environmental Data Service, ESSA.) ma?) i ae to he Af fy f RL Up 4 Vi os < UNITED STATES’ DEPARTMENT OF AGR 4 cae Hyattsville, Maryland 20782 Logit AL BUSINESS sal ment of Agricultu N004 USENLINATA122 03001 0001 US ENTOMOLOGY LIBRARY DEPT ENTOM NATIGNAL MUSEUM WASHINGTON DC 20560 3 Jee wy VOL. 2 No.8 oo. February 19, 1971 ECONOMIC INSECT. —S _~ oes oe . f 0 ki JOS HSON; > EA a ay oda FEB QS = Ns Sg) x . i VEGETABLE WEEVIL (Listroderes costirostris obliquus) larval damage was heavy to dichondra lawns in scattered CALIFORNIA locations. Damage was more noticeable than in recent years, Adults of the STRAWBERRY ROOT WEEVIL (Brachyrhinus ovatus) and B. rugosostriatus were unusually numerous in canyon areas of northern and central UTAH. SWEETPOTATO FLEA BEETLE (Chaetocnema confinis) was a major pest of dichondra lawns in the Salt River Valley and TucSon areaS of Maricopa and Pima Counties, ARIZONA. This pest damages lawns which are under stress and is most active from mid-May through September. This problem has developed in recent years. HAIRY CHINCH BUG (Blissus leucopterus hirtus) severely injured lawns in several areas in southern NEW HAMPSHIRE, and caused browning and loss of sod. During the period from mid-August to mid-October lawn damage was much heavier than usual in PENNSYLVANIA. This pest was most abundant in eastern and south-central sections and damage was reported from all areas of State. CHINCH BUG (Blissus leucopterus leucopterus) in MARYLAND, required controls in Prince Georges, Montgomery, and Baltimore Counties. Lawns were damaged in the Kanawha Valley and other WEST VIRGINIA areas, Most damage appeared in late August and September, but adults and nymphs were present in late July. Moderate numbers damaged St. Augustine grass lawns in Bryan County, OKLAHOMA, in mid-August. SOUTHERN CHINCH BUG (Blissus insularis) continued to be a severe pest of untreated St. Augustine grass lawns throughout FLORIDA. Populations in Everglades area pastures were lighter than in 1969 although 1970 was dryer and more favorable for the insect. Some St. Augustine grass pastures had small areas showing damage. CHINCH BUGS (Blissus spp.) were again prevalent in coastal areas of OREGON in the fall. Chinch bugs caused browning of entire lawns at Newport, Lincoln County, and considerable damage to a lawn at Salem, Marion County. TWOLINED SPITTLEBUG (Prosapia bicincta) was heavy in light traps and continued comparatively heavy into fall in the Everglades area of FLORIDA. Some pastures showed typical bronzing discoloration in St. Augustine grass during late summer. This grass recovers fairly well from twolined spittlebug infestations. This species was mainly a pest of Coastal Bermuda grass in central and southern ALABAMA and of lawn grasses in isolated southeastern and southwestern areas of the State. Twolined spittlebug was observed about mid-May in Charleston County, SOUTH CAROLINA. The statewide infestation was less than usual. probably due to dry weather. BANKS GRASS MITE (Oligonychus pratensis) caused heavy damage to crested wheatgrass in Esmeralda County, NEVADA, in early June. Numbers were reduced to subeconomic levels by rain and snow. Heavy numbers on timothy hay in Lyon County in June required chemical controls, Small, localized infestations on various grasses in other areas were of no concern except in experimental seed plots of Kentucky bluegrass in Washoe County and on crested wheatgrass in Lander County. Populations of a GRASSHOPPER (Schistocerca obscura) in FLORIDA, were somewhat less numerous and economic damage was lighter than 1969. A surprising development was _that some of the most economic wireworm species were effective egg predators of this grasshopper. The most important grasshoppers in ALABAMA were REDLEGGED GRASSHOPPER (Melanoplus femurrubrum) , DIFFERENTIAL GRASSHOPPER (M. differentialis), and AMERICAN GRASSHOPPER (Schistocerca americana). These species were found statewide with M. femurrubrum dominant. Most Serious damage occurred on 2- to 6-leaf clover seedlings during the fall. Se dieses Sie S pes 4 A. ttev TLe land 20782. Lyf 4 ee ye ° 0004 USENLINATA122 03001 0001 | US ENTOMOLOGY LIBRARY DEPT ENTOM NATIONAL MUSEUM WASHINGTON DC 20569 ig VOL. 21 No. 12 March 19, 1971 Y \o Cooperative ECONOMIC INSECT REPORT mt HSN. a “Aa MAR 23 1971 } Ligparitse Issued by PLANT PROTECTION DIVISION AGRICULTURAL RESEARCH SERVICE UNITED STATES DEPARTMENT OF AGRICULTURE AGRICULTURAL RESEARCH SERVICE PLANT PROTECTION DIVISION ECONOMIC INSECT SURVEY AND DETECTION The Cooperative Economic Insect Report is issued weekly as a service to American Agriculture. Its contents are compiled from information supplied by cooperating State, Federal, and industrial entomologists and other agricul- tural workers. In releasing this material the Division serves aS a clearing house and does not assume responsi- bility for accuracy of the material. To facilitate mailroom handling, all reports, inquiries, and other matters pertaining to this release, including the mailing list, should be sent to: The Editors, CEIR Economic Insect Survey and Detection Plant Protection Division, ARS, USDA Federal Center Building Hyattsville, Maryland 20782 Volume 21 March 19, 1971 Number 12 COOPERATIVE ECONOMIC INSECT REPORT HIGHLIGHTS Current Conditions CORN LEAF APHID required controls on barley in New Mexico. (p. 161). GREENBUG heavy on small grain in Rolling Plains of Texas and portions of Oklahoma and New Mexico. (p. 161). ALFALFA WEEVIL increasing in southwest Arkansas. (p. 162). Detection An ENCYRTID WASP reported for the first time from Hawaii. (p. 165). For new county records see page 165. Special Reports Summary of Insect Conditions in the United States - 1970: Forage Legumes (pp. 166-176). Soybeans (pp. 176-178). Peanuts (pp. 178-179). Cotton (pp. 179-184). Tobacco (p. 182). Sugar Beets (pp. 183-184). Miscellaneous Field Crops (p. 184). Distribution of Alfalfa Weevil. Map. (p. 168). Gypsy Moth Quarantines. Map. Centerfold. Predictions MEADOW SPITTLEBUG damage on alfalfa and red clover in Illinois expected to be noneconomic in 1971. (p. 173). GRASSHOPPERS expected to be troublesome on soybeans and corn in 1971 in central and southern Illinois. (Gag TEAS Some First Occurrences of Season WESTERN TENT CATERPILLAR in Arizona. SUBTERRANEAN TERMITE adults in Delaware, Iowa, and Colorado. Reports in this issue are for week ending March 12 unless otherwise indicated. oO - 160 - CONTENTS Insects Affecting Corn, Sorghum, Sugarcane.....cece..-161 Smell Creating oooodcocad0bo00b 000 OGL Forase LeSumests cs cicia clelorelclelelclelelotelehere Ol Deciduous Fruits and Nuts.........162 Specialipinsects) of sResiionala sioniktalcanc Crycuereretelonencielerciolorcichetaloleiereicioicnelcholelelioicrsieieieree ow: Ornamentals yerieleierelelefelsleleieleveicierarenenatos Man jand) Antimaplisiiesreleteielecicleleicteriererer lon Households and Structures........164 SiGOLEA FProduciGS yc eyeleretehelelslelalener elses Os (CalitHsUShevereneicvelelelelionstotevelonstelerelonenencielenerener AO BeneticmalisinsSectShrcrtetetsteleleloneneterclolctenelaieiaisleloletetcheleloicderaieleleveketevevekeltctedcrstatelokekenetoheheteteta ier saci hedexral) and State Plant) Protection PrOPGAMS|s ee lclclelel slelelele) selelelelelelicleleleleloleloleleneterenenerer Ore linl@ios UereA) Colile@iniloms >, gacgo00 50000000 DDDO DDD DD ODD OOD DD ODD ODD OOOO ODDDDDCODD OOOO Ilse! Hawaiian se cite poratrelsvatstercdentelelevereheteneielenelelolencicleleleveverercteleveletenelelelereielolcreneloneleterohareleme pt me pa DHESOWIOING D500 D0 CODD CO ODD DDODDD ODD ODO DDDDDDDOO DD bDdODODDODDDDDODDDDDODC OOD ODO LES COTTE CSEAlONS\aietetelelelelolelelelelelchctovelonerelelevelcteleletalel clos voicie olalioielclsiellclclchslsiehelalel ene chelelehclolcheistekeneter soo Summary of Insect Conditions in the United States - 1970. Forage POBUMCB ce re eer tine tery reece ce o0 0 ciieielenite cidelr: ctor felch: lilo ial aa PREAMPS 556 CODD D0DDDODDDO DDO ODDNDOODDDDDD DDD DODO DOO DOD OD ODODDODD DODD DDDO DCO OO OLTES SOV DCAM Sepelelelelekotehslelelclelolslcicheleliclelelolslevetolelcheleletelsielelalchelouelelolslsislcialolelelalatalclellolstatekel=ieine CoititonlercretonclotelhenevelototehelclclorenereielstercliclcleiclslevelctcieteleNelolohoteletcietctelictelchehcielclclclolotoiehelai-lolcl-aenenar athe) MODAC COnveleveleialevclolehonoleicieneictelelalcrenelelonelekeletelsienetotokel oleic evelchcnoneielenctenedstcreetellencnenen one henenene ten a SUPA BCEUESE ye rclelelerclelelcherchetelelcienclehehetetetereveliekeballevel lelelalclotercialetslelepsictelaloletoiel«lelcteloteieletelemetar ions Miscellaneous sEieliGdm COS relerelelelckenelclelelclciclerotelclieicliclekenelelehelensheleienclaleleneienclcnenelelsRelenaranen Cort Dist vralbuta on wot Altalctian Wee eleca Male ciclelclelelenelenciekehene) cleyeleneneleterelekehelohstelereicneletenensteneieten as! Gypsy Moth Quarantines. Map. Centerfold, WEATHER OF THE WEEK ENDING MARCH 15 HIGHLIGHTS: Cool weather early in the week was followed by a gradual warmup with near record maximums at the weekend. Blizzards occurred in the North, thunder- storms and a few tornadoes in the South. PRECIPITATION: Snow flurries and blustery wind lingered from the Great Lakes to New England early in the week on the back side of a storm as it moved off the coast to the Atlantic Ocean. Travel was difficult in some areas. Snow flurries dotted the northern Rocky Mountains. A deep low in the Gulf of Alaska moved toward the northern Pacific Coast. It brought wet and windy weather to the north- west. Winds at Cape Blanco, Oregon, gusted to 71 m.p.h. Wednesday afternoon. Rain fell along the coast and more snow accumulated in the nearby mountains. Bright sunny weather prevailed in the South at the beginning of the week, but a low developed and clouds and winds increased. Heavy thunderstorms broke out and hail pelted spots in Arkansas and Louisiana. At Deridder, Louisiana, winds gusted to 100 m.p.h. Tuesday evening. Wet and windy weather spread to the middle Mississippi and Ohio Valley regions. Snow fell from Iowa to Indiana late Tuesday, before spreading northeastward to already snowbound New York and New England. By noon Wednesday, Seasonal snowfall at Syracuse, New York, had reached 141.8 inches, only 5 inches less than their alltime record seasonal total. By Thursday evening, Portland, Maine, had received 8 inches of new snow bringing their total for the season to 125.6 inches and setting a new Seasonal record. Records at Portland began in 1881. Their previous seasonal record total was 119.1 inches of snow which fell in the 1933-34 season. A storm in the intermountain region caused rain along the northern and central Pacific coast Friday. Moving eastward, it brought snow flurries to the northern Rocky Mountains and northern Great Plains. Winds at Lander, Wyoming, gusted to 84 m.p.h. Saturday morning. Blowing dust occurred over the Plains in New Mexico and western Texas which were becoming very dry. Tornadoes occurred at a number of locations in southern Oklahoma and north- eastern Texas. A tornado 26 miles west of Texarkana, Arkansas, killed 1 person, injured several,and destroyed numerous houses. Weather of the week continued on page 184. = els SPECIAL INSECTS OF REGIONAL SIGNIFICANCE ARMY CUTWORM (Euxoa auxiliaris) - COLORADO - Surveys negative on wheat in Larimer and Weld Counties. Snow and cold weather kept populations inactive. (Johnson). CORN LEAF APHID (Rhopalosiphum maidis) - NEW MEXICO - Controls needed on some barley in Luna and Hidalgo Counties. (N.M. Coop. Rpt.). GREENBUG (Schizaphis graminum) - TEXAS - Heavy in Rolling Plains area. Infesta- tions severe in some small grain in Baylor and Knox Counties. Controls applied to some small grain in Wichita and Wilbarger Counties. Greenbug noted in Foard, Hardeman, and Young Counties. Small grains growing well in northern area near Denton, Denton County. Populations decreased past month. (Boring, Turney). OKLAHOMA -— Ranged 150-1,000 per linear foot of wheat in Washita and Roger Mills Counties; parasites active in most areas. Controls applied in some areas of Washita County. Range per linear foot of wheat: 50-125 in Jackson County, up to 300 in Tillman County, 0-100 in Kiowa County; heavy in some fields in Cotton County. Considerable spray applied, especially in Cotton County, and most fields in Frederick area of Tillman County sprayed. Ranged 20-25 per linear foot of wheat in Terral area, Jefferson County. (Okla. Coop. Sur.). NEW MEXICO - Generally light on barley, heavy in some fields, in Dexter, Hagerman, and Roswell areas of Chaves County. (Mathews). COLORADO - Survey negative on wheat in Larimer and Weld Counties. (Johnson). WASHINGTON - Very light in Benton and Franklin Counties. (Klostermeyer). SPOTTED ALFALFA APHID (Therioaphis maculata) - NEW MEXICO - Generally light on alfalfa in Dexter, Hagerman, and Roswell areas of Chaves County. Heavier popula- tions noted on some young alfalfa and controls required. (Mathews). OKLAHOMA - Ranged 20-150 per square foot of alfalfa in Davidson area of Tillman County. Averaged 250 per square foot in Davis area field, Murray County. Found in 2 of 3 fields in Bryan County (averaged 50 per square foot in one and 10 per linear foot in other, fall seeded field) and in 1 of 2 fields in Choctaw County (averaged 10 per square foot). None found in 6 fields in Johnston, Marshall, Murray, Garvin, and McClain Counties. (Okla. Coop. Sur.). CORN, SORGHUM, SUGARCANE EUROPEAN CORN BORER (Ostrinia nubilalis) - DELAWARE - No pupation of overwintering borers as of March 10. (Burbutis). MARYLAND - No pupation on Eastern Shore. (U. Md., Ent. Dept.). SMALL GRAINS BROWN WHEAT MITE (Petrobia latens) - OKLAHOMA - Ranged 300-500 per linear foot in most wheat in Cotton, Tillman, and Jackson Counties. Wheat continues very dry throughout area. (Okla. Coop. Sur.). FORAGE LEGUMES ALFALFA WEEVIL (Hypera postica) -— TEXAS - Specimens collected from burclover and yellow blossom clover in Lee, Fayette, Gonzales, Victoria, Refugio, San Patricio, Nueces, Jim Wells, Duval, and Atascosa Counties week ending March 5. Larvae and adults currently collected from same hosts in Trinity, Polk, Walker, and San Jacinto Counties. Also recovered from pecan trash samples in San Saba County. All are new county records. (Green, Anderson). Heavy on alfalfa in Erath and Burleson Counties. (Latham, Hoelscher). OKLAHOMA - Counts in 6 alfalfa fields in Johnston, Bryan, Marshall, and Choctaw Counties showed 40-100 percent of terminals infested with 1-7 larvae per terminal in most fields. Larvae very small to about two-thirds grown. Counts in 2 fields in Murray County averaged 52 percent of terminals infested with 1-5 larvae per terminal; in 2 fields in Garvin and McClain Counties infested terminals ranged 12-16 percent with 1-2 larvae per terminal. Alfalfa in these counties 2-5 inches tall. Damage to new growth ranged 50-90 = 162 - percent in scattered fields in Bryan and Choctaw Counties, averaged fewer than 5 percent in most others. Adults found only in one field in Johnston County, single mating pair collected. McClain is a new county record. Larvae averaged 2 per linear foot in fall-seeded alfalfa in southern Bryan County. (Okla. Coop. Sur.). ARKANSAS - Alfalfa weevil continues to increase slowly and some economic infesta- tions in southwest area. Some treatments applied. Cooler temperatures affecting materials used and some retreatment needed. (Barnes). MISSISSIPPI - Larvae per 20 stems of alfalfa by county: Marshall 37, Pontotoc 49, and Oktibbeha 27. (Sartor). KENTUCKY - Eggs averaged 159 per square foot in alfalfa in Fayette County. Count 5-7 times higher than for same period in 1970. (Barnett). MISSOURI - Average overwintering egg yield per square foot by county: Clark 4, Ralls 28, St. Charles 395, Ste. Genevieve 335, Cape Girardeau 198, New Madrid 142, Grundy 0, Macon 11.4, Boone 122.2, Laclede 74, Benton 0.8, and Greene 44, (Huggans, Hanning). CLOVER LEAF WEEVIL (Hypera punctata) - CALIFORNIA - Averaged one adult per sweep in 20-acre alfalfa planting at Clovis, Fresno County. (Cal. Coop. Rpt.). NEW MEXICO - Averaged about one per square yard on alfalfa in Chaves County. (Mathews). PEA APHID (Acyrthosiphon pisum) - NEW MEXICO —- Light on forage legumes in Chaves, Eddy, and Dona Ana Counties. (N.M. Coop. Rpt.). OKLAHOMA - Light, up to 10 per square foot, in 5 of 12 alfalfa fields in Johnston, Bryan, Marshall, Murray, Garvin, Choctaw, and McClain Counties. (Okla. Coop. Sur.). COWPEA APHID (Aphis craccivora) - OKLAHOMA - Ranged 1-3 per stem on occasional alfalfa plant in Davis area, Murray County. (Okla. Coop. Sur.). DECIDUOUS FRUITS AND NUTS ITALIAN PEAR SCALE (Epidiaspis leperii) - CALIFORNIA - Medium on apricot trees at Fremont and on walnut trees in MisSion San Jose, Alameda County. (Cal. Coop. HFG) 6 OLIVE SCALE (Parlatoria oleae) - CALIFORNIA - Ranged 4-60 per limb on scattered almond trees at Orland, Glenn County. (Cal. Coop. Rpt.). PUTNAM SCALE (Diaspidiotus ancylus) - CALIFORNIA - Infested walnut trees at Hamilton City, Glenn County. This is a new county record. (Galles Coop Rpt. SAN JOSE SCALE (Quadraspidiotus perniciosus) - CALIFORNIA - Counts of 20 per limb on escaped seedling almond trees and 2 per limb on cultivated almonds at Orland, Glenn County. (Cal. Coop. Rpt.). CITRUS Insect Situation in Florida - End of February - CITRUS RUST MITE (Phyllocoptruta Oleivora) infested 72 (norm 62) percent of groves; economic in 50 (norm percent. Decreased but still above normal and in high range. Little change expected. Highest districts south, west, central, and north. CITRUS RED MITE (Panonychus citri) infested 53 (norm 37) percent of groves; economic in 18 (morm 14) percent. Population continues in low range although above normal for February. Increase expected late in March. Highest districts south and central. TEXAS CITRUS MITE (Eutetranychus banksi) infested 33 (norm 31) percent of groves; economic in 13 (norm 11) percent. Population near normal and low. Upward trend predicted for April. Highest district south. SIXSPOTTED MITE (Eotetranychus sexmaculatus) infested 7 (norm 7) percent of groves; economic in norm percent. Gradual increase expected late in March. GLOVER SCALE (Lepidosaphes gloverii) infested 80 (norm 78) percent of groves; economic in 8 (norm percent. At moderate level and slightly below normal abundance. Increase expected in April. Highest district south. PURPLE SCALE (L. beckii) infested 75 (norm 77) percent of groves; economic in 3 (norm 9) percent. At moderate level and slightly below normal abundance. Increase expected in April. Highest district — 63s — north. CHAFF SCALE (Parlatoria pergandii) infested 54 (norm 9) percent of groves; economic in none (norm 9) percent. Population to continue below normal and low in all districts. YELLOW SCALE (Aonidiella citrina) infested 40 (norm 63) percent of groves; economic in 1 (norm 13) percent. Will remain low and below normal. Highest district east. An ARMORED SCALE (Unaspis citri) infested 30 percent of groves; none economic. Populations heavier than any prior month. Infestation intensified and will continue to increase. BLACK SCALE (Saissetia oleae) infested 17 (norm 33) percent of groves; economic in 6 (norm 14) percent. Population will remain below normal and very low in all districts through April. APHIDS began to appear in mid-March and will build up through April, Peak expected to occur later than average. Population predicted to be later and heavier in cold damaged groves. Adults of WHITEFLIES to appear on new foliage in late March and early April. Normal numbers expected, less than in 1969 and 1970. (W.A. Simanton (Citrus Expt. Sta., Lake Alfred)). A PSYLLID (Psylla uncatoides) - CALIFORNIA - Specimens collected on orange, lemon, and tangerine trees by R. Sorgente at Orange, Orange County, on February 17. Determined by D. Byers, confirmed by R. Wilkey and D.D. Jensen. Adjacent Acacia street trees heavily infested. Eggs, nymphs, and adults noted on citrus trees, mainly on new growth. Much of this growth wilted and dead. Flower buds also damaged. Light infestation on commercial oranges about one-half mile from residential property. This is a new host record. (Cal. Coop. Rpt.). CALIFORNIA RED SCALE (Aonidiella aurantii) - ARIZONA - Infestation found in nursery at Phoenix, Maricopa County, by D. Carver. Eradication measures applied. GAs.) Coop. Sur.) . ORNAMENTALS AN ADELGID (Adelges tsugae) - PENNSYLVANIA - Specimens collected from eastern hemlock at Bryn Mawr, Montgomery County, March 5. Previously collected in this county October 30, 1969, for first record in State. (Gesell). Collected in Delaware County July 16, 1970. (PPD). WESTERN TENT CATERPILLAR (Malacosoma californicum fragile) - ARIZONA - Heavy in cottonwood tree at Phoenix, Maricopa Countyem Ariza Coopa Suri MAN AND ANIMALS SCREWWORM (Cochliomyia hominivorax) - One case reported in U.S. March 7-13: TEXAS - Hidalgo. Total of 40 laboratory-confirmed cases reported in portion of Barrier Zone in Republic of Mexico as follows: Sonora 15, Chihuahua 3, Tamaulipas 22. Total of 19 cases reported in Mexico south of Barrier Zone. Barrier Zone is area where eradication operation underway to prevent establishment of self- sustaining population in U.S. Sterile screwworm flies released; Texas 17,618,000; Mexico 129,620,000. (Anim. Health Div.). CATTLE GRUBS (Hypoderma spp.) - KENTUCKY - H. lineatum (common cattle grub) ranged 1-8 (averaged 4) per animal on backs of Holstein cattle of various ages in central areas. H. bovis (northern cattle grub) averaged 12.8 on backs of one herd of Hereford heifers in Fayette County. (Barnett). OKLAHOMA - H. lineatum ranged 0-7 (averaged 2 per head) on cattle in Payne County. (Okla. Coop. Sur.). COLORADO - H. lineatum averaged 8 grubs per animal on untreated cattle in Weld County on February 5. (Hantsbarger). UTAH - Hypoderma spp. grubs emerged from backs of cattle at Park Valley, Box Elder County. (Stenquist). SHORTNOSED CATTLE LOUSE (Haematopinus eurysternus) - OKLAHOMA - Cattle lice, mainly this species, averaged 2 per hair part on cattle in Payne County. H. eurysternus continues moderate in Mayes County and light in Choctaw County. (Okla. Coop. Sur.). NORTHERN FOWL MITE (Ornithonyssus sylviarum) - ARKANSAS - Still prevalent on caged layers in Washington County. (Simco). a Gal a HOUSEHOLDS AND STRUCTURES SUBTERRANEAN TERMITES (Reticulitermes spp.) - DELAWARE - Swarming in New Castle County. (Burbutis). COLORADO - Adults swarming at Fort Collins, Larimer County, and at Denver, Denver County. (Hantsbarger). IOWA - R. flavipes (eastern subterranean termite) swarmed at Sioux City, Woodbury County, March 2. (Iowa Ins. Sur.). STORED PRODUCTS RICE WEEVIL (Sitophilus oryzae) — KENTUCKY - Adults averaged 2.9 per pound of wheat at one location in Woodford County. (Barnett). BENEFICIAL INSECTS A BRACONID (Microctonus colesi) - MARYLAND - Specimens collected at Germantown, Montgomery County, November 19, 1966, and at Cumberland, Allegany County, October 23, 1970, by W. Hollaway. Collected at Parkton, Baltimore County, by W.B. Bickley. Determined by W. Hollaway. Host material was Hypera postica (alfalfa weevil). These are new county records. (U. Md., Ent. Dept.). A BRACONID (Lysiphlebus testaceipes) - OKLAHOMA - Adults and greenbug mummies very common in infested wheat in northern Washita and southern Roger Mills Counties. Parasitism 90+ percent in fields with previous counts of up to 1,000 greenbugs per linear foot. Parasites also active in northern Roger Mills County, only about 1 percent of aphids parasitized. Light activity also noted in volunteer wheat fields in southern Bryan County. (Okla. Coop. Sur.). : CONVERGENT LADY BEETLE (Hippodamia convergens) - OKLAHOMA - Adults up to 2 per square foot in scattered alfalfa in Johnston, Bryan, and Choctaw Counties. (Okla. Coop. Sur.). A DAMSEL BUG (Nabis sp.) - OKLAHOMA - Ranged O-1 per square foot in 1 of 2 alfalfa fields in Johnston County. (Okla. Coop. Sur.). FEDERAL AND STATE PLANT PROTECTION PROGRAMS CARIBBEAN FRUIT FLY (Anastrepha suspensa) - FLORIDA - Larvae collected from door- yard kumquats and loquats (Japanese plum) at North Miami, Dade County, March 4 (DeHaven); 2 adults (female) taken from McPhail trap in calamondin tree at Daytona Beach, Volusia County, March 5 (Pott). Adults trapped during February totalled 9,357. This is highest February count on record. (Fla, Coop. Sur.). IMPORTED FIRE ANT (Solenopsis saevissima richteri) - ARKANSAS - Specimens collected at oil well site along State Highway 29 in Lafayette County, March 5, 1971, by C. Williams. Determined by V.H. Owens, confirmed by D.R. Smith. This is a new county record. (PPD). NORTH CAROLINA - Swarming observed near Dothan, Columbus County, on February 18. Evidence of earlier Swarming in area. Very little activity in Pamlico County. (Murray). MEXICAN FRUIT FLY (Anastrepha ludens) - TEXAS - Trapped total of 76 adults as of March 12 in Hidalgo and Cameron Counties; 10 larvae taken from grapefruit in same area. Heaviest adult population in Rio Grande Valley in previous 5 years. Fruit cutting underway. (PPD). LIGHT TRAP COLLECTIONS FLORIDA - Gainesville, 3/5-11, BL - Granulate cutworm (Feltia subterranea) 4. MISSISSIPPI - Stoneville, 3/5-11, 2BL, Temp. 29-69 F., precip. 0.69 = Armyworm (Pseudaletia unipuncta) 73, black cutworm (Agrotis ipsilon) 31, variegated cutworm (Peridroma Saucia) 41. TEXAS - Waco, 375-11, BL -— Armyworm 42, beet armyworm (Spodoptera exigua) 16, corn earworm (Heliothis zea) 2, granulate cutworm 10, Saltmarsh caterpillar (Estigmene acrea) 2, variegated cutworm (Peridroma saucia) 63, yellowstriped armyworm (S. ornithogalli) 3. = 165 = HAWAII INSECT REPORT New State Record - An ENCYRTID WASP (Aphycus mexicanus) emerged in heavy numbers from Ceroplastes cirripediformis (barnacle Scale) found infesting fiddlewood (Citharexylum spinosum) at Hawaii Kai, Oahu, in November 1970 by K. Kawamura. Determined by B.D. Burks. (Kawamura). Fruits and Nuts -— CLOUDYWINGED WHITEFLY (Dialeurodes citrifolii) moderate in Several acres of citrus at University of Hawaii experimental farm on Oahu during January. First found on Kusaie lime at Hilo, Hawaii, in March 1966. One specimen taken at Kailua, Oahu, by E. Shiroma in 1969 but not recorded. (Beardsley). Forest and Shade Trees - An APHID (Cinara tujafilina) moderate on leaves (severe on 5 percent) of 100+ Thuja sp. in hedge planting at Waimea, Hawaii. (Kobayashi, Matayoshi). Man and Animals - Trapped 425 VEXANS MOSQUITO (Aedes vexans nocturnus) and 4,183 SOUTHERN HOUSE MOSQUITO (Culex pipiens quinquefasciatus) in 55 light traps on Oahu during February. Aedes up to to 100 per trap at Waianae and Culex up to 1,719 per trap at Kaneohe. (Mosq. Cont. Br. Dept. of Health). Beneficial Insects - Examination of fruits and terminals of Melastoma malabathricum (indian rhododendron) showed average infestations by MELASTOMA BORER (Selca brunella) of 14 and 16 percent, respectively, on Hawaii and Kauai. Surveys during January on same islands showed average infestations of 47 and 18 percent. (Yoshioka, Sugawa). A PUNCTUREVINE STEM WEEVIL (Microlarinus lypriformis) infested 55 percent of 69 internodes of Tribulus cistoides at Maalaea, Maui; negative at Kihei, (Miyahira). Miscellaneous Pests - Nymphs of a GRASSHOPPER (Oedaleus abruptus) moderate in dry grassy areas at Barbers Point, Oahu. (Olson). Larval percentage on Oahu of random sampled koa haole branches by Semiothisa santaremaria (a geometrid moth) at Waimanalo 2, Barbers Point 44, and Schofield 36. Percent infestation by KOA HAOLE LOOPER (inacamptodes Gracilaria) on same host and at same locations 98, 56, and 64 respectively. Adults of these species increased in light traps on Oahu. Numerous moths near homes and shrubs at Koloa, Poipu, and Kukuiula, Kauai. (Au etal ycs)ic DETECTION New State Record - AN ENCYRTID WASP (Aphycus mexicanus) HAWAII - Oahu Island p. e New County Records - ALFALFA WEEVIL (Hypera postica) TEXAS - Lee, Fayette, Gonzales, Victoria, Refugio, San Patricio, Nueces, Jim Wells, Duval, Atascosa, Trinity, Polk, Walker, San Jacinto, and San Saba (p. 161); OKLAHOMA — McClain (p. 162). A BRACONID (Microctonus colesi) MARYLAND - Montgomery, Allegany, Baltimore (p. 164). IMPORTED FIRE ANT (Solenopsis saevissima richteri) ARKANSAS - Lafayette (p. 164). PUTNAM SCALE (Diaspidiotus ancylus) CALIFORNIA - Glenn (p. 162). SWEETCLOVER WEEVIL (Sitona cylindricollis) WYOMING - Washakie (p. 171). CORRECTIONS CEIR 20(43):739 - BLACK WIDOW SPIDER (Latrodectus mactans) - UTAH and NEVADA, should read A COMBFOOTED SPIDER (Latrodectus hesperus). Kaston, B.J. 1970. San Diego Soc. Nat. Hist. Trans. 16(3):35-82, July 24, 1970. L. mactans and L. variolus occur in the Eastern United States. Only L. nearer occurs in the Western U.S. This correction also should be made on pages 677 714, and 760 in Volume 20. (PPD). CEIR 21(10):112 -— HAWAII INSECT REPORT - Forest and Shade Trees - Line 10: ",.-95 percent probably Aphycus eruptor ...'' Should read "... 95 percent Aphycus mexicanus.” (Kawamura). SUMMARY OF INSECT CONDITIONS IN THE UNITED STATES - 1970 (Continued from page 158) FORAGE LEGUMES Highlights: ALFALFA WEEVIL populations were lower in Some Northeast States due to the effect of several parasitic Hymenoptera released for its control. Damage was noneconomic for the third year in Maryland. Alfalfa weevil was the major pest of alfalfa in North Carolina and Missouri, and was economic for the first time in northwest Arkansas and north-central New Mexico. Populations decreased in some Central States but continued to spread in Michigan, North Dakota, Nebraska, Kansas, Oklahoma, Texas, and New Mexico. Damage was extensive in some Western States. Alfalfa weevil was reported for the first time from Florida, Minnesota, and Arizona. PEA APHID was the heaviest in three years on alfalfa in Maryland, but remained light in Virginia and noneconomic in Indiana, North Dakota, and Nebraska. Infestations were heavy in some Central and Western States. Larvae of several NOCTUID MOTHS caused some concern on alfalfa west of the Mississippi River. ALFALFA WEEVIL (Hypera postica) apparently caused no damage in MAINE as none was reported nor was any found during surveys conducted in July or later. Populations in MASSACHUSETTS continued to decline, almost certainly due to parasitism by Bathyplectes curculionis (an ichneumon wasp) and Tetrastichus incertus (a eulophid wasp). Since paraSite releases were greatest in Hampshire County, their effect was most pronounced in this area. The highest alfalfa weevil count for the county in 1970 was 101 per 100 sweeps as compared with 1,882 per 100 sweeps in 1965 (counts represent averages per 100 sweeps for several fields). In Berkshire County where parasite releases were fewer, the heaviest count was 1,408 larvae per 100 sweeps. The braconids Microctonus aethiops and M. colesi were recovered also, but distribution and abundance were not recorded, Alfalfa weevil populations in western and northern NEW YORK were heavier than in 1969. In the lower Hudson River Valley, however, weevil populations continued to decline as parasite populations increased throughout the State. T. incertus is now found wherever alfalfa weevil occurs in the State. B. curculionis iS increasing rapidly and is more widespread than previously. M. aethiops iS now well established in the southern tier of counties. These paraSitic Hymenoptera and Hexamervis arvalis (a nematode) are exerting excellent control of alfalfa weevil in New York. Controls were required in a few widely scattered fields of alfalfa in PENNSYLVANIA to protect the first crop. This was an estimated 1-2 percent of the total acreage grown in the State in 1970. About 85-90 percent of the alfalfa acreage was harvested without sprays being applied, and only about 10-14 percent received controls on the stubble after the first crop was cut. Alfalfa weevil was of little significance in NEW JERSEY. The number of growers spraying their alfalfa has decreased from 94 percent in 1967 to 5.5 percent in 1970. Evidence indicates this decline is due to the activity of several parasitic wasps introduced for the control of this weevil. Alfalfa weevil larvae ranged 4-10 per sweep of alfalfa in DELAWARE with only light injury by mid-May. Egg hatch in MARYLAND was delayed two weeks due to an unseasonably cool April. First larval activity was observed the last week of April in Queen Annes and Dorchester Counties. Adults ranged 1-3 per 10 sweeps. Larval infestations seldom exceeded 3-20 per sweep. Pupation occurred in Frederick, Montgomery, and Harford Counties by May 22. Weevil activity in alfalfa phased out by June 29. Damage remained below economic levels for the third year in Maryland, and less than 10 percent of the growers applied controls. Populations in WEST VIRGINIA were heavy, but damage was light except in alfalfa that was cut late. Damage decreased in second-cutting alfalfa. In VIRGINIA, larvae first appeared in Charlotte, Powhatan, and Hanover Counties the first week of April. Severe damage was noticed in some southern Piedmont fields as early as April 21 when 1,600 early instars per 100 sweeps were detected in one Charlotte County field. Heavy infestations were common in Nottoway, New Kent, Amelia, Goochland, Prince George, Fluvanna, Powhatan, and Hanover Counties by May 5. Damage remained light to - 166 - = IO = moderate in the mountain counties of Orange, Albemarle, Nelson, Shenandoah, Botetourt, and Montgomery. Larval counts were light in all but Orange and Frederick Counties the second week of June. Alfalfa weevil continued to be the only major pest of alfalfa in NORTH CAROLINA and occurred in all areas of the State where alfalfa is grown. This pest was present in all fields of alfalfa in SOUTH CAROLINA, being especially noticeable in Anderson, Newberry, and Spartanburg Counties. Alfalfa weevil was collected for the first time in FLORIDA from alfalfa near Gainesville, Alachua County, in mid-March. Specimens were collected later from crimson clover and alfalfa in Gadsden and Leon Counties for new county records. Populations were light in these three areas. Alfalfa weevil was heavy on the 3,000 acres of alfalfa remaining in ALABAMA and controls were applied. This pest also damaged clovers, vetches, and other legumes in the State. Surveys during mid-March in the southern tier of counties in central and west TENNESSEE indicated little or no damage to alfalfa, although first and second instars were present in most fields and eggs were hatching. By April 10, up to third-stage larvae were feeding on terminals in all western counties with 10-15 percent of terminals showing injury. By late April many fields showed 25-30 percent terminal damage. During May, damage by H. postica increased sharply and 80 percent of the terminals showed feeding signs. Controls were applied in many areas and were effective. Damage decreased to below control levels by mid-June. Alfalfa weevil is considered to occur statewide in ARKANSAS, although it has not been recorded from several counties due to the absence or low acreage of host plants. This pest was reported from Howard County for the first time in 1970. Eggs collected from alfalfa stems in Mississippi County during the winter of 1969-1970 indicated cold damage; however, there was a normal population of spring weevils. First collections were made in Lafayette County in mid-March; larval and adult counts ranged up to 800 (mostly larvae) per 100 sweeps. Populations were economic in the northwest area for the first time since 1966 when this pest became established in the area. Larvae per 100 sweeps ranged 6-10 in early April and 700-800 by late April. Infestations were later than normal in all areas due to a colder than normal winter and spring. Alfalfa weevil was the most serious pest of alfalfa in MISSOURI. The first larvae of the season were collected during the week of April 11. By April 25, larvae in the southeastern area ranged as high as 16 per sweep. By May 2, most of the untreated fields in the southern areas were severely defoliated. Larvae ranged 300-600 per 100 sweeps throughout the infested areas by May 26. Newly emerged adults caused damage in the central and northeast areas from mid-May to mid-June, Barton, Bates, Cass, Cedar, Clay, Clinton, Dade, Daviess, De Kalb, Harrison, Jackson, Platte, St. Clair, and Vernon Counties were infested for the first time during 1970. In IOWA, alfalfa weevil was found for the first time in Adair, Adams, Boone, Butler, Clarke, Decatur, Delaware, Grundy, Iowa, Jasper, Johnson, Keokuk, Linn, Madison, Mahaska, Marion, Marshall, Mills, Monroe, Montgomery, Polk, Pottawattamie, Poweshiek, Ringgold, Tama, Union, Warren, and Wright Counties. This weevil has been recorded from 49 counties in Iowa. Spring surveys in INDIANA indicated overwintered eggs ranged 5-30 per square foot, especially in the western third of the State. Two separate surveys also gave counts of 23-50 per square foot in the north-central, central, and south-central districts, and 16-45 per square foot in east-central and northeast districts. Egg counts varied widely and ranged up to 220 per square foot; the alfalfa weevil population from the latter count killed alfalfa by midsummer. Egg viability was believed lower than previous seasons by one-third to one-half. The larval peak was reached by May 4 in the southern districts with counts of 305 per 100 terminals. Proper harvesting would have kept losses to a minimum as feeding was not heavy a week after the peak was reached. The larval peak count was 185 per 100 terminals in the central district; this was 7-10 days later than peaks in the southern district. The peak count in the northern district was 270 larvae per 100 terminals by May 19, and this was an additional 7-10 days later than the other districts. Feeding damage in the central and northern districts appeared less severe than in the southern districts, partly because alfalfa was 3-5 inches taller when populations peaked. Heaviest damage occurred in the south-central district in 1969 and 1970, followed by the north- 168 IL61 ‘891 (G1) 1Z “qdy ‘suy ‘uoog “doo ‘ady "jdeq “sn dew pastasy pue pazoet1109 O261 Sutanp pejsegzut payrodey 6961 ‘TE taqueseq 0} aotad peysayul OLET ‘TE tEeqWeD0q yasn a9TAIeg Yyoreesoy Teany[nopasy UOTSTATG UOT}I0I0Ig JULTA uot}oe3aq pue AeAang }JOesuT OFWOUCoG ut postedeig [AZoM eres lRtem J = a pavyjsod niadhi pyDy}y yo UOLINqiassiq - 169 - central and northeast districts. Alfalfa weevil populations were slower to build up in the eastern areas, but counts were heavier than in western Indiana. However, damage statewide was lighter this year. Bathyplectes curculionis (an ichneumon wasp) occupied a more important role in alfalfa weevil control than during 1969. Alfalfa weevil egg deposition began April 10 at Wooster, OHIO. Egg counts continued to increase until May 15. Early instars were observed May 1. Damage in Ohio was confined to first-crop alfalfa and for all practical purposes had ended by mid-June. Damage estimates ranged 10-50 percent and peak larval feeding occurred during late May. Bathyplectes curculionis (an ichneumon wasp) was collected from alfalfa weevil Iarvae from mid-May to mid-October, and was present in 1-50 percent of the larvae. Tetrastichus incertus (an eulophid wasp) was reared from larvae for the first time on July 13. This wasp was found established in the northeastern corner of Ohio. Alfalfa weevil continued to spread in MICHIGAN. Damaging numbers were found as far north as Clare County. It was also reported from Gladwin and Arenac Counties. Control was generally very good because growers were aware of the pest and weather favored both early cutting and the application of chemical sprays. In many cases, properly timed cutting removed many eggs and larvae from the field without the aid of sprays. Alfalfa weevil was heavier than in the last 2 years and damage was moderate to heavy to alfalfa in the southern half of ILLINOIS. Damage occurred as far north as Henderson County. About 66,500 acres were treated. Peaks of up to 10,000 larvae per 100 sweeps were reached for Jackson County the first week of May in the southwestern area, which had the highest average counts all season. An average of 64.7 percent of the larvae were parasitized by Bathyplectes curculionis (an ichneumon wasp). This percentage is comparable with I[969"s, except that alfalfa weevil numbers were heavier and more damaging this year. Damage in 1971 is expected to be moderate to severe south of a line from Watseka to Hardin, and light to moderate south of a line from Joliet to Monmouth and north of a line from Watseka to Hardin. Alfalfa weevil adults were active in WISCONSIN about the first of May and some first instars could be found in folded leaflets of alfalfa. Some third instars were present in Kenosha County and pupation was underway by the end of May. Counts of 120 per 100 sweeps were taken in Kenosha County June 4. This was a decrease from 1969. Counts of 173 per 100 sweeps were taken in Rock County, an increase over 1969. Alfalfa weevil was found for the first time in MINNESOTA. Counts of 10 per 100 sweeps were found in an alfalfa field in Houston County May 19. This weevil was found also in Winona, Fillmore, and Wabasha Counties. No economic problems developed. Alfalfa weevil counts decreased on irrigated alfalfa in McKenzie County, NORTH DAKOTA, compared with 1969. First and second instars ranged up to 46 per 100 Sweeps during mid-June. No damage occurred this year. Collections were reported from the following new counties: Bottineau, Rollette, and Morton. Spread has been very Slow since it was first detected in Stark County in 1955. Alfalfa weevil in the northern Black Hills of SOUTH DAKOTA was lower in 1970 than at Similar periods in 1969. On June 3 there were 142 adults per 100 sweeps in 12-inch alfalfa. Although no larvae were obtained in the first few days of June, by June 10 there were up to 2,000 first and second instars per 100 sweeps. By late June, larvae averaged 3,440 per 100 net sweeps in uncut alfalfa, with up to 175 adults also present. In mid-July, counts in second-growth alfalfa 8-10 inches high averaged 146 larvae and 4 adults per 100 net sweeps. Populations in eastern Meade and Ziebach Counties were below economic levels in late June. Economic damage was confined to alfalfa in the northern Black Hills, but losses were small. Most alfalfa fields were cut before excessive damage occurred. Alfalfa weevil populations in NEBRASKA remained near or slightly below the levels of 1969. Larvae increased steadily in May and peaked June 4 when up to 1,085 per 100 sweeps were taken in western Dawson County. The highest count in the eastern part of the county was 56 per 100 sweeps. By June 17, pupation was well underway. None of the fields examined had economic numbers. The eastern part of Nebraska (Richardson County) was infested for the first time. Alfalfa weevil was not found in economic numbers in KANSAS. However, specimens were = 7) = collected in 5 previously unreported counties: Montgomery, Neosho, Crawford, Bourbon, and Morton. The total known infested counties is now 45. Specimens were determined by H.L. Brooks. Late instars were found on alfalfa in Bryan and Choctaw Counties, OKLAHOMA, in early April. Damage was moderate in a few south- eastern and south-central counties, but counts in most areas ranged 30 or less per 100 sweeps. Alfalfa weevil was reported from 14 new counties, many of which were in the south-central area. Weevil activity continued through mid-June. Alfalfa weevil infestations were heavy throughout the eastern half of TEXAS. Infestations were confirmed for the first time during 1970 in Anderson, Angelina, Bee, Bosque, Cherokee, Delta, Franklin, Goliad, Grimes, Guadalupe, Hardin, Harrison, Hopkins, Jackson, Jasper, Karnes, Leon, Liberty, Live Oak, Madison, Matagorda, Montgomery, Morris, Nacogdoches, Panola, Rusk, Sabine, San Augustine, Shelby, Titus, Upshur, Uvalde, and Wilson Counties. Alfalfa weevil continued to spread southward in NEW MEXICO. Infestations were found in southern Valencia County. Alfalfa weevil was a serious problem in Taos County for the first time. Adults collected from alfalfa in Mohave County, ARIZONA, in 1969 were reported in 1970 for the first record of this weevil in the State. Alfalfa weevil adults became active in mid-April in Larimer, Weld, and Boulder Counties, COLORADO. Eggs were laid early in May and larval populations ranged 100-600 per 100 sweeps by the end of May. In the northeastern area, larval populations peaked at 150-1,000 per 100 sweeps by the second week in June. After the first cutting, populations declined, ranging 0-300 per 100 sweeps. Counts were heaviest in Boulder and Weld Counties where controls were used in many fields. Heaviest damage occurred in fields where first cutting was delayed. General losses in northeastern Colorado were light to moderate. Larval popula- tions in the Arkansas Valley ranged 0-270 per 100 sweeps with some fields containing up to 3,500 per 100 sweeps during the last of May and the first two weeks of June. Heaviest populations, as in 1969, occurred in Pueblo, Crowley, and Otero Counties with lighter populations in other parts of the valley. Most larvae had pupated by mid-June. Another larval peak appeared in Pueblo, Crowley, and Otero Counties during August and ranged 0-400 per 100 sweeps with damage in many fields. Cocoons of Bathyplectes curculionis (an ichneumon wasp) were examined for hyperparasitism; no evidence appeared. Alfalfa weevil damage in UTAH was extensive and would have been more serious, except that spring rains and cool conditions retarded development. Inclement weather occassionally made controls difficult. Alfalfa weevil populations were below those of 1969 in WYOMING. Adults were first active April 21 in Hot Springs County. Larvae began appearing in Washakie and Big Horn Counties in late May, ranging up to 500 per 10 sweeps in late June in Big Horn County. In most areas alfalfa outgrew the larvae and damage was light. Alfalfa weevil adults and larvae were first active in IDAHO May 21 on alfalfa in Idaho County. The first egg cluster was found May 11 near Aberdeen, Bingham County; 18 egg clusters per 50 stems were found by May 25. There were 48 adults per 50 sweeps near Aberdeen on May 26. Larvae reached a population peak and the first pupa was found June 22 at Aberdeen. Pupal counts peaked July 2-6; the last egg was found July 6 and the last larvae July 27. There was a large amount of damage, unestimated as to value, to the alfalfa crop in Idaho during 1970. Much of this damage would have been prevented had alfalfa been cut early. Near Preston, Franklin County, first and second instars caused 40 percent damage to irrigated alfalfa, but only 1-5 percent on upland, dryland alfalfa. By June 10, twenty percent of alfalfa tips were injured near Hansen, Cassia County. Damage was 25 percent on June 11 and 60 percent on June 15 near Kimberly, Twin Falls County. Ninety percent of the tips were damaged near Aberdeen by June 17. Alfalfa weevil infestations in WASHINGTON were spotty at Ellenburg, Kittitas County. Larvae ranged 2-3 per sweep in alfalfa seed fields in Walla Walla County. Damage ranged moderate to serious on dryland alfalfa near Pullman, Whitman County. Alfalfa weevil remained light in the Willamette Valley of OREGON, and no new infested counties were found. Populations increased in Jefferson County; however, no economic damage occurred, although some fields were treated for the first time. Populations continued to expand throughout Crook County, and 5,000 to 10,000 acres were treated. This was unnecessary 3 to 5 years ago. Populations = 10 = were heavier and for a longer period than in previous years. Considerable damage occurred in untreated Klamath County fields, but it was less than in 1969 due to the earlier cutting of the first crop. Alfalfa weevil and EGYPTIAN ALFALFA WEEVIL (Hypera brunneipennis) were widespread and damaging to alfalfa in CALIFORNIA. Infestations Started in February and were still a problem in some locations in September. Alfalfa weevil egg deposition began in NEVADA in late March. Cold, damp weather staggered and prolonged hatching and affected larval development. This influenced timing of treatments and many fields required a second treatment. Most chemical controls were applied in early June with some in late May. Larvae peaked with 240+ per sweep and damage was noted near mid-June. CLOVER LEAF WEEVIL (Hypera punctata) larvae were most common in alfalfa in south- central and southeastern WISCONSIN and complicated evaluation of H. postica (alfalfa weevil) populations. Clover leaf weevil and alfalfa weevil larvae occurred in a ratio of 3:1. Clover leaf weevil larvae ranged first to third instar during late April. Counts were relatively low throughout the season, although adults were fairly common in alfalfa in mid-October in Marathon, Clark, Lincoln, and Langlade Counties. Clover leaf weevil caused no economic damage in WEST VIRGINIA this year. Clover leaf weevil populations in OKLAHOMA were moderate to heavy on alfalfa in most southwestern and west-central counties during late April and early May. In NEW MEXICO, larval counts were about 3 per square foot in several alfalfa fields at Dexter and Hagerman, Chaves County, during April. Specimens were found in southern Rio Arriba County for the first time this year. LESSER CLOVER LEAF WEEVIL (Hypera nigrirostris) was reported for the first time in FLORIDA, where it was common on crimson Clover at Quincy, Gadsden County, and at Tallahassee, Leon County, during April. Population counts ranged 1-11 per 100 Sweeps and were not economic in WEST VIRGINIA. CLOVER HEAD WEEVIL (Hypera meles) was reported for the first time in FLORIDA. Populations were light on crimson clover at Quincy, Gadsden County, and at Tallahassee, Leon County, during April. Clover head weevil continues to be a seri- ous pest to seed production of crimson clover in central ALABAMA. Controls were applied 1-2 times to 3,000+ acres in this area. SWEETCLOVER WEEVIL (Sitona cylindricollis) was collected on alfalfa in Washakie County, WYOMING, by A.E. Parshall May 8, 1969, and determined by R. E. Warner. This is a new county record. Sweetclover weevil occurred throughout UTAH, and damage was moderate this year. A WEEVIL (Pantomorus taeniatulus) was heavy in seed of sericea lespedeza in Union County, SOUTH CAROLINA. This was the first report of this weevil from this host plant, as well as the first records for Union County and the Piedmont. During September, adults were exceedingly numerous on lawns in Richland County. VETCH BRUCHID (Bruchus brachialis) was moderate on vetch in Love, Stephens, and Kay Counties, OKLAHOMA, from mid to late May. A SAP BEETLE (Meligethes nigrescens) was economic in some crimson clover fields in Washington and Yamhill Counties, OREGON, in July and controls were necessary. PEA APHID (Acyrthosiphon pisum) remained light in NEW YORK as biological control agents continued to Suppress numbers. This aphid was heavy on some alfalfa during early May in DELAWARE. Populations in MARYLAND were considered to be the heaviest in the past 3 years, but only slightly increased over 1969. Infestations were spotty and ranged 5-30 per sweep in June. By early July, heaviest counts ranged 60-200 per sweep of alfalfa. Timely cuttings and late summer predation and Parasitism brought most of the moderate infestations under control in late August and early September. Pea aphid was first reported April 20 in Montgomery County, VIRGINIA. Counts were light in Botetourt, Page, and Frederick Counties April 23, and ranged 30-50 per 100 sweeps by the first week of May in Franklin, Mecklenburg, Campbell, and Nottoway Counties. Populations remained light throughout the State and caused little or no economic damage. Pea aphid populations were moderate to heavy on alfalfa in TENNESSEE from mid-March through June. The amount of damage caused by this pest was not assessed. oa A) a Pea aphid built up on alfalfa in early May in OHIO. Populations were present and fairly constant throughout the summer. Highest populations, 12 per sweep, occurred in the northeast area during August. Pea aphid generally is most abundant early in the season in MICHIGAN. However, this pest did not appear in 1970 until after the first cutting of alfalfa. Damaging levels were not reached. In INDIANA, populations were generally noneconomic in alfalfa in 1969 and 1970. Counts per 100 sweeps averaged 288 by August 19 in the southern area, 209 by August 26 in the central area, and 855 by September 2 in the northern area. The higher figure in the northern area was due to fairly consistent high counts in the northeast district throughout the season, Pea aphid in ILLINOIS was extremely abundant on alfalfa although it caused no serious damage. Numbers peaked in early May with up to 10,000 per 100 sweeps in the southern one-third of the State. About 3,400 acres were treated. Pea aphid egg hatch started about April 16 in WISCONSIN, about a week later than in 1969. Populations were low initially. Winged forms began appearing early (May 1) and comprised a large percentage of the population by the end of May. Migrations to alfalfa and peas began immediately. Populations increased despite parasitism and predations, and ranged up to several hundred per sweep in late June and mid-July. There was some difficulty in hay baling operations reported due to the prevalence of this pest. The population collapsed late in July and remained low the rest of the season. Pea aphid appeared in economic numbers of 100 per growing tip on alfalfa in mid- August in Pembina County, NORTH DAKOTA. Populations in southeastern SOUTH DAKOTA were much below the heavy numbers of 1969. At the end of May there were 2-4 aphids per sweep in Lincoln, Clay, Davison, Minnehaha, Moody, and Brookings Counties. Predators, primarily Coccinellidae, were also high in numbers with 1-2 per sweep. Pea aphid was not economic on alfalfa in NEBRASKA, due to the rapid buildup of natural enemies. The heaviest counts,up to 40 per sweep, were found in Saunders County in mid-May. Up to 200 lady beetle larvae per 100 sweeps were present in most fields in DawSon County on June 16. Pea aphid peaked on alfalfa in May and then began to decline. Some vetch was damaged in Stanton County the last week of May. A short-lived resurgence of pea aphid on Dawson County alfalfa during late August and early September did not reach economic proportions. Pea aphid ranged 0-15 per 10 sweeps of alfalfa in southeastern MISSOURI by late March, and increased to 100 per 10 sweeps by late April. Populations ranged 400-700 per 10 sweeps in the southwestern and central areas. Stunted and yellowed alfalfa occurred throughout the southwestern area. By mid-May, populations declined due to chemical controls and disease. In KANSAS, alfalfa was damaged in Meade, Clark, Comanche, Edwards, and Pawnee Counties in mid-April. Pea aphid counts of 500-1,500 per 25 sweeps were reported in alfalfa in Elk, Sedgwick, Cowley, and Sumner Counties in early May with significant populations of predators and parasites. In the eastern two-thirds of Kansas, pea aphid generally ranged 200-600 per 10 sweeps by late May, and predators and parasites were generally very abundant. No pea aphid damage was reported during late May or later. An estimated 8,800 acres of alfalfa were treated in Gray, Rice, and Kingman Counties. Populations in OKLAHOMA were heavy on alfalfa in the north- central and northwestern areas in mid-March. By the end of April, pea aphid ranged moderate to very heavy in all areas, Chemical controls and moderate to heavy parasitism caused a rapid decrease in most areas during May, but pea aphid continued moderate to heavy into mid-June in Mayes, Payne, Harmon, Murray, and Jefferson Counties. Numbers were generally light to absent statewide the remainder of the year. Pea aphid populations varied widely in COLORADO throughout Prowers, Bent, Otero, Crowley, and Pueblo Counties. Counts ranged 150-9,000 per 100 sweeps of alfalfa early in June, but populations declined as the season progressed. There were only isolated fields showing any Stunting and yellowing. Heavy populations of pea aphid caused heavy damage in Fremont, Custer, and Huerfano Counties early in May. In northeastern Colorado, numbers peaked at 2,000-15,000 per 100 sweeps of alfalfa by the end of June, but declined after the first cutting. Pea aphid populations in WYOMING remained about the same in 1970 as in 1969. This aphid began appearing in mid-June in Washakie, Big Horn, and Hot Springs Counties. Counts peaked in mid-August and declined thereafter. Population counts were 1261 ‘8 AYVYONVE GASIASZY *"MOLDS¢USNI GAZIYOHINY Nv AS HO SNILNVYVNO Silvis BlviddOuddy AS G3SYINOSY Alyy "MOLDAdSNI GSZINOHINVY NV Ad G3ayINno3ad Aly es WAUV YAHLO ANV OLNI 3018 WOUSs ~ « NaaY9 NIHLIM “‘Nag3u9S OLNI N3au9 © amv -3nq@ YO ALIHM HONOYHL HO OLNI NagyY9 WOYS ALIHM HO ‘ania ‘N3aYy9 HONOYHL YO OLN! GauY WOXYS | :SMO1104 SV VWadv Galvinoad v WOXs SATSILYV Galvinoay 4O LNANSAOW NO GasodwW! auv SNOILDIYLS3Y SA1DILYV GALVINGSAY 4O LSI7 HOS ACIS ASHAAAY gas y QSAOWAY SNOlLvINnoad—aaLvolavaa WU (AYVSSA3D3N 3YSHM GANNV1d SLNAWLVYSYL AAISSaYddNS) ees “AINO SNOILVIND3Y ALVIS (GANNV1d 4O SSaY9Oud NI SLNAWLVadL AAISS3YddNs) “SNOILVINOAY NVIGVNVSO GNV ‘Wvesds4s “ALlvVLs vadV SAISSAYddNS (GQ3NNW1d YO ssaud9Oud NI LON SLNAWLVaeL NOILVOIOVYS) “SNOILVINOAY NVIGVNVS GNv ‘1vuads4 ‘A1VLS-VauV GALSA4ANI AT1IVYANSS GaLlvinday ATiVviILuVvd adv GaY¥O105 ANIVILYWd SAILNNOD 'Q4ALVINOEIY ATSLAIdWOS 3YV GaYO109 ATSaYILNA SAILNNOD S3ivVis GaLd0gs44v HLIM ONILVeYadOOD gunLinoiwov 30 LNSaWLYVvd3a0 VOVNVS GNV NOISIAIG NOILO3L0Y¥d LNV1d ADIAYaS HOUVASAY IWHYNLINDIOV SUNLINDIYSVY AO LNAWLYvVdad ‘Ss ‘Nn SANILNVAVNO HLOW ASdAD 1Z6l '@ AYVOANYS GaSIAas Sa1DILYV G3LVINOSY 4O 1SI7 NOs AGIS ASMAAAY Aas "NOLDSZSNI G3ZIHOHLNY Nv AS ¥O SSINCMNE TS SCTE UIM SER ISCO OMe hfels| QGHfflL “YOLDSdSNI G3ZINOHLNY Nv Ad G3uINOSY Al, “AINO SNOILV1NOAY ALVLS «se Wav YAHLO ANV OLNI 3N1a WOUS © « Naauo NIHLIM ~ (GSNNV1d ¥O ssayu90ud NI SLNAWLVAYL SAISSSYddNS) “SNOILVINOSY NVIGWNV2 GNV ‘1Ves0s4S 3LVLS VauV BAISSSAYddNS "N3guD OLNI N33xH9 © (GQ3NNY¥1d HO SS3YHDOHd NI LON SLNSWLV3uL NOlLvolavu3) “SNOILV1NOAY NVIGYNV2D GNV ‘Svwuadss ‘SLVLiS-VauV GSLSS4ANI ATIVYANASD ao vt “gn4a YO 3LIHM HONOYHL ¥O OLNI N3au9 WOHs 3LIHM HO ‘an 4a ‘Na3u9 HONOYMHL YO OLN! Cae Woud ‘5 ‘smMo1104 S¥ Vaud Galvinosy v WOus SaTSILHV GQ3LvVINOSY ATIVILYVd Juv G3NO10D ATIVILYWd SAILNNOD ‘GaLVINODSY ATSLATIdWOS 3YV GSYHO1OD ATSYILNA SSILNNOD G3aLVINOSY AO LNAWSAOW NO GaSOdWI 34v SNOILDIHLSAY NOSAvSD Sone © HAAY (- ASK ya1enaay o ~ RS SAIQILYUY GALVINIAY INIAOW AOA SLNAWANINDaAY GNV NOILVI1N -)qu UuAGNO SVaUV LOVXd JNIdUvodd AINVLSISSY UOT AOIdAO NOISIAIG NOILODLOUd LNVId LSAUVAN UHNOA ‘VGVNVO NI ‘GNV LNAIV ALNQOD YVAOK UO YOLIAdSNI NOISIAIG NOILOALOUd LNV1Id Tvuaaqdd uO ALVLS UNOA LINSNOD SaLVLS GaLINQ GHL NI os ok Hole Bee. ox AWN? Ra”, fo} SSAVHL i, IN DN S3LVLS G3LDesAV HLIM ONILVeAdOOD BUNLINDIENSOVY SAO LNSWLYVdad VOYNVD GNV NOISIAIG NOILD3SL0¥8d LNV1d ADIAHSS HDYeVASAY TWYNLINIISOV SBSUNLindiaxSv AO LNAWLYVdsGd Sn SANILNVAVNO HLOW ASdAD “‘Bul[pueYy peqitose1d ay} 104Fe UOTYESofUL 0}F pesodxe jou jr yduwtexq,. “Iojoodsut ue AQ peyijou os Useq sey Jooreyy uorIssessod ur uossed ay} UsymM ‘SowWOoY s[Iqou Surpnpout ‘sedAy {[@ Jo Sioplery, “Pp , BUIZIAeA[Nd 10 ZuIpulwzs Aq pesseooid jt ydurexe 918 sjyonpoid Atzenb pu’ 304g ‘syonpoid Aarenb pue euoJg “g - 173 - heaviest in Platte, Fremont, and Washakie Counties in Wyoming. Some fields were treated in Platte and Fremont Counties. Pea aphid mummies resulting from parasitism by Aphidius pulcher (a braconid) were general and heavy in a few areas of IDAHO. Beneficial inSects were present in alfalfa hay statewide. Pea aphid infestations in NEVADA required the usual control on seed alfalfa beginning in late June and continuing through August in Churchill, Humboldt, Lander, Pershing, and Washoe Counties. Economic numbers required control on alfalfa hay in Clark and southern Nye Counties in late March and April. In these areas, pea aphid in untreated fields was effectively controlled by predators and parasites. Damage ranged light to moderate on alfalfa in UTAH. The fall buildup was less than normal, but controls were required on a few thousand acres. Pea aphid populations in ARIZONA were moderate to heavy from mid-December 1969 through June 1970 on alfalfa in Yuma County. MEADOW SPITTLEBUG (Philaenus spumarius) eggs began hatching on April 24, one day earlier than in 1969, in WISCONSIN. Populations in some individual fields were heavy. The statewide population appeared to be lower than in previous years. Immatures of meadow spittlebug in INDIANA approached 5 per 100 terminals by April 14 in the southern district. Peak nymphal averages by district during May were as follows: South 18.5, central 12.3, and north 19.2. There was a rapid decrease of nymphs followed by heavy adult counts in alfalfa by June 1. In some fields adults averaged 3,900 per 100 sweeps. By mid-August, the average was 66 per 100 sweeps in the southern district; 7 days later the average was 209 in the central district. By the first of September, counts averaged 155 per 100 sweeps in the northern district. Meadow spittlebug on alfalfa and red clover in ILLINOIS was slightly higher this year than in 1969 with a State average of 1.4 adults per sweep compared with 0.9 adult per sweep in 1969. The highest counts were reached in the northeastern and northwestern areas with an average of 1.7 per sweep and 1.8 per sweep, respectively. Control measures were seldom needed, although 350 acres were treated, and damage in 1971 is expected to be noneconomic. First nymphs of meadow spittlebug in MARYLAND appeared in red clover the first week in May, and averaged 1 per square foot in Frederick, Montgomery, Howard, and Carroll Counties. Populations peaked above those of 1969, with heaviest mid-May counts of 8-15 spittle masses per square foot in alfalfa and red clover. Fourth instars ranged 10-15 per sweep of alfalfa in late May in Frederick, Carroll, Baltimore, and Prince Georges Counties. Adults were active by June 12 in alfalfa and red clover statewide. Good growth conditions during spring allowed alfalfa and red clover to outgrow much of earlier damage. Very little hay acreage was sprayed in Maryland. Meadow spittlebug populations were low in all areas of WEST VIRGINIA. There was damage to alfalfa and clover, but no dollar assessment was made. TARNISHED PLANT BUG (Lygus lineolaris) counts per sweep in MAINE were up to 8 on alfalfa and 10 on hay in July. Adults averaged 10 per sweep on alfalfa and 4 on hay with light damage during August. Tarnished plant bug adults averaged 25 per 100 sweeps in the southern two-thirds of INDIANA in alfalfa by mid-May. All stages averaged 228 per 100 sweeps with 67 percent nymphs in the southern district. Populations were heaviest in the south-central district. Populations averaged 100 per 100 sweeps in the central district, and 24 percent were nymphs. In the northern area, populations averaged 82 per 100 sweeps (131 in northeast) and 40 percent were immatures. Infestations were somewhat below those of 1969, Tarnished plant bug caused no economic damage in VIRGINIA. Adults were light in Botetourt, Page, Frederick, Albemarle, Orange, Nelson, Franklin, Campbell, Nottoway, Montgomery, Goochland, and Louisa Counties. Tarnished plant bug activity in OKLAHOMA began on Mayes County alfalfa in late March. Counts were light to moderate in most areas throughout the season. LYGUS BUGS (Lygus spp.) were near normal in alfalfa seed producing areas of Churchill, Humboldt, Lander, Pershing, and Washoe Counties, NEVADA. Control was difficult in some instances. Lygus bugs ranged 350-1,400 per 100 sweeps in most alfalfa in Yuma County, ARIZONA, from mid-March through September. L. elisus, L. hesperus, and Lygus spp. caused nearly normal injury to the alfalfa seed crop in UTAH. Populations were below normal in Millard County alfalfa to midsummer. ‘Bullpuey peqitoseid ey} 184jze UOI}e}SesUr 0} pesodxe jou jt ydulex4 . "I0JOOdSUT UB AQ PelfIjOU OS Useq SBY Jos1oy} uotssessod ut uosded ay} UeyM “SouOY s[Iqoul suipnypour ‘sodA ][@ JO Sole. , BUIZLIaA[Nd 10 Sutpurss Aq pessedoid ji ydutexe oie sjyonpoid Arend pue vuo0zg ‘sgonpoid Aittenb pue 904g .jdwWaxe o18 SUIPpeq Tepsd puv “IOISTIOxe “INOY poomM “YsnpMeS ‘SSUTABYS « JAWIXKE 318 “o19 ‘sorpuvy ‘ainjIUIn} ‘SuULLOOY ‘Sepsulys se yons ‘sjonpord poom poinpoejnueyy , SUISSID0Id Jejjye Ajeyelpowuut peddiys sem Jequin{ oyy 18Y} MOYS 0} payIVUL ST JUSWUNIOP SuIddIYsS 1eYjO 10 [[IqABm sy} puv suIssad01d Jaye yorutp poddiys st sequin, yons peptaoid ‘pelip ujly Jr 10 ‘yreq voVpINS JO da1j pue peddijd spue YIM SepIs INOJ poeMVS IO pessoip JI JdUlexe SI JeQuIN’T ‘poomdynd puv ‘poomp.1o0d ‘sso] ‘sajod ‘syuvid ‘1equuin[ 0} pez] Jou 4nq SsuUIpNoUr ‘s}onpoid AequIty pue ASqUIL], x ydWiexe o18 ‘payvetj-soejains A][TV[IWIS 10 “paysStuUseA ‘potenboev, ‘pexem ‘passeid ‘palip useeq savy jey} sqnays pue seat} Jo syed x» JAWexe 81@ Ja4e “UIVIp UI YOUI J[Vy-suo UY} 10}]ve1S OU SUI9]S Y}IM SUOIDS pue ‘ssUI{4NO ‘sysnog , JOUTB}UOD YOVS JO SpIsjno dy} UO peleqe] OS pu 1eaA Oy JNOYsNo1YY esnoyueeis B Ul UMOIS JI Jdulaxe ore ‘Joorey sqyred pue ‘sqnays pue seety ‘souod pue ‘SszINAj ‘Sposs jdeoxo ‘Joa1ey} sired puv ‘stia}s Apoom yuo4sIsied YIM sqnays ‘seer, GHLVOIGNI SV LIdHOXAE GNNOWUVAA LINYAd YO ALVOIMLLYAO qHaNM GHAOW Ad LSAW SHIOILUV GHLVINDAY ONIMOTION AHL ry G - 174 - Lygus bugs in COLORADO ranged 0-1,200 per 100 sweeps with most fields containing less than 300. Controls were used only in alfalfa seed fields. Lygus bugs were noneconomic in WYOMING and nearly normal in southern IDAHO. Control was required on most seed crops in Idaho, but was not difficult to maintain. Nearly all alfalfa seed fields were treated. Lygus bugs were common on legumes in greater numbers than in recent years in NEW YORK, particularly tarnished plant bug which caused much injury to birdsfoot trefoil grown for seed. Adelphocoris spp. were generally heavier than normal in most WISCONSIN alfalfa, particularly ALFALFA PLANT BUG (A. lineolatus). Nymphs of this species and RAPID PLANT BUG (A. rapidus) were first noted May 8 and adults were observed June 1. Alfalfa plant bug was the predominant species in alfalfa and averaged 30 per sweep in some areas. Alfalfa plant bug was heaviest in the northern districts of INDIANA, averaging 223 per 100 sweeps by September 2 (474 per 100 sweeps in northwest); 38 percent were nymphs. Counts were 87 per 100 sweeps in central districts; 57 percent were immature 7 days earlier. By mid-August, populations averaged 67 per 100 sweeps in the southern counties and 67 percent were immatures. Rapid plant bug was the least important plant bug in Indiana. Counts averaged 38, 33, and 26 per 100 sweeps in the southern, central, and northern districts, respectively, during late August. SUPERB PLANT BUG (A. superbus) was common but generally very light on seed alfalfa in UTAH. i RICE STINK BUG (Oebalus pugnax) adults averaged 0.5 per 10 sweeps in red clover in Johnson County, KANSAS, in mid-November. This was a new county record. SAY STINK BUG (Chlorochroa sayi) caused light, local damage to alfalfa for seed in UTAH. a ALFALFA CATERPILLAR (Colias eurytheme) was more prevalent this year on alfalfa than during 1969 in CALIFORNIA. Larval populations were heavy and damaged alfalfa hay in Clark County, NEVADA, in late August and September. Alfalfa caterpillar population levels remained light from March through late June in ARIZONA. Heaviest populations occurred in alfalfa during late July through early October in Yuma Valley, Gila Valley, Dome Valley, and Blaisdell areas of Yuma County, and the Salt River Valley, Casa Grande, and Coolidge areas of Maricopa and Pinal Counties. Heavy moth flights were not as widespread in alfalfa as in prior years. Heaviest flight occurred in Yuma County in early July. Larval populations of 40 per 100 sweeps occurred in Yuma County from late October through mid-December. Alfalfa caterpillar and PALESTRIPED FLEA BEETLE (Systena blanda) were present in many fields during summer in COLORADO but were never a Serious problem. Larvae averaged 9 per 100 sweeps throughout INDIANA in August but were not a problem. No economic damage was attributed to alfalfa caterpillar in VIRGINIA. GREEN CLOVERWORM (Plathypena scabra) reached threatening proportions in some fields of second cutting alfalfa in central MICHIGAN, but damaging populations did not occur. Counts were reduced in later cuttings. Moths began appearing in WISCONSIN in moderate numbers in blacklight traps at Platteville, Grant County, at Mazomanie, Dane County, and at Hancock, Waushara County, during mid-July. Larvae were prevalent in alfalfa by mid-August. Heaviest counts apparently were in western Wisconsin in alfalfa and soybeans, ranging 1-3 per Sweep in alfalfa and 2 per linear foot of row in soybeans. Green cloverworm was not too important in INDIANA alfalfa. Larvae averaged 19, 52, and 14 per 100 sweeps in the southern, central, and northern areas, respectively. Populations were heaviest in western areas. Larvae were present in most WEST VIRGINIA fields but no economic damage could be attributed to green cloverworm. Green cloverworm started on alfalfa in Alfalfa County, OKLAHOMA, in early April. Populations were heavy in Kiowa, Jackson, Tillman, and Stephens Counties from late September to late October. Larvae of several NOCTUID MOTHS were of concern on alfalfa in some areas during 1970. VARIEGATED CUTWORM (Peridroma saucia) larvae first infested alfalfa in Bryan County, OKLAHOMA, in mid-May. By the third week of May, moderate to heavy numbers of late instars damaged alfalfa in the southwestern, south-central, central, east-central, north-central, and northeastern areas. Pupation began in - 175 - Noble County the last week of May, but damage continued through early June in most areas. Variegated cutworm was economic on alfalfa in Logan and Carroll Counties, ARKANSAS. FALL ARMYWORM (Spodoptera frugiperda) was moderate to heavy and damaging in Jackson, Harmon, Stephens, and Craig Counties, OKLAHOMA, during late September and early October. BEET ARMYWORM (Spodoptera exigua) infested most alfalfa in CALIFORNIA to some degree, and was troublesome on this crop in ARIZONA. Infestations were heavy in Jackson County, OKLAHOMA, in late September, but most larvae died of disease. WESTERN YELLOWSTRIPED ARMYWORM (Spodoptera praefica) caused limited damage to seed alfalfa in UTAH, and damaged alfalfa at PaSadena in Elmore County, IDAHO, in late September and early October. CABBAGE LOOPER (Trichoplusia ni) was heavy on alfalfa in Tillman County, OKLAHOMA, in late October, and SOYBEAN LOOPER (Pseudoplusia includens) was heavy in Jackson and Tillman Counties from late September to late October. The heavy populations of ZEBRA CATERPILLAR (Ceramica picta) that damaged alfalfa hay in Lyon County, NEVADA, the past 2 years, failed to develop during 1970 and no infestations were reported. REDBACKED CUTWORM (Euxoa ochrogaster) was a serious pest of several crops in WASHINGTON. Larvae severely damaged 200 acres of seed alfalfa near Othello, Adams County, where applications of several pesticides gave poor control. In NEW MEXICO, Agrotis venerabilis larvae ranged up to 30 per square foot and denuded alfalfa at Hagerman and Dexter, Chaves County, during March and April. Controls were difficult. WEBWORMS (Loxostege spp.) were heavy in Mayes and Nowata Counties, OKLAHOMA, in late June, in Payne County in early August, in Washita County on clover in late September, and in Stephens County in early October. Webworms were of minor importance on alfalfa in KANSAS during 1970 as in 1969. About 4,700 acres were treated. REDLEGGED GRASSHOPPER (Melanoplus femurrubrum) was apparently increasing in WISCONSIN and during late summer, emphasis was Placed on evaluation of the Situation. Populations ranged 10-30 per square yard, but there was much variation between fields. Some crop damage was noted, but except in some portions of the central sands area, damage was light. However, in Marquette County some alfalfa was nearly stripped of leaves. A grasshopper, probably redlegged grasshopper, was abundant and troublesome during late summer in OHIO. Nymphal feeding damage became serious in northeastern areas in mid-July, and controls were considered. Damage was heaviest on alfalfa and clover; however, some damage was also noted on soybeans, corn, and grasses. Adult populations peaked early in September, and egg laying began. Another grasshopper Opeia obscura was reported from NEVADA for the first time. Specimens were collected during 1969. GARDEN FLEAHOPPER (Halticus bractatus) counts per 100 sweeps of alfalfa in INDIANA averaged 145 in Southern district by mid-August, and 219 in the northern district (550 in north-central) by September 2. Garden fleahopper populations in MARYLAND on alfalfa and red clover were the heaviest of the past 5 years, and controls were needed in several isolated areas. Populations increased sharply in alfalfa and red clover throughout the State. Infestations ranged 2-8 per sweep by June 12, and by early July, increased to 15 per sweep in many fields in Montgomery, Prince Georges, Baltimore, Harford, Howard, and Frederick Counties. By the last of July, most alfalfa in these counties had averages of 3 per Sweep and whitening foliage was evident. Populations ranged 100-200 per sweep on red clover in Kent and Queen Annes Counties during mid-July. = 176) = SPIDER MITES (Tetranychus spp.) in NEVADA were generally heavier on alfalfa hay and more widespread than in previous years. Controls were applied in southern Nye County in March and April. Heavy numbers damaged up to 40 percent of 2,000+ acres in Pershing County in July and made harvesting difficult. PACIFIC SPIDER MITE (T. pacificus) developed heavy numbers on seed alfalfa in Humboldt County from June through August, although less acreage was treated in 1970 than in 1969. ALFALFA SEED CHALCID (Bruchophagus roddi) infestations in NEVADA remained at about the same level as in 1969 in the Seed growing areas, except in Lander County. In this area populations increased due partly to the abandoned alfalfa in the area. Alfalfa seed chalcid was moderate to heavy in alfalfa seed in Harper and Alfalfa Counties, OKLAHOMA, in early September. Alfalfa seed chalcid caused about the normal seed loss in UTAH. LEAFMINER FLIES (Agromyza spp.) continued to cause considerable economic loss to alfalfa in MASSACHUSETTS, Heaviest infestations occurred in mid-July. Alfalfa leaflets in one field in Hampshire County were 59.7 percent infested. Infesta-— tion levels dropped in August and September to subeconomic in most fields in Hampshire and Berkshire Counties. WESTERN FLOWER THRIPS (Frankliniella occidentalis) was heavy and caused heavy damage to buds and leaves of alfalfa hay in Clark County, NEVADA, during late March and early April, and in southern Nye County during May. Unspecified THRIPS were reported to have caused poor seed setting in seed alfalfa in Barton County, KANSAS. About 2,000 acres of alfalfa were treated. SOYBEANS Highlights: BEAN LEAF BEETLE was heavy in Alabama and Minnesota. MEXICAN BEAN BEETLE was a serious pest in Maryland, Virginia, and Alabama. SOYBEAN LOOPER was damaging in Arkansas and heavy in Oklahoma. VELVETBEAN CATERPILLAR was heavy in Florida and Alabama. TWOSPOTTED SPIDER MITE reduced yields in New Jersey. BEAN LEAF BEETLE (Cerotoma trifurcata) was again heavy in several Black Belt counties of ALABAMA, especially in Greene, Sumter, and Marengo Counties where 10-25 percent of the leaves were destroyed in some fields. Damage in NORTH CAROLINA was generally lighter in 1970 than 1969, but it was the most abundant pest on soybeans in 1970. In MARYLAND, adults were active the first week of June and ranged 2-3 per row yard in Talbot, Wicomico, Somerset, Prince Georges, and Queen Annes Counties. Numbers remained stable throughout the season and rarely exceeded 5 per row yard. No controls were applied. Adults in INDIANA were more numerous and more widespread than in 1969. It damaged few central district fields at the end of May, but was otherwise seldom numerous enough to be economic. In MINNESOTA five adults per row foot in, Yellow Medicine and Redwood Counties damaged 75-90 percent of the leaves during August. This is not considered serious that time of the year. Growers were concerned but damage was not important. No pod feeding was observed. Some pod damage in scattered fields in Dodge and Burt Counties, NEBRASKA, during September resulted in 1 percent loss in the fields examined. Damage was not economic in KANSAS. Some heavy infestations occurred in a few fields in the southeastern district with a high of 16.3 per row foot in a Neosho County field. MEXICAN BEAN BEETLE (Epilachna varivestis) in INDIANA was confined to the usual south-central and southeast districts, was less widespread, and slightly less severe than in 1969. Damage in MARYLAND became economic about the second week of July; adults ranged 1-3 per row yard near Girdletree, Worcester County. Moderate to heavy numbers with 40-80 percent defoliation were restricted to Somerset, Worcester, and Wicomico Counties. About 1,200 acres in these counties required controls from July to September. In Accomack and Northampton Counties, VIRGINIA, defoliation ranged 50-100 percent in many fields by July 15. Early defoliation - 177 - and dry weather resulted in 50 percent reduction in many fields with 10-15 bushels per acre common. Populations increased late in the season after a slow start in the Tidewater section. Many fields in Middlesex, Lancaster, Richmond, Gloucester, New Kent, and Nansemond Counties needed treatment by September 9. Since damage occurred late in the season,it is difficult to assess crop reduction due to defoliators in the Tidewater area. Those beans in maturity groups 5, 6, and 7 were most heavily damaged. Counts in NORTH CAROLINA were again generally sub- economic. This pest was very light in SOUTH CAROLINA. Mexican bean beetle was serious in a few isolated fields in southwestern ALABAMA, but numbers were lighter in most fields statewide. Counts in FLORIDA were light at Jay, Santa Rosa County, and in several other areas including Quincy, Gadsden County, and Gainesville, Alachua County. This pest caused some damage in commercial fields at Jay during July. Specimens of a CERAMBYCID BEETLE (Dectes sayi) were collected in Tipton County, TENNESSEE, for a new State record, and in Madison County for a new county record. D. texanus texanus occurs over most of the Coastal Plain of NORTH CAROLINA. Specimens were collected in Franklin, Johnston, Sampson, and Halifax Counties. The greatest damage, up to 30 percent lodging, occurred in Washington, Beaufort, and Hyde Counties where land had been cleared for soybean cultivation. SOYBEAN LOOPER (Pseudoplusia includens) was spotty and usually light to medium in FLORIDA. It was infected late in the Season by Spicaria rileyi (a fungus). P. includens was very light in SOUTH CAROLINA. Numbers of P. includens, the pre- dominant species, along with CABBAGE LOOPER (Trichoplusia ni) in ALABAMA was probably damaging in the coastal counties and less So in central and northern areas. P. includens has been a minor pest in ARKANSAS since 1969 when the first economic infestation occurred. Larvae this year mainly damaged several hundred acres of the Davis soybean variety in Jefferson County. No controls were applied because this species is highly resistant to available insecticides. Heavy numbers of P. includens defoliated soybeans in Jackson and Grady Counties, OKLAHOMA, during late September and early October. T. ni was heavy in Bryan and Jackson Counties during late September. Sx Fave VELVETBEAN CATERPILLAR (Anticarsia gemmatalis) was heavy and widespread after soybeans bloomed in FLORIDA. This pest caused heavy shedding of pods and complete defoliation in several acres of untreated soybeans at Quincy, Gadsden County, during September. Larvae were heavily infested late in the season by Spicaria rileyi (a fungus). A. gemmatalis was very light in SOUTH CAROLINA. Larvae infested numerous but isolated fields in coastal ALABAMA, with heaviest infestations in the extreme southwest. This pest occurred northward into Dallas, Montgomery, and Lee Counties, but was not serious. GREEN CLOVERWORM (Plathypena scabra) caused no economic damage in VIRGINIA, and was very light in SOUTH CAROLINA. Larvae were generally light to moderate and somewhat spotty in FLORIDA. Larvae and other leaf feeders ragged leaves through- out ALABAMA, but the extent of damage was questionable. Green cloverworm was insignificant in KANSAS. About 1,250 acres, all in Crawford and Neosho Counties, were treated. BEET ARMYWORM (Spodoptera exigua) was widespread, particularly in the middle and lower parts of SOUTH CAROLINA. Localized infestations were damaging and very difficult to control. Larvae were collected in Robeson County, NORTH CAROLINA, for a new State record. LESSER CORNSTALK BORER (Elasmopalpus lignosellus) larvae are often a serious problem in FLORIDA, but damage was light to extremely light in 1970. E. lignosellus in SOUTH CAROLINA was locally very destructive. Increases were probably linked with dry weather during May, June, and July. In ALABAMA, E. lignosellus seriously damaged young stands in a few southern fields. First reports were received from Houston County on July 2. WEBWORMS (Loxostege spp.) damaged young soybeans in Tulsa and Mayes Counties, OKLAHOMA, during early July. Larvae fed mostly on the stems at or below ground level. - 178 - GREEN STINK BUG (Acrosternum hilare) appeared in northeastern OKLAHOMA during mid- August. Nymphs and adults of BROWN STINK BUG (Euschistus servus) and SOUTHERN GREEN STINK BUG (Nezara viridula) became pests after pod development in coastal ALABAMA although they occurred throughout the State. Damage was less than in 1969. Generally light to medium, N. viridula damaged some pods in FLORIDA. In VIRGINIA, subeconomic numbers of A. hilare were detected in King and Queen, Richmond, Lancaster, Middlesex, Gloucester, New Kent, Nottoway, and Amelia Counties during early September. THRIPS were heavy in MARYLAND only in isolated areas on the Eastern Shore and in the southern area. Heaviest counts ranged 2-4 per leaf in Caroline, Talbot, and Prince Georges Counties during June. Silvering there in 6 to 8-inch