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Property damage was generally light and no deaths nor injuries due to tornadoes were reported. Much of area west of the Rocky Mountains received no rain last week. PRECIPITATION: A quasi stationary front stretched from Oklahoma { TEMPERATURE: Hot, humid air flowed northward from the Gulf of { Mexico early in the week. Dew points were high in sultry air, mostly in the 60's and 70's. Afternoon temperatures ranged from | near or above 100 degrees in most of Texas to the high 80's and 90's in the Southwest. Except in thunderstorms, air was calm or . only light breezes prevailed. Wichita Falls, Texas, registered 110 degrees Tuesday afternoon. The dew point was about 70 degrees. This condition is extremely uncomfortable for most persons and dangerous for some. Wednesday was the ninth consecutive day at Seminole, Texas with afternoon temperatures reaching 100 degrees or higher. Extremely hot weather, but less humid, occurred in | Arizona and southern California. Thursday afternoon, the tempera- ture at Furnace Creek in Death Valley, California, reached 124 | degrees. This is 10 degrees cooler than the all time record for | California, 134 degrees recorded at Greenland Ranch, California, | July 10, 1913. So much for the South. The Northern States were | far more comfortable. Maximums early in the week in the North | ranged from the 60's in the Rocky Mountains to the 70's and 80's across the Great Plains and Great Lakes region to the 60's in New England. By midweek, the Great Plains warmed to the 90's--94 degrees at Jamestown, North Dakota; Pierre, South Dakota, and Chadron, Nebraska, on Thursday. A weak, nearly stationary high over the Northeast caused stagnation problems. Winds were light, air was stable. Pollutants became trapped in the lower layers of the atmosphere. This was true on Tuesday over a wide area from northern Illinois and Indiana to Pennsylvania, West Virginia, and Kentucky. Conditions improved by the midweek. Cold air moved into the north-central Great Plains late in the week ending summers grip over that area. Norfolk, Nebraska, registered 95 degrees Saturday but only 66 degrees Sunday afternoon. Summer heat continued in the South. - 434 - RENT OF oY U.S. DEPARTMENT OF AGRICULTURE HYATTSVILLE, MARYLAND 20782 D POSTAGE AND FEES PAID OFFICIAL BUSINESS U.S. DEPARTMENT OF PENALTY FOR PRIVATE USE, $300 — AGRICULTURE AGR 101 0004 SMINLISMIA122 33017 oogl SMITHSONIAN INSTITUTION LIsk= ARIES SMITHSONIAN INST WASHINGTON GC 26560 VOL. 22 No. 28 933 July 14, 1972 Cay Ent, Cooperative Economic Insect Report Issued by PLANT PROTECTION AND QUARANTINE PROGRAMS ANIMAL AND PLANT HEALTH INSPECTION SERVICE U.S.DEPARTMENT OF AGRICULTURE ANIMAL AND PLANT HEALTH INSPECTION SERVICE PLANT PROTECTION AND QUARANTINE PROGRAMS ECONOMIC INSECT SURVEY AND DETECTION STAFF The Cooperative Economic Insect Report is issued weekly as a service to American Agriculture. Its contents are compiled from information supplied by cooperating State, Federal, and industrial entomologists and other agricultural workers. In releasing this material the Service serves as a clearing house and does not assume responsibility for ac- curacy of the material. All reports and inquiries pertaining to this release, including the mailing list, should be sent to: Lhe ndrkboms)) | CHER Economic Insect Survey and Detection Plant Protection and Quarantine Programs Animal and Plant Health Inspection Service United States Department of Agriculture Federal Center Building Hyattsville, Maryland 20782 Volume 22 July 14, 1972 Number 28 COOPERATIVE ECONOMIC INSECT REPORT HIGHLIGHTS ‘Current Condtions GREENBUG unchanged on sorghum in Nebraska; heavy in areas of Oklahoma and New Mexico. (p. 437). | ] POTATO LEAFHOPPER expected to increase on alfalfa in north- central e457). continues to threaten alfalfa and beans in Michigan. : mp. 437). SPRUCE BUDWORM defoliation of spruce heavy again this year in northern Michigan. (p. 441). -SCREWWORM cases continue to increase in Southwest; total of 5,013 ‘cases confirmed this period. (pp. 441-442). Detection For new county records see page 445. Special Reports Collections of Pink Bollworm Moths inva: Lighterrap, L953 to oT et. (pp. 448-450). Gypsy Moth Quarantine. Map. Centerfold. Reports in this issue are for week ending July 7 unless other- wise indicated. - 435 - CONTENTS Special Insects of Regional Significance. .......+-+-+-++-++-eeeees 437 Insects Affecting Corn, Sorghum, Sugarcane...437 Deciduous Fruits and Nuts. .441 Turf, Pastures, Rangeland..438 CitrusS..........+.++++--- . A441 Forage Legumes.........--- ..-438 Ornamentals.............+.. 441 Soybeans. ......ss+e22es-+e6 439 Forest and Shade Trees.....441 (COTE 6 Gand db nooo ODO OaD OU ORO 439 Man and Animals........... 441 Potatoes, Tomatoes, PepperS......-cseseseeeee 440 Beneficial InSecitsic..6 0.2.66 +65 «0 6 ae © 06) © © ©) 1s) 0) © lovoieloleMeeeMeme Rens Mais 443 Federal and State Plant Protection Programs..........-..+-s-+eees 443 Hawaii Insect Report. .... ~~. 2s cece + os 00 «= 0 @ @ ole = neh enone aiaeES 445 De tec taondewaa< eee cleo «chee sgrenied eid eh Sire nied ees eons anes MP SP eo ec 445 - Light Trap Collections... 2... cee eee ee eee ee eee eee eter renee tenes . 446 Collections of Pink Bollworm Moths in a Light Trap, 1953 : HOOT Zee. cxcmeeeush sen apie Nyy Has Pas IEA ROR LOLOL OIG oro G00 000 60 6 . 448 Gypsy Moth Quarantine. Map. Centerfold. WEATHER OF THE WEEK ENDING JULY 3 Reprinted from Weekly Weather and Crop Bulletin supplied by Environmental Data Service, NOAA. PRECIPITATION: On Monday, July 3, a long front stretched from Maine through the Texas Panhandle to northern Utah. Lows were centered along the front in eastern Ohio and western Oklahoma, Thunderstorms developed along the front where cold air battled with warm air. Thunderstorms also erupted in humid air that lay over the central and southern Great Plains and the middle and southern Mississippi River Valley. Heavy local rains also fell in the northeastern parts of Pennsylvania, New York, New England, West Virginia, and Maryland. A large Arctic high over mid-America at midweek brought blue skies to the Northern States and scattered showers along the leading edge of cool air from Texas to the Ohio River. Showers also occurred over the Deep South. Showers fell from Florida to Pennsylvania late in the week and from the central Great Plains to southern New England over the weekend. Hail from weekend thunderstorms damaged sugar beets in north- eastern Colorado. No rain or only widely scattered light sprinkles fell from the Pacific Ocean to the central Rocky Mountains. TEMPERATURE: Cold air pushed into the northern Great Plains north of a front which early in the week stretched from northern New England through the Texas Panhandle to northern Utah. Early | morning temperatures north of the front were in the 30's and 40's. Casper, Wyoming, registered 30 degrees Tuesday morning. Maximums were in the 60's. These temperatures are 15 to 20 degrees cooler than normal for early July. Warm, humid air drifted northward south of the front. Temperatures averaged about 30 degrees warmer than in the cool air. Summer heat continued in the desert Southwest. Furnace Creek in Death Valley, California, warmed to 120 degrees Monday and 121 degrees Wednesday. A large high centered over Nebraska Wednesday helped to hold afternoon temperatures in the 60's and 70's over much of the East while warming the West. Weather of the week continued on page 447. - 436 - SPECIAL INSECTS OF REGIONAL SIGNIFICANCE ARMYWORM (Pseudaletia unipuncta) - NORTH CAROLINA - Caused heavy foliage damage to 25 acres of corn in Tyrrell County. Up to 5 larvae per row foot in spots up to 0.5 acre in size. Mostly fourth and fifth instars. (Van Duyn). CORN LEAF APHID (Rhopalosiphum maidis) - ILLINOIS - Colonies developed on field corn in southern area. In Jackson and Perry Counties, 50 percent of plants with some aphids in tassels; 1 in 50 plants rated medium. (I11. Ins. Sur.). WISCONSIN - No buildup noted in tassels of sweet corn since first migrants found. Some colonies forming within whorls of field corn in southern Sauk County, however. (Wis. Ins. Sur.). GREENBUG (Schizaphis graminum) - NEBRASKA - Populations on sorghum remained stable in most fields. Ranged 30-100 per plant on 100 percent of plants in Seward County field with 1-2 lower leaves discolored; 20-100 per plant on 90-100 percent of plants in 2 York County fields with no economic damage; 50-400 per plant in Saline County field with 20 percent of lower leaves lost; 5-50 per plant in Hamilton County with no economic damage. (Keith, Berogan). ARKANSAS - Taken on sorghum in Craighead County. This is a new county record. (Boyer). OKLAHOMA - Heavy in sorghum in Ottawa County; moderate to heavy in Caddo and Washita Counties. (Okla. Coop. Sur.). NEW MEXICO - This pest and Rhopalosiphum maidis (corn leaf aphid) medium to heavy on grain sorghum in Roosevelt and Curry Counties. Controls applied. (Mathews, Campbell). POTATO LEAFHOPPER (Empoasca fabae) - MARYLAND - Nymphs and adults ranged 10-30 per sweep of alfalfa in Frederick, Carroll, Baltimore and Howard Counties. Expect increase; yellowing seen in some fields. (U. Md., Ent. Dept.). MICHIGAN - Still threatening in alfalfa and beans. (Sauer). SPOTTED ALFALFA APHID (Therioaphis maculata) - NEVADA - Counts in Dixie Valley ranged 2-60 per sweep on seed alfalfa in Churchill County and 6-300+ per sweep in Pershing County. Honeydew heavy, leaf drop occurring in heavier infested fields. (Stitt). WISCONSIN - Increase apparent in much alfalfa. Highest counts, 15 per sweep, noted in western Dane and in Marquette Counties. (Wis. Ins. Sur.). CORN, SORGHUM, SUGARCANE EUROPEAN CORN BORER (Ostrinia nubilalis) - NEBRASKA - Moths decreasing rapidly in blacklight traps over State. Many larvae boring into stalks. Infestations ranged 16-40 percent in fields sampled in Seward, York, and Saline Counties. Little or no damage found in Frontier, Perkins, Keith, and Lincoln Counties. (Campbell). MISSOURI - Dissections in Mississippi County field Showed 22 percent of plants infested. Mostly pupae in this field. (Langille). IOWA - Flight complete in central area. Larval survival very low due to cool weather. Tall corn in central area with up to 75 percent of plants showing leaf feeding, but dissection revealed living borers in 10-15 percent of plants. Very few fields will require control. (Iowa Ins. Sur., June 30). WISCONSIN —- Popula- ‘tions seem generally low in southwest and northeast areas; high- est counts seen in some sandier areas in central part of State and near Wisconsin River. (Wis. Ins. Sur.). - 437 - KENTUCKY - O. nubilalis damaged corn statewide; economic in Ballard County, controls applied. Percent infestation in central area by county: Fayette 2.2, Franklin 9.8, Woodford 0.9. (Barnett). VIRGINIA - Moth collections on Eastern Shore increased ~ abruptly nights of July 1 and 2 with 93 moths taken. Only 5 moths © taken preceding week; indicates beginning of emergence of second- — brood moths. (Hofmaster). MARYLAND - Heavy on corn 18 inches or higher; ranged 7-10 first and second instars per 10 plants in Frederick, Carroll, and Baltimore Counties. Egg laying in these counties expected to remain heavy. Infestations in Talbot, il Dorchester, Wicomico, and Somerset Counties ranged 40-80 percent. Pupation 80 percent. Increased egg laying on corn expected to be heavy within 14 days. (U. Md., Ent. Dept.). DELAWARE - First u pupae of first summer generation taken in corn. Adults in black- light traps averaged less than one per night in Sussex County. (Burbutis, Kelsey). NEW YORK - Light to moderate in most early corn in Hudson Valley. Larvae in tassels in most early varieties. © Moth catches light; egg masses difficult to find; first-brood activity declining. (N.Y. Wkly. Rpt., July 3). CORN EARWORM (Heliothis zea) - NEW JERSEY - Moth catches in selected southern and central area fields continue abnormally heavy for this time of year. Recommend 4 to 5-day control interval in sweet corn plantings beginning to silk. (Ins.-Dis. Newsltr.). — SORGHUM MIDGE (Contarinia sorghicola) - MISSISSIPPI - Averaged 8 per head on blooming grain sorghum in Noxubee County. (Robinson). TURF, PASTURES, RANGELAND FALL ARMYWORM (Spodoptera frugiperda) - GEORGIA - Larvae infested Bermuda grass pasture in Camden County. First infestation of season. (Thomas, Nolan). BLUEGRASS BILLBUG (Sphenophorus parvulus) - WASHINGTON - This species and §S. cicatristriatus caused damage affecting 20-50 percent of several bluegrass lawns in Prosser, Benton County. (Klostermeyer). A WHITEFLY (Aleurocybotus occiduus) - ARIZONA - Necessitated treatments in few over-irrigated fields of Bermuda grass at Yuma Valley, Yuma County. Honeydew main problem. (McHenry). FORAGE LEGUMES ALFALFA WEEVIL (Hypera postica) - NEW YORK - Larval counts decreased greatly at Ithaca and in other areas of State. New adults should increase next 14 days. Bathyplectes stenostigma (an ichnéumon wasp), a larval parasite released in Ithaca area in 1971, recovered in area this period. (N.Y. Wkly. Rpt., July 3). MASSACHUSETTS - Larvae averaged 27 per 100 sweeps in Berkshire County. (Miller, June 30). KENTUCKY - Eggs averaged 10.4 and larvae 10 per square foot in Fayette County field. (Barnett, Parr). OHIO - Hypera postica adults in northern Wayne County suppressed new-growth alfalfa in late cut fields. Larvae ranged 75-88 per 50 sweeps in Champaign County, averaged 66 per 50 sweeps in Logan County. (Fox). WISCONSIN - Threat ended for season. Larval and adult counts seldom exceed 4 per 10 sweeps in Fox River Valley area, southwest area, or central sands region. (Wis. Ins. Sur.). - 438 - NEW MEXICO - Hypera postica medium to heavy on alfalfa in Santa Fe and Rio Arriba Counties. Larvae ranged 23-53 per 25 sweeps in most fields. Most leaves damaged. (Patterson, Heninger). UTAH - Still damaging alfalfa in Box Elder County. (Lindsay). PEA APHID (Acyrthosiphon pisum) - NEVADA - Ranged from 40-50 per sweep to 100-200+ per sweep on 4,000 acres of alfalfa hay in Hualapai Valley, Washoe County. Populations lower in fields where aphids heavily parasitized. Infestations generally much reduced over past 2 weeks. (Adams). Ranged 75-100 per sweep in most alfalfa hay fields in Diamond Valley, Eureka County. (Martinelli). WISCONSIN - Increased in regrowth alfalfa. Small nymphs predomin- ate in many fields. Counts variable; 50-70 per sweep not unusual in many fields in southwest, central, and northeast areas. Predator incidence low in these fields; aphid counts could increase next few weeks. (Wis. Ins. Sur.). MARYLAND - Light, ranged 5-10 per sweep, in Frederick, Baltimore, Carroll, and Montgomery Counties. Slightly above 1971 level. (U. Md., Ent. Dept.). MASSACHUSETTS - Averaged 736 per 100 sweeps in Berkshire County. (Miller, June 30). ALFALFA LEAF BLOTCH-MINER (Agromyza frontella) - VERMONT - Damage on first-cutting alfalfa variable statewide; in some areas leaf destruction about 20-25 percent. Little evidence of miner activity on regrowth. (Nielsen et al.). MASSACHUSETTS - Adults averaged 22 per 100 sweeps in Berkshire County; 17 percent of alfalfa leaflets showed’ larval mines. (Miller, June 30). GRASSHOPPERS - WISCONSIN - Melanoplus femurrubrum increased on forage crops in many scattered areas over State. First instars ranged 50-200 per sweep in field in central Iowa County with damage apparent; averaged 15 per sweep in adjacent fields. Heavy in fields in southern Dane and eastern Marathon Counties. Most fields in central sands area with lower counts. Higher popula- tions not necessarily on sandy ground as in previous years. Due to sporadic nature of infestations and magnitude of some popula- tions, growers should check alfalfa regrowth. Dissosteira carolina and M. confusus adults also appearing; Arphia conspersa adults most noticeable along roadsides. (Wis. Ins. Sur.). SOYBEANS MEXICAN BEAN BEETLE (Epilachna varivestis) - NORTH CAROLINA - Up to 4 larvae per row foot in some northeastern area fields. About 150 acres observed in Camden County will need treatment if present Bhat continues; 15 percent defoliation observed in area. (Van Duyn). : COTTON BOLL WEEVIL (Anthonomus grandis) - OKLAHOMA - Punctured squares averaged 23 percent in 4 fields in Bryan County. Ranged 1-5 per- cent in about 10 percent of fields checked in Jackson, Harmon, and Greer Counties. Very light in Caddo, Washita, Wagoner, and Muskogee Counties. (Okla. Coop. Sur.). MISSISSIPPI - Percent punctured squares in some fields by county: Leake, 12 on 200 acres; Neshoba, 10 on 225 acres; Noxubee, 8 on 3,000 acres; Tippah, 18 on 200 acres; Yalobusha, 9 on 100 acres. (Robinson). ALABAMA - First-generation weevils caused increase in square infestations in most fields. Damaged squares ranged 10-60 percent. Controls - 439 - applied. Field infestations vary due to numbers of overwintered adults near fields and age of cotton. Percent punctured squares ranged 1-25. First weevil “hatchout™ will occur July 8-25. (McQueen). GEORGIA - Percent punctured squares by county: Wilcox 0-4, Crisp 0-10, Terrell 0-8, Tift 18 in one field; ranged 0-25 over southern area. First-generation adults emerged and damaged squares over southern area. (Womack et al.). TENNESSEE - Counts ranged 0-55 percent punctured squares. First-generation "hatchout" expected July 12 on early cotton in southern tier of counties. (Locke, Gordon). BOLLWORMS (Heliothis spp.) - TENNESSEE - H. zea counts below control level in most fields; however, few fields in Tipton County at, or above, control levels. (Gordon, Locke). GEORGIA - Egg laying generally lower than past 2 weeks as of June 30. Larval feeding very heavy in many southern area fields. (Womack). Current counts per 100 terminals by county: Wilcox, O-2 eggs, 0-7 larvae; Crisp, 0-4 eggs, 1-11 larvae. (Hudson, Nix). Egg laying light over southern area; most larvae large, predominately H. virescens. (Womack). ALABAMA - Small larvae and eggs of H. zea ranged 1-10 per 100 terminals in all fields throughout State. Most serious problems in Dallas, Butler, and some southwest counties. (McQueen). MISSISSIPPI - Percent damaged squares by county: Noxubee 2, Tippah 5, Leake 10 on 200 acres. (Robinson). OKLAHOMA - H. zea damaged squares ranged 0-4 percent and eggs 1-2 per 100 terminals in Jackson, Harmon, and Greer Counties. Eggs averaged 1 per 100 terminals in Tillman County. (Okla. Coop. Sur.). COTTON FLEAHOPPER (Pseudatomoscelis seriatus) - OKLAHOMA - Ranged light to heavy (up to 53 per 100 terminals) in Jackson, Harmon, and Greer Counties, and 24-60 per 100 terminals in Tillman County. Still heavy in many fields in Caddo, Washita, and Beckham Counties. Ranged moderate to heavy in Okmulgee County; heavy in scattered fields in Bryan County; moderate in Muskogee County. Averaged 20 per 100 sweeps in Wagoner County. (Okla. Coop. Sur.). POTATOES, TOMATOES, PEPPERS COLORADO POTATO BEETLE (Leptinotarsa decemlineata) - UTAH - Continued to damage potatoes and tomatoes throughout infested area of northern part of State. Control general on commercial plantings. (Knowlton). Outbreak unusually severe in Box Elder County. (Lindsay). GREEN PEACH APHID (Myzus persicae) - COLORADO - Moved into potato fields in Greeley area, Weld County. This is early migration into late potatoes. (Marquardt). VARIEGATED CUTWORM (Peridroma saucia) -— VIRGINIA - Total of 149 moths collected nights of July I and 2, compared to 16 preceding week. Emergence much heavier than 37 moths collected for same period in 1971. (Hofmaster). - 440 - DECIDUOUS FRUITS AND NUTS PECAN NUT CASEBEARER (Acrobasis caryae) - OKLAHOMA - First-genera- tion damage averaged 26 percent in untreated pecan orchard in Tulsa County, 31 percent in 2 orchards in Rogers County. (Okla. Coop. ‘Sur.). AN ERIOPHYID MITE (Aculus comatus) - OREGON - Heavy on Daviana and Royal variety filberts at Corvallis, Benton County. (Krantz, muly 1). EUROPEAN RED MITE (Panonychus ulmi) - MICHIGAN - Counts per leaf increased statewide. Leaf bronzing seen in some orchards. Cool weather temporarily slowing development. Expect summer generation overlap soon. (Thompson). CITRUS CITRUS THRIPS (Scirtothrips citri) - ARIZONA - Resistance to previous insecticides increased. Difficult to protect new tender growth at Yuma County citrus nurseries. (Ariz. Coop. Sur.). | ORNAMENTALS SPRUCE SPIDER MITE (Oligonychus ununguis) - PENNSYLVANIA - All stages taken on Katsura tree (Cercidiphyllum japonicum) in Camp Hill, Cumberland County, October 21, 1971,by-D. Stehr and R. Leh- man. "Determined by E.W. Baker. Adults and nymphs collected on Cryptomeria japonica at 2 locations in Allentown, Lehigh County, October 8 and November 4, 1971, by T. Wolf. Determined by E.W. Baker. These are new host records. (Kim). FOREST AND SHADE TREES SPRUCE BUDWORM (Choristoneura fumiferana) - MICHIGAN - Adults emerged; numerous in Marquette County. Larval defoliation severe again this year. Some tree mortality expected in infested area. (Johnson). PINE SPITTLEBUG (Aphrophora parallela) - FLORIDA - Adult taken in blacklight trap July 5 near pine trees at Gainesville, Alachua County. This is unusual collection; only few records of this Species in State, none farther south than Marion County. (Mead). PINE CHAFER (Anomala oblivia) - TENNESSEE - Taken in Hardin County for a new county record. Determined by R.D. Gordon. (Bruer). ELM LEAF BEETLE (Pyrrhalta luteola) - OKLAHOMA - Still heavy on Siberian elms in most areas. Second-generation egg deposition very heavy in Payne County. (Okla. Coop. Sur.). NEW MEXICO - Medium to heavy on Siberian elms at Espanola, Rio Arriba County, and Santa Cruz, Santa Fe County. Some heavy infestations, up to 20 larvae per leaf. (Heninger). MAN AND ANIMALS SCREWWORM (Cochliomyia hominivorax) - Total of 5,013 confirmed cases reported in continental U.S. during period June 25 to July 1. This is largest number of laboratory confirmed cases to occur during any Single week since start of program in 1962. - 441 - Screwworm cases by State as follows: Texas 4,901; New Mexico 32; Arizona 74; Oklahoma 6. Total of 1,067 cases confirmed in Mexico. Number of Sterile flies released this period in U.S. totaled 204,016,000 as follows: Texas 177,648,000; New Mexico 2,910,000; Arizona 16,538,000; California 600,000; Oklahoma 1,920,000; Louisiana 2,550,000; Arkansas 1,850,000. Total of 3,062,000 sterile flies released in Mexico. (Anim. Health). HORN FLY (Haematobia irritans) - OKLAHOMA - Averaged 300 per head on cows and 1,000 per head on bulls in Payne County. Heavy in Pittsburg County, moderate in Garfield, Washington, and Pontotoc Counties. (Okla. Coop. Sur.). MISSISSIPPI - Averaged 500+ on untreated cattle in Monroe, Clay, Noxubee, and Oktibbeha Counties. (Robinson). ILLINOIS - Average number per untreated beef animal by county: Jo Daviess 30.5, Ogle 27.8, Grundy 63.3, Kendall 1.6, Champaign 48.6, Ford 72.8. (Ill. Ins. Sur.). MARYLAND - Light in unsprayed herds, ranged 10-20 per head. Counts on sprayed livestock ranged 0-15 per head. (U. Md., Ent. Dept.). STABLE FLY (Stomoxys calcitrans) - OKLAHOMA - Averaged 3 per head on untreated dairy cattle in Payne County. (Okla. Coop. Sur.). KENTUCKY - Adults averaged 40 per animal on cattle of various ages in Woodford County. (Barnett). MARYLAND - Increased after heavy rains in June and early July. Ranged 10-40 per head on most un- Sprayed beef cattle. Statewide increase of annoyaiuce level expected, especially along Chesapeake Bay shores. (U. Md., Ent. Dept.). FACE FLY (Musca autumnalis) - MARYLAND - Increased after heavy rains in June. Counts on unsprayed beef ranged 20-40 per head. Counts on sprayed dairy stock ranged 5-15 per head. Population at annoyance level in Frederick, Baltimore, Harford,and Montgomery Counties. (U. Md., Ent. Dept.). ILLINOIS - Average number per untreated beef animal by county: Jo Daviess 7.9, Ogle 4.5, a ! Grundy 0.5, Kendall 0.8, Champaign 0.3, Ford 3.7. (Ill. Ins. Sur.). KENTUCKY - Adults averaged 20 per animal on cattle of various ages in Woodford County. (Barnett). MISSISSIPPI - Ranged up to 75 per face on mixed cattle in Monroe County; averaged 30 per face on 400 head. (Robinson). GEORGIA - Populations heaviest ever seen in northern area of State. (Nolan). MOSQUITOES - GEORGIA - Heavy throughout southern part of State. (Nolan). UTAH - Very annoying in Cache County. Severe in most cultivated areas in Allen Canyon area of Rich County; very troublesome in Corinne, Locomotive Springs, and Cedar Mountain areas of Box Elder County. Abundant and annoying in farm areas around Abraham, Millard County. (Parish, Knowlton). NEVADA - Aedes nigromaculis adults and larvae heavy at Sparks, Washoe County. (Ferreto). BROWN RECLUSE SPIDER (Loxosceles reclusa) - MISSOURI - Specimens collected in Andrew and Montgomery Counties. These are new county records. (Munson). LONE STAR TICK (Amblyomma americanum) - OKLAHOMA - Moderate on cattle in Pittsburg County and in scattered areas of Washington County. (Okla. Coop. Sur.). - 442 - | | , JdUIaxe 818 SUIPpeq Tepe. puv ‘IOIS[edxe “INOY poom “ysnpMes ‘SSUIABUS . 3dWaxe 318 “9 ‘se[puey ‘ainqiuin} ‘SuL1ooy ‘sepsurys se yons ‘sjonpord poom painzovsnue]Ay eSrrraaNnADN TA nA mM) CAA MNArITIITY NACI clr ak NTT NIK S3A1DILYV GALVINGAY AO LSIT HOS ACIS ASHYAATRY 3AS G3AAOWNSEY NOILVINSAY—GALVDIGvea Wlédé “YOLOAdSNI GAZIMOHLNYV NV AG G3aYyINO|Y Aly (GANNV1d YO SS3YDOUd NI SLNAWLVaUL 3AISSAYddNS) » NARYS NIHLIM “7 ‘SNOILVINOAY NVIGYNVD GNV ‘Ivdaqaa4 ‘3LVLS-vauv aAISSaYddns “"NS33a3uS OLNI NaaYD — ‘ALIHM YO NS3SYD HONOYHL YO OLN! 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NIOSH ov, YNNOHIW O. LLL fs Nowa | Apuwe + S3LVLS GSL90gsd4AvV HLIM ONILVeSRdOOD BUNLINDIeSOV AO LNAWLYVdsad VAOVYNYSD GNV SWYYDOd ANILNVYWNO GNY NOILDSLOudd INV1d SADIANSES NOILDOSdSNI HL1IVSH LNV1d ONY IVWINY SBYNLIndinSyv AO LNAWLevdad sn CINIINWNWND HIOW ASdAD THE FOLLOWING REGULATED ARTICLES MUST BE MOVED UNDER CERTIFICATE OR PERMIT YEAR-ROUND EXCEPT AS INDICATED 1. Trees, shrubs with persistent woody stems, and parts thereof, except seeds, fruits, and cones. Trees and shrubs, and parts thereof, are exempt if grown in a greenhouse throughout the year and so labeled on the outside of each container.* Boughs, cuttings, and scions with stems no greater than one-half inch in diam- eter are exempt.* Parts of trees and shrubs that have been dried, pressed, waxed, lacquered, varnished, or similarly surface-treated, are exempt.* iw Timber and timber products, including but not limited to lumber, planks, poles, logs, cordwood, and pulpwood. Lumber is exempt if dressed or sawed four sides with ends clipped and free of surface bark, or if kiln dried, provided such lumber is shipped direct after processing and the waybill or other shipping document is marked to show that the lumber was shipped immediately after processing.* Manufactured wood products, such as shingles, flooring, furniture, handles, etc., are exempt.* Shavings, sawdust, wood flour, excelsior, and cedar bedding are exempt.* 3. Stone and quarry products. Stone and quarry products are exempt if processed by grinding or pulverizing.* 4. Mobile homes, recreational vehicles, and associated equipment moving from hazardous parks or recreational sites. *Exempt if not exposed to infestation after the prescribed handling. BENEFICIAL INSECTS LADY BEETLES - OHIO - All stages of Coleomegilla maculata, Hippodamia convergens, Coccinella novemnotata, and C. transver- Bur. ) . FEDERAL AND STATE PLANT PROTECTION PROGRAMS | CITRUS WHITEFLY (Dialeurodes citri) - CALIFORNIA - Citrus and gardenia in Sacramento, Sacramento County, heavily infested. Ranged from 10 per leaf to hundreds per leaf. (Cal. Coop. Rpt.). GRASS BUGS - UTAH - Labops spp., including few L. utahensis, caused discoloration of giant ryegrass, crested wheatgrass, and several other grasses in all higher areas of Mount Nebo Loop area in Utah and Juab Counties. Black species damaged Russian wild ryegrass in Yost area of Box Elder County. Most found in this area Irbisia spp., with I. pacifica most common, (Knowlton et al.). i GRASSHOPPERS - OREGON - Spraying for control of Melanoplus Sanguinipes, Camnula pellucida, Oedaleonotus enigma, M. bivittatus, and M. packardii on 145,000 acres in Pilot Rock area of Umatilla County completed July 6. Results good. Additional projects sched- uled to begin July 10 on 125,000 acres in John Day Valley, Grant County, and 300,000 acres in Baker and Union Counties; July 12 on 123,000 acres in Morrow County, and July 15 on 140,000 acres in Wallowa County. (Penrose). NEVADA - Total of 10,368 acres comprised of 4,000 acres of crested wheatgrass and 6,368 acres of adjacent rangeland treated for M. Sanguinipes and O. enigma in Doby Summit area, Elko County. (Wilson). Nymphs of M. Sanguinipes ranged 20-25 per square yard on 300 acres of alfalfa hay in Hualapai Valley, Washoe County. (Adams). In Diamond Valley, Eureka County, M. Sanguinipes nymphs and adults ranged 10-12 per- square yard on 100 acres of alfalfa hay. Adult M. Sanguinipes (95 percent) and M. bivittatus (5 percent) ranged 15-20 per square yard on another 260 acres of alfalfa hay in same area. (Martinelli). M. bivittatus, M. sanguini es, and C. pellucida ranged 25-35 per Square yard on 50 acres of abandoned clove below Grass Valley, Pershing County. (Rowe). NORTH DAKOTA - Mainly M. sanguini es, M. keeleri, and M. confusus ranged 1-30 (averaged 13) per square yard on 13,000 acres in horthern part of Sheyenne National Grasslands in Ransom and Rich- land Counties. Southern parts of grasslands had less than 1 grass- aopper per square yard. Development ranged from first instar to adults. (Grasser). OKLAHOMA - M. differentialis and M. bivittatus ranged 20-40 per square yard in pecan orchard planting of fescue in Tulsa County; becoming serious on pecan foliage in orchard. (Okla. Coop. Sur.). - 443 - GYPSY MOTH (Porthetria dispar) - RHODE ISLAND - Defoliation of white oaks near 100 percent in many areas. Larvae feeding on red oak, white pine, beech, American chestnut, and shack huckleberry. (Field, June 30). PENNSYLVANIA - Defoliation 15-70 percent in area of Berks and Schuykill Counties bounded by Interstate Highway 78 and State Highways 501, 895, and 183. Pupation begun in more heavily infested areas; no pupae found in areas of light defolia- tion, many larvae in last instar. (Cameron, June 22). Heavy feed- ing along Berks and Schuylkill County line and Schuylkill and Lehigh County line. Forced pupation noted at Hawk Mountain and at Shartlesville; many very small, apparently starving larvae in heavily defoliated areas. (Kadow, June 27). JAPANESE BEETLE (Popillia japonica) - MICHIGAN - First adults of season taken July 6 on wild grape within quarantine zone in Cal- houn County. Emergence about 7 days later than in 1971. (Hanna). OHIO - Several hundred specimens dug out of turf in Wayne County; more than half were adults; other stages also present. Spot emer- gence occurred, peak emergence not yet started. (Fox). TENNESSEE - Adults emerged in several eastern counties. (Hammett). ALABAMA - Single adult taken in trap June 27 in old infested area in Russell County in area along U.S. I-85 between State Highways 37 and 169. (Barwood). NORTH CAROLINA - Adults feeding heavily on weeds throughout State. One soybean field of 5 surveyed in southern Coastal Plain with 1 beetle per row foot. On corn seeds in this area and in Piedmont, little damage noted. (Johnson). VIRGINIA - (P. japonica) infested strawberries in Montgomery, Appomattox, Pulaski, Prince Edward, and Fairfax Counties during late June. Infestation and damage low, but may increase rapidly. (Allen). WEST VIRGINIA - First adults emerged in Kanawha.County June 16 (Cole); in Summers County June 20 (Moore). Adults caused moderate damage to Shade trees, roses, grapes, and vegetables in Kanawha, Putnam, and Mason Counties by June 29. (Hacker). MARYLAND - Adults emerged statewide; populations heaviest in Prince Georges and Montgomery Counties. Adult emergence expected to continue over next 7-10 days. Populations light but noticeable by homeowners. Controls applied to ornamental plantings in central county areas. (U. Md., Ent. Dept.). PENNSYLVANIA - First adults of season in Franklin County Seen on roses near Carlisle June 27. Adults collected on black locust in Harrisburg, Dauphin County, June 29, and on goldenrod in Montgomery County June 27. (Maxwell et ali )s PINK BOLLWORM (Pectinophora gossypiella) - ARIZONA - Larvae in many fields with blooms southeast of Safford, Graham County. One field with 60 percent of blooms rosetted. Boll infestations ranged 10-20 percent in some Yuma Valley fields, Yuma County. Few growers anxious to start spray program although only 2-4 percent infesta- tions found in most of their fields. (Ariz. Coop. Sur., June 30). WHITEFRINGED BEETLES (Graphognathus spp.) - NORTH CAROLINA - First adults of season found feeding on astor June 26 at airport in Rowan County. (Bowers). WOOLLY WHITEFLY (Aleurothrixus floccosus) - CALIFORNIA - Survey continued in San Diego, San Diego County. Some previously infested properties negative. Parasite activity increased; 2,321 parasites collected for release on 35 new properties: 2,245 Cales sp., 26 Amitus sp., and 50 Eretmocerus sp. (Cal. Coop. Rpt.). - 444 - HAWAII INSECT REPORT Corn —- CORN EARWORM (Heliothis zea) heavy in 1.5 acres of sweet Corn at Pupukea, Oahu; 62 percent of mature ears with one or more larvae; confined to silks and tips. Negligible in 2 acres at Waialua; less than one percent infested ears. (Kawamura). Turf and Pasture - GRASS WEBWORM (Herpetogramma licarsisalis) larvae heavy, up to 15 per square foot, in ld-acre Kikuyu grass pasture at Hana, Maui; damage heavy. Larvae less than 2 per square foot in other pastures in same area, with light spotty damage. Adults heavy in pastures at Kipahulu; larvae nil. (Ah Sam). General Vegetables - BEET ARMYWORM (Spodoptera exigua) light in 1.5 acres of broccoli at Waialua, Oahu; 10-15 percent of leaves affected on 30 percent of plants. Up to 9 (average 3) larvae per infested leaf. All stages of GREENHOUSE WHITEFLY (Trialeurodes vaporariorum) moderate to heavy in 1.5 acres of bittermelon at Pupukea, Oahu. Eggs and nymphs light on young terminal leaves in adjacent 0.5 acre of seequa (Luffa acutangula). Larval mines of LEAFMINER FLIES (Liriomyza spp.) moderate on older leaves; adults trace. All stages of T. vaporariorum trace in one acre of bush eons at Waialua. Leafminers generally light; moderate on older ves: (Kawamura). Fruits and Nuts - BLACK CITRUS APHID (Toxoptera aurantii) nymphs and adults moderate on young terminals of 4 Citrus plants at Naipahu, Oahu; Coelophora inaequalis (a lady beetle) moderate, oreying on aphids. T. aurantii population normally fluctuates with vegetative flushes of Citrus throughout year; however, several lady beetles and a parasite appear to keep pest under control. (Otsuka). General Pests - CHINESE ROSE BEETLE (Adoretus sinicus) damage heavy to foliage of 30 roadside Erythrina trees at Hana, Maui; up to 50 dercent of leaf area on many trees affected. Damage light in 0.5 ncre of peanuts at Keeau, Hawaii; 5-10 percent of leaves with light lamage. (Ah Sam, Matayoshi). i Forest and Shade Trees - KOA BUG (Coleotichus blackburniae) nymphs and adults light on 12 Acacia confusa trees at Mililani Memorial ark, Oahu. Sightings of this elusive endemic pest on this host quite common during past few months. (Kawamura). DETECTION New County Records - BROWN RECLUSE SPIDER (Loxosceles reclusa) MISSOURI - Andrew, Montgomery (p. 442). GREENBUG (Schizaphis graminum) ARKANSAS - Craighead (p. 437). PINE CHAFER (Anomala Oblivia) TENNESSEE - Hardin (p. 441). j | } / ) | | | | ) Bi S SNOIL3317105 dvual G-I/L 1937800 OIHO 9-F ‘Z/L 03184 G/L Neeuty40g G/L ‘62/9 AoreUstE VLONVG HLYON G/L-6Z/9 PUBTOUTA G/L-62/9 1oorqeeg G/L-62/9 TTFH BTL Ion AGSUG’ MAN 9% ‘¥z-zz/9 e°edtsso €/L 29T (49un09) GuIHSdNVH MAN G/L FFNTASZ300g§ 9/L UpLoouTT 62/9 Broany VuSVadan 9/L-0€/9- U0. 3uTYSEM €I/L-0€/9 e4eqqTtIH4O (44un09) IddISSISSIN 0€-Z22/9 Bues00 -0£-92/9 201U0N ¥/L-82/9 GonKeuUeT (430n09) NVDIHOIN €/L PLOTFUOI TOT ¥/L weery SuTTMog AMONLNG 22-91L/9 o[Tedem Zo-91/9 puetTsreyzNns Iz ‘L1/9 enbnqng VMOI 9/L-O0&/9 SETTTASeutey val uo ts LHSI1 - 446 OTYO ey} UO ‘eTUTSITA 780m ‘SInqsrexted *I9ATY OTUO 247 se yjnos avy Se uommod oem S,07 PUL *Sutuzow AepsanyL uo se ArTne ut [ooo os ueeq AeAeU peYyY SETITO FO requnu y ‘eueqely ‘weysutwatg uey}, 1oMreM soeisep OT S84 STUL *uoourtei7e Aepseupey Seeasep 9g OF poureMm Seuequoy ‘erTAeH *[Tem1oU MOTEeq Seetsep ZT OF 9 pesereae 1Seq 94} FO YON ‘outeW ‘U0, TNOH 4% Seeasep Gg--S,08 MOT 94} OF powseMm 4svoeyj}a0u sy, *“uooureyye Aepuns seeisep OOT 0} pewsreMm ‘SutwofmM ‘pueTIOM *UOTZEN 94} FO SOW OF soinj e1edusez eure USN0Ig Aepung *sseisep cP pepsro099er *IOATY ‘cep eSed worz penutquoo yeem ey} FO IOuZe9M KA S6 6L ST ST Tt @/L-60/9 eTueMOzZey Z/L-LE/9 LEVSsBVoueyT ¥/L-86/9 AoooueH NISNOOSIM €/L-82/9 “eszeM G/L-6¢/9 Atewoszu0H 0&-2Z/9 PULTIOH VINIDUIA L-€/L UOSTPeEN L-E/L UTTHUe IA L-&/L 12040 (43un0)) AASSANNAL G/L-SZ/9 +SeMq NOG G/L-SZ/9 +Seeu NOS G/L-GZ/9 Ter.098e9D (S29EISTC) VINVATASNNGd G/L-62/9 Weuour TOW G/L-62/9 UOTIeW G/L-62/9 eUeT (43un09) NoDauO SNOIL9371109 dval LHS - 447 Collections of Pink Bollworm Moths in a Light Trap, 1953 to 1971, Waco, Texas C.B. Cowan, Jr. 1/, C.R. Parencia, Jr. 2/, and R. N. McBride 17 A light trap has been operated by personnel of the Blackland ! Cotton Insects Investigations Laboratory, Waco, Texas, at the same location from 1953 to 1971. The trap was equipped with a mercury vapor lamp from 1953 through 1957 and with a blacklight lamp, thereafter. i | Moth collections of five species of Lepidoptera, during the years noted have provided much useful information. However, this brief report is concerned only with the pink bollworm. Figure 1 shows that more pink bollworm moths were collected in 1971 than in any previous year. The total, 61,897, was almost as. many as were collected (65,572) in the previous 18 years. The large number of moths collected in 1971 reflected the heavy infestation in the cotton crop resulting from late harvest and stalk destruction in 1970 due to adverse weather conditions followed by an extremely dry, mild winter. Figure 2 shows that the largest numbers of moths in 17 of the 19 years were collected in September, indicating that moth movement increasés greatly as the cotton crop matures and immature fruit becomes scarce. Peak collections occurred during August in 1954 and in 1963, both drouth years when the crop matured early. Collections of moths were low each year from April through mid- July indicating little movement of moths from overwintering larvae) and of moths during the main fruiting period. { y Parencia et al. (J. Econ. Ent. 55(5):692-695, 1962) stated: "Light trap data gave some indication of pink bollworm survival in early spring when moths migrated in search of fruiting fields. Lack of much moth movement between fields during the main fruit- ing period would make moth collection data valueless in pre- dicting the degree of infestation buildup during that important period when control measures may be needed. Collections late in the season served in part to index the abundance of the pest." The observations continue to be pertinent for the data accumulated? in subsequent years. i Entomology Research Division, Agr. Res. Serv., USDA, Waco, Texas 76710. 2/ Entomology Research Division, Agr. Res. Serv., USDA, Beltsville: Maryland 20705. | U.S. Dept. Agr. Coop. Econ. Ins. Rpt. 22 (28) :448-450, 1972 - 448 - SUX! “OVUM IY de¥Yl FTINIS WOMS SNOVLIFTIOT deol LHF TAT 131 TINNY ayes lel ap | Ae} th ASG ! Zea} || ae ! (He Oe Op IE} Oe) SON¢SIOHL - 449 - 7 te fo —+~ 79 =e ~ ~ GUXIL sa: mem yi i “ASONWTS as (ct 4 eas [ ae LHI TNIV TA FTINIS & WOMd SNOVLIFZIIOI AWIIM WHOMTIOI ANd 40 AININGIMA ‘“AQIN Ha] te fSE5 oN? A Wil? INT AUW Wedd? oe -- - =! — [7]! Ei - 450 - Oe Ie (ps, IRIFTIOI INTIMA pene U.S. DEPARTMENT OF AGRICULTURE HYATTSVILLE, MARYLAND 20782 POSTAGE AND FEES PAID OFFICIAL BUSINESS U.S. DEPARTMENT OF PENALTY FOR PRIVATE USE, $300 AGRICULTURE AGR 101 0004 SMINLISMIA122 33017 0001 SMITHSONIAN INSTITUTION LIBR=- | ARIES SMITHSONIAN INST | WASHINGTON DC 20560 | VOL. 22 No.29 g72 July 21, 1972 | | Ent r Cooperative CU Economic Insect Report Issued by PLANT PROTECTION AND QUARANTINE PROGRAMS ANIMAL AND PLANT HEALTH INSPECTION SERVICE U.S. DEPARTMENT OF AGRICULTURE ANIMAL AND PLANT HEALTH INSPECTION SERVICE PLANT PROTECTION AND QUARANTINE PROGRAMS ECONOMIC INSECT SURVEY AND DETECTION STAFF The Cooperative Economic Insect Report is issued weekly as a service to American Agriculture. Its contents are compiled from information supplied by cooperating State, Federal, and industrial entomologists and other agricultural workers. In releasing this material the Service serves as a Clearing house and does not assume responsibility for ac- curacy of the material. All reports and inquiries pertaining to this release, including the mailing list, should be sent to: The Editors, CEIR Economic Insect Survey and Detection Plant Protection and Quarantine Programs Animal and Plant Health Inspection Service United States Department of Agriculture Federal Center Building Hyattsville, Maryland 20782 Volume 22 iby 2 oe Number 28 COOPERATIVE ECONOMIC INSECT REPORT HIGHLIGHTS Current Conditions GREENBUG increased on sorghum in areas of Texas, Kansas, and Nebraska. POTATO LEAFHOPPER damaged alfalfa in Maryland and Missouri, increased in central and northeastern Ohio. Damage and populations expected to increase rapidly in Maryland with onset of hot weather. (pp. 453-454). CORN ROOTWORMS economic on corn statewide in Iowa. (p. 455). ALFALFA WEEVIL preventing regrowth of alfalfa in Montana; percent parasitism by an ichneumon wasp high in Wisconsin. PEA APHID heavy on alfalfa in areas of Utah, North Dakota, Minnesota, and Wisconsin. (p. 456). SUNFLOWER BLOSSOM MIDGE, a newly described species, potential problem on sunflower in west-central Minnesota. (p. 459). EUROPEAN RED MITE outbreaks potentially damaging in southern Ohio apple orchards. (p. 461). A NOTODONTID MOTH heavy in west-central Lower Michigan. Complete defoliation expected over much of area infested in 1971. (p. 462). SCREWWORM decreased in Southwest; total of 3,589 cases reported this period is 1,424 fewer cases than last period. (p. 463). GRASSHOPPERS pose severe threat on forage in southwest Wisconsin. (p. 457). Heavy on rangeland and cropland in Texas, Oklahoma, New Mexico, and Nevada. Controls completed or underway in other areas. (p. 465). First GYPSY MOTH larval infestation reported in Delaware. (p. 465). & SOYBEAN CYST NEMATODE reported for first time in Alabama. (p. 466). Detection New State records include ARMY CUTWORM in Michigan (p. 453), a _JUNIPER SAWFLY in Delaware (p. 463), a SCYTOTID SPIDER in Kansas (p. 464), and SOYBEAN CYST NEMATODE in Alabama. (p. 466). For new county records see page 460. Reports in this issue are for week ending July 14 unless other- wise indicated. - 451 - CONTENTS Special Insects of Regional Significance....... on000006 os oem itos Insects Affecting Corn, Sorghum, Sugarcane....454 Miscellaneous Field Crops.459 SMALL GRATIS > og0000000000000 455 Potatoes, Tomatoes, Turf, Pastures, Rangeland...456 PEPPELS ois. ssncie eee mor oo GI Forage Legumes....... Stoteneiemere 456 Deciduous Fruits and Nuts.461 SOWA oo Sb o occ oGmDCOOnOOS AS? CitPUS is. 2 ccs o c-crececuenemerene ... 461 PORNNTUS 54 5 o5b0cco00 Seatac canta 457 Small Pratee aaeuehenen -. 462 COTO Ns Go 6bo0o0 FDU OD Odo DODDDO 458 Forest and Shade “Trees... .462 MMOISEYCECOD>o 5600000000 SV ORVOIDEO Oso 459 Man and Animals...... 222. 463 DA UAC ELC G 4 646 o DODO OOO OO DUO DIO ODOUD OpOD OOO HOODOO OS Steet 2.460 COrerrG@erlOMSono50050 00000500000 KDDDDDDNODND a. siveciacis Gere iememe ~....460 Bene tic tad eINSeEE US! pase sels crensvere ce ieencie. ce iets oieceloie oldies neli tae me mene ... 464 Federal and State Plant Protection Programs. i ete eters S6.b1I0' clo" © 464 Hawadmes bisects e DOLiceiis ci) chen elencicne sel oncielciencnaleleyvele their enim Mncntene 72 46 Inplerloig Weeyo) (COILILeCiesteMms 4 soon oopdK0N at ej siteyieriens) Siete Ree rE SIS cid! 6-00 .468 Weather of “the Week.o.... 0.4... Dia a shar Sle ececey eo ette le ius memes San aerate . 470 NATIONAL WEATHER SERVICE'S 30-DAY OUTLOOK MID-JULY TO MID-AUGUST 1972 The National Weather Service's 30-day outlook for mid-July to mid- August is for temperatures to average above seasonal normals west of the Continental Divide. Below normal temperatures are indicated | elsewhere except for near normal in the Northeast as well as along the middle Atlantic and gulf coasts. Rainfall is expected to exceed normal over the eastern quarter of the Nation as well as the middle Mississippi Valley and eastern portions of the central and southern Plains. Subnormal totals are indicated for the northern Plains, California, and most of the Pacific Northwest as well as the Rio Grande Valley and the west gulf coast. Else- where near normal rainfall is in prospect. Weather forecast given here is based on the official 30-day "Resume and Outlook" published twice a month by the National Weather Service. You can subscribe through the Superintendent of Documents, Washington, D.C. 20250. Price $5.00 a year. - 452 - | SPECIAL INSECTS OF REGIONAL SIGNIFICANCE ARMY CUTWORM (Euxoa auxiliaris) - MICHIGAN - Larvae, 1-3 per square yard, taken on bentgrass green of golf course at Kalamazoo, Kalamazoo County, May 25 by B.L. Lee. Determined by D.M. Weisman. This is a new State record. Larvae damaged onions in Ottawa County July 6. Collected by R. VanKlompenberg. Determined by J.H. Newman. This is a new county record. (Sauer). ASTER LEAFHOPPER (Macrosteles fascifrons) - NORTH DAKOTA - Increased in some southeast and east-central counties. Ranged 100-700 (averaged 350) adults. and nymphs per 100 sweeps in wheat, barley, oats, and flax in Traill, Cass, Richland, and Ransom Counties. (Brandvik). CORN EARWORM (Heliothis zea) - MARYLAND - Below normal in corn but rapid increase expected:next 14 days. Ranged 2-4 per 100 ears in process and field corn in Wicomico, Dorchester, and Somerset Counties. (U. Md., Ent. Dept.). ARIZONA - Controls applied on field and sweet corn in Yuma County. (Ariz. Coop. Sur.). CORN LEAF APHID (Rhopalosiphum maidis) - TEXAS - Decreased throughout South Plains area near Lubbock. Ranged 0-2,000 per plant in fields inspected in 26 Panhandle counties. (Daniels, July 7). OKLAHOMA - Still on grain sorghum in Tillman County, predation by lady beetles reduced counts. (Okla. Coop. Sur.). KANSAS - Mostly light to moderate but occasionally heavy on sorghum in northeast, north-central, and central areas. (Bell). NORTH DAKOTA - Averaged 200 per 100 sweeps in several fields in Cass County. (Brandvik). MISSOURI - Light to moderate on sorghum throughout west-central and southwest areas. Colonies on 6-41 percent of plants in boot stage. (Munson). ILLINOIS - R. maidis percent infestation on field corn ranged up to 90 in central district, up to 60 in west-southwest district, up to 90 in southwest district. Very light with many whorls infested with only single winged adult. Weather very favorable for buildup. (111. Ins. Rpt.). INDIANA - Infestations infrequent in northern third of State; no colonies observed in corn sampled. (Meyer). Alates common in experimental corn in Tippecanoe County; colony formation begun. (Shade). Colonies observed in sorghum in Randolph County. (Matthew). GREENBUG (Schizaphis graminum) - TEXAS - Continued to increase on grain sorghum north of Dallas and Fort Worth. Very few fields in adjacent counties treated. Light to moderate in Wichita, Knox, Wilbarger, and Taylor Counties. Light and spotted on South Plains hear Lubbock. Colonies hard to find in most fields. Where colonies found, greenbugs averaged less than 50 per plant. Highest counts in Lubbock area on older grain sorghum; 200-750 per plant in 3 fields. Decreased in other areas. In Blacklands counties near Stephenville, parasites and predators increasing steadily. None detected in Hill County. Increased in northern Panhandle; moderate in Collingsworth County. (Turney et al., July 7). OKLAHOMA - Scattered and moderate in sorghum in Ottawa and Craig Counties. (Okla. Coop. Sur.). KANSAS - S. graminum increased rapidly on sorghum in eastern areas of north-central and central districts. Treatment needed in some fields, probably soon in‘others. Parasitic wasps and lady beetles generally light in area. Some heavy infestations still found in northeastern district, particularly in Leavenworth, - 453 - Jackson, Atchison, Brown, and Neosho Counties. Counts up to 4,000 per plant found on boot-stage sorghum in Brown County. Light in sorghum in southeast district as far north as Chanute, Neosho County; serious infestations frequently reported in counties further north and some southern counties in east-central district east of Emporia. Light on sorghum in western parts of north- central, central, south-central, and all western districts. Parasitic wasps generally light in greenbug-infested fields in most areas except in southeast district; control not as effective as in 1971. Lady beetles also generally light and ineffective. (Bell). NEBRASKA - Schizaphis graminum increased on grain sorghum in southeast and central districts. Heavy in some early planted fields, with 1-2 lower leaves killed. Controls reported. Ranged 10-1,200 per lower leaf in 20 grain sorghum fields in Saunders and Lancaster Counties. Occasional lady beetle adults, larvae, and egg masses seen. Predators generally light in most fields. Parasitism by Lysiphlebus testaceipes (a braconid) about 1 percent or less, but increasing. (Keith). ARKANSAS - S. graminum taken in Fulton, Lawrence, Mississippi, and Independence Counties for new county records. Widespread and heavy in Clay County; less extensive in Greene County. AS many as 5 leaves per plant red; up to 500+ aphids per leaf noted. Controls — applied. Light in other counties, biological control underway. Predators, especially lady beetles, very numerous in all areas; however, doubtful predators and parasites can control rapid increases in Clay and Greene Counties. (Boyer). MISSOURI - Light in most sorghum checked in southwest and west-central areas; aphids on 2-18 percent of plants. Most colonies small, no damage observed except in very dry areas. (Munson). INDIANA —- Alates and colonies occasional in sorghum in Randolph County field. Collected by D.L. Matthew July 10. This is a new county record. (Matthew). POTATO LEAFHOPPER (Empoasca fabae) - MARYLAND - Adults and nymphs caused light yellowing of alfalfa foliage in Frederick and Carroll Counties. Ranged 5-20 per sweep in heaviest infested alfalfa. Light in snap beans in Baltimore, Carroll, and Prince Georges Counties. Expect damage and population to increase rapidly with onset of hot weather. (U. Md., Ent. Dept.). OHIO - Nymphs and adults increased in alfalfa in central and northeastern counties, but not yet of economic significance. (Fox). MISSOURI - Heavy populations, 8-50 per sweep, caused some damage to alfalfa in dry areas. (Munson). SPOTTED ALFALFA APHID (Therioaphis maculata) - INDIANA - Ranged up to 100 per sweep in alfalfa field in St. Joseph County. This is a new county record. Previous catches made in contiguous Elkhart County, and in Kosciusko and Fulton Counties; previously reported from many counties in southern portion of State. (Meyer). WISCONSIN - Ranged up to 12 per sweep in alfalfa near Wisconsin River and up to 35 per sweep in one Marquette County field. Present in most alfalfa in northeastern counties; counts not heavy. (Wis. . Lusi. sUGeps. CORN, SORGHUM, SUGARCANE EUROPEAN CORN BORER (Ostrinia nubilalis) - WISCONSIN - Few moths still taken in blacklight traps in most areas, still heavy in some eastern counties. Larval feeding more evident in all areas. Larvae generally light in all areas, but counts high in some fields. Up to 30 percent of sweet corn infested in some Rock and - 454 - i b] i ‘Walworth County fields. Some treatment underway in Green Lake and ‘Fond du Lac Counties. (Wis. Ins. Sur.). INDIANA - Egg mass counts very low in northern districts, larvae ranged to second and ‘occasional third instar. Ostrinia nubilalis oviposition appears ‘spread over long period; some fields may accumulate large numbers of egg masses. Infestations above 50 percent observed in east- central counties. (Matthew, Meyer). TENNESSEE - Second-generation moths flying in Marshall County corn. (Pless). MARYLAND - ‘Development and emergence delayed 7-10 days due to cool, wet weather in June. Infestations on Eastern Shore light to moderate; infested stalks ranged 10-40 percent. Heavier in Baltimore, Howard, Montgomery, and Harford Counties; damaged stalks ranged 10-90 percent. Most borers on Eastern Shore pupated. Adult ‘emergence expected week ending July 21. (U. Md., Ent. Dept.). MAINE - Small numbers of eggs and larvae found in southern and western parts of State. (Gall). ‘LESSER CORNSTALK BORER (Elasmopalpus lignosellus) - ARIZONA - Some early sorghum plantings at Yuma, Yuma County, reduced up to +50 percent. (Ariz. Coop. Sur.). ‘CORN ROOTWORMS (Diabrotica spp.) - KANSAS - D. virgifera (western corn rootworm) emerged in corn in Atchison County July 6. ‘Emergence also reported in Brown, Greenwood, Lyon, Sheridan, Thomas, and Grant Counties. Some severe rootworm damage reported jin untreated corn in Grant County and in some corn in Sheridan and 'Thomas Counties. D. longicornis (northern corn rootworm) adults ‘reported in trace numbers in Greenwood County corn. (Bell). MISSOURI - D. virgifera adults ranged 0.5-5.5 per corn plant in 2 infested areas in southwest district. Very few fields in area with infestations. (Munson). IOWA - Larvae D. virgifera and D. jlongicornis ranged 11-45 (average 23) per plant in untreated corn field in Webster County. Larvae in second or third instar, 80 Eevcens in second stage. Larvae in Clayton County ranged Ge 30 (average 20) per plant; 80 percent third stage with 10 percent prepupae. Economic statewide. (Iowa Ins. Sur.). INDIANA. - Adults common in areas where first specimens seen last period in Porter and La Porte Counties. No economic infestations observed. (Matthew, Turpin). NEW JERSEY - Few D. longicornis seen on corn at localities in Warren and Hunterdon Counties. (Ins.-Dis. Newsltr.). SORGHUM MIDGE (Contarinia sorghicola) - TEXAS - Very heavy in some sections of central area. Ranged 15-80 per sorghum head in McLennan County. Present throughout most of North Central area, but in most cases not heavy enough to justify treatment. fee techer, Turney, July 7). SMALL GRAINS HESSIAN FLY (Mayetiola destructor) - SOUTH DAKOTA - Heavily damaged winter wheat in Elm Springs area, Meade County. Some fields in area with up to 25 percent damage. (Kantack). ENGLISH GRAIN APHID (Macrosiphum avenae) - NORTH DAKOTA - Prevalent jin most barley, wheat, and oats in Traill, Cass, Richland, and ‘Ransom Counties. Counts variable, ranged 50-400 (averaged 155) per 100 sweeps. Colonies present on leaves and heads. Much wheat iin these counties not headed out. (Brandvik). - 455 - TURF, PASTURES, RANGELAND FALL ARMYWORM (Spodoptera frugiperda) - GEORGIA - Larvae heavy in pastures in Tift County. (McCormick). CHINCH BUG (Blissus leucopterus leucopterus) - ILLINOIS - Ranged 80-120 per square foot in zoysia grass lawns in St. Clair County. | Chis ins: Rpt): i! FORAGE LEGUMES ALFALFA WEEVIL (Hypera postica) - MONTANA - Heavy on estimated 36,000 acres of alfalfa in Custer, Richland, Dawson, Wibaux,” Fallon, and Carter Counties. Most first-crop alfalfa cut early 4 enough not to be damaged. Weevil activity preventing regrowth of ~— second crop. (Pratt). MINNESOTA - Collected on alfalfa in Ramsey i County June 21 by H.C. Chiang. Determined by E.F. Cook. This is | a new county record. (Minn. Pest Rpt.). WISCONSIN - Larvae averaged) 3 per sweep in Grant County field, ranged 1-4 per 10 Sweeps in much alfalfa in northeastern area. Percent larval parasitism by Bathyplectes curculionis (an ichneumon wasp) by county: Dunn 33, St. Croix 50, Chippewa 80, Polk 50, Pierce 75, Eau Claire 80, | Iowa 80. (Wis. Ins. Sur.). KENTUCKY - Larvae averaged 40 per 100 ~ sweeps in prebloom alfalfa in Todd County. Mostly third and four tay instars averaged 2 per square foot in Fayette County alfalfa; eggs | averaged 13.8 per square foot. (Barnett). OHIO - Larvae per 50 sweeps on second-growth alfalfa by county: Morrow 32, Columbiana | 15, Holmes 21, Portage 132; Crawford 1 per sweep. Adults per 50 sweeps by county: Crawford 17, Mahoning 21, Portage 5. Less than 5 larvae per 50 sweeps found in mixed clover and timothy fields in Morrow and Geauga Counties. (Fox). | PEA APHID (Acyrthosiphon pisum) - UTAH - Averaged 700 per 10 sweeps in Delta, Sutherland, and Abraham area alfalfa in Millard County. (Parrish). Heavy in some Washington County fields. (Huber). NORTH DAKOTA —- Heavy on second-crop alfalfa in Traill, Cass, | Richland, and Ransom Counties; too heavy to count in some fields. | Estimates ranged 5-1,000 (averaged 400) per sweep. Second-cutting yields will be reduced in areas where moisture short. (Brandvik). MINNESOTA - Heavy on alfalfa in southwest, south-central, and west-central districts. Ranged 3,000-6,000 per 100 sweeps; up to estimated 25,000 per 100 sweeps in few cases. Second cutting of alfalfa begun in some fields. (Minn. Pest Rpt.). WISCONSIN - Counts varied in northeastern area alfalfa due to density of stands; ranged 30-300 per sweep in heavier growth. Counts much lower in southwestern area; ranged 12-25 per sweep. Increased in Rock County; ranged 40-60 per sweep. Averaged 7 per 10 sweeps in Bayfield County. (Wis. Ins. Sur.). KENTUCKY - Averaged 150 per 100 sweeps in Todd County alfalfa field. (Barnett). i | ( a } } | ALFALFA LEAF BLOTCH-MINER (Agromyza frontella) - VERMONT - Infesta-| tions declined noticeably on alfalfa regrowth. (MacCollom). } MASSACHUSETTS - Damage not obvious on 3-week-old untreated alfalfa in Hampshire and Berkshire Counties; however, adults very numerous, nearly every leaflet bears 10-30 feeding and oviposition punctures. (Jensen). NEW JERSEY - Mines easily found in second-cutting alfalfa throughout Burlington County. Significant leaf deterioration occurred in some fields. Hot weather and early | cutting important in limiting damage. (Ins.-Dis. Newsltr.). PENNSYLVANIA - Mines found in 0.24-37.8 percent of leaflets sampled in 4 alfalfa fields in Bucks and Northampton Counties, July 3-6. (McDonald, Valley). - 456 - BPs oppen - WISCONSIN - Severe threat on forage in some areas, 2specially in southwestern counties. Decreased in areas where vbove normal in previous years. Many eggs still hatching, nymphs rot evident on plants. Difficult to properly evaluate situation on statewide basis due to erratic nature of infestations. Heavy in southern Lafayette County, averaged 40+ per sweep in fields s*hecked. Averaged 15 per sweep in Dane and Green Counties, with = 8 per Sweep common. Averaged 25 per sweep in alfalfa field in ior thern Rock County, but well over 40 per sweep along roadside irea and moving into soybeans; ranged 6-10 per sweep in other varts of county. Light, 2-3 per 10 sweeps to highs of 5 per sweep, n Dodge, Fond du Lac, Sheboygan, Manitowac, Oconto, Brown, jutagamie, eastern Waupaca, Waushara, Green Lake, and Marinette Jounties. Moderate, 15 per square yard, along roadsides and 4 er Sweep in alfalfa, where heavy populations prevailed in 1971. elanoplus femurrubrum and M. sanguinipes dominant. (Wis. Ins. IEXICAN BEAN BEETLE (Epilachna varivestis) - MARYLAND - Above jormal, with good growing conditions; soybeans ahead of developing larvae. Larvae light in most fields in Kent, Talbot, Dorchester, ‘icomico, and Somerset Counties; heaviest counts ranged 7-20 larvae jer 3 row feet. Adults active, egg laying decreased. Foliage jamage ranged 5-20 percent in most Eastern Shore fields to date. ‘U. Md., Ent. Dept.). \EAN LEAF BEETLE (Cerotoma trifurcata) - MISSISSIPPI - Averaged 1 er 2 row feet on soybeans in Lowndes County. (Robinson). j HREESTRIPED BLISTER BEETLE (Epicauta lemniscata) - OKLAHOMA - his species and E. occidentalis heavy, damaged soybeans in Love jounty. Some fields treated. (Okla. Coop. Sur.). _JAPANESE WEEVIL (Calomycterus setarius) - IOWA - Adults completely strippped outside rows of soybeans near field of romegrass in Scott County. Infestation severe, second treatment ecessary for control. (Iowa Ins. Sur., July 7). EANUTS RANULATE CUTWORM (Feltia subterranea) - ALABAMA - Light larval nfestations in 20 peanut fields in Butler and Barbour Counties.. orresponds with infestations in several other counties during ast 7 to 15 days; expected all fields in 200,000+ acreage in 9 utheast counties affected. Some controls applied; doubtful if nfestations high enough to require areawide efforts. (Bond et is ). FLORIDA - Heavy, averaged 10 larvae per row foot in 50-acre eanut field at Newberry, Alachua County. Controls applied. Strayer). ESSER CORNSTALK BORER eee lignosellus) - FLORIDA - oderate in 50-acre field, damaged tap roots and pegs; controls pplied at Newberry, Alachua County. (Strayer). - 457 - COTTON BOLL WEEVIL (Anthonomus grandis) - TENNESSEE - Punctured squares ranged 1-35 percent. Peak emergence of first-generation weevils expected week of July 17. (Locke, Patrick). SOUTH CAROLINA - Emergence of overwintered weevils about complete. Few new genera-— tion weevils found in test plots. Adults per acre ranged 7-18 in treated plots, 0-189 in untreated plots. Larval infestations ranged 1-2 percent in treated plots. (Locke et al.). GEORGIA - Percent punctured squares ranged 0-26 in Wilcox County and 0-16 in Crisp County. (Hudson, Nix). ALABAMA - First-generation "hatchout" continued; relatively high throughout south and central area. Most growers began or continued controls. Some fields in | northern area reached damaging square infestations of 10-40 per- cent, most larger fields in thin wooded areas remain below 10 ‘| percent. (McQueen). MISSISSIPPI - Percent infestation by county: Sharkey, 2 on 200 acres; Noxubee, 18 on 20 acres and 8 on 260 acres; Chickasaw, 12 on 120 acres; Pontotoc, 5 on 100 acres; Madison, "hotspots" noted on 300 acres; Sunflower, 10 and 7 in 2 fields totaling 1,500 acres with treatment scheduled on 30 acres. (Robinson). LOUISIANA - Collected 71 A. grandis adults in traps this period; 47 in 12 traps in Madison Parish and 24 in 10 traps in Tensas Parish, all adjacent to ground trash collection sites. This makes totals of 2,734 weevils taken in traps in Madison Parish and 795 weevils taken in traps in Tensas Parish since March 17. In Madison Parish, punctured squares ranged 1-12 (average 4) percent in 14 fields; ranged 1-31 (average 10.3) percent in 22 plots. (Cleveland et al.). TEXAS - Punctured square counts remain light in McLennan and Falls Counties; however, very heavy weevil "hatchout” occurred this period and several growers began treatments. Percent punctured | squares averaged 4.2 (maximum 7) in 6 treated fields; averaged 2.9 (maximum 23) in 24 untreated'fields. (Cowan et al.). OKLAHOMA - A. grandis percent punctured squares by county: Jefferson 40-45, Jackson 5-9, and Tillman, Harmon, and Greer 3-5. Counts increased in Caddo and Washita Counties but averaged less than 10 percent. Averaged 24 percent in 11 fields checked in Bryan County. (Okla. Coop. Sur.). BOLLWORMS (Heliothis spp.) - TENNESSEE - H. zea infestations continued well below control levels. (LocKe, Patrick). SOUTH CAROLINA - Heliothis spp. larvae light in most fields; infesta- tions ranged 1-2 percent. (Locke et al.). GEORGIA - Counts per 100 terminals ranged 2-14 eggs and 2-11 larvae in Wilcox County and 2-15 eggs and 1-14 larvae in Crips County. (Hudson, Nix). MISSISSIPPI - Infestations light on 4,000 acres in Madison County, light on 120 acres in Chickasaw County, and averaged 2 percent on 200 acres in Sharkey County. (Robinson). LOUISIANA - Damaged | squares ranged 1-5 (average 2.3) percent in 10 of 14 fields | examined in Madison Parish; ranged 1-3 (average 1.3) percent in 9 of 22 plots checked. Damaged squares found in 3 of 4 fields examined in Tensas Parish; averaged 1 percent in 1 field, 2 per- cent in each of other 2 fields. (Cleveland et al.). TEXAS —- Counts per 100 terminals in Falls and McLennan Counties averaged 7.1 | (maximum 8.4) eggs and 1.5 (maximum 1.5) larvae in 6 treated fields: 5.8 (maximum 22) eggs and 3.9 (maximum 12.8) larvae in 24 | untreated fields. Percent damaged squares averaged 2.2 (maximum | 4.2) in 6 treated fields and 5.3 (maximum 18) in 24 untreated | - 458 - fields. Injured bolls averaged 1.5 (maximum 3.2) percent in 6 treated fields and 1.2 (maximum 5.2) percent in 22 untreated fields. Of 40 larvae collected on cotton, 4 determined H. virescens. Large increase of H. virescens moths noted in black- micitetsap., (Cowan et ’al:)¢* 7 COTTON FLEAHOPPER (Pseudatomoscelis seriatus) - OKLAHOMA - Ranged light to heavy in cotton in Harmon and Jackson Counties, heavy in Jefferson County, and light in Greer County. Ranged up to 50 per 100 terminals in Washita, Caddo, and Beckham Counties and 6-7 per 100 terminals in Tillman County. Moderate in Bryan, Marshall, Garvin, and Okmulgee Counties. (Okla. Coop. Sur.). CLOUDED PLANT BUG (Neurocolpus nubilis) - ALABAMA - Adults and hymph taken in cotton field at Mount Meigs, Montgomery County. This is a new county record. (Jenkins et al.). TOBACCO TOBACCO HORNWORM (Manduca sexta) - MARYLAND - Remained below economic levels in most fields. About 30 acres treated in Calvert and St. Marys Counties to date. Most counts ranged below 2 larvae per 50 plants. (U. Md., Ent. Dept.). KENTUCKY - Larvae averaged 4 per 100 tobacco plants in Christian County and 8 per 100 burley tobacco plants in Marshall County. (Barnett, Raney). TOBACCO BUDWORM (Heliothis virescens) - NORTH CAROLINA - Economic in 5 percent of 138 tobacco fields Surveyed July 10 and 11 in Surry County area. Increased about 1 percent since June 30. (Hunt). TOBACCO FLEA BEETLE (Epitrix hirtipennis) - MARYLAND - Light on type 32 tobacco; ranged 2-10 per plant in St. Marys, Charles, and Prince Georges Counties. No controls needed. (U. Md., Ent. Dept.). MISCELLANEOUS FIELD CROPS SUNFLOWER BLOSSOM MIDGE (Contarinia schulzi) - MINNESOTA - Potential problem on sunflower in Norman County. No adults seen, first larvae seen July 11 in volunteer sunflowers. Larvae heavy July 13 in cultivated sunflower field in northwestern part of county; ranged 60-100 per unopen blossom head in marginal rows. Misshapen, or cone-shaped heads, caused by this newly described gall forming midge, not seen but will appear soon. (Minn. Pest Rit). POTATOES, TOMATOES, PEPPERS COLORADO POTATO BEETLE (Leptinotarsa decemlineata) - MAINE - Becoming more common on potatoes throughout State. Scattered unsprayed fields show moderate to severe defoliation. Adults, eggs, and larvae present. Apparently due to lack of control, not to resistance. (Gall). POTATO APHID (Macrosiphum euphorbiae) - MARYLAND - This and Myzus persicae (green peach aphid) increased in most fields in Worcester and Somerset Counties. Populations light but expected to increase rapidly before harvest. Preplant systemic insecti- cides much weakened due to excessive rains during late June and early July. (U. Md., Ent. Dept.). - 459 - Potato Aphids in Maine - In untreated potato plots, 3 Myzus persicae (green peach aphid) at Houlton, Aroostook County, 2 at Lincoln, Penobscot County. Found one Acyrthosiphon solani (foxglove aphid) at Caribou, Aroostook County. Counted 182 Macrosiphum euphorbiae (potato aphid) at Lincoln, 37 at Houlton, 39 at Caribou; found 3 spring migrants at Caribou, one at Fort Fairfield, Aroostook County. Aphis nasturtii (buckthorn aphid) numerous at Lincoln; none found at Fort Fairfield. Erratic aphid populations primarily due to different planting dates and heights of plants. (Gall). -£ A SCIARID FLY (Pnyxia scabiei) - WASHINGTON - Larvae mining tubers (infested 25+ percent) for third consecutive year in large field near Eureka, Walla Walla County. Larvae associated with common scab which is more prevalent in 120-acre circular irrigation fields. (Landis). DETECTION New State Records — ARMY CUTWORM (Euxoa auxiliaris) - MICHIGAN - Kalamazoo County. (p. 453). A JUNIPER SAWFLY (Monoctenus melliceps) DELAWARE - Sussex County. (p. 463). A SCYTOTID SPIDER (Loxosceles refescens) - KANSAS - Riley County. (p. 464). SOYBEAN CYS NEMATODE (Heterodera glycines) - ALABAMA - Escambia County. (p. 466). New County Records —- ALFALFA WEEVIL (Hypera postica) MINNESOTA - Ramsey (p. 456). ARMY CUTWORM (Euxoa auxiliaris) MICHIGAN - Ottawa (p. 453). CEREAL LEAF BEETLE (Oulema melanopus) VIRGINIA - Spotsylvania (p. 464). CLOUDED PLANT BUG (Neurocolpus nubilis) ALABAMA - Montgomery (p. 459). A EULOPHID WASP (Tetrastichus julis) MICHIGAN - Clinton (p. 464). GREENBUG (Schizaphis graminum) ARKANSAS - Fulton, Lawrence, Mississippi, Independence. INDIANA - Randolph (p. 454). JAPANESE BEETLE (Popillia japonica) GEORGIA - Columbia. SOUTH CAROLINA - Fairfield (p. 466). SPOTTED ALFALFA APHID (Therioaphis maculata) INDIANA —- Joseph (p. 454). CORRECTIONS CEIR 22(27):429 - GRASSHOPPERS - Line 6: Oedaleonutus enigma should read Oedaleonotus enigma. CEIR 22(27):430 - Second paragraph under KANSAS - Agenotettix deorum should read Ageneotettix deorum. CEIR 22(27):431 - DETECTION - New County and Island Records - Line 5: (Schizaphus graminum) should read (Schizaphis graminum). CEIR 22(28):444 - JAPANESE BEETLE (Popillia japonica) - ALABAMA - Russell County should read Lee County. (McQueen). - 460 - ECIDUOUS FRUITS AND NUTS UROPEAN RED MITE (Panonychus ulmi) - MAINE - In commercial blocks, otile forms ranged from 0.04 to 5.00 per leaf. Egg counts heavy, anged 26-42 per leaf. Generally under control. in most orchards here miticides applied. Mites moved onto new foliage. Will soon e generally distributed throughout trees. (Gall). OHIO - Poten- ial damaging outbreaks detected in southern area orchards. ounts up to 20-25 per leaf on Red Delicous apples noted. In cen- ral area, populations up to 10 per leaf occurring. Emergency ontrols applied. (Holdsworth). ODLING MOTH (Laspeyresia pomonella) - MAINE - Pheromone trap atches increased sharply. Eggs readily found on fruit in unsprayed rchards, but no fruit entries seen yet. Earliest laid eggs should e hatching. (Gall, July 7). EARSLUG (Caliroa cerasi) - UTAH - Severe on cherry and pear Oliage in Cache and Weber County orchards. (Davis). IDAHO - ounty. Some smaller trees averaged one larva per leaf July 12. Gittins). ALL WEBWORM (Hyphantria cunea) - TENNESSEE - Heavy on pecan and alnut trees in western area. Many small webs on variety of trees mn central area. (Locke, Patrick). ILACKMARGINED APHID (Monellia costalis) - MISSISSIPPI - Moderate 0 heavy on pecans in Oktibbeha County; honeydew present. Robinson). i TRUS sect Situation in Florida - End of June - CITRUS RUST MITE Phyllocoptruta oleivora) infested 73 (norm 57) percent of groves; fonomic in 47 (norm 35) percent. Population very high and much ove normal. Will continue increase through July with rapid uildup on fruit. Highest districts south, west, central, and rth. TEXAS CITRUS MITE (Eutetranychus banksi) infested 72 (norm 4) percent of groves; economic in 52 (norm 53) percent. Popula- ion near average high level for June and near summer peak bundance, Decrease expected after mid-July. Highest districts entral, south, west, and east. CITRUS RED MITE (Panonychus citri) infested 38 (norm 68) percent of groves; economic in 12 (norm 43) ercent. Population lowest reported for June in 21 years of record. Dpulation approaching summer peak, expected to remain in low ae Highest districts are south and west. BLACK SCALE | : : } Saissetia oleae) infested 92 (norm 79) percent of groves; economic a 83 (norm 57) percent. More abundant than any time in 21 years f record. Further increase expected in July followed by decrease o August. Populations at high level in all districts: East, entral, south, north, and west. GLOVER SCALE (Lepidosaphes jloverii) infested 87 (norm 87) percent of groves; economic in 8 horm 28) percent. Population below normal and in moderate range. ittle change expected. Highest district central. PURPLE SCALE ue beckii) infested 71 (norm 77) percent of groves; economic in _(morm 10) percent. Below normal abundance and will remain at low r moderate level in all districts. AN ARMORED SCALE (Unaspis itri) infested 31 percent of groves; economic in 20 percent. acrease expected. - 461 - YELLOW SCALE (Aonidiella citrina) infested 42 (norm 66) percent of groves; none economic (norm 8 percent). CHAFF SCALE (Parlatoria ergandii) infested 42 (norm 64) percent of groves; none economic com Il percent). These scales will remain below normal and at low level. GREEN SCALE (Coccus viridis) infested 27 (norm 7) percent of groves; economic in 14 (norm 1) percent. Occurs in scattered areas of east, central, and south districts. Population higher than any prior month in 21 years of record. WHITEFLIES infested 84 (norm 73) percent of groves; economic in 27 (norm 26) percent. Population slightly above normal and high. Adults and eggs will be abundant on new flush until mid-July. Highest dis- tricts east, west, and north. MEALYBUGS infested 73 (norm 72) percent of groves; economic in 23 (norm 31) percent. Population increased into high range but slightly below normal. Decrease expected after mid-July. (W.A. Simanton (Citrus Expt. Sta., Lake Alfred)). ; COTTONYCUSHION SCALE (Icerya purchasi) - ARIZONA - Built up in lemon grove at Yuma, Yuma County. No Rodolia cardinalis (vedalia) present. (Ariz. Coop. Sur.). SMALL FRUITS RASPBERRY CANE BORER (Oberea bimaculata) - VERMONT - Girdling of new cane growth and wilting severe in commercial and home raspberry plantings. (MacCollom). WESTERN GRAPELEAF SKELETONIZER (Harrisina brillians) - UTAH - Caused moderate damage to grape foliage in "Dixie" area of Wash- ington County. (Huber). GRAPE PHYLLOXERA (Phylloxera vitifoliae) - PENNSYLVANIA - All stages taken on wine grapes in northeast Erie County. Averaged 14 galls per leaf; 47 percent of vines examined had one or more infested shoots. (Jubb). A SOFT SCALE (Saissetia miranda) - CALIFORNIA - Light to medium on fig in Brawley, Imperial County. (Cal. Coop. Rpt.). FOREST AND SHADE TREES ZIMMERMAN PINE MOTH (Dioryctria zimmermani) - OHIO - Seriously damaged red and white pine in Stark County. (Nielsen, Purrington). A NOTODONTID MOTH (Symmerista canicosta) - MICHIGAN - Egg hatch begun, egg laying continued heavy. Counts heavy throughout most of infested area in Lake, Oceana, Manistee, Mason, Muskegon, and Newaygo Counties. Complete defoliation expected over much of area infested in 1971. Overwintering mortality heavy in areas most heavily infested and completely defoliated early last year. Defol- iation may not be heavy in these areas this season. Egg parasitism heavy in some areas. (Eiber). SMALLER EUROPEAN ELM BARK BEETLE (Scolytus multistriatus) - OKLAHOMA - Adults feeding near ends of Siberian elm branches in Beaver, Beaver County; caused considerable leaf drop and dieback of terminals. (Okla. Coop. Sur.). - 462 - A JUNIPER SAWFLY (Monoctenus melliceps) - DELAWARE - Larvae heavy on juniper at Delmar, Sussex County. Collected by C. Phillips July 9, 1972. Determined by P.O. Burbutis. This is a new State record. (Burbutis). MAN AND ANIMALS SCREWWORM (Cochliomyia hominivorax) - Total of 3,589 confirmed cases reported in continental U.S. during period July 2-8. This was decrease of 1,424 cases from 5,013 cases reported for previous period. Screwworm cases for period July 2-8 by State as follows: Texas 3,518; New Mexico 19; Arizona 47; Oklahoma 4, Total of 505 cases confirmed in Mexico. Number of sterile flies released this period in U.S. totaled 191,716,000 as follows: Texas 167,430,000; New Mexico 3,270,000; Arizona 16,316,000; California 600,000; Louisiana 3, 940, 000; "Arkansas 160, 000. Total of 2,854, 000 sterile flies released in Mexico. (Anim. Health). FACE FLY (Musca autumnalis) - OHIO - Adults annoyed beef and dairy cattle throughout central and northeastern areas. Highest counts seen on Guernsey cattle in Crawford and Geauga Counties; averaged 40+ per face (Fox), and in Wayne 35+ per face (Treece). WISCONSIN - Light to moderately annoying to cattle in Polk, Chippewa, Columbia, Calumet, Jefferson, and Wood Counties. (Wis. Ins. Sur.). CALIFORNIA - Ranged 10-25 per face on cattle in Shasta County, and occurred in higher elevations. eae suffered, par- ticularly with eye problems. (Cal. Coop. Rpt. MOSQUITOES - MAINE - Aedes spp. still abundant in many areas; will create problems for at least 7-14 days. (Gall, July 7). MARYLAND - Annoyance levels of Aedes spp., mainly A. vexans, peaked in State. Populations of floodwater species above normal. Conditions for heavy adult emergence established during recent excessive flooding. (U. Md., Ent. Dept.). ARKANSAS - Psorophora confinnis averaged about 300 per night per New Jersey light trap in Lonoke County. (Boyer). WISCONSIN - Mosquitoes moderate in most areas, heavy in few localities. Severe localized annoyance to man and cattle reported in Iron, Calumet, Wood, and Chippewa Counties. (Wis. Ins. Sur.). MINNESOTA - Cool weather reduced light trap collections. Total count 3,346 compared with 9,300 previous week. A. vexans and Coquillettidia perturbans each accounted for 45 percent of total collections. A. triseriatus in 55 percent of larval collec- tions. C. perturbans dominant in evening bite collections. In day- time bite collections A. vexans dominant. (Minn. Pest Rpt.). UTAH - Mosquitoes very troublesome over much of Rich, Uintah, Cache, and Duchesne Counties. (Knowlton, Hanson). Very annoying in St. George, Bloomington, Shivwit areas of Washington County. (Huber). Mosquitoes seriously annoyed horses throughout much of Uintah and Duchesne Counties. (Knowlton, Hanson). Annoying with fogging underway in Logan area of Cache County. (Roberts). Serious in northern Skull Valley, Tooele County. (Knowlton). Heavy and annoying on farms in west Delta, Sutherland, and Abraham areas of Millard County. (Parrish). Very troublesome to man and livestock along Virgin River, Washington Fields, and through Shivwit Reser- vation in Washington County. (Huber). CALIFORNIA - Annoyance increased as populations increased over State. (Cal. Coop. Rpt.). - 463 - HORN FLY (Haematobia irritans) - ALABAMA - Ranged 200-500 per animal in herd of 75 at catchpen in Bibb County. (Owens et al.). MISSISSIPPI - Averaged 200 per head on cattle in Pontotoc County. (Robinson). TEXAS - Ranged 200-2,000 per cow in Trans-Pecos area. Moderate in Wichita, Young, Baylor, and Shackelford Counties; heavy in Archer County. Continued to increase on livestock in all Blacklands counties. (Neeb et al., July 7). OKLAHOMA - Heavy on cattle in Craig and Garvin Counties; moderate in Beaver, Pawnee, Oklahoma, and Cleveland Counties; light in Ottawa and Hughes ; Counties. (Okla. Coop. Sur.). SOUTH DAKOTA - Counts per side in northern Meade County: 400-1,000 (averaged 800) on cows, 7-40 (averaged 21) on calves, about 900 on bulls. (Jones). NORTH DAKOTA - Quite variable on 4 beef herds in Richland and Ransom Counties; ranged 10-700 per animal. (Brandvik). WISCONSIN - Annoyance to cattle ranged light to moderate in Polk, Chippewa, Columbia, Calumet, Jefferson, and Wood Counties. (Wis. Ins. Sur.). BLACK FLIES (Simulium spp.) - MAINE - Increased at Orono, but gen- erally less abundant than in 1971. Populations declining in many areas of State. (Gall, July 7). A SCYTOTID SPIDER (Loxosceles rufescens) - KANSAS - Collected in building in Manhattan, Riley County, by R.J. Elzinga during August 1970. Determined by N. Heryford; confirmed by W.J. Gertsch. This is a new State record. (Bell). BENEFICIAL INSECTS LADY BEETLES - UTAH - These and other predators became more numer- ous and effective in alfalfa fields and home gardens in Cache, Millard, and Weber Counties. (Knowlton, Parrish). ARKANSAS — Reproduction of Hippodamia convergens and Coleomegilla maculata heavy, especially in fields infested with Schizaphis graminum (greenbug). H. convergens more numerous than C, maculata in sor- ghum. In 1971, C. maculata out-numbered H. convergens in sorghum and corn. All stages of lady beetles present. (Boyer). A EULOPHID WASP (Tetrastichus julis) - MICHIGAN - Recovered in Ovid Township in Clinton County June 9 by G. McQueen. This isa new county record. Originally released at this location June 9 and June 18, 1971. (Sauer). FEDERAL AND STATE PLANT PROTECTION PROGRAMS CEREAL LEAF BEETLE (Oulema melanopus) - VIRGINIA - Adults taken on oats in Spotsylvania County June 2 by G.H. Hall. This is a new - county record. (PP). COMSTOCK MEALYBUG (Pseudococcus comstocki) - CALIFORNIA - New in- festation on mulberry in Springville, Tulare County, 10 miles from Porterville infestation. Extent of infestation being checked. Bio-control release of Cryptolaemus spp. (lady beetles) and lacewings continued. Total of 2,600,000 Cryptolaemus spp. and 1,174,000 lacewings released in Porterville. Ant control necessary in release area. Cryptolaemus spp. activity slowed; lacewing pop- ulations maintained themselves. (Cal. Coop. Rpt.). EUROPEAN CHAFER (Amphimallon majalis) - NEW YORK - First flight observed June 26 in Newark, Wayne County. (N.Y. Wkly. Rpt.). OHIO - Twelve adults noted in flight evening of July 11 in - 464 - Cleveland. Previously, last adults usually ended flight by July 6. Cool, wet weather believed cause of change in pattern (Custer, Roach). GRASSHOPPERS - NORTH DAKOTA - Infested 2,900 acres of rangeland in Hankinson Block of Sheyenne National Grasslands in Richland County. Ranged 4-20 (averaged 10) per square yard. Melanoplus sanguinipes dominant. (Grasser). TEXAS - Melanoplus spp. and other grasshoppers ranged 40-100 per square yard in isolated alfalfa fields in Ward and Midlanfé Counties. Heavy in several High Plains and Trans-Pecos counties. Heavy in Collingsworth, Randall, Gray, Carson, and Potter Counties. Some end row and pasture treatments applied. Heavy in Brewster County; ranged 20-45 per square yard. (Clymer, Neeb, July 7). OKLAHOMA - Cooperative control program completed on 38,000 rangeland acres in Beaver County. Grasshoppers heavy and damaged soybeans in Wagoner County; moderate in mungbeans in Garfield County. (Okla. Coop. Sur.). NEW MEXICO - Heavy on about 1,100,000 acres of rangeland in Quay, Guadalupe, De Baca, Curry, and Roosevelt Counties. (N.M. Coop. Rpt.). NEVADA - Melanoplus Sanguinipes 90 percent), and M. femurrubrum and Camnula pellucida (10 percent), ranged 18-20 per square yard on 100 acres of alfalfa and 100 acres of tall wheatgrass and ryegrass in Rye Patch aie Pershing County; damage heaviest to alfalfa. (Munk, Nishida). M. sanguinipes (98 percent) and M. bivittatus (2 percent) aed 20-30 per square yard on 1,400 acres of native meadow and alfalfa and 200 acres of Federal rangeland at Quinn River Crossing Ranch, Humboldt County; greasewood completely defoliated on rangeland. Treatment planned. (Rowe). OREGON - Spraying for control of M. sanguinipes, C. pellucida, Oedaleonotus enigma, M. bivittatus, and M. packardii currently underway on total of 548,000 acres in Baker, Union, Morrow, and Grant Counties. Controls scheduled July 15 in Wallowa County on about 140,000 acres. Grasshopper development estimated at least 14 days later than normal. Most in third and fourth instars, few adults found. (Jackson). GYPSY MOTH (Porthetria dispar) - MASSACHUSETTS - Larvae damaging in several counties since June 20; especially so on abandoned apple trees. (Jensen, July 7). RHODE ISLAND - First pupae observed July 3; larvae feeding on wide range of trees and undergrowth in Washington County. (Relli, Field, July 7). PENNSYLVANIA - Pupae seen at Pecks Pond, Pike County, for first time in area; defolia- tion heavy. (Jackowski, July 6). Adults heavy in Bridgeton Town- ship, Bucks County. Males, females, and egg laying noted. (Raub). DELAWARE - Larvae found feeding on Norway maple in New Castle County July 7. Collected by J.S. McDaniels, determined by P.O. Burbutis, (Burbutis). This is first larval infestation reported in State. Moths previously trapped in State in 1969 and 1970. (PP). JAPANESE BEETLE (Popillia japonica) - MAINE - Single localized infestation reported in Augusta, Kennebec County. Less severe than in 1971. (Gall). VERMONT - Heavy on raspberry and grapes in infested areas. Common on ornamentals. (MacCollom). RHODE ISLAND - First adults of season in Providence County July 10. (Relli). ‘NEW JERSEY - Common on flowering plants in central counties. (Ins.