soybeans occurred in several fields. About 700 acres required early season controls. By mid-July natural factors reduced numbers. GRASSHOPPERS (Melanoplus spp.) numbers in ILLINOIS reached the highest level in several years. Damage to marginal rows waS common in central and southern areas; occasionally, entire fields required treatment. About 69,200 acres were treated. Good growing conditions and lush grass in fencerows and along roadsides provided ample food and slowed migrations into soybeans and corn and thereby averted serious crop damage. Some problems are expected in 1971 in the central and southern areas where fall counts indicated several counties with threatening numbers. Hot, dry weather during egg hatch in June will favor the survival of spring nymphs. TWOSPOTTED SPIDER MITE (Tetranychus urticae) in NEW JERSEY seriously defoliated several fields in Middlesex County by September 1. Yield loss in one soybean field was about 25 percent. STRAWBERRY SPIDER MITE (T. turkestani) in MARYLAND was the lightest within the past several years. Heavy midsummer rains did not favor buildups. PEANUTS LESSER CORNSTALK BORER (Elasmopalpus lignosellus) was generally light throughout most peanut areas of TEXAS. Counts ranged medium to heavy in Denton County during August and were light in other north-central areas. Populations were light to moderate in Marshall, Bryan, Hughes, and Caddo Counties, OKLAHOMA, from early July to late September. Damage was scattered in SOUTH CAROLINA. REDNECKED PEANUTWORM (Stegasta bosqueella) became important in ARKANSAS due to an increase in peanut acreage. Less than 500 of 4,000 acres were treated. Infestations, generally less than one larva per plant terminal, were noneconomic. Moderate to heavy numbers in OKLAHOMA infested 75 percent of the terminals in Lincoln County during late June. GRANULATE CUTWORM (Feltia subterranea) fed on some peanuts in FLORIDA. Damage was light in a field at Quincy, Gadsden County, during early July. Granulate cutworm was a pest in many fields in southeastern ALABAMA. About 70 percent of the 189,000 acres grown in the State were treated. Control was difficult. SPOTTED CUCUMBER BEETLE (Diabrotica undecimpunctata howardi) populations in NORTH CAROLINA decreased one-third from those found in 1969. Damage in VIRGINIA was light and scattered in the peanut belt. Adults were plentiful as early as the third week of July, but severe larval damage did not occur. THRIPS (Frankliniella spp.) were moderate in Okmulgee County, OKLAHOMA, during early July. TOBACCO THRIPS (F. fusca) damage was trace in SOUTH CAROLINA. F. fusca was a major problem throughout NORTH CAROLINA; 95 percent of the growers applied an organic phosphate at planting. Moderate to severe numbers of unspecified THRIPS in VIRGINIA injured peanuts in Prince George, Nansemond, Southampton, and Isle of Wight Counties during early July. Dry weather then rendered systemic insecticides ineffective. Wet weather in mid-July diminished the thrips problem. - 179 - A BURROWING STINK BUG (Pangaeus bilineatus) ranged light to heavy on peanuts in Frio County, TEXAS. A SPIDER MITE (Tetranychus sp.) damaged peanuts in OKLAHOMA at Perkins, Payne County, during August. TWOSPOTTED SPIDER MITE (T. urticae) was very damaging and difficult to control with registered materials in SOUTH CAROLINA. COTTON Highlights: BOLL WEEVIL and BOLLWORM continued to be the major pests of cotton in most cotton producing States in 1970. In much of the Deep South, boll weevil populations were fewer than during 1969 and controls were effective in most cases. Populations of bollworm and TOBACCO BUDWORM were troublesome in several Southern and Southwestern States. Several NOCTUID MOTHS were of concern throughout the cotton growing States. THRIPS were damaging in Texas. BOLL WEEVIL (Anthonomus grandis) populations were increasing in late June in south and south-central TEXAS. Populations were light statewide during mid-July, with the exception of the south-central areas where controls were applied in many cases. Frequent rain Showers aided in the buildup in the south-central and Coastal Bend areas during late July and early August. Weevil infestations increased in several counties below the Caprock near Lubbock in early August, and in the Rolling Plains during the middle of August. Several boll weevil diapause control programs were again carried out in the Coastal Bend area of Texas during 1970. Boll weevil adults appeared in Jackson and Kiowa Counties, OKLAHOMA, the last week of May, and in Payne County in late June. Counts were generally light during June and July statewide, but ranged moderate to heavy in the southeastern, south- central, southwestern, and west-central counties during August. Infestations continued through October in the southwestern area and probably produced large overwintering populations in favorable areas. Boll weevil and Heliothis zea (bollworm) are the major cotton pests in ARKANSAS. Treatment for these pests increased from on fewer than 1 percent of the cotton before late July to on 10 percent. Controls continued to increase as the season progressed and a high of 77 percent of the cotton fields were treated in early September. Boll weevil control was effective; however, yields were reduced in northeast Arkansas due to no treatments. Boll weevil was first reported in MISSISSIPPI in mid-June. Highest peaks occurred in late August, but weevils were still present on green cotton in early October. Losses to cotton in the delta region and the north- eastern sections of Mississippi were not as great as in 1969; however, loss is estimated at $28,000,000. Spring surveys indicated the overwintered boll weevil population in ALABAMA was lighter than from 1966 to 1969. Early infestations were light, especially in the upper central areas and all of northern Alabama. Favorable weather permitted sizeable populations to develop at each generation. Controls were necessary during late June and early July in the southern and central areas. In northern areas, damaging numbers developed during the second and third generations. About -4 applications of insecticide were made statewide compared with 7 and 9 in 1969. Most cotton was well advanced before boll weevil problems developed and the yield is expected to be the fifth highest on record. Spring survival counts in SOUTH CAROLINA were the lightest since 1940. Late season control efforts in 1969 and extremely low temperatures during the winter of 1969-1970 were probable factors in reduced carryover. Populations were extremely slow to develop during the 1970 season. Controls were not applied in some Piedmont areas. Boll weevil did develop in Coastal Plain areas late in the season and controls were necessary. Weevil migration was delayed or did not develop in South Carolina. Overwintered boll weevils in NORTH CAROLINA were the lightest in recorded history for most sections. Damaging infestations did not develop until late July or early August, and most cotton was mature by this time. Boll weevil reduced yields in the most severe infestation by 25 percent. Heaviest counts occurred in Scotland, Robeson, Hoke, Anson, and Union Counties. The first boll weevil adults of the season in TENNESSEE - 180 - were found feeding on terminal buds in McNairy County the first week in June. No increase was noted until the last week of June when adults were found feeding on terminal buds of cotton in 7 western counties. No egg laying punctures had been found at this time. First-generation weevils began appearing in older cotton during the third week of July. Infestations remained spotted. The first generation "hatchout" peaked the week ending July 24, and many fields in the regularly infested area were above control levels. Punctured squares averaged 12 percent the week ending July 31. Second-generation weevils peaked the second week of August and punctured squares ranged 4-78 percent. Conditions were ideal at this time for further buildup. During the third week of August, migration to uninfested areas of Tennessee was observed. Small bolls were damaged in the southern tier of counties. Punctured squares ranged 10-94 percent. Due to weather conditions and rank cotton, control was difficult. During the last week of August and through September, small boll damage was heavy where squares were scarce. Early cotton was no longer attractive to boll weevils and damage occurred in late rank cotton. Controls were effective when applied properly. For Boll Weevil in the Texas High Plains and in the Southwest see CEIR 21(10):113. BOLLWORM (Heliothis zea) moth flights in NORTH CAROLINA were heavy into cotton during late July in Scotland, Robeson, Hoke, and Union Counties, and during the first half of August in Johnston, Nash, Edgecombe, and Halifax Counties. Eggs and larvae were sufficient in most southern area fields by August 1 to warrant controls. In middle and northern counties, H. zea larval counts reached economic levels during the second week of August and remained high until the second week of September. Losses due to bollworm were light, primarily due to the crop maturing earlier than in previous years. Losses up to 30 percent were observed in improperly treated fields. TOBACCO BUDWORM (H. virescens) was light in North Carolina during 1970. In TENNESSEE, a few H. zea eggs were found in terminals in early June. By June 12, eggs and larvae were in older terminal buds. This was unusual for this time of year. Up to half-inch larvae were reported numerous throughout the cotton growing area, and many fields were above control levels. Egg and larval counts declined during the week ending July 17; however, most fields continued to be above control levels and controls were used in many areas. H. zea continued to cause considerable damage during July and into August. By Tate August, only late rank cotton was still attractive to the moths. Damage to late cotton continued through September in Tennessee. Controls were difficult to apply and in many instances were ineffective. Bollworm and tobacco budworm have become the major pests of cotton in SOUTH CAROLINA during the past 10 years. There has been much progress in delaying early chemical applications to give beneficial insects an opportunity to suppress populations. In some areas, such as the upper Piedmont, where no early or midseason applications were made, bollworms built up, heavy damage occurred in many fields, and populations became uncontrollable. Bollworm and tobacco budworm were major pests of cotton through- out ALABAMA following a buildup of two or more generations on clovers, vetch, and corn. Infestations and damage were much less than in 1969. Heavy infestations of Heliothis spp. were noted as early as June 5 in MISSISSIPPI. Peaks were reached in late August and were still present on green cotton in early September. Loss to cotton due to Heliothis spp. is estimated at $10,000,000. Bollworms and boll weevil are the major pests of cotton in ARKANSAS. Control meas-— ures are interrelated. Fewer than 1 percent of the fields were treated for these pests prior to late July when 10 percent were treated. Treatments increased as the season advanced to a high of 77 percent in early September. H. zea is much more prevalent than H. virescens. Of 7,756 Heliothis larvae collected from cotton, 445 or 5.7 percent were determined H. virescens. In OKLAHOMA, H. zea larvae were noted from mid-July in the southwestern area into early October in most areas. Eggs and damaged squares seldom averaged over 15 percent in most areas, but counts were heavy in scattered areas in Bryan and Marshall Counties during September. H. virescens occurred only in Grady County, where larvae comprised 50-60 percent of the bollworm populations during the second half of September and early October. Populations of H. zea and H. virescens increased in early June in south TEXAS. H. virescens Tarvae were found in heavy populations in - 181 - Cameron County and caused considerable damage to cotton during mid-July. Increased H. zea activity was noted late in July throughout Texas. Infestations were heaviest in the Trans-Pecos area and in Collin, Grayson, and Ellis Counties in the Blacklands. Increased H. virescens populations were noted in the College Station (Brazos County) and Waco (McLennan County) areas on August 4. Very few fields required treatment for H. Zea in NEW MEXICO. Most damage to cotton by H. zea in ARIZONA occurred after September 1. Although larvae were found on young cotton in early June, most infestations were eliminated. Many growers in Cochise, Graham, Maricopa, Pima, Pinal, and Yuma Counties maintained regular spray programs, or subscribed to some type of field checking service. BEET ARMYWORM (Spodoptera exigua) larvae were very damaging to young cotton and to older cotton late in the SeaSon in CALIFORNIA. Larvae were troublesome on cotton seedlings in Yuma County, ARIZONA, and controls were required. Beet armyworm appeared in SOUTH CAROLINA about mid-July and began feeding on cotton and other hosts. The initial buildup probably occurred on pigweed. Larval damage was heavy locally in some areas of the Coastal Plain. CABBAGE LOOPER (Trichoplusia ni) larvae were heavy in many fields in the Salt River Valley of Maricopa County, ARIZONA, from mid-August through September. Heavy rains in early September helped reduce many potential infestations. Cabbage looper larvae damaged cotton in Jackson and Marshall Counties, OKLAHOMA, during September. SOYBEAN LOOPER (Pseudoplusia includens) damaged scattered fields in Grady County, Oklahoma, during early October. Cabbage looper infestations in SOUTH CAROLINA were about normal for the year. No controls were applied. Naturally occurring viruses and fungi reduced cabbage looper populations in most fields. Naturally occurring pathogens also kept cabbage looper below economic levels in NORTH CAROLINA. A nuclear polyhedrosis virus and Spicaria rileyi (a fungus) were primarily responsible. SPIDER MITES were a problem on cotton in several areas. TWOSPOTTED SPIDER MITE (Tetranychus urticae) has become the predominant spider mite on cotton in SOUTH CAROLINA. In paSt years spider mites were mainly pests of maturing cotton, but in recent years they have infested cotton from the seedling stage to harvest. Failure of growers to destroy early season hosts adjacent to cotton and reduction of field populations of predators and parasites have contributed to continued trouble. Where systemic insecticides are used at planting, growers appear to have fewer spider mite problems on seedlings. Unusually high counts of Tetranychus spp. occurred in local areas of Scotland and Robeson Counties, NORTH CAROLINA, during early and midseason. Infestations also developed in Halifax and Northampton Counties. Tetranychus spp. occurred in local areas of Scotland and Robeson Counties, NORTH CAROLINA, during early and midseason. Infestations also developed in Halifax and Northampton Counties. Tetranychus spp. stunted plants most severely on the periphery of fields. Only a few fields needed controls. Spider mite infestations in TENNESSEE were spotty during the week ending June 10 with heavy infestations in some isolated fields. Damage continued during July and August. Controls were effective when properly applied. In NEVADA, Tetranychus spp., required control on about 200 acres in Nye County in June, July, and August. TARNISHED PLANT BUG (Lygus lineolaris) damage was light to pinhead squares during June, July, and August in TENNESSEE. Infestations were not at levels to warrant control for this species alone. CLOUDED PLANT BUG (Neurocolpus nubilus) adults were collected from blooms and squares in a large cotton field in Colbert County, ALABAMA, August 18. This was the first report of this pest in the State. COTTON FLEAHOPPER (Pseudatomoscelis seriatus) populations began to cause concern in south TEXAS in early June. Infestations were heavy and a major problem in central Texas and in the Blacklands area during late July. Counts of up to 125 per 100 terminals were reported in many fields. Infestations of cotton fleahopper were found in southeastern, south-central, southwestern, central, east-central, and north- central, OKLAHOMA, from early June through mid-August. Counts were heavy in most southwestern and west-central counties during mid-July, partly because dry weather made native hosts unattractive. Counts ranged moderate to heavy in Coal County during mid-August. Lygus sp. required controls on about 200 acres in Nye County, NEVADA, in July and August. - 182 - THRIPS were a problem on cotton in some areas, but mostly early in the season. Thrips were a major problem in the Rolling Plains, South Plains, and Trans-Pecos regions of TEXAS during June. Populations were light to heavy but decreased toward late June. Frankliniella spp. were usually light in southwestern and south-central, OKLAHOMA, from mid-May to mid-July. TOBACCO THRIPS (F. fusca) and FLOWER THRIPS (F. tritici) occurred on cotton statewide in ALABAMA, especially when plants were in the 2 to 6-leaf stage. Controls consisted mostly of preplant systemics. tobacco thrips was not the problem it once was in SOUTH CAROLINA due to the widespread use of treated seed and systemic insecticides. Seedlings outgrew damage. Thrips and damage were light during the third week of May in TENNESSEE. Populations were moderate to heavy during the fourth week of May and damage was apparent. Thrips migrated during the first and second weeks of June from early cotton to late cotton, and damage was light to heavy. By mid to late June, all cotton was past thrips damage. COTTON APHID (Aphis gossypii) ranged 1-50 per plant on 2 to 4-leaf cotton through- out ALABAMA. Large numbers of Hippodamia convergens (convergent lady beetle) and other predators were also present and controlled aphid infestations in 10-20 days. There was some discoloration of lint in isolated fields late in the season due to sooty mold on honeydew residues deposited by aphids feeding on top leaves. Cotton aphid caused very light damage to cotton seedlings in SOUTH CAROLINA. TOBACCO TOBACCO FLEA BEETLE (Epitrix hirtipennis) numbers and damage were light in FLORIDA. Field populations in SOUTH CAROLINA were believed to have been heavier than in recent years. In VIRGINIA, adults lightly damaged tobacco in plant beds and newly set plants during May in the tobacco belt--Pittsylvania County and surrounding counties. By September 9 several fields in Prince Edward County showed light to moderate numbers of holes in the leaves. Economic damage was very light due to effective spray practices. In MARYLAND it was first active May 22 in St. Marys County. Counts on newly set tobacco ranged 1-6 per plant during June. Heavy Summer rains promoted good tobacco growth and minimized injury from June to August. No field sprays were applied. TOBACCO WIREWORM (Conoderus vespertinus) and SOUTHERN POTATO WIREWORM (C. falli) were very light in FLORIDA. ice vespertinus infestations in many of the problem fields in SOUTH CAROLINA are believed to have been markedly reduced during 1970. CUTWORMS, mostly GRANULATE CUTWORM (Feltia subterranea), were light in FLORIDA and not a problem as in 1969. CABBAGE LOOPER (TrichoplusSia ni) was moderate, but damage was light in the State. Light in the field, POTATO TUBERWORM (Phthorimaea operculella) in Florida was mostly a problem in hybrid seed production in green— houses. in MARYLAND an unusually heavy infestation of P. operculella damaged 50 percent of a 2-acre stand near Galesville, Anne Arundel County. One acre needed replanting. GREEN PEACH APHID (Myzus persicae) was heavy during spring in untreated beds of shade-grown tobacco in FLORIDA. Damage was light in SOUTH CAROLINA. In MARYLAND it infested tobacco in early July. Infested plants ranged 1-10 per 50 plants in Charles, St. Marys, Calvert, Anne Arundel, and Prince Georges Counties. Remaining light throughout the season, this aphid rarely infested over 30 percent of a field throughout southern Maryland. Systemics applied before planting gave good season control. MOLE CRICKETS (Scapteriscus spp.) caused some damage in shade-grown tobacco plant beds at Quincy, Gadsden County, FLORIDA. - 183 - SUGAR BEETS Highlights: Control of SUGARBEET ROOT MAGGOT was effective in Idaho but not in Wyoming in many cases. BEET ARMYWORM was more of a pest than usual in California. BEET WEBWORM was much heavier in Wyoming. Due to SUGARBEET ROOT APHID, producing good sugar beets in Arizona was difficult. SUGARBEET ROOT MAGGOT (Tetanops myopaeformis) adults emerged May 15 in south- central IDAHO and peaked in Gooding, Jerome, Lincoln, Twin Falls, Cassia, and Minidoka Counties during late May and early June. Damage was minimized by soil insecticides at planting and by cold, wet weather during adult activity. Larvae ranged from zero with the best treatments to 35 per beet with no treatments. Root maggots were present in Bannock, Bingham, Bonneville, Caribou, Cassia, Franklin, Gooding, Jerome, Lincoln, Madison, Minidoka, Oneida, Power, and Twin Falls Counties. Adults, but no damage, were observed in UTAH. Damage in COLORADO ranged from light to heavy in the sugar-beet growing areas of Larimer, Weld, and Boulder Counties. Adults emerged during early May and peaked in late May. Overall loss was light, with the heaviest damage in more recently infested areas. Sugarbeet root maggot adults in WYOMING appeared in Park and Big Horn Counties during mid-May and peaked about June 5. Hatch began about mid-June. Counts were much higher in 1970 with about 25,350 acres infested. Controls were not effective in many cases. Maggots in NORTH DAKOTA were 0.5-3.0 inches deep in old fields the first week of May. By May 22, some adults had emerged. By June 5, about 70 percent of the maggots had pupated. By June 8 the first eggs of the season were seen and adult controls were started. By June 26, adults and eggs were present in most new fields and eggs had hatched. Fly emergence was completed. By mid- September, up to 42 (averaged 4) maggots per plant were 3-7 inches deep. Numbers declined from 1969. About 24,000 acres were infested. Controls were applied to over 19,000 acres. Present controls have been erratic. SPINACH LEAFMINER (Pegomya hyoscyami) occurred during May and June in northeastern COLORADO, but damage was very light overall. Counts in WYOMING were low throughout the season. BEET ARMYWORM (Spodoptera exigua) was probably more of a pest than in the past in CALIFORNIA. S. exigua damaged Seedlings in Maricopa and Pinal Counties, ARIZONA. Sugar beets recovered better than lettuce. ZEBRA CATERPILLAR (Ceramica picta) and S. exigua were light in COLORADO. BEET WEBWORM (Loxostege Sticticalis) occurred in Colorado during May and June; overall damage waS light. Larvae were light in most fields during June and July. Counts in Otero County were less than 20 per 100 sweeps. L. sticticalis in WYOMING was much heavier than in 1969. Damage occurred in Fremont, Platte, Park, Big Horn, and Washakie Counties. Larvae were first noted in Park County June 9. Counts peaked the last week of June. Infesta- tions were scattered and variable. Many fields were treated. Second-brood larvae caused some damage in Washakie County; many fields were sprayed twice. A WEEVIL (Cosmobaris americana) in WASHINGTON was found on a new host, sugar beets, near Grandview, Yakima County. Active in late May, larvae and adults of a CARRION BEETLE (Silpha bituberosa) damaged some fields in Hot Springs, Park, and Washakie Counties, WYOMING. Control results were good. Some fields were replanted. Shotholes by WESTERN BLACK FLEA BEETLE (Phyllotreta pusilla) in NORTH DAKOTA ranged 1-8 per leaf on up to all of the plants in Scattered fields in Walsh, Pembina, and McKenzie Counties by mid-June. Unspecified WIREWORMS, up to 12 per plant, damaged sugar beets in Pembina County, North Dakota. Wireworms in MICHIGAN damaged a few fields, an unusual occurrence. - 184 - POTATO APHID (Macrosiphum euphorbiae) built up heavily in the Yakima Valley, Yakima County, WASHINGTON. GREEN PEACH APHID (Myzus persicae), increasing slowly in Washington, reached heavy numbers by mid to late season. M. persicae was a general pest in several CALIFORNIA locations. In UTAH, M. persicae was the most common species to infest sugar beets. BEAN APHID (Aphis fabae) was light in seed fields in Washington County, Utah, during spring. SUGARBEET ROOT APHID (Pemphigus populivenae) made production of good sugar beets very difficult in some ARIZONA areas. BEET LEAFHOPPER (Circulifer tenellus) and CLOVER LEAFHOPPER (Aceratagallia sanguinolenta) in COLORADO were in most fields in low numbers. SAY STINK BUG (Chlorochroa sayi) and a smaller STINK BUG (Thyanta rugulosa) were light in several fields in Prowers County, COLORADO. TARNISHED PLANT BUG (Lygus lineolaris) bronzed some leaves, an unusual occurrence, in MICHIGAN late in the season. MISCELLANEOUS FIELD CROPS VARIEGATED CUTWORM (Peridroma saucia) larvae became economic in some mint fields in the Willamette Valley of OREGON in July. Larval estimates ranged 87,000 to 283,000 per acre. BEET ARMYWORM (Spodoptera exigua) larvae in FLORIDA were damaging to young 6-inch tall kenaf plants in the Redlands area west of South Miami during early May. SUNFLOWER MOTH (Homoeosoma electellum) larvae were economic on an experimental planting of Sunflowers at Brookings, Brookings County, in late May. Insecticides controlled the infestation. Larvae of a FLEA BEETLE (Longitarsus waterhousei) damaged about 25 percent of 25 acres of peppermint by June in Clark County, WASHINGTON. STRAWBERRY ROOT WEEVIL (Brachyrhinus ovatus) infestations were sporadic on mint throughout OREGON. A CECIDOMYIID MIDGE ("'Cecidomyia'' texana) was heavy in many counties of the Rolling Plains of TEXAS on guar. Infestations were heaviest in Knox and Haskell Counties where larval averages of 2 per bud were common. WESTERN FLOWER THRIPS (Frankliniella occidentalis) populations were very numerous in sunflower blossoms in UTAH. GREEN PEACH APHID (Myzus persicae) and Phorodon menthae were heavy on peppermint in WASHINGTON near Othello, Adams County. Controls were applied often. Weather of the week continued from page 160. TEMPERATURE: Winter temperatures continued from the northern Great Plains to New England. Detroit Lakes, Minnesota, registered -20° Monday morning. Arctic air poured southward and freezing weather reached the gulf coast. New Orleans, Louisiana, recorded 28° Monday. AS brisk northerly winds brought cool tempera-— tures southward on the front side of a high, southerly breezes brought a warming trend to mid-America on the back side of the high. Oklahoma City, Oklahoma, registered 67° Monday afternoon. By Thursday, maximums over the Great Plains ranged from the 40's to the 50's in the Dakotas to the 60's in Kansas, the 70'S in Oklahoma, and the 80's in much of Texas. Waco and Alice, Texas, registered 88° and 89° respectively Thursday afternoon. Maximums in the Far West ranged in general from the 40's in Washington to the 80's in southern California. Sub- freezing temperatures occurred almost every morning over the Great Basin and Rocky Mountain States. As the weekend storm moved to the central Great Plains, southerly winds brought Summer weather over the central and southern Great Plains. Gage, Oklahoma, registered 87° Saturday, when temperatures over much of Texas reached the 90's. McAllen, Texas, registered 101° Sunday afternoon. Weekly mean temperatures were above normal over most of the Nation. Main exceptions included the Far West, northeast from Wisconsin to New England, and southeast from Alabama to the Carolinas and Florida. Most of the Great Plains from Canda to the lower Rio Grande averaged 6 to 10° warmer than normal. 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SEN, Th ea a Erie a Pasta e eaaveede Le Cok ee a: | q Res OTOH: ey ae He Se ee ce Pad i ef hid 0004 USENLINATA122 03001 0001 US ENTOMOLOGY LIBRARY DEPT ENTOM NATIONAL MUSEUM WASHINGTON DC 29560 2: _ @, VOL, 21 /No. 13 March 26, 1971 Oe ke ie Cooperative ECONOMIC INSECT REPORT ( aPR 21971 |) Issued by PLANT. PROTECTION DIVISION AGRICULTURAL RESEARCH SERVICE 4 UNITED STATES DEPARTMENT OF.-AGRICULTURE AGRICULTURAL RESEARCH SERVICE PLANT PROTECTION DIVISION ECONOMIC INSECT SURVEY AND DETECTION The Cooperative Economic Insect Report is issued weekly as a service to American Agriculture. Its contents are compiled from information supplied by cooperating State, Federal, and industrial entomologists and other agricul- tural workers. In releasing this material the Division serves as a clearing house and does not assume responsi- bility for accuracy of the material. To facilitate mailroom handling, all reports, inquiries, and other matters pertaining to this release, including the mailing list, should be sent to: The Editors, CEIR Economic Insect Survey and Detection Plant Protection Division, ARS, USDA Federal Center Building Hyattsville, Maryland 20782 Volume 21 March 26, 1971 Number 13 COOPERATIVE ECONOMIC INSECT REPORT HIGHLIGHTS Current Conditions GREENBUG damaged small grains in Texas, heavy On untreated wheat in Oklahoma SPOTTED ALFALFA APHID heavy on alfalfa in southwest Oklahoma, some controls needed in southeast New Mexico. (p. 187). BROWN WHEAT MITE heavy on wheat in Oklahoma. WINTER GRAIN MITE damaged small grains in Texas. (p. 188). YELLOW SCALE populations on citrus lowest since 1963 in Florida. (p. 189). Detection A NOCTUID MOTH reported for the first time from Hawaii. This is a new } Western Hemisphere record. Larvae of this species attack shade trees in the Philippines. (p. 193). For new county records see page 192. Special Reports Summary of Insect Conditions in the United States - 1970. Potatoes, Tomatoes, Peppers (pp. 194-198). Beans and Peas (pp. 198-200). Cole Crops (pp. 200-203). Cucurbits (pp. 203-204). General Vegetables (pp. 204-206). Predications Possibility for SPRING CANKERWORM outbreak exists in Kansas. Defoliation by a CONIFER SAWFLY this spring expected to be light to moderate in Arkansas. Gp 2190): Some First Occurrences of Season ALFALFA WEEVIL adults in Oklahoma, larvae in Tennessee. EASTERN TENT CATERPILLAR larvae in Alabama, Mississippi, Oklahoma, Arkansas; webbing in Texas. FALL WEBWORM adults in Florida. STABLE FLY adults in Oklahoma. SUBTERRANEAN TERMITE adults in Nevada and Maryland. CLOVER STEM BORER adults in Florida. Reports in this issue are for week ending March 19 unless otherwise indicated. = 185 - = IG = CONTENTS Special Insects of Regional Significance. ...cccccccccrcccvscresrrovesccceseeeldl Insects Affecting Corn, Sorghum, Sugarcane.....+..-.-187 Small WIUBIES 4 odo oD GOOD CODD oC OOOO GIES) SieALik (GreAsuNS 5 oooh ooo dobo0ooodb OOO §OrmemamMemraISooo000000000000000000 018 Forage LegumeS.....e-ccessseceecees lS HKorest and Shade MITC CSSieveheiel oxelehoveheten eo) Susar BES celelelcieleieicicieisieversielvelsietere LOO ma anny cnc ATIaIMNAw Sl yelcvelenelelel elle heleNele tener OO) General VegetableS.....«++e++e-eee-.-189 Households and Structures........191 Deciduous mcudcts Fanci oNUbSe ciereeieei eee Oo SiL OCC PLOGUCEStcnsrereloletelolcteherelenehereneneeeo ne CHUmwUSs6o5co0gad00b000DOOGdDD QD GOD Cody) Benet uc sinSe Cust reiernatnelerecnotonchelleneleliclehclionel crelneielomerenetenclcvelotenchelsielolerc ict h-l- ie Niemann ac. Hederale ands Staten Plant Proue cba OnmPLOe TAM Sie clelenenelenel clelelelelele\clel clalelofsielelolelalonelononnete ec = IDEEOXSPNLOMG Gago Ao dooDDDDdO dbo OUD OO OU OO DDODOUUDDDOD ODE OOOO DDO CODD GOO ODOODOOO OOOO COimHAGHIOMS 55 ngcoaccdCO DODO UO dbo OO bOOD DUO D DODD O ODDO OOOO CDOOObDOObOOOO ADDO OOOO Nee ipa Moa COMLECEIOMS > o0cobncd0 F000 DDDUOdDDDD DIDO ODDDD DO DOD Db O0NDDODOOD DOD OIE Hawaticia nlinse citeRepOttlerereleneleietersteiolehelenekonelelclelctoneleisleheueloneietclsienelelelaiokelolcneLelalcdctelehle hott neNetet eyes Summary of Insect Conditions in the United States - 1970 Potatoes) LOMAtOeS), LepPEUShevelelehelic slice) cllelaleleielelelelolelelieleliolelelic) olelerslclelieleleKeleneleholeleNehetetat ho Beans sand PeasmerarericicichelccrelcheteletenctolictehelieiciclicteneletelelonolclohoiceroicnoictarcholciolcielenelcNcheleTololeke Remeron tole COMERICLODSsraretereiaelakevelolovolehevelielisheleheveleleielielolelelicheicheneloleheloteker sleiclckorevekerciel ekonclolchetonalehonsaeketenst Oe) (GUYS LES AHO OOOO OCG OD DOC ODDO OOOO OOOO OOO OUD CHO OOD UUOOCIC0dd6500000000708 Gemeral WEEeetaolessoogcccccd0bud00D DD DOD ODD DDN DUODDDDDDDNDDDODDDAODODDOO OOOO Dm ——— WEATHER OF THE WEEK ENDING MARCH 22 HIGHLIGHTS: A storm developed over the Great Basin, crossed the Rocky Mountains, intensified, and moved northeastward across the central Great Plains and Great Lakes region to New England. Blizzards and severe dust storms occurred along the storm paths. Winds exceeded 60 m,p.h. and gusted to much higher speeds. Snowfalls of 10 inches or more were common from Iowa to New England. PRECIPITATION: As the week began an intense storm was centered over northern Michigan. GuSty winds and a few tornadoes occurred in the Ohio River Valley. Indiana and Ohio suffered widespread wind damage. House trailers were toppled, barns lost their roofs, and trees and power lines were blown down. Heavy Snow fell in the northern Great Plains and upper Mississippi River Valley. A few showers and snow flurries continued into Tuesday which otherwise was mostly fair and dry. A Pacific storm brought light rains to the northern Pacific coast and snow flurries to the mountains in the Northwest. A new storm began developing in the Great Basin late Tuesday and early Wednesday. It spread snow over the central Rocky Mountains as it moved eastward. Lander, Wyoming, received 5 inches of snow Tuesday afternoon. Three inches fell at Rapid City, South Dakota, accompanied by winds gusting to 50 m.p.h. Much stronger gusts occurred farther south. Grand Junction, Colorado, registered gusts to 63 m.p.h. on Wednesday. Blowing dust reduced visibility at Grand Junction to 0.5 mile. Widespread dust storms occurred over the Oklahoma and Texas Panhandles and west of the Pecos River in Texas. The storm deepened as it moved eastward Thursday. It dumped 7 inches of snow at Ocheyedan, Iowa, Thursday morning. Blowing snow or blowing dust reduced visibility to near zero in places. Gusts reached 70 m.p.h. at Imperiel, Nebraska, and 75 m.p.h. at Dodge City, Kansas, Thursday forenoon and 100 m.p.h. at Hastings, Nebraska, in the afternoon, Strong winds continued over Nebraska and Kansas Thursday night and early Friday. At Hays, Kansas, wind speed remained at 65 m.p.h. or higher for 3 consecutive hours and reached a peak gust of 115 m.p.h. The storm continued northeastward over the weekend leaving 6-15 inches of new snow. Seasonal snowfall totals at a number of locations in New England have exceeded previous record totals. By Sunday, intensity of the snowfall had decreased, but flurries continued from western Pennsylvania to northern Maine. A large area from California to eastern portions of Oklahoma and Texas received no rain or only light widely scattered sprinkles. Much of this area is becoming dry. Weather of the week continued on page 206. = US = SPECIAL INSECTS OF REGIONAL SIGNIFICANCE ARMY CUTWORM (Euxoa auxiliaris) - OKLAHOMA - Larvae per 10 linear feet of wheat ranged up to 6 in 5 Blaine County fields, up to 7 in 4 southern Kingfisher County fields, and up to 4 in 2 of 5 Kiowa County fields. About 75 percent of larvae in late stages. (Okla. Coop. Sur.). KANSAS - Larvae averaged 0.3 and 0.4 per row foot in 3 to 4-inch wheat in 2 Seward County fields, and 0-0.5 in 10 Meade County fields. Very little foliar damage noted. (Bell). CORN EARWORM (Heliothis zea) - ARIZONA - Larvae averaged 280 per 100 sweeps in one alfalfa field at Gila Valley, Yuma County. (Ariz. Coop. Sur.). CORN LEAF APHID (Rhopalosiphum maidis) - NEW MEXICO - Very light on barley in Dona Ana County. (N.M. Coop. Rpt.). GREENBUG (Schizaphis graminum) - ARIZONA - Averages per 100 sweeps of barley and wheat about 8-inches tall in Yuma County: 200 on March 9 and 800 on March 16 in 4 fields. Averaged 60 per 100 sweeps in 60-acre barley field at Coolidge, Pinal County. Infestation of several weeks past required treatment at Pima, Graham County; recent cold temperatures nearly eliminated populations. Predaceous insects and ground spiders abundant in fields checked. Greenbug averaged 100 per linear foot in 3-inch barley in Kansas Settlement and Cochise areas of Cochise County. Aphids found just below soil surface in crown area of plants. No greenbugs found in wheat. (Ariz. Coop. Sur.). TEXAS - Damage heavy to smail grains in Archer, Wilbarger, Foard, Knox, Hardeman, Throckmorton, Wichita, and Young Counties. Moisture stress becoming critical in northern Rolling Plains. Greenbug activity decreased in area of Denton, Denton County, past 2 weeks. Damaged small grains in Trans-Pecos area. (Boring et al.). OKLAHOMA - Ranged 100-800 per linear foot in unsprayed wheat in 5 southwest counties, except in scattered fields where plants almost dead. Ranged 35-80 per linear foot in these fields. Many fields sprayed, especially in Cotton, Tillman, and Jackson Counties; spraying continues as weather permits. Mostly winged forms and small nymphs ranged 2-25 per linear foot in area. Large numbers flying on calm days and reinfested many fields sprayed earlier. Parasite activity noted in 16 of 22 fields. Parasitism ranged 5-10 percent in occasional fields, most averaged less than 2 percent. Predator activity increasing in area. Greenbug remains heavy in untreated wheat in Beckhan, Custer, and Washita Counties. Scattered fields show heavy parasitism. Greenbug ranged 50-130 per linear foot in 4 of 5 fields in Blaine County, averaged 8 per linear foot in other field. Light parasitism in one field. Greenbug ranged 50-300 per linear foot of wheat in Jefferson County. Counts generally light in Logan County. Average per linear foot as follows: 70 and 120 in 2 fields (ranged 4-20 in 6 fields) in Kingfisher County; 15 and 100 in 2 Grady County fields (parasitism light); 14 in western Payne County field; and light in Garfield County. (Okla. Coop. Sur.). SPOTTED ALFALFA APHID (Therioaphis maculata) - ARIZONA - Ranged 0-60 per 100 sweeps of alfalfa at Yuma, Yuma County. (Ariz. Coop. Sur.). NEW MEXICO —- Light to heavy on alfalfa in Eddy and Chaves Counties. Some fields required treatment. (Mathews). OKLAHOMA - Heavy on alfalfa in several southwest counties and moderate in Cotton County. Average per square foot: 100 in Comanche County field and 200 in Stephens County field. Ranged 15-75 per square foot in Grady County, up to 10,000 per square foot in Tillman County. (Okla. Coop. Sur.). CORN, SORGHUM, SUGARCANE CHINCH BUG (Blissus leucopterus leucopterus) - KANSAS - Annual survey completed week ending March 11. Overwintering populations in bunch grass light for second consecutive year. Heaviest counts per square foot by county: Dickinson of, Marion 53, Ottawa 98, Harvey 152, Elk 163, Crawford 140, and Labette 85. Most samples from little bluestem. (Bell). = ALEKS) = EUROPEAN CORN BORER (Ostrinia nubilalis) - COLORADO - Overwintering larvae light in Kiowa Valley, Weld County. (Johnson). DELAWARE - No pupation of overwintering borers as of March 11. (Burbutis). SMALL GRAINS BROWN WHEAT MITE (Petrobia latens) - NEW MEXICO - Light to heavy on alfalfa in Eddy and Chaves Counties. (Mathews). OKLAHOMA - Very heavy on wheat in Jackson, Kiowa, and Beckham Counties. Light in scattered fields in Cotton, Tillman, Greer, Blaine, Kingfisher, and Grady Counties. (Okla. Coop. Sur.). WINTER GRAIN MITE (Penthaleus major) - TEXAS - Damaged small grains in Foard and Knox Counties and several areas near Denton, Denton County. (Boring, Turney). OKLAHOMA - Light, 0-6 per linear foot, in most wheat checked in Payne, Logan, and Kingfisher Counties. (Okla. Coop. Sur.). SOUTHERN CORN ROOTWORM (Diabrotica undecimpunctata howardi) - TENNESSEE - Adults light in small grain in Haywood, Tipton, and Madison Counties. (Gordon). FORAGE LEGUMES ALFALFA WEEVIL (Hypera postica) - OKLAHOMA —- Percent alfalfa terminals infested by larvae: 10 in Chickasha area field and 30 in southern Grady County; 12 in Comanche County field. Larvae ranged up to 4 per terminal in Tillman County. These are all new county records. Terminal infestations ranged 10-50 percent in Stephens and Cotton Counties. Moderate and widespread in Pontotoc County. Adults appearing in Yuba area of Bryan County and eggs common in Durant area. (Okla. Coop. Sur.). MISSOURI - Percent alfalfa tip infestation by early instars (mostly first) by county: Cape Girardeau 22.5, Perry 27.5, Ste. Genevieve 40, and St. Charles 7. (Huggans). KENTUCKY - Eggs averaged 219 per square foot of alfalfa in 3 Fayette County fields. (Barnett). MARYLAND - Surveys negative in State. (U. Md., Ent. Dept.). TENNESSEE - Egg hatch noted in Tipton, Haywood, and Madison Counties, most early instars. Damage Should be apparent in some fields during last week of March. (Gordon). MISSISSIPPI - Larvae per 20 stems of alfalfa by county: Oktibbeha 35, Marshall 57, and Pontotoc 114. (Sartor). FLORIDA - Increased but counts still light; larvae 25 per 100 sweeps of alfalfa at Gainesville, Alachua County. (Mead). CLOVER LEAF WEEVIL (Hypera punctata) - NEW MEXICO - Averaged one larva per square yard of alfalfa in northern Eddy County. (Mathews). MARYLAND - First and second instars on alfalfa and clover in Eastern Shore counties. Damage to foliage less than 2 percent in 15 acres of alfalfa near Carville Station, Queen Annes County. (U. Md., Ent. Dept.). CLOVER STEM BORER (Languria mozardi) - FLORIDA - Adults 3 in 100 sweeps of alfalfa in Gainesville, Alachua County. (Mead). PEA APHID (Acyrthosiphon pisum) - ARIZONA - Ranged 300-8,000 per 100 sweeps of alfalfa at Parker and 1,000-2,500 per 100 sweeps at Yuma, Yuma County. (Ariz. Coop. Sur.). NEW MEXICO - Generally light on alfalfa in Eddy, Chaves, and Dona Ana Counties. (N.M. Coop. Rpt.). TARNISHED PLANT BUG (Lygus lineolaris) - FLORIDA - Nymphs 8 in 100 sweeps of alfalfa at Gainesville, Alachua County. (Mead). SUGAR BEETS SUGARBEET ROOT MAGGOT (Tetanops myopaeformis) - IDAHO - Adults collected from survey Stakes at Menan, Jefferson County, June 1, 1970 (Gooch, Sutherland), and at Parker, Fremont County, May 23, 1970 (Hillman, Sutherland). These are new county records. Determined by G. Steyskal. (Portman). = ies) o GENERAL VEGETABLES GREEN PEACH APHID (Myzus persicae) - ARIZONA - Troublesome on vegetables in Yuma Valley, Parker Valley, and Dome Valley areas of Yuma County. Controls needed. (Ariz. Coop. Sur.). DECIDUOUS FRUITS AND NUTS WOOLLY APPLE APHID (Eriosoma lanigerum) - ALABAMA - Damaged 80-95 percent of 5-year-old apple trees in commercial orchard in Chambers County. Numerous galls above ground and undesirable sprouts from damaged roots noted. Controls planned. (Stewart, Mar. 12). CITRUS Insect Situation in Florida —- Mid-March — CITRUS RUST MITE (Phyllocoptruta Oleivora) infested 75 (norm 61) percent of groves; economic in 54 (norm 40) percent. Expect upward trend to continue. Will keep populations on fruit and leaves above normal and in high range. Highest districts south, west, north, and central. CITRUS RED MITE (Panonychus citri) infested 48 (norm 39) percent of groves economic in 17 (norm 15) percent. Gradual increase expected from now through June. Population at normal moderate level in March. Scattered heavy infestations will be important especially in young groves. Highest districts south and north. TEXAS CITRUS MITE (Eutetranychus banksi) infested 34 (norm 31) percent of groves; economic in 12 (norm 14) percent. Population at normal low level for March, will start to increase before April and continue into June. Some heavy infestations may be expected in all districts. Highest districts east and south. SIXSPOTTED MITE (Eotetranychus sexmaculatus) infested 7 percent of groves; economic in 1 percent. Increase expected in April. GLOVER SCALE (Lepidosaphes gloverii) infested 87 (norm 80) percent of groves; economic in 10 (norm 16) percent. Population near normal. Expected to enter high range by April and gradually increase. Highest districts south, east, and west. PURPLE SCALE (L. beckii) infested 77 (norm 79) percent of groves; economic in 3 (norm 9) percent. Population will increase slightly but will remain below normal and at moderate level. Highest district north. CHAFF SCALE (Parlatoria pergandii) infested 57 (norm 61) percent of groves; economic in 2 (norm 10) percent. Although increase is predicted, will remain below normal and at moderate level. YELLOW SCALE (Aonidiella citrina) infested 37 (norm 63) percent of groves; none economic (norm 12) percent. Population lowest since 1963 and will remain low in all districts. An ARMORED SCALE (Unaspis citri) infested 30 percent of groves; economic in 18 percent. Population higher than any prior month and will increase after March. BLACK SCALE (Saissetia oleae) infested 17 (norm 30) percent of groves; economic in 4 (norm 13) percent. Population much below normal and at low level. Gradual increase expected in April. Highest district west. APHIDS appeared in 13 percent of groves Since February. Rapid increase expected until mid-April. Adult WHITEFLIES will appear on new foliage in large numbers. (W.A. Simanton (Citrus Expt. Sta., Lake Alfred)). CALIFORNIA RED SCALE (Aonidiella aurantii) - CALIFORNIA - Ranged 1-6 per leaf and 1-30 on fruit in Fresno, Fresno County, area. About half of female scales gravid. (Cal. Coop. Rpt.). CITRUS RED MITE (Panonychus citri) - ARIZONA - Averaged 12.5 per leaf in one lemon grove on Yuma MeSa, Yuma County. Controls underway. (Ariz. Coop. Sur.). SMALL FRUITS CURRANT BORER (Synanthedon tipuliformis) - OREGON - Heavy on red currant at Woodburn, Marion County. First borers detected in canes sold to berry grower. (Tinker). = IO = ORNAMENTALS AN ADELGID (Adelges tsugae) - OREGON - Ranged 20-30 per linear inch on branches of western hemlock (Tsuga heterophylla) at Salem, Marion County. (Larson). BAGWORM (Thyridopteryx ephemeraeformis) - KENTUCKY - Bags on Juniperus spp. averaged 42.5 per tree in Caldwell County, 8 in Green County, and 2.8 in Wayne and McCreary Counties. (Barnett). FOREST AND SHADE TREES A CONIFER SAWFLY (Neodiprion taedae linearis) - ARKANSAS - Egg hatch observed March 13 in Calhoun County. Peak hatch expected about March 20, unless cold weather retards development. Egg deposits light in Bradley and Calhoun Counties March 13. Defoliation in spring of 1971 expected to be light to moderate. (Warren). EASTERN TENT CATERPILLAR (Malacosoma americanum) — ALABAMA - First hatch observed March 1 in Lee County on black cherry trees. Total of 16 egg masses (heavy count) on this 25 foot-high tree. Few egg masses hatched. Birds and other predators had not affected eggs during winter months. (McQueen). MISSISSIPPI - Larvae light on black cherry in Oktibbeha, Wayne, and Greene Counties. (Sartor). TEXAS - Webbing appearing in eastern areas, also in Gonzales County on plum. (Coster, Cole). OKLAHOMA - Hatching on wild plum in southern Grady County; early instars only. (Okla. Coop. Sur.). ARKANSAS - Early instars on wild cherry in Calhoun County March 12. Harly instars and small webs noted in Washington County on March 16 on quince and wild cherry. Foliage of host plants not fully budded. (Warren). VIRGINIA - Early instars on wild cherry in Pittsylvania County on March 16. Only 1 of 3 egg masses observed hatched (Dominick); on flowering crab in Richmond County on March 17 (Freund). SPRING CANKERWORM (Paleacrita vernata) - KANSAS - Male moths flying to lights on March 12 in Riley and McPherson Counties, Female found on March 18 in trap containing logs of American elm for collecting elm bark beetles in Riley County. Possibility of outbreak exists for 1971. (Thompson). Two female moths collected crawling up trunks of American elms on March 15 in Shawnee County. (Iselin). FALL WEBWORM (Hyphantria cunea) - FLORIDA - First adults at Gainesville, Alachua County, March 1; additional adults collected regularly since in blacklight traps. (Bacheler, Habeck). Reports of larvae and webbing negative but expected soon. (Mead). MAN AND ANIMALS SCREWWORM (Cochliomyia hominivorax) - One case reported in U.S. March 14-20 as follows: TEXAS — Hidalgo. Total of 101 laboratory-confirmed cases reported in portion of Barrier Zone in Republic of Mexico as follows; Sonora 27, Chihuahua 12, Coahuila 1, Nuevo Leon 2, Tamaulipas 59. Total of 17 cases reported in Mexico south of Barrier Zone. Barrier Zone is area where eradication operation underway to prevent establishment of self-sustaining population in U.S. Sterile screwworm flies released: Texas 16,568,000; Mexico 122,696,000. (Anim. Health Div.). COMMON CATTLE GRUB (Hypoderma lineatum) - OKLAHOMA - Ranged O-5 per head on 50 head of cattle in Payne County. (Okla. Coop. Sur.). HORN FLY (Haematobia irritans) -—- TEXAS - Ranged 20-35 per head on 35 Herefords in Bell County on March 5. (Hoelscher). FLORIDA - Adults averaged 25 per head on dairy cows near Gainesville, Alachua County. (Head). STABLE FLY (Stomoxys calcitrans) - OKLAHOMA - Few flies noted on dairy cattle in Payne County. First report of Season. (Okla. Coop. Sur.). = ileal = MOSQUITOES - TEXAS - Trapped total of 345 specimens in 74 light traps during January. Average per trap as follows: Culex salinarius 2.56, C. pipiens quinquefasciatus (southern house mosquito) 0.36, Culiseta inornata 0.62, and Anopheles quadrimaculatus (common malaria mosquito) 0.21. (Harris County Mosq. Cont. Dist.). Adults less numerous during February than January. (Jefferson County Mosq. Cont. Dist.). WRINKLED SUCKING LICE (Haematopinus spp.) - COLORADO - H. suis (hog louse) heavy on hogs at 2 farms in Larimer County. Controls applied. (HantSbarger). OKLAHOMA - Mainly H. eurysternus (Shortnosed cattle louse) heavy on cattle in Bryan County. Continue moderate in Mayes and Payne Counties. (Okla. Coop. Sur.). HOUSEHOLDS AND STRUCTURES SUBTERRANEAN TERMITES (Reticulitermes spp.) - NEVADA - Numerous alates swarming in home at Las Vegas, Clark County. (Zoller). MARYLAND - First R. flavipes (eastern subterranean termite) swarms of season in Montgomery and Prince Georges Counties. (U. Md., Ent. Dept.). PACIFIC DAMPWOOD TERMITE (Zootermopsis angusticollis) - OREGON - Damage heavy to washroom floor at Springfield, Lane County, residence, Damaged plywood between subflooring and asphalt tile. Old damage apparent on upper surface of subflooring beneath leaking sink and washer indicating site of introduction. Larvae of Buprestis aurulenta (golden buprestid) in subflooring and plywood. Entire floor must be replaced. (Penrose, Humphrey). FIREBRAT (Thermobia domestica) - MINNESOTA - Continuing problem in apartment complex at Hopkins, Hennepin County. Control efforts unsatisfactory during past 2 months. (Minn. Pest Rpt., Mar. 12). STORED PRODUCTS A DERMESTID BEETLE (Trogoderma variable) - CALIFORNIA - Larvae infested flaxseed, barley, milo, safflowerseed. and wheat in mill at Imperial, Imperial County. T. simplex dominant species in many of same hosts at another nearby mill. (Cal. Coop. Rpt.). Stored Grain Pests in Kentucky - Average adult counts per pound of seed oats in Taylor County: Cryptolestes pusillus (flat grain beetle) 10.4, Oryzaephilus surinamensis (sawtoothed grain beetle) 1.7, and Sitophilus oryzae (rice weevil) 4.6. (Barnett). BENEFICIAL INSECTS A BRACONID (Lysiphlebus testaceipes) - OKLAHOMA —- Heavy (up to 98 percent parasitism) in greenbug infested wheat in northern Washita and southern Custer Counties. Parasitism light in 1 of 5 Blaine County fields. Adults and/or mummies light in 16 of 22 fields in Cotton, Tillman, Kiowa, Greer, and Jackson Counties. Light in scattered fields in Grady and Kingfisher Counties. (Okla. Coop. Sur.). AN ICHNEUMON WASP (Bathyplectes curculionis) - KENTUCKY - Adults 2 per 100 sweeps of alfalfa in Caldwel ounty field. (Barnett). CONVERGENT LADY BEETLE (Hippodamia convergens) - OKLAHOMA —- Larvae ranged up to 5 per linear foot in many greenbug infested wheatfields in southwest area. Adults and pupae also present in many fields. Adults and larvae light in scattered fields in central and west-central areas. (Okla. Coop. Sur.). KANSAS - Over- wintering adults per square foot of bunch grass by county averaged: Republic 46, Ottawa 58, Lincoln 5, Barton 8.5, Kingman 37, and Riley 125. Three samples per county, except 4 in Riley. (Bell). A HISTERID BEETLE (Hister nomas) - CALIFORNIA - Fifty adults, reared from founda- tion stock imported from Australia, released in Redding area, Shasta County, in cooperation with local agricultural officals. These are first of this species = OZ = reared and released in California for control of Musca autumnalis (face fly). Imported beetles were released in 1970. So far, no recoveries that would indicate establishment. (Cal. Coop. Rpt.). GREEN LACEWINGS (Chrysopa spp.) - OKLAHOMA — Adults in many wheatfields in central, southwest, and west-central areas; no larvae or eggs noted. (Okla. Coop. Suickep ire FEDERAL AND STATE PLANT PROTECTION PROGRAMS CITRUS BLACKFLY (Aleurocanthus woglumi) - MEXICO - Found 2 new infestations during period March 12-18 on adjacent properties at Reynosa, Tamaulipas. Infestations located about one-half mile from major citrus-growing area in lower Rio Grade Valley of Texas. Delimiting surveys underway; eradication treatments to start March 18. (PPD). HALL SCALE (Nilotaspis halli) - CALIFORNIA - Surveyed about 1,000 acres for wild almond seedlings in Stilson Canyon near Chico, Butte County. Three almond seedlings discovered and destroyed. Microscopic inspection of twigs from these plants proved negative for Hall scale. (Cal. Coop. Rpt.). IMPORTED FIRE ANT (Solenopsis saevissima richteri) - SOUTH CAROLINA - Specimens collected at Blackville, Barnwell County, along State Highway 78 by L.G. Way and D. Truluck on March 16, 1971. Determined by V.H. Owens, confirmed by D.R. Smith. This is a new county record. (PPD). OBSCURE SCALE (Melanaspis obscura) - CALIFORNIA - MicroScopic examination of 275 linear feet of twig Samples completed. All inspections negative. Twig samples collected from oaks growing in vicinity of 10 oak trees infested in 1971 in Capitol Park, Sacramento, Sacramento County. (Cal. Coop. Rpt.). DETECTION New Western Hemisphere Record — A NOCTUID MOTH (Pericyma cruegeri Butler) HAWAII - Kauai Islan p. 5 New County Records - ALFALFA WEEVIL (Hypera postica) OKLAHOMA - Grady, Commanche, Tillman (p. 198). IMPORTED FIRE ANT (Solenopsis Ssaevissima richteri) SOUTH CAROLINA - Barnwell (p. 192). SPOTTED ASPARAGUS BEETLE (Crioceris duodecimpunctata) WYOMING - Washakie, Hot Springs (p. 204). SUGARBEET ROOT MAGGOT (Tetanops myopaeformis) IDAHO - Jefferson, Fremont (p. 188). LIGHT TRAP COLLECTIONS FLORIDA - Gainesville, 3/12-18, BL - Beet armyworm (Spodoptera exigua) 1, granulate cutworm (Feltia subterranea) 5, saltmarsh Caterpillar (EStigmene acrea) 5. MISSISSIPPI — Stoneville, 3/12-18, 2BL, Temp. 40-70°F., precip. 1.29 - Armyworm (Pseudaletia unipuncta) 218, black cutworm (Agrotis ipsilon) 75, cabbage looper (TrichopluSia ni) 11, yellowstriped armyworm (S. ornithogalli) 123. TEXAS - Waco, 3/12-18, BL - Armyworm 69, beet armyworm 27, black cutworm 39, corn earworm (Heliothis zea) 3, granulate cutworm 169, saltmarsh caterpillar 23, yellowstriped armyworm 46. CORRECTIONS CEIR 21(12):163 SCREWWORM (Cochliomyia hominvorax) - One case reported in U.S. eee TEXAS - Hidalgo ... Should read ... Two cases reported in U.S. ... TEXAS - Hidalgo and Jim Hogg. (Anim. Health Div. = 193) = HAWAII INSECT REPORT New State Record - Adults of a NOCTUID MOTH (Pericyma cruegeri Butler) reared from 5 Larvae found feeding on poinciana leaves at Koloa, Kauai, on February 7, 1971, by D. Sugawa. Determined by E.L. Todd. This noctuid occurs in Borneo and Australia. (Kawamura). This is a new Western Hemisphere record. (PPD). General Vegetables - ONION THRIPS (Thrips tabaci) nymphs and adults light, as Many aS 11 (average 6) per plant, in 0.25 acre Of bulb onions at Pulehu, Maui. Mixed populations of GREENHOUSE WHITEFLY (Trialeurodes vaporariorum) and LEAFMINER FLIES (Liriomyza spp.) generally trace in most snap bean and tomato plantings at Pulehu, Maui. Larvae of IMPORTED CABBAGEWORM (Pieris rapae) moderate on foliage of horse-radish tree (Moringa oleifera) at Ewa, Oahu. This is a new host record for P. rapae in Hawaii. Adults trace (1 per 5 square yards) in 1.5 acres of mixed planting of head cabbage and cauliflower at Waiakoa, Maui; eggs averaged 3 per plant; larvae nil. (Davis, Miyahira). Fruits and Nuts - COCONUT SCALE (Aspidiotus destructor) light in small banana Planting at Pearl City, Oahu; moderate colonies on Some leaves. Remains light on coconut trees in Hawaii Kai area. Nymphs and adults of lady beetles (Telsimia nitida and Lindorus lophanthae) light at both locations. (Au, Kawamura). Ornamentals -— A LEAFHOPPER (Protalebrella brasiliensis) moderate on lettuce at Koko Head, Oahu; light “hopper burn" on leaves. Species previously reported only on Wedelia and Lippia in Hawaii; used extensively as ground cover. Nymphs and adults heavy on Lippia at Hawaii Kai; as many as 50 adults per square foot. (Haramoto, Kashiwai). Forest and Shade Trees - All stages of a CONIFER APHID (Cinara carolina) heavy in 8 acres of loblolly pine (Pinus taeda) at Olinda, Maui; about 3,000 trees affected. Fifty percent of terminal leaf clusters with as many as 50 aphids per linear inch of stem; branches and trunk with as many as 12 per linear foot. Averaged 12 per square foot on forest floor. (Ah Sam, Miyahira). CUBAN LAUREL THRIPS (Gynaikothrips ficorum) heavy on young terminal leaves of several Ficus retusa (Chinese banyan) trees at Koko Head, Oahu. Nymphs and adults of an ANTHOCORID BUG (Montandoniola moraguesi) light in infested fluted leaves. (Kashiwai, Rose). SUMMARY OF INSECT CONDITIONS IN THE UNITED STATES - 1970 (Continued from page 184) POTATOES, TOMATOES, PEPPERS Highlights; COLORADO POTATO BEETLE was damaging and required controls in several areas. The outbreak in Utah was the most Severe ever experienced in the State. TOBACCO FLEA BEETLE was more widespread and more damaging than usual on potatoes, tomatoes, and peppers in California. TOMATO FRUITWORM was the most important pest of tomatoes in Alabama and was the heaviest in five years in Illinois. CABBAGE LOOPER caused severe damage to Spring and fall tomatoes and SOYBEAN LOOPER damaged potatoes in Florida. EUROPEAN CORN BORER was again Serious on potatoes and peppers in Michigan. GREEN PEACH APHID was not the problem on potatoes in Colorado as in 1969, but did require controls on peppers in the Mesilla Valley of New Mexico in the spring. COLORADO POTATO BEETLE (Leptinotarsa decemlineata) eggs were hatching in MAINE as far north as Houlton, Aroostook County, by June 29. By July 13, spraying became general as far north as Mars Hill. By August 1, second-generation adults were feeding. Adults in unsprayed fields increased to 2 per plant in Aroostook County and 2 per 3 plants at East Corinth, Penobscot County. Adults were rare in sprayed fields. A few adults were found May 1 in Washington County, RHODE ISLAND. This pest was found throughout the season on potatoes but controls suppressed numbers. On September 2, large numbers of adults swarmed over a property adjoining a potato field. Colorado potato beetle and Tetranychus urticae (twospotted spider mite) were heavier on eggplant in southern NEW JERSEY than in 1969. Satisfactory control was achieved in most fields by mid-August. Over- wintering populations of Colorado potato beetle were extremely heavy in Middlesex and Monmouth Counties, but injury was practically nonexistent on potatoes due to widespread use of systemic insecticides in the furrow at planting time. Foliage feeding injury by second-generation larvae was more noticeable; however, controls were satisfactory. Special controls were needed for Colorado potato beetle in most potato fields in eastern PENNSYLVANIA. Populations were of concern to growers on seedling tomatoes in Columbia, Northumberland and Schuylkill Counties, but did not require special controls. Colorado potato beetle generally increased in most DELAWARE fields with controls necessary on potatoes and some tomatoes. Colorado potato beetle adults in MARYLAND were noted in Dorchester, Wicomico, Somerset, and Worcester Counties the first week of May. Several hundred acres of tomatoes in Wicomico and Worcester Counties required protective sprays during May. Eggs were present on potatoes and tomatoes by May 15 in Wicomico County. Colorado potato beetle larvae in unsprayed potatoes ranged 12-14 per 3 row feet in Queen Annes and Caroline Counties May 29. Scheduled weekly controls were needed on tomatoes, peppers, and potatoes. Colorado potato beetle was damaging only in localized untreated situations and was not a major problem in OHIO. Tomato growers in Sandusky and Seneca Counties reported serious damage to tomato plants in mid- June. Counts ranged 2-7 per leaf on preblossom to blossom plants. Colorado potato beetle was light to moderate throughout TENNESSEE during May and June. Damage was very light except where controls were not applied. Colorado potato beetle was kept under control in the 16,500 acres of commercial potatoes in ALABAMA. Colorado potato beetle adults were first reported on potatoes from May 28 to June 11 in southern IDAHO. At Aberdeen, Bingham County, counts ranged 2-16 per 10 row feet. Many eggs had been laid in Bannock County by June 24. Eggs and larvae were found on potatoes in Twin Falls County on June 25 and Fremont County on July 7. Control was warranted in scattered locations of Fremont, Madison, Jefferson, Bonneville, and Bingham Counties by July 12. At this time, Colorado potato beetle was still mating in Bingham County and pupating in Jefferson County. Perillus bioculatus (twospotted stink bug) was preying on larvae in Bingham County on July 28. The most severe outbreak of Colorado potato beetle in UTAH occurred during 1970. Most infestations were confined from Davis County northward. = It o = 195 = Colorado potato beetle aduits were laying eggs in late May and larvae appeared during late June in northeastern COLORADO. Controls were effective; however, some reinfestations appeared in early July. Damage was moderate to heavy, but overall damage in Colorado was light. This pest appeared on garden potatoes in Murray County, OKLAHOMA, during mid-May. Damage was heaviest in most areas in late May and early June. Colorado potato beetle adults and eggs were evident in early potato fields the last of June in Walsh and Pembina Counties, NORTH DAKOTA. Larvae ranged 3-8 per plant by the first of July. Controls were started and continued into mid-August. Colorado potato beetle appeared again in MINNESOTA on potatoes in Washington, Scott, and Polk Counties after an absence of several years. Damage, although localized in small garden plantings, was severe on young potato plants. TUBER FLEA BEETLE (Epitrix tuberis) adults averaged 5 per 10 sweeps in seed potato fields during late June at Sumas, Whatcom County, WASHINGTON. TOBACCO FLEA BEETLE (E. hirtipennis) was more widespread, more damaging, and persisted later than previously on potatoes, tomatoes, and peppers in CALIFORNIA. POTATO FLEA BEETLE (E. cucumeris) caused light damage to tomatoes and potatoes and was observed throughout TENNESSEE. Shotholes of potato flea beetle were noted in Walsh County, NORTH DAKOTA, the last of June. Damage increased by mid-August to 50-60 shotholes per leaf and required controls at this time. MARGINED BLISTER BEETLE (Epicauta pestifera) caused light to moderate damage to tomaté6es and was observed in Several middle and west TENNESSEE counties. A CARABID BEETLE (Nomius pygmaeus) damaged tomatoes locally at Hampton, Hampton County, SOUTH CAROLINA. SOUTHERN POTATO WIREWORM (Conoderus falli) adult collections in light traps during the summer and fall were the heaviest in 12 years in FLORIDA; however, larval populations were light on potatoes. Spring damage was light. PEPPER WEEVIL (Anthonomus eugenii) infested pepper plants in southern CALIFORNIA. DARKLING BEETLES (Blapstinus spp. and Metoponium spp.) damaged seedling tomatoes in the State. TOMATO FRUITWORM (Heliothis zea) damage to tomatoes was very light and below normal in UTAH, but this pest was heavy on tomatoes in CALIFORNIA. Populations in Yuma County, ARIZONA, required controls on a 4 to 7-day schedule from early June until harvest. Damage was heaviest in home gardens statewide. Larvae damaged tomatoes in truck and home gardens in Valencia and Bernalillo Counties, NEW MEXICO. Tomato fruitworm larvae damaged garden tomatoes in OKLAHOMA from late June to early October. Counts were heavy in Mayes County during early September and in Marshall County during early October. Tomato fruitworm was the most important pest of tomatoes throughout the season in ALABAMA commercial and home plantings. Infestations became more troublesome this season on the 8,500 commercial acres in the State as well as home gardens, The number of pesticide applications ranged from 15 to 30 in order to control this species. Larvae of this noctuid were common on tomato foliage in late spring and on foliage and fruit during fall in Manatee and Collier Counties, FLORIDA. Infestations were found throughout the season in SOUTH CAROLINA, Damage was more severe to late tomatoes. Tomato fruitworm populations were heavier in ILLINOIS than for any of the past 5-years. Second-generation moth flight and egg hatch were especially heavy in northern Illinois. Damage was evident on tomatoes. CABBAGE LOOPER (Trichoplusia ni) waS noneconomic on potatoes and tomatoes in Prowers, Otero, and Pueblo Counties, COLORADO, but late instars averaging 5-6 per plant were troublesome to potato growers in OHIO in early September. Some Plants showed 10 percent defoliation. Infestations were present on tomatoes in Providence County, RHODE ISLAND, by September 23. Cabbage looper has shown an increased tendency to damage tomatoes in SOUTH CAROLINA in recent years. Larvae were unusually heavy on collards during August. Populations decreased as tempera-— tures declined in late October. Cabbage looper was abundant and caused severe damage to the spring and fall crops of tomatoes at Immokalee, Collier County, and at Bradenton, Manatee County, FLORIDA; populations built up earlier at Immokalee. A disease caused high mortality of larvae in late spring. = 11916) — BEET ARMYWORM (Spodoptera exigua) was heavy in FLORIDA during the spring and summer at Bradenton, Manatee County. Larvae caused foliage and fruit damage to tomato. Damage was heavy and populations were difficult to control on potato during the spring at Hastings, St. Johns County. Beet armyworm infested tomato fruit in test plots at Homestead, Dade County, about midspring. Populations were severe on one-third acre planting of bell pepper at Immokalee, Collier County, in early May, and by mid-May heavily damaged most plants in 60 acres of bell pepper. Damage was light in 20 acres of bell pepper in late May at Sanford, Seminole County, which had been recently treated. Beet armyworm caused consider-— able alarm to growers of bell pepper in the Ft. Myers area of Lee County when one 40-acre field was treated and showed little reduction of population. STALK BORER (Papaipema nebris) in OKLAHOMA was heavy and damaged garden tomatoes in Oklahoma County during late May and in Mayes County during early July. SOYBEAN LOOPER (Pseudoplusia includens) was the second most common noctuid on tomato at Bradenton, Manatee County, FLORIDA. Populations were heavy and damaging on potatoes at Hastings, Santa Rosa County, during spring. Controls were difficult. TOMATO PINWORM (Keiferia lycopersicella) populations in CALIFORNIA were reduced from previous years and very few were found north of the Tehachapi Mountains. Tomato pinworm was light to heavy throughout TEXAS. Infestations on tomatoes occurred in scattered counties in the Rio Grande Valley area and in Brazos, Erath, Hockley, and Lubbock Counties. EUROPEAN CORN BORER (Ostrinia nubilalis) moth flights were heavy in NORTH CAROLINA and indicated possible trouble in the Sweet pepper growing areas, but severe populations did not occur. Excellent controls on potatoes adequately suppressed infestations throughout most of the potato area. Infestations were more severe than usual with a yield loss of up to 25 percent in some fields in Pamlico and Carteret Counties. Spray schedules in MARYLAND prevented second-generation European corn borer larvae from reaching economic levels on peppers in Dorchester, Wicomico, and Worcester Counties. In PENNSYLVANIA, first-generation larvae heavily infested about 100 acres of potatoes in Lehigh and Northampton Counties and another 40 acres in Centre County. Actual loss in yield from European corn borer in these fields did not appear to be as great as damage to vines indicated. Second-generation borers were more destructive than usual to peppers in Pennsylvania. European corn borer infestations in early potatoes and untreated sweet peppers in DELAWARE were very heavy, reaching 100 percent from late August to late September. This pest continued to cause serious damage and losses in potatoes and peppers in MICHIGAN. Both broods are important in potatoes whereas only the second brood is of concern in peppers. Controls were effective. Second- generation larvae were heavy on peppers in southern ILLINOIS. POTATO TUBERWORM (Phthorimaea operculella) was not abundant in MICHIGAN warehouses during the winter. The first field infestation occurred in Monroe County July 20. This was limited to a small corner of a 2-acre plot. Control measures were instituted the same day and the area was subjected to a weekly survey. This lightly infested field was free of infestation for 4 consecutive weeks. First and third instars were found in 2 Monroe County fields August 21. Controls were applied immediately. Light infestations persisted, especially in the areas of weed growth protection. These limited potato tuberworm populations were kept at a minimum for the remainder of the growing season. Larvae were found infesting 100 acres of eggplant in Charleston County, SOUTH CAROLINA, on September 9. Potato tuberworm was not found during surveys in Baldwin, Mobile, and Escambia Counties, ALABAMA, due to well planned survey and control efforts for the previous 2 years. In UTAH, potato tuberworm was found only in an occasional potato in the area of Washington County, and at Enterprise and Beryl in Iron County. Potato tuberworm larvae were heavy in potatoes in the San Joaquin Valley of CALIFORNIA. GREEN PEACH APHID (Myzus persicae) remained light on potatoes in central WASHINGTON through midseason; populations built up very heavily late in the season. Cold weather in late August and early September made control difficult. In early July, nymphs and alates were observed in 13 of 24 seed fields at Lynden, = Oa Custer, and Bellingham, Whatcom County. Green peach aphid was well below normal on all crops in IDAHO. Counts on potatoes in Canyon County averaged 2 per 100 leaves in early July, increased to 14 per 100 leaves by late July, and then declined for the rest of the season. This aphid was first found on potatoes in the eastern area in early August. Counts increased gradually to a maximum of 2 per 100 leaves at the end of the season in eastern Idaho. This pest was reported in heavy numbers from potato fields in the Hermiston area, Umatilla County, OREGON, during late August. In CALIFORNIA, green peach aphid, FOXGLOVE APHID (Acyrthosiphon solani), and another aphid caused damage to potatoes in several locations throughout the State. Green peach aphid was the most common species to infest potatoes throughout UTAH. Green peach aphid was not the problem this year in COLORADO as populations occurred later than in 1969. This aphid began to appear near the last of June, but did not have time to increase before potato harvest. Green peach aphid was only found in Otero County this year. In NEW MEXICO, the spring buildup on chilli peppers and bell peppers required treatment in the Mesilla Valley. Unusually heavy numbers were a problem on bedding plants such as chilli peppers, bell peppers, and tomatoes in greenhouses in Bernalillo, Valencia, San Juan, and McKinley Counties. Green peach aphid populations in MICHIGAN were heavy and difficult to control. Ideal weather in August and/or a failure of insecticides may have been the cause. This pest was troublesome and damaging to eggplant in many Cumberland and Gloucester County, NEW JERSEY, plantings by late July. Thousands of winged forms were observed hovering above plants in one field near Vineland on July 29. By mid-August, adequate rainfall helped reduce populations to more manageable levels. Populations became heavy by late July in New Jersey. Buildup was partly due to lower than average early summer rainfall. In DELAWARE this aphid was heavy on several crops, especially potatoes and sweet peppers. In PENNSYLVANIA, green peach aphid developed very dense populations in most potato fields and on most other vegetables. Most control measures were ineffective. Cost of control on potatoes was about $300,000. Green peach aphid began to build up on peppers by July 10 in MARYLAND. Counts ranged 2-6 per 50 plants in Dorchester, Somerset, and Wicomico Counties. Populations were moderate to heavy and required controls on potato acreage in Worcester County late in August. Preplant applications of insecticides were satisfactory for protection on potatoes. Moving from Canada plum to potatoes on June 22 in Aroostook County, MAINE, this aphid infested 6 percent of the potatoes. By August 24, increases were noted and a fungus attacked only a small percentage of the aphids as top foliage killing time approached. At East Corinth, Penobscot County, and Turner, Oxford County, it had increased to 15 per leaf (3-leaf count method) on table stock and from 3 to 6 per leaf on seed stock by August 24. The latter counts became of much concern but no diseases became involved before top killing of the seed stock, Heavy populations of green peach aphid developed from early spring migrants on peppers at Bradenton, Manatee County, FLORIDA. Controls were difficuit. Damage was light on potatoes during spring at Hastings, St. Johns County. Populations were moderate on 12 percent of 1,000 eggplants at a farm near Tampa, Hillsborough County, in early April, POTATO APHID (Macrosiphum euphorbiae) spring migrants moved from wild roses to potatoes June 22 in Aroostook County, MAINE. Infestations increased to 50 percent of the plants infested. By July 20 each colony contained 1-22 nymphs, was 5.5 percent parasitized, and 2.3 percent killed by fungus. Potato aphid accounted for most of the infestation by the aphid complex on potatoes. By August 27 each colony contained up to 37 nymphs, was 5.9 percent parasitized, and 8.5 percent killed by fungus. On August 24, fall migrants appeared in yellow traps. Numbers on potatoes decreased due to migration, increased fungal attacks, and predators. Damage was absent on treated potatoes and light on untreated potatoes with no loss in yield. FOXGLOVE APHID (Acyrthosiphon solani) in Aroostook County, MAINE, was first observed on hawkweed June 22. Three infeStations of 1-13 nymphs per colony were reported on 2,100 plants by July 20. No aphids were found on potatoes after August 10. GREENHOUSE WHITEFLY (Trialeurodes vaporariorum) was above average on tomatoes and other crops at Clemson, Oconee County, SOUTH CAROLINA, and other Piedmont communities. Se Nes TARNISHED PLANT BUG (Lygus lineolaris) caused noticeable damage on potatoes the last week of June at Lincoln, Penobscot County, MAINE. Population pressure at hay cutting caused migrations to and from potatoes as grass regrew. Because of growth and grass maturity, populations increased on potatoes up to top killing, at which time counts were 2-5 per sweep on certified seed potatoes and 10-12 per sweep in 50 percent of the fields of table stock potatoes at East Corinth, Penobscot County. SAY STINK BUG (Chlorochroa sayi) damaged a commercial planting of chilli peppers at Safford, Graham County, ARIZONA,in early September. BROWN STINK BUG (Euschistus servus) was locally damaging to tomatoes in Pickens County, SOUTH CAROLINA. VEGETABLE LEAFMINER (Liriomyza munda) was light in tomato foliage during spring in FLORIDA. Populations were heavy and damage severe on fall tomatoes. Vegetable leafminer was occasionally found on bell pepper. Counts were light on potatoes at Hastings, St. Johns County. PEPPER MAGGOT (Zonosemata electa) adults collected on sticky-board traps in southern NEW JERSEY were fewer than for the same period in 1969. Most of the pepper acreage in Atlantic, Cumberland, and Gloucester Counties was sprayed according to schedule during July. VINEGAR FLIES (Drosophila spp.) were moderate and below normal in tomato fields during fall in UTAH. TWOSPOTTED SPIDER MITE (Tetranychus urticae) has become more numerous in home gardens in SOUTH CAROLINA. Some damage occurred to tomatoes. Tetranychus spp. damaged tomatoes in most areas of OKLAHOMA from June through August. TOMATO RUSSET MITE (Aculops lycopersici) was heavy on tomatoes in several widespread Pins Che CNSR Te BEANS AND PEAS Highlights: MEXICAN BEAN BEETLE was more abundant and caused more damage to late beans in southern New Jersey than for five years. This pest was serious on beans in Alabama and was damaging in parts of Nebraska and New Mexico. COWPEA CURCULIO remained a major pest of peas in Alabama. EUROPEAN CORN BORER continued serious on beans in Michigan and second-generation larvae were more damaging than usual to beans in central Pennsylvania. WESTERN BEAN CUTWORM was serious on beans for the third year in south-central Idaho. PEA APHID was heavy on peas during June in Wisconsin and economic during mid-August in northeast North Dakota. COWPEA APHID was heavy and widespread on commercial and garden plantings in Alabama. BEAN THRIPS damaged commercial beans in the upper Coastal Plain section of South Carolina. MEXICAN BEAN BEETLE (Epilachna varivestis) was a Serious and damaging pest of lima beans and pole beans in ALABAMA, but not quite so serious on field peas. Popula- tions were as heavy as in 1967, 1968, and 1969. Mexican bean beetle was found for the first time in Jackson County, IOWA, during 1970, This pest had been reported from Clinton, Scott, Muscatine, Louisa, Des Moines, Lee, Van Buren, Davis, and Appanoose Counties in previous years. Mexican bean beetle damaged field beans in Scotts Bluff and Box Butte Counties, NEBRASKA. Adults averaged 3 per plant on August 7. Infestations remained about the same in WYOMING as they were in 1969. Larvae began appearing July 27 in Goshen County. A few fields were treated in Goshen and Platte Counties. Mexican bean beetle larvae ranged 0-9 per bean plant in Crowley, Otero, and Pueblo counties, COLORADO, in late July. Damage was noted and controls were applied to many fields. Adults appeared in Larimer, Weld, Boulder, and Morgan Counties in early June. Eggs appeared in late June and larvae in mid-July. Damage varied, being heaviest in fields where controls were applied late. Heavy populations were noted in Morgan County at harvest. Loss in Colorado was light to moderate. Damage by Mexican bean beetle was above normal in gardens and moderate in canning and commercial market crops in UTAH. Populations were very destructive on bush and pole beans in Bernalillo, Valencia, and Rio Arriba Counties, NEW MEXICO. This bean pest was — 1997 — more abundant and caused more injury in late bean plantings in south NEW JERSEY than at any Similar period during the past 5 years. Recommended insecticides provided adequate control. Mexican bean beetle populations on commercial beans were kept below economic levels in MARYLAND by timely controls. Infestations in garden plantings ranged moderate to heavy statewide where controls were not applied. Light to moderate populations of Mexican bean beetle infested beans in TENNESSEE. Damage was light in most cases. Moderate to heavy damage was also observed in a few isolated areas in the eastern and western sections. Controls, when applied, were effective. Mexican bean beetle damage was light on beans in SOUTH CAROLINA. WESTERN SPOTTED CUCUMBER BEETLE (Diabrotica undecimpunctata undecimpunctata) adults were more abundant than usual in western OREGON. Controls were needed in midsummer on bush beans in the Willamette Valley and pole beans in the Roseburg area, Douglas County. SPOTTED CUCUMBER BEETLE (D. undecimpunctata howardi) adults caused moderate to heavy damage to bean pods in many home gardens in middle TENNESSEE during July. BEAN LEAF BEETLE (Cerotoma trifurcata) feeding ’ damage was noted on bean pods in scattered fields in Dodge and Burt Counties, NEBRASKA, during September. Losses were estimated at about 1 percent in the fields examined. Bean leaf beetle was a pest mainly of peas and beans in the 2 to 6-leaf stage, but was found throughout the year in ALABAMA. PEA LEAF WEEVIL (Sitona lineatus) was heavy in young peas in northern Whitman and southern Spokane Counties, WASHINGTON. Damage was spotty but widespread. This was the *first record of pea leaf weevil in this portion of eastern Washington. This pest was found in Latah County, IDAHO, May 14. Adults completely notched the leaf margins of many 4 to 8-inch plants. Infestation was localized. Several thousand adults were readily collected at harvest. COWPEA CURCULIO (Chalcodermus aeneus) remains one of the major pests of the 6,000 acres of commercial peas in ALABAMA. This weevil was general on cowpeas and localized on snap beans in SOUTH CAROLINA. PEA WEEVIL (Bruchus pisorum) was light again this year in IDAHO. Very few field margins at Palouse, Latah County, needed treatment. Pea weevil was moderate during spring and some control on commercial and garden beans was necessary in UTAH. SUGARBEET WIREWORM (Limonius californicus) caused a 60-percent stand reduction of beans near Murtaugh, Twin Falls County, IDAHO. EUROPEAN CORN BORER (Ostrinia nubilalis) second-generation larvae were more destructive than usual to beanS in PENNSYLVANIA. Growers made 2 spray applications to snap beans in the central areas in early August to prevent larval infestations. Numerous lots of untreated beans were rejected by processors because of high larval counts. European corn borer continued to cause serious damage and losses to snap beans in MICHIGAN. Both broods are important in this crop. Controls were effective. This pest damaged stems of field peas in Abbeville County, SOUTH CAROLINA. LESSER CORNSTALK BORER (Elasmopalpus lignosellus) was heavy on beans in eastern Palm Beach County, FLORIDA, during fall. Losses on some farms ranged 10-25 percent. Infestations were lighter and more scattered in the Everglades area. Larvae in SOUTH CAROLINA damaged beans late in the season. Lesser cornstalk borer larvae in OKLAHOMA damaged garden beans and peas locally in Jefferson County during mid-September. LIMABEAN VINE BORER (Monoptilota pergratialis) damaged beans locally in SOUTH CAROLINA, especially at Charleston, Charleston County. WESTERN BEAN CUTWORM (Loxagrotis albicosta) moths emerged June 30 in Minidoka County, IDAHO, and July 5 in Twin Falls County. Moth emergence was heavy by July 22 and peaked at 146 per trap per night in 7 blacklight traps on DULY; Zor. Numbers decreased due to cool weather, but peaked again on July 30 at 148 per trap. Collections decreased rapidly after August 13. Overall numbers were lower in 1970 than in 1969 but were 7-10 days later. Consequently there were more young larvae at harvest to damage beans after windrowing. Western bean cutworm causes the most damage in Minidoka and Twin Falls Counties and has been serious the past 3 years. GREEN CLOVERWORM (Plathypena scabra) damaged scattered beanfields - 200 - in Bay, Clinton, and Tuscola Counties, MICHIGAN. Larval populations in WISCONSIN ranged 2-6 per linear foot on lima beans and snap beans in Pepin, St. Croix, and Trempealeau Counties the third week of August and 2 per linear foot in the central sands area. Canning companies estimated control costs at $75,000. WESTERN YELLOWSTRIPED ARMYWORM (Spodoptera praefica) was nearly absent this year in the green pea area in Latah County, IDAHO, where infestations were noted during 1969. It was noneconomic elsewhere in peas checked during June. CABBAGE LOOPER (Trichoplusia ni) damage was moderate on 70 acres of commercial snap beans in Tulsa County, OKLAHOMA, in early October. Controls were ineffective. Populations of GRANULATE CUTWORM (Feltia subterranea) and BLACK CUTWORM (Agrotis ipsilon) caused injury to beans and field peas in the Everglades area of FLORIDA. Larvae ranged 6-22 under a single plant in one planting of field peas. CORN EARWORM (Heliothis zea) populations were the heaviest in 5 years in ILLINOIS, and damaged beans in the northern section. DIAMONDBACK MOTH (Plutella xylostella) larvae were more severe on Snap beans in late summer in NORTH CAROLINA than in recent years. PEA APHID (Acyrthosiphon pisum) was first detected in peas on May 26, and by early June had increased to 20 per Sweep in some fields in WISCONSIN. The following week, counts were 250 per sweep in podded peas and 5 per linear foot in emerging peas. Canning companies were in the process of treating. Pea aphid continued to be heavy throughout the rest of June. By July, counts began to decline and checks of late peas remaining in late July revealed counts below economic thresholds in most cases. Pea aphid was found in economic counts of 100 per growing tip on peas in mid-August in Pembina County, NORTH DAKOTA. Controls were applied to 500 acres of peas. Damage to canning or garden peas in UTAH was rare. Pea aphid counts on peas in IDAHO were well below normal at Genesee, Kendrick, and Troy in Latah County. : COWPEA APHID (Aphis craccivora) was widespread in ALABAMA. Populations were heavy in home gardens and Commercial plantings. This pest is suspected to be the vector of a widely distributed cowpea mosaic throughout the State. GREENHOUSE WHITEFLY (Trialeurodes vaporariorum) was reported above average on beans at Clemson, Oconee County, and other Piedmont communities in SOUTH CAROLINA. Infestations were heavy in August and required controls in 40 acres of commercial beans in Frederick County, MARYLAND. BEAN THRIPS (Caliothrips fasciatus) damage was moderate to pinto bean foliage in San Juan County, UTAH. This thrips caused local damage to beans in CALIFORNIA. Bean thrips was very damaging to commercial beans in the upper Coastal Plain section of SOUTH CAROLINA. WESTERN FLOWER THRIPS (Frankliniella occidentalis) caused severe blossom drop on garden beans in CALIFORNIA. Sericothrips variabilis waS numerous on snap beans in Sussex County, DELAWARE;in mid-June. SIXSPOTTED MITE (Eotetranychus sexmaculatus) was Severe on peas in San Diego County, CALIFORNIA. TWOSPOTTED SPIDER MITE (Tetranychus urticae) has tended to become more numerous in home gardens in SOUTH CAROLINA. Primary damage has been to beans. COLE CROPS Highlights: CABBAGE LOOPER was a problem on cole crops throughout the year in California. This pest damaged commercial cabbage in Wisconsin late in August, commercial greens in Tennessee, and was heavy as usual on cole crops in Florida. IMPORTED CABBAGEWORM required regular treatments in New Mexico, and was one of the most destructive pests of cabbage in Alabama. - 201 - CABBAGE LOOPER (Trichoplusia ni) heavily infested cabbage and other plants in many gardens in Custer, Garfield, Pondera, and Sweet Grass Counties, MONTANA. Larvae in OREGON averaged one per center head in an experimental planting of broccoli near Corvallis, Linn County, during late August. In CALIFORNIA it was a problem throughout the year on cole crops. Numbers in UTAH were light this season. Cabbage looper, along with IMPORTED CABBAGEWORM (Pieris rapae), in NEW MEXICO damaged cabbage in truck and home gardens in Bernalillo, Sandoval, and Valencia Counties. Plants had to be treated regularly. Cabbage looper damage in OKLAHOMA to commercial cabbage was light in Tulsa County during mid-May and moderate during early September, and heavy on collard, mustard, and turnip greens during late September. Damage was heavy to several fall-planted vegetables, especially turnips, in gardens in the eastern half of Oklahoma during October. Cabbage looper and P. rapae were heavy in a field of commercial cabbage during mid-July in Shawnee County, KANSAS. Heavy populations of cabbage looper in ILLINOIS infested other cole crops. Many adults appeared in WISCONSIN blacklight traps during mid-July. Larval numbers increased rapidly. By early August, damage was significant in commercial cabbage and in gardens throughout the eastern half of Wisconsin. By late August another generation waS apparent and ranged up to 5 per leaf. Growers sprayed repeatedly, but despite their best efforts, loss still occurred. Controls cost about $50,000. Numbers of cabbage looper along with P. rapae in MICHIGAN were moderate. Control with chemicals or Bacillus thuringienSis waS satisfactory. Damage was extensive, however, when rainy periods waShed the materials off the plants and kept fields too wet for re-treating. In northeastern OHIO, cabbage looper built up during August. All larval instars and some pupae were found on cabbage by August 20. Throughout NEW JERSEY, cabbage looper, P. rapae,and DIAMONDBACK MOTH (Plutella xylostella) larvae were abundant on cabbage and broccoli. First blacklight trap collections occurred June 12 in Cumberland County and peaked with 82 per night in Salem County on August 26 and 27. A polyhedrosis virus infected loopers on broccoli in Cumberland County during mid-August. By mid-September, field infesta- tions were practically nonexistent. Cabbage looper built up in MARYLAND during late August but did not become economic due to timely controls on cabbage, broccoli, and kale. In TENNESSEE most controls were not effective, and damage occurred to commercial greens statewide. Cabbage looper, along with SOYBEAN LOOPER (Pseudoplusia includens), damaged cabbage, collards, and other cole crops throughout ALABAMA. Cabbage looper was the more important species. Cabbage looper was heavy as usual in FLORIDA during April to June. Damage to cabbage was heavy in the Everglades area; control was difficult. Heavy larval numbers caused moderate to heavy damage to crucifers, mostly cabbage during spring; larvae caused moderate damage during fall. Control was satisfactory with recommended materials, properly applied at the correct times. Larvae heavily damaged collards during March in experimental plots at Bradenton, Manatee County, although the plants were regularly treated. In central Florida during mid-May, up to 108 eggs and 10 larvae per small plant infested untreated collards. By late May many larvae were dead from a virus. A NOCTUID MOTH (Lacinipolia vicina) in MINNESOTA severely damaged cabbage and radish fields in Sibley County. Some stands were completely destroyed. SOYBEAN LOOPER (Pseudoplusia includens) in ARKANSAS was a serious pest of greens crops during fall due to resistance to available insecticides. BEET ARMYWORM (Spodoptera exigua) in FLORIDA seriously damaged cabbage in the Everglades area because this Species is difficult to control. Damage was moderate to cabbage and other crucifers during fall at Hastings, Saint Johns County. IMPORTED CABBAGEWORM (Pieris rapae) caused early damage in many CALIFORNIA locations on most cole crops. Injury in UTAH was conspicuous in garden cabbage but light to moderate in commercial plantings. Imported cabbageworm in ALABAMA was one of the most destructive on commercial and home plantings of cabbage, collards, and other cole crops statewide. In SOUTH CAROLINA, however, it was the number two insect on collards. Damage by imported cabbageworm was heavy in unsprayed noncommercial cabbage in MARYLAND. Cabbage cannot be grown untreated in = 202 - the State. A serious pest of cole crops in NEW YORK, larvae were a problem throughout the season because parasites were not present as in other years. Larvae ranged 40-50 per plant in unsprayed fields. Although numbers in southern and central MAINE were heavy during the last week of July, damage was light due to effective use of insecticide. DIAMONDBACK MOTH (Plutella xylostella) was light on cabbage and other cole crops in UTAH. Counts during Spring had been fewer than usual on wild mustards. Numbers were damaging in isolated areas throughout ALABAMA on all cole crops, but mainly on turnips, mustard, cabbage, and collards. It was extremely rare on collards in SOUTH CAROLINA. In NORTH CAROLINA all stages of diamondback moth heavily infested collards and turnip greens throughout the Coastal Plain as late as November 10. Larvae severely infested untreated collards and mustard greens in Manatee County, FLORIDA, during late March and early April. Populations were low on crucifers in Saint Johns County. Found throughout the growing season at Belle Glade, Palm Beach County, larvae became severe on garden crucifers or inadequately treated crops, particularly late in the season. SOUTHERN CABBAGEWORM (Pieris protodice), a rare Species of economic importance in ARKANSAS, caused concern by infesting garden patches of greens in Benton County in October. CROSS-STRIPED CABBAGEWORM (Evergestis rimosalis) was numerous in SOUTH CAROLINA on garden cabbage during May in Anderson, Oconee, and Pickens Counties. CABBAGE WEBWORM (Hellula rogatalis) severely damaged mustard, turnips, and cabbage in southeastern NORTH CAROLINA from mid-September until frost in late November in the Piedmont and Coastal Plain. CABBAGE MAGGOT (Hylemya brassicae) was found in basal portions of cabbage heads harvested in the Willamette Valley, OREGON. This occurrence is uncommon and usually attributed to selection of basal leaves for egg laying during rainy weather. In MONTANA it damaged cabbage and radish plants in Chinook, Great Falls, Big Timber, and Libby. Activity on cole crops in ILLINOIS was less than average in 1970. Adults were noted in Racine County, WISCONSIN, the week of May 10. Some isolated instances of moderate to heavy infestations occurred, but generally populations were lower than normal. Cabbage maggot was heavy in western NEW YORK, but damage was scattered due to abundant rain which brought most of the infested plants through to harvest. Adults were active in 4 distinct peaks, the first and most damaging occurred on May 10. CABBAGE APHID (Brevicoryne brassicae) was very abundant on cole crops most of the year in CALIFORNIA. This aphid waS numerous to damaging on garden cabbage in UTAH. Colonies began to increase on cole crops in Wood County, WISCONSIN, by late August but diminished rapidly. Aphids were scarce elsewhere. In ALABAMA it was a serious pest to cabbage and collards statewide throughout the year. In FLORIDA heavy counts during spring moderately damaged untreated or improperly treated cabbage at Hastings, Saint Johns County. Control was satisfactory when correct methods and materials were used. TURNIP APHID (Hyadaphis pseudobrassicae) in OKLAHOMA ranged moderate to heavy on garden turnips in Marshall County during early October. Throughout ALABAMA damaging numbers were found on turnips and mustard during summer and winter. In FLORIDA, GREEN PEACH APHID (Myzus persicae) and H. pseudobrassicae were very abundant on Chinese cabbage during fall. Counts on the undersurface of the leaves were 150+ per square inch in the Everglades area. Green peach aphid was the more abundant, but as parasitism developed, turnip aphid became the more abundant by late November. FALSE CHINCH BUG (Nysius ericae) severely damaged a seed planting of cabbage in Marion County, OREGON, during September. Buildup apparently occurred in cabbage litter of adjacent fields. HARLEQUIN BUG (Murgantia histrionica) was extremely rare on collards in SOUTH CAROLINA, in marked contrast to 25 years ago when it was found in every garden. = 203 = MOLE CRICKETS (Scapteriscus spp.) heavily damaged crucifers in Seedbeds during fall in Saint Johns County, FLORIDA. Damage was moderate when seedlings were transplanted to the field. Damage in the field is unusual. Control was difficult in seedbeds and in the field. CUCURBITS Highlights: STRIPED CUCUMBER BEETLE damaged young cucumber plants in North Carolina and was a problem on cantaloup in Colorado. MELON APHID was prevalent in California, and necessitated controls to prevent buildup on cantaloup in Arizona. BEET ARMYWORM damaged melons in Florida and melons and cucumbers in California. SQUASH BUG ranged moderate to Hea on various cucurbits, especially squash, from mid-June to early September in Oklahoma. STRIPED CUCUMBER BEETLE (Acalymma vittata) severely infested young cucumber plants during late May and early June in NORTH CAROLINA. Damage was about normal on mature plants. A. vittata was light to moderate in OKLAHOMA and infested various cucurbits in Scattered areas during July, August, and September. Striped cucumber beetle was a problem on cantaloup in COLORADO early in the season. Counts ranged 0-5 per plant and populations declined after the first week in July. SPOTTED CUCUMBER BEETLE (Diabrotica undecimpunctata howardi) was noticeable from the middle of July through Summer in OHIO. it waS primarily a pest of backyard gourds and melons. Counts of 15 per blossom were found on commercial pumpkin plantings in early September. Most infested areas were adjacent to cornfields. WESTERN SPOTTED CUCUMBER BEETLE (Diabrotica undecimpunctata undecimpunctata) damaged cucumbers in several locations in CALIFORNIA. A LEAF BEETLE (Paranapiacaba tricincta) was found again this year feeding on the ovaries of melons in Otero and Pueblo Counties, COLORADO. Another LEAF BEETLE (D. undecimpunctata tenella) caused moderate damage to squash, cantaloup, and other melon blossoms in the "Dixie" area of Washington County, UTAH. MELON APHID (Aphis gossypii) was probably the most prevalent species on melons, cucumbers, and Squash in CALIFORNIA. In central UTAH, melon aphid was numerous on cantaloup, and sometimes on Squash. Controls were necessary in ARIZONA from early to mid-May to prevent buildup in cantaloup fields in Yuma County. Heavy populations in OKLAHOMA infested watermelons in Lincoln County and were also heavy on cucumbers and cantaloups in Payne County during August. Melon aphid populations on watermelons near Bethlehem, Caroline County, MARYLAND, were the only infestations reported. EUROPEAN CORN BORER (Ostrinia nubilalis) was reported for the first time in cantaloup in MICHIGAN. MELONWORM (Diaphania hyalinata) was the most serious of this group of pests on cucumbers, cantaloups, and pumpkins in ALABAMA. CABBAGE LOOPER (Trichoplusia ni) was discovered in a Monroe County field where extensive leaf feeding and 3 pupae were found underneath cantaloup leaves. This is a new host for T. ni in MICHIGAN. BEET ARMYWORM (Spodoptera exigua) was damaging to melon and cucumber plantings in CALIFORNIA. Beet armyworm caused damage to melons in the Ft. Myers, Lee County, area of FLORIDA. It was a problem as a "rindworm"™ on watermelons in Collier County. SQUASH VINE BORER (Melittia cucurbitae) was a pest on cucumber and cantaloup in central and southern ALABAMA. SQUASH BUG (Anasa tristis) was spottedly numerous and damage to cucurbits was about normal in UTAH. This pest was Sometimes very numerous in Utah County. Squash bug adults appeared in watermelon fields in Jefferson County, OKLAHOMA, the second week of June. Hatching began the third week of June. Moderate to heavy counts infested various cucurbits, especially squash, from mid-June to early September in most areas. Squash bug was light in OHIO. Populations were absent in many cucurbit plots and when found, counts were rarely above 2 nymphs per foot of vine. - 204 - SEEDCORN MAGGOT (Hylemya platura) caused some loss of melon seed planted during cool, stormy intervals during Spring in UTAH. TWOSPOTTED SPIDER MITE (Tetranychus urticae) infested many acres of cantaloups in Sumter County, SOUTH CAROLINA. GENERAL VEGETABLES Highlights: BEET ARMYWORM, CABBAGE LOOPER, and GREEN PEACH APHID were problem pests on various vegetables during the 1970 season. ARTICHOKE PLUME MOTH (Platyptilia carduidactyla) continued a serious pest on artichokes in CALIFORNIA. BEET WEBWORM (Loxostege sticticalis) flights and beet injury were unusually light in UTAH. BEET ARMYWORM (Spodoptera exigua) caused concern to growers of carrots, lettuce, and onions in ARIZONA. Lettuce was heavily hit where treatments were delayed. In FLORIDA, S. exigua damaged celery and other vegetable crops seriously in the Everglades area because the approved insecticides gave only partial control. SALTMARSH CATERPILLAR (Estigmene acrea) was found throughout the year in the Everglades area of the State. The tachina flies and a fungus (Entomophthora sp.) which normally reduce numbers during summer, might have been light. CABBAGE LOOPER (Trichoplusia ni) was a continuing problem on vegetables in CALIFORNIA; larvae required treatments. In ARIZONA it was the major problem on lettuce. The winter crop had the least problems, but early spring and late fall crops were generally treated regularly in the lettuce areas of Yuma, Maricopa, Pinal, Pima, and Cochise Counties. As in the past in Otero County, COLORADO, insects did not seriously threaten the spring crop of lettuce although cabbage looper infested some fields. In the fall crop,however, cabbage looper infestations ranged up to 40 percent. Lannate effectively controlled this pest. Larvae in OHIO infested one-third of the plants in greenhouse leaf lettuce and completely defoliated some. Sprayed or treated plantings Showed little or no feeding. Heavy as usual during April to June in the FLORIDA Everglades, cabbage looper damaged celery. This larva is the most difficult to control on vegetable crops next to S. exigua. Collected in 1969, SPOTTED ASPARAGUS BEETLE (Crioceris duodecimpunctata) and ASPARAGUS BEETLE (C. asparagi) were reported in 1970 as new State records for NEVADA. Spotted asparagus beetle collected in Washakie and Hot Springs Counties, WYOMING, are new county records. Asparagus beetle numbers were heavy in MICHIGAN. Larvae heavily damaged asparagus ferns during late July in Van Buren County. Numbers were economic in Berrien and Oceana Counties. In MARYLAND, asparagus beetle adults were active and laying eggs on May 1. Adults averaged 1 per yard in Kent County. Controls were required to prevent egg contamination of spears. SWEETPOTATO FLEA BEETLE (Chaetocnema confinis) in Wicomico County, MARYLAND, was higher than 1969's light to moderate numbers. Heavy counts, 2-5 per plant, in several newly planted fields during early June made replanting necessary. Counts generally in this county ranged 1-2 per yard during spring. Controls were applied by many growers during July to suppress possible larval root injury. Early in the season in Maryland, GOLDEN TORTOISE BEETLE (Metriona bicolor) infestations on sweetpotatoes were moderate to heavy (30-80 percent defoliation) near Hebron, Wicomico County. About 50 acres required controls during early June. Counts averaged less than 1 per plant for the rest of the season. CARROT WEEVIL (Listronotus oregonensis) caused much injury to large commercial fields of untreated carrots in DELAWARE. GREEN PEACH APHID (Myzus persicae) was one of the main pests on many kinds of vegetables in CALIFORNIA. Medium numbers infested spinach in Clark County, NEVADA, during April. Numbers in UTAH were moderate on seed beets in Washington County during spring. In ARIZONA special treatments were needed to control this aphid on lettuce in Yuma County during early February. In MARYLAND, spring = 7A0)5) populations of green peach aphid averaged less than 2 per yard in 600 acres of spinach in Dorchester and Kent Counties. Timely cuttings in May prevented popula- tions from becoming economic. In NEW JERSEY it damaged a sweetpotato planting in Burlington County during late July; by August 7 it was eliminated by heavy numbers of Hippodamia convergens (convergent lady beetle). Green peach aphid, heavier than in the past 5 years, infested several vegetables in southern and western MAINE. ASPARAGUS APHID (Brachycolus asSparagi) was first identified from NEW JERSEY in February 1970 although asparagus research plots had been treated in August 1969 to control damaging aphid populations, which undoubtedly were this species. It first appeared during late June in experimental plantings at East Brunswick, Middlesex County; damage was severe enough to warrant control by early July. This aphid was found in Monmouth County and elsewhere in Middlesex County by July 23, in Burlington, Ocean, Cumberland, and Gloucester Counties by August 7, and in Salem, Mercer, and Somerset Counties by August 14. Severe stunting, rosetting of brush, and stickiness from much honeydew were evident in many heavily infested fields. Overwintering eggs, probably of this species, were first observed on brush at Somerset, Somerset County, on October 1. By late August many aphids in many fields were parasitized. Hippodamia convergens was numerous on brush, particularly in Gloucester County fields. Asparagus aphid was found on asparagus in Bucks and Montgomery Counties for a new State record in PENNSYLVANIA. ONION MAGGOT (Hylemya antiqua) was a local problem in commercial and garden onions and garlic in CALIFORNIA. In IDAHO very little damage occurred in treated commercial onions. Maggots eliminated 95 percent of the onions in an experimental plot planted under shade and 10-15 percent of the onions in a plot where a spring furrow treatment was not applied at Parma, Canyon County. Injury to onions in UTAH was common in gardens and moderate in commercial plantings. Onion maggot was light on onions in Weld and Boulder Counties, COLORADO. Loss was moderate. Infestations were less than 10 percent at Pueblo, Pueblo County. Activity on onions in ILLINOIS was less than average in 1970. Adults were less abundant in NEW JERSEY at collection sites than during the previous 2 years. Very little economic injury occurred to onions since most of the acreage was treated at planting. BEET LEAFMINER (Pegomya betae) and an EPHYDRID FLY (Psilopa leucostoma) were much less abundant in WASHINGTON than in past years. Beet leafminer Severely damaged spinach, swiss chard, and beets in home plantings at Pullman, Whitman County. SPINACH LEAFMINER (Pegomya hyoscyami) was the most important garden pest in MAINE in 1970 because it infested almost all of the beets and much of the spinach and swiss chard. Damage occurred primarily to beet greens. Several beet plantings were unfit for use and were destroyed. The second generation in the last part of June caused the greatest damage. Controls were effective. ASPARAGUS MINER (Ophiomyia simplex) numbers _n MICHIGAN were heavy in the 3 major asparagus counties--Berrien, Oceana, and Van Buren. It infested the fern from 8 inches above the soil surface down to the crown. All stages were found throughout the summer from mid-June onward. Exceeding 1969's damage in MAINE, CARROT RUST FLY (Psila rosae) damaged about 30 percent of the carrots in 25 percent of the gardens in the southern area. Controls were satisfactory in commercial plantings. ONION THRIPS (Thrips tabaci) was light on onions in Weld and Boulder Counties, COLORADO. Losses were moderate. Counts ranged 0-60 per plant during the season. Effective control may be obtained with 3-4 sprays. In UTAH it caused light to moderate discoloration to tops of dry and seed onions as usual. In IDAHO, this thrips damaged a few bulb onion fields in Canyon and Payette County where sprays were delayed. Counts appeared normal in bulb and seed fields. = 20 65— LYGUS BUGS (Lygus spp.) were present in about the usual numbers in southern IDAHO. Although required on most seed crops, control was not difficult to maintain. Nearly all carrot fields were treated. SOUTHERN GREEN STINK BUG (Nezara viridula) numbers and damage were heavy on miscellaneous vegetables during summer and fall at Hastings, Saint Johns County, FLORIDA. It was difficult to control. SPIDER MITES, mostly Tetranychus spp., were generally prevalent on vegetables in Canyon, Ada, Payette, and WaShington Counties, IDAHO, but not as damaging as in previous years. An ERIOPHYID MITE (Aceria peucedani) caused no damage to carrot seed fields in Idaho in contrast to 2 badly damaged carrot seed fields in 1969. Typical symptoms of low numbers were widespread in the southwestern area. WHEAT CURL MITE (Aceria tulipae) populations were light on vegetables in southwestern Idaho. No damage occurred in 1970 compared with 1969 when 2 wheatfields in Canyon County were destroyed. Weather of the week continued from page 186. TEMPERATURE: Subfreezing temperatures occurred in the West from Canada to Mexico on I or 2 days early in the week. Douglas, Arizona, registered 30° Monday morning. Southerly breezes warmed the Atlantic seaboard and temperatures reached the 70's as far north as New Jersey Monday afternoon. The Florida Peninsula warmed to the 80's and Orlando registered 91° Monday. Weather continued mild in the East Tuesday along the Atlantic coast. Palm Beach, Florida, recorded 90°. Southern Texas continued warm with the mercury reaching 92° Tuesday at San Antonio and 93° Thursday at Cotulla. At midweek, a mound of high pressure lay over the Hast and early morning temperatures dropped to below freezing as far south as northern Florida Thursday morning reaching 28° at Tallahassee and 32° at Jacksonville. A few spots in the North registered subzero temperatures on 1 or 2 mornings. Among the coldest readings were 11° at Eagle River and Land O'Lakes in Wisconsin Wednesday morning and -12° at Marquette County Airport, Michigan, Thursday morning. Southerly winds brought warmer weather to mid-America Saturday. Some areas were 30° warmer Saturday afternoon than Friday. Maximums at Hill City, Kansas, were 40° Friday and 70° Saturday. Williston, North Dakota, warmed to 45° Saturday but no higher than 23° Sunday, after another cold blast pushed into the northern Great Plains. Northerly winds brough subfreezing weather to the Deep South Sunday morning when McBride, Mississippi, registered 30° oe Tallahassee, Florida, 26 . (Summary supplied by Environmental Data Service, ESSA. NATIONAL WEATHER SERVICE'S 30-DAY OUTLOOK MID-MARCH TO MID-APRIL 1971 The National Weather Service's 30-day outlook for mid-March to mid-April is for temperatures to average below seasonal normals over the Midwest, the northern half of the Great Plains, the Pacific Northwest, and the Pacific coast. Above normal temperatures are indicated for the southern Plateau, the southern Plains, and Florida. In unspecified areas near normal temperatures are in prospect. Precipitation is expected to exceed normal over the north Pacific coast, the northern Plains, the lower Great Lakes, and from the middle and lower Mississippi Valley to the Appalachians. Subnormal totals are indicated for the Southwest. Elsewhere near normal precipitation is in prospect. Weather forecast given here is based on the official 30-day "Resume and Outlook" published twice a month by the National Weather Service. You can subscribe through the Superintendent of Documents, Washington, D.C. 20250. Price $5.00 a year. C004 USENLINATA122 03001 OOO01 US ENTOMOLOGY LIBRARY DEPT ENTOM NATIONAL MUSEUM WASHINGTON DC 20560 $ a3 ogy Ertl ° VOL. 21 No. 14 April 2, 1971 Y~| Cooperative ECONOMIC INSECT REPORT Bea ica ou ASU ( APR g GF Issued by PLANT PROTECTION. DIVISION AGRICULTURAL RESEARCH SERVICE UNITED STATES DEPARTMENT OF AGRICULTURE AGRICULTURAL RESEARCH SERVICE PLANT PROTECTION DIVISION ECONOMIC INSECT SURVEY AND DETECTION The Cooperative Economic Insect Report is issued weekly as a service to American Agriculture. Its contents are compiled from information supplied by cooperating State, Federal, and industrial entomologists and other agricul- tural workers. In releasing this material the Division serves as a clearing house and does not assume responsi- bility for accuracy of the material. To facilitate mailroom handling, all reports, inquiries, and other matters pertaining to this release, including the mailing list, should be sent to: The Editors, CEIR Economic Insect Survey and Detection Plant Protection Division, ARS, USDA Federal Center Building Hyattsville, Maryland 20782 Volume 21 April 2, 1971 Number 14 COOPERATIVE ECONOMIC INSECT REPORT HIGHLIGHTS Current Conditions GREENBUG damaged small grain in north Texas. BROWN WHEAT MITE damaged dryland wheat in portion of New Mexico; counts heavy in Texas Panhandle. WINTER GRAIN MITE heavy in north Texas. (p. 209). SAN JOSE SCALE mortality heavy in Yakima Valley, Washington. (p. 210). SOUTHERN PINE BEETLE increased to serious levels in North Carolina and Tennessee; timber loss heavy in limited area of Virginia. BLACK TURPENTINE BEETLE at epidemic level in 2 forests in South Carolina. A GEOMETRID MOTH damaged cypress in Florida. (p. 211). SHEEP KED numerous on sheep in Utah. (p. 212). Detection For new county records see page 213. Special Reports Summary of Insect Conditions in the United States - 1970 Deciduous Fruits and Nuts (pp. 215-224). Citrus (pp. 224-226). Other Tropical and Subtropical Fruits (p. 226). Small Fruit (pp. 226-228). Distribution of Oriental Fruit Moth. Map. (p. 218). Predictions ALFALFA WEEVIL (p. 209) and BAGWORM (p. 211) expected to be heavier and widespread during 1971 in Arkansas. Some First Occurrences of Season ALFALFA WEEVIL larvae in Delaware, Virginia, and Kentucky. APPLE APHID in Virginia. APPLE GRAIN APHID in New Jersey. POPLAR TENTMAKER larvae in Florida. COMMON CATTLE GRUB adults and HORN FLY adults in Oklahoma. WHITEFRINGED BEETLE larval damage in Alabama. Reports in this issue are for week ending March 26 unless otherwise indicated. = 207 — = 208) r— CONTENTS Soeetell UISECirS Of Reatiomeall SitsimilriCAMO@s5 650000000000 00000000 DODO O OND OB bOO Daze) Insects Affecting S\iilil Crew > oo ooccaco000c000 00000 be) OnpnamenttiallSreyerekelslelslekehelclcleletoneleronenet tee IOGASE) ILESOINES 5 Gao600son0nb0D 000 Hoo) Forest and Shade Trees.........211 General VegetableS......cccecesrceoeeee Al Manian) Antimavlishycrcretelelelsielshelenelcnsncrcilole Deciduous Fruits and Nuts....«.....210 Households and Structures......212 CakteeUShorereieleneveliokehenchcrouonenetateleWeleheloneteneherener aL O) BENE tHilGlal UNSC CEST rsrsrielohetetelelehetoheleltaretclchenslehoiokoreielchsiclelelcdctonelcleioiolichelcietorenenenioneetensnenenenener ites hederal’ and) State! Plant Protection Pros Gams) cyclerelel ele clelelcislelelelcctehelclelelelelcieiencheleheieneneretec DET! Cid OME ayer si ec ove au.eseseliers feileeNerieKoieconalleleitelte: eifettece’ ole eiece vaaieNe tok olsrevatteloneleiveroleveuelielorsrererenereisieneneneta ies: Mahi Trap Come tansy ieee eva ic ci slellelietsleve) cieiejiey stielalevcteiteieloveelisleneiensicl tere etelcieverelrcheter steerer Cenc Haw arisen sic CGC DOG eretereieleleneleleheneleleiekehenehelcrohelelichehcicllclaletshoiolclelolcicloheleleheleictenatelclcketonelenererer once Summary of Insect Conditions in the United States - 1970 WSGUCWICUS IMIS sel IMONES oop oOd oon DDD D CODD OOD DD DOD OOO DODDODDOODODDDOO OC OOOeLD GrkGAsUIS ey eveiclletenclisvello crerevonelolsieNevol ener cheltetel el cilelelel clleteeionehelellerenel chen lenevenonen eter otebelshchehclcnohoren een emenet scree Others Tropicalvandy SuUbiELOp UC a WP HUG eretelelcienerenelcholevetetehenelelehenerohctoheleletetcneloneienciorenetetet7 ce SMELL MGS ooo nodD COD OADDO OOD ODDDDODDDG ODD ODDO GOODDDNODDDDOOO0K00000000000 0B AE IDS Hesllootiealoin Cai Olesen! WIAGatiG Wong WEID5 550000000 OO ODDDDDDDD0DDDGDDDDOODD BODES WEATHER OF THE WEEK ENDING MARCH 29 HIGHLIGHTS: The East continued cold. Record high temperatures occurred in Texas on Sunday. Snowfall since last autumn at some northeastern locations has exceeded previous seasonal totals. PRECIPITATION: Rain fell along the Pacific coast on most days last week with Snow in the higher mountains. The Southwest was mostly sunny and clear. Squally weather persisted in the lee of the Great Lakes. Scattered thunderstorms dotted the Deep South. A storm developed in the central Rocky Mountains early in the week and moved to the adjacent Great Plains. Snow, blowing snow, and fog reduced visibility at Sidney, Nebraska, to near zero. By Wednesday morning, 8 inches of snow covered Cheyenne, Wyoming. Some schools in south-central Nebraska closed Wednesday due to blowing and drifting snow. Five to 10 inches of snow fell along the middle portion of the Nebraska-Kansas line. Snow spread eastward and by Thursday, the snow belt extended from central Nebraska and Kansas to western Kentucky. By Friday morning, the snow area had reached Georgia and the Carolinas. Snow covered the ground at Columbus, Georgia, and was 10.5 inches deep at Clemson, South Carolina. Four to 8 inches of snow fell in the mountains in western North Carolina. By Friday evening, the storm had dumped heavy snow in Virginia-— 13 inches of snow at Blackstone, 10 inches at Newport News, and 8 inches at Richmond. By Saturday, the storm center had moved off the Atlantic coast. Sunday a new storm began battering the northern Pacific coast with high winds and rain. Snow fell in the mountains of Washington and Oregon and eastward to the Rockies. TEMPERATURE: Winter temperatures continued in the Northern States, but summer weather persisted in the South. Alice, Texas, registered 99° Monday afternoon. Austin, Texas, recorded 96° Monday afternoon, but a cold wave dropped the tempera- ture at Austin to 51° by Tuesday morning. Afternoon temperatures in the northern Great Plains remained in the 20's and low 30's. Maximum readings at Minot, North Dakota, and Bemidji, Minnesota, Tuesday were 20°. Cool air continued to pour into the Northern States and spread southward. Devils Lake, North Dakota, registered -10° Wednesday morning. The freezing line pushed southward to central Alabama and 17° minimums were recorded at Lexington and London in Kentucky and Crossville, Tennessee. Subzero temperatures occurred in Several northern States Thursday morning. The coldest readings that came to our attention were -12° at Iron River and Marquette Airport in Michigan. Warm weather persisted in the extreme South throughout the week. Weather of the week continued on page 214. = 70S) = SPECIAL INSECTS OF REGIONAL SIGNIFICANCE ARMY CUTWORM (Euxoa auxiliaris) - OKLAHOMA - Larvae per 10 linear feet of wheat ranged 0-4 in Il of 30 fields in northwest area and 0-2 in 1 of 2 fields in Garfield County. Occasional larvae in alfalfa in Harper and Alfalfa Counties. (Okla. Coop. Sur.). CORN LEAF APHID (Rhopalosiphum maidis) - ARIZONA - Counts of 20-60 per boot in 4 Yuma Valley barleyfields, Yuma County. (Ariz. Coop. Sur.). NEW MEXICO - Heavy in isolated barley in Luna County. Damage due to this aphid and lack of moisture severe. (N.M. Coop. Rpt.). GREENBUG (Schizaphis graminum) - ARIZONA - Averaged 2,000 per 100 sweeps of barley and wheat at Yuma, Yuma County. Counts of O-1 per linear foot of 10-inch tall plants in 4 fields of barley in Pinal County. Controls applied to barley in one field northeast of Glendale, Maricopa County. (Ariz. Coop. Sur.). NEW MEXICO - Ranged 50-200 per linear foot of wheat in Quay, Curry, and Roosevelt Counties. (Mathews). TEXAS - Heavy damage to small grains in Childress, Baylor, Wichita, Young, Knox, Wilbarger, Cottle, King, Motley, and Foard Counties. Moderate damage in Archer County. Small grains need moisture and greenbug feeding adding to problem. Some control being applied. Numerous beneficial insects in some fields. (Boring). Ranged 5-1,500 per row foot of small grain in 18 Panhandle counties. Heaviest count in Floyd County, lightest in Motley and Lamb Counties. Lady beetles numerous in Hall, Motley, and Floyd Counties. Bracondids also in Motley and Floyd Counties. (Daniels). OKLAHOMA - Ranged 15-250 per linear foot of wheat in Major County except one field with average of 550 per linear foot. Averaged 300 in Alfalfa County field; ranged 6-45 per linear foot in other fields. Ranged 3-70 per linear foot in 3 northwest counties. Ranged 0-8 per linear foot in Harper County. Averaged 7 and 170 per linear foot in 2 Garfield County fields. Remains heavy in Cotton County, light in Kingfisher and Murray Counties. (Okla. Coop. Sur.). SPOTTED ALFALFA APHID (Therioaphis maculata) - NEW MEXICO - Light to heavy on alfalfa in Quay, Curry, and Roosevelt Counties. Ranged 10-100 per square foot in some fields. (Mathews). TEXAS - Moderate on alfalfa in Wilbarger and Foard Counties. Beneficial insects numerous in many fields. (Boring). SMALL GRAINS BROWN WHEAT MITE (Petrobia latens) - OKLAHOMA - Light, up to 100 per linear foot, in most wheat in Woods, Harper, and Woodward Counties and some Major County fields. Moderate in scattered fields in Garfield County. (Okla. Coop. Sur.). TEXAS - Ranged 1,000-5,000 per linear foot of wheat in several Panhandle counties. (Daniels). NEW MEXICO - Light to heavy on wheat in Quay, Curry, and Roosevelt Counties. Damage heavy to much dryland wheat in this area. (Mathews). WINTER GRAIN MITE (Penthaleus major) - TEXAS - Heavy in Wilbarger, Foard, and Knox County small grain. (Boring). FORAGE LEGUMES ALFALFA WEEVIL (Hypera postica) - DELAWARE - First instars averaged 1 per 10 stalks of new growth alfalfa in one area of Kent County. (Burbutis, Kelsey). VIRGINIA - First and second instars ranged 1-10 per stem at 2 locations in Charlotte County. (Hendrick). KENTUCKY - Eggs averaged 244 per square foot of alfalfa in Fayette County. First instars appeared. (Barnett). TENNESSEE - First and second instars ranged 3-7 per terminal on 90 percent of alfalfa checked in central areas. Damage very light to date. (Gordon). Surveys indicate first and second instars in most east area fields. No damage to date. (Mullett). ARKANSAS - Larvae numerous and near control levels on 4-inch tall alfalfa in Crittenden County. (Kimbrough). Expect alfalfa weevil to be heavier and more widespread than previously. Larvae found north to Logan and Yell Counties. (Boyer, Jones). OKLAHOMA - Larvae heavy in Murray, Bryan, and Cotton Counties. Moderate in Carter County. Light in Tillman, Comanche, and Johnston Counties. (Okla. Coop. Sur.). =" 210) — EGYPTIAN ALFALFA WEEVIL (Hypera brunneipennis) - ARIZONA - Ranged 0-300 per 100 sweeps of alfalfa in 4 Yuma and Gila Valley, Yuma County, fields. One grower "Sheeping off'' alfalfa and reduced weevils to noneconomic levels. (Ariz. Coop. Sune CLOVER LEAF WEEVIL (Hypera punctata) - OKLAHOMA - Occasional larvae in alfalfa in Harper and Beckham Counties. (OKla. Coop. Sur.). PEA APHID (Acyrthosiphon pisum) - ARKANSAS - Increased and variable in Crittenden County alfalfa. (Kimbrough). OKLAHOMA - Moderate to heavy in scattered alfalfa in Cotton, Tillman, and Comanche Counties. Averaged 20 per sweep in Johnston County. (Okla. Coop. Sur.). NEVADA - Averaged 4 per sweep in Moapa Valley, Clark County, alfalfa hayfields. (Zoller). ARIZONA - Increased, ranged 1,000-8,000 per 100 sweeps of alfalfa, in Yuma County. (Ariz. Coop. Sur.). LYGUS BUGS (Lygus spp.) - ARIZONA - Mostly nymphs ranged 10-70 per 100 sweeps in 4 fields of alfalfa at Yuma, Yuma County. (Ariz. Coop. Sur.). GENERAL VEGETABLES GREEN PEACH APHID (Myzus persicae) - ARIZONA - Still treating lettuce at Yuma and at Picacho. (Ariz. Coop. Sur. DECIDUOUS FRUITS AND NUTS APHIDS - NEW JERSEY - Rhopalosiphum fitchii (apple grain aphid) feeding on bud of Red Delicious apples in commercial block on March 22 near Vincentown, Burlington County. (Ins.-Dis. Newsltr.). VIRGINIA - Aphis pomi (apple aphid) hatched on apple at Charlottesville, Charlotte County, on March 17. (Bobb). COLORADO - Myzus persicae (green peach aphid) eggs 95 percent hatched on March 16 on Western Slope. Eggs averaged 2.2 and nymphs 7 per 100 fruit buds in peach orchards. Population levels comparable to 1970 season so far. (Bulla). EUROPEAN RED MITE (Panonychus ulmi) - NEW JERSEY - Overwintering eggs light to moderate in commercial apple orchard near Vincentown, Burlington County, March 22. (Ins.-Dis. Newsltr.). TWOSPOTTED SPIDER MITE (Tetranychus urticae) - COLORADO - This species and Bryobia praetiosa (clover mite) appearing in apple orchards on Western Slope, March 16. Dormant sprays applied in apple, pear, and peach orchards with buds mostly in dormant stage. (Bulla). SAN JOSE SCALE (Quadraspidiotus perniciosus) - WASHINGTON - Surveys of apples in upper and lower Yakima Valley Showed heavy mortality of all overwintering forms, apparently due to sudden low temperatures following moderate weather in February. (Johnson). PEAR PSYLLA (Psylla pyricola) - WASHINGTON - Eggs found March 16 on up to 60 percent of pear Spurs in unsprayed orchards in upper Yakima Valley. Controls satisfactory. (Johnson). EASTERN TENT CATERPILLAR (Malcosoma americanum) - OKLAHOMA - Hatched on wild plum in Atoka County on March 19. (Okla. Coop. Sur.). CITRUS AN ARMORED SCALE (Unaspis citri) - FLORIDA - Severe on 250 citrus trees in nursery at Vero Beach, Indian River County. (Kendrick). = 211 — ORNAMENTALS HOLLYHOCK WEEVIL (Apion longirostre) - MISSOURI - Adults collected in blacklight trap in Platte County by L.P. Burgess on May 28, 1970. This is a new county record. (Munson). AN ARMORED SCALE (Odonaspis penicillata) - FLORIDA - All stages collected on stems and leaves of bamboo plant at Summerland Key, Monroe County, March 8, LO DY; W.H. Pierce. This is a new county record. (Fla. Coop. Sur.). BOXWOOD LEAFMINER (Monarthropalpus buxi) - VIRGINIA - Damage heavy on large planting of American boxwood in Amelia County. (Holmes). Reports indicate heavy damage statewide. (Allen). FOREST AND SHADE TREES SOUTHERN PINE BEETLE (Dendroctonus frontalis) - Populations increased to serious levels in Tusquitee and Cheach districts of Nantahahala National Forest in western NORTH CAROLINA, and in Tellico district of Cherokee National Forest of TENNESSEE. Heavy timber losses occurred in Accomack County, VIRGINIA. Populations in SOUTH CAROLINA collapsed during summer 1970, currently very light. Also light in TEXAS, LOUISIANA, and MISSISSIPPI, but heavy brood densities could result in timber losses this spring. (South. For. Pest Rptr., Feb.). BARK BEETLES (Dendroctonus spp.) - ALABAMA - D. frontalis (southern pine beetle) and D. terebrans (black turpentine beetle) damaged isolated pines in Mobile County; numerous pines died during March. (Seibels et al.). SOUTH CAROLINA - D. terebrans remains at epidemic level in Sand Hills and Cheraw State Forests a located in north-central area of State. (South. For. Pest Rptr., Feb.). BAGWORM (Thyridopteryx ephemeraeformis) - ARKANSAS - Populations epidemic during summer 1970 in northwest area. Radigraphs show heavy winter egg survival. Should survival be above average, populations ‘may be more widespread and severe during 1971. (South. For. Pest Rptr., Feb.). A GEOMETRID MOTH (Anacamptodes cypressaria) - FLORIDA - Defoliation moderate to heavy on 15,000 acres of cypress in Glades County. (Fla. Div. For., Feb.). BALSAM WOOLLY APHID (Adelges piceae) - New infestations on Roan Mountain in TENNESSEE and NORTH CAROLINA; also near Heintooga Overlook and along Blue Ridge Parkway in Balsam Mountains of North Carolina. Aphid reinfesting protection zone on Mt. Mitchell. (South. For. Pest Rptr., Feb.). PINE BARK APHID (Pineus strobi) - MARYLAND - Immatures on Several white pines in Greenbelt, Prince Georges County. White flocculent waxes produced at this time. (U. Md., Ent. Dept.). WALKINGSTICK (Diapheromera femorata) - ARKANSAS - Defoliation of hardwoods heaviest in recent years. Heavy defoliation on 85,000 acres out of 132,729 acres. (South. For. Pest Rptr., Feb.). COTTONWOOD LEAF BEETLE (Chrysomela scripta) - MISSISSIPPI - Adults emerged in Washington and Oktibbeha Counties in aSSociation with willows and cottonwoods. (Sartor). POPLAR TENTMAKER (Ichthyura inclusa) - FLORIDA - First instars on willow at Gainesville, Alachua County. Determined by D.H. Habeck. (Mead). MAN AND ANIMALS SCREWWORM (Cochliomyia hominivorax) - Three cases reported in U.S. March 21-27 as follows: TEXAS - Hidalgo, Jim Hogg, and Starr. Total of 83 laboratory- confirmed cases reported in portion of Barrier Zone in Republic of Mexico as = 212 = follows; Sonora 17, Chihuahua 13, Nuevo Leon 7, Tamaulipas 46. Total of 24 cases reported in Mexico south of Barrier Zone. Barrier Zone is area where eradication operation underway to prevent establishment of self-sustaining population in U.S. Sterile screwworm flies released: Texas 19,768,000; Mexico 124,028,000. (Anim. Health Div.). HORN FLY (Haematobia irritans) - OKLAHOMA - First adults of season ranged 1-3 per head on cattle in Payne County on March 21. (Okla. Coop. Sur.). COMMON CATTLE GRUB (Hypoderma lineatum) - KENTUCKY - Ranged 0-9 (averaged 3.3) per animal on backs of Holstein cattle of various ages in central areas. (Barnett). OKLAHOMA - First adults in Payne County on March 21. No larvae in backs of 40 steers checked. (Okla. Coop. Sur.). WYOMING - Averaged 36 and 32 per animal in 2 herds of calves in Campbell County. (Lloyd). MOSQUITOES - CALIFORNIA - Populations receded during past 3 weeks due to cold nights. Current warm daytime temperatures and rain Should bring mosquitoes out. Much conern in some areas of State with potential malaria problem associated with returing Servicemen from Vietnam. (Cal. Coop. Rpt.). CATTLE LICE - OKLAHOMA - Mainly Haematopinus eurysternus (shortnosed cattle louse) heavy on cattle in Cotton County and moderate in Mayes and Bryan Counties. (Okla. Coop. Sur.). WYOMING - Linognathus vituli (longnosed cattle louse) light on calves in Campbell County. (Lioyd). H. eurysternus heavy on cattle in feedlot in Natrona County, required treatment. (Baribeau). SHEEP KED (Melophagus ovinus) - UTAH - Numerous on university and farm flocks in Cache County, on larger flocks in Sanpete County, and on commercial flocks throughout State. Some controls applied in Utah County. (Madsen, Knowlton). WYOMING -—- Normal on rangeland sheep in Natrona County; not being controlled. (Baribeau). BROWN RECLUSE SPIDER (Loxosceles reclusa) - ARKANSAS - Single specimen collected in home at Fayetteville, Washington County. (Boyer, Rouse). HOUSEHOLDS AND STRUCTURES EASTERN SUBTERRANEAN TERMITE (Reticulitermes flavipes) - MICHIGAN - Large swarm March 22 in building at Lansing, Ingham County. Extensive infestation found on March 25. Controls applied. Additional buildings inspected in block. (Harnett, Sauer). MARYLAND - Swarming increased in homes in central areas. (U. Md., Ent. Dept.). OLDHOUSE BORER (Hylotrupes bajulus) - KENTUCKY - Larvae damaged furniture at Springfield, Washington County. (Barnett). A MELYRID BEETLE (Anthocomus bipunctatus) - DISTRICT OF COLUMBIA - Collected around light in house March 21. Larvae of this European species apparently predaceous; adults may hibernate in houses. Little known of habits; beetle measures only 3-4 mm. in length. Species occurs from New Jersey to North Carolina and has been reported as far west as Kentucky. Beetle rather easily detected by bright orange elytra and black dot on each elytron. (Sollers-Riedel). RINGLEGGED EARWIG (Euborellia annulipes) - OKLAHOMA - Infested buildings at Ardmore, Carter County. (Okla. Coop. Sur.). CLOVER MITE (Bryobia praetiosa) - TENNESSEE - Annoying in and around homes in central areas. Controls applied in most cases. (Gordon). 2S BENEFICIAL INSECTS A BRACONID (Lysiphlebus testaceipes) - OKLAHOMA - Occasional greenbug mummies in infested wheat in Southern Ellis and Major Counties. None found in rest of north- west area. (Okla. Coop. Sur.). CONVERGENT LADY BEETLE (Hippodamia convergens) - OKLAHOMA - Adults light in scattered wheat throughout northwest area, but no larvae. Adults light and larvae present in alfalfa in southwest area. (Okla. Coop. Sur.). FEDERAL AND STATE PLANT PROTECTION PROGRAMS EUROPEAN CRANE FLY (Tipula paludosa) - WASHINGTON - Second instars 40-50 per square foot in untreated check plots at Blaine, Whatcom County. Larvae not feeding. No larvae recovered from treated plots. (Rosander). IMPORTED FIRE ANT (Solenopsis saevisSima richteri) - GEORGIA - Specimens collected on farm at Tennille, Washington County, by F.R. Woodard on March 12, 1971. Determined by V.H. Owens, confirmed by D.R. Smith. This is a new county record. (PPD). PINK BOLLWORM (Pectinophora gossypiella) - FLORIDA - Two larvae collected from wild cotton in woodland near Flamingo in Everglades National Park, Monroe County, March 16, 1971. Determined by V.H. Owens. (Fla. Coop. Sur.). WHITEFRINGED BEETLES (Graphognathus spp.) - ALABAMA - Larvae damaged seedling corn in Mobile County; also damaged about 20 percent of plants in 5 acres of commerical tomatoes in Geneva County. (Kilpatrick et al.). WOOLLY WHITEFLY (Aleurothrixus floccosus) - CALIFORNIA - Single adult collected from Psidium guajave at Fallbrook, San Diego County. Represents new area of collection and Spread outside environs of San Diego. Fallbrook about 50 miles north of San Diego. Survey underway. (Cal. Coop. Rpt.). DETECTION New County Records - AN ARMORED SCALE (Odonaspis penicillata) FLORIDA -— Monroe (p. 211). HOLLYHOCK WEEVIL (Apion longirostre) MISSOURI — Platte (p. PALA) 5 IMPORTED FIRE ANT (Solenopsis saevissima richteri) GEORGIA - Washington (p. 213). LIGHT TRAP COLLECTIONS FLORIDA - Gainesville, 3/19-25, BL - Armyworm (Pseudaletia unipuncta) 1, black cutworm (Agrotis ipsilon) 2, saltmarsh caterpillar Estigmene acrea) l. MISSISSIPPI — Stoneville, 3/19-25, 2BL, temp. Su SPS precip. 1.11 - Armyworm 85, black cutworm 29, variegated cutworm (Peridroma saucia) 20. TEXAS - Waco, 3/19-25, BL - Armyworm 67, beet armyworm (Spodoptera exigua) 8, black cutworm 18, corn earworm (Heliothis zea) 1, granulate cutworm (Feltia Subterranea) 42, salt- marsh caterpillar 14, variegated cutworm 57, yellowstriped armyworm (Spodoptera ornithogalli) 8. = 214° = HAWAII INSECT REPORT Sugarcane - SUGARCANE LEAFHOPPER (Perkinsiella saccharicida) light, ranged 1-4 per plant, on about 20 percent of Seedlings in sugarcane fields at Puunene and Omaopio, Maui. Nymphs and adults of CANE LEAFHOPPER EGG SUCKER (Tytthus mundulus) light amid leafhoppers. (Ah Sam). General Vegetables - Larvae of DIAMONDBACK MOTH (Plutella xylostella) heavy, up to 20 per leaf, in 0.5-acre home garden planting of kai choy (Brassica juncea) , won-bok (B. pekinensis), and head cabbage at Waipouli, Kauai. Many leaves severely damaged; 80-90 percent of some leaves affected. (Sugawa). Larvae of HAWAIIAN BEET WEBWORM (Hymenia recurvalis) trace in 0.25 acre of Chinese spinach (Amaranthus gangeticus) at Waimanalo, Oahu; adults light, 1 per 2 square yards. (Kawamura) . Fruits and Nuts - FLORIDA RED SCALE (Chrysomphalus aonidum) ranged 1-10 on 95 percent of pinnae on 100+ coconut trees at Kahului, Maui. (Miyahira). Ornamentals - Larvae of GREEN GARDEN LOOPER (Chrysodeixis chalcites) heavy, about 50 percent of leaves damaged on Chinese ground orchid (Phayus grandiflora) at Wahiawa Forest Reserve, Oahu. (Kashiwai). An ARMORED SCALE (Phenacaspis cockerelli) adults trace, 1 per 15 leaves, on roadside oleander plants at Kahului, Maui. All stages moderate, about 50 per leaf, on all leaves of a Plumeria tree at Aina Haina, Oahu. (Miyahira, Kashiwai). General Pests - Nymphs and adults of a PLATASPID BUG (Coptosoma xanthogramma) heavy on roadside Mucuna sp. at Hilo, Hawaii; aS many as 25 adults per 6 inches of vine. Eggs trace on Mucuna sp.; heavy on guava and Panicum grass surrounding Mucuna vines; as many as 24 eggs per guava leaf. Ninety-two percent of eggs parasitized, probably by Trissolcus sp. (a scelionid wasp). (Yoshioka). Beneficial Insects - Larvae of LANTANA DEFOLIATOR CATERPILLAR (Hypena strigata) heavy on wasteland lantana throughout Lanai; defoliation severe to 90 percent of plants. Numerous adults at large. Moths moderate in grassy areas at Wahiawa Forest Reserve, Oahu; about 1 per 10 square feet. (Kajiwara, Kashiwai). Larvae of a TORTRICID MOTH (Apotoforma sp.) heavy in 100 acres of wild blackberry at Waikamoi, Maui; about 75 percent of young terminal leaves infested. This leaf feeder purposely introduced from Mexico to aid in control of blackberry (Rubus sp.) and released at Olinda, Maui,in August 1964. (Ah Sam, Miyahira).‘*‘ Weather of the week continued from page 208. Maximums reached the 80's and low 90's in the Far Southwest, the low and mid-90's in the Rio Grande Valley in Texas, and the 80's in the Florida Peninsula on most days. A number of Texas stations recorded temperatures of 100° or higher Sunday afternoon. San Antonio registered OOM the highest temperature of record for that location in the month of March. In general, temperatures averaged warmer than normal over the West and cooler than normal over the East. A large area including southern Utah, southwestern Colorado, Arizona, and New Mexico averaged 9 to 14 warmer than normal. A strip from Tennessee and northern Alabama to the Atlantic coast averaged 9° to 12° cooler than normal. (Summary supplied by Environmental Data Service, ESSA.) SUMMARY OF INSECT CONDITIONS IN THE UNITED STATES - 1970 (Continued from page 206) DECIDUOUS FRUITS AND NUTS Highlights: PEACHTREE BORER damage was heavy on stone fruits in Idaho; increased on cherry in Montana and on peach in South Carolina. This pest and LESSER PEACHTREE BORER were important pests in Alabama and North Carolina. PEAR PSYLLA persisted in California; control was a problem in Michigan and New York. WESTERN CHERRY FRUIT FLY was a severe problem in Washington. APPLE APHID was the heaviest in several years in Maine. Sooty mold resulted in a higher percentage of apples being turned into cider. SOUTHERN GREEN STINK BUG injured much peach fruit in Florida. TWOSPOTTED SPIDER MITE and EUROPEAN RED MITE were problems in the Pacific States. European red mite was heavy on apples in North Carolina, Massachusetts, and Maine. FALL WEBWORM and TWIG GIRDLER infestations on pecans were the heaviest in years in the upper Coastal Plain and upper Piedmont of South Carolina. Fall webworm was heavy on pecans in southwestern Alabama and in central Oklahoma. HICKORY SHUCKWORM, PECAN NUT CASEBEARER, BLACK PECAN APHID, and BLACKMARGINED APHID were serious on pecans in Alabama. Pecan production in the State was the lowest since 1964 due to infestations of these pests, diseases, and unfavorable environmental conditions. Losses were estimated at $10 million in Alabama. PEACHTREE BORER (Sanninoidea exitiosa) occurs in the peach areas of southwestern IDAHO, which include Ada, Gem, Canyon, Owyhee, Payette, and Washington Counties. Adults were first found during early June. Damage was as high as 80 percent in some orchards. About 3,000 acres are treated each year. Control was successful during the winter of 1969-1970 but may be difficult during the winter of 1970- 1971 because growers switched insecticides. In MONTANA, peachtree borer is becoming more and more a pest of home cherry trees in the Flathead Valley. Many trees were taken out because of it. Damage in UTAH was normal and general, Larvae in NEW MEXICO commonly infested peach trees in Valencia, Bernalillo, and Sandoval Counties. It weakened and killed trees not treated properly. Peachtree borer, along with LESSER PEACHTREE BORER (Synanthedon pictipes), was the most destructive pest of peach, plum, and cherry trees throughout ALABAMA. In FLORIDA, peachtree borer was a problem only when recommended control measures were not used, but S. pictipes, the major pest of peach trees, caused much damage. In some SOUTH CAROLINA areas, peachtree borer injury to peach increased over previous years. Numbers seemed heavier on peach, especially in the sandhills and eastern area. Peachtree borer, along with S. pictipes, was among the most important peach tree pests in NORTH CAROLINA. Moths emerged May 9, peaked August 15 to September 15, and ended after November 1. EASTERN TENT CATERPILLAR (Malacosoma americanum) activity in OKLAHOMA began in Bryan, Marshall, and Love Counties the first week of April; small’ larvae were active the following week in most other areas. Damage to wild plum was heavy over most of the State during the rest of April and most of May. It was first noted in SOUTH CAROLINA on apples and cherries at Clemson, Oconee County, March 17. This pest was extremely abundant in unsprayed and abandoned apple orchards in NEW JERSEY along with other pests. Larvae nearly defoliated a block near Allentown, Monmouth County, by late May. No problems occurred in well-managed commercial blocks. FALL WEBWORM (Hyphantria cunea) tents in WASHINGTON averaged one per apple tree during late July. Larvae were 0.25 inch long by July 20 at Puyallup, Pierce County. Numbers in MICHIGAN increased little over 1969's numbers, but larvae were locally abundant on apple trees in Ingham and Muskegon Counties. - 215 - - 216 - FRUITTREE LEAFROLLER (Archips argyrospilus) infested apple trees at Circle, MecCone County, and Malta, Phillips County, MONTANA. Early broods of OBLIQUE- BANDED LEAFROLLER (Choristoneura rosaceana) damaged apples and cherries, and later broods damaged fresh market prunes and plums at Milton-Freewater, Umatilla County, OREGON. Early damage was due to lack of chlorinated hydrocarbons in spray programs. Damage waS above average to prunes in Marion and Polk Counties. A. argyrospilus in CALIFORNIA was more prevalent than for several years, but ain UTAH, damage was normal but conspicuous in some orchards. REDBANDED LEAFROLLER (Argyrotaenia velutinana) is a minor problem in MICHIGAN. A TORTRICID MOTH (Platynota idaeusalis) appeared in numbers in many orchards in Adams and Franklin Counties, PENNSYLVANIA, from July through September. This was the first outbreak of this species in over 40 years. Larvae mainly fed on new growth on water spouts, resulting in very little damage to fruit. UGLYNEST CATERPILLAR (Archips ceraSivoranus) heavily infested black cherry by July 21 in Washington County, RHODE ISLAND. AMERICAN PLUM BORER (Euzophera Semifuneralis) in MICHIGAN was collected in peaches, pears, and plums aS far south aS Fennville, Allegan County. On cherries it is probably equal to or greater in importance than LESSER PEACH-— TREE BORER (Synanthedon pictipes). For the first time in Michigan, EUROPEAN CORN BORER (Ostrinia nubilalis) was found in peaches. PEACH TWIG BORER (Anarsia lineatella) injury in UTAH was conspicuous and above normal in Washington County and in several other orchard areas. A. lineatella infested 15-20 percent of poorly sprayed and unsprayed peach orchards in Mesa County, COLORADO. SPRING CANKERWORM (Paleacrita vernata) damage in OKLAHOMA ranged moderate to heavy on apple trees in Scattered areas of Tulsa and Mayes Counties during May. Flight activity and egg laying in OHIO by GREEN FRUITWORM (Lithophane antennata) , L. laticinerea, L. unimoda, and Orthosia hibisci were delayed by an unusually cool March. Egg laying began April 9; adult activity peaked in north-central Ohio during mid-April. Larvae damaged young fruit in apple orchards by June 15. CODLING MOTH (Laspeyresia pomonella) infestations in CALIFORNIA varied consider- ably, probably due to poor timing of treatment. Activity in the Yakima Valley of WASHINGTON was about average. Sex-lure traps captured a precocious male on April 20; male flights peaked in the Yakima Valley May 16-17. First-generation larvae appeared May 27; male flights peaked the week of July 21. Second-generation entries were noted July 14; males were collected the week of August 18. Third generation larvae were found August 28; entries of this brood were more wide- spread and heavier than average at Yakima, Yakima County. It infested all of southwestern IDAHO. Cover sprays gave good control where applied on time. Untreated trees approached 100 percent infestation. In MONTANA 1970 was a light year of damage for commercial growers. Codling moth in UTAH ranged light to moderate in commercial orchards, and often infested 90-100 percent of the fruit in neglected home orchards. Larvae in NEW MEXICO damaged 80-95 percent of the apples in poorly treated or untreated orchards in San Juan and Rio Arriba Counties. Infestations were lighter in Lincoln County. Codling moth in KANSAS infested up to 100 percent and heavily damaged untreated apples in Sumner County during mid-July. The Second generation in WISCONSIN was more prevalent than in 1969, based on blacklight trap collections at Madison, Dane County. The first moth emerged in southern MICHIGAN on May 21. .The first larval entry occurred May 31 in the southwestern area. It produced its usual split first generation. Second-generation moths appeared July 20. No serious damage occurred. By mid-June, first-generation damage was heavier than expected in OHIO, and many entries or attempted entries were evident. Damage to unsprayed fruit trees continued heavy up to July 13 with 16-20 percent of the fruit infested in central Ohio. By September, larvae in a university orchard had damaged 22.9 percent of 200 apples per tree; damage was minor in treated orchards. - 217 - Codling moth in MARYLAND was under control in commercial apple orchards. Injury was light to slightly less noticeable in abandoned apple orchards in Monmouth and Burlington Counties, NEW JERSEY, compared with the past few years. Due to properly applied controls, it has seldom been a problem in commercial orchards during the past 10 years. Apple damage in SOUTH CAROLINA tended to increase in some locations, but has not approached the severe levels of the 1920's to 1940's. ORIENTAL FRUIT MOTH (Grapholitha molesta) numbers were light in OREGON peach orchards. A few moths were found again near Phoenix, Jackson County. One moth was taken in regularly tended bait pots in an orchard near Grants Pass, Josephine County, for a new county record. Infestations in UTAH were controlled. Spring flights were heavy, but only a moderate spread of this new pest was observed. Adults in COLORADO appeared during late April in Mesa County. Moths peaked 3 times: May 6 (1-47 per trap), June 18-23 (2-56 per trap), and July 4-10 (1-36 per trap). Integrated control in peaches was very effective. Larvae in NEW JERSEY were abundant in unsprayed peach twigs and fruit, and were not unusual problems in well-managed orchards. Moths first appeared in Gloucester County orchards the last week of April and peaked during mid-May. LESSER APPLEWORM (Grapholitha prunivora) in NEW YORK has been very minor for many years. Larvae Only injured fruit in abandoned or poorly sprayed apple orchards in the Hudson Valley. FILBERTWORM (Melissopus latiferreanus) moths in OREGON were taken at Eugene, Lane County, in blacklight traps June 26 to August 9. Light traps during peak flights from July 25 to 27 caught a total of 98 moths with the largest catch of 48 on July 26. Increasingly important on prunes in the Willamette Valley, damage was above average in Marion and Polk Counties. PLUM CURCULIO (Conotrachelus nenuphar) ranged light to moderate in untreated apples in Shawnee and Douglas Counties, KANSAS, during late June. Larvae built up on wild plum and moved into peach orchards during mid-July where they caused damage whenever spraying schedules were interrupted. Activity in OKLAHOMA was first noted on cherry trees in Payne County the first week of May. Plum curculio was the most serious pest to fruit of peach, plum, and apple in ALABAMA. In FLORIDA it was not a particular problem as long as spray programs were followed. Unsprayed nectarines and plums were especially vulnerable. In SOUTH CAROLINA it is now primarily a peach problem in home orchards and orchards with reduced fruit crops caused by freezes. In NORTH CAROLINA it was also a minor pest of peaches where a good spray program was followed. Plum curculio was first noted near Glassboro, Gloucester County, NEW JERSEY, on May 12. Numerous stings on tiny apple fruits were noted near Hammonton, Atlantic County, on May 18. Although it was more abundant than during 1969, little injury occurred in commercial apple orchards due to effective insecticides, and no losses occurred in commercial peach orchards. In MICHIGAN it contributed to the annual late June drop of apples, plums, and peaches, but was quickly controlled by standard sprays. More injury occurred on stone fruits, especially cherries, than in previous years, possibly due to the loss of the use of a chlorinated hydrocarbon. Larvae in WISCONSIN infested sour cherries less severely than in 1969 but severely infested apples in Dane County. APPLE CURCULIO (Tachypterellus quadrigibbus) heavily infested cherry trees in central and western TENNESSEE, Adults puncturing the bases of the leaves caused premature drop of 50-100 percent of leaves on many trees. Larvae made fruit unfit for use. APPLE MAGGOT (Rhagoletis pomonella) emerged in MINNESOTA on July 3 in the south- eastern area, but not until August at La Crescent, Houston County, where emergence was delayed by dry conditions. Maggots were generally light; there was only one heavy case reported, this from Rochester, Olmsted County. Numbers declined by the third week in August. In WISCONSIN it was a problem on improperly treated and untreated apples. The first adults emerged in MICHIGAN June 20; shortly thereafter, temperature and rainfall combinations rapidly increased activity. Egg laying began June 30, emergence peaked July 20, and females occurred until October 7. A 10-day schedule of appropriate insecticides maintained control. TL6L ‘802: (FT) TS G *qady *sur *uooq *doop sf TL6T “9% YoreN 4 *aid3y ‘ideq *s’n VaSN eoTATeS yoreasey [eInyTNoTasy UOTSTATC UoT}IAzOIG JULTA uotzoe40q pue AsAtng yoasuT oOTWouCDT ut patedetg ce pe \ re / co nN ! = s \ E 4 a : \ —R2 is i “4 AL i - ee CA cS | _ — - Le ai : x aa; aia eae a Tht - f A 3 : = p eee LU pho a . ; RL r [ f ) ies : = | veal iS es a Dysajoum o0Yy71,0YdDL4) YIOW 4NAy [PYUEIIO yO UOLINqI44SIq - 219 - Apple maggot was abundant and injurious in abandoned orchards and backyard trees, particularly from central NEW JERSEY northward. In Burlington County, adults first appeared during the last week of June. As in previous years, many home- owners lost their entire crop. In RHODE ISLAND it injured poorly protected fruit in Washington County by September ©. Apple maggot appeared to be less abundant than in prior years. Emergence in field cages and in unsprayed cr abandoned apple orchards in MAINE peaked July 22-27. Control was satisfactory in sprayed orchards. Numbers were below normal. WESTERN CHERRY FRUIT FLY (Rhagoletis indifferens) infestations in OREGON were generally lighter in the Willamette Valley cherry crop, even in unsprayed orchards. Throughout central WASHINGTON, however, R. indifferens was a very serious problem on commercial and home trees. Maggots infested 50-75 percent of the fruit on home trees in the north-central area. Many commercial blocks near towns had extreme difficulties obtaining adequate control. Packers turned back cherry fruit throughout much of the cherry areas causing several thousand dollars of loss to growers. Half of the shippers suspended out-of-State shipments because of infested fruit. In MONTANA, R. indifferens was a pest in Lincoln, Mineral, Sanders, and Flathead Counties. BLACK CHERRY FRUIT FLY (R. fausta) first emerged in Jackson County June 5 in MICHIGAN. This fruit fly and CHERRY FRUIT FLY (R. cingulata) emerged June 8 in the southwestern area, and June 15 at Hart and Shelby, Oceana County, northward. Fly activity demanded carefully timed sprays from then until cherry harvest to preclude egg laying. PEAR PSYLLA (Psylla pyricola) was generally heavy on pears in CALIFORNIA, persisting late into the year. Numbers in Jackson County, OREGON, were largely suppressed by a hot summer and damage was below normal; early sprays were effective. In Hood River County, although early season controls were not as effective as those applied last year, numbers for the rest of the season were light and damage was below 1969's probably due to a prolonged, hot summer. In WASHINGTON moderate to heavy numbers, as high as 100 per tray sample, of over- wintered adults infested pear orchards in late February and March; control was difficult where early sprays were not applied or were ineffective. Pear psylla occurs in all areas of southwestern IDAHO--Ada, Canyon, Gem, Owyhee, Payette, and Washington Counties. The lack of a dormant spray in most orchards allowed a large first generation to occur, but cover sprays during the growing season gave adequate control. In UTAH it has spread to southern Box Elder County orchards. In Weber County, control was good, but numbers were moderately high on unsprayed orchards and trees. In MICHIGAN, resistance to an organic phosphate and a carbamate became more widespread. The economics of pear production qnd a diminishing choice of control measures make psylla control most difficult. In NEW YORK, although pear psylla was not as serious as in 1969, it continued to be a problem, mainly due to resistance or tolerance to insecticides. The degree ‘of resistance varied from area to area across the State. More oil will probably be used in 1971's control programs. Pear psylla lightly infested pear in RHODE ISLAND from August 20 into October. APPLE APHID (Aphis pomi), ROSY APPLE APHID (Dysaphis plantaginea), and WOOLLY APPLE APHID (Eriosoma lanigerum) were commonly damaging in various UTAH orchards during spring. A. pomi built up in the apple areas of SOUTH CAROLINA; certain phosphate insecticides did not give control. D. plantaginea was not as Severe as in past years but fairly severe on apples and leaves in Some South Carolina locations. In MICHIGAN the normal early season nuisance of A. pomi and D. plantaginea was prolonged by an unseasonally damp, cool June. Hatching in MARYLAND April 24, A. pomi remained light during spring. Infestations were kept under control in commercial orchards with spray schedules. Abundant in NEW JERSEY, D. plantaginea and A. pomi curled leaves in many commercial apple orchards by early May. Aphicides in early cover sprays reduced numbers so that injury was not Significant. A. pomi damage in MAINE to the new terminal growth on apples was the heaviest in Several years. Up to 100 aphids per newly unfolded leaf were common from the last half of June into the last part of July. Due to the resultant sooty mold, a higher percentage of apples was used for cider. - 220 - GREEN PEACH APHID (Myzus persicae) was reported on peach from Spartanburg County, SOUTH CAROLINA. Abundant in many peach orchards in southern NEW JERSEY, many leaves were cupped by May 15 due to M. persicae feeding. Numbers declined by early June due to widespread migrations to alternate hosts. No lasting injury to peaches occurred. M. persicae in MICHIGAN, however, has become an increasing problem in many peach orchards, particularly since the cancellation of chlorinated hydrocarbon and organic phosphate combinations. M. persicae conspicuously curled peach foliage during spring over much of UTAH. BLACK CHERRY APHID (M. cerasi) was also commonly damaging in various Utah orchards during spring. BLACK PEACH APHID (Brachycaudus persicae) was reported on peach at Clemson, Oconee County, SOUTH CAROLINA. RUSTY PLUM APHID (Hysteroneura setariae) and MEALY PLUM APHID (Hyalopterus pruni) commonly infested plums during Spring in UTAH. TARNISHED PLANT BUG (Lygus lineolaris) adults in northern FLORIDA injured twigs and small peach fruit during April. Numbers throughout NEW JERSEY were slightly higher than in 1969. In one commercial peach orchard, crop loss was light but significant. Tarnished plant bug increased throughout NEW YORK on apples, pears, and peaches. During early spring heavy numbers seriously injured developing buds of apples and pears in prebloom stage in some cases. SOUTHERN GREEN STINK BUG (Nezara viridula) was severe in northern FLORIDA peach orchards during May and June, immediately preceeding and during harvest. Much of the fruit was injured. A STINK BUG (Euschistus conspersus) in OREGON caused light feeding damage to peaches and pears at Medford, Jackson County. WHITE PEACH SCALE (Pseudaulacaspis pentagona) has become the more important scale insect on peach and plum along with several other nonfruit host plants in south- ern and central ALABAMA. Moderate numbers in FLORIDA lightly damaged peach during fall in Saint Johns County and continued to be a problem in some orchards, particularly the fourth (overwintering) generation. It was still a problem on peach in Orangeburg County, SOUTH CAROLINA. SAN JOSE SCALE (Quadraspidiotus perniciosus) in UTAH, was still a problem in some Weber, Salt Lake, Box Elder, and Davis County orchards. It continued to be the most important scale on peach, apple, pear, and plum in northern and central ALABAMA, In FLORIDA it was a problem in orchards and nurseries where no spray program was followed. In MARYLAND it increased rapidly at Hancock, Washington County; about 600 acres of apples needed controls. WHITE APPLE LEAFHOPPER (Typhlocyba pomaria) in MARYLAND was light at Smithsburg, Washington County, and at Westminster, Carroll County, during late June. This pest has become troublesome to apple orchardists during the past few years. Detection and timely control measures have kept it below the economic threshold. Control of T. pomaria was difficult in many MICHIGAN orchards. In UTAH, T. pomaria was numerous in neglected home orchards and light to moderate in commercial orchards. PRUNE LEAFHOPPER (Edwardsiana prunicola) in Utah was numerous on prune foliage at Perry and Willard, Box Elder County. PERIODICAL CICADA (Magicicada septendecim) was found in the fruit belt of south-—- central and southeastern PENNSYLVANIA. Populations were below predictions. Mostly considered a minor pest, numbers were moderate in a few orchards. In OHIO, brood X, the largest brood occurring in the State, emerged May 21 and soon covered the west-central area. Emergence lasted about 7 days. Mating and egg laying began around June 4 and ended by mid-June. Egg laying had little effect on most orchards as many growers were warned and prepared. Many homeowners, however, complained of the nuisance of cast skins and "Singing." In a Fairfield County orchard, deter- mination of nearly 500 specimens revealed 75 percent M. septendecim, and 25 percent M. cassini and M. septendecula. Because few reports were received outside the expected area of emergence, Little change is anticipated for the 1987 distribution. eS = 221 = A CICADA (Diceroprocta apache) emerged abundantly during early July in the Salt River Valley, Maricopa County, ARIZONA. Much tip damage occurred on apricot, peach, and plum. Egg laying damage and a long hot, dry summer, killed many young trees. CALIFORNIA PEARSLUG (Pristiphora abbreviata) damaged 5-60 percent of the leaves in individual pear orchards near Toppenish, Yakima County, WASHINGTON. PEARSLUG (Caliroa cerasi) injury in UTAH ranged light to moderate on susceptible fruits and ornamental shrubs. C. cerasi severely defoliated cherry trees in some NEW MEXICO areas. i EUROPEAN RED MITE (Panonychus ulmi) was a problem on peach, almond, and prune in some CALIFORNIA districts. In north-central WASHINGTON it was serious in many pear and some apple orchards with several instances of resistance. European red mite, one of two major mites on fruit in southwestern IDAHO, infested mainly apples and pears. The delayed dormant spray was applied so late in the season that eggs hatched before spraying. Summer sprays effectively held numbers below an economic level. European red mite replaced MCDANIEL SPIDER MITE (Tetranychus mcdanieli) in dominance in many northern Utah County apple orchards during 1969 and 1970 in UTAH. European red mite buildups in MICHIGAN developed slowly until early June due to temperature and humidity relationships unfavorable to optimum adult activity and egg development. Several hot, humid spells in July accelerated the use of summer miticides. Hatch began in central OHIO by April 29. Apple trees were in early bloom. On May 1 with apple trees in full bloom, counts averaged 1.2 per leaf. Counts decreased to 0.35 per leaf by May 6, and predators were noted. Counts were heavy in Hamilton County during early June. European red mite infestations in SOUTH CAROLINA were scattered on apples at Long Creek, Oconee County, on April 22. In NORTH CAROLINA it was the most important pest of commercial apples. Counts peaked in July and August with over 50 mites per leaf in some orchards. Predaceous mites in the family Phytoseiidae were effective in orchards using integrated control. Counts were also very abundant on peaches at Salisbury, Rowan County. On July 14, counts ranged 20-32 (averaged 27.6) per inch of lower leaf surface in the most heavily infested areas. In general, numbers on the outside leaves were heavier than on those within the crowns of the trees. Counts throughout NEW JERSEY were slightly more abundant and troublesome than in 1969. Apple leaf bronzing was not uncommon in early August. Significantly more acaricides were applied than in 1969 although economic injury was considered light. In NEW YORK it was not a serious problem where control efforts were made. It built up slowly with moderate to heavy numbers in some areas by late summer. In RHODE ISLAND, European red mite lightly infested apple in Washington County July 17-24 and for the rest of the season. Overwintered eggs began hatching in Hampshire and Worcester Counties, MASSACHUSETTS, by May 4. Counts remained fewer than 1 adult per leaf until about July 3 when 168 were found on 50 McIntosh apple leaves in Hampshire County. Numbers were heavy on apple trees during late July and August and peaked during the week ending August 28 when 6,740 mites were found on 100 Delicious apple leaves in Hampshire County. Leaves were obviously bronzed. Numbers declined rapidly in August. Hatch on apples in central MAINE began May 10 and ended in 10 days. Counts were higher than normal with averages of up to 100 per leaf during July and August. Acaricides were required during Summer. TWOSPOTTED SPIDER MITE (Tetranychus urticae) in CALIFORNIA was probably the most common and most damaging mite on fruit and nut trees. In OREGON,mainly T. urticae and EUROPEAN RED MITE (Panonychus ulmi) built up to epidemic proportions in Jackson County pear orchards due to above normal summer temperatures. Predators were unable to keep up and control them. Damage was much higher than in 1969. By the end of the season, pear blocks subject to integrated control exhibited as good results as those under chemical control alone. MCDANIEL SPIDER MITE (Tetranychus mcdanieli) was largely held in check by predators in 5 out of 6 = 222 = experimental orchards in The Dalles, Wasco County; very little damage was evident. In Hood River County, T. urticae and T. mcdanieli caused more damage this year than in 1969, while damage from P. ulmi was comparable with 1969. In WASHINGTON, T, urticae and T, mcdanieli damaged pears more than in 1969, but were not highly damaging to apples due to predator mites. One of two major mites on fruit in southwestern IDAHO, T. mcdanieli infested all pome and stone fruits. Numbers were low all season because more growers followed an integrated control program in the area, two new sprays for CODLING MOTH (Laspeyresia pomonella) were not as deterimental to mite predators as the standard control measures, and an unfavorably cool spring and summer. The predators were Metaseiulus occidentalis (a phytoseiid mite), lacewings, lady beetles, and thrips. Dominant in northern and central UTAH orchards for several years, T. mcdanieli has been replaced by P., ulmi. T. mcdanieli was a problem in apple orchards throughout NEW MEXICO, during the late Summer. Twospotted spider mite in SOUTH CAROLINA was generally heavy on apples in the foothills of Anderson and Oconee Counties and very heavy by mid-June on unsprayed apples. Numbers in NORTH CAROLINA were moderate on peaches at the research station of Raleigh, Wake County. On July 13, the heaviest concentration was on the suckers within the crowns of the trees with 5-29 (averaged 25) per inch of lower leaf surface. Numbers and injury were practically nonexistent in NEW JERSEY apple orchards. In NEW YORK,moderate numbers appeared in some orchards late in the season, but did not present a serious problem. Twospotted spider mite lightly infested apples between July 17 and 24 in Washington County, RHODE ISLAND. First reported on June 29 in MAINE, it increased rapidly on apples and persisted up to harvest so that special sprays were necessary. Because of the dry spell, the problem was greater than usual, but damage was kept to a minimum in properly managed orchards. FALL WEBWORM (Hyphantria cunea) infestations in SOUTH CAROLINA were the heaviest in years on pecans in the upper Coastal Plain. Larvae tended to move toward houses to cocoon and thus created a problem in Clarendon and Orangeburg Counties. The