- Dis. Newsltr.). PENNSYLVANIA - Adults seen on various ornamental plants in Montgomery, Bucks, Chester, and Philadelphia Counties. (Raub, July 6). OHIO - First adult emergence seen June 29. (Wille, Turner). NORTH CAROLINA - Variable infestations over State. - 465 - Infestations in 3 cornfields in southern Coastal Plain ranged up to 8 adults per silking ear. Of 10 soybean fields surveyed in Coastal Plain, 2 infestations ranged up to 1 per row foot. Some areas report very light populations. (Hunt). SOUTH CAROLINA - Trapped 15 adults along State Highway 215 near Jenkinsville, Fairfield County, June 21, by J.L. King. This is a new county record. Trapped 10 adults July 3 west of Highway I-85 in Anderson County. (King). GEORGIA - Adults collected along roadside at Martines in Columbia County June 21 by Hargrove and M.C. Blount. This is a new county record. (PP). TENNESSEE - Adults trapped in new areas of Hawkins, Monroe, Morgan, Roane, and Sullivan Counties. (PP). Adult trapped at farmers market in Memphis, Shelby County, June 6. (Jackson, Burner). PINK BOLLWORM (Pectinophora gossypiella) - ARIZONA - Infestation 56 percent in one Yuma Valley field; ranged 0-17 percent in Yuma County. Boll infestations ranged 1-3 percent at Parker Valley. Light throughout Safford area, Graham County, and San Simon area, Cochise County. (Ariz. Coop. Sur.). FLORIDA - Four larvae, 7 pupae taken from wild cotton at 2 Key Largo locations and 3 larvae taken from wild cotton on Upper Key Largo, Monroe County, June 30. (Creamer). SOYBEAN CYST NEMATODE (Heterodera glycines) - ALABAMA - Cysts collected on soybeans near Atmore, EScambia County, July 11 by T. Lemons and Daniel. Determined by A.M. Golden. This is a new State record. (PP). WOOLLY WHITEFLY (Aleurothrixus floccosus) - CALIFORNIA - Inspec- tion continued in areas outside known infested area in San Diego, San Diego County. Very light in new properties in northern area, 13 in southern part of San Diego. Weather continues to deter parasite activity. Presently 177 release sites located in area. Some parasites collected and released at new sites. (Cal. Coop. pit - 466 - i | HAWAII INSECT REPORT General Vegetables - WESTERN FLOWER THRIPS (Frankliniella occiden- talis) heavy in one acre of bush beans at Waialua, Oahu. About 40 ‘percent of planting with 50+ nymphs and adults per leaf except on young terminal leaves. Moderate scarification of heavily infested leaves. Trace in remaining acreage. PEPPER WEEVIL (Anthonomus eugenii) larvae light on fruits in 2 acres of sweet peppers at ‘Wakaha, Oahu. Severe on this host in late April resulting in 100 percent fruit infestation. LEAFMINER FLIES (Liriomyza spp.) moderate in green onion fields at Waianae, Oahu; mines ranged light ‘to moderate on 35-45 percent of leaves. BEET ARMYWORM (Spodoptera exigua) moderate in 2-acre onion planting; 15-20 percent of leaves With One or more larvae. Liriomyza spp. heavy in 0.75 acre of ‘young snap beans; up to 8 adults and 20 pupae per leaf. Liriomyza spp. mines and CARMINE SPIDER MITE (Tetranychus cinnabarinus) ‘moderate to heavy on older leaves. (Kawamura). General Pests - SOUTHERN GREEN STINK BUG (Nezara viridula) adult ‘activity moderate in yard plantings of orchids at Wailuku, Maui; caused 10-30 percent bud drop. Moderate in yard planting of long ‘beans at same area. Adults light in one acre of eggplant at Waianae, Oahu; 5 of 6 adults observed bore eggs of Trichopoda pennipes (a tachina fly). (Miyahira, Kawamura). Beneficial Insects - PUNCTUREVINE STEM WEEVIL (Microlarinus Typriformis) larval activity heavy in nodes of puncturevine ‘(ribulus terrestris) in various areas on Maui. Of minimum of 50 internodes examined at 4 locales, effects of activity ranged from zero at Lahaina to 100 percent at Waikapu. Of 71 T. cistoides ‘internodes examined at Waikapu, 68 percent exhibited similar activity. (Miyahira). Field examination of Melastoma malabathricum (Indian rhododendron) at various areas on Hawaii during June showed average of 40 percent of fruits and terminals infested by larvae of a NOCTUID MOTH (Selca brunella). On Kauai, fruits examined during same month showed infestations of 44 and 14 per- cent, respectively, at Hanahanapuni and Knudsen Gap. (Miyahira, Sugawa). Light numbers of Trathala flavoorbitalis and Casinaria infesta (ichneumon wasps) and Eucelatoria armigera (a tachina fly) emerged from larvae of GRASS WEBWORM (Herpetogramma licarsisalis) ‘collected from lightly infested Kikuyu grass pastures at Ulupala- ‘kua, Maui, during June. (Miyahira). Twenty one adults of a CHALCID ‘@rachymeria obscurata) emerged from 25 Hedylepta blackburni (Goconut Teafroller) pupae collected from lightly infested coconut trees at Wailua, Kauai. B. obscurata purposely introduced in 1895 from Japan to aid in control of Chrysodeixis chalcites (a noctuid moth. (Sugawa). - 467 - € fe} 1d O1-€/L 3043q Mon i ¥ Tq OL-€/ZL STLTW Uetpuy Zz ¥ Td OT-€/L OLOqseaq AXSUR’ MIN ezt | 6 z v 891 Td @L/L FFINTUS}300g ec9 | O€€| Z € z € €1¢ || Ta €T/L uloourt 6 Ts € T GS €6 Id 9/L Bxrommy VASVUdGN i Ot €9T | Z GZ c (46 Taz €1I-L/L u0zsuTYysem 80 | LZ T IT TOT] € TI c 9 Td 6-€/L Aexzeys (43un0)) IddISSISSIW Ee 9 1d TI-S/L u0zSuTYyz10M EE (44 Td TI-S/L STT®@q sn3s10eq 9 Td ITI-S/L woxsyoorp VLOSANNIWN est ZL Ta 8-T/L eues00 LZ 46 Ta | $-Z/L eo0ru0K CLT cI Td II-S/L eemeueyT (49un09) NVDIHOIN 62 | € Ta @I-9/L uoz,eouT Ad eT Ta TI/Z ue0cery Sut [Mog MIONING € ¢ T € Td GT-OL ‘¢/L €4TU0TM LL v 8 z Ta ol ‘TT/L uezzeyuey 80L | 8 L Ze Td OL/L Buzenety SVSNVU LE Td 9/L-0€/9 OTTEdem @LT. || Ta 9/L eymeuey 68T || Ta 9/L-0€/9 PTEeTySuooVeg VMOI ET-L/L PTT FAseutey VaIuola SNOILI371105 dval LH9I1 - 468 - LIGHT TRAP COLLECTICNS NORTH DAKOTA Bismarck 6/28, 7/7, 9 Bottineau 7/6, 10 Fargo 7/6-12 PENNSYLVANIA (Districts Central 6/29-7/11 Southeast 6/29-7/11 Southwest 6/29-7/11 SOUTH DAKOTA (County) Brookings 7/5-10 TENNESSEE (County) Dyer 7/10-14 Franklin 7/10-14 Madison 7/10-14 - 469 TEXAS Waco 7/6-13 Montgomery 7/6-12 Petersburg 7/1-11 Warsaw 7/4-10 VIRGINIA Hartford 7/4-10 Lancaster 7/3-11 Mazomanie 7/3-12 WISCONSIN WEATHER OF THE WEEK ENDING JULY 10 Reprinted from Weekly Weather and Crop Bulletin supplied by Environmental Data Service, NOAA. HIGHLIGHTS: Summer heat intensified in the west. The Northeast warmed, averaging 5 to 10 degrees warmer than the previous week. A large area from California to the central Rocky Mountains received no rain. PRECIPITATION: A large High moved off the Atlantic coast early in the week. Southwesterly winds behind the High spread moisture laden | air over central and eastern portions of the Nation, setting the stage for widespread thunderstorm activity. Thunderstorms were widely scattered and generally light from the Rocky Mountains to the Atlantic coast Monday. Heavy showers doused a few spots in the central Great Plains. Overnight rains of 4 to 5 inches in western Kansas, 4.71 inches at Kearney, Nebraska, and up to 6 inches at Red Cloud, Nebraska, overflowed creeks and rivers. About 5 inches of rain at Mieregrove, Minnesota, in 2 hours Tuesday night flooded the village and heavy thundershowers in eastern Nebraska and western Iowa caused creeks to rise in those areas. A weak tropical storm moved inland near Myrtle Beach, South Carolina, Tuesday night.) It dumped a 2-day total of 3 to 6 inches of rain over the eastern portions of the Carolinas and northward to New England. With the soils already saturated by previous rains, only moderate showers produced local flooding in some areas. The heaviest weekend showers were in the central Great Plains. Over 3 inches fell at Dodge City, Kansas, in 6 hours Sunday morning. Some severe thunder- storms with hail and high winds occurred over the upper and middle Mississippi River Valley. Hail 3 to 4 inches in diameter caused property damage about 12 miles east of La Crosse, Wisconsin, Sunday afternoon, Much of the West received no rain. Over mid- America and the East, amounts were very unevenly distributed. TEMPERATURE: A High weakened and moved off the Atlantic coast Southwesterly winds behind the High brought warm, moist air from the Gulf of Mexico. Temperatures Monday afternoon were in the 90's over the Great Plains and the 80's over most of the East. Worland, Wyoming, recorded 100 degrees Monday afternoon. The Pacific North- west was moderately cool early in the week but warmed considerably by midweek. Pendleton, Oregon, recorded 97 degrees Wednesday after-- noon. The mercury reached the 100-degree mark daily in the Desert Southwest. Nighttime temperatures were only a few degrees below 100 degrees. Needles, California, registered 97 degrees 2 o'clock Wednesday morning and 118 degrees in the afternoon. Summer heat | prevailed over most of the Nation by midweek. Afternoon tempera- | tures soared to the 90's over most of New York and parts of New England reaching 94 degrees at Boston, Massachusetts, Wednesday. In the opposite corner of the Nation, Furnace Creek in Death Valley, California, recorded 125 degrees. A High off the Atlantic coast pumped 90 degrees of heat northward along the Atlantic i seaboard over the weekend. The central Great Plains cooled. : Salina, Kansas, registered 107 degrees Friday but only 70 degrees Saturday. Heat intensified in the Northwest. The Dalles, Oregon, recorded 101 degrees Sunday afternoon Blistering heat continued in the Sacramento Valley in California. Red Bluff, in the northern end of the valley, recorded 118 degrees Friday and Stockton registered 114 degrees, the warmest Stockton has ever been. Fur- nace Creek in Death Valley, California, recorded 128 degrees Fri- | day and Saturday. Temperatures averaged above normal over the i { | West and Northeast and below normal over mid-America and the Southwest. - 470 - U.S. DEPARTMENT OF AGRICULTURE HYATTSVILLE, MARYLAND 20782 POSTAGE AND FEES PAID OFFICIAL BUSINESS U.S. DEPARTMENT OF PENALTY FOR PRIVATE USE, $300 AGRICULTURE AGR 101 i 23¢17 o0OCcl CCC4 SMINLISNIAL22 2 SMITHSCNIAN INSTITUTICN LIER ARIES SNITHSCNIAR ris WASHING TCA CC 2€56C VOL. 22No. 30 2°22 July 28, 1972 One ia Cooperative Economic Insect Report Issued by PLANT PROTECTION AND QUARANTINE PROGRAMS ANIMAL AND PLANT HEALTH INSPECTION SERVICE U.S DEPARTMENT OF AGRICULTURE ANIMAL AND PLANT HEALTH INSPECTION SERVICE PLANT PROTECTION AND QUARANTINE PROGRAMS ECONOMIC INSECT SURVEY AND DETECTION STAFF The Cooperative Economic Insect Report is issued weekly as a service to American Agriculture. Its contents are compiled from information supplied by cooperating State, Federal, and industrial entomologists and other agricultural workers. In releasing this material the Service serves as a clearing house and does not assume responsibility for ac- curacy of the material. All reports and inquiries pertaining to this ieleases including the mailing list, should be sent to: the) Widest os, Clik Economic Insect Survey and Detection Plant Protection and Quarantine Programs Animal and Plant Health Inspection Service United States Department of Agriculture Federal Center Building Hyattsville, Maryland 20782 Volume 22 July 28, 1972 Number 30 COOPERATIVE ECONOMIC INSECT REPORT | HIGHLIGHTS | Current Conditions GREENBUG heavy or economic on sorghum in areas of Texas, Kansas, and Nebraska. Also economic in Indiana where first infestations on sorghum recorded. POTATO LEAFHOPPER threatening on forage in _ Ohio, heavy on alfalfa in Maryland and Virginia. (pp. 473-474). CORN ROOTWORM adults emerging; damage to corn reported in Oklahoma, Nebraska, Illinois, and Ohio. (p. 475). Second EUROPEAN CORN BORER adult flight underway in Delaware; larvae . heavier than in recent years in Michigan. (p. 476). MEXICAN BEAN BEETLE expected to be economic on soybeans in Maryland. (p. 478). BOLL WEEVIL heavy on 90,000 acres in Alabama; damage heavier than in 1971 in North Carolina. (p. 478). SUNFLOWER BLOSSOM MIDGE continues a problem on sunflower in Red River Valley of Minnesota and North Dakota. HOP APHID, HOP LOOPER, and TWOSPOTTED SPIDER MITE general on hops in Yakima Valley of Washington. (p. 480). COLORADO POTATO BEETLE a problem in most potato-growing areas of Maine. (p. 480). SPRUCE BUDWORM will be a major forest pest in Lower Michigan, and JACK PINE BUDWORM infesting most jack pine stands throughout northern portion of Lower Peninsula. (p. 483). GRASSHOPPERS economic on 2,500,000 acres of rangeland in Idaho. (p. 486). Detection A THRIPS collected in California is a new North American @ record. This species is known from the Canary Islands and Spain. Host range includes citrus, willow, and acacia. (p. 483). New State records include ALFALFA LEAF BLOTCH-MINER in Vermont (p. 478) and a GRASSHOPPER in New Hampshire (p. 481). For new county records see page 481. Reports in this issue are for week ending July 21 unless other- wise indicated. - 471 - CONTENTS Special Insects of Regional Significance....... OOO GoOOGGODOCO0dD 473 Insects Affecting Corn, Sorghum, Sugarcane....475 Potatoes, Tomatoes, SMaAdT LGr ae Sis Suvi sevswe leis easter seas 477 PEPPELS 5 2). <)sic/ec.0 « Soho ASO Turf, Pastures, Rangeland...477 Beans and Peas............ 481 Forage Legumes...........ee-. 477 General Vegetables....... . 481 BSOV DEANS fi a actorels see scoreaemeecele ee 478 Deciduous Fruits and Nuts. .482 PEANDWESS obs een ace eee vee ee 408°" CHELUS... oe sec coe ce eee 482 COETON is cys kw ars oe ow sp enspene 478 Ornamentals. . .. /..5eee 483 ODAC C Ovi isc jsic eee aieuece ee sterol ara 479 Forest and Shade Trees.....483 Susp aA IBESUSR aus eens crate oiere eens 480 Man and Animals............ 484 Miscellaneous Field Crops...480 DE CSC DVO, 515 taser ite costa 8st suis es fo) ny eters, oncestees arse ob eee ae .. 481 Beneficial Insects 25 cst cc 2 cs 6 bees oe be ie bce hee eee 485 Federal and State Plant Protection Programs............c.ccecece 485 Hawadd. INSect REPOr Gs sc ece-sig «o/s. sie. + ep ane 6 eyeheione oud la ct) scene ee 487 COLMECTVONSR Nee cies hie he oa or ace Ska Se eh eo eee sh shencies ene Ored Light Trap Colleetions., « .......% $c0o08 © ooh te shee. eee 488 WEATHER OF THE WEEK ENDING JULY 24 Reprinted from Weekly Weather and Crop Bulletin supplied by Environmental Data Service, NOAA. PRECIPITATION: Vigorous thunderstorms broke out along a quasi Stationary front which early in week stretched from the Great Lakes to the Texas Panhandle. Some thunderstorms produced hail and heavy rain. Hail of 1l-inch size bounced off the streets of Calamis, Iowa, 5 inches of rain fell at Lowden, Iowa. These towns are about 20 miles northwest of Davenport. Twisters occurred in central Kansas, east-central Iowa, and northern Illinois late Monday evening. The most severe damaged farmsteads and injured cattle north-northeast of Peoria, Illinois. Heavy rains approaching 10 inches and strong winds caused property damage west of Chicago early Tuesday. After the front across mid-America dis- Sipated about midweek, another front farther north brought active weather to the northern and central Great Plains. Showers were especially heavy north of St. Cloud, Minnesota, where 10.84 inches fell at Ft. Ripley, 8.90 inches at Long Prairie, and 8.10 inches at Onamia in the 24-hour period ending Saturday morning. The central] Great Plains received substantial showers Sunday and light rains fell in the Deep South. The Far Southwest continued dry. Numerous dust devils swirled across the desert near Blythe, California, Wednesday afternoon. TEMPERATURE: On Monday, July 17, a mountain of air with a central pressure of 1025 millibars was centered about 600 miles northeast of Bermuda. This Bermuda High as it is frequently called moved westward reaching the Carolina coast Thursday. By Friday morning it had become quasi stationary over the western Carolinas. Very light but generally southernly breezes over the backside of the High spread warm, humid, hazy weather along the eastern edge of the Nation early in the week and the eastern half of the Nation by Friday. Weather of the week continued on page 490. - 472 - | | _ SPECIAL INSECTS OF REGIONAL SIGNIFICANCE ARMYWORM (Pseudaletia unipuncta) - OHIO - Total of 1,153 adults taken in 3 blacklight traps in single night in Wayne County. Largest number taken in single night in 7 years. (Rings). NEW “YORK - Larvae in whorls of corn in some areas; ragging of leaves evident. (N.Y. Wkly. Rpt., July 17). VERMONT - Present in 2 corn 'fields in Washington County; damage severe in one field. (MacCollom) . CORN LEAF APHID (Rhopalosiphum maidis) - OKLAHOMA - Ranged 0-50 per plant in most grain sorghum checked in northeast area. Ranged 100-300 per plant in few fields. Numbers declined due to plant maturity, predators, and parasites. (Okla. Coop. Sur.). KANSAS - Light to moderate in most of State; some heavy popula- tions seen in Finney, Grant, Haskell, and Stevens Counties of ‘southwest district. (Bell). WISCONSIN - Gradually increased in ‘corn tassels. About 80 percent of tassels infested in most | fields; aphids very light on each plant except in few fields. Predators increased. (Wis. Ins. Sur.). ILLINOIS - Increased, but no fields with serious damage seen. (I11. Ins. Rpt.). OHIO - Variable on field corn in southeast area. Heaviest counts found in 3 fields in Washington County; heavy in whorls of 95 percent of plants. Populations lighter in Licking County, with 7 of every (10 plants infested. (Fox). MARYLAND - Continued well below normal in few corn fields in Dorchester and Wicomico Counties. Infested stalks ranged 5-10 percent in these fields. (U. Md., Ent. Dept.). -GREENBUG (Schizaphis graminum) - ARIZONA - Infested field of 2 to 3-foot sorghum, up to 1,000 aphids per plant, at Kansas Settlement area, Cochise County. Controls applied. (Ariz. Coop. Sur.). TEXAS - Heavy in isolated fields in Glasscock County. Lower 4 leaves killed; colonies ranged 3-7 per leaf with 150-700 aphids 'per colony. Light in young grain sorghum in Glasscock, Reeves, Pecos, Knox, Hardeman, and Wichita Counties. (Neeb, Boring, July |14). Currently generally light on grain sorghum in Rolling Plains and Trans-—Pecos areas. In Trans—-Pecos area, light numbers and damage reported on young grain sorghum in El Paso, Hunt, and Reeves Counties. Ranged light to heavy in most South Plains counties. Generally light in Collingsworth, Carson, Castro, Swisher, Oldham, Sherman, Parmer, and Hartley Counties in Panhandle. (McIntyre et al.). OKLAHOMA - S. graminum counts per grain sorghum plant in northeast counties ranged as follows: Tulsa 0-15 in 1 field; Nowata 0-55 in 2 fields; Craig 0-85 in 1 field and 0-140 in 1 field; Ottawa 0-35 in 4 fields; Delaware 0-20 in 2 fields; Mayes O-50 in 1 field; Rogers 0-170 in 1 field and 50-400 in 1 field. Sorghum heading in -most fields. Predators (mainly lady beetles) and parasites (mainly (Lysiphlebus testaceipes) present and greenbug counts appear to be declining in most fields. S. graminum moderate in sorghum in Bryan County, light in Cimarron County. (Okla. Coop. Sur.). _ARKANSAS - Light in all but one field surveyed in Benton, Carroll, Madison, and Washington Counties. Benton, Carroll, and Madison are new county records. Predators and parasites expected to aid in preventing buildup. Conditions improved, controls declined in Clay } County. Heavy rains reduced aphid numbers. Predator and parasite counts still high in untreated fields, (Boyer). KANSAS - S. graminum activity decreased. Parasitic wasps, Lysiphlebus testaceipes (a braconid) in particular, and lady beetles (primarily Hippodamia convergens) very active in control. - 473 - Buildup of beneficial insects too slow in some cases and some severe damage to sorghum seen: 35-50 percent of plants on 2 Pottawatomie County fields destroyed with severe damage to remainder; same condition seen in Wabaunsee County field and one in Riley County. Built up rapidly in southern Marion County with some economic infestations. Economic populations still found in Clay, Washington, and Marshall Counties; controls applied. G Generally light in sorghum over remainder of State; some controls applied in Harvey and Hamilton Counties. Some greenbug activity still noted in Lyon, Osage, and Franklin Counties. (Bell). NEBRASKA - Schizaphis graminum peaked in most grain sorghum in Nemaha and Johnson Counties. Parasitism by Lysiphlebus testace- ipes increased; in 10 fields, parasitism ranged 20-95 percent, heaviest in early planted sorghum. Some borderline infestations economic with 2-3 lower leaves dead or dying. About 10,000 acres treated in Nemaha County past 14 days. S. graminum near economic level in Lancaster, Platte, and Seward Counties. Ranged 100-1,500 per lower leaf; parasitism about 1-5 percent. Flights heavy. Alates reinfested Saunders County field 6-7 days after treatment. All alates in first and second instars; ranged 50-250 per plant in whorls and lower leaves. Most late sorghum in southeast and east districts heavily infested. (Roselle et al.). Small colonies seen on scattered sorghum plants in Adams County. (Swanson). Light in southwest area, increased week ending July 14. About 40 percent of plants with 1-3 colonies (up to 200 greenbugs) per plant noted. No serious damage seen. (Campbell1@. MISSOURI - S. graminum populations declined in all areas checked. (Munson). IOWA — Ranged 30-360 per plant on forage sorghum in Polk and Story Counties. Averaged 260 per plant with 100 percent of lower leaves discolored or lost in Polk County field. Most fields show no economic damage. Mummies ranged 22-30 per plant. Parasitism ranged 7-29 (average 22) percent. (Iowa Ins. Sur.). INDIANA - Infestation in grain sorghum noted in Tippecanoe, Parke, Vigo, Clay, Greene, Dubois, and Spencer Counties. Economic in Parke County, possibly in Vigo County. Controls applied. These are all first records of infestations on sorghum. (Matthew). POTATO LEAFHOPPER (Empoasca fabae) - WISCONSIN - Continued erratic in alfalfa. Averaged 1 per sweep but increased to 2-3 per sweep in some fields in southwest. Much yellowing in some alfalfa on sandy soils in Sauk, Dane, and Iowa Counties; up to 40 per sweep in some of these fields. (Wis. Ins. Sur.). OHIO - Threatening (3 per sweep) in mixed clover and timothy in Athens County field and 2 per sweep in Fairfield County alfalfa field. Counts per 50 sweeps of alfalfa by county: Licking 60, Vinton 45, Perry 30, Wayne 8. (Fox). MARYLAND - Nymphs and adults ranged 5-30 per sweep in alfalfa in Frederick, Carroll, and Prince Georges Counties. Yellowing still evident in several fields. (U. Md., Ent. Dept.). VIRGINIA - Averaged 3 adults per sweep in alfalfa ready to cut in Montgomery County; few nymphs present. (Pienkowski). SPOTTED ALFALFA APHID (Therioaphis maculata) - NEVADA - Up to 400 per sweep damaged 300 acres of seed alfalfa in Dixie Valley, Pershing County. Chemical controls ineffective on this nonresistant variety; seed yield reduced 75 percent. (Stitt). KANSAS - Light, 30-60 per 10 sweeps in alfalfa field in Nowata County, 20 per 10 sweeps in Tulsa and Washington Counties. Light in Wagoner County. (Okla. Coop. Sur.). ARKANSAS - Generally low in alfalfa in north- west area. Ranged 0-200 per 100 sweeps in Washington County. Heavy rain, improving moisture conditions, expected to check infesta- tions. (Boyer). - ATA TOBACCO HORNWORM (Manduca sexta) - KENTUCKY - Percent damage by county based on 100 plants checked: Jessamine 1, Grant 3, Gallatin 4, Garrard 2, Pulaski 6.5, Lincoln 7, Boyle 2, Henry 1.5, Carroll 2.5, and Casey 7 percent. No significant damage incurred on tobacco in Trimble County. Most tobacco in stage 5 or 6. (Barnett). _ CORN, SORGHUM, SUGARCANE CORN ROOTWORMS (Diabrotica spp.) - COLORADO - D. virgifera (western corn rootworm) adults emerged in Akron area of Washington County. (Hantsbarger). OKLAHOMA - D. virgifera damage heavy in untreated cornfield in Cimarron County. (Okla. Coop. Sur.). NEBRASKA - D. virgifera and D. longicornis (northern corn root- 'worm) heavy locally near Mead, Saunders County, in untreated corn. Lodging severe in some fields. (Hill). Several scattered, locally heavy infestations in Chase and Perkins Counties in areas with heavier soils under center pivot irrigation systems. Some control failures reported. (Campbell). WISCONSIN - First apparent damage by Diabrotica spp. at Arlington Experimental Farm in Columbia County July 12 following storm; lodged corn plants seen in several fields in southern counties Since then. Field in Grant County had 28 percent lodged plants. Large numbers of adults will not be apparent in corn for 2-3 weeks. (Wis. Ins. Sur.). ILLINOIS - Adults emerging in central and western sections; expected to emerge in northern section this period. Beetles cut off silks of corn in central area field. Pollination just begun, silk feeding will be critical next 3-5 days. (Ill. Ins. Rpt.). INDIANA - D. longicornis adults light through southern districts in cornfields or in Sweeps of roadside weeds. (Meyer). Adults still in soil in Randolph County. (Turpin). OHIO - D. longicornis adults averaged 5 per silk in Van Wert County field. Much “"goosenecking" seen. (Fox). DUSKY SAP BEETLE (Carpophilus lugubris) - MARYLAND —- Adult and larval infested ears ranged 10-30 percent in fresh market corn in Queen Annes, Dorchester, and Wicomico Counties. Light to moderate damage to process corn expected next 14 days. (U. Md., Ent. Dept.). A SUGARCANE WEEVIL (Nicentrus saccharinus) - FLORIDA - Collected 4 larvae and 1 adult by Sweeping goosegrass (Eleusine indica) during special survey at Miami Shores, Dade County, July I3. (Pierce). Reported as new United States record in CEIR 32(27) : 431. (PP). EUROPEAN CORN BORER (Ostrinia nubilalis) - DELAWARE - Second adult flight begun in most areas of Sussex County. Few fresh egg masses on corn and peppers. (Burbutis, Kelsey). MARYLAND - Remained light to moderate on corn in Kent, Queen Annes, Dorchester, and Wicomico Counties. Infested stalks ranged 10-70 (averaged 40) percent. Moth emergence expected to continue next 10-15 days. Infestations in central area ranged 10-90 (averaged 50) percent. (U. Md., Ent. Dept.). WEST VIRGINIA - Larvae in 20 percent of whorls of field corn in Ohio County. (Hacker). OHIO - Number of plants infested by O. nubilalis per 50 plants checked by county: Pike 20, Jackson 16, Meigs 5, Washington zero, Morgan 18, Perry 13, Fairfield 12, Licking 2, Pickaway 14. (Fox). - 475 - MICHIGAN - O. nubilalis larvae heavier in field corn than in any recent year in Ingham, Eaton, and Shiawassee Counties. Most larvae established in stalk or deep in whorl. Growers in more northern counties should check corn for egg masses or small larvae. (Ruppel et al.). WISCONSIN - Pupation of first generation begun. Second moth flight expected July 24-29; peak flight should occur in about 21-28 days, depending on weather. Large number of first- generation moths still taken in blacklight traps in eastern counties where development slower, apparently due to effect of Lake Michigan on temperatures. (Wis. Ins. Sur.). IOWA - First pupa observed in Polk County July 19. Development appears 7-14 days behind average. (Iowa Ins. Sur.). MISSOURI - Larvae light in southeast area corn. (Jones). Egg masses averaged 11 per 100 plants in northwest area. (Munson). CONCHUELA (Chlorochroa ligata) - TEXAS - Heavy on grain sorghum in soft dough stage in Glasscock County, averaged 2-8 per sorghum head in "hot-spots" and 0-1 per sorghum head in other areas of field. Damage reported on grain sorghum from Stonewall, Jones, Throckmorton, Runnels, Tom Green and Taylor Counties. Sorghum head infestations averaged 2-4 per head with 20-60 stink bugs per head in parts of fields. Average of 2 per head is economic in milk and soft dough stage. Also reported from Stephens and Hamilton Counties during week ending July 14. Stephens County reported 20+ per -head in two fields; 8-10 per head noted in Hamilton area. (Neeb et al., July 14). Currently, damage still moderate to heavy on milo in Jones, Throckmorton, Tom Green, Runnels, and Taylor Counties in Rolling Plains. Heaviest infestations ranged 2-4 per head. Decreased in Tom Green and Taylor Counties. Many producers made 1-2 treatments to control pest. Damaged grain sorghum in Mitchell County. (Boring, McIntyre). YELLOW SUGARCANE APHID (Sipha flava) - ARKANSAS - Light in some northwest area fields. An occasional aphid taken in Washington and Carroll Counties. Survey negative in Benton and Madison Counties. Carroll County is a new county record. (Boyer). GRASSHOPPERS - ILLINOIS - Continued potential problem on corn, soybeans, and hay crops. Presently remain in hay fields and in fence rows, ditch banks, and roadsides. (I11l. Ins. Rpt.). SORGHUM MIDGE (Contarinia sorghicola) - TEXAS - Heavy in several counties near Denton during past 7 days. Populations seem to be building up in Rolling Plains area near Vernon. Early midge infestation seen building up on Johnson grass in that area. (Turney, Boring, July 14). Counts currently declined in south- central area, but still threatening to late grain sorghum in area. Damaged sorghum in several counties. Midges heavy in late planted sorghum in Johnson, Kaufman, Ellis, Hunt, Collin, and Denton Counties in north-central area. Light to moderate in Knox, Baylor, and Archer Counties in Rolling Plains. Infestations ranged from less than 1 to near 2 midges per head. In southern South Plains, midges reproducing on grain sorghum. (Cole et al.). MISSOURI - Adults, 1-4 per head, infested sorghum heading and blooming in southeast area. (Jones). TWOSPOTTED SPIDER MITE (Tetranychus urticae) - VIRGINIA - Severe on field corn in large Nansemond County field. (Coggsdale). - 476 - _ SMALL GRAINS WHITE GRUBS (Phyllophaga spp.) - NORTH DAKOTA - Larvae damaged wheat northeast of Sheldon in Cass County. Populations, 5-6 per square foot, totally destroyed 10 acres in one field. Infestations 'and light damage seen in corn. Damaging infestations of this species rare in State. (Brandvik). | PALE WESTERN CUTWORM (Agrotis orthogonia) - COLORADO - Adults reported in unprecidented numbers in forest near Long Draw Reservoir of Roosevelt National Forest. In denser woods on north faces, 500 or more seen in flight in any direction. (Thatcher). _ TURF, PASTURES, RANGELAND | SAGEBRUSH DEFOLIATOR (Aroga websteri) - UTAH - Damage moderate to sagebrush in some northern range areas, particularly in Box Elder County. (Knowlton). NEVADA - Infested 250+ acres of sage- brush in Wall Canyon area, Washoe County, and unknown acreage in Eastgate area, Churchill County, and Shoshone Mountains along U.S. Highway 50 in Lander County. (Lauderdale). FORAGE LEGUMES ALFALFA CATERPILLAR (Colias eurytheme) - ARIZONA - Adults and larvae heavy in alfalfa in Dome and Roll Valley, Yuma County. Growers either cut crops or applied controls. (Ariz. Coop. Sur.). NEW MEXICO - Larvae ranged 0-37 per 25 sweeps and caused considerable damage to alfalfa near Farmington, San Juan County. (Heninger). ARMYWORMS - WASHINGTON - Larvae averaged 2 per sweep in alfalfa seed field north of Pasco, Franklin County; much damage in weedy | portion of field. Mamestra configurata (bertha armyworm) , Amathes c-nigrum (spotted cutworm), Spodoptera praefica (western yellowstriped armyworm), and unspecified species dominate. S. | praefica now full grown, left foliage. Autographa californica (alfalfa looper) and Colias eurytheme (alfalfa caterpillar) also | present. (Johansen). Le c-nigrum and several other cutworms damaged alfalfa for seed near White Swan, Yakima County. (Griffin et al.). ALFALFA WEEVIL (Hypera postica) - UTAH - Larvae damaged some alfalfa in Cache County. (Burtenshaw). NEW MEXICO - Problem in alfalfa fields in Farmington area, San Juan County. Heaviest at Waterflow, adults ranged 4-31 and larvae 0-33 per 25 sweeps. (Heninger). PEA APHID (Acyrthosiphon pisum) - OKLAHOMA - Moderate to heavy in alfalfa in Pawnee County. (OKla. Coop. Sur.). IDAHO - Damaged alfalfa throughout Jefferson County. Most fields required controls by Juiy 19. (Gooch). GRASSHOPPERS - WISCONSIN - Melanoplus femurrubrum severe threat to forage in several areas. Hatch continued in southwest and central areas; populations increased 25 percent over last period. Averaged 20+ per sweep in all alfalfa sampled; counts heavier at some locations and in some fields. Grasshoppers migrating into tobacco, Soybeans, and gardens. M. sanguinipes adults heavy in field near Sauk City, Sauk County. (Wis. Ins. Sur.). - 477 - ALFALFA LEAF BLOTCH-MINER (Agromyza frontella) - NEW JERSEY - Heavy in all Warren County alfalfa. (Ins.-Dis. Newsltr.). MASSACHUSETTS - Mined leaflets ranged 25-30 percent in untreated mature alfalfa stand in Hampshire County. Sample of stems showed about 40 percent of leaflets mined in 4-week-old stand of untreated alfalfa in Berkshire County. (Jensen). VERMONT - Specimens collected from alfalfa at North Hartland, Windsor County, May 26, 1972, by P. Benedict. Determined by G.C. Steyskal. This is a new State record. (PP). SOYBEANS MEXICAN BEAN BEETLE (Epilachna varivestis) - MARYLAND - Heaviest defoliated fields in Queen Annes, Dorchester, Wicomico, and Somerset Counties ranged 10-20 percent; ranged 20-30 percent in Prince Georges County with newly emerged adults active. Most beetle activity subsided on Eastern Shore due to pupation (60 percent). Egg laying expected within next 2 weeks. Second genera— tion populations expected to be economic in Worcester , Somerset, Wicomico, Prince Georges, and Dorchester Counties. (U. Md., Ent. Dept.). NORTH CAROLINA - Up to 3 adults per row foot in scattered fields. Damage generally restricted to northeastern counties with few damaged fields scattered over Robeson County area. (Lowery, Hunt). BEAN LEAF BEETLE (Cerotoma trifurcata) - NEBRASKA - Heavy, 6-8 beetles per plant, in scattered Dodge County fields. Up to 20 percent defoliation noted. (Novotny). PEANUTS REDNECKED PEANUTWORM (Stegasta bosqueella) - OKLAHOMA - Ranged up to 6 per peanut plant in Caddo County. (Okla. Coop. Sur.). COTTON BOLL WEEVIL (Anthonomus grandis) - NORTH CAROLINA - Damage heavier than 1971 season; 25+ percent of squares damaged on early cotton in Scotland and Nash County area. Next 14-21 days critical for control. (Robertson). SOUTH CAROLINA - Emergence of overwintered weevils about complete. First-generation weevils seen in few fields. Larval infestations ranged 1-2 percent in treated plots and 3-9 percent in untreated plots in Florence area. (Taft et al.). Numerous in Pee Dee and Savannah River areas; light in Piedmont area. Cotton generally 2-3 weeks late statewide; many fields still without blooms. (Sparks). TENNESSEE - Punctured varies ranged 0-20 percent in fields surveyed in central area. agle). ALABAMA - A. grandis heavy in south and central areas. Square infestations generally 10-70 percent. Infestations proportioned to controls. Infestations in older Marshall County cotton ranged 50-60 percent on 20,000 acres; one of heaviest infestations in 20+vyears. Controls planned. Heavy infestation from overwintered weevils unusual in mid-July. Heavy in all highland cotton in De Kalb, Jackson, Morgan, Cullman, Blount, Etowah, and other counties on 70,000+ acres. First “hatchout" in mountain area cotton in northern part of State will occur July 25 to August 5; now occurring in older cotton in Tennessee Valley area. (McQueen). - 478 - MISSISSIPPI - First generation of: Anthonomus grandis emerged. Punctured squares averaged 8 percent in Calhoun, Noxubee, Lowndes, and Yalobusha Counties; 7 percent in Adams, Amite, Lamar, Lawrence, Lincoln, Marion, Forrest, Jeff Davis, Pike, Walthall, and Jones Counties; 3 percent in Bolivar, Coahoma, De Soto, Humphreys, Sharkey, Sunflower, Tallahatchie, and Washington Counties. (Robinson). LOUISIANA - Punctured squares found in 47 of 48 plots in Madison Parish; infestations ranged 3-30 (averaged 16.3) percent in infested plots. Punctured squares found in 13 of 14 fields; infestations ranged 1-28 (averaged 10.8) percent in 13 fields. In Tensas Parish, punctured squares found in one of two fields in areas where diapause controls applied in fall 1971; infestation 7 percent in this field. In untreated areas, 2 fields checked; infestation 16 percent in one, 23 percent in other. No weevils found in 2 untreated fields examined by row foot method. (Cleveland et al.). OKLAHOMA - Percent infestation by county: Wagoner 4-17, Muskogee 13, Bryan 22, Grady less than 1, Caddo 7-8, Washita 7-8, Jackson 0-19, Harmon 0-25, Greer O-8, and Tillman 0-3. Light to moderage in Cleveland County. (Okla. Coop. Sur. ). BOLLWORMS (Heliothis spp.) - NORTH CAROLINA - Eggs, primarily #. zea, appeared on cotton in Scotland County. (Hunt). SOUTH aa CAROLINA - H. zea larvae light in most cotton in Florence area; percent infestation ranged 1-2 in treated plots and 1-2 in untreated plots. (Taft et al.). H. zea common in cotton through- out southeast and southwest areas. Light in Dillon and Marlboro County area. (Sparks). MISSISSIPPI - Heliothis spp. damaged squares ranged 2-3 percent in Yalobusha, Grenada, Coahoma, Bolivar, De Soto, Tallahatchie, Washington, Warren Counties. (Robinson). LOUISIANA - Damaged squares ranged 1-8 (averaged 3) percent in 35 of 48 plots examined in Madison Parish. Damaged squares found in 12 of 14 fields examined; ranged 1-5 (averaged 3) percent in infested fields. (Cleveland et al.). OKLAHOMA - Percent H. zea damaged squares by county: Bryan 7, Muskogee 6, Wagoner 4, Grady less than 1. In Jackson, Harmon, Greer, and Kiowa Counties, eggs ranged 1-5 per 100 terminals, small larvae ranged O-4 per 100 terminals; damaged squares ranged 0-4.5 percent in Harmon County and O-2 percent in others. (Okla. Coop. Sur.). TWOSPOTTED SPIDER MITE (Tetranychus urticae) - MISSISSIPPI - Heavy on approximately 600 acres of cotton in Washington County. (Robinson, July 15). BANDEDWING WHITEFLY (Trialeurodes abutilonea) - ALABAMA - Adults light in all cotton fields in Cherokee and Marshall Counties. These are new county records. Collected by H. Hall and R.1.D. Murphy. Determined by H.F. McQueen. (McQueen). CLOUDED PLANT BUG (Neurocolpus nubilis) - ALABAMA - A few Specimens collected in cotton in Marshall County. This is a new county record. Collected by R.I.D. Murphy. Determined by H.F. McQueen. (McQueen). TOBACCO GREEN PEACH APHID (Myzus persicae), - MARYLAND - Increased on untreated tobacco. Infested plants ranged 2-4 per 10 plants in Prince Georges and Charles Counties. Populations generally light to date. (U. Md., Ent. Dept.). VIRGINIA - Built up in some tobacco fields in Pittsylvania County. (Dominick). - 479 - GREEN JUNE BEETLE (Cotinis nitida) - KENTUCKY - Heavy on tobacco at one Pulaski County location. (Barnett). SUGAR BEETS GREEN PEACH APHID (Myzus persicae) - WASHINGTON - Infestations on sugar beets lowest for time of year for past 12 years. Develop- ment of beet yellows minimized in Yakima and Walla Walla Counties. (Landis). MISCELLANEOUS FIELD CROPS SUNFLOWER BLOSSOM MIDGE (Contarinia schulzi) - MINNESOTA - Outlook for some sunflower growers not encouraging in certain counties in Red River Valley. Infested area 10 miles wider than in 1971; includes southern Polk, western two-thirds of Norman, and northern Clay Counties. Sunflowers with blossoms ready to open infested with several hundred small larvae. Most infested sunflower fields 5-6 feet tall. Infestations heaviest in marginal rows. No effective chemical control known for this pest. (Minn. Pest Rpt.). — NORTH DAKOTA - Larvae in sunflower heads in Grand Forks, Traill, and Cass Counties. Infestation not widespread; found only in advanced fields with heads about one inch or larger. Larval counts in field borders ranged up to 200 (averaged 11) per head in infested fields. Heaviest in fields south of Galesburg in Cass County and east of Grandin in Traill County. (Brandvik). A FLEA BEETLE (Longitarsus waterhousei) - OREGON - Caused loss of 100 acres of mint near Stayton, Marion County. Adults averaged 472 per sweep before treatment. Decreased to 6 per 100 sweeps after controls applied. (Berry). HOP APHID (Phorodon humuli) - WASHINGTON - Populations above normal and general on hops near Prosser, Benton County. Ranged 50-100 per leaf in some hop yards. (Cone). HOP LOOPER (Hypena humuli) - WASHINGTON - Second-generation eggs hatched, larvae moved up hop plants and fed on leaves. Infestation general in hop-growing area of Yakima Valley; more noticeable than past 3 years. (Cone). TWOSPOTTED SPIDER MITE (Tetranychus urticae) - WASHINGTON - Averaged 300 per older leaf in 50-Ieaf sample on hops near Grandview, Yakima County. Infestation general in hop-growing area in Yakima Valley; develoved rapidly. Metaseiulus occidentalis (a phytoseiid mite) on some infested hop leaves; up to specimens of this predator observed per 50 infested leaves. (Cone). POTATOES, TOMATOES, PEPPERS COLORADO POTATO BEETLE (Leptinotarsa decemlineata) - MAINE - Problem in most potato-growing areas in State. Fourth-instar larvae very common in Presque Isle area, Aroostook County. Popula- tions and number of locations continued to increase. Treatment made in severely damaged field in Piscataquis County. (Gall). MARYLAND - Second-generation adults laying eggs throughout State. Heaviest populations restricted to lower Eastern Shore. Most potato and tomato acreage protected with scheduled sprays. One 15-acre field in Wicomico County 60 percent defoliated. (U. Md., Ent. Dept.). COLORADO - Adults and larvae averaged 6 per 10 sweeps in potatoes in Fort Collins area, Larimer County. (Hantsbarger) . - 480 - EUROPEAN CORN BORER (Ostrinia nubilalis) - MARYLAND - Controls applied to peppers. Damage remained light but egg laying expected to increase rapidly with first-generation borers emerging this period. (U. Md., Ent. Dept.). i GREEN PEACH APHID (Myzus persicae) - OREGON - Aphids increased significantly in traps in Chalk Butte, Mitchell Butte, Newell Heights, and Adrian areas of Malheur County July 10-14. Aphid movement continued heavy in Adrian and Mitchell Butte areas July 16-21. Growers advised to check fields closely. (Henninger). Very few nymphs present on potatoes in Klamath Basin, Klamath County. (Schuh). NEW JERSEY - Light to moderate on peppers in Cumberland County. (Ins.-Dis. Newsltr.). BEANS AND PEAS PEA APHID (Acyrthosiphon pisum) - WISCONSIN - Counts variable on peas, increased generally. Counts ranged 9-80 per sweep in Columbia, Green Lake, and Fond du Lac Counties. Reproduction heavy; expect continued increase next few weeks. Several thousand acres of peas treated in Fond du Lac and Green Lake Counties. (Wis. Ins. Sur.). WESTERN YELLOWSTRIPED ARMYWORM (Spodoptera praefica) - IDAHO - Full-grown larvae general in pea and lentil fields in Latah ‘County. Many lentil fields treated to prevent cutting off of ‘] seed pods. (Portman). (GENERAL VEGETABLES EGGPLANT FLEA BEETLE (Epitrix fuscula) - OHIO - Adult activity on eggplant increased 2 to 5-fold past 3 weeks in Wayne County. Up to 11 adults per plant; damage extensive, killed 15 percent of plants and 1-2 leaves on 65, percent of remaining plants. Determined by E.H. Smith. (Fox). , i DETECTION ‘New North American Record - A THRIPS (Scirtothrips inermis) - CALIFORNIA = Los Angeles County. (p. 4 New State Records - A GRASSHOPPER (Metrioptera toeselii) - NEW HAMPSHIRE — Nymphs and adults common at Durham, Strafford County, July 12. Collected and determined by E.K. Ede. ALFALFA LEAF -BLOTCH-MINER (Agromyza fontella) - VERMONT - Windsor County. mer 478). ‘New County Records - BANDEDWING WHITEFLY (Trialeurodes abutilonea) ALABAMA - Cherokee, Marshall (p. 479). CEREAL LEAF BEETLE (Oulema -melanopus) NEW YORK - Schuyler (p. 485). CLOUDED PLANT BUG (Weurocolpus nubilis) ALABAMA - Marshall (p. 479). GREENBUG (Schizaphis graminum) ARKANSAS - Benton. Carroll, Madison (p. 473). RANGE CATERPILLAR (Hemileuca oliviae) NEW MEXICO - Chaves, De Baca (p. 486). YELLOW SUGARCANE APHID (Sipha flava) ARKANSAS - Carroll (p. 476). cant, ty eee - 481 - DECIDUOUS FRUITS AND NUTS EUROPEAN RED MITE (Panonychus ulmi) - MICHIGAN - Continued steady increase in orchards without summer controls. Ranged 15-20 per leaf; heavier in some instances. All stages present, adults and eggs most numerous. (Thompson). MASSACHUSETTS - Average per leaf on untreated Red Delicious and McIntosh varieties in Hampshire County, respectively: eggs 12 and 4; adults 4 and 19. (Jensen). PEAR PSYLLA (Psylla pyricola) - IDAHO - Second to fourth instar larvae, 1-5 per leaf, damaged small pear orchard at Wilder, Canyon County. One adult noted July 10. (Scott). WASHINGTON — Heavy flight noted July 16 at Yakima, Yakima County. (Landis). APPLE APHID (Aphis pomi) - MASSACHUSETTS - Average per terminal on Red Delicious and McIntosh varieties in Hampshire County, respectively: Untreated, 281 and 177; alternate row Sprayed, 175 and 30; treated, 5 and 8. (Jensen). FALL WEBWORM (Hyphantria cunea) - TEXAS - Damaged foliage of pecan trees in Wilbarger, Wichita, Clay, Baylor, and Throckmorton Counties. Damage also reported in El Paso, Hudspeth, Reeves, Ward, Winkler, Ector, and Martin Counties. (Neeb, Boring). WALNUT CATERPILLAR (Datana integerrima) - TEXAS - Damaged foliage of pecan trees in Nolan, Taylor, Runnels, and Tom Green Counties. (Boring). PECAN NUT CASEBEARER (Acrobasis caryae) - OKLAHOMA - Second- generation larvae light in pecan orchard in Okfuskee County. First-generation moths emerged in Tulsa County; no eggs or larvae found. (Okla. Coop. Sur.). HICKORY SHUCKWORM (Laspeyresia caryana) - ALABAMA - Larvae caused first heavy fall of pecan nuts of season under some trees at Auburn, Lee County. (Bagby). PECAN SPITTLEBUG (Clastoptera achatina) - MISSISSIPPI - Heavy in most orchards over State. Infestations reported from Hinds, Coahoma, Tallahatchie and Yalobusha Counties. (Neel). CITRUS Insect Situation in Florida - Mid-July - CITRUS RUST MITE (Phyllocoptruta oleivora) infested 82 (norm 65) percent of groves; economic in 57 (norm 42) percent. Population much above average and very high on leaves and fruit. Will continue increase through July on leaves and through August on fruit, then decrease. High- est districts south, west, central, and north. TEXAS CITRUS MITE (Eutetranychus banksi) infested 76 (norm 74) percent of groves; economic in 55 (norm 52) percent. Population slightly above normal, near summer peak, and in high range. Decrease expected. Highest districts central, west, east, and south. CITRUS RED MITE (Panonychus citri) infested 40 (norm 70) percent of groves; economic in 10 (norm 42) percent. At the lowest July level in 21 years of record. Population will continue in low range. High- est districts are south and west. BLACK SCALE (Saissetia oleae) infested 97 (norm 83) percent of groves; economic in 91 (norm 63) percent. Population is highest recorded at any time in 21 years of record. Decrease expected in August. All districts very high: East, central, south, north, and west. AN AMORED SCALE (Unaspis citri) infested 38 percent of groves; economic in 22 percent. - 482 - Population greater than any prior month. Slight increase expected. GLOVER SCALE (Lepidosaphes gloverii) infested 82 (norm 82) percent of groves; economic in 7 (norm 24) percent. Population below normal, in moderate range and decreasing. Highest district south. 1972 population lightest since 1962. PURPLE SCALE (L. beckii) infested 72 (norm 75) percent of groves; economic in 3 (norm 10) percent. Population below normal and at low or moderate level in all districts. Decrease expected. YELLOW SCALE (Aonidiella citrina) infested 45 (norm 64) percent of groves; none economic, norm 9 percent. CHAFF SCALE (Parlatoria pergandii) infested 41 (norm 60) percent of groves; none economic, norm 8 percent. These two scales will continue below normal and at low level in all districts. GREEN SCALE (Coccus viridis) infested 30 (norm 7) per- cent of groves; economic in 16 (norm 2) percent. This soft scale more numerous than any time in 21 years of record. Occurs in east, central, and south districts. Will persist until cold weather occurs. WHITEFLIES infested 88 percent of groves; economic in 30 percent. Population above normal and in high range. Little change predicted. Highest districts east and west. MEALYBUGS infested 77 percent of groves; economic in 22 percent. The summer peak population occurred in late June. It reached high range but was below normal. (W.A. Simanton (Citrus Expt. Sta., Lake Alfred)). ORNAMENTALS A THRIPS (Scirtothrips inermis) - CALIFORNIA - Collected on liquid- amber trees at Long Beach, Los Angeles County, May 25, 1972, by Edwards and E. Heuer. Determined by K. O'Neill. This is a new North American record. This thrips, known from the Canary Islands and Spain, has a large host range including citrus, willow, and acacia. Survey to determine extent of infestation in area is con- tinuing. To date, no infestations found on citrus. (Cal. Coop. Rpt.). BAGWORM (Thyridopteryx ephemeraeformis) - ARKANSAS - Heaviest infestations seen in years on untreated evergreen shrubs in Fayetteville area. (Boyer). OKLAHOMA - Damage heavy (70-90 percent defoliation) on sycamore trees in scattered areas of southern Mayes County. Also noted on young black locust in area. (Okla. Coop. Sur.). FOREST AND SHADE TREES SPRUCE BUDWORM (Choristoneura fumiferana) - MICHIGAN - Increased this year in all swamp conifer stands with overmature balsam in Otsego County. Defoliation obvious in Roscommon County along State Highway 18 where feeding was heavy. Defoliation increasing in southeast Cheboygan County where all balsam brown and larvae heavy. Species will be major pest in Lower Peninsula. (Flink). JACK PINE BUDWORM (Choristoneura pinus) - MICHIGAN - Infesting most jack pine stands throughout northern Lower Peninsula. Larvae heavy in northern Ogemaw County, browning of foliage obvious throughout most of Crawford County. Damage appears less than in 1971 in southeast Grand Traverse County. (Flink). COOLEY SPRUCE GALL APHID (Adelges cooleyi) - PENNSYLVANIA - Much heavier than previous years on many spruce at residences and in Christmas tree plantations in and near Auburn, Schuykill County. (Simons). - 483 - REDHEADED PINE SAWFLY (Neodiprion lecontei) - ALABAMA - Larvae heavy on 25 Loblolly pines, 12 to 36 inches high, at golf course in Linden, Marengo County. Controls applied. (Miller). FALL CANKERWORM (Alsophila pometaria) - WEST VIRGINIA - Larvae caused 70-80 percent defoliation of maple, oak, and other trees on 1,900 acres in Dolly Sods area of Tucker County. (Miller). MICHIGAN - Defoliated several square miles of forest in southwest Cass County. (Flink). FALL WEBWORM (Hyphantria cunea) - TEXAS - Damage heavy on foliage of shade trees in El Paso, Hudspeth, Reeves, Pecos, Winkler, Ector, and Martin Counties. (Neeb). ELM LEAF BEETLE (Pyrrhalta luteola) - NEW MEXICO - Leaves on most Siberian elms in northern San Juan County skeletonized by heavy populations. (Heninger). A LACE BUG (Corythucha confraterna) - CALIFORNIA - Severely damaged( large sycamore trees on Fort Sutter grounds in Sacramento, Sacramento County; 300-500 immatures and 15-20 adults per leaf. Undersides of leaves appear mottled due to excrement. Very hot | weather caused dessication of leaf tissue and heavy leaf drop. Trees treated with systemic injection. (Cal. Coop. Rpt.). MAN AND ANIMALS SCREWWORM (Cochliomyia hominivorax) - Total of 3,392 confirmed | cases reported in continental U.S. during period July 9-15. | Screwworm cases by State as follows: Texas 3,317; New Mexico 11; Arizona 58; Oklahoma 6. In Texas, one case reported from Shelby County which borders on Louisiana. Total of 1,252 cases confirmed in Mexico. Number of sterile flies released this period in U.S. totaled 156,012,000 as follows: Texas 132,346,000; New Mexico 3,060,000; Arizona 17,116,000; California 600,000; Oklahoma 1,400,000; Louisiana 790,000; Arkansas 700,000. Total of 980,000 sterile flies released in Mexico. (Anim. Health). FACE FLY (Musca autumnalis) - VERMONT - Irritated cattle during recent hot, humid weather. (MacCollom). OHIO - Counts per 10 animals checked by county ranged: Holmes 1-38, Wayne 3-12, Ashland 20-43. (Heller). KENTUCKY - Averaged 15 per animal on cattle in Garrard County. (Barnett). ILLINOIS - Increased rapidly past 2 weeks; annoying pastured cattle. State average 25 per animal animal, with up to 38 per animal in individual herds. (I11. Ins. Rpt.). WISCONSIN - Annoyance to cattle moderate to severe in Outagamie and Chippewa Counties. (Wis. Ins. Sur.). IOWA - Ranged 5-10 per head on untreated beef cattle in Story County, 10-15 per head in Marion County. (Iowa Ins. Sur.). SOUTH DAKOTA - Unchanged or decreased on herds checked. Ranged 6-14 (averaged 10) per head on cows, 6-12 (averaged 7) on calves. (DelFosse). UTAH - Very annoying to horses and cattle in Collinston and East Garland area, Box Elder County, and Ogden and Hooper area, Weber County. (Knowlton). HORN FLY (Haematobia irritans) - VERMONT - Remained light; aver- aged up to 50 per cow. (MacCollom). OHIO - Counts per 10 animals by county ranged: Holmes 0-12, Wayne 0-2, Ashland 0-60. (Heller). MISSISSIPPI - Counts 500+ on 75 head of Angus cattle in Oktibbeha County. Averaged 20+ per head in treated herd of 200 stocker - 484 - steers pastured in Clay County. (Robinson). IOWA - Averaged 200 per head on untreated beef cattle in Story County; ranged 250- 350 (average 320) in Marion County. (Iowa Ins. Sur.). TEXAS - Decreased in Rolling Plains area past 7 days. Moderate to heavy on cattle in Trans-Pecos area. Counts ranged 400-3,000 per animal on untreated cattle. (Boring, Neeb, July 14). Currently, activity continued heavy throughout most sections of State. Heavy on live- stock in south-central area. Moderate to heavy throughout Trans- Pecos area on cattle. Decreased slightly with hot weather in Panhandle area near Amarillo, Potter County. (Cole et al.). OKLAHOMA - Moderate to heavy on cattle in Beaver, Cimarron, Payne, Pawnee, Craig, Custer, Lincoln, Seminole, Cleveland, Hughes, and Okfuskee Counties. (Okla. Coop. Sur.). NEBRASKA - Ranged 500- 3,000 per head on untreated range animals pastured near North Platte, Lincoln County. (Campbell). SOUTH DAKOTA - Unchanged on untreated cattle in northern Moody County. Ranged 200-950 per side (averaged 600) on cows, 10-35 per side (averaged 20) on calves. (DelFosse). UTAH - Ranged light to very severe on cattle herds in Cache, Uintah, and Duchesne Counties. (Knowlton). STABLE FLY (Stomoxys calcitrans) - WISCONSIN - Increased in southern counties, annoyance to cattle light in most areas; mod- erate in portions of Outagamie, Rock, and Columbia Counties. (Wis. Ins. Sur.). IOWA - Annoyance light to most beef cattle herds. Ranged 10-40 per head in Marion and Story Counties. (Iowa Ins. Sur.). OHIO - Counts per 10 animals checked by county ranged: Holmes 0-4, Wayne 0-3, Ashland 0-1. (Heller). VERMONT - Numerous in some areas where manure accumulations not removed. (MacCollom). MOSQUITOES - UTAH - Very annoying in Logan Canyon and Franklin Basin, Cache County; at Locomotive Springs and around farms in Corinne and Tremonton area of Box Elder County, and Delta and Abraham area of Millard County. (Knowlton). OHIO - Adult counts increased throughout State due to recent warm weather. (Fox). MASSACHUSETTS - Much more numerous in urban and suburban areas over State than 1971 at this time. (Jensen). ALABAMA - Culex pipiens quinquefasciatus (southern house mosquito) and other species heavy throughout State. Controls being planned in some southern area towns. (Barwood et al.). BENEFICIAL INSECTS LADY BEETLES - OKLAHOMA - All stages of Hippodamia convergens, Coleomegilla maculata, and Scymnus spp. in grain sorghum in north- east area. Ranged up to 5 per plant in some fields. Light in soy- beans in northeast area. (Okla. Coop. Sur.). FEDERAL AND STATE PLANT PROTECTION PROGRAMS CEREAL LEAF BEETLE (Oulema melanopus) - NEW YORK - Adults collected on wheat in Schuyler County May 25 by R.E. Lemaire. Determined by R.E. White. This is a new county record. (PP). COMSTOCK MEALYBUG (Pseudococcus comstocki) - CALIFORNIA - New area of infestation found on mulberry and ricepaperplant in Exeter, Tulare County, 10 miles from Porterville infestation. Find is result of routine inspection and survey. (Cal. Coop. Rpt.) - 485 - GRASSHOPPERS - CALIFORNIA - Camnula pellucida heavy and damaging on 2,100 acres of game reserve rangeland along lower Klamath River in Siskiyou County. Treatment planned. (PP). NEVADA - Unspecified nymphs averaged 10 per square yard in 100 acres of clover and native hay in Jacks Valley, Douglas County. (Munk). IDAHO - Economic in all.southern counties and along western border as far north as Lewiston, Nez Perce County, on Clearwater River. Infes- tations heavy on estimated 2,500,000 acres. Treatments made on 631,000 acres in Adams, Twin Falls, Gooding, Elmore, Lincoln, Minidoka, Blaine, and Jerome Counties during June. (Pollard). UTAH - Winged forms moving from rangeland to cultivated fields in Box Elder, Cache, and Millard Counties. (Knowlton, Lindsay). Ranged 2-5 per square yard in Box Elder and Cache Counties with controls applied at Paradise. (Lindsay, Burtenshaw). NEW MEXICO - Nymphs averaged 2-9 per 25 sweeps, caused minor damage to alfalfa in northern San Juan County. Heaviest infestations seen at Bloomfield. (Heninger). NEBRASKA - Melanoplus spp. nymphs ranged 8-16 per square yard in bromegrass field margins, roadside ditches, and terraces in south- east and eastern districts. (Roselle, Keith, Palmer). NORTH DAKOTA - Scattered economic infestations in southern McHenry, northwest McLean, and northwest Sheridan Counties. Up to 40 (averaged 6) per square yard in roadsides and field margins; up to 15 per square yard in fields. Melanoplus bivittatus, M. sanguinipes, and M. femurrubrum dominant. (Grasser, July 14). Averaged less than one per square yard in McKenzie, Billings, and Golden Valley County rangeland areas. M. sanguinipes (second to fourth instars) dominant. Rangeland in excellent condition. (Grasser). MINNESOTA - Late general hatch of Melanoplus femurrubrum in Pope and eastern Swift Counties. Scattered heavy roadside counts found; most first instar nymphs. (Minn. Pest Rpt.). GYPSY MOTH (Porthetria dispar) - INDIANA - Two larvae and one pupa, all dead, found while spot checking 8,000 trailers arriving for camporee at Camp Atterbury in central district. Movement of so many trailers, some from infested areas, caused some concern. (Meyer). VERMONT - Egg laying begun in Chittenden County. (MacCollom). JAPANESE BEETLE (Popillia japonica) - INDIANA - Adults averaged 1 per 10 linear feet on soybeans in Noble County field. (Clark). TENNESSEE - Several extensions of known infestations seen in Bradley, Polk, Hawkins, Roane, Sullivan, and Unicoi Counties. (Gordon). VIRGINIA - Adults feeding on corn silks in Culpeper County. (Allen et al.). PENNSYLVANIA - Total of 3,276 adults taken in bait traps July 7-14 in College Station, Centre County. (Adams). Adults heavy in Darlington, Beaver County, July 15. (Carter). NEW YORK - Adults active in Lake George area, Warren County. (N.Y. Wkly. Rpt., July 17). VERMONT - Adult emergence delayed, but now increasing in Burlington area of Chittenden County. (MacCollom). RANGE CATERPILLAR (Hemileuca oliviae) - NEW MEXICO - Larvae collected on rangeland in Chaves County June 20 and on roadside gama grass in De Baca County July 7 by M.R. Perry. Determined by D.M. Weisman. These are new county records. (PP). SOYBEAN CYST NEMATODE (Heterodera glycines) - ILLINOIS - Collected from soybeans in Washington County July 17 by D.I. Edwards. Determined by A.M. Golden. This is a new county record. (PP). - 486 - ITEFRINGED BEETLES (Graphognathus spp.) - ALABAMA - Adults feeding on peanut foliage on 50-acre field near Webb, 40-acre field at Wicksburg, and 80 acres of peanuts at Cottonton in: Houston County. Controls necessary. (Roney, Wilson). First adult of season taken July 10 at old infestation in Guntersville. (Murphy). | HAWAII INSECT REPORT ‘Corn - CORN LEAFHOPPER (Peregrinus maidis) moderate in 5 acres of field corn at Kilauea, Kauai; moderate in whorls of 5 acres of ‘sweet corn at Kaumakani. Negligible in 5 acres of sweet corn at Waianae, Oahu; less than 10 percent of plants infested. Nymphs ‘and adults of Tytthus mundulus (cane leafhopper egg sucker) ‘common amid P. maidis infestation in Kilauea planting; nil in other 2 plantings. (Sugawa, Kawamura). CORN EARWORM (Heliothis zea) heavy in 5 acres of sweet corn at Waianae; 85 percent of mature ears with one or more larvae. Chemical control only occasionally employed in this planting. (Kawamura). General Vegetables - ONION THRIPS (Thrips tabaci) light to moderate in several fields of green onion at Waianae, Oahu; heavy in recently abandoned 0.1 acre planting. Although population of T. tabaci has been generally light to moderate and sporadic in green onions on Oahu, incidence generally increased and became widespread throughout island during the first half of year. BEAN FLY (Melanagromyza phaseoli) heavy in yard planting of long beans at Wailuku, Maui; 100 percent of petioles infested. (Ah Sam). BLACK CITRUS APHID (Toxoptera aurantii) moderate on scattered lemon trees in 5-acre community garden at Kaumakani, Kauai. Two CITRUS SWALLOWTAIL (Papilio xuthus) larvae collected from this host situation first week of July. Adult of P. xuthus collected in late June from lime tree at Poipu, Kauai, for new island record; discovery of these 2 larvae may indicate widespread establishment of this pest on Kauai. (Sugawa). Forest and Shade Trees - Larvae of a NOCTUID MOTH (Melipotis indomita) light under bark of 80 kiawe trees at Hickam Air Force Base, Oahu; heavy infestation reported at this location in late June (CEIR 22(27):431).Ligght trap collections first 2 weeks of July indicate marked decrease in adult population at Halawa, Oahu; averaged 46 per week. Weekly average for July from this trap 200+. (Kumashiro, Otsuka). Miscellaneous Pests - GIANT AFRICAN SNAIL (Achatina fulica) - On Hawaii, following period of heavy rainfall, first of 3 planned aerial drops of snail bait made at Kahaluu, Kona, during June. Snail activity during June nil at Poipu and Wahiawa, Kauai, due to very dry conditions. (Yoshioka, Sugawa). CORRECTIONS CEIR 22(29):451 - Number 28 in upper right corn r sh d Number 29. (PP). PP g er should read - 487 - TRAP COLLECTIONS LIGHT 71 183 | 276 53 | 261 13 16 4 FLORIDA Gainesville 7/14-20 IOWA Beaconsfield 7/7-13 Dubuque 7/7-13 Wapello 7/7-13 KANSAS Garden City 7/17-19 Great Bend 7/14-20 Manhattan 7/20 (o>) on ite) N™ Cal i ! o noo ae are ~~ oO (Nw 1 - oO NYO i=] et ei gU0 ~N Om le) bor > op qo mod i Else Mm O-d e > oO Osa Ons Po B me Had = (2 @ moos = Q Oatkn [<3 sl mm = - 488 - Crookston 7/12-18 Fergus Falls 7/12-18 Worthington 7/12-18 MINNESOTA Washington 7/14-20 MISSISSIPPI (County) Sharkey 7/15-21 MISSOURI (County) Pemiscot 7/17-20 Lincoln 7/20 Plymouth 7/13 Scottsbluff 7/20 NEBRASKA 6I-€1/L etusuozey 8I-ZL/L 10}S8ouvyT LI-1TT/L PrOF4 EH NISNOOSIM SI-TI/L MesreM GI-ZI/L 3a1nqs10z0q 6I-ET/zL Arew0s7 U0, VINIDUIA T3-LT/L UOSTpen TS-LT/L UtTyUesry T@-LT/L r04q (430n0)) FTAISSANNAL 81-6/2 7Sexsyznog 81-6/L +SeBey Nog 8I-6/2 Te¥1zU99 (42°F 43STd) VINVATASNNAd 9T-9/L Yeuour TOW LI-L/L 9uey 9I-9/L uoTsreN (Azun0D) NODTUO LT ‘9T/L uozsewer 6I-ST ‘ZI/L O818g LT 9t ‘FT ‘2l/L AorVeustg_ VLOMVG HLUON LI-TI/L PTTTAFF ANH LI-II/L O10qseaq LI-I1T/L T1ItH AttEeyD AGSUG’ MAN SNOIL937105 dval LHS! 489 Weather of the week continued from page 472. Light thundershowers brought little relief from heat, humidity, and atmospheric pollution. Afternoon temperatures reached the high 80s and low 90s from the Great Lakes to Texas and eastward to the Atlantic Ocean. Minimum temperatures were mostly in the 70s. Patches of light fog dotted the eastern third of the Nation on most mornings and the rising sun was reddish orange due to pollutants in the air. The Far Southwest continued hot with temperatures exceeding 100 degrees every afternoon at some locations. The Southwest was not quite so hot as during the previous week; however, the quasi stationary front stretched | from the Great Lakes to the Texas Panhandle early in the week. Temperatures north of the front were quite comfortable, generally reaching the 70s in the afternoons. This front disappeared about midweek as the Bermuda High spread westward and on Thursday afternoon 90-degree heat spread to the central Great Plains. Montana and North Dakota were in cool air. Temperatures there ranged from the 40s in the mornings to the 70s and 80s on Monday ~— | and Tuesday and the 60s on Wednesday. The coolest weather occurred( in the high Rockies where on Tuesday and Wednesday mornings the mercury dipped to 34 degrees. The Bermuda High moved westward reaching the lower Mississippi River Valley by the weekend and | continued to bring hot, sultry weather to the eastern half of the Nation. Arctic air cooled the West. Montana and nieghboring | States were especially cool averaging 6 to 18 degrees cooler than normal. - 490 - ah Webi Roa id y b ‘ r i x 1 n Bans nh AG h ‘ t i ‘ ‘ 2 wi VOL. 22 No. 31 August 4 1972 j7 AP Cooperative EConomic Insect Report Issued by PLANT PROTECTION AND QUARANTINE PROGRAMS ANIMAL AND PLANT HEALTH INSPECTION SERVICE U.S.DEPARTMENT OF AGRICULTURE ANIMAL AND PLANT HEALTH INSPECTION SERVICE PLANT PROTECTION AND QUARANTINE PROGRAMS ECONOMIC INSECT SURVEY AND DETECTION STAFF The Cooperative Economic Insect Report is issued weekly as a service to American Agriculture. Its contents are compiled from information supplied by cooperating State, Federal, and industrial entomologists and other agricultural workers. In releasing this material the Service serves as a Clearing house and does not assume responsibility for ac- curacy of the material. All reports and inquiries pertaining to this releasem including the mailing list, should beysequmuo- CEIR Economic Insect Survey and Detection Plant Protection and Quarantine Programs Animal and Plant Health Inspection Service United States Department of Agriculture Federal Center Building Hyattsville, Maryland 20782 Jolume 22 August 4, 1972 Number 31 COOPERATIVE ECONOMIC INSECT REPORT HIGHLIGHTS Current Conditions ARMYWORM outbreak reported on grasses in Georgia. Damage to ria other crops reported from other areas. (p. 493). Moth collections heavy in some areas. (pp. 508-509). FALL ARMYWORM also damaging grasses in Georgia and Mississippi. (p. 498). GREENBUG increased on sorghum in South Plains and Trans—Pecos areas of Texas, southwest Kansas, and Arkansas Valley of Colorado. Parasites effective in some areas. POTATO LEAFHOPPER increased on } \CORN ROOTWORM adults emerging; feeding on corn silks reported. \Second-brood EUROPEAN CORN BORER egg laying underway. Copp a426- 497). BOLL WEEVIL infestations increased on cotton in South Carolina and Georgia, remain heavy in southern and central Alabama. (pp. 499- 501). i f PEAR RUST MITE near outbreak level on pears in southwest Oregon; junusually heavy in many pear-growing areas of California. Go5 S08). j DOUGLAS FIR TUSSOCK MOTH widespread on Douglas-fir in central Washington. SOUTHERN PINE BEETLE reaching epidemic proportions throughout Alabama. (p. 504). Detection An ARMORED SCALE reported for first time in Florida. (p. 498). For new county and parish records see page 502. ‘Special Reports Estimates of Damage by the European Corn Borer to Grain Corn in the United States in 1971. (pp. 510-511). ‘Khapra Beetle. Selected References 1970. (pp. 5251153) Reports in this issue are for week ending July 28 unless other- wise indicated. - 491 - CONTENTS Special Insects of Regional Significance. ........++s.e+-eeeeee 493 Insects Affecting Corn, Sorghum, Sugarcane..... 496 Potatoes, Tomatoes, Turf, Pastures, Rangeland....498 PEPPEL'S). Fab. oss oe ohereeeMene .002 Forage Legumes..............-. 498 Beans and Peas........... 002 SHOWN > oagobdcccatdundoodoodK 499 Deciduous Fruits and Nuts..503 COME OMI PIN asics Chase tetenchomamelenelfoNetclie A499) \CLELUSIAL Ake. svoleveneotoneenemene . 003 OWA C COMMU aie a Rieu Tretellenoutcreiteu eee 501 Ornamentals........ Aaoiries lob oro ho 503 SUieeie IESUS 6 ooescococdadcadoce 501 Forest and Shade Trees..... 503 Miscellaneous Field Crops....501 Man and Animals........... .004 DSC CE TOM eg heitered tiara eke eles isvlate ep ei lavver shattetesestte ra: ois dleyer-an etkobayielisizeltetelte ene aeneme MeRememe Melts 502 Beneficial Insects..... eibeieleh stevia ldchtan sal Toblette: Sohibire fel tol seh eke al fat. o! deltch o: SOc MeMOne ene tee Nell MtamS 505 Federal and State Plant Protection Programs DES RD RO cepa Beni e Be 505 | HAWAII SS CEPR EG POM trteeretone rere ileal o) citeiteney lela elie: otrettohlel = vet ionte ou se OR Re 507 Lei oht “Drap (Col LSC GaOms 55. ie los eles tet) lesosihre dertat wiveuseh che Fok steal ones een tcc hone ena 508 Estimates of Damage by the European Corn Borer To Grain /Corh in- theUni ted) States” inglOMmilee. 135 fe eo eee .510 Khapra Beetle, Selected References 1970...........cccecrcccccecs -o12 Weather O€£ Che WeESK shag cn cc isiiels, winerveue: Beleres 8; eeu eiid loiieiike: witegoceinanteoenroil cate Hten meme nea 514 NATIONAL WEATHER SERVICE'S 30-DAY OUTLOOK AUGUST 1972 The National Weather Service's 30-day outlook for August is for temperatures to average below seasonal normals from the Continental Divide to the Appalachians. Above normal temperatures are indicated for the western quarter of the Nation and also the middle and north Atlantic coast. Elsewhere near normal temperatures are in prospect. Rainfall is expected to exceed normal from eastern portions of the central and southern Plains, through the middle Mississippi and Ohio Valleys to the Northeast. Subnormal totals are indicated for central and southern portions of the Pacific coast and the Inter- mountain Region. In unspecified areas, near normal totals are expected. Weather forecast given here is based on the official 30-day ''Resume and Outlook" published twice a month by the National Weather Service. You can subscribe through the Superintendent of Documents, Washington, D.C. 20250. Price $5.00 a year. - 492 - SPECIAL INSECTS OF REGIONAL SIGNIFICANCE ARMYWORM (Pseudaletia unipuncta) - GEORGIA - Outbreak first noted July 18 in southern area; had moved as far north as Carroll County by July 30. Infestations heavy but spotty on corn and Coastal Bermuda grass pastures. Corn leaves being stripped to midrib as high as ear level and in some instances to tassel level. ‘Outbreak this late in season unprecidented in State during past -20 years. (Jordan), Decreasing in south-central area; damaged “millet in Monroe and Fayette Counties. (Tippens et al.). ALABAMA - Heavily damaged 30-acre field of Coastal Bermuda grass in Blount 'County. Controls applied. Undetermined species heavy in several large Coastal Bermuda grass fields at Midway, Bullock County, and at Smiths Station, Lee County. (Loyd, Dyar, Alley). P. unipuncta and Spodoptera frugiperda (fall armyworm) ranged 2-10 per whorl in young home garden corn in Lee County. (McQueen). FLORIDA - 'P. unipuncta larvae heavy, damaged stand of Coastal Bermuda grass ‘at Jasper, Hamilton County. (Fla. Coop. Sur.). NORTH CAROLINA - Heavy damage to corn still reported in Hyde and Tyrrell County area. About 40 acres stripped near Fairfield, Hyde County. Damage most likely in fields with or near heavy grass, particularly fall panicum. (Van Duyn). MAINE - Additional P. unipuncta infestations and damage reported, mostly in central area. Increasing northward. (Gall). NEW HAMPSHIRE - Heavily damaged about 25 acres of timothy at Kensington, Rockingham County; larvae killed by disease. Damaged corn at Stoddard, Cheshire County. Larvae ranged 10-12 per square foot in hayfield at Stratham, Rockingham County. (Bowman). OHIO -.: Total of 5,777 moths taken in blacklight trap at Wooster, Wayne County, June 14-20, (Fox). MICHIGAN - Damaged scattered fields of corn, small grains, and grasses in Bay, Arenac, Genesee, Saginaw, Tuscola, Luce, Menominee, and Montcalm Counties. (Newman). WISCONSIN - Moths heavy at some blacklight trap sites. Larval buildup possible in small corn and Sudan grass for livestock feed. One Marinette County cornfield heavily infested week ending July 21; larvae apparently migrated from adjacent infested grassy pea- field. (Wis. Ins. Sur.). SOUTH DAKOTA - Larvae in 40 percent of oatfields checked in Clay and Turner Counties. Below economic levels; averaged one per 5 square feet. (Kantack). CORN EARWORM (Heliothis zea) - NEW JERSEY - Moth counts increased; spray protection now needed on sweet corn at 3-day intervals, except from central area northward. Increase expected to continue during August. (Ins.