second-generation became heavy in ALABAMA with 10-50 webs per pecan tree in much of the southwest area, especially in Elmore, Montgomery, Dale, Escambia, Mobile, Baldwin, and Marengo Counties. In OKLAHOMA, mating and egg laying occurred in several south-central, central, and north-central counties the last week of May. First hatching of the Season was observed the same week in Murray County. Counts ranged moderate to heavy on pecan trees in the central and south-—- central counties during July and August and were generally light to moderate in the north-central and northeastern areas. HICKORY SHUCKWORM (LaspeyreSia caryana) larvae infested a large percentage of pecan nuts in Horry and Pickens Counties, SOUTH CAROLINA. The overwintering population in FLORIDA began emerging in February reaching a peak during period April 6-12. A late fourth generation or possibly a fifth generation infested large numbers of shucks from mature nuts. Much grower concern was evident but damage to the kernel quality was negligible. Hickory shuckworm was one of the major pests of pecans throughout ALABAMA with serious losses to nuts and quality. Infestations ranged light to moderate in most areas of OKLAHOMA during September and November. PECAN NUT CASEBEARER (Acrobasis caryae) was found for the first time in pecan nutlets in Chaves County, NEW MEXICO, during summer of 1970. Bands were placed upon trees throughout TEXAS during April to detect adult emergence. First pupae from the spring brood were observed on April 23 in Maverick County. Emergence of spring-brood adults was essentially complete by late May. Considerable damage occurred in Texas where control measures were not employed. The first eggs in OKLAHOMA were found on May 22 in Marshall County. Cool, damp weather delayed hatching in some areas. First-generation damage ranged moderate to heavy in unsprayed orchards throughout most pecan areas during June. By July 10, second- generation larvae were present in Bryan County and first-generation pupae and newly emerged adults were present in Tulsa County. Second-generation damage was generally light except in Bryan County. Second-generation pupae were present in - 223 - Rogers County the last week of August. Larvae of this pyralid were heavy in pecans in ALABAMA during the first and second generations and accounted for some nut losses in the central and southern areas. Pecan nut casebearer and PECAN LEAF CASEBEARER (A. juglandis) were pests of pecans in FLORIDA only where an active spray program was not followed. NAVEL ORANGEWORM (Paramyelois transitella) remained the number one pest of almonds and walnuts in CALIFORNIA. PECAN WEEVIL (Curculio caryae) was found in Otero County, NEW MEXICO, for a new State record in 1970. Larvae were found in pecan nuts; larvae, pupae, and adults were collected from soil during summer; and adults were trapped during late August and early September. Treatment of 15 trees in the known infested area began in September and continued at weekly intervals until October 18. Nuts were removed from trees on October 24 and cracked aS soon as husks dried in November. No larvae were found. Surveys of trees and nuts at Alamogordo and Tularosa have been negative. Adult emergence in OKLAHOMA was light in Payne County the first week of August, heavy in Rogers County the first three weeks of September, and the heaviest in Tulsa County in late September. Most heavy counts occurred in the northeastern area. Damage has become more widespread and severe in ALABAMA, especially in the southern and central sections. Pecan weevil is increasing in importance in FLORIDA. Adult emergence began in July and continued into December. TWIG GIRDLER (Oncideres cingulata) infestations on pecans were the heaviest in years in SOUTH CAROLINA at Several locations in the upper Piedmont, especially in Anderson and York Counties. This pest was first active on pecan in Bryan County, OKLAHOMA, during late September. WALNUT APHID (Chromaphis juglandicola) was light and below normal on English walnuts in UTAH. BLACKMARGINED APHID (Monellia costalis), BLACK PECAN APHID (Tinocallis caryaefoliae) and Monelliopsis nigropunctata caused sticky foliage and Some discoloration on pecans in Washington County during spring and early summer. Monelliopsis caryae was common on black walnut throughout Utah and occaSionally made foliage Sticky. Monelliopsis tuberculata and M. californica were very common on this host throughout the northern part of the State. In CALIFORNIA, biocontrol of walnut aphid was outstanding for the first time this season in some districts. Blackmargined aphid required treatment in numerous pecan orchards in ARIZONA. Infestations were heavy during mid-May at Safford, Graham County. In Yuma County, reoccurring populations were noted from June through October. Black pecan aphid and blackmargined aphid were heavy and damaged pecan foliage in Otero County, NEW MEXICO. Scattered light to heavy infestations in commercial plantings required treatment in Dona Ana and Luna Counties. Black pecan aphid, blackmargined aphid, and Monelliopsis nigropunctata were serious on pecans in southern and central ALABAMA. Black pecan aphid was the more important species. Infestations of these aphids, along with other pests, diseases, and unfavorable environmental conditions, resulted in the lowest pecan production in the State since 1964. The yield from 925,000 trees was estimated at 15 million pounds compared with 33.5 million pounds in 1969. This is an approximate loss of $10 million. Further loss is expected in 1971 as a possible result of a poor crop caused by leaf drop during the 1970 season. Black pecan aphid was extremely light on pecans in SOUTH CAROLINA at the start of the season but increased toward normal as the season progressed. PECAN LEAF PHYLLOXERA (Phylloxera notabilis) was found on pecans at several locations in SOUTH CAROLINA, including Edgefield County. In TENNESSEE, this phylloxera caused light to moderate damage to leaves and twigs of pecan trees throughout the State. In OKLAHOMA, Phylloxera spp. infested scattered pecan trees in the northeastern, central, and south-central areas by mid-May. Adults emerged in most areas the last week of May. - 224 - PECAN SPITTLEBUG (Clastoptera achatina) appeared frequently on pecans in Edgefield and Saluda Counties, SOUTH CAROLINA, but dry conditions during the year evident— ally held this pest in check. WALNUT HUSK FLY (Rhagoletis completa) was reported from two new western OREGON counties. Adults were collected in Frick traps in Marion County and larvae were found infesting English and black walnuts in Washington County. The infested nuts were destroyed and it is not known if this pest is established in Washington County. First adults of the season were reported from Grants Pass, Josephine County, July 15. Emergence began in Wasco, Hood River, Multnomah, Lane, and Douglas Counties during the period of July 20-24. Peaks occurred in Douglas County the last week of July, in Jackson County the first week of August, and in Wasco County the third week of August. Walnut husk fly was very heavy and widespread in CALIFORNIA, requiring considerable treatment. Dooryard treatment has reduced the incidence of this pest in these trees. In UTAH, larval infesta- tions were general in English and black walnuts from Utah and Tooele Counties northward, including Cache County. TWOSPOTTED SPIDER MITE (Tetranychus urticae) was probably the most common and most damaging mite on nut trees in CALIFORNIA. CITRUS Highlights: CITRUS RUST MITE was a general problem on Florida citrus. CITRUS RED MITE was very heavy in most citrus areas of California. An ARMORED SCALE infested more groves and at a higher density than in the first quarter of any year in Florida. Further spread and increase are expected. WHITEFLY infestations were the heaviest in 18 years in Florida. CITRUS THRIPS was very severe in southern California and required treatment throughout the year in Arizona. SOUTHERN GREEN STINK BUG heavily damaged citrus fruit and was difficult to control in Florida. CITRUS RUST MITE (Phyllocoptruta oleivora) was a general problem on citrus in FLORIDA, and was heavy and above normal most of the year. Infestations were moderate or heavy in about 40 percent of the groves in January and February. From April to mid-May and again in late June infestations were economic in 44 percent of the groves. By the end of July, P. oleivora had increased to a very high level. Counts for October were the highest in I9 years of record. During November, numbers decreased but were the highest in 19 years for late November. At this time about 70 percent of the groves had economic infestations compared to the normal of 48 percent. CITRUS RED MITE (Panonychus citri) was very heavy in most citrus areas of CALIFORNIA, and YUMA SPIDER MITE (Eotetranychus yumensis) was building up late in the season in Imperial County. Citrus red mite was detected on citrus trees in several retail nurseries at Phoenix, Maricopa County, and at Tucson, Pima County, ARIZONA, during early March. The situation was kept under control by public cooperation and the infested trees were treated. It is hoped that P. citri will not survive the winter at Phoenix or Tucson. Additional surveys are underway. Citrus red mite did not reach high levels in FLORIDA until June, and continued above normal and in high range during July. The population began decreasing in August and by fall was nearly normal and generally remained in the low range. Economic infestations reached a high during late June when this mite was at economic levels in 49 percent of the groves. Lowest economic levels of 8 percent occurred in October. SIXSPOTTED MITE (Eotetranychus sexmaculatus) was generally at very low levels and below normal most of the year in FLORIDA. Levels were highest from late May to early June when 5 percent of the citrus groves had economic infestations. A few scattered groves developed important infestations in June. Infestations of TEXAS CITRUS MITE (Eutetranychus banksi) in Florida were below normal and at very = 225 = low to low levels during the first half of the year. Moderate levels were reached in July but then decreased, with levels remaining low for the rest of year. The number of groves having economic infestations ranged 2 to 38 percent, the latter occurring in mid-July. E. banksi was found in a lemon grove on Yuma Mesa, Yuma County, ARIZONA, in mid-November. Counts averaged 23.73 mites per leaf in mid- December. Additional light infestations were found in adjacent groves and one 5.4 miles away. CITRUS FLAT MITE (Brevipalpus lewisi) was building up on citrus in the Bard Valley of Imperial County, CALIFORNIA, late in the year. Infestations were heaviest during mid-June and mid-August in Yuma County, ARIZONA. Heavy numbers were found on a variety of citrus trees at Tacna during July, and required 2 applications to effect control. SCALE INSECTS were troublesome in Florida and California citrus this year. GLOVER SCALE (Lepidosaphes gloverii) populations in FLORIDA built up to a peak during May, June, and July but were at normal levels. At this time infestations were economic in 18 percent of the groves. An ARMORED SCALE (Unaspis citri) occurred in more groves, 25 percent, and at a higher density than in the first quarter of any prior year, but was not very active until late in March. Popula- tions in April, May, and June were higher mainly due to the occurrence of new infestations rather than to an increase in groves already infested. By mid-July this scale reached a record high level, decreased slightly in August, and was again at the highest level on record by mid-September. At that time 28 percent of the survey groves had infestations and the infestations in 15 percent of the groves were moderate or heavy. Populations were the highest on record for October. Levels continued very high during November. Further spread and intensi- fication of this scale are expected. CALIFORNIA RED SCALE (Aonidiella aurantii) required chemical controls in citrus at many locations in CALIFORNIA. BLACK SCALE (Saissetia oleae) was spotty through- out California, but more abundant than previous years. Biocontrol was not as effective as normal. Black scale decreased to the lowest March level since 1963 in FLORIDA; due mainly to low temperatures in January. This scale remained very scarce in April and continued below normal despite a rapid increase in June. The seasonal peak was reached in July but was below the normal level. Economic infestations occurred in 59 percent of the groves, the norm being 63 percent. Populations declined in the fall, but were still above the normal levels for October and November. MEALYBUGS were very scarce on FLORIDA citrus through mid-May then increased rapidly to the normal high level at the end of the June peak. Populations continued high from July through mid-August, then slowly declined. Mealybugs remained above average through September and counts were the highest in 19 years of record. When populations peaked in early summer 38 percent of the groves had economic infestations. CITRUS MEALYBUG (Planococcus citri) was prevalent in coastal Santa Barbara County and present in other coastal citrus areas of CALIFORNIA. Larvae and pupae of CITRUS WHITEFLY (Dialeurodes citri) and CLOUDYWINGED WHITEFLY (D. citrifolii) began the year above normal and at a high level in FLORIDA. Population levels in March were the highest in 19 years of record. These pests infested 61 percent of the groves with 35 percent harboring moderate or heavy infestations. Whiteflies continued above normal with the May and June levels the greatest in 18 years of record in Florida. In June, 88 percent of the groves were infested and 10 percent had heavy infestations; however, little damage was evident. Heavy infestations occurred in 16 percent of the groves in July. Record high levels were noted during July, August, and September. A downward trend had begun by October, but infestations were still above normal. Infestations were economic in 18 percent of the groves. Whiteflies had decreased to moderate levels by November, with only 2 percent of the groves having economic infestations. CITRUS THRIPS (Scirtothrips citri) was very severe in southern CALIFORNIA and present in varying degrees in other citrus areas. Treatments were required - 226 - throughout the year in commercial citrus nurseries in Yuma County, ARIZONA. Citrus thrips is the number one pest to new-budded nursery stock. Spray programs, after bloom, were conducted in groves in Yuma and Maricopa Counties. MELON APHID (Aphis gossypii) was the most prevalent species on citrus in CALIFORNIA. Melon aphid was heavy on new growth of many citrus trees in the Salt River Valley in Maricopa County, ARIZONA, from mid-March through April. SOUTHERN GREEN STINK BUG (Nezara viridula) caused heavy damage to citrus fruits during summer and fall in the Hastings area of Saint Johns County, FLORIDA. Control was difficult. BEET ARMYWORM (Spodoptera exigua) larvae damaged young citrus buds and new growth in ARIZONA. However, the larvae were unable to complete a life cycle on this host. OTHER TROP. & SUBTROP., FRUITS A LEAFHOPPER (Idona minuenda) was found for the first time in CALIFORNIA on Brazil peppertrees at Pomona, Los Angeles County, on January 12, 1970. Brazil peppertree is not a recorded host. SMALL FRUITS WESTERN GRAPELEAF SKELETONIZER (HarriSina brillians) damage was more severe than during the past 14 years in Washington County, UTAH. Some damage was also reported from San Juan County. In NEVADA, infestations were light at Las Vegas, Clark County, during spring. Populations and damage were above normal by fall in Clark County. Medium populations were observed at Goodsprings. Larvae of a TORTRICID MOTH (Archips georgiana) completely devastated the blueberry crop in abandoned NEW JERSEY fields in 1969 and 1970. Damage was moderate in some cultivated fields in 1969, but in 1970 control efforts were satisfactory. REDBANDED LEAF ROLLER (Argyrotaenia velutinana) has often been observed in cultivated blueberries in New Jersey. Economic infestations developed in several fields late in August. Most of these fields were located close to apple orchards. ORANGE TORTRIX (A. citrana) larvae were observed feeding in caneberries in Multnomah County, OREGON, in March. Early activity was apparently due to unusually mild and warm weather during February. CRANBERRY FRUITWORM (Acrobasis vaccinii) eggs were first observed in NEW JERSEY on May 25 and entries were found on May 29. Entries into blueberries occurred from May 29 to June 13 and peaked about June 4. Infestations were generally much lighter than normal and confined mostly to Weymouth, Rancocas, and Concord blueberry varieties. A GRACILLARIID MOTH (Gracillaria vacciniella) was very abundant in many fields in Atlantic County, New Jersey in 1970. Several fields had more than 50 percent of the leaves infested. This pest was considerably less abundant on wild blueberry bushes and in cultivated fields in Burlington County where spraying was not as intensive. This pest apparently does not affect pro- duction of blueberries, but mechanical harvesters vibrate them off bushes into the mass of berries where their presence down grades quality. CHERRY FRUITWORM (Grapholitha packardi) infestations in NEW JERSEY was light. GRAPE BERRY MOTH (Paralobesia viteana) larvae were unusually damaging to grape berries in a few vineyards in the "Dixie" area of Washington County, UTAH. IMPORTED CURRANTWORM (Nematus ribesii) was common in black currants growing along fence rows in the State. STRAWBERRY CROWN MOTH (Synanthedon bibionipennis) and STRAWBERRY CROWNMINER (Aristotelia fragariae) damaged 90 percent of 0.5 acre of strawberries in early May at Brush Prairie, Clark County, WASHINGTON. CURRANT BORER (S. tipuliformis) was light on currants in the Oregon City area of Clackamas County, OREGON, in mid-March. OMNIVOROUS LOOPER (Sabulodes caberata) waS an increasing pest of grape vineyards in CALIFORNIA. Tt oe - 227 - STRAWBERRY LEAFROLLER (Ancylis comptana fragariae) was moderately abundant during spring in Cache and Salt Lake Counties, UTAH. This leafroller was the most commonly reported pest of small fruits in INDIANA, replacing Altica chalybea (grape flea beetle) in importance on these crops. GRAPE ROOT BORER (Vitacea polistiformis) severely damaged grape vineyards in York, Chester, and Union Counties, SOUTH CAROLINA. Damage was reported about April 1. Pupation occurred in Union County about July l. Adults of STRAWBERRY ROOT WEEVIL (Brachyrhinus ovatus), B. rugosostriatus, and less commonly BLACK VINE WEEVIL (B. Sulcatus) were unusually numerous in northern and central UTAH. Damage to strawberry and raspberry roots was most common. Adults of B. Singularis in WASHINGTON destroyed 50 percent of the buds in 0.5 acre of Willamette raspberries at Puyallup, Pierce County, by early May, but did not affect a 0.5-acre planting of Sumner raspberries. STRAWBERRY WEEVIL (Anthonomus signatus) became a recent problem in MICHIGAN. The frequency of economic damage to Strawberries increased from southern to northern counties, including the Upper Peninsula. About 60-70 percent loss of fruit buds was observed in several 2 and 3-year-old plantings. This pest damaged blossoms on commercial blackberries in 3 separate fields in Putnam County, FLORIDA, during early April. PLUM CURCULIO (Conotrachelus nenuphar) remains a minor pest of blue- berries where a good spray program is followed in NORTH CAROLINA. Adults were jarred from blueberry bushes in NEW JERSEY on May 12, but egg punctures were not noted in the field until May 15. Infestations were generally much lighter than normal. Migrations of a SAP BEETLE (Stelidota geminata) into strawberry plantings coincided with harvest in MICHIGAN. Much loss occurred with late harvest. Weekly bait applications gave satisfactory control. Adults of a FLEA BEETLE (Altica sp.) damaged buds and young leaves of grapes in Mayes County, OKLAHOMA, during late April and early May. Plants grew normally after controls were applied but very little fruit was produced on infested vines. SUGARBEET WIREWORM (Limonius californicus) killed many grape plants near Caldwell, Canyon County, IDAHO. BLUEBERRY MAGGOT (Rhagoletis mendax) adults were first trapped on baited sticky- board traps on June 12 in NEW JERSEY. This was 3 days later than in 1969 and 3 days earlier than in 1968. There was the usual prolonged flight period lasting through August, and peaks occurred from July 6 to July 18. Last instars were found in the field on July 8. Adult trap collections were heavier than in 1969, but larval infestations were much lighter. There was a Sharp decline of larval infestations after July 21, although adults continued to be trapped. A warm drought period may have contributed to this. Blueberry maggot adults in NORTH CAROLINA emerged the week of May 30 and peaked June 22 to July 7. A total of 280 adults were caught in 6 blueberry fields (4-10 acres) in Pender County on 28 baited sticky boards per field. This was one-tenth the number taken during the same period in 1969. Larvae appeared the week of June 15 and peaked June 29 to July 13. A total of 1,562 larvae were collected from 54 quarts of randomly picked berries between June 15 and July 27. This was five times the number collected during the same period in 1969. Some fields had been aerially treated 3 times. TWOSPOTTED SPIDER MITE (Tetranychus urticae) infested strawberries in Spartanburg County, SOUTH CAROLINA. This pest was found throughout the year and severely damaged strawberries at Bradenton in Manatee County, FLORIDA. MCDANIEL SPIDER MITE (Tetranychus mcdanieli) damage to raspberry foliage in UTAH was late in developing and less severe generally. Some damage occurred to red currant and gooseberry foliage. REDBERRY MITE (Acalitus essigi) caused 30-40 percent fruit loss on 40 acres of evergreen blackberries in the Junction City area of Linn County, OREGON. Over- wintering adults were light to moderate in fruit spurs of thornless evergreen blackberries grown in Marion County during October. BLUEBERRY BUD MITE (Acalitus vaccinii) infestations were light in NEW JERSEY and were observed only on Rancocas and Weymouth blueberry varieties. = 228 —- OLIVE SCALE (Parlatoria oleae) was found on olive trees and fruit in a few seattered locations in CALIFORNIA. VIRGINIACREEPER LEAFHOPPER (Erythroneura ziczac) and other species discolored home plantings of susceptible grape Varieties in UTAH. A LARGID BUG (Largus cinctus californicus) was more abundant than normal and damaged bushberry plants and fruit and strawberry fruit in CALIFORNIA. WESTERN FLOWER THRIPS (Frankliniella occidentalis) infested bushberry truits at harvest which seriously affected marketings of berries in Fresno County. TARNISHED PLANT BUG (Lygus lineolaris) increased throughout NEW YORK on strawberries, blackberries, and raspberries. Numbers were heavy in early spring. Injury varied but was extensive in some plantings. i UNITED STATES DEPARTMENT OF AGRICULTURE Hyattsville, Maryland 20782 OFFICIAL BUSINESS 9080 USENLINATAL22 03001 9001 US ENTOMOLOGY LIBRARY DEPT ENTOM NATIONAL MUSEUM WASHINGTON DC 20560 POSTAGE & FEES PAID United States Department of Agriculture PS “422 VOL. 21 No. 15 Eve, FS a a ee 433 Cooperative ECONOMIC INSECT REPORT LD “4 APR1i 4 1971 LIBRARIES Issued by PLANT PROTECTION DIVISION AGRICULTURAL RESEARCH SERVICE UNITED STATES DEPARTMENT OF AGRICULTURE April 9, 1971 AGRICULTURAL RESEARCH SERVICE PLANT PROTECTION DIVISION ECONOMIC INSECT SURVEY AND DETECTION The Cooperative Economic Insect Report is issued weekly as a service to American Agriculture. Its contents are compiled from information supplied by cooperating State, Federal, and industrial entomologists and other agricul- tural workers. In releasing this material the Division serves aS a clearing house and does not assume responsi- bility for accuracy of the material. To facilitate mailroom handling, all reports, inquiries and other matters pertaining to this release, including the mailing list, should be sent to: , The Editors, CEIR Economic Insect Survey and Detection Plant Protection Division, ARS, USDA Federal Center Building Hyattsville, Maryland 20782 Volume 21 April OF 1971 Number 15 COOPERATIVE ECONOMIC INSECT REPORT HIGHLIGHTS Current Conditions BEET LEAFHOPPER surveys indicate overwintering adult populations heavier than in 1970 in south-central Idaho. GREENBUG heavy on wheat and SPOTTED ALFALFA APHID heavy on alfalfa in Oklahoma. (p. 231). EUROPEAN CORN BORER survival lower than normal in portions of Illinois. (p. 231). BROWN WHEAT MITE heavy on wheat in Nevada and Oklahoma. (p. 231). ALFALFA WEEVIL larval damage expected to be heavier in 1971 in southern Illinois. @e 23:2), - Detection New State records include an ARMORED SCALE from Florida (p. 235) and a CHIGGER MITE from Oregon (p. 249). For new county records see page 236. Special Reports Summary of Insect Conditions in the United States - 1970. Man and Animals (pp. 239-249). Households and Structures (pp. 249-251). Stored Products (pp. 251-252). Beneficial Insects (pp. 252-256). Japanese Beetle Quarantines. Map. Centerfold. Distribution of Face Fly. Map. (p. 240). Distribution of Brown Recluse Spider. Map. (p. 248). Some First Occurrences of Season ARMY CUTWORM larvae in Wyoming. SPOTTED CUCUMBER BEETLE adults in Oklahoma. WESTERN YELLOWSTRIPED ARMYWORM adults in Washington. PEA APHID in Utah. BEAN LEAF BEETLE in Tennessee. PEAR PSYLLA eggs in Utah. EASTERN TENT CATERPILLAR larvae in Maryland and Virginia. SPRING CANKERWORM adult males in Michigan, Pennsylvania, Nebraska, Kansas; female in Kentucky. ELM LEAF BEETLE adult in Utah, SWEETPOTATO WEEVIL damage in Florida. ALFALFA WEEVIL eggs in Nevada and Colorado, adults in Utah and Michigan. Reports in this issue are for week ending April 2 unless otherwise indicated. - 229 - = 230) — CONTENTS Special insectsvofeResionalisSionacttC anc ena cjeiejoleteie eleleratelaneteiorerclcnctonenerelcicioienerercneiiee ont Insects Affecting Corn, Sorghum, Sugarcane......-....231 Deciduous Fruits and Nuts.........233 SJmewlil Cress 5 osoo0ooddcbodDoCOoDD DOO me Cus s5000000b0000bb age bOb OOO oO Ow a4! HOTA ew He oUMeS i reteteleloletelsvereiohelclakctelenereher ao Forest and Shade TreeS.....ccc.cceota4 SOWIAMNS 5500060000 bc 000000 DDD COO COD Ome) Manian eAmtintarl!Syporetelcictetsllclelicictercteleleneretc ors) COUWUOMso 0000 500b 0 bA0ODDODDDD DOOD DOD OAaS Households and Structures.........236 General Vercetalplesycicletelelclelenelalslenel icici ZOO Benet calail’ IMSS ES lerdag il ere eis) os ore a yea te ree eUe Tae ete e eres arene eee SG hederal and Sitjaite ee lanity Protections Programseerastaciiebioteliciee cies DEGSC LAO yonenereyclenelelcleielohelslolelSMO1104 SV vauyv G3ivinoay WwW WOYS S3a1DILYY G3aivin93y JO LNAWSAOW 3HL NO GA3ASOdWI JYV SNOILDINLS3Y B eae eee pee eco eels eneser’ SY Sagat ree a “STIOT INV CGaLVINOAN ONTAON HOA SINDWUINDAY NV NOLLVINOTY JOIANSS HOYVASIY TWWHYNLINIDIYOV JUNLINDIYSVY 4O LNIWLYVdId ‘sn SSNILNVYVNO 31L3358 SS3SNVdWe “S3TI1L4Y GalvINnosY 40 1ST 4O3 3G 3SuSA38 33S ESS A CHE -Q3A0N38 SNOLLY7ND3U-- Suv Daves ) z “i BO) OC GSIddv «= SANSMULYSSL NOLLYDICVES ; “AINO SNOLLYINSSYH SivIS “4OLDAZdSNI GAZIMOHLNY NY AB HO SMOLLYINOSH JNILNVYHYNO 3iViS AG G3HINOZH N3HM A7NO.. SNOLLY2NO3# NYIOYNY?D ONY “TyN3034 “SLVLS-WS¥V 3AISS3UddNS “GLSIXSA GV3A4dS 40 GHYZVH ¥ ovu3) COomNWiad «#0 SS3suSOud NI «(LON SINJALYSuUL = NOLLYD! ammeter ee SNOLLYINOSY WrH3d34 ONY 3i¥lS-V3eV GQ3iS33N! AIIVYE3N3S Csssuscue om BO C3Mddv SINSMLV38L = NOLLYDIGVE3) Ss “eVI4Y YZHLO AMY OLMI 3n78 -s “N3349 WIHLIM N33H9 “‘N32349 OLWMI NW3Z3H9 “SZLIHM HO 3NW HONOXHL HO OLMI N33H9~ “3LIHM = HO “3N18 ‘N3349D HONOMHL HO OLN G3H osivwms38 AvIvULeYd «34¥ 10G «6G3807102 HilIK 6 S3LLNNOD ‘gaiv 2938 AVZLI1NOD 34¥yY G34NO70D ATSHUINS S3LLNNOD “vn ww ¢ :SMO1104 SY¥ \—\z vVa4y OF1VIN[IH vY WOHs SIIDNLHY GILYINO Bw ~ 4O LNIWFAOW 3HL NO G3SOdWI 3HVY SNOILDIMIS 3H “STIOLLAY CALVINOM ONLAON Od SUTAGHIIDAN ONY MOLLY INGOT HAM GVAIV LOVIA OMIGIVORE ZONVLSISSY BOA Z1A40 NOISIAIN NOLLIZIONA UIWid Lomivan wnok “VOWRYO WI ‘AMY INAOV TANNOO WNOL YO BOLOZAGNI WOTLIALONd IeVid IWHAQAA WO AIVLG UNO LINGNOO ‘SALVLS GALINN ZHL MI IS < : ra ‘ $ ‘ S31ViS G31944545V HLIM SONLVYSd0059 SYNLINDIWOV 40 LNAWLYVd3S0d VOVNVD GNV NOISIAIG NOILD3SLO¥d INVId ADIANSS HOYVASSH TVYENLINIIYNOV aYNLINDIWOSV 30 ILN3SNLYVdad SN poss SANILNVYVNO 31L353E JSsANvdVe gyo-—czes Odd *Zut [pusy poqtzosead zeyyO 10 BZuyuBeTo 10758 uoT}PeYSeJUT OF pesodxs jou JF q.duexiaact *zo,oedsuT Ue wory pouteyao oa keu sots07.e10geT peaordde of SB UOTPRULIOFUL x* ‘apts osteAet aut uo ,SeToTVty payernsey Jo quoweaocj{ UO pesoduy SUOTPOTAPSAN, 99S * *patgTyou os weed sey jooreuy uopTssessod UT wuosied ou} pue eTt2°4 asousder oq} JO pseads jo piezey 8 queseid kayy 480d zoy,oedsuy ue fq poutTuzezyep ST 47 usu ‘ga0qe ou Aq pareaaod you ‘zana0s} BUM 1a}poOeLeYyO sue jo aouekaauod JO gueow 10 ‘soTOT te ‘sq,onpoid ie} kuy ‘€ *paeyuteder pue pouseT[o JTree} dulexe oy uaavan UNUEWUVER™ aye UU ALVOLALLeAO We quinoad (dae) Svaev (THICHAN, ATIVUS (Ou WN Sal 7 Oa ov iioae 5 nO - 243 - Infestations persisted through September with 300 per hog in Barnes and Cass Counties. Less numerous than HOUSE FLY (Musca domestica), stable fly in WISCONSIN did not begin to increase until late July. Stable fly in ILLINOIS presented problems by late June, reaching a peak by late July. Counts remained high through August and into early September. One of the 3 major pasture flies on cattle, counts during early September ranged 0.5 to 28 per head. Counts in FLORIDA on beef and dairy cattle at Gainesvilie, Alachua County, were lighter than in 1969. In the western area, counts were also lighter than usual in the beach areas. The first small flight at Panama City, Bay County, was 2 days later in 1970 than in previous years. Since 1965, the first general distribution of flies has occurred about August 15-25; this year the date was the 27th, primarily because winds came predominantly from the south over the Gulf of Mexico. This wind pattern continued, resulting in a low annoyance level for the season. This fly annoyed fishermen at Cedar Key, Levy County, in early September. In SOUTH CAROLINA heavy numbers caused much anxiety on a golf course near Georgetown, Georgetown County. The flies were breeding where the green clippings were dumped. The infestations appeared to be broken by spreading the green clippings. Above 1969's counts due to heavy summer rains, stable fly in MARYLAND ranged 15-100 (averaged 20) per head during June and July. Herdsmen who controlled horn flies also received good stable fly control. Fall numbers annoyed bathers and shore owners on the Chesapeake Bay. An unusually late infestation was found November 3 in NEW YORK. Adults were abundant outside of a dairy barn and were biting the cattle inside, Larvae and pupae were abundant in trench silage. A MOSQUITO (Aedes dorsalis) was very heavy in WASHINGTON in orchards and on golf courses during September at Rock Island, Douglas County. Apple pickers left because of the level and persistence of attack. In CALIFORNIA several species were a Serious nuisance. Encephalitis incidence was nil. Mosquito numbers in NEVADA were low and much reduced over most of the State except in irrigated areas. Several species were troublesome in many UTAH counties following spring and summer rains, and fall flooding of lowlands to improve duck hunting areas. Most areas under organized mosquito control obtained excellent to helpful results. Many counties and areas without adequate funds and organized control programs suffer severe annoyance each year. In the Delta area of Millard County and over much of Rich, Duchesne, and Uintah Counties, mosquitoes were severely trouble- some. Several species annoyed man and animals throughout WYOMING. Numbers were heaviest in Albany, Washakie, Hot Springs, and Big Horn Counties. Many reports of mosquito annoyance were received from the northwest and west- central districts of KANSAS during late June and one report was received from Garden City, Finney County, during early September. The annual summer encephalitis surveillance program in Kansas revealed human cases of arthropod-borne encepha- litis: Seven were St. Louis encephalitis and one was western encephalitis; this was a little higher than the average for the last 10 years. The cases were localized, being found in Russell, McPherson, Harvey, Reno, Pratt, and Sedgwick Counties. A total of 44 cases of equine encephalitis was reported in horses. Culex spp., Psorophora spp., and Aedes spp. were annoying in scattered areas of OKLAHOMA during Summer. In Payne County, mosquitoes were most common during late September and early October after 2 weeks of intermittent rain. Psorophora confinnis is the most important nuisance species in ARKANSAS. Lighting counts, on arm at dusk, ran as high as 60 per minute, and light trap catches ran as high as 26,000 per night during July in Lonoke County. Culex spp. were very common in Lawrence County. Counts increased in late May, peaked in July, and declined in late July. Mosquito larvae in MINNESOTA were heavy at Minneapolis, Hennepin County, and St. Paul, Ramsey County, the first week in May. The Metropolitan Mosquito Control District had treated 32,000 acres of confirmed breeding area by May 8. Heavy rains in late May and early June resulted in another large brood. Adults peaked by mid-June. Aedes vexans accounted for 80-93 percent of the total in trap collections; A. cinereus, A. Stimulans, and A. trivittatus were other important species. Coquillettidia perturbans emerged June 15 and peaked the 9rO-cz8s Odd *BuTTpuey peqtisoseaid Iau}O IO ZuyueeToO Jeyje uot eyseJuUT 0} pesodxs you JT 9 dulexq2HeK« *royosdsuTt ue Wolj peutTeyqo oq Ae seTIoyeIogeT peaoidde 0} se UOT TEUIOFUT xx *apTS ssTeaAet ay} uo ,S2TOTP1Y peyeTNZey Jo jusMeAoW UO pasodU suUOTzPOTAYSEY, 290g x *petjt}you os ueseq sey jJooleu} uoTssessod ut uosized oy} pue eTjeeq esoueder 9y} jo pesids jo piezey @ yueseid Lay} 4eYU} JOJYoOadsuT ue AQ poeUTUIezep ST ¥T uaym ‘aaoge oy} Aq peteaocd jou ‘JeAs0szeyM Jayoereyo Aue Jo aouefaauood jo suvaw zo ‘saToTzie ‘syonpoad aeyyo Auy ‘¢ *pojuTedel pue peuseToO Jix.cx.}dwexse ST yUouUdTNbs BuTAOW-[TOs pezTuByooW pesp *4uoudtTnbs BUyTAOU-TTOs paztueyoam pesg °Z “THOS FInd “°T *petjtyou os useq sey joaztey} uotssessod ut uoszed 3y} pues 3aT}eeq esoueder oy. Jo pesids jo piezey e juesaid Asy} 784} 10JVOedsuT ue Aq poeUTULIOVep ST 4T uoym foaoqe ayy Aq padaaoo you ‘isAa0szeyM Jay,oOBVIBYO Aue jo aouefaauos Jo suvew Jo ‘saTotTyze ‘syonpoud azeyi0 Auy °/, *peyutedal pue poueeTo JT xxx. }duIexe ST qjUoudtTnbe SuUTAOCU-Ttos peztusyoem pesy *quoemdtnbe SuTAow-TTos peztueyoom pesy °9 *TFOs JO S013 Jlxexjidiexs ole sqjuetd Te ,useueuwsr0 JO (saeqny etTyep jo sdumto uey} say}0) Sisqny pus ‘samoztyz ‘smioo ‘sqtnq ant], *peinoun Jo pe ysearey ATUSeTjJ usuM squetd [ByusWBUIO JO Sleqny pues ‘somozTyI ‘suIOD ‘sqtng anzIL °s ‘uoTzyesedoid 10J sjoor pue sumozo wueTg °4 ‘pos ssein °¢ *(autd SufyuuNI Jo sutd-punoiZ to Ssomgnts) untpodoofy pue ‘ssou ‘squetd otzenbe selj-[tos TaSdXS ‘syoor uyt# squetg *Z *pesserdmoo io ‘peztzeatnd ‘punois ‘pseyerpAuep Jtx««7dmexe aie yeed pue “‘snamy ‘sinuem pesodmoosap ‘1sodmo05 *x** 7 THIed IO aYBoTITpiso Jo Juemyoej1e eirtnbaz you op SeTiopetogel[ peaoidde o, peddtys setdmes ttog ‘“SSUTU} Jeyio WTA Jo f£TaxeIedas ‘geod pue ‘yonm ‘snumy ‘oinuem pesodmoosp ‘ysodmoo ‘Trac: °F | | | . | - 244 - second week in July. A. vexans peaked again in early July. Culex tarsalis was present mainly in July but never in high numbers. A. trivittatus was present in significant numbers, especially in daytime bite collections, from mid-June and well into August. Culex pipiens, C. restuans, C. Salinarius, C. tarsalis, and C. territans were common in late July and early August. Mosquitoes gradually ir: decreased from late August into September. Egg diapause occurred earlier in 1970 than in 1969. Hatch on September 15 was only 15 percent but was slightly higher the week following. Mosquitoes in WISCONSIN were the most Serious pests of man and animals. Aedes Ss A. trivittatus, A. cinereus, and SALTMARSH MOSQUITO (A. sollicitans) did much of the biting before the third week of June, and A. vexans after. Annoyance continued until mid-July when dry weather reduced numbers. Mosquito annoyance in OHIO began during early May in localized swampy areas. During Summer in central Ohio, numbers per trap night were highest during June and July with Aedes vexans and Culex pipiens most numerous. Tentatively, 25 confirmed cases and 11 presumptive cases of California encephalitis occurred in Ohio. In ALABAMA, A. Sollicitans and SOUTHERN HOUSE MOSQUITO (Cc. pipiens quinque- fasciatus), the most important Species, annoyed man around homes, outdoor living quarters, and recreational areas, especially along the coastal areas and lakes. In FLORIDA, mosquitoes transmitted 1,048 cases of heartworm, an increase over previous years; and 67 cases of equine encephalitis by the end of October. Aedes spp. populations have increased 25-50 percent during the past two years in MAINE. Woodland species are the major pests, with annoyance occurring from mid-May until early August. Aedes communis, A. abserratus, and A. Sstimulans are the most abundant. About 130 acres at Orono, Penobscot County, were treated with a chlorinated hydrocarbon for larval control, with fair to excellent results. Due to a delay in treating certain areas, some larvae pupated and emergence was about 20 percent from Some pools after controls had been applied. An organic phosphate aerially applied to 2,270 acres gave short term adult control. The same pesticide used for larval control gave satisfactory adult control on 240 acres in State parks and other areas. Numbers of COMMON CATTLE GRUB (Hypoderma lineatum) and NORTHERN CATTLE GRUB (H. bovis) adults were normal in CALIFORNIA; their presence is due to inshipments of cattle. Both species infested many cattle in UTAH. Controls for grubs and lice are usually applied to 75 percent of the beef cattle in Sevier County, nearly 75 percent in Millard County, and 50 percent at Beaver, Beaver County. Cattle were running from bomb and heel flies in several counties. Moderate to heavy numbers of H. lineatum infested the backs of cattle in most areas of OKLAHOMA during January and in some areas through February. The last grubs seen were in mid-March. Adult activity began in Payne and Noble Counties in early April and continued into early May. Grubs were again found in the backs in mid-November. In SOUTH DAKOTA, Hypoderma spp., probably mostly H. lineatum, in untreated stock at the beginning of 1970 were heavier than in the last few years. Grubs averaged 18.8 per calf in 70 percent of 440 calves in Mellette County and 10.1 in 80 percent of another group of calves in Dewey and Zieback Counties. In NORTH DAKOTA during April, an average of 4 Hypoderma spp. grubs per head infested 30 percent of the cattle. In 1969 an average of 6.7 grubs infested 11 percent of the animals. H. lineatum in Giles County, TENNESSEE, averaged 4.3 grubs per cow in 111 of 344 cattle from the last of January through April. Found throughout ALABAMA, this species ranged light to moderate as in 1969, due to better use of pesticides. In Alachua County, FLORIDA, this grub averaged 2.4 per head in 32 percent of the animals during December. Compared with 1969's counts, counts were lighter in December but similar during spring. In the Everglades area on February 20, grubs averaged 6 per back in beef steers; the highest count was 28. SHEEP BOT FLY (Oestrus ovis) laid eggs the first week of July in Burleigh County, NORTH DAKOTA. Eggs of HORSE BOT FLIES (Gasterophilus spp.) in OKLAHOMA were heavy on horses in Lincoln, Payne, Kay, Adair, Cherokee, and Kiowa Counties during late September and October, Occasional adult activity continued through November. In NORTH DAKOTA, adults of Gasterophilus spp. laid eggs on horses by the first week in July. Eggs were 30 per head at this time. Horse bots are the major insect pest of horses. - 245 - HORSE BOT FLY (Gasterophilus intestinalis) laid eggs in NEW HAMPSHIRE from September 20 to October 10 at Durham, Strafford County. Adults were observed on Morgan horses in a pasture at Durham. SHEEP KED (Melophagus ovinus) infested all untreated flocks in UTAH. Some flocks were treated for control following spring shearing. TABANID FLIES annoyed livestock and people in many parts of UTAH. Deer flies were especially troublesome to people at Locomotive Springs, Box Elder County, and in parts of Rich, Daggett, Uintah, and Duchesne Counties. Tabanus spp. were common on cattle and horses in most OKLAHOMA areas during June, July, and August. The most common species were STRIPED HORSE FLY (T. lineola) and BLACK HORSE FLY (tT. atratus). Chrysops sp. in MINNESOTA was very annoying in Houston and Winona Counties the last half of June. Numbers statewide seemed heavier than in 1969. In INDIANA, Chrysops spp. were more frequent than usual, and were occasionally very abundant. Chrysops moechus was taken in large numbers in Tippecanoe County. Chlorotabanus crepuScularis in FLORIDA heavily infested dairy cattle at Lake City, Columbia County. Several adults per head followed animals into barns during mid-July. Chrysops sp. adults in RHODE ISLAND bit from August 7 in Washington County through August and into September. BLACK FLIES in UTAH annoyed livestock and sometimes Swarmed about man in canyons and in farm areas near favorable breeding waters. Simulium venustum adults in NORTH DAKOTA emerged the third week of May in Cass County and reached 500 per head by the last part of May. Counts neither reached the high levels of 1969 nor persisted as long as in 1969. Black flies were very numerous the first half of June in northeastern MINNESOTA along the north shore of Lake Superior. S. venustum in WISCONSIN caused some annoyance in localized areas near the WiSconsin River by mid-June but subsided by the last of June. Black flies were the usual nuisance in many areas of MAINE. Mainly S. venustum was very heavy in Jackman, Somerset County, from mid-June until mid-July. Nuisance numbers occurred from June 1 until late July. Orono, Penobscot County, experienced some difficulty with S. venustum during June and July, followed by S. jenningsi during August, September, and early October. Simulium spp. adults in NEW HAMPSHIRE became active the middle of April in the Southern area and remained a serious biting problem for the next 6 weeks. Simulium sp. females bit man from May 9 in Washington County, RHODE ISLAND, into June. Heavy spring flights of Simulium spp. in MARYLAND, greatly annoyed campers and resort owners in Montgomery, Harford, Washington, and Allegany Counties. Adults declined below annoyance levels by mid-June. During 1970 in SOUTH CAROLINA, S. slossonae was the only species connected with the transmission of turkey malaria (Leucocytozoon smithi). At this time no control is effective. Unless the black fly vector is brought under control, it will seriously affect the turkey industry in South Carolina. Various other Diptera were of interest in several States. Light numbers of a BITING MIDGE (Culicoides sp.) were biting by June 25 in Washington County, RHODE ISLAND. Another BITING MIDGE (Leptoconops kerteszi) was unusually heavy and annoying in NEVADA in the Black Rock, Granite Creek, and Smoke Creek Deserts of Humboldt, Pershing, and Washoe Counties in May. Light numbers infested areas of Esmeralda County. An EPHYDRID FLY (Ephydra gracilis) and other species were troublesome to bathers and picnickers around Great Salt Lake, UTAH. The problem was less acute than in 1968 and 1969. A MARCH FLY (Plecia nearctica) is gradually extending its range or at least its outbreaks into central FLORIDA. The second generation flight was not as heavy as in the previous September. A CHLOROPID FLY (Hippelates pusio) in Florida was an acute problem to residents and farm workers in local areas of the panhandle, where thousands of acres of new ground had been planted to soybeans and grains. Counts during early August were up to 300 per man in one minute at one of these farms, but began subsiding after the first week of August. A SOLDIER FLY (Hermetia illucens) in Florida was a severe problem in caged poultry operations in Hillsborough County during late spring. H. pusio in SOUTH CAROLINA was unusually heavy and annoying at an experiment station in Barnwell County, September 17. H. illucens larvae in South Carolina poultry houses should probably be considered beneficial. A SCIARID FLY (Bradysia picea) - 246 - in South Carolina was reported in Richland, Dillon, and Clarendon Counties. Adults became numerous enough to cause some hysteria. These insects became numerous about September 1 in the Coastal Plains area. There seems to be some connection with pecan groves. CLUSTER FLY (Pollenia rudis) in PENNSYLVANIA was a minor nuisance compared with the previous 2 autumns. Flies entered buildings for an unusually long period from late September into November. SHORTNOSED CATTLE LOUSE (Haematopinus eurysternus), mainly, ranged moderate to heavy on cattle in most OKLAHOMA areas from mid-January to mid-May. First fall infestations were found the third week of November in Payne County when this louse and Solenopotes capillatus were reported. H. eurysternus heavily infested cattle in Benton County, ARKANSAS, during late March. This infestation is the second observed in Arkansas in 15-20 years. H. eurysternus, one of 3 important cattle lice, was a serious external pest especially on beef cattle throughout ALABAMA. Cattle lost much weight and vitality during the critical late winter months. CATTLE TAIL LOUSE (H. quadripertusus) in FLORIDA was heavy on beef cattle all year in Alachua and Hardee Counties; counts were Similar to 1969's on untreated animals. Infested cows were discovered in a dairy in Alachua County. HOG LOUSE (Haematopinus suis), mostly moderate, infested hogs in scattered areas of OKLAHOMA through early April and again in mid-October. Numbers were also moderate in Alachua County, FLORIDA, in early October. LONGNOSED CATTLE LOUSE (Linognathus vituli), one of 3 important cattle lice in ALABAMA, was a serious external peSt of cattle, especially range beef cattle. Loss of flesh and vitality was heavy during the critical late winter months. It was found the fourth week of November in OKLAHOMA. Longnosed cattle louse was heavy on young dairy calves during spring in Alachua County, FLORIDA. CATTLE BITING LOUSE (Bovicola bovis), one of 3 important cattle lice, was a serious external pest of cattle, eSpecially range beef cattle, throughout ALABAMA. Cattle lost much weight and vitality during the critical late winter months. In Alachua County, FLORIDA, HORSE BITING LOUSE (B. equi) heavily infested ponies during spring, and B. bovis lightly infested dairy heifers during December. CAT FLEA (Ctenocephalides felis) and DOG FLEA (C. canis) were abundant in western OREGON. They infested many residences in Marion and Jackson Counties. HUMAN FLEA (Pulex irritans) continued to be a severe pest of humans in NEVADA. It also infested buildings and surrounding soil areas in Smith Valley, Lyon County. In OKLAHOMA, C. felis and P. irritans heavily infested homes and yards in scattered areas. In MICHIGAN, C. felis waS Commonly found by returning vacationers whose cats had been removed from the premises. The most important fleas in ALABAMA, C. felis and C. canis were numerous in homes; control efforts have been continuous and difficult. In general, Ctenocephalides sp. was less abundant in SOUTH CAROLINA during the year, but toward the latter part of the season, some unusual infesta- tions occurred in the northwestern counties. C. felis heavily infested several homes in Kent and Washington Counties, RHODE ISLAND, on August 13; it was active for the rest of August and in September. YELLOW JACKETS were very numerous in MICHIGAN during August and September. GIANT HORNET (Vespa crabro germana) adults were reported -in Hendricks County, INDIANA, for a new County record. In SOUTH CAROLINA, wasps were unusually abundant around Clemson, Pickens County. BALDFACED HORNET (Vespula maculata) was reported from Clemson and from Charleston, Charleston County, but it was a statewide problem during September. In NORTH CAROLINA an unusually large number of reports were received concerning Vespula maculifrons from late spring until December 9. The greatest concern was the invasion of homes. Several Specimens of BED BUG (Cimex lectularius) were found in central and eastern WASHINGTON. It was much more apparent than in previous years. Reported only once in MONTANA in 1970, bed bug was formerly the number one household insect before the use of an organic phosphate. It infested a home in Providence County, RHODE ISLAND, on June 10. - 247 - PUSS CATERPILLAR (Megalopyge opercularis) larvae were common on various trees and shrubs in the eastern half of OKLAHOMA from mid-August to late September. People were ‘stung’ in at least 4 counties. M. opercularis was first reported in SOUTH. CAROLINA on September 14 in Spartanburg County; about twelve complaints were scattered statewide. HICKORY HORNED DEVIL (Citheronia regalis) was not too common in South Carolina; specimens were picked up in Greenwood County. AMERICAN DOG TICK (Dermacentor variabilis) was picked off of dogs, cats, and man in Columbia County, WASHINGTON. Many were found on dogs throughout Whitman County. It appears to be well established in these eastern counties. American dog tick is now established in northern IDAHO. It was recorded on hogs in Clearwater County during April and June and in Latah County during May and on humans in Latah County during July. It was most common on pets in OKLAHOMA during May. In MINNESOTA it was prevalent the second week of May. Many calls were received from the suburbs of Minneapolis, Hennepin County, and St. Paul, Ramsey County. Activity decreased somewhat by mid-June but continued well into July. Populations were generally higher in 1970 than in 1969. Numerous in northern WISCONSIN, problem areas extended as far south as Columbia County. By late June, only a few reports of activity were received. Adults in MARYLAND became active in Prince Georges and Montgomery Counties April 17. Spring numbers were heaviest where weed and brush fields were adjacent to housing developments. Montgomery, Prince Georges, Anne Arundel, Howard, Carroll, Baltimore, and Harford Counties appeared to be the center of Maryland's heavy populations during spring. Numbers declined rapidly during summer and fall. American dog tick adults were found in a home in Washington County on April 20, and by May 11, were found on children, dogs, and horses. Adults were numerous by May 22 and widespread in Washington County by June 5. Adults were still common on dogs and children July 10. ROCKY MOUNTAIN WOOD TICK (Dermacentor andersoni) was recorded in IDAHO from a human in Bonneville County in April, and from cattle in Idaho County, humans in Latah County, and livestock in Blaine County during May. A sheepman in Owyhee County indicated that numbers were the heaviest in 10 years. WINTER TICK (Dermacentor albipictus) was common on cattle, horses, and deer in the eastern half of OKLAHOMA during January, November, and December. In IDAHO a larva was collected from a hunter in Clearwater County in October. LONE STAR TICK (Amblyomma americanum) continues to be a major pest of cattle in all upland wooded areas in ARKANSAS. Counts of A. americanum in OKLAHOMA ranged moderate to heavy on cattle and deer in eastern and central areas from late February to late September. GULF COAST TICK (A. maculatum) in Oklahoma was heavy on cattle in local areas of Johnston, Muskogee, Mayes, and Washington Counties during late April and May. : BROWN DOG TICK (Rhipicephalus sanguineus) in IDAHO infested a home each in Nez Perce County in September and in Bonner County in November. It is the number one problem on domestic animals in warm desert valley communities of ARIZONA. The few pet owners who do not treat premises or animals are a continual source of reinfestation. This tick was numerous in the suburbs of Tucson, Pima County, from mid-July through September. In ARKANSAS it became a nuisance in yards in Pulaski County in early August. Ticks do not appear to have been any more numerous in SOUTH CAROLINA than in previous years. Brown dog tick was collected in several locations; a few were reported from the Piedmont. Generally, the brown dog tick is found in areas west of Columbia and are less common east of Columbia. In MARYLAND it is established in Baltimore, Montgomery, Prince Georges, Anne Arundel, and Frederick Counties. Annoyance peaked during spring and fall. Problems increased in NEW JERSEY; most of the specimens were collected from Passaic, Bergen, Middlesex, Monmouth, Somerset, and Essex Counties. In RHODE ISLAND, brown dog tick heavily infested a house in Washington County on September 16; infestations were reported into October. 248 TL6L ‘8hz! (ST) TZ = "qdy ‘Sut *uooqg ‘*doop i ‘ady “ded “s*n sapids DSN]IAL sajarsoxo7T asnpey UMOIgG 4O UOIINGIAySIG OL61 ‘TE taquaseq VSN ®P9TAtag yoOIeOSoYy [eanj [Nosy UOTSTATG UOTJIA30Ig JUETG uoT}9e3Aq puke APAINg JOaSUT oOTWOUCDG ut paaedaig stirs ~ —_— - 249 - BLACKLEGGED TICK (Ixodes scapularis) infested mostly deer during the winter months in OKLAHOMA. TROPICAL HORSE TICK (Anocentor nitens) in FLORIDA transmitted 226 cases of equine piroplasmosis by the end of October, a substantial increase over 1968 and 1969. NORTHERN FOWL MITE (Ornithonyssus sylviarum) infested litter on a poultry house floor in Benton County, ARKANSAS, in February. Infestations are generally confined to cages. Late winter infestations in ILLINOIS presented problems in several caged laying poultry operations. CHIGGER MITES (Eutrombicula spp.) were active from early June through mid-August in the southeastern half of OKLAHOMA. E. belkini was collected from collared lizards (Crotaphytus collaris baileyi) in Alvord Desert in Harney County ly? dio Werntz during May 1970. This is a new State record. Several bit human at Medford, Jackson County. Specimens were collected by R.L. Westcott June 25, 1970, and determined by C.E. Yunker. This is the first authenticated case of chigger mites biting man in Oregon. This is a new county record. A THERMACARID MITE (Thermacarus nevadensis) developed heavy numbers in hot springs in Ruby Valley, Elko County, NEVADA; the larvae attacked and burrowed into the skin of bathers and swimmers. BROWN RECLUSE SPIDER (Loxosceles reclusa) was a new State record in COLORADO. Five spiders were found in a residence at Rocky Ford, Otero County. In OKLAHOMA it continued to be found in homes in most areas. In IOWA many were collected during April in a photographic darkroom in a heavy equipment factory at Bettendorf, Scott County. Taylor County was a new county record. It has been collected in 7 counties. Occurring in 53 TENNESSEE counties, it caused concern to many persons. Specimens were collected in Giles, Lawrence, Marion, Franklin, Carroll, Weakley, Sumner, Lincoln, Perry, Clay, Chester, Henry, Green, and Monroe Counties for new county records. Several live specimens of a SCYTODID SPIDER (Loxosceles rufescens) were discovered in basement rooms of Several buildings on a university campus in PENNSYLVANIA. The spider was established in the underground utility tunnels. A COMBFOOTED SPIDER (Latrodectus hesperus) remained heavy in homes and other buildings in northwestern NEVADA from late September through November. This and other species invaded many homes, garages, foundations in UTAH. Two persons were reportedly bitten during October. Numbers were above normal in several localitites. In IDAHO; greater than uSual activity and numbers occurred about homes and out- buildings statewide throughout August and September. HOUSEHOLDS AND STRUCTURES Highlights: SUBTERRANEAN TERMITES were the chief structural pests in several States. CARPENTER ANTS were troublesome in Maine, Wisconsin, Michigan, and South Carolina. COCK- ROACHES were a problem in homes in several areas. EASTERN SUBTERRANEAN TERMITE (Reticulitermes flavipes) was Swarming on February 27 in Providence, Washington, and Kent Counties, RHODE ISLAND. Infestations were reported throughout the year. This pest began to swarm early in April and damaging colonies were reported constantly until late July in OHIO. R. flavipes is the most destructive structural pest in MARYLAND, and damage to homes was in excess of $100,000 throughout the central area. There were 3 swarms of R. virginicus reported during the fall from Prince Georges and Montgomery Counties during October. This species is rare in Maryland. R. flavipes was the major structural pest throughout ALABAMA. Flights of this pest were noted as early as January within heated buildings at Gainesville, Alachua County, FLORIDA. WESTERN SUBTERRANEAN TERMITE (Reticulitermes hesperus) was the most common invader of = 250 = homes and other buildings in UTAH. Several hundred buildings were treated, most were in the "Wasatch Front" area, from Springville, Utah County, to Brigham City, Box Elder County. Financial expense to homeowners each year is substantial. Infestations of R. hesperus and R. tibialis continued to increase in southern, western, and northern NEVADA. R. hesperuS waS a major structural pest in CALIFORNIA. yl Ge rg WESTERN DRYWOOD TERMITE (Incisitermes minor) infested and damaged house trailers in Clark County, NEVADA. Western rywood termite and occasionally PACIFIC DAMPWOOD TERMITE (Zootermopsis angusticollis) were major structural pests in CALIFORNIA. An infestation of a POWDERPOST TERMITE (Cryptotermes brevis) was found in paneling, imported from Guatemala, in a home at Little Rock, Pulaski County. As far as can be determined, this is the first record of this species in ARKANSAS. The infesta- tion was treated and the species is not considered as being established. BLACK CARPENTER ANT (Camponotus pennsylvanicus) infestations were twice as abundant in 1970 as during 1969 in MAINE. Severe structural damage was noted in at least 10 cases, primarily in the western and central areas. One of the chlorinated hydrocarbons was an absolute must to provide extended controls for disturbed nests. This pest was first reported in RHODE ISLAND from a home in Kent County on February 19, and activity continued throughout the season. Black carpenter ant, based on the number of reports, was the most troublesome in recent years in WISCONSIN. Unspecified CARPENTER ANTS were troublesome in several areas. Carpenter ants were the most frequently reported of the wood-damaging insects in MICHIGAN. A serious infestation in a home at Lansing, Ingham County, in late June, required the complete replacement of a large wooden balcony. These pests have been perhaps more noticeable and numerous in SOUTH CAROLINA during 1970 than previously. Populations were more numerous during the spring. Infestations were reported in Marion, Greenville, and Colleton Counties during the week of May 18. LITTLE BLACK ANT (Monomorium minimum) was the most common ant infesting homes in OKLAHOMA. ARGENTINE ANT (Iridomyrmex humilis), Camponotus spp., and Liometopum occidentale were bothersome in CALIFORNIA homes. COCKROACHES were troublesome in homes in several States. GERMAN COCKROACH (Blattella germanica) was the most abundant and persistent household pest encountered in MARYLAND. SMOKYBROWN COCKROACH (Periplaneta fuliginosa) became established in SOUTH CAROLINA homes after a period of unSuccessful attempts. This pest was found entering homes during late June and July. The usual complaints were received about German cockroach, AMERICAN COCKROACH (Periplaneta americana) , and BROWNBANDED COCKROACH (Supella longipalpa). German cockroach was the more important of several cockroaches in ALABAMA. Other species of importance were American cockroach, ORIENTAL COCKROACH (Blatta orientalis), brownbanded cockroach, and smokybrown cockroach. Cockroaches were common in homes, commercial buildings, and school buildings in UTAH. Control was a problem in many apartment houses, homes, and communities. Brownbanded cockroach has spread to most communities in the 25 years since the first infestation was found at Logan, Cache County. Infestations of German cockroach were fewer than previously, Oriental cockroach much more than usual, and American cockroach scattered. German cockroach, brownbanded cockraoch, and oriental cockroach were probably the worst household pests in CALIFORNIA. OLDHOUSE BORER (Hylotrupes bajulus) specimens were collected from Charleston, Georgetown, York, and Horry Counties, SOUTH CAROLINA. Records indicate that this species occurs over a much wider area in the State than previously believed. An infestation of this pest was reported from Johnson County, TENNESSEE, for a new county record. An adult of oldhouse borer was found in a house on July 21 in Providence County, RHODE ISLAND. - 251 - A JAPANESE WEEVIL (Calomycterus setarius) was collected in Fillmore County, MINNESOTA, for a new State record during 1970. This pest became a serious invader of houses throughout NEW HAMPSHIRE, especially in homes near hayfields that had been cut. This problem lasted for several weeks before subsiding. BOXELDER BUG (Leptocoris trivittatus) was active and annoyed homeowners during early spring and fall in MARYLAND. Counts of 200-400 individuals overwintering in and around homes in Montgomery and Prince Georges Counties were reported frequently during fall. This pest is becoming more of a problem in Spartanburg, Cherokee, and York Counties, SOUTH CAROLINA. There were more reports during 1970 than at any time in the past. Boxelder bug was the most common house invader during fall in OKLAHOMA. There was a heavy buildup of adults in many locations in UTAH during fall, winter, and spring. This pest was conspicuous in many homes, school buildings, and other structures during 1970. EARWIGS were household pests in many areas throughout 1970. EUROPEAN EARWIG (Forficula auricularia) populations were lighter than during 1969 in MAINE, apparently due to dry weather. Most infestations were reported from Hancock County followed by Waldo and Knox Counties. Collections by 3 homeowners ranged up to 100 per night for several weeks. Damage was not severe. This pest was found in a Providence County, RHODE ISLAND, home on June 25, and was active statewide throughout the growing season. European earwig was the most troublesome household pest at Phoenix, Tucson, and Yuma, ARIZONA, from early August through December. Repeated treatments were necessary by many homeowners and pest control operators in Maricopa, Pima, and Yuma Counties. European earwig and Labidura riparia were occasional household pests in CALIFORNIA. RINGLEGGED EARWIG (Euborellia annulipes) was moderately heavy in a commercial greenhouse at Pittsburg, PENNSYLVANIA. This earwig was recorded from a greenhouse in the same city in 1961. This pest occurred in buildings in Bryan and Carter Counties, OKLAHOMA, several times during 1970. Unspecified MILLIPEDS were the most abundant and annoying house pests throughout PENNSYLVANIA. They were persistent from spring throughout the year. Millipeds were above normal during September and October in MARYLAND. Unusually heavy populations were encountered near Thurmont in Frederick County. CLOVER MITE (Bryobia praetiosa) was active from February through May in Prince Georges, Montgomery, Baltimore, Anne Arundel, and Howard Counties, MARYLAND. Clover mite was the most common house pest during the spring in OKLAHOMA. This pest was reported in Kay, Pottawatomie, and Bryan Counties from early January to mid-April. STORED PRODUCTS Highlights: LESSER GRAIN BORER caused heavy damage to seed wheat in Kansas, COFFEE BEAN WEEVIL infested several thousand bags of stored coffee in Florida. INDIAN MEAL MOTH was moderate in 30,000 bushels of corn in Kansas. ALMOND MOTH was serious in 160,000 tons of stored peanuts in Alabama. LARDER BEETLE (Dermestes lardarius) infestations have increased sharply over the past two years in PENNSYLVANIA. This increase may be due to the large number of dead flies in attics and wall spaces in many homes. These are an ample food supply for the larvae of this dermestid beetle. Larder beetle was the most frequently reported pest of stored products in INDIANA, and one of the most destructive pests of household foodstuffs in MICHIGAN. CARPET BEETLE (Anthrenus scrophulariae) was apparently more important in stored clothing than clothes moths in SOUTH CAROLINA. A DERMESTID BEETLE (Trogoderma variabile) was the most common pest of stored products in NEVADA. - 252 - CIGARETTE BEETLE (LasSioderma serricorne) was one of the most common insects to infest stored food in NORTH CAROLINA. Complaints of this pest are increasing in the Piedmont area of SOUTH CAROLINA where infestations were reported in pepper, paprika, spices, and many cereals. In ALABAMA, cigarette beetle was the pre- dominent pest of foodstuffs in kitchen pantries throughout the State. This beetle was the most common insect infesting foods, spices, and tobacco in homes in OKLAHOMA. LESSER GRAIN BORER (Rhyzopertha dominica) caused heavy damage in a 1,000-bushel bin of seed wheat in Riley County, KANSAS, by early August. As many as 233 adults per pound were found in wheat samples collected. COFFEE BEAN WEEVIL (Araecerus fasciculatus) infested several thousand 100-pound bags of coffee in storage at Plymouth, Orange County, FLORIDA, during August; fumigation was required. RICE WEEVIL (Sitophilus oryzae) was a Serious pest to stored corn and grain sorghum in central and southern ALABAMA. SAWTOOTHED GRAIN BEETLE (Oryzaephilus surinamensis) was one of the most common insect pests of stored food in NORTH CAROLINA, and one of the most destructive household pests in MICHIGAN during 1970. MERCHANT GRAIN BEETLE (O. mercator) was heavy in dog food in a home in Clark County, NEVADA, for the first record of this cucujid beetle in the State. RED FLOUR BEETLE (Tribolium castaneum) infestations have become more common than those of T. confusum (confused flour beetle) in PENNSYLVANIA. T. castaneum also appears to be more diverse in its host preference. The sources of many intesta- tions were traced to dried plants and herbs. A moderate surface infestation of INDIAN MEAL MOTH (Plodia interpunctella) (47 per square yard) was found in 30,000 bushels of flat-stored corn in Doniphan County, KANSAS, in early July. Such a population so early in the year could have led to serious damage before cool weather in fall slowed down or stopped population buildup. Earlier periodical treatments of the surface of the corn were reported not to have been successful in controlling the infestation. During the same period, occasionally up to 2 or 3 moths were seen in bins of corn, wheat, or sorghum surveyed in Washington, Republic, Jewell, and Smith Counties. Indian meal moth was another of the most common insects of stored food in NORTH CAROLINA. ALMOND MOTH (Cadra cautella) was a serious pest and the more important of the pests in the 160,000 tons of stored peanuts in ALABAMA. ANGOUMOIS GRAIN MOTH (Sitotroga cerealella) was also a serious storage pest of peanuts in Alabama, aS well aS corn, grain sorghum, and feed in storage. BENEFICIAL INSECTS Highlights: An ICHNEUMON WASP parasitized half or more of alfalfa weevil larvae at some areas in Utah and Michigan. A BRACONID brought jack pine budworm under control in Wisconsin. Parasitism of cereal leaf beetle by a EULOPHID WASP was excellent at Gull Lake, Michigan. CONVERGENT LADY BEETLE controlled greenbug and pea aphid in several States. A KLAMATHWEED BEETLE in Washington and a PUNCTUREVINE SEED WEEVIL in Utah gave good control of their weed hosts. Integrated control is expected to increase in New Jersey orchards in 1971. HONEY BEE (Apis mellifera) use in NEVADA decreased in all seed areas from the 30,000 colonies of 1969 fo 22,000 colonies for 1970. Where numbers were adequate, pollination activities substantially increased alfalfa seed production in Millard County, UTAH. Honey bee pollination was essential to produce fruit. Colonies among the 3,000 beekeepers in ALABAMA declined to about 89,000. There were 174,000 colonies in 1956. The 155,000 colonies in TENNESSEE produce about 4 million pounds of honey annually for about $1 million income to beekeepers. The value of the industry to Tennessee agriculture is 20 times that of the honey - 253 - produced. Value of the beeswax is $55,000 per year. Adverse weather during May and June reduced the 1970 honey crop to about half of the 1969 crop, the largest in the past 25 years. With practically no fall flow, many colonies were light on winter stores and would not have survived unless they were fed before cold weather. Colony loss in Tennessee is expected to be heavy. NORTH CAROLINA has about 30,000 beekeepers who maintain 1-3,000 colonies each which produce nearly 4.25 million pounds of honey and 125,000 pounds of beeswax annually. Bee pollina- tion is a $20 million business. Honey bee in OHIO experienced a serious setback resulting from an extremely cold winter. An unusually low number of bees survived the winter and population buildup was as much as a month behind during most of the spring. By summer, the colonies were greatly strengthened and back to normal. With the increased practice of machine harvesting of cucumbers in Ohio, bees were rented out to pollinate cucumbers. Over 5,000 beekeepers maintain nearly 122,000 colonies in MICHIGAN. Beekeeping is scattered in Upper Michigan, but most counties in Lower Michigan have one or more professional beekeepers and a number of side- line or hobbyist beekeepers. Honey production in 1969 was over 10 million pounds but may be as much as a third less in 1970. Locally, a colony on a platform scale gained 60 pounds September 4-14; this flow came from a lush growth of goldenrod. Pollination contracts have strengthened the beekeeping industry in the State. Honey bee first swarmed on May 27 in Providence and Washington Counties, RHODE ISLAND; it was swarming in all parts of the State through June and July. ALFALFA LEAFCUTTER BEE (Megachile rotundata) use in NEVADA in alfalfa seed areas increased by about 70 percent in Humboldt County and 10 percent in Lander County. Where numbers -were adequate, pollination activities substantially increased alfalfa seed production in Millard County, UTAH. Emergence in Boise Valley, IDAHO, was normal in early June. From 5 to 15 percent died because a cool late June delayed alfalfa blooming. The balance of the summer weather favored bee increase and seed production. On September 12 the first killing frost in southern Idaho ended all bee activity a month earlier than usual. A few serious bee kills occurred because of improper spray applications. The nest destroyer Tribolium audax (black flour beetle) and the parasite Sapyga pumila (a sapygid wasp) were the 2 most destructive pests in field nesting domiciles, relegating Trogoderma glabrum (a dermestid beetle) and Monodontomerus obscurus (a torymid) to lesser roles than in the past. Plodia interpunctella (Indian meal moth) was very destructive at some locations. The total number of bees and bee cells destroyed by all enemies ranged 10-60 (estimated mean of 35) percent of all constructed cells. A MEGACHILID BEE (Osmia lignaria) was found for the first time in King County, WASHINGTON. ALKALI BEE (Nomia melanderi) helped to increase alfalfa seed yields in UTAH in Millard, Duchesne, and Uintah Counties. Alkali bee first emerged June 6 at Homedale, Owyhee County, IDAHO. Numbers were fewer due to an unfavorable series of years in the mid-1960's for alkali bee and due to the advent of Megachile rotundata (alfalfa leafcutter bee) during this period. An ICHNEUMON WASP (Bathyplectes curculionis) parasitized about 50 percent of Hypera postica (alfalfa weevil) larvae during spring in Cache County, UTAH. In WISCONSIN, B. curculionis has been advancing along with the alfalfa weevil and has been reared from the larvae almost aS soon as the weevil is found in an area. B. anura, larval parasite of alfalfa weevil, was established in MICHIGAN. Because paraSitism by B. curculionis, as high as 80 percent in some areas, was much higher than in 1969 in all areas, some reduction in alfalfa weevil popula- tions is expected in some areas in 1971. B. curculionis in INDIANA probably had some influence in suppressing alfalfa weevil, especially in western counties. Larvae were parasitized by the following percent by county: Harrison 8.8, Knox 50.7, Tippecanoe 63.1, and Steuben 34.9. B. anura populations, second in importance, remained low and confined to Harrison County where it parasitized 1.7 percent of the alfalfa weevil larvae sampled. - 254 - An ICHNEUMON WASP (Horogenes punctorius) parasitized 4.3 percent of the Ostrinia nubilalis (European corn borer) larvae in central WISCONSIN and 3.3 percent in the southwestern area. European corn borers were collected during fall 1969. A BRACONID (Lysiphlebus testaceipes) had parasitized Schizaphis graminum (greenbug) in OKLAHOMA by early March. By early April, it had greatly reduced greenbugs on wheat in the southwestern and west-central areas. It continued to be extremely common through April. It also controlled greenbugs on Sorghum in many areas during July. Braconids, especially this species, in ALABAMA were the most important parasites of aphids on cole crops, cotton, and grain. A BRACONID (Microctonus aethiops), a parasite of adult Hypera postica (alfalfa weevil), was eStablished in MICHIGAN. On June 12 in WISCONSIN about 2,600 parasites of alfalfa weevil were released in a field in Rock County. These consisted of Microctonus aethiops, Microctonus colesi, and Bathyplectes curculionis. Several thousand M. aethiops, reared from adult weevils collected in New Jersey the latter part of May, were released in the same area in Rock County. A BRACONID (Macrocentrus gifuensis) parasitized 30 percent of overwintered Ostrinia nubilalis (European corn borer) larvae in caged stalks at Ankeny, Polk County, IOWA. Other braconids in Wisconsin parasitized Lepidoptera. Macrocentrus grandii parasitized 16.7 percent of Ostrinia nubilalis (European corn borer) larvae in the southwest, 4.3 percent in the Central, and 6.7 percent in the south-central area. European corn borers had been collected during fall 1969. Apanteles sp. cocoons were abundant at a site in Vilas County heavily infested by Choristoneura pinus (jack pine budworm). The collapse of this insect was attributed in large part to this parasite. Meteorus sp. had parasitized 5 percent of the larvae of Dasychira plagiata (pine tussock moth) in Douglas County on May 19; 6+ cocoons were on most trees in the infested area on June 25. Another braconid (Aphaereta pallipes) in NEW HAMPSHIRE parasitized 10 percent of Musca autumnalis (face fly). A EULOPHID WASP (Euplectrus plathypenae) was found on Pseudaletia unipucta (armyworm) , Spodoptera ornithogalli (yellowstriped armyworm), and Euxoa sp. (a cutworm) in IOWA. TetrasStichus incertus, a larval parasite of Hypera postica (alfalfa weevil), was eStablished in MICHIGAN in 1970. T. julis, a Tarval parasite of Oulema melanopus (cereal leaf beetle), was established at 6 sites in Michigan. At Gull Lake, Kalamazoo County, up to 100 percent parasitism was obtained in late-planted oats; about 2-3 million parasites per acre were present. A VESPID WASP (Odynerus dilectus) provisioned their brood cells exclusively with Hypera postica (alfalfa weevil) larvae at North Logan, Cache County, UTAH. A MINUTE EGG PARASITE (Trichogramma minutum) was one of the most important parasites of Heliothis zea (bollworm) and H. virescens (tobacco budworm) eggs on cotton in ALABAMA. In WISCONSIN it was found in large numbers in eggs of the Dasychira plagiata (pine tussock moth) in Douglas County on July 31. An ENCYRTID WASP (Holcencyrtus physokermis), a paraSitoid of Physokermes piceae (spruce bud scale), was found for the first time in OREGON at AShland, Jackson County, in June. A SCOLIID WASP (Scolia dubia) must be very important in holding the larvae of Cotinis nitida (green June beetle) in check in SOUTH CAROLINA. It occurred in Chesterfield, Oconee, Union, and other counties. A CYNIPID WASP (Eucoila sp.) and a FIGITID WASP (Xyalophora quinquelineata) each parasitized 1 percent of Musca autumnalis (face fly) in NEW HAMPSHIRE. This was based on the dissection of pupae. - 255 = TRANSVERSE LADY BEETLE (Coccinella transversoguttata) larvae fed heavily on colonies of Eriosoma lanigerum (woolly apple aphid) at Wenatchee, Chelan County, WASHINGTON. CONVERGENT LADY BEETLE (Hippodamia convergens) and related species were abundant on 40 acres of peppermint during Tate July in Clark County. In ARIZONA 2 gallons of H. convergens were released in an isolated 40 acres of corn and sorghum infested with Schizaphis graminum (greenbug) at Safford, Graham County, July 12. The greenbug buildup was eliminated. Lady beetles were previously released in this county, but results have been difficult to predict. In UTAH, H. convergens and Several other lady beetles were numerous on Acyrthosiphon pisum (pea aphid) infested alfalfa. The following percentages of lady beetle species were found on alfalfa during May in KANSAS: H. convergens 90, H. tredecimpunctata 1, H. parenthesis 2, Coleomegilla maculata 5, and TWOSPOTTED LADY BEETLE (Adalia bipunctata) 2. Adults averaged 6,421 per acre of alfalfa for the combined crop districts, with no estimate from the northeast district. Adult parasitism was about 3 percent. Lady beetles, green lacewings, and parasitic wasps played a major role in control of greenbug on Kansas sorghum. Lady beetles and sometimes parasitic wasps probably prevented outbreaks during spring of greenbug on wheat and of pea aphid on alfalfa. H. convergens adults were light on wheat and alfalfa, especially in southwestern OKLAHOMA, from early January through March, heavy on aphid-infested wheat in Texas County by early April, and light to moderate on field crops in most areas the rest of the year. The more important lady beetles in ALABAMA, H. convergens and C. maculata,occurred in great numbers on aphids on cotton, Grain, and vegetables. Ce maculata adults in INDIANA averaged 39 per 100 sweeps of alfalfa during early May and 14 per 100 during late August. It was the most common lady beetle on alfalfa, corn, and grains. An undetermined parasite attacked C. maculata in many cornfields during July; this parasite was not observed in other crops. Adults of H. parenthesis averaged 11 per 100 sweeps of alfalfa during late August. By July 27 in MAINE, Coccinella transversoguttata and THIRTEENSPOTTED LADY BEETLE (Hippodamia tredecimpunctata tibialis) were becoming common on unsprayed potatoes in Aroostook County. Adults and/or larvae of A. bipunctata ranged 1-3 per plant in 5 potato fields at East Corinth, Penobscot County, August 3. No treatment or a light spray schedule must have been used. The highest known concentration in Maine of twospotted lady beetle swarmed during the second week of October on 3 adjoining homes at Augusta, Kennebec County. Although very common in the State, it is not known to appear in the hundreds of thousands as it did. By the third day, many stragglers were still on homes. A CANTHARID BEETLE (Podabrus pruinosus) appeared to be more abundant in western OREGON. Adult activity began in Jackson County in mid-May; numbers were heavy in Marion County by June. A MELYRID BEETLE (Collops vittatus) and other melyrid beetles were among the beneficial species in UTAH often numerous enough to prevent or control moderate outbreaks of Acyrthosiphon pisum (pea aphid) on alfalfa. FIERY HUNTER (Calosoma calidum) apparently became abundant in some SOUTH CAROLINA locations following the Spodoptera frugiperda (fall armyworm) outbreak. Specific reports have come from Chesterfield, Fairfield, and Colleton Counties. Larvae and adults of a CARABID BEETLE (Callida decora) in FLORIDA were attacking larvae of Heliothis zea (corn earworm), PSeudoplusia includens (soybean looper), Plathypena Scabra (green cloverworm) , and AnticarSia gemmatalis (velvetbean caterpillar) on Soybeans. The following beetles were involved in weed control. Adults of a KLAMATHWEED BEETLE (Chrysolina quadrigemina) controlled Klamathweed (Hypericum perforatum) at Friday Harbor, San Juan County, WASHINGTON. A PUNCTUREVINE SEED WEEVIL (Microlarinus lareynii) in UTAH has largely eliminated puncturevine in the release area of Santa Clara, Washington County. COCKLEBUR WEEVIL (Rhodobaenus tredecimpunctatus) occurs in many parts of the coastal area of SOUTH CAROLINA, especially in Dorchester, Horry, and Dillon Counties. Associated with wilt of cocklebur, CARROT BEETLE (Bothynus gibbosus) was reported from Darlington, Dillon, and Horry Counties, South Carolina. The population of a LEAF BEETLE (Agasicles sp.) has stablized over a wide range of northern FLORIDA. It is less effective on alligatorweed in the south than in the north. - 256 - DAMSEL BUGS (Nabis alternatus and N. ferus) were among the beneficial species in UTAH often numerous enough to prevent or Control moderate outbreaks of Acyrthosiphon pisum (pea aphid) on alfalfa. Nabis spp. activity began in most areas of OKLAHOMA in early April. Damsel bug adults in INDIANA averaged 20 per 100 sweeps of alfalfa in early May and 29 per 100 sweeps in late August. N. ferus in WISCONSIN, unusually prevalent on alfalfa during fall, fed on plant bugs and adults of Philaenus spumarius (meadow spittlebug). Nabis spp. in FLORIDA were recovered consistently on alfalfa at Gainesville, Alachua County; counts were usually light. BIGEYED BUGS (Geocoris spp.) were among the beneficial species in UTAH often numerous enough to prevent or control moderate outbreaks of Acyrthosiphon pisum (pea aphid) on alfalfa. Geocoris spp. were the most common predators on Soybeans in northeastern OKLAHOMA during early July. In ALABAMA, G. punctipes and a PIRATE BUG (Orius sp.) were perhaps the more important species attacking eggs and larvae of Heliothis zea (bollworm) and H. virescens (tobacco budworm) on cotton, corn grain sorghum, tomatoes, soybeans, and Snap beans. FLOWER BUGS (Orius tristicolor and O. insidiosus) were among the beneficial species in UTAH often numerous enough to prevent or control moderate outbreaks of Acyrthosiphon pisum (pea aphid) on alfalfa. In OKLAHOMA, O. insidiosus was numerous on alfalfa in central, south-central, and southwestern areas during early June and on cotton in the southwestern area during mid-August. In FLORIDA, & insidiosus was consistently recovered on alfalfa at Gainesville, Alachua ounty. STINK BUGS (Euthyrhynchus floridanus and Alcaeorrhynchus grandis) were usually the most important large predatory insects on soybeans in FLORIDA. GOLDENEYE LACEWING (C. oculata) and Chrysopa colorandensis were heavy adjacent to an orchard at Wenatchee, Chelan County, WASHINGTON; they were previously considered uncommon in this area. Chrysopa spp. larvae were among the beneficial species in UTAH often numerous enough to prevent or control moderate outbreaks of Acyrthosiphon pisum (pea aphid) on alfalfa. Chrysopa spp. adults were on alfalfa in east-central OKLAHOMA by early April. Larvae and adults were common in most areas through September. Larvae of C. oculata were the more important predators of aphids on corn, grain sorghum, cotton, Ornamentals, shade trees, and vegetables in ALABAMA. A TACHINA FLY (Erynniopsis rondanii), introduced European parasitoid of Pyrrhalta luteola (elm leaf beetle), was found established at Medford, Jackson County, OREGON. Adults were noted in early August in elm leaf beetle infested areas. Impact on host populations is not known, but probability of their increase is questionable due to heavy use of chemicals to control its host. SYRPHID FLIES were among the beneficial species in UTAH often numerous enough to prevent or control moderate outbreaks of Acyrthosiphon pisum (pea aphid) on alfalfa. A CINNABAR MOTH (Tyria jacobaeae) is known to be established in Linn, Coos, Curry, Clatsop, and Benton Counties, OREGON. It was introduced into Douglas County in 1969 but its status is unknown. Natural spread is slow and appears to be primarily the result of larval emigration. Rapid movement in some areas is due to mechanical spread by area residents. Numbers in WASHINGTON increased steadily on tansy ragwort (Senecio jacobaea) Since its release in the western area in 1966 at Amboy, Clark County. _ PHYTOSEIID MITES in northern UTAH were moderate this season, but they aided in spider mite control. Typhlodromus fallacis, in conjunction with selective pesticides, kept Panonychus ulmi (European red mite) at subeconomic levels. It is expected that This integrated control will be more widely practiced in New Jersey orchards in 1971. a ‘bn nets be tay 2 7 oe ‘Nite " ? ; a ; ity . Tied a iy f o ; Lp ee are Tent, teat, ;* ~ f ie"; * 7 f a voted agi ael] » ju! : i UNITED STATES DEPARTMENT OF AGRICULTURE Hyattsville, Maryland 20782 OFFICIAL BUSINESS POSTAGE & FEES PAID United States Department of Agriculture 0004 USENLINATA122 63001 0001 US ENTOMOLOGY LIBRARY DEPT ENTOM NATIONAL MUSEUM WASHINGTON DC 20560 ® aie. ns 7a 5 22% VOL. 21, No. 16 April 16, 1971 ent | Cooperative ECONOMIC INSECT REPORT ee aN APR 21197) | S/BRARIES Issued by PLANT PROTECTION DIVISION AGRICULTURAL RESEARCH SERVICE UNITED STATES DEPARTMENT OF AGRICULTURE AGRICULTURAL RESEARCH SERVICE PLANT PROTECTION DIVISION ECONOMIC INSECT SURVEY AND DETECTION The Cooperative Economic Insect Report is issued weekly as a service to American Agriculture. Its contents are compiled from information supplied by cooperating State, Federal, and industrial entomologists and other agricul- tural workers. In releasing this material the Division serves as a clearing house and does not assume responsi- bility for accuracy of the material. To facilitate mailroom handling, all reports, inquiries, and other matters pertaining to this release, including the mailing list, should be sent to: The Editors, CEIR Economic Insect Survey and Detection Plant Protection Division, ARS, USDA Federal Center Building Hyattsville, Maryland 20782 Volume 21 Aprils V6 Selo Number 16 COOPERATIVE ECONOMIC INSECT REPORT HIGHLIGHTS Current Conditions SPOTTED ALFALFA APHID heavy on alfalfa and BROWN WHEAT MITE heavy on wheat and barley in Oklahoma. (p. 260). AN ARMORED SCALE heavy on citrus in Florida. (p. 262). Parasitism by a BRACONID heavy in greenbug infested wheat in Oklahoma. (p. 264). Predictions ALFALFA WEEVIL damage expected to be heavy in Virginia (p. 261). FOREST TENT CATERPILLAR defoliation expected along Ohio River in West Virginia (p. 263). SOUTHERN PINE BEETLE damage expected in Virginia, Maryland, and Delaware (p. 273). MOUNTAIN PINE BEETLE damage expected to continue during 1971 in South Dakota (p. 276). JACK PINE BUDWORM potential for heavy infestation exists in northwest Wisconsin (p. 277). FALL WEBWORM predicted to be heavy again in Missouri (p. 282). FALL CANKERWORM infestations expected to be heavy in North Dakota (p. 283). Detection New State records include GREENBUG from Oregon (p. 259) and a MIDGE from Wyoming (p. 263). For new county records see page 265. Special Reports Summary of Insect Conditions in the United States - 1970. Ornamentals (pp. 267-271). Highlight Section of Forest Insect Conditions in the United States - 1970 (pp. 271-275). Forest and Shade Trees (pp. 275-287). Contributors (p. 288). Distribution of Bagworm. Map. (p. 268). Distribution of European Pine Sawfly. Map. (p. 278). Some First Occurrences of Season ARMYWORM moths in Missouri. PEAR PSYLLA adults in Michigan and Connecticut. CANKERWORM moths in Michigan, North Dakota, and Connecticut. Reports in this issue are for the week ending April 9 unless otherwise indicated. - 257 - - 258 - CONTENTS Special Insects of Regional Silgmificance 2. oe eee). 6 emilee ool eee) 141+) olle)lellali=) =)im) is) 21 259 Insects Affecting Corn, Sorghum, Sugarcane........... 260 CUELUSS rake aig aiebe cistneyerece @reker sree iene 262 Smell Crating 5 oogoenccoeoa0gouaco00a 260 Other Trop. & Subtrop. Fruits...263 Turf, Pastures, Rangeland.......... 260 OwiMEMEOMCAUS, oo006a00000000000000 263 HoOralg.ey lhe UME ieee eens eters nehelseheneneinone 260 Forest and Shade Trees........ . .263 Potatoes, Tomatoes, Peppers........ 261 Nera Eye) WOMANS > oagodccd605000000¢ 264 COLE GODS asooddovoqoovccdnodouDoadG 261 Households and Structures....... 264 Deciduous Fruits and Nuts.......... 262 VeKana\CuesCOatrl IL IMISIGKOGSTS cacao bao GING oll 6-0 UO OOO UOC OND OU DMO OOOO CO OUD OOOO m000 0006 264 Hederalwand Staten plant Protections Pro cicam'Sinvepereieietenchalicnoicireielanelcieienenencnelicu-nenenell-Menenenene 265 DYE) HEX ES LOLA A a a eo a BENG. OS Ie ENO TORO EO GOGO LOG DIGS B0.0'0 DIO UO COO OU 0 0 REE ROIS. 010.0 6:0'0 6 265 (CKopmeaGieil Ons ans cine o Sold UU UU OO GO OU OUD OUOOdD Oolo md OU DU DOU BOO OOD OOOO OO DOOD 000 . 265 EG Weal MMSSGOw IGNOU S do oddooboGoooend OOO DDD D DODO OOOO OODDDD OO aDDOD scar ane. orena-ebauenebene 266 Isletas Weeys: COlULSSELOEMS 6 6o64dcco0boodvCD Oo OD ODDO DOU OOOO ODD OD OD OOOO DDONOS eine aeetare 266 Summary of Insect Conditions in the United States - 1970 Ornamentals.......... RR rae REE ne earn Ie BOG RMR Ce MAURER IIS BS OIRO E059 8 MIB OCO.O C-0-6 0 267 DOCS BR AMG HSM) Ieee Ses copdino Ooo eUeoU OOO UOMO De OOOO ODD oboe O00 O00 60 svsva severe GOMER TUE OS ec seco vowros sl sk Sreatinl ue olanehial ore gioe ohn el oceneyabicastalioh chisiienon scerenerehenemnenanetoben cic leneltHsHonc Moe ene 288 DLS tet Mintom Gil Beyer, WAD5cdgoo0b000000CG FOO OKO OD DODO OOOO DDO DD OOOO ODUODNOC CCS 268 DilsitributLonwon european) Panel Salwelliysel Hal opeieirelclolcienelcnelcl ser erhonelonelenieleiei-/cielchen-ielsiene Meme 278 WEATHER OF THE WEEK ENDING APRIL 12 HIGHLIGHTS: Temperatures averaged above normal over the West and north-central parts of the Nation and cooler than normal over the East and Deep South. Little or no rain fell in the Southwest or over the Great Plains. Drought intensified in the southern Great Plains and in southern Florida. PRECIPITATION; Sunny, cloudless skies prevailed over most of the Nation last week. Rainfall totals exceeded 4 inches along portions of the Oregon coast. Light precipitation fell elsewhere in the Pacific Northwest. Significant rain fell from the Mississippi River to the Atlantic coast, with totals exceeding 1 inch along the coast from southern New England to central Florida. A large area from Montana to California and eastward to the Mississippi River received no rain or only widely scattered light sprinkles. Much of this area is becoming very dry. Drought in southern Florida is also intensifying. A low pressure system over the eastern portion of the Gulf of Mexico on Monday crossed the Florida Peninsula and moved northward along the Atlantic coast during the week. Rain fell and a few thunderstorms occurred from Mississippi to Florida and the Carolinas on Monday. Strong gusty winds blew along the coast. Rain fell from the lower Ohio River Valley to the Middle and Southern Atlantic Coastal States and heavy snow blanketed portions of Missouri and Illinois. Snow accumulated to 13 inches at Belleville, Illinois, a short distance east of St. Louis, Missouri. Heavy wet snow stalled traffic, closed schools, and broke trees and power lines. Snow fell from the Ozark Mountains to Tennessee and northeastward to New England. High winds and rain occurred along the northern and middle Atlantic coast. Winds gusted 50 to 60 m.p.h. at Cape Hatteras, North Carolina, Tuesday and to 78 m.p.h. at Marthas Vineyard, Massachusetts, Wednesday. Two feet of Snow covered the ground at Doughton Park, Virginia, and 1.5 feet had fallen at Montebello, Virginia, by noon Wednesday, before moving out of the country late Wednesday. A large high pressure moved southward over mid-America during the early part of the week. Monday, it was centered over southern Minnesota. By late Wednesday, it had moved to the Weather of the week continued on page 287. - 259 - SPECIAL INSECTS OF REGIONAL SIGNIFICANCE ARMYWORM (Pseudaletia unipuncta) - MISSOURI - Adults observed at Columbia, Boone County, on April 1. (Craig). ARMY CUTWORM (Euxoa auxiliaris) - OKLAHOMA - Larvae per 10 linear feet ranged 0-3 in most wheat in southern Garfield County; O-1 in Cleveland County field; 0-5 in alfalfa planted last fall in Okeene area, Blaine County. (Okla. Coop. Sur.). KANSAS - Larvae 30 per 100 row feet of wheat in Comanche County field. Negative in wheat in other areas surveyed in southeast and south-central districts. (Bell). NEBRASKA - Mostly third to fifth instars averaged less than 1 per linear feet in 35 fields in Perkins, Chase, Dundy, and Cheyenne Counties April 6 and 8. (Keith, Sakurada) . WYOMING - Trace in 1 of 5 alfalfa fields near Wheatland, Platte County. (Bitner). COLORADO - Larvae ranged O-1 per linear foot of wheat in Weld, Larimer, and Logan Counties. Feeding damage very light to date. (Johnson). ASTER LEAFHOPPER (Macrosteles fascifrons) - OKLAHOMA - Leafhopper adults and nymphs, mainly this species, ranged 30-50 per linear foot of wheat in Oklahoma and Cleveland Counties. (Okla. Coop. Sur.). BEET LEAFHOPPER (Circulifer tenellus) - CALIFORNIA - Populations variable due to climatic conditions. Nymphs of different instars present as well as spring adults. About 34,948 acres of rangeland treated in Kings and Kern Counties. Pretreatment counts heavy and potentially damaging to croplands. Mortality counts ranged 65 to 94 percent. Wide dispersal of overwintering leafhoppers complicated treatment and added to areas needing treatment. Uneven hatch and development created prob- Hens (Cail Coop). Rpt.» CORN LEAF APHID (Rhopalosiphum maidis) - MISSOURI - Ranged 0-5 per linear foot of barley in southeast area. (Munson). NEVADA - This species and Schizaphis graminum (greenbug) light on barley starting to head at Las Vegas, Clark County. Infesta-— tions had been heavier, but heavy numbers of lady beetle larvae reduced corn leaf aphid and greenbug populations. (Hilbig et al.). GREENBUG (Schizaphis graminum) - OREGON - Nymphs collected on volunteer barley in wheatfield near Helix, Umatilla County, by K.J. Goeden and R.L. Penrose, December 15, 1970. Specimens reared to adults in laboratory on perennial rye- grass. Determined by R. Berry, confirmed by L.M. Russell. This is a new State record. (Penrose). ARIZONA - Surveys of barley and wheat negative in Graham County. Population level same as period March 15-19 at Kansas Settlement and controls applied to 1 field at Bonita, Cochise County. (Ariz. Coop. Sur.). TEXAS - Ranged 10-3,000 per row foot of wheat in 8 panhandle counties on April 5, Heaviest count in Deaf Smith County. (Daniels). OKLAHOMA - Averaged 1,000 per linear foot in wheatfield near Seiling, Dewey County. Ranged 50-150 per linear foot in 3 southeastern Major County fields. Ranged 3-40 per linear foot in Payne, Garfield, Cleveland, and Oklahoma Counties. Moderate in Kingfisher and Woodward Counties; light in Murray, Kay, and Texas Counties. Parasites and predators increased in most areas. (Okla. Coop. Sur.). KANSAS - Averages per row foot of wheat by county (3 fields per county): Cherokee none; Labette none; Montgomery 0-1; Chautauqua 0-5; Cowley 0-0.7; Sumner O-1.7; Harper 1.3-3.3; Barber 0-19; and Comanche 0.3-0.7. (Foster). None found in wheat surveyed in Greeley, Wallace, Wichita, Lane, Scott, Gove, Thomas, and Ellis Counties. (Martinez). NEBRASKA - Negative on wheat surveyed in southwest and panhandle districts April 6 and 8. (Keith, Sakurada). MISSOURI - Ranged 0-8 per linear foot of barley in southeast area. (Munson). ARKANSAS - This and other aphids light to medium on small grain in various areas. (Boyer et al.). SPOTTED ALFALFA APHID (Therioaphis maculata) - NEVADA - Occasional specimen found on alfalfa at Las Vegas, Clark County. (Hilbig et al.). OKLAHOMA - Heavy on alfalfa in Cotton County, moderate to heavy in Garvin County, and moderate in Kingfisher County. Ranged 50-200 per linear foot of young alfalfa in Blaine - 260 - County, 0-20 per square foot in Cleveland and Oklahoma Counties. Heavy throughout most of southwest area. (Okla. Coop. Sur.). NEW MEXICO - Infestations spotty in seedling alfalfa in northern Eddy and Chaves Counties; counts light to 500+ per square foot. (Mathews). ARKANSAS - Light on alfalfa in Lafayette County. (Ark, "Ins. (Sux). CORN, SORGHUM, SUGARCANE EUROPEAN CORN BORER (Ostrinia nubilalis) - IOWA - Survey shows overwintering survival of 5,972 borers per acre in Boone County, an increase of 20 percent over 1970 spring survey. (Iowa Ins. Sur.). SMALL GRAINS BROWN WHEAT MITE (Petrobia latens) - UTAH - Present on wheat in "Dixie" area of Washington County. (Huber). NEVADA - Chemical controls applied to about 200 acres of wheat and irrigation used to control remaining heavy infestations at Lovelock, Pershing County. (Stitt) . OKLAHOMA - Heavy on wheat in Woodward and Texas Counties; light to moderate in Cimarron, Major, Garfield, Kingfisher, and Oklahoma Counties. Egg laying continues in Major County. Heavy on barley in Garfield County. (Okla. Coop. Sur.). KANSAS - Light on wheat in Wallace, Wichita, and Greeley Counties. (Martinez). Ranged 0-1.3 per row foot in Comanche County. (Foster). WINTER GRAIN MITE (Penthaleus major) - OKLAHOMA - Ranged O-15 per linear foot of wheat in 3 western Payne County fields. (Okla. Coop. Sur.). PALE WESTERN CUTWORM (Agrotis orthogonia) - WYOMING - None found in 12 wheatfields in Goshen and Laramie Counties. (Bitner). NEBRASKA - Larvae ranged 0-3 per linear foot of small grains in 8 Kimball County fields March 30. (Hagen). Development about 10 days behind 1970 in southwest district. Most in second and third instars on April 6 and 8. Injured plant crowns ranged up to 6 per linear foot in 14 Perkins County fields; heaviest infestations in southeastern portion of county. In Chase County, heaviest infestations in northeast area. No injury noted in Dundy County. Injured plants 1-2 per foot in 2 of 6 Cheyenne County fields. (Keith, Sakurada). AN APHID (Rhopalosiphum padi) - OKLAHOMA - Ranged 10-15 per linear foot of wheat in 2 of 3 Southeast Major County fields. Averaged 1 per linear foot in western Payne County field and in field in Noble area of Cleveland County. (Okla. Coop. Sur.). TURF, PASTURES, RANGELAND RANGE CRANE FLY (Tipula simplex) - CALIFORNIA - Adults resting on soil in 300- acre area of range grass at Exeter, Tulare County. Earlier, larvae caused much damage to range grasses in other parts of county. (Cal. Coop. Rpt.). CHINCH BUG (Blissus leucopterus leucopterus) - INDIANA - One specimen in 23 grass samples collected from 5 northwest and west-central counties and 5 northeast and east-central counties. (Meyer). OKLAHOMA - First of season reported damaging bentgrass golf greens at Clinton, Custer County. (Okla. Coop. Sur.). FORAGE LEGUMES ALFALFA WEEVIL (Hypera postica) - OREGON - Adults averaged 1 per 25 sweeps of alfalfa near Corvallis, Benton County, April 2. (Larson, Penrose). UTAH - Adults left field litter in Cache County, migrated into 2-inch tall alfalfa. (Davis). COLORADO - Adults mating and few eggs laid. (Cross). OKLAHOMA - Larvae averaged 1 per terminal in 18 percent of terminals in Cleveland County and on 4 percent of terminals in Oklahoma County. Ranged O-5 per linear foot in young alfalfa in Okeene area, Blaine County. These are new county records. Larvae ranged 40-50 per - 261 - square foot of alfalfa in Le Flore County. Continued heavy in most south-central counties and in scattered Southeast, east-central, and southwest counties. Continues heavy in Bryan County, but damage declining. (Okla. Coop. Sur.). MISSOURI - Tip damage ranged 18-41 percent in southeast area. Larvae ranged 4-14 (averaged 8) per 10 alfalfa stems in south-central area; 80 percent in first instar, 20 percent in second. (Munson). ILLINOIS - Development ahead of 1970 in southern half of State. (Ill. Ins. Rpt.). INDIANA - Larvae 0-37 (averaged 10) per square foot in 27 one-square-foot samples of alfalfa from 7 fields in southwest district. Ratio of first and third instars, 6:4. (Meyer). MARYLAND - First larvae of season at Easton, Talbot County, and at Centerville, Dorchester County. Infestation below 5 damaged tips per 100. (U. Md., Ent. Dept.). VIRGINIA - Eggs hatched in Orange and Loudoun Counties, First instars light on April 5 and 6. Damage expected to be heavier than past two seasons. (Allen). KENTUCKY - Eggs averaged 205 per square foot in Fayette County. About 25 percent of alfalfa tips damaged by first and second instars. Larvae in Madison County on April 6. (Barnett). TENNESSEE - Slight increase in weevil activity in alfalfa surveyed in central areas; damage light. (Gordon). ARKANSAS - Hatch continues and early instars found in earlier treated fields. (Boyer, Kimbrough). First field treated for season in Chicot County. (Boyer, Wall). WEEVILS (Hypera spp.) - NEVADA - Larvae of H. brunneipennis or H. postica averaged 10 per sweep on 200 acres of alfalfa hay at Las Vegas, Clark ounty. First time in about 40 years that weevil larvae found damaging alfalfa in Clark County. (Hillbie et al.)): CLOVER LEAF WEEVIL (Hypera punctata) - INDIANA - Larvae 0-16 (averaged 4.5) per Square foot in 27 one-Square-foot samples from 7 alfalfa fields in southwest district. (Meyer). WISCONSIN - Larvae averaged 3 per square foot of young alfalfa in Dane County field; some damage. (Wis. Ins. Sur.). MEADOW SPITTLEBUG (Philaenus spumarius) - INDIANA - Nymphs averaged 3 per square foot in alfalfa in Dubois County field heavily infested during 1970. (Meyer). CLOVER LEAFHOPPER (Aceratagallia sanguinolenta) - KENTUCKY - Averaged 30 per 100 sweeps of clover in central areas. (Barnett). PEA APHID (Acyrthosiphon pisum) - INDIANA - Apterae ranged 0-12 in 10 of 27 one-square-foot samples of alfalfa in southwest district fields. (Meyer). OKLAHOMA - Heavy on alfalfa in Texas County. Moderate in Murray and Kingfisher Counties; light in Coal and Pontotoc Counties. Averaged 40 per square foot of alfalfa in Cleveland and Oklahoma Counties; 10 per linear foot of young alfalfa in Blaine County. (Okla. Coop. Sur.) COWPEA APHID (Aphis craccivora) - OKLAHOMA - Ranged up to 15 per stem of alfalfa on occasional stems in Jones area of Oklahoma County. (Okla. Coop. Sur.). POTATOES, TOMATOES, PEPPERS GREEN PEACH APHID (Myzus persicae) - CALIFORNIA - Counts of 3 per tomato leaf in 40-acre planting at Calipatria, Imperial County. (Cal. Coop. Rpt.). NEW MEXICO = Heavy and damaged greenhouse tomatoes at Los Chavez, Valencia County. (Heninger). COLE CROPS CABBAGE APHID (Brevicoryne brassicae) - CALIFORNIA - Ranged 10-20 per stem on 125 acres of rape grown for oil at Holtville, Imperial County. (Cal. Coop. Rpt.). - 262 - DECIDUOUS FRUITS AND NUTS PEAR PSYLLA (Psylla pyricola) - CONNECTICUT - Few adults noted at Storrs, Tolland County, on April 2; no eggs yet. (Savos). MICHIGAN - Adults active in southern counties. Egg laying will start if predicted weekend temperatures of 55-65° F. occur. (Sauer). WASHINGTON - First hatch on pear in tight cluster stage of bud development near Buena, Yakima County, April 1. (Johnson). OYSTERSHELL SCALE (Lepidosaphes ulmi) - CALIFORNIA - Moderate on apple trees at Santa Maria, Santa Barbara County. Scarce during previous years; increased in occurrence on various plants in many locations. (Cal. Coop. Rpt.). EASTERN TENT CATERPILLAR (Malacosoma americanum) - OKLAHOMA - Damage light to peach trees in Washington, Cleveland, and Choctaw Counties. Small tents very heavy on wild plum in southeast Major County. (Okla. Coop. Sur.). A LYGUS BUG (Lygus hesperus) - WASHINGTON - Counts of 2 per 6 trays and caused extensive bud damage on pears and apples 12 days after spray applications in Yakima County. (Gregorich). APPLE APHID (Aphis pomi) - MISSOURI - Eggs hatching and nymphs numerous (50-100 per bud) in central area commercial orchards. (Enns). KENTUCKY - Averaged 10.7 (ranged 0-29) per bud on apple. (Barnett). OLIVE SCALE (Parlatoria oleae) - CALIFORNIA - Ranged 7-14 per limb on almond trees at Orland, Glenn County. Parasites introduced for control in this area. This scale infested 5-acre almond orchard at Winters, Yolo County. (Cal. Coop. Rpt.). CITRUS Citrus Insect Situation in Florida - End of March - CITRUS RUST MITE (Phyllocop- truta oleivora) infested 76 (norm 60) percent of groves; economic in 53 percent. Population expected to decrease in April; will be in high range and above normal most of month. Highest districts west, south, and north. CITRUS RED MITE (Panonychus citri) infested 46 (norm 43) percent of groves; economic in 15 (norm 17) percent. Population near normal and in low range. Increase expected in April, gradual buildup in all districts. Highest district south. TEXAS CITRUS MITE (Eutetranychus banksi) infested 38 (norm 35) percent of groves; economic in 12 (norm 15) percent. At normal low level of abundance in March. Will increase in April, with probability of scattered heavy infestations in most districts. Highest districts south and central. SIXSPOTTED MITE (Eotetranychus sexmaculatus) infested 6 (norm 9) percent of groves;.economic in 1 (norm 1) percent. Slight increase expected. PURPLE SCALE (Lepidosaphes beckii) infested 78 (norm 79) percent of groves; economic in 5 (norm 10) percent. Population will remain below normal and moderate. Highest district north. CHAFF SCALE (Parlatoria pergandii) infested 61 (norm 65) percent of groves; economic in 2 (norm 12) percent. Popula- tion will remain below normal and low. Highest district south. YELLOW SCALE (Aonidiella citrina) infested 36 (norm 65) percent of groves; none economic (norm 12) percent. Will remain below normal in abundance and unimportant. Highest district east. BLACK SCALE (Saissetia oleae) infested 18 (norm 29) percent of groves; economic in 2 (norm 11) percent. Population expected to remain below normal and low through May. Highest district west. An ARMORED SCALE (Unaspis citri) infested 29 percent of groves; economic in 19 percent. Population heavier than any prior month and will increase. APHIDS infested 22 (norm 24) percent of groves; economic in 1 (norm 1) percent. Increase will be rapid until mid-April, then decrease. In groves defoliated by cold, aphids will occur on new growth through May. WHITEFLY adult population will increase to a high level normal for April peak, then decrease. (W.A, Simanton (Citrus Expt. Sta., Lake Alfred)). AN ARMORED SCALE (Unaspis citri) - FLORIDA - Severe on variety of citrus trees at grove in Ft. Pierce, St. Lucie County, Mareh 31. (Kendrick). - 263 - CITRUS THRIPS (Scirtothrips citri) - ARIZONA - Present at Deer Valley and Chandler Heights areas, Maricopa County. Being watched for buildup. (Ariz. Coop. Sure). LEAFHOPPERS - ARIZONA - Empoasca spp. and Erythroneura spp. problem in some groves at Chandler Heights, Maricopa County, past few weeks. Controls applied. (Ariz. Coop. Sur.). OTHER TROP. & SUBTROP. FRUITS GREENHOUSE WHITEFLY (Trialeurodes vaporariorum) - CALIFORNIA - Nymphs 10 per leaf on avocado nursery stock at Madera, Madera County. (Cal. Coop. Rpt.). ORNAMENTALS COOLEY SPRUCE GALL APHID (Adelges cooleyi) - OREGON - First eggs of season on Alberta Spruce March 31 at Gresham area nursery, Multnomah County. (Nicolaison). A CONIFER APHID (Cinara tujafilina) - OKLAHOMA - Populations increased on arborvitae in Payne County during past 21 days. Winged adults common for first time this season. Moderate to heavy on evergreens in Cleveland County. (Okla. Coop. Sur.). AN APHID (Eulachnus rileyi) - NEVADA - Medium on Aleppo pine (Pinus halepensis) nursery stock at Las Vegas, Clark County. (Hoff). JUNIPER WEBWORM (Dichomeris marginella) - OREGON - Late instars damaged junipers at several Multnomah and Polk County nurseries. (Long, Nicolaison, Apr. 2). A LEAFHOPPER (Fieberiella florii) - CALIFORNIA - Adults reared from calendula nursery stock at El Centro, Imperial County. F, florii is vector of yellow leaf roll of peaches; calendula is very common bedding plant. (Cal. Coop. Rpt.). A GALL MIDGE (Mayetiola rigidae) - WEST VIRGINIA - Galls heavy on pussy willow shrubs in Raleigh County, March 17. Collected by E. Cochran, Determined by A.E. Cole. (W. Va. Ins. Sur.). FOREST AND SHADE TREES A MIDGE (Pinyonia edulicola) - WYOMING - Collected on pinyon pine at Laramie, Albany County, by E.W. Spackman August 5, 1970. Determined by R.J. Gagne. This is a new State record. (Bitner). EUROPEAN PINE SHOOT MOTH (Rhyacionia buoliana) - WISCONSIN - Overwintered in good condition on mugho pine and young red pine in southeastern counties. (Wis. Ins. Sur.). CANKERWORMS - MICHIGAN ~ Alsophila pometaria (fall cankerworm) adults observed at several locations. Peak adult emergence of Paleacrita vernata (spring canker- worm) and fall cankerworm has not occurred in most areas. (Sauer). NORTH DAKOTA - P. vernata females emerged in Fargo area, Cass County, March 30, about 7 days earlier than in 1970. (Anderson). CONNECTICUT - P. vernata adults active past 2 weeks in Storrs area, Tolland County. (Savos). EASTERN TENT CATERPILLAR (Malacosoma americanum) - TENNESSEE - First larvae of season on flowering quince in Cocke County. (Hammett). FOREST TENT CATERPILLAR (Malacosoma disstria) - WEST VIRGINIA - Based on egg mass survey, noticeable defoliation predicted on 250,000 acres along Ohio River in Ritchie, Pleasants, Tyler, Wetzel, Marshall, and Ohio Counties. Egg mass counts: 8 in Pleasants County, 9 in Tyler County, 6 in Wetzel County, and 24 in Marshall County. Counts on ten 30-inch branch samples per plot. (W. Va. Ins. Sur., Mar. 22). - 264 - ELM CALLIGRAPHA (Calligrapha scalaris) - KANSAS - One adult found on ground under American elm at Whitewater, Butler County. (Iselin). MAN AND ANIMALS SCREWWORM (Cochliomyia hominivorax) - Three cases reported in U.S. April 4-10 as follows: TEXAS - Duval, Starr, and Jim Wells. Total of 57 laboratory-confirmed cases reported in portion of Barrier Zone in Republic of Mexico as follows: Sonora 8, Chihuahua 12, Coahuila 2, Nuevo Leon 8, Tamaulipas 27. Total of 26 cases reported in Mexico south of Barrier Zone. Barrier Zone is area where eradication operation underway to prevent establishment of self-sustaining population in U.S. Sterile screwworm flies released: Texas 28,548,000; Arizona 3,820,000; Mexico 111,170,000. (Anim. Health Div.). CATTLE GRUBS (Hypoderma spp.) - NORTH DAKOTA - Total of 1,316 head of cattle checked; 10 percent of animals infested. Grubs ranged 1-60 (averaged 6.5) per infested animal at 8 livestock auctions during period March 15 to April 2. This is decrease from 30-percent infestation found in 1970. However, 6.5 grubs per infested animal is increase from 4 grubs found last year. (Brandvik, Kaatz). KENTUCKY - H. lineatum (common cattle grub) larvae averaged 1.6 per animal on backs of Holstein dairy cows of various ages in Fayette County. (Barnett). HORN FLY (Haematobia irritans) - OKLAHOMA - Averaged 200 per head on cows and ranged up to 1,000 per head on bulls in Payne County. (Okla. Coop. Sur.). MOSQUITOES - INDIANA - Fourth instars of Aedes grossbecki taken in Spencer County; A. canadensis and A. stimulans collected from Single pool in Sullivan County. Fourth instar CulisSeta inornata collected in Dubois County. (Meyer). ARKANSAS - Culex pipiens quinquefasciatus (southern house mosquito) increasing and becoming locally abundant in Phillips County. Eggs very heavy. (Meisch, Dayhoff). UTAH - Aedes dorsalis larvae found in Salt Lake County. (Graham). A. dorsalis larvae common in Weber County salt-grass areas; A. increpitus larvae up to 200 per dip in pools along river; no adults yet of either Species. Few overwintering Culex tarsalis adults emerging from hibernation (Fronk, Apr. 1); adults occasionally found in homes at Logan, Cache County, (Knowlton). FACE FLY (Musca autumnalis) - IDAHO - Annoying in home at Elk River, Clearwater County, April 5. (Portman). NEW HAMPSHIRE - Several thousand adults resting on exterior walls of barn April 1-5 at Lee, Strafford County. (Blickle). AMERICAN DOG TICK (Dermacentor variabilis) - MARYLAND - First adults of season recovered from dog at Greenbelt, Prince Georges County. (U. Md., Ent. Dept.). HOUSEHOLDS AND STRUCTURES BROWN SPIDER BEETLE (Ptinus clavipes) us IOWA -— Found in home in Buena Vista County; sent in for identification March 19. This is a new county record. (Iowa Inns, Swe.) A DRYWOOD TERMITE (Marginitermes hubbardi) - ARIZONA - Infestation in floor of home at Yuma, Yuma County. Home fumigated. Determined by B. Nutting. (Ariz. Coop. Sur.). BENEFICIAL INSECTS A BRACONID (Lysiphlebus testaceipes) - OKLAHOMA - Parasitism by this species very heavy in greenbug infested wheat throughout southwest area; giving good control in many fields. Parasitism ranged 20-30 percent in 3 wheatfields in southeast Major County and one field in Cleveland County. Light parasitism in most wheat in Payne and Garfield Counties, and in heavily infested Dewey County field. (Okla. Coop. Sur.). - 265 - HONEY BEE (Apis mellifera) - WYOMING - In 3 alfalfa fields near Veteran, Goshen County. (Bitner). UTAH - Survival good in Cache and Weber Counties; only 2-3 percent winter loss. In some inbred lines, loss was 10-12 percent for experimen- tal bees. Honey surplus extremely low. (Nye). CONVERGENT LADY BEETLE (Hippodamia convergens) - OKLAHOMA - Larvae ranged 4-20 per linear foot of wheat in Southeast Major County. Ranged 0-5 per linear foot in most wheat in Payne, Garfield, Dewey, Cleveland, and Oklahoma Counties. Ranged 0-4 per square foot of alfalfa in Blaine, Cleveland, and Oklahoma Counties. (Okla. Coop. Sur.). FEDERAL AND STATE PLANT PROTECTION PROGRAMS A GRASSHOPPER (Oedaleonotus enigma) - IDAHO - First instar nymphs light south of Glenns Ferry, Elmore County, April 1. (Evans). WHITEFRINGED BEETLES (Graphognathus spp.) - ALABAMA - Larvae destroyed 5-acre stand of field corn in Houston County. Larvae destroyed first and second plantings of tomatoes in home garden in same county. (Stephenson, Wilson). DETECTION New State Records - GREENBUG (Schizaphis graminum) OREGON - Umatilla County (p. 259). A MIDGE (Pinyonia edulicola) WYOMING — Albany County (p. 263). New County Records - ALFALFA WEEVIL (Hypera postica) OKLAHOMA - Cleveland, Oklahoma, Blaine (p. 260). BROWN SPIDER BEETLE (Ptinus clavipes) IOWA - Buena Vista (p. 264). CORRECTIONS CEIR 21(14):213 WOOLLY WHITEFLY (Aleurothrixus floccosus) - CALIFORNIA - Delete note. Specimen misidentified. (Cal. Coop. Rpt.). CEIR 21(15):235 AN ARMORED SCALE (Clavaspis subsimilis) - FLORIDA - Delete note. Collection misidentified. (Fla. Coop. Sur.). This deletion should be made under DETECTION on pages 229 and 236 also. (PPD). - 266 - HAWAII INSECT REPORT Turf and Pasture - GRASS WEBWORM (Herpetogramma licarsisalis) larvae generally trace, aS many aS 3 (average less than 0.5) per Square foot, in spots in 100+ acres of Kikuyu grass (Pennisetum clandestinum) and Pangola grass (Digitaria decumbens) at Hana, Maui. Larval activity near nil in pastures at other areas in Hana and Waihee. On Oahu, larvae and adults generally trace in windward areas; adults light, average 15 per 10 sweeps, in mixed stand of border grass at Mililani Memorial Park. (Ah Sam et al.). General Vegetables - BEET ARMYWORM (Spodoptera exigua) larvae moderate in 0.25 acre of bulb onion at Waipouli, Kauai; many leaves with 3-4, Generally trace to light in green onion fields at Waianae, Oahu; larvae range from 1 per 20 plants in 0.l-acre field to 1 per plant in 0.25-acre planting. (Sugawa, Kawamura) . All stages of SWEETPOTATO WEEVIL (Cylas formicarius elegantulus) light to moderate in 4 acres of sweetpotato at Hoolehua, Molokai. (Fujimoto). Ornamentals - COCONUT SCALE (Aspidiotus destructor) infested about 20 percent of 100+ Chinese privet (Ligustrum Sinense) hedge plants at Honolulu, Oahu; 5 percent of leaves on infested plants moderately affected. This is a new host record. Larvae and adults of a LADY BEETLE (Telsimia nitida) and adults of APHELINID WASPS (Aphytis spp.) light on infested foliage. (Namiki, Kashiwai). HAWAIIAN THRIPS (Taeniothrips hawaiiensis) moderate to heavy (up to 300 nymphs and adults per blossom) on gardenia (Gardenia jasminoides) at Kaneohe, Oahu; nymphs and adults moderate (100+ per blossom) on 20 of Same host at Milalani Memorial Park. (Funasaki, Kawamura). General Pests - CORN EARWORM (Heliothis zea) larvae heavy in small planting of Tettuce (about 80 percent of leaves damaged) and in 0.l-acre planting of carna- tion (buds severely damaged) at Waipouli, Kauai. Moderate in buds of small back- yard planting of roses at Wailua, Kauai. Larvae trace (about 1 per 25 ears) in 5 acres of mature corn at Waianae, Oahu. (Sugawa, Kawamura). Moderate numbers of VAGRANT GRASSHOPPER (Schistocerca vaga) and PINKWINGED GRASSHOPPER (Atractomorpha sinensis) feeding on leaves of Sweetpotato in small backyard planting at Ewa, Oahu. Adults of S. vaga moderate in weed growth adjacent to small backyard farms in same area. (Au). Larvae and adults of THREELINED POTATO BEETLE (Lema trilineata) heavy in small backyard planting of eggplant at Kuau, Maui; heavy on wild Solana—_ ceous plants in Pulehu. Larvae and adults heavy on Jimson weed (Datura stramonium) in marginal land adjacent to large acreage of corn at Waianae, Oahu. (Miyahira, Kawamura). Beneficial Insects - About 75-95 percent of Ceroplastes cirripediformis (barnacle Scale) nymphs in moderate infestation on 40 acres of passionfruit at Kahului, Maui, parasitized by various wasps, primarily an ENCYRTID WASP (Coccidoxenus mexicanus). (Ah Sam, Miyahira). LIGHT TRAP COLLECTIONS FLORIDA - Gainesville, 4/2-9, BL - Armyworm (Pseudaletia unipuncta) 1, beet armyworm (Spodoptera exigua) 1, black cutworm (Agrotis ipSilon) 1, granulate cutworm (Feltia subterranea) 4, variegated cutworm (Peridroma saucia) 2, yellowstriped armyworm (Spodoptera ornithogalli) 1. MISSISSIPPI -— Stoneville, 3/2-8, 2BL, 34-70°F., precip. 0.19 = Armyworm 98, black cutworm 32, variegated cutworm 21. MISSOURJ - Platte County, 3/31-4/7, BL - Black cutworm 7. TEXAS - Waco, 3/2-8, BL - Armyworm 35, beet armyworm 4, black cutworm 8, corn earworm (Heliothis zea) 1, granulate cutworm 24, saltmarsh caterpillar (Estigmene acrea) 2. variegated cutworm 32, yellowstriped armyworm 2. SUMMARY OF INSECT CONDITIONS IN THE UNITED STATES - 1970 (Continued from page 256) ORNAMENTALS Highlights: BAGWORM damage was heavy on Shrubs in most areas. MIMOSA WEBWORM was heavy on mimosa and honeylocust in New Jersey. CABBAGE LOOPER, SOYBEAN LOOPER, and BEET ARMYWORM were troublesome on field-grown flowers in Florida. ARMORED SCALES were a problem on ornamentals in several States. BAGWORM (Thyridopteryx ephemeraeformis) hatching began the first week of May in Payne County, OKLAHOMA. Counts were moderate to heavy in most areas on evergreens during June, July, and August; and were the heaviest in 35 years in Mayes County in mid-July. By September 8, of the bags checked, 8 percent still contained larvae, the remainder had pupated or died, and 10 percent had been destroyed by parasites. Damage on junipers by this pest was generally more severe than uSual in eastern KANSAS and much treating was done. In NEBRASKA, first instars were active at Lincoln, Lancaster County, May 29. Populations were generally heavier than in 1969. Damage to junipers was heavy in several eastern cities. Bagworm caused heavy defoliation in scattered areas of MISSOURI. Most damage was confined to ornamentals; however, defoliation was noted on natural-growing eastern redcedar on the Pomme de Terre Reservoir. Damage is expected to continue in 1971. Bagworm continues to be the most common pest of ornamental evergreens in Missouri. In OHIO, phone calls and reports indicated bagworm was heavy. The most commonly attacked plants were juniper and arborvitae, and usually damage was most serious to isolated unsprayed shrubs around homes. Small larvae were found in early June feeding on oaks in central Ohio, and other reports of early damage to various shade and evergreen trees were received. The first indications of pupation occurred in early August, but reports of larval feeding continued into September. Parasitic wasps were observed near some bagworm populations during the pupal stage. Larvae were heavy the last of May in middle TENNESSEE and were common elsewhere. Heavy damage was noted in all areas to native "cedars" and to arborvitae around homes and office buildings. Controls were not applied in most cases until larvae were too large and pesticides were not effective. This pest was reported on arborvitae and rose throughout SOUTH CAROLINA, including Cherokee and Horry Counties. Bagworm was the most destructive pest to coniferous shrubs throughout ALABAMA. Larvae of several NOCTUID MOTHS were troublesome on field-grown flowers in Manatee County, FLORIDA. CABBAGE LOOPER (Trichoplusia ni) was abundant on the spring and fall crops of chrysanthemum and GypSophila and damage was severe to the spring crop of snapdragon and gladiolus. Moths appeared to migrate from the south. Larval mortality was heavy due to a disease during late spring. SOYBEAN LOOPER (Pseudoplusia includens) was the second most common noctuid on gladiolus, chrysanthemum, and Snapdragon. This species was also easier to control than Cabbage looper. During the spring and summer BEET ARMYWORM (Spodoptera exigua) was heavy on chrysanthemum and gladiolus; lighter on petunia, geraniums, carnations, and statice. This pest was scarce during the fall on these crops. Chemical control was about 80 percent effective on this species. IRIS BORER (Macronoctua onusta) was reported from CALIFORNIA for a new State record on July 1. Larvae were recovered from iris rhizomes at Sacramento, Sacramento County. Eradication treatments were applied. A TORTRICID MOTH (Choristoneura houstonana) was active on ornamental junipers in late May in KANSAS, but no later reports were received. Cc. zZapulata heavily damaged various ornamentals including cotoneaster, pyracantha, and rose in southern Washoe County, NEVADA, in late May and early June. - 267 - 268 OL6T ‘TE tequeoed _ vasn aoTArag yoreasey qyeanypnorasy UOTSTATA woT}09}0Id JET uot}oazeq pue AeArng yoasuT oTwoucog ut potedoid TL6L ‘89%? (9T) Te *qdy “sul ‘wood *doo9 Py “a3y "yded *s° ZX a Gj 6 : | : P te j > 5 E AG ce a i | ion 4 d ut - " e : | GOLDENEYE LACEWING (Chrysopa oculata) - ALABAMA - Larvae ranged 1-3 per sweep ~ of crimson clover in southwest areas. Adults plentiful. (McQueen). = 298) = FEDERAL AND STATE PLANT PROTECTION PROGRAMS CEREAL LEAF BEETLE (Oulema melanopus) - MICHIGAN - First adult of season on April 12 at Gull Lake, Kalamazoo County. Second specimen in emergence cage; third adult in rotary flight trap. (Pepper). GRASSHOPPERS - OKLAHOMA —- Hatch of several species underway in western half of Love County and eastern half of Jefferson County, small nymphs moderate. Light hatch in western Jefferson County and in Tillman, Jackson, Kiowa, and Greer Counties. (Okla. Coop. Sur.). NORTH DAKOTA - Percent egg development in Cass County: Clear 2, coagulated 20, eye spot 44, segmented 44. Melanoplus bivittatus (twostriped grasshopper) dominant. Percent egg development in Richland and Ransom Counties: Clear 8, coagulated 32, eye spot 35, segmented 25. M. sanguinipes (migatory grasshopper) dominant. Eggs averaged 7.2 pods per square foot in field margins and 2.2 in alfalfa fields. Carabid and beefly larvae (egg predators) averaged 1.2 at all locations; 1.4 percent of pods showed damage and 1 percent desiccated. Primary hatch with favorable weather should occur earlier than last year. Populations expected to be heavier than in 1970. (Brandvik). RANGE CATERPILLAR (Hemileuca oliviae) - NEW MEXICO - Egg surveys in early April indicate populations lighter than expected in Colfax, Harding, and Union Counties in relation to heavy moth counts in 1970. Heaviest egg counts in several years noted in Lincoln County. (PPD). CORRECTIONS CEIR 21(13):193 - First paragraph. 'New State Record - Adults ... feeding on poinciana ... Should read ... feeding on royal poinciana (Delonix regia) ." (Kawamura) © CEIR 21(15) :246 - Paragraph 6, lines 2 and 3: HUMAN FLEA (Pulex irritans) should read A FLEA (Pulex Simulans). CEIR 21(16) :280 - Sixth paragraph. ''PINE SPITTLEBUG (Aphrophora parallella) ... should read ... PINE SPITTLEBUG (Aphrophora parallela).'' Page 286, line 7, "A SEED BEETLE (Amblycerus robinae) ... should read ... A SEED BEETLE (Amblycerus robiniae)." (PPD). LIGHT TRAP COLLECTIONS MISSISSIPPI - Stoneville, 4/9-15, temp. 44-81°F., precip. 0, 2BL - Armyworm (Pseudaletia unipuncta) 210, black cutworm (Agrotis ipsilon) 47, granulate cutworm (Feltia Subterranea) 2, variegated cutworm (Peridroma Saucia) 36. MISSOURI - Pemiscott County, 4/12-16, BL - Armyworm 11. NORTH CAROLINA - Beaufort, 4/7-12, BL - Granulate cutworm (Estigmene acrea) 6. TEXAS - Waco, 4/8-15, BL - Armyworm 50, beet armyworm (Spodoptera exigua) 28, black cutworm 46, corn earworm (Heliothis zea) 10, granulate Cutworm 99, pink bollworm (Pectinophora gossypiella) 1, Saltmarsh Caterpillar 2, tobacco budworm (Heliothis virescens) 1, variegated cutworm 37, yellowstriped armyworm (Prodenia ornithogalli) 5. - 299 - HAWAIT INSECT REPORT New State Record - COTTON LEAFPERFORATOR (Bucculatrix thurberiella) adults reared from larvae found feeding on native Hawaiian cotton (Gossypium Sandvicense) at Nanakuli, Oahu, on March 30, 1971, by J.W. Beardsley. Determined by E.C. Zimmerman. (Beardsley). Sugarcane - SUGARCANE LEAFROLLER (Hedylepta accepta) larvae caused moderate damage in 375 acres of 5 to 6-month-old sugarcane at Honokaa, Hawaii; heavy parasitism by braconid wasps and tachinids. (Ota). Lawn, Turf - Adults of a SKIPPER (Hylephila phyleus) moderate to heavy on Bermuda grass lawns (Cynodon sp.) at Halawa, Oahu; larvae nil. (Au). Forest and Shade Trees - KIAWE FLOWER LOOPER (Cosymbia serrulata) larvae heavy, aS many as 9 (average 5) per raceme, in 200+ acres of kiawe (Prosopis pallida) at Waimea and Kekaha, Kauai. Racemes severely damaged; denuded spikes near 100 per- cent on most trees. (Sugawa). Man _ and Animals — Trapped 25 VEXANS MOSQUITO (Aedes vexans nocturnus) and 1,336 SOUTHERN HOUSE MOSQUITO (Culex pipiens quinquefasciatus) in 55 light traps on Oahu during March. Aedes up to 14 per trap at Laie and Culex up to 240 per trap at Kaneohe. (Mosq. Cont. Br., Dept. of Health). Beneficial Insects - Examination of fruits, flowers, and terminals of Melastoma Malabathricum (Indian rhododendron) showed average infestations by MELASTOMA BORER (Selea brunella) of 13 percent at various areas on Hawaii; 16 and 15 percent on fruits at Hanahanapuni and Knudsen Gap, Kauai, respectively. (Yoshioka, Sugawa). Random survey of Pluchea sp. flowers showed average infestation by SOURBUSH SEED FLY (Acinia picturata) of 26 percent at Komohana, Kulani, and Hawaiian Homes, Hawaii. A. picturata introduced in 1959 from Guatemala to control Pluchea spp. (Yoshioka). Miscellaneous Pests - Application of cinder-mix poison bait for GIANT AFRICAN SNAIL (Achatina fulica) made on about 30 acres at Poipu, Kauai, during March, Total of 302 Snails destroyed in additional baiting at Poipu and 9 at Wahiawa. Surveys revealed one live snail at Kailua, Hawaii, about 4 miles from original infestation at Kahaluu. Additional surveys negative and bait applied in this area. (Sugawa, Yoshioka). OLEANDER APHID (Aphis nerii) specimens found on Gomphocarpus physocarpus near Pahala, Hawaii, by J.W. Beardsley and R.J. Gagne on April 2, 1971. This iS a new island and host record. Previously reported only from the islands of Oahu and Kauai. (Beardsley). DETECTION New United States Record - An ARMORED SCALE (Exuviaspis enceliae Ferris) CALIFORNIA - Riverside County (p. 293). New State Record - COTTON LEAFPERFORATOR (Bucculatrix thurberiella) HAWAII - Oahu Island (p. 299). New County and Island Records - ALFALFA WEEVIL (Hypera postica) OKLAHOMA - Payne, Noble, Pawnee, Logan, Kingfisher (p. 293). AN ARMORED SCALE (Rugaspidiotus nebulosus) CALIFORNIA - Riverside (p. 293). OLEANDER APHID (Aphis nerii) HAWAII — Hawaii (p. 299). A SCAVENGER BEETLE (Stephostethus liratus) WEST VIRGINIA - Mineral (p. 297). - 300 - WEATHER OF THE WEEK ENDING APRIL 19 HIGHLIGHTS: Beneficial rains fell in parts of the dry Southwest but many areas need more moisture. Little or no rain fell in the Southeast. Moisture is especially short in central and southern Florida. PRECIPITATION: Dry sunny weather prevailed over most of the Nation early in the week. Precipitation was sparse and widely scattered. Light snow flurries occurred in Wyoming, Idaho, and southwestern Montana Monday and a few thunderstorms occurred in Wisconsin, Lower Michigan, and northeastern Iowa. Moline, Illinois, received 0.26 inch of rain Tuesday ending a 23-day dry spell. Dust storms in the Southwest reduced visibility to near zero at times. A low off the California coast moved southeastward to northern Mexico. It produced some light to moderate showers in the thirsty area from southern California to western Texas and moderate to heavy showers over central and eastern Texas. The showers brought some relief to areas that have received little rain in several months. Flash flooding occurred along some of the streams. Much of the Deep South received no rain during the week. ss TEMPERATURE: High pressure brought an abundance of sunny weather to much of the Nation last week. One high was centered over Wyoming early in the week, another covered the Deep South. The Mississippi River Valley warmed to the 80's Monday afternoon. Chicago, Illinois, registered 86°. Among the hottest spots in the Nation were Buckeye, Coolidge, and Youngstown, all in Arizona where the mercury soared to 85° Tuesday. Temperatures ranged widely from 12° at Laramie, Wyoming, to 98° at Gila Bend, Arizona. The Atlantic seaboard continued warm. Richmond, Virginia, recorded 88° Tuesday afternoon. Sharp cooling occurred in the East late Tuesday | and early Wednesday. The temperature at Philipsburg, Pennsylvania, dropped from 82° Tuesday afternoon to 34° Wednesday morning and climbed only to 46° Wednesday afternoon. Richmond, Virginia, registered 23° Thursday morning, 45° cooler than Wednesday afternoon. The Northeast remained cool with maximums in New York and Pennsylvania mostly in the 40's and 50's. The northern and central Great Plains warmed to the 80's on Thursday when the mercury at Pierre, South Dakota, reached 88°. A weak disturbance in the Southwest brought clouds, light precipitation, and cooler temperatures. The temperature at Phoenix, Arizona, reached 87° Wednesday afternoon but no higher than 65° Thursday. Cool weather spread eastward reaching the Great Plains Friday. The Northeast experienced a cool weekend but weekend temperatures over the Deep South continued mild, Temperatures averaged slightly cooler than normal in California, Nevada, the Northwest, in New York, New England, along the Atlantic seaboard from New Jersey to Wilmington, North Carolina, in Florida, and southern Louisiana, Elsewhere, temperatures averaged slightly above normal, Parts of the central Great Plains averaged 6° to 10° above normal, (Summary supplied by Environmental Data Service, ESSA). Boll Weevil Survival Surveys - Spring 1971 Spring collections of surface ground (woods) trash samples (two square yards per sample) have been completed in six Southern States. Wherever possible, samples were taken from the same locations that were sampled in fall 1970. The number of boll weevil (Anthonomus grandis) adults per acre of ground trash examined and the percent survival are reported in the following paragraphs. For details of the fall (1970) hibernation survey in these six States, see CEIR 21(6) :61-64. In NORTH and SOUTH CAROLINA, samples were collected during the period March 19-24 in the same four representative areas in which examinations were made in fall 1970. In each area, 30 locations (farm sites) were sampled with 3 samples taken at each location. The areas are as follows: South-central South Carolina (Orangeburg, Dorchester, and Bamberg Counties), Coastal Plain of South and North Carolina (Florence, Darlington, and Marlboro Counties, S.C., and Scotland County, N.C.) , Piedmont section of South and North Carolina (Greenville, Ander- son, and Spartanburg Counties, 8.C., and Mecklenburg, Cleveland, and Union Counties, N.C.), and North-central North Carolina (Northampton, Nash, Halifax, and Edgecombe Counties). The average number of live weevils in these areas was 484, 2,500, 726, and 80, respectively. Percent survival for these areas was 25.4, 39.1, 31.4, and 11.9, respectively. Percent survival was lowest in North- central North Carolina and highest in the Coastal Plain of South and North Carolina, In Florence County, South Carolina, where spring examinations have been made Since 1938, an average of 4,304 weevils per acre was found in spring 1971. This is a winter survival of 42.6 percent, the highest since 1965. (Taft, Hopkins) . Survey in TENNESSEE was conducted from March 14 through April 5 in Hardin, McNairy, Hardeman, and Fayette Counties. Spring counts indicate an average of 747 live weevils per acre, a survival of 64 percent. There are enough weevils to cause concern during the 1971 season if weather conditions are favorable for weevil reproduction. The critical period will be about the first of July. (Locke). Collections in MISSISSIPPI were started March 4 and all examinations completed by March 11. Three samples were taken from each location, and 7 or 8 locations were sampled in each county. Two counties made up each area and the State was divided into the following four areas: South Delta (Sharkey and Yazoo Counties) , Central Delta (Washington and Leflore Counties), North Delta (Coahoma and Panola Counties) , and Hill Section (Holmes and Tate Counties). Forty-five samples were taken from 15 locations in each of the 4 areas. The average number of weevils per acre was 1,026 in the South Delta, 378 in the Central Delta, 594 in the North Delta, and 1,458 in the Hill Section. The State average for 1971 was 864 compared with 229 in 1970, 810 in 1969, 540 in 1968, and 1,525 in 1967. Percent survival by area was: South Delta 33.9, Central Delta 30.4, North Delta 78.6, and Hill Section 22.1. The State average percent Survival was 29.77 compared with 7.39 in 1970, 29.27 in 1969, 8.57 in 1968, and 51.60 in 1967. (Pfrimmer). Survey in northeast LOUISIANA was conducted March 8-17. Collections were made at 45 locations in the 5-parish area as follows: Madison 20 locations, Tensas 10 locations, and 5 locations each in East Carroll, West Carroll, and Richland Parishes. A total of 135 samples was taken. The average number of weevils per acre of trash was 3,146 in Madison Parish, 2,017 in Tensas Parish, 7,257 in East Carroll Parish, 1,128 in West Carroll Parish, and 11,778 in Richland Parish, or an average of 4,087 weevils per acre for the 5-parish area. Winter survival in the area was 48.3 percent compared with 29 percent in 1970. In Madison Parish, where the records have been made for the past 35 years, there have been only three years when the number of weevils has been higher than in spring 1971. A total of 16.23 inches of rain fell on 45 days from November 25, 1970, to March 17, 1971, the period between fall and spring ground trash collections. - 301 - - 302 - There were 38 days during this period when the temperature was 32°F, or less and 11 days when the temperature was 25°F, or less, There were two days when the temperature did not exceed 32°F. The lowest temperature recorded was 20°F, on January 26 and February 9. (Cleveland et al.). In central TEXAS, spring collections were started March 8 and all examinations completed by March 11 in Falls, Hill, Limestone, and McLennan Counties. Three samples were taken from each location and 6 or 7 locations were sampled in each county; 75 samples were taken from 25 locations in the 4 counties. The average number of weevils found per acre was 2,016 in Falls County, 1,613 in Hill County, 3,091 in Limestone County, and 1,728 in McLennan County, with an area average of 3,392. Winter survival was 59.8 percent compared with 15.7 in 1970, 70 in 1969, 14.4 in 1968, and 26.5 in 1967. In the 12 years the survey has been conducted, only 3 years (1960, 1965, and 1969) had higher indicated survival than 1971, Percent survival was higher in 1971 than any year except 1965 and 1969. Winter weather was mild with subfreezing temperatures on only 29 days. A minimum of 19°F. was recorded February 8. For the period November 1, 1969, through March 8, 1971, rainfall totaled 2.45 inches, or 7.30 inches below normal for the period. (Cowan). - 303 - BOLL WEEVIL SURVIVAL SURVEYS - SPRING 1971 Number of Weevils per Acre Area (County and State) 1970 1971 NORTH and SOUTH CAROLINA South-central South Carolina (Orangeburg, Bamberg, and Dorchester Counties). 188 484 Coastal Plain of South and North Carolina (Florence, Darlington, and Marlboro Counties, 8.C., Scotland Counity, N.G.)’. 188 2,500 Piedmont of South and North Carolina (Anderson, Greenville, and Spartanburg Counties, S.C.; Mecklenburg, Cleveland, and Union Counties, N.C.). 108 726 North Central North Carolina (Nash, Halifax, Northampton, and Edgecombe Counties). 108 80 TENNESSEE Southern Tier of Counties (Fayette, Hardeman, McNairy, and Hardin Counties). 605 747 MISSISSIPPI South Delta (Sharkey and Yazoo Counties). 270 1,026 Central Delta (Washington and Leflore Counties). 0 378 North Delta (Coahoma and Panola Counties). 270 594 Hill Section (Holmes and Tate Counties). 378 1,458 LOUISIANA Northeastern (Madison, Tensas, East Carroll, West Carroll, and Richland Parishes). 1,044 4,087 TEXAS Central (Falls, Hill, Limestone, and McLennan Counties) . 250 2,030 TL6L ‘POe-LOE? (LT) TZ eqdy *Sul °uoou *doop “r3y °yded °Ss*n - 304 = yser}2 punois FO 9108 nN goed S[TTAd9eM TTOG 2ATT = soinst wy IL61 DNIUdS - SATAUNS IVAIAUNS "TIATAM T10d ERAS 2989 b BOATION Ye tideiinggsyet? ssaw et fetid 7 ’ xu - UNITED STATES DEPARTMENT OF AGRICULTURE Hyattsville, Maryland 20782 OFFICIAL BUSINESS _ POSTAGE & FEES PAID United States Department of Agriculture 0004 USENLINATA122 03001 0001 US ENTOMOLOGY LIBRARY DEPT ENTOM NATIONAL MUSEUM WASHINGTON DC 20560 VOL. 21 No. 18 April 30, 1971. Cooperative | ECONOMIC INSECT REPORT | | WAYS 197% Issued by Nigep aries 7 PLANT PROTECTION DIVISION AGRICULTURAL RESEARCH SERVICE UNITED STATES DEPARTMENT OF AGRICULTURE. AGRICULTURAL RESEARCH SERVICE PLANT PROTECTION DIVISION ECONOMIC INSECT SURVEY AND DETECTION The Cooperative Economic Insect Report is issued weekly as a service to American Agriculture. Its contents are compiled from information Supplied by cooperating State, Federal, and industrial entomologists and other agricul- tural workers. In releasing this material the Division serves as a clearing house and does not assume responsi- bility for accuracy of the material. To facilitate mailroom handling, all reports, inquiries, and other matters pertaining to this release, including the mailing list, should be sent to: The Editors, CEIR Economic Insect Survey and Detection Plant Protection Division, ARS, USDA Federal Center Building Hyattsville, Maryland 20782 Volume 21 April 30; L971 Number 18 COOPERATIVE ECONOMIC INSECT REPORT HIGHLIGHTS Current Conditions ALFALFA WEEVIL damaged alfalfa in Tennessee, Illinois, Missouri, Arkansas, and California. (pp. 308-309). ASPARAGUS APHID egg hatch in New Jersey. (p. 310). PINE NEEDLE SCALE damaged ponderosa pine in Washington. (p. 311). KHAPRA BEETLE recovered from retail grocery in Arizona. (p. 313). Single MEXICAN FRUIT FLY male trapped in California. (p. 313). & CITRUS BLACKFLY found in area comprising 200 city blocks at Brownsville, Texas, First infestation in U.S. since last discovered in 1955. (p. 313). Predictions Potential exists for TARNISHED PLANT BUG to be heavy and damaging on tree fruits in New York. (p. 310). CEREAL LEAF BEETLE potential high for economic damage to small grain in southeast and northwest Michigan. (p. 313). Detection For new county records see page 314. Special Report Distribution of Alfalfa Looper. Map. (p. 316). Some First Occurrences of Season MEADOW SPITTLEBUG nymphs in Maryland. GRAPE LEAFFOLDER adult in Florida. NANTUCKET PINE TIP MOTH adults in Virginia. MOURNINGCLOAK BUTTERFLY adult in Utah. HORN FLY adults in Maryland. GYPSY MOTH larvae in New Jersey. CEREAL LEAF BEETLE adults in Pennsylvania. Reports in this 1sSue are for week ending April 23 unless otherwise indicated. - 305 - - 306 - CONTENTS Special Insects of Regional Significance...............0.0. aiicieneuereuenshenenetene siete tape uetene 307 Insects Affecting Corn, Sorghume ysugayncamney yee rctee 30%) iGeneral Vegetables 5.2.5... sone 310 Small Grasnsieacaen re tenetenere ecmereese tne 308 Deciduous Fruits and Nuts......... 310 Turf, Pastures, Rangeland.......... SOs} Cslineis. 55645 Bie lal reua\ier s) acailai/aWcl-cipsiteteoneuenen ene 310 HOraAge LE SUMS. sin esieierel site ove eiekeha es Oke 308, .S5mallweruiits sss sac aeienec eo ae eee 311 COC OM ore aie stevsuerale hale va olkeuelierene anaiencuaheuettete 309 Forest and Shade Trees............ 311 MODACO. sisveteveneicce steno aueviaeleterenaereercnalrsie S09 Mane ald erAnniainaylisissi ane seamen poe SuparivBee tsi ccccnveaeyseoretsccucr ochehatetet 309 Households and Structures..... 5 312 Beneficial TnSSctS ewes sesea eyed at over e Hnet oh ever dol aha) ahah ab ehev el shen odeheyehhoks sera th. ASN eee 313 hederal and) Sitate: Plant yProtecwioneerogramSige sens seco ooo eee 313 Haiwadas Insiecit) "Re poiritys cesses ciepev ede ehelclebencner chaos O EREEOREND SO Caco. ie ton 030 cae ob Mein nits. 6. 0.00 50 0 314 De tee FLOM sss 6 sed cies sec siel sete wiletteaecenellaus, ater suwite’ oueiraneneilouss /auisbuuccionelve) Sue hemesielisniee oh omelet abe lanai tslcc Pence oR tema 314 Light. Trap) Collec tions... saS/sjsscncvevere eae oyese shes euanehehee ones ays Sib SY secrete Soe ols SL 5) Distribution ‘of “Alfalfa: LOopexs !Malpics cic sist stewenerer crane sieve oso cine clChoe eo aeo oie oae ene 316 WEATHER OF THE WEEK ENDING APRIL 26 HIGHLIGHTS: Generous rains fell in parts of the central Great Plains and much of the Southeast. A weekend storm dumped heavy snow in Wyoming with lighter amounts in nearby States. Southern Florida continues dry. The West was unusually cool. PRECIPITATION: A storm centered over the central Rocky Mountains early in the week, Spread a variety of stormy weather from the intermountain region to the Mississippi River Valley. Several inches of snow fell in the mountains in Wyoming and Colorado, with lighter amounts in Utah, Nevada, Arizona, and New Mexico. Snow flurries occurred at El Paso, Texas, early Monday morning. Snow is unusual in April in El Paso. The storm brought heavy rain to La Junta, Colorado, 3.12 inches in the 24 hours ending at noon Monday. Heavy thunderstorms occurred in portions of the central and southern Great Plains, a few tornadoes struck western Texas. Hail as large as tennis balls fell at La Pryor, Texas. One-inch hail fell at Cotulla, Texas. Heavy rains spread northward to the northern Great Plains Monday night and Tuesday. Numerous localities received from 1 to 2+ inches. Local flooding occurred in southeastern Oklahoma and 3-inch rains pushed some streams in south-central Nebraska out of their banks. Gusty winds in portions of California and the intermountain region raised clouds of sand and dust. At Daggett, California, winds gusted to 61 m.p.h., visibility dropped to 0.5 mile. Generous rains eased the Serious drought that prevailed in many areas, other localities continued dry. Chicago, Illinois, received only 0.29 inches of rain since April 1. This is extremely unusual for Chicago. The stormy weather over mid-America was interrupted briefly at midweek when a high pressure area extended from the Hudson Bay to the middle Mississippi River Valley. Showers continued across the South. Rain also fell in the Great Lakes region and the northern and central Rocky Mountains with snow at higher elevations. As the weekend approached a low pressure system brought numerous thundershowers to the Deep South. Strong winds or tornadoes caused property damage in northern Alabama early Friday morning. Hail up to about 3 inches in diameter fell in the Mont-— gomery, Alabama, vicinity. A tornado at Ideal, Georgia, killed 1 person, injured 15, and caused some damage. The storm in the West intensified over the weekend. It dumped heavy rain at lower elevations and heavy Snow in parts of the inter- mountain region and in the Rocky Mountains in Wyoming. More than a foot of snow fell at Lander, Wyoming, several inches at other locations in Idaho, Montana, Nevada, Utah, Wyoming, and Colorado. Snow mixed with rain fell along the western edge of the Great Plains. Heaviest precipitation totals fell in Wyoming and northern portions of Mississippi and Alabama. No rain or only light scattered showers fell from the southwestern deserts to western Texas. Weather of the week continued on page 314, - 307 - SPECIAL INSECTS OF REGIONAL SIGNIFICANCE ARMY CUTWORM (Euxoa auxiliaris) - MONTANA - Larvae infested 1,280-1,920 acres of winter wheat in Carbon County. (Pratt, Apr. 16). NEBRASKA - Larvae damaged scattered seedling alfalfa near McCook in Red Willow County. No counts available. (Klein). ASTER LEAFHOPPER (Macrosteles fascifrons) - FLORIDA - Adults increased, counts 14 per 100 sweeps of alfalfa at Gainesville, Alachua County, April 21. (Mead). WISCONSIN - Ranged 1-2 per 100 sweeps of alfalfa in Spring Green area of north- eastern Iowa County and 1 per 300 sweeps in eastern Waushara County. Mostly females, occasional male. (Wis. Ins. Sur.). BEET LEAFHOPPER (Circulifer tenellus) - CALIFORNIA - Total of 36,854 acres of winter breeding grounds treated in Kern and Kings Counties. Spring hosts drying; main flights into croplands should begin soon. Results of treatment satisfactory. (Gale Coop, Rpt.) * CORN LEAF APHID (Rhopalosiphum maidis) - NEVADA - Generally lignt, spotty, and declining on small grains in Moapa and Virgin Valleys, Clark County, except in two 80-acre fields with counts of 300+ per linear foot. (Bechtel et al.). UTAH - Numerous in some Washington County barleyfields. (Huber). GREENBUG (Schizaphis graminum) - NEBRASKA - Negative in suction trap at Lincoln and in wheat surveyed in Lancaster and Seward Counties April 21. (Keith, Berogan). OKLAHOMA - Moderate on wheat in Garfield County, light in Payne County. Ranged 0-15 per foot in Logan, Kingfisher, and Canadian Counties. Wheat beginning to head in most fields in these counties. Heavy counts of 2 weeks ago in some fields in Major County controlled by predators and parasites. (Okla. Coop. Sur.). NEW MEXICO - Heavy on Curry County wheat. Controls continue on irrigated wheat. (N.M. Coop. Rpt.). NEVADA - Surveys negative in Virgin Valley, but occasional greenbug on small grains in Moapa Valley, Clark County. (Bechtel et al.). SPOTTED ALFALFA APHID (Therioaphis maculata) - NEW MEXICO - Ranged up to 10 per 25 sweeps of alfalfa in Chaves County. (Mathews). OKLAHOMA - Average per 10 Sweeps of alfalfa: 800 in Canadian County, 50 in Okfuskee County. Heavy in Noble and Jackson Counties, light in Woodward and Pittsburg Counties. Ranged 15-200 per square foot in Payne County. (Okla. Coop. Sur.). CORN, SORGHUM, SUGARCANE EUROPEAN CORN BORER (Ostrinia nubilalis) - NEW YORK - Larvae common in cornstalks on April 18 at Poughkeepsie, Dutchess County; this field not treated during 1970. (N.Y. Wkly. Rpt.). DELAWARE - Pupation of overwintered borers averages 9 percent in Sussex County. (Burbutis, Lesiewicz). NORTH DAKOTA - Borer mortality ranged 0-50 (averaged 21) percent in Cass, Dickey, Ransom, Richland, and Sargent Coun- ties. Decreased from 31 percent in 1970. Populations averaged 8,226 per acre in selected fields in all counties. Fall 1970 populations averaged 10,199 per acre in same fields. (Brandvik, Kaatz). IOWA - Spring survival surveys completed in cornfields in northwest, northeast, central, southwest; and southeast areas. Live borers totaled 296 and dead borers 71 at 45 stops. (Iowa Ins. Sur.). BEET ARMYWORM (Spodoptera exigua) - FLORIDA - Light winter populations began to increase in mid-April; currently increasing on sweet corn at Belle Glade, Palm Beach County. (Janes). FALL ARMYWORM (Spodoptera frugiperda) - FLORIDA - Larvae increasing on sweet corn at Belle Glade, Palm Beach County, damaged buds or stalks in 21 percent of unsprayed corn plants in check plots. Light trap erected April 6; first moths caught April 13. (Janes). - 308 - SMALL GRAINS BROWN WHEAT MITE (Petrobia latens) - NEW MEXICO - Some controls applied to irrigated wheat in Curry County. (N.M. Coop. Rpt.). Generally light on alfalfa in Chaves County. (Mathews). UTAH - Becoming more conspicuous in Washington County grain fields. (Huber). NEVADA - Heavy on 150-300 acres of small grain in Smith Valley, Lyon County. Irrigation used for control. (Batchelder). Very light and spotty in Virgin Valley, damage heavy in drier fields in Moapa Valley, Clark County. (Bechtel et al.). APHIDS (Rhopalosiphum spp.) - NORTH CAROLINA - Infested 15 percent of plants in 1 of 12 ryefields in Harnett and Lee Counties. (Hunt). CALIFORNIA - R. padi ranged 1-2 per sweep of barley in Fresno County; few fields show damage. (Cal. Coop. Rpt.). ENGLISH GRAIN APHID (Macrosiphum avenae) - WISCONSIN - Alates 1 per 100 sweeps in most rye. Single nymph found in Waushara County field. (Wis. Ins. Sur.). PALE WESTERN CUTWORM (Agrotis orthogonia) - NEBRASKA - Larvae still small and difficult to find in Kimball, Banner, Cheyenne, and Morrill Counties. Injured plants ranged 0-3 per linear foot in 25 fields in these counties. (Hagen, Apr. 15). Up to 5 per linear foot on April 20 in one field in Perkins County; damage remains light, controls limited. (Hendrix). TURF, PASTURES, RANGELAND BANKS GRASS MITE (Oligonychus pratensis) - NEVADA - This species and Heterococcus pulverarius (a mealybug) heavy on 120 acres of timothy in Smith Valley, Lyon County. No controls applied. (Batchelder). WHITE GRUBS (Phyllophaga spp.) - ALABAMA - Larval damage heavy to lawns throughout Tallassee in Elmore County. Treatments not satisfactory. (Griffith). FORAGE LEGUMES ALFALFA WEEVIL (Hypera postica) - FLORIDA - Larvae 25 in 100 sweeps of alfalfa at Gainesville, Alachua County. (Mead). Adults presumed present but survey method not satisfactory for adults. Larvae and adults common on crimson clover at Quincey, Gadsden County, April 13. (Greene). TENNESSEE - Populations damaging statewide. Controls applied and effective in most cases. (Gordon). Adults destroyed 20-acre alfalfa field in Fayette County. (Locke). VIRGINIA - Larvae moderate in Amelia, Powhatan, and Goochland Counties, light in Hanover County. (Innes). All stages moderate in Nottoway County. (Innes, Tate). Averaged 4 per tip at Red Oak, Charlotte County. (Perry). First instars in Montgomery County on April 12. Five percent of alfalfa stems infested with 1-4 larvae per stem. (Allen). Infestation light, 5 percent of tips show damage, in Culpepper County; eggs hatched on April 5. (Heltzel). MARYLAND - Larvae and adults light statewide. Heaviest adult count 1-2 per 20 sweeps in 10 acres of alfalfa near Jarrettsville, Harford County. Tip damage remains below 1 per 100. (U. Md., Ent. Dept.). WEST VIRGINIA - Adults in Preston County April 16. (W. Va. Ins. Sur.). DELAWARE - Larvae ranged 2-4 per 100 sweeps of alfalfa in most areas, damage very light. (Burbutis, Lesiewicz) . ILLINOIS - Alfalfa weevil damaging alfalfa south of and including Gallatin and Jackson Counties; larvae averaged 3,000+ per 100 sweeps. Hatch as far north as Ogle County, increased hatch expected in 14 days. (111. Ins. Rpt.). MISSOURI - Moderate to heavy damage observed on alfalfa in east-central area. Feeding and damage to plant terminals on 100 percent of plants. (Munson). ARKANSAS - Continues to cause concern in all areas. Larval counts of 25 per 100 sweeps in Washington County field April 1 increased to 1,000-1,500 per 100 sweeps April 15. (Boyer). Larvae and few adults ranged 800-1,000 per 100 sweeps in Lafayette County. - 309 - (Sterling) . OKLAHOMA - Larvae averaged 14 per 10 sweeps of alfalfa in Canadian County. This is a new county record. Ranged 700-1,000 per 10 sweeps of alfalfa in Okfuskee County; occaSional pupae and numerous adults present. Ranged 15-30 per square foot (30-50 percent of terminals infested) in 6 fields in Bixby area, Tulsa County. Moderate in Pottawatomie and Mayes Counties, heavy in Cotton and Grady Counties. (Okla. Coop. Sur.). UTAH - Larvae moderate in alfalfa at Hurricane, Washington County. (Huber). Recovered 200+ adults at Hyde Park, Cache County. (Dodson, Davis). NEVADA - Adults and eggs light to medium in Douglas and Churchill Counties. (Arnett, Munk). CALIFORNIA - Hypera postica and H. brunne- ipennis (Egyptian alfalfa weevil) active in many alfalfa growing areas. Some treatment and retreatment required. Larvae ranged 1-150 per sweep and increasing in San Joaquin Valley. First cuttings made in valley areas should reduce popula- tions, but results vary. Parasites to be released. (Cal. Coop. Rpt.). A WEEVIL (Hypera sp.) - NEVADA - Adults on 200 acres of alfalfa hay at Las Vegas, Clark County. Very few larvae remain and pupae numerous. Another 10 acres in same vicinity found infested, but infestation lighter and spotty. (Bechtel et al.). PEA APHID (Acyrthosiphon pisum) - VIRGINIA - Ranged 1-2 per sweep of alfalfa at Red Oak, Charlotte County. (Perry, Apr. 14). ILLINOIS - Averaged 370 per 100 sweeps of alfalfa in southern areas. Buildup expected in 10-14 days. (Ill. Ins. Sur.). MISSOURI - Averaged 50 per 10 sweeps of alfalfa in east-central area. (Munson). OKLAHOMA - Averages per 10 sweeps of alfalfa: 200 in Canadian County, 80 in Okfuskee County. Heavy in Mayes County, light in Choctaw County. (Okla. Coop. Sur.). NEW MEXICO - Ranged 5-20 per 25 sweeps of alfalfa in Chaves County. (Mathews). UTAH - Nymphs 1 per 25 sweeps of alfalfa in Pleasant Grove and Orem area of Utah County April 13; observed at Ogden, Weber County, April 16. (Knowlton, Davis). NEVADA - Medium to heavy on 1,500-2,000 acres of alfalfa in Smith Valley, Lyon County. Heaviest populations averaged 150 per sweep, with most averaging 30 or less per sweep, in Moapa and Virgin Valleys in Clark County. Lady beetles and damsel bugs numerous in more heavily infested fields. (Bechtel et al.). MEADOW SPITTLEBUG (Philaenus spumarius) - MARYLAND - First nymphs of season in Harford, Baltimore, and Frederick Counties. Counts light, 1 or 2 per square yard of red clover. (U. Md., Ent. Dept.). TARNISHED PLANT BUG (Lygus lineolaris) - OKLAHOMA - Adults and nymphs ranged 15-20 per 10 sweeps of alfalfa in Okfuskee County. (Okla. Coop. Sur.). COTTON BOLL WEEVIL (Anthonomus grandis) - MISSISSIPPI - About 50 adults per acre on seedling cotton in Hinds County. (Sartor). TOBACCO TOBACCO BUDWORM (Heliothis virescens) - FLORIDA - Averaged one second instar per each 10 flue-cured tobacco plants Sampled in three 35-acre plantings near Jasper, Hamilton County, April 15. (Strayer). GRANULATE CUTWORM (Feltia subterranea) - FLORIDA - Larvae light in 10-acre field of flue-cured tobacco near Jasper, Hamilton County, April 15. (Strayer). TOBACCO FLEA BEETLE (Epitrix hirtipennis) - FLORIDA - Very light on flue-cured tobacco in Jasper area of Hamilton County April 15. (Strayer). SUGAR BEETS FALL ARMYWORM (Spodoptera frugiperda) - FLORIDA - Increasing since April 15 on experimental sugar beets at Belle Glade, Palm Beach County. (Janes). - 310 - GENERAL VEGETABLES ASPARAGUS APHID (Brachycolus asparagi) - NEW JERSEY - Nymphal hatch in asparagus fields on April 18, near Somerset, Somerset County. No nymphs noted, only empty egg shells. (Ins.-Dis. Newsltr.). DECIDUOUS FRUITS AND NUTS PEAR PSYLLA (Psylla pyricola) - UTAH - Numerous adults and eggs, no egg hatch noted in unsprayed pear orchard at Ogden, Weber County. (Davis, Knowlton, Apr. 16). Infested orchards south of Brigham City, Box Elder County. (Lindsay). MICHIGAN - Egg laying noted in Hart and Shelby area of Oceana County weekend of April 17. Controls advised. (Thompson). NEW YORK - Egg laying noted April 9 in Ulster County; egg count light in Columbia County, eggs noted in Lake Ontario region April 12 and 13. (N.Y. Wkly. Rpt.) . CODLING MOTH (Laspeyresia pomonella) - WASHINGTON - First pupae on apple at Selah, Yakima County, April 14. (Johnson) . REDBANDED LEAFROLLER (Argyrotaenia velutinana) - NORTH CAROLINA - Trapped 68+ moths in 20 sexlure sticky traps April 9-15 at Moravian Falls, Wilkes County. Potential exists for damage to untreated apples. (Rock). PLUM CURCULIO (Conotrachelus nenuphar) - ALABAMA - First adults and egg laying on plum in commercial planting in Autauga County. About 8 percent of crop con- tained egg laying slits. Controls applied. (McQueen). PEACHTREE BORER (Sanninoidea exitiosa) - ALABAMA - First moths of this species and Synanthedon pictipes (lesser peachtree borer) laying eggs in commercial peach orchard in Autauga County. Pupae and larvae heavy even though grower applying scheduled controls. (McQueen) . EUROPEAN RED MITE (Panonychus ulmi) - UTAH - Hatch underway in Ogden area of Weber County, no hatch noted in Utah County orchards April 13. (Davis, Knowlton). NEW JERSEY - No hatch observed in southern counties. Overwintering eggs numerous in many orchards. (Ins.