-Dis. Newsltr.). MARYLAND - Infestations in corn for canning ranged below 5 percent in Kent, Queen Annes, Dorchester, and Wicomico Counties. Counts and damage expected to increase rapidly. (U. Md., Ent. Dept.). VIRGINIA - Larvae infested Sweet corn in southern tidewater regions. Survey of 15 fields of field corn showed 14.5 percent of ears in all fields infested. Percent infestation by county: Dinwiddie 16, Sussex 28, Southamp- ton 5, Isle of Wight 18, Nansemond 4; no larvae detected in Prince George County. Moth flights very light and corn maturing in area. (Allen). KENTUCKY - Damaged whorls of late corn in Warren County. (Barnett). KANSAS - Ear infestations in silking field corn in Sedgwick County ranged 90-95 percent; some sweet corn in Shawnee County showed about 10 percent ear infestation. (Bell). MISSISSIPPI - Larvae averaged 15 per 100 corn ears in 40 acres in Pontotoc County, 25 per 100 ears in 27 acres in Amite County; 250 acres of sorghum treated in Madison County for whorl infestations. (Robinson). - 493 - CORN LEAF APHID (Rhopalosiphum maidis) - ARIZONA - Heavy in sorghum at Sulfur Springs Valley, Cochise County. (Ariz. Coop. Sur.). ri TEXAS - Light to moderate on sorghum in El Paso, Hudspeth, Reeves, Pecos, Midland, and Glasscock Counties in Trans-—Pecos area. | Generally distributed throughout most of High Plains area near 4 Amarillo. Populations began to decline. Beneficial species heavy | in High Plains. (Neeb, Clymer). MISSISSIPPI - Heavy in 800 acres | of sorghum in Madison County. (Robinson). OKLAHOMA —- Ranged 50- 300 per plant in most sorghum checked in panhandle counties; ranged 500-1,000 per plant in occasional fields. Averaged 500 per plant in Tillman County. Heavy in Jackson, Kiowa, Greer, and Harmon Counties, light in Washita and Caddo Counties. (Okla. Coop. Sur.). KANSAS - Light to moderate in sorghum in south-central and southwest districts; heavy in occasional fields in Reno and Seward Counties. (Bell). ‘ WISCONSIN - R. maidis decreased on corn tassels due to heavy rains. Some found in silks and at bases of plants. (Wis. Ins. Sur.). ILLINOIS - Light on corn. Control not necessary. Lady beetles and flower bugs numerous in many fields helping hold aphids in check. (Ins. Bull.). INDIANA - Heaviest on corn grown for grain in southeast district; infestation ranged 4-88 percent in all 12 fields checked; aphids ranged 1-100 per infested plant. Corn mostly in early to late whorl stages; some tasseled. Single infested field found in south-central district; 3 fields infested of 7 checked in southwest district. Counts lower in south-central and southwest districts; maximum averaged 42 per infested plant. (Meyer). OHIO - R. maidis ranged light to heavy in most field corn in south- west and west-central areas. Counts heaviest where corn in late whorl stage; 90-100 percent of plants in this stage in Darke, Clinton, Warren, and Auglaize Counties with heavy counts. (Fox). MARYLAND - Very light to date on corn Statewide. Moderate on stalks and tassels in several isolated fields in Wicomico and Dorchester Counties. (U. Md., Ent. Dept.). GREENBUG (Schizaphis graminum) - TEXAS - Continued to build up in grain sorghum in most South Plains counties; ranged light to heavy. In northern Panhandle, populations generally light across area with heaviest infestations in older fields. Some fields in Collingsworth, Donley, Castro, Deaf Smith, and Parmer Counties may need controls. Beneficial species generally moderate to heavy with more parasitic wasp activity observed daily. S. graminum moderate in irrigated grain sorghum in Knox County. Activity increased in Trans-—Pecos area. Heaviest activity found in fields in soft to hard dough stage. Counts ranged 2-5 colonies per leaf, ranged 25-900 aphids per colony. (McIntyre et al.). ARKANSAS - Infestations continued at low level in northeast area. Predators and parasites held aphid counts at low level. S. graminum feeding signs seen on sorghum in northwest area, predators and parasites held numbers to low level. (Boyer). OKLAHOMA - S. graminum counts per sorghum plant by county: Beaver 40-800, Texas 50-1,500, Cimarron 20-200. Heaviest counts usually in fields in boot stage or beginning to head. Parasites and predators present in all fields, but numbers low. Scattered fields treated. Greenbug light in most corn checked in area. Averaged 100 per plant in grain sorghum in Tipton area, Tillman County. (Okla. Coop. Sur.). KANSAS - Some significant increases of S. graminum occurred in some southwest counties, especially - 494 - ‘n Grant, Haskell, and Finney Counties. Few economic infestations seen; however, fields in area will need frequent checking. Declined ‘n sorghum in Washington and Marshall Counties as parasitic wasps tontinued to increase; some decrease attributed to recent heavy ‘ains. Some S. graminum economic infestations and/or treatments eported in Chase, Dickinson, Barton, Pawnee, Reno, Harvey, and Stafford Counties. Parasitism by Lysiphlebus testaceipes (a yraconid) moderate to heavy in most areas Surveyed except south- vest district. Scattered fields of young sorghum showed significant stand loss (up to 50 percent) along with severe damage to remain- ing plants by S. graminum in Washington County and in one Marion county field. Greenbug counts on corn in fields in Jackson County eo decreased following heavy rains; about 1 winged aphid per “7 aa a 25 plants and few very young offspring found. (Bell). COLORADO - Increased rapidly in untreated sorghum in Arkansas Valley; ranged J-1,000+ per plant. (Schweissing). NEBRASKA - Parasitism by Lysiphlebus testaceipes ranged 10-95 gercent. Most sorghum fields out of danger as result of parasites and predators. S. graminum noneconomic in western area. (Keith). IOWA - Declined on grain and forage sorghums. Parasitism increased to 25-percent level in 2 fields of forage sorghum in Story County. (Iowa Ins. Sur.). SOUTH DAKOTA - S. graminum building up again in milo. (Kantack). NORTH DAKOTA - Damaged wheat and barley in boot stage in localized area south of Elliott, Ransom County. Damage 100 percent 2 rods along edges and ends of fields. Counts 3,000 per 100 sweeps in damaged areas of fields. Controls applied to most severely damaged fields. (Brandvik). ‘POTATO LEAFHOPPER (Empoasca fabae) —- OHIO - Increased 2 to 5-fold ‘in west-central hay fields due to hot, humid weather past 14 days. Adults and nymphs economic in following counties: Preble (alfalfa), 5 per sweep; Darke (red clover), 35 per 50 sweeps; Butler (alfalfa), 3 per sweep; Mercer (alfalfa), 2-3 per sweep, Butler (clover-timothy), 1-2 per sweep, Logan (clover-timothy), 7 ‘per 50 sweeps. Yellowing occurred in Darke and Butler alfalfa fields. Late instars heavy and damaging Muskingum County alfalfa. (Flessel, Fox). WISCONSIN - Generally low, 2-3 per sweep, in south- west area alfalfa; some sandy soiled fields ranged 590-75 per ‘sweep. Yellowing increased in these Peds GWas . wlM'S!. a SUIC 5) ye ‘MARYLAND - Unchanged in alfalfa; heaviest counts ranged 10-25 per ‘sweep in border areas of fields in Baltimore, Montgomery, and Frederick Counties. Remained light in snap beans, ranged 2-95 per ‘sweep in Carroll, Prince Georges, Queen Annes, and Dorchester Mounties. (U. Md., Ent. Dept.). ‘SPOTTED ALFALFA APHID (Therioaphis maculata) - NEVADA - Infested about 900 acres of seed alfalfa in Dixie Valley of Churchill and ‘Pershing Counties; ranged 20-100 per sweep. These infestations ‘are in addition to 300 acres reported in CEIR DI(3 0) 44 CS et) COLORADO - Ranged 0-100 per 100 sweeps of alfalfa in Pueblo, “rowley, Otero, Bent, and Prowers Counties. (Schweissing). OKLAHOMA - Heavy in scattered alfalfa fields in Okfuskee County. (Okla. Coop. Sur.). ARKANSAS - Light on alfalfa, 0-200 per 100 sweeps, in northwestern area. Expect increase if current hot, dry weather continues. (Boyer). KANSAS - Serious, economic or | bordering on economic, in alfalfa in Sedgwick County. Averaged about 4 per trifoliate leaf in field of 7-inch alfalfa; up to 30 on some lower leaflets. Little leaf shed noted but some yellowing of lower leaves seen. In another field just cut, large number of aphids seen on ground, especially beneath windrows; green stubble - 495 - often solidly covered with aphids, especially bordering windrows. (Bell). WISCONSIN - Increased on alfalfa in sandier soiled region of western Dane County and southern Sauk County. Up to 300 per sweep in some fields; average nearer 50 per sweep. Alates about : 10 percent of population. Counts per individual stem ranged 10-15. (Wis. Ins. Sur.). TOBACCO HORNWORM (Manduca sexta) - KENTUCKY - This species and Heliothis spp. damaged tobacco. Percent damage by county, based on examination of 100 plants per location: Franklin 10, Green 15, Scott 1, Adair 10, Metcalfe 8.5, Warren 3, Marion 8. (Barnett). CORN, SORGHUM, SUGARCANE CORN ROOTWORMS (Diabrotica spp.) - TEXAS - D. virgifera (western corn rootworm) heavy Locally in corn in Dallam County near Texline. Adults emerged, damage heavy to corn silks. Controls applied. (Hills). OKLAHOMA - Light numbers of D. virgifera adults emerged in most corn checked in Cimarron and Texas Counties. Light numbers of D. undecimpunctata howardi (southern corn root- worm) seen in Texas, Cimarron, and Beaver Counties. (Okla. Coop. Sur.). KANSAS - Some severe root damage by Diabrotica spp. seen in untreated corn in Nemaha and Sedgwick Counties. Severe silk feeding by D. virgifera adults resulted in very poor pollination in field in Sedgwick County. Adults ranged 1-11 per plant in silking corn in Doniphan County, 1-5 per plant in Brown and Nemaha Counties. (Bell). MISSOURI - D. virgifera larval damage observed in Pettis County; lodging averaged 2 percent. Adults averaged 5 per plant. (Thomas). D. virgifera adults collected in Cole, Franklin, Gasconade, and Osage Counties. These are new county records. (Munson). NEBRASKA - D. virgifera and D. longicornis (northern corn root- worm) caused light damage to about 30 percent of fields in corn for 3 or more years in Dawson County. Counts heaviest for past 5 years. Adult emergence slower than usual. Averaged 2-3 adults per plant in heaviest infested fields; increase continued. (Pruess). Diabrotica spp. adults ranged 1-4 per plant in most fields checked in Lancaster County. Beetles ranged 2-15 per plant with 2-6 per silk in Seward County field. (Berogan). SOUTH DAKOTA - Diabrotica spp. damaged treated and untreated corn over infested area. Larval development well advanced; some adults emerged. (Kantack). ILLINOIS - Diabrotica spp. becoming numerous as emergence continues. (ins. Bull.). IOWA - Adults emerging, silk feeding has necessitated treatment in pollinating corn in southwest area. (Iowa Ins. Sur.). OHIO - D. longicornis adults emerged in Hancock, Wayne, Sandusky, Wyandot, Morrow, Darke, and Warren Counties. Corn silks in pollinated fields should be checked closely for clipping. (Musick, Fox). MARYLAND - First D. longicornis adults of season feeding on corn silks in Harford and Kent Counties; noneconomic. (U. Md., Ent. Dept.). EUROPEAN CORN BORER (Ostrinia nubilalis) - NEW JERSEY - Moth catches increased sharply; represents beginning of second flight. Egg masses found on young sweet corn plantings. Some hatch will occur before August 1, but major hatch expected after this date. (Ins.-Dis. Newsltr.). DELAWARE - Adults increased in blacklight traps in Sussex County; ranged 13-31 per night. Egg masses on field corn in central Sussex County averaged 13 per 100 plants; - 496 - resh masses on peppers in most areas. Pupation of first generation in corn averaged 70 percent. (Burbutis, Kelsey). MARYLAND - strinia nubilalis egg laying increased rapidly in Kent, Queen Annes, Talbot, Wicomico, and Worcester Counties. Ranged 10-15 Pes masses per 100 plants; ranged 2-5 per 100 plants in Prince Seorges and Montgomery Counties. Pupation 80 percent on Eastern Shore, 50 percent in central counties. (U. Md., Ent. Dept.). DHIO —~ Percent infestation of field corn by late O. nubilalis larvae and pupae by county (50-100 plants per county): Fayette 24, Darke 14, Highland 12, Auglaize 10, Brown 8, Clinton 4. Infestation 20 percent in Clinton County sweet corn. (Fox). ILLINOIS - Second-generation moths laying eggs in southern area. Moth emergence underway in central area, egg laying just begun. Moth emergence just beginning in northern area. Egg laying will beak in 10 days in central area, about 14 days in northern area. gg laying will continue about 14-21 days. Gnse ball: INDIANA - No infestations observed in southwest district; single infested field seen in south-central district with 4 percent infestation; 2 infested fields with 8 percent infestation seen lin southeast district. Total of 23 fields checked. Mor tality appears to have been heavy in these districts and in other fields examined . (Meyer). i ‘IOWA - O. nubilalis moths emerging. Larvae averaged 2,500 per lacre in 32 study fields in Boone County. If present weather fgeenos continue, about 50 percent of larvae expected to pupate ‘and contribute to second brood. (Brindley). NEBRASKA - First brood damaged 8-40 percent of plants in fields checked in Seward and Lancaster Counties. (Berogan). SOUTH DAKOTA - In infested fields ‘near Centerville, Turner County, 95 percent of larvae in last instar; averaged 1.5 per stalk. Pupation begun; some adults emerged. Infested 80 percent of stalks in fields checked near ‘Howard, Miner County; larvae just entering stalks. Many small larvae present. Conditions similar in southeast Jerauld County. Averaged 2 larvae per stalk in Miner County; ranged 3-4 per stalk in Jerauld County, with about 100 percent of stalks infested. (Kantack). LESSER CORNSTALK BORER (Elasmopalpus lignosellus) - GEORGIA - Heavy in sorghum in Wayne and Telfair Counties. (Deal, McKinnon, July 22). ALABAMA - Larvae damaged several fields of grain ‘sorghum in Houston County, fields replanted. (Roney) . ‘SOUTHWESTERN CORN BORER (Diatraea grandiosella) - TEXAS - Increased in corn in Castro and Parmer Counties, some treatments applied. (Clymer). FALL ARMYWORM (Spodoptera frugiperda) - MARYLAND - First larvae of season damaged 6 percent of 20-acre stand of late planted corn fin Carroll County. (U. Md., Ent. Dept.). CONCHUELA (Chlorochroa ligata) - TEXAS - Infested grain sorghum in Taylor, Jones, and Knox Counties in Rolling Plains; ranged 2-3 adults per head in heavily infested fields. (Boring). SORGHUM MIDGE (Contarinia sorghicola) - TEXAS - Damaging numbers noted in grain sorghum in Jones, Knox, and Baylor Counties in Rolling Plains. Producers in area should inspect grain sorghum as it begins to bloom to determine need for controls. (Boring). - 497 - MISSISSIPPI - Contarinia sorghicola continued to develop on Johnson grass with some movement into sorghum noted. Emergence from Johnson grass in Oktibbeha County from June 26 through July 24 showed average of 27 midges per head with up to 150 from single heads. (Ross). BANKS GRASS MITE (Oligonychus pratensis) - TEXAS - Light to heavy in grain sorghum fields in Knox County. Heaviest infestations in fields sprayed several times to control other pests. Light in several northern Panhandle counties; activity remains moderate in) Trans—Pecos area near El Paso. No activity detected in Pecos and | Reeves Counties. (Clymer et al.). Infested corn in Castro County in High Plains area. No damaging populations found. (Clymer). OKLAHOMA - Moderate on lower 1-3 leaves in 1 of 5 cornfields checked in Texas County and 1 of 2 fields in Cimarron County. Light on lower leaves of scattered plants in Beaver County field. killa. ‘Coop. Suck) TURF, PASTURES, RANGELAND light in Hampton, Barnwell, Calhoun, and Saluda Counties; most feeding on Coastal Bermuda grass. First report of season. (Thomas). GEORGIA - Destroyed foliage of Coastal Bermuda grass hayfields in Burke and Greene Counties. Very heavy in field of young sorghum in Wilcox County. (French). MISSISSIPPI - First damaging infestations reported in 70 acres of hybrid grasses | grown for pasture and hay in Amite County and in 75 acres in [ Leake County. (Robinson). i FALL ARMYWORM (Spodoptera frugiperda) - SOUTH CAROLINA - Larvae | SAGEBRUSH DEFOLIATOR (Aroga websteri) - NEVADA - Severely damaged big sagebrush (Artemisia tridentata) in Long Valley area, Washoe County; some damaged areas ranged 750-1,000 acres. (Heise). BLUEGRASS BILLBUG (Sphenophorus parvulus) - UTAH - Damage to lawns more general and common throughout Salt Lake County. Damage continued to spread in Davis County. (Knowlton, Burningham). WHITE GRUBS (Phyllophaga spp.) - NORTH DAKOTA - Damaged range grass in Sheyenne National Grasslands, Richland County. Popula- tions of 10-12 grubs per square foot completely consumed roots of native grasses. (Mulkern). AN ARMORED SCALE (Chortinaspis subchortina) - FLORIDA - Collected on centipede grass (Eremochloa ophiuroides) at Pensacola, Escambia County, July 12 by D. Mullins. Determined by G. W. Dekle. This is a new State record. (Fla. Coop. Sur.). GRASSHOPPERS - KENTUCKY - Adults and nymphs averaged 79 per 100 Sweeps in roadside grasses and pastures in Warren and Barren Counties. (Barnett). FORAGE LEGUMES ALFALFA WEEVIL (Hypera postica) - NEW YORK - Adults ranged up to 350 per 100 sweeps of alfalfa at Ithaca, Tompkins County, July 14-24, Microctonus aethiops (a braconid) , a parasite of H. posta adults, being released at selected sites over State. (N.Y. Wkly. Rpt., July 24). KANSAS - Adults per 10 sweeps of alfalfa ranged as follows in 5 fields per county: Cowley, 1-5; Chautauqua, 0-6; - 498 - ( ii Montgomery, 0-4; Labette, 0-3; Neosho, 0-4; Crawford, 1-4; Wilson, - 1. (Bell). COLORADO - Larvae of Hypera postica ranged 0- 40 per 100 sweeps of alfalfa in Pueblo, Crowley, Otero, Bent, and Prowers Counties. (Schweissing). PEA LEAF WEEVIL (Sitona lineata) - WASHINGTON - Adult counts and damage on alfalfa continued heavy at various eastern localities. Damage ranged moderate to severe in 40 acres of alfalfa in Franklin County. (Hokansen et al.). }] PEA APHID (Acyrthosiphon pisum) - NEVADA - Ranged 200-300 per sweep on 400 acres Of seed alfalfa in Reese River, Lander County. (Hilbig). Averaged 300 per sweep on 250 acres of alfalfa hay at Orovada, Humboldt County. (Martinelli et al.). COLORADO - Ranged 0-400 per 100 sweeps of alfalfa in Pueblo, Crowley, Otero, Bent, and Prowers Counties. (Schweissing). ALFALFA LEAF BLOTCH-MINER (Agromyza frontella) - MASSACHUSETTS - Leaflet infestation 21+ percent in untreated 4-week-old alfalfa lanting in Hampshire County; 4 percent in treated block. a. i ‘ARMYWORMS — WASHINGTON - Spodoptera praefica (western yellow- striped armyworm) larvae averaged I per sweep on lentils west of Colfax, Whitman County; ranged 2-3 per sweep on lambsquarters in weedy southwest corner of field. Mamestra configurata (ber tha armyworm) showed preference for lambsquarters in alfalfa seed field north of Pasco, Franklin County. (Johansen, Baird). GRASSHOPPERS - KENTUCKY - Average adult and nymphal counts, mostly Concephalus spp., per 100 sweeps of forage by county: Trimble 335, Warren 1,200, Metcalfe 225. (Barnett). SOYBEANS MEXICAN BEAN BEETLE (Epilachna varivestis) - MARYLAND - Popula- tions and damage unchanged. Newly emerged adults will begin heavy eggs laying next 7 days in Dorchester, Wicomico, and Talbot Counties. Most infestations below economic levels to date. (U. iMe..Ent. Dept.). LESSER CORNSTALK BORER (Elasmopalpus lignosellus) - ALABAMA - Larvae heavy, destroyed most of soybean plants in sandy area of field in southwest Houston County. Larvae occurred throughout field. (Roney). ‘SPIDER MITES (Tetranychus spp.) - MISSOURI - Moderate to heavy in ‘central and west-central areas. Infestations heavy enough to warrant control recommendations. (Thomas). COTTON BOLLWORMS (Heliothis spp.) - NORTH CAROLINA - Economic larval ‘damage reported from less than 2 percent of 250 cotton fields ‘surveyed in Scotland County area. Very few eggs observed to date /in Northampton County area. (Bradley). SOUTH CAROLINA - Larval infestations in Florence area ranged 1-4 percent in treated plots, i- 2 percent in untreated plots. Infestations increased rapidly but ‘moth activity continued light. (Taft et al., July 26). GEORGIA - Egg laying still heavy in southern areas, iS to 200 eggs and 22 - 499 - small larvae per 100 terminals. (Womack). Counts per 100 terminals by county: Crisp, 6-42 eggs and 4-63 larvae; Wilcox, 6-48 eggs. (Hudson, Nix). ALABAMA - Occurred statewide; not serious except in isolated fields. (McQueen). MISSISSIPPI - Eggs and small larvae increased over State; counts heaviest in fields near corn. (Robinson). LOUISIANA - Damaged squares found in 27 of 52 plots checked in Madison Parish; infestation ranged 1-10 (averaged 4.4) percent in infested plots. Damaged squares found in all of 8 fields checked; ranged 1-4 (averaged 2.5) percent. In Tensas Parish, damaged squares found in all of 6 fields checked; ranged 1-5 (averaged 3) percent. (Cleveland et al.). TEXAS - In 9 treated fields in McLennan and Falls Counties, H. zea eggs averaged 3.8 and larvae 2.5 per 100 terminals. Eggs averaged 2.7 and larvae 1.8 per 100 terminals in 15 untreated fields. Percent damaged squares averaged 15.5 (maximum 58.2) percent in 9 treated fields and 5.9 (maximum 21.5) percent in 14 untreated fields. Of 341 larvae collected on cotton, 218 determined as H. virescens. Most early planted fields past stage where bollworms can cause damage, but many late fields being damaged. (Cowan et al.). Counts increased in fields in Erath County; estimated at about 20,000 per acre at Tarleton Experiment Station. Leaf loss at this location not extensive, treatment not required. (Hoelscher). OKLAHOMA - H. zea percent damaged squares ranged 2-15 in Muskogee County, 6-18 in Wagoner County, 5-20 in Bryan County. Averaged 15 percent in Marshall County. Eggs light in these areas. In Jackson, Harmon, Kiowa, and Greer Counties larvae ranged 1-4 per 100 terminals and eggs 0-7 per 100 terminals in most fields. Damage ranged 1-2 percent in Tillman County, averaged 1 percent in Grady County. Eggs and larvae very light in Caddo and Washita Counties. (Okla. Coop. Sur.). BOLL WEEVIL (Anthonomus grandis) - SOUTH CAROLINA - In Florence area, adults ranged 0-311 per acre in treated plots, O-2,168 per acre in untreated plots. Larval infestations ranged 1-2 percent in treated plots, 11-15 percent in untreated plots. Infestations increased in most fields; however, no indications of migration. (Taft et al., July 26). GEORGIA - Infestations increased through- out State; up to 60 percent punctured squares in southern areas where adequate controls not applied. (Womack). Punctured squares 1-11 percent in Crisp County and 1-9 percent in Wilcox County. (Womack). ALABAMA - Infestations remain heavy throughout south and central areas; square infestations ranged 10-70 percent. Infestations in proportion to control efforts. Many fields in northern area, including mountain area, with 10-30 percent square damage. Limited controls in extreme northern section, including mountain and Tennessee Valley areas. (McQueen). MISSISSIPPI - A. grandis punctured squares increased due to first-= generation emergence. Percent punctured squares by county: Rankin, | 11 in 207 fields; Simpson, 25 in 4 fields totaling 115 acres; 4 Forrest 18.6; Lawrence 3.3; Noxubee, 5 in 500 acres; Chickasaw, 40 in 225 acres; Bolivar, 9 in 4 fields; De Soto, 2 in 2,200 acres; Issaquena 0-3 in 2,000 acres; Leflore, 0.5 in 88 fields. (Robinson). LOUISIANA - Punctured squares found in 51 of 52 plots checked in Madison Parish; infestations ranged 1-22 (averaged 7.7) percent in infested plots. Punctured squares found in all 8 fields checked; ranged 1-29 (averaged 8.1) percent. Punctured squares found in 2 fields checked in areas that received diapause control - 500 - treatments in Tensas Parish in fall of 1971; infestation 8 per- cent in each field. Punctured squares found in all of 4 fields checked in untreated areas of Tensas Parish; ranged 4-21 (averaged 110) percent. (Cleveland et al. ). TEXAS - Percent punctured squares averaged 8 (maximum 27.2) in 9 treated fields in McLennan and ‘Falls Counties; averaged 10.95 (maximum 87) in 14 untreated fields. (Cowan et al.). OKLAHOMA - Anthonomus grandis infesta- tions ranged 0-43 percent in Jackson, Greer, and Harmon Counties; averaged 5 percent or less in most Fietde. Ranged 1-8 percent in Kiowa County, 1-2 percent in Tillman County. Averaged 18 percent in Washita and Caddo Counties and 4 percent in Grady County. Ranged 10-20 percent in Marshall County; moderate in Bryan ‘County. (Okla. Coop. Sur.). CABBAGE LOOPER (Trichoplusia ni) - NEW MEXICO - Eggs increased on cotton in Dona Ana County. Beneficial insects may prevent larvae from becoming problem. (N.M. Coop. Rpt.). TOBACCO GREEN PEACH APHID (Myzus persicae) - MARYLAND - Increased slowly in Charles, Prince Georges, and St. Marys counties. Light on 2-5 plants per 50 plants examined. (U. Md., Ent. Dept.). VARIEGATED CUTWORM (Peridroma saucia) - WISCONSIN - Larvae, about ‘full grown, taken from tobacco seed bed in Dane County; probably ‘third generation. Adults emerging, will oviposit into November, larvae will overwinter. (Wis. Ins. Sur.). SUGAR BEETS SUGARBEET ROOT MAGGOT (Tetanops myopaeformis) - MINNESOTA - Infested area north of Sabin, Clay County. At least 2 sugar beet fields totally destroyed. Two other fields nearby less extensively damaged. Control excellent in one sugar beet field; untreated ‘check strips severely damaged. (Minn. Pest Rpt.). MISCELLANEOUS FIELD CROPS SUNFLOWER BLOSSOM MIDGE (Contarinia schulzi) - MINNESOTA - Infestations found in southern Clay County in Barnesville area; ranged up to 60 percent in central Clay County. High counts in marginal rows usually decreased after 50 or more rows inward. In early infested fields, larvae maturing and disappearing from blossom heads. All sizes found. About 1,600 larvae found on flower bud 2.5 inches in diameter during laboratory check. Deformed blossom heads found on few plants on outside edges of fields. Larvae found in late plants 3 feet in height and develop- ing flower buds. Little known of life cycle; uncertain of effect on later sunflower plantings. (Minn. Pest pit ii SUNFLOWER MOTH (Homoeosoma electellum) - NEBRASKA - Infested 2-45 |/percent of heads in 4 sunflower fields in Platte County. Larvae ‘ranged 1-25 (averaged 3) per infested head. (Keith et al.). » CARROT BEETLE (Bothynus gibbosus) - TEXAS - Destroyed up to 75 |/percent of sunflower plants in experimental plots at Munday Vegetable Research Station. (Boring). | = 5 Oie— TWOSPOTTED SPIDER MITE (Tetranychus urticae) - OREGON - Heavy, damaged mint and hops in Grants Pass area, Josephine County. Damage spotty and at scattered localities in mintfields and hop- yards. (Larson, Berry). POTATOES, TOMATOES, PEPPERS GREEN PEACH APHID (Myzus persicae) - NEW JERSEY - Very heavy on potatoes near Lumberton, Burlington County, and Deerfield Street, Cumberland County. (Ins.-Dis. Newsltr.). MICHIGAN - Increased on potatoes. Controls should be applied on 7 to 10-day schedule. (Newman). COLORADO - Built up rapidly in number of potato fields; ranged 30-50 per leaf in Otero County, 1-20 per leaf in Weld County. (Schweissing, Urano). CALIFORNIA - Potato growers at Tulelake, Siskiyou County, experienced difficulties with controls on potatoes. Repeat applications not controlling popula- tions. This area is primarily certified seed potatoes. M. persicae becoming major pest on wide range of hosts. (Cal. Coop. Rpt.). OREGON - Migration continued heavy in Newell Heights, Chalk Butte, Mitchell Butte, and Adrian areas of Malheur County. Moved into potato fields in Newell Heights region from several adjacent severely infested sugar beet fields. (Henninger). WASHINGTON - Yellow-pan trap counts in potato area around Othello, Adams County, 2-3 times higher than those near Moses Lake, Grant County, week ending July 19. (Harwood et al.). BEANS AND PEAS COWPEA CURCULIO (Chalcodermus aeneus) - SOUTH CAROLINA - Heavy in most peas across State. Damage economic in fields where controls not applied. (Thomas). GEORGIA - Adults severely damaged beans in Spalding County. (Tippins, July 22). DETECTION New State Record - An ARMORED SCALE (Chortinaspis subchortina) - FLORIDA — Escambia County. (p. 498). New County and Parish Records - A PUNCTUREVINE SEED WEEVIL (Microlarinus Llareynii) OKLAHOMA - Beaver (p. 505). A THRIPS (Scirtothrips inermis) CALIFORNIA - San Diego (p. 503). MIMOSA WEBWORM (Homadaula anisocentra) OHIO - Summit (p. 503). WESTERN CORN ROOTWORM (Diabrotica virgifera) MISSOURI - Cole, Franklin, Gasconade, Osage (p. 496). WHITEFRINGED BEETLES (Graphogna thus spp.) LOUISIANA - Vernon (p. 507). - 502 - ; DECIDUOUS FRUITS AND NUTS 1 PEAR RUST MITE (Epitrimerus pyri) - OREGON - Approached outbreak ‘levels in some pear orchards in Medford area, Jackson County. Buildup probably due to lax control programs. Cold weather earlier this spring severely reduced amount of fruit; some growers not ‘applying needed controls. (Berry). CALIFORNIA - E. pyri and ‘Phytoptus pyri (pearleaf blister mite) unusually heavy in many pear growing areas; some damage will occur. Normally only periodi- cal problem in foothill areas. (Cal. Coop. Rpt.). -PEARSLUG (Caliroa cerasi) - UTAH - Damage heavy to untreated cherry and pear orchards throughout Box Elder, Cache, Davis, Utah, Salt Lake, and Weber Counties. Damage most Severe on cherries. (Davis). FALL WEBWORM (Hyphantria cunea) — NEW MEXICO - Webs heavy on many pecan trees in Dona Ana and Otero Counties. (N.M. Coop. Rpt.). TEXAS - Damaged pecans in Tom Green, Nolan, Taylor, Jones, and Runnels Counties in Rolling Plains. Heavy on pecan trees in Madison County. (Boring, Williamson). WALNUT CATERPILLAR (Datana integerrima) - TEXAS - Moderate infes- tations damaged pecan foliage in Nolan and Taylor Counties. (Boring). CITRUS CITRUS FLAT MITE (Brevipalpus lewisi) - ARIZONA - Heavy in citrus nursery at Peoria, Maricopa County. Increased in citrus groves not previously treated at Yuma, Yuma County. (Ariz. Coop. Sur.). ORNAMENTALS A THRIPS (Scirtothrips inermis) - CALIFORNIA - Infested Liquidambar styraciflua (sweetgum) trees in Vista, San Diego County. This is a new county record for this thrips reported for first time in North America in CEIR 22(30):483. Survey con- tinued in southern counties. (Cal. Coop. Rpt.). MIMOSA WEBWORM (Homadaula anisocentra) - OHIO - Larvae light on about 100 honeylocust trees in nursery in Summit County. This is a new county record. (Kelley). _ FOREST AND SHADE TREES SPRUCE BUDWORM (Choristoneura fumiferana) - MAINE - Damage very heavy on spruce in many locations. Moths numerous and laying eggs in areas where damage heavy. Damage light to medium in Dennis- town area, Somerset County. Feeding light in other western and central areas. (Gall). NEW HAMPSHIRE - Several hundred moths taken on windows of building in Durham, Strafford County, July 24 by W.J. Morse. In blacklight trap at Lee, 178 collected July 23. (Blickle). AN OLETHREUTID MOTH (Rhyacionia bushnelli) - NORTH DAKOTA - Larvae damaged native stands of ponderosa pine in Burning Coal Vein area, Slope County. Present in roadside plantings of ponderosa pine near Dickinson, Stark County. (McKnight, July 20). SOUTH DAKOTA - Larvae severely damaged ponderosa pines in roadside planting at - 503 - Redfield, Spink County. (McKnight). DOUGLAS FIR TUSSOCK MOTH (Hemerocampa pseudotsugata) - WASHINGTON - Widespread on Douglas-fir in central area; increase evident on infested acreage. Especially heavy in Okanogan and Chelan Counties. Infestations scattered in eastern part of State. Polyhedral virus evident in Okanogan County. (McComb et al.). BAGWORM (Thyridopteryx ephemeraeformis) - TEXAS - Heavy on cedars in Wilbarger, Hall, Taylor, Wichita, and Baylor Counties in Rolling Plains. Also heavy on ornamentals in Potter County. (Boring, Clymer). SOUTHERN PINE BEETLE (Dendroctonus frontalis) - ALABAMA - Reach- ing epidemic proportions on statewide basis. Thirty of the 67 counties in State found infested as result of aerial survey. Survey not yet complete. (Moody et al.). REDHEADED PINE SAWFLY (Neodiprion lecontei) - ALABAMA - Maturing larvae damaged young pines in Lee and Coffee Counties. Controls applied. (Casaday, Wegener). MAN AND ANIMALS SCREWWORM (Cochliomyia hominivorax) - Total of 3,852 confirmed cases reported in continental U.S. during period July 16-22 as follows: Texas 3,717; New Mexico 42; Arizona 78; California 1; Oklahoma 14. Heaviest infestations during period were in 5 south- central counties in Texas as follows: Gonzales 150, Atascosa 114, Wilson 111, Gillespie 110, Kinney 103. Single case reported in Panola County, Texas, 3 miles from Texas-Louisiana State line. Total of 1,207 cases confirmed in Mexico. Number of sterile flies released this period in U.S. totaled 177,218,000 as follows: Texas 150,068,000; New Mexico 5,526,000; Arizona 18,264,000; California 600,000; Oklahoma 400,000; Louisiana 920,000; Arkansas 1,440,000. Total of 1,916,000 sterile flies released in Mexico. (Anim. Health). FACE FLY (Musca autumnalis) - GEORGIA - Heavy on pastured cattle in northern area. (Nolan). MISSISSIPPI - Averaged 15 per face on 200 cattle in Monroe County. Some isolated cattle had up to 200 on face and body. (Combs). KENTUCKY - Adults averaged 21 per animal on Holstein, Hereford, Charolais, and Black Angus cattle in Scott County. (Barnett). STABLE FLY (Stomoxys calcitrans) - WISCONSIN - Moderate annoyance to cattle in all areas. Severe nuisance to vacationers in Price County. About 9 flies per leg seen on dairy cattle at Dane County fair, (Wis. Ins. Sur.). CALIFORNIA - Continued nuisance in many locations over State. (Cal. Coop. Rpt.) HORN FLY (Haematobia irritans) - MISSISSIPPI - Counts per head by county: Leake 150; Chickasaw 100+; Amite 150+; and Simpson 200+. (Locke et al.). OKLAHOMA - Ranged 100-150 per head on cattle in Payne County; averaged 300 per head in Cimarron County. Heavy in Okfuskee, Hughes, Garvin, Jefferson, and McCurtain Counties; moderate in Cleveland County; light in Kingfisher County. (Okla. Coop. Sur.). TEXAS - Ranged 50-1,000 per animal on cattle in Crockett, Brewster, Pecos, Culberson, and Ward Counties. (Neeb). GEORIGA - Annoyed cattle throughout State. (Nolan). - 504 - MOSQUITOES - WISCONSIN - Increased due to heavy rains. Severe biting occurred in some areas of Racine and Kenosha Counties, particularly near marshes. Aedes vexans Seems major biter in these counties. Biting increased in Price County July 20. Heaviest populations of season noted in Trempealeau County. Moderate annoyance to cattle reported from Polk, Chippewa, and Rock Counties. Problem expected for 3 or more weeks. (Wis. Ins. Sur.). MAINE - Aedes spp. present in many areas but counts declined. Culex pipiens pipiens and Anopheles spp. increased. Saltmarsh species troublesome in several locations along coast. (Gall). LONE STAR TICK (Amblyomma americanum) - OKLAHOMA - Heavy on cattle and dogs in McCurtain County. (OKla. Coop. Sur.). AMERICAN DOG TICK (Dermacentor variabilis) - OHIO - Removed from skull near hairline of 4-year-old girl from Brown County. Con- tracted tick paralysis; removal improved condition within 24 hours. As of July 8, 13 cases of Rocky Mountain spotted fever reported. including 3 fatalities. (Ohio Dept. Health). BENEFICIAL INSECTS A PUNCTUREVINE SEED WEEVIL (Microlarinus lareynii) - OKLAHOMA - Reared from puncturevine seed in Beaver County. This is a new county record. (Okla. Coop. Sur.). A WEEVIL (Rhinocyllus conicus) - WEST VIRGINIA - Released 3,700 adults at 3 sites in Monroe County pasture fields heavily infested with curled thistle. (Hacker). A CINNABAR MOTH (Tyria jacobaeae) - WASHINGTON - Larvae infested tansy ragwort (Senecio jacobaea) in area about 0,5 mile in diameter near Amboy, Clark County, where originally released in 1966. (Shanks). A BRACONID (Lysiphlebus testaceipes) - OKLAHOMA - Parasitism of Schizaphis graminum (greenbug) on sorghum ranged 5-10 percent in most fields in Beaver County, 1-3 percent in Texas and Cimarron Counties, (Okla. Coop. Sur.). FEDERAL AND STATE PLANT PROTECTION PROGRAMS COMSTOCK MEALYBUG (Pseudococcus comstocki) - CALIFORNIA - Survey Showed infestation at Springville, Tulare County, increased; now involves several properties. Infestation in Exeter treated, sur- vey continues. (Cal. Coop. Rpt.). GRASS BUGS (Labops spp.) - UTAH - L. hirtus damaged grasses at high elevations in Duck Creek area of Kane County and in Fish Lake and Koosharem areas of Sevier County. Labops sp. caused Severe damage in Spanish Fork area, Utah County, and especially in Diamond Fork area. Field in Salina Canyon area burned to control heavy infestation. Labops sp. damaged grasses on Grind- Stone Flat in Beaver County. Egg laying underway in infested areas. (Haws). GRASSHOPPERS - NORTH DAKOTA - Adults mostly noneconomic in Dickey, Sargent, and Ransom Counties except for few scattered light in- festations in parts of Dickey and Sargent Counties and few - 505 - economic infestations in eastern Ransom County. (Grasser). SOUTH DAKOTA - Heavy locally west of Junction City, Union County; averaged 50 per square yard. (Kantack). KANSAS - Pruned silks down to ear tips of 2 border rows in Doniphan County cornfield; ranged 8-10 per square yard in grass bordering field. (Bell). UTAH - Increased in foothill and some range areas; adults moved from range and uncultivated land into alfalfa and other eulti- vated crops. Serious, with little control effort being made. Melanoplus sanguinipes dominant; M. bivittatus and M. packardii locally damaging. (Knowlton). NEVADA - M. sanguinipes, fourth instar nymphs to adults, infested 1,000+ acres of 6 to 8-inch alfalfa in Diamond Valley, Eureka County. Counts not available but damage evident. (Ayers). CALIFORNIA - Moved from adjacent rangeland and damaged new vineyards in Shenandoah Valley, Amador County. (Cal. Coop. Rpt.). OREGON - Control programs for range- land grasshoppers, primarily Melanoplus spp., completed, Total of 826,848 acres treated in six-county northeastern area. (Goeden et al.). MORMON CRICKET (Anabrus simplex) - MONTANA - Averaged 10 per square yard in 40 to 80-acre area north of Ovando, Powell County. (Pratt, July 21). GYPSY MOTH (Porthetria dispar) - RHODE ISLAND - Pupation general. Adults statewide, many late pupae parasitized or diseased, deformed adults emerged in Washington County. (Relli et al.). JAPANESE BEETLE (Popillia japonica) - TENNESSEE - Adult taken in trap at truck stop in Wilson County July 21. This is first specimen taken in county and is considered to be an interception until evidence of infestation is found. (PP). VIRGINIA - Moder- ate on corn silks in Nottoway County; scarce in fields checked in Dinwiddie, Sussex, Prince George, Isle of Wight, Southampton, and Nansemond Counties. Continued spotty but generally lighter than past several years. (Allen). WEST VIRGINIA - Adults infested Sweet corn in Kanawha Valley area. Several patches with 100 percent infestations, 3-18 adults per ear. Silk destroyed on 10 percent of ears. (Cole, Hacker). MARYLAND - Above normal state- wide but remained light to moderate. Heaviest damage to date in Queen Annes, Wicomico, and Kent Counties where 100 acres of corn sprayed to protect silks. (U. Md., Ent. Dept.). PENNSYLVANIA - Large numbers taken in traps in Centre County. Total of 41,510 taken in one trap July 1-24 and 14,381 taken in 16 traps July 21-25. (Gesell, Adams). Adults abundant on wheat in Lycoming County July 17. (Weidner). RHODE ISLAND - Adults numerous in many areas of Kent, Providence, and Washington Counties July 14-17. Adults fed on deciduous nursery stock in certain areas of Providence County. (Relli, King). PINK BOLLWORM (Pectinophora gossypiella) - ARIZONA - Infested about 25 percent of bolls in cotton field at Aguila, Maricopa County; 300 acres surrounding this field showed 5-10 percent boll infestation. Highest infested boll counts found in Graham County cotton field; ranged 8-12 percent. Scattered infestations of second-generation larvae throughout Safford, Thatcher, and Pima area. Controls applied at Wellton and Roll Valley areas, Yuma County. (Ariz. Coop. Sur.). - 506 - WESTERN GRAPELEAF SKELETONIZER (Harrisina brillians) - CALIFORNIA - New infestations found in San Jose, Santa Clara County. Treatment made to hold known infested properties in check. Survey continued negative in Kings and Fresno Counties. Treatment scheduled. (Cal. Coop: Rpt.) . WHITEFRINGED BEETLES (Graphognathus spp.) - LOUISIANA - Adults collected July 27 in Vernon Parish by L.L. Sandoz determined as G. perigrinus by R.E. Warner. This is a new parish record. (PP). WOOLLY WHITEFLY (Aleurothrixus floccosus) - CALIFORNIA - Survey continued in San Diego, San Diego County. Adult activity increased, egg laying underway. (Cal. Coop. Rpt.). HAWAII INSECT REPORT Corn - CORN EARWORM (Heliothis zea) heavy in 0.25 acre of corn at Waimanalo, Oahu; about 85 percent of mature ears with one or more larvae. (Kumashiro, Otsuka). Turf_and Pasture - GRASS WEBWORM (Herpetogramma licarsisalis) larvae light on Hilo grass (Paspalum conjugatum) at Hilo, Hawaii; defoliation moderate to heavy and spotty, with up to 10 larvae per square foot. Pupae trace, less than one per square foot; adults moderate. Larvae moderate in Hilo grass lawn at Papaikou, defoliation moderate to heavy, spotty; up to 30 small larvae per square foot; pupae nil. (Matayoshi). General Vegetables - BEET ARMYWORM (Spodoptera exigua) larvae light in yard and community plantings of green onions at Kaumakani, Kauai. Larvae trace in one acre of same crop at Pearl City, Oahu; less than 5 percent of leaves infested. Egg clusters heavy, up to 7 clusters noted on single plant; mostly 1-2 per plant. Moderate number of adults of a hymenopteron observed Ovipositing on egg clusters. (Sugawa, Kawamura). Fruits and Nuts - MELON FLY (Dacus cucurbitae) heavy in yard planting of watermelon at Hilo, Hawaii; about 90 percent of fruits affected. (Matayoshi). General Pests - Nymphs and adults of a PLATASPID BUG (Coptosoma xanthogramma) heavy on terminals of 30 roadside coral (Erythrina sp.) trees at Kipahulu, Maui. Trace on various leguminous crops in community garden at Kaumakani, Kauai. (Ah Sam, Sugawa). Man and Animals - Total of 234 Aedes vexans nocturnus and 1,335 Culex pipiens quinquefasciatus taken in light traps operated on Oahu during June. A. vexans nocturnus ranged 0-46 per night at Kahaiuu. C. pipiens quinquefasciatus ranged 0-165 per night per trap at Kawailoa. (Mosq. Control Br., State Dept. of Health). Beneficial Insects - BRACONIDS (Opius phaseoli and O. importatus) heavily parasitized Melanagromyza phaseoli (bean fly) infesting cowpea and snap bean petioles on Kauai; parasitism ranged 67-100 (averaged 91) percent. M. phaseoli infesting cowpea petioles collected at Koloa Mill 20 percent parasitized by Halticoptera patellana (a pteromalid wasp). (Sugawa). = BUY = TRAP COLLECTIONS eo dod dod | | doa ony ona mann elie mo ony bt fe?) I N bY K Ke} jo) jo) ite) Y & N N N NX l j=) I ~ bt I © ! + AN & ee) p> N fe) N ce ea i N NAO + 1 Y ei 1oo N Nos GC INN ere AN or™ ONN ~ KAR ite) noo Qr i SNN ml NAY Nit by i~ oN NAN a Oo ol DS it Noo oth ANNO 11 Nun OANrF an YO oO NN oO ae NEN one eran YN oN oar “Nw ea onNT Sass ane at Na o~ NN P ort ei AY S&S ab ~“xnNs a8 HMO O yee & al Hi « Ba yehee oho A PrP YH o YPOxXD > nor SPs tr o A moO ° oam HWQO8 1) e384 Po Zeomr FEnNDQa HOE HO Si ists nnos xo ouo Sed a2eonk OF SO Ne Se oog MS ke as O30 NERS UVnAQH NOwWM NHS nA NDOOP HA QD Be 2935 duaS ESES BAUS aes 29 Bond AOR OU FMAHN ZwAsan O4F2N OHA ANE NA MONS FANS ic] Lal = = = = LIGHT - 508 LIGHT TRAP COLLECTIONS 1 ou lo} Xo} ico} vast @ ONN eo ~~ 0 fo>) bl Se?) bu Aw wo oA N ca Y et rin re coe} ~rNN sear) foe) N N efile) ~~ Y Xo} at ao ej ont ei a ore ~~ NOt at <0} for} vr o Co] isp) fea} st o>) a Lal wD Xe} Nw Cot se} oN Ww eo N loN N N ej | | do | | od odo | [aaeay{as) ann {aa} on Q omM mm ise) vo N oad (3) “~ ow cal > ox ON © H loite) Pst NAN wo N NX a NA an aA 2} 1st VAN oS & ! nol il 31 pm NO oo Nid bie) N iIlon YOrnn ~™ BONY Y eel Le SSS Neil N PRAY ate Lad ONNAN N fer) NEP bt ad ise) SS aril Od Y & aN is BNO 8 Hepp Bu ~xs Y Lal uN & 0 oO 4 a™ Orns a DW © a NG N oor 7 On =O Or & SS) USE aoiso Me ANxraA EG S £2 Zura aoua o w~asrd eaeorer aor Hrreo Y aone Hons ABSxAO a ° =) HHeag Ax n “0 HoH & NHoOE E+ op n ZA or mapPrPr ° Ne anu ° 2PrOon aroo mnP ° 2 al Be nNnass3 = 0 Oand no Herp SuRnaiN BoHOae OO oad ZSaR 5 PH os as U0O08 Osa SON HEF Bene Onn {aa} Abs =F SSAa= NHS je) x io & fo} & & 4 4 a o) (o) Ay n B Be > = Estimates of Damage by the European Corn Borer To Grain Corn in the United States in 1971 Compiled by the Economic Insect Survey and Detection Staff, PPQ, APHIS The loss to grain corn attributed to the European corn borer (Ostrinia nubilalis) in 1971 is estimated to be approximately 305,545,000 bushels in 15 corn-producing States. In these States the loss was 6.12 percent of the production. This loss is approximately 5.51 percent of the total national crop estimated at 5,540,253,000 bushels. 1/ The value of the loss, based on the season average prices recieved by farmers for corn 2/, is $319,777,000. These loss estimates are only for the States shown in Table 1, and are based on the counties or districts surveyed during the fall of 1971 within these States. 3/ Table 1 is a composite of State and Federal estimates. These estimates were pre- pared by using production data 1/, and prices received 2/, released by the Statistical Reporting Service. The basis for the loss eStimates was determined by the survey of European corn borer populations during the fall of 1971. 3/ The index of 3 percent loss per borer per plant was used to compute the loss in bushels. Estimated losses to grain corn for the past 20 years in States where the fall abundance survey was conducted are as follows: 1971 305,545,000 Bushels $319,777, 000 1970 195,885,000 " 250,178,000 1969 163,501,000 " 182,509,000 1968 154,554,000 " 161,287,000 1967 59,661,000 " 63,837,000 1966 121,236,000 " 155,876,000 1965 54,318,100 " 59,374,160 1964 87,116,000 " 97,478,000 1963 120,647,000 " 127,838,000 1962 88,245,000 " 93,695,000 1961 65,044,000 " 68,998,000 1960 102,991,000 " 96,085,000 1959 67,763,000 " 71,979,000 1958 100,699,000 " 98,434,000 1957 180,897,000 " 158,841,000 1956 97,971,000 " 119,535,000 1955 155,355,000 " 182,579,000 1954 191,614,000 " 261,415,000 1953 90,000,000 " 125,466,000 1952 53,270,000 " 77,205,000 1/ Crop Production, 1971 Annual Summary by States, Crop Reporting Board, Statistical Reporting Service, USDA; January 14, 1972. 2/ Crop Values, Season Average Prices Received by Farmers and Value of Pro- duction 1970 and 1971 - by States, Crop Reporting Board, Statistical Reporting Service, USDA, January 14, 1972. 3/ Cooperative Economic Insect Report 22(5):22-28, 1972. - 910 = 1/ Cooperative Economic Insect Report 22(5):22-28, 1972. Table 1. Estimates of Damage by the European Corn Borer to Corn Grown for Grain in the United States in 1971 Estimated Data : Total ‘Value Value { : Districts State : per of : State Included 1/:Production :Bushel Production: Loss of Crop / Number 1,000 Bu. Dollars $1,000 1,000 Bu. $1,000 Delaware 1 10,800 1.18 12,744 1,299 1,533 Illinois 9 1,042,950 1.06 1,105,527 38,712 41,035 Indiana 12 534,373 1.01 539,717 17,619 17,796 _ Towa 12 1,180,140 1.03 1,215,544 138,861 143,026 : Kansas 6 120,612 iL IL 133 ,879 1,489 1,653 Deen tucky il 94,402 1.09 102,898 70 76 | Maryland 3 36,000 Woe 42,120 1,022 1,196 | Michigan 5 115,600 1.00 115,600 3,688 3,688 : Minnesota 7 475,175 0.98 465,672 17,944 17,585 : Missouri 8 272,096 1.09 296,585 11,761 12,820 Nebraska 5 455 , 260 1.10 500,786 52,297 57,527 “North Dakota 1 9,976 Toi 10,976 364 368 Ohio 5 313,814 1.04 326 , 367 7 , LD 7,487 South Dakota 6 123 ,234 1.04 128,163 9,794 10,186 Wisconsin 9 203 ,603 Io dal 225,999 3,425 3,802 Totals 4,988,035 5,221,677 305,545 319,777 U.S. Dept. Agr. Coop. Econ. Ins. Rpt. 22(31) :510=511, 1972 Seco ad KHAPRA BEETLE (Trogoderma granarium Everts) Selected References 1970 Copies of this bibliography are available from Economic Insect Survey and Detection Staff. Agarwal, H. C. 1970. Sterol requirements of beetle Trogoderma. J. Insect Physiol. 16(10) :2023-2026. name Rin. Stanic, V., Cohen, E., and Shulov, A. 1970. The function) of fatty acids in the diapause of the khapra beetle Trogo- derma granarium Everts. Compar. Biochem. Physiol. 37(12): 205-214. Levinson, H. Z. and Bar Ilan, A. R. 1970. Behavior of khapra beetle Trogoderma eranarium towards assembling scent released by female. Experientia 26(8) :846-847. Levinson, H. Z. and Bar Ilan, A. R. 1970. Lack of an intraspecs-tumn attractant in male Trogoderma granarium. Riv. di Parassitol. 3 (1 10=72.. | Levinson, H. Z. and Bar Ivan, Al oR. 1970. Olfactory and wtachane behaviour of the khapra beetle, Trogoderma granarium, with Special reference to its assembling scent. J. Insect Physiol. | 16(4) :561-572. Punj, G. K. 1970. Effect of nutrition on susceptibility of larvae of Trogoderma granarium Everts (Coleoptera, Dermestidae) to certain fumigants. J. Stored Prod. Res. 6(2):181-185. Punj, G. K. and Verma, A. N. 1970. Susceptibility to certain fumigants of male and female pupae of Trogoderma granarium Everts (Coleoptera, Dermestidae). J. Stored Prod. Res. 6(3): 263-267. Sadiq, H. and Matloob, H. 1970. Effect of vacuum on stored-grain insect pest (Trogoderma khapra Arr.) infesting wheat. Agr. Pakistan 21(1):33-36. pehgal, S. S.,; Agarwal, H: C., and Pilllal, Mi K. Ko 1970 esteni— lizing effect of a dietary surplus of biotin in Trogoderma granarium Everts. Cur. Sci. 39(24):551-552. Stanic, V., Zlotkin, E., and Shulov, A. 1970. Localization of pheromone excretion in the female of Trogoderma granarium (Dermestidae). Ent. Expt. et Appl. 13(3):342-351. Vick, K. W., Burkholder, W. E., and Gorman, J. E. 1970. Inter- Specific response to sex pheromones of Trogoderma species (Coleoptera: Dermestidae). Ent. Soc. Amer. Ann. 63(2):379- 381. - 512 - -Yinon, U. 1970. Electrophysiological responses to light in com- pound eyes of some stored-product insects. Ent. Expt. et Appl. 13(3):359-361. ‘Yinon, U. and Shulov, A. 1970. The dispersion of Trogoderma | granarium in a temperature gradient and comparison with other Stored product beetles. Ent. Expt. et Appl. 13(1): 107-121. Ger. Sun. | U.S. Dept. Agr. |Prepared by Economic Insect Coop. Econ. Ins. Rpt. Survey and Detection Staff 22(31) :512-513, 1972 - 513 - WEATHER OF THE WEEK ENDING JULY 31 Reprinted from Weekly Weather and Crop Bulletin supplied by Environmental Data Service, NOAA. PRECIPITATION: Early in the week a front meandered from Utah across the central Rocky Mountains, the central Great Plains, the Ohio River Valley, and the Appalachians to southern New England. Waves developed along the front. Some of the waves became Lows which produced showers and thunderstorms. Other thunderstorms were scattered randomly over the West and the South. Showers at Tucson, Arizona, left 0.62 inch of rain late Monday July 24. This is approximately the weekly normal for Tucson. Vigorous thunderstorms caused torrential downpours in South Dakota and Nebraska late Tuesday and early Wednesday. Up to about 7.50 inches of rain drenched a small area south of Aberdeen, South Dakota, in 3 hours Wednesday forenoon. Three to 5 inches caused local flash flooding in southeastern Nebraska also Wednesday forenoon. Parts of Hastings, Nebraska, were under 2 to 3 feet of water and streets and highways at Pleasanton, Nebraska, were flooded. Pierce, Nebraska, was swamped by 3.50 inches of rain in a 2-hour period. By Thursday the front extended from Utah to the Virginia coast. Most of the thunderstorm activity occurred along the front and in sultry air that covered the Deep South. Up to 6 inches caused flash flooding in central Minnesota. A predawn thunderstorm swept through Russell, Kansas, Friday, producing wind gusts exceeding 50 m.p.h. and an inch of rain. Three inches of rain in western Tennessee swelled creeks and small rivers to overflowing. Fair weather prevailed over most of the area north of the front. Weekly totals ranged widely over the East. Little rain fell west of the Rocky Mountains. California, Oregon, parts of nearby States, and much of Texas received no rain. | TEMPERATURE: A cold front brought relief to the Northeast early in the week after almost 2 weeks of humid, 90-degree weather. Rochester, New York, registered 88 degrees Monday afternoon but only 72 degrees Wednesday. Sultry weather continued over the Southeast. Bowling Green, Kentucky, recorded 96 degrees Wednesday afternoon. The Far Southwest remained hot. Needles and Thermal, California, registered 113 degrees and 112 degrees respectively Wednesday afternoon. A warming trend occurred over the western Great Plains. The temperature reached 90 degrees at Havre, Montana, 96 degrees at Worland, Wyoming, and 97 degrees at Russell, Kansas, Wednesday afternoon. Hot, summer weather also prevailed over the central Great Plains with temperatures in the 90's over most of Kansas and Missouri and reaching 100 degrees in Oklahoma and spots in Arkansas. Cool temperatures were the rule from eastern North Dakota to northern New England. Afternoon temperatures in that area were mostly in the 60's and 70's. After midweek, the front became stationary from Utah to the middle Atlantic coast. The Southeast continued hot but the North was comfortably cool. Weekly mean temperatures from the central Great Plains to the Great Lakes were mostly 3 to 8 degrees cooler than normal. The South and Far West averaged slightly warmer than normal. - 514 - U.S. DEPARTMENT OF AGRICULTURE HYATTSVILLE, MARYLAND 20782 POSTAGE AND FEES PAID OFFICIAL BUSINESS U.S. DEPARTMENT OF PENALTY FOR PRIVATE USE, $300 AGRICULTURE AGR 101 0004 SMINLISMIA122 33017 0001 SMITHSONTAN INSTITUTION LIBR=- ARTES SMITHSONTAN INST WASHINGTON DC 20560 aE RE ae ae ee : Op VOL. 22 No.32 $222 August 11, 1972 ay Cooperative Economic Insect Report : Issued by PLANT PROTECTION AND QUARANTINE PROGRAMS _ ANIMAL AND PLANT HEALTH INSPECTION SERVICE _U.S.DEPARTMENT OF AGRICULTURE ANIMAL AND PLANT HEALTH iNSPECTION SERVICE PLANT PROTECTION AND QUARANTINE PROGRAMS ECONOMIC INSECT SURVEY AND DETECTION STAFF The Cooperative Economic Insect Report is issued | weekly as a service to American Agriculture. Its contents are compiled from information supplied by cooperating State, Federal, and industrial entomologists and other agricultural workers. In releasing this material the Service serves as a clearing house and does not assume responsibility for ac- curacy of the material. All reports and inquiries pertaining to this release, including the mailing List, should be sent to; CEIR Economic Insect Survey and Detection Plant Protection and Quarantine Programs Animal and Plant Health Inspection Service United States Department of Agriculture Federal Center Building Hyattsville, Maryland 20782 Volume 22 August 11, 1972 Number 32 COOPERATIVE ECONOMIC INSECT REPORT HIGHLIGHTS Current Conditions ARMYWORM damaged Bermuda grass in Alabama, Tennessee, and Arkansas; heavy on corn and oats in northeast Wisconsin, corn and small grain in Michigan. CORN LEAF APHID moderate to heavy on sorghum in southwest Oklahoma, heavy on corn in Several Eastern States. GREENBUG infestations reduced by parasites and predators in many areas of central U.S.; greenbug still economic in some areas. POTATO LEAFHOPPER heavy on alfalfa in Maryland, economic on hay throughout northern Ohio. (pp. 517-518). PEA APHID heavy on alfalfa in east-central Idaho. (p. 521). VARIEGATED CUTWORM outbreak reported on commercial potatoes in eastern Wisconsin; damaged sugar beets in Michigan, tobacco in North Carolina. (p. 523). EUROPEAN RED MITE increase explosive in southern and central Ohio orchards. TWOSPOTTED SPIDER MITE heavy on apples and pears on Western Slope in Colorado. (p. 525). MOUNTAIN PINE BEETLE heavy in ponderosa pine on Roosevelt National Forest in Colorado. (p. 526). GRASSHOPPERS serious on eastern rangeland areas of Washington, and on dryland alfalfa hay and rangeland grasses in panhandle area of Idaho. (p. 529). Detection An ICHNEUMON WASP reported for first time in Ohio. (p. 528). For new county records see page 534. Reports in this issue are for week ending August 4 unless other- wise indicated. - 515 - CONTENTS if Special Insects of Regional Sienaficances..+ see) ewe soe Cg Insects Affecting Corn, Sorghum, Sugarcane....519 Miscellaneous Field Crops. .523), Turf, Pastures, Rangeland...520 Potatoes, Tomatoes, Horace! he SUM Svensweneveneuemenoueuene cee 921 Peppers’ .23.. ae oo. O2oR Soybeans\.( 2... + es ess ae Oboe ans. andi Peace a oe ee 024g Pau Sit go Seates roast tuene es tedenes tetera 521 General Vegetables......... 524. COME OM are ro 1:2 Varela s cleo ctelie mean serene 522 Deciduous Fruits and Nuts. .525. MODACE Ors uietersee wis ta ore tone: ore ede 523 “CLUS. 5.55.06 one eee 2 oon Orel SUPA BOCES wouer crapware eae wore caer 523 Forest and Shade Trees..... 526) Man and Animals.......... -.027 Beneficial, Insects. ,taseusit. tenet 300.21 2180. 2 o2€ Federal and State Plant Protection Programs.................... o2¢! Hawaii ,Insect Reporte. .01i.. Fa05. 40. PaeeL. . See ee ee 531 CORLEETIONS 55% oc. Sia. wae Jaded. oo. ied: 200) Lr 531) Light rap yCoLlect ions soo 60 ea RO we LER CRS IS NCHG 532 DeteCtiONn ssn tinwe. Hoe ode es oes CLL e, AY Soy, eee 534; WEATHER OF THE WEEK ENDING AUGUST 7 Reprinted from Weekly Weather and Crop Bulletin Supplied by Environmental Data Service, NOAA. Great Lakes to the central Great Plains, thence northwestward to British Columbia. It produced some heavy thunderstorms in the central Great Plains. One thunderstorm uprooted trees and damaged farm buildings in the Lost Nation, Iowa, vicinity about 35 miles north-northwest of Davenport. Heavy rains, in some places exceedin 4 inches, swelled streams and rivers in parts of Nebraska, Iowa, and Wisconsin to near bankfull and some places a foot or so above., Afternoon and evening thundershowers continued through midweek. | Flash flooding occurred in the Dubuque, Iowa, area early Wednesday) Waters reached waist deep in homes near Little Maquoketa River ( north of Dubuque. Colorado and Montana were lashed by heavy thunderstorms accompanied by hail and high winds. Wednesday, just before midnight, severe thunderstorms Swept through Kansas City, Missouri. Heavy thunderstorms late Thursday flooded streets in Carbondale and Murphysboro, Illinois. Carbondale received Bg 0) inches in 1 hour. Many localities in southern Illinois were drenched by heavy rains in the 24 hours ending noon Friday. Five inches of rain fell in 4 hours at Morehead, Kentucky, in eastern © Iowa, and northwestern Illinois Saturday night. Vigorous thunder- | storms continued over the central part of the Nation Saturday and | Sunday. Hail as large as golf balls fell in the Sioux Falls, South) Dakota, vicinity early Sunday and in the afternoon hail as large as walnuts fell at Sheffield, Illinois. A tornado twisted off tops: of trees on the outskirts of Moline, Illinois. Weather of the week | continued on page 534. - 516 - PECIAL INSECTS OF REGIONAL SIGNIFICANCE \RMYWORM (Pseudaletia unipuncta) - ALABAMA - Damaged several ‘rain sorghum fields in Geneva County. Increased number of Infestations on Coastal Bermuda grass reported in Houston, $lount, Crenshaw, Cullman, Geneva, Covington, and Lee Counties. larvae destroyed 4-acre field of Coastal Bermuda grass in Cullman Sounty. (Roney et al.). TENNESSEE - Destroyed 4-acre field of Joastal Bermuda grass in Fayette County. (Locke). ARKANSAS - feavily damaged Coastal Bermuda grass in Jefferson County; treated July 23. (Wall). NEBRASKA - Occasional larvae noted in corn ear tips in fields with heavy growth of grassy weeds in Dundy County. [Keith, O'Dea, July 27). Moths decreased at light traps at Aurora, Yoncord, Plymouth, and Lincoln. (Berogan). WISCONSIN - Larvae heavy on corn and oats in northeastern counties. In Door County, 90 percent of corn plants infested in one field; larvae ranged -8 per square foot in one field of oats. Heavy in Oconto County rornfield. Damage severe to corn in Marinette County. (Wis. Ins. NICHIGAN - P. unipuncta severely damaged corn and small grains in bout 4,000 acres in Menominee and Delta Counties and in scattered fields in Chinpewa and Luce County. Reports of 27 larvae per stalk oted in severely infested area. (Bowers et al.). MAINE - Reported from all parts of State, primarily from south-central and central ireas. Ranged up to 10 per square foot in grass next to corn; lecreased to zero 20 feet into corn except in spots. (Gall). ! CORN EARWORM (Heliothis zea) - NEW JERSEY - Moths increased in dlacklight traps; 3-day spray schedule needed on sweet corn in nost central and southern counties. (Ins.-Dis. Newsltr.). VIRGINIA - Moth collections very light in blacklight traps in \ccomack and Northampton Counties; only 2 taken this period. \Hofmaster). KENTUCKY - Damaged whorls of late corn in Green and Pulaski Counties. (Barnett, Gregory). KANSAS - Percent infested ears in one field per county: Harper 100, Kingman 100, Sedgwick pO, Harvey 40, Pawnee 10, Pratt 10, Stafford 80-90 in 2 fields. Eo): OKLAHOMA - Ranged 1-2 per head in grain sorghum field thecked in Marshall County. (Okla. Coop. Sur.). ARIZONA - \veraged one larva per corn ear in Aztec area of Yuma County. mraz. Coop. Sur.). SoRN LEAF APHID (Rhopalosiphum maidis) - MONTANA - Ranged up to several hundred per plant on late-planted barley in Roosevelt and Richland Counties week ending July 28. (Pratt). NEBRASKA - Counts fenced 3-4 colonies of 25-30 aphids in 50-100 percent of plants in 15 Scotts Bluff County cornfields. (Hagen). OKLAHOMA - Sontinued moderate to heavy on sorghum in southwest area. (Okla. Coop. Sur.). WISCONSIN - Heavy in some corn; present on silks in some heavily infested fields. More than 500 per plant found on 90 bercent of plants in sweet corn planting in northern Dane County. (Wis. Ins. Sur.). INDIANA - Infested 23-36 percent of corn grown for grain in 5 of six northern districts. Of these, 1.5-4.3 per- cent severely infested (500+ aphids per stalk). Corn ranged from nidwhorl stage to silks turning brown; mostly green silk. (Meyer). i VIRGINIA - Heavy populations of R. maidis in many fields of field corn in Nottoway, Nansemond, Isle of Wight, Sussex, Dinwiddie, Prince George, and Southampton Counties declined due to crop maturity, and parasites and predators. (Allen). MARYLAND - Sudden buildups required treatment of over 500 acres of field corn on Eastern Shore. (U. Md., Ent. Dept.). DELAWARE - Heavy in some - 517 - Rs large fields of field corn in Sussex County. (Burbutis, Kelsey). NEW YORK - Heavy in some sweet corn in Hudson Valley. (N.Y. Wkly. © Rpt., July 28). MAINE - Generally absent in late corn. Ranged up ~ to 300 per plant in 2 fields in tassel stage. (Gall). GREENBUG (Schizaphis graminum) - IDAHO - Honeydew heavy in 20 acres of wheat at Lorinzo, Jefferson County. Grain in soft dough stage. Infestation limited to leaves, no treatment anticipated. : (Gooch). NORTH DAKOTA - Infestation of 3,000 aphids per 100 sweeps” in untreated wheat field in Ransom County collapsed to 20 per 100 sweeps. Lady beetle adults and larvae averaged 300 per 100 sweeps. (Brandvik). NEBRASKA - Declined below economic levels due to increased parasitism and hard, driving rains in southeast, east, central, south, and southwest districts. (Roselle et al.). Some i economic infestations still reported from Custer County. (Staples © et al.). KANSAS - Some economic infestations and treatment of sorghum reported in some southwest counties. Lysiphlebus testaceipes (a braconid) exerting some control in area. Surveys in west-central and northwest districts revealed significant infestations and light parasitic wasp activity in one Rawlins County field and one Thomas County field. S. graminum averaged less than 50 per plant in other fields checked. Averaged less than 50 per sorghum plant in 3 fields checked in each of Cheyenne, Sherman, Greeley, Wichita, Wallace, Logan, Gove, and Lane Counties. S. graminum generally light and decreased due to parasitism by L. testaceipes in Ellis, Rush, and Barton Counties. S. graminum very light and decreased in 10 south-central counties; averaged less than 25 per sorghum plant in these counties. (Bell). OKLAHOMA - S. graminum light to heavy in sorghum in Marshall County. Continued light in Cimarron County. (Okla. Coop. Sur.). TEXAS - Light in grain sorghum in Wilbarger County in Rolling Plains; light to moderate in Tom Green County. Moderate in Knox and Jones Counties. Heavy in Motley County with much damage to 2 lower leaves noted; some producers applied controls. (Boring). Activity in grain sorghum should peak next 7 days in South Plains. Increased activity by parasitic wasps noted throughout area. On High Plains, greenbug present in most counties surrounding Potter County. (Boring et al.). ARKANSAS - Increased slightly in north- west area; however, predators and parasites holding infestations below economic level. (Boyer). IOWA - Light on 5-foot forage sorghum in Jasper County; less than 20 per plant. Damage potential ight.) Clowa ins: “Suze)e POTATO LEAFHOPPER (Empoasca fabae) - MARYLAND - Adults and nymphs ranged 10-40 per sweep on Several hundred acres of alfalfa in Howard and Carroll Counties. Yellowing noticeable at several locations statewide. (U. Md., Ent. Dept.). NORTH CAROLINA - Damage to peanuts heavier in Gates County area than previous years. Yellowing occurred in fields with light sandy soils. Lighter than usual for time of year in other peanut-growing areas. (Campbell). OHIO - Adults and nymphs at economic levels in hay throughout northern half of State. Counts in 2-3 fields by county: In alfalfa - Henry 1.5 per sweep, Hancock 2 per sweep, Williams 3.5 per Sweep, Huron 2 per sweep. In mixed clover and timothy - Ashland 2 per sweep, Crawford 1 per sweep, Preble 42 per 50 sweeps. (Fox). WISCONSIN - Counts continued erratic:in alfalfa; ranged 30-40 per sweep in some fields, 3-4 per sweep in other fields. Counts high in soybeans, but may be due to stage of growth of plants at time of migration. (Wis. Ins. Sur.). - 518 - POTTED ALFALFA APHID (Therioaphis maculata) -— NEVADA - Controls applied on seed alfalfa in Dixie Valley of Churchill and Pershing counties gave good control on 900 acres reported infested in CEIR 22(31):495. (Stitt). Ranged 10-15 per sweep on 500-600 acres of alfalfa hay near Battle Mountain, Lander County. Infestations eavier but appear on decline. (Marvel, Rowe). Infested 2,000 acres f seed alfalfa in Reese River, Lander County. Degree of infesta- tion not reported but controls applied. (Hepworth, Stitt). MISSOURI - Ranged 2-18 per sweep in southwest area forage. Most sounts very low. (Munson). ARKANSAS - Increased slightly in north- vest area; ranged 200-300 per 100 sweeps. (Boyer). TOBACCO (Heliothis virescens) - VIRGINIA - Larvae light on tobacco in Appomattox County. (Eagan). ORN, SORGHUM, SUGARCANE CORN ROOTWORMS (Diabrotica spp.) - NEW YORK - D. longicornis (northern corn rootworm) adults emerged. Teneral adults observed n field corn at Mandana, Onondaga County, July 28. Late sweet corn near field corn should be protected as first silks emerge to void silk destruction and pollination problems. (N.Y. Wkly. Rpt.). NEW JERSEY - First D. longicornis adults noted in Salem County uly 21. Adults totaled 25 per 60 ears in field near Stewartsville July 28. Pupae easily found in soil near stalk bases, adults umerous on silks in Hunterdon and Warren Counties August 2. (Ins.-Dis. Newsltr.). MICHIGAN - D. virgifera (western corn root- worm) adults collected in Eckford Township, Calhoun County, July 24, by D.R. Rowe. Also noted in nearby fields. This is a new county record. (Sauer). INDIANA - D. virgifera adults taken near enton, Elkart County, and North Liberty, St. Joseph County. These re new county records. Also taken from Kosciusko County field nown infested in 1970, but not reported in 1971. (Meyer). ILLINOIS - D. virgifera collected from field corn 8 miles north of Litchfield, Montgomery County, July 28 by T. Cooley. This is a new Bounty record. (111. Ins. Rpt.). MISSOURI - D. virgifera ranged 0.5-3.5 adults per plant in some irrigated cornfields in Lincoln County. Collected by G.W. Thomas. This is a new county record. (Munson). NEBRASKA - Diabrotica spp. populations generally heavier statewide; some scattered light to moderate lodging reported. (Roselle et al.). One Platte County field had 30-40 percent lodging with severe damage to brace roots. (Kantor). Beetle emergence generally light in Dundy County; ranged 0-6 per plant in 8 fields. (Keith, O'Dea, July 27). UTAH - D. virgifera damaged field and sweet corn in Box Elder, Cache, Davis, Weber , and Morgan Counties. Some lodging at time of irrigation or due to wind where infestation heavy. Adults ranged up to 20 per cornstalk at some locations. Spread has been rapid since first ‘reported in State in 1970. Box Elder, Cache, Davis, and Morgan ‘are new county records. (Roberts, Knowlton). Heavy in Box Elder County. (Lindsay). EUROPEAN CORN BORER (Ostrinia nubilalis) - MAINE - Continued very Might; infestation less than one percent. Second-generation larvae ‘found in 2 cornfields in southern area. (Gall). NEW YORK - Second- generation moths appeared in blacklight trap at Geneva, Ontario County, July 15; none collected July 21-28, but pupae heavy in area. Peak adult activity should occur in area about August 12. yON.Y. Wkly. Rpt.). DELAWARE - Adults still increasing in blacklight - 519 - traps in Sussex County; averaged 31 per night in 5 traps. Egg masses increased on corn and peppers in most areas. (Burbutis, Kelsey). OHIO - Second-generation moths taken in blacklight traps August 1; this is 7 days later than in 1971. Peak moth activity should occur about August 21-30. (Rings). IOWA - Larvae infesting 12-24 percent of plants in Story County fields; 6-12 forms per 100 plants. Adult flight light. Second brood potential light. (Iowa LNGice SUIS wR MINNESOTA - First generation Ostrinia nubilalis pupation under-— --_ way. Few early moths taken in blacklight traps. Larval develop- ment indicates second-generation will peak in about 14 days. Moth emergence and egg laying may extend for several weeks. Second- generation population should be low this year. (Minn. Pest Rpt.). SOUTH DAKOTA - Averaged 3.8 per stalk in cornfield northwest of Mitchell, Davison County. Field treated with insecticide not recommended for aerial spraying for borer control. Most larvae in last instar; some pupation noted. (Kantack). NEBRASKA - Second- brood moth emergence increased at Plymouth and Clay Center, but very light at Lincoln, Aurora, North Platte, and Concord. (Berogan et ad.) WESTERN BEAN CUTWORM (Loxagrotis albicosta) - NEBRASKA - Two early planted cornfields in Dundy County had 0-5 percent of ear tips infested with second to third instar larvae. In 6 late-planted fields, egg masses ranged 0-2 and second instar, feeding on tassels} plants; most larvae first and second instar, feeding on tassels. Controls suggested for 2 of these fields. (Keith, O'Dea, July 27). CONCHUELA (Chlorochroa ligata) - TEXAS - Caused some damage to late grain sorghum in south-central counties. Some damage reported to grain sorghum in Rolling Plains in Runnels, Knox, Tom Green, Jones, Haskell, and Fisher Counties. Controls applied when infesta-. tions averaged 2+ per head of sorghum in milk, soft dough, or dough} stages. Conchuela appeared in grain sorghum in several South Plains counties near Lubbock County. (Cole et al.). | SORGHUM MIDGE (Contarinia sorghicola) - TEXAS - Infestations continued to be reported throughout State. Heavy in late sorghum in south-central area. Also heavy in late-planted sorghum in north-, central area about Denton County. Reported as far north as Baylor | and Knox Counties in Rolling Plains. (Cole et al.). MISSISSIPPI - | Averaged 5 midges per head in grain sorghum field in Oktibbeha | County. (Ross). BANKS GRASS MITE (Oligonychus pratensis) - TEXAS - Infested grain sorghum in Sherman, Castro, Parmer, Swisher, Oldham, and Deaf Smith Counties in Panhandle; no damaging populations reported to date. Activity moderate to heavy on grain sorghum in El Paso County. (Clymer, Neeb). NEBRASKA - Small colonies observed in 15 cornfields surveyed in Scotts Bluff County. Held in check by cool, wet conditions, but expected to increase if weather becomes dry. (Hagen). TURF, PASTURES, RANGELAND BLUEGRASS BILLBUG (Sphenophorus parvulus) - IDAHO - Infested lawns in Twin Falls, Twin Falls County, and in Payette, Payette County. Infestations apparently spreading. (Youtz, Gardner). - 920 - WHITE GRUBS (Phyllophaga spp.) - NORTH DAKOTA - Damaged scattered a in 1,300-acre rangeland area in Richland County. (Brandvik). FALL ARMYWORM (Spodoptera frugiperda) - MISSISSIPPI - Continued eavy in 100 acres of millet and hybrid pastures in Leake County. (Robinson). FORAGE LEGUMES PEA APHID (Acyrthosiphon pisum) - IDAHO - Heavy in 60,000 acres of alfalfa in Jefferson County. Honeydew becoming problem in many fields. Predators very light. (Gooch). In 25 sweeps of untreated second-crop alfalfa hay at Kimberly, Twin Falls County, 693 aphids collected; 8,010 collected in plots treated for alfalfa weevil. Treatment had been made to first-growth alfalfa July 21. (Carpenter). LYGUS BUGS (Lygus spp.) -— ARIZONA - Continued heavy in alfalfa in Yuma County. (Ariz. Coop. Sur.). PEA LEAF WEEVIL (Sitona lineatus) - IDAHO - Severly damaged spring planted white clover in peas in Nez Perce County. Treatment of Iclover after pea harvest essential to maintain clover stand for 973 seed production. (Storey, July 26). ALFALFA WEEVIL (Hypera postica) - IDAHO - Larval counts per 25 weeps, 50 in untreated second-crop alfalfa and 2 in treated plots at Kimberly, Twin Falls County. Treatments had been made to first- zrowth alfalfa hay July 21. (Carpenter). GRASSHOPPERS —- WISCONSIN - Hatch incomplete in forage fields; hymphal stages prolonged. Few Melanoplus femurrubrum adults appeared in some sandier soiled areas. Melanoplus differentialis comprised 50+ percent of population in many southeast area fields. Grasshoppers ranged 1-20 (averaged 7) per sweep in La Crosse and Vernon County area. Averaged 9 per sweep in Jefferson County except for 25 per sweep in northwest part of county. Counts ranged 10-40 per sweep in Racine, Kenosha, Waukesha, and eastern Walworth Counties. (Wis. Ins. Sur.). SOYBEANS MEXICAN BEAN BEETLE (Epilachna varivestis) - MARYLAND - New first- veneration adults laying eggs on soybeans in Wicomico County. Treatments made on several Eastern Shore fields with 25+ percent Jamage. (U. Md., Ent. Dept.). FALL ARMYWORM (Spodoptera frugiperda) - GEORGIA - This and S. exigua (beet armyworm) light to heavy on soybeans in Crisp and Sumter Counties. (Garner et al.). A JAPANESE WEEVIL (Calomycterus setarius) - IOWA - Collected on Soybeans in Chickasaw County July 20 and in Winneshiek County August 2. These are new county records. (Iowa Ins. Sur.). ‘PEANUTS LESSER CORNSTALK BORER (Elasmopalpus lignosellus) - TEXAS - Increased on peanuts throughout Blacklands area near Stephenville, Erath County. Top soil in area dry, conditions favorable for ‘increase. Percent infestation as follows: Morgan 5, DeLeon (east) 30-35, DeLeon (west) 51, Gorman (north) 70, Eastland County 5-25, cor Cross Plains 1-30, Dublin 5-30, Tarleton Experiment Station 4. None detected in peanuts surveyed in Fannin County. (Hoelscher , Turney). GRANULATE CUTWORM (Feltia subterranea) - GEORGIA - Ranged very light to heavy across peanut belt. (French). COTTON BOLLWORMS (Heliothis spp.) - TENNESSEE - Continued below control levels over western area. (Locke). GEORGIA - Counts per 100 terminals by county: Crisp, 3-121 eggs, 0-8 larvae; Wilcox, 29-155) eggs, 6-13 larvae. (Nix, Hudson). MISSISSIPPI - Damaged squares and bolls increased due to recent moth flight; however, most fields under control. Percent infestation by section: Delta 2, J hill 3, southern 5. (Robinson). LOUISIANA - Larvae and damage at | low levels in Grant, Catahoula, and Tensas Parishes. Small larvae found in few fields in Cheneyville area. Eggs being laid on squares, blooms, and throughout plants. (Tynes, Aug. 1). Damaged squares found in 45 of 48 plots in Madison Parish; infestation ranged 1-10 (averaged 3.2) percent in 44 plots. Damaged squares found in 6 of 11 fields checked; ranged 1-10 (averaged 3.1) per- cent in infested fields. In Tensas Parish, damaged squares ranged 1-2 (averaged 1.5) percent in 4 of 6 fields checked. (Cleveland et al.). OKLAHOMA - Percent damaged squares by H. zea ranged 1-6 percent in Muskogee County, 1-7 in Wagoner County, and 0-4 in southwest and west-central areas. Averaged 15 percent in Marshall County. Larvae per 100 terminals ranged O-5 in southwest area, 0-12 in Bryan County. High numbers of beneficial insects keeping bollworms very light in Grady County. (Okla. Coop. Sur.). BOLL WEEVIL (Anthonomus grandis) - TENNESSEE - Square counts ranged 1-57 percent in older cotton in western area. Some short distance migration occurred. Second-generation weevils should emerge about August 10. Conditions favorable for weevil buildup. (Locke). GEORGIA - Percent punctured squares ranged 1-4 in Wilcox County, 2-13 in Crisp County. (Hudson, Nix). ALABAMA - Still heavy, 10-70 percent square infestation, throughout south and central areas. Infestations in proportion to controls. In many fields in northern area, including mountain area, square damage ranged 10-60 percent. Controls applied in extreme northern area, including mountain and Tennessee Valley areas. Weather favorable; infestations heavier than for several years. (McQueen). MISSISSIPPI - Punctured squares generally unchanged over State, but increased in few areas. Average percent punctured squares by section: Delta 3, Hill 10, southern 5. (Robinson). LOUISIANA - A. grandis damaged square counts increased sharply; will continue to increase. (Tynes, Aug. 1). In Madison Parish, percent punctured squares ranged 1-14 (averaged 5) percent in 44 of 48 plots; ranged 2-9 (averaged 9.3) in 11 fields examined. In Tensas Parish, percent punctured squares averaged 1 in one field and 4 in 1 field of 2 field checked that had received diapause control treatment in fall of 1971. Infestations ranged 1-10 (averaged 5) in 4 untreated fields. (Cleveland et al.). OKLAHOMA - Infestation ranged 0-12 percent in Kiowa, Jackson, Harmon, Greer, and Tillman Counties. Second-generation adult emergence low. Infestation ranged up to 24 percent in Washita and Caddo Counties, 25-30 percent in Grady County, 2-10 percent in Muskogee County, 4-40 percent in Wagoner County, 2-34 percent in Bryan County, averaged 10 percent in Marshall County. (Okla. Coop. Sur.). - 522 - TWOSPOTTED SPIDER MITE (Tetranychus urticae) - MISSISSIPPI - Infestations increased in scattered areas of delta area. Infestations reported from Madison, Sunflower and Sharkey Counties. (Robinson). TOBACCO GREEN PEACH APHID (Myzus persicae) - MARYLAND - Economic infesta- tions appearing on more advanced untreated tobacco in Charles and St. Marys Counties. (U. Md., Ent. Dept.). TOBACCO FLEA BEETLE (Epitrix hirtipennis) - VIRGINIA - Adults increased on tobacco in Appomattox County; ranged 1-2 per plant. (Eagan). VARIEGATED CUTWORM (Peridroma saucia) - NORTH CAROLINA - Damaged at least 2 tobacco fields in Wake County; up to 10 larvae per square foot under trash on the ground. In Wilson County, spots with 2-5 larvae per plant noted in 8 of 10 fields surveyed. Damage confined to lower half of stalk. (Lynn). SUGAR BEETS VARIEGATED CUfFWORM (Peridroma saucia) - MICHIGAN - Damaged sugar- beets in Arenac, Bay, and Tuscola Counties and scattered fields in Saginaw County. Appearance of larvae unusual this time of season; growers urged to check for possible second generation. (Ruppel). MISCELLANEOUS FIELD CROPS SUNFLOWER BLOSSOM MIDGE (Contarinia schulzi) - MINNESOTA - Surveys in Red River Valley indicate damage not aS serious as first believed; damage much less than in 1971. Very little loss of flowers at present; only in field margins where losses averaged 10 percent or less in first 10-15 rows. Larvae maturing and dropping off earlier plantings. Infestations on late sunflower plantings still found but all light and should remain so. (Minn. Pest Rpt.). SUNFLOWER MOTH (Homoeosoma electellum) - IOWA —- Larvae infested 100 percent of sunflower heads 3 inches in diameter or larger in Polk County field. Larvae ranged up to 11 per head. Damage potential severe. (Iowa Ins. Sur.). POTATOES, TOMATOES, PEPPERS VARIEGATED CUTWORM (Peridroma saucia) - WISCONSIN - Outbreak condition exists in eastern part of State. Larvae averaged 1+ per plant on commercial potatoes in Kenosha County. Serious in gardens in Dane County; up to 3 larvae per plant. Reported feeding on ripening tomatoes. Serious in Waushara and Portage Counties. Pupation began in southeastern area; about 80 percent parasitized in area, primarily by tachina flies. (Wis. Ins. Sur.). MAINE - Larvae of this species, Spodoptera frugiperda (fall armyworm) , and few Pseudaletia unipuncta (armyworm) present in many potato fields. Damage to date minimal. Treatments made due to large numbers of P. saucia prevented much damage. (Gall). - 523 - GREEN PEACH APHID (Myzus persicae) - NEVADA - Ranged 2-3 colonies per leaflet on 100 acres of potatoes in Mason and Smith Valleys, | Lyon County. Plants severely yellowed and withered. Controls planned. (Lauderdale). DELAWARE - Ranged 66-156 per 100 leaves on peppers in Sussex County. (Burbutis, Kelsey). COLORADO POTATO BEETLE (Leptinotarsa decemlineata) - MAINE - Damage to potatoes decreasing. Many first-generation larvae pupating. (Gall). BEANS AND PEAS WESTERN YELLOWSTRIPED ARMYWORM (Spodoptera praefica) - IDAHO - Damaging larval populations spotty in Several thousand acres of lentils and peas in extreme west-central Latah County; treatments made to heavier populations of 5+ larvae per square yard. (Storey, Portman, July 26). COWPEA CURCULIO (Chalcodermus aeneus) - GEORGIA - Heavy on untreate: peas in Spalding County; damaged beans and peas in Floyd County; damage very light on pole beans in Clarke County. (Dupree et al.). PEA LEAF WEEVIL (Sitona lineatus) -—- IDAHO — Summer adults began emerging July 25 in Latah County. (Tekleab). Young adults congregating in maturing lentil fields; damage mainly to leaves. (Futter, Portman, July 27). MEXICAN BEAN BEETLE (Epilachna varivestis) - NEBRASKA - Larvae ranged 10-15 per plant with 20-50 percent of plants infested in 30 bean fields in Scotts Bluff County. Controls applied to several fields. (Hagen). GEORGIA - Infestations on lima beans in Spalding County most severe of season. (Dupree). WESTERN SPOTTED CUCUMBER BEETLE (Diabrotica undecimpunctata undecimpunctata) - OREGON - Adult averages ranged 21-25 per 50 Sweeps, with up to 48 per 50 sweeps, in snap bean plantings near Cornelius, Washington County, July 10-24. Controls good. (Collins). TWOSPOTTED SPIDER MITE (Tetranychus urticae) - IDAHO - Infestation general in maturing fields of commercial seed peas ready for harvest in Latah County. Field peas in northern part of State usually not infested by this pest. (Portman). GENERAL VEGETABLES MELON APHID (Aphis gossypii) - MARYLAND - Building up and becoming problem in several watermelon fields in Caroline and Wicomico Counties. (U. Md., Ent. Dept.). GREEN PEACH APHID (Myzus persicae) — COLORADO - Heavy on garden radishes and turnips in Fort Collins area, Larimer County; most serious ever noted in area with some crops completely destroyed. (Thatcher). ASPARAGUS BEETLE (Crioceris asparagi) - OHIO - All stages on asparagus checked in Knox County; adults ranged 6-10 per plant. Eggs and larvae very numerous, pose potential threat to crop. Damage to date light. Determined by E.H. Smith. (Fox). - 524 - : ECIDUOUS FRUITS AND NUTS SODLING MOTH (Laspeyresia pomonella) - COLORADO - Second-brood poche present in all fruit areas on Western Slope; ranged 20-50 ber pheromone trap per week in Mesa County orchards. (Bulla). DRIENTAL FRUIT MOTH (Grapholitha molesta) - COLORADO - Increased in pheromone and bait traps on Western Slope, but counts still low. (Bulla). \PPLE-AND-THORN SKELETONIZER (Anthophila pariana) - OREGON - Heavy cin throughout much of northwestern area; several larval gen- »rations severely skeletonized leaves of untreated apple, hawthorne, ind to a lesser extent, cherry. Locally heavy damage seen in Salem rea, Marion County, and in Eugene area, Lane County. (Penrose, Tinker). 3HOTHOLE BORER (Scolytus rugulosus) - CALIFORNIA - Adults emerged rom cherry trees at Gridley, Butte County, and from apricot srees in West Sacramento, Sacramento County. More prevalent on Jeciduous fruit trees this season than usual. (Cal. Coop. Rpt.). 3AN JOSE SCALE (Quadraspidiotus perniciosus) - NEVADA - Collected rom plum fruit at Las Vegas, Clark County, July 5 by D.F. Zoller. Determined by R.C. Bechtel. This is a new county record. (Bechtel). RUROPEAN RED MITE (Panonychus ulmi) - OHIO - Continued to increase explosively in orchards in southern and central areas. (Holds- worth). Increased rapidly in northern area orchards. (Hall). [WOSPOTTED SPIDER MITE (Tetranychus urticae) - COLORADO - Heavy in apple and pear orchards on Western Slope; ranged 20-100 per eaf. Leaf bronzing evident. (Bulla). 3LACK PECAN APHID (Tinocallis caryaefoliae) - TEXAS - Increased pn pecans across State. Moderate to heavy in Brazos and Burleson vounties; averaged 5 per leaflet on some trees. Heavy on isolated trees in Pecos County; ranged 150-200 per 25 pecan leaves. Built ap in North Central area near Denton and in Blacklands area near Stephenville, Erath County. (Van Cleave et al.). TALL WEBWORM (Hyphantria cunea) - OKLAHOMA - Heavy first-genera- tion damage occurred over most of eastern two-thirds of State, pSpecially on pecan, walnut, hickory, and persimmon. (Okla. Coop. 5Sur.). TEXAS - Heavy, damaged pecans in Denton County area. (Turney). “ITRUS Insect Situation in Florida - End of July - CITRUS RUST MITE (Phyllocoptruta oleivora) infested 84 (norm 70) percent of groves; economic in 66 (norm 51) percent. Population continued to increase and nearing Summer peak. Much above average and very high on leaves and fruit. Although many groves will show decrease late in August, numerous groves will continue to develop or maintain in- festations into September. All districts high: South, west, central, north, east. TEXAS CITRUS MITE (Eutetranychus banksi) infested 68 (norm 66) percent of groves; economic in 48 (norm 42) percent. Summer peak population occurred early July, about 14 days - 525 - later and slightly higher than average. Decrease to low level expected by September. Highest districts west, central, and east. CITRUS RED MITE (Panonychus citri) infested 35 (norm 63) percent 0: groves; economic in 10 (norm 35) percent. Population peaked early | July at lowest summer level in 21 years of record. Will continue ~ in low range. Highest district south. BLACK SCALE (Saissetia | oleae) infested 96 (norm 80) percent of groves; economic in 88 (orm 61) percent. Population peaked at normal time in early July,, but at highest level in 21 years of record. Gradual decrease expected. All districts high: Central, east, south, west, and north. AN ARMORED SCALE (Unaspis citri) infested 36 percent of groves; economic in 23 percent. Population increased and higher than any prior month. Little change expected. GLOVER SCALE (Lepidosaphes gloverii) infested 78 (norm 77) percent of groves; economic in 6 (norm 22) percent. Population of scale lower than normal and infestations lighter. Little change expected from present moderate level. Highest district west. PURPLE SCALE (L. beckii) infested 70 (norm 68) percent of groves; economic in 2 (norm 6) percent. Population near normal and low to moderate. Little change expected. YELLOW SCALE (Aonidiella citrina) infested) 34 (norm 60) percent of groves; none economic (norm 9 percent). CHAFF SCALE (Parlatoria pergandii) infested 42 (norm 52) percent of groves; none economic (norm 9 percent). These scales below norm) al,occur only as light infestations. GREEN SCALE (Coccus viridis)) infested 30 (norm 7) percent of groves; economic in 12 (norm 1 percent. More widespread and abundant than in any prior month in 21 years of record. WHITEFLIES infested 83 (norm 61) percent of groves; economic in 34 (norm 25) percent. Population remains above| normal and in high range despite expected decrease in August. Highest districts east and central. MEALYBUGS infested 68 (norm 69! percent of groves; economic in 13 (norm 2) percent. Population below normal, in moderate range, and decreasing. (W.A. Simanton (Citrus Expt. Sta., Lake Alfred)). FOREST AND SHADE TREES MOUNTAIN PINE BEETLE (Dendroctonus ponderosae) - COLORADO - Heavy in ponderosa pine on Roosevelt National Forest. Infestation in- creased 5 to 6-fold over that of 1971 and is in serious epidemic status. (Thatcher). PINE TUSSOCK MOTH (Dasychira plagiata) - MINNESOTA - Mostly pupae | in northern Pine County; adults emerging. High percentage of pupae parasitized or diseased. Very few egg masses found as of August 2. (Minn. Pest Rpt.). ELM LEAF BEETLE (Pyrrhalta luteola) - IOWA - Collected in Dubuque County July 28 for a new county record. (Iowa Ins. Sur.). MISSOURI - Pupation and emergence of second generation underway in southern areas. Many Chinese elms defoliated. (Munson). OKLAHOMA — Third-generation larvae emerged on Siberian elms in Pontotoc County, defoliation nearing 100 percent in many areas. Second-generation larvae, pupae, and adults common in Payne County. (Okla. Coop. Sur.). TEXAS - Heavy in north-central area counties near Denton, in Rolling Plains in Motley, Baylor, and Kent Counties, and in counties near Amarillo, Potter County. (Turney et al.). = 526 - ADDLED PROMINENT (Heterocampa guttivitta) - MAINE - Larval popu- lations collapsed in most deciduous areas where heavy earlier in eason. Now appears defoliation will be light or nonexistent in ost locations but with heavy defoliation on understory trees. (Gall). NOTODONTID MOTH (Symmerista canicosta) - MICHIGAN - Oviposition complete. Most egg masses parasitized. Heavy mortality in first and second instars. Defoliation obvious in areas with heavy pop- ulations. (Eiber, Sauer). BAGWORM (Thyridopteryx ephemeraeformis) - TEXAS - Continued to damage cedars throughout Rolling Plains area. Damage heavy in Motley; moderate in Hall, Baylor, and Wilbarger Counties; moderate to heavy in Knox County. (Boring). MIMOSA WEBWORM (Homadaula anisocentra) - OKLAHOMA - Scattered heavy damage to mimosa reported from Payne, Oklahoma, and Bryan ounties. Bryan is a new county record. (Okla. Coop. Sur.). PLANT BUG (Tropidosteptes pacificus) - OREGON - Late instar nymphs economic on 12,000 ash (Fraxinus oresona) trees in large field nursery in eastern Multnomah County. Feeding damage to lower leaves apparent, controls applied. (Nicoliason). MAN AND ANIMALS SCREWWORM (Cochliomyia hominivorax) - Total of 3,841 confirmed cases reported in continental U.S. during period July 23-29 as follows: Texas 3,684, New Mexico 47, Arizona 93, California 2, Oklahoma 15. The 5 most heavily infested Texas counties were: Gonzales 150, Atascosa 114, Gillespie 110, Kinney 103, De Witt 97. Total of 996 cases confirmed in Mexico. Number of sterile flies released this period in U.S. totaled 184,596,000 as follows: Texas 152,406,000; New Mexico 6,310,000; Arizona 17,570,000; California 650,000; Oklahoma 1,600,000; Louisiana 4,500,000; Arkansas 1,560,000. Total of 1,140,000 sterile flies released in Mexico. (Anim. Health). FACE FLY (Musca autumnalis) - MARYLAND - Annoyance to cattle high; adults ranged 30-100 per head in Howard, Carroll, and Prince Georges Counties. (U. Md., Ent. Dept.). KENTUCKY - Adults averaged 12.7 per animal on 20-month-old Hereford bulls in Caldwell County. (Gregory). ILLINOIS - Averaged 24 per head on several herds in Ogle County. (111. Ins. Rpt.). IOWA - Ranged 40-70 per head on untreated beef cattle in Polk County. (Iowa Ins. Sur.). NEBRASKA - Ranged 10-15 per face on untreated and about 8 per face on treated Yange herds in Keith, Arthur, Logan, McPherson, and Lincoln Counties. (Campbell, McEvoy). SOUTH DAKOTA - Populations fluctuated; ranged 50-150 (averaged 35) per face on cows July 22 and 7-15 (averaged 10) per face July 29. On calves, ranged 2-30 (averaged 7) on July 22 and 2-7 (averaged 4) per face on July 29. (DelFosse). NORTH DAKOTA - In sandhills area of Richland County, ranged 13-50 (averaged 29) per face on calves and 7-22 (averaged 12) per face On cows in same herd. Ranged up to 5 (averaged 1) per face on buffalo on Sullys Hill Game Preserve in Benson County. (Brandvik). - 527 - HORN FLY (Haematobia irritans) - MARYLAND - Adults ranged 30-50 per animal on beef cattle in Frederick and Howard Counties. (U. Md., Ent. Dept.). OHIO - Counts heaviest in western area; ranged 50-350+ per head on Hereford cattle in Darke County, up to 40+ in Preble County. (Fox). MISSISSIPPI - Ranged 175-200 per iM animal on 375 cattle in Montgomery County. (Robinson). ILLINOIS - | Averaged 110 per animal on several herds in Ogle County. (111. } Ins. Rpt.)}. OKLAHOMA - Ranged 100-125 per head on cows and averaged) 1,500 per head on bulls in Payne County. Heavy in Pontotoc County, moderate to heavy in Bryan County, light to moderate in Roger Mills County. (Okla. Coop. Sur.). NEBRASKA - Averaged 500+ per animal on untreated range herds in Keith, Arthur, Logan, McPherson, and Lincoln Counties. (Campbell, McEvoy). NORTH DAKOTA - Ranged up to 300 (averaged 150) per buffalo on Sullys Hill Game Preserve in Benson County. (Brandvik). SOUTH DAKOTA - Counts per side on cows ranged 75-900 (averaged 550) July 22 and 200-600 (averaged 500) on July 29. Counts per side on bulls ranged 1,200-1,500 on July 22 and July 29. (DelFosse). STABLE FLY (Stomoxys calcitrans) - MARYLAND - Adults ranged 10-30 | per animal on beef cattle in Frederick and Howard Counties. (U. Md., Ent. Dept.). ILLINOIS - Averaged 22 per animal on several herds in Ogle County This is increase from 4 per head during mid- July. (111. Ins. Rpt.). NEBRASKA - Ranged 20-25 per leg on un- treated feedlot animals in Lincoln County. (Campbell, McEvoy). MOSQUITOES - OHIO - Very heavy in northeast area due to high temperatures and humidity last period, particularly in Ashland and Summit Counties; up to 400 per trap per night. Aedes sticticus, ; A. stimulans, A. triseriatus, A. trivittatus, A. vexans, and Culex spp. dominant. Less than 50 per trap per night taken in Knox County. A. sollicitans and A. trivittatus increased in Lake and Ashland Counties, reSpectively. (Ohio Dept. Health). MINNESOTA - As predicted, light trap catches of A. vexans increased sharply July 30. Emergence complete as of August 2. Flooded areas north of Minneapolis and Saint Paul can expect high nuisance for next 14-21 days. Recent cool evenings restricted adult mosquito activity somewhat. (Minn. Pest Rpt.). UTAH - Annoying in several areas of Summit, Duchesne, Wasatch, and Uintah Counties. (Knowlton | et al.). LONE STAR TICK (Amblyomma americanum) - OKLAHOMA - Heavy on dogs in Pontotoc and Pushmataha Counties; heavy on cattle in Pontotoc County, moderate on cattle in Pushmataha County. (Okla. Coop. sibbes)) 3 BENEFICIAL INSECTS AN ICHNEUMON WASP (Bathyplectes stenostigma) - OHIO - This larval parasite of Hypera postica (alfalfa weevil) recovered June 12 at release site near Wooster, Wayne County, by J.K. Flessel. Deter- mined by J.K. Flessel. Confirmed by R.J. Dysart. This is a new State record. B. stenostigma originally released at this site June 25, 1968, and May 22, 1970. (Flessel). A EULOPHID WASP (Tetrastichus julis) - MICHIGAN - Recovered for new county records as follows: Alcona June 16 by M. McGuire; Alpena June 15 by A. Nickels; Genesee June 7 by A.Johnson; Ionia June 8 by D. Patrick; Isabella June 7 by L. Webb; Jackson June 10 by H. Spink; Kalamazoo June 12 by R. Bailey; Lake June 8 by - 528 - . Dostal; Lapeer June 5 by L. Dorr; Oakland June 7 by W. Muller ; gemaw June 10 by R. Kaarre; Saginaw June 9 by R. Vasold; hiawassee June 15 by R. Austin. All determined by F.W. Stehr. riginally released in these counties in 1971 as parasites of Julema melanopus (cereal leaf beetle) larvae: June 9 in Alcona, Yenesee, Ionia, Isabella, Jackson, Lake, Lapeer, Oakland, Ogemaw, nd Saginaw; June 10 in Alpena and Shiawassee; June 17 in Kala- azoo. For recoveries, O. melanopus larvae were collected and eared to full growth; if present, I. julis emerged. (Sauer). FEDERAL AND STATE PLANT PROTECTION PROGRAMS 3IANT AFRICAN SNAIL (Achatina fulica) - FLORIDA - Adults taken at 5 locations in Opa Locka, Dade County, July 14 by G.S. Spencer nd E. Holder and at 3 canal bank locations close to above proper- ies in Opa Locka July 17. (Spencer et al.). 3RASS BUGS (Labops spp.) - UTAH - Caused much damage to planted ange grasses in Browns Park area of Daggett County. Damaged ange grasses over Uintah Mountains north of Vernal, Uintah Sounty; and at Wolf Creek Pass, Duchesne County. (Haws, Partridge). SRASSHOPPERS - UTAH - Mostly nymphs ranged 3-5 per sweep in meadow reas at Locomotive Springs, Box Elder County; problem throughout county. Melanoplus sanguinipes ranged 2-7 per sweep in scattered range areas of Box Elder County and 1-4 per sweep at Wolf Creek ass, Duchesne County. (Knowlton, Lindsay). NEVADA - New county records as follows: Ageneotettix deorum at North Twin River, Nye County, July 1, 1971, by R.C. Bechtel and P.C. Martinelli. Amphitornus coloradus ornatus at Virginia City, Storey County, August 3, 1971; Chorthippus curtipennis at Sweetwater, Lyon County, Beeust 26, 1971; Melanoplus cinereus cinereus at Carson City, lormsby County, August 8, 1971, and at Lagomarsino Canyon, Storey forth < July 13, 1972; Mermeria bivittatus maculipennis one mile orth of Beatty, Nye County, August 12, 1971; Spharagemon collare at Yerington, Lyon County, August 2, 1972; Trimerotropis latifasciata 5 miles north of Walker Lake, Mineral County, August 25, 1971, and I. strenua at Carson City, Ormsby County, August 19, 1971, all by G.M. Nishida. All determined by RaCe Bechtel. (Bechtel). WASHINGTON - Adults and late instars, mostly M. sanguinipes, M. bivittatus, Aulocara elliotti, and Oedaleonotus enigma economic throughout eastern rangeland areas. Moved from untreated desert rangeland to cropland. Crop damage reported in most counties. In some areas repeated treatments necessary. Private control programs conducted in Whitman and Adams Counties on estimated 20,000 acres of range and crop lands. At Fruitvale, Yakima County, nymphs and adults averaged 3 per sweep in alfalfa seed field July 28. (Gregorich). ‘IDAHO - Grasshoppers ranged 12-18 per square yard over 100 acres of rangeland on Fort Hall Indian Reservation in Bingham County July 21. (Kunkel). Ranged 10-50 per square yard on 1,000 acres of alfalfa, grain, and rangeland in Stack Rock area near Boise, Ada ‘County, July 24; crop damage ranged 10-90 percent. (Peterson). \M. sanguinipes seriously stripped 8,000-10,000 acres of dryland falfalfa hay and rangeland grasses in Whitebird area of Idaho County. Population 15 percent late instar nymphs, 85 percent adults. Egg development evident in females. (Mink, Portman). i i } i } } i if } - 529 - MONTANA - M. bivittatus, M. Sanguinipes, and M. packardii ranged | 40-50 per square yard along roadsides for 10+ miles east of | Froid, Roosevelt County, week ending July 28. (Pratt). MINNESOTA —- M. femurrubrum nymphs more noticeable. Ranged 45-54 per square a4 yard in grassy alfalfa field in Steele County; only economic in- festation reported. (Minn. Pest Rpt.). GYPSY MOTH (Porthetria dispar) - SOUTH CAROLINA - Male adult taken in sex-lure trap in oak tree in mobile home park at North Charles—. ton, Charleston County, July 17. Determined by V.H. Owens. Con- firmed by E.L. Todd. This is first specimen taken in county and is considered a regulatory incident until evidence of infestation is found. (PP). FLORIDA - Two mummified larvae, 2 dead adults, 1 dead pupa, and several egg masses intercepted on objects inside i} horse trailer at Inverness, Citrus County, recently arrived from | infested area. (Fla. Coop. Sur.). TENNESSEE - Adult collected in | camp ground at Regean Forge, Sevier County, July 27 by S. Johnson and R. Applegate, and adult collected in camp ground at Cosby, Cocke County, July 29 by S. Johnson et al. Determined by V.H. Owens. Confirmed by E.L. Todd. Until further survey and scouting is completed to verify the nature of these situations, they will be considered as regulatory incidents. (PP). JAPANESE BEETLE (Popillia japonica) - NEW JERSEY - Damaged corn silks in scattered Warren County fields. (Ins.-Dis. Newsltr.). PENNSYLVANIA - Adults heavy on various hosts in Cranton, Lacka- wanna County, by July 20; often caused complete defoliation (Lawrence); also in Snyder, Union, Montour, and Northumberland Counties, and at Farmington, Fayette County (Rusnock, Maust). Total of 5,483 adults taken in 16 bait traps at location in Centre County July 26 through August 3. (Adams). MARYLAND - Adults above normal in most sections, but declining. Favorable weather for grub development probable reason for heavy statewide populations. (U. Md., Ent. Dept.). VIRGINIA - Remained very light in most areas. (Allen). TENNESSEE - Adult collected in motel parking lot at Cookeville, Putnam County, by J.F. Williams July 31! Determined by V.H. Owens. Confirmed by J.M. Kingsolver. This is first specimen taken in county and is considered to be an inter- ception until evidence of infestation is found. (PP). PINK BOLLWORM (Pectinophora gossypiella) - CALIFORNIA - Trap inspection continued negative in San Joaquin Valley. Total of 5,141,250 sterile moths released this period. Total of 19,665,750 released this season. (Cal. Coop. Rpt.). WESTERN GRAPELEAF SKELETONIZER (Harrisina brillians) - CALIFORNIA =) Survey revealed infested 8-acre vineyard at San Jose, Santa Clara | County. Treatment and survey continued. Hot weather caused much damage to crops; grapes in some counties severely damaged, drying on vines. This complicates inspection. (Cal. Coop. Rpt.). WHITEFRINGED BEETLES (Graphognathus spp.) - ALABAMA - Adults heavy on peanut foliage in 16-acre field near Marl Community; also widespread and heavy in field north of Webb, Houston County. Controls recommended. (McQueen). - 530 - { f { | | | | { t HAWAII INSECT REPORT ( ten — CORN EARWORM (Heliothis zea) severe in 4 acres of sweet yn at Waimanalo, Oahu; LOO percent of mature ears with eggs d/or early larvae on silks or in ear tips. CORN LEAF APHID hopalosiphum maidis) light on leaves in same planting; about 5 reent of aphids parasitized by Lysiphlebus testaceipes (a saconid). (Kawamura). | sneral Vegetables - Larval mines of LEAFMINER FLIES (Liriomyza yp.) generally light in 5,000-square-foot planting of cucumber sedlings at Waimanalo, Oahu; moderate on older 1-2 leaves. irval mines moderate in 0.25 acre of green onion at Makawao, ui; Acrolepia assectella (leek moth) light and Tetranychus nnabarinus (carmine spider mite) light in this planting. iyahira). BEAN FLY (Melanagromyza phaseoli) larvae severe in stioles and stems in small yard planting of snap beans at Pearl ty, Oahu; 100 percent of seedlings affected. Heavy in two yard antings of snap beans at Kahului and Haliimaile, Maui; killed _ 5-100 percent of seedlings. Bean fly activity about nil in most her yard plantings at Kahului, Waikapu, and Puunene. Heavily afested long bean petioles collected in late June at Wailuku, 2ui, and on Kauai; 44 and 56 percent parasitized by Opius spp. osraconids), respectively. (Ah Sam et al.). GREEN STINK BUG Nezara viridula) egg cluster collected from lightly infested ore planting of eggplant at Waianae, Oahu, during mid-July 100 ercent parasitized by Trissolcus basalis (a scelionid wasp). Bomura)- orest and Shade Trees — CUBAN LAUREL THRIPS (Gynaikothrips icorum) nymphs and eggs light in fluted terminal leaves of 30 QNinese banyan (Ficus retusa) trees at Punchbowl, Oahu; adults cace. A predator, Montandoniola moraguesi (an anthocorid bug) il. On all trees, G. ficorum appears in initial stages and may ccount for absence of this very effective predator. GREENHOUSE ARIPS (Heliothrips haemorrhoidalis) nymphs and adults moderate on pout 10 percent of Pinus sp. saplings at Kula, Maui. Chemical ontrol recommended. (Ah Sam, Miyahira). i eneficial Insects - LANTANA LEAF BEETLE (Octotoma scabripennis) ymphs and adults heavy in wasteland lantana at Hookena, Kona, awaii; 600 adults collected in one hour. (Yoshioka). Adults of CIOMYZID FLIES (Sepedon sauteri and S. macropus) light to moderate a 2 acres of taro at Waimanalo, Oahu. (Otsuka). mae ONS @IR 22(29):466 and 22(30):486 - SOYBEAN CYST NEMATODE (Heterodera ilycines) - Both notes should read: Determined by V.H. Owens. bnfirmed by A.M. Golden. (PP). EIR 22(30):480 - MISCELLANEOUS FIELD CROPS - A FLEA BEETLE Longitarsus waterhousei) - OREGON - " ... Adults averaged 472 per weep ... " should read "Adults averaged 47.2 per sweep ay Penrose). EIR 22(30):481 - GENERAL VEGETABLES - OHIO - " ... in Wayne ounty." should read " ... in Washington County." EIR 22(31):493 - ARMYWORM (Pseudaletia unipuncta) - OHIO - " ounty, June 14-20." should read " ... July 14-20." (PP). - 531 - i j i TRAP COLLECTIONS LIGHT Gainesville 7/28-8/3 FLORIDA IOWA Beaconsfield 7/21-27 Castana 7/21-27 Kanawha 7/21-27 Hiawatha 7/27, 31 Manhattan 8/1 Scandia 8/1 KANSAS Adrian 7/26-8/1 Maybee 7/23-29 Shelby 7/23-30 MICHIGAN - 532 Crookston 7/26-8/1 Fergus Falls 7/26-8/1 Shakopee 7/26-8/1 MINNESOTA MISSISSIPPI (County) Sharkey 7/28-8/3 Washington 7/28-8/3 Portageville 7/28-8/3 MISSOURI Lincoln 8/3 North Platte 8/3 Scottsbluff 8/2 NEBRASKA Strafford 7/31 NEW HAMPSHIRE (County) NEW JERSEY Centerton 7/25-31 Evesboro 7/25-31 Lumberton 7/25-31 7) 4 Oo = UO ak w OF? = “HAN oman e) ) 00 i aO = UV Rad | aNo [ a Neri i ait Oo } < BH SN a oO & aN } = SOO | aaa { ABxAO i kb mape 1 <= ara ©) | im 2 Sa ! = a Wooster 7/28-8/3 OHIO PENNSYLVANIA (District) Central 7/27-8/2 Southeast 7/27-8/2 Southwest 7/27-8/2 -~ al be st s£0Q A NN =| mh O™N ow - 1 ON ane —™~ sNMe Y O0NM 4 Orem BO rl bY Oo Gee Ba fsaé Ax nN MY 9 Near Ee eeee Ba Sens (e) | n B 1 ao 3%) ie%) 1 Montgomery 6/27-7/2 Petersburg 6/25 Warsaw 6/25-7/1 VIRGINIA Hartford 7/25-31 Lancaster 7/25-31 Mazomanie 7/24-8/1 WISCONSIN DETECTION New State Records - AN ICHNEUMON WASP (Bathyplectes stenostigma) || OHIO - Wayne County. (p. 498). : New County Records - ELM LEAF BEETLE (Pyrrhalta luteola) IOWA - Dubuque (p. 526). A EULOPHID WASP (Tetrastichus julis) MICHIGAN -| Alcona, Alpena, Genesee, Ionia, Isabella, Jackson, Kalamazoo, Lake, Lapeer, Oakland, Ogemaw, Saginaw, Shiawasee (pp. 528-529). | GRASSHOPPERS - NEVADA - Ageneotettix deorum, Nye; Amphitornus coloradus ornatus, Storey; Chorthippus curtipennis, Lyon; Me lano-—|| plus cinerus cinerus, Ormsby, Storey; Mermeria bivittatus maculi-_. pennis, Nye; Spharagemon collare, Lyon; Trimerotropis latifasciati| Mineral; T. strenua, Ormsby (p. 529). A JAPANESE WEEVIL (Calomy- cterus setarius) IOWA - Chickasaw, Winneshiek (p. 521). MIMOSA WEBWORM (Homadaula anisocentra) OKLAHOMA - Bryan (p. 527) SAN JOSE SCALE (Quadraspidiotus perniciosus) NEVADA - Clark (p. 525)./ WESTERN CORN ROOTWORM (Diabrotica virgifera) MICHIGAN - Calhoun. | INDIANA - Elkhart, St. Joseph. UTAH — Box Elder, Cache, Davis, ~ Morgan. ILLINOIS - Montgomery. MISSOURI - Lincoln (p.-"bope Weather of the week continued from page 516. TEMPERATURE: A cold front stretched from the middle Atlantic coast to eastern Texas on Monday July 31, producing minimums in the 60's and 70's over the Deep South. This front dissipated but another front moved into the Nation from Canada. About midweek, it extended from New Mexico to New England. A warming trend occurred south of new front. Afternoon temperatures reached the 4] 90'S over much of the South. Wichita, Kansas, and Gage, Oklahoma, | registered 100 degrees Wednesday when the mercury at Wichita Falls, Texas, climbed to 101 degrees. A cooling trend north of the front held afternoon temperatures in the 60's and 70's and dropped early morning temperatures into the 40's and 50's. Grand Forks, North Dakota, recorded 33 degrees Thursday morning. The Northwest warmed. Yakima, Washington, registered 90 degrees or higher on several days. Blythe, California, in the Southwest, recorded 120 degrees Monday and Tuesday afternoons but only 110 degrees on Thursday. The weekend brought warmer afternoons to the Great Plains and cooler mornings to the Northeast. Chadron, Nebraska, registerd only 63 degrees Thursday afternoon but 94 degrees Saturday. Lemon, South Dakota, recorded 60 degrees Thursday, 89 Saturday. Early morning temperatures at Buffalo, Newi} York, on Thursday and Saturday were 70 degrees and 45 degrees, respectively. Minimums were common in the Deep South over the weekend. Temperatures averaged above normal west of the Rocky Mountains, over the Florida Peninsula, and along the southern Atlantic coast, and below normal over most of the rest of the Nation. Most of the northern and central Great Plains and norther? prairies averaged 6 to 10 degrees warmer than normal. | { | - 534 - ~ ROA , rear U.S. DEPARTMENT OF AGRICULTURE HYATTSVILLE, MARYLAND 20782 POSTAGE AND FEES PAID U.S. DEPARTMENT OF AGRICULTURE AGR 101 OFFICIAL BUSINESS PENALTY FOR PRIVATE USE, $300 0004 SMINLISMIA122 34037 OOOL SMITHSONIAN INSTITUTION LIBR= ARTES SMITHSONIAN INST WASHINGTON DC 20560 PRE SES a = VOL. 22 No. 33 a August 18, 1972 : 4 Cooperative Economic Insect Report Issued by PLANT PROTECTION AND QUARANTINE PROGRAMS ANIMAL AND PLANT HEALTH INSPECTION SERVICE U.S.DEPARTMENT OF AGRICULTURE ANIMAL AND PLANT HEALTH INSPECTION SERVICE PLANT PROTECTION AND QUARANTINE PROGRAMS ECONOMIC INSECT SURVEY AND DETECTION STAFF The Cooperative Economic Insect Report is issued weekly as a service to American Agriculture. Its contents are compiled from information supplied by cooperating State, Federal, and industrial entomologists and other agricultural workers. In releasing this material the Service serves as a Clearing house and does not assume responsibility for ac- curacy of the material. | ee re All reports and inquiries. pertaining to this)rellease, | including the mailing list, should be sent to: CEIR Economic Insect survey and Detection Plant Protection and Quarantine Programs Animal and Plant Health Inspection Service United States Department of Agriculture Federal Center Building Hyattsville, Maryland 20782 Volume 22 August 18, 1972 Number 33 COOPERATIVE ECONOMIC INSECT REPORT HIGHLIGHTS if Current Conditions } CORN LEAF APHID heavy on grain crops in several Eastern and Central States. POTATO LEAFHOPPER heavy on alfalfa and beans in Wisconsin; economic on hay in southeastern Ohio. (p. BS) 6 'Second-—brood EUROPEAN CORN BORER moth emergence and egg laying underway in southern Illinois, but heavy second brood not expected in State. Pupation and moth emergence slowed by cool weather in Minnesota, moth activity increased in central New York. (op. 538). BANKS GRASS MITE increased on corn in Arkansas Valley of Colorado. Rp O39). LESSER CORNSTALK BORER heavy and damaging several crops in south- east Alabama. (pp. 539, 540, 542). ALFALFA WEEVIL damage to alfalfa worst in 12 years in northern Utah this season. (pp. 539-540). ‘BOLL WEEVIL increased in Florence area of South Carolina, remains heavy in southern and central Alabama. BOLLWORM activity increased in cotton in several Southern States. (pp. 541-542). Detection A SAWFLY reported for first time in West Virginia. (p. 544). For new county records see page 550. Reports in this issue are for week ending August 11 unless other- wise indicated. = 535 - CONTENTS Special Insects of Regional SulpxipaliesCEyNCSs Gad b000cocoKoaDooODSS 537 Insects Affecting Corn, Sorghum, Sugarcane....538 Potatoes, Tomatoes, Sievilil” (Geesinsy ose ss bio 6 U acid 539 PEPDEL'S sys aieierese eh ous «2 wks, etapa Turf, Pastures, Rangeland...539 Beans and Peas............- 542 Forage Legumes.........-.0-- 539) Colle) Crops k:.. 34 ceo -542 SOW s oaebGonoudeddcon dd 540 Deciduous Fruits and Nuts. .544 PeanutsS.......--+e+seseecrees 5940 Ornamentals..............-. 544 9] (CONPCOMS 5 5 ols Golho oe Sloe ou o .....-041 Forest and Shade Trees..... 544 | ManandivAna malls Sy. -aevenemelens Braye Hawada, LnSeet MREp OG Gerais cvsie,cileie) a: epere el cele) oper elle) clfe ee 2) oiaslnlolkcait= t-te Ral 9043 | Benet iciat. InSeEG tS s5s. th eseets el sucgs. w sheesic ways ooo ree koleash =p keneae ne 046 Kederal and State Plant Protection Programs)... « -caeincleser-iceiene 546 Light Trap, Col bee tions ore es nee 0 s\sic ms «nies oie cue + eke ieneniagne ee 548 DAC COTTON foro css esses Sueuene neue. oa ous Shs, eh eaeieckonsl obs) =) suoes lshelone cMcM Menten aaa a Mens 550- Weather ot “the, Week). 5 os :cwus cusps o n~ ee) a q Cy) SS) | i SS 1 » wa 3 fo>) 0° = () oOo O. G Hot AG © 1 “4 S SSS lon 3Os me O 1A Oo - ° (o) S 0 00 NiO OFAN PE wd Sr Ex-) a 0) ott NN O10 sx ~ oo 09 Ns 1 © © tae ong VO 3N OU SN Nem x aq M4 Weise) 0 0 Ne 0M & O00 tO aN ~N qi io) NNN = Pp HMO OD aie) q Bin 0 od ont oom m& P VP DH RPOKXTD OX > Qo apPpog A> 0 NO HOO MowOSs 4 QD Bs Sh OLes rs sav Ouet Ri AN ONE a NO Ea es nnose ath O ® = 0 dq @802 O8O0R Nea Bo H mend ASCOoY P As Od GAs NOMS nH as Ho 2 oO BE oOH in Ho DPE HHPO Oeu Hen OF 6 Hea Das [e} mee HO Use Hf0 Nos no ~ HOH Huish OO Qe 20 O04=n ONE ANE NA FH FANS HBAHO HE <3) = = = = a (eo) TRAP COLLECTIONS LIGHT - 549 o «mt st N ci bY a ioe) ong o ae N bt o ise) ON a bs i 2,2) a (> se) oo WO Noe w atn et od st ei Arc N ei oO Ll N a w wW w PoP) el ae et Aan isp) fe>) Oomn ico} f2} N Y wt miw wW e o o Tf ea st Fl on a Lo a NAAN isp) fora (oe) wt isp) ei ei ei dod | dod | ooo | one {sa mom [aa] mam [aalfashies) -~~ FE) iS) = ise) al © ~ > SS 4 Sy ¥# (oe) 0 00 0 ‘=| => (ora 2 ori ss > (er) Le 1 AOL [om P ae CON Yili = isp) AINN Or =| Ie SS lee FE GS SESS ORS el eed 00 ~ 00 aS p 1 0 Arr oO onNt I S 0 00 sam a™~ ) fo} & =| eS | (eo) Ay n is is > = DETECTION New State Record - A SAWFLY (Caliroa lineata) - WEST VIRGINIA - Fayette County. (p. 544). ’ New County Records - ASIATIC OAK WEEVIL (Cyrtepistomus castaneus) MISSOURI — Boone (pp. 544-545). A GRASSHOPPER (Ageneotettix deorum) NEVADA - Storey (p. 546). PEAR PSYLLA (Psylla pyricola) UTAH - Cache (p. 544). A PUNCTUREVINE STEM WEEVIL (Microlarinus lypriformis) FLORIDA - Palm Beach (p. 546). A SPIDER MITE (Petrobia harti) PENNSYLVANIA - Lehigh (p. 544). WESTERN CORN ROOTWORM (Diabrotica virgifera) MICHIGAN - Ingham. ILLINOIS - Montgomery. MISSOURI - St. Charles, St. Louis, Warren (p. 538). WEATHER OF THE WEEK ENDING AUGUST 14 Reprinted from Weekly Weather and Crop Bulletin supplied by Environmental Data Service, NOAA. PRECIPITATION: Widespread thunderstorms, some locally heavy, occurred over the eastern half of the United States in connection with frontal systems that swept eastward from the western Great Plains to the Atlantic Ocean. Thunderstorms also occurred from the southern Great Plains to the Altantic seaboard in warm humid air that lay over the Southland. Showers occurred on several days but amounts were uneven ranging from traces to 2 inches or more over the East. Many western areas received no rain. Others received up to 0,25 inch. TEMPERATURE: Weekly mean temperatures averaged above normal over the Far Northwest, the Great Basin, the northern and central Rocky Mountains, the western edge of the northern Great Plains, and along the gulf coast. Elsewhere weekly mean temperatures were cooler than normal. Storm systems sweeping across the northern part of the Nation cooled the eastern two-thirds of the Nation. Minimum temperatures dropped to the 40's over the northern Great Plains and to the 50's over the central Great Plains early in the week. By midweek, the Northeast was registering early morning temperatures in the 40's and 50's; at Bradford, Pennsylvania, 34 degrees Friday morning. The West was warm to hot most of the week. Temperatures reached 100 degrees or higher each afternoon in the southwestern deserts. Furnace Creek, California, registered 121 degrees Tuesday afternoon. The soil temperature at Furnace Creek was 194 degrees. The Far Northwest was hot early in the week. The Dalles, Oregon, recorded 110 degrees Monday and Pendleton, Oregon, registered 111 degrees Tuesday. Cooler air moved into the Northwest late in the week when afternoon temperatures in Washington and Oregon ranged from the 60's along the coast to the 70's and 80's at inland stations. The 90-degree heat moved eastward across the North. For instance, Wednesday afternoon when Glasgow, Montana, recorded 98 degrees, the maximum at Fargo, North Dakota, was 75 degrees. By Sunday afternoon, 90-degree heat had reached Fargo. Autumnlike weather prevailed over the Northeast until the weekend approached. Maximum temperatures over the Northeast were generally in the 60's and 70's until Sunday when some spots warmed to the 80's. Boston, Massachusetts, recorded 87 degrees Sunday afternoon. Near normal temperatures prevailed over the Southeast with little day to day change. - 550 - U.S. DEPARTMENT OF AGRICULTURE HYATTSVILLE, MARYLAND 20782 ee roar: OFFICIAL BUSINESS U.S. DEPARTMENT OF PENALTY FOR PRIVATE USE, $300 AGRICULTURE AGR 101 anos SMINLISMIAL22 34037 0901 SMITHSONIAN INSTITUTION LIBR- ARIES SMITHSONIAN INST WASHINGTON DC 20560 VOL. 22 No. 34 ¢22 August 25, 1972 Cor Ey Cooperative Economic Insect Report Issued by PLANT PROTECTION AND QUARANTINE PROGRAMS ANIMAL AND PLANT HEALTH INSPECTION SERVICE U.S.DEPARTMENT OF AGRICULTURE ANIMAL AND PLANT HEALTH INSPECTION SERVICE PLANT PROTECTION AND QUARANTINE PROGRAMS ECONOMIC INSECT SURVEY AND DETECTION STAFF ~ The Cooperative Economic Insect Report is issued weekly as a service to American Agriculture. Its contents are compiled from information supplied by cooperating State, Federal, and industrial entomologists and other agricultural workers. In releasing this material the Service serves as a Clearing house and does not assume responsibility for ac- curacy of the material. All reports and inquiries pertaining to this release, including the mailing list, should be sent to: CEIR Economic Insect Survey and Detection Plant Protection and Quarantine Programs Animal and Plant Health Inspection Service United States Department of Agriculture Federal Center Building Hyattsville, Maryland 20782 Volume 22 August 25, 1972 Number 34 COOPERATIVE ECONOMIC INSECT REPORT HIGHLIGHTS | Current Conditions CORN EARWORM problem on sweet corn in some Eastern and Central States. Parasitism of GREENBUG increased in several Midwestern States. SPOTTED ALFALFA APHID serious threat to alfalfa in Arkansas Valley of Colorado. (pp. 554-555). WESTERN CORN ROOTWORM generally heavier on corn in Nebraska than past several years. (p. 556). BOLL WEEVIL and BOLLWORMS increased in several cotton-producing States. (pp. 558-560). VARIEGATED CUTWORM threat to potatoes in central Maine. (p. 560). BEAN APHID built up on beans throughout Michigan. (p. 561). ORIENTAL FRUIT MOTH increased on peaches in southwestern Oregon. FALL WEBWORM damaged pecans in Rolling Plains and Southeast areas of Texas. (p. 562). DOUGLAS FIR TUSSOCK MOTH serious on firs over 130,000 acres in northeast Oregon; extends into southeast Washington. VARIABLE OAKLEAF CATERPILLAR expected to be heavy over much of Ozark region ‘of Missouri this season. (pp. 562, 563). Detection A REDUVIID BUG reported for the first time in Hawaii. This is a new United States repord, but is not known to occur in the continental U.S. (p. 567). For new county records see page 561. Special Reports Distribution of Spotted Alfalfa Aphid. Map. (p. 570). Reports in this issue are for the week ending August 18 unless otherwise indicated. - 551 - CONTENTS Special Insects of Regional) Sieniticance. 458 ene ae 553) Insects Affecting Corn, Sorghum, Sugarcane..... 555 Miscellaneous Field Crops.560 |} Turf, Pastures, Rangeland....557 Potatoes, Tomatoes, Forage’ Legumes: «feb as sais ates 557 P@PPer'S'. acc = 2) ee ee - 960 SOV DEAS ELS SS abelerstone she lal stoners 508 Beans and Peas. . oo. see 561 PE AUN Sheree, ais sl Gl dich tevieias ts) oh ero top site aye 5958 Deciduous Fruits and Nuts.562 COMO 3 cle tasaue shied eicear gs oe anceatestiole 008 Ornamentals... >... eee 962 || (ROWAC CO's. chsie ts tence) sysienacae veus tensions 560 Forest and Shade Trees....562 — Man, and Anima lS?) 563 | De tee tion eee Aa St OR ee et 5619 Correctionsl i lel. SEAS PE MR Re 961 Beneficial, INS. wii. si ae ates weiklinr a ate sere eee, oe 564. Federal and State Plant_Protection Programs.........3.00ooooe 565) Hawaii Insect) Report.25.3% 20. ae, a a, 567 | Light Trap Collections .. 2.66 6 6c ee ot ees ohele ote ee ee 568 | Distribution of Spotted Alfalfa, Aphid .\ Map). 2...) eee 570) WEATHER OF THE WEEK ENDING AUGUST 21 Reprinted from Weekly Weather and Crop Bulletin supplied by Environmental Data Service, NOAA. PRECIPITATION: Thundershowers spotted warm humid areas in the South. These areas extended from the southern Great Plains to the | middle and southern Atlantic coast. In general, these showers were | mostly light. Other thundershowers, some locally heavy, occurred in connection with fronts. These were over the northern Great Plains and eastward to the Great Lakes. A tornado near Chrisholm in northeastern Minnesota Wednesday injured 1 person, destroyed a barn, killed a horse, and leveled trees. Several tornadoes touched down in Ohio Thursday afternoon. One of the storms destroyed several dwellings in northeastern Ohio. Another unroofed some barns and broke windows a few miles north of Mansfield. A tornado took off tops of some trees at Green Bottom, West Virginia, Thursday afternoon. Severe thunderstorms hit Wisconsin and Michigan late Friday and early Saturday. Other thunderstorms struck Minnesota Sunday. Areas in the Rochester vicinity received hail with heavy showers. Hail as large as golf balls and water measured 3 feet in depth at Plainview. Heavy thunderstorm activity | also occurred in spots in the South. A thunderstorm accompanied by | winds gusting to 60 m.p.h. dumped almost an inch of rain in an hour at Atlanta, Georgia, Sunday. Other thunderstorms occurred in the Pacific Northwest, the Rocky Mountains, and from the Ohio River Valley to southern New Engiand. Weather of the week continued on | page 566. S02) i SPECIAL INSECTS OF REGIONAL SIGNIFICANCE ARMYWORM (Pseudaletia unipuncta) - MAINE - Continued problem on corn; mostly light or noneconomic, with one field severely damaged. Late corn or corn not yet tasseling most likely to be damaged. Infestations heaviest in western and central areas. Larvae severely defoliated 14 acres of grass hayland near Belfast, Waldo County. Damage light to moderate in nearby grass field. In 14-acre field, about 70 percent of larvae dead; no treatment had been made in this field. Mortality due to disease. (Gall, Aug. 11). NEBRASKA - Light on irrigated corn in Dawson County. Present in most fields, but damage not economic; near full grown. (Campbell et al., Aug. 11). KANSAS - Caused 25 per- cent foliar loss in Stevens County cornfield; larvae, mostly fourth instar, averaged 2.5 per plant, mostly behind sheaths of lower leaves. Most damage to leaves on lower halves of plants. Many pupated, some parasitized by tachina flies and wasps. Similar situation reported in Stafford County cornfield; percent parasitism high. P. unipuncta light in corn in Grant and Seward Counties. No treatment reported, period August 7-11. Current blacklight trap collections indicate significant moth flights in Finney and Republic Counties. (Bell). NEW MEXICO - Damaging irrigated pasture at Ocate, Mora County. (J. Durkin). ALABAMA - This species and Spodoptera frugiperda (fall armyworm) heavy in localized Coastal Bermuda grass fields in Macon, Talladega, and Chambers Counties. (Bowling et al.). GEORGIA - Light on millet in Meriwether County. (Godowns). CORN EARWORM (Heliothis zea) - NEW JERSEY - Moths and eggs found on sweet corn for first time this season in Martinsville area of Somerset County. (Ins.-Dis. Newsltr.). MARYLAND - Ear infestations ranged 4-50 percent in sweet corn for processing in Caroline County. Generally increased in ears in all sections. @UEy Mare: Ent. Dept.). VIRGINIA - Light in corn in mountain counties of Augusta, Rockingham, Rockbridge, Botetourt, Roanoke, and Montgo- mery. Based on 10 fields sampled, 2 percent of ears infested. Infestation less than for this area in 1971 and less than current infestation in Coastal Plain area. (Allen). GEORGIA - Ranged 1-10 per row foot across peanut belt. (French). ARKANSAS - Increased but reached treatment level in very few soybean fields. Larvae in 19 of 25 fields in Desha, Lincoln, and Jefferson Counties; infestation above treatment level in 2 fields. Highest count 3.4 per row foot. Lighter in Grand Prairie area. Only few fields infested in northeast and east-central areas. Next 21 days critical for infestations in soybeans. (Boyer). MISSOURI - Light, (mainly first and second-instar larvae) 3-14 per 100 heads, in compact headed varieties of sorghum in southwest area. Plants with 1-9 percent whorl feeding seen in late planted fields. (Craig). MINNESOTA - H. zea larvae infested corn through- out southwest, west-central, and central districts; 10+ percent of ears infested in 75 percent of fields in southwest district. Infestations spotty in central district; ranged up to 20 percent. Heaviest in west-central district where 50 percent of ears infested. Larvae problem to growers of canning or market sweet corn. (Minn. Pest Rpt.). NEBRASKA - Generally light statewide in field and sweet corn. Infested ears averaged less than 1 out of 10 in 13 fields of field corn checked in Lancaster, Seward, Butier, Merrick, and Howard Counties. (Berogan). KANSAS - Infested 95 percent of late corn ears in Linn County. Larvae usually absent but occasionally very light in sorghum heads in southeast district. - 553 - None found in soybeans. Averaged 2 larvae per 10 sweeps in 10- inch alfalfa in Elk County. (Bell). OKLAHOMA - Heliothis zea moderate in grain sorghum in Kay County. (Okla. Coop. Sur.). NEW MEXICO - Heavy on corn at Santa Fe, Santa Fe County; larvae in 80 percent of ears. (N.M. Coop. Rpt.). UTAH - Infestations of sweet corn ears ranged 0-3 percent in Cache and Box Elder Counties, 0-5 percent in Weber County. (Knowlton). CALIFORNIA - Larvae, mostly first and second instar, increased in sweet and field corn. Larvae in alfalfa in Kern County. (Cal. Coop. Rpt.). CORN LEAF APHID (Rhopalosiphum maidis) - MAINE - Continued to increase on corn; Severe in 7 fields. Fungus very apparent; counts showed 90 percent of aphids dead in fields infested earlier. (Gall). NEW HAMPSHIRE - Built up on tassels of Sweet corn. (Bowman, Aug. 17). MARYLAND - Heavy populations on corn declining due to parasitism and predation. (U. Md., Ent. Dept.). VIRGINIA - Infestations in corn in mountain counties of Augusta, Rockingham, Roanoke, and Botetourt under control; probably due to predators. (Allen). KANSAS - Some grain and forage sorghum treated for heavy whorl infestations near Walnut, Butler County. Surveys in area revealed some moderate to heavy whorl infestations in late planted sorghum, but infestations declining rapidly as crop reaches boot stage. (Bell). ARIZONA - Increased in Yuma County grain sorghum. (McHenry). GREENBUG (Schizaphis graminum) - NEBRASKA - Ranged 150-300 per lower leaf in 4 sorghum fields in Red Willow and Frontier Counties; _ indicates slight increase. Parasitism increased; 1-20 percent of aphids mummified. (Campbell, Aug. 9). KANSAS - Decreased in sorghum generally in southwest district where parasitism by Lysiphlebus testaceipes (a braconid) continued to increase. Few economic S. graminum infestations in Southwest district. Parasitism 5 increased in west-central and northwest districts. (Bell, Aug. 11). Currently very light or nonexistent in sorghum throughout State. Ranged zero to maximum of 12 live aphids per plant in sorghum surveyed in west-central and northwest districts; parasitism by L. testaceipes ranged 70-100 percent. In southeast district, up to 30 S. graminum per sorghum plant found in Butler County; none or trace infestations seen on sorghum in Elk, Cherokee, Crawford, and Bourbon Counties. (Bell). ARKANSAS - No S. graminum found in most northeast and east- central area sorghum; very low counts in Independence County. Rains and high humidity important in reducing infestations that were very heavy in some areas 28 days ago. (Boyer, Aug. 11). OKLAHOMA - Heavy in sorghum in Caddo and Washita Counties; heavy parasitism reported. Predators and parasites reduced numbers to light in Beaver County sorghum during the past 14 days. (Okla. Coop. Sur.). TEXAS - Heaviest on sorghum in scattered fields in Knox, Hardeman, and Jones Counties. Light in Martin and Midland Counties, moderate to heavy in Pecos and Reeves Counties, all in Trans—Pecos area. Decreasing in most sorghum in South and High Plains. In most fields in Lubbock area, braconid parasites all but eliminated greenbug infestations. Greenbug generally declined on High Plains due to parasites. S. graminum lighter over area than for past several years. Beneficial species aided in keeping infestations under control. (Boring et al., Aug. 11). NEW MEXICO - Populations remain medium to heavy on all stages of sorghum in Curry and Roosevelt Counties. (N.M. Coop. Rpt.). - 5954 - POTATO LEAFHOPPER (Empoasca fabae) - OHIO - Adults and nymphs ranged 0.5-3 per sweep in hay fields in Preble, Clark, Fayette, Butler, and Union Counties and in mixed clover and timothy in Clermont, Montgomery, and Fayette Counties. Yellowing of hay evident in Clark, Fayette, and Union Counties. (Fox). INDIANA - Economic, about 50 per sweep, in one central district alfalfa field. Alfalfa mostly newly cut or short regrowth, ranged up to 20 inches. (Meyer). SPOTTED ALFALFA APHID (Therioaphis maculata) - KANSAS - Some significant infestations found in alfalfa in Sedgwick and Reno Counties; heaviest infestations caused very little leaf shedding. Hippodamia convergens (convergent lady beetle) usually heavy in heavier infested fields; appear to be exerting much control. T. maculata ranged 200-2,500 per 10 sweeps in 5 fields of 8 to 12- inch alfalfa in Sedgwick County, 150-1,500 per 10 sweeps in 3 fields of 5 to 10-inch alfalfa in Reno County. (Bell). COLORADO - Increased in most areas of Arkansas Valley; ranged O0-3,000 per 100 sweeps. Serious threat to new stands of alfalfa already planted or those to be planted. (Schweissing). NEVADA - Ranged 40-50 per sweep in seed alfalfa. Heavy buildup of predators, 5-6 per plant and 20-30 per sweep, in Dixie Valley, Pershing County. (Lauderdale). TOBACCO HORNWORM (Manduca sexta) - OHIO - Damage light on less than 10 percent of tobacco plants checked in Preble and Butler Counties. Damage ranged light to moderate on 60 percent of plants checked in Brown County. (Fox). CORN, SORGHUM, SUGARCANE EUROPEAN CORN BORER (Ostrinia nubilalis) - MARYLAND - Stalk and ear infestations increased steadily in field and sweet corn on Eastern Shore. (U. Md., Ent. Dept.). DELAWARE - Adults in black- light traps averaged 9 per night at 5 locations in Sussex County. (Burbutis, Kelsey). NEW HAMPSHIRE - First brood pupated. Some moths in flight. (Bowman, Aug. 17). MICHIGAN - Adult activity increased generally. When comparing this second generation emergence to past years, it appears to be right on time. (Sauer). WISCONSIN - Blacklight trap catches indicate heavy moth activity in some areas, no Significant increases in other areas. Egg masses exceed one per 10 plants in few fields of sweet corn in Waushara and Green Counties. Some treatment underway August 15 in Columbia, Green Lake, and Waushara Counties. Large acreages of sweet corn sprayed in Ozaukee and Sheboygan Counties. (Wis. Ins. Sur.). IOWA - Second-brood adult emergence peaked. Flight much lighter than in 1971. Egg masses found on 10 percent of plants; intesta- tion of 30 percent of plants expected. Larval hatch and survival high. Light damage by second brood expected. (Iowa Ins. Sur.). LESSER CORNSTALK BORER (Elasmopalpus lignosellus) - GEORGIA - Reduced stands of late-planted sorghum across southern area. (French, Aug. 11). SORGHUM WEBWORM (Celama sorghiella) - KENTUCKY - Averaged one per sorghum head in Todd County. (Barnett, Raney). MISSOURI - Ranged 1-5 larvae per head in early planted, compact headed varieties of sorghum. (Craig). - 5955 - WESTERN BEAN CUTWORM (Loxagrotis albicosta) - KANSAS —- Most larvae in corn in west-central and northwest districts in late instars and have entered ears. Percent plants infested, 3 fields per county: Scott 0-20, Wichita 16-60, Greeley 0-100, Wallace 4-24, Thomas 0-12, Sherman 12-32. Generally, economic infestations more prevalent this year than in 1971. (Bell). FALL ARMYWORM (Spodoptera frugiperda) - TEXAS - Increased on sorghum in Trans—Pecos and Panhandle areas. Damage ranged light to moderate in isolated sorghum in Pecos County. (Neeb et al., Nuc 1p) WESTERN CORN ROOTWORM (Diabrotica virgifera) - MISSOURI - Light in southwest area. Adults seen in Oregon County. This is a new county record. (Craig). NEBRASKA - Adults of this corn pest ranged 2-9 per plant in 12 cornfields in Red Willow, Frontier, and Lincoln Counties. Pollination complete in most fields, silk feeding light. (Campbell, Aug. 9). Adults averaged 2 per corn plant in 65 fields in Dawson County; 19 fields lodged. Population heavier than in 1971. (Pruess, Mayo, Aug. 11). Current infestations ranged 0-20 per plant in 13 cornfields in Lancaster, Seward, Butler, Merrick, and Howard Counties and O-8 per plant in 9 fields in southern areas. Populations generally heavier in 1972 than last several years. (Keith, Berogan). SOUTH DAKOTA - Present in 200-acre corn- field near Oral, Fall River County. Averaged 1 adult per stalk in portions of field; averaged 4 adults per stalk in more heavily infested areas of field. (Jones). MICHIGAN - Adults taken from field corn at Schoolcraft Township, Kalamazoo County, August 14 by R.B. Bailey. Determined by D.K. Young. This is a new county record. (Sauer). INDIANA - D. virgifera adults taken in Benton County August 4 by R. Elliott and in Pulaski County August 8 by P. Lehker on corn grown for grain. These are new county records. Benton County is southernmost record of this pest in State. Surveys indicate counts up to 2 per plant in western Kosciusko County where pest not taken in 1971 and at only one site in 1970. (Turpin, Aug. 11). Specimen taken in Miami County by P. Lehker on August 16, 1972. This is a new county record. (Lehker). NORTHERN CORN ROOTWORM (Diabrotica longicornis) - INDIANA - Twenty-five plants in each of 47 cornfields checked for this species. Adults averaged 0.65 (ranged 0-86) per 25 plants in 16 fields in west-central district; averaged 0.29 (ranged 0-30) per 25 stalks in 18 fields in central district; averaged 0.53 (ranged 0-82) per stalk in 13 fields in east-central district. (Meyer). NEW JERSEY - Adults ranged 8-10 per plant on field corn in Hunterdon and Warren Counties where corn followed corn. (Ins.-Dis. Newsltr.). CONCHUELA (Chlorochroa ligata) - TEXAS - Still infested sorghum in Knox, Haskell, McCulloch, and Tom Green Counties in Rolling Plains. Heavy, ranged 4-5 per head in several fields; ranged 30- 60 per head in many heads where heavy populations concentrated in areas of field. Present in scattered fields over South Plains; heaviest in Crosby County. Damaging in some fields near Plainview and Tulia in southern High Plains. (Boring et al., Aug. 11). SORGHUM MIDGE (Contarinia sorghicola) - TEXAS - Infested sorghum in Knox, McCulloch, Tom Green, and Jones Counties; 1-2 midges per head in blooming sorghum. Light in Hall County. Midge emergence continued light on South Plains. (Boring et al., Aug. 11). - 556 - ARKANSAS - Contarinia sorghicola increase continued, but most sorghum blooming and past damage. (Boyer, Aug. 11). TENNESSEE - Damaged late sorghum in western area. (Locke) . BANKS GRASS MITE (Oligonychus pratensis) - TEXAS - Light on grain sorghum in Midland County. Activity moderate to heavy in El Paso County. Still infesting sorghum in several counties around Potter County. (Neeb, Clymer, Aug. 11). OKLAHOMA - Heavy on sorghum in Caddo County. (Okla. Coop. Sur.). TWOSPOTTED SPIDER MITE (Tetranychus urticae) - COLORADO - Light to moderate on corn on Western Slope; occurred mostly on lower leaves. (Bulla). TURF, PASTURES, RANGELAND BLUEGRASS BILLBUG (Sphenophorus parvulus) - NEBRASKA —- In commercial bluegrass sod planting near Omaha, Douglas County, 74 adults, 7 larvae.and 2 pupae taken in sample of 5 square feet. (Kindler). FALL ARMYWORM (Spodoptera frugiperda) - GEORGIA - Very heavy on brown-top millet in Meriwether County. (Godowns). TWOLINED SPITTLEBUG (Prosapia bicincta) - GEORGIA - Heavy on Coastal Bermuda grass pastures in Madison County. (Welborn). FORAGE LEGUMES ALFALFA LEAF BLOTCH-MINER (Agromyza frontella) - MASSACHUSETTS - Mined 26 percent of leaflets in untreated, mature alfalfa stand in Hampshire County. In nearby treated stand, only 12.5 percent of leaflets mined. (Capinera). NEW HAMPSHIRE — Caused no Significant loss to second-cutting alfalfa. (Bowman, Aug. 17). MAINE - Infestation ranged 10-20 percent in alfalfa. (Gall). ALFALFA WEEVIL (Hypera postica) - OREGON - Larvae collected in large alfalfa field 4.5 miles north-northwest of Junction City, Lane County; 10 taken June 16 and 8 taken June 22. This is a new county record. (Ritcher). COLORADO - Larvae increased on alfalfa in many areas of Arkansas Valley, ranged O-800 per 100 sweeps; damage negligible in most cases. (Schweissing). OHIO - Larval counts may increase in northern two-thirds of State during September but no economic damage to alfalfa expected. Mature adults have been collected in Knox, Wayne, Wood, Hancock, Allen, and Pickaway Counties. Egg counts 14 per square foot in Pickaway County and 71 per square foot in Hancock County. (Flessel). PEA LEAF WEEVIL (Sitona lineatus) - WASHINGTON - Adults heavily damaged alfalfa and late-planted garden peas at Pullman, Whitman County. (Telford). PEA APHID (Acyrthosiphon pisum) - COLORADO - Populations in alfalfa varied in Arkansas Valley, ranged 0-3,500 per 100 sweeps. Damage not evident in fields checked. (Schweissing). NEVADA - Ranged 15-25 per sweep on alfalfa, heavily parasitized by Aphidius sp., in northwest Humboldt County. (Martinelli, Rowe). ARMYWORMS - WASHINGTON - Unspecified species reported on seed alfalfa north of Pasco, Franklin County, in CEIR 22(30) :477 determined as Amathes c-nigrum (spotted cutworm), Spodoptera - 507 - exigua (beet armyworm), and Peridroma saucia (variegated cutworm) ; bulk of infestation confirmed as Mamestra configurata (bertha armyworm). Determined by M.R. Gardner and R.E. Somerby. (Johansen). GRASSHOPPERS — WISCONSIN - Populations unchanged. Absence of first instars in alfalfa indicates prolonged hatch of Melanoplus femurrubrum completed. Diseased specimen exhibiting symptoms resembling Empusa grylli (a fungus) observed in roadside grass in southern Dane County. Decrease in grasshopper numbers, due to unknown causes, noted in one area of Dane County. Damage by M. femurrubrum currently of little concern due to lush growth of Aithaita NAS Cinise Sue). SOYBEANS MEXICAN BEAN BEETLE (Epilachna varivestis) - MARYLAND - Adults present in many Eastern Shore fields but feeding and egg laying noneconomic to date. Expected to increase during late August. CUS eMdes ernie Dept). BEAN LEAF BEETLE (Cerotoma trifurcata) - ALABAMA —- Adults heavy and leaf feeding evident in 2 Wilcox County soybean fields August 10. Occasionally found in Sumter and Butler Counties. (Henderson, Farquhar). GREEN CLOVERWORM (Plathypena scabra) - KENTUCKY - Larvae per 360 row feet of soybeans averaged 12 in Caldwell County, 61 in Hickman County. (Barnett, Raney). PEANUTS REDNECKED PEANUTWORM (Stegasta bosqueella) - OKLAHOMA - Ranged light to moderate in dryland and irrigated peanuts in Caddo Counity (Okla. 9 Coop. = Sur. kh LESSER CORNSTALK BORER (Elasmopalpus lignosellus) - TEXAS - Increased rapidly in peanuts in Cross Timbers area near Stephen- ville. Small larvae in fields in Gorman and De Leon areas. Continued heavy in sandy, dryland areas. (Hoelscher). GRANULATE CUTWORM (Feltia subterranea) - ALABAMA - Heavy in many peanut fields in several southeast counties. (Walton et al.). COTTON BOLL WEEVIL (Anthonomus grandis) - TENNESSEE - Punctured squares ranged 4-97 percent. Second-generation "hatchout" expected by August 27 in older cotton. Migration to lightly infested and noninfested fields underway. Control with ground equipment very difficult in rank cotton. Conditions remain ideal for further increase. (Locke). SOUTH CAROLINA - Larval infestations in Florence area ranged O-3 percent in treated plots, 4-18 percent in control plots. Adults per acre ranged 0-1,452 in treated plots, 1,867-4,900 in control plots. Populations remained low throughout area. Infestations increased rapidly in some fields due to emergence of second-generation adults. (Taft et al., Aug. 16). GEORGIA - Increased over southern area. (Womack, Barry, Aug. 11). | Up to 100 percent weevil punctured squares in some fields in | southern part of State where controls ended; 0-8 percent punctured squares in Crisp and Wilcox Counties. (Barry, Womack). ALABAMA - - 558 - Anthonomus grandis still heavy throughout south and central areas; generally 10-70 percent square infestation. Square damage 10-80 percent in most northern fields, including mountain area. Controls applied in most fields in extreme northern area. Controls delayed by rainy weather. Heavy weevil "“hatchouts" in northern cotton producing area during early August, resulted in very heavy populations in most fields. Most fields under control. Weevils in south and central areas feeding and laying eggs in ‘polls. (McQueen). LOUISIANA - Increase will continue for remain- der of season. (Tynes, Aug.14). In Madison Parish, punctured ‘squares found in 78 of 80 plots. Ranged 1-35 (averaged 7.2) per- cent in 78 plots. Punctured squares found in 3 of 4 fields; ranged 2-35 percent in infested fields. In Tensas Parish, punc- tured squares 2 percent in one field in area that received -diapause control in fall 1971. Infestation ranged 6-47 (averaged 18) percent in 4 fields in untreated area. (Cleveland et al.). ARKANSAS - A. grandis infestations showed marked increase in northeast areas. (Kimbrough). OKLAHOMA - Infestations ranged 10-30 percent in Washita and Caddo Counties, 5-22 percent in Bryan ‘County, 2-25 percent in Muskogee County, 4-22 percent in Wagoner County; averaged 10 percent in Marshall County. Reported light to moderate in Garvin County. Ranged 0-3 percent in Tipton area, Tillman County. (Okla. Coop. Sur.). BOLLWORMS (Heliothis spp.) - TENNESSEE - H. zea increased ‘rapidly over western area. Egg and larval counts ranged 1-8 per (100 terminals in late cotton. Further increase expected. Eggs found down in plants as well as on the terminals. (Locke). SOUTH CAROLINA - Heliothis spp. moth activity and egg laying continued ‘to increase in Florence area. Larval damage increased to near total crop destruction in few unprotected fields. Larval infesta- tion ranged 1-18 percent in treated plots, 4-39 percent in ‘control plots. (Taft et al., Aug 16). GEORGIA - Counts per 100 ‘terminals by county: Crisp 11-62 eggs, 1-6 larvae; Wilcox 18-163 eggs, 2-11 larvae. (Nix, Hudson). Egg laying still heavy in ‘Southern areas with larval damaged bolls in some areas. (Womack, Barry). LOUISIANA - Activity increased Statewide. Eggs and larvae ‘abundant; applications should be kept on schedule. (Tynes, Aug. (14). In Madison Parish, damaged squares found in 66 of 80 plots; ‘Yanged 1-8 (averaged 3.4) percent in infested plots. Damaged ‘squares found in 3 of 4 fields; infestation 6 percent in each infested field. In Tensas Parish, damaged squares found in 3 of (5 fields; infestation 3 percent in one field, 1 percent in each jof 2 fields. (Cleveland et al.). ‘ARKANSAS - H. zea moths ranged 100-280 per night in light traps at Pickens, Desha County. Moths less than 30 per 0.5 mile of sugar- line. Heliothis spp. eggs up to 80 and larvae up to 84 per 100 terminals in southeast area. These counts correlate with moth ‘catches at Pickens. (Boyer, Lincoln, Aug. 11). H. zea Moths peaked in light trap in Desha County August 6 when 724 moths taken. (Holloway). Moths continued active in southeast; increased in areas farther north. At Marianna, Lee County, 43 moths taken ‘in light trap August 6 and 75 taken August 9. Only 7 moths on ‘cotton and 4 on soybeans observed night of August 8 on 0.5 mile | - 559 - | ‘ sugarline in Lee County. (Sterling). OKLAHOMA - H. zea percent damaged square counts by county ranged 5-40 in Bryan, 1-12 in Muskogee, 1-10 in Wagoner. Eggs ranged 0-78 per 100 terminals in Bryan County, 0-9 in Muskogee County, 1-6 in Wagoner County. Larvae ranged 0-13 per 100 terminals in Bryan County, O-5 in Muskogee County, 1-6 in Wagoner County. Damaged squares averaged 8 percent in Marshall County, less than 1 percent in Tillman County. Reported light in Washita, Caddo, and Garvin Counties. (Okla. Coop. Sur.). ARIZONA - H. zea light with very little damage in Graham County. (Pearson, Sears). CALIFORNIA - H. zea moved into cotton fields rapidly in Kern County. Counts ranged 8-25 per 100 plants generally; ranged 35-50 per 100 plants locally. Moth flights peaked about August 7. (Cal. Coop. Rpt.). LYGUS BUGS (Lygus spp.) - CALIFORNIA - Heavy influxes into cotton © resulted from alfalfa hay cutting near cotton fields. Many bolls show black spotting. Problems occurred from Tulare County south. (Gal SiCoopee pitt: )i: TOBACCO TOBACCO FLEA BEETLE (Epitrix hirtipennis) - KENTUCKY - Adults averaged 6 per plant in Caldwell County, 10 in Christian County. Averaged 1.2 per leaf in Grant County, 1.1 in Harrison County, and 1.3 in Henry County. Tobacco showed minor damage in Fayette, Owen, and Nicholas Counties. Light damage observed in Scott County, light to medium in Robertson County. Population light this year, but began to increase slowly past 7 days. This slow increase expected to continue until harvest. (Barnett). GRASSHOPPERS - KENTUCKY - Caused minor damage to tobacco in Nicholas and Nelson Counties. Damage evenly distributed over fields, not confined to borders. (Barnett). MISCELLANEOUS FIELD CROPS SUNFLOWER MOTH (Homoeosoma electellum) - NEBRASKA - Larvae, [ second instar to full grown, ranged 5-25 per sunflower head in | several fields near Schuyler, Colfax County. (Keith, Kantor, Aug. 9). IOWA - Infested up to 95 percent of heads in Polk County sunflower field. Larvae ranged 3-13 (averaged 7) per head. (Iowa Ins. Sur., Aug. 11). POTATOES, TOMATOES, PEPPERS COLORADO POTATO BEETLE (Leptinotarsa decemlineata) - MAINE - Larvae and second-generation adults reported in plots on Aroostool| Farm in Aroostook County. Small populations in many other potatoe fields throughout central area. (Gall, Aug. 11). NEW HAMPSHIRE - Adults and larvae caused heavy damage at Dover on unsprayed egg plants. Potatoes in same plot destroyed previously, tomato loss expected. (Bowman). MARYLAND - New generation of larvae damaged tomatoes at several locations in Harford County. (U. Md., Ent. Dept.). VARIEGATED CUTWORM (Peridroma saucia) - MAINE -— Continued threat in many central area potato fields. Larvae ranged up to full grown. Few dead larvae found in unsprayed fields. Growers should continue to check fields for larvae and damage to potatoes. (Gallit, Auer § ILL) ) 4 l ! / - 560 - GREEN PEACH APHID (Myzus persicae) - MAINE - Winged aphids and aphids with wing pads continued very common in potato fields ‘in Aroostook County. Leaf roll noted on scattered plants; growers should keep watch on fields. (Gall). BEANS AND PEAS ‘MEXICAN BEAN BEETLE (Epilachna varivestis) - WEST VIRGINIA - Adults and larvae caused 90 percent damage to unsprayed green beans in Fayette and Kanawaha Counties. (Hacker). BEAN APHID (Aphis fabae) - MICHIGAN - Built up on all types of ‘beans in all areas of State. Growers advised to check fields and take necessary action. (Sauer). LESSER CORNSTALK BORER (Elasmopalpus lignosellus) - GEORGIA - Ranged light to heavy on peas and lima beans in southwest area. (Rogers et al., Aug. 11). EUROPEAN CORN BORER (Ostrinia nubilalis) - GEORGIA - Damaged peas in Spalding County. (Dupree). Ranged light to moderate on peas in southwest area. (Wheeler, French, Aug. 11). DETECTION New State Record —- A REDUVIID BUG (Ectomocoris biguttulus) - HAWAII - Oahu. (p. 567). This is also a new United States record, but the species is not known to occur in the continental U.S. New County Records - ALFALFA WEEVIL (Hypera postica) OREGON - Lane (p. 557). ELM LEAF BEETLE (Pyrrhalta luteola) NEW MEXICO - Harding (p. 563). MIMOSA WEBWORM (Homadaula anisocentra) OKLAHOMA - Marshall (p. 563). SPRUCE BUD SCALE (Physokermes piceae) OREGON - Marion, Polk (p. 562). WESTERN CORN ROOTWORM (Diabrotica virgifera) MISSOURI - Oregon. MICHIGAN - Kalamazoo. INDIANA - Benton, Pulaski, Miami (p. 556). CORRECTIONS CEIR 22(30):481 - New State Records - "ALFALFA LEAF BLOTCH-MINER (Agromyza fontella) ..."' should read "... (Agromyza frontella)" CEIR 22(31):499 - FORAGE LEGUMES - "PEA LEAF WEEVIL (Sitona fimeata) ..." should read " ... (Sitona lineatus) ..." CEIR 22(32):529 - Line 9: "... I. julis emerged. (Sauer)." should Peer te ls emerced. (Sauer). CEIR 22 (32) :529 — GRASSHOPPERS - Line 16: '... and I. strenua at eacson City ,o...'' Should read i"... T. strenua at Carson City, CEIR 22(32):530 - GYPSY MOTH (Porthetria dispar) - TENNESSEE - ™.-. Camp ground at Regean Forge, ..."" should read "... camp ground at Pigeon Forge, ..." =256e= DECIDUOUS FRUITS AND NUTS REDHUMPED CATERPILLAR (Schizura concinna) - WASHINGTON - Heavy defoliation of unsprayed apples and crab apples still reported in Pullman, Whitman County; also, infesting chokecherry. Larval growth about completed, some early instars seen. (Harwood). ORIENTAL FRUIT MOTH (Grapholitha molesta) - OREGON - Increased in Jackson County peach orchards. Up to 120 adults per pheromone trap in 2 days. Flagging injury evident and larval damaged peaches easily found. (Berry, Larson). CODLING MOTH (Laspeyresia pomonella) - COLORADO - Emergence con- tinued in all areas with large numbers taken in Mesa County area. Catches ranged 10-30 per pheromone trap per day in some heavier infested areas. (Bulla). MASSACHUSETTS - Moths averaged 1.5 per trap in sprayed orchard, 1 per trap in abandoned orchard in Hampshire County. (Capinera, Aug. 11). APPLE MAGGOT (Rhagoletis pomonella) - MICHIGAN - Emergence peaked, ° egg laying continued. Oviposition and larval blemish or deformed fruit easily seen in abandoned and poorly managed orchards. Larvae found in infested fruit, especially early varieties. (Sauer). EUROPEAN RED MITE (Panonychus ulmi) - MASSACHUSETTS - Average per | leaf on untreated Red Delicious and McIntosh varieties respectively in Hampshire County: Eggs 85 and 89; adults 33 each. (Blyth). FALL WEBWORM (Hyphantria cunea) - ALABAMA - Increased in unsprayed orchards in Washington, Wilcox, Houston, Geneva, Covington, and Henry Counties, (McQueen). TEXAS - Continued damaging pecans in Wilbarger and Wichita Counties in Rolling Plains, and in Brazos, Grimes, Waller, and Fort Bend Counties in Southeast. (Boring, Green, Aug. 11). BLACK PECAN APHID (Tinocallis caryaefoliae) - TEXAS - Moderate to heavy on pecans in Pecos, Reeves, Ward, Winkler, Midland, and Glasscock Counties. (Neeb, Aug. 11). ORNAMENTALS SPRUCE BUD SCALE (Physokermes piceae) - OREGON - Moderate. on specimen Black Hills spruce in Salem, Marion County. Tree imported 15 years ago. Young scales mostly on undersides of needles. Also found on large Colorado Blue spruce in West Salem, Polk County. These are new county records. (Westcott, Long). GARDEN SYMPHYLAN (Scutigerella immaculata) - OREGON - Caused severe damage to 4-acre planting of rhododendron in Portland area, Multnomah County. Controls applied. (Nicolaison). FOREST AND SHADE TREES DOUGLAS FIR TUSSOCK MOTH (Hemerocampa pseudotsugata) - OREGON - Reached epidemic levels on about 130,000 acres of fir in parts of Grant, Umatilla, Union, and Wallowa Counties, extending into Washington. Tree mortality seen in local areas. Larvae severe problem to logging operations, many loggers experienced severe reactions from urticating hairs of larvae. Pupation occurred and - 562 - me emergence seen. (Dolph, Gresbrink). WASHINGTON - Larvae used serious damage to some white fir, tamarack, and other for- st plants at Dayton, Columbia County. (Sunderland, Telford). hte larvae, prepupae, and pupae found on spruce at Puyallup, ierce County. Severe defoliation reported. (Collman). JUTHERN PINE BEETLE (Dendroctonus frontalis) - WEST VIRGINIA - ults, pupae, and larvae taken from pitch pine, 175-200 trees astroyed or dying because of pest in association with blue stain angus. This is first record of insect in State since 1882. pllected August 18, 1972, in Kanawha State Forest, Kanawha County, y J.D. Hacker. Determined by A.E. Cole and J.D. Hacker. (Hacker). LM LEAF BEETLE (Pyrrhalta luteola) - NEW MEXICO - Medium to heavy n elm trees in Grant and Sierra Counties. Many trees completely foliated, appear dead. Damaged elm trees in Roy and Mosquera, arding County. This is a new county record. (Hare). ARGER ELM LEAF BEETLE (Monocesta coryli) - GEORGIA - Caused up o 100 percent defoliation of elms in Greene, Lincoln, Wilkes, asper, Spalding, Oglethorpe, Madison, and Clarke Counties. ppears heavier in lowlands than in highlands. (Smith). BAMA - Larvae practically defoliated numerous large elms along major creeks in Chambers and Lee Counties. (McQueen). ES ARIABLE OAKLEAF CATERPILLAR (Heterocampa manteo) - MISSOURI - dults appeared at lights in central part of State. Main flight xpected in 7-14 days. Larvae expected to be heavy over much of ‘entral Ozark region this season. Controls recommended only on ‘oung ornamental oak plantings. (Craig). [IMOSA WEBWORM (Homadaula anisocentra) - OKLAHOMA - Second-genera-— sion adults seen at Lights in Payne County. Heavy in Oklahoma tounty. Larvae infested 60 percent of mimosa trees checked in larshall County. This is a new county record. (Okla. Coop. Sur.). JALKINGSTICK (Diapheromera femorata) - MISSOURI - Nymphs heavy on shade trees in Lake of the Ozarks region. (Munson). {AN AND ANIMALS 3CREWWORM (Cochliomyia hominivorax) - Total of 3,405 confirmed tases reported in continental U.S. during period August 6-12 as Follows: Texas 3,253; New Mexico 62; Arizona 70; California 1; Jklahoma 18; Arkansas 1. Screwworm cases reported from 215 Texas sounties this period compared to 211 counties last period. Total of 1,000 cases confirmed in Mexico August 6-12. Number of sterile Flies released in U.S. this period totaled 168,860,000 as follows: Texas 146,940,000; New Mexico 5,260,000; Arizona 15,010,000; California 850,000; Arkansas 800,000. Total of 27,796,000 sterile ‘flies released in Mexico. (Anim, Health). ‘FACE FLY (Musca autumnalis) - PENNSYLVANIA - Averaged 15 per cow on 25 Holsteins and 30 per cow on 40 Jerseys on pasture in James-— ‘town, Mercer County. (Ode). OHIO - Averaged 25+ per face on Guernsey and Black Angus cattle in Preble and Brown Counties, 13 in Fayette County; on Holsteins, 18 in Stark and 12 in Wayne Counties. (Fox, Heller). KENTUCKY - Average by county per head of ‘cattle: 21.3 on various breeds in Owen County, 28 on Holsteins ain Scott County, 12.4 on Herefords in Nelson County, 2.8 on - 563 - wat various breeds in Larue County, 22.6 on various breeds in Henry County, 19.3 on various breeds in Robertson County, 25.6 on Charolais in Harrison County. (Barnett). WISCONSIN - Light to moderate on cattle in most counties; heavy in Richland County. (Wis. Ins. Sur.). SOUTH DAKOTA - Counts per head on untreated cattle in northern Moody County August 5: Cows 5-30 (averaged 20), calves 0-12 (averaged 6), bulls 20 per head; counts August 1 ranged 7-25 (averaged 9) on cows, 0-8 (averaged 5) on calves, wit 15 per head on bulls. (DelFosse). NEBRASKA - Increased on canyon — and river valley herds in Keith and Lincoln Counties. Ranged 16-1 per face on untreated animals, 7-8 per face where dust bags used. (Campbell, Aug. 11). UTAH - Annoyed horses and cattle in many Cache, Box Elder, and Weber County localities. (Knowlton). HORN FLY (Haematobia irritans) - OHIO - Counts low, 2-3 per side, on 10-20 percent of Holstein cows examined in Stark and Wayne Counties. On beef cattle, ranged 45-250+ per side in Fayette County, averaged 80 per side in Brown County. (Fox). FLORIDA - Light, averaged 34 per animal, on dairy cows at Gainesville, ot Alachua County. (Fla. Coop. Sur.). WISCONSIN - Light to moderate - on treated dairy cattle in all areas. (Wis. Ins. Sur.). SOUTH DAKOTA - Counts per side on untreated cattle in northern Moody County August 5: Cows 300-900 (averaged 600), calves 2-20 (averaged 10), bulls 125 per head; counts August 10 ranged 200-650 (averaged 500) on cows, 1-10 (averaged 6) on calves, with || 900 per side on bulls. (DelFosse). NEBRASKA - Ranged 500-2,000 per head on several untreated range herds in Keith and Lincoln Counties. (Keith, Aug. 11). OKLAHOMA - Ranged 200-300 per head on cattle in Marshall County. Heavy in Garvin County and moderate in Pawnee County. (Okla. Coop. Sur.). STABLE FLY (Stomoxys calcitrans) - NEBRASKA - Ranged 15-20 per leg, on untreated feedlot animals in Keith and Lincoln Counties. (Campbell, McEvoy, Aug. 11). WISCONSIN - No annoyance to cattle in Outagamie County, light in Chippewa County, moderate in Rock County, severe in Columbia County. Controls underway in all areas. Annoyance to man reported from Vilas,Walworth, Jefferson, Fond du Lac, and Bayfield Counties. (Wis. Ins. Sur.). MOSQUITOES - MINNESOTA —- Annoyance acute in Hennepin, Anoka, Scott, Dakota, Ramsey, and Washington Counties due to hot, humid weather which promoted mosquito flight. (Minn. Pest Rpt.). WISCONSIN - Biting increased past 14 days. Problem populations reported in Walworth, Calumet, Richland, Washburn, Dane, and Trempealeau Counties. Populations light in Vilas County, probably due to cooler temperatures. (Wis. Ins. Sur.). NEBRASKA - Aedes vexans ranged 100-150 per head on river bottom herds pastured in Keith and Lincoln Counties. (Campbell, McEvoy, Aug. 11). UTAH - Mosquitoes very annoying at Brigham City, Corinne, Locomotive Springs, and other localities in Box Elder County. (Knowlton, Lindsay). BENEFICIAL INSECTS LADY BEETLES - KANSAS - Stethorus sp. adults averaged 4 per leaf on ornamental sumac infested with spider mites; larvae and pupae present. Spider mites reduced to low level by this predator. Hippodamia convergens adults ranged 2-60 per 10 sweeps in alfalfa infested with Therioaphis maculata (spotted alfalfa aphid) in - 564 - egdwick and Reno Counties; H. convergens larvae ranged 0-70 per 0 sweeps. (Bell, Aug. 11). : . ‘REEN LACEWINGS (Chrysopa spp.) - OKLAHOMA - Eggs averaged 100,000 jer acre in cotton checked in Tillman County, 1 per leaf in >. County. Heavy in sorghum in Beaver County. (Okla. Coop. ie.) . i EDERAL AND STATE PLANT PROTECTION PROGRAMS ‘OMSTOCK MEALYBUG (Pseudococcus comstocki) - CALIFORNIA - Treat— ient within Porterville, Tulare County, and in commercial citrus yrogressing. Survey negative in Exeter and Lindsay areas. Mortal- ty 100 percent on mulberry in Lindsay area after second control Beeacstson on 205 properties. (Cal. Coop. Rpt.). }UROPEAN CRANE FLY (Tipula paludosa) - WASHINGTON - Pupae first ound August 8 at Lynden, Whatcom County. More extensive sampling sugust 9 at same locality showed 6 percent pupation, remainder varvae. (Jackson). iRASSHOPPERS - NEBRASKA - Melanoplus spp. heavy, ranged 7-30 per square yard, in field margins and roadside ditches at scattered locations in Seward and Merrick Counties. (Berogan). NEW MEXICO - irasshoppers noneconomic on rangeland in Grant and Hidalgo Coun- ties. Surveys incomplete in Dona Ana, Luna, and Sierra Counties. (Hare). UTAH - Infestations spotty in many range areas in Box Yider County; moved into some alfalfa in Fielding area. (Knowlton, uindsay). NEVADA - M. sanguinipes and M. bivittatus,third instar to adult, ranged 5-6 per square yard along margins, at Happy ‘amp, Humboldt County. (Martinelli, Rowe). WASHINGTON - Heavy sutbreak, near 100 per square yard, on about 15,000 acres in spokane County. M. sanguinipes, M. bivittatus, Melanoplus spp., Jjamnula pellucida, and other banded-winged species dominant. ipparently hatched on scabland and range areas and flew in to lamage small grains and forage crops. (Kelsey, Telford). TYPSY MOTH (Porthetria dispar) - MARYLAND - Six egg masses and 5 yupae taken in Cecil County. Confirmed by R. Altman and D. Raine. Jumerous male moths trapped earlier in infested area. GUEe Md", int. Dept.). WEST VIRGINIA - Male moths taken in sex-lure traps xy A.E. Tustin as follows: Berkeley and Hampshire Counties iugust 9, determined by E.L. Todd; Jefferson County August 10, letermined by D.M. Weisman. (Hacker). Until further survey and ‘mvestigations are completed to verify the nature of these situa- sions, they will be considered as regulatory incidents. (PP). JHIO - Seven male moths taken in sex-lure traps behind travel trailer and mobile home storage and sales yard in Lorain County. Jetermined by E.L. Todd. Scouting for egg masses underway. (Roach). Intil further survey and investigations are completed to verify she nature of this situation, it will be considered as a regula- sory incident. (PP). JAPANESE BEETLE (Popillia japonica) - PENNSYLVANIA - Total of 1,282 adults collected in 16 bait traps in one locality at State Yollege, Centre County. (Adams). Adults caused serious damage to various ornamentals in Darlington, Beaver County. (Carter). Adult infestation noted on 4 to 5-foot corn in Jamestown, Mercer County. (Ode). WEST VIRGINIA - Adult damage generally light this season; t - 565 - . some reports of heavy damage to unsprayed gardens and ornamental plants. (Hacker). VIRGINIA - Light to medium on corn silks in lt Augusta, Rockingham, and Rockbridge Counties. Damage seems less ~ than in past years. (Allen). | PINK BOLLWORM (Pectinophora gossypiella) - ARIZONA - Increased controls applied to many fields in Graham County. (Pearson, | Sears). Infestations mostly under 5 percent in treated fields in Yuma Valley, Yuma County. (McHenry). / WESTERN GRAPELEAF SKELETONIZER (Harrisina brillians) - CALIFORNIA-) No active infestations in core area or buffer zone in Siskiyou | County. All known infested areas have received 3 treatments; 2 | additional treatments schedules for core area. Results of program | considered good. Treatment and survey continued at San Jose, Santa Clara County; live specimens still present. (Cal. Coop. Rpts | Weather of the week continued from page 552. TEMPERATURE: Persistent southerly flow of moist tropical air kept! maximum temperatures in the 90s over most of mid-America. The i mercury at Bismarck, North Dakota, reached 100 degrees Tuesday and Philip, South Dakota, recorded 101 degrees Thursday. The 90- degree heat spread eastward and by Thursday covered all of Indiana and western Ohio. High humidity made sweltering heat more> uncomfortable. Nighttime temperatures remained in the high 60s and 70s. While hot humid weather persisted over the Great Plains and Deep South, cool air slipping down from Canada brought early autumn weather to the Northeast with maximums in the 60's and low) 70's from Maryland to Maine by Thursday. Torrid weather continued | in the southwestern deserts with maximums exceeding 100 degrees on most afternoons. Onshore ocean breezes in the Pacific Northwest kept daytime temperatures along the coast in the 60's. Inland area in the Northwest were comfortably warm. Tropical heat persisted over much of mid-America over the weekend. Maximums generally reached the high 80's and low 90's. Minneapolis, Minnesota, reg- istered 97 degrees Sunday afternoon, High humidity made heat feel) more uncomfortable. Cooler air from Canada caused a relatively pleasant weekend in the Northeast. Temperatures averaged below normal west of the Rocky Mountains, over the southern Rockies and high Plains of Texas, and along the Atlantic coast. Parts of California averaged 6 to 10 degrees cooler than normal. In con- trast, much of the northern Great Plains averaged 6 to 10 degrees: warmer than normal. { | - 566 - | HAWAII INSECT REPORT New State Record - Five specimens of a REDUVIID BUG (Ectomocoris biguttulus Stal) taken on 3 occasions in light traps at Hickam Bir Force Base, Oahu. Two on August 20, 1971, one during November 1971, and 2 additional specimens on August 1, 1972. Distribution Baciudes southeast Asia. Determined by R.C. Froeschner | (Shiroma) . Corn - CORN EARWORM (Heliothis zea) severe in 6 acres of sweet Gorn at Pupukea, Oahu; 100 percent of mature ears with 1+ larvae. Trace in 2 acres of same crop at Waialua; less than 5 percent of ears with early instar larvae. Intensive chemical control practiced in both plantings. (Kawamura). Bencral Vegetables - BEET ARMYWORM (Spodoptera exigua) and CABBAGE TOOPER (Trichoplusia ni) larvae light to moderate in 2 acres of proccoli at Waialua, Oahu; damage light. All stages of GREENHOUSE WHITEFLY (Trialeurodes vaporariorum) light on young terminal leaves in 0.25 acre of greenhouse tomato at Pupukea, Oahu. Larval | mines of LEAFMINER FLIES (Liriomyza spp.) moderate in older leaves; BROAD MITE (Polyphagotarsonemus latus) generally trace, sporadic, and heavy on few isolated plants. (Kawamura). Fruits and Nuts - COCONUT LEAFROLLER (Hedylepta blackburni) Yemained Severe on about 1,000 coconut trees used to landscape Yesort area at Kahuku, Oahu; all except young terminal fronds appear free from damage. Trace number of a hymenopterous parasite ‘eocoon noted in few fluted pinnae. TAHITIAN COCONUT WEEVIL (Diocalandra taitensis) larvae and adults moderate on fronds of coconut trees in residential area at Kailua, Oahu;.damage light to moderate. (Kawamura). Ornamentals - WESTERN FLOWER THRIPS (Frankliniella occidentalis) ‘Mymphs and adults light to moderate in flower heads in 0.5 acre of chrysanthemum at Kahaluu, Oahu; approximately 10-15 percent of flowers severely affected. (Kawamura). Beneficial Insects - Large numbers of a TRICHOGRAMMATID (Oligosita sp.) emerged from eggs of Elimaea punctifera (a tettigoniid collected from anthuriums at Hilo, Hawaii, during November and December 1971. This is believed to be first report in Hawaii of an Oligosita emerging from eggs of a tettigoniid. (Matayoshi). ‘Miscellaneous Pests - GIANT AFRICAN SNAIL (Achatina fulica) - On Hawaii, second of 3 planned aerial drops of snail bait made at Kona. Total of 10,000 pounds of bait applied over area of about 60 acres. On Kauai, one large specimen found at Koloa, about 3 ‘miles north of Beda infestation; poison bait applied at this and “surrounding residences. Surveillance continued at Poipu and Wahiawa, ‘with light hand baiting at Wahiawa. Aerial drops of snail bait | planned for coming winter season at Poipu. 