-Dis. Newsltr.). GREEN PEACH APHID (Myzus persicae) - UTAH - Serious in some Washington County peach orchards. (Huber) . TARNISHED PLANT BUG (Lygus lineolaris) - NEW YORK - Potential exists for heavy populations and injury this spring; Should be greater than 1970. (N.Y. Wkly. oye, fore, US), CITRUS Quarterly Citrus Insect and Mite Outlook in Florida - April through June - This Outlook is based on the assumption that weather beyond the period of the current National Weather Service 30-day Outlook will be normal. Therefore, the forecasts given below cannot be viewed with the same degree of confidence as those in the "Insect and Disease Summary'' usually released twice each month, CITRUS RUST MITE (Phyllocoptruta oleivora) expected to decrease in April, then increase to high level in May and June, as mites build up on new leaves and fruit. About 50 percent of groves will develop important infestations. Gradual increase of TEXAS CITRUS MITE (Eutetranychus banksi) and CITRUS RED MITE (Panonychus citri) will occur in April and accelerate until June. Moderate to heavy infestations expected in 30 percent of groves. SIXSPOTTED MITE (Eotetranychus sexmaculatus) expected to occur in about 9 percent of groves during May and early June, then disappear. Less than 1 percent of infestations will be important. BLACK SCALE (Saissetia oleae) will remain low and below normal despite sharp increase in June. Infestations will be spotty and expected to be highest in east - 311 - and west coast areas. GLOVER SCALE (Lepidosaphes gloverii) expected to increase gradually April through June. Nearly all groves will harbor this scale and about 12 percent will develop important infestations. PURPLE SCALE (L. beckii) and CHAFF SCALE (Parlatoria pergandii) also will be present in majority of groves as light to moderate infestations. YELLOW SCALE (Aonidiella citrina) will be less numerous than in recent years and of little importance. An ARMORED SCALE (Unaspis citri) will be more abundant than in prior years. Infestations will occur in 30-35 percent of groves. WHITEFLY adults will be very numerous in April in most groves. Larval forms will increase through June but expected to be less abundant than June 1970. APHIDS will infest about 45 percent of groves at mid-April peak, then subside. MEALYBUGS will increase rapidly in May and develop high populations by mid-June. (W.A. Simanton (Citrus Expt. Sta., Lake Alfred)). SMALL FRUITS GRAPE LEAFFOLDER (Desmia funeralis) - FLORIDA - First adult of season in black- light trap at Gainesville, Alachua County, April 14. (Mead). A NOCTUID MOTH (Abagrotis alternata) - MICHIGAN - Larvae damaging grape buds in Berrien County. (Thompson) . FOREST AND SHADE TREES SILVERSPOTTED TIGER MOTH (Halisidota argentata) - OREGON - Late instars on upper portions of 14+ noble firs at Astoria, Clatsop County, Christmas tree plantation. (Capizzi). Second instars 50 on upper half of single lodgepole pine in large nursery planting near Boring, Clackamas County. Several branches stripped and webbing evident. Scattered, less severe, infestations found in same area May 1, 1970. (Westcott). NANTUCKET PINE TIP MOTH (Rhyacionia frustrana) - VIRGINIA - Adults observed at Richmond and in Hanover County on April IL3. (Weidhaas). BALSAM TWIG APHID (Mindarus abietinus) - WISCONSIN - Hatched April 18 and causing needle distortion. No new growth at that time. (Wis. Ins. Sur.). COOLEY SPRUCE GALL APHID (Adelges cooleyi) - PENNSYLVANIA —- About 5 percent of females laying eggs on fir in Centre County. (Gesell). PINE BARK APHID (Pineus strobi) - WEST VIRGINIA - Moderate on about 400 white pine in Kanawha County April 22. (W. Va. Ins. Sur.). PINE NEEDLE SCALE (Phenacaspis pinifoliae) - WASHINGTON - Averaged 25 per needle on ponderosa pine throughout 4-square-mile area, 2 miles south of Cheney, Spokane County. Needle tip browning accompanied by yellowing; infestation probably much more extensive. (Nonini). SPRUCE MITE (Oligonychus ununguis) - PENNSYLVANIA - Hatched on Norway spruce in Centre County. (Adams) . EASTERN TENT CATERPILLAR (Malacosoma americanum) - FLORIDA - First adult of season in blacklight trap at Gainesville, Alachua County, April 10. (Mead). ARKANSAS - Infestations heavy in northwest area; aS many as 18-20 webs on wild cherry. (Boyer). Last instars and pupae present in extreme southwest areas. MISSOURI - Heavy feeding on plum, wild cherry, and apple in east-central areas. (Munson) . TENNESSEE - Infestations observed statewide. Heavy in many areas; no damage to date. (Gordon et al.). MARYLAND - Second and third instars heavy on wild cherry in Prince Georges, Montgomery, Anne Arundel, Harford, Baltimore, Caroline, and Frederick Counties. (U. Md., Ent. Dept.). WISCONSIN - Hatched in Grant County on April 20. (Wis. Ins. Sur.). - 312 - WESTERN TENT CATERPILLAR (Malacosoma californicum fragile) - UTAH - This pest and M. incurvum discoloratum numerous on cottonwood trees along Virgin River, Washington County. (Huber, Knowlton). SPRING CANKERWORM (Paleacrita vernata) - NORTH DAKOTA - Abults abundant April 12 on Siberian elm in shelterbelts in Bottineau area, Bottineau County. (Tagestad) . MOURNINGCLOAK BUTTERFLY (Nymphalis antiopa) - UTAH - First adult of season in flight at Brigham City, Box Elder County, April 16. (Knowlton). ASH BUG (Tropidosteptes illitus) - CALIFORNIA - Adults ranged 6-10 per limb with many nymphs on ash trees at Fair Oaks, Sacramento County. Nymphs on ash 7 days earlier in Santa Rosa, Sonoma County. (Cal. Coop. Rpt.). MAN AND ANIMALS SCREWWORM (Cochliomyia hominivorax) - Total of 6 cases reported in U.S. April 18-24, TEXAS - Hidalgo, Jim Hogg, and Kenedy one each; Starr 3. Total of 75 laboratory-confirmed cases reported in portion of Barrier Zone in Republic of Mexico as follows: Sonora 23, Chihuahua 7, Nuevo Leon 2, Tamaulipas 43, Total of 17 cases reported in Mexico south of Barrier Zone. Barrier Zone is area where eradication operation underway to prevent establishment of self-sustaining population in U.S. Sterile screwworm flies released: Texas 28,598,000; Arizona 3,800,000; Mexico 110,308,000. (Anim. Health Div.). HORN FLY (Haematobia irritans) - OKLAHOMA - Ranged 50-600 per head on cattle in 2 areas of Payne County. Moderate in Cleveland County. (Okla. Coop. Sur.). MARYLAND —- First adults of season ranged 10-40 per head on dairy and beef cattle in Frederick, Baltimore, and Montgomery Counties. (U. Md., Ent. Dept.). MOSQUITOES - MARYLAND - Aedes grossbecki and A. canadensis in third and fourth instars in Prince Georges, Queen Annes, Anne Arundel, and Baltimore Counties. Adults of both species emerged in Queen Annes County. (U. Md., Ent. Dept.). NEW HAMPSHIRE - First and second instars of Aedes spp. very numerous in snow pools and roadside ditches at Durham, Strafford County, April 7. (Morse). FACE FLY (Musca autumnalis) - MARYLAND - Adults active in Baltimore, Carroll, and Frederick Counties. Heaviest counts 20-30 per head on 10 Black Angus cattle near Jarrettsville, Harford County. (U. Md., Ent. Dept.). HOUSE FLY (Musca domestica) - OKLAHOMA - Ranged 5-6 per Scudder grid in untreated barns in Payne County. (Okla. Coop. Sur.). A SWEAT BEE (Halictus rubicundus) - IDAHO - First occurrence noted week of April 12 in backyard nesting site in Moscow, Latah County. (Barr). HARDBACKED TICKS - NORTH DAKOTA - Dermacentor variabilis (American dog tick) up to 6 per animal on horses in wooded areas along Sheyenne River in Cass County. (Brandvik) . OKLAHOMA - Amblyomma americanum (lone star tick) nearing peak abun- dance in wooded areas of Cherokee County. (Okla. Coop. Sur.). TEXAS - A. ameri- canum heavy on Angora goats in Sutton County. Ticks suspected of causing paralysis of few animals. (Langford). HOUSEHOLDS AND STRUCTURES CIGARETTE BEETLE (Lasioderma serricorne) - WEST VIRGINIA - Adults heavy in dry food items April 16 at location in Wood County. This is a new county record. WaiVaeinsen Suns) - 313 - BENEFICIAL INSECTS LADY BEETLES - OKLAHOMA - Larvae of Hippodamia convergens (convergent lady beetle) ranged 15-30 per 10 sweeps of alfalfa in Canadian and Okfuskee Counties. (Okla. Coop. Sur.). UTAH - Anatis lecontei numerous on locust at Farmington, Davis County. (Roberts). FEDERAL AND STATE PLANT PROTECTION PROGRAMS BOLL WEEVIL (Anthonomus grandis) - CALIFORNIA - Detection begun in desert cotton using new sticky traps baited with grandalure. Traps placed at Blythe and Indio, Riverside County, and at El Centro and Bard, Imperial County. (Cal. Coop. Rpt.). GYPSY MOTH (Porthetria dispar) - NEW JERSEY - First egg hatch of season April 21 in Monmouth County. (PPD). CEREAL LEAF BEETLE (Oulema melanopus) - MICHIGAN - First adults on native grasses on April 16 in Berrien County; also noted on rye. (Maltby). Oats will probably require spraying in southwest areas. Potential for economic damage high in south- east and northwest areas; potential low elsewhere. Cereal leaf beetle present in all areas. Surveys in Upper Peninsula remain negative. (Haynes et al.) Adult feeding noted on reed canary grass in field borders in Ingham County; no damage on wheat or no eggs noted. (Ruppel, Gekeler). PENNSYLVANIA - First adults of season found feeding on wheat in Beaver County, April 16. (Keim). CITRUS BLACKFLY (Aleurocanthus woglumi) - TEXAS - Detected on dooryard citrus tree in Brownsville, Cameron County, April 7, 1971. Delimiting surveys in progress and, indicate scattered light infestations on about 200 city blocks. This pest last discovered in State in 1955 and eradicated in 1956. No other infestations known to be present in U.S, Emergency Federal and State regulations were placed into effect for city of Brownsville and vicinity on April 21. All leaves, attached and unattached, of primary host plants have been regulated. Control operations in progress in attempt to eradicate this serious pest. (PPD). IRIS BORER (Macronoctua onusta) - CALIFORNIA - First of 6 eradication treatments applied in Carmichael, Sacramento County. This is only location known to occur in State. Current survey negative for pest or damage. (Cal. Coop. Rpt.). JAPANESE BEETLE (Popillia japonica) - VIRGINIA - Single adult collected April 12 feeding on magnolia blossom in Montgomery County. This is 2 months earlier than expected for this location. Underground steamlines may have warmed nearby soil and hastened development. (Bennett, Weidhaas). KHAPRA BEETLE (Trogoderma granarium) - ARIZONA —- Six larvae and 1 pupa (live) collected from feed bags in storeroom of retail grocery at Stanfield, Pinal County, March 31, 1971, by P. Jones. Determined by J.M. Kingsolver. First infesta- tion of khapra beetle in State since December 15, 1964, and first find in U.S. since March 31, 1966. Store destroyed by fire April 6. Re-inspection revealed no additional khapra beetle specimens. (PPD). MEXICAN FRUIT FLY (Anastrepha ludens) - CALIFORNIA - Single male fly taken in McPhail trap in orange tree at Lakeside, San Diego County. Collected by R. Vincent on April 5, 1971. This is early for adults to occur and several months Since last sterile release. Fly examined and determined to be about 7 days old and nonsterile by condition of sex organs. All trapping since negative. (Cal. Coop. Rpt) WHITEFRINGED BEETLES (Graphognathus spp.) - FLORIDA - Larvae medium to heavy on corn seedlings at Graceville, Jackson County, April 7. (Tipton). ALABAMA - Larvae medium and widespread infestation destroyed young corn in 47-acre field in Geneva County. Field treated and replanted. Larvae numerous behind fresh plowing. (Stephenson, Wilson). - 314 - HAWAII INSECT REPORT Turf and Lawn - Larvae of a SKIPPER (Hylephila phylaeus) about 1 per square foot on Bermuda grass lawn at Hawaii Kai, Oahu. Adults light at large at same location. (Kashiwai). General Vegetables - LEAFMINER FLIES (Liriomyza spp.) generally trace to light in fields of green onion, tomato, and snap beans at Waianae, Oahu. Mines and adults heavy in one acre of 4-inch tall tomato seedlings; as many as 9 adults per plant, average 4. GREENHOUSE WHITEFLY (Trialeurodes vaporariorum) light on tomato and snap beans at same area; moderate in 0.24 acre of cucumbers. CARMINE SPIDER MITE (Tetranychus cinnabarinus) heavy, aS many as 700 mites and eggs per square inch on heavily infested leaves, in 2 acres of snap beans at Waianae, Oahu. (Kawamura). Ornamentals - CROTON CATERPILLAR (Achaea janata) larvae feeding on an ornamental Euphorbia Leucocephala at Sandy Beach, Oahu, for a new host record in Hawaii. i Collected 147 eggs of A. janata from this host; 146 parasitized by Trichogramma sp. (a minute egg paraSite). (Rose, Davis). An ARMORED SCALE (Pinnaspis Strachani) light on young terminal leaves of Hibiscus sp. at Aina Haina, Oahu. (Kashiwai). Forest and Shade Trees - Larvae of a NOCTUID MOTH (Stictoptera subobliqua) caused heavy damage to Garcinia sp. and Ochrocarpus excelsus in botanical gardens at Honolulu and Wahiawa, Oahu; most younger leaves on Garcinia at both areas ravaged. These constitute new host records for this species in Hawaii. Previously reported from several other species of family Guttiferae. (Miyashiro). A PSYLLID (Psylla unecatoides) nymphs and adults moderate on young terminal growth of Acacia koa in Hawaii Volcanoes National Park, Hawaii, Populations in this area still below high levels which occurred during July 1970 when noticeable injury and dieback of twig terminal growth resulted. Heavy on terminal growth of small koaia trees (Acacia koaia) near Waimea, Hawaii. At least 7 species of predators (adults and larvae of 5 species of Coccinellidae, larvae of a syrphid fly, and adults and larvae of an endemic green lacewing) found associated with psyllids on koaia. (Beardsley). DETECTION New County Records - ALFALFA WEEVIL (Hypera postica) OKLAHOMA - Canadian (p. 309). CIGARETTE BEETLE (Lasioderma serricorne) WEST VIRGINIA - Wood (p. 312). Weather of the week continued from page 306. TEMPERATURE: Subfreezing weather occurred Monday morning, April 21, over a large area including most of the Great Basin and the Rocky Mountains. Among the coldest temperatures were 18° at Ely, Nevada, and 15° at Bryce Canyon, Utah. Mild temperatures prevailed over the Great Plains ranging generally from the 40's and 50's in North Dakota to the 80's in southern Texas. Warming continued over the Great Plains with maximums in the 60's in North Dakota to the 90's along the Rio Grande Thursday afternoon. Laredo, Texas, registered 96° Thursday afternoon. The mercury at Truckee, California, dropped to 13° Wednesday morning, being one of the coldest temperatures recorded during the week. Winter temperatures came during the weekend over the Far West. In contrast, summer heat prevailed over southern Texas and along the gulf coast to Florida. Galveston, Texas, recorded 86° Friday afternoon. No record of any higher temperature at Galveston. South Miami, Florida, registered 96° Friday, setting a new record for the month of April. Cool weather prevailed over the Northeast. In general, temperatures averaged cooler than normal over the West and the Northeast, and warmer than normal from Minnesota and Wisconsin to the Gulf of Mexico and across the Deep South. (Summary supplied by Environmental Data Service, ESSA.) LIGHT TRAP COLLECTIONS - 315 vt is ~~ 4 N oO N o>) © ~~ NoHo fo2} wo é vr noN WwW oO N a Ge foe} wo N ite) a v Land NX x N @ ise} N fo] N o x LS NX w eto ial wD w N aN N a W WW dna o ia) ia) iz) m2 mam m N 6K © oO o io2) I tv w Nn N vw N I aw N © yet 1 = a MAL o = oa mo 00 2 SS N co rc ao N PANN wv or N SS PN I fyi ed tee om i vt ei a BAND N o on © ow ca Onn N a & a o On > oy>y> I at os Ss Ae om w SOS wo cal fo} ~~ an Vs Leal > wr [eal oc MUGS S a > o Ob & a> = oO eS ° coh [WELL sue K suey | of | 0 Sa icon an Gur. FORD sz =O = RE- RA N- DOLPH « = ( a, > ; CHESTER TO. FIELD. ( 4 e eS. q : ‘\ COUNTIES ENTIRELY COLORED ARE COMPLETELY REGULATED; COUNTIES PARTIALLY COLORED ARE PARTIALLY REGULATED. U.S. DEPARTMENT OF AGRICULTURE See ee raL RESEARCH SERVICE TECTION DIVISION COOPERATING WITH AFFECTED STATES PPR CHTS TE inj ancsrrn planned) (Eradication treatments not in progress or planned) 00 Tae YOUR STATE OR FEDERAL PLANT PROTECTION eee OR OR YOUR COUNTY AGENT FOR ANCE REGARDING EXACT AREAS UNDER REGULATION AND REQUIREMEN REGULATED oe TS FOR MOVING (eas Suppressive area--State and Federal regulations (Suppressive treatments in progress or planned) e .C IWS Eradicated--regulations removed 5 aA Restrictions are imposed on movement of regulated articles ~ from a regulated area as follows: Cf . 1. From red into or through green or white. 2. From green into or through white. RV, 3. 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(Bechtel et al.). HONEY BEE (Apis mellifera) - WEST VIRGINIA - April inspection of 2,215 colonies found American foulbrood disease in one colony and 8 dead colonies. Survival satisfactory in all parts of State. (W. Va. Ins. Sur.). DAMSEL BUGS (Nabis spp.) -— OKLAHOMA - Ranged 0-5 per square foot of alfalfa in Cotton County. (Okla. Coop. Sur.). A PHYTOSEIID MITE (Metaseiulus occidentalis) - WASHINGTON - Feeding on Tetranychus mcdanieli (McDaniel spider mite) eggs on apple trees at west Wapato, Yakima County. (Gregorich). FEDERAL AND STATE PLANT PROTECTION PROGRAMS CEREAL LEAF BEETLE (Oulema melanopus) - INDIANA - Adults 18 per 100 sweeps in 3 to 4-inch quackgrass patches in alfalfa field in Allen County, and 16 per 100 Sweeps on 3-inch wheat in Noble County. (Bollinger, Apr. 23). WEST VIRGINIA - Adult collected on winter wheat in Brooke County April 27. Adults 3 per square yard, moderate feeding, on 10 percent of winter wheatfield in Jackson County April 28. Adults 3 per square yard of spring oats on 25 percent of field in Mason County. No adults in Wood County but feeding on spring oats moderate to heavy, 20-30 percent, in all fields; with only 0-5 percent damage to wheat, April 29. (W. Va. Ins. Sur.). EUROPEAN CHAFER (Amphimallon majalis) - NEW YORK - Up to 24 grubs per square foot destroyed 90 percent of alfalfa field in Ulster County. Found in most fields of sod in Wayne County. (N.Y. Wkly. Rpt., Apr. 26). GRASS BUGS - UTAH - Labops hesperius, Irbisia pacifica, and Irbisia spp. marking to sometimes removing all green from crested and other planted grasses over large areas of Garfield and Kane Counties. Populations in some areas 10-20 percent adult. Ranchers plan to spray 2,000-3,000 acres of private grasslands. This is fourth consecutive year that some ranchers have sprayed. (Davis, Knowlton). MEXICAN FRUIT FLY (Anastrepha ludens) - CALIFORNIA - Detection negative in San Diego, San Diego County. (Cal. Coop. Rpt.). PINK BOLLWORM (Pectinophora gossypiella) - CALIFORNIA - Male trapped April 14 in Palo Verde Valley in Riverside County indicated moths will be emerging in desert cotton areas. Negative in sex-lure traps in San Joaquin Valley. (Cal. Coop. Rpt.). WHITEFRINGED BEETLES (Graphognathus spp.) - ALABAMA - Larvae in Houston County destroyed 10 percent of young corn in 15-acre field near Rahoboth, 10 percent or more of sprouted but pre-emerged peanut plants in 8-acre field west of Dothan, and 2-leaf cotton in 10-acre field in west Houston County. Last field to be treated and replanted to cotton. (Stephenson, Wilson). Larvae light; destroyed stand of young soybeans in 2-acre field at Gosport, Clarke County. Damage expected to increase. (Lemons). DETECTION New County and Island Records - AN ARMORED SCALE (Unaspis citri) FLORIDA - Sumter. (p. 324), ALFALFA WEEVIL (Hypera postica) ARKANSAS - Tzard, New Newton, Lawrence, Monroe, Prairie, White, Woodruff, Cleburne, Ouachita, Union, Clark, Columbia, Nevada, Hot Spring, Garland, Perry, Saline, and Franklin. KANSAS - Kingman, Reno, Sedgwick, Harper, Sumner, Cowley, Chautauqua, Elk, Greenwood, Wilson, Riley, and Pottawatomie. OKLAHOMA - Texas, Cimarron, and Major. (pp. 320-321). A GEOMETRID MOTH (Semiothisa santaremaria) HAWAII - Maui. (p. 328). A LEAFHOPPER (Protale- brella braSiliensis) HAWAII — Maui. (p. 328). SUGARBEET ROOT MAGGOT (Tetanops myOpaeformis) IDAHO - Blaine. 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Trace in 0.25 acre of papaya at Kahaluu; 5 percent of leaves with scattered colonies of 1-2 inches diameter, mostly on older leaves. Adults and nymphs of Telsimia nitida (a lady beetle) light; nil in adjacent 0.5 acre of banana. (Kawamura) . Ornamentals - A LEAFHOPPER (Protalebrella brasiliensis) trace on foliage of Wedelia sp. at Wailuku and Kaanapali, Maui. This is a new island record; previ- ously reported from island of Oahu. (Ah Sam, Miyahira). Forest and Shade Trees - KIAWE FLOWER LOOPER (Cosymbia serrulata) larvae light, averaged 1 per raceme on inflorescence of kiawe (Prosopis pallida) trees at Olowalu, Maui. Denuded 30 percent of inflorescence. (avis). A NOCTUID MOTH (Melipotis indomita) increasing in light traps throughout Oahu past 3 months: February—-41, March-125, and April-159. MONKEYPOD MOTH (Polydesma umbricola) larvae trace under loose bark of monkeypod trees at Punchbowl, Kapiolani Park and Boulevard, Mililani, and Barbers Point, Oahu. Most host trees at these areas apparently recovered from damage sustained in late 1970 and early 1971. At Barbers Point, of 32 pupae collected under loose bark of monkeypod trees, all emergences to date P. umbricola. Several parasites also emerged: 2 Chaetogaedia monticola (a tachinid fly) and 1 Pimpla punicipes (an ichneumon wasp). (Kawamura) . Beneficial Insects - ENCYRTID parasites emerged from branches of fiddlewood (Citharexylum Spinosum) moderately infested by Ceroplastes cirripediformis (bar- nacle scale). Parasite percentages from this material collected near Honolulu International Airport, Oahu: Coccidoxenus mexicanus 29 percent and Aphycus mexicanus 71 percent. (Kawamura). Single female of an ICHNEUMON WASP (Xanthopimpla punctata) taken at Tantalus, Oahu. This species parasitic on pyralid and tortri- cid moth borers, including Anomis flava (hibiscus caterpillar) from which 5 male offspring of captured female emerged. (Rose). Larval percentages on koa haole branches at Barbers Point similar to previous sampling, March 9, 1971; Semiothisa santaremaria (a geometrid moth) 44, Anacamptodes fragilaria (koa haole looper) 56. Combined larval count for both species per 10 one-foot long branches dropped from 48 to 25. Declined in light traps from March's levels: 8S. santaremaria from 1,277 to 615 and A. fragilaria from 204 to 31. Similar declines in light traps at Barbers Point and Hickam Air Force Base, Oahu. One moth of S. santaremaria taken at large at Olowalu, Maui, for a new island record. PreviouSly recorded from Oahu and Kauai. (Au et al.). Weather of the week continued from page 318. driest areas. Thundershowers some accompanied by strong winds and hail fell from the Missouri to Lower Ohio River Valley Saturday. Weekly precipitation totals exceed 1 inch from Mississippi to Georgia, in eastern New York, and southern New England, but were generally less than 0.50 inch over the western half of the Nation. Much of the Southwest received no rain. TEMPERATURE: Cool weather persisted over the West and from the northern Great Plains to New England. Subfreezing temperatures occurred as far south as northern Arizona and northern New Mexico on 1 or 2 mornings. Elkins, West Virginia, registered 18° on Tuesday morning. Afternoon temperatures remained in the 40's over the northern Great Plains, but reached the high 80's across the South. A few southern localities warmed to the 90's. Cotulla and Laredo in Texas registered 99° Wednesday afternoon. West Palm Beach, Florida, registered 99° Friday afternoon. Only once has the mercury at West Palm Beach gone higher than 99°. That was in July 1942 when the temperature reached 101°. A warming trend occurred over the West late in the week. Temperatures reached the 80's in southern Washington, Oregon, and Idaho Saturday and Sunday. (Summary supplied by Environmental Data Service, ESSA). TRAP COLLECTIONS LIGHT = 329 = N x q ° NX ice} tt S ow So) oon Te) nN N aA NOOO Re) - ~~ aw vrom mt N taal Coal wo isp) ce ce ce Lal oO ~ foe} Q ~~ ec q ° = © oo al amaoo ia x aw aam é WW yo Wd yy I Wl a aon a amam [2a] fea) oO S) G u _——— t foe) i i) a N a 1 Re) i] 6 ce) N 1 iS} [rt es nN N 1 ise] mon N mrOCoO 1 > a bu N > 10 1 PaO o ~ Nn N YY ##ran Ge) Sea nN I S x ocnml In sooo So Ss o Nn a sNN — ONNN is} wt et N ov ON mw lS Ss 1 Um ~ c Lm tls! iS} PTS a ONE ise} u cal x oO Aan Vest OY N 3) > a) Qn ° me Movs SS ise! 1 B po me > HOO =o HroOO°o v mo =o o M&F NO HFHY OH HHO na acs A OA NE Dar 5 nNUeeH o 240 Ho 2. BS HO OFS Za BST MYO OF axa USS, Prepared in Agricultural Quarantine U.S. Dept. Agr. Inspection Service in cooperation Coop. Econ nse Rpise with other ARS agencies and the 21(19) :335-336, 1971 Department of Entomology U.S. National Museum Sf Fo ne Hy@ ee C004 USENLINATA122 03001 OOO1 US ENTOMOLOGY LIBRARY DEPT ENTOM NATIONAL MUSEUM WASHINGTON DC 20560 < c IARTMENT OF AGRICULTURAL RESEARCH SERVICE PLANT PROTECTION DIVISION ECONOMIC INSECT SURVEY AND DETECTION The Cooperative Economic Insect Report is issued weekly as a service to American Agriculture. Its contents are compiled from information supplied by cooperating State, Federal, and industrial entomologists and other agricul- tural workers. In releasing this material the Division serves as a clearing house and does not assume responsi- bility for accuracy of the material. To facilitate mailroom handling, all reports, inquiries, and other matters pertaining to this release, including the mailing list, should be sent to: The Editors, CEIR Economic Insect Survey and Detection Plant Protection Division, ARS, USDA Federal Center Building Hyattsville, Maryland 20782 Volume 21 May 14, 1971 Number 20 COOPERATIVE ECONOMIC INSECT REPORT HIGHLIGHTS Current Conditions ARMYWORM larvae damaged small grain in Arkansas. Moderate to heavy in Mississippi. Moth flight heavy in Ohio. CORN EARWORM larvae heavy on sweet corn in limited area of Florida. (p. 339). SPOTTED ALFALFA APHID damage heavy on alfalfa in Oklahoma. (p. 339). ALFALFA WEEVIL damaged untreated alfalfa in Kentucky. Larvae economic in portions of Kansas. Damaged clover in Texas. (pp. 340-341). PEA LEAF WEEVIL adults heavy on peas in Idaho and Washington. (p. 343). BLUEBERRY BUD MITE heavy on blueberries in North Carolina. (p. 345). SOUTHERN PINE BEETLE damage heavy to pines and increased damage expected in Maryland. (p. 345). Detection AN APHID reported for first time from California. This is a new North American record. New State records include AN APHID from Tennessee (p. 340) and a LEAFCUTTING BEE from Idaho (p. 348). For new county and island records see page 349. Special Reports Distribution of Pea Leaf Weevil. Map. (p. 352). Reports in this issue are for week ending May 7 unless otherwise indicated. = 337 - - 338 = CONTENTS SpecialypinsectsPofwRegdonaleysronicticanC@ereeretencieielciciohsicieneieioheioislcioicioreionieien eee Insects Affecting Corn, Sorghum, Sugarcane.....eccecsedd9 CUCWHA LUD 5 66000000000 b000000 000 Om ES SmadlilTGrcain'Sherelaloeietedelherersrelcistetctsieksncin ooo General) Vemeitabillesicic. ciciccle cle elec: Turf, Pastures, Rangeland.......2.«e339 Deciduous Fruits and Nuts.......344 HOGA MIC SUMESiereterolalelenoheiehehenohenedcnetareieheeuoOo, CiUCLU Se yaletelevelolelelenelsheveleletetoheteretenetehe mete) COUUOMSs obodoodbObbODDD ODD bObOOO00 DOL Smad TS rN sG Sher oieial helelolerekevelehenorenetetete ae MOPACCOmMeelelolerehehehetelaneNelketoiehel weleherehenenene eS OnnamenCarllshpovelelelelelekelolclcleneieheheenoneit oO SWB ISSUES 56000 D00dGdG00000000000 08S Forest and Shade Trees..........040 Potatoes, Tomatoes, Peppers........343 Man and AnimalS.....cceescecrccece e340 BeansSmandms Peas rerssielalstelsielohsloleveletoncl eke o) Bene faleriady InSeCtSyerstealcierclerevelelichsleiskel ole (ou sletovencheieleKel olfevelonelerehena)eistenchoncnelchokere none he i rereie ie eneneneE ad] hederad and state Pllant Protect Lone Programsmnseeisicieciciciicieicie eee Ls DETECT OM ie lcleialcliciicl ciel creole) cl ehelerelelol ese) cllo/elelolelelellelero)ciiele clicheioletotcieloielichehelelisieieiohel ocliciehedancnonenenenereyc Lo, Hawainielnsecty Re POMEt creleialeierolerelelelekel el eleKerelalelolelancl cleieleleheliclevenercheheierersicteleteierclevelenckchotonenererener eat) DEL ESCEA OMe re clololeveialeloleleloieiolieloeleloloiel sKelolels)ieVelopelelcnsiee) ohelsiiclalelonepeiaielonore) cl cletsiclelalslchelaieieinreero sO hight, Trap’ Colle ct Tons irc.cre ai s,0s lois: Ve fokoltesoveteile ol okaWelievelohepekous bed cedoliekoneniclons ick Son Disitiraibutwonwort sPeat leat Weevallicn Malic efereieicleieleratelerelohelelcletetelcieieinlelehecheieioleeineine sae. WEATHER OF THE WEEK ENDING MAY 10 HIGHLIGHTS: The Southwest and the East averaged cooler than normal. Tornadoes and severe thunderstorms occurred in the central and southern Great Plains. Florida continued dry. PRECIPITATION: Chilly rain and drizzle fell in the northeast early in the week. Seven inches of snow fell at Mt. Washington, New Hampshire, Monday evening. Fair weather was the rule over most of the rest of the Nation. A storm began shaping up in the central Rocky Mountains early in week, and moved slowly to the nearby Great Plains. Scattered thunderstorms, some accompanied by wind and hail, occurred over the Great Basin and the Rocky Mountains. Wind at Guadalupe, Texas, gusted to 76 m.p.h. Tuesday afternoon, and a pilot reported blowing dust at 15,000 feet altitude. By Wednesday, tornadoes were occurring in Several States including Nebraska, Iowa, Kansas, Missouri, Oklahoma, and Arkansas. Showers and thunderstorms occurred from the central and southern Great Plains to the middle Atlantic coast. By Thursday, thunderstorms were popping out over much of the eastern half of the Nation. A score of tornadoes caused extensive property damage and at least one death. More tornadoes touched down Thursday from Iowa to Indiana, and southward to Texas and Kentucky. Some of the tornadoes in Oklahoma and Texas touched down in open country and caused little damage. Others demolished dwellings and other buildings in towns, villages, and on farms. A tornado southwest of Rothville, Missouri, Thursday evening pushed a train off the track. Warm moist gulf air flowed northward over mid-America late in the week. Tornadoes struck several States in the Great Plains and severe thunderstorms with hail, strong winds, and heavy rain occurred over much of the eastern half of the Nation. Hail, as large as baseballs fell from some of the thunderclouds in Texas. Drought intensified in the Florida Peninsula, which received no rain and only light widely scattered showers. TEMPERATURE: A high pressure area over the middle of the Nation early in the week brought mild temperatures to much of the West and central areas, and cool weather to the East. Philip, South Dakota, and Valentine, Nebraska, registered 80° Monday afternoon. Subfreezing weather occurred Tuesday morning in the high Rocky Mountains in Wyoming and Colorado, and from Michigan to the southern Appalachians. Rome, Georgia, registered 32° Tuesday morning. Mild weather continued across the south- land. Afternoon temperatures reached the 80's from southern California to Texas and in Florida. At midweek, the West cooled and the Deep South warmed. Much of the Weather of the week continued on page 350. = Ss) = SPECIAL INSECTS OF REGIONAL SIGNIFICANCE ARMYWORM (Pseudaletia unipuncta) - DELAWARE - First adults collected in blacklight traps April 25. (Burbutis, Lesiewicz). OHIO - Moth flight heavy and 71 percent of moths collected this period emerged May 4. Oats and wheat now susceptible to oviposition. (Rings). ARKANSAS - Controls applied in few Desha County fields. Early to last instars and pupae noted. (Wall). Early instars 1-2 per square foot of small grain in east-central areas (Kimbrough). Few fields in Arkansas County treated. (Barnes). MISSISSIPPI - Larvae moderate to heavy on ryegrass and wheat in Hinds, Madison, and Amite Counties. (Sartor). ALABAMA - Mixed larval popula- tions of this species and Spodoptera frugiperda (fall armyworm) in 10 fields of wheat in Monroe County. Larvae ranged 5-20 per square yard in 1 field. Damage not expected to be serious from this generation. (McQueen). ARMY CUTWORM (Euxoa auxiliaris) - NEBRASKA - Larvae 6 per 10 square feet in heavy damaged seedling alfalfa field in Red Willow County. Larval populations declining due to disease and natural enemies. Some late instars noted. (Manglitz et al.). BEET LEAFHOPPER (Circulifer tenellus) - OREGON - Adults averaged 0.11 per square foot on host plants growing on desert rangelands in eastern Malheur County. Counts made in mid-April when host plants in above average condition. (Penrose). CALIFORNIA - Spring generation migrated from west Side breeding grounds in San Joaquin Valley. Rainfall, in last 10 days, will not significantly affect balance of spring migration. (Cal. Coop. Rpt.). WYOMING - Cooperative surveys in Washakie and southern Big Horn Counties on April 29 and 30. From 1,340 weed host samples 171 leafhoppers found. Averaged 0.13 per square foot compared with 1970 average of 0.12. Heaviest count 10 per 10 samples. Spray program planned. (Burkhardt). CORN EARWORM (Heliothis zea) - FLORIDA - Building up on sweet corn in Belle Glade area, Palm Beach County, requiring almost continuous control on commercial corn. (Janes). CORN LEAF APHID (Rhopalosiphum maidis) - TEXAS - Light to heavy on sorghum in Matagorda, Jackson, and Wharton Counties. (Thomas, Vaughan, Apr. 30). Currently light to medium on grain sorghum in Jackson, Calhoun, Hays, and Gonzales Counties. Heavy and scattered in many fields in Lee and Jackson Counties. (Cole et al.). UTAH - Generally light on wheat and barley in "Dixie" area of Washington County. (Davis, Knowlton). ; GREENBUG (Schizaphis graminum) - NEVADA - Occasional alate and apterous specimen found on 4 to 6-inch tall barley and 1 to 3-inch tall wheat in Fallon area, Churchill County. (Adams, Martinelli). This is a new county record. (Bechtel). TEXAS - Remained light on small grains in panhandle area. (Green, Apr. 30). SPOTTED ALFALFA APHID (Therioaphis maculata) - NEW MEXICO - Very heavy in spots on alfalfa in Chaves County. Honeydew heavy on ground. (N.M. Coop. Rpt.). OKLAHOMA - Still very heavy, ranged 20,000 to 30,000 per square foot in many fields of alfalfa in Kiowa and Washita Counties. Controls not effective in many cases and numerous fields killed. Averaged 750 per 10 sweeps of alfalfa in Washington County and moderate to heavy in Cleveland and Garvin Counties. Ranged 3-30 per 10 sweeps in Kay, Osage, Grant, and Garfield Counties. Light in Tulsa and Cimarron Counties. (Okla. Coop. Sur.). KANSAS - No serious populations in alfalfa surveyed. (Bell). NEBRASKA - Ranged 0-18 per 20 sweeps of alfalfa in 24 Dawson County fields. (Manglitz, Keith, May 5). FLORIDA - Light, about 1,300 nymphs and adults in 100 sweeps of alfalfa at Gainesville, Alachua County. (Mead). CORN, SORGHUM, SUGARCANE EUROPEAN CORN BORER (Ostrinia nubilalis) - DELAWARE - Pupation of overwintering larvae averages 33 percent in Sussex County. (Burbutis, Lesiewicz). NEW JERSEY - Pupation underway in Adelphia area of Monmouth County. (Ins.-Dis. Newsltr.). = 340 = SUGARCANE BEETLE (Euetheola rugiceps) - ALABAMA - Adults 1 per yard of row damaging 25 acres of corn. Insecticidal fertilizer gave no control. Same field heavy infested in 1970. (Lemons). SOUTHERN POTATO WIREWORM (Conoderus falli) - FLORIDA - This species and Melanotus communis (a wireworm) heavy on sweet corn at Belle Glade, Palm Beach County, required chemical control. (Genung). SEEDCORN MAGGOT (Hylemya platura) - NEW JERSEY - Adults still heavy in southern counties, seed treatments warranted. Trapped 140 adults on 3 sticky-board traps at Cedarville, Cumberland County, April 20 to May 5. (Ins.-Dis. Newsltr.). SMALL GRAINS AN APHID (Rhopalosiphum padi) - TENNESSEE - Specimen,.collected on small grain in Knox County on January 7, 1969 by W.J. Portor. Determined by L.M. Russell. This is a new State record. Collected on wheat in Clay County by C.D. Gordon, April 27, 1971 and in Marshall County on March 21, 1971 by E.B. Watson. These are new county records. (Gordon). PALE WESTERN CUTWORM (Agrotis orthogonia) - NEBRASKA - Some light damge occurred to scattered small grain fields in Cheyenne County, and damage spotty within individual fields. Larvae ranged up to 5 per linear foot of small grains near Gurley, Dalton, and Dix, in Cheyenne County, on April 29. Few fields sprayed, and most control complete. (Hagen) . TURF, PASTURES, RANGELAND AN APHID (Acyrthosiphon festucae) - CALIFORNIA - Collected on fescue turf (Festuca elatior) at Calabassas, Los Angeles County, by E.D. Williams February 1, 1970. Determined by T. Kono, confirmed by R. Dickson. This is a new North American record. This species found later in northern areas. (Cal. Coop. Rpt.). BROWN WHEAT MITE (Petrobia latens) - UTAH - Damaged about 3,000 acres of planted grasses and wheat in Lower Kolob and Smith Mesa areas of Washington County. (Knowlton, Huber). SOUTHERN CHINCH BUG (Blissus insularis) - TEXAS - Light to heavy in St. Augustine grass lawns in Lamar, Rusk, and Brazos Counties. (Cole, Green) . FORAGE LEGUMES ALFALFA WEEVIL (Hypera postica) - NEW YORK - No weevils on sticky-board traps in Tompkins County during period April 25 to May 1. Sweepings and ground searches made in alfalfa on April 27 negative. (N.Y. Wkly. Rpt.). DELAWARE - Counts per 50 sweeps of alfalfa: Larvae 1-3, adults 1-5. Damage light. (Burbutis, Lesiewicz). MARYLAND - Adults ranged 2-5 per 10 sweeps of alfalfa in Frederick, Carroll, Baltimore, and Harford Counties. Egg laying underway in all counties. Most alfalfa tip damage below 5 percent. First and second instars dominant in central counties. (U. Md., Ent. Dept.). KENTUCKY - Adults 12 and larvae 1,196 per 100 sweeps of alfalfa in Jessamine County. Damage on untreated fields 40-50 percent in central areas. (Barnett). OHIO - Eggs per square foot by county: Washington 79, Wayne 10, and Erie less than 10. Larvae on tips of alfalfa in Hamilton County on April 27. Microctonus sp. (a braconid) pupae taken from H. postica adults in Washington, Guernsey, and Wayne Counties. Current larval counts of 90 per 100 sweeps of alfalfa on May 4 in Warren County. Adults of Bathyplectes curculionis (an ichneumon wasp) averaged 4 per 100 sweeps. Egg counts of 10 per Square foot in Wayne County and less than 10 in Erie County. (Flessel). MICHIGAN - Some adults collected by sweeping in Ingham County alfalfa. (Romero, Gekeler). WISCONSIN - Mostly first instar noted in all alfalfa in southern counties. Adults mating. Feeding damage apparent, about 2 percent of plants show damage. (Wis. Ins. Sur.). ILLINOIS - Development slowed due to below normal temperatures. Area of potential economic populations currently south of line extending from northern Macoupin = séhl = County to northern Effingham County. Larval averages per 100 sweeps by district: West-southwest 2,550; east-southeast 837; and southwest 4,288. (Ill. Ins. Sur.). MISSOURI - H. postica larvae ranged 15-80 and adults 4-21 per 10 sweeps of alfalfa in extreme northeast area. Few fields show 50 percent larval damage. Larval damage shows on 50 percent of regrowth alfalfa in southeast area. (Houser). NEBRASKA - Larvae averaged 4.6 and adults 0.9 per 100 sweeps in 24 Dawson County fields on May 5. Detected single egg mass in 1 of 6 western Dawson County fields. (Manglitz, Keith). KANSAS - Larvae economic on alfalfa in Crawford and Labette Counties, counts as high as 2 per terminal in Crawford County. Larval counts per 10 sweeps ranged as follows by county (3 fields per county unless otherwise indicated) : Labette 10-90; Crawford 20-250 (some serious damage); Montgomery 8 (1 field); Osage 3-10; Franklin 1-15 (6 fields); Linn 0-5; Anderson 3-4; Coffey 2-4; Wabaunsee 0-5 (6 fields); Jackson 2-3; Wyandotte 3-5. Larvae ranged 2-11 per 10 sweeps in 3 fields of red clover in Cherokee County and 4 per 10 sweeps in 1 field in Douglas County. Adults ranged 0.5-15 per 10 sweeps of red clover in Cherokee County and 2 per 10 sweeps in 1 field in Douglas County. Adult popula- tions appeared heavier in red clover than in alfalfa. Additional new county records include Allen, Woodson, Butler, Stafford, Pratt, Harvey; Morris, Chase, Wabaunsee, Shawnee, Osage, Coffey, Douglas, Franklin, Anderson, Johnson, Miami, Linn, Jackson, Wyandotte; Dickinson, Marion, McPherson, Saline, and Ellsworth. Determinations by K.O. Bell. (Bell). ARKANSAS - Numbers declined; some fields in Washington County required second treatment. (Boyer). OKLAHOMA — Counts per 10 sweeps of alfalfa: 200 near Vera, Washington County, 42 near Fairfax, Osage County, 7 near Ponca City, Kay County, and 12 near Lamont, Grant County and near Garber, Garfield County. Larvae on alfalfa near Hollis, Harmon County. Larvae averaged 8 per 10 sweeps of yellow sweetclover (Melilotus officinalis) near Okmulgee Lake, Okmulgee County. These are new county records. Ranged 150-200 per 25 sweeps of alfalfa in Kiowa and Washita Counties, pupae and aduits common, Heavy in Garvin, Le Flore, Wagoner, Grady, Pottawatomie, Tulsa, and Mayes Counties. Adults in Garvin and Le Flore Counties and averaged 2 per plant in Murray County with almost no larvae. Moderate in Bryan County with more adults than larvae. Larvae ranged 30-70 per 10 sweeps in Kingfisher County and light in Major County. (Okla. Coop. Sur.). TEXAS - H. postica damaged clover in Franklin, Lamar, and St. Augustine Counties. Light and widespread in Collins County. (Coster). COLORADO - Second instars 5 per 100 sweeps of alfalfa in Fort Collins area in Larimer County. Feeding damage very light. (Simpson). IDAHO - Adults per 5 sweeps of 180 degrees on alfalfa: Up to 3 in Canyon and Payette Counties. Few early instars May 5. (Homan, Portman). Adults ranged up to 1 per (180 degree) sweep in 8-inch tall Idaho County alfalfa. Population averages 1 per 10 sweeps, much below normal, May 3. (Portman). OREGON - Adult found in alfalfa at North Plains, Washington County. This is a new county record. (Goeden, Apr. 30). EGYPTIAN ALFALFA WEEVIL (Hypera brunneipennis) - ARIZONA - Larvae per 100 sweeps of alfalfa: 20 at Yuma, Yuma County and 20 west side Salt River Valley, Maricopa County. (Ariz. Coop. Sur.). CLOVER LEAF WEEVIL (Hypera punctata) - IDAHO - Second and third instars 1 per 10 (180 degree) sweeps in Idaho County alfalfa, and 1 fourth instar per 5 (180 degree) sweeps at Slate Creek, in alfalfa and clover mixture, May 3. (Portman). PEA APHID (Acyrthosiphon pisum) - NEVADA - Ranged 0-100 (averaged 35) per sweep in Dixie Valley, Pershing County, alfalfa seed fields. (Adams, Martinelli). UTAH - Ranged 10-15 per sweep of alfalfa in Washington County April 28. (Davis, Knowlton). ARIZONA - Counts per 100 sweeps of alfalfa: 200 (5 fields) at Yuma, Yuma County, 750 at Safford, Graham County, 600 in Salt River Valley, Maricopa County. (Ariz. Coop. Sur.). OKLAHOMA - Ranged 300-500 per 10 sweeps of alfalfa in Kingfisher County and averaged 400 per 10 sweeps in Washington County. Moderate to heavy in Kiowa, Garvin, Washita, Pottawatomie, and Mayes Counties. Averaged 80 per 10 sweeps in Osage County and ranged 5--15 per 10 sweeps in Kay, Grant, and Garfield Counties. Averaged 40 per 10 sweeps of sweetclover in Okmulgee and - 342 - Creek Counties. (Okla. Coop. Sur.). KANSAS - Populations varied in alfalfa surveyed and ranged per 10 sweeps as follows (3 fields per county unless other- wise noted): Labette 40-200; Crawford 40-250; Butler 400 (1 field); Chase 50-100; Wabaunsee 10-800 (6 fields); Morris 50-200; Johnson 0-250; Miami 30-250 (6 fields); Douglas 20-300 (6 fields); Franklin 25-350 (6 fields); Osage 25-75; Shawnee 10-150; Linn 10-15; Anderson 7-12; Coffey 5-7; Jackson 3-10; Wyandotte 100-600. (Bell). NEBRASKA - Ranged up to 45 per 20 sweeps in 24 Dawson County alfalfa fields. (Manglitz, Keith, May 5). KENTUCKY - Adults numbered 184 per 100 sweeps of alfalfa in Jessamine County. (Barnett). MARYLAND - Ranged 0-20 per 10 sweeps of alfalfa in Carroll, Baltimore, and Harford Counties. Most fields averaged 5 per 10 sweeps. (U. Md., Ent. Dept.). DELAWARE - Ranged 5-120 per 50 sweeps of alfalfa, no injury. Heaviest in Kent County. (Burbutis, Lesiewicz). MEADOW SPITTLEBUG (Philaenus spumarius) - IDAHO - Counts of 4-5 per stem in fields from Whitebird to Riggins, Idaho County. Counts of 10 per stem of alfalfa and clover mixture pasture in Slate Creek, Idaho County, May 3. (Portman). NEW JERSEY - Nymphs noted on one alfalfa field near Vincentown, Burlington County May 3. (Ins.-Dis. Newsltr.). TARNISHED PLANT BUG (Lygus lineolaris) - OKLAHOMA - Ranged 4-6 per 10 sweeps of alfalfa in Osage and Washington Counties. (Okla. Coop. Sur.). A LEAFHOPPER (Agailia constricta) - KENTUCKY - Adult counts of 36 per 100 sweeps of alfalfa in Jessamine County. Adults numbered 80 per 100 sweeps of clover in Fayette and Jessamine Counties. (Barnett). LYGUS BUGS (Lygus spp.) - NEVADA - Adults ranged 1-3 per sweep in Dixie Valley alfalfa seed fields. Adults and nymphs averaged 5-6 per sweep of flixweed adjacent to seed fields in Dixie Valley and at Lovelock, Pershing County. (Adams et al.). BEET ARMYWORM (Spodoptera exigua) - ARIZONA - Larvae 70 per 100 sweeps of alfalfa at Yuma, Yuma County. (Ariz. Coop. Sur.). WESTERN FLOWER THRIPS (Frankliniella occidentalis) - ARIZONA - Numbered 2,000 per 100 sweeps of alfalfa in Salt River Valley, Maricopa County. (Ariz. Coop. Sur.)). COTTON BOLL WEEVIL (Anthonomus grandis) - TEXAS - Extremely light in Rio Grande Valley area. Less than 1 percent of fields surveyed infested. (Deer, Apr. 30). Surveys negative in 12 fields in McLennan and Falls Counties. Installed 12 flight screens on March 30, first weevil taken April 9. Total of 8 weevils recovered as of May 6. Collected 745 weevils from wing traps baited with pheromone plugs. (Cowan et al.). ALABAMA - Total of 6 weevils taken on 2 of 27 farms in southern area. (Pike et al.). BOLLWORMS (Heliothis spp.) - TEXAS - Increase in beneficial insects reduced Heliothis species on cotton in Rio Grande Valley counties. (Deer, Apr. 30). In McLennan and Falls Counties, larvae collected from Indian paintbrush totaled 188 H. zea and 1 H. virescens. Larvae collected from other host plants totaled 244 H. Zea. (Cowan etial.) ss) COTTON APHID (Aphis gossypii) - ALABAMA - Ranged 5-50 per plant in several fields in Covington, Monroe, and Dallas Counties. (Pike et al.). - 343 - TOBACCO TOBACCO BUDWORM (Heliothis virescens) - ALABAMA - First and second instars in 50-60 percent of buds in 40 acre tobacco planting at Red Level in Covington County. Controls applied. (Pike et al.). SUGAR BEETS SUGARBEET ROOT MAGGOT (Tetanops myopaeformis) - COLORADO - Adults first trapped on May 3 in Windsor and Berthoud areas of Weld and Larimer Counties. (Burchett). WYOMING - Pupae ranged 0-11 per 10 feet of row in several fields near Powell, Park County. No apparent emergence as of May 2; no empty pupal cases found. (Burkhardt). BEET ARMYWORM (Spodoptera exigua) - FLORIDA - Still infesting sugar beets on experimental plots at Delray Beach, Palm Beach County. (Janes). SUGARBEET CROWN BORER (Hulstia undulatella) - WASHINGTON - First adults in black- light trap at Yakima, Yakima County May 4. (McLaughlin). GREEN PEACH APHID (Myzus persicae) - WASHINGTON - Incipient population of nymphs, alataes, and apterae on sugar beets in 4-6 leaf stage near Eureka and Lowden, Walla Walla County. (Tamaki, Turner). POTATOES, TOMATOES, PEPPERS APHIDS - CALIFORNIA - Macrosiphum euphorbiae (potato aphid) and Myzus persicae (green peach aphid) very heavy on tomatoes. Potato aphid infesting and killing pear and odd-shaped tomatoes and green peach aphid more confined to round type. (Cal. Coop. Rpt.). GREEN PEACH APHID (Myzus persicae) - NEVADA - Averaged 150 per leaf on eggplants at Las Vegas, Clark County. (Hoff, Zoller). TOMATO PINWORM (Keiferia lycopersicella) - CALIFORNIA - Larvae as many as 5 per fruit of tomato in 3 glass houses at Winters, Yolo County. Larvae penetrating sides of fruit as well as under bracts, damage heavy. (Cal. Coop. Rpt.). BEET ARMYWORM (Spodoptera exigua) - FLORIDA - Infesting 20 acres of untreated bell peppers at Delray Beach, Palm Beach County; also infesting commercial bell peppers, controls applied. (Janes). VEGETABLE WEEVIL (Listroderes costirostris obliquus) - TEXAS - Taken on tomatoes in Nacogdoches County. This is a new county record. (Coster). BEANS AND PEAS PEA LEAF WEEVIL (Sitona lineatus) - IDAHO - Adults near outbreak proportions in numerous peafields throughout Palouse Region. Adults abundant on plants in early stages of growth to 4 inches in height. Control measures underway. First time this species occurred in such heavy populations in Palouse Region. (Gittins, Kambitsch) . WASHINGTON - Adults heavy and damage severe to seedling peas through- out eastern Whitman County and southeastern Spokane County. (Retan et al.). GREEN PEACH APHID (Myzus persicae) - NEVADA - Averaged 100 per leaf on string beans in greenhouses at Las Vegas, Clark County. (Hoff, Zoller). CUCURBITS MELON APHID (Aphis gossypii) - ARIZONA - Several fields of cantaloup treated at Yuma County. Fields scattered from Wellton to Lower Yuma Valley. (Ariz. Coop. Sur.). A SPIDER MITE (Tetranychus turkestani) - ARIZONA - One watermelon field treated at Yuma, Yuma County. (Ariz. Coop. Sur.). - 344 - GENERAL VEGETABLES GREEN PEACH APHID (Myzus persicae) - CALIFORNIA - This species and Frankliniella occidentalis (western flower thrips) heavy and general on 40 acres of onions at Holtville, Imperial County. (Cal. Coop. Rpt.). BLACK CUTWORM (Agrotis ipsilon) - DELAWARE - First adults in blacklight trap April 27 in Sussex County. (Burbutis, Lesiewicz) . DECIDUOUS FRUITS AND NUTS OLETHREUTID MOTHS - WASHINGTON - First continuous emergence of Laspeyresia pomonella (codling moth) moths started May 1 according to sex-lure traps in apple orchard in full bloom at Yakima, Yakima County. (Johnson). NORTH CAROLINA - Seven L. pomonella moths in sex-lure traps April 3-7 at Moravian Falls, Wilkes County. (Rock). NEW JERSEY - Grapholitha molesta (oriental fruit moth) light in southern peach orchards. (Ins.—-Dis. NewsSltr.). TORTRICID MOTHS - OREGON - Cnephasia longana (omnivorous leaftier) damage consid- erable to new growth on recently grafted fruit and shade trees in nurseries in Multnomah, Clackamas, and Washington Counties. (Hemmerling, Nocolaison, Apr. 30). MICHIGAN - First Argyrotaenia velutinana (redbanded leafroller) moths collected from pheremone traps May 6 in Van Buren County orchard. Freshly deposited egg masses same day. (Sauer). A NOCTUID MOTH (Orthosia hibisci) - CALIFORNIA - Larvae 2 per leaf on pear in 10- acre orchard at Chico, Butte County. Infestations also in Sutter and San Joaquin Counties. Damaged pears and plums. Damage increasing past few years. Becoming economic pest. (Cal. Coop. Rpt.). EASTERN TENT CATERPILLAR (Malacosoma americanum) —- NEW HAMPSHIRE — Hatching on apple, not common, at Durham, Strafford County, April 21-28. (Morse). PEAR PSYLLA (Psylla pyricola) - MASSACHUSETTS - Adults numerous and ovipositing on pear spurs in Middlesex and Washington Counties. (Jensen, Apr. 22). WASHINGTON - Adults 1 per 15 trays on pear in 90 percent bloom, excellent control of nymphs with prepink treatment, eggs on spurs and unopen blooms at Cowiche, Yakima County, April 29. (Gregorich). APHIDS - MISSOURI - Aphis pomi (apple aphid) damage severe to unsprayed apples throughout central area. (Craig, Enns). Rhopalosiphum fitchii (apple grain aphid) hatched April 27 at Wooster, Wayne County. (Hall). TARNISHED PLANT BUG (Lygus lineolaris) - MASSACHUSETTS - Adults feeding on pear buds in Middlesex and Washington Counties. (Jensen, Apr. 22). EUROPEAN RED MITE (Panonychus ulmi) - GEORGIA - Eggs on peach twigs in Peach County. (Jones, Gentry, Apr. 30). NEW JERSEY - First overwintered eggs hatched May 3-4 in apple orchards in southern counties. In 1970, first hatched May 2. (Ins.-Dis. Newsltr.). CONNECTICUT - Overwintered eggs hatched in New London, New Haven, and Tolland Counties. (Savos, May 4). MAINE - Overwintered egg hatch, generally about May 10 at Highmoor Farm, will be possibly 7 days late in Kennebec County. (Wave). MCDANIEL SPIDER MITE (Tetranychus mcdanieli) - WASHINGTON - First summer eggs on pear in petal fall stage, overwintered females bronzed some foliage at Sawyer, Yakima County, April 30. (Johnson). PECAN NUT CASEBEARER (Acrobasis caryae) -— TEXAS — Moth emergence beginning in Guadalupe and Maverick Counties. (Thomas, Apr. 30). Early nutlet entry in Maverick, Gonzales, Guadalupe, Travis, and Bastrop Counties. Moth emergence and egg laying indicates insecticide applications will begin May 10-14 in counties - 345 - south of Travis; week of May 17-21 in Travis and surrounding counties. Applica- tions begun in Maverick County May 5-7. (Cole et al.). OKLAHOMA - Overwintered larvae but no pupae in pecan terminals in Creek County. (Okla. Coop. Sur.). CITRUS CITRUS RED MITE (Panonychus citri) - ARIZONA - Several lemon groves with marginal infestations treated at Yuma, Yuma County. (Ariz. Coop. Sur.). CARMINE SPIDER MITE (Tetranychus cinnabarinus) - ARIZONA - Heavy on oranges and other citrus in nursery at Yuma, Yuma County. (Ariz. Coop. Sur.). SMALL FRUITS WESTERN GRAPE LEAF SKELETONIZER (Harrisina brillians) - UTAH - Moths at St. George and Santa Clara, Washington County, on May 4; no larvae. (Huber, Knowlton). A CHRYSOMELID BEETLE (Timarcha intrictata) - OREGON - Moderate on foliage of wild Himalaya blackberry (Rubus procerus) near North Plains, Washington County. (Goeden, Apr. 30). BLUEBERRY BUD MITE (Acalitus vaccinii) - NORTH CAROLINA - Heaviest infestation in 6 years on Wolcott variety. Reduced about 75 percent of optimum number of flowers in Pender County. Conservative optimum, 6 flowers per fruit bud. (Hunt). ORNAMENTALS ROSE APHID (Macrosiphum rosae) -— CALIFORNIA - One of heaviest populations in several years. Infestations from Imperial County to Siskiyou County. Controls difficult. (Cal. Coop. Rpt.). BAGWORM (Thyridopteryx ephemeraeformis) - OKLAHOMA - Hatched April 27 in Washita County. Hatched in Payne County, larvae not leaving bags. (Okla. Coop. Sur.). BLACK VINE WEEVIL (Brachyrhinus sulcatus) - OREGON - Pupated in Willamette Valley. First pupae found May I in nursery at Dallas, Polk County. (Long). FOREST AND SHADE TREES SOUTHERN PINE BEETLE (Dendroctonus frontalis) - MARYLAND - Heavy infestations killed loblolly pines in Dorchester (60 acres), Wicomico (60 acres), Somerset (400 acres), Talbot (500 acres), and Worcester (2,700 acres) Counties. Total losses estimated at 35 million board feet. Stumpage dollar loss about $1,400,000. Tree losses accumulative for 1970-1971 season to date. Damages in 1971 growing season expected to increase due to dry spring. (U. Md., Ent. Dept.). A GEOMETRID MOTH (Lambdina pellucidaria) - OHIO - Many moths on every lawn in 25-50 acre residential Section at Yorktown, York County. Tops of 100 pines defoliated by late summer 1970. Expect more damage this year. (Holland, Allen, Apr. 28). NANTUCKET PINE TIP MOTH (Rhyacionia frustrana) - TENNESSEE - Infested 20 of 32 trees in Giles County. (Hollingsworth). EASTERN SPRUCE GALL APHID (Adelges abietis) - NEW HAMPSHIRE - Overwintered females common on Norway spruce; no eggs at Durham, Strafford County, May 5. (Conklin). PINE SPITTLEBUG (Aphrophora parallela) - TENNESSEE - Damaging main stem and crooking of pines in Giles County. (Hollingsworth). Heavy on Mugho pines in Fayette County. No damage. (Locke). - 346 - GEOMETRID MOTHS - TENNESSEE - Third and fourth instars of Paleacrita vernata (spring cankerworm) damaged shade trees in many areas of Davidson County and other central areas. Controls applied in many cases. (Bogard). OKLAHOMA - P. vernata still in Payne County. Damaged elms, mimosa, black locust, and roses. Vioderate on several trees and shrubs in Cleveland County. (Okla. Coop. Sur.). KANSAS - P. vernata damage heavy on many elms and some hackberry at Manhattan, Riley County. Up to 60 percent defoliation of elm in Crawford County near Pittsburg, due to 40 percent spring cankerworm and 60 percent Alsophila pometaria (fall cankerworm). (Bell). NORTH DAKOTA - P. vernata eggs abundant under bark flaps on Siberian elm in Bottineau County. (Tagestad). EASTERN TENT CATERPILLAR (Malacosoma americanum) - KANSAS - Completely defoliated wild cherry in Crawford, Cherokee, and Labette Counties. Infested wild cherry in Montgomery, Shawnee, Jackson, and Wabaunsee Counties. (Bell). MAINE - Hatched May 2. Small tents evident May 6. (Gall). BOXELDER TWIG BORER (Proteotaras willingana) - TENNESSEE - Damaged tender twigs of maples in Knox County. Controls planned. (Williams). CHRYSOMELID BEETLES - OKLAHOMA = First Pyrrhalta luteola (elm leaf beetle) adults on elm in Payne County April 30. Eggs laid in Major County. (Okla. Coop. Sur.). MISSISSIPPI - First generation of Chrysomela scripta (cottonwood leaf beetle) pupated in cottonwood nursery in Washington County. (Sartor). MAINE - Altica carinata (elm flea beetle) increased on elms in Several areas of Penobscot County. (Gall, Apr. 30). NATIVE ELM BARK BEETLE (Hylurgopinus rufipes) - NORTH DAKOTA - Adults appeared in window traps in Cass County, about Same date as in 1970. (Brandvik). EUROPEAN ELM SCALE (Gossyparia spuria) - CALIFORNIA - Ranged 1-12 per foot of stems and trunks on elms at Sacramento, Sacramento County. Tree trimming crews made high branches available for inspection. Heavy in tops of trees. Crawlers hatching. (Cal. Coop. Rpt.). AN APHID (Prociphilus fraxinifolii) - NEVADA - Heavy; damage heavy on new growth of ash tree nursery stock at Las Vegas, Clark County. (Hoff). MAN AND ANIMALS SCREWWORM (Cochliomyia hominivorax) - Two cases reported in U.S. May 2-8: TEXAS — Cameron. Total of 93 Llaboratory-confirmed cases reported in portion of Barrier Zone in Republic of Mexico as follows: Sonora 26, Chihuahua 15, Coahuila 2, Nuevo Leon 11, Tamaulipas 39. Total of 43 cases reported in Mexico south of Barrier Zone. Barrier Zone is area where eradication operation underway to prevent establishment of self-sustaining population in U.S. Sterile screwworm flies released: Texas 37,518,000; Arizona 3,800,000; Mexico 113,828,000. (Anim. Health Div.). HORN FLY (Haematobia irritans) - OKLAHOMA - Averaged 250 per head on yearlings, 35 per head on cows, and ranged 1,000-1,500 per head on bulls in western Payne County. Ranged 1,000-1,500 per head on cows in Noble County. Moderate in Cleveland and Garvin Counties. (Okla. Coop. Sur.). MISSISSIPPI - Adults 100 per head on 12 cattle at State College, Oktibbeha County. (Sartor). MARYLAND - Adults 3-50 per head in Baltimore, Harford, Howard, and Carroll Counties. Averaged 10 per head in most herds of dairy and beef cattle. (U. Md., Ent. Dept.). FACE FLY (Musca autumnalis) - MARYLAND - Annoying dairy and beef herds in Baltimore, Frederick, Carroll, and Harford Counties. Ranged 10-30 per head. (U. Md., Ent. Dept.). - 347 - MOSQUITOES - MINNESOTA - First Aedes larvae found March 31 and first pupation April 26. By May 8, most single-brooded Aedes will have pupated or emerged as adults. Culiseta inornata larvae began to appear by April 26. During first 14 days in April, overwintered Culiseta inornata females commonly taken in human bite collections; rarely taken during summer. District covers 6 county area surrounding Minneapolis and St. Paul and includes some 260 thousand acres of known mosquito breeding area. Aedes excrucians and A. fitchii in 25 percent of larval collections, A. stimulans and A. cinereus in 13 and 10 percent respectively, and A. vexans in 5.8 percent week ending May 1. Rain on May 4 not enough to produce new brood of A. vexans. (Minn. Pest Rpt.). NEW HAMPSHIRE - Aedes spp. numerous in woodland and roadSide pools. Third and fourth instars pupated in laboratory on April 28. Larvae about 10 per dip at Durham, Strafford County. (Reeves) . A BLACK FLY (Simulium venustum) - NORTH DAKOTA - Adults emerged May 3, May 22 in 1970, along Sheyenne River in Cass County. Up to 12 per animal annoying cattle and horses. (Brandvik). NORTHERN CATTLE GRUB (Hypoderma bovis) - WYOMING - Grubs averaged 2 per head on untreated calves at Torrington, Goshen County, April 23. Grubs began emerging in mid-April from untreated calves from Gillette, Campbell County. Emergence about completed. (Lloyd). TICK SURVEILLANCE - Survey throughout the U.S. and Puerto Rico is to show seasonal distribution of potential vectors and hosts of livestock diseases, and to detect exotic species. Some of the more interesting determinations for April were as follows: Amblyomma cajennense (Cayenne tick) TEXAS - bovine. Anocentor nitens (tropical horse tick) PUERTO RICO - bovine, equine. Ixodes pacificus (a hardbacked tick) OREGON - canine. Otobius megnini (ear tick) COLORADO — bovine; TEXAS - bovine, equine; OKLAHOMA - bovine; ARKANSAS - bovine. (Anim. Health Div.). ROCKY MOUNTAIN WOOD TICK (Dermacentor andersoni) - NEVADA - Adults averaged 10 per big sagebrush (Artemisia tridentata) plant on 10+ acres north of Elko County. (Peters). A VESPID WASP (Vespula pensylvanica) - WASHINGTON - Collected 4 winter queens in heptyl butyrate traps May I-2 at Pullman, Whitman County. (Akre). BENEFICIAL INSECTS LADY BEETLES - IDAHO - Mainly Hippodamus convergens (convergent lady beetle) adults averaged about 1 per sweep in White bird to Riggins area, Idaho County in pasture and legume hayfields May 3. (Portman). Lady beetle adults abun- dant in Canyon and Payette Counties on commercial apple orchard trees. Egg masses numerous on bark of trunk and scaffold branches. Trees in petal fall stage. (Homan, Portman). ARIZONA - H. convergens per 100 sweeps of alfalfa: 40 at Stafford, Graham County, and 20 larvae, 30 adults in Salt River Valley, Maricopa County. (Ariz. Coop. Sur.). OKLAHOMA - H. convergens adults 1,000 per 25 sweeps of alfalfa in Washita and Kiowa Counties not controlling heavy numbers of spotted alfalfa aphid. Ranged 60-100 per 10 sweeps (mostly adults) in alfalfa in Kingfisher County. Heavy buildup in scattered alfalfa in Garvin County and moderate in Garfield County. Larvae 10-15 per 10 sweeps of alfalfa in Osage and Washington Counties. Occasional Olla abdominalis adults on alfalfa in north- central area. (Okla. Coop. Sur.). MISSISSIPPI — Coleomegilla maculata adults averaged 2.27 per plant in Washington County cottonwood nursery stock. (Sartor). FLORIDA - H. convergens adults in 100 sweeps; 17 in oats, 11 in rye, 5 in alfalfa at Gainesville, Alachua County. (Mead). A PUNCTUREVINE SEED WEEVIL (Microlarinus lareynii) - OKLAHOMA - Specimens reared from seed pods of puncturevine (Tribulus terrestris) from Tangier area, Woodward County, and Selman area, Harper County, in early September 1970. Determined by R.E. Warner. These are first recoveries Since release in July 1965. Seems to be well established because mature puncturevine seed pods about 50 percent infested in both localities. (Okla. Coop. Sur.). - 348 - HONEY BEE (Apis mellifera) - TENNESSEE - General colony condition good but heavy loss from starvation in most areas. Prospects very good for honey flow. Recent moisture will prolong shallow-rooted plants. Black locust now full and very heavy. Good flow expected with fair weather next 10 days. No disease in apiaries placed under quarantine late in 1970 where antibiotics used as prevention. (Little). MINNESOTA - Winter losses not heavy although many colonies low in food stores. Starvation major problem this season. Those with adequate food doing very well with brood nests growing rapidly. Nosema disease taken toll of adult bees especially where colonies small and still dwindling. Pollen available from several tree sources and small amount of nectar from wild plum in southern half of State. Disease conditions in most yards appear well under control especially where medication applied to colonies in late winter. (Minn. Pest Rpt.). WASHINGTON - This species and syrphid flies attracted to pears in 15 percent of bloom following micronutrient spray at Yakima, Yakima County. (Gregorich). A LEAFCUTTING BEE (Megachile concinna) - IDAHO - Nesting with M. rotundata (alfalfa leafcutter bee) at Parma, Canyon County, by N.D. Waters, August 1970. Determined by J. Eves. This is a new State record. (Waters). ALFALFA WEEVIL PARASITES - KENTUCKY - Bathyplectes curculionis (an ichneumon wasp) and Aphidius smithi (a braconid) adults averaged 72 per 100 Sweeps in central area. (barnett). ILLINOIS - B. curculionis parasitism of alfalfa weevil increasing in southern area. Larval parasitism 8 percent April 26-30. (111. Ins. Sur.). NEW YORK - Microctonus aethiops (a braconid) established in Orange, Dutchess, Columbia, Rensselaer, Schoharie, Delaware, Otsego, Herkimer, Madison, Tioga, Tompkins, and Cayuga Counties. (N.Y. Wkly. Rpt.). A FLOWER BUG (Orius insidiosus) - FLORIDA - Adults in 100 sweeps: 248 in alfalfa, 93 in oats, and 45 in rye at Gainesville, Alachua County. (Mead). OKLAHOMA - Adults 1-5 per 10 sweeps of alfalfa in Osage, Kay, Grant, Garfield, and Washington Counties. (Okla. Coop. Sur.). A PHYTOSEIID MITE (Metaseiulus occidentalis) - WASHINGTON - First summer eggs at full bloom of red and golden delicious apples at Yakima May 3; overwintered females feeding on McDaniel spider mites. (Johnson). FEDERAL AND STATE PLANT PROTECTION PROGRAMS CARIBBEAN FRUIT FLY (Anastrepha suspensa) - FLORIDA - Adults trapped during March by county: Dade 9,210; Broward 2,078, and Palm Beach 722. Total adults trapped in 30 counties 13,305, same time in 1970, total of 1,940. (Poucher et al.). CEREAL LEAF BEETLE (Oulema melanopus) - WEST VIRGINIA - Adult feeding heavy in 2-inch spring oats; 40 percent of Seedlings in one square foot showing 50 percent feeding. One egg on winter wheat in Mason County. (W. Va. Ins. Sur.). OHIO - Adults 21 per 100 sweeps on Pickaway County wheat April 23. Up to 50 percent of leaf surface damaged on 4-inch oats in Perry County April 22. (Blair, Perry). GIANT AFRICAN SNAIL (Achatina fulica) - FLORIDA - During March, treatments of 31 properties where live Snail recovered past 10 months in north Miami, Dade County completed. Collected 12 live snails during this period, 9 found on 1 property. Most snails located under concrete sidewalks and around swimming pools. During April, recovered 3.5 inch snail on property where no snails found in previous 18 months. (PPD). GRASS BUGS - UTAH - Damage by Labops hesperius, Irbisia pacifica, and other Irbisia spp. increased in Kane and Garfield Counties; damaged 2,000 acres of crested wheatgrass and other grasses in Washington County. (Knowlton, Huber). GRASSHOPPERS - MINNESOTA - Egg development in sandy areas of Sherburne and Dakota Counties week of April 30: Melanoplus sanguinipes (migratory grasshopper) and M. bivittatus (twostriped grasshopper) in coagulation to early eye spot, M. femurrubrum (redlegged grasshopper), and M. differentialis (differentail - 349 = grasshopper) in coagulation stage. Egg predation less than 1 percent in all fields surveyed. Moderate to heavy numbers likely in central area. Egg development ahead of 1970. Recent cold weather slowed egg development. If warming trend continues, hatch of early species, such as Migratory grasshopper (M. sanguinipes) and M. bivittatus, expected in 14-21 days in light sandy soils. (Minn. Pest. Rpt.). NORTH DAKOTA - Light hatch in lighter soil areas in Richland County. Up to 6 first instars of Melanoplus sanguinipes per square yard in weedy field margins. Hatch 2-3 weeks earlier than in 1970. (Brandvik). PINK BOLLWORM (Pectinophora gossypiella) - CALIFORNIA - Sterile moth release started May 3 in Kern County, covers about 60,000 acres of cotton. Increased rates of release in 1-square-mile areas Surrounding 13 positive finds of 1970 underway. Released 2,999,000 sterile moths April 30 to May 6. Detection surveys negative for several weeks throughout San Joaquin Valley. (PPD). WEST INDIAN SUGARCANE BORER (Diaprepes abbreviatus) - FLORIDA - Adults light during March. Recovered 7 adults out of 37 properties consisting of 369 acres (1 from previously infested property) in Apopka area of Orange County. Larvae 4 on 1 of 2 properties consisting of 37 acres. Treatment to be applied to infested groves and adjacent groves. Each application totals about 850 acres. As of April 30, collected 82 adults on 37 properties. (PPD). WHITEFRINGED BEETLES (Graphognathus spp.) - ALABAMA - Larvae 1-3 under each corn plant on farm in Houston County. Area will be treated and replanted. (Williams et al.). Larvae 1-3 in 8-acre volunteer cornfield in Covington County. Larvae damaged plants in 6-acre cornfield. (Linder, Pike). DETECTION New North American Record - AN APHID (Acyrthosiphon festucae (Theobald)) - CALIFORNIA - Los Angeles County. (p. 340). New State Records - AN APHID (Rhopalosiphum padi) TENNESSEE - Knox County. (p. 340). A LEAFCUTTING BEE (Megachile concinna) IDAHO - Canyon County. (p. 348). New County and Island Records - ALFALFA WEEVIL (Hypera postica) KANSAS - Allen, Woodson, Butler, Stafford, Pratt, Harvey; Morris, Chase, Wabaunsee, Shawnee, Osage, Coffey, Douglas, Franklin, Anderson, Johnson, Miami, Linn, Jackson, Wyandotte; Dickinson, Marion, McPherson, Saline, and Ellsworth. OKLAHOMA - Washington, Osage, Kay, Grant, Garfield, Harmon, and Okmulgee. OREGON - Washing- ton. (p. 341). AN APHID (Rhopalosiphum padi) TENNESSEE - Clay and Marshall. (p. 340). GREENBUG (Schizaphis graminum) NEVADA - Churchill. (p. 339). LARGE MANGO TIP BORER (Bombotelia jocosatrix) HAWAII - Maui. (p. 350). VEGETABLE WEEVIL (Listroderes costirostris Obliquus) TEXAS - Nacogdoches. (p. 343). - 350 - HAWAII INSECT REPORT Turf and Pasture - GRASS WEBWORM (Herpetogramma licarsisalis) larvae on Mauai generally trace in 80 acres of Kikuyu grass and Pangola grass pastures at Hana; light in 20-acre Kikuyu paddock, average 3 larvae per square foot. Trace in pastures and turf at Kula, Ulupalakua, Makawao, Haiku, and Waihee. (Ah Sam, Miyahira) . General Vegetables - A WEEVIL (Brachyrhinus cribricollis) larvae moderate in 0.5 acre of head cabbage at Kula, feeding activity Severely stunted mature plants. This constitutes a new host record for this pest. First recorded in the State in June 1960 on island of Hawaii on burdock (Arctium lappa) and subsequently reported on Mauai in September 1965 on chrysanthemums. (Hori). LEAFMINER FLIES (Liriomyza spp.) and GREENHOUSE WHITEFLY (Trialeurodes vaporariorum) trace to light in fields of snap beans, cucumber, and tomato at Puna, Hawaii. Generally light in fields of snap beans and cucumber at Waimanalo, Oahu; trace in acre of soybeans at same area. Whitefly light, 10-15 per leaf, in 0.1 acre of eggplant and 5-10 per leaf in 0.25 acre of tomato plants at Kahului, Maui. (Kobayashi et A 5) o Fruits - Two LARGE MANGO TIP BORER (Bombotelia jocosatrix) adults (one each at Kahului and at Hana) taken at large on Maui during April for a new island record; previously reported only from Oahu and Kauai, and has not become a serious pest of mango since establishment on Oahu in April 1968. (Miyahira, Ah Sam). . General Pests - Adults of a SKIPPER (Hylephila phylaeus) moderate on lawns and Ornamentals at Salt Lake, Oahu. Distribution widespread in this area, although no discernible damage noted in any lawns. (Au et al.). NARROW WINGED KATYDID (Elimaea punctifera) light to moderate in 5.5 acres of snap beans, tomato, corn, cucumber, and peanuts at Puna, Hawaii. (Kobayashi) . A PLATASPID BUG (Coptosoma xanthogramma) moderate on terminals of maunaloa (Canavalia cathartica) , Erythrina Sp., and mango at Kaneohe, Oahu; as many as ld, 12, and LO nymphs and adults per 10 inches of host material, respectively. (Au). Man and Animals - CLUSTER FLY (Pollenia rudis) maggots parasitizing a species of earthworm (Allolobophora caliginosa) at Hawaii Volcanoes National Park, Hawaii. This is the first report of its host association in the State. (Yoshioka) . Beneficial Insects - SOUTH AFRICAN EMEX WEEVIL (Apion antiquum) larvae and adults moderate on Leaves and in stems of emex in pastures at Omaopio and Waiakoa, Maui; about 90 percent of plants infested to varied degrees. (Miyahira) . Miscellaneous Pests - Two males of a LONGHORN GRASSHOPPER (Euconocephalus nasutus) finally taken at Kula, Maui, following many months of reported “Singing § on this island, Now recorded from every major island except Hawaii and Lanai. (Miyahira). CORRECTIONS CEIR 21(17):302 Paragraph 2, line 7... “average of 3,392" ... should be "average of 2,030." (Cowan) . CEIR 21(18):313 KHAPRA BEETLE (Trogoderma granarium) - ARIZONA - ... ‘Determined by J.M. Kingsolver" ... should be ... "Determined by C.J. Hansel, confirmed by J.M. Kingsolver." (PPD). Weather of the week continued from page 338. area from Missouri to the Carolinas, and southward to the Gulf of Mexico warmed to the 80's Thursday afternoon. Laredo, Texas, registered 98° Friday afternoon. The northern Great Plains warmed to the 70's and the 80's by Saturday afternoon. Temperatures averaged above normal from the northern Great Plains to the Rio Grande and the western gulf coast, and below normal west of the Rocky Mountains and east of the Mississippi. (Summary supplied by Environmental Data Service, ESSA.) 351 = TRAP COLLECTIONS LIGHT (ce) © qd nN ce ca ire) >) on ws elite) (oa) Sela ee) x N are ~- NAt cal onl N q a mm nN nN qa xn © a N (se) orn ct ce oq fo) a ce © (s) (oa) ~~ Oontne io} =! N Lol Lal uw | HHA yu Hota ol yao [2a] mana foayee) [2] oaamam [22] mm re} ite) taal fo) i I re} ~ Tal t Re) SS Ko} i's) Ge) S te) Re) ! 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OTWOUGD, ut paaredaig JE H) WED STATES JE “Hy 2 ont EEN. 0004 USENLINATA1L22 03001 0001 US ENTOMOLOGY LIBRARY DEPT ENTOM NATIONAL MUSEUM WASHINGTON DC 20560 > VUL. ZI NO. ZI May Zi, lost 1") | ri 1s Cooperative ECONOMIC INSECT REPORT EM HSONig~ ( MAY 241971 LIBRARIES Issued by PLANT PROTECTION DIVISION AGRICULTURAL RESEARCH SERVICE UNITED STATES DEPARTMENT OF AGRICULTURE AGRICULTURAL RESEARCH SERVICE PLANT PROTECTION DIVISION ECONOMIC INSECT SURVEY AND DETECTION The Cooperative Economic Insect Report is issued weekly as a service to American Agriculture. Its contents are compiled from information supplied by cooperating State, Federal, and industrial entomologists and other agricul- tural workers. In releasing this material the Division serves as a clearing house and does not assume responsi- bility for accuracy of the material. To facilitate mailroom handling, all reports, inquiries, and other matters pertaining to this release, including the mailing list, should be sent to: The Editors, CEIR Economic Insect Survey and Detection Plant Protection Division, ARS, USDA Federal Center Building Hyattsville, Maryland 20782 Volume 21 May 21, 1971 Number 21 COOPERATIVE ECONOMIC INSECT REPORT HIGHLIGHTS Current Conditions ARMY CUTWORM damaged alfalfa in Nebraska and Nevada. SPOTTED ALFALFA APHID heavy on alfalfa in New Mexico and Oklahoma. (p. 355). ALFALFA WEEVIL damage heavy on alfalfa in Kentucky, tip damage heavy in Indiana. (5 BEG) - PEA LEAF WEEVIL adults heavy on peas in Washington, declining on peas in Idaho. (p59): SPRING CANKERWORM larvae heavy on Shade trees in Oklahoma, Kansas, and Tennessee. (p. 361) A GRASS BUG damaged grasses in Utah and Oregon. (p. 364). GYPSY MOTH larvae heavy in portions of New Jersey, pose threat to blueberry fields. IMPORTED FIRE ANT damaged small corn planting in Alabama. (p. 364). Detection A PTEROMALID WASP reported for the first time from South Dakota. (p. 363). For new county records see page 365. Special Reports Improved Traps for Capturing Boll Weevils. (pp. 367-368) . Reports in this issue are for week ending May 14 unless otherwise indicated. - 353 - = 354 = CONTENTS Special Insects of Regional SEL EANEESLOAMNOES 6o0b0od00CCOCDdD0000D 00 C00 DN00000 00S OD Insects Affecting Corn, Sorghum, Sugarcane......2+..ed00 Beans and PeaS.......ecccvcecreeedd9 Simaglil CRAM >50060000000000000000009 88 Deciduous Fruits and Nuts.......309 Turf, Pastures, Rangeland..........306 CHAU 6 co cag OD 00D DD GOD DDO OD 00 C0 ODO) Forage LegumeS.......escececceese se ed00 Small Str usGbSrerereveleicvelereleliolerstelonerorenener One COULOMs coodb000d0 0000000 DOOD ODDO DOMES Forest and Shade Trees..........301 TMODACGEOoocccccccdd0000d00 OCD 00d OOO Dw aS Man) tard) “Aniimalllsycyeyeie ele oe) «11 el ole) oleate Sucammbeetsewiercherlericiotentstererteniaperene nO, SttoredmProducitSlomiepsicielerelevarelerelereies Os Potatoes, Tomatoes, Peppers........309 Bene hicialmelnsecitserrecrerecictonrcceiclelsioloiciehcneleveksvelctekcinoneieneioionenonsrorsralelevoncicncienerenclaielon toners Rederal and State Plant Protection) Programs clereicre)clclecis)lele slelelcielclel sia ciel elelaleiererranOs Hawaisiulinsect sReporbtrnieeieieicncicheloncieiclcteichen nelieielclolsioucicvaleneonelenckeicheleieielaielcvaleieleloiateheloneloneret OO) DEtee Eon so a esac uci alevore eroncieieleuoveusie a: sireieliese) slelsree:lellelicnsvelolsteneNenclonelevolekeuslevoleh skcWavcr shen sheRcheRmemes OO) igi@ine Goi) Colieewl@ngs>s>o5460000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000008 85 Improved! iraps for Capturninge. Boll weevils crererelelsielsieleleteieickalcienelercioielelelenerslehaloieienetenene Ol NATIONAL WEATHER SERVICE'S 30-DAY OUTLOOK MID-MAY TO MID-JUNE 1971 The National Weather Service's 30-day outlook for mid-May to mid-June is for temperatures to average above seasonal normals in the Northeast, as well as along the gulf coast and west of the Divide. Below normal averages are indicated for the upper and middle Mississippi Valley and eastern portions of the Great Plains. Elsewhere near normal temperatures are in prospect. Precipitation is expected to exceed normal over the Northeast and from the gulf coast region to the Great Lakes. Subnormal totals are indicated for the West Coast States, the southern Plateau region and northern portions of the northern Plains. In unspecified areas near normal precipitation is expected. Weather forecast given here is based on the official 30-day "Resume and Outlook" published twice a month by the National Weather Service. You can subscribe through the Superintendent of Documents, Washington, D.C. 20250. Price $5.00 a year. WEATHER OF THE WEEK ENDING MAY 17 HIGHLIGHTS: Generous rains ended the drought in southern Florida, parts of Texas received drought relieving showers. PRECIPITATION: A wet weather pattern covered most of the eastern half of the Nation early in the week. Warm moist air flowing northward from the Gulf of Mexico released heavy rain as the low pressure areas and their associated fronts moved eastward. Tornadoes occured from Kansas to Texas and eastward to Missis— sippi. They caused a number of injuries and considerable damage to trees, power lines, mobile homes, and other property. Severe thunderstorms with hail, high winds, and heavy rains, occurred over portions of the central and southern Great Plains and the Deep South. About 5.50 inches of rain swamped Greenwood, Nebraska, in 5 hours late Monday, and more than 3 inches fell east of Lincoln, Nebraska, between Elmwood and Murcock in 45 minutes. Heavy downpours flooded fields and closed highways. Hail, ranging in size from as Small as marbles to as large as grapefruit, fell in the lower Rio Grande Valley Tuesday afternoon. One hailstone weighed 12 ounces. Heavy rains deluged many localities throughout the South in the 24-hour period ending at 7 a.m. Wednesday. A locality northwest of Little Rock, Arkansas, received 5.95 inches. Weather of the week continued on page 366. = 355 = SPECIAL INSECTS OF REGIONAL SIGNIFICANCE ARMYWORM (Pseudaletia unipuncta) - MICHIGAN - Collected 24 moths during week ending May 10 at Lenawee County blacklight station. Cool nights reduced activity. (Newman). OHIO - Small flights at Wooster, Wayne County, on warmer evenings. Moth counts heavier than Similar period in 1969 but much lower than in 1970. (Rings). VIRGINIA - Moths 50 in light trap collections week ending May 7 on Eastern Shore. (Hofmaster). MISSOURI - Larvae ranged 0-7 per square foot in wheat and barley in southwest area. Heaviest in areas of heavy growth. Mostly first and second instars. First and second instars ranged 3-9 per square foot in fescue and orchard grass in southwest area. Fields checked managed for seed production. (Hanning). ARMY CUTWORM (Euxoa auxiliaris) - MONTANA - Infested several hundred acres of winter wheat in Cascade County. Light on 60 acres of alfalfa near Townsend, Broadwater County. (Pratt, May 7). NEVADA - Larvae generally light and scattered on seed alfalfa at Orovada, Humboldt County. Larvae ranged 3-6 per crown in 160-acre field, controls applied. (Lundahl, Rowe). WYOMING - Late instars ranged 0-2 per linear foot of wheat in Laramie County. (Parshall). NEBRASKA - Damaged established alfalfa stand and seedling corn following alfalfa near Cozad in Dawson County. No counts available. (Pearson, May 12). Averaged less than 1 per linear foot in 4 wheatfields in Hitchcock County. (Menke, May 11). CORN EARWORM (Heliothis zea) - NORTH CAROLINA - Adults observed in Coastal Plain and Piedmont areas; larvae on corn in Columbus County. (Threat). CORN LEAF APHID (Rhopalosiphum maidis) - TEXAS - Light to moderate in central and south-central areas. (Cole). GREENBUG (Schizaphis -graminum) - WASHINGTON - Increased and becoming more general on wheat. Ranged 1-10 per 10 sweeps of wheat beginning to head; appearing on sticky traps in Benton and Franklin Counties. (Klostermeyer). TEXAS - Light on sorghum in Hays and Caldwell Counties. (Cole). NEBRASKA - First winged migrants taken in suction trap at Lincoln, Lancaster County, April 20. (Berogan). SPOTTED ALFALFA APHID (Therioaphis maculata) - NEW MEXICO - Scattered and heavy infestations required treatment in Chaves and Eddy Counties. Counts ranged from 10 per 25 sweeps to 3 per trifoliate leaf. (Mathews). OKLAHOMA - Moderate to heavy on alfalfa in Cleveland County. Averaged 50 per 10 sweeps in Noble County. (Okla. Coop. Sur.). KANSAS - None to light on 10 to 25-inch alfalfa in northeast district. (Bell). WISCONSIN - Ranged 1-2 per 10 sweeps of alfalfa on light soils in Crawford and Sauk Counties. (Wis. Ins. Sur.). CORN, SORGHUM, SUGARCANE EUROPEAN CORN BORER (Ostrinia nubilalis) - SOUTH DAKOTA - Percent overwintering borer mortality by county (Spot checks): Brookings 10-50, Clay 10, Lincoln 10-40, Minnehaha 40-70, Moody 0-30, Turner 10-30, Union 0-10, and Yankton 0-30. (Janes). INDIANA - No pupation observed in Bedford area of south-central district. (Huber). DELAWARE - Pupation averages 48 percent in Sussex County. First adult May 5. Adults 1 per night in blacklight traps. (Burbutis, Lesiewicz). BLACK CUTWORM (Agrotis ipsilon) - MISSOURI - Infestations on small corn in river bottoms in east-central area. Feeding damage on 60-90 percent of plants in some fields. (Thomas). CORN FLEA BEETLE (Chaetocnema pulicaria) - KENTUCKY - Adults damaged young corn in south-central and western areas. (Barnett). TENNESSEE - Heavy on corn in western areas. Many fields show signs of disease. Several adults per plant in Hardin County. (Turpen, Steele). SUGARCANE BEETLE (Euetheola rugiceps) - ALABAMA - Adult damage as high as 25 per- cent in some fields of corn in Southern Monroe County. Controls unsatisfactory. (Lemons). - 356 - SEEDCORN MAGGOT (Hylemya platura) - NEW JERSEY - Adults 310 on 3 sticky-board traps May 5-12 at Cedarville, Cumberland County. (Ins.-Dis. Newsltr.). NORTH CAROLINA - Adults heaviest in 10+ years in Duplin and Sampson County area. Fungus disease reducing numbers. Full impact not known. (Brett). YELLOW SUGARCANE APHID (Sipha flava) - TEXAS - Light on grain sorghum in Hays and Calhoun Counties. (Cole). OKLAHOMA - Very light on young corn in Bixby area, Tulsa County. First of season. (Okla. Coop. Sur.). POTATO APHID (Macrosiphum euphorbiae) - OKLAHOMA - Ranged 1-8 per leaf on lower leaves of 40 percent of young corn plants (12-18 inches) in Bixby area, Tulsa County. (Okla. Coop. Sur.). SMALL GRAINS PALE WESTERN CUTWORM (Agrotis orthogonia) - WYOMING - Larvae ranged O-1 per linear foot of wheat in 9 Laramie County fields. (Parshall). NEBRASKA - Generally light, averaged 0.5-1 per linear foot of wheat in Hitchcock County; damage light on scattered knolls in 4 wheatfields on May 11. (Menke). ENGLISH GRAIN APHID (Macrosiphum avenae) - MARYLAND -— Increased on barley and wheat in Talbot, Dorchester, Queen Annes, and Caroline Counties. Ranged 5-20 per sweep in heaviest infested fields. Counts below economic threshold. (U. Md., Ent. Dept.). BROWN WHEAT MITE (Petrobia latens) - NEVADA - Ranged 10-25 per leaf on additional 40 acres of winter wheat in Lovelock area, Pershing County; treated by irrigation week of May 7. (Stitt). See CEIR 21(17):292, 21(18):308, and 21(19):320. (PPD). WIREWORMS -—- NORTH DAKOTA - Larvae of unspecified species (ranged 1-1.5 per square foot of wheat) reduced stands 30-35 percent in Cass County. (McBride). TURF, PASTURES, RANGELAND A BILLBUG (Sphenophorus venatus confluens) - OREGON - Observed in Willamette Valley orchard grass. Potential for damage greatest in fields with no previous history of infestation. (Kamm). SOUTHERN CHINCH BUG (Blissus insularis) - TEXAS - Continues to increase in St. Augustine grass lawns in Brazos and Limestone Counties. (Green, Brown). A LEAFHOPPER (Dikraneura carneola) - UTAH - Ranged 12-20 per 10 sweeps of grasses at Pleasant Grove, Utah County. (Knowlton, Davis). FORAGE LEGUMES ALFALFA WEEVIL (Hypera postica) - PENNSYLVANIA - Adults 4 per 50 sweeps of alfalfa in Centre County, no larvae. (Gesell). Counts per 50 sweeps in Dauphin County: Larvae less than 5 and adults 5. (Hower). MARYLAND - Larvae less than 2 per sweep in Queen Annes, Dorchester, Caroline, Talbot, Prince Georges, and Montgomery Counties. Populations still light throughout State. (U. Md., Ent. Dept.). VIRGINIA - Larvae light to moderate in Madison County for first time in 3 years. Some controls applied. (Grove, April 29). KENTUCKY - Larvae averaged 3,000 per 100 sweeps in untreated fields in Scott County. Damage continues heavy in most areas. Heaviest in north and northwestern areas. Loss on untreated fields 40 percent. (Barnett). OHIO - Larvae 4-5 per terminal in treated alfalfa fields in Brown County. Larvae 60 per 100 sweeps in Warren County, damage light. (Flessel). INDIANA - Tip damage 50+ percent on most alfalfa in southern district; many fields showed 80-100 percent tip damage period ending May 7. Currently, little feeding noted on alfalfa terminals in central districts north of Indianapolis. Only occasional feeding noted south of this city except in southwestern corner of southwest district; up to 80 percent of terminals showed feeding signs in Vigo and Morgan County fields. In west-central district, larvae per 100 terminals - 357 - in southern districts week ending May 7 averaged: Southeast 389, south-central 443, southwest 255. (Meyer). ILLINOIS - Area of economic damage should be south of line from northern Adams County to northern Coles County. Populations heavier on western side of State than eastern. Larvae per 100 sweeps by county: Adams 930, Logan 30, Mason 335, and McLean O. (111. Ins. Sur.). WISCONSIN - Larvae in first and second stage but occasional third. Populations and feeding light in areas surveyed. (Wis. Ins. Sur.). KANSAS - Hypera postica larval counts per 10 sweeps by county (3 fields per county unless otherwise indicated): Marshall none; Nemaha none (2 fields); Brown 0-0.4; Doniphan 0-0.6 (2 fields); Atchison 1.2-4 (2 fields); Jefferson 0.6-1.2; Leaven- worth 0.4 (1 field); and Lyon 0.2-1.6. Adults averaged 0.2 per 10 sweeps in one alfalfa field in Marshall County and 0.2 per 10 sweeps in field of red clover in Doniphan County. No other adults found. Additional new county records include Lyon, Marshall, Brown, Doniphan, Atchison, Jefferson, and Leavenworth. Determined by K.O. Bell. (Bell). OKLAHOMA - Larvae light in 2 alfalfa fields in Cherokee area of Alfalfa County. This is a new county record. Larvae heavy in Mayes County, moderate to heavy in Cleveland County. Larvae averaged 5 per 10 sweeps in Noble County. Larvae moderate in Okfuskee County, adults heavy. Adults up to 60 per square foot in Pottawatomie County. (Okla. Coop. Sur.). TEXAS - Larvae 25 and adults up to 4 per 100 sweeps of alfalfa in Denton County. Infestation in Bell County. This is a new county record. (Turney, Decker). COLORADO - Larvae ranged 4-10 per 100 sweeps of alfalfa in Mesa and Delta Counties. (Bulla). UTAH - Adults ranged 8-25 per 10 sweeps of alfalfa and all larval stages 1-3 per sweep at Pleasent Grove, Utah County. (Knowlton, Davis). All instars moderate, some injury in "Dixie" area of Washington County (Huber) ; and Moab area of Grand County, lighter injury in San Juan County (Jones). WYOMING - Adults less than 1 per 10 sweeps in Goshen County. None collected in Platte or Laramie Counties. Alfalfa 4-7 inches tall. (Parshall). WASHINGTON - Adults ranged 0.2-2 per sweep of alfalfa near Pullman, Whitman County. (Akre, Johansen). OREGON - First larvae of season noted in alfalfa in Redmond area, Deschutes County. (Sterling). NEVADA - Larvae very light and scattered at Lovelock, Pershing County. Many gravid females present. (Stitt). Larvae averaged 6 per sweep in most heavily infested alfalfa at Fallon, Churchill County, infes- tations spotted. Adults mating; gravid females and numerous eggs present. Devel- opment 1-2 weeks behind normal. (Adams, Arnett). CLOVER LEAF WEEVIL (Hypera punctata) - KANSAS - Larvae light to moderate in 3 alfalfa fields in Riley County; most found infected with fungus disease, probably Entomophthora spaerosperma. (Bell). CLOVER ROOT CURCULIO (Sitona hispidula) - WASHINGTON - Adults ranged 0.2-0.4 per sweep of alfalfa near Pullman, Whitman County. (Akre, Johansen). SOUTHERN CORN ROOTWORM (Diabrotica undecimpunctata howardi) - KANSAS - Adults ranged 0.6-3.6 per 10 sweeps in 3 alfalfa fields in Lyon County. (Bell). PEA APHID (Acyrthosiphon pisum) - WASHINGTON - Ranged 7-20 per sweep in alfalfa seed fields near Touchet, Walla Walla County. Macrosiphum creelii comprised 15-20 percent of population. (Eves). UTAH - Acyrthosiphon pisum ranged 12-35 per 10 sweeps of alfalfa at Pleasant Grove, Utah County. iknow ton, Davis). Moderate in Washington County. (Huber). WYOMING - Averaged 5 per 10 sweeps of alfalfa in Goshen County. None found in Platte and Laramie Counties. (Parshall). COLORADO - Ranged 10-20 per 100 sweeps of alfalfa in Mesa and Delta Counties. (Bulla). OKLAHOMA - Heavy in alfalfa in Pawnee County, moderate in Cleveland County. Averaged 40 per 10 sweeps in Noble County. (Okla. Coop. Sur.). KANSAS - No serious infestations found in alfalfa. (Bell). MISSOURI - Ranged 20-250 per 10 sweeps of alfalfa in southwest area. Populations declining, predator counts high. (Hanning). WISCONSIN - A. pisum remain light, ranged 1-6 per 10 sweeps of alfalfa. Alates appearing. (Wis. Ins. Sur.). MARYLAND - Ranged 100-300 per sweep in Dorchester and Caroline Counties. Infestations on lower Eastern Shore above 1970 levels at this time. (U. Md., Ent. Dept.). = 358 - MEADOW SPITTLEBUG (Philaenus spumarius) - WISCONSIN - Populations above normal in Vernon, Crawford, Richland, Sauk, and northern Grant Counties. (Wis. Ins. Sur.). INDIANA - Nymphs per 100 alfalfa terminals, week ending May 7, by district; Southeast 16.9, south-central 2.7, southwest 8.6. (Meyer). LYGUS BUGS (Lygus spp.) - NEW MEXICO - Counts per 25 sweeps of alfalfa: Nymphs 1-5 and adults 3-10 in area from Roswell to Artesia in Chaves and Eddy Counties. (Mathews) . YELLOWSTRIPED ARMYWORM (Spodoptera ornithogalli) - OHIO - Single moth in black- light trap at Wooster, Wayne County, on May 11. Probably overwintered in protected location. (Rings). COTTON BOLL WEEVIL (Anthonomus grandis) - TEXAS - Remained light in Rio Grande Valley. Punctured squares heaviest (15 percent) in Edinburg area of Hidalgo County. Punctured squares ranged 0-3 percent in most fields. (Deer). In McLennan and Falls Counties, weevils in 3 of 27 fields. None on flight screens. Total of 72 weevils taken in pheromone traps near hibernation sites; total to date 817. (Cowan et al.). MISSISSIPPI - In delta counties, collected 8 weevils in 22 traps baited with pheromone wicks. Installed 64 live traps around 2 adjoining fields (1 planted, 1 unplanted) April 28; total of 60 weevils recovered to May 14. (Pfrimmer et al.). ALABAMA - Surveys for live weevils negative on 16 farms in north and central areas. (Thompson et al.). GEORGIA - Adults averaged 466 per acre in wood trash samples throughout south area; averaged 5 per grandlure trap in Randolph County. (Womack, May 8). BOLLWORMS (Heliothis spp.) - TEXAS - In McLennan and Falls Counties, total of 102 larvae previously collected on native hosts identified H. zea. Seven larvae taken on native host identified H. virescens. Total to date on all hosts 534 H. zea and 8 H. virescens. Hosts include spiderwort, Texas star, corn, Indian paintbrush, prairie larkspur, phlox, wild foxglove, alfalfa, lizardtail, daisy, and evening primrose. (Cowan et al.). Decreased on cotton in Rio Grande Valley due to beneficial insects. Heliothis spp. egg laying very light. Infestations ranged 0-2 percent. (Deer). CABBAGE LOOPER (Trichoplusia ni) -— TEXAS - Larvae light on cotton in Rio Grande Valley. (Deer). Fr COTTON APHID (Aphis gossypii) - CALIFORNIA - Heavy on cotton in Pumpkin Center and Taft areas of Kern County. (Cal. Coop. Rpt.). ALABAMA - Nymphs and winged forms ranged 1-20 on young plants in fields checked in Colbert, Morgan, and Madison Counties where no systemic materials used. (Eich et al.). COTTON FLEAHOPPER (Pseudatomoscelis sSeriatus) ~— TEXAS - Remained light in most Rio Grande Valley counties. Ranged 0-4 per 100 terminals in Lyford and Raymond— ville area of Willacy County. (Deer). A PILLBUG (Armadillidium vulgare) - TEXAS - Reportedly killed stands of cotton in two 20-acre fields in McClennan County. (Cowan). TOBACCO TOBACCO BUDWORM (Heliothis virescens) - NORTH CAROLINA - Adults in Coastal Plain and Piedmont areaS. Larvae on tobacco sets in Columbus County. (Threat). TOBACCO FLEA BEETLE (Epitrix hirtipennis) - NORTH CAROLINA - Adults very heavy, counts of 100+ holes per leaf (100 leaf counts), on newly set tobacco plants in Columbus and Duplin Counties. (Pleasants, Hunt). cI ee) SUGAR BEETS SUGARBEET ROOT MAGGOT (Tetanops myopaeformis) - COLORADO - Adult collections in bait traps increased in Berthoud aréa of Larimer County; no increase noted in Windsor area of Weld County. (Burchett). POTATOES, TOMATOES, PEPPERS COLORADO POTATO BEETLE (Leptinotarsa decemlineata) - MARYLAND - Adults laying eggs on potatoes in Somerset and Worchester Counties. Counts less than 1 per 6 row feet in most fields. (U. Md., Ent. Dept.). VIRGINIA - Adults numerous in Accomack and Northampton Counties. Cool weather curtailed activity but first egg masses observed on April 27. (Hofmaster). OKLAHOMA -— Adults on wild hosts in southern Noble County but no infestations reported on potatoes. (Okla. Coop. SareS))6 BEANS AND PEAS PEA LEAF WEEVIL (Sitona lineata) - WASHINGTON - Adults abundant and severely notching 1 to 3-inch pea seedlings north and east of Colfax, lesser numbers south of Pullman, Whitman County; heavy in Spokane County. Most insecticide treatments successful. (Entenmann et al.). IDAHO - Field infestations, based on feeding injury to green peas and Austrian winter peas, greater in fields in Potlatch area of Latah County, compared with fields south of Moscow. Plants have outgrown feeding damage. Only 1 or 2 fields required treatment. (Futter, Portman). BEAN LEAF BEETLE (Cerotoma trifurcata) - OKLAHOMA - Damage moderate to snap bean plants in southern Tulsa County before controls applied. (Okla. Coop. Sur.). DECIDUOUS FRUITS AND NUTS CODLING MOTH (Laspeyresia pomonella) - WASHINGTON - Adults collected in attractant traps, first adults May 10 in Tieton, Yakima County. (Gregorich, Johnson). COLORADO - Adults continue to increase in attractant and bait traps in Mesa County, counts as high as 30 per attractant trap. Tentative first cover spray. May 15. (Bulla). ORIENTAL FRUIT MOTH (Grapholitha molesta) - COLORADO - Moth flights very light in Palisade, Vineland, and Orchard in MeSa County compared with same time in 1970. (Sisson, Anderson). NEW JERSEY - Adults 5 on sticky-board trap May 5-12 at Glassboro, Gloucester County. (Ins.-Dis. Newsltr.). EYESPOTTED BUD MOTH (Spilonota ocellana) - MAINE - Larvae mining apple buds; injury light. (Gall). GREEN PEACH APHID (Myzus persicae) - OREGON - Building up on peach trees in Ontario area, Malheur County. Leaf-rolling colonies noted in most trees of 500- tree orchard on May 7. About 20 percent of nymphs have wing pads of alate form. (Crowell, Henninger). COLORADO - Numerous in unsprayed peach and plum trees in Mesa County; 15-30 colonies per tree in heavier infestations caused curling of leaves. Heavier infestations mostly on backyard plantings. (Bulla, Sisson). BLACK CHERRY APHID (Myzus cerasi) - UTAH - Spotty and curling sweet cherry foliage in Utah County. (Knowlton, Davis). Infestations more serious in Washington County cherry orchards (Huber) ; moderate in San Juan County (Jones). PEAR PSYLLA (Psylla pyricola) - MASSACHUSETTS - Adults still deposting eggs; some eggs hatched in Hampshire and Hampden Counties. (Jensen). CONNECTICUT - Egg hatch underway in Tolland County. New eggs noted in New Haven and Tolland Counties on new foliage. (Savos, May 11). MICHIGAN - Eggs hatching, first-generation nymphs moving to new foliage in pear orchards from Berrien County north to Oceana County. (Thompson) . WASHINGTON - Observations in Yakima County indicate early sprays gave - 360 - inadequate control in many cases; petal fall applications applied to control immature forms. Mostly third and fourth instar nymphs present; first summer adults seen May 8. (Gregorich. Johnson). SHOTHOLE BORER (Scolytus rugulosus) - OREGON - Damage severe in 6 to 7-year-old dwarf apple orchard in Sunnyside area, Clackamas County. Damage to young trees unusual; generally occurs only when hosts subjected to adverse climatic and/or cultural factors. (Capizzi). PEARSLUG (Caliroa cerasi) - WASHINGTON - Hatched May 3 at Moxee, Yakima County. Widespread in one orchard, especially on Anjou pears. (Durrett). EUROPEAN RED MITE (Panonychus ulmi) - MASSACHUSETTS - Overwintering eggs hatching in Hampshire and Hampden Counties. (Jensen). CONNECTICUT - Hatch of overwintered eggs about 40-60 percent in New Haven, Tolland, and New London Counties. (Savos, May 11). MICHIGAN - Winter eggs hatched May 10 as far north as Grand Rapids area. Young mites building up on new leaves. Will soon be too late for prebloom miticides on Red Delicious apples in southern counties. (Thompson). PECAN NUT CASEBEARER (Acrobasis caryae) - TEXAS - First controls applied to most pecan orchards in Gonzales and Guadalupe Counties. Emergence erratic in some areaS; may require second application. In Gonzales County, peak of egg laying reached. Eggs hatching in Bastrop and Travis Counties; spraying underway. Eggs hatching in Brazos, Bell, and Milam Counties. (Green). PECAN LEAF PHYLLOXERA (Phylloxera notabilis) - TEXAS - Moderate in Madison County. Galls developed but not open. (Coster). CITRUS Insect Situation in Florida - End of April - CITRUS RUST MITE (Phyllocoptruta oleivora) infested 69 (norm 63) percent of groves; economic in 51 (norm 40) percent. Decreased in 37 percent and increased in 30 percent of groves. State- wide counts of number of leaves infested Showed increase and population stayed above normal and in high range. Highest districts south, west, and north. Little change expected. CITRUS RED MITE (Panonychus citri) infested 47 (norm 49) percent of groves; economic in 24 (norm 19) percent. Population near normal and in moderate range. Increase expected and will result in heavy infestations in scattered groves. Highest districts south and central. TEXAS CITRUS MITE (Panonychus citri) infested 43 (norm 49) percent of groves; economic in 19 (norm 24) percent. Population in low range and slightly below normal. Increase likely to be rapid and cause heavy infestations in local areas. Highest districts south, central, and east. SIXSPOTTED MITE (Eotetranychus sexmaculatus) infested 9 percent of groves; economic in 2 percent. Statewide population near normal and low. Few heavy infestations will persist through May, then diminish. GLOVER SCALE (Lepidosaphes gloverii) infested 86 (norm 82) percent of groves; economic in 15 (morm 25) percent. Population slightly below normal but entered high range and will increase. Highest districts south, north, and west. PURPLE SCALE (L. beckii) infested 78 (norm 82) percent of groves; economic in 7 (norm 11) percent. Wi stay below normal and moderate. Highest district north. CHAFF SCALE (Parlatoria pergandii) infested 49 (norm 64) percent of groves; economic in 2 (norm I1) percent. Will stay below normal and in low range despite slight increase. Highest district north. YELLOW SCALE (Aonidiella citrina) infested 36 (norm 64) percent of groves; economic in none (norm 9) percent. April population lowest since 1964 and will remain low. Highest district south. BLACK SCALE (Saissetia oleae) infested 11 (norm 26) percent of groves; economic in 3 (norm 10) percent. April population below normal and very low. Slight increase expected late May. Highest district west. An ARMORED SCALE (Unaspis citri) infested 29 percent of groves; economic in 20 percent. Expect increase. WHITEFLY adults in 93 percent of groves; eggs on new leaves in 78 percent of groves; 60 percent of groves have larvae on new leaves in normal moderate numbers. Expect increase. MEALYBUGS in 3 percent of groves. Will become more abundant in May and some heavy infestations expected by June. (W.A. Simanton (Citrus Expt. Sta., Lake Alfred)). - 361 - SMALL FRUITS STRAWBERRY LEAFROLLER (Ancylis comptana fragariae) - MARYLAND - Heavy, controls required in 2 acres of Strawberries near Salisbury, Wicomico County. (U. Md., Ent. Dept.). CRANBERRY GIRDLER (Chrysoteuchia toparia) - IDAHO - First adult flight noted at Moscow, Latah County. (Barr). FOREST AND SHADE TREES NANTUCKET PINE TIP MOTH (Rhyacionia frustrana) - MARYLAND - Adults laying eggs in Prince Georges, Montgomery, and Anne Arundel Counties. (U. Md., Ent. Dept.). EUROPEAN PINE SHOOT MOTH (Rhyacionia buoliana) - MISSOURI - Pupation underway in Jackson County. Total of 100 forms collected and 34 pupated. (Hanning) PINE SPITTLEBUG (Aphrophora parallela) - MISSISSIPPI - Light on loblolly pine saplings in Oktibbeha County. (Sartor). TENNESSEE - Light on pines in Henderson County. No damage observed. (Turpen). WISCONSIN - Spittle masses evident on white Pines in Richland County. (Okla. Coop. Sur.). EUROPEAN PINE SAWFLY (Neodiprion sertifer) - IOWA - Larvae caused defoliation on Scotch pine at Moravia, Monroe County; 10 larvae per 6-inch candle. (Iowa Ins. Sur.). MICHIGAN - First eggs hatched May 6 in Cass County. (Flink). No hatch reported in central area. (Wallner). EASTERN TENT CATERPILLAR (Malacosoma americanum) - MARYLAND - Heavy throughout Frederick, Montgomery, Prince Georges, Anne Arundel, Baltimore, and Harford Counties. Fourth instars migrating in central and southern counties. First and second instars heavy on wild cherry in Garrett, Allegany, and higher elevations of Washington County. Population levels in these western counties heaviest within past several years. (U. Md., Ent. Dept.). FOREST TENT CATERPILLAR (Malacosoma disstria) - MISSOURI - Collected from black— jack oak in Dent County by W.H. Kirby May 11, 1971. Determination by W.H. Kearby. (Hanning). SPRING CANKERWORM (Paleacrita vernata) - TENNESSEE - Heavy on hackberry and other trees with heavy damage in central areas. Control applications impossible in most cases. (Gordon). OKLAHOMA - Heavy on shade trees in Lincoln County and on elms in Payne County. Moderate to heavy on hackberry in Murray County and moderate on Siberian elms in Major County. (Okla. Coop. Sur., Apr. 30). This note replaces note in CEIR 21(19):325. (PPD). KANSAS - Survey in Topeka, Shawnee County, showed nearly complete defoliation of American and Chinese elms in many areas throughout city; several city blocks involved in each area. Defoliation 25+ percent in other areas. Defoliation 20-70 percent to hackberry and occasionally walnut and pin oaks. Most larvae pupating in Topeka and at Manhattan, Riley County. (Bell). WISCONSIN - Eggs hatched and larvae feeding on elms in western Dane County. (Wis. Ins. Sur.). ASH BORER (Podosesia syringae fraxini) - NORTH DAKOTA - Larvae in 50-75 percent of boulevard aSh trees at Minot Air Force Base in Ward County. Pupating May 5 in McLean County. (McKnight, Stein). NATIVE ELM BARK BEETLE (Hylurgopinus rufipes) - NORTH DAKOTA - Adults collected under bark of American elm in Burleigh and Emmons Counties for new county records. (Brandvik). : BIRCH LEAFMINER (Fenusa pusilla) - MICHIGAN - Adults laying eggs although recent cool weather will delay hatch. (Wallner). - 362 - MAN AND ANIMALS SCREWWORM (Cochliomyia hominivorax) - Total of 7 cases reported in U.S. May 9-15 as follows: TEXAS: Hidalgo, Pecos, Starr, Zapata, Cameron, Webb, and Wilson. Total of 46 laboratory-confirmed cases reported in portion of Barrier Zone in Republic of Mexico as follows: Sonora 17, Chihuahua 3, Nuevo Leon 14, Tamaulipas 12. Total of 11 cases reported in Mexico south of Barrier Zone. Barrier Zone is area where eradication operation underway to prevent establishment of self- sustaining population in U.S. Sterile screwworm flies released: Texas 44,878,000; Arizona 3,310,000; Mexico 111,688,000. (Anim. Health Div.). COMMON CATTLE GRUB (Hypoderma lineatum) -— OKLAHOMA - Adults in Payne County. (Okla. Coop. Sur.). FACE FLY (Musca autumnalis) - MARYLAND - Moderate to heavy on unsprayed horses, beef, and dairy cattle. Counts in Garrett, Allegany, Washington, and Montgomery Counties ranged as high as 20-40. (U. Md., Ent. Dept.). INDIANA - Adults averaged less than 1 per animal in 7 central district counties. (Sanders). NEBRASKA - None found in 2 herds examined in Cherry and Lincoln Counties. (Campbell, May 11). HOUSE FLY (Musca domestica) - OKLAHOMA - Averaged 1 or 2 per Scudder grid in untreated barns in Payne County. Probably due to cool, rainy weather first part of week. (Okla. Coop. Sur.). HORN FLY (Haematobia irritans) - INDIANA - Adults averaged fewer than 10 per animal in 7 central district counties. (Sanders). NEBRASKA - Some light activity noted in Cherry and Lincoln Counties; ranged 0-10 per animal in 2 herds checked. (Campbell, May 11). OKLAHOMA - Averaged 500 per head on cattle in Major County, ranged up to 2,000 per head in Garfield County. Heavy in Noble County, moderate in Craig and Cleveland Counties. (Okla. Coop. Sur.). UTAH - Adults light on cattle in warmer areas of Juan County. (Jones). STABLE FLY (Stomoxys calcitrans) - OKLAHOMA - Averaged 3 per head on dairy cattle in Payne County. (OKla. Coop. Sur.). SHEEP KED (Melophagus ovinus) - UTAH - Moderate to heavy on range sheep during shearing time in San Juan County. (Jones). MOSQ* [TOES - CALIFORNIA - Aedes nigromaculis and Culex tarsalis may be very ser us problem in some areas This summer dae to resistance to pesticides. (Cal. Coop. Rpt.). UTAH - Mosquitoes above normal due to spring rains. Annoyance severe in parts of Millard County, moderate in San Juan County. (Knowlton, Jones). INDIANA - Third-stage Aedes vexans larvae averaged less than 1 per dip in ditch in Delaware County. Fourth-stage Culiseta inornata still present in Vigo County. Determined by D. Sanders. (Meyer). BLACK FLIES -— MARYLAND - Mostly Simulium venustum annoying in many mountain areas of Frederick, Montgomery, Washington, Allegany, and Garrett Counties. Ranged 5-20 per person in many areas. (U. Md., Ent. Dept.). A BITING MIDGE (Leptoconops kerteszi) - NEVADA - Adult emergence heavy week of May 7. Adults currently very heavy and causing extreme annoyance to humans in Black Rock, Granite Creek, and Smoke Creek Deserts of Humboldt, Pershing, and Washoe Counties. (Lukens). AMERICAN DOG TICK (Dermacentor variabilis) - KENTUCKY - Heavy in central suburban areas. Three nymphs per hundred sweeps in vasture fields in Morgan County. (Barnett). TENNESSEE - Heavy in east and central areas. In Williamson County, ticks reported very heavy in pasture on farm and populations heavy oncugh to cause damage to cattle. Controls planned. (Bruer, Quillin). OKLAHOMA ommon on dogs in Payne and Noble Counties. (Okla. Coop. Sur.). - 363 - ROCKY MOUNTAIN WOOD TICK (Dermacentor andersoni) - WYOMING - Adults heavy on range- land near Shoshoni, Fremont County. (Lavigne). IDAHO - Heavy at Twinn Falls, Twin Falls County, April 25. Male and female taken from man west of St. Anthony, Fremont County, May 5. (Peebles, Sutherland). HARD BACKED TICKS - OKLAHOMA - Amblyomma americanum (lone star tick) heavy on man and livestock in Mayes County. (Okla. Coop. Sur.). IDAHO - Dermacentor albipictus (winter tick) caused near-death of mule at Squirrel, Fremont County. Determined by J. Keirens. (Peebles, Sutherland, Apr. 23). STORED PRODUCTS INDIAN MEAL MOTH (Plodia interpunctella) - PENNSYLVANIA - Moderate in stored cocoa beans in Centre County. ese ° BENEFICIAL INSECTS ICHEUMONID WASPS (Bathyplectes spp.) - INDIANA - Single B. curculionis taken from 22 Hypera postica (alfalfa weevil) larvae collected in southeast district; 251 H. postica Larvae collected in 4 south-central counties yielded 28 B. curculionis (11.2 percent parasitism); 404 H. postica larvae from 6 southwest counties yielded 167 B. curculionis (41.3 percent parasitism). Percent parasitism ranged 3.8-34.2 in south-central districts, 0-100 in southwest districts. Of 5 Parasites emerging from 88 H. postica larvae collected in Crawford County field, 3 determined B. anura; 59 H. postica larvae collected in Lawrence County field yielded 4 parasites including I B. anura. These are new county records for B. anura. (Meyer). ILLINOIS - B. curculionis parasitized 9.14 percent of H. postica Tarvae collected April 26-30 in southwest district, 12.86 percent in southeast district. (Ill. Ins. Sur.). A PTEROMALID WASP (Pteromalus venustus) - SOUTH DAKOTA - Specimen taken from nest of Megachile rotundata (alfalfa leafcutter bee) at Brookings, Brookings County, by R.J. Walstrom on March 29, 1971. Determined by B.D. Burks. This is a new State record. Recorded from Idaho, Utah, and Ontario. Old World species identified from North America since 1968. (Jones, Walstrom). CONVERGENT LADY BEETLE (Hippodamia convergens) - KANSAS - Adult populations generally heavy in alfalfa surveyed. Counts per 10 sweeps ranged as follows by county (3 fields per county unless otherwise indicated): Lyon 25-51; Marshall 10-30; Nemaha 18-20 (2 fields); Brown 10-20; Doniphan 20-30 (2 fields); Atchison 20-30 (2 fields); Jefferson 10-40; and Leavenworth 30 (1 field). (Bell). FEDERAL AND STATE PLANT PROTECTION PROGRAMS CEREAL LEAF BEETLE (Oulema melanopus) - ILLINOIS - Adult collected on wheat in Putnam County by R.L. Lovejoy on May 4, 1971. KENTUCKY - Adult collected on oats in Bell County by J.H. Milner on May 5, 1971. Determinations by R.E. White. These are new county records. (PPD). OHIO - Adults mating and laying eggs in Tuscarawas County. Up to 4 adults (average 1) per sweep in wheat. Few eggs on oats although oviposition starting. No larvae observed. (Treece). NEW YORK - First adults of season found May 7 in Cattaraugus County on native grasses and weeds growing in stubble of 1970 wheatfield. (N.Y. Wkly. Rpt.). CITRUS BLACKFLY (Aleurocanthus woglumi) - TEXAS - Extension of infested area found about 0.5 mile outside city Limits of Brownsville, Cameron County. Control operations continue. Second control application made to some areas. (PPD). EUROPr i) CHAFER (Amphimallon majalis) - NEW YORK - Third instars 1+ per square foot at Accord, UIster County; also in alfalfa fields 2 miles from apparent center at Whitfield Cemetery and in play yard at Accord Village school on May 4. Other species dug at Accord Village include Popillia japonica (Japanese beetle) third and second instars and Macrodactylus subspinosus (rose chafer) third instars; no injury at remote sites. Surveys negative for A. majalis 2+ miles from Whitfield Cemetery. (N.Y. Wkly. Rpt., May 10). omy - 364 - FORMOSAN SUBTERRANEAN TERMITE (Coptotermes formosanus) - LOUISIANA - Trapped 4 specimens in blacklight traps at Algiers Naval Base, Orleans Parish, during April. First flight of season noted. (PPD South. Reg.). A GRASS BUG (Labops hesperius) - OREGON - Nymphal populations heavy in improved pastures of intermediate and crested wheatgrasses in Baker area, Baker County; 800-900 acres reported infested. Surveys in late April indicated populations of 20-40 nymphs per square foot in more favorable habitats. (Kamm). UTAH - This species and Petrobia latens (brown wheat mite) continue to damage range planted grasses in Dixie” area of Washington County. (Huber, Knowlton). GRASSHOPPERS - NORTH DAKOTA —- Hatch light in Burleigh County; up to 4 Melanoplus sanguinipes first instars per square yard in road ditches. M. bivittatus eggs in eye-spot and segmented stages, M. differentialis eggs coagulated in Morton, Emmons, and Burleigh Counties. (Brandvik). GYPSY MOTH (Porthetria dispar) - FLORIDA - Larvae found in Pensacola, Escambia County, mobile home park May 5. Infestation originated from infested mobile home moved into State late in 1970. Trailer had been under surveillance since it was known to be infested with egg clusters at origin and destination. Larvae, about fourth or fifth instar, detected in larval traps on several live oak trees. About 150 acres treated because of threat of spread by larvae. Eradication of this regulatory interception being attempted. Plans formulated for intensive sex attractant trapping throughout area. (PPD). NEW JERSEY - Extremely heavy infesta- tions in some Monmouth County areas present serious threat to blueberry fields surrounded by deciduous trees. Oak trees adjacent to one field contained hundreds of egg masses, each containing 300-800 eggs. These eggs started to hatch May 10; by May 12 windblown tiny larvae were distributed throughout field. Packing shed about 40 yards from woods had 50+ larvae per square foot crawling on it on May 12. (Ins.-Dis. Newsltr.). NEW YORK - One egg mass found newly hatched May 3 at Sprout Lake Campgrounds, Peekskill, Rockland County. (N.Y. Wkly. Rpt.). PENNSYLVANIA - First egg hatch in Northampton County May 4. Eggs about 50 percent hatched at lower elevations in Berks and Schuylkill Counties May 7. (Jeffery). RHODE ISLAND - First egg hatch in Kent and Washington Counties, May 5. (LaFrance, Relli). NEW HAMPSHIRE - First observed egg hatch May 12 at Eaton, Carroll County; this on lower portions of trees (1-2 feet above ground). Egg masses higher up not hatching. (Mason). Egg-hatch survey conducted at several locations in Carroll, Grafton, Belknap, Merrimack, and Strafford Counties indicates winter survival of 15.5 percent. (Blickle). IMPORTED FIRE ANT (Solenopsis saevissima richteri) - ALABAMA - Destroyed about 5 percent of young corn plants in 5-acre field at Mineola, Monroe County. (Lemons). JAPANESE BEETLE (Popillia japonica) - VIRGINIA - Larval damage severe to 50 percent of 75 acres of orchard grass and clover pasture in Franklin County. (Allen, Apr. 28). RHODE ISLAND - Larvae within 1-2 inches of surface feeding on grass roots. (Stelle, May 5). MEXICAN FRUIT FLY (Anastrepha ludens) - TEXAS - Adult collected in grapefruit tree at Eagle Pass, Maverick County, by N.M. Moritz, April 23, 1971. Determined by G. Steyskal. This is a new county record. Several larvae collected in mango fruit in grocery store at Brenham, Washington County, by B.B. Smith May 3. (PPD). MORMON CRICKET (Anabrus simplex) - UTAH - Surveys negative in previously infested area in Tooele County. (Thornley). ORIENTAL WOOD BORER (Heterobostrychus aequalis) - FLORIDA - Adults heavy in small wooden horse in home at Coral Gables, Dade County. (Humphries, McHenry, May 7). PINK BOLLWORM (Pectinophora gossypiella) - FLORIDA - Collected 9 larvae and l pupal skin on wild cotton in woods near Tavernier, Monroe County, April 22. Determined by V.H. Owens. (Creamer). CALIFORNIA - Sterile moth releases in Kern Gan totaled 3,455,500 for period May 7-13. To date 6,454,500 moths released. - 365 - WHITEFRINGED BEETLES (Graphognathus spp.) - ALABAMA - Larvae killed about 3 percent of corn plants in 20-acre field at Mineola, Monroe County. Additional damage caused by Euetheola rugiceps (Sugarcane beetle). (Lemons). GEORGIA - Moderate larval infestation on corn in Worth County. (Williams, French, May 8). FLORIDA - Larvae medium to heavy on corn at Caryville, Holmes County, May 3. (Tipton). HAWAII INSECT REPORT General Vegetables - LEEK MOTH (Acrolepia assectella) larvae and/or pupae averaged 3 per plant in backyard planting of green onions at Ewa, Oahu. (Au). CARMINE SPIDER MITE (Tetranychus cinnabarinus) generally trace in 0.1 acre of Pisum sativum (Chinese peas) and 0.25 acre of eggplant at Kahaluu, Oahu. Moderate on 10 percent of pea leaves; averaged 25 per square inch. Light in 0.1 acre of eggplant at Kahului, Maui; averaged 5 per square inch. (Miyahira, Kawamura). Late instar nymphs of SOUTHERN GREEN STINK BUG (Nezara viridula) trace in one acre of soy- beans at Waimanalo, Oahu. Adults light in backyard planting of yardlongbeans at Ewa, Oahu; a TACHINA FLY (Trichopoda pennipes) light. (Au, Kawamura). Fruits and Nuts - COCONUT LEAFROLLER (Hedylepta blackburni) larvae trace on 50+ coconut trees at Hawaii Kai, Oahu; moderate on 50+ coconut seedlings at Waimanalo Beach Park, about 90 percent of plants heavily damaged. Generally light on same host in leeward areas of Oahu; heavy on 5 trees at Makaha, pinnae almost completely skeletonized. Examined 4 coconut trees each for larval and parasite incidence at Kapaa, Lydgate Park, and Wailua Golf Course on Kauai. Total of 339 H. blackburni larvae and pupae, 112 hymenopterous and 73 dipterous parasite cocoons noted at Wailua Golf Course. (Au, Mitchell, Kawamura). HAWAIIAN THRIPS (Taeniothrips hawaiiensis) moderate to heavy on "macadamia flowers at Pahala, Hawaii. Ranged 150-420 (averaged 301) per raceme on total of 70 racemes sampled. (Mitchell). COCONUT SCALE (Aspidiotus destructor) light to moderate on 50+ coconut trees at Hawaii Kai, Oahu; Telsimia nitida and Lindorus lophanthae (lady beetles) light amid scale colonies. Light in mockorange (Murraya peniculata) hedge at Aliamanu, Oahu; about 5 percent of leaves affected. This is a new host record. (Kashiwai) . Man and Animals - TROPICAL FOWL MITE (Ornithonyssus bursa) infestation in apart- ment at Honolulu, Oahu, apparently originated from mynahs nesting in attic. Resident required medical treatment for dermatitis. (Radovsky). Trapped 1,517 VEXANS MOSQUITO (Aedes vexans pestarnus) and 1,836 SOUTHERN HOUSE MOSQUITO (Culex pipiens quinquefasciatus) in 55 light traps on Oahu during April. Aedes up to 1,106 per trap at Kahaluu. Culex up to 332 per trap at Kawailoa. (Mosq. Cont. Br., Dept. of Health). DETECTION New State Record -— A PTEROMALID WASP (Pteromalus venustus) SOUTH DAKOTA - Brookings County. (p. 363). New County Records - ALFALFA WEEVIL (Hypera postica) OKLAHOMA - Alfalfa. TEXAS - Bell. KANSAS - Lyon, Marshall, Brown, Doniphan, Atchison, Jefferson, and Leaven- worth (p. 357). CEREAL LEAF BEETLE (Oulema melanopus) ILLINOIS - Putnam. KENTUCKY - Bell (p. 363). AN ICHNEUMON WASP (Bathyplectes anura) INDIANA - Crawford, Lawrence (p. 363). MEXICAN FRUIT FLY (Anastrepha ludens) TEXAS - Maverick (p. 364). NATIVE ELM BARK BEETLE (Hylurgopinus ‘gopinus rufipes) NORTH DAKOTA — Burleigh and Emmons (p. 361). 366 - (‘VSSH ‘e0TATOg e4eq [Te}UeWUOITAUG Aq pattTddns Axrewuwng) *ues00 OTZURTIY 944 0F SUTeZUNO_ AHOOY UseyyNOS pue [¥1}ZUe0 94} WOTZ [TeuUIOU MOTEq pue ‘uUeSTYOTWH Toddp pue ez,oSouUTW 0F YTULOFT TVD UTeyyZNOS WOT, [TeuUtOU sAOge pesereae seinzeroduey, * TIT peyover Arnorew oy} eTeym ‘sexo, ‘YUTM pue ‘eturoZTTeD ‘ay,ATa etem Sqods ysouzeM , * ,0OT ©} powlaem 4SeMyyNOG oy} pue Sexe] uT sjzods Mey WY “UOOUTeyZe ABpUNsS 98 peteysTSex ‘ve yoHNLG 4I0N SYIOJ puerH *pusayeeM 94} TAeAO UOTZEN 94} FO YSOW TSAO paTtTeAeid sainjeredwsa, yueseetTq *Suturow AepsanyL .o¢ pepzroded ‘StouT{T{TI ‘etroaq pue Butuszow Aepsaupey gE peteystser1 ‘sesuey ‘4419 e3pog *Aepsanyy, pue Aepsoupon Aq eoTiowy-ptw 09 I9qY}eAaM TaTOoOS 4yYysnorq saezea1q Rp r0y3.20N *sutuzou AepuoWm gg paepazooer ‘ootxey MeN ‘Squery *sSuturow [Te1laAas uo BuTzZaar1z 07 peddoxrp suteyunow AYooY oy} ut szodg *uoourez ze Aepsany, uo 06 peteystsor vuejuoW UT A4TD SOTTMH pue MOSseTH *HyooMptu Aq s,0g a4} pue S,OZ 94} 07 powsreM suTeTd 4eea5 uxreyy1ou aug *,S6 peyovor ‘epts1oTq ‘opueT4zo 32% Aanozow oy} useyM ‘ucouTEzyZe AEpseupaM 966 Pete4ystser ‘epusoxt Teg ‘Teureys *S,06 94} OF powlteM epTIOT A UT pue SytoSep ure}SEeMYyZNOS oy} UT SJOdg *epTAIOTA 0} BTuTOFT TVD Woas S,Og euy ut A{T}SoOW Satnzetaduiez, uocoutez ze YIM ‘YooM OY} UT ATAVA YINOG 9Y} AAO peTteAedd 19yeOM PTIN ?TUNLVUTaWAL °9484S9 FO TaputTeular oy} TOAO SanutTyUOD 4yYysnoIqg *spueTYyoveq ay} pue sexoy 3Se¥o UT oJeNbape MOU ST 9AN}JSTOW [TOS *ya9eM 9A ButaAnp StaemoyS peAtsdoeI sexey, FO syaeq *syyUOW [TetaaAas IOJ BprlszoTq UoyYNOS ut paystssod sey YOTYM YZYSNoOIp assuaqyuT oY PoOADSTTIAI SUTeI SNOTauaey *SayouT F-E PpeaAtaoer1 svare Auew puke SayouT g J9AO paseqroAe [TeVFUTeI epTtAOTA *e[Nsutueg eptzoTq ay} 1aAo pue 4S¥0o OT URTIY ulay}NOS pue aTpptu oy} Suole [Lex Ssatamoys Aavsy ynq ‘4Seoy,TON 9YR UT FFO Butsade, oem Suter ‘puayoom uy 4g “PoE es3ed worz ponutyuod YooM oy} FO TaYy,eeM T Td €T CG 6 €1 GL €S 1d € T G Td S T Ot Td i € v 8 T Td LT LT L 9 Td 4 € 4 Td S9 € OV L S Ta € € G 6 S T It Ta 10° 2 |€8-8P 89 Ta 6 4 G G Td T 8 G G Td T id T T i 9 Td SNOIL931105 dval ZI-L/G 1a}sevoueT NISNOOSIM €1-L/S OO8M SVXaL VI-OL/S uoSsTpeN PI-OT/S poomseH PI-OT/S uewopzeH PI-OL/S UT TAUB (4yun09) AISSANNAL PI-L/G JrOFNesg VNITOUVO HLYON Z1-9/S eusetH (Azuno9) LTYNOSSIW EIT-L/S eTTFAeU04yS IddISSISSIN @I-S/G UWOsUTXET AMONLNGW ZI-9/G uozreE (44un09) SVSNVX PI-8/G 1eTdeN VMOI €L-L/G PTT FASeuTe) valuota 1HON1 IMPROVED TRAPS FOR CAPTURING BOLL WEEVILS W.H. Cross, J.E. Leggett, and D.D. Hardee 1/ 2/ Large numbers of male or pheromone-baited traps for capturing of boll weevils (Anthonomus grandis Boheman) have been employed for the past several years in survey and control programs of the Entomology Research and Plant Protection Divisions, ARS, USDA, and other agencies. Results of a series of tests conducted at the Boll Weevil Research Laboratory determined colors most attractive to the boll weevil, as well as more efficient and economical trap designs. From 1966 through 1968, a StikemY (Michel and Pelton Co.)2 coated plywood wing trap painted John Deere Green (Mobile Paints B.L.P. Rus-Kil), and an oblique funnel live trap were used in a variety of circumstances and determined to be the best designs for capturing boll weevils (USDA Coop. Econ. Ins. Rpt. 18(20):430, 1968; J. Econ. Ent. 62(1):154-61, 1969, J. Econ. Ent. 63(4):1041-48, 1970). Results of tests in 1968 indicated that white or bright yellow traps were more attractive to boll weevils than the darker green traps. In 1969, the 2 Divisions jointly contracted for construction of 40,000 metal wing traps, 30 cm wide x 25.4 cm high, painted Canary Yellow (Sherwin-Williams Co.), but otherwise changed little from the original trap (Fig. 1). The traps were used in 1969 and 1970 in survey and control programs and to further test design and color. An approximate 3-fold increase in response by boll weevils was obtained in 1970 when the metal wing trap was repainted with a flat white undercoat and then with daylight fluorescent Saturn Yellow (Day-Glo Color Corporation). Boll weevils as well as many other insects are greatly attracted by the intensively reflective daylight fluorescent pigments with peak emission in the 525 mp region of the spectrum. Tests conducted late in 1970 with traps of several shapes made from plastic- impregnated paper half-gallon cartons resulted in the development of a disposable and more economical trap. A trap of a foldout design (Figs. 2 and 3), 19 cm wide x 25.5 cm high, was constructed by trimming unformed cartons and stapling 2 inSide out and back to back to form 4 wings. Saturn Yellow paint mixed 3:1 with turpentine was rolled on the inner white surface of the cartons before stapling. Stikem® or Tack-Trap® (Animal Repellents, Ine.) under pressure was applied to the wings with a flange nozzle tip 8 cm wide. Results of preliminary tests indicated that the daylight fluorescent pigment may be blended (1:20) in the adhesive and applied to unpainted traps. Traps pretreated with adhesive may be folded, clipped together, and packed in boxes for later field use. For use, traps may be attached to stakes over wire loops (Fig. 3) or slipped over a cross-cut stake by notching the inside bottom corners of the trap. The wire clip lure holder is designed to clamp the wings together at the top. A live trap, several times more efficient than the oblique funnel trap used previously, was constructed from a cylindrical 1 gallon carton (Fig. 4). The bottom of the carton is pushed out and a screen funnel with a 0.5 cm aperture and attached plastic-impregnated paper wings is stapled in. The top is cut out of the lid and is replaced with a clear plastic disc sealed to the lid with a tub and tile caulking compound. Sheet metal brackets are attached to the carton with heavy staples to fit a reinforcing rod or a Similar stake for supporting it. Saturn Yellow paint is rolled on the wings before the trap components are assembled. The carton may be painted Saturn Yellow for a larger yellow silhouette or a red color to repel weevils from this part of the trap. l/ Entomology Research Division, Agr. Res. Serv., USDA, State College, Mississippi. 2/ Assistance of F.J. Benci in preparation of the figures is acknowledged. 3/ Trade names used in this article are solely for the purpose of providing spe- cific information. This does not constitute a guarantee or warranty of the pro- duct by the U.S. Department of Agriculture over other products not mentioned. = HO = = 363} = Fig. 1 Metal wing trap baited Fig. 2 Foldout paper wing trap baited with isolated male weevils. at top with grandlure, a synthetic pheromone, on a cigarette filter. Fig. 3 Foldout paper wing trap being Fig. 4 Background: Complete gallon car- placed over perpendicular wire ton live trap. Foreground: Screen loops for attachment to stake. funnel and paper wing unit Separated. U.S. Dept. Agr. Coop. Econ. Ins. Rpt. 21(21): 367-368, 1971 acy a ee? oh +8 48 _ wir 1 ' 7 Slat) We Pek UNITED STATES DEPARTMENT OF AGRICULTURE Hyattsville; Maryland 20782 OFFICIAL BUSINESS POSTAGE & FEES PAID United States Department of Agriculture 0004 USENLINATA122 03001 0001 US ENTOMOLOGY LIBRARY DEPT ENTOM NATIONAL MUSEUM WASHINGTON DC 20560 VOL. 21 No. 22 May 28, 1971 Cooperative ECONOMIC INSECT REPORT EXATHSONTE Issued by LIBRARIES PLANT PROTECTION DIVISION AGRICULTURAL RESEARCH SERVICE UNITED STATES DEPARTMENT OF AGRICULTURE AGRICULTURAL RESEARCH SERVICE PLANT PROTECTION DIVISION ECONOMIC INSECT SURVEY AND DETECTION The Cooperative Economic Insect Report is issued weekly as a service to American Agriculture. Its contents are compiled from information supplied by cooperating State, Federal, and industrial entomologists and other agricul- tural workers. In releasing this material the Division serves as a clearing house and does not assume responsi- bility for accuracy of the material. To facilitate mailroom handling, all reports, inquiries, and other matters pertaining to this release, including the mailing list, should be sent to: The Editors, CEIR Economie Insect Survey and Detection Plant Protection Division, ARS, USDA Federal Center Building Hyattsville, Maryland 20782 Volume 21 May 28, 1971 Number 22 COOPERATIVE ECONOMIC INSECT REPORT HIGHLIGHTS Current Conditions ARMY CUTWORM larvae damaged small grain in Montana and corn in one area of Colorado. (p. 371). GROUND BEETLES numerous in Ohio and damaging corn in Iowa. MAIZE BILLBUG damaged corn in North Carolina. (p. 372). : WESTERN FIELD WIREWORM damaged wheat in Montana. (p. 372). ALFALFA WEEVIL damage heavy on alfalfa and clover in Virginia, alfalfa in Kentucky and Utah. Damage moderate in Maryland, increase expected. (pp. 373-374). BARK BEETLES damaged pines in Tennessee and Colorado. FOREST TENT CATERPILLAR defoliation in 1971 expected to be heavy on aspen in Minnesota. (p. 379). HORN FLY heavy on cattle in Oklahoma and Mississippi. (p. 380). Detection A FULGORID PLANTHOPPER and a SWALLOWTAIL BUTTERFLY reported from Hawaii. These are new Western Hemisphere records. (p. 383). A SOFT SCALE reported for first time from Maryland. (p. 380). For new county and island records see page 385. Special Reports Distribution of Wheat Stem Sawfly. Map. (p. 386). Reports in this issue are for week ending May 21 unless otherwise indicated. — 369 — = 370 —- CONTENTS Special Insects of Regional Significance. ...ccccccccecceccercsrveccvcccccccvecdt lh Insects Affecting Corn, Sorghum, Sugarcane.....ccecceeedt2 ComlleNCropsieie ci sielelelelelelelelclolelelololsler< oithO Small Grains iejeresietetete stelckelelsleienetale) elite Siti: CuCuaDaeS ates celeiclelelelalslicialcloielelelelera sO Turf, Pastures, Rangeland..,.....ece2.e3/3 General VegetableS...eccccccccedlO Forage L€ZUMES...-ccccvccccccceevvecdIa Deciduous Fruits and Nuts......377 CONFFOMN 5 sono ob 0D DDO O DODO ODO DO ODOO OOD Om CAGLIIISlepetolelel sleleheloloisieleheioralciotelolekeneye so NOHACCOPspsielolelclelsionciaiololcholeleiaicleloielelclevatet SiO Smad EnuaitsS) so \eie)elelclslctelelelelclefolefele So Sugar Beets sicieheseielelelelslieiclotalctsisicialsionelchels(o110 OrnamentalS...cccocccrseseccesedIS Potatoes, Tomatoes, PepperS......--.3/6 Forest and Shade TreeS......2.2e319 Beans and PeaS..cccccsrccccevrcerccecedlO Man and AnimalS..coxrccceccvseeed00 Bene tilcialieinSectsiaciieleteleicioreielclotsisieicicielsicle oickelcleloleielelolelorcierensioicreielelisicieieielelelslelolclotelelenenrorore Federal and State Plant Protection PrograMmS..cccccvccccsccvccccscscccrvvecccecscee Ol Hawaii sinseciti REDO AAs, c:cietetevs clave ctalelote: clelovcionslctale ele lole eiclelale eheislclcloichelolelelelcicketoloboletorehet cs iaichte rap ColmMectH ons ejereicrsieleielelelolelclerclelelsicieheiclclsleisvoheleveverelcieietolalctehoiclelatenstalokel chs tetelsiatsi ot DYEING OG 0dD00 CO DODD ODD DO0DO DOOD DU OD ODDO ODO ODDO DOD ODDO DDD DODD DDD ODD 0 OOO DDS COTE CEUONS eioicieleloiotelsiclelcheleiclelcicicisiolcrereielcieleleietonelskeleievoieisicisiataielelslshalotehateleteialelals\ehelelotsiots tenet Distribution of Wheat Stem Sawfly. MaP.cccccccccccccoccecvevcscescsvcvcerecseese300 WEATHER OF THE WEEK ENDING MAY 24 Reprinted from Weekly Weather and Crop Bulletin supplied by Environmental Data Service, NOAA, WEATHER OF THE WEEK ENDING MAY 24 HIGHLIGHTS: Cool weather predominated over most of the West. Severe thunderstorms occurred from the upper Mississippi River Valley to eastern Texas. Some localities in the storm area were pelted by large hail or struck by tornadoes. PRECIPITATION: Early in the week moist tropical air pushed northward east of a front that stretched from the Great Lakes to the Texas Panhandle. Cool air pushed southward west of the front. Thunderstorms and tornadoes occurred along the boundary of the air masses. Tornadoes touched down in Kansas, Iowa, and Michigan, Large hail, some stones as large as tennis balls, fell in Iowa and Kansas. Heavy rains swelled the streams in Nebraska and Kansas, and strong winds whipped the St. Joseph, Missouri, area. The storminess decreased as the system moved eastward. By Thursday, the front lay along the Atlantic States from New England to the Florida Panhandle. Thence westward to southern Texas. Generous showers fell along the front. As the weekend approached another storm was getting organized in the Far West. Centered over Nevada it spread several inches of snow at spots in the northern and central Rocky Mountains and the northern Great Plains. Alamosa, Colorado, received 5 inches of snow Tuesday forenoon and 6 inches of snow fell at Hill City, Minnesota, Wednesday. Five inches of snow whitened the eastern slope of the Sierra Nevadas, Thursday. Seven inches of snow fell at Reno, Nevada, Friday. This is the greatest snowfall of record for so late in the season at Reno. High winds in the West drifted the snow badly. Where there was no snow the winds whipped up dust or sand. As the storm crossed the Rocky Mountains and moved to the western edge of the Great Plains, it produced thunderstorms, some with large hail, heavy rain, strong winds, and a few tornadoes. The most Severe weather covered an area extending from the upper MissisSippi River Valley to central Texas. Little or no rain fell from California to extreme western Texas. Only widely scattered light sprinkles fell from the Ohio River to the Appalachians, over the Piedmont in the Carolinas, and central Florida. The snow that fell in the Cascades last week brought the seasonal total at Paradise Ranger Station at 5,000 feet elevation, on the south side of Mt. Ranier, Washington, to 1,017 inches (almost 85 feet). This is the most snow that has fallen at any station in the United States in one season. Weather of the week continued on page 385. = S77 = SPECIAL INSECTS OF REGIONAL SIGNIFICANCE ARMYWORM (Pseudaletia unipuncta) - ARKANSAS - Few fields of small grain treated period ending May 14 in Southeast area. (Wall). Current surveys show none in small grain in Lafayette County. (Sterling). Counts of 10+ larvae per square foot in oatfield in Lee County. Infested ryefields in St. Francis County. (Kimbrough). TENNESSEE - Reported on small grain in Hardin and Lauderdale Counties. No report of damage. (Johnson). KENTUCKY - First larvae on wheat in Warren County. (Barnett). NORTH CAROLINA - Controls underway in many small grain fields in Hyde County. (Falter). MARYLAND - First larvae of season in lodged barley near Vienna, Dorchester County. Numbers light. (U. Md., Ent. Dept.). OHIO - Moth flights still heavy. Recovered 3 times as many moths in blacklight traps as in similar period in 1970, and nearly 5 times as many as in 1969. Earliest eggs hatched May 19. (Rings). MICHIGAN - Collected 19 moths at Lenawee County black- light station and 21 at Livingston County station week ending May 17. Collected 97 moths in 3 nights at Fennville, Allegan County, station, 57 of these on May 16. (Newman). MISSOURI - Larvae ranged 3-14 per square foot in 2 fields of barley in southwest area. Heaviest counts in spots where plants down. (Hanning). ARMY CUTWORM (Euxoa auxiliaris) - MONTANA - Acreage of small grain treated by county: Choteau 20,000, Cascade 20,000, Carbon 3,000, Pondera 2,000, Hill 3,000, and Liberty 3,000. Expect more acreages to be treated. (Pratt, May 14). WYOMING - Moths appeared in Torrington, Goshen County, May 15. Few larvae in Goshen, Platte, and Laramie Counties. (Parshall). COLORADO - Larvae damaged corn in Yuma County. Controls applied. (Pilcher). OKLAHOMA - Adults in Lawton area, Comanche County. (Okla. Coop. Sur.). ASTER LEAFHOPPER (Macrosteles fascifrons) - MINNESOTA - Ranged 0-20 per 100 sweeps in southeast district. Found on wheat, oats, rye, and bluegrass week ending May 14. Current populations increased despite rain and snow. Ranged 80-120 per 100 sweeps of rye, bluegrass, and alfalfa in Sherburne County. (Minn. Pest Rpt.). WISCONSIN - Heavy in alfalfa and grain May 19 in southwest areas, although common on May 17 in Dane County. Averaged 3 per 10 sweeps in most alfalfa and 1-2 per sweep of oats on May 20. (Wis. Ins. Sur.). MICHIGAN - Averaged 1 per plant in some lettuce fields in Stockbridge area of Ingham County. (Cress, Bath). BEET LEAFHOPPER (Circulifer tenellus) - CALIFORNIA - Ranged 0.8-1.2 per 10 sweeps of roadside mustard and filaree in Los Banos and Dos Palos areas of Merced County. Surveys negative on young sugar beets. Ranged 0.6-4.2 per 10 sweeps near Shandon, San Luis Obispo County. Infectivity with curly top disease less than 1 percent on young sugar beets. Leafhoppers 2 per 10 sweeps of roadside hosts in Elkhorn Valley, Kern County; infectivity 1 percent. In northern area of county ranged 0.4-1.6 percent infected; one field showed 2 percent. (Cal. Coop. Rpt.). WYOMING - Total of 6,912 acres of wasteland in Washakie and southern Big Horn Counties treated. One leafhopper found during spot checks after spraying. Counts before spraying averaged 0.13 leafhoppers per square foot of weed hosts. (Lowry et al.). CORN LEAF APHID (Rhopalosiphum maidis) - TEXAS - Infestations in Bee, Victoria, De Witt, and Lee Counties. Lady beetles increasing rapidly and controlling aphids in sorghum in these counties. R. maidis reported infesting 50+ percent of plants in some grain sorghum in Wichita County. Control not recommended. (Cole, Boring). OKLAHOMA - Ranged 0-30 per terminal on young sorghum in Payne County. Few aphids on most plants. (Okla. Coop. Sur.). KANSAS - Averaged per sorghum plant as follows by county: Wilson 0-2 (2 fields); Crawford 5 (1 field); Montgomery 5-15 (4 fields). (Bell). GREENBUG (Schizaphis graminum) - TEXAS - Generally light on grain sorghum in Wharton, Maverick, and Wichita Counties. (Cole et al.). OKLAHOMA - Ranged 1-12 per sorghum plant on scattered plants in Payne County. (Okla. Coop. Sur.) . KANSAS - Counts per sorghum plant by county: Wilson 2-8 (2 fields); Crawford 2 (1 field); Montgomery 1-5 (4 fields). Most reproducing females winged. (Bell). NEBRASKA - Ranged 0-6 per 20 sweeps in 3 wheatfields in Pawnee, Johnson, and Otoe Counties. (Keith, Berogan). NORTH CAROLINA - All stages light on orchard grass in Pittsboro, Chatham County. Yellowing noted. (Lucas). Co (7 POTATO LEAFHOPPER (Empoasca fabae) - OHIO - Adults observed May 20 in Warren County. (Flessel). SPOTTED ALFALFA APHID (Therioaphis maculata) - ARIZONA - Averaged 20 per 100 sweeps of alfalfa in Yuma Valley, Yuma County. (Ariz. Coop. Sur.). OKLAHOMA - Light to moderate on alfalfa in Cleveland and Johnston Counties. Ranged 0-10 per 10 sweeps of alfalfa in Woods, Ellis, Woodward, Beaver, Roger Millis, Custer, and Dewey Counties. (Okla. Coop. Sur.). TOBACCO BUDWORM (Heliothis virescens) - FLORIDA - Infested flue-cured tobacco in unsprayed check plots at Live Oak, Suwannee County. (Tappan). Second and third instars on 5 acres of flue-cured tobacco at Jasper, Hamilton County. (Strayer). TOBACCO HORNWORM (Manduca sexta) - FLORIDA - First instars light on flue-cured tobacco in unsprayed check plots at Live Oak, Suwannee County. (Tappan). CORN, SORGHUM, SUGARCANE EUROPEAN CORN BORER (Ostrinia nubilalis) - DELAWARE - Pupation averaged 59 per- cent, adult emergence 13 percent. Adults averaged 5 per night in blacklight traps in Sussex County. (Burbutis, Lesiewicz). WISCONSIN - Pupating May 17 in Dane County. Pupation about 15 percent. (Wis. Ins. Sur.). NEBRASKA - Pupation averaged 51.5 percent in Gage, Pawnee, and Johnson Counties. (Keith, Berogan). BLACK CUTWORM (Agrotis ipsilon) - IOWA - Larvae averaged 10 per square foot in 35 acres of corn following Soybeans in Polk County. Some corn replanted in Fremont County. (Iowa Ins. Sur.). TENNESSEE - Some scattered damage to milo in Hardin County. (Locke). CHINCH BUG (Blissus leucopterus leucopterus) - OKLAHOMA - Heavy in young corn and grain sorghum in Mayes County. (Okla. Coop. Sur.). GROUND BEETLES - OHIO - Agonoderus lecontei (Sseedcorn beetle) adult flights heavy. Too numerous to count in light trap May 14-20. (Rings). IOWA - Clivina impressi- frons (slender seedcorn beetle) reduced stand of corn 25 percent on 600 acres in Boone County. Similar damage reported from PowesShiek County. (Iowa Ins. Sur.). CORN FLEA BEETLE (Chaetocnema pulicaria) - KENTUCKY - Adult averages per corn plant by county; Jefferson 0.3, Franklin 0.8, Woodford 0.1, and Warren 0.6. (Barnett). MAIZE BILLBUG (Sphenophorus maidis) - NORTH CAROLINA - About 45 percent of corn seedlings damaged in Southern Wake County field. No damage in 20 surrounding fields. Damaged field has long corn history. Billbug damage also reported from Camden and Tyrrell Counties, extent of damage not determined. (Hunt). SMALL GRAINS PALE WESTERN CUTWORM (Agrotis orthogonia) - WYOMING - Ranged 0-4 (averaged less than 1) per linear foot of wheat in Goshen, Platte, and Laramie Counties. No damage noted or fields treated. (Parshall). NEBRASKA - Light and scattered damage to small grains in Kimball, Banner, and Cheyenne Counties; 22 fields checked. Averaged less than 1 per linear foot. (Campbell). WESTERN FIELD WIREWORM (Limonius infuscatus) - MONTANA - Damaged 5,000 acres of fall wheat in Choteau County; acreage plowed and reseeded. (Pratt, May 14). BROWN WHEAT MITE (Petrobia latens) - UTAH - Continued to damage some small grains and planted grasses in Washington County. (Huber). ENGLISH GRAIN APHID (Macrosiphum avenae) -— MARYLAND -— Ranged 5-10 per 10 sweeps of barley in Frederick, Washington, and Montgomery Counties. (U. Md., Ent. Dept.). = 878 = TURF, PASTURES, RANGELAND A BILLBUG (Sphenophorus phoeniciensis) - CALIFORNIA - Adults appearing in lawns at San Diego, San Diego County. (Cal. Coop. Rpt.). SWEETPOTATO FLEA BEETLE (Chaetocnema confinis) - ARIZONA - Heavy on dichondra lawns in several areas of Phoenix, Maricopa County. (Ariz. Coop. Sur.). A WHITE GRUB (Phyllophaga anxia) - NEBRASKA - Averaged 36.6 larvae and 13.3 adults per Square yard at several locations in Cherry County. Counts lower than in 1970, (Berberet, May 15). WESTERN TENT CATERPILLAR (Malacosoma californicum fragile) - OREGON - First instars observed north of Chiloquin, Klamath County, on bitterbrush. (Westcott). FORAGE LEGUMES ALFALFA WEEVIL (Hypera postica) - IDAHO - About 60 percent of alfalfa hayfields treated or need treatment at Grandview and Bruneau, Owyhee County. (Homan, Bodily). NEVADA - Larvae ranged 15-40 per sweep of alfalfa in Fallon area, Churchill County; gravid females numerous. Some treating. (Arnett et al.). Larvae ranged 10-20 per sweep in Smith Valley, Lyon County; infestations spotted. (Adams). Larvae ranged 0-25 per sweep at Lovelock, Pershing County. (Adams, Stitt). Many alfalfa fields in these and other areas in northern counties heavily damaged by frost earlier. (Bechtel). UTAH - Serious on alfalfa throughout Washington County (Thornely) and in Moab area, Grand County, and Bluff area, San Juan County (Knowlton). WYOMING - Adults mating in alfalfa in Goshen, Platte, and Laramie Counties. Ranged 0-15 per 10 sweeps. Alfalfa 5-10 inches tall. (Parshall). COLORADO - Larvae 0-10 per 100 sweeps of alfalfa in Greeley and Gilcrest areas of Weld County. (Urano). OKLAHOMA - Counts per 100 sweeps of alfalfa by county: Woods, 2 adults and 4 larvae; Woodward, 8 larvae; Ellis, 8 larvae; Beaver, 28 larvae; Roger Mills, 4 larvae; Custer, 1 adult and 1 larva; and Dewey, 4 adults. Adults up to 5 per plant of alfalfa in Cherokee County. These are new county records. Heavy in Mayes County and in new growth after first cutting in Adair County. Adults heavy in Johnston County. Adults ranged 1-6 per 10 sweeps in alfalfa after first cutting in Garvin County. (Okla. Coop. Sur.). ARKANSAS - Larvae ranged 300-400 per 100 sweeps of alfalfa in Washington County. Second instars to adults found in field treated week of April 19. Larvae 200-300 per 100 sweeps in pure stand of vetch. (Boyer, May 14). Current counts indicate statewide decline. Larvae ranged 100-125 per 100 sweeps of alfalfa in Washington County. No adults. (Boyer). Adults ranged 10-15 per 100 sweeps in Lafayette County. (Sterling). MISSOURI - Larvae of H. postica per 10 sweeps of alfalfa ranged from 390 in Pike County to 1,300 in Ralls County. (Hanning). KANSAS - Adults on alfalfa in Montgomery and Elk Counties; pupae in Labette, Montgomery, Elk, and Riley Counties. Larval counts per 10 sweeps by county: Labette 60, Montgomery 5, Elk 40, Riley 15, Geary 12, Additional new county records include Nemaha, Geary, Lincoln, Norton, Clay, Osborne, Smith, Jewell, Mitchell, Ottawa, Cloud, Republic, and Washington. Distribution statewide except for Phillips County. (Bell). NEBRASKA - Larvae averaged 3.13 per 100 sweeps in 16 Dawson County alfalfa fields. Adults averaged 8.13 per 100 sweeps. Egg masses averaged 5 per 100 stems in 5 fields. (Manglitz, May 17). IOWA — Adult collected May 13, 1971, by K. Kruse in Hancock County for a new county record. Determined by R. Miller. (Iowa Ins. Sur.). MINNESOTA - Adults averaged 4 per 100 sweeps of alfalfa in Houston County. No larvae found. (Minn. Pest Rpt., May 14). WISCONSIN - Apparent buildup in southwest area, up to 35 percent of plants show feeding damage. Ranged first to fourth instar; adults active. Most of heavier feeding correlated with southern exposed fields and larger larvae. (Wis. Ins. Sur.). VERMONT -— Adults averaged less than 1 per 25 sweeps in most fields in Addison, Chittenden, and Grand Isle Counties. (Nielsen, May 18). NEW YORK - Egg laying underway in central areas May 13. Egg count per 30 samples by county: Cayuga 5.6, Tompkins 3.9. Surveys reveal about 10 times more activity in Hudson Valley as in central areas. (N.Y. Wkly. Rpt.). - 374 - MASSACHUSETTS - H. postica larvae 4 per 100 sweeps of alfalfa in Hampshire County. (Jensen). NEW JERSEY -— Light to moderate in Salem, Cumberland, Gloucester, and Burlington Counties May 17 and 18. Larvae 500 per 100 sweeps in one field near Pole Tavern. No Significant injury. (Ins.-Dis. Newsltr.). OHIO - Larvae damaging in Washington, Brown, and Pickaway Counties. Larvae in all untreated fields south of U.S. Interstate 70. Damage very spotty. Larvae scarce north of Highway 70. Eggs still light in Wayne and Erie Counties, with 75 and 50 eggs per square foot respectively. (Flessel). MARYLAND - Increased in Baltimore, Frederick, Montgomery, and Washington Counties. Larvae ranged 100-300 per 10 sweeps in many fields, Damaged tips ranged 15-30 percent in heaviest infested fields. Most in second and third instars, damage expected to increase next 14 days. First recoveries of Bathyplectes curculionis (a ichneumon) reared from H. postica adults collected in Montgomery, Frederick, Howard, Washington, and Prince Georges Counties. (U. Md., Ent. Dept.). VIRGINIA - Caused heavy damage to unsprayed alfalfa in Cumber- land County. (Allen). Severe on about 50 acres of ladino clover and Kentland red clover in Isle of Wight County on May 14. (Goerger). Tip damage ranged 60-100 percent in Orange, Culpepper, Fauquier, Frederick, and Page Counties on May 12. Larvae in these counties heavier than 1970. (Allen). KENTUCKY - Larvae averaged 2,000+ per 100 sweeps in untreated alfalfa in Jefferson County. Counts ranged 3,000-4,000 per 100 sweeps in Fayette, Scott, and Woodford Counties. Averages per 100 sweeps: Adults 230 and larvae 1,180 in Warren County. Damage to untreated fields 50 percent or more especially for northern counties. (Barnett). EGYPTIAN ALFALFA WEEVIL (Hypera brunneipennis) - ARIZONA - Adults per 100 sweeps of alfalfa in Yuma County averaged 5 in Dome Valley, 28 in Yuma Valley. (Ariz. Coop. Sur.). PEA APHID (Acyrthosiphon pisum) - NEVADA - Ranged 300-500 per sweep on alfalfa at 2 ranches in Smith Valley, Lyon County; treatment required. (Razwick). Ranged 0-10 per sweep in other fields in Lyon, Churchill, and Pershing Counties. (Adams et al.). WYOMING - Ranged 0-6 per 10 sweeps of alfalfa in Goshen, Platte, and Laramie Counties. (Parshall). OKLAHOMA - Moderate on alfalfa in Payne and Johnston Counties. Ranged 10-45 per 10 sweeps in Garvin County. Ranged 2-25 per 10 sweeps in northwest and west-central areas. (Okla. Coop. Sur.). ARKANSAS - Increased, ranged 200-250 per 100 sweeps in northwest area. (Boyer, May 14). Continues to increase currently. Range per 100 sweeps: 300-400 in northwest areas and 200-300 in southwest areas. (Boyer, Sterling). NEBRASKA - Ranged 45-350 per 20 sweeps in 4 alfalfa fields in Johnson and Pawnee Counties. (Keith, Berogan). MINNESOTA - Ranged 30-110 per 100 sweeps of alfalfa in southeast district. Anatis quindecimpunctata (a lady beetle) and damsel bugs common in all fields, ranged 20-80 per 100 Sweeps. (Minn. Pest Rpt., May 14). IOWA - Ranged 100- 150 per 10 sweeps in alfalfa and alfalfa-red clover mixtures from Decatur County to Hancock County, south to north across central areas. (Iowa Ins. Sur.). KENTUCKY - Averaged 420 per 100 sweeps in untreated alfalfa in Jefferson County. (Barnett). MASSACHUSETTS - Counts of 121 per 100 sweeps of alfalfa in Hampshire County. (Jensen). LEAFHOPPERS - KENTUCKY - Adult averages per 100 sweeps of clover: Agallia constricta 70 in Fayette County, Agalliopsis novella 50 in Owen County. (Barnett). NOCTUID MOTHS - ARIZONA - Spodoptera exigua (beet armyworm) larvae averaged 15 per 100 sweeps of alfalfa in Gila Valley and S. ornithogalli (yellowstriped armyworm) larvae averaged 5 per 100 sweeps in Yuma Valley, Yuma County. (Ariz. Coop. Sur.). MISSOURI - Peridroma saucia (variegated cutworm) larval counts as high as 6 (averaged 3) per Square foot of alfalfa in east-central area. (Hanning). IOWA - Autographa californica (alfalfa looper) second instars averaged 2 per 10 sweeps in central areas. (Iowa Ins. Sur.). WASHINGTON - A. californica abundant in pheromone traps in Walla Walla County, maximum of 118 in one trap on April 14. Also abundant in some pheromone traps in Skagit County. (Halfhill, Eide). MICHIGAN - A. falcifera moths 7 in 3 nights at Allegan County blacklight station. (Newman). = Sa) = OMNIVOROUS LEAFTIER (Cnephasia longana) - OREGON - Half-grown larvae very abundant on common and hairy vetch and on crimson clover in Willamette Valley. Infested 90 percent of plants examined in fields near Donald, Marion County. (Gray). Treatments on crimson clover near Canby, Clackamas County, appear ineffective. Recent cold weather restricted larval activity. (Harrison, Westcott). LYGUS BUGS (Lygus spp.) -— NEW MEXICO - Adults and nymphs 8-10 per 25 sweeps in Quay County alfalfa. (Mathews). ARIZONA - Adults and nymphs per 100 sweeps of alfalfa in Yuma County averaged 200 in Dome Valley, 215 in Gila Valley, 335 in Yuma Valley, 22 in Parker Valley; averaged 685 at Safford, Graham County. (Ariz. Coop. Sur.). WYOMING - Lygus sp. adults ranged 1-8 per 10 sweeps of alfalfa in Goshen, Platte, and Laramie Counties. Few nymphs appearing in Goshen County. (Parshall). OKLAHOMA - L. lineolaris (tarnished plant bug) ranged 1-8 per 10 sweeps of alfalfa in several northwest and west-central counties; ranged 1-3 per 10 sweeps in Garvin County. (Okla. Coop. Sur.). BROWN WHEAT MITE (Petrobia latens) - NEW MEXICO - Generally light and spotted in alfalfa in Tucumcari area, Quay County, and Clovis area, Curry County (Mathews). COTTON BOLL WEEVIL (Anthonomus grandis) - TEXAS - Damaged squares light but too few to cause concern in Rio Grande Valley. Damage ranged 0-3 percent. A few "hot spots" seen in Harlingen and La Feria area of Cameron County. (Deer). In McLennan and Falls Counties, weevils in 3 of 42 fields surveyed. Recovered 3 on flight screens, total to date 11. Trapped 199 on pheromone traps, total to date 1,016. (Cowan et al.). LOUISIANA - In Madison Parish, 117 weevils in 126 wing traps on island in Mississippi River, total of 155 to date. Collected 129 from 10 grandlure baited traps at ground trash sites, total of 461 weevils to date, (Cleveland et al.). TENNESSEE - Six overwintered weevils found in southern tier of counties. Three fields out of 26 showed signs of weevil activity. (Locke). GEORGIA - Adults averaged 6.2 per grandlure trap in Randolph County. (Womack, May 15). BOLLWORMS (Heliothis spp.) - TEXAS - Remained very light in Rio Grande Valley. Infestations and damage 0-2 percent in all areas. Egg laying continues light, Trichogramma sp. (a minute egg parasite) killing about 20 percent of these. Beneficial insects containing and, in some cases, eliminating Heliothis spp. (Deer). In McLennan and Falls Counties, 101 previously collected larvae identified 90 H. zea, and 11 H. virescens; total to date on all hosts H., zea 624 and H. virescens 19. (Cowan et al.). Fhe RET COTTON LEAFPERFORATOR (Bucculatrix thurberiella) - ARIZONA - Activity observed in few fields at Yuma, Yuma County. Could be start of very serious problem. (Ariz. Coop. Sur.). THRIPS - TEXAS - Light damage detected in several south-central counties. Moderate damage reported in Pecos and Reeves Counties, (Cole, Neeb). In McLennan and Falls Counties, moderate numbers caused severe damage to plants. Cool nights slowed growth of cotton. (Cowan et al.). ARIZONA - Frankliniella occidentalis (western flower thrips) very light at Safford, Graham County. Some fields treated at Parker Valley, Yuma County. Treatments reported in fields formerly protected by systemics in Maricopa and Yuma Counties. (riz. Coop. Sux.)). TOBACCO TOBACCO FLEA BEETLE (Epitrix hirtipennis) - KENTUCKY - Feeding damage light in tobacco beds in Owen and Franklin Counties; light to absent in Jefferson County. (Barnett). VIRGINIA - Moderate feeding in several plant beds in Pittsylvania County. (Dominick, May 17). SOUTHERN GREEN STINK BUG (Nezara viridula) - FLORIDA - Nymphs and adults moderate on flue-cured tobacco in unsprayed check plots at Live Oak, Suwannee County. (Tappan). iT /(6) SUGAR BEETS A CARRION BEETLE (Silpha bituberosa) - WYOMING - Feeding and caused some damage in 3 of 7 fields in Powell area, Park County. At least one field treated. (Burkhardt) . SUGARBEET ROOT MAGGOT (Tetanops myopaeformis) - WYOMING - First adult emergence May 12 in Powell area, Park County. Low numbers emerged in 3 of 6 beet fields by May 15. Karly trap catches ranged 0-4 flies per trap May 13, 0-12 May 15. About 700 acres sprayed May 13-16. No emergence in Heart Mountain area, Park County, by May 16. (Burkhardt). COLORADO - Adults peaked in Windsor and Berthoud areas of Weld and Larimer Counties, then declined. (Burchett). ‘OTATOES, TOMATOES, PEPPERS GREEN PEACH APHID (Myzus persicae) - MAINE - Stem mothers present on Canada plum. uld mature in Aroostook County June 1-5. (Gall). COLORADO POTATO BEETLE (Leptinotarsa decemlineata) - NEW JERSEY - First of season observed on tomato in several Southern county fields. Egg masses reported in planting near Yardville, Trenton County, May 18. (Ins.-Dis. Newsltr.). VIRGINIA - ixpected increase in activity failed to materialize and damage to potatoes at Painter expected to be lighter than in 1970. Tomato transplants heavily infested several sections of Accomack County. (Hofmaster). NORTH CAROLINA - Adults and evae (larvae 10 per plant) damaged potatoes in 3 fields in Sampson County. (Scott) . BEANS AND PEAS PHA LEAF WEEVIL (Sitona lineatus) - WASHINGTON - Most peas in Whitman and Spokane Counties outgrowing adult damage. (Entenmann, Kruiswyk) . SEEDCORN MAGGOT (Hylemya platura) - DELAWARE - Very heavy in seeds and stems of young String bean plants in one area of New Castle County. (Burbutis, Lesiewicz). SHINGTON - Adults abundant in some fields of beans near Othello, Grant County. Hagel, Landis). COLE CROPS CABBAGE MAGGOT (Hylemya brassicae) - NEW YORK - Spring adults appearing on traps in Geneva area of Ontario County. Peak from first generation expected by May 24. CHEW ior Wikies pity) ie CUCURBITS MELON APHID (Aphis gossypii) - ARIZONA - Controls applied to some watermelon and cantaloup fields at Dome Valley and in Yuma area, Yuma County. (Ariz. Coop. Sur.). GENERAL VEGETABLES REDBACKED CUTWORM (Euxoa ochrogaster) - WASHINGTON - Severe larval feeding below ground level observed in Some asparagus fields May 12 in Yakima County. (Tamaki, Turner). ASPARAGUS APHID (Brachycolus asparagi) - NEW JERSEY -— Observed on asparagus in Somerset County on May IIT. (Ims.-Dis. Newsltr.). - 377 - DECIDUOUS FRUITS AND NUTS ORIENTAL FRUIT MOTH (Grapholitha molesta) - UTAH - Adults in flight on warm days at Pleasant Grove, Utah County; 29 in four bait traps in one orchard, one in 4 traps in another orchard. (Davis). MISSOURI - Very evident in peach terminals and developing fruit in southern and central areas. (Wkly. Rpt. Fr. Grs.). FRUITTREE LEAFROLLER (Archips argyrospilus) - WASHINGTON - Larvae tying apple leaves at Naches, Yakima County, May 15. (Gregorich, Johnson). PEACH TREE BORER (Sanninoidea exitiosa) - UTAH - Killed some young trees in Washington County peach orchards. (Thornley). Female collected May 17 at Pleasant Grove, Utah County; emergence this early very unusual, First adult of 1969 season also collected early. (Davis). BLACK CHERRY APHID (Myzus cerasi) - UTAH - Increased in sweet cherry orchards in "Dixie" area of Washington County. (Huber). GREEN PEACH APHID (Myzus persicae) - UTAH - Less serious in Washington County peach orchards than during 1968 through 1970. (Thornley, Judd). Curled leaves numerous in peach orchard at Pleasant Grove, Utah County. (Davis). NEVADA - Heavy on peach nursery stock at Reno, Washoe County. (Hilbig). TARNISHED PLANT BUG (Lygus lineolaris) - MAINE - Feeding punctures noted on apple fruit buds. Injury light in Androscoggin and Kennebec Counties. Further injury expected with current high temperatures. (Wave). MICHIGAN - Adults numerous on buds of peach and other fruits. (Thompson). WHITE APPLE LEAFHOPPER (Typhlocyba pomaria) - MARYLAND - Increasing in Hancock area of Washington County. Some "hopperburn" on foliage, but still light. (U. Md., Ent. Dept.). SPIDER MITES - OREGON - Tetranychus mcdanieli (McDaniel spider mite) found in, and restricted to, 40-acre pear and apple orchard near Talent, Jackson County. Sprays applied, predatory Typhlodromus spp. (phytoseiid mites) present in large numbers, and weather unseasonably cool. Counts 49 per 100-leaf samples May 4 declined to 5 by May 17. (Berry, Penrose). This is a new county record. Deter- mined by G,W. Krantz. (Penrose). MISSOURI - Panonychus ulmi (European red mite) difficult to find on apple in central area; reported heavy in some southeast area orchards. (Wkly. Rpt. Fr. Grs.). PECAN PHYLLOXERAS (Phylloxera spp.) - OKLAHOMA - Ranged moderate to heavy on pecan trees in Johnston County; moderate in scattered areas of Seminole County. (Okla. Coop. Sur.). TEXAS - P. notabilis (pecan leaf phylloxera) reported throughout south-central area, mainly on native trees. Control excellent where dormant oil applied during winter. (Cole). ARKANSAS - P. devastatrix (pecan phylloxera) moderate and widespread on pecans in Sevier County. (Jones, May 14). PECAN NUT CASEBEARER (Acrobasis caryae) - OKLAHOMA - Larvae still in pecan tips in Payne County May 17; pupae found in Pottawatomie County May 20. Larvae heavy on pecan trees in Mayes County. (Okla. Coop. Sur.). TEXAS - Oviposition peaked in south-central area. (Green). HICKORY SHUCKWORM (Laspeyresia caryana) - OKLAHOMA - Adults noted in occasional pecan trees in Lincoln, Pottawatomie, and Seminole Counties. (Okla. Coop. Sur.). PECAN BUD MOTH (Gretchena bolliana) - TEXAS - Larval damage to pecans light and localized in Gonzales County. (Cole). - 378 - CITRUS Insect Situation in Florida - Mid May - CITRUS RUST MITE (Phyllocoptruta Oleivora) infested 74 (norm 55) percent of groves; economic in 55 (morm 35) per- cent. Population above normal, in high range, increasing on new fruit. Temporary decrease expected on leaves. Highest districts south, west, and north. CITRUS RED MITE (Panonychus citri) infested 54 (norm 52) percent of groves; economic in 27 (norm 26) percent. Population near normal, in moderate range. Increase into high range expected with about 20 percent of groves developing heavy infesta- tions. Highest districts south and central. TEXAS CITRUS MITE (Eutetranychus banksi) infested 53 (norm 53) percent of groves; economic in 29 (norm 29) per- cent. Near normal moderate level, increasing rapidly. Heavy infestations expected in about 25 percent of groves through June. Highest districts central and south. SIXSPOTTED MITE (Eotetranychus sexmaculatus) infested 12 percent of groves; economic in 3 percent. Slightly above normal and near seasonal peak. Decrease expected by mid-June. GLOVER SCALE (Lepidosaphes gloverii) infested 88 (norm 82) percent of groves; economic in 19 (norm 27) percent. Near normal and in high range. Further increase expected. Highest districts south and west. PURPLE SCALE (L. beckii) infested 76 (norm 81) percent of groves; economic in 9 (norm 11) per- cent. Below normal and infestations light or moderate. Little change expected. Highest district north. CHAFF SCALE (Parlatoria pergandii) infested 51 (norm 68) percent of groves; economic in 2 (norm 13) percent. YELLOW SCALE (Aonidiella citrina) infested 32 (norm 65) percent of groves; none economic (norm 9 percent). Will remain below normal and low in all districts. An ARMORED SCALE (Unaspis citri) infested 28 percent of groves; economic in 20 percent. Will continue above normal. Little change expected. BLACK SCALE (Saissetia oleae) infested 10 (norm 32) percent of groves; economic in 3 (norm 13) percent. Much below normal and very low in all districts. Will remain below normal despite rapid increase in June. WHITEFLY population slightly above normal and at moderate level. Increase expected in all districts. MEALYBUGS below normal and very low, will increase rapidly in June. (W.A. Simanton (Citrus Expt. Sta., Lake Alfred)). CITRUS FLAT MITE (Brevipalpus lewisi) - ARIZONA - Averaged 2 per leaf in 3 groves in Litchfield area, Maricopa County. (Ariz. Coop. Sur.). BROWN SOFT SCALE (Coccus hesperidum) - ARIZONA - Few spotty infestations in some citrus groves at Yuma Mesa, Yuma County. (Ariz. Coop. Sur., May 14). FRUITTREE LEAFROLLER (Archips argyrospilus) - CALIFORNIA - Infesting citrus in grove at Terra Vella, Tulare County. (CHS Com. RDiE.) . A CUTWORM (Xylomyges curialis) - CALIFORNIA - Larvae damaged leaves of 8-acre citrus planting at Terra Bella, Tulare County. (Cal. Coop. Rpt.). SMALL FRUITS EUROPEAN RED MITE (Panonychus ulmi) - PENNSYLVANIA - Eggs averaged 28 per nodal area in Concord grape vineyard in Erie County. Vineyard heavily infested in 1970. (Jubb) . REDBANDED LEAF ROLLER (Argyrotaenia velutinana) —- NEW JERSEY - Moths caught in all fields where baited traps placed. Species now established in pest propor- tions in all blueberry areas. (Ins.-Dis. Newsltr.). ORNAMENTALS NANTUCKET PINE TIP MOTH (Rhyacionia frustrana) - KANSAS - Two larvae found in terminals of Scotch pine in Riley County planting. (Bell). HOLLYHOCK WEEVIL (Apion longirostre) - VIRGINIA - Adults collected in Powhattan County May 18, 1971. This is a new county record. Previously recorded from Montgomery, Sussex, Fluvanna, Stafford, and Fairfax Counties. (Allen). - 379 - FOREST AND SHADE TREES BARK BEETLES (Dendroctonus spp.) - MARYLAND - D. frontalis (southern pine beetle) adults laying eggs throughout Talbot, Wicomico, Dorchester, Worcester, and Somerset Counties, Tree mortality and damage estimates for this first generation expected in early July. (U. Md., Ent. Dept.). TENNESSEE - D. frontalis caused heavy losses to pine in Tellico District of Cherokee National Forest. Potential high for greater losses during coming growing season unless natural and applied controls reduce overwintering brood. (Applegate). COLORADO - D. ponderosae (mountain pine beetle) larvae and adults damaged ponderosa pine at Rye, Pueblo County. Controls recommended. (Hatnsbarger). EUROPEAN PINE SHOOT MOTH (Rhyacionia buoliana) - MISSOURI - Collected on Scotch pine at Platte Woods, Platte County, May 17, 1971, by L.P. Burgess. This is a new county record. (Hanning). CONIFER SAWFLIES (Neodiprion spp.) - MISSOURI - N. taedae linearis spotted and heavy on pine in south-central area. (Kearby, Gass). TENNESSEE —- N. taedae linearis heavy in Hamilton County. Defoliation of old needles occurring. (Bruer) . N. pratti pratti observed in Sequatchie, Van Buren, Bledsoe, and Cumberland Counties for new county records. Collected and determined by Applegate. (Gordon). PINE NEEDLE SCALE (Phenacaspis pinifoliae) - OHIO - First crawlers hatched May 19 on Scotch pine in Geauga County. Seriously reducing marketability of Christmas trees. (Nielsen, Balderston). PINE SPITTLEBUG (Aphrophora parallela) - MISSISSIPPI - Moderate to heavy on loblolly pine in Leake, Attala, Winston, and Oktibbeha Counties. (Sartor). AN APHID (Eulachnus agilis) - MICHIGAN - Nymphs heavy on Scotch pine. Buildup earlier than expected. Can be severe problem on Christmas tree plantings. Inspection urged. (Wallner). EASTERN TENT CATERPILLAR (Malacosoma americanum) - WISCONSIN - Primarily in third instar in Grant County. Unusually heavy in area of extreme southwest; larvae completely stripped some chokecherry trees and begun migrating. (Wis. Ins. Sur.). NEBRASKA - Defoliated wild plum, chokecherry, and occasional fruit trees in Gage, Johnson, and Pawnee Counties. Most full grown and many pupating. (Keith, Berogan). OHIO - Many wild cherry and some ornamental flowering crab, peach, cherry, and plum expected to be completely defoliated in central and northern areas. (Nielsen, Balderston) . FOREST TENT CATERPILLAR (Malacosoma disstria) - NORTH DAKOTA - Eggs hatched by May 15 in Fort Totten area of Benson County. (Ramse). MINNESOTA - Eggs hatched on May 6 in International Falls area. Defoliation expected to be heavy on aspen in northern Koochiching County, and small locations in Douglas and Otter Tail Counties in 1971. (Minn. Pest. Rpt.). WESTERN TENT CATERPILLAR (Malacosoma californicum ssp.) -— CALIFORNIA - Larvae of this species and Archips argyroSpilus (fruittree leafroller) heavy on oak and madrone trees in Winters, Yolo County. These pests widespread and damaging again thas springs (Call. Coop. Rpt.))- CANKERWORMS - NORTH DAKOTA - Alsophila pometaria (fall cankerworm) and Paleacrita vernata (spring cankerworm) eggs hatched by May 14 in several areas of State. Larvae evident on most trees at Minot, Ward County. Shelterbelt trees infested in Burleigh and Bottineau Counties. Larvae in Fargo and rural Cass Counties. To date only light shotholing evident. Severe defoliation expected in many locations. (McBride, Kaatz). TENNESSEE - P. vernata continues to cause heavy damage to hackberry and other hardwood trees in central areas. Defoliation of hackberry about 60 percent. (Gordon). - 380 - ELM LEAF BEETLE (Pyrrhalta luteola) - OREGON - Adults in Medford and Talent area of Jackson County. Slight to moderate feeding damage reported. (Penrose). NEVADA - Small numbers of eggs in southern Washoe County. (Nev. Coop. Rpt.). | WYOMING - First adults on elm in Wheatland, Platte County, on May 17. (Spackman, Landen). KANSAS - Many eggs on Siberian elm leaves on May 14 at McPherson, McPherson County. Many adults feeding on leaves. (Bell). OKLAHOMA - Eggs and small larvae heavy on Siberian elm at Seminole, Seminole County. Heavy in Kay County and moderate in Craig County. (Okla. Coop. Sur.). TEXAS - Light and localized on elm trees in Denton County. Eggs reported as hatching; first and second instars present. (Turney). MISSISSIPPI - Light to moderate on Chinese elm in Yalobusha, Calhoun, and Oktibbeha Counties. (Sartor). SMALLER EUROPEAN ELM BARK BEETLE (Scolytus multistriatus) - NEBRASKA ~- About 67 percent of larvae observed in elms near Hickman in Lancaster County pupated. No adult emergence. (Keith, Berogan) . A SOFT SCALE (Cerocoeccus parrotti) - MARYLAND - Collected from basswood tree in College Park, Prince Georges County, by M.L. Williams March 4, 1971. Determined by M.L, Williams. Overwintering eggs present. This is a new State record. (U. Md., Bint Depteyn A CYNIPID WASP (Callirhytis cornigera) - MARYLAND - Heavy in area 0.5 mile by 2 miles in North Beach, Anne Arundel County. Black and pin oaks most heavily infested. Damaged twigs ranged 10-80 percent in crowns. (U. Md., Ent. Dept.). MAN AND ANIMALS SCREWWORM (Cochliomyia hominivorax) - Total of 4 cases reported in U.S. May 16-22 as follows: TEXAS - Starr 1, Val Verde 1, and Zapata 2. Total of 66 laboratory- confirmed cases reported in portion of Barrier Zone in Republic of Mexico as follows: Sonora 11, Chihuahua 12, Coahuila 1, Nuevo Leon 7, Tamaulipas 35. Total of 27 cases reported in Mexico south of Barrier Zone. Barrier Zone is area where eradication operation underway to prevent establishment of self-sustaining population in U,S. Sterile screwworm flies released: Texas 36,508,000; Arizona 3,310,000; Mexico 110,878,000. (Anim. Health Div.). CATTLE GRUBS (Hypoderma spp.) - VERMONT - Common in backs of cattle; ready to pupate. (Nielsen, May 18). UTAH - Adults annoying cattle in Washington County. (Huber) . FACE FLY (Musca autumnalis) - VERMONT - Overwintered adults low to moderate on pastured cattle. (Nielsen, May 18). MOSQUITOES - MAINE - Unusually abundant and troublesome at Winterport, Waldo County. (McDaniel) . VERMONT - Some activity reported. (Nielsen, May 18). MINNESOTA - During week ending May 15 larval collections totalled 1,281; Culiseta inornata in 72.9 percent and Aedes fitchii in 27 percent. A. excrucians, _ A. cinereus, A. flavescens, A. vexans,and A. stimulans also present. C. inornata dominant in all collections. Three-day rain ending May 20 averaged about 1.5 inches. By May 20 first instar Aedes vexans common. Expect moderate to heavy brood and first large brood of A. vexans, Adults still rare. Light trap catches, begun May 15, very low. C. inornata most common adults. (Minn. Pest Rpt ie UTAH - Adults of unspecified Species observed west of Salt Lake City, Salt Lake County, (Thornley); increasing in Washington County fields (Huber). HORN FLY (Haematobia irritans) - OKLAHOMA - Averaged 700 per head on cows and ranged 1,800-2,500 per head on bulls in Payne County. Moderate in Cleveland County. (Okla. Coop. Sur.). MISSISSIPPI - Averaged 500 per head on 15 cattle at State College, Oktibbeha County. (Sartor). STABLE FLY (Stomoxys calcitrans) - OKLAHOMA - Averaged 5 per head on untreated dairy cattle in Payne County. (Okla. Coop. Sur.). - 381 - BLACK FLIES - VERMONT - Active for 7+ days. (Nielsen, May 18). OKLAHOMA - Simulium vittatum heavy and annoying horses (feeding in ears) along wooded creek bottoms in Payne County. (Okla. Coop. Sur.). AMERICAN DOG TICK (Dermacentor variabilis) - WISCONSIN - Annoying in La Crosse and Dunn Counties. (Wis. Ins. Sur.). TENNESSEE - Populations still annoying in upper eastern areas. (Quillin). Population increasing in western areas. Heavy at many locations. (Locke). LONE STAR TICK (Amblyomma americanum) - OKLAHOMA - Heavy in lawns in Coalgate, Coal County. (Okla. Coop. Sur.). ARKANSAS - Increasing on livestock in most northern and western areas. Especially heavy in wooded areas and in brushy pastures. (Boyer et al.). GULF COAST TICK (Amblyomma maculatum) - OKLAHOMA - Heavy on cattle (mostly in ears) in several areas of Johnston County. (Okla. Coop. Sur.). BROWN RECLUSE SPIDER (Loxosceles reclusa) - TENNESSEE - Specimens collected in Polk County for a new county record. (Ledford). Specimens also collected in homes in Cheatham, Dickson, Humphreys, and Hickman Counties. (Lewis). BENEFICIAL INSECTS LADY BEETLES - WASHINGTON - Adults of Stethorus picipes depositing eggs in areas of McDaniel spider mite eggs on apples, May 13, Wapato, Yakima County. (Gregorich). WYOMING - Adults averaged 1 per 10 sweeps of alfalfa in Goshen County. Few in Platte and Laramie Counties. (Parshall). ARIZONA - Hippodamia convergens (convergent lady beetle) counts per 100 sweeps of alfalfa in Yuma County: Parker Valley - 35 adults, 15 larvae; Yuma Valley, 60 adults. Averaged 10 larvae, 6 pupae, and 8 adults per plant in Several fields of potatoes west of Litchfield, Maricopa County. Aphid and thrips infestations heavy in these fields several weeks ago; honeydew still heavy on many vines, but aphids and thrips eliminated. (Ariz. Coop. Sur.). OKLAHOMA - H. convergens, mostly adults, ranged 10-12 per 10 sweeps of alfalfa in Ellis, Woodward, Woods, and Beaver Counties and 2-12 per 10 sweeps in Roger Mills, Dewey, and Custer Counties. Adults and larvae ranged 2-7 per 10 sweeps in alfalfa in Garvin County. (Okla. Coop. Sur.). OHIO - Adults of Adalia bipunctata (twospotted lady beetle), Anatis quindecimpunctata, and Coleomegila maculata feeding primarily on aphids in Licking County. (Rings). A KLAMATHWEED BEETLE (Chrysolina quadrigemina) - OREGON - Adults generally pre- valent in northern Willamette Valley. Averaged 5-10 per plant in nursery at Aurora, Marion County. Newly emerged adult noted in Salem, Polk County. (Larson, Westcott). MELYRID BEETLES (Collops spp.) - OKLAHOMA - Ranged 5-10 per 10 sweeps of alfalfa in Custer, Dewey, and Roger Mills Counties. Light in most northwest area fields. C. quadrimaculatus most common species. Ranged 1-3 per 10 sweeps in Garvin County alfaltas(Oklagmcoop. Sur.). A PHYTOSEIID MITE (Metaseiulus occidentalis) - WASHINGTON - Eggs seen and adults observed feeding on European red mite eggs and nymphs May 19 in Yakima County. (Johnson). FEDERAL AND STATE PLANT PROTECTION PROGRAMS CEREAL LEAF BEETLE (Oulema melanopus) - ILLINOIS - Adult collected on wheat in Tazewell County by C.J, Icenogie on May 10, 1971. MARYLAND - Adult collected on barley in Washington County by P.R, Gift on May 10, 1971. Determinations by R.E, White. These are new county records. (PPD). PENNSYLVANIA - Eggs averaged 3.6 per Square yard on oats in Mercer and Venango Counties May 14. (Mallis). OHIO - Eight percent of eggs hatched on wheat in Tuscarawas County. Adults 4 per sweep - 382 - and eggs 3 per stem on wheat May 17. (Treece). NEW YORK - Recovered 19 adults from 4 sites May 10-14 in western area, 12 from wheatfield in Steuben County. @io Wislivs 1oie5)) 6 WESTERN CHERRY FRUIT FLY (Rhagoletis indifferens) - OREGON - Adult emergence noted May 14 in traps at The Dalles, Wasco County. Immediate control recommended for county. (Thienes) . EUROPEAN CHAFER (Amphimallon majalis) - NEW YORK - Surveys reveal third instars caused heavy damage to red clover in Wayne County. Damaged lawns in Lockport area of Niagara County; homeowners claim to have treated areas with unsatisfactory results. (N.Y. Wkly. Rpt., May 17). A GRASS BUG (Labops hesperius) - UTAH - Still causing some damage to crested wheatgrass at higher altitudes in Washington County. (Huber). WYOMING - Damaging and discoloring 80 acres of crested wheatgrass near Gillette, Campbell County; area treated. Discoloring 400 acres of crested wheatgrass in Wheatland area, Platte County; treatment made. (Spackman et al.). NEBRASKA - Damaged 2 wheatfields bordering crested wheatgrass pastures near Rushville and Gordon in Sheridan County. Controls will be applied to borders of one 40-acre field. (Falkenburg). GRASSHOPPERS - NEW MEXICO - First instar nymphs ranged 15-20 per 25 sweeps in 3 alfalfa fields near Tucumcari, Quay County. (Mathews). UTAH - Nymphs present in Washington County but not in economic numbers. (Thornley). NORTH DAKOTA - Melanoplus sanguinipes and M. bivittatus hatch light in Pierce County. Up to 9 first inStars per Square yard in weedy field margins. M. bivittatus also hatched in southern Cass County with up to 12 nymphs per square yard in weedy field margins. (Brandvik). MINNESOTA - Melanoplus sanguinipes, M. bivittatus, and M. packardii egg hatch light in Sherburne County. Eggs mostly Segmentation to fully formed. M. femurrubrum and M. differentialis eggs in coagulation stage. Arphia sp. adults now in Sherburne County. (Minn. Pest Rpt.). GYPSY MOTH (Porthetria dispar) - NEW JERSEY - Movement into blueberry fields limited to Monmouth County. Troublesome to north and south of main blueberry region; will eventually become troublesome in Atlantic and Burlington Counties. (Ins.