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GL6T “se ysnsny vdsn “e0fAteg uoT{Oedsuy Y4yTBveH JUeTd pues TeUTUY SuUBISOIg SUTJUBIENY pue uoT}0e}0I1q 4UBTd ZIB4g9 ya0ddng TeoTuyoey pue Aeaang 4seq 4q pezederg Ld raet'2 DIDjnNopM srydvorsay.], ~ PIUdy DyjDJ}y Pestods 4o uolNquisiq ; wie Ci Ce we, en ~ See ae noe eitemaer. 1 ASL, ee Ae ae san ee et ait ’ ae rita oe AN ACD @ aren aa38 > Tee Oo ReOS Bn RAN 2S IRE f NOCTASMTRAGAI a 223 Mie! & phy dead j DUT e ¥ oa j ~ fot RO a iyi 3 EE F2U STAV AS HY SrA Py BO a , gerry. sie * * ne, hy ot) . vy wy es ; *3 t iy ri) i i ue : > a me " 8 a - ae f “ yA U.S. DEPARTMENT OF AGRICULTURE HYATTSVILLE, MARYLAND 20782 POSTAGE AND FEES PAID OFFICIAL BUSINESS U.S. DEPARTMENT OF PENALTY FOR PRIVATE USE, $300 AGRICULTURE AGR 101 0004 SMINLISMIA122 34037 0001 SMITHSONIAN INSTITUTION LT aK= ARIES SMITHSONIAN INST WASHINGTON DC 20560 Mee No 3 September 1, 1972 eat : Cooperative Economic Insect Report Issued by PLANT PROTECTION AND QUARANTINE PROGRAMS ANIMAL AND PLANT HEALTH INSPECTION SERVICE US DEPARTMENT OF AGRICULTURE ANIMAL AND PLANT HEALTH INSPECTION SERVICE PLANT PROTECTION AND QUARANTINE PROGRAMS ECONOMIC INSECT SURVEY AND DETECTION STAFF The Cooperative Economic Insect Report is issued weekly as a service to American Agriculture. Its contents are compiled from information supplied by cooperating State, Federal, and industrial entomologists and other agricultural workers. In releasing this material the Service serves as a Clearing house and does not assume responsibility for ac- curacy of the material. All reports and inquiries pertaining to this release, including the mailing list, should be sent to: CEIR Economic Insect Survey and Detection Plant Protection and Quarantine Programs Animal and Plant Health Inspection Service United States Department of Agriculture Federal Center Building Hyattsville, Maryland 20782 Volume 22 September 1, 1972 Number 35 COOPERATIVE ECONOMIC INSECT REPORT HIGHLIGHTS Current Conditions CORN EARWORM damage to corn increased rapidly on Eastern Shore of Maryland. Moth flights increased in southeastern Virginia. (p. 573). SPOTTED ALFALFA APHID continued to increase and threaten seedling alfalfa in Arkansas Valley of Colorado. (p. 574). CORN ROOTWORMS heavier in west-central district and lighter in other districts of Minnesota than in 1971; however, populations in southeast district of State still heavy enough to cause problems in 1973. NORTHERN CORN ROOTWORM caused extensive silk damage in western and central Ohio. (p. 574). EUROPEAN CORN BORER adult flights increased throughout Eastern Shore of Maryland and in southern Wisconsin. (p. 575). GREEN CLOVERWORM heavy on some soybeans in Kentucky and Indiana, increased in Iowa. (p. 576). BANDEDWING WHITEFLY increased rapidly on cotton in central Alabama; increased in some areas of Mississippi. (p. 578). MOSQUITO collections in light traps highest on record in south- east Minnesota. (p. 582). Detection New State records include a GRASSHOPPER in Maine (p. 579), WESTERN CORN ROOTWORM in Idaho (p. 574), and a CICADELLID in Hawaii (p. 585). For new county records see page 579. |Special Reports Boll Weevil, Selected References 1970-1971. (pp. 589-594). Reports in this issue are for the week ending August 25 unless otherwise indicated. - 571 - CONTENTS Special Insects of Regional Significance...............2..0. hv eotd Insects Affecting Corn, Sorghum, Sugarcane....574 Miscellaneous Field Crops. .578 Sinewilil (Crees 4 4a45c0acc0bK0G ..o709 Potatoes, Tomatoes, Turf, Pastures, Rangeland...5795 IEINVESS coc coo oo oo ooo Ose 578 Forage Legumes.........e-eee- 576. :Cole: Crops s)he... 5 a. eee 579 SOWOSGBMS oo o0gopa0nogGa0008 -.o/6 General Vegetables......... 579 POAMUTES 56 goood n sooo ooo DO OOOO 577 Deciduous Fruits and Nuts..580 COO Gs oc Mem staletieuecienalioceius atom etsit DTT (CLELUS 60. so < 2) Sercncaenenemene on - 580 MODACCOrcdoacoocbooonavoga0e 578 Forest and Shade Trees..... 581 Man and Animals............ 981 DEES Cit LOM cere rac ey oocae ereo etal fistanisite eral or ele tenene) musi enomerene " suarisive econee MOSES 579 Bene facial OimSe CUS sey. stetere ote sete cree ee) oii clo) sis) or oe) e)ie) ch ohkee <) ORC meen 582 Federal and State Plant Protection Programs..............2.:ce:ee. 983 Hawaii: Insect Repor tisvs ab eececd cc, feire) ei st ise serie or 1S Sales sas aie) Seidel e ee om 585 Lights Dap iCol Lect vOn st. fata coos ice eee jc). e syssiay je sues) Soca eRemCa ROR 086 Boll Weevil, Selected References 1970-1971............+02--- .594 WEATHER OF THE WEEK ENDING AUGUST 28 Reprinted from Weekly Weather and Crop Bulletin supplied by Environmental Data Service, NOAA. PRECIPITATION: A cold, dry air mass pushed into the northern Great Plains early in the week. Showers and some locally severe thunderstorms occurred along the leading edge of the cold air. One of these dumped 1.30 inches of rain at St. Cloud, Minnesota, in 18 minutes Monday evening. At such intensity, rain does not fall as drops but as streams. Such downpours are called cloud- bursts. In general, light to heavy showers fell over a wide bank in the vicinity of the cold front which marked the leading edge of air dividing it from hot, humid air which cold dry air was replacing. Air mass thundershowers popped up in the warm, moist air that covered a large arca extending from the southern Great Plains to New England. Light showers also spotted the northern and central Rocky Mountains and the western edge of the central Great Plains. Generous showers fell over the eastern two-thirds of Kansas, western Missouri, southeastern Nebraska, and southwestern Iowa Thursday evening. The weekend brought widely scattered showers from southern California across the southern Rocky Mountains, the southern Great Plains, and the Deep South to the Atlantic Ocean; also from Minnesota and Iowa to southern New England. Amounts ranged widely from light sprinkles to an inch or more; Gainesville, Florida, received 9.61 inches in a 72-hour period ending Sunday morning. Most of the Great Basin received no rain during the week. Weather of the week continued on page 588. - 572 - SPECIAL INSECTS OF REGIONAL SIGNIFICANCE CORN EARWORM (Heliothis zea) — DELAWARE - Adults ranged 2-6 per night in Sussex County blacklight trap collections. Corn ear infestations still light. (Burbutis). MARYLAND - Damage levels increased rapidly. First and second instar larvae predominate; damaged ear counts ranged 20-80 percent. Infestations heaviest in Kent, Queen Annes, Dorchester, and Talbot Counties. (U. Md., Ent. Dept.). VIRGINIA - Infestations on field corn in Wythe, Pulaski, and Montgomery Counties averaged 7.3 percent of ears infested in 6 fields surveyed. (Allen, Surles). Moth flights increased sharply at Holland, Nansemond County, and at Independent City of Petersburg. Growers in nearby areas should expect damage to susceptible crops next 10-14 days. Crops should be checked on 3-4 day schedule to prevent damage. (Allen). GEORGIA - Light to heavy on sorghum and soybeans over southern area. Ranged O-8 per row foot on peanuts across peanut belt. (French). Damaged okra in Spalding County. (Tippins). MISSISSIPPI - Light, less than 1 per head, in Madison County grain sorghum. (Robinson). ARKANSAS - Increased on soybeans in all areas, but at economic levels in only few fields. Infestations occurred earlier than normal this year. (Boyer et al.). OKLAHOMA - Larvae in 10-65 percent of ears of field corn checked in Texas County; all stages noted. Ranged moderate to heavy in sorghum in Jackson County, especially in — fields adjoining cotton. Ranged 3-8 per plant in peanuts checked in Marshall County. (Okla. Coop. Sur.). MISSOURI - H. zea increased in sorghum in southeast area. Averaged 1 larva per head in some areas. (Jones). NEBRASKA - Unusually light in Dawson County; only 2 larvae observed in ears of 3,250 plants in 65 cornfields. (Pruess, Mayo). MINNESOTA - Infestation in corn averaged 20 percent in Wabasha County, 5 percent in Fillmore County, less than one percent in Winona and Houston Counties. (Minn. Pest Rpt.). UTAH - Very light in sweet corn in Cache County, very light to light in Box Elder County. (Knowlton). CORN LEAF APHID (Rhopalosiphum maidis) - MAINE - Continued to increase on most corn; averaged 100+ per plant. A fungus sharply reduced most R. maidis infestations that may have been severe. No treatments advised. (Gall). WISCONSIN - Heavy in some cornfields in northwestern counties. Mostly under husks on ears or under leaf Sheaths. Few exposed on or near silks. Predators (lady beetles, lacewing larvae, and syrphid larvae) heavy in every field surveyed. (Wis. Ins. Sur.). OKLAHOMA - Ranged 50-300 per terminal in 2 late-planted sorghum fields in Texas County. (Okla. Coop. Sur.). ARIZONA - Medium on sorghum in Pinal County. (Ariz. Coop. Sur.). GREENBUG (Schizaphis graminum) - OKLAHOMA - Moderate to heavy on sorghum in Jackson, Tillman, Caddo, and Washita Counties. Parasitism moderate to heavy in these counties also. Greenbug ranged 0-200 per plant in 2 fields and 0-30 per plant in 10 fields in Texas County. Light in Cimarron County. (Okla. Coop. Sur.). KANSAS - Usually none but occasionally very light in sorghum. In fields in Gray, Ford, Meade, Grant, Stanton, Morton, Stevens, Haskell, and Seward Counties, greenbug found in only one field in Gray County (3 per plant). In fields surveyed in Butler, Cowley, Sumner, Harvey, and Sedgwick Counties, infestations (up to 50 per plant) found only in southern Butler County. (Bell). SOUTH DAKOTA - Decreased to very low levels on corn. Few small colonies of 50 aphids per 100 plants on grain sorghum near Geddes, Charles Mix County. (Jones, Kantack, Aug. 18). - 573 - SPOTTED ALFALFA APHID (Therioaphis maculata) - NEVADA - Early infestation of 1 per 5 plants present on 80 acres of alfalfa in Diamond Valley, Eureka County. (Harms). COLORADO - Found on alfalfa in all areas of Arkansas Valley; continued to increase. Ranged 10-5,000 per 100 sweeps; threat to seedling alfalfa. Severe damage and loss can occur, even to resistant varieties, in seedling stage. (Schweissing). KANSAS - Ranged from none up to 250 per 10 sweeps in alfalfa surveyed in southwest counties; Gray, up to 250 per 10 sweeps; Stanton, up to 5; Morton, none; and Seward, none. Very light in alfalfa examined in Stafford County; up to 10 per 10 sweeps. (Bell). NORTH DAKOTA - Collected from alfalfa in Bowman and McKenzie Counties; averaged 2 and 12 per 100 sweeps respectively. These are new county records. (Brandvik). CORN, SORGHUM, SUGARCANE CORN ROOTWORMS (Diabrotica spp.) - OKLAHOMA - D. virgifera (western corn rootworm) adults still light in most corn in Texas County. Averaged less than 1 per plant in most fields; ranged 1-6 per plant in one field. (Okla. Coop. Sur.). OHIO - D. longicornis (northern corn rootworm) adults ranged 0-8 per silk on field corn in 5 western and 2 central counties. Extensive damage to silks noted in Mercer, Darke, and Marion Counties. Percent damage by county (3-4 fields): Darke 60-85, Mercer 71-90, Van Wert 24-32, Paulding 5-10, Defiance 25, Williams less than 5, Marion 45-60; Delaware 28 (1 field). (Fox). INDIANA - D. virgifera adults taken in Noble, Lagrange, Whitley, Wabash, Cass, Carroll, and Tippecanoe Counties. These are new county records. (Meyer). MINNESOTA - Annual Diabrotica spp. survey completed. Populations heavier in west-central district than in 1971. Preliminary figures show lighter populations in other districts. Two-thirds of counties in southeast district had lighter populations than 1971; however, 55 percent of these counties still have populations that will cause problems in 1973. Lodging generally light this year. Few severely lodged fields seen in southeast district after heavy rains and strong winds. Poor pollination also observed in some late-planted corn fields in southeast district. Silk feeding obvious in some fields. (Minn. Pest Rpt.). SOUTH DAKOTA = D. virgifera adults ranged 8-10 per plant in field of late corn south of Canton, Lincoln County. Similar counts found in corn near Garretson, Minnehaha County, and near Corsica, Douglas County. Adults ranged 2-3 per plant on late corn in northern Moody County field. (Jones, Kantack, Aug. LS) NORTH DAKOTA - D. undecimpunctata howardi (Southern corn root-— worm) adults, 1 per 100 plants, on corn in Bowman County. This is a new county record. (Brandvik). IDAHO - D. virgifera medium to heavy and damaged 6 acres of corn at Dayton, Franklin County. Collected July 27 by G.L. Cunningham. Determined by R.W. Portman. This is a new State record. (Portman). DUSKY SAP BEETLE (Carpophilus lugubris) - IDAHO - This species and Cryptarcha ampla (a sap beetle) collected August 10 from hybrid sweet corn at Nampa, Canyon County, by H.W. Homan. C. lugubris determined by L.R. Gillogly and C. ampla by W.F. Barr. These are new county records. (Portman). - 574 - EUROPEAN CORN BORER (Ostrinia nubilalis) - MINNESOTA - Second- generation moths very active during recent hot weather. Light trap collections increased at Shakopee and Worthington. Night- time temperatures ideal for egg laying past 7 days. Current moth activity and egg laying about nil due to cooler temperatures. Second generation not expected to cause serious damage to field corn this season. (Minn. Pest Rpt.). WISCONSIN —- Moth catches increased greatly in southern area blacklight traps last 7 days. Field dissections in Grant County showed only diapausing larvae and empty pupal cases. Emergence of first generation completed. First-generation larvae heavy in corn in Dunn, Pierce, St. Croix, Polk, Barron, and La Crosse Counties. Infested plants ranged 50-80 percent in fields surveyed. In some St. Croix County fields, 10 percent of stalks broken below ear. (Wis. Ins. Sur.). KANSAS — First-generation O. nubilalis moths continued to decrease in blacklight traps in Brown and Republic Counties. Significant flight now occurring in Sedgwick County; probably second-generation moths; 105 trapped August 21. Second~-generation pupa found in corn in Pottawatomie County. Late-planted corn in Brown County 5-95 percent infested with second-generation larvae. Late corn in Pottawatomie County 95 percent infested with 2-3 larvae per plant. Cornfield in Shawnee County 50 percent infested. Trace infestation found in cornfield in Stafford County. (Bell). MARYLAND — Adult flight increased throughout the Eastern Shore. Egg masses ranged 5-20 per 100 plants. Heaviest damage in no-till sweet corn with 20 percent infested ears. (U. Md., Ent. Dept.). BANKS .GRASS MITE (Oligonychus pratensis) - OKLAHOMA - Infested 7 of 11 cornfields checked in Texas County. Heavy (9-13 leaves) in 3 fields, one field moderate (2-6 leaves infested), and 3 fields light. Fields with heavy infestations in area from Guymon south and east toward Hitchland. Infested 5 of 11 sorghum fields; one moderate (6-9 leaves infested), others light (1-3 leaves infested). fOkla. Coop. Sur.)). TWOSPOTTED SPIDER MITE (Tetranychus urticae) - IDAHO - Caused severe damage to many Canyon County fields of sweet, silage, and seed corn by August 11. Many fields required controls for first time in many years by August 18. (Homan). SMALL GRAINS HESSIAN FLY (Mayetiola destructor) - MONTANA - Infested 30-50 percent of spring wheat plants in 200-acre field in Sheridan County. (Pratt). NORTH DAKOTA - Puparia averaged 4 per 100 tillers in field of spring wheat in Bowman County. (Brandvik). ENGLISH GRAIN APHID (Macrosiphum avenae) - MONTANA - Ranged 40-50 per head on 400 acres of spring wheat in Wibaux County. (Pratt, Aug. 18). TURF, PASTURES, RANGELAND FALL ARMYWORM (Spodoptera frugiperda) - MISSISSIPPI - Medium in 50 acres of millet in Walthall County. Also heavy in 100 acres and killing grass in some Bahia pastures and turf grazing crops. (Estess, Locke, Aug. 18). Current damage heavy to pasture grasses on 800 acres in Madison County and on 8 farms in Scott County. Athletic field grasses and several lawns destroyed in Madison County. (Robinson). - 575 - BLUEGRASS BILBUG (Sphenophorus parvulus) - NEBRASKA - Adults 69, larvae 9, and pupae 3, taken in 5 square feet of one Douglas County sodfield. (Kindler). FORAGE LEGUMES PEA APHID (Acyrthosiphon pisum) - IDAHO - Ranged from few to 5,000 per sweep in alfalfa; yields reduced in southern area. Many heavy damaging populations occurred in fields where organophosphate insecticides applied for alfalfa weevil control. Few predators and parasites present. (Portman et al.). KENTUCKY - Increased in certain areas of State. Averaged 1,000 per 100 sweeps of alfalfa at one Fayette County location. Predators relatively heavy. (Barnett). ALFALFA LEAF BLOTCH-MINER (Agromyza frontella) - MASSACHUSETTS - Infestation near 25 percent on 3-week-old alfalfa in Berkshire County. (Jensen). ALFALFA CATERPILLAR (Colias eurytheme) - IDAHO - Larvae, 60-80 per sweep, severely damaged alfalfa hay in 80-acre area in Elmore County. (Edwards). ALFALFA WEEVIL (Hypera postica) - NORTH DAKOTA - Still present in irrigated 12-inch, third-crop alfalfa in McKenzie County. Larvae ranged 65-95 (averaged 78) per 100 sweeps. Old and new adults present, 17 per 100 sweeps, in same fields. (Brandvik). BLACK BLISTER BEETLE (Epicauta pennsylvanica) -— WISCONSIN —- This species along with grasshoppers comprised total insect population in many alfalfa fields. This predator of grasshopper eggs most noticeable in Iowa and Sauk Counties; ranged 5-10 per 10 sweeps. Washi; nos oSura)/ GRASSHOPPERS - WISCONSIN - Still heavy in isolated alfalfa fields in Iowa, northern Grant, Monroe, Sauk, eastern Vernon, and La Crosse Counties. Feeding damage scarcely noticeable. (Wis. Ins Sure.) SOYBEANS MEXICAN BEAN BEETLE (Epilachna varivestis) - VIRGINIA - Generally light in 35 fields examined, except in 2 fields near economic level. On about 591 acres surveyed in Middlesex County, adults per 30 linear feet averaged 10.5 in no-till soybeans, 35.5 in conventionally planted soybeans. Most new adults; will begin egg laying soon, resulting in sharp increase in populations and subsequent defoliation. (Allen, Egan). KENTUCKY - Moderate to heavy on soybeans in western areas. Adults averaged 39 per 360 row feet. (Barnett, Raney). GREEN CLOVERWORM (Plathypena scabra) - KENTUCKY - Heavy on soy- beans in western areas. Larvae averaged 400 per 360 row feet. Very heavy in Hancock County, larvae averaged 5 per linear row foot in 100-acre field. Controls applied. Also heavy in Logan ‘County. (Barnett, Raney). INDIANA - Larvae of this species and adults of Epicauta vittata (striped blister beetle) heavy in two Jefferson County, Soybean fields. Controls applied. (Sanders). IOWA - P. scabra larval population increased, averaged 0.5 per Sweep, in Story County fields. Still below economic levels. (Iowa IMS 5 Swe), BEET ARMYWORM (Spodoptera exigua) - GEORGIA - Ranged light to heavy on soybeans throughout southern area. (French). BROWN STINK BUG (Euschistus servus) - KENTUCKY - This species and Acrosternum hilare (green stink bug) averaged 49 per 360 row feet of soybeans in western areas. (Barnett, Raney). PEANUTS REDNECKED PEANUTWORM (Stegasta bosqueella) - OKLAHOMA 7 Heavy in most peanut-growing areas of State this year, except light ine Love County. Currently ranged up to 82 per 100 terminals in fields checked in Caddo County. (Okla. Coop. Sur.). LESSER CORNSTALK BORER (Elasmopalpus lignosellus) - OKLAHOMA ze Infestations averaged 30 percent and 60 percent in 2 most heavily infested fields in southern Marshall County. (Okla. Coop. SiwHe , )). TWOSPOTTED SPIDER MITE (Tetranychus urticae) - MISSISSIPPI - Heavy infestations spreading over 40 percent of peanut acreage in Coahoma County. Many fields damaged, plants drying. (Robinson). COTTON BOLL WEEVIL (Anthonomus grandis) - TENNESSEE - Damaged squares ranged 2-57 percent in western area. Most cotton stopped squaring. (Locke, Patrick). In Tipton County, some fields have 100 percent punctured squares. In some cases, controls unsuccesful; however, if small bolls protected, good crop expected. (Gordon). SOUTH CAROLINA - Infestation levels in Florence area remained low. Larval infestations ranged 1-8 per- cent in treated plo”’s, 13-18 percent in control plots. Adults per acre ranged 0-764 in treated plots, 272-1,376 in control plots. (Taft et al., Aug. 23). GEORGIA - Percent punctured squares by county: Burke, rang2d up to 87, averaged 6; Dooly, ranged up to 50, averaged 5; Wilcox, ranged 0-18; Crisp, ranged O-7. (Barry et al.). MISSISSIPPI - Generally light over State. Heavy on plants that are squaring. Average percent punctured squares in selected counties: Bolivar 6 in "hot spots"; Grenada 14.9; Noxubee 4-8 in 1,000 acres; Covington 1.9; Lincoln 0.65; Jones 1.9. (Robinson). OKLAHOMA - Percent punctured squares by county: Wagoner 1-15, Muskogee 1-30, Bryan 1-44, Love 3-8, Grady 48-68 in Chickasha area, Tillman 3-36, Harmon 0-18; averaged 11, ranged up to 40, percent in Jackson County; averaged 10 percent in Marshall County. Light in Kiowa, Cotton, and Jefferson Counties. (Okla. Coop. Sur.). BOLLWORMS (Heliothis spp.) - TENNESSEE - H. zea damaged squares ranged 1-3 percent in western area. Larvae ranged 1-2 per 100 terminals. (Locke, Patrick). NORTH CAROLINA - H. zea heavy in some Robeson County fields near early maturing corn. Heavy damage restricted mostly to fields where improper controls made. (Williford). SOUTH CAROLINA - Heliothis spp. activity decreased in Florence area. Larval infestations ranged 2-32 percent in treated plots, 11-33 percent in control plots. Adults in 3 light traps: H. zea 243, H. virescens 7. (Taft et al., Aug. 23). GEORGIA - Counts per 100 terminals by county: Burke, ranged up to 30 larvae, averaged 3; Dooly, ranged up to 20 larvae, averaged '3; Wilcox, ranged 8-45 eggs and 0-9 larvae; Crisp, ranged 6-97 eggs and 0-29 larvae. (Hudson et al.). MISSISSIPPI - Egg laying continued moderate to heavy in most areas. Larval infestations light; control good. (Robinson). ARKANSAS - Adults moderate to - 577 - i light in extreme heavy in southeast, central, and southwest areas, ae easy area. H. virescens heavy in localized areas of southeast part of State. (Boyer). OKLAHOMA - Percent squares damaged by H. zea by county: Wagoner 1-6, Muskogee 1-8, Bryan 1-12, up to 40 inf Caddo and Washita, 8-20 in Grady, averaged 8 in Marshall and Love; southwest area 0-8. Eggs present in most areas; ranged 1-12 per 100 terminals except in Bryan County where counts up to 144 per 100 terminals found. (Okla. Coop. Sur.). ARIZONA - H. zea infesta- tions increased slightly in Graham and Yuma Counties. Treatment planned in Yuma County. (Ariz. Coop. Sur.). CABBAGE LOOPER (Trichoplusia ni) —- ALABAMA - Larvae feedjng on leaves throughout Southern and central areas and as far north as Marion County. Two fields in Elmore County show 65-70 percent defoliation. Virus disease reducing population in central part of State. Moth flights heavy in Dallas, Elmore, and other counties; eggs 100-300 per 100 stalk terminals. (Price et al.). NEW MEXICO - Damaged cotton foliage in Columbus area, Luna County > (NEME= Coop] Rpt). BANDEDWING WHITEFLY (Trialeurodes abutilonea) - ALABAMA - Exploding populations of mixed ages occurred in cotton in Elmore, Dallas, Lee, and Russell Counties. Infestations reported statewide. (McQueen). MISSISSIPPI - Increased slightly in some areas. Heaviest in field margins. Infestations by county: Madison, light in 250 acres; Rankin, spotty; Sunflower, light to moderate in 200 acres; Tallahatchie, very heavy on 300 acres, moderate on 600 acres. (Robinson). TOBACCO TOBACCO HORNWORM (Manduca sexta) - MARYLAND - Controls applied in most of 4,000 acres of Calvert County tobacco. Light to moderate outside this area. (U. Md., Ent. Dept.):; VARIEGATED CUTWORM (Peridroma saucia) - VIRGINIA - Severely damaged lower leaves in field of flue-cured tobacco in Chester- field County. (Allen, Jennings). TOBACCO FLEA BEETLE (Epitrix hirtipennis) - KENTUCKY - Adults heavy on tobacco in Madison County, averaged 1.9 per leaf. Generally lower than past years. (Barnett). MISCELLANEOUS FIELD CROPS SUNFLOWER MOTH (Homoeosoma electellum) - NEBRASKA - Larvae, 2-15 per head, infested 100 percent of sunflowers in late-planted field near Schuyler, Colfax County. (Keith et al.). POTATOES, TOMATOES, PEPPERS Potato Aphids in Maine - Average counts per plant (by 3-leaf method) for 150 plants in 6 plots of untreated potatoes at Aroostook Farm, Aroostook County: Aphis nasturtii (buckthorn aphid) 9.8; Myzus persicae (green peach aphid) 2-75; Macrosiphum euphorbiae (potato aphid) 0.7. Winged A. nasturtii general, including fall forms returning to buckthorn. Few winged M. persicae found; indicates some movement from field to field. Fungi still heavy on M. euphorbiae; some parasites still active. Limited top killing of plants begun in all areas. (Gall). - 578 - FALL ARMYWORM (Spodoptera frugiperda) - MONTANA — Ranged 5-8 per glant in 40-acre potato field at Waterloo, Madison County. (Pratt). | ! | | GENERAL VEGETABLES SOLE CROPS BEET ARMYWORM (Spodoptera exigua) - NEW MEXICO - This species and Trichoplusia ni (cabbage looper) problem in Dona Ana County lettuce fields. Controls applied. (N.M. Coop. Rpt.). SWEETPOTATO WEEVIL (Cylas formicarius elegantulus) - FLORIDA - Adults heavy in stems, roots, and fruits of sweetpotato in 8- acre planting at Grand Ridge, Jackson County. (Miller). ‘SPOTTED CUCUMBER BEETLE (Diabrotica undecimpunctata howardi) - OHIO - Adults very heavy on peppers, squash, melons, pumpkins, and cucumbers in Delaware County. Damage light to heavy on all : squash and melon leaves in one area. Lighter on Huron County cucumbers; feeding damage ranged from very light to moderate on ‘about every other leaf. Adults ranged 1-2 per plant on lima ‘beans in Huron County. (Fox). 4 EGGPLANT FLEA BEETLE (Epitrix fuscula) - OHIO - Heavy, adults ranged 6-25 per plant, on eggplants in Huron County. All leaves \damaged; about one-third appeared "peppered with shot." (Fox). DETECTION ! | H i] \ { 1 i) | } i i i! i i | i) q | 1 i i | | Al i i] | il ‘New State Records - A GRASSHOPPER (Metrioptera roeselii) - MAINE — Nymphs and adults common at Kittery, york County, July 9 and 12, and at York, York County, July 19. Collected and deter- mined by E.K. Ede. (Gall). A CICADELLID (Carneocephala sagittifera) - HAWAII - Hawaii Island (p. 585). WESTERN CORN ROOTWORM (Diabrotica virgifera) - IDAHO - Franklin County. (p. 574). New County Records - BROWN RECLUSE SPIDER (Loxosceles reclusa) = Fayette (p. 582). COMSTOCK MEALYBUG (Pseudococcus comstocki) CALIFORNIA - Kern (p. 583). DUSKY SAP BEETLE (Carpophilus lugubris) IDAHO - Canyon (p. 574). EULOPHID WASPS - Sympiesis viridula- INDIANA - Rush. Tetrastichus julis - ICHIGAN - Ioséo, Livingston, Oscoda (p. 582). FACE FLY (Musca -autumnalis) NORTH CAROLINA - Chatham (p. 581). MOSQUITOES - Aedes dorsalis, A. cantator, A. sollicitans, Culex tarsalis, Culiseta minnesotae - OHIO - Lorain (p. 582). RED IMPORTED FIRE ANT (Solenopsis invicta) MISSISSIPPI - Sunflower (p. 584). A SAP BEETLE (Cryptarcha ampla) IDAHO - Canyon (p. 574). SOUTHERN CORN ROOTWORM (Diabrotica undecimpunctata howardi) NORTH DAKOTA - | | Bowman (p. 574). SOYBEAN CYST NEMATODE (Heterodera glycines) MISSISSIPPI - Calhoun, Marshall. ILLINOIS - White. TENNESSEE - Lawrence (p. 584). SPOTTED ALFALFA APHID (Therioaphis maculata) NORTH DAKOTA - Bowman, McKenzie (p. 574). - 579 - DECIDUOUS FRUITS AND NUTS CODLING MOTH (Laspeyresia pomonella) - MARYLAND - First-genera- tion larvae emerged from apples in Washington, Frederick, and Carroll Counties. Second-generation eggs expected first 14 days in September. September populations expected to be controlled with scheduled treatments. (U. Md., Ent. Dept.). SHOTHOLE BORER (Scolytus rugulosus) - ALABAMA - Beetles, as secondary pests, became heavy and damaged several weak and dying apple trees in Lee and Randolph Counties. (Barwood). SAN JOSE SCALE (Quadraspidiotus perniciosus) - OREGON - Unusually heavy in Wasco County cherry orchards. In many orchards, dead twigs seen, especially in tops of trees. Summer controls suggested. (Thienes). EUROPEAN RED MITE (Panonychus ulmi) - MASSACHUSETTS - Built up rapidly in many orchards with onset of hot weather in Franklin, Hampshire, and Hampden Counties. (Jensen). FALL WEBWORM (Hyphantria cunea) - ALABAMA - Larvae unusually heavy in many Butler County pecan trees. (Morgan). PECAN WEEVIL (Curculio caryae)- ALABAMA - Damage seen in several pecan orchards in Bullock and Lowndes Counties. Some controls applied in Bullock County. (Stone, Gerald). CITRUS Insect Situation in Florida - Mid-August - CITRUS RUST MITE (Phyllocoptruta Oleivora) infested 78 (norm 65) percent of groves; economic in 65 (norm 51) percent. Population attained summer peak in mid-August and in high range and above normal on leaves and fruit. Although decrease expected, numerous groves will continue to have important infestations. All districts high. TEXAS CITRUS MITE (Eutetranychus banksi) infested 56 (norm 44) percent of groves; economic in 33 (norm 21) percent. Population decreased, still above normal and in moderate range. Rapid decrease to low level expected. Highest districts west, central, and east. CITRUS RED MITE (Panonychus citri) infested 20 (norm 45) percent of groves; economic is 6 (norm 22) percent. At lowest August level in 21 years of record. Will remain very low and of little impor- tance in all districts. BLACK SCALE (Saissetia oleae) infested 89 (norm 68) percent of groves; economic in 75 (norm 47) percent. Population decreased but still highest on record for August and in very high range. Gradual decrease expected. All districts are high, AN ARMORED SCALE (Unaspis citri) infested 38 (norm 27) percent of groves; economic in 27 percent, Population decreased from all-time high level reported last month, Slight temporary decrease expected. GLOVER SCALE (Lepidosaphes gloverii) infes- ted 76 (norm 64) percent of groves; economic in 5 (norm 14) percent. Population below normal and in moderate range. Decrease expected. Highest district north. PURPLE SCALE (L. beckii) infested 62 (norm 56) percent of groves; economic in 3 (norm 4) percent. Near normal abundance and in low to moderate range in all districts. Will decrease until October. YELLOW SCALE (Aonidiella citrina) infested 28 (norm 50) percent of groves; none economic (norm 6 percent). CHAFF SCALE (Parlatoria pergandii) infested 42 - 580 - ‘norm 46) percent of groves; none economic (norm 4 percent). These cales below normal and will occur only as light infestations. REEN SCALE (Coccus viridis) infested 24 percent of groves; conomic in 6 percent. Decreased and in low range. Population igher than any prior August on record. WHITEFLIES infested 77 ercent of groves; economic in 24 percent. Population of larval orm decreased,still in high range and above normal. Adult popula- ion also above normal and higher than larval population. Highest istricts east and west. MEALYBUG population dropped into low ange and will continue decrease. (W.A. Simanton (Citrus Expt. ta., Lake Alfred)). FOREST AND SHADE TREES LARGER ELM LEAF BEETLE (Monocesta coryli) - GEORGIA - New infes- tations found in Morgan, Monroe, and Butts Counties. Many elms infested along 25-mile front in 10 lower Piedmont counties from Spalding County to Lincoln County; defoliation usually 100 per- cent. (Smith). ALABAMA - Many large elms along 4 creeks in Elmore County defoliated. (McQueen). MIMOSA WEBWORM (Homadaula anisocentra) - KANSAS - Damage to mimosa and honeylocust unusually light in southeast district. Foliar damage generally severe in Manhattan, Riley County. Eggs, pupae, and large larvae abundant with some smaller larvae on honeylocust. (Bell). MAN AND ANIMALS SCREWWORM (Cochliomyia hominivorax) - Total of 4,272 confirmed cases reported in continental U.S. during period August 13-19 as follows: Texas 4,082; New Mexico 44; Arizona 101; Oklahoma 44; Colorado 1. Total of 1,082 cases confirmed in Mexico. Number of sterile flies released in U.S. this period totaled 204,608,000 as follows: Texas 169,220,000; New Mexico 8,960,000; Arizona 25,000,000; California 800,000; Arkansas 628,000. Total of 28,540,000 sterile flies released in Mexico. (Anim, Health). FACE FLY (Musca autumnalis) - NORTH CAROLINA - Ranged up to 10 per head on cattle near Pittsboro, Chatham County. This is a new county record and most eastern occurrence of this pest in State. (Falter). KENTUCKY - Average per animal on cattle by county: Madison 14.2 and Fayette 8.2. (Barnett). MISSISSIPPI - Averaged 5 per face on 300 treated cattle in Monroe County. (Combs) . MISSOURI - Ranged 5-31 (averaged 8.4) per head in northwest area. (Munson). MONTANA - Average counts per head on cattle: 4 in Billings area, Yellowstone County; 8 in Bozeman area, Gallatin County; J0 in Hamilton area, Ravalli County. Ranged 13-15 per head on horses in Bitter Root Valley. (Pratt, Aug. 18). HORN FLY (Haematobia irritans) - MISSISSIPPI - Ranged 100-125 per head on herd of 175 beef cattle in Montgomery County. (Robinson). MISSOURI - Ranged 70-365, averaged 237, per animal in northwest area. (Munson). OKLAHOMA - Ranged 60-100 per head on cattle in Payne County, 300-500 per head in Marshall County. Heavy in Oklahoma and Pontotoc Counties, moderate in Atoka County. (Okla. Coop. Sur.). NEBRASKA - Ranged 500-3,000 per head in 3 untreated range herds in Keith and Lincoln Counties. (Campbell, McEvoy). - 581 - poe ae a. STABLE FLY (Stomoxys calcitrans) - WISCONSIN - Light to moderate annoyance to treated dairy cattle in most areas. Annoyance to humans heavy in portions of Walworth, Bayfield, Waukesha, Jeffer- son, and Dane Counties. (Wis. Ins. Sur.). NEBRASKA - Averaged 20 per leg on untreated animals in 2 Brown County feedlots and 15-20 per leg on untreated animals in 4 feedlots in Lincoln and Keith Counties. (Campbell, McEvoy). HOUSE FLY (Musca domestica) - NEBRASKA - Heavily infested feedlot near Ainsworth, Brown County. Ranged 10-12 per Scudder grid in 4 Lincoln and Keith County feedlots. (Campbell, McEvoy). WISCONSIN - Heavy in the southern three-quarters of State. Severe nuisance in homes, at picnics, and cookouts. Numbers in dairy barns very heavy on farms where controls lacking or inadequate. Infestations on some farms in Columbia County reported heaviest ever known. (Wis. ins.4 Sur.) MOSQUITOES - OHIO - Aedes dorsalis, A. cantator, A. sollicitans, Culex tarsalis, and Culiseta minnesotae collected | during period August 8-18 in Loraine County. These are new county records. Total of 4,414 mosquitoes taken; averaged 72.3 per trap per night, ranged 4-787 per trap. (Fox). WISCONSIN - Mosquitoes increased greatly past 7 days. Severe biting noted in Grant County State parks and in Dunn, Barron, Polk, and St. Croix County cornfields, Biting a problem in Dane, Walworth, Calumet, Trempealeau, Racine, and in parts of Bayfield Counties. Continued rains insure mos- aquito problem to last several weeks. Annoyance to cattle moderate in most areas. (Wis. Ins. Sur.). MINNESOTA - Light trap counts in Metropolitan Mosquito Control District August 12-18 highest on record. Total of 104,045 females from 16 traps; 35,000 males taken, Aedes vexans accounted for 95 percent of collection, A.cinereus 1.5 percent. Nuisance levels very high throughout most of “State, probably as high as any time in recent years. Numbers decreased and cooler weather somewhat restricted activity. (Minn. Pest Rpt.). BROWN RECLUSE SPIDER (Loxosceles reclusa) - MISSISSIPPI - Heavy in 3 homes in Prentiss County. (Smith, Aug. 18). KENTUCKY - Single immature and 4 females collected in warehouse at Lexington, Fayette County, June 12 by B. Runion. Determined by W.B. Peck. This is a new county record. (PP). LONE. STAR TICK (Amblyomma americanum) - OKLAHOMA - Still heavy on cattle in Atoka and Pontotoc Counties. (Okla. Coop. Sur.). BENEFICIAL INSECTS LADY BEETLES - OHIO - Averaged 1 per 2 linear feet of cucumbers in Huron County. Species, in order of predominance included: Coleomegilla maculata, Hippodamia convergens, and Adalia bipunctata. (Fox, Figchen EULOPHID WASPS - MICHIGAN - Tetrastichus julis recovered for new county records as follows: lIosco during June by M. Davenport; Livingston June 7 by D. Girbach; Oscoda June 19 by D. Olson. All determined by F.W. Stehr. Originally released in these counties June 9, 1971, as parasites of Oulema melanopus (cereal leaf beetle) larvae: Iosco by R. Britt, Livingston by D. Girbach; Oscoda by D. Olson. For recovery, 0. melanopus larvae were collected and reared to full growth; if present, T. julis - 582 - merged. (Sauer). For previous records in State see CEIR 22(32): 528-529.(PP). INDIANA - One female and 2 male Sympiosis viridula ecovered from burrow of Ostrinia nubilalis (European corn borer) July 26, in Rush County. Collected by R.W. Meyer. This is a new county record. This parasite released about 1946 in several counties and has since been recovered in Tipton, Jasper, Vermillion, Kosciusko; and Tippecanoe Counties. (Meyer). A BRACONID (Apanteles congregatus) - NORTH CAROLINA - Parasitism of Manduca spp. (hornworms) on tobacco increased average of 10 percent at Bladen, Columbus County, at Wilson, Wayne County, and in Surry County. Parasitism heaviest, 64 percent, at Wilson, Wayne County. (Hunt). FEDERAL AND STATE PLANT PROTECTION PROGRAMS (COMSTOCK MEALYBUG (Pseudococcus comstocki) - CALIFORNIA - New in- festation found on mulberry trees on 21 city blocks in Delano, Kern County. Counts averaged 10 per leaf. Collected by T. Tandrow and R. Rockwell. Determined by R. Gill. This is a new county ~ record. P. comstocki also occurs in Porterville, Springville, Strathmore, Lindsay, Terra Bella, and Exeter in Tulare County. Delano infestation about 20 miles from Porterville infestation. eal. Coop. Rpt.). GRASSHOPPERS - INDIANA - Mainly Melanoplus spp. adults predomi- nated over immatures in sandier portions of Porter, La Porte,and Lagrange Counties. Damage evident to leaves and corn silks in few weedy fields and also to poorly maintained alfalfa field. (Meyer). MINNESOTA - Adult survey underway. Very heavy infesta- tions found on Olmsted and Dodge County line, 3 miles east of Oslo; ranged 100-150 per square yard in one alfalfa field. Counts high in other fields in immediate area. Some damage Seen on adjacent soybeans. Alfalfa being cut; mass movement of grass- hoppers from these fields expected. Most grasshoppers in area, as well as statewide, Melanoplus femurrubrum in fourth instar to adult. Other economic counts of 8 or more per Square yard gen- erally very widely scattered. (Minn. Pest Rpt.). NORTH DAKOTA - Grasshopper adults noneconomic in Oliver, Hettinger, Divide, and Stutsman Counties. Light and economic infestations found in southern Morton County. Mostly noneconomic in Sioux County, occasionally light in western parts of county, and economic in central Grant County. Mostly noneconomic in Adams County, except for occasional light infestations in northeast. Infestations light and economic in central Williams County. Grasshoppers light in southern Kidder County. (Grasser). UTAH - Ranged 20-40 per square yard (90 percent nymphs) in some range areas in Lefthand Fork of Blacksmith Fork Canyon, Cache County, and 1-12 per square yard in other areas. (Knowlton). /GYPSY MOTH (Porthetria dispar) - WEST VIRGINIA - Male moth jcollected in trap in Hardy County August 21 by R. Clark. Deter- mined by E.L. Todd. NORTH CAROLINA - Adult trapped August 4 at ‘Campground near Kings Mountain, Cleveland County, by G.B. Lott. Adult trapped in log holding yard at Beaufort, Carteret County, August 7 by P.J. Lockerman. Determined by V.H. Owens. Confirmed iby D.M. Weismann. Until further survey and investigations are “completed to verify the nature of these situations, they will be ‘considered as regulatory incidents. (PP). f \ - 583 - RED IMPORTED FIRE ANT (Solenopsis invicta) - MISSISSIPPI - Collected at Moorehead, Sunflower County, August 7 by C.E. Wood. Determined by V.H. Owens. Confirmed by D.R. Smith. This is a new county record. (PP). JAPANESE BEETLE (Popillia japonica) - PENNSYLVANIA - Total of 15,986 taken from one bait trap at Pennsylvania Furnace, Centre County, July 3 to August 23. At State College, Centre County, 1,105 adults taken in 16 bait traps at one location August 18-23. (Bierlein, Adams). TENNESSEE - Continued to damage favored hosts in local areas of Johnson County. (Hammett, Quillin). ORIENTAL FRUIT FLY (Dacus dorsalis) - CALIFORNIA - Since June 1, when original female trapped at Santa Barbara, Santa Barbara County, total of 2,798 trap inspections made; no additional flies taken. Two toxic bait applications made within 6-square- mile core area. Two additional treatments scheduled. (Cal. Coop. Rpt.). PINK BOLLWORM (Pectinophora gossypiella) - ARIZONA - Increased in Graham County cotton; some treatments made. Infestation 1-2 percent in Gila Valley cotton in Yuma County. (Ariz. Coop. Sur.). NEW MEXICO - Rosetted cotton blooms seen in 5 fields in Sunland Park area of Dona Ana County. (N.M. Coop. Rpt.). SOYBEAN CYST NEMATODE (Heterodera glycines) - TENNESSEE - In ran- dom sampling, 37 percent of soil samples taken in soybean fields of western area found infested. Some fields show stunting symptoms; decrease in yield expected in many fields. (Ponchillia, Hooper). MISSISSIPPI - Collected on soybeans at Gore Springs, Calhoun County, July 17 by D. Pittman, and at Byhalia, Marshall County, July 21 by J. Brigance. ILLINOIS - Collected on soybeans at Springerton, White County, July 13 by D. Edwards. TENNESSEE - Collected on soybeans at Five Points, Lawrence County, August 15 by L.C. Green. Determined by V.H. Owens. Confirmed by A.M. Golden. These are new county records. (PP). WOOLLY WHITEFLY (Aleurothrixus floccosus) - CALIFORNIA - Popula- tion increased in San Diego, San Diego County. Infestations spreading, homeowners concerned. Many parasite release sites in area of increased A. floccosus populations. Total of 326 release sites established. Parasite activity presently very low due to adverse weather. (Cal. Coop. Rpt.). - 584 - HAWAII INSECT REPORT ew State Record - Several adults of a CICADELLID (Carneocephala Sagittifera) collected in various grasses at Kona, Hawaii, by 8. Kashiwai and S. Kobayashi June 7. Determined by J.P. Kramer, Known to occur in Texas, Louisiana, Mexico, Puerto Rico, Cuba,and the West Indies. Necordine to literature it has been found on several species of grasses and frequently in close association with sugarcane. It has not been noted commonly on sugarcane and has not been credited with transmission of any disease. (Kawamura). | I \Fruits and Nuts - CLOUDYWINGED WHITEFLY (Dialeurodes citrifolii) ‘and Bemisia giffardi collected from citrus foliage at Nawiliwili, Kauai, in December 1971. This is first collection of these 2 species on island of Kauai. D. citrifolii previously recorded from Oahu and Hawaii; B. giffardi from Oahu, Maui, and Molokai. |) (Nakahara). Several additional adults of a SWALLOWTAIL BUTTERFLY (Papilio xuthus) observed over south and west Kauai indicating establishment of this citrus pest on this island. First discovered ‘on Kauai at Poipu in June 1972. (Sugawa). Ornamentals - Adults of a WEEVIL (Brachyrhinus cribricollis) moderate and caused light to moderate damage to chrysanthemum flowers in upper Kula, Maui. (Miyahira). Beneficial Insects - Only traces of Klamath weed (Hypericum perforatum) noted on Mount Hualalai, Hawaii, at 6,700 feet ‘levation, where a GALL MIDGE (Zeuxidiplosis giardi) and CHRYSOMELID BFETLES (Chrysolina spp.) were released in 1965. ‘Although no beetles found, light population of the gall midge was observed on few remaining plants. (Yoshioka). In July, infestations of an ARCTIID MOTH (Selca brunella), a flower, fruit and leaf feeder of Melastoma malabathricum, ranged 25-35 percent on fruits and terminals in the Kulani area, Hawaii, and averaged 43 percent on fruits at ‘Hanahanapuni, Kauai. (Yoshioka, Sugawa). Leaf feeding larvae of a HELIODINID MOTH (Schreckensteinia festaliella) and a ‘TORTRICID MOTH (Apotoforma sp.) very active on blackberry in the Kilauea Forest Reserve, Hawaii. This is first recovery of S. festaliella in this area. (Yoshioka). PUNCTUREVINE STEM WEEVIL ‘Wlicrolarinus lypriformis) remains very active, with heavy adult Pe ow cence, in the Waikapu and Maalaea area on Maui. Native puncture- vine (Tribulus cistoides) scarce and heavily infested wherever found. (Miyahira). | - 585 - LIGHT TRAP COLLECTIONS FLORIDA Gainesville 8/18-24 IOWA Beaconsfield 8/11-17 Castana 8/11-17 Kanawha 8/11-17 Garden City 8/21 Hiawatha 8/22 Wichita 8/21 KANSAS KENTUCKY o N oN ON N « ar ON Noo a™ NAN ie) a fee) ost ° aa ge sss or 0 00 0 Po wo B2adh Sn a2aeoo ap Union a0 moad HqH= O84 20 = = a @ =>) 1 MINNESOTA Crookston 8/16-22 Shakopee 8/16-22 Worthington 8/16-22 MISSISSIPPI (County) Washington 8/18-24 MISSOURI Portageville 8/18-24 Lincoln 8/24 North Platte 8/24 Plymouth 8/17 NEBRASKA -~ > » q 3 fo} © FS m n a FS = B o N - st = ~ {o) uo) & (e) eH tH ro] 4 ne) n ZS-LI/8 eFueUOZeH OZ-ST/8 103Se0ueT TZ-ST/8 PtOF7 LEH NISNOOSIM ZZ-ST/8 MBSTEM IZ-ST/s s1nqs10ezed €Z-9L/g Axrewo0s7. uO VINIDUIA ¥2/8 CO8M SVXaL GZ-12/8 UOSTPEN Go-1¢/8 UFTAUerA G2-12/8 ted TASSANNAL PI-OT/g SsuTyoorg (43un09) VLONVa HLNOS ZzZ-91/8 }SeMyzNOS ZZ-91/8 SBe4INOS Zz-91/8 Tezzue9 (9°F23STd) -VINVATASNNGd €Z-L1/g WewourTON €Z-L1/8 UOTteH LI/g oUeyT (43un09) NODHUO PZ-81/8 127S0OM OIHO €2'2s‘0Z%/8 O81ed Sl ‘9T/s AoreUsSTA VLOMVG HLUON Tz-St/g woyrequnT Iz-ST/s uAoTUST TSU IzZ-ST/g 107107020 AASUAL MIN 587 - —<— Weather of the week continued from page 572. TEMPERATURE: Cooler, drier air spread into the northern Great Plains and upper Mississippi River Valley early in the week. The temperature at Jamestown, North Dakota, dropped from 92 degrees Sunday to 64 degrees Monday morning and climbed only to 68 degrees Monday afternoon. Minneapolis, Minnesota, registered 97 degrees Sunday afternoon but only 63 degrees Tuesday. By midweek, comfor- table temperatures had spread southward to the central Great Plains} and eastward to the upper Great Lakes. North Platte, Nebraska, | recorded 41 degrees Wednesday morning. Autumn weather was also noted in the high Rockies. Big Piney, Wyoming, registered 30 degrees and Leadville, Colorado, 31 degrees Tuesday morning. The Far Southwest continued hot with afternoon temperatures climbing above 100 degrees on most days. Blythe, California, registered 116 degrees Tuesday afternoon. Early morning temperatures in the desert Southwest were generally near 80 degrees. Temperatures in the Far Northwest ranged from the 60's in the morning to the 70's and 80's on most afternoons. Central and eastern Oklahoma and nearby parts of adjoining States warmed to the 100's or higher Monday afternoon but only to the 80's on Tuesday. The Deep South f continued in the 90's most afternoons. The mercury reached the 80's: from the lower Great Lakes to the Middle Atlantic States most afternoons. High relative humidity over the South and East added to the discomfort caused by warm temperatures. Warm weather | continued over the Northeast over the weekend. Summer heat returned to the Northwest. The Dalles, Oregon, registered 103 degrees Sunday afternoon. The northern Great Plains also warmed with afternoon temperatures near 90 degrees Sunday, 92 degrees at | Bismarck and Williston, North Dakota. Temperatures averaged above normal along the Pacific coast. - 588 - BOLL WEEVIL (Anthonomus grandis Boh.) Selected References 1970-1971 Copies of this bibliography are available from Pest Survey and Technical Support Staff. Agee, H. R. and Elder, H. W. 1970. Histology of the compound eye of the boll weevil. Ent. Soc. Amer. Ann. 63(6):1654-1656. ‘Andrawes, N. R. and Dorough, H. W. 1970. Metabolism of Temik in : boll weevils and houseflies. Tex. Agr. Expt. Sta. Prog. Rpt. | 2833. 8 pp. Baker, D. N. and Lloyd, E. P. 1970. An energy balance for the boll weevil, Anthonomus grandis. Ent. Soc. Amer. Ann. 63(1):104- 107. Baker, D. N. and Lloyd, E. P. 1970. Effect of age on respiration and transpiration in the boll weevil, Anthonomus grandis. Ent. Soc. Amer. Ann. 63(1):100-104. Bariola, L. A. and Lindquist, D. A. 1970. Longevity and fecundity of boll weevils exposed to sublethal doses of systemic insecticides. J. Econ. Ent. 63(2):527-530. Bariola, L. A., Ridgway, R. L., and Coppedge, J. R. 1971. Large- scale field tests of soil applications of aldicarb for sup- pression of populations of boll weevils. J. Econ. Ent. 64(5): 1280-1284. Bell, M. R. and McLaughlin, R. E. 1970. Influence of the protozoan Mattesia grandis McLaughlin on the toxicity to the boll weevil of four insecticides. J. Econ. Ent. 63(1):266-269. Bonham, C. D. and Fye, R. E. 1971. An empirical model for pre- dicting boll weevil distribution on cotton plants. J. Econ. Ent. 64(2):539-540. Bottrell, D. G. and Almand, L. K. 1970. Evaluation of the 1968 reproductive-diapause boll weevil control program of the Texas High Plains. Tex. Agr. Expt. Sta. Prog. Rpt. 2766. 15 pp. Bottrell, D. G. and Coauthors. 1970. Studies of boll weevil popu- lations and their movement in the High and Rolling Plains of TexaS uSing male-baited traps, 1968. Tex. Agr. Expt. Sta. MP-948. 8 pp. Brasher, C., Mullins, J. A., and Bennett, S. E. 1971. Electro- static ULV spraying for control of the boll weevil. J. Econ. Ent. 64(6):1537-1541. Bull, D. L., Stoker, R. A., Hardee, D. D., and Gueldner, R. C. 1971. Gas chromatographic determination of the components of the synthetic boll weevil sex pheromone (grandlure). Agr. Food Chem. J. 19(1):202-203. - 589 - { Burt, E. C. and Coauthors. 1970. Boll weevil control with insecti- cide applied in sprays with narrow-spectrum droplet sizes. J. Econ. Ent. 63(2):365-370. Chesnut, T. L. and Cross, W. H. 1971. Arthropod parasites of the boll weevil, Anthonomus grandis: 2. Comparisons of their importance in the United States over a period of thirty-eight years. Ent. Soc. Amer. Ann. 64(3):549-557. Chisholm, W. C. 1970. Lower insecticide cost and increased yield under diapause boll weevil control. Cotton Prod-Mech. Conf. Sum-Proc. pp. 22-23. Clower, D. F., Jones*s Jo E.; Benkwith, K. B.j7> and Sloane, eae 1970. Non-preference; a new approach to boll weevil control. La. Agr. 13(4):10-11. Cross, W. H. and Chesnut, T. L. 1971. Arthropod parasites of the boll weevil, Anthonomus grandis: 1. An annotated list. Ent. Soe. Amer. Ann. 64(2):516-527. Cross, W. H., Leggett, J. E., and Hardee, D. D. 1971. Improved traps for capturing boll weevils. U.S. Dept. Agr. Coop. Econ. Ens: -Rpt..0 21C21) 3367-368: Davich, T. B. 1970. Trapping of weevils by sex lure in repro- duction-diapause control areas. Cotton Prod-Mech. Conf. Sum- Proc. pp. 12-15. Davich)) LL. Bes | Hardee), (D2. and Alcala M., J. 1970. Long-range dispersal of boll weevils determined with wing traps baited with males. J. Econ. Ent. 63(5):1706-1708. Earle, N: W., Padevani, I., Thompson, M. J., and Robbins twee 1970. Inhibition of larval development and egg production in the boll weevil following ingestion of ecdysone analogues. J. Econ. Ent. 63(4):1064-1069. Flint, H. Mi, Walk, E: L.;°Klassen,' W., and Greenberg, 7D-O19@e Biological effects of irradiation with thermal neutrons on boll weevils fed boric acid containing boron-102, J. Econ. | Ent. 64(5):1002-1008. Fye, R. E. and Bonham, C. D. 1970. Analysis of populations of the * boll weevil in one acre of cotton at Florence, South Carolina, in, 1957—59)) ai--heon. Ent. 163 (5) 2505-15 L0). Fye, R. E. and Bonham, C. D. 1970. Summer temperatures of the soil surface and their effect on survival of boll weevils in fallen: cotton squares. J. Econ. Ent. 63(5):1599-1602. Fye, R. E., Cole, C. L., and Bull, D. L. 1970. Populations ot gnome weevils in selected fields in Presidio County, Texas, and Ojinaga, Chihuahua, Mexico, in late 1968 subsequent to repro- ductive-diapause control IS GIEE ule in 1965-1967. J. Econ. Ent. 63(4) : 1084-1086. Fye, R. E., Leggett, J. E., and Bonham, C. D. 1970. Winter ‘survival of the bo41 weevil complex in Arizona. J. Econ. Ent. 63(4): 1071-1074. - 590 - ueldner, R. C., Thompson, A. C., Hardee, D. D., and Hedin, P. A. 1970. Constituents of the cotton bud. XIX. Attractancy to the boll weevil of the terpenoids and related plant constituents. J. Econ. Ent. 63(6):1819-1821. juilbault, GleG.) Kuan se Ss 2. and Sadary Mer Hi! 71970" Pur rt vea tion and properties of cholinesterases from honeybees-—-Apis mellifera Linnaeus--and boll weevils--Anthonomus grandis Boheman. J. Agr. Food Chem. 18(4) :692-697. Jardee, D. D. 1970. Pheromone production by male boll weevils as affected by food and host factors. Contrib. Boyce Thompson Inst. 24(13):315-322. Perdee, D! D!, Cleveland, T. CC’, Davis, J. W., and Cross, W. H. 1970. Attraction of boll weevils to cotton plants and to males fed on three diets. J. Econ. Ent. 63(3):990-991. Hardee, D. D., Cross, W. H., Huddleston, P. M., and Davich, T. B. 1970. Survey and control of the boll weevil in west Texas with traps baited with males. J. Econ. Ent. 63(4):1041-1048. qardee, Deve hindic. Oe Ho. and Davich) "ry 'B. t97L. Suppression of populations of boll weevils over a large area in west Texas with pheromone traps in 1969. J. Econ. Ent. 64(4):928- 933. mecdce, DP. D:, Wilson, N. M., Mitchell, E. B., and Huddleston, P. M. 1971. Factors affecting activity of grandlure, the pheromone of the boll weevil, in laboratory bioassays. J. Econ. Ent. 64(6):1454-1456. Miynes, J. W., Davich, T. B., Mitlin, N., and Sioan Coy he 297 Shipment of large numbers of boll weevils in small containers. J. Econ. Ent. 64(1) :325-327. Hopkins, AY RY Patt, H. M., ‘and Agee, H. R:1971. "Movement of the | boll weevil into and out of a cotton field as determined by | flight screens. Ent. Soc. Amer. Ann. 64(1):254-257. Hopkins, A. R., Taft, H. M., James, W., and Jernigan, C. E. 1970. Evaluation of substitutes for DDT in field experiments for control of the bollworm and the boll weevil in cotton: 1967- 69. J. Econ. Ent. 63(3):848-850. Jenkins, J. N., McLaughlin, R. E., Parrott, W. L., and Wouters, Cc. J. J. 1970. Eliminating Glugea gasti (Protozoa: Micro- Sporidia) from genetic stocks of the boll weevil. J. Econ. i Ent. 63(5):1638-1639. Klassen, W. and Earle, N. W. 1970. Permanent sterility induced in j boll weevils with busulfan without reducing production of pheromone. J. Econ. Ent. 63(4):1195-1198. ‘Leggett, J. E. and Cross, W. H, 1971. A new trap for capturing boll weevils. U.S. Dept. Agr. Coop. Econ. Ins. Rpt. 21(45- 48):773-774. ‘Lincoln, C. and Coauthors. 1971. Resistance of Frego-type cotton to boll weevil and bollworm. J. Econ. Ent. 64(5):1326-1327. | = 597 12 McHaffey, D. G. 1970. Boll weevil chemosterilants. Research pro- gram Seeks compounds to eradicate a major pest of cotton. South. Res. Inst. Bul. 23(1):3-7. McKibben, G. H., Hedin, P. A., McLaughlin, R. E., and Davich, T. B. 1971. Development of the bait principle for control ofm@ boll weevils: addition of terpenoids and related plant con- stituents. J. Econ. Ent. 64(6):1493-1495. McKibben, G. H. and Coauthors. 1971. Addition of food acidulants to increase attractiveness to boll weevils of bait containing cottonseed oil. J. Econ. Ent. 64(3):583-585. McKibben, G. H. and Coauthors. 1971. Slow-release formulations of grandlure, the synthetic pheromone of the boll weevil. J. Econ. Ent. 64(1):317-319. Mistric, W. J., Jr., Covington, B. M., and Smith, F. D. 1970. Effects of methyl parathion, DDT, and toxaphene on the boll weevil, bollworm, and cotton plant in North Carolina. J. Econ. Ent. 63(2) :596-599. j Mitchell, H. C. and Cross, W. H. 1971. Mating of boll weevils in the field. J. Econ. Ent. 64(3):773-774. Mitlin, N. and Wiygul, G. 1971. Synthesis of nucleic acid and protein in the boll weevil fed with busulfan. Ent. Soc. Amer. Ann. 64(4) :822-824. Moore, R. F., Jr. and Taft, H. M. 1971. Differences in percentages | of fatty acids in triglycerides and phospholipids of larvae of the bollworm and the tobacco budworm as possible factors in their tolerance to insecticides. J. Econ. Ent. 64(5): 1060-1065. Moore, R. F., Jr. and Taft, H. M. 1971. Effect on reproduction of the boll weevil by drugs which act on catecholamines and indolealkylamines. Ent. Soc. Amer. Ann. 64(6):1390-1393. Moore, R. F., Jr., Tatt, H. M., and Payne, LE. By 1970s pame mayan sulfoxide as a possible synergist for selected insecticides against the boll weevil. J. Econ. Ent. 63(4):1342-1343. Nettles, W. C., Jr., Parro, B., Sharbaugh, C., and Mangum, C. L. 1971. Trehalose and other carbohydrates in Anthonomus grandis, Heliothis zea, and Heliothis virescens during growth and development. J. Insect Physiol. 17(4) :657-675. Norment, B. R. and Chambers, H. W. 1970. Joint actions in organo- phosphorus poisoning in boll weevils. J. Econ. Ent. 63(2): 499-502. Norment, B. R. and Chambers, H. W. 1970. Temperature relationships | in organophosphorus poisoning in boll weevils. J. Econ. Ent. 63(2) :502-504. Parrott, W. L., Jenkins, J. N., and Buford, W. T. 1970. Instars and duration of stadia of boll weevil larvae. Ent. Soc. Amer. | Ann. 63(5):1265-1267. Oo 2a frimmer, T. R., Furr, R. E., and Stadelbacher, E. A. 1971. Materials for control of boll weevils, bollworms, and tobacco budworms on cotton at Stoneville, Mississippi. J. Econ. Ent. 64(2):475-478. Rainwater, C. F. 1970. Prospects for eradication of boll weevil. Wash. Acad. Sci. J. 60(2):48-53. Pideway , R. L., Bariola, L. A., and Hardee, D. D. 1971. Seasonal movement of boll weevils near the High Plains of Texas. | J. Econ. Ent. 64(1):14-19. Roach, SHaeemiRay, iG. 0 Hopkins, Ave Raf andi Datitgn Hig Meytomly Comparison of attraction of wing traps and cotton trap plots baited with male boll weevils for overwintered weevils. Ent. Soc. Amer. Ann. 64(2):530-531. Bach, S. H., Ray, L., Taft, H. M., and Hopkins, A. R. 1971. Wing traps baited with male boll weevils for determinging spring emergence of overwintered weevils and subsequent infestations in cotton. J. Econ. Ent. 64(1) 107-110. cn, Seep atte oH Mes Ray, Lia and: Hopkins 7) Ay Re lo7 i: Population dynamics of the boll weevil in an isolated cotton | field in South Carolina. Ent. Soc. Amer, Ann. 64(2):394-399. | Roach, S. H. and Walker, J. T. 1970. A parasitic mite found on boll weevils near Florence, South Carolina, in 1968. J. Econ. Ent. 63(2) :646-647. Rummel, D. R. and Adkisson, P. L. 1970. Distribution of boll weevil- infested cotton fields in relation to overwintering | habitats in the High and Rolling Plains of Texas. J. Econ. i Ent. 63(6):1906-1909. Rummel, D. R. and Adkisson, P. L. 1971. A two-phased control program designed for maximum suppression of the boll weevil in the High and Rolling Plains of Texas. J. Econ. Ent. 64(4) :919-922. Spencer, N. R. 1971. Sterilization of insect diet by gamma irra- diation. J. Econ. Ent. 64(3):753-754. Sterling, W. L. 1971. Winter survival of the boll weevil in the High and Rolling Plains of Texas. J. Econ. Ent. 64(1):39-41. Sterling, W. L. and Adkisson, P. L. 1970. Seasonal rates of increase for a population of the boll weevil, Anthonomus randis, in the High and Rolling Plains of Texas. Ent. Soc. Amer. Ann. 63(6):1696-1700. | j | | | ‘Talmadge, K., Albersheim, P., and Earle, N. W. 1970. Cotton plant cell wall polysaccharide-degrading enzymes of the boll | weevil. J. Econ. Ent. 63(5):1712-1714. ‘Terranova, A. C. 1971. An automated procedure for analysis of pusulfan in boll weevils and in fortified boll weevil diet. J. Econ. Ent. 64(2) :549-550. - 593 - Thompson, A. C., Pratt, J. R., Minyard, J. P., and Hedin, P. A. 1970. Constituents of the cotton bud. XVII. A survey of the lipids and fatty acids of glanded and glandless cotton with respect to nutrition and host-preference of the boll weevil. J. Econ. Ent. 63(3) :753-756. Thompson, A. C. and Coauthors. 1970. Constituents of the cotton bud. XVI. The attractancy response of the boll weevil to the essential oils of a group of host and nonhost plants. J. Econ. Ent. 63(3):751-753. Tingle. Hh.) CzscLane, H. C25 Kings Eieh.,, and lloyd sh aee 1971. Influence of nutrients in the adult diet on diapause in the boll weevil. J. Econ. Ent. 64(4):812-814. Tumlinson, J. H. and Coauthors. 1970. The boll weevil sex attractant, pp. 41-59. In M. Beroza (Ed.) Chemical Controlling) Insect Behavior. Academic Press, New York. 170 pp. Tumlinson, J. H. and Coauthors. 1971. Identification and synthesis’ | for the four compounds comprising the boll weevil sex attract-) ant. J. Org. Chem. 36(18) :2616-2621. i Vanderzant, E. S. and Chremos, J. H. 1971. Dietary requirement of the boll weevil for arginine and the effect of arginine analogues on growth and on the composition of the body amino acids. Ent. Soc. Amer. Ann. 64(2):480-485. Vavra, J. and McLaughlin, R. E. 1970. Fine structure of some developmental stages of Mattesia grandis McLaughlin (Sporozoa, ' Neogregarinida), a parasite of boll weevil Anthonomus grandis | Boheman. J. Protozool. 17(3):483-496. Walker, J. K., Jr. and Bottrell, D. G. 1970. Infestations of boll weevils in isolated plots of cotton in Texas, 1960-69. J. Econ. Ent. 63(5):1646-1650. | Wiygul, G., Mitlin, N., Love, J. N., and Lusk, G. J LOMO he absorption and metabolism of glycine-uU-l4c in the irradiated and normal boll weevil, Anthonomus grandis Boheman (Coleoptera: Curculionidae). Comp. Biochem. and Physiol. 33(3) :475-480. Wolfenbarger, D. A., McGarr, R. L., Longoria, R. R., and Nosky, J. B. 1970. Toxicity of EPN, accothion, and certain chlo- rinated hydrocarbons to certain cotton insects. J. Econ. Ent. 63(5):1568-1573. jurfitih, Ra Le; Dunhamyebe L.. jeSpain, eV. ly) and Siddall, J. B. | 1970. Synthetic studies on insect hormones. IX. Stereo- selective total synthesis of a racemic boll weevil pheromone. Amer. Chem. Soc. J. 92:425-427. i Prepared by Pest Survey and U.S. Dept. Agr. Technical Support Staff Coop. Econ. Ins. Rpt. 22(35) :589-594, 1972 — - 594 - v “une i U.S. DEPARTMENT OF AGRICULTURE HYATTSVILLE, MARYLAND 20782 OFFICIAL BUSINESS PENALTY FOR PRIVATE USE, $300 BRL WASHING RIES SMITHSONI? POSTAGE AND FEES PAID U.S. DEPARTMENT OF AGRICULTURE AGR 101 VOL. 22 No. 36 #22 September 8, 1972 Cay, Lat, Cooperative Economic Insect Report Issued by PLANT PROTECTION AND QUARANTINE PROGRAMS ANIMAL AND PLANT HEALTH INSPECTION SERVICE U.S.DEPARTMENT OF AGRICULTURE ANIMAL AND PLANT HEALTH INSPECTION SERVICE PLANT PROTECTION AND QUARANTINE PROGRAMS ECONOMIC INSECT SURVEY AND DETECTION STAFF The Cooperative Economic Insect Report is issued weekly as a service to American Agriculture. Its contents are compiled from information supplied by cooperating State, Federal, and industrial entomologists and other agricultural workers. In releasing this material the Service serves as a clearing house and does not assume responsibility for ac- curacy of the material. All reports and inquiries pertaining To chaise meleasics including the mailing list, should be senuivo: CEIR Economic Insect survey and Detection Plant Protection and Quarantine Programs Animal and Plant Health Inspection Service United States Department of Agriculture Federal Center Building Hyattsville, Maryland 20782 Volume 22 September 8, 1972 Number 36 COOPRE HCON ENS. RED. HIGHLIGHTS Curren Conditions CORN EARWORM adults increased on Virginia Eastern Shore, growers advised to follow recommended treatment schedules. Larvae heavy on late soybeans in North Carolina, feeding on pods in south- western Alabama. (p. 597). CORN ROOTWORMS heavier in Nebraska than in 1971. (p. 598). BANDEDWING WHITEFLY heavy on soybeans and cotton in southwest Alabama; continued threat to cotton in many areas of Mississippi with some controls applied. (pp. 601, 602). BOLL WEEVIL continued problem on cotton in hill section of Mississippi; counts and damaged squares increased in central and northern Alabama. (p. 601). BOLLWORM egg laying heavy in southern Georgia, moth flights heavy throughout Alabama. Bollworms continued problem in southeastern district and in Arkansas River Valley of Arkansas. (p. 602). Detection New State records include a CHRYSOMELID BEETLE in South Dakota (p. 599), and a SPIDER MITE in Pennsylvania (p. 604). For new county and parish records see page 610. Reports in this issue are for week ending September 1 unless otherwise indicated. - 595 - CONTENTS Special Insects of Regional Significance..........+.-2+++200- ~. OOM Insects Affecting Corn, Sorghum, Sugarcane...598 Cole Crops.................. 603 | Small GrainS...0 3.0. .....6. 599 General Vegetables.......... 603 | Turf, Pastures, Rangeland..599 Deciduous Fruits and Nuts...604)} Forage Legumes............- GOO) CPE US Se. i) oie ie cece are 604)) SON @enalS 5 Adi sic Gi dc Au ie a 60 7.600" Ornamentals oo cei. lye uate eee 604} PEANUTS ean culattaiteitcticuitteraeste 601 Forest and Shade Trees...... 604 | CO ECOM eH a rac cend ar eheide semtedlertone tons 60) Man) and Animals...) jeer .. 605) MOIELCCOds oo500og0000K0F 0000 602 i} Hawaia Tnseeite REPOr te Welter af. Damage occurred on about 20,000 acres in Halifax and rthampton Counties in 1971, about same expected for 1972. »Sistance to chemical controls caused problems. (Long). )TTON DLL WEEVIL (Anthonomus grandis) - TEXAS - Punctured squares anged 20-80 percent in northern Glasscock County. No activity ported in Martin, Midland, and Upton Counties, Activity in- reased rapidly in areas below the Caprock south of Lubbock and o south-central area. Populations ranged 16-24,000 per acre in alhoun County prior to application of insecticides for diapausing pevil control. (Green). MISSISSIPPI - Continued problem in hill” 2ction where cotton still green and blooming. One 5-acre field i Noxubee County had average of 5 weevils per bloom in 20-bloom yunt. (Robinson). ALABAMA - With much cotton "cutting out" and ‘duction in squares along with continuing "hatchouts", weevils id percent damaged squares increased to 30-80 percent in many *ntral and northern area fields. Weevil control especially to ‘otect young bolls, continued throughout most of State. (McQueen). GORGIA - General migration occurred over southern areas} 0-85 *rcent punctured squares, infestations low where controls ontinued. In Polk County, punctured squares averaged 9 percent, igh of 42. (Womack, Stowe). TENNESSEE - Number of squares too w to make counts. Weevils continue to damage small bolls in ite cotton. (Locke). - 601 - BOLLWORMS (Heliothis spp.) - TENNESSEE - Cotton not attractive to H. zea; controls not justified. (Locke). GEORGIA - Heliothis spp. Oviposition still heavy, much boll damage in many southern area fields. Infestations predominately Heliothis virescens (tobacco budworm). (Womack). ALABAMA - Moth flights heavy throughout State; larval counts increased. Problem in numerous isolated fields where control schedules variable. (McQueen). Gg MISSISSIPPI - Infestation by county: Coahoma, numerous in most sreen cotton; Madison, light to heavy in 2,600 acres; Rankin, moderate to heavy in few fields; Warren, light to moderate in 500 acres; Bolivar. larvae and egg laying moderate in 500 acres; Issaquena, egg laying heavy; Quitman, larval infestation ranged 4-6 percent with many eggs in 1,500 acres. (Robinson et al.). ARKANSAS - H. virescens continued problem in 3 southeast counties and in upper Arkansas River Valley. In Ashley, Chicot, Desha, and Pope Counties, H. virescens comprised 58 percent of population; | much lighter in Lincoln and Woodruff Counties. None found in small — sample from Lonoke County. (Boyer). TEXAS - H. zea activity ‘4 ranged light to heavy in Trans—Pecos area; light to moderate in El Paso County. In Reeves and Pecos Counties, eggs ranged 50-150 and larvae 4-12 per 100 terminals; 8-20 percent damaged squares. Some fields averaged less than 15 eggs per 100 terminals. Moths plentiful in most fields; laying eggs in upper plant terminals. Activity light to moderate in Glasscock, Reagan, Upton, Martin, and Midland Counties. Eggs ranged 3-20 per 100 terminals, larvae 3-6 per 100 plants; damaged squares and small bolls ranged 3-10 percent in most fields. (Neeb). NEW MEXICO - H. zea light in cotton in Chaves and Dona Ana Counties. (N.M. Coop. Rpt.). CABBAGH LOOPER (Trichoplusia ni) - ARKANSAS - Heavy moth flights and egg deposition of this and Pseudoplusia includens (soybean looper) continued in many fields. Infestations occurred somewhat earlier than normal this year. Infestations appear to be more fieldwide rather than mainly on edges of fields as in past. (Boyer). ARIZONA - T. ni larvae heaviest on treated cotton at Safford, Graham County; short staple cotton preferred host. (Ariz. Coop. Sur.). 2 COTTON LEAFPERFORATOR (Bucculatrix thurberiella) -— ARIZONA - Problems occurred in some fields at Yuma, Yuma County. Insecti- cides changed. (Ariz. Coop. Sur.). BANDEDWING WHITEFLY (Trialeurodes abutilonea) - ALABAMA - Nymphs and adults ranged light to heavy in maturing cotton field at Atmore, Escambia County; 10-100 adults clustering at tops of plants. (Knowles et al.). MISSISSIPPI - Remained threat to cotton in many areas. Some controls applied. Reports indicate more widespread in State than in 1971. (Robinson). ARKANSAS - Infestations increased slightly but generally lighter than in 1971. (Boyer). TOBACCO TOBACCO FLEA BEETLE (Epitrix hirtipennis) - KENTUCKY - Adults averaged 2 per leaf on tobacco at one Fayette County location. (Barnett). - 602 - COLE CROPS BEET ARMYWORM (Spodoptera exigua) - ARIZONA - Larvae ranged 5-15 per lettuce plant at Kansas Settlement, Cochise County. (Ariz. Coops, our.) GENERAL VEGETABLES SWEETPOTATO LEAF BEETLE (Typophorus nigritus viridicyaneus) - FLORIDA - Larvae ranged 1-25 per sweetpotato plant in field at Milton, Santa Rosa County. This species rarely reported from State. (Fla. Coop. Sur.). HAWAII INSECT REPORT Turf and Pasture - GRASS WEBWORM (Herpetogramma licarsisalis) larvae trace in 5 acres of Kikuyu grass at Kapahi, Kauai, compared with 23 per square foot 3 weeks ago. About 10 percent of larvae collected were parasitized by Eucelatoria armigera (a tachina fly). On Maui, larvae heavy in small Kikuyu grass pasture at Kaupakuloa; averaged 10.5 per square foot. Many larvae collected parasitized by Trathala flavo-orbitalis (an ichneumon Psp Reesucawa. AhySam)', (Gaal. fun lwhves le General Vegetables - TOMATO PINWORM (Keiferia lycopersicella) larvae heavy in 2 acres of tomato at Wailua, Kauai. About 50 per- ecent of terminal shoots and young leaves heavily damaged; 15 per- cent of fruits light to moderately damaged. This pest apparently unaffected by repeated applications of recommended insecticides. (Sugawa). Fruits and Nuts - Eggs and larvae of a SWALLOWTAIL BUTTERFLY (Papilio xuthus) moderate on various backyard citrus trees from Kapaa to Anahola, Kauai. This pest now common over most of island from Kekaha to Anahola. On Oahu, 5 of 22 eggs collected from young citrus terminals at Moanalua, Ewa Beach, and Ewa Plantation parasitized by Trichogramma sp. (Sugawa, Kumashiro, Otsuka). Larvae of LEAFMINER FLIES (Liriomyza spp.) light in 200-acre passion fruit farm at Kahului, Maui. Infestations only at trace levels in this farm in previous years. (Miyahira). Forest and Shade Trees - Larvae of a NOCTUID MOTH (Melipotis indomita) moderate to heavy under bark of 15 kiawe trees in Pearl City, Oahu; 580 larvae collected in 2 man-hours. (Otsuka, Kumashiro). Beneficial Insects - Nymphs and adults of a THRIPS (Liothrips urichi) moderate, 10-20 per foot-long terminal of Clidemia hirta, at Palolo and Waiahole Forest Reserves, Oahu. (Kashiwai, Otsuka). Larvae and adults of a GALL FLY (Procecidochares utilis) heavy on Maui pamakani (Eupatorium glandulosum) along roadsides at Haleakala, elevation 6,000 feet,and Ulupalakua, elevation 2,000 feet, on Maui. (Miyahira et al.). - 603 - DECIDUOUS FRUITS AND NUTS CODLING MOTH (Laspeyresia pomonella) - WASHINGTON - In Yakima area of Yakima County, problems increased due to delayed timing of con- trol applications. Controls satisfactory where applications well timed and effective materials used. (Gregorich). APPLE MAGGOT (Rhagoletis pomonella) - NEW HAMPSHIRE - Adults laying eggs; controls applied. (Bowman, Aug. 25). SAN JOSE SCALE (Quadraspidiotus perniciosus) - WASHINGTON - Craw- lers general on apples despite dormant spray and 2 applications against crawlers in Yakima area, Yakima County. (Gregorich). BLACK PECAN APHID (Tinocallis caryaefoliae) - TEXAS - Heavy on pecan trees in Nueces Canyon area of Edwards County. Light in Brazos and Burleson Counties. (Neeb, Green). CITRUS PURPLE SCALE (Lepidosaphes beckii) - *LORIDA - This species and Chrysomphalus aonidum (Florida red scale) severely infested all 650 Meyer lemon plants at nursery in Baker County. (Fla, Coop. Sur.). ORNAMENTALS A GEOMETRID MOTH (Coryphista meadii) - NEVADA - Larval infesta- tions caused heavy damage to barberry in Reno and Sparks, Washoe County. (Bechtel). A LACE BUG (Stephanitis takeyai) - PENNSYLVANIA - Adults heavy on one Pieris japonica plant at Lake Ariel, Wayne County. Determined by E.E. Simons. This is a new county record. (Andreychik, August 15). EUROPEAN EARWIG (Forficula auricularia) - MICHIGAN - Several adults collected near residence in Benzonia, Beulah County. by N. Sleeper. Determined by I.J. Cantrall. This is a new county record, (Sauer). A SPIDER MITE (Eurytetranychus buxi) - PENNSYLVANIA - Adults collected on Buxus sp. in Harrisburg, Dauphin County, July 26 by R. Hill. Determined by R. Lehman. This is a new State record. (Hill). FOREST AND SHADE TREES SOUTHERN PINE BEETLE (Dendroctonus frontalis) - ALABAMA - Two localized infestations seen on pine trees in Mobile and Conecuh Counties. Infestations followed lightning damage to one tree in Mobile County and trees along U.S. Highway I-65 near Evergreen, Conecuh County, following logging operation. (Kilpatrick et al.). BLACK TURPENTINE BEETLE (Dendroctonus terebrans) - ALABAMA - Infested numerous pine trees on lawns and in timberland following damage by lightning, construction equipment, and other damage in Mobile and Baldwin Counties. (Kilpatrick, Turner). - 604 - PINE BUTTERFLY (Neophasia menapia) - OREGON - Adults uncommon throughout most of area in portions of Deschutes, Klamath, Lake, and Marion Counties. None seen along west slope below Santiam Pass, Marion County, where numerous past few years. (Westcott). EUROPEAN PINE SAWFLY (Neodiprion sertifer) - SOUTH DAKOTA - Larvae collected from Pinus ponderosa 3.5 miles west of Lemmon, Perkins County, June 6 by M.E. McKnight and A.D. Tagestad, and 3.5 miles north of Olsonville, Todd County, June 16 by M.E. McKnight and June 23 by J.D. Stein. Determined by J.D. Stein. These are new ‘county records. (McKnight). FALL WEBWORM (Hyphantria cunea) - VIRGINIA - Moderate to heavy in Mathews and Gloucester Counties, and moderate in Surry, Sussex, and Isle of Wight Counties on sourwood, persimmons, and pecans. (Allen, May). NEW MEXICO - Light to heavy on cottonwood, apple, and other shade trees. Many trees almost completely defoliated. (N.M. Coop. Rpt.). AMERICAN DAGGER MOTH (Acronicta americana) - NEVADA - Larval in- festations caused heavy damage to boxelder in Reno and Sparks, Washoe County. (Hilbig et al.). ELM LEAF BEETLE (Pyrrhalta luteola) - ARKANSAS - Chinese elms in all areas, eSpecially in northwest, show effects of heavy feed- ‘ing. Practically all leaves brown. Infestations of this type for several consecutive years may result in loss of some trees. (Boyer). SMALLER EUROPEAN ELM BARK BEETLE (Scolytus multistriatus) - CAL- IFORNIA - Infested Chinese elm trees at rate of 95 per limb at Poway, San Diego County. (Cal. Coop. Rpt.). MAN AND ANIMALS -SCREWWORM (Cochliomyia hominivorax) - Total of 4,936 confirmed eases reported in continental U.S. during period August 20-26 -as follows: Texas 4,700; New Mexico 63; Arizona 109; Oklahoma 64, Total of 593 cases confirmed in Mexico. Number of sterile flies released in U.S. this period totaled 179,468,000 as follows: Texas 155,378,000; New Mexico 4,910,000; Arizona 16,360,000; California 600,000; Oklahoma 2,080,000; Arkansas 140,000. Total of 24,780,000 sterile flies released in Mexico. (Anim. Health). FACE FLY (Musca autumnalis) - OHIO - Heaviest in Coshocton and ‘Tuscarawas Counties. Up to 40+ per face on Guernsey cattle, and up to 50+ per face on Herefords. Caused extreme annoyance to these animals, tearing and streaking common. (Fox). KENTUCKY - Ranged 10-15 per animal on cattle in Union County. Incidence of pinkeye ‘higher than in past years. (Brown, Barnett). GEORGIA - Annoyed ‘beef cattle in Meriwether County. This is a new county record and the southernmost occurrence in State to date. (Willis et al.). HORN FLY (Haematobia irritans) - OHIO - Up to 200-500 per side on beef cattle in Tuscarawas and Carroll Counties. (Box). MISSISSIPPI - Moderate to heavy in 6 herds in Warren County; light to moderate on 200 cattle in Amite County; 150+ per head on 100 Hereford cattle in Oktibbeha County. (Robinson). TEXAS - Increased on cattle across Trans-Pecos area; ranged 100-500 per animal. In- creased throughout Panhandle. Decreased on cattle in south central area. (Neeb et al.). - 605 - STABLE FLY (Stomoxys calcitrans) - WISCONSIN - Heavy in southern ~ counties. Annoyance to dairy cattle severe in Columbia County, light in Chippewa County. Annoyance to man heaviest in recent years in southern counties. (Wis. Ins. Sur.). MOSQUITOES - RHODE ISLAND - Biting by Culex pipien pipiens heavy in Washington County. (Field). KENTUCKY - Mosquitoes increased along Ohio River; controls applied. (Barnett). MINNESOTA - Light trap catches of mosquitoes showed substantial decrease from pre- ceding period, nuisance levels also decreased. Egg diapause beginning with shorter days. (Minn. Pest Rpt.). UTAH - Mosquitoes annoying in Several Box Elder County communities from Perry through) Fielding and at Locomotive Springs. Continued annoying in Allen Canyon and Randolph Meadows areas in Rich County. (Knowlton). BENEFICIAL INSECTS A LADY BEETLE (Stethorus picipes) - WASHINGTON - Increased gen- erally on apples in Yakima area of Yakima County where Tetranychus mcDanieli (McDaniel spider mite) present. (Gregorich). | BRACONIDS (Aphidius spp.) - WASHINGTON - Very abundant in alfalfa infested with Acyrthosiphon pisum (pea aphid) in Royal Slope area of Grant County in Columbia Basin and in Pasco and Wallula area of Franklin and Walla Walla Counties. (Halfhill). LACEWINGS (Chrysopa spp.) - WASHINGTON - C. californica and Chrysopa spp. abundant in fruit orchards around Wenatchee, Chelan County. (Anthon). PHYTOSEIID MITES - WASHINGTON - Zetzellia mali and Metaseiulus occidentalis increased generally where Tetranychus mcdanieli (McDaniel spider mite) infested apples in Yakima area, Yakima County. (Gregorich). FEDERAL AND STATE PLANT PROTECTION PROGRAMS | COMSTOCK MEALYBUG (Pseudococcus comstocki) - CALIFORNIA - Infested area enlarged to 71 city blocks in Delano, Kern County. All but one property occurs east of U.S. Highway 99. Mulberry only host recorded. (Cal. Coop. Rpt.). GRASSHOPPERS - WISCONSIN - Populations increased, due mostly to heavier numbers of adults and to larger nymphs. Counts heaviest in southern Grant, southeastern Rock, and southwestern Walworth Counties. Mostly Melanoplus femurrubrum and concentrated in fence rows, along roadsides, on road surfaces, and in older or recently cut alfalfa fields. Ranged 15-45+ per square yard; feeding on crops minimal. Damage to soybeans and corn expected to increase. M. differentialis mostly adults in these areas; some Severe damage to corn and related crops in few areas in western Dane County. About 2 per plant noted throughout field of field corn in Rock County; field of sweet corn in northern part of county treated. Grasshoppers heavy enough in field of dent corn in southern Grant County that marginal 5 rows brown. (Wis. Ins. Sur.). SOUTH DAKOTA - M, bivittatus (40 percent), M. differentialis (40 per- cent), and M. femurrubrum (20 percent) infested 80-acre alfalfa field near Sturgis, Meade County. Counts ranged 8-10 per square - 606 - yard in one-half of field, 15-20 per square yard in remainder. Controls applied. (Jones). NEBRASKA - Melanoplus spp. damaged porder rows of corn, grain sorghum, and soybeans in Dodge, Burt, and Thurston Counties. Defoliated up to 80 percent of outer 4-6 rows in some cornfields. Ranged up to 20 per square yard in waste areas and roadside ditches. (Berogan). KANSAS - M. differentialis adults caused some foliar damage to some pines grown for Christmas trees in nursery in Pottawatomie County. (Bell). NEW MEXICO - Moderate in grain sorghum in Chaves County. (N.M. Coop. Rpt.). JAPANESE BEETLE (Popillia japonica) - RHODE ISLAND - Active in many areas of Washington and Providence Counties. (King, Field). ‘INDIANA - Adults trapped at several locations July 27 in Green and July 31 in Dubois Counties by R. Chandler. Determined by J.M. Kingsolver. These are first specimens taken in these counties ‘land are to be considered as interceptions until evidence of infes- ‘tation is found. (PP). IOWA - Adult trapped near Waterloo airport, ‘Black Hawk County, by R. Larson July 28. Adult trapped near West Branch, Cedar County, by D.B. Showman August 3. Determined by 'J.L. Kingsolver. Black Hawk County collection is first time this pest trapped in State, and both are considered to be interceptions until evidence of infestation is found. (PP). MINNESOTA - Two beetles taken in 2 traps August 24 by S. Lentz; traps located in 2 railroad switching yards about 4 miles apart in Minneapolis, ‘Hennepin County. Determined by J.M. Kingsolver. (Minn. Pest Rpt.). ‘These will be considered as regulatory incidents until evidence : ‘of infestation is found. (PP). PINK BOLLWORM (Pectinophora gossypiella) - TEXAS - Infested bolls ranged 5-25 percent across El Paso County; ranged 8-50 percent in Pecos and Reeves Counties, with few isolated fields having 65-80 percent infested bolls. Infested bolls ranged 3-8 percent in Glasscock, Midland, and Martin Counties. Moths taken in hexalure ‘traps in Upton County ranged 15-51 per trap. (Neeb). NEW MEXICO - ‘Generally light in cotton in southern Dona Ana County. (Hare). ‘ARIZONA - Average boll infestations 6-8 percent in Yuma County ‘cotton fields. Increased in Safford area with many more fields placed on spray schedule in Graham County. (Ariz. Coop. Sum.) CALIFORNIA - Single nonsterile moth taken in trap in Old River ‘and one in Mettler Station, Kern County. This brings season's ‘total to 7 nonsterile moth collections. Sterile drops continued iat increased rate. (Cal. Coop. Rpt.). WESTERN GRAPELEAF SKELETONIZER (Harrisinia brillians) - CALIFORNIA- Additional properties and blocks added to infestation in San Jose, Santa Clara County; now involves 121 city blocks. Previous infes- tations under treatment or survey in El Dorado, Yolo, Placer, Sacramento, Siskiyou, and Fresno Counties remain negative. (Cal. iCoop. Rpt.). WHITEFRINGED BEETLES (Graphognathus spp.) - SOUTH CAROLINA - G. leucoloma striatus collected from aster in parking area of restaur2nt in Barnwell, Barnwell County, August 3 by P.W. Langford. LOUISIANA - G. leucoloma fecundus coliected from goldenrod on ‘railroad property at Joyce, Winn Parish, August 8 by L.L. Sandoz. Determined by V.H. Owens. Confirmed by R.E. Warner. These are new county and new parish records. (PP). - 607 - TRAP COLLECTIONS LIGHT 1 668 - elt i ea) Ono 00 a 4 oho a Ac st aeras eo < o>) oO el ttt 0 Ser a 19 oo x mio 00 lO N 00 se) o aso (oa) N NAN =i ) w o ae el ice) ie) N ei ron o el rel wo et Nwore © 4 = toate) © | Sl) meet =| | a (pl miata q iz ical] mmm fa ay OQ Oo A a a wt N ei oa a ° * 9 0 1 ) x Ad I 1 feo) ~ WN oO mcd ite) ci (=) ite) ei fea) NN Pl N ise >) ome a Las a On Ee) ~N Nm ato ei S ONAN ~N x aro 30 oO oN iti ro) r) 11 00 00 ao ANN ON r) tac 1 0 00 ao oN Tit Oo © ® ANA re) o eacie ese) © 0 ono a ei PH “NT oN N ei on™ Pp oO™ i] NAN a ei PH iv) 00 ~N 4 eo.) © Og SXNNX HO oa ao ro ee) a O38 i) ooo AP > aa peox > D&O aa Pee) A, bo ® a2 WEPO u a ged eee peh Zeop Fe oo So8 B98°9 ® <0 Oar oad ae 2800 noi ga ap mPpos BE) ag ODO NUES Odd UAGH NA Pp NPP AAs a ed BHe theo DEX HHhO HM OW GHO DHE oS 2a aoge Adda HOO Hosea na NO Ca) aao Go BS S808 Zone 20H Of=H AF DA MAH FHTH ce alia 2 g = a), ee ee B fc) Fy <4 = = = LIGHT TRAP COLLECTIONS OREGON (County) Lane 8/25-30 Marion 8/24-30 Multonomah 8/24-30 PENNSYLVANIA (District) Central 8/22-30 Southeast 8/22-30 Southwest 8/22-30 SOUTH DAKOTA (County) Brookings 8/22-25 TENNESSEE (County) Dyer 8/25-9/1 Franklin 8/25-9/1 Madison 8/25-9/1 1 a Oo © TEXAS Waco 8/31 Holland 8/23-25 Montgomery 8/24-30 Warsaw 8/23-29 VIRGINIA Hartford 8/22-28 Lancaster 8/21-27 Mazomanie 8/23-29 WISCONSIN DETECTION i - TH New State Records - A CHRYSOMELID BEETLE (Galeruca rudis) SOU DAKOTA — Harding County. (p. 599). A SPIDER MITE (Eurytetranychus buxis) - PENNSYLVANIA - Dauphin County. (p. 604). New County and Parish Records - BANDEDWING WHITEFLY (Trialeurodes abutilonea) ALABAMA - Baldwin, Escambia (p. 601). EUROPEAN CORN BORER (Ostrinia nubilalis) KANSAS - Trego (pp. 598-599). EUROPEAN EARWIG (Forficula auricularia) MICHIGAN - Beulah (p. 604). EUROPEAN PINE SAWFLY (Neodiprion sertifer) SOUTH DAKOTA - Perkins, Todd (p. 605). FACE FLY (Musca autumnalis) GEORGIA -— Meriwether (p. 605). A LACE BUG (Stephanitis takeyai) PENNSYLVANIA —- Wayne (p. 604). WESTERN CORN ROOTWORM (Diabrotica virgifera) MICHIGAN — Barry, Kent, Ionia, Eaton, St. Joseph (p. 598). WHITEFRINGED BEETLES (Graphognathus spp.) SOUTH CAROLINA - Barnwell. LOUISIANA — Winn (p. 607). Weather of the week continued from page 596. Plains. As the weekend approached, thunderstorms were widespread from the upper Great Lakes to the southern Great Plains. Also, a tropical depression was shaping up off the Carolina coast and a low was forming in the eastern part of the Gulf of Mexico. A cold front pushed into the northern Great Plains as the weekend approached. The leading edge of cold air set off showers and thunderstorms. Light rains, 2 to 4 inches in 24 hours, fell in east-central Kansas Friday and Saturday causing substantial flooding along Gypsum Creek and Turkey Creek and tributaries of the lower Smoky Hole River. Flooding also occurred in south-central New Mexico due to heavy showers in that area. Meanwhile, tropical storm Carrie was dumping heavy rainfall in eastern Massachusetts —-- 8 inches southwest of Hyannis Port and over 5 inches at Chatham in 6 hours. Weekly totals at spots in Massachusetts exceeded 10 inches. TEMPERATURES: High pressure extending from California to the | Appalachians and from the Great Lakes to the Gulf of Mexico early in the week brought comfortable temperatures and lower relative humidity to much of the Nation. Onshore breezes cooled the Pacific Northwest. Lewiston, Idaho, registered 102 degrees Monday but no higher than 84 degrees Wednesday. Hot, muffy air still covered the South and East. At midweek, a cold front pushed from Canada across the Great Lakes region. It brought cooler, drier air to the Northeast but oppressive summer heat continued in the South. Pleasant weather followed the frontal passage as it moved south- ward and eastward. Another front pushed into the northern Great Plains as the weekend approached. Temperatures fell into the 30's in northern Minnesota and below freezing in the central Rockies. Afternoon temperatures in the 60'S were common Thursday and Friday over the northern Great Plains after the frontal passage. Cool air spread southward and eastward bringing a touch of autumn to much of the Nation. Elkins, West Virginia, recorded 54 degrees Sunday morning. This is 12 degrees below normal. Parts of the central Great Plains averaged 5 to 11 degrees cooler than normal. - 610 - 7 (9 rey U.S. DEPARTMENT OF AGRICULTURE KYA 2 YATTSVILLE, MARYLAND 20782 POSTAGE AND FEES PAID OFFICIAL BUSINESS U.S. DEPARTMENT OF PENALTY FOR PRIVATE USE, $300 AGRICULTURE AGR 101 0004 SMINLISMIA1L22 are SMITHSONIAN NST ARIES SMITHSONIAN INS WASHINGTON pc 20560 il. 22 No. 3] September 15, 1972 tee ae Cooperative Economic Insect Report Issued by PLANT PROTECTION AND QUARANTINE PROGRAMS ANIMAL AND PLANT HEALTH INSPECTION SERVICE U.S.DEPARTMENT OF AGRICULTURE Y «, ( i Wi it ANIMAL AND PLANT HEALTH INSPECTION SERVICE PLANT PROTECTION AND QUARANTINE PROGRAMS ECONOMIC INSECT SURVEY AND DETECTION STAFF The Cooperative Economic Insect Report is issued weekly as a service to American Agriculture. Its contents are compiled from information supplied by cooperating State, Federal, and industrial entomologists and other agricultural workers. In releasing this material the Service serves as a clearing house and does not assume responsibility for ac- curacy of the material. All reports and inquiries pertaining to this release, including the mailing list, should be sent to: CEIR Pest Survey and Technical Support Staff Plant Protection and Quarantine Programs Animal and Plant Health Inspection Service United States Department of Agriculture Federal Center Building Hyattsville, Maryland 20782 Volume 22 September 15, 1972 Number 37 COOPERATIVE ECONOMIC INSECT REPORT HIGHLIGHTS Current Conditions First CORN EARWORM moths of season taken in southeastern Lower Michigan and in Willamette Valley of Oregon. (p. 613). SPOTTED ALFALFA APHID ranged light to heavy on alfalfa in Arkansas Valley of Colorado. (p. 614). LESSER CORNSTALK BORER ranged light to heavy on dryland peanuts in central Texas, some damage reported in Alabama. (p. 617). BOLL WEEVIL moderate to heavy in most cotton in Rolling Plains of Texas. (p. 618). GREEN PEACH APHID heavy on potatoes in northwest Oregon and in central Wisconsin. (pp. 619-620). PECAN WEEVIL and PECAN NUT CASEBEARER damaged pecans in north- central and central Texas. (p. 621). FACE FLY in Maryland and Wisconsin and STABLE FLY in Wisconsin annoyed dairy cattle. (pp. 622-623). Detection ALFALFA LEAF BLOTCH-MINER reported for first time in Maine. (p. 616). For new county records see page 620. Special Reports Khapra Beetle. Additional Selected References 1967-1969. (pp. 628-630). The name of the Economic Insect Survey and Detection Staff @ has been changed to the Pest Survey and Technical Support Staff effective September 3. This name change is reflected on the inside of the front cover. Reports in this issue are for week ending September 8 unless otherwise indicated. - 611 - CONTENTS Special Insects of Regional Significance oe 27 oc oe ciel vee eesti .613 Insects Affecting Corn, Sorghum, Sugarcane....614 Miscellaneous Field Crops.619 SHV (Greets sod db aa olbocc --615 Potatoes, Tomatoes, Turf, Pastures, Rangeland...615 PEP DET Sisi'sji - 627 - WEST VIRGINIA (County) Harrison 8/29 Monongalia 8/22 Ohio 8/28 Hartford 8/29-9/4 Lancaster 8/28-9/5 Mazomanie 8/30-9/5 WISCONSIN KHAPRA BEETLE (Trogoderma granarium Everts) Additional Selected References 1967-1969 These references supplement those published in CEIR 19(40):770, 1969. Copies of these bibliographies are available from Pest Survey and Technical Support Staff. Adeesan, C., Rahalkar, G. W., and Tamhankar, A. J. 1969. Effect of age and previous mating on the response of khapra beetle males to female sex pheromone. Ent. Expt. et Appl. 12(2):229- 234. Ger. Sum. Agarwal, H. C. and Pillai, M. K. K. 1967. Laboratory evaluation of certain organophosphorus insecticides against Trogoderma granarium Everts. Indian J. Ent. 29(4):346-348. Atwal, A. S., Sidhu, A. S., and Gupta, J. C. 1968. Studies on the growth of populations of Trogoderma granarium Everts and Callosobruchus analis (Fabricius). Indian J. Ent. 30(3):185- LOT, Bhattacharya, A. K. and Pant, N. C. 1968. Dietary efficiency of natural, Ssemisynthetic and synthetic diets with special reference to qualitative amino acid requirements of the khapra beetle, Trogoderma granarium Everts (Coleoptera: Dermestidae). J. Stored Prod. Res. 4(3):249-257. Bhattacharya, A. K. and Pant, N. C. 1969. Growth and development of khapra beetle, Trogoderma granarium Everts (Col., Dermestidae) on pulses. Bul. Ent. Res. 59(3):383-388. Bhattacharya, A. K. and Pant, N. C. 1969. Nature of growth inhibitors for Trogoderma granarium Everts (Coleoptera: Dermestidae) in lentil (lens esculenta Moench.) and French bean (Phaseolus vulgaris L.). J. Stored Prod. Res. 5(4):379- 388. Bhattacharya, A. K. and Pant, N. C. 1969. Nutritional behaviour of Trogoderma granarium Everts (Coleoptera: Dermestidae) on leguminous seeds. J. Stored Prod. Res. 4(4):305-315. Deuse, J. 1968. Report. 1. On the discovery of several foci of Trogoderma granarium in Mali and on the provisional measures advised to combat this pest. 2. Review of existing ‘anti- Trogoderma' legislation in the English-speaking countries of Africa and proposals for Similar legislative measures for French-speaking Africa. Report of a mission 16th Sept.-1 Oct. 1967. (Paris Inst. Rech. Agron. Trop. Cult: Vava eine bce Esin, T. 1967. Investigations on the use of Phostoxin for the control of larvae of the khapra beetle (T. granarium). Anz. Schdadlingsk. 40(1):9-12. - 628 - Haque, H., Anwar, M. S., and Begum, A. 1969. Control of khapra beetle in larval stage by use of malathion. Agr. Pakistan 20(3) :279-286. Ikan, R., Bergmann, E. D., Yinon, U., and Shulov, A. 1969. Identification, synthesis and biological activity of an "assembling scent" from the beetle Trogoderma granarium. Nature (London) 223(5203):317. Kantack, B. H. and Staples, R. 1969. The biology and ecology of Trogoderma: glabrum (Herbst) in stored grains. Nebr. Agr. Expt. Sta. Res. Bul. 232. 24 pp. Karnavar, G. K. and Nair, K. S. S. 1969. Changes in body weight, fat, glycogen, and protein during diapause of Trogoderma granarium. J. Insect Physiol. 15(1):95-103. Levinson, H. Z. and Bar Ilan, A. R. 1967. Funetion and properties of an assembling scent in the khapra beetle Trogoderma granarium. Riv. di Parassitol. 28(1):27-42. Ttal. Sun. Pant, J. C., Doharey, R. B., and Pant, N. C. 1969. Tolerance of Trogoderma granarium Everts to higher levels of inorganic salts in the artificial diet. Indian J. Ent. 31(1):95-97. Punj, G. K. and Girish, G. K. 1969. Relative toxicity of certain fumigants to Trogoderma granarium Everts (Coleoptera, Dermestidae). J. Stored Prod. Res. 4(4) :339-342. Punj, G. K. and Prasad, S. K. 1969. Growth and developmental response of Trogoderma granarium Everts on certain pulses. Bul. Grain Technol. 7(2):80-86. Rao, K. D. P. and Agarwal, H. C. 1969. Lipids of the larvae and adults of Trogoderma granarium (Coleoptera). Compar. Biochem. Physiol. 30(1):161-167. Rattan Lal and Attri, B. S. 1967. Effect of food on the suscepti- bility of Trogoderma granarium Everts (Dermestidae: Coleoptera) to insecticides. Indian J. Ent. 29(4) :329-338. Reddy, D. B. 1969. Distribution of khapra beetle in the South East Asia and Pacific Region. Inf. Let. FAO Plant Protect. Comm. S. E. Asia No. 70. 3 pp. Currently occurring only in India and West Pakistan. Sohi, G. S. 1969. Influence of temperature and humidity on the phototropic response of the larvae of Trogoderma granarium Everts (Dermestidae; Coleoptera). Punjab Agr. Univ. J. Res. 6(1, Suppl.) :233-236. Stanic, V. and Shulov, A. 1969. Olfactory response of Trogoderma granarium adults (Col., Dermest.) to odours of wheat, faeces and some faecal components. J. Stored Prod. Res. 5(4) :299- 304. Verma, A. N. and Punj, G. K. 1969. Effect of nutrition on suscep- tibility of larvae of Trogoderma granarium Everts to ethylene oxide. Bul. Grain Technol. 7(3):150-153. - 629 - Yinon, U. and Shulov, A. 1967. New findings concerning pheromones produced by Trogoderma granarium (Everts), (Coleoptera, Dermestidae). J. Stored Prod. Res. 3(3):251-254. Yinon, U. and Shulov, A. 1969. Bioassay of the response of Tribolium castaneum to repellent substance excreted by Trogoderma granarium. Ent. Expt. et Appl. 12(2):191-205. Ger. Sum. Yinon, U. and Shulov, A. 1969. Distribution of Trogoderma granarium (Col. Dermestidae) at constant humidity and in gradient of humidity. J. Stored Prod. Res. 5(4):371-378. U.S. Dept. Agr. Prepared by Pest Survey and Coop. Econ. Ins. Rpt. Technical Support Staff 22 (37) :628-630, 1972 - 630 - U.S. DEPARTMENT OF AGRICULTURE HYATTSVILLE, MARYLAND 20782 POSTAGE AND FEES PAID OFFICIAL BUSINESS U.S. DEPARTMENT OF PENALTY FOR PRIVATE USE, $300 AGRICULTURE AGR 101 122 34037 0001 0004 SMINLISMIA SMITHSON ARTES SMI WASHINGTON LAN INSTIT i THSON IAN INST pc 20560 YTLON LIBR-- VOL. 22 No. 38 September 22 1972 C77 “Cooperative Economic Insect Report Issued by : PLANT PROTECTION AND QUARANTINE PROGRAMS ANIMAL AND PLANT HEALTH INSPECTION SERVICE U.S DEPARTMENT OF AGRICULTURE ANIMAL AND PLANT HEALTH INSPECTION SERVICE PLANT PROTECTION AND QUARANTINE PROGRAMS ECONOMIC INSECT SURVEY AND DETECTION STAFF The Cooperative Economic Insect Report is issued weekly as a service to American Agriculture. Its contents are compiled from information supplied by cooperating State, Federal, and industrial entomologists and other agricultural workers. In releasing this material the Service serves as a Clearing house and does not assume responsibility for ac- curacy of the material. All reports and inquiries pertaining to this release, including the mailing list, should be sent to: CEIR Pest Survey and Technical Support Staff Plant Protection and Quarantine Programs Animal and Plant Health Inspection Service United States Department of Agriculture Federal Center Building Hyattsville, Maryland 20782 Volume 22 September 22, 1972 Number 38 COOPERATIVE ECONOMIC INSECT REPORT HIGHLIGHTS Current Conditions GREENBUG and FALL ARMYWORM heavy but spotty in newly planted small grain in west-central Oklahoma. GREENBUG economic on early winter wheat in south-central South Dakota. (pp. 633-634, 635). A DELPHACID PLANTHOPPER heavy and damaged improved grasses throughout much of lower Rio Grande Valley in Texas. (p. 635). ALFALFA CATERPILLAR heavily damaged much alfalfa in Salt River Valley of Arizona. (p. 635). VELVETBEAN CATERPILLAR ranged light to heavy on soybeans in west-— central Alabama and southern Georgia; late soybeans may be badly damaged in Alabama if drought broken by rains sufficient to produce normal crop. (p. 636). SOUTHERN PINE BEETLE moderate to heavy on pines in northwest South Carolina. MOUNTAIN PINE BEETLE damaged lodgepole pines in Lake Tahoe area of California. COOLEY SPRUCE GALL APHID heavy on blue spruce in Cuba Ranger District of Santa Fe National Forest in New Mexico. Heavy VARIABLE OAKLEAF CATERPILLAR population in Missouri collapsed due to parasitism by an unspecified scelionid wasp. (pp. 639-640). Detection New State records include a SCOLYTID in Virginia (p. 640), an ENCYRTID WASP in Maryland (p. 642), and an ELATERID in Hawaii (p. 644). For new county records see page 643. Special Reports Khapra Beetle. Selected References 1947-1966. (pp. 647-653). Reports in this issue are for week ending September 15 unless otherwise indicated. - 631 - CONTENTS Special Insects of Regional Significance............ Papa eR Ic <0) 2 633 Insects Affecting Corn, Sorghum, Sugarcane...634 Beans and Peas............. 637 Sma Pi sGrainsS ss ci. ss cc esse. © 0 oie 635 General Vegetables.........637 Turf, Pastures, Rangeland..635 Deciduous Fruits and Nuts..638 Forage Legumes.......... Suc GOO ORC 1 CLUS. oy eee ee PEE acy Onc . 638 SOyIDEANS ewer eas snes een 636~ Small Fruits... ssc 639 COG GOD sane c, we eicle et usce sees nee -636 Forest and Shade Trees..... 639 Potatoes, Tomatoes, Man and Animals............640 PEPPERS oo: iis Gi aieleve-aeeeriens 637 Households and Structures. .641 Beneficial Insects os ise oe ee ee eee 642 Federal and State Plant Protection Programs. F .. i foes eens . 642 DE CSC EMON 605 ce ais, avis ai ares o 0 6 cre sueicie wets co 6 es 6 chs vss cus cteRenneneneneneee 643 CornectwoOnS som. ss se oe eee a RCRA ROE MER aac EI MOMS icubKGdomio OOOO DOC 643 Hawata- Insect: Reporitiés oie ees) OS28 2 Pe ee ees eee PRP icy ch con -644 Light Trap. COLLCETIONS ie b.. Rk ie ce wie « etecaele 6 chee ne .645 Khapra Beetle. Selected References 1947-1966............. wo TOA Weather “ottheWeeker 7. . sk cece s eee eee Soe oie eh eee Sie 3 ate 654 NATIONAL WEATHER SERVICE'S 30-DAY OUTLOOK MID-SEPTEMBER TO MID-OCTOBER 1972 The National Weather Service's 30-day outlook for mid-September to mid-October calls for temperatures to average below seasonal normals over the western half of the Nation except for near to above normal over the southern Plains. Above normal temperatures are indicated for the eastern third of the Nation except for near normal in the south Atlantic Coast States. In unspecified areas near normal temperatures are in prospect. Precipitation is expected to exceed normal from the Rockies to the Midwest and the lower Mississippi Valley as well as over portions of the central and southern Plateau. Subnormal totals are indicated for the west coast States and the middle and north Atlantic coast. Elsewhere near normal precipitation is expected. Weather forecast given here is based on the official 30-day "Resume and Outlook" published twice a month by the National Weather Service. You can subscribe through the Superintendent of Documents, Washington, D.C. 20250. Price $5.00 a year. - 632 - SPECIAL INSECTS OF REGIONAL SIGNIFICANCE ARMYWORM (Pseudaletia unipuncta) - CALIFORNIA - Larvae severely damaged field corn in Hanford area, Kings County. One 60-acre field completely stripped. Damage variable in other fields. Infestation probably related to amount of water grass in corn plantings. (Cal. Coop. Rpt.). COLORADO - Larvae of this species and Spodoptera frugiperda (fall armyworm) caused some injury to barley in Loma and Fruita areas of Mesa County. (Bulla). KANSAS - Blacklight trap catches of P. unipuncta indicate significant moth flights in Barton and Greeley Counties. (Bell). CORN EARWORM (Heliothis zea) - DELAWARE —- Adults continued to increase in blacklight traps in Sussex County; averaged 25 per night for 5 locations. (Burbutis, Kelsey). VIRGINIA - Light on soybeans throughout Coastal Plain. (Allen et al.). Moth collec- tions still light, 33 taken past 14 days. Some injury seen in late tomatoes, damage to soybeans less than usual in Accomack and Northampton Counties. (Hofmaster). KENTUCKY - Larvae averaged 1 per head in no-till grain sorghum in Todd County. (Barnett, Raney). ILLINOIS - None found in 110 cornfields surveyed in western and central districts. (I1l. Ins. Rpt.). NORTH CAROLINA - Damage seen in 15 late soybean fields from Duplin County to Robeson County. One 5-acre Robeson County field had 85 percent pod loss. Populations in most fields in area declined below threshold level. (Hunt, Mears). ALABAMA - Only occasional larva observed on pods in. soybean fields examined in Sumter, Marengo, and Wilcox Counties. (McQueen). MISSISSIPPI - H. zea light to moderate in soybeans in Walthall and Monroe Counties. (Robinson). TEXAS - Light and generally local in grain sorghum in Motley County. One larva per head found in 10 percent of plants. (Pallmeyer). UTAH - Infested 90 percent of ears on field corn at Newcastle, Iron County; infestations averaged 10 percent in experimental corn in Box Elder, Salt Lake, Utah, Weber, Morgan, and Millard Counties. (McAlister, Knowlton). Infestation in canning sweet corn lighter than normal in Box Elder County. (Duncan). CORN LEAF APHID (Rhopalosiphum maidis) - MAINE - Threatening infestations in some cornfields in many areas decreased past 2 weeks; none found in many fields. Lady beetle larvae searching for food, adults moved to lambsquarters and gardens. (Gall). NEBRASKA - Colonies of this species and R. fitchii (apple grain aphid) heavy on ears of field corn at scattered locations in central, east, and northeast crop districts. No controls needed. (Roselle, Keith). IDAHO - Infestations in backyard sweet corn all but eliminated by Hippodamia convergens (convergent lady beetle) and Chrysopa spp. (green lacewings) in Moscow area, Latah County. (Portman) . GREENBUG (Schizaphis graminum) - TEXAS - Light to moderate on grain sorghum in Martin County. (Neeb). OKLAHOMA - Heavy in spots in newly planted small grain in Custer County. (Okla. Coop. Sur.). NEBRASKA - Scattered colonies of 5-35 individuals seen on occasional sorghum plants in Gage, Seward, Butler, and Madison Counties. Some parasitized. (Roselle et al.). SOUTH DAKOTA - Infested all early planted winter wheat in Lyman County. Some fields more heavily infested than others, most economic. Winter wheat in-l-leaf stage in field south of Kennebec, Lyman County, severely infested with 2-5 alate females and 10-30 nymphs per - 633 - leaf. Controls applied in some fields. Present in sorghum in same area but noneconomic. (Jones). SPOTTED ALFALFA APHID (Therioaphis maculata) - NEVADA - Spread from 80 acres of alfalfa in Diamond Valley, Eureka County, (see CEIR 22(35):574) to all alfalfa fields checked in valley; also found in Bean Flat area of county. Ranged 5-20 per sweep. (Lauderdale, Smith). CORN, SORGHUM, SUGARCANE EUROPEAN CORN BORER (Ostrinia nubilalis) - KANSAS - Larva found in stem of sorghum plant in field in Woodson County; overall infestation not determined. Recent blacklight trap catches indicated substantial second-generation moth flight in Brown County. (Bell). IOWA - Larvae infested 58 percent of plants in 20 cornfields observed in Polk County. Larvae per plant averaged 1.4; about same as 1971. (Iowa Ins. Sur.). WISCONSIN - Larvae heavy in some late sweet corn. In Dodge County, 24 percent of ears in late field infested with larvae ranging from first through third instar. In Dane County, some late fields with 10+ percent of | ears infested. In corn near harvest, infestation averaged 4 percent throughout State. Treatment underway in northeastern counties. (Wis. Ins. Sur.). KENTUCKY - Larvae ranged 3-4 per head in no-till grain sorghum in Todd County. (Barnett, Raney). DELAWARE - Adults averaged 8 per night in blacklight traps at 5 locations in Sussex County. (Burbutis, Kelsey). CORN ROOTWORMS (Diabrotica spp.) - IDAHO - D. virgifera (western corn rootworm) adults averaged about 4 per 40-50 plants and ears in 7 cornfields in vicinities of Dayton, Weston, and Franklin in Franklin County. Scattered incidents of incomplete development of ear tips reported. Root damage insignificant, no lodging observed. (Tovery, Slack). WISCONSIN - D. longicornis (northern corn root- worm) adults numerous, ranged 1-3 adults per ear in some late corn in Manitowoc and Sheboygan Counties. Much silk feeding noted in some fields. (Wis. Ins. Sur.). MICHIGAN - D. virgifera adults collected from field corn in Waverly Township, Van Buren County, September 8 by D. Kaiser. Determined by R.F. Ruppel. This is a new county record. (Ruppel). INDIANA - D. virgifera adult collected in White County September 9 by R. Elliott. This is a new county record. All counties in northwest and north-central districts now infested. (Meyer). RICE WEEVIL (Sitophilus oryzae) - MISSISSIPPI - Infested about 20 percent of ears in 250 acres of corn in Amite County. Light, but increased in grain sorghum in Noxubee County. (Robinson). CHINCH BUG (Blissus leucopterus leucopterus) - KANSAS = Nymphs and adults ranged 5-20 per plant in one of 4 cornfields checked in each of Shawnee, Osage, and Wabaunsee Counties. (Bell). SORGHUM MIDGE (Contarinia sorghicola) - KANSAS - Moderate in heads of late sorghum in Woodson County field; adults emerged. Last report of significant infestations in sorghum in State from Wilson and Montgomery Counties during September 1971. (Bell). BANKS GRASS MITE (Oligonychus pratensis) - TEXAS - Counts and damage decreased on grain sorghum in El Paso and Pecos Valley areas due to heavy rain, cool nights, and higher than normal relative humidity. (Neeb). - 634 - SMALL GRAINS FALL ARMYWORM (Spodoptera frugiperda) - OKLAHOMA - Heavy in spots in newly planted small grain in Custer County. Light, spotted infestations reported in Jackson County. (Okla. Coop. Sur.). APPLE GRAIN APHID (Rhopalosiphum fitchii) - NEBRASKA - Averaged about 10 per plant in wheatfield near McCook, Red Willow County. (Campbell). TURF, PASTURES, RANGELAND A DELPHACID PLANTHOPPER (Delphacodes propinqua) - TEXAS - Heavy and damaged improved grasses throughout much of lower Rio Grande Valley. Large numbers reported from several locations with heavy deposits of honeydew in damaged fields. Control treatments not too successful. (Deer). RHODESGRASS SCALE (Antonina graminis) - ARIZONA - Heavy in many St. Augustine and Bermuda grass lawns at Phoenix, Maricopa County. (Ariz. Coop. Sur.). FALL ARMYWORM (Spodoptera frugiperda) - ALABAMA - Larvae fed on Coastal Bermuda grass in Coosa County. Followed usual pattern, damaged grass fertilized with poultry litter. This is first occurance in county in 4-5 years. Light in grass and late corn in 2 areas of Marengo County. (Sessions, Yates). FORAGE LEGUMES ALFALFA CATERPILLAR (Colias eurytheme) - ARIZONA - Larvae caused very heavy damage in many alfalfa fields in Salt River Valley, Maricopa County. Controls necessary. Average counts per 100 Sweeps in Yuma County: Yuma Mesa 110, Yuma Valley 20, Gila Valley 320, Dome Valley 260. Averaged 9 per 100 sweeps west of Phoenix, Maricopa County. (Ariz. Coop. Sur.). NEW MEXICO - Moderate to heavy adult flights noted in alfalfa in Sunland Park area of Dona Ana County. (Hare). COLORADO - Larvae light in alfalfa in Arkansas Valley. (Schweissing). ALFALFA SEED CHALCID (Bruchophagus roddi) - NEVADA - Heavy adult emergence began in Dixie Valley of Churchill and Pershing Counties August 18 with 34-75 percent of curls of roadside and field border alfalfa plants infested. Emergence began in Orovada area, Humboldt County, week of September 8 with up to 75 percent of curls on roadside and field border plants infested. Potential Overwintering populations from these plants will be high unless Sanitary practices employed. (Lauderdale). PEA APHID (Acyrthosiphon pisum) - OHIO - Ranged up to 30 per Sweep in Mercer County alfalfa, but counts of 1-11 per sweep more common. Parasitized aphids few in number but increasing. (Fox). GRASSHOPPERS - WISCONSIN - Only pest of alfalfa in State. Popula- ‘tions heavier than normal in eastern Fond du Lac County, about 30 per square yard. Relatively heavy along roadsides and fence rows in Sheboygan and Manitowoc Counties; much feeding on corn silks noted in these counties. Heavy in alfalfa in Green County and in scattered fields in Grant and Iowa Counties. (Wis. Ins. Sur.). - 635 - SOYBEANS VELVETBEAN CATERPILLAR (Anticarsia gemmatalis) - ALABAMA - Leaf feeding by full-grown larvae ranged light to heavy on all fields examined in Sumter, Marengo, and Wilcox Counties. Several fields of late soybeans planted behind small grain showed 35-65 percent leaf loss. Some controls applied in Sumter and Wilcox Counties. Adults flying in all counties. Late soybeans may be badly damaged if extreme drought broken by rains sufficient to produce normal crop. (McQueen). GEORGIA - Ranged light to heavy over southern area. (French). ARKANSAS - First specimens of season taken in few soybean fields in Yell County. (Boyer). MEXICAN BEAN BEETLE (Epilachna varivestis) - VIRGINIA - Damaging populations spotty throughout Coastal Plain with more damage seen in Northern Neck area. Treatment recommended when adults and/or larvae average 5+ per row foot unless soybeans fully matured. ((Nilileim G15 filo) < BEAN LEAF BEETLE (Cerotoma trifurcata) - ARKANSAS - Fed on soy- bean pods in Hempstead County. Pod feeding generally light over State. (Boyer). KENTUCKY - Adults averaged 2 per row foot in 120 | acres of soybeans in Todd County. (Barnett, Raney). COTTON BOLLWORMS (Heliothis spp.) - GEORGIA - Egg and larval counts decreased, probably temporarily, in southern area. (French et al.). ARKANSAS - H. virescens continued heavy in extreme southern | area. Heliothis spp. moth activity continued heavy in most areas | of State. Egg deposition very heavy on green cotton. Moth activity) very light in extreme northeast area. (Boyer). OKLAHOMA - H. zea damaged squares ranged 60-70 percent in many Caddo and Washita ~ County fields. Percent damaged squares by county: Kiowa O-9, Harmon 0-3, Jackson 0-14. Large numbers of eggs still found in irrigated fields in Jackson County. Square damage ranged 1-9 percent and boll damage ranged 1-20 percent in Bryan County. Light to moderate in Marshall County. In Wagoner and Muskogee Counties, eggs ranged 1-67 per 100 terminals and boll damage ranged 1-8 percent. (Okla. Coop. Sur.). TEXAS - H. zea moderate in El Paso County. Eggs moderate to heavy | in Pecos and Reeves Counties with heavy damage to young bolls and squares. Eggs ranged 15-120 per 100 terminals with 10-15 eggs per terminal on 5 percent of plants in some fields. In Pecos and Reeves Counties, H. zea larvae ranged 3-35 per 100 plants; square and boll counts showed 3-35 percent damage. Midland, Martin! and Glasscock Counties reported 10-40 eggs per 100 terminals, 2-12 larvae per 100 plants, and 4-25 percent damaged squares and | bolls. Control in Pecos Valley difficult; in many fields only | first-instar larvae controlled with sprays. H. virescens increased: in fields in Pecos Valley area. About 30-50 percent of bollworm | and budworm complex this species. (Neeb). ARIZONA - Controls still necessary in Maricopa, Pinal, and Yuma Counties for Heliothis { spp. Damage heavy in treated fields at Thatcher, Graham County. } (Ariz. Coop’. Sux.) CABBAGE LOOPER (Trichoplusia ni) - OKLAHOMA - Heavy defoliation reported in spots in several fields in Jackson County. (Okla. Coop. Sur.). TENNESSEE - Larvae defoliated many late maturing fields in western area. In many cases, feeding aided maturing of - 636 - cotton. (Gordon, Bruer). ALABAMA - Larvae of Trichoplusia ni and Pseudoplusia includens (soybean looper ) caused heavy defoliation of plants in many fields in Sumter and Marengo Counties. Drought caused 25-50 percent leaf drop; loopers caused 35-80 percent of remaining leaves to drop and may have caused some loss of top bolls. (McQueen). COTTON LEAFPERFORATOR (Bucculatrix thurberiella) - TEXAS - Heavy in isolated fields in Balmorhea area of Reeves County. Counts around field margins ranged 6-8 larvae per cotton leaf. (Green). SALTMARSH CATERPILLAR (Estigmene acrea) - ARIZONA - Built up in Bowie area of Cochise County. Very light and scattered in Graham County. (Ariz. Coop. Sur'.). BOLL WEEVIL (Anthonomus grandis) - ALABAMA - Feeding by emerging weevils heavy, with 2-20 punctures per young boll in many fields in western area. (McQueen). OKLAHOMA - Punctured square counts averaged 100 percent in many Caddo and Washita County fields. Percent punctured squares by county: Greer 0-17, Jackson 0-23, . Kiowa 0-21, Bryan 1-12; moderate in Marshall County. (Okla. Coop. Sur.). TEXAS - Moderate to heavy in northeastern Glasscock County, heavy in Presidio County. (Neeb). POTATOES, TOMATOES, PEPPERS POTATO SCAB GNAT (Pnyxia scabiei) - WASHINGTON - Trace infesta-— tion found September 8 in 120 acres of potatoes at Patterson, Benton County. This is a new county record. (Landis, Foeppel). VARIEGATED CUTWORM (Peridroma saucia) - NEW HAMPSHIRE - Severely damaged tomato crop in untreated field in Hillsboro County; most of crop lost. Holes eaten in fruit. Adults emerged in laboratory September 9 from larvae collected August 11. (Bowman, Morse). BEANS AND PEAS LESSER CORNSTALK BORER (Elasmopalpus lignosellus) - CALIFORNIA - Heavily infested blackeye beans in Arvin area, Kern County; 300 acres of 3 varieties involved. One-half of plants appear affected. Low production from surviving crop expected. In past 5 years, this . pest only economic north of Tehachapi Mountains. Damage increased each year in beans, milo, and corn, particularly where milo follows blackeye beans in double cropping. Drought this year eliminated much of double cropping. (Cal. Coop. Rpt.). GENERAL VEGETABLES BLACK SWALLOWTAIL (Papilio polyxenes asterius) - SOUTH CAROLINA - Larvae found feeding on celery in Richland County September 8 by O. Huff. Determined by D.K. Pollet. This is a new county record. (McCaskill). - 637 - DECIDUOUS FRUITS AND NUTS FALL WEBWORM (Hyphantria cunea) - TEXAS - Infestations increased on pecan trees throughout Trans-Pecos area. (Neeb). OKLAHOMA - Second-generation larvae moderate to heavy on pecan, walnut, and persimmon in south-central counties and in Coal, Atoka, and Choctaw Counties. Moderate on pecans in Garfield County. (Okla. Coop. Sur.). PEACHTREE BORER (Sanninoidea exitiosa) - OKLAHOMA - Heavy in untreated peach trees in Marshall County. (Okla. Coop. Sur.). FRUITTREE LEAFROLLER (Archips argyrospilus) - WASHINGTON - Partial second generations of A. argyrospilus and A. rosanus (a tortricid moth) appeared in unsprayed pear trees at Wenatchee, Chelan County.. Male moths taken in pheromone traps through August, larvae seen during July. This is a new county record for A. rosanus. (Burts, ' Brunner) . BLACK PECAN APHID (Tinocallis caryaefoliae) - TEXAS - Light infes- tations, 5-10 per leaf, attacked pecan trees in Brazos County. (Green). CITRUS Insect Situation in Florida - End of August - CITRUS RUST MITE (Phyllocoptruta oleivora) infested 72 (norm 57) percent of groves; economic in 58 (norm 39) percent. Population decreased briefly but expected to increase in late September and persist above nor- mal and at high level through November. Heavy infestations expected in 30 percent of groves. Highest districts south, central, north, west, and east. TEXAS CITRUS MITE (Eutetranychus banksi) infested 41 (norm 22) percent of groves; economic in 16 (morm 8) percent. Population decreased but was highest on record for August. Although further decrease to low level predicted through September, population will remain higher than average. Highest districts are west and central. CITRUS RED MITE (Panonychus citri) infested 13 (norm 28) percent of groves; economic in 3 (norm 12) percent. In contrast, population is lowest on record for August. Although it will remain very low in all districts, scattered groves will develop important infestations in November. BLACK SCALE (Saissetia oleae) infested 82 (norm 57) percent of groves; economic in 58 (norm 35) percent. August population is highest in 21 years of record but is lower than at mid-July peak. Population will remain above normal and in high range into December despite gradual decrease. Highest districts central, north, west, and east. AN ARMORED SCALE (Unaspis citri) infested 36 percent of groves; economic in 27 percent. Population decreased slightly from record high level at end of July. Gradual increase expected after September. GLOVER SCALE (Lepidosaphes gloverii) infested 58 (norm 48) percent of groves; economic in 5 (norm 8) percent. PURPLE SCALE (L. beckii) infested 40 (norm 42) percent of groves; — economic in 1 (norm 2) percent. CHAFF SCALE (Parlatoria pergandii) infested 35 (norm 34) percent of groves; none economic (norm 3 percent), YELLOW SCALE (Aonidiella citrina) infested 25 (norm 40) percent of groves; none economic (norm 6 percent). These four armored scales all below normal abundance and at low to moderate level in all districts. Only scattered groves will harbor impor- tant infestations during remainder of 1972. GREEN SCALE - 638 - (Coccus viridis) infested 22 (norm 5) percent of groves; moderate to heavy in 14 (norm 1) percent. This scale abnormally numerous but not likely to be important. Decrease to low level predicted in December. WHITEFLIES infested 72 (norm 55) percent of groves; economic in 27 (norm 16) percent. Population of larval and adult forms much above average and in high range. Little change pre- dicted. Highest districts south, central, and west. (W.A. Simanton (Citrus Expt. Sta., Lake Alfred)). SMALL FRUITS EUROPEAN RED MITE (Panonychus ulmi) - PENNSYLVANIA - All stages on Concord grapes at North East in Erie County. Ranged 12-300 per leaf; some vineyards seen with 95 percent of foliage bronzed. (Judd). FOREST AND SHADE TREES SOUTHERN PINE BEETLE (Dendroctonus frontalis) - SOUTH CAROLINA - Aerial surveys during July of 724,292 acres of forest showed mod- erate to heavy infestations in 1,007 spots. Infestations found on Oconee, Table Rock, Kings Mountain, and Croft State Parks and in southeast Anderson, southern Cherokee, northeast Union, southern Greenville, northern Laurens, and southeast Spartanburg Counties. Salvage of infested trees through commercial sales by landowners recommended. Where salvage not possible and timber values warrant control, cutting and burning of infested trees or chemical con- trol suggested. Pest appears to be moving very rapidly within infested areas. Peak tree mortality expected in late September. Additional infestations in and around present infestations ex- pected before winter. (Graham). MOUNTAIN PINE BEETLE (Dendroctonus ponderosae) - CALIFORNIA - Large stands of lodgepole pine damaged at South Lake Tahoe, El Dorado County. Pitch tubes ranged 1-40 per tree. Land develop- ment and drought condition responsible for upset. This is very high value recreation area and timber loss is important. (Cal. Coop. Rpt.).: COOLEY SPRUCE GALL APHID (Adelges cooleyi) - NEW MEXICO - Light to heavy on Blue Spruce in Santa Fe National Forest. Heaviest popu- lations noted in Cuba Ranger District. (Heninger, Patterson). FALL WEBWORM (Hyphantria cunea) - OHIO - Defoliation still problem in east-central and northeastern areas. Damage very Severe in Stark, Mahoning, Portage, and Summit Counties. Many requests for aid in control received. (Ball). KENTUCKY - Larvae heavy and caused heavy damage to foliage on Several species of trees in Powell County. (Barnett). NEW MEXICO - Heavy on cottonwoods in Jemez Springs area, Sandoval County. Some trees almost completely encased in webs. (Heninger, Patterson). VARIABLE OAKLEAF CATERPILLAR (Heterocampa manteo) - NORTH DAKOTA - Completed aerial survey in Dunn and Benson Counties showed decrease in defoliation in all areas. In Fort Totten area, Benson County, defoliation occurred in same area as 1971 but basswood only tree Species completely defoliated. In Killdeer Mountain area, Dunn County, only scattered pockets of defoliation seen, complete defoliation confined to birch trees. Small pocket of defoliation - 639 - seen in Twin Buttes area, Dunn County. Larvae full grown, some in prepupal stage. (Brandvik, Meyer). MISSOURI - Caused very severe defoliation of oaks in 1971, but only scattered pin oaks showed signs of defoliation in 1972. An undetermined scelionid wasp, an egg parasite, caused complete collapse of Heterocampa manteo population in State. (Gass). MIMOSA WEBWORM (Homadaula anisocentra) - OKLAHOMA - Moderate to heavy on mimosa in Coalgate, Coal County; Atoka, Atoka County; Hugo, Choctaw County; Tishomingo, Johnston County; and Ardmore, Carter County. Light to moderate in Davis and Sulphur, Murray County; Roff, Pontotoc County; Marietta, Love County; and El Reno, Canadian County. One lightly infested tree found in Chickasha and one other in Minco, Grady County. All are new county records. Moderate to heavy in Bryan, Marshall, Oklahoma, and Cleveland Counties and light in Tulsa County. (Okla. Coop. Suisse EASTERN TENT CATERPILLAR (Malacosoma americanum) - OHIO —- Prelim-_ inary egg mass surveys in Franklin and Hocking Counties indicate 1973 populations in these areas will be as heavy or heavier than in 1972. (Fox). A TORTRICID MOTH (Platynota stultana) - CALIFORNIA - Larvae and pupae ranged 1-10 per tree in large Christmas-tree planting of Monterey pine at Arvin, Kern County. This continuing infestation severely damaging trees to be harvested this season. (Cal. Coop. injoree)) 6 ASIATIC OAK WEEVIL (Cyrtepistomus castaneus) - WEST VIRGINIA - Adult damage light, 5 percent to white oaks in Summers County; adults numerous around lights September 10. Collected and determined by J.D. Hacker. This is a new county record. (Hacker). A SCOLYTID (Xylosandrus germanus) - VIRGINIA - Adults taken from limb of redbud in Pittsylvania County by B. Hogenson June 6. Determined by D.M. Anderson. This is a new State record. (Allen). MAN AND ANIMALS SCREWWORM (Cochliomyia hominivorax) - Total of 4,455 confirmed cases reported in continental U.S. during period September 3-9 as follows: Texas 4,177; New Mexico 62; Arizona 127; California 1; Oklahoma 88. Total of 478 cases confirmed in Mexico. Number of sterile flies released in U.S. this period totaled 155,986,000 as follows: Texas 136,888,000; New Mexico 4,470,000; Arizona 14,028,000; California 600,000. Total of 32,060,000 sterile flies released in Mexico. (Anim. Health). FACE FLY (Musca autumnalis) - MARYLAND - Ranged 10-40 per head on beef and dairy animals in Montgomery, Frederick, and Carroll Counties. (U. Md., Ent. Dept.). OHIO - Populations and annoyance to cattle decreased markedly in western area, compared to infes- tations during July and August. (Fox). ILLINOIS - Counts of 7.2 per animal noted in southern sections and 30.2 in central section. (I11. Ins. Rpt.). MISSISSIPPI - Infestations light, probably due to hot weather. Averaged 2 per face on 75 beef cattle in extreme southeastern Pontotoc County. This is a new county record. (Robinson). MISSOURI - Counts in northwest area ranged 6-37 per - 640 - animal, averaged 13. (Munson). SOUTH DAKOTA - Musca autumnalis decreased, ranged 0-3 per head (averaged 1) on cows and 0-2 per head (averaged less than 1) on calves. (DelFosse). UTAH - Con- tinued to annoy horses and cattle in farm areas of Weber, Davis, and Cache Counties. (Knowlton). STABLE FLY (Stomoxys calcitrans) - MARYLAND - Ranged 30-150 per head on beef steers and 10-100 per head on dairy animals through- out central area. (U. Md., Ent. Dept.). HORN FLY (Haematobia irritans) - FLORIDA - Averaged 49 per dairy cow at Hawthorne, Alachua County, and 123 per dairy cow at Lowell, Marion County. (Fla. Coop. Sur.). MISSISSIPPI - Ranged up to 50+ per cow on 300 beef cattle in Monroe County, up to 1,000+ on 75 beef cattle in Pontotoc County. (Robinson). ILLINOIS - Counts of 76 per animal seen in southern sections and 250 in central section. (I11. Ins. Rpt.). MISSOURI - Light to moderate, ranged 300-1,000+ per animal, in northwest area. (Munson). SOUTH DAKOTA - Ranged 25-300 (averaged 150) per side on cows and 5-35 (averaged 25) on calves. (DelFosse). OKLAHOMA - Ranged 750-800 per head on cattle in Payne County, 1,000-1,500 per head in Major County, and 270- 300 per head in Marshall County. Ranged moderate to heavy in Pawnee, Cleveland, Garvin, and McCurtain Counties. (Okla. Coop. pur.) . MOSQUITOES - MARYLAND - Aedes stimulans larvae taken near Finzel, Cranberry Swamp, Garrett County, May 18. Collected and determined by W.E. Bickley. This is a new county record. (U. Md., Ent. Dept.). MINNESOTA - Most mosquito eggs in Ramsey County in diapause September 12. Light trap counts decreased from summer high of 104,000 in 16 traps for 7-day period to 3,200 for week ending September 8. A. vexans accounted for 70-95 percent of adults trapped during past 42 days. (Minn. Pest Rpt.). UTAH - Mainly A. dorsalis, very annoying in southern areas of Curlew Valley ‘and numerous in Snowville, Park Valley Junction, and Kelton Pass areas of Box Elder County. (Knowlton). ARIZONA - Mosquitoes heavy at Tucson, Pima County; at Safford, Graham County, and at Willcox, Cochise County. (Ariz. Coop. Sur.). CALIFORNIA - Two Psorophora Signipennis females collected in light trap by V. Gasparotto, one mile west of Furnace Creek Inn, Inyo County. This is a new county record. This is third locality where this species collected in State. Previously collected in Imperial and Riverside Counties. meal. Coop. Rpt.). | A COMBFOOTED SPIDER (Latrodectus variolus) - MICHIGAN - Two females taken from hole in dead tree branch in Baldwin, Lake ‘County, June 14 by R. Lannon. Determined by R.J. Sauer. This is a new county record. (Sauer). ‘NORTHERN FOWL MITE (Ornithonyssus sylviarum) - GEORGIA - Heavy on layer chickens housed on wire or on ground in Clarke County. \(Nolan). |HOUSEHOLDS AND STRUCTURES ‘EUROPEAN EARWIG (Forficula auricularia) - MICHIGAN - Adult taken ‘in basement of home in Cadillac, Wexford County, September 8 by W.E. Pitts. Determined by R.J. Sauer. Specimen taken in restaurant in Detroit, Wayne County, August 29 by J. Johnson. Determined by IT. J. Canthrall. These are new county records. (Sauer). . i - 641 - | BENEFICIAL INSECTS AN ENCYRTID WASP (Ooencyrtus kuwanai) - MARYLAND - Reared from Porthetria dispar (gypsy moth) eggs collected at Perryville, Cecil County, September 7 by R. Rusco and C.W. McComb. Determineds | by B.D. Burks. This is a new State record. (U. Md., Ent. Dept.).- VEDALIA (Rodolia cardinalis) - ARIZONA - Active in Icerya purchasi (cottonycushion scale) infestations in several citrus groves on Yuma Mesa in Yuma County. (Ariz. Coop. Sur.). FEDERAL AND STATE PLANT PROTECTION PROGRAMS EUROPEAN CRANE FLY (Tipula paludosa) - WASHINGTON - Population 2 percent larvae, 23 percent pupae (80 percent females), and 75 percent emerged September 5 at Custer, Whatcom County. Adult emergence apparently peaked September 13. Many homeowner com- plaints received regarding large number of adults; most common complaint was nuisance factor of adults clinging to screens and doors or entering homes. (Jackson). GRASSHOPPERS - UTAH - Moved from adjacent rangelands into alfalfa in foothills from Utah County through Box Elder and Cache Coun- ties. (Knowlton). OREGON - Adult survey showed heavy numbers and severe damage in untreated range areas of Wallowa, Grant, Baker, Malheur, Douglas, Umatilla, Morrow, and Klamath Counties. Infested | acreage about same as 1971. Problem most serious in high prairie area near Zumwalt, Wallowa County. Some damage occurred to alfalfa) near rangelands in Malheur and Harney Counties, with heaviest damage in irrigated hay and grain fields in Jordan Valley. (Goeden). GYPSY MOTH (Porthetria dispar) - OHIO - Inspection of Lorain County locality where male moths trapped in early August (see CEIR 22(34):565) revealed one viable egg mass, 2 empty pupal cases (1 male, 1 female), and larval skins. Ooencyrtus kuwanai (an encyrtid wasp), an egg parasite of P. dispar, scheduled for release in area September 19. (Roach). JAPANESE BEETLE (Popillia japonica) - PENNSYLVANIA - Adults very heavy on favorite hosts in Fayette County. Severe defoliation seen on many trees. (Maust). MORMON CRICKET (Anabrus simplex) - MONTANA - Infested 160 acres | in Camas Prairie area, Sanders County. Egg depostion continued. Averaged about 2 crickets per square yard; low enough to be sol- itary. Few found near Townsend, Broadwater County. (Knudsen). NEVADA - Averaged 1 per 2-3 square yards on 400 acres in upper Willow Creek area, Santa Rosa Range, Humboldt County. (Richards). PINK BOLLWORM (Pectinophora gossypiella) - TEXAS - Infested 4-40 | percent of bolls in El Paso County. Infested bolls ranged 3-50 percent in Pecos and Reeves Counties. In Glasscock County, less than 5 percent infested bolls reported across county with some : isolated spots averaging 10-20 percent infested bolls. Pink | bollworm damage resulted in heavy boll rot in many fields in Pecos Valley areas. (Neeb). ARIZONA - Boll infestations heavy in untreated fields at Safford, Graham County. Heavy in cotton southeast of Bowie, Cochise County. Some controls applied for top | crop in Yuma County. Boll infestation 66 percent in field east of Chandler, Maricopa County. (Ariz. Coop. Sur.). - 642 - | SOYBEAN CYST NEMATODE (Heterodera glycines) - MISSISSIPPI - Col- lected on soybeans at Montpelier, Clay County, August 9 by W.E. Taylor. ALABAMA - Collected on soybeans at Excel, Monroe County, September 11 by T. Lemons. Determined by V.H. Owens. Confirmed by A.M. Golden. These are new county records. (PP). WEST INDIAN SUGARCANE ROOT BORER (Diaprepes abbreviatus) FLORIDA - One adult collected from citrus tree at Apopka, Orange County, August 28. Feeding damage moderate on new foliage. This is first infestation found outside regulated area in more than one year. (Fla. Coop. Sur.). DETECTION New State Records - AN ELATERID (Cardiophorus stolatus) - HAWAII - Oahu Island. (p.644). AN ENCYRTID WASP (Ooencyrtus kKuwanai) - MARYLAND - Cecil County. (p. 642). A SCOLYTID (Xylosandrus germanus) - VIRGINIA - Pittsylvania County. (p. 0 New County Records - ASIATIC OAK WEEVIL (Cyrtepistomus castaneus) WEST VIRGINIA — Summers (p. 640). BLACK SWALLOWTAIL (Papilio polyxenes asterius) SOUTH CAROLINA - Richland (p. 637). A COMB- FOOTED SPIDER (Latrodectus variolus) MICHIGAN - Lake (p. 641). EUROPEAN EARWIG (Forficula auricularia) MICHIGAN - Wayne, Wexford (p. 641). FACE FLY (Musca autumnalis) MISSISSIPPI - Pontotoc (p. 640). MIMOSA WEBWORM (Homadaula anisocentra) OKLAHOMA - Coal, Atoka, Choctaw, Johnston, Carter, Murray, Pontotoc, Love, Canadian, Grady (p. 640). MOSQUITOES - MARYLAND - Aedes stimulans, Garrett. CALIFORNIA - Psorophora signipennis, Inyo (p. 641). POTATO SCAB GNAT (Pnyxia scabiei) WASHINGTON - Benton (p. 637). SOYBEAN CYST NEMATODE (Heterodera glycines) MISSISSIPPI - Clay. ALABAMA - Monroe (p. 643). A TORTRICID MOTH (Archips rosanus) WASHINGTON - Chelan (p. 638). WESTERN CORN ROOTWORM (Diabrotica virgifera) MICHIGAN - Van Buren. INDIANA - White (p. CORRECTIONS CEIR 22(35):573 -— GREENBUG (Schizaphis graminum) - SOUTH DAKOTA - "Decreased to very low levels on corn." Should read "Decreased to very low levels on sorghum." (PP). So far as known, corn is not a host of S. graminum in South Dakota. (Jones). < CEIR 22(36):599 - CHINCH BUG (Blissus leucopterus leucopterus) should read HAIRY CHINCH BUG (Blissus leucopterus hirtus). - 643 - HAWAII INSECT REPORT New State Record - Six specimens of an ELATERID (Cardiophorus stolatus) collected under loose bark or at bases of Kiawe trees at Hickam Air Force Base, Oahu, by B. Kumashiro; 2 on June 21, one on July 20, and 3 August 31. Biology of C. stolatus is apparently unknown. Larvae of Cardiophorus spp. mostly predatory and noneconomic, but larvae of a Cardiophorus sp. have been reported destructive to corn in Illinois. Distribution includes India, Ceylon, and Burma. Determined by E.C. Becker. (Kawamura). General Vegetables - PEPPER WEEVIL (Anthonomus eugenii) and CORN EARWORM (Heliothis zea) light in all stages of fruits in 0.75 acre of sweet peppers at Koko Hend, Oahu. About 5-10 percent of fruits infested with corn earworm larvae, less than 5 percent infested with larvae and adults of pepper weevil. LEAFMINER FLIES (Liriomyza | spp.) light in lettuce fields at Koko Head; larval mines | restricted to one or two older leaves per head. Adults trace, less than one per head. (Kawamura). Fruits and Nuts - Light to moderate colonies of COCONUT SCALE (Aspidiotus destructor) infested 30-70 percent of pinnae on 40 percent of fronds of 100+ coconut trees at Hawaii Kai, Oahu. Larvae and adults of several LADY BEETLES (Telsimia nitida, Lindorus lophanthae, and Pseudoscymnus anomolus) moderate on infested pinnae. P. anomolus introduced from Guam in February 1970 to aid in control of A. destructor. Subsequent releases made in several areas on Oahu, including Hawaii Kai; last release at this locale in August 1971. This is first recovery of P. anomolus in State. (Kawamura). During past few months, some backyard and commercial papaya plantings in Kona area of Hawaii found infested with serious viral disease, papaya mosaic. Transmission attributed primarily to GREEN PEACH APHID (Myzus persicae). Infected plants in area will be rogued and destroyed to reduce probability of spread to Puna, where most commercial plantings of papaya occur in Hawaii. (Matayoshi). Beneficial Insects - Field collected cowpea and snap bean petioles on Kauai infested by Melanagromyza phaseoli (bean fly) revealed heavy parasitism of M. phaseoli by two BRACONID WASPS (Opius importatus and O. phaseoli) and a PTEROMALID WASP (Halicoptera patellana). Parasitism by Opius spp. 84 percent and by H. patellana 3 percent. (Sugawa). Field examination of Melastoma malabathricum at various locations on Hawaii during August Showed infestation of fruits and terminals by MELASTOMA BORER (Selca brunella) averaged 40 (ranged 29-51) percent. Each sample included 100 terminals or fruits. (Matayoshi). Larvae and adults of a LADY BEETLE (Chilocorus nigritus) collected while feeding on Saissetia nigra (a soft scale) infesting bamboo plants at University of Hawaii campus, Oahu, during June 1972. C. nigritus purposely introduced from Ceylon in October 1958 and from Guam in August 1971. This is first recovery of C. nigritus in Hawaii. (Tsuda). - 644 - ve Svc Let 1é 9¢ 8T 9T 9G GL Lg OGE OTZG O9€ S8V €T 8¢ oN wo TT 8cL Get Td Td GI-I1T/6 UOSTPeN CGI-11/6 UETHUerA CI-I1/6 104d (43un09) JASSANNAL €1-S/6 }Se4q}NOS €1-S/6 ySeeuZNOS €1-G/6 TezqueD (J0T22STQ) VINVA'IASNNGd €1-S/6 yweuour [nN €1-2/6 UoOTreyW (43un09) NODHYO P1I-8/6 197S00M OIHO €1I-L/6 PUBTSUTA €I-L/6 AWoorqees €1I-L/6 PpuUeTSs]I seuor AGSURL MAN 9/6-0€/8 FsNTA $3700 VASVUdan g-/6 Aqteus 6-7/6 22qheH Z1-9/6 USTIpy NVOLHOIN €1-9/6 uoz,e0UTId €T/6 OTL20TFUON AXNONINGA L°9/6‘TE/8 eUnGTIL 8/6 eu eKeTH 9/6-1E/8 Pued 7¥erD SVSNVH PI-8/6 eLTEASOUTeD Valuota 645 - TRAP COLLECTIONS LIGHT cles 880| 24 Waco 9/9-14 TEXAS Hartford 9/5-11 Lancaster 9/6-11 Mazomanie 9/6-13 WISCONSIN - 646 - KHAPRA BEETLE (Trogoderma granarium Everts) Selected References 1947-1966 Copies of this bibliography are available from Pest Survey and ‘Technical Support Staff. icwar, M. S. 1957. A comparative study on the effectiveness of certain chlorohydro-carbon mixtures against Trogoderma granarium Everts., and other grain infesting insects in | relation to ‘concentration X time' factors. Agr. Pakistan 8(2):171-182. Anwar, M. S. 1961. Insecticidal value of pyrethrum powder in | controlling progocerma khapra Arr., and other important pests of stored grains. Agr. Pakistan 12(2) : 238-246. “Armitage, H. M. 1955. Fumigation - eradication test on khapra beetle. Down to Earth 10(4) :2-3. Armitage, H. M. 1955. Khapra beetle suppression. A progress report. Calif. Dept. Agr. Bul. 44:150-154. Armitage, H. M. 1956. The khapra beetle Suppression program in the United States and Mexico. Internatl. Cong. Ent. Proc. 4(10): 89-98. Pub. 1958. Badawy, A. 1964. Some factors affecting the fecundity and longevity of Trogoderma granarium granarium Everts. (Coleoptera: Dermestidae). Soc. Ent. Egypte Bul. 48:281-290. Pub. 1965. Badawy, A. and Hassan, H. M. 1964. Studies on a natural infesta- tion of the khapra beetle, Trogoderma granarium granarium Everts, in stored wheat in the Sudan (Coleoptera: Dermestidae). Soc. Ent. Egypte Bul. 48:273-280. Pub. 1965. Bailey, S. W. 1958. The position of khapra beetle in Australia. FAO Plant Protect. Bul. 6(5):72-73. Balu, V. and Pingale, S. V. 1956. Recent developments in the control of insect damage to stored grains in India. J. Sci. and Indus. Res. 15A(9) :403-405. Beal, R. S., Jr., and Spitler, G. H. 1959. Report on crossbreeding experiments in Trogoderma (Coleoptera, Dermestidae). Ent. Soc. Wash. Proc. 61(1):1-6. Biological Sciences Branch and Plant Pest Control Branch. 1955. A situation report. The khapra beetle. U.S. Agr. Marketing Serv. and Agr. Res. Serv. ARS-22-17. 8 pp. Bosque Bobadilla, R. Del. 1958. El problema del khapra en Mexico. Chapingo 11(67/69) :65-75. - 647 - Burges, H. D. 1957. Studies on the dermestid beetle Trogoderma granarium Everts. I. Identification and duration of the developmental stages. Ent. Mon. Mag. 93(1116):105-110. | Burges, H. D. 1959. Dormancy of the khapra beetle: quiescence or ' diapause. Nature 184(4700) :1741-1742. Burges, H. D. 1959. Studies on the dermestid beetle, Trogoderma granarium Everts. II. “he occurrence of diapause larvae at a | constant temperature, and their behaviour. Bul. Ent. Res. | 50(2) :407-422. Burges, H. D. 1959. Studies on the dermestid beetle Trogoderma granarium Everts. III. Ecology in malt stores. Ann. Appl. Biol. 47(3) :445-462. Burges, H. D. 1960. Studies on the dermestid beetle Trogoderma granarium Everts. IV. Feeding, growth, and respiration with particular reference to diapause larvae. J. Insect Physiol. - 5(3/4) :317-334. Burges, H. D. 1962. Studies on the dermestid beetle Trogoderma granarium Everts. V.--Reactions of diapause larvae to temper- ature. Bul. Ent. Res. 53(1):193-213. Burges, H. D. 1963. Studies on the dermestid beetle Trogoderma granarium Everts. VI.--Factors inducing diapause. Bul. Ent. Res. 54(3) :571-587. California Legislature Joint Interim Committee on Agricultural and Livestock Problems. 1955. Special report on the khapra beetle Trogoderma granarium. Sacramento. 106 pp. Carncross, I. B. 1961. How we controlled khapra beetles in burlap-| wrapped steel from Europe. Pest Control 29(10):46, 50-52. Carney, G. C. 1959. Differential response of male and female adults of Trogoderma granarium Everts towards sterilizing doses of gamma-radiation. Nature (London) 183(4657) :338-339. Chatterji, S. 1955. Relative resistance of some national pusa varieties of wheat to Trogoderma granaria Everts. Indian J. LoTR E NG (CiL)) SLA I7/ & Chatterji, S. and Sarup, P. 1961. An unusual mode of egg-laying in! Trogoderma granarium Everts (Dermestidae: Coleoptera), a pest! of stored cereals. Cur. Sci. 30(6) :230-231. | | Chatterji, S., Srivastava, P. D., and Sarup, P. 1962. Qualitative | studies on the free amino acid constituents of different | stages and sexes of Trogoderma granarium Everts (Dermestidae: Coleoptera). Calcutta Zool. Soc. Proc. 15(1):15-17. | i | i i f ) Cobb, R. D. 1956. The effects of methyl bromide fumigation on seed germination. Assoc. Off. Seed Anal. Proc. 46:55-61. Cotterel, G. C. 1950. The insect infestation of ground-nuts in Kano and their control. Pyrethrum Post 2(1):279-293. - 648 - Cotton, R. T. 1954. Khapra beetle survey. U.S. Agr. Res. Ser., Plant Pest Control Branch. Oakland. 3 pp. Mimeo. Cotton, R. T. 1954. The khapra beetle--a new threat to grain handlers. Northwest. Miller (Milling Prod. Sect.) 252(11) Sect. 2:6a-7a. Cotton, R. T. 1955. A review of known information about the khapra beetle. Nowest. Miller (Milling Prod. Sect.) 253(10): 3a-5a. Cotton, R. T. 1955. What we are doing about the khapra beetle. Ent. Soc. Amer. N. Cent. Br. Proc. 10:70-71. Cotton, R. T. 1960. Let's kill the khapra beetle invader. Northwest. Miller 264(8) :42-44. Cyanagrams. 1955. The khapra beetle. Cyanagrams 4(6) :22-25. Dahl, C. 1960. The khapra beetle. Houdini of the grain bins. Co-op Grain Quart. 18(3):48-55. Dal Monte, G. 1954. A new enemy in our granaries? Molini d'Italia 5(5) :198-201. In Ital. Dal Monte, G. 1960. The danger of diffusion of Trogoderma granarium Everts in Italy. Internatl. Cong. Ent. Trans., llth Cong., v.2(sect. 7/14):313-316. In Ital. Pub. 1962. Das, G. M. 1956. Insects found inside tea chests on arrival in the U.K. Two and a Bud 3(2):10-11. Davatchi, A., Zahedi, K., and Mirchah-Valad, E. 1955. The effect of some new insecticides on Sitophilus (Calandra) granaria L., and Trogoderma granarium Everts. Tehran Univ. Appl. Ent. Bul. 6. 22 pp. Deuse, J. 1966. Report on the discovery of several foci of infestation by Trogoderma granarium in Senegal and on the provisional measures taken to combat this pest. Report of a mission 30th June-5th October 1966. Paris, Inst. Rech. Agron. Trop. 28 pp. In Fr. Duerden, J. C. 1955. Infestation of undecorticated groundnuts by Trogoderma granarium Everts. Colon. Plant and Anim. Prod. 5(3) : 208-210. Baber, W. 1953). Der khaprakafer, ein fur Osterreich neuer vorratsschadling. Pflanzenarzt 6(11):1-2. Girish, G. K. 1966. Sexual difference in pupae of T. granarium to certain fumigants. Ann. Epiphyt. 17(4):437-440. In Fr., Engl. Sum. Harper, R. W. 1955. Khapra beetle and Mexican fruit fly. Insect problems new to California. Calif. Dept. Agr. Bul. 44:17-28. - 649 - Hayward, L. A. W. 1954. The field fumigation of groundnuts in bulk. J. Sci. Food and Agr. 5(4):192-194. 7 Hayward, L. A. W. 1955. Losses associated with groundnuts infested — with Trogoderma granarium Everts. J. Sci. Food and Agr. 6(6): 337-340. | Henderson, L. S. 1955. The khapra beetle--current status. Chem. Spec. Mfr. Assoc. Proc. Mid-Year Mtg. 41:127-128. : f Howe, R. W. 1956. A theoretical evaluation of the potential range and importance of Trogoderma granarium Everts in North America (Col. Dermestidae). Internatl. Cong. Ent. Proc. 4(10):23-28. Pub. 1958. Hoyt, A. S. 1955. The khapra beetle can be liquidated. Northwest. Miller 254(16):16, 21. Khalifa, A. 1960. On open-air and underground grain storage in the’ Sudan. Soc. Ent. d'Egypte Bul. 53(44) :129-142. Khalifa, A. 1962. The relative susceptibility of some varieties of sorghum to Trogoderma attack. Empire J. Expt. Agr. 30(118): 132-136. Khalifa, A. and Badawy, A. 1960. The systematics of Trogoderma afrum Priesner and T. granarium Everts (Coleoptera: Dermestidae). Roy. Ent. Soc. London Proc. Ser. B, Taxonomy 29(11/12) :145-152. Khalifa, A. and Badawy, A. 1961. The identity of the Trogoderma of the Sudan. Soc. Ent. d'Egypte Bul. 45:245-249, Khalifa, A. and Badawy, A. 1961. Food preference of Trogoderma granarium granarium Everts, Trogoderma granarium afrum Priesner and Trogoderma irroratum Reitter and the effect of diet on their biology (Coleoptera: Dermestidae). Soc. Ent. d'Egypte Bul. 45:251-261. Latif, A. and Khan, A. W. 1952. Is gammexane dust effective against Trogoderma khapra Arr.? Pakistan Sci. Conf. Proc. 4(3):74-75. (Abs.). Lester, L. 1955. Commissioners hear khapra beetle problem. Calif. Farmer, South. Ed. 202(1):44. Lindgren, D. L. 1955. Watch for the khapra beetle in stored foods. Calif. Univ. Agr. Ext. Leaf. 51. 8p.-folder. Lindgren, D. L., Vincent, L. E., and Krohne, H. E. 1955. The khapra beetle, Trogoderma granarium Everts. Hilgardia 24(1): 1-36. Lindgren, D. L., Vincent, L. E., and Krohne, H. E. 1954. Khapra beetle in California. Eastern hemisphere insect destructive to stored grain, cereal products and foodstuffs established in ‘state. Calats Agr: S97. 15: - 650 - | } } | | i | | 1 y { i Lindgren, D. L., Vincent, L. E., and Krohne, H. E. 1955. Khapra beetle control studies. Preliminary results of tests with fumigants and dust give promise of effective treatments against destructive pest. Calif. Agr. 9(3):8-9. MacGregor Loaeza, R. 1959. Trabajos y resultados logrados contra el gorgojo khapra Trogoderma granarium Everts en Guadalajara, Sale hi toLiloy 12(23)ioan2e Markin, A. K. and Kucherova, S. G. 1962. Khapra beetle. Zashch. Rast. ot Vred. i Boleznei 11:54-55. In Rus. ‘Menon, M. G. R. and Sarup, P. 1958. A unique instance of an antennal freak in Trogoderma granarium Everts (Coleoptera: Dermestidae). Indian J. Ent. 20(1) :67-68. Mexico Direccion General De Defensa Agricola Oficina De Entomo- logia. 1955. Plaga de granos almacenados. Gorgojo de khapra (Trogoderma granarium Everts). Fitofilo 8(9):66-70. Monte, G. D. 1955. The adventurous march of the Trogoderma in the world. Molini d'Italia 6(6):248-250. In Ital. Narayanan, E. S. and Bhambhani, H. J. 1956. Effect of reduced pressure on Tribolium castaneum Herbst. (Tenebrionidae: Coleoptera) and Trogoderma granaria Everts (Dermestidae: Coleoptera). Indian J. Ent. 18(2):196-198. Nielson, M. W. 1958. An early record of the khapra beetle in Arizona. Pan-Pacific Ent. 34(1):44. Norato, G. 1956/1957. Report on two parasites of grain recently introduced into Sicily. Palermo Univ. Ist. di Ent. Agr. Bol. 2(8) :245-249. In Ital. ‘Padget, L. J. 1954. Report to the Western Plant Board on the detection survey for khapra beetle in the Western States. U.S. Agr. Res. Serv., Plant Pest Control Branch. Oakland. 7 pp. Mimeo. Pant, N. C. 1953. Nutritional requirements of Trogoderma granaria Everts. (Coleoptera, Dermestidae). Cur. Sci. 22(12) :379-380. Pant, N. C. 1956. Nutritional studies on Trogoderma granarium Everts. Basic food and vitamin requirements. Indian J. Ent. 18(3) :259-266. famine CG. Nayar, J. K., and Gupta, P. 1958: On the signafi-— cance of amino acids in the larval development of khapra- beetle, Trogoderma granarium Everts. (Coleoptera: Dermestidae). Experientia 14(5):176-177. ‘Pant, N. C. and Pant, J. C. 1960. Nutritional studies on Trogo- | ij derma granarium Everts. IV. Further studies on vitamin requirements of larvae grown on different casein Samples. Indian J. Ent. 22(2):115-120. - 651 - Pant, N. C. and Uberoi, N. K. 1958. On the carbohydrate utili- i] zation by the larvae of Trogoderma granarium Everts. 4 (Dermestidae: Coleoptera). Experientia 14(2) :71-72. | Plant Pest Control Branch. 1954. Khapra beetle (Trogoderma granarium). U.S. Agr. Res. Serv. 2 pp. Plant Pest Control Division. 1961. The khapra beetle. A pest of stored grains and cereal products. U.S. Dept. Agr. PA-436. 8p.-folder. Pradhan, S. and Sarup, P. 1960. Relative toxicity of insecticidal films to adults of Trogoderma granarium Everts., Oryzaephilus| Surinamensis Linn. & Laemophloeus minutus Oliv. 19C(6):135- | SOR Pradhan, S. and Sharma, G. C. 1956. Control of khapra (Trogoderma granarium Everts). Cur. Sci. 25(1):22. | Price, M. D. 1948. The khapra beetle (Trogoderma granarium Everts), Inst. Brewing J. 54(4):213-217. . Discussion pp. 217-218 Reynolds, E. M. and Sylvester, N. K. 1961. The inheritance of a pearl-eyed mutation of Trogoderma granarium Everts (Col., Dermestidae). Ent. Mon. Mag. 97(1169/1171) : 221-224. Rossi, L. 1958. They have come from the Orient to eat our grain. Selez. di Tec. Molitoria 9(7):116-120. In Ital. Shantaram, H. 1957. The extension of larval duration in Trogoderma granarium, Everts after DDT treatment. Natl. Inst. Sci. India) Proc. 23(5/6, pt. B):145-151. Shantaram, H. 1958. Effect of insecticides on the oviposition of survivors of Trogoderma granarium, Everts. (Dermestidae, Coleoptera)... daub Elles ecinm LG) al a4e Sharifi, S-D. 1958. Contributions to the biology of Trogoderma granarium. Summary and conclusions of my unpublished thesis: | Etude biologique et ecologique de Trogoderma granarium Everts (Coleoptera-Dermestidae): Dermeste des grains, khapra beetle. Stat. Skadedyrlab. Arsberet. Ann. Rpt. 1955/1956. pp. 64-68. | Denmark. Bul. 5(5):75-77. Shulov, A. 1955. A contribution to the ecology of Trogoderma granaria Everts. Indian Acad. Sci. Proc. Sect. Bul. 42:1-13. Shepherd, D. R. 1957. Khapra beetle eradication. FAO Plant Protect Shulov, A. S. 1966. Influence of environmental conditions on population dynamics of the khapra beetle; final technical report. Jerusalem, Hebrew University of Jerusalem. 195 pp. VIII. Effect of constant light and darkness on the develop- ment and reproduction of and amount of food consumed by | Sohi, G. S. 1947. Studies on stored grain pests in the Punjab-—- | Trogoderma granarium Everts. Indian J. Ent. 9(2) :143-147. SOAS US eee - 652 - Stanford, C. L. 1956. The khapra beetle. U.S.D.A. acts to control new grain destroyer. Cereal Sci. Today 1(4):134-135. Stored-Product Insects Branch, Agricultural Marketing Service. 1960. A summary of information about the khapra beetle. U.S. Dept. Agr., Agr. Marketing Serv. AMS-390. 11 pp. \Stored-Product Insects Section, Agricultural Marketing Service. 1956. Manual of approved treatment procedures to be used under the khapra beetle quarantine. Agr. Marketing Serv., U.S. Dept. Agr. 12 pp. Strong, R. G. and Okumura, G. T. 1966. Trogoderma Species found in California; distribution, relative abundance, and food habits. Calif. Dept. Agr. Bul. 55(1):23-30. Map. ‘Swaine, G. and Mutter, N. E. S. 1961. Trogoderma. Tanganyika Dept. Agr. Bul. 7. 4 pp. ‘Thomas, P. M., Cameron, S., and Bhardwaj, G. N. 1959. Khapra. | Allahabad Farmer 33(5) :398-401. U.S. Agricultural Marketing Service. 1955. Have you seen this in your grain. U.S. Dept. Agr. PA-261. 4 pp. U.S. Department of Agriculture, Office of Information. 1960. Khapra beetle threatens Nation's stored grain and seed. U.S. Dept. Agr., Office of Information Picture Story 126. 