-Dis. Newsltr.). NEW YORK - Egg masses noted on trees near corn at Hurley and Zena; 1 egg mass out of 4 noted hatching on Mohawk Mountain in Ulster County. First instar at Huntington May 11 and no hatch observed at Moriches, Suffolk County; hatch at Islip May 6. Hatching noted May 6 in Westchester County. (N.Y. Wkly. Rpt.). JAPANESE BEETLE (Popillia japonica) - VIRGINIA - Larvae light and spotted in cornfield in Franklin County. Determined by W.A. Allen. (Tucker, May 10). Grubs moderate in Nansemond County peanut field which had been in "Soil bank" in 1970. Larvae causing little apparent damage. (Smith). MORMON CRICKET (Anabrus simplex) - ARIZONA - Assemblage observed on one-mile stretch of U.S, Highway 89 south of Page, Coconino County. (Ariz. Coop. Sur., May 14). PINK BOLLWORM (Pectinophora gossypiella) - CALIFORNIA - Sterile moths released in lower San Joaquin Valley as follows: May 19-20, 7,248,500; total to date, 13,703,000. Collected 5 native moths at Coachella, 74 in Imperial Valley, and 9 at Palo Verde May 13-19. (PPD). WHITEFRINGED BEETLES (Graphognathus spp.) - GEORGIA - Heavy in one cornfield in Turner County. (Hall). = Sk}3) = HAWAII INSECT REPORT New Western Hemisphere Records - Collected 4 adults of A FULGORID PLANTHOPPER (Lamenia caliginea (Stal)) at Nonou Mountains, Kauai, by W. Gagne in August 1970. Determined by W. Gagne. Widely distributed in Micronesia. Some recorded hosts are: Hernandia, Calophyllum, Barringtonia racemosa, Mangifera indica, Colocasia esculenta, Messerschmidia, and banana. (Gagne). Larva and adult of A SWALLOWTAIL BUTTERFLY (Papilio xuthus Linnaeus) taken at Salt Lake, Oahu, by A. Ahn during April 1971. During current surveys eggs and larvae collected on citrus plant and 2 adults taken at large at Foster Village, about 1.5 miles from Salt Lake area. Further surveys continue. Larvae feed on leaves of Citrus spp. It has a wide range in Orient from India through China to Korea, Japan, Formosa, Ryukyu and Bonin Islands to Philippines and also occurs in Siberia, upper Burma and Guam. Determined by G. Funasaki. (Kawamura). ; General Vegetables - PEPPER WEEVIL (Anthonomus eugenii) larvae and adults heavy in 0.5 acre of bell peppers at Kihei, Maui; caused heavy damage and premature fruit drop. (Hori). Adults of GREENHOUSE WHITEFLY (Trialeurodes vaporariorum) ranged 75-100 per leaf in 0.25 acre of zucchini and in 0.1 acre of eggplant; ranged 10-25 per leaflet in 0.25 acre of tomato and 15-50 per leaf in 0.1 acre of broc- coli at Kahului, Maui. Light in 0.25 acre of snap beans at Hilo, Hawaii; about 5 percent of leaves affected. (Miyahira, Matayoshi) . Forest and Shade Trees - Larvae of a NOCTUID MOTH (Melipotis indomita) severely defoliated monkeypod trees (Samanea saman) on Several hundred acres at Kau, Hawaii. Parasite emergence from field collected larvae in this area nil to date. (Yoshioka) . Beneficial Insects - Eggs, nymphs, and adults of a TINGID BUG (Leptobyrsa decora) heavy on lantana in pastures at Pulehu, Maui. L. decora first released on Maui in December 1970. This is first evidence of itS eStabliShment on that island. (Miyahira). Examination of 75 internodes of Tribulus terrestris on Maui revealed 60 percent at Puunene affected by Microlarinus lypriformis (a puncturevine stem weevil) and negative on T. cistoides at Lahaina. M. lypriformis moderate to heavy on 3 acres infested with T. cistoides. (Miyahira, Matayoshi) . Miscellaneous Pests - Several adults of a CYDNID BUG (Rhytidoporus indentatus) collected in blacklight traps at Hickam Air Force Base, and about 500 specimens at Barbers Point, Oahu. This is a new island record; previously reported only from Hawaii. (Shiroma). Damage by CHINESE ROSE BEETLE (Adoretus sinicus) moder- ate to heavy on 12 seagrape trees (Coccoloba uvifera) at Kau, Hawaii. About 50 percent of leaves affected; 25 percent of younger leaves skeletonized. Numerous adults uncovered in soil and debris at base of trees. (Matayoshi). Destroyed 436 specimens of GIANT AFRICAN SNAIL (Achatina fulica) at Poipu but none at Wahiawa, Kauai, during April. No live snails noted at Kahaluu, Kona, Hawaii. Aerial bait applications expected later. Noted 7 juveniles and one adult of Gonaxis quadri- lateralis (a carnivorus snail) and one A. fulica aestivating at Lanikai, Oahu. (Sugawa et al.). TRAP COLLECTIONS LIGHT - 384 o od aqgqHaA oo BOs o i) o>} el =) Coal i] x N Gelise) (se) tOL ie) is HaODOOnHO x) Ke} N r= o>) Ke} iS S) ite} AAs q or) v2) noo S) aq Ke} qo aod cq ~~ manos aa ct N nN 00 q Ge) Lal é Ie) q c) x a © 4 (>) q N qo 7 nN Pak) oq 00% 00 00 AMonw © q © Sp) q ~ I a | | Hoa | yo a HAavAwaAyA — (=) mm [23] manM (=) mn (=) moanmmamamaA (=) © oo} 1 2) Bi ° So NC Nn IN =) rt 1 a ‘i nN N ite) oa qh ! >) x q Ad oa 1 ce I Na 7 mand Lon! N o aN Nant SS q nN o™~ a Pla ! toa N PIA INNA re} x) q fe) N PW ID q tN I Senet i~n ! SS a Oo EXO R a tel t+ sa laAeew ° o Ge) fe) as 5oON 1 SS Fa aq ONR NA N q qo Ho o Oo mo oO AHWR N OWAMNNE | q SS i] SP He OF N mS (ey SSS eye) ©) i Dal ire) ° Bow Ar YON wPY OW s.io ¢ aa) al > - = i=] yr no HO my xn ®o & OO S 0) H me BAOH H> HHOD MO HOE Oo HH EEOOS ite) <0 o MS O50 NO HOHNP BH OHO P NMOVOAA as dA On AMP NE HPHnv Be 30 QD ANEWOEAS ° en a = SAB HO OH ES oO fst oy oO HaQHmD> DUH NOY ao os o 20 NY NWA o 00 O90 Zen aoaaws IN OO 22 ZH 2ZhF AH NAAR FH SMM BEF ZHOtTtsS= KE = ° is) ten] Los] Les] a ie) i=] B B ian = MM = = = Zz = (o) - 385 - DETECTION New Western Hemisphere Records - A FULGORID PLANTHOPPER (Lamenia caliginea (Stal)) - HAWAII - Kauai Island, and a SWALLOWTAIL BUTTERFLY (Papilio xuthus Linnaeus) - HAWAII - Oahu Island. (p. 383). New State Record - A SOFT SCALE (Cerococcus parrotti) - MARYLAND - Prince Georges County. (p. 380). New County and Island Records - ALFALFA WEEVIL (Hypera postica) - IOWA - Hancock; KANSAS - Nemaha, Geary, Lincoln, Norton, Clay, Osborne, Smith, Jewell, Mitchell, Ottawa, Cloud, Republic, Washington; OKLAHOMA - Wood, Woodward, Ellis, Beaver, Roger Mills, Custer, Dewey, Cherokee. (p. 373). BROWN RECLUSE SPIDER (Loxosceles reclusa) - TENNESSEE - Polk. (p. 381). CEREAL LEAF BEETLE (Oulema melanopus) — ILLINOIS - Tazewell; MARYLAND - Washington. (p. 381). A CONIFER SAWFLY (Neodiprion pratti pratti) - TENNESSEE - Sequatchie, Van Buren, Bledsoe, Cumberland. (p. 379). A CYDNID BUG (Rhytidoporus indentatus) - HAWAII - Oahu. (p. 383). EUROPEAN PINE SHOOT MOTH (Rhyacionia buoliana) - MISSOURI - Platte. (p. 379). MCDANIEL SPIDER MITE (Tetranychus mcdanieli) - OREGON - Jackson. (p. 377). CORRECTIONS CEIR 21(10):118 - IMPORTED FIRE ANT - In line 7, delete OKLAHOMA. Line should read ... Carolina, 2 in South Carolina, 14 in ALABAMA, 2 in Florida, 9 in Mississippi ... (PPD). CEIR 21(19) :325 - SPRING CANKERWORM (Paleacrita vernata) - OKLAHOMA - Delete note. See corrected note CEIR 21(21):361. (PPD). CEIR 21(19) :335-336 - On page 336 Agricultural Quarantine Inspection Service should read Agricultural Quarantine Inspection Division in credits for illustra- tion and in lower left corner of page. (PPD). CEIR 21(20) :344 - PEAR PSYLLA (Psylla pyricola) - MASSACHUSETTS - ... Hampshire and Washington Counties ... should read ... Hampshire and Worcester Counties ... (PPD) . CEIR 21(20) :345 - A GEOMETRID MOTH (Lambdina pellucidaria) - OHIO - ... should read ... VIRGINIA. (PPD). Weather of the week continued from page 370. TEMPERATURE: Mild spring weather lay over the eastern portion of the Nation early in the week, with afternoon temperatures mostly in the 80's. Cedar Rapids, Iowa, registered 81° Monday afternoon, when the temperature at Spencer, Iowa, : which was in the cold airmass did not go above 69°. Winter temperatures prevailed in the West. Winnemucca, Nevada, recorded 20° Tuesday morning. The temperature at Albuquerque, New Mexico, dropped to 34° Wednesday morning. This is the coldest temperature of record for so late in the season at Albuquerque. Meanwhile, recordbreaking heat covered the Northeast. The mercury reached 95° at Messina, New York, Wednesday afternoon. Many stations in the Atlantic Coastal States from New York to Florida, recorded maximum temperatures in the 90's Wednesday. The highest maximums occurred in the southwestern deserts. Among these are 99° at Blythe, California, Wednesday and Thermal and Imperial Thursday. The northern and central Great Plains experienced a cooling trend early in the week followed by warmer weather. Maximums over the Dakotas were in the 40's and 50's Tuesday, but reached the upper 60's and 70's Thursday. Temperatures averaged above normal over central and eastern Texas and from the central Great Plains to New England, and below normal over most of the rest of the Nation. Some spots in the northern Rocky Mountains averaged more then 8° colder than normal. 386 TL61 ‘12 ABW VGSN eTAIag YyOIvesey TeIN}[NOTAsy UOTSTATQ UOT}9930Ig JUETd uotT}09430q puke AeAIng yOeSUT OTMOUOD| UT patedeig IL61 ‘98E: (22) 12 ose *ydy ‘sur ‘uoog *doop ‘aay “3deq ‘sn é [| ie s } oOmon se) oo st aso qa q x qo i ~ q ol yo 4 | | aod i | do | Hod (=) [a= hi=2) (a2) mm [=a] aam mm iss} (==) [aa] ama fo) = (=) Nn o>) 1 ind ire} Si é N st Nn ° IN i te} I N © oO | nN N tal i] N rt 0 1 i So mam OO 1 nN fo) 1 Na oqo A_N nN y PAN no 4 ~S ie od 2) oN N PHIO ol Q) 2a NNO ite} N AN al re} N PAN As I aww INN I Pilon SS Q i's} sire Wen! ial BNN bY owl o al Por wo as BONO “~~ N ofX™N N N i=} q N aaa Ine) o OFMN aw NY own I NPN Ll S iN i=] a+ Ae (DSS SS ~ ite) — So loi Tal ile} oww {e) & oOo AR wn bw oO > ao N ow > 1S) Pep t= ff Ad ° I H HAG S bo] nD Hh VED BO BOH HP HOOO Sas o Woe mw tAaoe =z 0 ) Os MA O50 NO BENP MHA - NxO Ho Ww AF cal Nre On n wr ne 2D nr nNOoOw Q nev ° aor o mod a DHOo ES eH moO OosnBSs Daan ° wh no eo ok ee 206 Nos o 2 oS Ne ANAHVOH HSH COO Hos ae goon ome) ea lalla ae BE NH NOAA ATH =i me SE ese pe] fo} iol rl 4 i= is") B ra 3 I i] Z| = = = Z [o) > spp Se diene Aad ai SUSINES at i 0004 USENLINATA122 03001 0001 — US ENTOMOLOGY LIBRARY DEPT | ENTOM NATIONAL MUSEUM WASHINGTON DC 20560 VOL. 21 /No. 24 " June 11, 1971 ses 723 C77 ae: Cooperative ECONOMIC INSECT REPORT AQTHSONIA {2 JUN £94971 LIBRARIES Issued by PLANT PROTECTION DIVISION AGRICULTURAL RESEARCH SERVICE UNITED STATES DEPARTMENT OF AGRICULTURE. AGRICULTURAL RESEARCH SERVICE PLANT PROTECTION DIVISION ECONOMIC INSECT SURVEY AND DETECTION The Cooperative Economic Insect Report is issued weekly as a service to American Agriculture. Its contents are compiled from information supplied by cooperating State, Federal, and industrial entomologists and other agricul- tural workers. In releasing this material the Division serves as a clearing house and does not assume responsi- bility for accuracy of the material. To facilitate mailroom handling, all reports, inquiries, and other matters pertaining to this release, including the mailing list, should be sent to: The Editors, CEIR Economic Insect Survey and Detection Plant Protection Division, ARS, USDA Federal Center Building Hyattsville, Maryland 20782 Volume 21 June 11, 1971 Number 24 COOPERATIVE ECONOMIC INSECT REPORT HIGHLIGHTS Current Conditions ARMYWORM larvae damaged corn in Virginia. GREENBUG damaged sorghum in Oklahoma. (p. 407). BLACK CUTWORM outbreak in several areas of Iowa; damaged corn in Kansas, Nebraska, and South Dakota. EUROPEAN CORN BORER pupation near completion in Illinois, winter mortality heavy in Minnesota and light in Michigan. (p. 408). ALFALFA WEEVIL damaging alfalfa in Utah, Oklahoma, Indiana, and Ohio. (p. 410). COLORADO POTATO BEETLE heavy in northern Utah. (p. 412). ORIENTAL FRUIT MOTH larvae heavy on unsprayed peaches and apples in central and west-central Missouri. (p. 414). CARPENTERWORM damaged shelterbelt plantings in portion of South Dakota. (p. 416). CATTLE TICKS found on additional premises in quarantine area of Texas. (p. 418). GRASS BUGS damaged grasses in South Dakota. (p. 419). Detection APPLE MEALYBUG reported for the first time from California. (p. 414). For new county and island records see page 421. Special Reports Pink Bollworm Quarantines. Map. Centerfold. Reports in this issue are for week ending June 4 unless otherwise indicated. - 405 - Special - 406 - CONTENTS Insects Affecting Corn, Sorghum, Sugarcane.......-+.408 SmavlaeiGratinisieyerercersietoictoienelelenelsvel elector Oo Turf, Pastures, Rangeland.........409 Forage LE€ZUMeS...cccccccccccccces tO POEVMNESS OO bOOdODD DOO ODD DOOD ODDO ODO OSL Cojtauomlalereyelerelotehevoteiclere clorcleteloneleloielens iene el MOWACC Oleieieleloheleherekersieneckelederelelolelelatelen ela Sugai) BEeCtS icicles sieieraieio! leloisjetsielcl leleleisasl a Miscellaneous Field CropS....c...«e412 Insects Ton Reg vonale Si omict Can Celsreis clelete cislelclelajcloreleleleloleienelclelelerenclersherereierenei. Oia Beans) anG@PeCasiscicielelclolelelelale cleleleleietei-a lo CucuibakESreretoraerelenelclerelelehoiehelclckencienen ener lecs GeneraleViereirablesSiieclslcle slelelsislersieieels Deciduous Fruits and Nuts........414 Crus Sleteroleletctelchellcreheleneleleleloloh hel siererenena Teo Small ESWC Slejerelclleliolcl clei craiiclelel eheleieieiene ttc) OrjniamentawlShrerelctelelclelelchelelclelelalaletaloneneis eo) Forest and Shade TreeS...cc.+ce.-416 Man and AnimalS.....cccocccceccce4tl? Potatoes, Tomatoes, Peppers.......412 Households and Structures........418 Bene ti Calale TNSCCUS reicsleieleielsiolerelioiekelolerelsiicielelelevelolicierorelcietechenonenaieleteneierciotetel one teienetere ieee aes hederaly and State. Plant, Protectaion) ProgramSipes cicvetetetetsisicioleteio ie eine eee Ea) Hawa ayelns ect wR pO ity roeteleleleloletelelolslevelalelololelcleveroieic etotersrevevereheireietoicicieiniciere einen een DE TE CE LOM \6 cis ciaiexsieyeieca\o isiejesevetoye te ovokoistebetoleyelare etsieiete wie eile CIO DORE On Leen Lvoht. Trap ComectivoOns cos cieeleeleyelerevercicnoleiele cic eiersiciels ciosociin ee ee eee Pink Bollworm Quarantines. Map. Centerfold. WEATHER OF THE WEEK ENDING JUNE 7 Reprinted from Weekly Weather and Crop Bulletin supplied by Environmental Data Service, NOAA. HIGHLIGHTS: Temperatures averaged cooler than normal over the West and warmer than normal over most eastern areas. Thundershowers soaked parts of the Great Plains. PRECIPITATION: Scattered thundershowers dampened much of the northwest quarter of the Nation early in the week. Heavier Showers soaked the central Great Plains. Tornadoes and severe thunderstorms occurred in the warm moist air that covered the central Great Plains and Mississippi River Valley. Hail ranging from 1 inch in diameter to as large as baseballs pelted some localities. Numerous tornadoes struck mid-America. The weekend brought a continuation of Severe weather in the central Great Plains. A thunderstorm at Hastings, Nebraska, waS accompanied by hail as large as golf balls and wind gusts reaching 81 m.p.h. A number of torna- does struck the northern and central Great Plains late Friday. Large hail and heavy thundershowers fell in northern Illinois, Sunday afternoon, and heavy rains in Pennsylvania and West Virginia sent a number of small streams to near bankfull. TEMPERATURE: The Far West remained relatively cool most of last week with maxi- mums mostly in the 50's and 60's in the Northwest to the 80's in the southwestern deserts. Minimum temperatures dropped to the low 30's on 1 or 2 mornings early in the week in parts of Nevada and the high Rockies. Flagstaff, Arizona, registered 27° Wednesday morning. Southern Texas remained hot throughout the week. Maximums along the lower Rio Grande averaged near 100°. Cotulla, Texas, registered 104° Wednesday afternoon. A high pressure area over the Southeast caused a southerly flow of moist tropical air to cover most of the eastern half of the Nation. Maxi- mums reached the upper 80's or higher from the Dakotas to the Gulf of Mexico Thursday afternoon. Grand Forks, North Dakota, Des Moines, Iowa, and Bowling Green, Kentucky, were among the stations which recorded 90° Thursday afternoon. High humidity added to the discomfort caused by high temperatures. The weekend weather was hot and humid over the eastern half of the Nation. The mercury at Waterloo and Burlington in Iowa climbed to 94° Sunday afternoon, when Columbus, Ohio, registered 93°. A cold front brought subfreezing temperatures to points in New England Sunday morning, 28° at Houlton, Maine. = Oa SPECIAL INSECTS OF REGIONAL SIGNIFICANCE ARMYWORM (Pseudaletia unipuncta) - KENTUCKY - Larvae averaged 2 per square foot on wheat in Warren County. (Barnett). VIRGINIA - Numerous first, second, and third instars beginning to damage no-till corn in Montgomery and Pulaski Counties. In fields surveyed, 70 percent of seedling corn showed notching of leaves, overall damage light. Few fields in Lee County completely destroyed. (Allen). Larvae beginning to injure no-till corn in Rockingham County. (Craun). Severe and spotted in Lancaster County on no-till corn. (McSwain). MARYLAND - Light statewide. Heaviest in 55 acres of field corn near Churchville, Harford County. Larvae damaged 5 percent of stand. About 30 acres of small grain required controls in Wicomico, Worcester, and Somerset Counties. (U. Md., Ent. Dept.). OHIO - Moth activity increased three-fold compared with previous period. No reports of large larval populations. (Rings). MICHIGAN - Counts at blacklight stations still light, except at Allegan and Ottawa County stations. Counts by county: Allegan 154, Lenawee 42, Livingston 61, Ottawa 167. (Newman). ILLINOIS - Remains light on wheat in central half of State. Larvae averaged less than one per linear foot in all counties surveyed. (Ill. Ins. Rpt.). MISSOURI - Early instars up to 9 per square foot of bromegrass in northwest area. (Munson). KANSAS - Larvae averaged less than 1 per square foot of bromegrass pasture in Brown County. (Bell). ASTER LEAFHOPPER (Macrosteles fascifrons) - NORTH DAKOTA - Adults ranged 10-70 (averaged 35) per 100 sweeps of headed rye in Barnes, La Moure, and Dickey Counties. (Brandvik). MINNESOTA - Ranged 50-500 per 100 sweeps of small grain in southwest district, averaged 70 per 100 sweeps in alfalfa. Ranged 10-200 per 100 sweeps of alfalfa and small grain in south-central and central districts, ranged 130-220 per 100 sweeps in west-central district small grains. (Minn. Pest Rpt.). WISCONSIN - Ranged 300-500 per 100 sweeps of oats in Trempealeau and La Crosse Counties. Ranged 15-30 per 100 sweeps in Waushara, Marquette, and Green Lake Counties, under unfavorable sampling conditions. Very serious aster yellows potential for lettuce, carrots, celery, and potatoes based upon population data and percentage of leafhoppers carrying aster yellows disease (3 to 4 percent). (Wis. Ins. Sur.). BEET LEAFHOPPER (Circulifer tenellus) - WASHINGTON - Adults collected past 3 weeks on yellow sticky traps in wheat in Franklin and Benton Counties indicated increased adult flight. (Klostermeyer). CALIFORNIA - High winds hampered surveys. Surveys of sugar beet fields in Coalinga area, Fresno County, showed 8-20 percent curly top infestations. Due to late spring rains, thistle in Coalinga area showing good growth. Curley top incidence ranged 8-99 percent in sugar beets 4-inches tall in Antelope Valley, Los Angeles County. (Cal. Coop. Rpt.). UTAH - Curley top disease present in occasional tomato plants in Washington County. (Huber), ‘ CORN EARWORM (Heliothis zea) - OKLAHOMA - First small larva of season on alfalfa in Payne County. (Okla. Coop. Sur., May 29). ALABAMA - Larvae on corn throughout Monroe County. Much damage reported. (Gamble). SOUTH CAROLINA - Larvae abundant and crawling from harvested barley in Allendale County. Light damage on young corn adjoining barley. (Cely, May 28). DELAWARE - First adults in Sussex County blacklight trap May 31. (Traino). CORN LEAF APHID (Rhopalosiphum maidis) - NEVADA - Averaged 50+ per leaf in winter wheat test plots at Reno, Washoe County. (Arnett). OKLAHOMA - Ranged 30-200 per terminal on 8 to 12-inch corn in Garvin County and 30-400 per terminal in 12 to 18-inch corn in Johnston County. (Okla. Coop. Sur., May 29). ARKANSAS - Built up in some fields in southwest areas. As high as 300-400 per whorl in Lafayette County field. Treated. (Sterling). GREENBUG (Schizaphis graminum) - OKLAHOMA - Moved from wheat to young sorghum in Texas County and destroyed stand in some fields making replanting necessary. Moderate in grain sorghum in Craig County week ending May 29. Currently moderate on young sorghum in Kingfisher County. (Okla. Coop. Sur.). KANSAS - Very light, ) - 408 - less than 1 per 10 plants of sorghum in Shawnee County field. (Bell). NORTH DAKOTA - Winged forms appeared in traps in Cass County. (Schulz). POTATO LEAFHOPPER (Empoasca fabae) - OHIO - Adults up to 4 per 100 sweeps of alfalfa. (Flessel). NEW YORK — Single adult collected at Aurora, Cayuga County. (N.Y. Wkly. Rpt.). WISCONSIN - Adults conspicuous by absence in alfalfa in Monroe, La Crosse, and Trempealeau Counties. Counts remain unchanged in southern counties. (Wis. Ins. Sur.). SPOTTED ALFALFA APHID (Therioaphis maculata) - OKLAHOMA - Averaged 150 per linear foot of alfalfa in Eakly area, Caddo County. (Okla. Coop. Sur., May 29). NEW MEXICO - Increasing in many Dona Ana County alfalfa fields. (N.M. Coop. Rpt.). Light in alfalfa near Los Lunas, Valencia County, and Springer, Colfax County. (Heninger, Mathews). TOBACCO BUDWORM (Heliothis virescens) - NORTH CAROLINA - Five to 30 percent of tobacco plants infested, averaged 20 percent, in 15 fields in Columbus and Bladen Counties. Five per 50 plants considered economic. (Robertson, May 28). CORN, SORGHUM, SUGARCANE BLACK CUTWORM (Agrotis ipsilon) - KANSAS - Damage severe in one field of seedling corn in Brown County week ending May 29 with up to 6 larvae per row foot. Very light in other cornfields surveyed in county. (Bell). NEBRASKA - Several reports of activity in east and southeast districts. Destroyed several fields in Richardson County. About 60 percent of plants in 1 field near Uehling in Dodge County damaged. Ranged 1-1.5 per 3 feet of row. (Keith et al.). IOWA — Outbreaks reported from 15 counties border to border. Larvae averaged 1 per linear foot in damaging populations. Destroyed 1 percent of soybeans adjacent to infested corn in Polk County. (Iowa Ins. Sur.). SOUTH DAKOTA - Damaged field corn near Elk Point, Union County. (Kantack). NOCTUID MOTHS - TENNESSEE - Spodoptera ornithogalli (yellowstriped armyworm) larvae heavily damaged corn in Cumberland County. (Mullins). KENTUCKY - Papaipema nebris (Stalk borer) larvae damaged corn in Livingston, Todd, Christian, an Warren Counties. (Barnett). EUROPEAN CORN BORER (Ostrinia nubilalis) - MINNESOTA - Pupation increased; averaged 22 percent in Le Sueur County, 3 percent in southwest district; none observed in west-central district. Overwintering mortality averaged 50 percent in some Wilkin County fields; this is very heavy. (Minn. Pest Rpt.). WISCONSIN - Few adults collected in blacklight traps in Southern areas. (Wis. Ins. Sur.). MICHIGAN - First adults of season collected at Lenawee County station June l. Field checks in Livingston County indicate winter mortality light. (Newman). ILLINOIS - Pupation near completion in southern two-thirds of State. Adults in all counties. Percent pupation by county: Schuyler 58 and Ogle 56; adult emergence 42 in Schuyler, 8 in Ogle. (Ill. Ins, Rpt.). INDIANA - Adults noted in 2 abandoned cornfields June 1 in Porter County; all specimens still in stalks pupated. (Meyer). Adults also taken at lights in Tippecanoe County. (Matthew). OHIO - First moth of season in blacklight trap on June 1. This is 13 days later than in 1970 and 14 days later than 1969. (Rings). DELAWARE - Most overwintering larvae pupated. Adults averaged 7 per night in blacklight traps. First ese masses on sweet corn found June 3 in Sussex County. (Burbutis, Lesiewicz). CORN ROOT WEBWORM (Crambus caliginosellus) - OHIO - Dawaned corn in Hancock County. Crambus sp. damaged corn in Carroll County. (Blair)' BILLBUGS (Sphenophorus spp.) - MARYLAND - S. maidis (maize billbug) caused light injury to seedling corn in Wicomico, Dorchester, and Somerset Counties. Damaged plants averaged less than 1 per 100 in most fields. (U. Md., Ent. Dept.). OHIO - Sphenophorus spp. feeding on young corn plants in Pickaway County field. Replanting needed in Some areas of field. (Blair, Hamrick). NORTH CAROLINA - S. callosus and S. maidis adults causing extreme suckering in Columbus, Bladen, and Sampson = 409 — Counties; damage in all of 13 randomly observed fields; however, infestation heaviest in Sampson County. In Sampson County, 3 of 7 fields observed had spots of 0.25-15 acres with 30+ percent of plants heavily suckered. Much corn in area 2 feet high. S. callosus dominant species in Camden County area; 3 fields of about 20 acres each had 20 percent of plants damaged with about 10 percent heavily suckered. Replanting about 10 percent of field after treatment common. Damage observed in Edgecombe, Halifax, Martin, Bertie, and Chowan Counties in random survey of 3 fields per county. (Pleasants, Sawyer, Hunt). SOUTH CAROLINA - Ss. maidis continues damaging in most coastal counties. (Thomas). CORN FLEA BEETLES (Chaetocnema spp.) - ALABAMA - C. pulicaria (corn flea beetle) damage severe to corn in several Jefferson County areas. (Johns). VIRGINIA - C. pulicaria adults light on corn in Montgomery, Pulaski, Craig, Giles, and Bland Counties. Vector for important disease of corn. (Allen). UTAH - C. ectypa (desert corn flea beetle) caused moderate injury to young corn and sorghum in "Dixie" area of Washington County. (Huber). SEED CORN BEETLE (Agonoderus lecontei) - OHIO - Heavy flights indicated by black- light trap collections. (Rings). WIREWORMS -— NEW JERSEY - Counts of 2-3 per seedling caused severe damage to corn plants in one 15-acre field near Vincentown, Burlington County. This field was planted to soybeans in 1970. (Ins.-Dis. Newsltr.). OHIO - Damage in field corn in Pickaway County extensive enough so that replanting was necessary. (Blair, Hamrick). COLORADO - Affecting portions of cornfields in area northeast of Greeley, Weld County. Replanting thought to be necessary. (Urano). UTAH - Heavy and damaged young corn at Trenton, Cache County. (Roberts). SMALL GRAINS ENGLISH GRAIN APHID (Macrosiphum avenae) - NORTH DAKOTA - Wingless adults and immature forms ranged up to 40 (averaged 11) per 100 sweeps in headed rye in Barnes, La Moure, and Dickey Counties. Occassional winged forms evident. (Brandvik). A LYGUS BUG (Lygus sp.) - VIRGINIA - Adults 930 per 100 sweeps in field of wheat in Prince Edward County. Nearby field averaged 70 per 100 sweeps. (Perry, May Pie TURF, PASTURES, RANGELAND MEADOW PLANT BUG (Leptopterna dolabratus) - MISSOURI - Counts on roadside blue- grass averaged 180 per 100 Sweeps in Clinton County and 76 per 100 sweeps in Grundy County. Also collected for first time in Clay, Livingston, and Ray Counties. These are new county records. (Munson). A MEALYBUG (Humococcus caritus) - CALIFORNIA - Infesting Distichlis spicata (saltgrass) at Westmoreland, Imperial County. Collected by R.A. Flock and D, Jones on May 5, 1971. Determined by R.E. Wilkey. This is a new county record. (Gal Coop. Rpt.)). BANKS GRASS MITE (Oligonychus pratensis) - NEVADA - Increasing on Merion bluegrass plots at Sparks, Washoe County. These plots severely damaged before treatments applied in February. (Arnett). A SAWFLY - OREGON - Larvae, probably Dolerus collaris, averaged 14.3 per sweep in 10-year-old planting of fescue near Rosedale, Marion County. About 100 of most heavily infested acres sprayed. Also noted in adjacent planting of fescue, larvae averaged less than one per sweep. (Westcott, Penrose). - 410 - FORAGE LEGUMES ALFALFA WEEVIL (Hypera postica) - NEVADA - Larvae (all stages) ranged 8-100 per sweep in Douglas County alfalfa. Treatments planned. (Martinelli, Munk). Ranged 70-110 per sweep in Lovelock area, Pershing County, with treatments continuing. (Stitt). UTAH - Damage apparent in some Orem and Pleasant Grove alfalfa fields, Utah County. Cold, stormy weather made chemical control difficult, but reduced larval numbers and damage. Fields harvested to stop injury. Stubble control desirable in many places. (Davis, Knowlton). First crop sustained moderate damage in parts of Washington County. (Huber). Adults ranged 10-14 and larvae 500-800 per 10 sweeps at Lindon, Utah County. (Knowlton). WYOMING - Counts per 5 sweeps of alfalfa: Larvae 4-7 in 2 Washakie County fields and adults 2-3 in Hot Springs County field on May 28. (Burkhardt). Adults ranged 0-31 and larvae 0-80 per 10 sweeps in alfalfa in Fremont, Hot Springs, Washakie, Big Horn, and Park Counties. Average per 10 sweeps by county: Fremont, 2 larvae and 15 adults; Hot Springs, 2 larvae and 3 adults; Washakie, 5 larvae and 2 adults; Big Horn, 42 larvae and 7 adults; Park, 11 larvae and 8 adults. Damage evident in 2 Big Horn County fields. Alfalfa 8-30 inches tall with one field blooming in Big Horn County. (Parshall). NEW MEXICO - Damage light to moderate on alfalfa near Los Lunas, Valencia County. Larvae ranged 8-18 and adults 1-2 per 25 sweeps. (Heninger). COLORADO - Larvae ranged 30-90 to 800-850 per 100 sweeps in Weld County alfalfa. Counts up to 5,000 per 100 sweeps in Pueblo County. (Urano, Hantsbarger). OKLAHOMA - H. postica ranged 4-6 adults and 6-10 larvae per 25 sweeps in second- crop alfalfa in Southern Love County. Several adults taken on alfalfa in McIntosh County. These are new county records. Adults damaged second-crop alfalfa in many eastern counties. Heavy in Mayes County, moderate to heavy in Clevealnd County, light and decreasing in Bryan County. Decreasing in Garvin County. Adults ranged up to 10 per 25 sweeps of alfalfa in Caddo and Washita Counties. Adults heavy on alfalfa and vetch in Stephens County and adults and larvae light in alfalfa in Washita and Comanche Counties week ending May 29. Current counts per 10 sweeps averaged 30 adults and 8 larvae in alfalfa in Nowata County, 1 adult and 2 larvae in yellow sweetclover in Craig County. These are new county records. Larvae still heavy in Mayes County; reported moderate in Johnston County, light in Kingfisher County. (Okla. Coop. Sur.). ARKANSAS - Collected on white clover in Arkansas County. This is a new county record. (Dumas, Boyer). MISSOURI - Collected from alfalfa in Andrew, Atchison, Buchanan, Gentry, and Worth Counties. These are new county records. Populations very light in northwest area. (Munson). KENTUCKY - Adults averaged 16 and larvae 100 per 100 sweeps in alfalfa after first cutting in Logan County. (Barnett). NEBRASKA - Following are new county records; Saline (2 larvae); Fillmore (2 larvae); Thayer (2 larvae); Nuckolls (5 larvae); Webster (3 larvae, 1 adult); Franklin (4 larvae, 1 adult); Adams (5 larvae) ; Clay (1 larva); 200 sweeps taken per field (Manglitz, Keith, June 1, 2); Lancaster (4 larvae in 50 sweeps) (Kindler, June 2). In 24 Dawson County fields larvae averaged 27, adults averaged 4 per 100 sweeps. No widespread weevil damage expected. (Manglitz, Keith). ILLINOIS - H. postica continues to increase in northern areas. Area of potential damage considered to be south of U.S. Highway 136; most fields in area either mowed or about to be mowed. Larval averages per 100 sweeps by county: Hancock 750, Warren 500, Grundy 700. Of larvae collected May 18, percent parasitism by Bathyplectes curculionis (an ichneumon) by county: Champaign 78.4, Mason 57.7, Morgan 41.9. (Ill. Ins. Rpt.). INDIANA - Larval damage evident in northern district alfalfa, but noneconomic. This in contrast to central district fields north of Indianapolis where feeding scarce. Alfalfa in northern district in bud stage with occasional blooms, and occasional harvesting observed. (Meyer). OHIO - Eggs per square foot decreased to 75 in Wayne County and less than 10 in Erie County. Larvae per 10 sweeps by county: Clinton 700, Wayne 300, and Erie 260. Damaging populations remain spotty and growers advised to watch all fields. Larval counts per 100 sweeps in 2 untreated fields on same farm in Warren County; 1,200 (damage light) and 4,000 (damage heavy). (Flessel). Larvae feeding south of Columbus in unharvested fields caused extensive damage. Some fields appear completely gray. (Blair). - 411 - PEA APHID (Acyrthosiphon pisum) - UTAH - Moderate on first-crop, and on some second-crop alfalfa in Washington County (Huber); 35-200 per 10 sweeps in Lyndon, Utah County (Knowlton). WYOMING - Ranged 13-35 per 5 sweeps in 2 alfalfa fields in Washakie County on May 28. Trace in Hot Springs County. (Burkhardt). Ranged 1-110 per 10 sweeps of alfalfa in Fremont, Hot Springs, Washakie, Big Horn, and Park Counties. Heaviest counts in Washakie and Big Horn Counties. (Parshall), OKLAHOMA —- Counts per 10 sweeps averaged 350 on alfalfa in Nowata County, 100 on yellow sweetclover in Craig County. (Okla. Coop. Sur.). SOUTH DAKOTA - Generally present in alfalfa in southeast area. Counts of 450 per 100 sweeps in fields near Bereford, Clay County. Lady beetle adults 100 per 100 sweeps. (Kantack). MINNESOTA - Ranged 300-1,200 per 100 sweeps of alfalfa in southwest district; predator counts low. A. pisum ranged trace to 220 per 100 sweeps in south-central, central, and west-central districts. Alfalfa cutting to begin soon, will alleviate problems temporarily. (Minn. Pest Rpt.). WISCONSIN - Increased counts as high as 25 per sweep in many fields of alfalfa. Winged forms increased, few appearing in peas. (Wis. Ins. Sur.). OHIO - Heavy in some northern counties. (Flessel), NEW YORK - Nymphs and adults ranged 15-200 per 100 sweeps of alfalfa in Tompkins County. (N.Y. Wkly. Rpt.). BEET ARMYWORM (Spodoptera exigua) - ARIZONA - Larvae averaged 5 per 100 sweeps of alfalfa in Yuma Valley, Yuma County. (Ariz. Coop. Sur.). ALFALFA CATERPILLAR (Colias eurytheme) - NEW MEXICO - Larvae ranged 20-30 per 25 sweeps of alfalfa near Springer, Colfax County. (Mathews). LYGUS BUGS (Lygus spp.) - ARIZONA - Averaged 400 per 100 sweeps of alfalfa in Yuma Valley, Yuma County. (Ariz. Coop. Sur.). WYOMING - Adults and nymphs ranged 1-3 per 5 sweeps of alfalfa in Washakie and Hot Springs Counties on May 28. (Burkhardt), Adults and nymphs ranged 3-16 per 10 sweeps of alfalfa in Fremont, Hot Springs, Washakie, Big Horn, and Park Counties. (Parshall). NEW MEXICO - Counts per 25 sweeps: Los Lunas, Valencia County, 15-30 and Springer, Colfax County, 3-8. (Heninger, Mathews). WISCONSIN - L. lineolaris (tarnished plant bug) nymphs as high as 50 per sweep in alfalfa in Sauk City area. Combination of nymphs and dry weather caused plants to appear wilted. (Wis. Ins. Sur.). MEADOW SPITTLEBUG (Philaneus spumarius) - OHIO - Nymphs 0.5-0.7 per stem. Most nymphs per stem for Several years and fairly common statewide. (Flessel). KENTUCKY - Adults averaged 48 per 100 sweeps of alfalfa in Logan County. (Barnett). FALSE CHINCH BUGS (Nysius spp.) - OKLAHOMA - Very heavy in alfalfa in Harper and Grant Counties; controls planned. Heavy in Cotton County, moderate in Kingfisher County. (Okla. Coop. Sur.). PEANUTS GRANULATE CUTWORM (Feltia subterranea) - FLORIDA - Larvae very heavy May 26 around marginal areaS of experimental 2-acre field at Gainesville, Alachua County. Heaviest population probably moved from recently harvested lupine nearby. Determined by D.H. Habeck. (Strayer). COTTON BOLL WEEVIL (Anthonomus grandis) - TEXAS - In McLennan and Falls Counties, weevils averaged 5 (maximum 62) per acre in 4 of 42 treated fields; averaged 55 (maximum 1,125) per acre in 7 of 25 untreated fields. One taken on flight Screen, total to date 14, Total of 371 in pheromone-baited wing traps, total to date 1,902. (Cowan et al.). LOUISIANA - In Madison Parish, collected 165 weevils from 20 nonsticky traps and 230 from 4 sticky traps; total to date 1,707. Collected 242 weevils from 10 wing traps near ground trash sites; total to date 815. From 126 wing traps 93 weevils recovered on isalnd in Mississippi River; total to date 248. (Cleveland et al.). MISSISSIPPI - Weevils collected from pheromone-baited wing traps by county: Washington 1, Bolivar 372. Temperature range 50°-92°F, (Pfrimmer et al.). ALABAMA - Weevil counts per acre on 4 farms by county: - 412 - Covington 185, 116, 146, 24; Monroe 50, 50, 0, 0; Shelby 58, 0, 0, 0; Calhoun and Marshall zero on 8 farms. (Pike et al.). TENNESSEE - Some overwintered weevils feeding in terminal buds in southern tier of counties. More expected as weather warms. (Locke). BOLLWORMS (Heliothis spp.) - TEXAS - In McLennan and Falls Counties, larvae taken on various hosts identified 157 H. zea and 1 H. virescens. Total to date from all hosts 919 H. zea and 22 H. virescens. (Cowan et al.). THRIPS (Frankliniella spp.) - NEW MEXICO - Deforming foliage in most of cotton checked in Chaves County. Counts 0-6 per leaf. (Mathews). TEXAS - In McLennan and Falls Counties, counts light in 30,medium in 5, and heavy in 1 of 42 treated fields. Light in 10, medium in 10, and heavy in 5 of 25 untreated fields. (Cowan et al.). MISSISSIPPI - In delta counties, thrips, primarily F. fusca (tobacco thrips), heavy on cotton. (Pfrimmer et al.). TOBACCO TOBACCO FLEA BEETLE (Epitrix hirtipennis) - KENTUCKY - Light numbers damaged plants in tobacco beds in Todd County. (Barnett). TENNESSEE - Light to moderate (4-10 per plant) in fields surveyed. Controls underway in many fields, but not effective in some cases. (Gordon). MARYLAND - Feeding damage light in newly planted fields in St. Marys County. Adults ranged 1-3 per plant in heaviest infested fields. (U. Md., Ent. Dept.). WIREWORMS - KENTUCKY - Damaged tobacco in plant beds in Todd County. (Barnett). SUGAR BEETS SUGARBEET ROOT MAGGOT (Tetanops myopaeformis) - NORTH DAKOTA - In Walsh County, 90 percent pupated and 80 percent of adults emerged. Pupation 75 percent and emergence 30 percent in Pembina County. Adults migrated into new beet fields and eggs present. Beets in 2 to 4-leaf stage. (Kaatz, Callenbach). COLORADO - Adults emerging in Larimer and Weld Counties. (Jenkins). WYOMING - Adults 8-12 per trap in Powell area, Park County, May 27. More males than females. Marked increase in fly activity expected with warmer weather. Mating continues with some females having high numbers of eggs developed. Oviposition probably begun. Several fields in Washakie County with adult activity. Numbers light. (Burkhardt). Adults also in sugar beet fields of Hot Springs and Big Horn Counties. (Parshall). BEET WEBWORM (Loxostege sticticalis) - WYOMING - Few moths active in Fremont, Hot Springs, WaShakie, Big Horn, and Park Counties. (Parshall). UTAH - Moths in blacklight traps at Ogden, Weber County, and at Logan, Cache County. (Knowlton, Davis). GREEN PEACH APHID (Myzus persicae) - WASHINGTON - Abundant on volunteer diseased Sugar beets in tare piles in Walla Walla County. (Landis). MISCELLANEOUS FIELD CROPS REDBACKED CUTWORM (Euxoa ochrogaster) - WASHINGTON - Serious in 20 acres of mint near Royal Camp, Grant County. (Klostermeyer). POTATOES, TOMATOES, PEPPERS COLORADO POTATO BEETLE (Leptinotarsa decemlineata) - UTAH -— More numerous than normal in infested northern areaS. Common on early potatoes in Weber and Box Elder Counties. Numerous on potatoes at West Point, Davis County. (Knowlton, Knighton). Infested tomato plants, often before potatoes emerged in Weber, Box Elder, Davis, and Cache Counties. (Knowlton et al.). TENNESSEE - Adults and immatures on potatoes in several central areas; damage very minor, controls effective. (Gordon). SOUTH CAROLINA - All stages observed, damage moderate on 2 acres of tomatoes in Richland County. (Ezell). KENTUCKY - Light on potatoes in - 413 - Warren County. (Barnett). MARYLAND - Adults laying eggs in most fields of potatoes in Somerset and Worcester Counties. Second and third instars present in many unsprayed fields. (U. Md., Ent. Dept.). DELAWARE - Adults, eggs, and early larvae common on potatoes in Kent County. (Burbutis, Lesiewicz). BEANS AND PEAS BEAN LEAF BEETLE (Cerotoma trifurcata) - ALABAMA - Adult feeding severe on leaves of commercial lima beans and in gardens in Jefferson County. (Johns). CUCURBITS STRAWBERRY SPIDER MITE (Tetranychus turkestani) - ARIZONA - Few cantaloup fields treated at Yuma, Yuma County. (Ariz. Coop. Sur.). GENERAL VEGETABLES ASPARAGUS BEETLE (Crioceris asparagi) - MICHIGAN - Adults of this species and C. duodecimpunctata (Spotted asparagus beetle) present in potentially damaging Numbers in most fields. First-generation larvae must be controlled to prevent large buildups in fern after harvest. (Cress). NEW JERSEY - C. duodecimpunctata still plentiful on brush and spears in southern counties. (Ins.-Dis. Newslitr.). SWEETPOTATO FLEA BEETLE (Chaetocnema confinis) - ALABAMA - Adults widespread and heavy in 10 acres of young Sweetpotatoes in Tuscaloosa County. Feeding caused heavy etching of leaves. (Pitts). CABBAGE MAGGOT (Hylemya brassicae) - RHODE ISLAND - Heavy on spring radishes in Providence County June 1. (Field). NATIONAL WEATHER SERVICE'S 30-DAY OUTLOOK JUNE 1971 The National Weather Service's 30-day outlook for June is for temperatures to average above seasonal normals in New England, the Pacific Northwest, the central and southern Plains, and the gulf coast region. Below normal averages are indicated for southern and central portions of both the intermountain region and the Pacific coast and also from the northern Plains to the upper Great Lakes and in the South Atlantic Coast States. Elsewhere near normal temperatures are in prospect. Precipitation is expected to exceed normal over the northern and central Plains and west of the Divide, except for near to below normal in the Northwest and in portions of the southern Plateau. Subnormal totals are indicated for the gulf coast region and the Tennessee Valley. In unspecified areas near normal precipi- tation is expected. Weather forecast given here is based on the official 30-day "Resume and Outlook" published twice a month by the National Weather Service. You can subscribe through the Superintendent of Documents, Washington, D.C. 20250. Price $5.00 a year. - 414 - DECIDUOUS FRUITS AND NUTS CODLING MOTH (Laspeyresia pomonella) - WASHINGTON - Eggs laid May 4, hatched May 25 at Yakima, Yakima County. (Johnson). OREGON - Hatching of first-generation eggs retarded due to cold weather in Medford area, Jackson County. Eggs first noted May 18; most in "red-ringed" stage June 2. (Gentner) . Pheromone traps indicate adults peaked in apple orchards at Hood River, Hood River County. (Zwick). UTAH - Flight on warm evenings in Weber County Since May 25, and in Cache County since May 26. (Davis, Gerber). MISSOURI - First larval entries in Red Delicious apples in unsprayed orchards in southeast and central areas week ending May 28. Larvae currently in apple fruit in central and southeast areas in unsprayed plantings. (Craig). MICHIGAN - Moths in emergence cages and experimental sexlure traps throughout southwest area Since May 28. Eggs deposited within 2-3 days of emergence; hatch in 8-14 days. (Thompson) . ORIENTAL FRUIT MOTH (Grapholitha molesta) - MISSOURI - Heavy on unsprayed peaches in southwest and east-central areas, light in central and west-central areas week ending May 28. Larvae currently in terminals in sprayed and unsprayed apple plantings in central areas. (Craig). MICHIGAN - First moths in pheromone traps May 26 to June 2. (Thompson). UTAH - Moths still coming to bait pots in Pleasant Grove, Orem, and Linden area, but fewer than earlier; peak past. (Davis, Barlow). LESSER PEACHTREE BORER (Synanthedon pictipes) - MICHIGAN - First pupal cases found in Berrien County peach orchard May 28. Peak emergence normally occurs mid to late June. (Thompson) . PEACH TWIG BORER (Anarsia lineatella) - WASHINGTON - Adults appeared May 24 at Wenatchee, Chelan County. (Anthon) . REDBANDED LEAFROLLER (Argyrotaenia velutinana) - NEW YORK - Moths heavy, totaled 175 in 20 pheromone traps in Clinton County May 16-21. (N.Y, Wkly. Rpt.). PLUM CURCULIO (Conotrachelus nenuphar) - PENNSYLVANIA - Adults on apple in Centre County; no cutting noted on small fruits May 31. (Gesell). CONNECTICUT - Adults observed at New Haven and Storrs. Activity should increase with rising tempera- tures. (Savos, June 1). WHITE PEACH SCALE (Pseudaulacaspis pentagona) - FLORIDA - Difficult to find on commereial peaches but common on unsprayed experimental peaches at Gainesville, Alachua County; second generation mainly in first sedentary stage; some eggs and crawlers still present June 3. (Kuitert). OYSTERSHELL SCALE (Lepidosaphes ulmi) - WISCONSIN - Eggs hatching, crawlers active on apple in northern Grant County June 2. (Wis. Ins. Sur.) APPLE MEALYBUG (Phenacoccus aceris) - CALIFORNIA - Heavy on cotoneaster and pyracantha shrubs at Mt. Shasta, Siskiyou County. Collected by Ralph Richards, May 25, 1971. Determined by G,M, Buxton, confirmed by R.F, Wilkey. This is a new State record. (Cal. Coop. Rpt.). PEAR PSYLLA (Psylla pyricola) - WASHINGTON - Overlapping first and second genera-— tions noted. Infestations very heavy in Yakima Valley, much honeydew on fruit, buds, branches, and leaders where orchards unsprayed or sprayed after first summer-generation eggs hatched. Natural control not satisfactory. (Johnson, Gregorich) . EUROPEAN APPLE SAWFLY (Hoplocampa testudinea) - CONNECTICUT - Single adult col- lected June 1 at Storrs. Larvae active at New Haven and Storrs. (Savos). CALIFORNIA PEARSLUG (Pristiphora abbreviata) - WASHINGTON - Light to serious damage observed on lower third of trees in pear orchards throughout Yakima Valley; increased over last year. (Johnson). COUNTIES ENTIRELY GOLORED ARE G COUNTIES PARTIALLY COLORED ARE QE) GEveRALLY INFESTED AREA - STA aes] SUPPRESSIVE AREA - STATE AND STATE REGULATIONS ONLY - SUP: YMA, xpxvr087eD - REGULATIONS REM RESTRICTIONS ARE IMPOSED ON MOVEME FROM A REGULATED AREA AS FOLLOWS: 1. RED INTO OR THROUGH 2.GREEN INTO OR THRO 3.GREEN INTO GREEN. 4. WITHIN GREEN.° 5. BLUE INTO ANY orHen | FLORIDA ° IF ITIS DETERMINED BY THE INSPECT eo IF REQUIRED BY STATE REGULATIONS PINK BOLLWORM QUARANTINES U.S. DEPARTMENT OF AGRIC ULTURE AGRICULTURAL RESEARCH SERVICE PLANT PROTECTION DIVISION COOPERATING WITH AFFECTED STATES MY YY i =| Gg - ‘. je oe = f ‘ 4 Yee Y COUNTIES ENTIRELY COLORED ARE COMPLETELY REGULATED, as COUNTIES PARTIALLY GOLORED ARE PARTIALLY REGULATED. = i (ER) GEvERALLY INFESTED AREA - STATE AND FEDERAL REGULATIONS. [ERSN)«s suppressive AREA - STATE AND FEDERAL REGULATIONS. STATE REGULATIONS ONLY - SUPPRESSIVE AREA. VJ ERADICATED - REGULATIONS REMOVED, RESTRICTIONS ARE IMPOSED ON MOVEMENT OF REGULATED ARTICLES FROM A REGULATED AREA AS FOLLOWS: CONSULT YOUR STATE OR FEDERAL PLANT PROTECTION INSPECTOR OR YOUR COUNTY 1. RED INTO OR THROUGH GREEN, BLUE OR WHITE. AGENT FOR ASSISTANCE REGARDING EXACT AREAS UNDER REGULATION AND REQUIREMENTS 2.GREEN INTO OR THROUGH BLUE OR WHITE. FOR MOVING REGULATED ARTICLES. 3.GREEN INTO GREEN. 4. WITHIN GREEN.° 5.BLUE INTO ANY OTHER AREA. ° IF ITIS DETERMINED BY THE INSPECTOR THAT A HAZARD OF SPREAD EXISTS. ° * IF REQUIRED BY STATE REGULATIONS OR BY AN AUTHORIZED INSPECTOR. REVISED MARCH 17, 1971 *petstTyzou os ueeq sey joazeuy uotssessod ut uoszed oyq pue WIOMTTOG yUTd 9uy JO peeads gO pxzezeuq e juesead Asy. 7eUu3 TOJZDedsuT ue Aq pouTUIeZEp STE 9T uoum ‘oaoge oyg Aq pezevod you ‘ZeAeOS,eUM ZaqVo.eTEeYO fue Jo souefaauod fo sueew ro ‘saTotTgae *sqyonpoad azey,0 Auy °2T *SATSNTOUT CT yore oF [T Aenuere fo potzed 3yq BZutanp poeonpord gt ATUO ydmexe st eLULOSTTeD 04 poeusTtsuCD BIO 98U4 Jdeoxe ‘SaATSNTOUT SGT AeW 09 T rTeqmaoeq potzed 34u9 Zutmp peonpoad jt ydwexe st eryO aTqtpy *eIyO UseZOTy IO pouusod qde0xo sqgueTd yons jo sqaed [Te Sutpntout ‘jJeuey pue eIyO ‘IT *queud tbs [TTT [TTO u09 700 pue Sutuuts uo9400 pesn pue yuemdtTnbe SuTyseaArey uozZ700 pesn “OT °u09900 Zoy sazeddezm posn 18ujZO pue ButTsseq pesn °6 *Yysery UTS u07z}0D °g °700F OTqnd red spunod gz jo WMITUTM B OF pesserdmod JT ydwexe st S4SsemM JoueeTO QUT] “STITM eTT}xE4 04400 - 415 - EUROPEAN RED MITE (Panonychus ulmi) - VERMONT - Slow hatch continues. (Nielsen, June 1). MASSACHUSETTS - Second-generation eggs deposited on apple foliage in Hampshire County. (Jensen). CONNECTICUT - Eggs numerous on foliage in New Haven. (Savos, June 1). WASHINGTON - Summer generation noted on apple foliage May 26 at Pomona, Yakima County. (Gregorich). PECAN NUT CASEBEARER (Acrobasis caryae) - OKLAHOMA - First eggs found May 21 in Madill area, Marshall County. By May 27, one orchard in area 6-10 percent infested with eggs. Eggs light in Atoka County on May 24, 1 egg found in Love County on May 25, and 2 in Jefferson County on May 27. Overwintered larvae still heavy in Mayes County pecans May 22. No eggs found in Payne and Hughes Counties May 29. Light numbers of white eggs found May 31 in Creek County, white and pink eggs in Lincoln County, mostly white eggs in Tulsa County. On June 1, white eggs ranged up to 5 percent in scattered areas of Tulsa County, averaged less than 1 percent in Atoka County; white and few pink eggs found in Payne County. On June 2, pink eggs averaged 4 percent in western Tulsa County, white eggs 6 percent in eastern Payne County. On June 3, mostly white eggs ranged 2-6 percent in Craig and Nowata Counties. (Okla. Coop. Sur.). PECAN SPITTLEBUG (Clastoptera achatina) - ALABAMA - Nymphs heavy, 1-2 per twig, and widespread first week of May in Mobile County in commercial pecan orchards. Limited controls applied. (Deakle). CITRUS CITRUS THRIPS (Scirtothrips citri) - ARIZONA - Treatments underway in nurseries and groves at Yuma, Yuma County. Heavy in residential home plantings in Salt River Valley in Maricopa County. (Ariz. Coop. Sur.). CITRUS RED MITE (Panonychus citri) - ARIZONA - Up to 20 per leaf in few lemon groves at Yuma, Yuma County. mats, (COC), Sires) 2 CARMINE SPIDER MITE (Tetranychus cinnabarinus) - ARIZONA - Found in several groves at Yuma, Yuma County. (Ariz. Coop. Sur.). SMALL FRUITS GRAPE BERRY MOTH (Paralobesia viteana) - MICHIGAN - Newly emerged moths first taken in pheromone traps June 2, (Thompson). UTAH - Observed in "Dixie" area vineyards of Washington County. (Huber). WESTERN GRAPE LEAF SKELETONIZER (Harrisina brillians) - UTAH - Larvae in "Dixie" area vineyards of Washington County. Moths still numerous. (Huber, Knowlton). A SAP BEETLE (Stelidota geminata) - MICHIGAN - Adults first found in woodlots bordering Berrien County Strawberry plantings May 28. More numerous at Special baiting stations since May 30. Once established in planting, eradication difficult. (Thompson). A PSYLLID (Trioza tripunctata) - FLORIDA - Early nymphs stunting and distorting leaves of blackberry locally at Samsula, Volusia County, May 18, 1971. (Pott). This is a new county record. (Fla. Coop. Sur.). A STRAWBERRY SAWFLY (Empria maculata) - NORTH DAKOTA - Larval damage evident on 100 percent of strawberry plants in home garden in Cass County. Populations averaged 1 larva per plant with up to 4 shotholes per leaf. (Brandvik). ORNAMENTALS BAGWORM (Thyridopteryx ephemeraeformis) - KENTUCKY - First hatch of season observed in Warren County on Juniperus spp. (Barnett). *petitTjzou os useq sey joerey4y uotssassod ut uoszed 3u} pue WIOMTTOG yutd ou so peoads jo pzrezey e yuesomd Aayy 38U} IoJZoedsUT Ue £q peutTuzszep ST 4T ueum Soaoge ayy Aq peteaod you *JSASOSZSUM TaqZoereyo fue Jo vousfeaauod Jo suvew IO ‘seToTyre ‘sqyonpord zsey3z0 kay= *et *SATSNTOUT GT YoTeW 07 T ATenuer jo potsed sy4 SuTimp psonporzd gt ATUo ydmexe st eTULOSTTeD 03 PeusTsuoo eIIO 7eUi Jdeoxe ‘aaTsnToUT ST ABW 09 T tTequedaq potzed e443 Zutaimp peonpoid jt ydulexe ST eyo sTqTtpa *eIyO UezZOTy IO pouueo qdeoxe sqjueTd yons jo sqyzed [[e Burpntout ‘jfeuexZ pue BeIHO “TT *queudtnbs [TTT [TO u0jzW400 pue SuTuUTs u04jz00 pesn pue yuoumdtnbe Sutysearey u04z40D peasy “OT *u09900 ZoJ szeddeim pesn 28yuyO pue Butsseq pesn °6 *yseiy UTS u0j}0D = °g *qyooF} OtTqnd zed spunod zz jo UMITUTM B@ OF pessormdmod jt ydulexe ST 84SemM JoeUBeTO 4UTT *STT Tm eT Tt yxXe} 404400 pue ‘ST[TTU [TO peesuojjoo ‘suTs 09400 4e peonpoud aqsem 04400 °°), *queudtyus IOs aseyoed eTZuts e UT PeTquesse oq Aew sotdmeg *yqdmexs are OeZTS oper Tensn 9344 JO siaeqUTT 01900 jo seTdues *qOOJ OTqnd sed spunod 22 JO wMUTUTU eB 04 pessoerdmod JT ydwexse sze sz3eqUTT *sZeqUuTT u0990D °9 *quoud tus IOI aBeyoed s[TZuts &@ uT peTquesse oq Aew soTdwes suy *qduwexe ore OeZTS aper4 [Tensn 944 JO 4UTT u04900 jo soTdues *poutequTeW ST JUTT 04309 peTeq ey} Jo ATWQUSPT 244 peptaodd SSZutuut# roy eere peyseyut ATTexrseues 347 03% PeAOCW. puw BSIe SATSSemddns 3y4 UT PsdNpord uo 40d poses WOTS ST QUTT 844 IT 4ydmexe st eorze satsserddns 3y4 o4UT Borie peqsesut ATTeleues ou. worl SuTAoW 4UTT 09400 peTeg "3003 OTqnd zed spunod 22 JO UNUTUTU & 04 pesssmdmod IT ydwMexe ST QUTT 09900 peTeg *qUTT 009309 °G *STIny peesuozjoD = *t *peesuoji0) «°F "u03409 pess °Z *squeTd yons jo sqaed [Te SuTpnyTout ‘uozq0D pTTA pue u07z30D °T *CELVOIGNE SV iddOXa GNNOU-HVAA LIWGSd YO SLVOLILINGD WV FVINOAY SFIOLINVY GALVINDAM DNIMOTION FHL - 416 - HOLLYHOCK WEEVIL (Apion longirostre) - VIRGINIA - Adults collected on hollyhock in Wythe, Bland, and Pulaski Counties. These are new county records. (Allen). FOREST AND SHADE TREES EUROPEAN PINE SHOOT MOTH (Rhyacionia buoliana) - OREGON - Detected for first time at Pendleton, Umatilla County. Nearest known infestation in Hermiston and McNary Dam area, about 25 miles to northwest. Record based on single larva collected from 4-foot mugho pine April 18 by W. Depney. Determined by L. Kline, confirmed by R.L. Westcott. Additional surveys and corrective meaSures underway. (Kline, Westcott). Survey of all nurseries in Portland area and Willamette Valley complete. (Larson et al.). NEW YORK - Larvae in shoots of mugho pine in Ithaca area, Tompkins County. (N.Y. Wkly. Rpt.). NANTUCKET PINE TIP MOTH (Rhyacionia frustrana) - MISSOURI - Collected from mugho pine at New Madrid, New Madrid County, by R. Thompson. This is a new county record. (Munson) . SPRUCE BUDWORM (Choristoneura fumiferana) - MICHIGAN - Larvae out of hibernaculae and mining buds north of St. Ignace in Mackinac County. (Wallner). SOUTHERN PINE BEETLE (Dendroctonus frontalis) - NORTH CAROLINA - Infesting pines in Carteret, Onslow, Rowan, Durham, Davidson, and Rutherford Counties; only known serious problems in New Bern area and in Davidson and Rowan Counties. (N.C, For. Pest Newsltr.). APHIDS - WISCONSIN - Mindarus abietinus (balsam twig aphid) very heavy on balsam fir Christmas trees at site in southern Dane County. Severe distortion of twigs occurring. Reproduction of Cinara strobi (white pine aphid) continues heavy at some Dane County sites. Concentrations heaviest on tips of 1970 growth; many moving onto 1971 shoots. Ants tending many colonies; lady beetle larvae and syrphid larvae preying on some colonies. (Wis. Ins. Sur.). MICHIGAN - Eulachnus agilis nymphs heavy on Scotch pine in Oceana County. (Stebbins, Wallner). Increasing, will cause severe browning and thinning of foliage. (Sauer). PINE SPITTLEBUG (Aphrophora parallela) - DELAWARE - Very common on small loblolly pines in Sussex County. (Burbutis, Lesiewicz). KENTUCKY - Problem on pine trees in McCracken County. (Barnett). MINNESOTA - Some early instar nymphs observed on various pines in central area May 30. (Minn. Pest Rpt.). CONIFER SAWFLIES (Neodiprion spp.) - NEW YORK - N. sertifer (European pine sawfly) eggs hatched in Ithaca area, Tompkins County. Some injury on mugho pine. (N.Y. Wkly. Rpt., June 1). KENTUCKY - N, taedae linearis larvae infested 60 percent of loblolly and shortleaf pines in McCracken County; defoliation 75 percent. (Barnett). NORTH CAROLINA - Infestations of N. pratti pratti scattered over Piedmont area; light in Caswell, Person, Alamance, and northern Granville Coun- ties; moderate in northern Alamance County. Egg samples taken during winter and recent aerial surveys indicate slight reduction in populations. (N.C, For. Pest Newsltr.). FOREST TENT CATERPILLAR (Malacosoma disstria) - MONTANA - Larvae heavy in green ash trees and surrounding areas in Billings, Yellowstone County. (Pratt). WYOMING - Heavy on aSh and elm in Worland, Washakie County. Many trees treated. (Petersen, Parshall). KENTUCKY - Pupating on maples in McLean County; defoliation 50 percent on infested trees. (Barnett). NEW HAMPSHIRE - One colony in second instar noted at Madison, Carroll County. (Morse). CARPENTERWORM (Prionoxystus robiniae) - SOUTH DAKOTA - Heavily damaged and destroyed shelterbelt plantings of green ash and Siberian elm near Meadow in eastern Perkins County. Infestations light, less than 10 percent, in green ash on ce ee Reservoir Recreation Area in northeastern Perkins County. (McKnight, May 28). - 417 - CANKERWORMS - TENNESSEE - Paleacrita vernata (spring cankerworm) defoliated elms in Davidson County. (Williams). WEST VIRGINIA - Alsophila pometaria (fall canker- worm) larval damage moderate on maples in Wood County noted June 1, (W. Va. Ins. Sur.). COTTONWOOD LEAF BEETLE (Chrysomela scripta) - TENNESSEE - Defoliated willows in many eastern and central counties. Some native willows died as result of defoli- ation in 1970. (Gordon, Williams). MAPLE PETIOLE BORER (Caulocampus acericaulis) - TENNESSEE - Damaged maples in Knox, Loudon, and Davidson Counties; infestation very heavy. (Ponchillia, Williams). MAN AND ANIMALS MOSQUITOES - VERMONT - Severe in some locations including New Haven and Salisbury. (Nielsen, June 1). KENTUCKY - First-generation adults of Aedes sollicitans (saltmarsh mosquito) reached peak May 29 in Hopkins County. (Barnett). MINNESOTA - A, vexans in 50 percent of 656 larval collections made week ending May 29. Warm weather June 1-4 accelerated development of present brood. First pupae found June 2; pupation about complete June 6. Adult emergence began June 2; widespread by June 7. Annoyance will increase after June 10. Over 30,000 acres of breeding sites treated in Minneapolis and St. Paul area since April 1. Light trap counts very low. (Minn. Pest Rpt.). UTAH - A. dorsalis adults moderate on lakeshore areas, spotty elsewhere in western Weber County. Culex tarsalis larvae more numerous, A. nigromaculis larvae generl in Kanesville area. (Fronk). NEVADA - Heavy numbers of Aedes spp. adults emerged in localized areas along Humboldt River, Elko County. Treatments planned. (Peters, Wallace). HORN FLY (Haematobia irritans) - OKLAHOMA - Heavy on cattle in Garvin County and moderate in Craig, Cherokee, and Cleveland Counties week ending May 29. Heavy on cattle in Cotton County, moderate in Hughes County week ending June 4. (Okla. Coop. Sur.). NEBRASKA - Ranged 20-30 per animal in Red Willow, Furnas, Frontier, and Lincoln Counties. (Campbell). WYOMING - Ranged 10-60 per head of cattle on 2 herds in Washakie County. (Parshall). STABLE FLY (Stomoxys calcitrans) - OKLAHOMA - Averaged 4 per head on untreated dairy cattle in Payne County week ending May 29. Decreased on dairy cattle checked in county week ending June 4; averaged less than 1 per head. (Okla. Coop. Sur.). WISCONSIN - Light annoyance to cattle reported from Sauk, Juneau, and Polk Coun- ties. (Wis. Ins. Sur.). SCREWWORM (Cochliomyia hominivorax) - Total of 4 cases reported in U.S. May 30 to June 5 as follows: TEXAS - Edwards, Hidalgo, Kinney, Real. Total of 61 laboratory-confirmed cases reported in portion of Barrier Zone in Republic of Mexico as follows: Sonora 8, Chihuahua 13, Coahuila 8, Nuevo Leon 11, Tamaulipas 21. Total of 38 cases reported in Mexico south of Barrier Zone. Barrier Zone is area where eradication operation underway to prevent establishment of self- sustaining population in U.S. Sterile screwworm flies released: Texas 42,898,000; Arizona 3,310,000; Mexico 102,468,000. (Anim. Health Div.). FACE FLY (Musca autumnalis) - VERMONT - Populations decreased on livestock. (Nielsen, June 1). UTAH - Active in Ogden area of Weber County and near Logan, Cache County. (Knowlton) . SHEEP KED (Melophagus ovinus) - UTAH - Moderate on range Sheep throughout Beaver County. (Esplin). A NOSE BOT FLY (Cephenemyia jellisoni) - OKLAHOMA - Adult activity noted in Cherokee County about May 25. (Okla. Coop. Sur.). A LOUSE FLY (Lipoptena mazamae) - OKLAHOMA - Ranged 25-50 per head on fawns checked in Cherokee County. (Okla. Coop. Sur.). - 418 - A BLISTER BEETLE (Hornia minutipennis) - OKLAHOMA - Three dead specimens collected from cells of a bee (probably nthophora occidentalis) nesting in dirt bank under bridge in Osage County. This is a new county record. (Okla. Coop. Sur.). TICK SURVEILLANCE - Survey throughout the U.S, is to show seasonal distribution of potential vectors and hosts of livestock diseases, and to detect exotic species. Some of the more interesting determinations for May were as follows: Otobius megnini (ear tick) - TEXAS - bovine; COLORADO - bovine; OKLAHOMA - bovine. Amblyomma cajennense (Cayenne tick) - TEXAS - bovine. Dermacentor andersoni (Rocky Mountain wood tick) - OREGON - man, bovine, equine; MONTANA — equine; WASHINGTON - bovine; COLORADO - canine. (Anim. Health Div.). HARDBACKED TICKS - SOUTH CAROLINA - Rhipicephalis sanguineus (brown dog tick) moderate in wooded areas in Pickens County with heavy populations in certain areas. (Fleming). TEXAS - Quarantines for eo spp. (cattle ticks) issued for total of 52 premises during February tick outbreak. During March, April, and May, additional premises infested in Cameron County. During April, one premise infested in Hidalgo County. (Anim. Health Div.). See CEIR 21(15):235. (PPD). OKLAHOMA - Amblyomma americanum (lone star tick) moderate to heavy on cattle, dogs, man, and in lawns in Mayes, Cherokee, and Marshall Counties week ending May 29. Currently continues very abundant in Cherokee County; larvae appearing. Moderate on cattle in Hughes County. (Okla. Coop. Sur.). UTAH - Dermacentor andersoni (Rocky Moun- tain wood tick) infested humans or their clothing in Logan Canyon, Cache County, and Parleys Canyon, Salt Lake County, recently. (Knowlton). MONTANA - D. andersoni adults 38 in 25 steps pulling sack in range grass and 22 in brushy area in Meagher County. (Pratt, May 28). HOUSEHOLDS AND STRUCTURES INDIAN MEAL MOTH (Plodia interpunctella) - NEVADA - Light in candy and nuts in market at Las Vegas, Clark County. (Barton). BROWN SPIDER BEETLE (Ptinus clavipes) - IOWA - Collected in Dallas County June 2, This is a new county record. (Iowa Ins. Sur.). RUSTIC BORER (Xylotrechus colonus) - WEST VIRGINIA - Collected in basement of home in Wyoming County, May 25, 1971. This is a new county record. (W. Va. Ins. Sur.). BENEFICIAL INSECTS LADY BEETLES - TENNESSEE - Adults.and immatures 20-60 per 20 sweeps observed in small grain fields resulting in low populations of aphids. (Gordon). OKLAHOMA - Hippodamia convergens (convergent lady beetle), mostly adults, ranged O-5 per plant in young corn in Garvin County and 0-2 per plant in Johnston County. Occasional Scymnus sp. adult also seen in Johnston County. (Okla. Coop. Sur., May 29). KANSAS - H. convergens adults averaged 1 per 10 plants in field of 6-inch sorghum in Shawnee County. (Bell). WYOMING - Unspecified adults ranged 5-6 per 5 sweeps in 2 alfalfa fields in Washakie County (Burkhardt); 0-13 per 10 sweeps of alfalfa in Fremont, Hot Springs, Washakie, Big Horn, and Park Counties (Parshall). AN ICHNEUMON (Bathyplectes curculionis) - WYOMING - Adults 2-3 per 5 sweeps of alfalfa in Hot Springs County field. (Burkhardt). KENTUCKY - Parasitized 4 of 56 Hypera postica (alfalfa weevil) larvae taken in Warren County, none of 16 larvae from Lincoln County, 9 of 20 larvae from Fayette County, and 3 of 96 larvae from Hardin County. (Barnett). WISCONSIN - Percent parasitism of H. postica adults and See saree. Grant 36, Lafayette 46, Green 15, Rock 33, and Iowa 12. (Wis. ns. Sur.). BRACONIDS - ILLINOIS - Parasitism of Acyrthosiphon pisum (pea aphid) by Lyciphlebus sp. and Praon sp. 41 percent. First time Praon sp. haS appeared this year. (Ill. Ins. Rpt.). - 419 - A PHYTOSEIID MITE (Metaseiulus occidentalis) - WASHINGTON - This predator observed effectively controlling Tetranychus mcdanieli (McDaniel spider mite) on apples at Selah, Yakima County, May 26. (Gregorich) . FEDERAL AND STATE PLANT PROTECTION PROGRAMS CEREAL LEAF BEETLE (Qulema melanopus) - MICHIGAN - Second to third instars 4 and eggs 3 per plant on unsprayed oats near Galien, Berrien County. Oats in jointing stage, and field will be badly damaged shortly. Larva 1 per 10 stems in adjacent wheat in heading stage. Feeding damage negligible. (Webster, Smith). INDIANA - Egg and larval counts in oats north of U.S. Highway 30 in northeast district still low; eggs and larvae averaged 2 per linear foot of row. (Denton, Meyer). OHIO - Larvae noneconomic on wheat in Tuscarawas County and light on oats and wheat in Wayne County. (Treece). Eggs averaged 51 per square foot, larvae 25 per sweep, and adults 311 per 100 sweeps of oats, Adult and larval feeding on 100 percent of plants checked in Logan County, Eggs averaged 43 per square foot, larvae 195 and adults 53 per 100 sweeps of oats. Yield loss estimated at 4 percent in Miami County. (Forrester). Larvae ranged 3-8 per stem, estimated 10 percent yield reduction in Pike County. (Wheeler). Occasional larvae on wheat, ranged 1-7 per stem of oats in Pickaway County. Field edges appear gray due to feeding. (Blair). PENNSYLVANIA — First and second instars common on oats in eastern counties; 50 per 100 sweeps near Enon Valley gar cia nates and Lawrence Counties. Some farmers treated infested fields May 28. (Adams). Approximately 19,000 Anaphes flavipes (a mymarid wasp) released at 11 sites in 8 counties June a (Eckess) . TENNESSEE - Extensive surveys in Campbell, Claiborne, Fentress, Pickett, Clay, Macon, Overton, Cumberland, and Chester Counties negative. (PPD). ILLINOIS - Adult collected on oats in Bond County by L. Niggli on May 24, larvae and adult in Jefferson County by J.E. Schafer and Crippen on May 25, larvae in Washington County by J.E. Schafer on May 26, larvae in Cass County by R. Denney on May 25, 1971. INDIANA - Larvae collected on oats in Clinton County by J.C, Larson on May 28. KENTUCKY - Larvae collected on oats in Daviess and Ohio Counties May 26, Butler County May 25, and Hancock County May 25, 1971, by W.A. Smith. MARYLAND - Adult on oats in Baltimore County by L. Selmon May 28, 1971. Determinations by R.E. White. These are new county records. (PPD). WEST VIRGINIA - Averaged 2 larvae and 3 eggs per square foot in Hampshire County, 2 larvae in Hardy County, June 3, 1971. On oats, 2 larvae collected in Morgan County, 2 larvae and one adult in Berkeley County, 5 larvae in Jefferson County, June 2, 1971. Morgan, Jefferson, and Berkeley are new county records. Determined by J.D. Hacker and A.E. Tustin. (W. Va. Ins. Sur.). EUROPEAN CRANE FLY (Tipula paludosa) - WASHINGTON - Cooperative soil irritant survey for i971 completed in Whatcom and Skagit Counties; 627 sites sampled as of June 1 representing 200,640 acres of pasture, parks, and residence lawns. Of 70 Samples submitted for identification, 9 determined T. paludosa. Positive finds show southern most movement of 4 miles from 1970 finds. Most southerly find 3 miles north of Bellingham city limits. (Rosander). GRASS BUGS - IDAHO - Irbisia spp. numerous on wild ryegrass, crested wheatgrass, and needle and thread grasses in Glenns Ferry area of Elmore County. (Evans). UTAH - I. pacifica adults 1-2 per 10 sweeps on planted grasses at Spring Lake, Utah County. Large green nymphs of another grass bug averaged 6 per 10 sweeps. Grass showed feeding markings. (Knowlton). WYOMING - Labops hesperius infested 50 acres of intermediate wheatgrass east of Chugwater, Platte County, on May 25. Abundant in roadside ditches. (Hardy). SOUTH DAKOTA - Labops sp. damaged 150 acres of crested wheatgrass near Martin, Bennett County. Controls applied. Ranged 30-45 per sweep of grass (crested wheatgrass, some bluegrass) in ditches and few rows of winter wheat in Shannon County. Ranged 20-30 per sweep of grass in pasture, some damage, in Bennett County. (Zimmerman, Nies). - 420 - GRASSHOPPERS - WASHINGTON - Oedaleonotus enigma fourth instars averaged 7 per square yard on 5,000 acres between West Richland and Benton City, Benton County. First instars of Melanoplus Sanguinipes appearing in Rex and Del Rio area, Douglas County; cool wet weather delayed movement. (Nonini) . WYOMING - Aulocara elliotti and M, confusus hatched north of Hartville, Platte County, May 25. (Hardy). UTAH - Unspecified nymphs on rangelands. Small but heavy infestation north of Gunnison, Sanpete County, and threatening population west of Utah Lake, Utah County (Thornley et al.); 2 per sweep in alfalfa at Salem, Utah County (Knowlton). MINNESOTA - M. femurrubrum eggs in eyespot stage in southwest district; only coagulated eggs found in west-central district. (Minn. Pest Rpt.). OKLAHOMA - Nymphal surveys during May showed general hatch underway in all counties surveyed, although dry weather slowed hatch in southwest area, Heaviest counts in south-— central and eastern counties in crop margins, roadsides, Bermuda grass pastures, and weedy grasslands; ranged 5-25 per square yard, occasionally up to 50. In western and southwestern counties grassland counts ranged 3-15 per square yard, roadside counts 5-20. Surveys week ending May 14, in 9 northwest and panhandle counties, showed 5-8 species hatching in southern portion and 3-5 species in northern areas. As of May 26, hatch not complete in any area surveyed. Mainly M. femurrubrum currently heavy in alfalfa in Caddo County. (Okla. Coop. Sur.). GYPSY MOTH (Porthetria dispar) - NEW HAMPSHIRE - Many third instars on oaks; heavy defoliation expected in some localities in Madison, Carroll County. (Morse). VERMONT - Much wind dispersion of larvae in Champlain Valley. (Nielsen, June 1). NEW YORK - Outbreak in apple orchard apparently after "pink" Spray, no egg masses found, in Westchester County. (N.Y, Wkly. Rpt.). RHODE ISLAND - Some second instars, many complaints in Kent County. (Relli, May 27). NEW JERSEY - Larvae found only in Monmouth County blueberry fields. First 2 instars seemed to prefer blossoms over foliage and destroyed large numbers of flowers in areas close to oak forest. Larvae common on trees and shrubs in central counties. Most popula- tions in home grounds situations second and third instars; probably blown in during May from nearby wooded areas. (Ins.-Dis. Newsltr.). MEXICAN FRUIT FLY (Anastrepha ludens) - CALIFORNIA - Four-day-old fly trapped at Corona, Riverside County; 50 additional traps placed in area. Surveillance will be increased as necessary. (PPD). PINK BOLLWORM (Pectinophora gossypiella) - ARIZONA - Few moths caught in emergence cages at Safford, Graham County. Two moths caught in 10 traps between Parker and Poston, Yuma County. (Ariz. Coop. Sur.). CALIFORNIA - Sterile moths released in Kern County 5,454,000; total to date 24,166,250. (PPD). WHITEFRINGED BEETLES (Graphognathus spp.) - ALABAMA - Larvae continue to damage cotton in 30-acre field at Excel, Monroe County. About 20 percent of corn plants completely destroyed and 10 percent of remaining plants damaged by larvae in 15-acre field at Locust Fork, Blount County. (Green). - 421 - HAWAII INSECT REPORT Turf, Pastures - Larvae of a BILLBUG (Sphenophorus venatus vestitus) light, about I per 2 square feet, in Bermuda grass Iawn at Kaneohe, Oahu, Larvae and adults averaged 10 per square foot in same host at Hawaii Kai. (Funasaki, Kashiwai). GRASS WEBWORM (Herpetogramma licarsisalis) larvae 1 per square foot in Kikuyu grass pastures at Haiku and Waihee, Maui. (Ah Sam). Fruits and Nuts - All stages of a SWALLOWTAIL BUTTERFLY (Papilio xuthus) col- lected on citrus trees at Ewa, Oahu, about 7 miles from original site. Delimiting surveys in Moanalua and Tripler areas of Oahu negative. (Rose et al.). A CLICK BEETLE (Chalcolepidius erythroloma) adult observed feeding on Litchi fruit at Nuuanu Valley, Oahu, C. erythroloma relatively rare in State and this host relationship apparently incidental. (Howarth). Ornamentals - All stages of CYCLAMEN MITE (Steneotarsonemus pallidus) heavy, as Many aS 600 per blossom, on Chrysanthemum at Wahiawa, Oahu. This is a new host record, Previously reported on various vegetables and ornamentals including watercress (Jasminum sambac) and African-violet. (Kitagawa). TUMID SPIDER MITE (Tetranychus tumidus) light on Anthurium blossoms at Hilo, Hawaii. This is a new island and host record. Previously reported from island of Oahu; this pest commonly found on Amaranthus spinosus, sweetpotato, and corn. (Kobayashi). Delimiting surveys for an ADELGID (Pineus pini) completed and infestations noted at Hawaii Kai, Kaneohe, Liliha, and Manoa, Oahu. Nurseries, garden shops, and residences included in survey. Trees involved in original infestation at Waikii, Hawaii, to be destroyed. (Kashiwai, Funasaki). Forest and Shade Trees - All stages of CUBAN LAUREL THRIPS (Gynaikothrips ficorum) moderate on young leaves of 6 Chinese banyan trees (Ficus retusa) at Lahaina and Wailuku, Maui; about 25 percent of young leaves affected. Nymphs and adults averaged 14 per leaf; an anthocorid predator trace. (Miyahira) . Man and Animals - Heavy swarming of FORMOSAN SUBTERRANEAN TERMITE (Coptotermes formosanus) and Cryptotermes brevis (a powderpost termite) at Kahului and Wailuku, Maui. Moderate to heavy in light trap collections at Kailua, Kaneohe, Ewa, and Waipahu, Oahu, during last week of May; adults ranged 30-300 per light trap. Highest count 150 last week of April. (Miyahira, Au). Miscellaneous Pests - A GRASSHOPPER (Oedaleus abruptus) adults light to moderate in dry grassy area at Hickam Air Force Base and Barbers Point, Oahu; as many as 7 per square yard at Hickam AFB. (Garcia, Olson). KOU LEAFWORM (Ethmia colonella) moderate to heavy on kou (Codia subcordata) trees at Maunakea Beach, Kawaihae, and Kona, Hawaii; defoliation 25-33 percent on up to 20 percent of trees. (Matayoshi). DETECTION New State Record -— APPLE MEALYBUG (Phenacoccus aceris) CALIFORNIA - Siskiyou County. (p. 414). New County and Island Records - ALFALFA WEEVIL (Hypera postica) OKLAHOMA = Love, McIntosh, Nowata, Craig; ARKANSAS - Arkansas; MISSOURI = Andrew, Atchison, Buchanan, Gentry, Worth; NEBRASKA - Saline, Fillmore, Thayer, Nuckolls, Webster, Franklin, Adams, Clay, Lancaster. (p. 410). A BLISTER BEETLE (Hornia minutipennis) OKLAHOMA - Osage (p. 418). BROWN SPIDER BEETLE (Ptinus clavipes) IOWA - Dallas (p. 418), CEREAL LEAF BEETLE (Oulema melanopus) ILLINOIS - Bond, Jefferson, Washington, Cass; INDIANA - Clinton; KENTUCKY - Daviess, Ohio, Butler, Hancock; MARYLAND - Baltimore; WEST VIRGINIA.- Morgan, Jefferson, Berkeley. (p. 419). HOLLYHOCK WEEVIL (Apion longirostre) VIRGINIA - Wythe, Bland, Pulaski (p. 416). MEADOW PLANT BUG (Leptopterna dolabratus) MISSOURI - Clinton, Grundy, Clay, _ Livingston, Ray (Dp. 409). A MEALYBUG (Humococcus caritus) CALIFORNIA - Imperial (p. 409). NANTUCKET PINE TIP MOTH (Rhyacionia frustrana) MISSOURI - New Madrid (p. 416). A PSYLLID (Trioza tripunctata) FLORIDA - Volusia (p. 415). RUSTIC BORER (Xylotrechus colonus) WEST VIRGINIA - Wyoming (p. 418). TUMID SPIDER MITE (Tetranychus tumidus) HAWAII - Hilo (p. 421). Z/9-LZ/G ABSIEM 1/9-92/¢ Axremo0sz 00K 1/9-92/S PUETIOH VINIDUIA €/9-LZ/S ODBM SVX4L b/9-1E/S UOSTpEH ¥/9-1E/G Ueweprey ¥/9-1E/S 3330k8g P/9-LE/S 37 9H90I9 (Ajun0D) AFASSANNAL €/9-8¢/S 121S0OM Z/9-LZ/S 3xinqsptousey OIHO b/9-1TE/S uosugor - VNIIOUVO HLYON T/9 99T TULHSdWVH MAN 1Z-0¢/S Ainqateg LZ-0Z/S Ptoau0D VASVadAaN Z/9-LZ/S 23381d b/9-62/S yOOSTWag b/9-b2/G eu2eaeI1D (43un09) IYMOSSIN 422 S1°0| 26-0 €/9-82/S eL1tAeu07S IddISSISSIW 1/9-€2/G 10FSUTY1OM 1/9-b2/S 2eedoxegs 1/9-'2/S STIB&a sns19aq 1/9-P2/G U0VSHOOID VLOSANNIA Z/9-92/S U0zsUTXeT 1/9 ueean SsuT[Mog AXONINIA 1é-Sz/s O1Teden b-1/9 ‘1E-Lz2/S 1eTdeN Z‘1/9-08‘62/S enbnqng VMOI €/9-82/S PTL FAseutey valuols SNOIL331105 dval LHS ie | Hi | | | 1 I (ow) Ce! oO ed ( oe] QO (oa) oC N N | + a ( a a US ENTOMOLOGY LIBRARY DEPT ENTOM NATIONAL MUSEUM WASHINGTON DC 20560 be ee VOL. 21 No. 25 | June 18, 197] Cooperative | | ECONOMIC INSECT REPORT CEMTHSON TG. a (| JUN 21197] Dssued by ‘PLANT, PROTECTION: DIVISION AGRICULTURAL RESEARCH SERVICE UNITED STATES DEPARTMENT OF AGRICULTURE AGRICULTURAL RESEARCH SERVICE PLANT PROTECTION DIVISION ECONOMIC INSECT SURVEY AND DETECTION The Cooperative Economic Insect Report is issued weekly as a service to American Agriculture. Its contents are compiled from information supplied by cooperating State, Federal, and industrial entomologists and other agricul- tural workers. In releasing this material the Division serves as a clearing house and does not assume responsi- bility for accuracy of the material. To facilitate mailroom handling, all reports, inquiries, and other matters pertaining to this release, including the mailing list, should be sent to: The Editors, CEIR Economic Insect Survey and Detection Plant Protection Division, ARS, USDA Federal Center Building Hyattsville, Maryland 20782 Volume 21 June 18, 1971 Number 25 COOPERATIVE ECONOMIC INSECT REPORT HIGHLIGHTS Current Condtions ARMYWORM larvae damaged corn in Kentucky, Virginia, West Virginia, Maryland, Ohio, and Pennsylvania. ASTER LEAFHOPPER heavy in Michigan. (p. 425). GREENBUG increasing on sorghum and corn in New Mexico, economic on some sorghum in Kansas. (p. 426). BLACK CUTWORM larvae damaged corn in Illinois, Kansas, Indiana, Nebraska, and Ohio. (p. 427). ALFALFA WEEVIL heavy on alfalfa in New Mexico, larvae heavy and increasing in Colorado. (pp. 428-429). MEXICAN BEAN BEETLE damaged soybeans in Maryland and Indiana. (p. 430). COLORADO POTATO BEETLE damaged tomatoes and potatoes in Utah, and potatoes in Tennessee and Kentucky. (p. 431). COTTONY CUSHION SCALE heavy in lemon grove in Arizona. CITRUS RED MITE and CITRUS THRIPS troublesome on citrus in California. IMPORTED CURRANTWORM defoliating currants and gooseberries in Nebraska. (p. 434). LEAFTIERS and DEFOLIATORS heavy in forested areas of central Pennsylvania. (pp. 435, 436). GRASS BUGS damaged wheatgrasses in Washington, Idaho, and Colorado. GRASSHOPPERS numerous in New Mexico, Oklahoma, Colorado, and South Dakota. (p. 438). Detection New State records include a SOFT SCALE from Delaware (p. 435), CEREAL LEAF BEETLE from Wisconsin (p. 437), and an ICHNEUMON from West Virginia (p. 437). For new county and parish records see page 432. Reports in this issue are for week ending June 11 unless otherwise indicated. - 423 - - 424 - CONTENTS Special Insects of Regional Significance........+eesccerccssrcrsscrccrccors 220420 Insects Affecting Corn, Sorghum, Sugarcane..........426 Beans andmPeasirrcrelenehepelelereiaichehoneredene cone Shill GmAslnS 6566 00000000005000000 004: CulcuazbAkESryepepeienencdchsneletotcKaionenenetonemetcnenecePee Turf, Pastures, Rangeland.... 2428 General VegetableS.....seccsseeertad HOGA Me GUMES ein elsiel sie sl oleieyels/e) olelelenel eae Deciduous Fruits and Nuts........433 ROWAN cdaoccocopandcogc dD boo C0 60 ota) Caktirusetcnarercsvarchencneralclerster erelereycionenenenene sono GorEOMocaoccannoonooDDoD dO OO OOD OO DESO Smarr Wisc S erenewetoledslelel delist aeneehelenetenae see WOIACCOnoaddoscodoooconlo cD OOO UO Ose Ornamenttailis) Wows pi eycleieieccneleetoucteterterseneeelo Suysaie BEGQwI o6odgncbocgo0c000 000000 O40) Forest and Shade Trees.......+-++430 Potatoes, Tomatoes, Peppers.......431 Man and Animals..... lel eteeistcuarerohera oO) ° ° ° ° DY oH Boob IS a ELIE Our n a TE ed ES a Ee A EIA CHE EL OK OnE OND CLOLOIO OFF OLN CE OLA. 0 00 6 OAKS Bene falcaaleeins ect Shracieierweielerelchereh echo elector enol onetclcheiclcieuclcneraineioneucloiciereleneisictenel- noted leet iam LOnt Federal and State Plant Protection! 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