4 pp. Ward, A. 1965. The khapra beetle, Trogoderma granarium and two other species of Trogoderma (Coleoptera; DermeStidae) inter- cepted entering New Zealand. N.Z. Ent. 3(4):39-41. Whellan, J. A. 1956. A grain pest new to Rhodesia. Rhodesia Agr. J. 53(1):41-50. | U.S. Dept. Agr. ‘Prepared by Pest Survey and Coop. Econ. Ins. Rpt. ‘Technical Support Staff 22 (38) :647-653, 1972 - 653 - WEATHER OF THE WEEK ENDING SEPTEMBER 18 Reprinted from Weekly Weather and Crop Bulletin supplied by Environmental Data Service, NOAA. PRECIPITATION: Highs were conspicuous on the weather map early in| the week. One High was centered over the northern Great Plains, | another High covered the eastern third of the Nation. A slow moving| front stretched from a Low centered in the vicinity of Hudson Bay | across Lake Superior to the central Great Plains and westward to another Low centered in northern Utah. Scattered showers and thunderstorms, some heavy, rumbled in the vicinity of the front. Especially heavy rains fell in eastern Nebraska and western Iowa. Storm totals exceeding 5 inches were common in that area; some localities received more than 10 inches Sunday evening and early Monday. One of the largest totals that has come to our attention was 21 inches at Earling, Iowa, about 40 miles northeast of Omaha, | Nebraska. Continued heavy rains in Shelby County, Iowa, caused record river stages along the west and east forks of the Nishna- - | botna River. Heavy rains in Nebraska, Iowa, Kansas, and Missouri caused important rises on the main stem of the Missouri River. Although the heaviest thundershowers occurred in the Nebraska and Iowa vicinity, heavy showers occurred elsewhere along the front which, by midweek, stretched from the Texas Panhandle to New England. Heavy rains swelled creeks and rivers in Iowa, southeastey Minnesota, and northern Illinois. Hail as large as baseballs fell in the Sidney, Iowa, vicinity early Wednesday evening. Much of the rain which occurred late in the week fell on saturated soil where it was not needed. As the weekend approached, a slow moving front was approaching the gulf and southern Atlantic coast. Rain was sparse and sunny skies prevailed over most of the Nation. Generous rains fell over the weekend in the Deep South. Lighter showers occurred from Wisconsin to Pennsylvania. TEMPERATURE: Early in the week a High centered over the northern Great Plains dropped early morning temperatures into the 40's from) Montana to Upper Michigan and held afternoon temperatures in the 60's and 70's in the vicinity of the Great Lakes. Another High was spread over the eastern third of the Nation. It brought warn, humid air to that area. Afternoon temperatures in the tropical air ranged mostly in the 80's and 90's. A slow moving cold front marked the battle line of cold and warm air masses. Cold air pushed the front southward and eastward and as the weekend approached, comfortable weather prevailed over most of the Nation. | Afternoon temperatures reached 100 degrees on some days in the desert Southwest. Buckeye, California, registered 105 degrees Thursday afternoon. Temperatures dropped to 32 degrees or lower at some mountain stations in the West on 1 or 2 mornings. Big Piney, Wyoming, recorded 15 degrees Thursday morning, Bondurant, ~— Wyoming, registered 12 degrees. Pleasant, sunny weather continued over the weekend over most of the Nation. Maximums ranged from near 60 degrees along the Canadian border to the 90's along the Gulf of Mexico. Afternoon temperatures reached the 90's over the central Great Plains on Saturday and Sunday -- 97 degrees at Omaha’ Nebraska, Sunday. The Deep South was equally as warm but higher humidity made the air feel "sticky." In general, weekly mean temperatures averaged cooler than normal west of the Rocky Mountains and warmer than normal east of the Rockies. Parts of the4 central Great Plains averaged 6 to 8 degrees warmer than normal. } - 654 - U.S. DEPARTMENT OF AGRICULTURE HYATTSVILLE, MARYLAND 20782 POSTAGE AND FEES PAID U.S. DEPARTMENT OF AGRICULTURE AGR 101 OFFICIAL BUSINESS PENALTY FOR PRIVATE USE, $300 0004 SMINLISMIA122 34037 OOO01 SMITHSONIAN INSTITUTION LIBR- ARIES SMITHSONIAN INST WASHINGTON DC 20560 VOL. 22 No. 39 September 29, 1972 SB mee. . e777 En. Cooperative Economic | Insect Report _ Issued by _ PLANT PROTECTION AND QUARANTINE PROGRAMS ANIMAL AND PLANT HEALTH INSPECTION SERVICE U.S.DEPARTMENT OF AGRICULTURE ANIMAL AND PLANT HEALTH INSPECTION SERVICE PLANT PROTECTION AND QUARANTINE PROGRAMS PEST SURVEY AND TECHNICAL SUPPORT STAFF The Cooperative Economic Insect Report is issued weekly as a service to American Agriculture. Its contents are compiled from information supplied by cooperating State, Federal, and industrial entomologists and other agricultural workers. In releasing this material the Service serves as a clearing house and does not assume responsibility for ac- curacy of the material. All reports and inquiries pertaining to this release, including the mailing list, should be sent to: CEIR Pest Survey and Technical Support Staff Plant Protection and Quarantine Programs Animal and Plant Health Inspection Service United States Department of Agriculture Federal Center Building Hyattsville, Maryland 20782 Volume 22 September 29, 1972 Number 39 COOPERATIVE ECONOMIC INSECT REPORT HIGHLIGHTS Current Conditions CORN EARWORM, in combination with other noctuids, damaged several thousand acres of soybeans and several hundred acres of field peas in Alabama. GREENBUG heavy on winter wheat in south-central South Dakota. (p. 657). BOLL WEEVIL infestation in southern Georgia lowest for this date in several years. BANDEDWING WHITEFLY still threat to green cotton in area of Mississippi. (pp. 660, 661). WALNUT CATERPILLAR , HICKORY SHUCKWORM, and BLACK PECAN APHID problem on pecans in south-central Texas. (p. 662). WHITE FIR NEEDLEMINER heavy on 10,000 acres of white fir on Apache National Forest in Arizona. (p. 662). STABLE FLY heavy on cattle in several areas of Wisconsin. (p. 663). Prediction GRASSHOPPERS pose potential threat on more than 6,000,000 acres of rangeland in several Western States. (pp. 664-665). Detection For new county records see page 665. Special Reports Alfalfa Weevil. Selected References 1970-1971. (pp. 670-674). Reports jn this issue are for week ending September 22 unless otherwise indicated. - 655 - CONTENTS Special Insects) of Regional |Silemik tamer oa erent ete) ial eteis alee 657 Insects Affecting Corn, Sorghum, Sugarcane....698 Beans and PeasS.......22 2... 661 Smadlills “Gis asain Swe, seeney love orstoweem stele 6 659). Cole :CrODS bec xc ces ease epee oo Turf, Pastures, Rangeland...659 Deciduous Fruits and Nuts. .662 Forage Legumes............ + 659 peSmakl: yr ual tsis aaa eee . -662 SOWA 46 boon Sooo gd0ob 0008 -660 Forest and Shade Trees..... 662 COUUCM 66 gan c00400cb0COdd00004 660) Man and Analmadlsi) nee 663 Potatoes, Tomatoes, Peppers.661 Stored Products............ 664 Benet te aa, TIniSSCES\s oooccconodouKdeN vs ts\o: a: 5: suet Araneten sleuenemea mem «eas OOK Alfalfa Weeval. Selected References) POMO=U9 7 Wey ache ec eeiencuecnonenatenene 669 WEATHER OF THE WEEK ENDING SEPTEMBER 25 Reprinted from Weekly Weather and Crop Bulletin supplied by Environmental Data Service, NOAA. PRECIPITATION: Widely scattered thunderstorms occurred in the humid tropical air that streamed northward in the warm sector of the storm which was centered in southern Manitoba. Thunderstorms also occurred along fronts associated with storm. Torrential rains fell in northern Ohio Sunday night and early morning September 18. A storm in the Pacific Northwest brought rain to the coastal areas, nearby hills, and snow in the higher Cascades. Stampede Pass, Washington, measured 5 inches of snow on the ground Wednesday morning. A long band of thunder storms marked the advance of the strong cold front Wednesday forenoon. A front at the time reached from Lake Superior to the Texas Panhandle and was moving south—- eastward. Heavy rains, about 5 inches, drenched Duluth, Minnesota, causing local flooding. Hail and high winds occurred in Wisconsin and Minnesota. A large High pushed into the northern Great Plains shortly after midweek ending the rainy weather in that area. However, as the leading edge of the cold air migrated southeast- ward, it set off other thunderstorms. Heavy rains caused a light overflow of Rock River in northern Illinois Thursday. In the Texas Big Bend area, heavy rains caused the Rio Grande to rise above flood level. While a band of thunderstorms moved across the Great Plains, other air mass thunderstorms dotted the Deep South in hot sultry air that covered that region. Light to moderate showers fell from the Great Lakes to eastern Texas over the weekend. Weekly totals exceeded 5 inches in the extreme Northwest where the rainy season has definitely begun. Generous totals also occurred in northern Mississippi, nearby portions of neighboring States, and extreme southern Florida. The driest spots included California, southern New Mexico, southern Georgia, central and northeastern Wyoming, and western and central South Dakota. Weather of the week continued on page 674. - 656 - ' SPECIAL INSECTS OF REGIONAL SIGNIFICANCE CORN EARWORM (Heliothis zea) - ILLINOIS - Infestations in corn ear tips in east-southeast and southeast districts ranged 0-10 (averaged 5) percent. Ranged 0-20 (averaged 8) percent in south- west and west-southwest districts. (Ill. Ins. Rpt.). KANSAS - Larvae, mostly late instars, averaged 1.2 per head in soft dough stage sorghum in Linn County field; none seen in second field. None found in Miami County field; trace in one Johnson County field; second and third instars infested 5 percent of heads in Atchison County field; trace found in 2 fields each in Brown and Jackson Counties. Recent blacklight trap catches showed significant moth flights in Brown, Barton, and Finney Counties. (Bell). OKLAHOMA - Still present in several Payne County crops. Averaged 1 per 3 heads in grain sorghum, 2 per plant in peanuts, and light mimlonavoha (Okla. Coop. Suz. )). MISSISSIPPI - Averaged 1.5 per row foot in 80 acres of grain sorghum in Yalobusha County. (Sartor). ALABAMA - H. zea, Anticarsia gemmatalis (velvetbean caterpillar), and Pseudoplusia includens (soybean looper) damaged several thousand acres of soybeans in Baldwin and Mobile Counties. Heavy in several fields in Covington County. Two H. zea specimens taken in Talladega County where 15 spot surveys made. Occasional P. includens larva seen with fungus disease. (Turner et al.). H. zea and Trichoplusia ni (cabbage looper) damaged several hundred acres of commercial field peas in Geneva County. (Reynolds). VIRGINIA - H. zea moth collections in Accomack and Northampton Counties not high but consistent; about 10 per night taken past 7 days. Some small larvae observed in Soybeans; Several growers advised to treat. (Hofmaster). Very light in Middlesex County. (Edwards). MARYLAND - H. zea larvae caused light damage to 60 acres of soybeans near Hurlock, Dorchester County, and Hebron, Wicomico County. Damaged pods ranged 3-5 per 20 row feet. Other fields on Eastern Shore remain below this damage level. (U. Md., Ent. Dept.). DELAWARE - Adults averaged 24 per night in blacklight trap collections for 5 locations in Sussex County. Infestations in untreated late season sweet corn averaged nearly 100 percent in this area. (Burbutis, Kelsey). GREENBUG (Schizaphis graminum) - SOUTH DAKOTA - Very heavy on all stages of winter wheat in Tripp and Lyman Counties. Averaged 2,250 per 3 linear row feet in untreated winter wheat field south of Kennebec, Lyman County. Winter wheat just emerged from ground reported killed by feeding damage below soil surface. (Jones). KANSAS - Trace in volunteer wheat in Rice and Barton Counties, and in seeded wheat in Stafford County. (Bell). OKLAHOMA - Occasional specimens seen in seedling wheat in Major and Garfield Counties and in volunteer wheat in Woods County. (Okla. Coop. Sur.). WASHINGTON - Light on small plantings of sorghum and Sudan grass in Franklin and Benton Counties in late August. Scattered colonies on earliest planted wheat now present in same areas. (Klostermeyer). SPOTTED ALFALFA APHID (Therioaphis maculata) - NEBRASKA - Light in four seedling alfalfa fields in Dawson and Keith Counties. Ranged up to 20 per 20 sweeps in one field, negligible in 15 other established alfalfa fields. (Manglitz, Keith). NORTH DAKOTA - Adults collected from alfalfa at rate of 4 per 100 sweeps in Dunn County. This is a new county record. (Brandvik). - 657 - TOBACCO BUDWORM (Heliothis virescens) - MISSISSIPPI - Eggs averaged 7 per terminal in 20 acres of pigeon peas (experimental cover crop) in Perry County. (Sartor). CORN, SORGHUM, SUGARCANE EUROPEAN CORN BORER (Ostrinia nubilalis) - KANSAS - Second-instar to full-grown larvae infested 95 percent of stalks in field of late sorghum in Linn County; population mixture of second and third generation. None found in second field of more mature sorghum, Trace third-generation infestation noted in sorghum field in Miami County; 15 percent of plants infested in Johnson County field (mostly third generation). Trace infestations found in sorghum in Brown, Atchison, and Jackson Counties. Also taken in Wallace and Gove Counties. Collected and determined by M. Shuman. These are new county records. (Bell). MINNESOTA - Second generation light in south-central and southeast districts. Plants with feeding damage averaged 53.6 percent; borers per 100 plants averaged 20.4. Most borers in fourth instar. Infestations found in ear tips. Very few shank infestations noted; this contrasts sharply from second generation of 1971. (Minn. Pest Rpt.), ILLINOIS - Populations of O. nubilalis in field corn seem lighter than normal in 12 counties in southern third of State; 90 percent fifth instar. (111. Ins. Rpt.). DELAWARE - Adults decreased in blacklight trap collections, averaged 5 per night for 5 locations in Sussex County. (Burbutis, Kelsey). NORTH CAROLINA - Reduced yields of late corn in conjunction with low soil moisture. Up to 13 larvae per stalk seen in Robeson County. Lodging became serious problem in some heavily infested fields; however, generally below 5 percent of stalks infested. Harvest underway throughout Coastal Plain and Piedmont. (Hunt). SOUTHWESTERN CORN BORER (Diatraea grandiosella) -— ILLINOIS - Occasional infestations in field corn found in Saline, Alexander, and Pulaski Counties. Alexander County field averaged nearly 65 percent of plants infested; many toppled to ground. (111. Ins. Rpt.). ALABAMA - Damage moderate in 20-acre cornfield in Limestone County; damage heavy in several fields in Blount County. Last- generation larvae girdled stalks just above ground; toppled to ground. (Patterson, Loyd). SORGHUM WEBWORM (Celama sorghiella) - KENTUCKY - Larvae averaged 5 per head on late planted grain sorghum in Butler County. (Barnett, Raney). CORN ROOTWORMS (Diabrotica spp.) - IDAHO - D. virgifera (western corn rootworm) continued eee on mature corn in Franklin County. (Sandvol). WISCONSIN - Specimen of D. virgifera taken from corn in Barron County. Determined by R.E. White. This is a new county record. (Wis. Ins. Sur.). NORTH CAROLINA - D. undecimpunctata howardi (southern corn rootworm) caused heaviest damage to peanuts in Halifax and Northampton Counties. Damage completed. Little reduction in Joss to be achieved by treating this late. (Hunt). SORGHUM MIDGE (Contarinia sorghicola) - KANSAS - Adults ranged 2-10 per blooming head in late sorghum in Allen and Linn Counties; up to 50 per head in one field in Miami County. Trace numbers seen on blooming sorghum in one field each in Johnson and - 658 - Atchison Counties. Adults averaged 3-4 per blooming head on Johnson grass in Allen County. (Bell). MISSISSIPPI - Averaged 10 per head in one grain sorghum field in Oktibbeha County. (Robinson). SMALL GRAINS FALL ARMYWORM (Spodoptera frugiperda) - OKLAHOMA - Heavy in seedling wheat in Payne, Noble, Kay, and Jackson Counties. Damaged wheat in Tulsa County. Larvae ranged first to third instar in Kay County and first to fifth instar in Payne County. Light in Grant, Garfield, and Woodward Counties. (Okla. Coop. Sui.) . TURF, PASTURES, RANGELAND SOUTHERN CHINCH BUG (Blissus insularis) - TEXAS - Still problem in some lawns throughout Coastal Bend area and in Brazos and Burleson Counties. Some controls applied. (Cole, Green). CALIFORNIA - Infested Saint Augustine grass lawn at Stockton, San Joaquin County. Collected by C. Witherspoon and L. Hawkins. Determined by A. Hardy. This is a new county record. Pest now occurs in Orange, Los Angeles, Riverside, Sacramento, and San Joaquin Counties. (Cal. Coop. Rpt.). FALL ARMYWORM (Spodoptera frugiperda) - ALABAMA - Larvae damaged several fields of grass hay in Washington County. (Estes). WESTERN FLOWER THRIPS (Frankliniella occidentalis) - UTAH - Very heavy in Chrysothamnus (rabbitbrush) blossoms in Snowville area of Box Elder County, and in Logan, Green, and Box Elder Canyons of Cache County. (Knowlton). FORAGE LEGUMES ALFALFA WEEVIL (Hypera postica) - NORTH DAKOTA - Half-grown larvae averaged 8 per 100 sweeps in third-crop, irrigated alfalfa in McKenzie County. Adults averaged 56 per 100 sweeps in same fields. (Brandvik). NEBRASKA - Eleven adults and 17 larvae per 100 sweeps taken in 16 Dawson County alfalfa fields. (Manglitz, Keith). WISCONSIN - Specimens taken from alfalfa during late June in Pierce, Chippewa, Dunn, Eau Claire, Polk, Barron, and St. Croix Counties. Determined by R.E. Warner. These are new county records. WES sinse, sux.) . PEA APHID (Acyrthosiphon pisum) —- NEBRASKA - Ranged 2-20 per 20 sweeps in 16 Dawson County alfalfa fields. (Manglitz, Keith). ALFALFA LEAF BLOTCH-MINER (Agromyza frontella) - MASSACHUSETTS - Infestations in a mature untreated Berkshire County alfalfa field dropped from 16 percent to 5 percent in 14 days. Most mines in lower, older leaflets. (Jensen). ALFALFA CATERPILLAR (Colias eurytheme) —- NEW MEXICO - Heavy adult flights seen on alfalfa in northern Eddy County around Artesia. CeMeCoop., Rpt.) . = G68) = SOYBEANS MEXICAN BEAN BEETLE (Epilachna varivestis) - MARYLAND - Adults and larvae caused moderate to heavy defoliation (30-60 percent) in several hundred acres in Wicomico, Somerset, and Worcester Counties. Damage considered noneconomic as most beans filled before defoliation became moderate. (U. Md., Ent. Dept.). VIRGINIA - Built up in Middlesex County on late and early soy- beans; many fields sprayed. (Edwards). BEAN LEAF BEETLE (Cerotoma trifurcata) - OKLAHOMA - Heavy in Wagoner County soybeans. (OKla. Coop. Sur.). CABBAGE LOOPER (Trichoplusia ni) -—- MISSISSIPPI - Ranged light to heavy in 2,000 acres in Issaquena County; light in 850 acres in Clay County. (Robinson). OKLAHOMA - Damaged soybeans in Wagoner Couniiiva. (Oklan (Coop. .SUER):. SOUTHERN GREEN STINK BUG (Nezara viridula) - KENTUCKY - Averaged 42 per 360 row feet in Henderson County. (Barnett, Raney). COTTON BOLL WEEVIL (Anthonomus grandis) - OKLAHOMA - Punctured square counts ranged 0-21 percent in south-western area, adults common in blooms. Counts ranged 1-26 percent in Muskogee County; still averaged 100 percent in remaining squares in Caddo and Washita Counties. (Okla. Coop. Sur.). TEXAS - Weevils active in fields on east side of St. Lawrence area, Glasscock County. Punctured squares ranged 10-15 percent. No weevil activity detected on north side of St. Lawrence area. Producers in northern Glasscock County and east of Garden City plan to initiate diapause control program. (Neeb). GEORGIA - Infestation lowest for this date in several years in southern area. (Womack). BOLLWORMS (Heliothis spp.) - ARKANSAS - H. virescens heavy in extreme southeast area since early August. Moths appeared on sugar line in Jackson County in early September. Heliothis spp. moth flight very heavy in Jackson County September 15 and 19. None to very few moths observed On sugar lines in Mississippi County all season in extreme northeast area. Heliothis spp. larvae appeared in late cotton in this area. (Boyer). OKLAHOMA - Counts of Heliothis spp. damaged squares ranged O-12 percent in southwestern area, 14 percent in Caddo and Washita Counties. Damaged boll counts ranged 1-20 percent in Wagoner, Muskogee, and Bryan Counties. Eggs and small larvae still common in terminals in most areas. (Okla. Coop. Sur.). TEXAS - H. zea ranged moderate to heavy across cotton area. Damage 5-20 percent in El1,Paso County. Pecos and Reeves Counties report heavy egg pressure, 5-25 larvae per 100 plants, and 4-20 percent damage to squares and bolls. Heavy activity across Glasscock County, 10-20 percent damaged fruit. Midland, Martin, Upton, and Reagan Counties report 15-50 eggs per 100 plant terminals, 3-15 larvae per 100 plants, and 5-25 percent damaged squares and bolls. (Neeb). MISSISSIPPI - Heliothis spp. infestations ranged 0-8 percent in 500 acres in Issaquena County; eggs 60 percent and larvae 3 percent in 100 acres in Lowndes County. (Robinson). GEORGIA - Egg laying and infestations decreased in southern area. (Womack). - 660 - CABBAGE LOOPER (Trichoplusia ni) - ALABAMA - Larvae moved further north in State in heavier numbers than in over 10 years. Present in most cotton, but damage questionable. Virus condition in larvae apparently exerted less control than in most years. (McQueen). BEET ARMYWORM (Spodoptera exigua) - MISSISSIPPI - Light to heavy in 500 acres of cotton in ISsaquena County; 16 larvae recovered from 1 white bloom. (Robinson). BANDEDWING WHITEFLY (Trialeurodes abutilonea) - MISSISSIPPI - Moderate to heavy in 1,000 acres in ISsaquena County; still threat in Coahoma County green cotton. (Robinson). POTATOES, TOMATOES, PEPPERS VINEGAR FLIES (Drosophila spp.).- MARYLAND - Increased in late season tomatoes. Damaged about 10 percent of fruit in most fields contaminated with eggs and larvae. (U. Md., Ent. Dept.). BEANS AND PEAS SOYBEAN LOOPER (Pseudoplusia includens) - TENNESSEE - Immatures infested snap beans in Crossville area, Cumberland County. Will cause beans to be rejected at processing plant. (Mullett, Burgess). CABBAGE LOOPER (Trichoplusia ni) - KENTUCKY - Second and third- instar larvae in scattered "hot spots" damaged 525 acres of snap beans in Wayne County. (Barnett, Gregory). COLE CROPS CABBAGE LOOPER (Trichoplusia ni) - MISSISSIPPI - Heavy in 25 acres of greens and collards in Leake County. Some plants killed. (Robinson). CABBAGE WEBWORM (Hellula rogatalis) - ALABAMA - Larval feeding destroyed collards on 20-acre commercial planting in Jefferson County. (Smith). - 661 - DECIDUOUS FRUITS AND NUTS WALNUT CATERPILLAR (Datana integerrima) - MISSISSIPPI - Caused partial defoliation of hickory in Winston County. (Robinson). TEXAS - Heavy on pecans in eastern and south-central areas. Second-generation larvae defoliated most pecan trees in Liberty County during early September. Almost daily showers in Liberty County and other surrounding eastern counties hampered control. Infestations seen in Guadalupe, Gonzales, De Witt, Goliad, and Victoria Counties. (Tiller, Cole). OKLAHOMA - Heavy in Bryan and Pontotoc Counties; averaged about 1 colony per 5 trees in Payne County. (Okla. Coop. Sur.). FALL WEBWORM (Hyphantria cunea) - TEXAS - Heavy infestations defoliated pecans in Crockett, Ward, and Winkler Counties of Trans-Pecos area. Some infestations in far western areas resulted in complete webbing of trees. Increased infestations damaged pecans in Brazos County. (Neeb, Green). HICKORY SHUCKWORM (Laspeyresia caryana) - TEXAS - Damage appeared aS pecans matured throughout most south-central areas. Infested counties include Guadalupe, Gonzales, De Witt, Goliad, and Victoria. (Cole). PECAN WEEVIL (Curculio caryae) - OKLAHOMA - Adult emergence decreased in Payne County; still emerging in Tulsa County. (Okla. Coop. Sur.). BLACK PECAN APHID (Tinocallis caryaefoliae) - TEXAS - Damaged pecans in Gonzales, De Witt, and Victoria Counties. (Cole. ALABAMA - This species and Monellia spp. (yellow aphids) built up to damaging populations on commercial pecan trees in Elmore, Lowndes, Lee, Baldwin, Bullock, Washington, and Covington Counties. (Morris et al.). BLACKMARGINED APHID (Monellia costalis) - MISSISSIPPI - Controls applied on pecans in Coahoma County. (Robinson). SMALL FRUITS GRAPE BERRY MOTH (Paralobesia viteana) - OHIO - Second-generation larvae found in untreated or improperly treated vineyards. Eggs and all larval stages found in Lake County September 8; only parasitized eggs found 14 days later. No second-brood buildup found in adequately treated vineyards. (Still). FOREST AND SHADE TREES WHITE FIR NEEDLEMINER (Epinotia meritana) - ARIZONA - Caused heavy defoliation on 10,000 acres of white fir on Apache National Forest 30 miles south of Springerville, Apache County. Estimated 50 per- cent of needles mined. (Ariz. Coop. Rpt.). A GEOMETRID MOTH (Lambdina pellucidaria) - MASSACHUSETTS - Larvae moderate on pines in southeastern part of State. (Mankowski). FALL WEBWORM (Hyphantria cunea) - OHIO - Statewide survey showed heaviest infestations in eastern part of State where serious - 662 - defoliation occurred in many east-central and northeastern coun- ties. In western areas, infestation generally light. Defoliation of no major concern except in some small isolated areas. (Fox). NEW MEXICO - Heavy on cottonwood, mulberry, poplar, and other species of shade trees in southern areas. (N. M. Coop. Rpt.). VARIABLE OAKLEAF CATERPILLAR (Heterocampa manteo) - ARKANSAS - Heavy populations did not develop in 1972 as during past two years. Species apparently returned to more normal pattern. (Boyer). MISSOURI - Ornamental oaks defoliated in spots around cities in southeast area. Light feeding seen on wild oaks. (Munson). MAPLE LEAFCUTTER (Paraclemensia acerifoliella) - NEW HAMPSHIRE - Damaged sugar maples on estimated 50 acres in Sullivan County. (Mason, Morse). MIMOSA WEBWORM (Homadaula anisocentra) - OKLAHOMA - Light on mimosa in Morrison, Noble County. This is a new county record. (Okla. Coop. Sur.). ORANGESTRIPED OAKWORM (Anisota senatoria) - MICHIGAN - Larvae locally heavy on individual specimen trees in Calhoun and Kalamazoo Counties. (Sauer). MAN AND ANIMALS SCREWWORM (Cochliomyia hominivorax) - Total of 4,669 confirmed cases reported in continental U.S. during period September 10-16 as follows: Texas 4,200; New Mexico 159; Arizona 201; Oklahoma 109. Total of 1,247 confirmed cases reported in Mexico. Number of sterile flies released in U.S. this period totaled 171,626,000 as follows: Texas 150,148,000; New Mexico 5,140,000; Arizona 15,688,000; California 650,000. Total of 28,220,000 sterile flies released in Mexico. (Anim. Health). FACE FLY (Musca autumnalis) - KENTUCKY - Adult average per animal on mixed breeds of cattle by county: Jessamine 10.8, Fayette 15.0, Bourbon 7.5 and Scott (one location) 18.5. (Barnett). ILLINOIS - Averaged 5.6 per animal on untreated pastured beef and dairy cattle in northern area. (111. Ins. Rpt.). STABLE FLY (Stomoxys calcitrans) - ILLINOIS - Averaged 22.4 per animal on untreated pastured beef and dairy cattle in northern area. Unusually heavy; summer populations ranged 6-10 per animal. (Ill. Ins. Rpt.). WISCONSIN - Moderate to heavy on cattle in Chippewa, Columbia, Rock, Wood, Walworth, and Bayfield Counties. (Wis. Ins. Sur.). aN HORN FLY (Haematobia irritans) - MISSISSIPPI - Ranged 75-100 per cow in Issaquena County, 1,000+ on 15 head in Monroe County (Robinson). OKLAHOMA - Averaged 300 per head on cattle in Payne County. Heavy in Craig and Pontotoc Counties, moderate to heavy in Woodward County, and moderate in Pamnee County. (Okla. Coop. Sur.). ILLINOIS - Averaged 28 per animal on untreated pastured beef and dairy cattle in northern area. (IW. Ins. Rpt.). MOSQUITOES - OHIO - Aedes vexans and Culex p. pipiens annoying in various areas throughout northern section. Potential for continued = (58) breeding extremely favorable due to heavy rains. Annoyance by adult mosquitoes emerging from flooded areas will depend on favor- able temperatures at dusk. (Rings). WISCONSIN - Mosquito popula- tions heaviest ever. Heavy rainfall added to existing problem of standing water in low areas. Expected to remain major nuisance until freezing weather. Annoyance to humans and cattle heavy in all areas. (Wis. Ins. Sur.). MINNESOTA - Aedes vexans still domi- nant species in light trap and bite collections in Metropolitan Mosquito Control District; accounted for 80 and 40 percent, respec-— tively, of catches. Culex p. pipiens, C. restuans, C. salinarius, C. tarsalis, and C. territans present in small numbers in trap collections. Two egg samples from Ramsey County showed 93 percent diapause when submersed in laboratory. (Minn. Pest Rpt.). UTAH - Mosquitoes, mainly A. dorsalis, very heavy and annoying from Locomotive Springs north through Curlew and Hansel Valleys, past Snowville in Box Elder County. Annoying also in Cache and Davis Counties. Mosquitoes annoying horses near Collinston, Box Elder County. (Knowlton). CALIFORNIA - Heavy in Sacramento, Sacramento County, and adjacent areas. Draining of rice paddies in rice-growing areas resulted in heavy populations. (Cal. Coop. Rote BROWN DOG TICK (Rhipicephalus sanguineus) - NEVADA - Heavy in Las Vegas area, Clark County, with much treating underway. (Zoller). STORED PRODUCTS INDIAN MEAL MOTH (Plodia interpunctella) - OHIO - Moderate to heavy in bin of wheat in Pickaway County elevator. Considered most troublesome of grain infesting moths. (Fox, September 15). BENEFICIAL INSECTS AN ENCYRTID WASP (Ooencyrtus kuwanai) - SOUTH CAROLINA - Total of 20,000 specimens of this egg parasite of Porthetria dispar (gypsy moth) released in Horry County where male moths trapped earlier this season. (McKee). LADY BEETLES - COLORADO - Various species heavy in Pueblo County alfalfa fields. (Colo. Ins. Sur.) FEDERAL AND STATE PLANT PROTECTION PROGRAMS EUROPEAN CRANE FLY (Tipula paludosa) - WASHINGTON - Survey of pasture near Custer, Whatcom County, Showed development on Septem- ber 11 to be 3.48 percent pupae and 96.6 adults. (Jackson). GRASSHOPPERS - NEW MEXICO - Heavy on rangeland in Lincoln, Chaves, Eddy, and Lea Counties. Over 3,000,000 acres heavily infested. (N. M. Coop. Rpt.). COLORADO - Adult surveys reveal 53,140 acres of cropland and 580,120 acres of rangeland infested in eastern areas. Pueblo and Fremont Counties have largest area of threaten- ing infestations. (Colo. Ins. Sur.). MONTANA - Adult survey showed counts of 8+ per square yard on total of 187,300 acres in 14 counties. Melanoplus sanguinipes, M. bivittatus, Camnula pellucida, and M. packardii dominant species. (Pratt). - 664 - IDAHO - Fall adult grasshopper surveys indicate potential control may be needed on 2,130,000 acres of which 749,160 acres are private and State land and 1,381,000 acres public domain. About 750,000 acres are in Lincoln, Blaine, and Minidoka Counties. Numerous aerial migrations observed all season. (Pollard). WASHINGTON - Adult survey showed statewide economic populations (8 or more per yard) on total of 1,044,780 acres. Suggests serious potential problems in 1973 growing season. (PP). MORMON CRICKET (Anabrus simplex) - MONTANA - Scattered crickets found in Rosebud, Meagher, Stillwater, and Lake Counties. Small bands found in Sanders and Powell Counties. (Pratt). GYPSY MOTH (Porthetria dispar) - See "AN ENCYRTID WASP" under BENEFICIAL INSECTS page 664, JAPANESE BEETLE (Popillia japonica) - TENNESSEE - Adult trapped at rest stop on U.S. Interstate Route 40 in Benton County Septem- ber 20, 1972. (Steele). Previously collected in this county in 1971. (PP). PINK BOLLWORM (Pectinophora gossypiella) - TEXAS - Infested bolls ranged 5-45 percent in El Paso County. Light to moderate moth activity indicated by hexalure trap catches in Pecos Valley and in Upton and Glasscock Counties. Boll infestations in Pecos Valley area ranged 5-55 percent. Glasscock County reported 5-15 percent infested bolls. (Neeb). NEW MEXICO - Checks in extreme southern Dona Ana County revealed one or two fields with larvae in bolls ranging up to 30 percent. (N. M. Coop. Rpt.). ARIZONA - Infested 85 percent of bolls in 60 acres of long staple cotton at Safford, Graham County. Controls applied in Graham, Maricopa, Pinal, and Yuma Counties. (Ariz. Coop. Sur.). DETECTION New County Records - ALFALFA WEEVIL (Hypera postica) WISCONSIN - Pierce, Chippewa, Dunn, Eau Claire, Polk, Barron, St. Croix (p. 659). EUROPEAN CORN BORER (Ostrinia nubilalis) KANSAS - Wallace, Gove (p. 658). MIMOSA WEBWORM (Homadaula anisocentra) OKLAHOMA - Noble (p. 663). SOUTHERN CHINCH BUG (Blissus insularis) CALIFORNIA - San Joaquin (p. 659). SPOTTED ALFALFA APHID | (Therioaphis maculata) NORTH DAKOTA - Dunn (p. 657). WESTERN CORN ROOTWORM (Diabrotica virgifera) WISCONSIN - Barron (p. 658). CORRECTIONS CEIR 22(36):607 - JAPANESE BEETLE (Popillia japonica) - IOWA - ‘Should read: ''...Black Hawk County collection is first time this \pest trapped in State since 1958..." | { K \ - 665 - HAWAII INSECT REPORT Corn - CORN PLANTHOPPER (Peregrinus maidis) and CORN LEAF APHID (Rhopalosiphum maidis) light to moderate in 3 acres of nearly mature Sweet corn at Waimanalo, Oahu. Predators nil. CHINESE ROSE BEETLE (Adoretus sinicus) damage heavy to many plants up to 15 yards in from perimeter of this planting; damage nil in midfield. (Kawamura) . General Vegetables - GREENHOUSE WHITEFLY (Trialeurodes vaporariorum) light to moderate in 0.3 acre of bitter melon at Waimanalo, Oahu; trace in 5,000 square-foot planting of Same crop at Pearl City. TARO LEAFHOPPER (Tarophagus proserpina) light in 5 acres of taro at Waipahu, Oahu; averaged less than 4 nymphs or adults per plant. A MIRID BUG (Cyrtorhinus fulvus), an egg pre- dator, light in terminal leaf sheaths. WATERLILY APHID (Rhopalosi- phum nymphaeae) generally light; small, isolated moderate popula- tions in some paddies. CABBAGE WEBWORM (Hellula rogatalis) light in 0.1 acre of daikon at Waimanalo, Oahu; about 13 percent of terminals with one or more larvae. Infestation heavy in 0.1 acre of same crop at Pearl City; about 80 percent of young plants infested. (Kawamura). LEAFMINER FLIES (Liriomyza spp.) and BEET ARMYWORM (Spodoptera exigua) light in green onion fields at Waimanalo and Pearl City, Oahu; average of less than 15 percent of leaves lightly affected by one or both species. (Kawamura). Larval mines of Liriomyza spp. heavy in one acre of young cucum-— ber plants at Wailua, Kauai. (Ikehara, Kawamura). Fruits and Nuts - FLORIDA RED SCALE (Chrysomphalus aonidum) light on 20 coconut trees at Kahului, Maui; 25 percent of leaves in- fested with average of 2.5 scales per leaf. (Miyahira). COCONUT SCALE (Aspidiotus destructor) generally light to moderate in small commercial planting of bananas at Pearl City, Oahu; heavy on few older leaves. Nymphs and adults of Lindorus lophanthae and Telsimia nitida (lady beetles) moderate on infested leaves. No Specimens of Pseudoscymnus anomolus (a lady beetle) noted in planting. P. anomolus introduced from Guam and released in Feb- ruary 1971 in this area. Releases also made at Hawaii Kai where recovery made for first time during second week of September. (Kawamura) . Ornamentals —- A LEAFCUTTING BEE (Megachile sp.) caused heavy foliar damage to Cassia sp., Eucalyptus sp., and Thespia populnea saplings in nursery at Kahului, Maui. Similar damage to yard rose bushes in same area. (Miyahira). Miscellaneous Pests —- VAGRANT GRASSHOPPER (Schistocerca vaga) caused heavy foliar damage to yard planting of Podocarpus sp. and Hibiscus sp. at Salt Lake, Oahu; 5 nymphs observed feeding on Hibiscus sp. S. vaga first reported on Oahu in August 1964 but has remained noneconomic, feeding mainly on wasteland kiawe and slender mimosa. During the past few months isolated, unconfirmed reports of feeding on Citrus have been received. (Kajiwara). - 666 - GL oo cee | LT TV 8 T T i € vE ST oL €L € Tt 8 v9 I 81é 0G OV9E cT rE a 89 LT VG a4 S6 NO SG x4 90 vOG GES Tt 60T T8T £06 986 TZ Sv vst 86 MN & 00 V8 vs OeT ise) Tt 86 ot 08 6G 0c 86 Td 1d Td Ta Td la Ta ket Td Td Td Ta Td Ta @c-81/6 Aateus © ZZ-81/6 UOSTpPsH @2-81/6 re4a (430n0D) AISSANNAL 81-2/6 }Se4qyNoS 81-L/6 }88ey3N0g 8I-2/6 Tez3ue9 (4°T238Td) WINVA'IASNNGd OZ-7T/6 UOFIEH (430n09) NODTUO TZ-SGT/6 10}500M OIHO OZ-PI/6 PUBTOUTA 0Z-F1/6 Aoo1gBes OZ-71T/6 PUBTSI seuor AGSUGe MAN 81/6 PLOFFEIYS (43un0D) AFUYIHSdNVH MAN €1/6 uqnowdTd VASVudaNn IZ-ST/6 uozsuTYyseM (4yuno09) IddISSISsitw Zo-81/6 Uo,eoUTId 02/6 U0ZsUTXET 61/6 ueern SUT TAO, AMONINGA STP‘ Zt‘ Il/6 eungTaL 81/6 BUeMeTH Tz-2/6 pueg 78215 SVSNVI T2-ST/6 ETTFASeUTeD valuo ta SNOIL931105 dval LHS 667 184/1000|] 28 22 w Zz Oo — (8) ite} —_ a 222 oO ~ = 1 U 4 © 0 Ins Bont Nae ct Omea ir ISS SS a a Oortl Xan < 1 X~X 0 (o>) x DAA a) oe al p o>) OC On -— Ss Sk ro} Zeuera ® tones HONS Oe nos anes = no Hata SGHan ta Of O08 OB888 ie) = 20 B= AHS = H lal = B > = - 668 - ALFALFA WEEVIL Hypera postica (Gyllenhal) Selected References 1970-1971 Copies of this bibliography are available from Pest Survey and Technical Support Staff. Arnbeust, HE. J., Roberts, S! J., and White, C. E. 1970. Feeding Behavior of alfalfa weevil larvae parasitized by Bathyplectes curculionis. J. Econ. Ent. 63(5):1689-1690. Armbrust, E. J., White, C. E., and Roberts, S. J. 1970. Mating preference of eastern and western United States strains of the alfalfa weevil. J. Econ. Ent. 63(2):674-675. Armbrust, E. J. and Wilson, M. C. 1970. Effect of weather on the toxicity and persistence of Some inSecticides on alfalfa foliage. J. Econ. Ent. 63(1):189-192. Barnes, D. K. and Coauthors. 1970. The development and performance of Team alfalfa: a multiple pest resistant alfalfa with mod- erate resistance to the alfalfa weevil. U.S. Agr. Res. Serv. ARS 34-115. 41 pp. Bland, R. G. 1971. Photoperiod-diapause relationships in the alfalfa weevil, Hypera postica. Ent. Soc. Amer. Ann. 64(5): 1163-1166. Brazzel, J. R. (Convener). 1970. Second conference on test methods for resistance in insects of agricultural importance. Standard method for detection of insecticide resistance in Heliothis zea (Boddie) and H. virescens (F.). Tentative methods for detection in Diabrotica and Hypera. College Park, Maryland. April 1-4, 1969. Ent. Soc. Amer. Bul. 16(3):147- WSS} 6 Burgess, E. E. and Bennett, S. E. 1971. Mortality and abnormali- ties caused by gamma irradiation of alfalfa weevil larvae. Ent. Soc. Amer. Ann. 64(1):88-90. Burks, B. D. 1971. The name Tetrastichus incertus (Ratzeburg) as employed for an introduced parasite of the alfalfa weevil, Hypera postica (Gyllenhal). Ent. Soc. Wash. Proc. 73(4) :429- ay a) a Byrne, H. D. and Ritterhausen, E. L. 1970. A technique for evalu- ation of alfalfa populations for resistance to alfalfa weevil larvae. J. Econ. Ent. 63(2):652-653. Byrne, H. D. and Rittershausen, E. L. 1970. Screening of clones of alfalfa for resistance to alfalfa weevil larvae. J. Econ. Ent. 63(2) :682-683. Carpenter, G. P. 1970. Alfalfa weevil control in Idaho by early treatment of the first crop. J. Econ. Ent. 63(5):1602-1604. - 669 - Davis, D. W. 1970. Insecticidal control of the alfalfa weevil in northern Utah and some resulting effects on the weevil parasite Bathyplectes curculionis. J. Econ. Ent. 63(1):119- 125. Day, W. H. 1971. Reproductive status and survival of alfalfa weevil adults: effects of certain foods and temperatures. Ent. Soc. Amer. Ann. 64(1):208-212. Day, W. H. 1970. The survival value of its jumping cocoons to Bathyplectes anurus, a parasite of the alfalfa weevil. J. Econ. Ent. 63(2):586-589. Day, W. H., Coles; L. W., Stewart, J. A., and Fuester> Rose etomee Distribution of Microctonus aethiops and M. colesSi, parasites of the alfalfa weevil, in the eastern United States. J. Econ. Ent. 64(1):190-193. Dively, G. P., II. 1970. Overwintering alfalfa weevil eggs in three stages of alfalfa grown in New Jersey. Ent. Soc. Amer. Ann. 63(5):1213-1216. Dorsey, C. K. 1971. Comparative effectiveness of topically applied) chemicals in killing adult alfalfa weevils. W. Va. Univ. Agr. EGO Ste. Ce, Wow. Dis LO Dc Dysart, R. J. and Coles, L. W. 1971. Bathyplectes stenostigma, parasite of the alfalfa weevil in Europe. Ent. Soc. Amer. Ann. 64(6) :1361-1367. Fahey, J. E., Wilson, M. C., and Armbrust, E. J. 1970. Residues .o# supracide and carbofuran in green and dehydrated alfalfa. J. Econ. Ent. 63(2))2589=—5911. Supracide, a promising insecticide for alfalfa weevil control. Flessel, J. K. and Niemezyk, H. D. 1970. Alfalfa weevil parasites in Ohio. Pesticide News 23(4):114. Flessel, J. K. and Niemezyk, H. D. 1971. Theoretical values of fully grown first-cutting alfalfa lost to alfalfa weevil larvae. J. Econ. Ent. 64(1) :328-329. Fuester, R. W. 1970. Separation of first-stage larvae of two species of Microctonus (Hymenoptera: Braconidae) which attack the alfalfa weevil. Ent. Soc. Amer. Ann. 63(6):1777- ior Goonewardene, H. F. and Filmer, R. S. 1971. A technique for evaluation of field control of the alfalfa weevil using a fixed population. J. Econ. Ent. 64(1):327-328. - 670 - aE ine as a Ce?) Se | | Hanson, C. H. and Ratcliffe, R. H. 1970. Alfalfa weevil menace: is relief in sight? Crops Soils 23(1):10-12. Horn, D. J. 1970. Oviposition behavior of Tetrastichus incertus, a parasite of the alfalfa weevil. J. Econ. Ent. 63(1) :303- 304. Horn, D. J. 1971. The relationship between a parasite, Tetrastichus incertus (Hymenoptera: Eulophidae), and its host, the alfalfa weevil, Hypera postica (Coleoptera: Curculionidae), in New York. Canad. Ent. 103(1) :83-94. Hower, A. A., Jr. 1971. An abnormality in the reproductive system of field-collected alfalfa weevils, Hypera postica. Ent. Soc. Amer. Ann. 64(4):951-952. . POVewanen., IG, sand Ferrer) Fok, lo70e Anvartitieial ovi— position technique for the alfalfa weevil. J. Econ. Ent. 63(3) :761-764. Keddiess Co J., Taylor, N. L., VanMeter, €. L., and Pass; B. C€. 1970. Feeding response of the adult alfalfa weevil to plant Species phylogenetically related to alfalfa. J. Econ. Ent. 63(1) :302-303. Koehler, P. G. 1971. An association between the alfalfa weevil's larval growth response and adult feeding response to its host plant. Ent. Soc. Amer. Ann. 64(6) :1230-1233. Koehler, P. and Rittershausen, E. 1971. A net for the mass collection of alfalfa weevils. Ent. Soc. Amer. Ann. 64(1): 299. LeCato, G. L., III, and Pienkowski, R. L. 1970. Effects of temperature and presence of males on laboratory oviposition by the alfalfa weevil. J. Econ. Ent. 63(3):897-900. LeCato, G. L., III, and Pienkowski, R. L. 1970. Frequency and duration of mounting and copulation by the alfalfa weevil in the laboratory. Ent. Soc. Amer. Ann. 63(6):1548-1552. LeCato, G. L., III, and Pienkowski, R. L. 1970. Laboratory mating behavior of the alfalfa weevil, Hypera postica. Ent. Soc. Amer. Ann. 63(4):1000-1007. LeCato, G. L., III, and Pienkowski, R. L. 1970. Sexual respon- Siveness of the male alfalfa weevil, Hypera postica, as affected by prior contact with other alfalfa weevils. Ent. Expt. et Appl. 13(4) :462-466. LeCato, G. L., III, and Pienkowski, R. L. 1970. Temperature effects on laboratory mating behavior of the alfalfa weevil. J. Econ. Ent. 63(3) :928-930. MacCollom, G. B. 1970. U.S. losses are $56 million. We fight to stop the alfalfa beetle. Vt. Farm Home Sei. 12(2):3, 18. - 671 - Mailloux, G. and Pilon, J. G. 1970. Patasson luna (Girault) | (Hymenoptera: Mymaridae) and Bathyplectes curculionis (Thomson) (Hymenoptera: Ichneumonidae), two parasites of / Hypera postica (Gyllenhal) (Coleoptera: Curculionidae) in Quebec. Canad. J. Zool. 48(3):607-608. Marks, J. 1970. Alfalfa weevil "stoppers". Hoard's Dairyman LESCO) e532 —55 45. Miller, M. C. 1970. Biological control of the alfalfa weevil in Massachusetts. J. Econ. Ent. 63(2) :440-443. Miller, M. C. 1970. Studies of interspecific competition between Tetrastichus incertus and Bathyplectes curculionis, larval endoparasites of the alfalfa weevil. J. Econ. Ent. 63(3):719- Alba Morse, R. A. 1970. Less spraying for alfalfa weevil in East. Gleanings Bee Cult. 98(8):479, 507. Neal, J. W., Jm., Bickley; W._H.., and Bilickensitativy Cry Cems lImoOr Recovery of the braconid parasite Microctonus aethiops from the alfalfa weevil after hormonal treatment. J. Econ. Ent. 63(2) :681-682. Nealy Js Wo, dra. Hotlaway., We Do) vand Bilekley WiceeH elomelee Response of Microctonus aethiops and M. colesi, parasites of the alfalfa weevil, to a mixture of cis-trans— and trans- | trans-10,11,-epoxyfarnesenic acid methyl ester. J. Econ. Ent. 64( 1) :338-339. Niemezyk, H. D. and Flessel, J. K. 1970. Further testing of insecticides for a preventive program for control of alfalfa weevil. J. Econ. Ent. 63(4) :1330-1332. Niemezyk, H. D. and Flessel, J. K. 1970. Population dynamics of | alfalfa weevil eggs in Ohio. J. Econ. Ent. 63(1):242-247. | Parker, B. L. 1970. Measuring alfalfa weevil larval populations by volume. J. Econ. Ent. 63(5):1663-1665. : Pitre, H. .N;,Watsong.V: H:, and’ Ward; €:aY.,. 1970: 7 Etetd leva ation of alfalfa cultivars for resistance to alfalfa weevil in Mississippi--a preliminary study. Agron J. 62(5):678-679. | Richardson, R: lk, Nelson, D. E., York, A. C., and | Gyrisce Gage. 1971. Biological control of the alfalfa weevil Hypera postica | (Coleoptera: Curculionidae) in New York. Canad. Ent. LOS GLE 1653-1658. Roberts, S..J., DeWitt, J. R., and Armbrust, E. J.)1970> Prediciras spring hatch of the alfalfa weevil. J. Econ. Ent. 63(3) :921- 923. Schroder, R. F. W. 1970. A modified suction machine for sampling populations of alfalfa weevils on alfalfa. J. Econ. Ent. 63(4) :1329-1330. } . { = 672 & | Sidadem eh. Ho, Axtell, J. Dos and Wilson, M. €. 1971". A relation— Ship between plant height of alfalfa and the rate of alfalfa weevil larval development. J. Econ. Ent. 64(2):437-438. SHecaucne J. A, Bland,’ R. G.,' Coon, F. A:, and’ Gyrisco, G. G- 1970. Flight behavior and direction of migrating alfalfa weevils. J. Econ. Ent. 63(3):1010-1011. Stehr, F. W. and Casagrande, R. A. 1971. Establishment of Microctonus aethiops, a parasite of adult alfalfa weevils, in Michigan. J. Econ. Ent. 64(1):340-341. Summers, C. G., Byrne, H. D., and Pimentel, D. 1971. Spring timing applications for control of the alfalfa weevil in New York. J. Econ. Ent. 64(2) :478-480. Tombes, A. S. and Smith, D. S. 1970. Ultrastructural studies on corpora cardiaca-allata complex of adult alfalfa weevil, Hypera poStica. J. Morphol. 132(2):137-148. Tysowsky, M. and Dorsey, C. K. 1970. Hibernation and estivation habits of the alfalfa weevil in West Virginia. J. Econ. Ent. 63(2) :347-350. Van Meter, C. L. and Pass, B. C. 1970. Susceptibility of adult alfalfa weevils of low lipid content to selected insecticides. J. Econ. Ent. 63(4):1268-1271. Walstrom, R. J., Jones, P. A., and Gastler, G. F. 1970. Effect of phorate for partial control of alfalfa weevil on nutritional values of alfalfa hay. J. Econ. Ent. 63(4) :1374-1375. Wilson, M. C. and Armbrust, E. J. 1970. Approach to integrated control of the alfalfa weevil. J. Econ. Ent. 63(2):554-557. U.S. Dept. Agr. Coop. Econ. Ins. Rpt. 22 (39) :669-673,1972 Prepared by Pest Survey and Technical Support Staff - 673 - Weather of the week continued from page 656. TEMPERATURE: A low was centered over southern Manitoba early in the week. A front trailed southward up the Red River of the North. A cold front extended from near Grand Forks, North Dakota, toward Colorado and a warm front stretched from the Grand Forks vicinity to South Carolina. Hot, humid air covered a warm sector of the Low. Afternoon temperatures reached the 90's over much of the warm sector. Grand Island, Nebraska, registered 100 degrees Monday afternoon and Aberdeen, South Dakota, 98 degrees Tuesday. A high relative humidity made the air feel more uncomfortable. A quick change in the weather occurred Wednesday as cold air advanced over the northern and central Great Plains. Afternoon temperatures at Jamestown, North Dakota, were: Tuesday 94 degrees, Wednesday 70 degrees, and Thursday 60 degrees. Temperature changes over the South were less drastic. Daily maximums at Memphis, Tennessee, Tuesday to Thursday were 96, 91, and 88 degrees. The desert South- west continued hot. Thermal and Blythe, both in California, | registered 104 degrees Thursday. Subfreezing weather occurred in spots in the northern and central Rocky Mountains and parts of the Great Basin on some mornings. Big Piney, Wyoming, recorded 13 degrees Thursday morning. The weekend was cool over most of the Nation. Subfreezing temperatures occurred over the northern Rocky Mountains and the western edge of the northern Great Plains. Afternoon temperatures remained in the 40's and 50's over most of Montana and North Dakota Sunday. Although autumn made a good beginning over the North, summer weather continued in the South. Parts of Mississippi averaged more -than 5 degrees above normal. Maximum temperatures in Mississippi were mostly in the high 90's early in the week, low 90's over the weekend. . - 674 - U.S. DEPARTMENT OF AGRICULTURE HYATTSVILLE, MARYLAND 20782 POSTAGE AND FEES PAID OFFICIAL BUSINESS U.S. DEPARTMENT OF PENALTY FOR PRIVATE USE, $300 AGRICULTURE : AGR 101 ¥ gh \ ate We BS 3 ne 1004 SMINLISMIAL22 34037 00 0 TTTUTION LIBR- | NTAN INSTI jy ™ SMITHSONE ONTAN INST ,, THS ARTES SMITH: : WASHINGTON DC 20560 VOL. 22 No. 40 October 6, 1972 SB G25 G77, Cooperative Economic Insect Report Issued by PLANT PROTECTION AND QUARANTINE PROGRAMS ANIMAL AND PLANT HEALTH INSPECTION SERVICE U.S. DEPARTMENT OF AGRICULTURE ANIMAL AND PLANT HEALTH INSPECTION SERVICE PLANT PROTECTION AND QUARANTINE PROGRAMS PEST SURVEY AND TECHNICAL SUPPORT STAFF The Cooperative Economic Insect Report is issued weekly as a Service to American Agriculture. Its contents are compiled from information supplied by cooperating State, Federal, and industrial entomologists and other agricultural workers. In releasing this material the Service serves as a Clearing house and does not assume responsibility for ac- curacy of the material. All reports and inquiries pertaining to this release, including the mailing list, should be sent to: : CEIR Pest Survey and Technical Support Staff Plant Protection and Quarantine Programs Animal and Plant Health Inspection Service United States Department of Agriculture Federal Center Building Hyattsville, Maryland 20782 Volume 22 October 6, 1972 Number 40 COOPERATIVE ECONOMIC INSECT REPORT HIGHLIGHTS Current Conditions SOUTHERN CORNSTALK BORER reported for first time in Kansas since 1920. (p. 677). FALL ARMYWORM heavy in wheat in western two-thirds of Oklahoma; many fields destroyed, will be replanted. Many fields treated. Also economic in some small grains in scattered areas of Arkansas and heavy in southwest Missouri. Fall armyworm heavy in Bermuda grass pastures in Oklahoma; increased in pastures with controls applied in central, southwest, and northwest Arkansas; controls applied to newly seeded grasses in southwest Missouri. (p. 678). ALFALFA WEEVIL caused estimated loss of 4 million dollars to forage and seed alfalfa crops in Utah during 1972. (p. 679). SCREWWORM infestation continues at high level in Texas; 2 con- firmed cases reported from Kansas. (p. 683). Detection A STILT BUG reported for first time from Pennsylvania. For new county records see page 685. Special Reports Gypsy Moth. Selected References 1970-1971. (pp. 688-689). Reports in this issue are for week ending September 29 unless otherwise indicated. - 675 = CONTENTS Special Insects of Regional Significance........... alos evieliohelrententemone 677 Insects Affecting Corn, Sorghum, Sugarcane....677 Beans and Peas......... -...680 Smal Gia rashes sueecetencwereeeneuareye 6iSe Cole® CrOpSie a «asics cree Peeiota Orel Turf, Pastures, Rangeland...678 General Vegetables......... 681 HOIPEYSS, ILALWINOSooac0d00500000 679 Deciduous Fruits and Nuts. .682 SOY DE AMS i, Shi sewers os) Merle, ohare sreue 679°. Ornamentals. 7. 3... ss oe teres 682 COOMA eee pote ene ere sioren ey ay sts) rents 680 Forest and Shade Trees.....682 SUSaAiNy VBESUWS enous: oeeey sheers) cue teleuretes 680 Man and Animals............ 683 Potatoes, Tomatoes, Peppers.680 Stored Products............ 684 Benet veral- IMSEC Si. se sie, S Syfeie sais: ove; a1 ce) o.ist 0: ere tere (0) 0itol el oilal oeliai tal teem ORO Men en arene 684 Federal and State Plant Protection Programs..... “ig la iver sertoriah oftamentemone - 684 DEtEe CHONG ay. eet teens write: icra stone etohedarare sete. aha see ete eco eeneme wr lelten are eeeeteme 685 Hawaia vinsecty Report Cama wee e ntele ce tebrertete ela ey cele Sil ceWeiralnee en eens 686 Ligh terRisap' Coll SC ERONS ene. tere, olictatis te lotetelteneret eters tonic tees ttomeneens os dis ae OOW Gypsy Moth. Selected References 1970-1971..............-. sae COO NATIONAL WEATHER SERVICE'S 30-DAY OUTLOOK OCTOBER 1972 The National Weather Service's 30-day outlook for October calls for temperatures to average below seasonal normal over northern and central portions of the Plains and the Mississippi Valley and also in eastern portions of the central and southern plateau region. Above normal temperatures are indicated for the Atlantic and Gulf Coast States as well as the central and south Pacific coast. In unspecified areas near normal temperatures are in pro- spect. Precipitation is expected to exceed normal from the Mississippi Valley to the Appalachians, as well as over the northern Plains and the southern plateau. Subnormal totals are indicated for California and the Great Basin. Elsewhere near normal totals are expected. Weather forecast given here is based on the official 30-day "Resume and Outlook" published twice a month by the National Weather Service. You can subscribe through the Superintendent of Documents, Washington, D.C. 20250. Price $5.00 a year. WEATHER OF THE WEEK ENDING OCTOBER 2 Reprinted from Weekly Weather and Crop Bulletin supplied by Environmental Data Service, NOAA. PRECIPITATION: Northeasterly upslope winds produced heavy snow over portions of Montana late Sunday, September 24, and early Monday morning. By 6 a.m., m.s.t. Monday, snow had accumulated to 3 inches at Butte, 4 inches at Livingston, and 13 inches at Miles City, all in Montana. Heavy rains fell along a front that stretched from the Great Lakes to a Low centered over the Texas Panhandle. From Sunday night to 3 a.m. Monday, about 5 inches had fallen at Charles City, Iowa. Up to 4 inches soaked Poplar Bluff, Missouri. Cold rain and snow fell late Tuesday over portions of Idaho and Nevada. Weather of the week continued on page 690. - 676 - SPECIAL INSECTS OF REGIONAL SIGNIFICANCE CORN EARWORM (Heliothis zea) - OKLAHOMA - Ranged 13-15 per 10 sweeps in alfalfa in Payne and Noble Counties. Damaged soybean pods in Wagoner County. Light in soybeans in Rogers and Mayes Counties. Light and scattered in late sorghum heads in Major, Mayes, and several west-central counties. (Okla. Coop. Sur.). TEXAS - Damaged grain sorghum heads in isolated areas of Pecos County. Field counts showed one larva per head in 15-40 percent of sorghum heads. (Neeb). WISCONSIN - Larvae appeared in sweet corn in northeast area; infestation less than 2 percent. Treat-— ments not planned. (Wis. Ins. Sur.). DELAWARE - Adults decreased in blacklight trap collections; averaged 5 per night at 5 loca- tions in Sussex County. (Burbutis, Kelsey). GREENBUG (Schizaphis graminum) - SOUTH DAKOTA - Ranged light to heavy in all winter wheat from Fall River County to Lyman County. West of Oelrichs, Fall River County, infestations ranged 10-70 per linear row foot in winter wheat; infestations uneven across fields. Near Wickville and Quinn, eastern Pennington County, infestations light, ranged 5-50 per linear row foot. Heavier infestations, 70-150 per linear row foot, seen in fields in Jackson, Jones, and Lyman Counties. Infestations reported in winter wheat in Buffalo County. Almost all winter wheat acreage treated in Tripp County, some fields treated twice. (Jones). OKLAHOMA - Light to moderate in seedling wheat in Kingfisher County. Light in Custer and Beckham Counties. (Okla. Coop. Sur.). TOBACCO BUDWORM (Heliothis virescens) - MISSISSIPPI - Infestation of Heliothis spp. in 3,000 acres of soybeans in Yazoo County 80 percent this species. Control very difficult. (Young). CORN, SORGHUM, SUGARCANE EUROPEAN CORN BORER (Ostrinia nubilalis) - DELAWARE - Adults in blacklight traps averaged 2 per night for 5 locations in Sussex County. (Burbutis, Kelsey). KENTUCKY - Percent plants infested (fall survey) and number of borers per 100 plants, respectively, by county: Christian 26.4 and 4.4; Logan 67.2 and 126.4; Simpson 30.4 and 9.6; and Todd 20.6 and 2.4. (Barnett). SOUTHWESTERN CORN BORER (Diatraea grandiosella) - KENTUCKY - Averaged 21 per 100 stalks in 15-acre Caldwell County cornfield. Collected in Barren County, September 23 by D. Barnett. This is a new county record. (Barnett, Raney). WESTERN BEAN CUTWORM (Loxagrotis albicosta) - KANSAS - Full-grown larvae averaged 3 per 100 ears in one of 3 cornfields in Ellis County. Collected and determined by E. Martinez. This is a new county record. (Bell). SOUTHERN CORNSTALK BORER (Diatraea crambidoides) -— KANSAS - Larval infestation involving 25-50 percent of stalks seen in 2 adjacent cornfields in Pottawatomie County in late August. Determined by D.M. Weisman. Counts negative in other fields in Pottawatomie and adjoining counties to date. On September 20, larvae half to full grown; feeding in tunnels in lower third of plants. First confirmed report of infestation in State since 1920, when reported from Greenwood County. (Bell). - 677 - SORGHUM MIDGE (Contarinia sorghicola) - OKLAHOMA - Damage ranged 5-10 percent in late sorghum in several west-central counties. (Okla. Coop. Sur.). MISSISSIPPI - Adults averaged 10 per row foot in 100-acre grain sorghum field in Holmes County. (Robinson). BANKS GRASS MITE (Oligonychus pratensis) - TEXAS - Activity light to moderate in El Paso County grain sorghum; increased on srain sorghum in Pecos and Reeves Counties. (Neeb). SMALL GRAINS FALL ARMYWORM (Spodoptera frugiperda) - OKLAHOMA -— Heavy in wheat in many counties in northwest, north-central, northeast, west— central, central, southwest, and south-central areas. Many fields destroyed and will be replanted. Some S. ornithogalli (yellow- striped armyworm) and S. exigua (beet armyworm) found in fields in some areas. S. frugiperda heavy in barley in Payne County, heavy in rye in Kingfisher County, light in rye in Major County, and light in oats in Mayes County. Many fields treated in these areas. (Okla. Coop. Sur.). ARKANSAS - S. frugiperda economic in some small grain fields, mainly rye, in scattered areas of State. Controls applied. Acreage of small grains vulnerable to attack increased following additional seeding and good rains. (Boyer). MISSOURI - S. frugiperda heavy on small grains in southwest area; some newly seeded wheat fields completely stripped. (Munson). WHEAT STEM SAWFLY (Cephus cinctus) - NORTH DAKOTA - Survey of hard red spring wheat stubble fields for cutting by this pest showed increase in cutting. Cut stems ranged up to 27.5 (averaged 2) percent. This is 1.2 percent increase from 0.8 percent found in 1971. Cutting evident in 60 percent of fields in 1972 compared to 54 percent in 1971. Fortuna, sawfly resistant wheat variety, not widely grown in State in 1972. (Brandvik, Kaatz). TURF, PASTURES, RANGELAND FALL ARMYWORM (Spodoptera frugiperda) - MISSISSIPPI - Still present in various types of pastures and lawns in southern half of State. Range gradually extending north. (Robinson). ARKANSAS - Lighter than usual in pastures, but increased recently; controls applied in central, southwest, and northwest areas. (Boyer). OKLAHOMA - Ranged up to 20 per square foot in Bermuda grass lawn in Stillwater, Payne County. Heavy in Bermuda grass pastures in Stephens and Choctaw Counties, moderate in Atoka County. Heavy in ryegrass in Osage County and in lawns in Cleveland County. (Okla. Coop. Sur.). MISSOURI - Light to moderate in newly seeded grasses in southwest area. Controls applied. (Munson). GRANULATE CUTWORM (Feltia subterranea) - OKLAHOMA - Heavy in experimental bentgrass plot in Payne County. (Okla. Coop. Sur.). A MEALYBUG (Heterococcus tuttlei) - ARIZONA - Necessitated repeat treatments on commercial Bermuda grass seed fields at Yuma, Yuma County. (Ariz. Coop. Sur.). NORTHERN MASKED CHAFER (Cyclocephala borealis) - OHIO —- Larvae common in fairway turf of Wayne County golf course. (Miller). - 678 - | | FORAGE LEGUMES GREEN CLOVERWORM (Plathypena scabra) - OKLAHOMA - Ranged 28-33 per 10 sweeps in 2 alfalfa fields in Payne and Noble Counties. Heavy in Kingfisher County. (Okla. Coop. Sur.). PEA APHID (Acyrthosiphon pisum) -— CALIFORNIA - Unusually abundant on alfalfa plantings this season; still problem in San Joaquin Valley fields. (Cal. Coop. Rpt.). ALFALFA WEEVIL (Hypera postica) -— UTAH - Caused estimated loss of 4 million dollars to forage and seed alfalfa crops in State during 1972. This is above normal. (Roberts). A CECIDOMYIID MIDGE (Cecidomyia texana) - OKLAHOMA - Survey of experimental guar plantings showed light damage at Tipton, Tillman County; Mangum, Greer County; and Chickasha, Grady County. (Okla. Coop. Sur.). SOYBEANS BEAN LEAF BEETLE (Cerotoma trifurcata) - OKLAHOMA - Heavy in soybeans in Verdigris River bottom in northern Wagoner County. Light, 0-2 per row foot, in other areas of Wagoner and Muskogee Counties. (Okla. Coop. Sur.). ARKANSAS - Heavy on soybeans in Hope area of Hempstead County. (Boyer). MISSISSIPPI - Averaged 25+ per 25 sweeps in soybeans in Choctaw, Attala, Holmes, Carroll, and Montgomery Counties. (Robinson). MEXICAN BEAN BEETLE (Epilachna varivestis) - MARYLAND - Adults and larvae continued to cause moderate to heavy defoliation in several areas of Worcester, Somerset, and Wicomico Counties. Economic losses will be at minimum due to advanced maturity of soybeans. Overwintering populations should be moderate in Wicomico, Somerset, Worcester, and lower Dorchester Counties. (U. Md., Ent. Dept.). VIRGINIA - Buildup expected until cold weather. Soybean plants can withstand up to 35 percent defoliation after pod and seeds fully formed. (Allen). VELVETBEAN CATERPILLAR (Anticarsia gemmatalis) - ALABAMA - Exploding larval population defoliated 125-acre late soybean field at Gallion, Marengo County. Fed on pods of any size and age. In field at Dothan, Houston County, loss estimated at 50 percent of yield where 95 percent of all plants damaged by maturing larvae. (Roney). ARKANSAS - Common in soybeans in north- east, east-central, and in upper Arkansas River Valley areas. Most common larvae in Pope County. This species generally rare on soybeans in State. (Boyer). GREEN CLOVERWORM (Plathypena scabra) - OKLAHOMA - Heavy in soy- beans in Payne and Ottawa Counties. Light, up to one per row foot, in Wagoner, Muskogee, Rogers, and Mayes Counties. (Okla. Coop. Sar.) FALL ARMYWORM (Spodoptera frugiperda) - OKLAHOMA - Moderately damaged soybeans in Atoka County. (Okla. Coop. Sur.). GREEN STINK BUG (Acrosternum hilare) - MISSISSIPPI - Counts of 25 per 50 sweeps taken in 100 acres of soybeans in Holmes County. Also 5 per 25 sweeps taken in 25 acres of near mature soybeans in Choctaw County. (Robinson). - 679 - COTTON BOLLWORMS (Heliothis spp.) - ARKANSAS - Late cotton subject to bollworm damage. H. virescens problem in late cotton in southeast area. Comprises almost 100 percent of Heliothis population in cotton. (Boyer). OKLAHOMA - Percent H. zea boll damage by county: Wagoner and Muskogee 1-8; Bryan 2-30; and Washita and Caddo 7-20. Very light in southwest area except for heavy in Red River bottom in Cotton County. (Okla. Coop. Sur.). TEXAS - H. zea moderate to heavy in isolated areas in El Paso County. Eggs 40-60 per 100 plant terminals, larvae 5-12 per 100 plants, and 8-25 percent damage to squares and young bolls of top crop reported from Dell City area of Hudspeth County; also reported on mature bolls. Eggs 20-40 per 100 plant terminals, larvae 4-15 per 100 plants, and 5-25 percent crop damage reported from Pecos and Reeves Counties. Midland, Martin, Glasscock, and Reagan Counties reported 10-20 eggs per 100 plant terminals, 3-10 larvae per 100 plants, and 5-20 percent top crop damage. (Neeb). ARIZONA - Treatment for Heliothis spp. continued in Yuma area of Yuma County. Larvae in bolls 50 percent H. zea, 50 percent i. virescens. Damage appears heaviest in some treated fields at Safford, Graham County; timing of control applications suspected asSeparecvo problem. .(Ani2., Coop. sur.) - BOLL WEEVIL (Anthonomus grandis) - OKLAHOMA - Punctured squares averaged 40 percent in late cotton in Muskogee County. Light to moderate in Jackson, Greer, and Kiowa Counties; heavy in Red River bottom in Cotton County. (Okla. Coop. Sur.). SUGAR BEETS POTATO SCAB GNAT (Pnyxia scabiei) —- WASHINGTON - Caused commer-—- cially significant damage to sugar beets in at least one 120-acre area near Eureka, Walla Walla County. (Landis). POTATOES, TOMATOES, PEPPERS TOMATO RUSSET MITE (Aculops lycopersici) - CALIFORNIA - Many late tomato fields severely damaged. Where early treatment omitted, population heavy and lower parts of vines dry. One organic tomato patch of 2 acres complete loss as vines nearly bare and stems and fruit sunburned; mite count per leaf very heavy. (Cal. Coop. Rpt.). GREEN PEACH APHID (Myzus persicae) - DELAWARE - Averaged 700 per 100 leaves in peppers throughout Sussex County. (Burbutis, Kelsey). BEANS AND PEAS CABBAGE LOOPER (Trichoplusia ni) - TENNESSEE - Larvae ranged 5-15 per row foot in beans in small area of Cumberland County. Pseudoplusia includens (soybean looper) larvae averaged 2 per row foot in same field. Harvest abandoned. Many larvae parasitized by unspecified Diptera. (Heinrich). - 680 - COLE CROPS CABBAGE LOOPER (Trichoplusia ni) - NORTH CAROLINA - Ranged 2-3 per plant in cabbage fields of Pasquotank and Hyde Counties. Controls essential. (Sorensen). OKLAHOMA - Heavy on turnips in Pontotoe County. (Okla. Coop. Sur.). BEET ARMYWORM (Spodoptera exigua) - NORTH CAROLINA - Larval feeding caused Serious damage to occasional cabbage plants in Pasquotank County. Egg masses also seen in Several locations. (Sorensen). ARIZONA - Larvae of this pest and Trichoplusia ni (cabbage looper) heavy on lettuce and sugar beets at Yuma, Yuma County; controls applied. Controls applied on lettuce at Parker Valley. (Ariz. Coop. Sur.). GENERAL VEGETABLES SWEETPOTATO FLEA BEETLE (Chaetocnema confinis) - MARYLAND - Larval mining moderate in several fields of Sweetpotatoes near Salisbury, Wicomico County. (U. Md., Ent. Dept.). - 681 - DECIDUOUS FRUITS AND NUTS FALL WEBWORM (Hyphantria cunea) - TEXAS - Light to moderate in El Paso County. Heavy on pecan trees in Ward, Ector, and Crockett Counties. Still damaging pecans in Knox and Young Counties. Heavy on pecans in Brazos County. Some controls applied. (Neeb et al.). PECAN WEEVIL (Curculio caryae) - OKLAHOMA - Heavy on pecans in Comanche County, light to moderate in Cleveland County. (Okla. Coop. Sur.). BLACK PECAN APHID (Tinocallis caryaefoliae) - ALABAMA - This species and Monellia spp. (yellow aphids) increased on pecan trees in Elmore, Lee, Russell, Conecuh, Covington, and Barbour Counties. (Morris et al.). BLACKMARGINED APHID (Monellia costalis) - ARIZONA - Heavy on pecan foliage at Safford, Graham County. (Ariz. Coop. Sur.). ORNAMENTALS A LACE BUG (Stephanitis takeyai) - PENNSYLVANIA - Adults collected from 8 Pieris sp. September 6 by R.J. Weidner at small nursery in Berwick, Columbia County. Determined by E.E. Simons. This is a new county record. (Kim). FOREST AND SHADE TREES VARIABLE OAKLEAF CATERPILLAR (Heterocampa manteo) - ARKANSAS - Infestations reported on oaks in southwest area. Feeding expected to increase, larvae about half-grown. (Boyer). MISSOURI - Com- pletely defoliated 600-1,000 acres of forest trees in Iron and Reynolds Counties. (Kearby). ORANGESTRIPED OAKWORM (Anisota senatoria) - OHIO - Larvae fed on pin oak and other oaks throughout State. Inquiries and requests for information increased 4 to 5-fold over 1971. (Miller). A GRACILLARIID MOTH (Lithocolletis robinella) - PENNSYLVANIA - Larvae, pupae, and adults infested black locust along State Highway 756 near Johnstown, Cambria County. Heavily damaged all young trees in area; damage less severe on older trees. Determined by K. Valley. (Wolf). ELM LEAF BEETLE (Pyrrhalta luteola) - SOUTH DAKOTA - Taken from elm September 24, 1972, in White River, Mellette County. Collected by R. Trenary. Determined by E.U. Balsbaugh. This is a new county record. (Kantack). COLORADO - Heavy on elms in Akron area of Washington County and Yuma area of Yuma County. (Pilcher). SOUTHERN PINE BEETLE (Dendroctonus frontalis) - ALABAMA - Damag- ing population developed in stand of planted pines in ornamental nursery at Semmes, Mobile County. (Lockheart, Howell). BRONZE BIRCH BORER (Agrilus anxius) - IDAHO - Infested birch trees scattered throughout Orofino, Clearwater County. Collected Sep- tember 28. This is a new county record. (O'Keefe). - 682 - WALKINGSTICK (Diapheromera femorata) - ARKANSAS - Increased in upland areas of western part of State. (Boyer). MISSOURI - Defol- iated small forested area near Harrisburg, Boone County. (Kearby). MAN AND ANIMALS SCREWWORM (Cochliomyia hominivorax) - Total of 4,569 confirmed cases reported in continental U.S. during period September 17-23 as follows: Texas 4,062; New Mexico 155; Arizona 192; Oklahoma 157; Louisiana 1; Kansas 2. Single case reported from St. Martin Parish, Louisiana, was from horse recently shipped from Kerr County, Texas. First cases confirmed from Kansas were collected in Seward and Meade Counties. These counties are adjacent to Beaver and Texas Counties in Oklahoma Panhandle where screwworm occurred earlier in 1972. Total of 869 cases reported in Mexico. Number of sterile flies released in U.S. this period totaled 173,834,000 as follows: Texas 154,430,000; New Mexico 5,470,000; Arizona 13,028,000; California 650,000; Louisiana 250,000, Total of 26,780,000 sterile flies released in Mexico: (Anim. Health). HORN FLY (Haematobia irritans) - TEXAS - Heavy on cattle and sheep in most counties of Trans-Pecos area. (Neeb). OKLAHOMA - Ranged 700-1,000 per head on cattle in Major County, averaged 200 per head in Payne County. Heavy in Osage, Hughes, Comanche, Garvin, and Pontotoc Counties; moderate in Pawnee, Craig, Cleve- land, Cherokee, and Choctaw Counties; light in Kingfisher County. (Okla. Coop. Sur.). MISSISSIPPI - Averaged 100+ on 75 head of beef cattle in Attala County. (Robinson). STABLE FLY (Stomoxys calcitrans) - OKLAHOMA - Ranged 2-3 per head on cattle checked in Payne County. (Okla. Coop. Sur.). COMMON CATTLE GRUB (Hypoderma lineatum) - TEXAS - Heavy in backs of cattle in Brewster and Jeff Davis Counties, ranged 55-60 in some animals. (Neeb). MOSQUITOES - MAINE - Few Aedes spp. still present in some areas, but annoyance at low level. (Gall). RHODE ISLAND - Culex pipiens pipiens (northern house mosquito) females active and biting in Washington County. (Field). WISCONSIN - Mosquitoes decreased but still biting on warmer days and evenings. Reports from Richland and Walworth County indicate heavier than normal activity. (Wis. Ins. Sur.). MINNESOTA - Cool weather with frosts in some areas sharply reduced mosquito numbers and activity. Aedes vexans accounted for 80 percent of irap collections; dominant in most bite collections. (Minn. Pest Rpt.). OKLAHOMA - Culex spp. and Aedes spp. increased after recent rains in Payne County area. Larvae ranged up to 50 per dip. (Okla. Coop. Sur.). UTAH - Mos- quitoes, chiefly Aedes dorsalis, continued very numerous and troublesome in Curlew Valley of Box Elder County from Great Salt Lake north through Snowville. (Knowlton). BLACK FLIES (Simulium spp.) - MAINE - Much annoyance reported at Augusta, Orono, and several areas in northern Section. S. jenn- ingsi and S. venustum moderate at Orono. (Gall). A COMBFOOTED SPIDER (Latrodectus variolus) - MICHIGAN - Adult female taken September 22 under rock in wooded area at Bearinger - 683 - Township, Presque Isle County. Collected by M. Little. Determined by R.J. Sauer. This is a new county record. (Sauer). STORED PRODUCTS SAWTOOTHED GRAIN BEETLE (Oryzaephilus surinamensis) - OKLAHOMA - Damaged stored feed and grain in Harmon County; controls applied. (Okla. Coop. Sur.). RICE WEEVIL (Sitophilus oryzae) - KANSAS - Heavy in bin of wheat in elevator in Shawnee County. Tribolium castaneum (red flour beetle) and Cryptolestes sp. (a cucujid beetle) also present. (Bell). BENEFICIAL INSECTS CONVERGENT LADY BEETLE (Hippodamia convergens) - OKLAHOMA - Built up rapidly in wheat with light greenbug infestations in Custer and Beckham Counties. (Okla. Coop. Sur.). WEEVILS - IDAHO - Ceutorhynchus litura (100 specimens) released near Bellevue, Blaine County, August 9 for biological control of Canada thistle. Rhinocyllus conicus (750 specimens) released near Rigby, Jefferson County, August 10 for biological control of musk thistle. (Hawkes, Andres). A BIG-EYED BUG (Geocoris punctipes) - MISSISSIPPI - Taken from soybeans at rate of 15 nymphs and adults per 25 sweeps in Choctaw County. (Robinson). HONEY BEE (Apis mellifera) - OHIO - Recent heavy rainfall for several days over most of State restricted bee flights. Although blooms abundant, species not able to forage. Next few weeks will dictate fall nectar flow and colony strength going into winter. Beekeepers should check colonies for honey stores and provide supplemental feeding if needed. (Conner). FEDERAL AND STATE PLANT PROTECTION PROGRAMS COMSTOCK MEALYBUG (Pseudococcus comstocki) - CALIFORNIA - Chemi- cal treatment completed on 740 trees in infested area of Delano, Kern County; about 91 city blocks in this infestation. Major hosts include mulberry, silktree, tree-of-heaven, catalpa, and cotton—- wood. Treatment made on 6 city blocks in Earlimart, Tulare County; survey of adjacent areaS underway, negative to date. In Porter- ville area, 150,000 lacewing eggs and 175,000 Cryptolaemus sp. adults released; Cryptolaemus sp. dispersing. (Cal. Coop. Rpt.). GRASSHOPPERS - IOWA - Annual survey across 37 western counties indicates population down about 50 percent from 1971. No economic populations seen in 197 stops. Light infestations (3-7 per square yard in field or 11-20 per square yard in margins) seen only at 4 stops in Calhoun and Guthrie Counties. (Iowa Ins. Sur.). | NEBRASKA - Surveys show infestations heaviest (8+ per square yard) along North Platte River Valley from Hershey, Keith County, west to Oshkosh, Garden County, and in southern Dundy County. Major - 684 - cropland species included Melanoplus bivittatus, M. differentialis, and M, femurrubrum. Major rangeland species included Ageneotettix deorum, Aulocara elliotti, Phlibostroma quadrimaculatum, and Trachyrachys Kiowa. (Bell, Hohnholt). TEXAS - Bootettix argenta- tus moderate to heavy, ranged 5-15 per plant, defoliated creosote bushes on about 3,000 acres of rangeland in Hudspeth County and 2,000-3,000 acres of rangeland in Culberson County. (Neeb). NEVADA - Ageneotettix deorum taken at Lexington Creek, White Pine County, September 23, 1972. Melanoplus yarrowii taken at Pahrump, Nye County, September 15, 1972. Collected by G.M. Nishida. Deter- mined by R.C. Bechtel. These are new county records. (Bechtel). JAPANESE BEETLE (Popillia japonica) - MICHIGAN - Adults trapped in Bellvue Township, Eaton County, and in Fawn River Township, St. Joseph County, September 5 by D. Loree. Determined by R.D. Gordon. These are first times trapped in these counties. (Sauer). PINK BOLLWORM (Pectinophora gossypiella) - TEXAS - Boll infesta- tions ranging 5-60 percent Scattered over El Paso County. In Dell City area of Hudspeth County, less than 3 percent of bolls in- fested. In Pecos Valley area of Reeves and Pecos Counties, 5-80 percent of bolls infested. Wichita County field showed heavy in- festations; up to 6 larvae per boll found; primarily in small bolls. (Neeb, Boring). ARIZONA - Infestations in cotton general throughout Graham County. (Ariz. Coop. Sur.). WESTERN GRAPELEAF SKELETONIZER (Harrisina brillians) - CALIFORNIA - Treatment and survey completed in Siskiyou County; no new finds this season. Very limited core area infestation treated; no carryover anticipated in 1973. Treatment completed at Clovis, Fresno County; survey negative in quarantine zone. Local infesta- tion at Biola consists of 3 yard plants and 20 commercial acres of grapes; 2 treatments made since infestation detected late in season. In San Jose, Santa Clara County, infestation extensive in yard grapes; new infestations still present, but within delimited area of proposed quarantine. Surveys for this pest negative again this season in El Dorado, Sacramento, Yolo, Placer, and Solano Counties. (Cal. Coop. Rpt.). DETECTION New State Record - A STILT BUG (Berytinus minor) - PENNSYLVANIA - Adult collected from Sargents juniper in Harrisburg, Dauphin County, September 1 by T. Henry. Determined by A. Wheeler. (Kim). New County Records - BRONZE BIRCH BORER (Agrilus anxius) IDAHO - Clearwater (p. 682). A COMBFOOTED SPIDER (Latrodectus variolus) MICHIGAN - Presgue Isle (pp. 683-684). ELM LEAF BEETLE (Pyrrhalta luteola) SOUTH DAKOTA - Mellette (p. 682). GRASSHOPPERS — Ageneotettix deorum - NEVADA - White Pine, Melanoplus yarrowii - NEVADA - Nye (p. 685). A LACE BUG (Stephanitis takeyai) PENNSYLVANIA - Columbia (p. 682). SOUTHWESTERN CORN BORER (Diatraea grandiosella) KENTUCKY - Barren (p. 677). WESTERN BEAN CUTWORM (Loxagrotis albicosta) KANSAS - Ellis (p. 677). - 685 - HAWAII INSECT REPORT Corn - CORN EARWORM (Heliothis zea) heavy in silks and ear tips in 4 acres of sweet corn at Pupukea, Oahu; one or more early larvae in 80-90 percent of ears. (Kawamura). General Vegetables - TOBACCO FLEA BEETLE (Epitrix hirtipennis) Caused moderate damage to leaves in yard plantings of eggplant at Ewa, Oahu; beetles light, less than one per 10 leaves. On Oahu, LEAFMINER FLIES (Liriomyza spp.) and BEET ARMYWORM (Spodoptera exigua) caused heavy damage in 0.1 acre of green onions at Manoa; 60 percent of leaves affected. S. exigua egg clusters averaged 1.5 per plant. Larvae heavy in adjacent 2,000 square feet of lettuce; 20 percent of young heads with one or more larvae. At Pupukea, Liriomyza spp. larval mines heavy in 0.2 acre of cucumber; about 40-50 percent of leaf surface affected by mines. Also heavy in adjacent 0.25 acre of snap beans. Adults trace in both plantings. (Kawamura). Fruits and Nuts - REDBANDED THRIPS (Selenothrips rubrocinetus) and an ARMORED SCALE (Phenacaspis cockerelli) moderate on residential mango trees at Lahaina and Kahului, Maui. P. cockerelli heavy on same host at Lahaina. (Miyahira). TF Forest and Shade Trees - Population of a PSYLLID (Psylla uncatoides) about nil on 36 Acacia confusa trees at Punchbowl, Oahu; Iess than one psyllid per 5 sweeps. At Punchbowl, Oahu, all but two of 24 monkeypod trees affected by varying degrees of foliar damage caused by larvae of a NOCTUID MOTH (Melipotis indomita) in early spring recovered completely following repeated chemical applica- tions to canopy, trunk, and debris at bases of affected trees. (Larvae of M. indomita normally take refuge during daylight under loose, scaly bark and debris at base of trees.) At Hickam Air Force Base, larval activity nil under loose bark and debris at bases of S kiawe trees where large number of larvae detected in late June. (Kawamura) . Miscellaneous Pests - Single 3.5-inch. specimen of GIANT AFRICAN SNAIL (Achatina fulica) found in nursery at Maunalei Gulch Nursery, Lanai, during week of September 17. Subsequent survey of area revealed no evidence of snail activity and indications are that this specimen may have been hitchhiker on plant material introduced from an infested area. Followup surveys planned at this site during winter when conditions more favorable to snail activity. A. fulica presently established on every major island except Lanai. On Molokai, 2 adults taken at Maunaloa; first report of activity in this area in number of years. (Olson, Fujimoto). - 686 - TRAP COLLECTIONS LIGHT Bi too Te ite) ~~ N [o> fea) >) (o>) 0 0 4 om st Roe oN Y ei et ast ite) NAD © é a o i) eq Nw Oo >) o ci qo Coltse) ] (se) th Ande (sp) Nn al qo (Go) SUES © ei isp) © © i=l w ite} uw a N ite) bo x ie) N ei FLORIDA Gainesville 9/29 Garden City 9/18, 21 ise} N 1 N N S {o>) uo) 8 ~ Gy ) Ea io} © N S fo>) 3 ~» cs! a (3) cal = KANSAS Bowling Green 9/26 KENTUCKY MISSISSIPPI (County) Washington 9/22-28 Wooster 9/22-28 OHIO 687 PENNSYLVANIA (District) Central 9/13-29 Southeast 9/13-29 Southwest 9/13-29 TENNESSEE (County) Dyer 9/25-29 Hardeman 9/25-29 Lake 9/25-29 TEXAS Waco 9/22-28 ® Q 3 9° is] P WwW u NO 3 IN (oS ey O HO oOoXN ONO™ Pil fo) PHT aonae Hons ZHonn eso a Os Os eo HE Lael > Hartford 9/19-25 Lancaster 9/20-28 Mazomanie 9/20-29 WISCONSIN GYPSY MOTH (Porthetria dispar (L.)) Selected References 1970-1971 Copies of this bibliography are available from Pest Survey and Technical Support Staff. Beroza, M., Bierl, B. A., Knipling, E. F., and Tardif, J. G. R. 1971. The activity of the gypsy moth sex attractant dispar- lure vs. that of the live female moth. J. Econ. Ent. 64(6): 1527-1529. Beroza, M. and Coauthors. 1971. Activity and persistence of synthetic and natural sex attractants of the gypsy moth in laboratory and field trials. J. Econ. Ent. 64(6):1499-1508. Bierl, B. A., Beroza, M., and Collier, C. W. 1970. Potent sex attractant of the gypsy moth: its isolation, identification, and synthesis. Science 170(3953) :87-89. Bierl, B. A. and Coauthors. 1971. Enhancement of the activity of extracts containing the gypsy moth sex attractant. J. Econ. Ent. 64(1):297-300. Doane, C. C. 1970. Primary pathogens and their role in the development of an epizootic in the gypsy moth. J. Inverte- brate Pathol. 15(1):21-33. Doane, C. C. 1971. A high rate of parasitization by Brachymeria intermedia (Hymenoptera: Chalcididae) on the gypsy moth. Ent. soc. Amer. Ann. 64(3):753-754. Doane, ©. C. and Redys, J. J. 1970. Characteristics of motile strains of Streptococcus faecalis pathogenic to larvae of the gypsy moth. J. Invertebrate Pathol. 15(3):420-430. Gilpatrick, J. D. and Terrill, J. 1970. Control of the gypsy moth with trichlorfon applied ULV by aircraft in New York State in 1967. J. Econ. Ent. 63(1):15-18. Jacobson, M., Schwarz, M., and Waters, R. M. 1970. Gypsy moth sex attractants: a reinvestigation. J. Econ. Ent. 63(3):943-945. Jacobson, M., Sonnet, P. E., Adler, V. E., and Cook, D. 1970. Inactivity of a preparation reported to be highly active as a gypSy moth sex attractant. Ent. Soc. Amer. Ann. 63(2):614- Gikor Kolybin, V. A. and Zelinskaya, L. M. 1971. Ecologo-physiological peculiarities of Porthetria dispar L. population in the Lower Dnieper area. Communication II. Parasites and diseases. Vest. Zool. 5(1):26-31. In Rus., Engl. Sum. Kurian, P. and Sirsi, M. 1970. Serological studies in the genus Lymantria. I. Investigations on eggs of L. dispar (Linnaeus ) and L. obfuscata Walker. Commonwealth Inst. Biol. Cont. Tech. Bul. 13:95-104. - 688 - Lavenseau, M. L. 1970. Development and differentiation of wing rudiments in Lymantria dispar L. (Lepidoptera) after their transplantation on an individual of opposite Sex. Acad. Sci. Compt. Rend. Ser. D. 270(4):638-640. In Fr. Leonard, D. E. 1970. Effects of starvation on behaviour, number of larval instars, and developmental rate of Porthetria dispar. J. Insect Physiol. 16(1):25-31. Leonard, D. .E. 1970. Feeding rhythm in larvae of the gypsy moth. J. Econ. Ent. 63(5):1454-1457. Leonard, D. E. 1970. Intrinsic factors causing qualitative changes in populations of Porthetria dispar (Lepidoptera: Lymantri- tdae). Canad. Ent. Wl0O2(2)7239=249% Leonard, D. E. 1971. Air-borne dispersal of larvae of the gypsy moth and its influence on concepts of control. J. Econ. Ent. 64(3) :638-641. Leonard, D. E. 1971. Brachymeria intermedia (Hymenoptera: Chal- cididae) parasitizing gypsy moth in Maine. Canad. Ent. 103(5) :654-656. Maksimovic, M. 1970. Investigation of population dynamics of the gypsy moth by means of traps. Internatl. Atomic Energy Agency (Vienna) Panel Proc. 1968:9-19. Merriam, W. A., Tower, G. C., Paszek, E. C., and McDonough, J. L. 1970. Laboratory and field evaluation of insecticides against the gypsy moth. J. Econ. Ent. 63(1):155-159. Nichols, J. O. 1970. Pennsylvania--future battleground of the gypsy moth. Pennsylvania Forests 60(3, Issue 417):91-93. Reardon, R. C. 1970. A new species of Rogas parasitic on the gypsy moth, Porthetria dispar (Hymenoptera: Braconidae). Ent. Soc. Wash. Proc. 72(4):473-475. Statler, M. W. 1970. Effects of gamma radiation on the ability of the adult female gypsy moth to attract males. J. Econ. Ent. 63(1):163-164. Tardif, R. and Secrest, J. P. 1970. Devices for cleaning and counting eggs of the gypsy moth. J. Econ. Ent. 63(2):678-679. Weseloh, R. M. 1971. Behavioral responses of the gypsy moth egg parasitoid Ooencyrtus kuwanai to abiotic environmental factors. Ent. Soc. Amer. Ann. 64(5):1050-1057. Yadava, R. L. 1970. Influence of temperature and humidity on the development of nuclear-polyhedrosis of Lymantria monacha L. and L. dispar L. Z. Angew. Ent. 65(2):167-174. In Ger., Engl. Sum. Prepared by Pest Survey and U.S. Dept. Agr. Technical Support Sturt Coop. Econ. Ins. Rpt. 22 (40) :688-689, 1972 - 689 - © | Weather of the week continued from page 676. Some drifting occurred, icy mixtures slicked roads and highways making traveling difficult and hazardous. By midweek, the eastern portion of the front stretched from the southern Great Plains to | New England. Showers and thunderstorms occurred along the front and in the warm humid air that lay over the Deep South. Port Arthur, Texas, received 3.04 inches of rain in 2 hours early Wednesday evening. Showers also dotted northern California. The weekend brought widespread rains over the eastern half of the Nation, mostly in connection with a cold front moving over the area and in the warm, humid air that lay south and east of the front. No rain fell from southern California and extreme southern Nevada to the western edge of the southern Great Plains. Totals were generally less than 1 inch north of this dry area. Over the eastern half of the country, totals ranged mostly from about 0.5 inch to 2 inches. Tennessee, North Carolina, and portions of neighboring States received from 2 to 5 inches of rain last week. TEMPERATURE: Early in the week a Low was centered over the Texas Panhandle. The front extended northeastward to the Great Lakes, another front extended westward to Utah. The western portion of the front separated cold, dry air north of the front from mild, dry air south of the front. Cold, damp air lay north of the eastern portion of the front and warm, humid air covered the south. A large High was centered off the Virginia coast. A small High was centered over southern Saskatchewan. An eastern High pumped warm summer weather far northward along the Atlantic coast. Martinsburg, West Virginia,registered 91 degrees Tuesday afternoon and maximums in the 80'S were common as far north as southern New England. In contrast, Canadian air was responsible for autumn weather over the intermountain region, northern Rocky Mountains, and the northern Great Plains. Big Piney, Wyoming registered 10 degrees Monday morning, September 25. On Tuesday morning, temperatures in the 20's were common over Montana, Wyoming, and nearby portions of the neighboring States. Clear skies at some places were ideal for rapid nighttime radiation of heat. Some sharp temperature contrasts existed along a front that stretched across the Great Plains. At noon Monday, temperatures at Norfolk and Omaha, both in Nebraska, were 49 and 82 degrees, respectively. By Tuesday morning the mercury at Omaha had plunged to 44 degrees. A quick warmup occurred over the central Rocky Mountains and the central Great Plains at midweek. The mercury at Denver, Colorado climbed from 38 degrees Wednesday morning to 86 degrees in the afternoon. Corresponding temperatures at Hill City, Kansas, were 47 and 87 degrees, respectively. Summer heat continued over the Deep South reaching 90 degrees or higher each afternoon at spots in Georgia and Florida. Mild temperatures continued over the Great Plains over the weekend. Pierre and Huron, South Dakota, registered 82 degrees Sunday afternoon. In the East a cold front continued its advance southward. Minimums dropped to the 40's and 50's over the Carolinas Sunday morning. Most of the Nation averaged cooler than normal. The main exception was the eastern seaboard which ranged from 1 to 4 degrees above normal. Temperatures from Washington and Oregon to the Great Lakes averaged from 6 to 10 degrees cooler than normal for late in September. - 690 - Bsr oo ee = U.S. DEPARTMENT OF AGRICULTURE HYATTSVILLE, MARYLAND 20782 POSTAGE AND FEES PAID U.S. DEPARTMENT OF AGRICULTURE AGR 101 OFFICIAL BUSINESS PENALTY FOR PRIVATE USE, $300 0004 SMINLISMIA122 3 | 4037 00: SMITHSONIAN INSTITUTION oe ARTES SMITHSGNIAN INST WASHINGTON DC 20560 Jol. 22 No. 41 October 13, 1972 523 E77 ‘Cooperative Economic Insect Report Issued by PLANT PROTECTION AND QUARANTINE PROGRAMS ANIMAL AND PLANT HEALTH INSPECTION SERVICE VES DEPARTMENT OF AGRICULTURE ANIMAL AND PLANT HEALTH INSPECTION SERVICE PLANT PROTECTION AND QUARANTINE PROGRAMS PEST SURVEY AND TECHNICAL SUPPORT STAFF The Cooperative Economic Insect Report is issued weekly as a Service to American Agriculture. Its contents are compiled from information supplied by cooperating State, Federal, and industrial entomologists and other agricultural workers. In releasing this material the Service serves as a Clearing house and does not assume responsibility for ac- curacy of the mateiial. All reports and inquiries pertaining to this release, including the mailing list, should be sent to: CEIR Pest Survey and Technical Support Staff Plant Protection and Quarantine Programs Animal and Plant Health Inspection Service United States Department of Agriculture Federal Center Building Hyattsville, Maryland 20782 Volume 22 October 13, 1972 Number 41 COOPERATIVE ECONOMIC INSECT REPORT HIGHLIGHTS Current Conditions FALL ARMYWORM damaged early planted small grains in most areas of Oklahoma, and lawns and pastures in several areas of State. Also heavy on coastal and native grasses in south-central and Coastal Bend areas of Texas. (p. 694). MEADOW SPITTLEBUG survey in Illinois showed populations to be noneconomic again in 1972 as for past several years. (p. 694). Fall survey for EUROPEAN PINE SHOOT MOTH in eastern Multnomah County, Oregon, where this pest found in spring of 1972, revealed no larvae or suspect damage. (p. 696). Infestation of a TORTRICID MOTH on over 150,000 acres of mixed oak in Sproul State Forest in Pennsylvania collapsed but left many dead or dying trees. (p. 697). Prediction GRASSHOPPERS not expected to be problem on legumes in Illinois in 1973. (p. 694). Detection For new county and island records see page 701. Special Reports Mediterranean Fruit Fly. Selected References 1967-1969. (pp. 702- 706). Whitefringed Beetle Quarantines. Map. (Centerfold). Reports in this issue are for week ending October 6 unless other- wise indicated. - 691 - CONTENTS Special Insects of Regional Significance...........-.s-+s+-eeeee 693 Insects Affecting Corn, Sorghum, Sugarcane...693 Miscellaneous Field Crops....695 Smaduh Gratin eeapeneieccwore cerekoneitsy © 694 Potatoes, Tomatoes, Peppers..695 Turf, Pastures, Rangeland..694 Deciduous Fruits and Nuts....695 Forage Legumes........... 17 694-Ornamenita lS 27.).537-)e0-cts cio ene one 696 SON/OSEWNS 4 6S500oc0n00b000000 695 Forest and Shade Trees....... 696 MOMWEBVCCOsscoooovc000ac a ovScenralens 695 Man’ and Anima Uses a aeieieneenenene 697 BSS nGie Il IMSOCUS > cogs 6 ood aceon DoAKdD AOD OmOOOD OOOO dees - 698 Federal and ‘Sitate’ Plant Protection Programs. ooo e see 698 Hawaii Insect *Repor ts ovis. 5 rnescten sete = tolls alot alc’ onaita: cits nettos Molle aa eae menS .. .699 iMmalferlonig sAlserevoy (Coll ikere walls, spo goanogooo oun OouODAosGOb OOo OOOK ODDO OGCS .-/00 | DYSwo(e( en Ballo) 0 Wea cer ee nnn nC enn a ean ar el eee EnE ECE EAA hIGeNY AG S'G.0.50000900 701 Mediterranean Fruit Fly. Selected References 1967-1969......... 702 Whitefringed Beetle Quarantines. Map. Centerfold. WEATHER OF THE WEEK ENDING OCTOBER 9 Reprinted from Weekly Weather and Crop Bulletin supplied by Environmental Data Service, NOAA. PRECIPITATION: A High over the Pacific Northwest and another High over the East early in the week brought widespread typical fine weather to most of the Nation. A weak Low over the upper Mississippi River Valley produced scattered showers from the Great Lakes to Tennessee and the quasi-stationary front across the Florida Peninsula set off moderate to heavy local showers. After midweek, Hurricane Joanne, about 500 miles south of San Diego, California, became tropical storm Joanne and moved across northern Mexico. It became an extra tropical Low and produced heavy rains over portions of the Desert Southwest. About 3 inches of rain fell in the Prescott and Flagstaff, Arizona, area in 24 hours. A 4-day total for Phoenix was 1.93 inches which is more than 4 times the normal rainfall for Phoenix for the entire month of October. Sunflower, Arizona, about 50 miles northeast of Phoenix, received 5.38 inches in 4 days. Heavy rains damaged cotton but filled reservoirs. Upslope winds caused mixtures of rain, sleet, and snow on the eastern Slopes of the northern Rocky Mountains. Meanwhile, the storm intensified off the coast of North Carolina. Onshore winds brought moisture to the hill country along the Middle Atlantic States. Almost 11 inches fell at Amelia, Virginia, about 45 miles southwest of Richmond. Three-day totals over interior Virginia ranged from 6 to 12 inches with slightly lesser amounts from western Maryland to North Carolina. The 3-day intense rains caused serious flooding at Richmond, Virginia, on the Hames River and the worst flooding in the 20th century at Petersburg on the Appomattox River. Light to moderate showers also fell over Nevada, Utah, and the northern and central Great Plains. No important rain fell in Washington, Oregon, or Idaho. The large area from western Kansas to the Rio Grande and eastward to southern Georgia received no rains or only widely scattered light sprinkles. Weather of the week continued on page 701. = G92 = SPECIAL INSECTS OF REGIONAL SIGNIFICANCE CORN EARWORM (Heliothis zea) - OREGON - Infested late-planted corn at Willamette Valley. Damage appears spotty, some infesta- tions up to 80 percent. (Penrose). MISSOURI - Light, 1 per 10 row feet, in very late-planted soybeans in southwest area. Most larvae full grown. (Munson). OKLAHOMA - Averaged 1 per head in some fields of late grain sorghum in Payne County. Some fields treated. Ranged 1-5 per 10 sweeps in alfalfa in Grady and Canadian Counties. (Okla. Coop. Sur.). MISSISSIPPI - Averaged 0.2 per head in grain sorghum in Washington County. (Robinson). DELAWARE - Adults ranged 2-3 per night in blacklight trap collections in Sussex County. (Burbutis, Kelsey). CORN LEAF APHID (Rhopalosiphum maidis) - MICHIGAN - Noted in late- planted wheat seedlings. Alates ranged 1-2 per seedling in Genesee County field. Although no threat present, number unusually heavy for time of year. (Johnson, Ruppel). NEW MEXICO - Light on barley at Roswell, Chaves County. (N.M. Coop. Rpt.). GREENBUG (Schizaphis graminum) - SOUTH DAKOTA - Increased in winter wheat in central and western areas. Infestations less than 10 per linear row foot in some winter wheat fields north and west of Wall, Pennington County. Ranged up to 200 per linear row foot in other fields. Colonies fed on leaf surfaces and at ground level. Infestations light, 10 or less per linear row foot, in fields north of Wasta, Pennington County. S. graminum in untreated winter wheat near Kennebec, Lyman County, averaged 995 per 3 linear row feet. Damage in untreated winter wheat expected to continue. (Jones). OKLAHOMA - Very light in few wheat fields in Kingfisher, Grady, and Blaine Counties. (Okla. Coop. Sur.). NEW MEXICO - Ranged 2-7 per linear foot in Curry and Roosevelt County wheat fields. (N.M. Coop. Rpt.). SPOTTED ALFALFA APHID (Therioaphis maculata) - ARIZONA - Average counts per 10 sweeps of alfalfa in Yuma County: Dome Valley 140, Yuma Mesa 140, Gila Valley 240. (Ariz. Coop. Sur.). OKLAHOMA - Light, up to 30 per 10 sweeps, in alfalfa in Canadian, Grady, and Caddo Counties. (Okla. Coop. Sur.). CORN, SORGHUM, SUGARCANE EUROPEAN CORN BORER (Ostrinia nubilalis) - DELAWARE —- Adults averaged less than 1 per night in blacklight traps at 5 locations in Sussex County. (Burbutis, Kelsey). KENTUCKY - Percent plants infested (fall survey) and number of borers per 100 plants, respectively, by county: Webster 9.6 and 0.8; Union 53.6 and 19.6; Graves 24.8 and 4.8; Henderson 17.7 and 14.6. (Barnett). NEBRASKA —- In all districts surveyed, populations lighter than in 1971; stalk damage and ear drop light. (Peters et al.). MINNESOTA - Fall survey underway. Populations in south-central district decreased, averaged 18.7 per 100 plants. Populations expected to be light in all other survey districts in State. Second generation about as light and unsuccessful as first genera- tion. (Minn. Pest Rpt.). SOUTHWESTERN CORN BORER (Diatraea grandiosella) - OKLAHOMA - Infested 10-40 percent of cornstalks in Texas County. (Okla. Coop. Sur.). ARIZONA - Heavy in sorghum stalks northwest of Phoenix, Maricopa County. (Ariz. Coop. Sur.). - 693 - SORGHUM WEBWORM (Celama sorghiella) - MISSISSIPPI - Larvae ranged | 4-8 per head in grain sorghum in Washington County. (Robinson). SMALL GRAINS FALL ARMYWORM (Spodoptera frugiperda) - OKLAHOMA - Damage moderate to heavy in early planted small grains in most areas of State. Later planted fields generally show little damage. (Okla. Coop. Sur.). MISSISSIPPI - Averaged 3 per square foot in 60 acres of wheat and ryegrass in Pontotoc County. (Robinson). TURF, PASTURES, RANGELAND FALL ARMYWORM (Spodoptera frugiperda) - TEXAS - Heavy on coastal and native grasses throughout south-central and Coastal Bend areas. Medium to heavy infestations noted in Burleson County. Controls needed. (Cole, Green). OKLAHOMA - Heavy, damaged lawns and pastures in some areas of Latimer, Marshall, Bryan, Garvin, and Kingfisher Counties. (Okla. Coop. Sur.). A NOCTUID MOTH (Heliothis paradoxa) - ARIZONA - Larvae moderate in many Bermuda grass seed fields at Yuma, Yuma County. (Ariz. Coope, sure»). % A WHITEFLY (Aleurocybotus occiduus) - ARIZONA - Expected to be problem when Bermuda grass seed cleaned as honeydew heavy in many fields in Yuma County. (Ariz. Coop. Sur.). RHODESGRASS SCALE (Antonina graminis) - ARIZONA - Heavy in some Bermuda grass lawns in Salt River Valley, Maricopa County. (Ariz. Coop Sue. FORAGE LEGUMES ALFALFA CATERPILLAR (Colias eurytheme) - OKLAHOMA - Ranged 2-25 per 10 sweeps in alfalfa in Grady and Canadian Counties. (Okla. Coop. Sur.). TEXAS - Larvae heavy in some alfalfa in Wilbarger County. Much foliage destroyed and controls applied in some cases. Adults heavy in alfalfa in Wilbarger County past 14 days. (Boring). NEW MEXICO - Very light on alfalfa at Roswell, Chaves County. (N.M. Coop. -Rpt.). ALFALFA LOOPER (Autographa californica) -— OREGON - Adult activity increased in Keizer and St. Paul areas of Marion County. Black- light trap counts at Keizer increased from 4 during period ending September 26 to 16 for period ending October 4. At St. Paul, counts increased from 2 to 10 for same periods. (Penrose). ALFALFA WEEVIL (Hypera postica) - MISSOURI - Adults ranged 2-11 per sweep of alfalfa in southwest and west-central areas. Fresh egg punctures seen in all fields checked. (Munson). MEADOW SPITTLEBUG (Philaenus spumarius) - ILLINOIS - Populations in alfalfa and clover light again in 1972. Averaged less than one adult per sweep. Heaviest in northeast district; averaged 0.7 per Sweep. Populations considered noneconomic. (I11l. Ins. Rpt.). GRASSHOPPERS - ILLINOIS - Ranged 2.2-3.6 per square yard in alfalfa and clover in northernmost 5 districts surveyed. Averaged 2.7 per square yard statewide. Not expected to be problem in 1973. Cle inns Rpt) is - 694 - | SOYBEANS | | } BEET ARMYWORM (Spodoptera exigua) -— TEXAS - Infestations of this species, Trichoplusia ni (cabbage looper), and Acrosternum hilare (green stink bug) heavily damaged soybeans in Matagorda County past 7 days. (Cole). | ‘SOYBEAN LOOPER (Pseudoplusia includens) - ALABAMA - Young larvae of this species and Trichoplusia ni (cabbage looper) ranged 100- 200 per 1-2 row feet of soybeans in plot in Prattville field, Autauga County, September 29. Controls planned. (Henderson at alee ‘BEAN LEAF BEETLE (Cerotoma trifurcata) - MISSISSIPPI - Averaged 1.4 per row foot in soybeans in Washington County. (Robinson). ALABAMA - Light populations fed on leaves during August and ‘September in most all soybean fields in west area; infestations much lighter than past 2 years. (Lashley et al.). GREEN STINK BUG (Acrosternum hilare) - OKLAHOMA - Adults and nymphs ranged 10-15 per soybean plant in some areas of Garvin and Payne Counties. (Okla. Coop. Sur.). TOBACCO TOBACCO BUDWORM (Heliothis virescens) - NORTH CAROLINA - Larvae heavy on regrowth tobacco in Coastal Plain, especially on sucker growth of cut stalks not plowed out. Spot checks revealed 1 larva per bud (often 5+ per cut stalk) in fields from Wilson County southward. Parasitism low. (Ganyard). MISCELLANEOUS FIELD CROPS PYRALID MOTHS (Pyrausta spp.) - OREGON - P. ochosalis and P. fumalis are new pests of peppermint in State. Larvae feed within underground stems (rhyzomes) causing infested plants to wilt. Death of plant may follow, resulting in stand reduction. Present distribution data fragmentary. One or both species found in Umatilla, Benton, Linn, and Polk Counties. Known infestations involve about 500 acres in eastern part of State and 200-500 acres in Willamette Valley. (Berry, Sept. 29). CORN ROOTWORMS (Diabrotica spp.) - COLORADO —- Adults of D. undec- impunctata howardi (southern corn rootworm) and D. virgifera (western corn rootworm) heavy in pumpkin field in Fort Collins area, Larimer County. (Colo. Ins. Sur.). POTATOES, TOMATOES, PEPPERS BANDEDWING WHITEFLY (Trialeurodes abutilonea) - TENNESSEE - Adults, immatures, and eggs heavy on tomatoes in Davidson County. (Stamey, Greene). DECIDUOUS FRUITS AND NUTS LESSER APPLEWORM (Grapholitha prunivora) - IDAHO - Heavy in some orchards and backyard trees in Canyon County where last cover sprays omitted or short residual sprays used. (Homan). FALL WEBWORM (Hyphantria cunea) - TEXAS - Decreased on pecans throughout south-central area past 7 days. Some damage reported on pecans and persimmons in counties adjoining Guadalupe County. (Cole). - 695 - ORNAMENTALS AZALEA LACE BUG (Stephanitis pyrioides) - FLORIDA - Adults very heavy on 90 percent of 300 azalea plants at Winter Garden, Orange Counitye Chia Coops sul). BANDEDWING WHITEFLY (Trialeurodes abutilonea) - TENNESSEE - Adults, immatures, and eggs heavy on shrubbery in Davidson County. (Greene, Stamey). TEA SCALE (Fiorinia theae) - ALABAMA - Infested 90+ percent of all Camellia japonica shrubs throughout State. Most important scale on camellia and Burford holly in State. (McQueen). AN ARMORED SCALE (Pseudaonidia clavigera) - FLORIDA - Adults light on 5 camellia plants at nursery at Sarasota, Sarasota County. This is a new county record. (Ela. (Coops Sux A SOFT SCALE (Pulvinaria mesembryanthemi) - CALIFORNIA - Infested ~ ice plant at Vallejo, Napa County. Previously reported in same area in 1971. Second infestation in same yard after 25-year absence from State. Immediate treatment planned. (Cal. Coop. Rpt.).. FOREST AND SHADE TREES EUROPEAN PINE SHOOT MOTH (Rhyacionia buoliana) - OREGON - Larvae found infesting 9 Pinus contorta (lodgepole pine) April 19 at large field nursery in eastern Multnomah County. Infested trees found at several locations within nursery destroyed; all others treated. Total of 1,862,420 pines checked on 101 properties by April 28, mostly in eastern Multnomah County. Specimens determined by R.L. Westcott. Confirmed by D.R. Davis. (Westcott et al.). Fall survey of several large nurseries in eastern Multnomah County within one mile of nursery where this pest occurred in spring of 1972 completed. No larvae or suspect damage found in these nurseries. (Larson et al.). ZIMMERMAN PINE MOTH (Dioryctria zimmermani) - OREGON - Damage | widespread in residential area of southwest Portland, Multnomah County; few larvae found, indicating high mortality. (Larson). SOUTHERN PINE BEETLE (Dendroctonus frontalis) - MARYLAND - Adults killed 70 large Virginia pine trees in large planting near Chestertown, Kent County. (U. Md., Ent. Dept.). VARIABLE OAKLEAF CATERPILLAR (Heterocampa manteo) -—- OKLAHOMA - Infestations moderate and scattered on oaks in Stillwater area, Payne County. (Okla. Coop. Sur.). WEST VIRGINIA - Larvae caused light to moderate damage to oaks in following locations: Tucker County, collected by J.E. Salmon; Upshur County, collected by J. Mitchell; Doddridge County, collected by J. Mills; Greenbrier County, collected by G. Harmon. All determined by J.D. Hacker. These are new county records. (Hacker). ORANGESTRIPED OAKWORM (Anisota senatoria) - WEST VIRGINIA - Larvae © caused 80 percent defoliation of chestnut and oak trees in Cabell and Mason Counties. Also taken on chestnut in Braxton County by R.D. Whipkey September 22. Determined by J.D. Hacker. This is a new county record. (Hacker). “696. A TORTRICID MOTH (Archips semiferanus) - PENNSYLVANIA - Infesta- tion in Sproul State Forest in Clinton and Centre Counties heavy on 94,640 acres, moderate on 40,460 and light on 24,480 acres. This infestation began in 1970, collasped in 1972, but left many trees in this mixed-oak forest dead or dying. (Keeran, Sept. 22). FALL WEBWORM (Hyphantria cunea) - TENNESSEE - Caused heavy defoliation of hardwood trees in Davidson and surrounding counties. (Stamey, Greene). NEW MEXICO - Heavily damaged many shade trees in Dona Ana County. Larvae moved into houses and became nuisance. (N.M. Coop. Rpt.). TWIG GIRDLER (Oncideres cingulata) - OREGON - Appears much heavier in northwest area than in past years. (Boyer). ASIATIC OAK WEEVIL (Cyrtepistomus castaneus) - PENNSYLVANIA - About 4,000 adults taken in light trap operated 3 nights near Darlington, Beaver County. (Carter, Sept. 27). MAN AND ANIMALS SCREWWORM (Cochliomyia hominivorax) - Total of 4,018 confirmed cases reported in continental U.S. during period September 24-30 as follows: Texas 3,652; New Mexico 111; Arizona 141; California 2; Oklahoma 109; Florida 1; Alabama 1; Georgia 1 (field diagnosis). Case at Demopolis, Alabama, traced directly to animals shipped from Snyder, Texas. Case near Sebring, Florida, found in native cow not known to be associated with any animal movements. Case in Georgia also in local animal; larvae removed from eye wound. These are first cases reported from the Southeastern States. Total of 2,550 cases reported from Mexico. Number of sterile flies released in U.S. this period totaled 159,300,000 as follows: Texas 137,360,000; New Mexico 5,790,000; Arizona 12,250,000; California 900,000; Louisiana 1,400,000; Florida 1,600,000. Total of 30,660,000 sterile flies released in Mexico. (Anim. Health). FACE FLY (Musca autumnalis) - MONTANA - Occasionally seen on livestock during warm periods. Adults nuisance by entering buildings. (Pratt, Sept. 29). KENTUCKY - Adults averaged 17.6 per animal in Simpson County and 8 per animal in Monroe County. (Barnett). MISSISSIPPI - Adults ranged 2-3 per face, up to 10 per face, on mixed breeds of cattle in Monroe County. (Robinson). HORN FLY (Haematobia irritans) - OKLAHOMA - Heavy on cattle in Craig, Garvin, and Comanche Counties; moderate in Pawnee, Garfield, and Cleveland Counties. (Okla. Coop. Sur.). MARYLAND - This species, Musca autumnalis (face fly), and Stomoxys calcitrans (stable fly) declined rapidly. Counts throughout State less than 2 per head on beef and dairy cattle. (U. Md:, Ent. Dept.). MOSQUITOES - WISCONSIN - Numerous and biting in southern counties. Most noticeable in Racine, Kenosha, Walworth, Dane, and Lafayette Counties. Aedes trivittatus most troublesome in south- western area cornfields. (Wis. Ins. Sur.). HOG LOUSE (Haematopinus suis) - OKLAHOMA - Heavy on hogs in Comanche County. (Okla. Coop. Sur.). - 697 - BENEFICIAL INSECTS A CHALCID WASP (Brachymeria intermedia) - SOUTH CAROLINA —- This pupal parasite of Porthetria dispar (gypsy moth) released at 3 sites (250 per location) in Horry County where male P. dispar moths previously trapped. (McKee). AN ENCYRTID WASP (Ooencyrtus kuwanai) - WEST VIRGINIA - Total of 42,000 specimens of this egg parasite of Porthetria dispar (gypsy moth) released at 4 sites in Berkeley County; 68,000 released at 4 sites in Jefferson County; 12,000 released at one site each in Hampshire, Hardy, and Pendleton Counties. Releases made September 28 by State Department of Agriculture. (Hacker). A SCOLIID WASP (Scolia dubia) - WEST VIRGINIA - Adult flight heavy over lawn of Ohio Valley Experiment Farm at Point Pleasant, Mason County. Collected and determined by J.D. Hacker. This is a new county record. (Hacker). FEDERAL AND STATE PLANT PROTECTION PROGRAMS EUROPEAN CRANE FLY (Tipula paludosa) - WASHINGTON - Pasture grass core samplings at one location near Custer, Whatcom County, indicated population of 1,000+ per square foot, mostly first instar. (Campbell, Davison). GRASSHOPPERS - UTAH - Adults infested 16,572 rangeland acres in Box Elder, Iron, Juab, Millard, Rich, Sanpete, Tooele, Uintah, and Utah Counties. Light populations moved into fall emerging wheat in Blue Creek area of Box Elder County. (Watson, Knowlton). KANSAS - Fall survey showed economic infestation (8+ per square yard) primarily limited to areas in southern Meade County and along Cimarron River in Seward County; involves estimated 200,000 acres of rangeland and 100,000 acres of cropland. Melanoplus differentialis, M. bivittatus, and M. sanguinipes major species. Localized economic infestations on estimated 150,000 rangeland acres and 50,000 cropland acres found in Comanche, Barber, Kiowa, and Edwards Counties. Major species include Ageneotettix deorum, Phlibostroma quadrimaculatum, Drepanopterna femoratum, M. differentialis, M. femurrubrum, and M. bivittatus. Substantial but noneconomic infestations (3-7 per square yard) common in parts of several counties in south-central, southwest, and west-central districts. Major species in all areas of State M. differentialis, M. bivittatus, and M. femurrubrum. (Bell). OKLAHOMA - Damage, mostly by M. differentialis, usually confined to first 10-15 rows of scattered wheat fields in few central and west-central counties. (Okla. Coop. Sur.). GYPSY MOTH (Porthetria dispar) - See "A CHALCID WASP" and "AN ENCYRTID WASP" under BENEFICIAL INSECTS, page 698. PINK BOLLWORM (Pectinophora gossypiella) - NEW MEXICO - Spotty medium to heavy infestations in Mesilla Valley cotton fields. Few fields in Dona Ana County hatch area show late buildup of young larvae. Infestation more extensive than previously believed. WAM Cooper pit: WEST INDIAN SUGARCANE ROOT BORER (Diaprepes abbreviatus) - FLORIDA - Taken on sumac (Rhus sp.), hickory (Carya sp.), wax myrtle (Myrica cerifera), blackberry (Rubus betulifolius), and live oak (Quercus virginiana) at Apopka, Orange County, for new host plants Crla.mCoopmmour.)- - 698 - iy COUNTIES ENTIRELY COLORED ARE COM], bes COUNTIES WITH COLORED DOT ARE PARTH« le 2: 4 b y &, Rasy’ u 2 @ * ¢ Ser ID > RE %, TATE SSS. if, ie ¥ ee AU IE, GENERALLY INFESTED AREA--STATE AND F (ERADICATION TREATMENTS NOT IN PROG sy SUPPRESSIVE AREA--STATE AND FEDERA Se (ERADICATION TREATMENTS APPLIED OR FA (ES STATE REGULATIONS ONLY. (ERADICATION TREATMENTS APPLIED OR ERADICATED--REGULATIONS REMOVED. DEGd LLL RESTRICTIONS ARE IMPOSED ON THE MO ARTICLES FROM A REGULATED AREA AS RED INTO OR THROUGH GREEN, BL GREEN INTO OR THROUGH BLUE OR GREEN INTO GREEN. GREEN WITHIN GREEN®. wo cs we N ~ BLUE INTO ANY OTHER AREA®. @ ° WHEN IT IS DETERMINED BY THE IN?” OF SPREAD EXISTS. NEW JERSEY °°ONLY WHEN REQUIRED BY STATE OR BY AN AUTHORIZED INSPECTOR. REQUIREMENTS FOR MOVING REGULAT Revised July 10, 1972 WHITE FRINGED BEETLE QUARANTINES EEE ES UNITED STATES DEPARTMENT OF AGRICULTURE ANIMAL AND PLANT HEALTH INSPECTION SERVICE PLANT PROTECTION AND QUARANTINE PROGRAMS COOPERATING WITH AFFECTED STATES COUNTIES ENTIRELY COLORED ARE COMPLETELY REGULATED; INTIES WITH COLORED DOT ARE PARTIALLY REGULATED. cou! GENERALLY INFESTED AREA--STATE AND FEDERAL REGULATIONS. gs | (ERADICATION TREATMENTS NOT IN PROGRESS OR PLANNED.) SUPPRESSIVE AREA--STATE AND FEDERAL REGULATIONS. ga (ERADICATION TREATMENTS APPLIED OR IN PROGRESS.) STATE REGULATIONS ONLY. = (ERADICATION TREATMENTS APPLIED OR IN PROGRESS.) ERADICATED--REGULATIONS REMOVED. RESTRICTIONS ARE IMPOSED ON THE MOVEMENT OF REGULATED ARTICLES FROM A REGULATED AREA AS FOLLOWS: 1, RED INTO OR THROUGH GREEN, BLUE, OR WHITE. 2, GREEN INTO OR THROUGH BLUE OR WHITE. 3, GREEN INTO GREEN. 4, GREEN WITHIN GREEN®. 5, BLUE INTO ANY OTHER AREA°°?. © WHEN IT IS DETERMINED BY THE INSPECTOR THAT A HAZARD eee OF SPREAD EXISTS. wt NEW JERSEY C°ONLY WHEN REQUIRED BY STATE QUARANTINE REGULATIONS ae OR BY AN AUTHORIZED INSPECTOR. erin nth = ma A s Nan RY rT. cs 1. tite X Sols, 5 fam Jar | OS CONSULT YOUR STATE OR FEDERAL PLANT PROTECTION esr oe = INSPECTOR OR YOUR COUNTY AGENT FOR ASSISTANCE See REGARDING EXACT AREAS UNDER REGULATION AND WV ea |e REQUIREMENTS FOR MOVING REGULATED ARTICLES. ; = Silic ¢ ‘ SEE REVERSE SIDE FOR LIST OF REGULATED ARTICLES yr % Revised July 10, 1972 *DutTpueu peqtzosead Zau,0 IO ButueetTo reaze uotzeVSesjUT OF poescdxse you IT Adwexd yy» *ZOoZ.00dsuT Ue Wertz peuterqo oq Aew sut#z pue sotzo1ercgeT pe_,eusTsep cl s@ UOTJeEWAOZUT vy *SPTS eSTeAat oyr uc ,,SeTOTIAy pexeTNZey jo JUSWeAgY uc pescdwI suctqzoTs4soy,, 9ag % *peTjtjcou cs useq seu jooreuy uctssesscd ut ucszed oy4 pue seTi90eq pesutzge1tua ge peerzds jo pzezey e quesezd Aauy 7eu4q zo1O.edsut ue Lq peuTUIE1Ep ST 1T USA Soacge ayy fq pezteaco 7.0U ‘ZendC0S21eUA ToVOeLeUO fue’ jo souefeauco ro suesw fo ‘seTotTaze ‘sqyonporzd zevgo Auy °¢ ‘ouewdtnbs Sutacw-T[tCs paeziueuosw pesn ‘*Z “TTOS MING °T * *CHLYOIGNT SV IddoxXa aNnow “MVGA LINYAd YO ALVOIMILY@O VY AMINdAM SVANVY (ANTE) GULVINDGY BLVIS CNV (NHWYD) AATSSHAdENS NOMA AHAGT SHIOLLYY CHLVINDAY DNIMOTION FHL *petstTyou os useq Sey TOetTeyy ucTssassod ut ucszsed oy. pue setTr900q pesutTazreqtym Jo peeazds gc pzezey e quesermd Lou eu. 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Heavy in home garden snap beans 1t Kaunakakai, Molokai. (Olson et al.). All stages of ONION THRIPS (Thrips tabaci) heavy in 15 acres of bulb onion at Hoolehua, folokai. Adults light in 100-foot row of green onions at Lanai sity. (Fujimoto et al.). On Oahu, LEAFMINER FLIES (Liriomyza spp.), ;REENHOUSE WHITEFLY (Trialeurodes vaporariorum), and CARMINE SPIDER MITE (Tetranychus cinnabarinus) light in 0.25 acre of egg- plant at Kahaluu; Liriomyza spp. mines light in about 50 percent »9f leaves. Liriomyza spp. and T. vaporariorum light in udjacent 2,000 square feet of long beans. T. vaporariorum light in 0.75 acre of bittermelon at Halawa. T. cinnabarinus moderate in 0.25 acre of eggplant at Waimanalo; restricted mostly to older leaves. Adults and larval mines of Liriomyza spp. heavy in 0.1 cre of green onion at Makawao, Maui; about 75 percent of leaves affected. Adults heavy and larval mines light in 300-foot row of ssoplant at Lanai City, Lanai. (Miyahira, Kawamura). ‘ruits and Nuts —- Small to moderate colonies of COCONUT SCALE (Aspidiotus destructor) on about 20 percent of plants in 0.5 acre 9f banana at Kahaluu, Oahu. Parasites and predators nil. (Kawamura). forest and Shade Trees - CLIDEMIA THRIPS (Liothirps urichi) jurposely introduced from Fiji for control of the weed Clidemia 1irta. In forest reserves throughout Oahu, nymphs and adults noderate on young flushing terminals with up to 50 thrips on underside of single leaf. Damage, characterized by terminal shlorosis, evident on about 50 percent of examined shrubs. Although jetrimental to plants, this thrips seldom causes death under Jawaiian conditions. At 4,000 feet elevation on Mt. Kaala, Oahu, 100 percent of several native manono trees (Gouldia sp.) exhibited large gall-like structures caused by boring larvae of a GELECHIID MOTH (Aristotelia sp.). As many as 4 galls per foot-long branching terminal; some trees with 100 percent of terminals infested. toadside Maui pamakani shrubs (Eupatorium glandulosum) on Mt. Kaala showed 100 percent terminal-gall infestation caused by larvae 9f EUPATORIUM GALL FLY (Procecidochares utilis). P. utilis introduced from Mexico in 1945. Now established on all infested islands and exerting year-round stress on weed pest. GREENHOUSE THRIPS (Heliothrips haemorrhoidalis) severe on Acacia koa saplings at 3,000 feet elevation in Lapahoehoe Forest Reserve, Hawaii. Foliage of damaged plants heavily spotted with excrement and conspicuously discolored. Chlorotic condition caused by feeding ounctures of this sap sucking pest. Megaphragma mymaripenne (a trichogrammatid wasp), a parasite of H. haemorrhoidalis eggs, Aot observed in field. (Yoshioka). Bah sna NES Generai Pests - CHINESE ROSE BEETLE (Adoretus sinicus) caused heavy foliar damage in 0.1 acre of edible ginger (Zingiber officinale) at Kahaluu, Oahu; 80 percent of leaves with 10-70 percent of leaf surface eaten. Chemical control application minimal. Foliar damage moderate on 500 false kamani (Terminalia catappa) saplings at Maunalei, Lanai. (Miyahira, Kawamura). A LYGAEID BUG (Neacoryphus bicrucis) heavy on terminals of 250 potted African tulip (Spathodea campanulata) seedlings at Waikoloa, Hawaii; up to 10 (average 4) adults per plant. This is a new island record. N. bicrucis now occurs on every island except Kauai. (Matayoshi). = 69 9u— TRAP COLLECTIONS LIGHT o reo sp} al uw a © a = fo) Ye) w o © fos) bu N vid Xe) Ds co co aeawv 00 o N N sp) Nw ise) N ci isp) tt oO 00 o wW WwW isp) ci N ite) ise) N N N N N tee} N fo>) isp) Gainesville 9/29-10/5 FLORIDA Bowling Green 10/5 Monticello 9/28 KENTUCKY MISSISSIPPI (County) Washington 9/29-10/5 NEW HAMPSHIRE (County) Strafford 9/30 Central 9/19-10/2 Southeast 9/19-10/2 Southwest 9/19-10/2 PENNSYLVANIA (District) 700 - TENNESSEE (County) Franklin 10/2-6 TEXAS Waco 9/28-10/5 Hartford 9/26-10/1 Lancaster 9/29-10/3 Mazomanie 9/30-10/4 WISCONSIN DETECTION New County and Island Records - AN ARMORED SCALE (Pseudaonidia Clavigera) FLORIDA - Sarasota (p. 696). A LYGAEID BUG (Neacoryphus bicrucis) HAWAII - Hawaii (p. 699). ORANGESTRIPED OAKWORM (Anisota senatoria) WEST VIRGINIA - Braxton (p. 696). A SCOLIID WASP (Scolia dubia) WEST VIRGINIA - Mason (p. 698). VARIABLE OAKLEAF CATERPILLAR (Heterocampa manteo) WEST VIRGINIA - Tucker, Upshur, Doddridge, Greenbrier (p. 696). LESSER GRAIN BORER (Rhyzopertha dominica) WEST VIRGINIA - Adults numerous in animal stuffed with sorghum and barley seeds imported from Mexico. Collected by B.C. Stinnett August 29. Determined by T.J. Spilman. (Hacker). Weather of the week continued from page 692. TEMPERATURE: Sunny skies prevailed over most of the Nation early in the week. Maximums Monday, October 2, ranged from the 50's and 60's in the Northeast to the 80's and 90's in the Southwest. Phoenix, Arizona, registered 101 degrees October 2. The Deep South was warm and muggy. Subfreezing weather occurred one or two mornings over the northern and central Rocky Mountains and east- ward to the Great Lakes. Cooler autumn weather replaced mild weather as the weekend approached. Weekly mean temperatures were 3 to 5 degrees above normal over Nevada and 3 to 5 degrees below normal over the southern Appalachians. Elsewhere, temperatures averaged very close to normal. - 701 - MEDITERRANEAN FRUIT FLY Ceratitis capitata (Wiedemann) Selected References 1967-1969 Copies of this bibliography are available from Pest Survey and » Technical Support Staff. Arroyo, M., Mellado, L., Jiménez, A., and Caballero, F. 1968. Tests on the eradication of Ceratitis capitata Wied. from the island of Tenerife by the sterile-male method. Bol. Pat. Veg. Ent. Agr. 30(1967-68) :233-249. In Sp. Arroyo, M., Mellado, L., Jimenez, A., and Caballero, F. 1968. The influence of various feeding diets on oviposition in a capitata Wied. Bol. Pat. Veg. Ent. Agr. 30(1967- S)) Sea Sea sie - Awadallah, A. and Faris, F. 1969. Application of certain dimethoate compounds on peaches for control of the Medfly, Ceratitis capitata (Wied.) (Diptera: Tephritidae). Bul. Ent. Soc. Egypt, Econ. Ser. 3:75-80. Barroso, C., Municio, A. M., and Ribera, A. 1969. Biochemistry of the developments of the insects Dacus oleae and Ceratitis capitata-evolution of total fatty acids. Compar. Biochem. Physiol. 28(1):239-244. Berville, P. 1969. Control of the Mediterranean fruit-fly in Spain. Phytoma 21(210) :35-36. Brnetic, D. 1968. Effect of the number of eggs cultured on the amount and weight of Mediterranean fruit fly chrysalises obtained. Contemporary Agr. 17(3):65-70. Calabretta, C. 1967. Adult emergence, Sex ratio and mating behaviour in Ceratitis capitata. Bol. Lab. Ent. Agr. Filippo SPLvesitz sooo Zoi netale ine Pe Sum. Cals-Usciati, J. 1969. Influence of physiological condition of host Ceratitis capitata Wied. (Diptera) on development of parasite Opius concolor Szepl. (Hymenoptera). Acad. Sci. Compt. Rend. Ser. D, 269(3):342-344. In Fr. Causse, R. and Féron, M. 1967. Influence of the photoperiodic rhythm on the seal activity of the Mediterranean fruit fly C. capitata. Ann. Epiphyt. 18(2) :175-192. In Fr., Engl. Sum: Cohen, I. and Cohen, J. 1967. Centrally organized control of the Mediterranean yeu fite fly (Ceratitis capitata Wied.) in citrus groves in Israel. Tel-Aviv, Agrotech. Div. Citrus Bd. Israel. Bi OO) 4 Cordes, R. E. 1968. Preliminary data on labeled Mediterranean fruit fly, Ceratitis capitata (Wiedemann), with 32p_ Soc. Ent. Argentina Rev. 31(1/4) :23-32. = 702 — Cordes, R. E. 1969. Preliminary data on the marking of Ceratitis capitata with radioactive phosphorus. Revta Soc. Ent. Argent. 3Gl/4):23-32 .in Sp., fone). .sum . Costa, M. V. Da. 1967. Ability to regulate the mesothoracic dorsal disk by Ceratitis capitata Wied (Diptera, Trypetidae). Acad. Sci. Compt. Rend. Ser. D, 264(8):1058-1061. In Fr. Costilla, M. A. 1967. The importance of the Mediterranean fruit- fly (C. capitata) on citrus in Tucuman and its control. Estac. Expt. Agr. Tucuman Bul.’ No. 105. 12 pp. San Miguel de Tucuman. Engl. Sum. Gucechi, N. J. A.w, La Red, F. C.,/and Wouters, O. 1968. Preliminary tests on the fruit-fly C. capitata. Idia 245:23-38. In Sp. Py Damiano, A. 1967. Organophosphates for control of Mediterranean fruit fly on peaches. Internatl. Pest Control 9(6):14-16. De La Puerta Castello, L. 1967. Ceratitis capitata treatment in Castellon Province. Agr. 36(418):66-69. Map. In Sp. Madrid Feron, M. 1969. Studies on the Mediterranean fruit fly in Tunisia. Panel Insect Ecol. and Sterile-Male Tech. Proc. 1967:83-85. In Fr., Engl. Sum. Fletcher, B. S. 1969. The structure and function of the sex pheromone glands of the male queensland fruit fly, Dacus tryoni. J. Insect Physiol. 15(8):1309-1322. Hafez, M. and Ezzat, M. A. 1967. Does the Mediterranean fruit fly, Ceratitis capitata (Wied.), occur in the New Valley in U.A.R.? Agr. Res. Rev. 45(2):97-101. Cairo Hafez, M., Ezzat, M. A., Fares, F., and Awadallah, A. M. 1967. Mass rearing of the Mediterranean fruit fly, Ceratitis capitata (Wied.), on artificial medium in U.A.R. Aermkes Rev. 45(2):77-90. Cairo Hafez, M. and Fares, F. 1967. Annual number of generations of the Mediterranean fruit fly, Ceratitis capitata (Wied.) in U.A.R. Agr. Res. Rev. 45(2):91-96. Cairo Haltebourg, M. 1967. Study on the persistence of the insecticides most widely used against Ceratitis capitata. Al Awamia 19 (1966):1-16. Ara., Engl., and Sp. Sum. Haltebourg, M. 1967. Tests on the control of larvae of Ceratitis in apricots before picking. Al Awamia 19(1966):17-25. Ara., Engl., and Sp. Sum. Holbrook, F. R. and Fujimoto, M. S. 1969. Mediterranean fruit flies and melon flies trapped at various heights with syn- thetic lures. J. Econ. Ent. 62(4) :962-963. Od) — Jalloul, A. 1968. Observations concerning various treatments used in Lebanon in 1966 against Ceratitis capitata Wied. Fruits 23(8) :415-421. In Fr., Engl. Sum., p. 447 Kaminski, E. 1967. The possibilities of the acclimatisation of the Mediterranean fruit-fly (Ceratitis capitata) in Poland on the basis of its ecology. Pr. Nauk. Inst. Ochr. RoSl. 9(2):145- 160. In Pol., Rus. and Engl. Sum. Katiyar, K. P. 1968. Use of cheap yeasts in the larval diet of the Mediterranean fruit fly (Ceratitis capitata). Turrialba (18(3) :264-267. In Sp., Engl. Sum. Katiyar, K. P. and Ferrer, F. 1967. Effect of exposure of irradi- ated pupae of the Mediterranean fruit fly, Ceratitis capitata, to high temperatures. Turrialba (Costa Rica) 17(1): 31-34. In Sp. Keiser, I. 1968. Residual effectiveness of foliar Sprays against the oriental fruit fly, melon fly, and Mediterranean fruit Ply. cc. Heons bint. GlkC2)y436—4431. Keiser, I. and Schneider, E. L. 1969. Longevity, resistance to deprivation of food and water, and susceptibility to mala- thion and DDT of oriental fruit flies, melon flies, and Mediterranean fruit flies sexually sterilized with tepa or radiation. J. Econ. Ent. 62(3) :663-667. Keiser, I. and Schneider, E. L. 1969. Need for immediate sugar and ability to withstand thirst by newly emerged oriental fruit flies, melon flies, and Mediterranean fruit flies untreated or sexually sterilized with gamma radiation. J. Econ. Ent. 62(3) :539-540. Kokolis, N. 1968. Biochemical studies of purine catabolism in Ceratitis capitata. Compar. Biochem. Physiol. 25(2) :683-691. Marot, G. 1968. Evolution of reproductive capacity in the males of Ceratitis capitata. Ann. Epiphyt. 19(1):199-200. In Fr. Nadel, D. J. and Guerrieri, G. 1969. Experiments on Mediterranean fruit fly control with the sterile-male technique. Panel Sterile-Male Tech. Erad. Cont. Harmful Insects Proc. 1967: 97-105. Nadel’, D. J.; Monro, J, Pelee, B. Aj, and Pilsdor, eH Cea Jone A method of releasing sterile Mediterranean fruit fly adults from aircraft. J. Econ. Ent. 60(4) :899-902. Nakagawa, S., Cunningham, R. T., and Farias, G. J. 1969. Differentiation of parasitized and unparasitized pupae of the melon fly and oriental and Mediterranean fruit flies. J. Econ. Ent. 62(4):970-971. Nakagawa, S., Farias, G. J., and Urago, T. 1968. Newly recognized hosts of the oriental fruit fly, melon fly, and Mediterranean Pruitt Plye Senco. Ent. iol@)r339—540r - 704 - Ohinata, K. and Steiner, L. F. 1967. Comparative damage to auto- mobile finishes of promising bait-Spray toxicants for fruit PULLS. ds Meo. ines SO(S)) 3704707 Planes, S. and Del Rivero, J. M. 1968. Notes on tests on the control of the fruit-fly (Ceratitis capitata). Bol. Pat. Veg. Ent. Agr. 30(1967-68) :299-305. In Sp. Sanders, W. 1968. Oviposition behavior of the Mediterranean fruitfly, Ceratitis capitata Wied., its dependence on the color and make up of environment. Z. Tierpsychol. 25(5) :588- 607. In Ger., Engl. Sum. Scherney, F. and Haisch, A. 1967. Mass breeding and Sterilization of the Mediterranean fruit fly Ceratitis capitata. Bayer. Landwirt. Jahrbuch 44(6):748-756. Map. In Ger. Scherney, F. and Haisch, A. 1968. On the rearing and Sterilization of insect pests, eSpecially the Mediterranean fruit-—fly €. capitata Wied. Anz. Schddlingsk. 41(1):7-14. Engl. and Fr. Sum. Selim, O. F. 1967. Studies on the Mediterranean fruit-fly, Ceratitis capitata Wied., in U.A.R. (Diptera: Tephritidae). Soc. Ent. Egypte Bul. 51:315-341. Pub. 1969. Selim, O. F. 1969. Experiments on the control of Ceratitis Gapitata (Wied. )l in U.A UR. (iptera: Tephritadae)mmbul. Ent. Soc. Egypt, Econ. Ser. 3:1-7. Simon F., J. E. 1969. Present stage of research into the eradi- cation of the Mediterranean and South American fruit flies and the cotton Sstainer in Peru by the sterile-male technique. Panel Sterile-Male Tech. Erad. Cont. Harmful Insects Proc. pp. 115-121. Steiner, L. F. 1969. A method of estimating the size of native populations of oriental, melon, and Mediterranean fruit flies, to establish the overflooding ratios required for sterile-male releases. J. Econ. Ent. 62(1):4-7. Steiner, L. F. 1969. Mediterranean fruit fly research in Hawaii for sterile fly release program. Panel Insect Ecol. and Sterile-male Tech. Proc.:73-82. Tanaka, N., Steiner, L. F., Ohinata, K., and Okamoto, R. 1969. Low-cost larval rearing medium for mass production of oriental and Mediterranean fruit flies. J. Econ. Ent. 62(4): 967-968. Turica, A. 1968. A Central American plan for the eradication of the Mediterranean fruit fly. IDIA (Inst. Nac. Tecnol. Agropecuar.) 247:1-12. In Sp. Turica, A. 1968. Biological control as a means for the control of fruit flies. Idia 241:29-38. = OS = Turica, A. 1968. The Central American plan for the eradication of the Mediterranean fruitfly. Idia 247:1-12. U.S. Agricultural Research Service, Plant Pest Control Division, 1968. Mediterranean fruit fly eradication in Lower Rio Grande Valley. Emergency preparedness in action. U.S. Agr. Res. Serv. ARS 81-29. 25 pp. Sat, aise cna = Ses Valega, T. M. and Beroza, M. 1967. Structure-activity relation- | ships of some attractants of the Mediterranean fruit fly. Wi J. Econ. Ent. 60(2) :341-347. | Valega, T. M. and Coauthors. 1967. Candidate attractants for | control of the Mediterranean fruit fly. J. Econ. Ent. 60(3) 3! 835-844. Vargues, H. 1969. Effect of different antibiotics on larval development of fruit fly (Ceratitis capitata Wied). Paris Soc. Biol. Compt. Rend. 163(8/9):1915- 5-191 Sou in be. Yana, A. 1968. The phenomenon of chemical attraction in Ceratitisi capitata Wied (Diptera, Trypetidae). I. Tunisie, Inst. Nat. | Rech. Agron. Doc. Tech. 37. 18 pp. In Fr. Baits and sex attractants. U.S. Dept. Agr 3} Prepared by Pest Survey and Coop. Econ. Ins. Rpjj Technical Support Staff 22(41) :702-706, 19% - 706 - U.S. DEPARTMENT OF AGRICULTURE HYATTSVILLE, MARYLAND 20782 POSTAGE AND FEES PAID ——— OFFICIAL BUSINESS U.S. DEPARTMENT OF AGRICULTURE PENALTY FOR PRIVATE USE, $300 AGR 101 0004 SMINLISMIA122 34037 OCC1 SMITHSONIAN INSTITUTION LIBR- ARTES SMITHSONIAN INST WASHINGTON BC 20560 VOL. 22 No. 42 October 20, 1972 SB G77 Ext. Cooperative Economic Insect Report Issued by PLANT PROTECTION AND QUARANTINE PROGRAMS ANIMAL AND PLANT HEALTH INSPECTION SERVICE U.S.DEPARTMENT OF AGRICULTURE ANIMAL AND PLANT HEALTH INSPECTION SERVICE PLANT PROTECTION AND QUARANTINE PROGRAMS PEST SURVEY AND TECHNICAL SUPPORT STAFF The Cooperative Economic Insect Report is issued weekly as a service to American Agriculture. Its contents are compiled from information supplied by cooperating State, Federal, and industrial entomologists and other agricultural workers. In releasing this material the Service serves as a Clearing house and does not assume responsibility for ac- curacy of the material. All reports and inquiries pertaining to this release, including the mailing list, should be sent to: CEIR Pest Survey and Technical Support Staff Plant Protection and Quarantine Programs Animal and Plant Health Inspection Service United States Department of Agriculture Federal Center Building Hyattsville, Maryland 20782 Volume 22 October 20, 1972 Number 42 COOPERATIVE ECONOMIC INSECT REPORT HIGHLIGHTS Current Conditions CORN EARWORM severely damaged soybeans in Alabama. (p. 709). GREENBUG heavy on winter wheat in Nebraska and South Dakota. Goneco9)). First POTATO SCAB GNAT incident in Idaho in 20 years. (p. 711). Detection A CONIFER APHID reported for the first time in Virginia. Gog eles For new county records see page 714. Special Reports Gypsy Moth. Additional Selected References 1967-1969. (pp. 717- lS) is Pink Bollworm Quarantines. Map. (Centerfold). Reports in this iSsue are for week ending October 13 unless other- wise indicated. - 707 - CONTENTS Specialy Insiectsi ot (Ree tonal Sionastcance seis eee eer eciene helene 709 Insects Affecting Conn-) Sorchum, susarcanes. 27097 Sugary Beet Si ceieecla cen alent Smal G ran). 595 Ceawevente eveyone te 710 Potatoes, Tomatoes, Peppers.711 Turf, Pastures, Rangeland..710 General Vegetables.......... 711 Forace Wesumeseys aie rreieeke or 710 Deciduous Fruits and Nuts...711 SOV SANS eae cre ted ie onsite valtoreireters (iL Ornamentals. ¢ 6)4%. 20 ee ee 712 POA MUSE, ceotavenemewelnet el hetomss boca s 711 Forest and Shade Trees...... 712 COTTON ere is aise ae eleekerel etic ieetetente (AS Man and Animals oceeeeeee 713 Benefieta lL, INSETS aie eis ahelientenes 6 eeee avieyior qieveiie: 3) lel allel else etaieteale eee ene 713 Federal and State Pllant Protection Programs .. a2. eee 713 Hawaii InSee@t REPOM i. ss ciecc ce scase Cee tene oe erie cloneye) oie seuleitele ceiheteiee etait meee 714 De GEC EVOM 6 oi wos aisenSineve eye Se ceseide = Setar ts lailey ais ive. else calfalisiretls eae aaNet eae an 714 COL CSCSTLO MS io 3h OF rece tama aciat ay aha tie arte allel tet at alates a a Ota a an ae 714 hasht) Trap (Collec tW@oOms iy aie ei kik sels eo) ef eile re “elcljellar wijcuretia elias sie ease Reet ea 7L5a Weaitiner (OF the) Week. aii we ieee eye al hese! Sueile: lors) wyvelreilies ses veliduele: outceenia testy eae naar 716 Gypsy Moth. Additional Selected References 1967-1969.......... 717 Pink Bollworm. Quarantines. Map. Centerfold. NATIONAL WEATHER SERVICE'S 30-DAY OUTLOOK MID-OCTOBER TO MID-NOVEMBER 1972 The National Weather Service's 30-day outlook for mid-October to mid-November calls for temperatures to average below seasonal normal over the eastern half of the Nation except for near normal along the north Atlantic Coast and in Florida. Below normal temperatures are also indicated for the central Plateau region. Above normal temperatures are expected along the Pacific Coast and also in northern Montana. In unspecified areas near normal temperatures are in prospect. Precipitation is expected to exceed normal over the northeastern quarter of the Nation as well as the eentral and south Pacific Coast. Subnormal totals are indicated for the Northwest and also the Gulf Coast States and Florida. Elsewhere near normal amounts are expected. Weather forecast given here is based on the official 30-day "Resume and Outlook" published twice a month by the National Weather Service. You can Subscribe through the Superintendent of Documents, Washington, D.C. 20250. Price $5.00 a year. - 708 - SPECIAL INSECTS OF REGIONAL SIGNIFICANCE CORN EARWORM (Heliothis zea) - ALABAMA - Larval damage severe in Baldwin and Mobile Counties on almost all 200,000 acres of soy- beans. This pest and foliage feeders damaged most fields in Covington County. (Turner et al.). TENNESSEE - Corn earworm damaged 7 percent of pods in snap bean fields in Cumberland County. (Mullins). BEET LEAFHOPPER (Circulifer tenellus) - CALIFORNIA - Nymph emergence Slowed due to unseasonably cool weather during September in all spray areas. Breeding still occurring and hatch expected over next 21-28 days. Populations in Kern County ranged 60-70 percent nymphs in some areas. Percentage of first and second instar nymphs low in most treatment areas. (Cal. Coop. Rpt.). GREENBUG (Schizaphis graminum) - NEW MEXICO - Ranged 3-8 per square foot of barley at Hobbs and Lovington, Lea County. (N.M. Coop. Rpt.). TEXAS - Light, 1-5 per row foot of wheat, in 21 panhandle counties September 21 to October 2. (Daniels). KANSAS - Heaviest, 0-12 per drill row foot, in Wichita County. (Bell). NEBRASKA - Scattered light to moderate damage to winter wheat. Occasional spots in 2 fields discolored in Gage County; counts numbered 100+ per linear foot of drill row. Up to 150 per plant in Polk County field; about 25 percent of this 6-acre field destroyed. Light in Dawson County. Light in winter wheat from North Platte, Lincoln County, south to Frontier and Red Willow Counties. (Campbell). SOUTH DAKOTA - Continues to damage untreated winter wheat throughout winter wheat range in State. Completely destroyed untreated wheat east of Chamberlain, Brule County, to near Bear Butte in western Meade County. Untreated winter wheat in test plots near Kennebec, Lyman County, had up to 5,710 aphids per 3 feet of row. About 0.75-1.0 inch of precipitation on October 4-5 helped wheat. Daytime temperatures in the 60's and 70's helped parasites and lady beetles to maintain above normal populations. (Jones). SPOTTED ALFALFA APHID (Therioaphis maculata) - ARIZONA - Counts of 3,000 per 100 sweeps of alfalfa from one Gila Valley field and 200 per 100 sweeps from Yuma Mesa, Yuma County. (Ariz. Coop. Sur.). OKLAHOMA - Moderate on alfalfa in Washita, Beckham, Caddo, and Custer Counties. (Okla. Coop. Sur.). CORN, SORGHUM, SUGARCANE EUROPEAN CORN BORER (Ostrinia nubilalis) - KANSAS - Infested corn- stalks by county: Greeley 4 percent (1 field), Lane 0-12 percent (2 fields), and Ness 20 percent (1 field). Collected and determined by M. Shuman. These are new county records. (Bell). NORTH DAKOTA - Fall survey showed increase in southeast district. Borers up to 650 (averaged 140) per 100 plants; averaged 130 per 100 plants in 1971. Decreased in Cass, Dickey, and Sargent Counties. Increased in Richland and Ransom Counties. Infested plants up to 100 (average 53) percent; averaged 52 percent in 1971. No second-brood larval infestation this season. (Brandvik, Kaatz). WISCONSIN - Fall survey completed. Decreased in all districts except in the north-central; east-central district remained the same. Fivefold decrease in southwest and west-central districts. (Wis. Ins. Sur.). = OS) = ILLINOIS - Larvae of Ostrinia nubilalis, almost 5 per plant, infested 3 fields of field corn in Henderson County with 40 per- cent of stalks broken below the ear and 10 percent of ears on the ground. An exceptional case, overall populations low for 1972. (111. Ins. Rpt.). KENTUCKY - Percent plants infested (and borers per 100 plants) by county: Daviess 39.2 (21.6), Hopkins 19.2 (6,0), Warren 6,0 (none). (Barnett). VERMONT - Fall survey com- plete. State averaged 14.8 percent infested corn and 14.4 borers per 100 plants. Heaviest in Grand Isle County with 42 percent in- fested corn and 43 borers per 100 plants. (Benedict). SOUTHWESTERN CORN BORER (Diatraea grandiosella) - OKLAHOMA - Heavy on corn in Cimarron County. (Okla. Coop. Sur.). ALABAMA - Severe lodging of cornstalks still reported in Morgan and Blount Counties. (Rutledge, Lloyd). KENTUCKY - Collected October 10 by D. Barnett in Hardin County. This is a new county record. (Barnett). SORGHUM WEBWORM (Celama sorghiella) - KANSAS - Moderate on heads. of late sorghum in Woodson County; trace in late sorghum in Coffey County. (Bell). SORGHUM MIDGE (Contarinia sorghicola) - MISSISSIPPI - Heavy, averaged 10 per head in 10-head sample, in late-planted Noxubee County sorghum field. Destroyed 60 percent of grain in each head. (Robinson). KANSAS - Adults trace on blooming heads of late sorghum in Saline, Ottawa, and Coffey Counties. (Bell). SMALL GRAINS FALL ARMYWORM (Spodoptera frugiperda) - OKLAHOMA - Larvae declined in many areas due to pupation. Still moderate to heavy on small grains in Pawnee, Roger Mills, Cleveland, Love, and Marshall Coun- tiles) n (Oka COOps Stile). TURF, PASTURES, RANGELAND FALL ARMYWORM (Spodoptera frugiperda) - TEXAS - Heavy on Coastal Bermuda pastures in Brazos County past 7 days. Controls applied. (Cole). MISSISSIPPI - Larvae damaged 600 acres of ryegrass in Madison County. (Robinson). FORAGE LEGUMES ALFALFA CATERPILLAR (Colias eurytheme) - ARIZONA - Adult flights heavy at Safford, Graham County. (Ariz. Coop. Sur.). NEW MEXICO —- Larvae light, 5-10 per 25 sweeps, on alfalfa at Hobbs and Loving- ton, ea, County. €NOM> Coop.) Rpt.) . GREEN CLOVERWORM (Plathypena scabra) - OKLAHOMA - Heavy on alfalfa in Washita, Beckham, Caddo, and Custer Counties. (Okla. Coop. Sur.) VELVETBEAN CATERPILLAR (Anticarsia gemmatalis) - ARKANSAS - Specimens collected from alfalfa October 2 in Jefferson County determined this species. Rare on alfalfa, common on soybeans in Sitaives: | CAnkee ins OUIc sie 2EA APHID (Acyrthosiphon pisum) - WISCONSIN - Heavy, 45-100 per sweep (5 percent males), in some alfalfa on light soil in western Jane and southern Sauk Counties. Much lighter in central and southwestern parts of State. (Wis. Ins. Sur.). = 71lQ) = SOYBEANS SOUTHERN GREEN STINK BUG (Nezara viridula) - ALABAMA - Adults and nymphs of this species and Euschistus servus (brown stink bug) approaching damaging populations in several Houston County soy- bean fields. Population and damage generally light over State for 1972. (Mathews et al.). PEANUTS REDNECKED PEANUTWORM (Stegasta bosqueella) - NEW MEXICO - Affected 30 percent of terminals in a peanut field in Lea County. (N.M. Coop.) Rpt. ) < EUROPEAN CORN BORER (Ostrinia nubilalis) - NORTH CAROLINA - Damage reported in 2 Hertford County peanut fields. Larvae in 5-10 percent of stems. Controls generally not practical this late in season. (Hunt). COTTON BOLL WEEVIL (Anthonomus grandis) - OKLAHOMA - Counts in late cotton averaged 11,000 per acre in irrigated fields and ranged 0-2,700 per acre in dryland fields in Washita County. (Okla. Coop. Sur.). ALABAMA - Up to 5 young weevils feeding per young boll in Cotton Pest Management Area of Elmore and Autauga Counties where in season controls stopped too soon before defoliation, especially in non-defoliated fields. Few weevils reached firm diapause. Very few weevils in 80+ percent of acres where full insect control maintained and followed by third diapause weevil control program, (Smith). SUGAR BEETS BEET ARMYWORM (Spodoptera exigua) - ARIZONA - Problem on young Ssugarbeets at Yuma, Yuma County. (Ariz. Coop. Sur.). POTATOES, TOMATOES, PEPPERS POTATO SCAB GNAT (Pnyxia scabiei) - IDAHO - Infested potatoes collected by W. Henninger at Dry Lake area, Nampa, Canyon County. Potatoes, examined by B.J. Landis, found to be infested on October 2. First confirmed incident in State in 20 years. (Portman). TOMATO PINWORM (Keiferia lycopersicella) - MISSISSIPPI - Heavy in greenhouse tomatoes in Copiah County. (Burnham). GENERAL VEGETABLES CABBAGE LOOPER (Trichoplusia ni) - ARIZONA - Treatments applied to lettuce in Yuma and Maricopa Counties. (Ariz. Coop. Sur.). MARYLAND —- Fully grown larvae ranged 1-2 per 10 row feet in 100 acres of Spinach near Galena, Kent County. Controls applied. CUeeviden mt. Depts). DECIDUOUS FRUITS AND NUTS FALL WEBWORM (Hyphantria cunea) - NEW MEXICO - Heavily damaged or completely defoliated many pecan trees in Dona Ana County. (N.M. Coop. Rpt.). TEXAS - Infested pecan and shade trees in Travis, Caldwell, Gonzales, Guadalupe and De Witt Counties. Populations declined. (Cole). = (ill = WALNUT CATERPILLAR (Datana integerrima) - OKLAHOMA - Larval damage on pecan trees still reported moderate to heavy in Bryan, Oklahoma, and Cleveland Counties. (Okla. Coop. Sur.). BLACK PECAN APHID (Tinocallis caryaefoliae) - ALABAMA —- Popula- tions and damage of this Species and Monellia spp. (yellow aphids) still heavy in Baldwin, Macon, Covington, Bullock, Dale, and other counties in southern area. Some controls still planned. (Turner et al.). APPLE GRAIN APHID (Rhopalosiphum fitchii) - WISCONSIN - Alates heavy on Prunus spp. in western Dane County; colonies built up. No eggs found but nymphs contain eggs. (Wis. Ins. Sur.). PEAR PSYLLA (Psylla pyricola) - UTAH - Adults very heavy in orchard at mouth of Providence Canyon, Cache County. (Davis). ORNAMENTALS A CONIFER APHID (Cinara canadensis) - VIRGINIA - Taken on juniper in Montgomery County July 6, 1972, by J.A. Weidhaas. Determined by J.O. Pepper. This is a new State record. (Allen). CRAPEMYRTLE APHID (Tinocallis kahawaluokalani) - MARYLAND - Very heavy and injurious to plant at Baltimore. Population included males, oviparous females, new eggs, and viviparous females. Sexual’ forms rare. (U. Md:, Ent. Dept. )". FOREST AND SHADE TREES VARIABLE OAKLEAF CATERPILLAR (Heterocampa manteo) - OKLAHOMA - Heavy infestation on oaks in Bryan County declined. Fully grown larvae left trees in Payne County. (Okla. Coop. Sur.). ARKANSAS - Specimens submitted from Benton County. Determined by B.F. Jones. Much lighter in northwest area than farther south. Attacked by diseases and parasites in most areas. (Ark. Ins. Sur.). WEST VIRGINIA - Larval damage heavy on about 300 acres of scattered red and black oaks in Hardy County. (Jones, Oct. 4). WALNUT CATERPILLAR (Datana integerrima) - TEXAS - Heavy on oak trees in Brazos County past 7 days. (Cole). HEMLOCK LOOPER (Lambdina fiscellaria) - WEST VIRGINIA - Larvae caused heavy defoliation of one hemlock tree at Buckhannon, Upshur County. Collected by B.A. Smith October 2. This is a new county record. Larvae caused 75 percent defoliation of hemlocks in 3-acre area in Hancock County October 5. (Hacker). SPINY OAKWORM (Anisota stigma) - TEXAS - Heavy on oaks at Conroe, Montgomery County, past 7 days. (Cole). FALL WEBWORM (Hyphantria cunea) - NEW MEXICO - Damage heavy on many Shade trees in most of State. Larvae, a nuisance around households. (N.M. Coop. Rpt.). ELM LEAF BEETLE (Pyrrhalta luteola) - NEW MEXICO - Damage heavy to Siberian elms at Farmington, San Juan County. (N.M. Coop. 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Gay *SMO1103: SV V3¥Y G3LVINOIY vV WON Vv G31v1N93Y¥ JO LNANJAOW NO G3SOdWI! 3Yv SNOILOINLSA “CHAO SNOTLVINONY - daLvoravua YYYYyyy “VHUV AAISSHuddNS - AINO SNOILVINDOAY ALVIS Ff My y NOLLVINOTUY TVHXCHA GNV ALVLS - VaUV TAISSHYdadNS : x y YYW rime Wy Oa IVUddad CNV ALVLS - VAY GHLSHANI ATIVUGNED GE My YW b 1) WY, a0 yj Wf VINOAIY ATIVILYWd 3YV G3Y0109 ATIVILYVd SJILNNOD YINOIY AT3LSIIDWOOD 3YvV GIYO109 AIZYILN| S3ILNNOO Y/ Yi YY YY)... “Ny yj = Ui mes7// HA o Lh t { R ; i t ¢ F TN MPRA TRE T TEMA RAR ] aR we RR meta ~ wee 4 ee Fig has PINK BOLLWORM QUARANTINES | | U.S. DEPARTMENT OF AGRICULTURE ANIMAL AND PLANT HEALTH INSPECTION SERVICE PLANT PROTECTION AND QUARANTINE PROGRAMS COOPERATING WITH AFFECTED STATES COUNTIES ENTIRELY COLORED ARE COMPLETELY REGULATED; COUNTIES PARTIALLY COLORED ARE PARTIALLY REGULATED. j GENERALLY INFESTED AREA - STATE AND FEDERAL REGULATIONS. GR) suppressive area - STATE AND FEDERAL REGULATIONS. GER) stave ReGuiarrons onty - suppressive AREA. Yo) ERADICATED — REGULATIONS REMOVED, ESTRIGTIONS ARE IMPOSED ON MOVEMENT OF REGULATED ARTICLES ROM A REGULATED AREA AS FOLLOWS: CONSULT YOUR STATE OR FEDERAL PLANT = ai Pacis PROTECTION INSPECTOR OR YOUR COUNTY |, RED INTO OR THROUGH GREEN, BLUE HI AGENT FOR ASSISTANCE REGARDING EXACT AREAS UNDER REGULATION AND REQUIREMENTS 2.GREEN INTO OR THROUGH BLUE OR WHITE. FOR MOVING REGULATED ARTICLES, 3.GREEN INTO GREEN. 4. WITHIN GREEN.®? (See Reverse Side for List of Regulated Articles) 5. BLUE INTO ANY OTHER AREA. “IF IT 1S DETERMINED BY THE INSPECTOR THAT A HAZARD OF SPREAD EXISTS. Revised May 31, 1972 ° IF REQUIRED BY STATE REGULATIONS OR BY AN AUTHORIZED INSPECTOR. THE FOLLOWING REGULATED ARTICLES REQUIRE A CERTIFICATE OR PERMIT YEAR-ROUND EXCEPT AS INDICATED: aL, 6. di. 12 Cotton and wild cotton, including all parts of such plants. Seed cotton. Cottonseed. Cottonseed hulls. Cotton lint. Baled cotton lint is exempt if compressed to a minimum of 22 pounds per cubic foot. Baled cotton lint moving from the generally infested area into the suppressive area is exempt if the lint is from seed cotton produced in the suppressive area and moved to the generally infested area for ginning, provided the identity of the baled cotton lint is maintained. Samples of cotton lint of the usual trade size are exempt. The samples may be assembled in a single package for shipment. Cotton linters. Linters are exempt if compressed to a minimum of 22 pounds per cubic foot. Samples of.cotton linters of the usual trade size are exempt. Samples may be assembled in a single package for shipment. Cotton waste produced at cotton gins, cottonseed oil mills, and cotton textile mills. Lint cleaner waste is exempt if compressed to a minimm of 22 pounds per cubic foot. Cotton gin trash. Used bagging and other used wrappers for cotton. Used cotton harvesting equipment and used cotton ginning and cotton oil mill equipment. Okra and kenaf, including all parts of such plants except canned or frozen okra. Edible okra is exempt if produced during the period December 1 to May 15 inclusive, except that okra consigned to California is exempt only if produced during the period of January 1 to March 15 inclusive. . Any other products, articles, or means of conveyance of any character whatsoever, not covered by the above, when it is determined by an inspector that they present a hazard of spread of the pink bollworm and the person in possession thereof has been so notified. MAN AND ANIMALS SCREWWORM (Cochliomyia hominivorax) - Total of 3,547 confirmed cases reported in continental U.S. during period October 1-7 as follows: Texas 3,300; New Mexico 80; Arizona 98; Oklahoma 63; Arkansas 3; California 3. Total of 1,125 cases reported in Mexico. Number of sterile flies released in U.S. this period totaled 159,318,000 as follows: Texas 133,730,000; New Mexico 5,580,000; Arizona 12,900,000; Louisiana 1,708,000; Florida 4,200,000; Alabama 200,000; Georgia 1,000,000. Total of 29,912,000 sterile flies released in Mexico. (Anim. Health). HORN FLY (Haematobia irritans) - OKLAHOMA - Ranged 750-1,000 per head on cows and averaged 3,500 per head on bulls in Payne County. Averaged 200 per head in Love County; moderate to heavy in Cleveland, Hughes, Comanche, and Bryan Counties. (Okla. Coop. Sur.). MISSISSIPPI - Adults averaged 600+ on 65 beef cattle in Oktibbeha County. Should be last generation before diapause. (Robinson) . STABLE FLY (Stomoxys calcitrans) - OKLAHOMA - Increased, ranged 12-15 per head, on untreated dairy cattle past 14 days in Payne County. (Okla. Coop. Sur:). BENEFICIAL INSECTS AN ENCYRTID WASP (Ooencyrtus kuwanai) - RHODE ISLAND - Released 60,000 against Porthetria dispar (gypsy moth) eggs in Providence County October 3. (Relli). FEDERAL AND STATE PLANT PROTECTION PROGRAMS PINK BOLLWORM (Pectinophora gossypiella) - NEW MEXICO - Percent infested bolls ranged 0-40 in Lea County cotton field. (N.M. Coop. Rpt.). OKLAHOMA - Lint cleaner inspections revealed 275- 300 larvae per bale in Jefferson County and 10-15 per bale in Canadian County. Green boll infestations averaged 75 percent and 90 percent in 2 cotton fields in Bryan County, 100 percent and 90 percent in 2 fields in Marshall County, 100 percent and 40 percent in 2 fields in Love County, 75 and 60 percent in 2 fields in Johnston County, and 50 percent in 1 field in Grady County. Heavy green boll infestations also reported in south- eastern Tillman County and a small ornamental planting in Noble County. (Okla. Coop. Sur.). WESTERN GRAPELEAF SKELETONIZER (Harrisina brillians) - CALIFORNIA - Still active; infested area increased in Santa Clara County. Controls applied as new finds made. No commercial grapes involved. (Cals Coop. Rpt.). GYPSY MOTH (Porthetria dispar) - See BENEFICIAL INSECTS above, = US = HAWAII INSECT REPORT Corn - CORN PLANTHOPPER (Peregrinus maidis) heavy in 200 acres of mature field corn at Kilauea, Kauai; nymphs and adults of Tytthus mundulus (cane leafhopper egg sucker) heavy but not adversely affecting planthopper population. (Sugawa). General Vegetables - Larval mines of LEAFMINER FLIES (Liriomyza Spp.) heavy in .5 acre of eggplant seedlings at Waianae, Oahu; half of leaves (mostly older) with 80+ percent of leaf area mined. TOBACCO FLEA BEETLE (Epitrix hirtipennis) damage moderate; adults light. Leafminer mines generally moderate in several plantings of club gourd (Lagenaria vulgaris) at this Same area; heavy on older leaves despite weekly controls. Adults heavy in a 1,000 square feet of mustard cabbage (Brassica juncea) adjacent to a .75-acre planting of club gourd. (Kawamura) . Fruits and Nuts - Small colonies of COCONUT SCALE (Aspidiotus destructor) on less than 1 percent of pinnae of about 200 coconut trees at Kahe Point, Oahu. (Kawamura). Moderate numbers of BLACK THREAD SCALE (Ischnaspis longirostris) and an ERIOPHYID MITE (Eriophyes litchii) on backyard Litchi chinensis trees at Lahaina, Maui. (Miyahira). General Pests - FULLER ROSE WEEVIL (Pantomorus cervinus) damage heavy in yard plantings of Citrus sp. and Cordyline terminalis at Makawao and lower Kula, Maui. (Miyahira). Miscellaneous Pests - GIANT AFRICAN SNAIL (Achatina fulica) activity light at Poipu, Kauai, during September; about 90 Snails collected and destroyed. Nil at Wahiawa. (Sugawa). DETECTION New State Record - A CONIFER APHID (Cinara canadensis) - VIRGINIA - Montgomery County. (p. 712). New County Records - EUROPEAN CORN BORER (Ostrinia nubilalis) - KANSAS - Greeley, Lane, Ness (p. 709). HEMLOCK LOOPER (Lambdina fiscellaria) WEST VIRGINIA - Upshur (p. 712). SOUTHWESTERN CORN BORER (Diatraea grandiosella) KENTUCKY - Hardin (p. 710). CORRECTIONS CEIR 22(40):685 - GRASSHOPPERS - Line 4: "... Trachyrachys kiowa.'' Should read "... Trachyrhachys kiowa." CEIR 22(41):699 - FOREST AND SHADE TREES: "... Liothirps urichi Jo) Should s-eadgia - ) Liocthrmips uracil i - 714 - LIGHT TRAP COLLECTIONS FLORIDA - Gainesville, 10/13, BL - Armyworm (Pseudaletia unipuncta) 45, beet armyworm (Spodoptera exigua) 132, black cutworm (Agrotis ipsilon) 13, corn earworm (Heliothis zea) 9, fall armyworm (Se frugiperda) 40, granulate cutworm (Feltia subterranea) 5, tobacco budworm (H. virescens) 1, variegated cutworm (Peridroma Saucia) 5. KANSAS - Garden City, 9/25, 27, 10/2, 4, 9, 11, BL - Army cutworm (Euxoa auxiliaris) 932, armyworm 76, black cutworm 38, corn ear- worm 305, variegated cutworm 15, wheat head armyworm (Faronta diffusa) 20, yellowstriped armyworm (S. ornithogalli) 3. Great Bend, 9/27-10/10, BL - Army cutworm 248, armyworm 51, black cut- worm 52, corn earworm 144, variegated cutworm 82, wheat head army- worm 4, yellowstriped armyworm 2. MISSISSIPPI - Stoneville, 10/6-12, 2BL, 50-87 degrees F., no precip. - Armyworm 53, beet armyworm 1,914, black cutworm 17, cabbage looper (Trichoplusia ni) 9, corn earworm 212, fall army- worm 152, granulate cutworm 118, tobacco budworm 53, variegated cutworm 1. NEW HAMPSHIRE - Lee, 10/9, BL - Black cutworm 1. PENNSYLVANIA - (District) - Central, 10/4-11, BL - Army cutworm 1, armyworm 10, black cutworm 1, corn earworm 1, variegated cutworm 3, yellowstriped armyworm 1. Northeast, 10/4-11, BL - Armyworm 1, black cutworm 2, variegated cutworm 3. Southeast, 10/4-11, BL - Armyworm 9, black cutworm 3, fall armyworm 2, variegated cutworm 6, yellowstriped armyworm 2. TEXAS - Waco, 10/12, BL - Armyworm 350, beet armyworm 213, black cutworm 11, cabbage looper 48, corn earworm 49, fall armyworm 92, granulate cutworm 71, tobacco budworm 189, variegated cutworm 102, yellowstriped armyworm 15. VIRGINIA - Charlotte Court House, 9/26-10/6, BL - Armyworm 121, black cutworm 36, tobacco hornworm (Manduca sexta) 2, tomato horn- worm (M. quinquemaculata) 1. Holland, 9/26-10/10, BL - Armyworm 70, black cutworm 16, tomato hornworm 3. Warsaw, 9/27-10/9, BL - Armyworm 115, black cutworm 22, tomato hornworm 4. = 715 = WEATHER OF THE WEEK ENDING OCTOBER 16 Reprinted from Weekly Weather and Crop Bulletin supplied by Environmental Data Service, NOAA. PRECIPITATION: Weak thunderstorms spattered the central Great Plains early in the week. A storm centered over the Pacific Ocean, west of California, provided light rain along the coast with snow in nearby mountains. Another storm centered over the extreme southern Saskatchewan caused cold, snowy weather in Montana. By noon Tuesday, about 2 inches of snow covered the Great Falls area and strong northerly winds spread snow into the northern Rocky Mountains. Vigorous thunderstorms shaped up in Iowa and spread to northern Illinois. Hail from 1 to 2 inches in diameter fell in northeastern Iowa. AS air masses of differing temperature and moisture characteristics battled along a long front that stretched across the central Great Plains, showers and thunderstorms popped up along the front and snow flurries occurred in the cold air north) of the front. Isolated precipitation continued in northern A | California midweek. Rain in the east spread, covering most of the area from Illinois to the northern and middle Atlantic States. The weekend brought light scattered rains over the central Great Plains, the Deep South and the Northeast, light rain or snow in the Northwest and central Rocky Mountains, and light to heavy rain in northern and central California. Heavy rains in California caused damaging mud slides in some hilly areas. TEMPERATURE: A large Canadian High cooled the Northeast early in the week. Maximum temperatures Monday afternoon ranged from the 40's from the Great Lakes to Maine to the 60's from the Dakotas | to Virginia. Mild temperatures and mostly sunny skies continued ovel) the South. In the West Monday afternoon, temperatures ranged from the 70's in eastern Montana to the 90's in western Texas. Tuesday morning brought subfreezing temperatures as far south as West Virginia where Beckley registered 30 degrees. Gusty winds Monday night brought subfreezing temperatures to eastern Montana by Tuesday morning and held the afternoon temperatures in the 40's over much of that area Tuesday afternoon. The maximum temperature at Great Falls Monday was 73 and Tuesday 26 degrees. Corresponding readings at Havre were 80 and 40 degrees. The northern Great Plains remained cool Wednesday but extreme western Texas warmed to the 90's, 98 degrees at Presidio. Considerable warming occurred over the northern Great Plains Thursday. The Deep South continued. | sunny and mild. Subfreezing temperatures occurred in parts of the northern Great Plains and eastward to New England on Saturday and Sunday morning. | : { i aaa incase ee aa - 716 - GYPSY MOTH ; (Porthetria dispar (L.)) Additional Selected References 1967-1969 These references Supplement those published in CEIR 19(44):819- 820, 1969. Copies of these bibliographies are available from Pest Survey and Technical Support Staff. Abdullaev, E. 1967. Parasites of eggs of the gypsy moth (Porthe- tria dispar) (Orgyidae, Lepidoptera) according to findings from Samarkand Region. In Akademiya Nauk Uzbekskoi SSR. Institut Zoologii i Parazitologii. Poleznye i vrednye bespozvonochnye zhivotnye Uzbekistana, pp. 25-29. In Rus. Brown, G. S. 1968. Establishment of the gypsy moth, Porthetria dispar L., in Canada. Ent. Soc. Ont. Proc. 99:12-13. Cardinal, J. A. 1967. Control of the gypsy moth, Lymantria dispar, in Quebec. Phytoprotection 48(2):92-100. In Fr., Engl. Sum. Golubev, A. V. and Semevskii, F. N. 1969. Distribution of an endemic population of the gypsy moth. Zool. Zh. 48(6):850- oo09s in Rus -; Krnjaic, S. 1967. A survey of the species and numbers of egg parasites of the gypsy moth at various places in Yugoslavia. ZaSt. Bilja 18(93/95):247-255. In Serb., Engl. Sum. Leonard, D. E. 1969. Intrinsic factors cauSing qualitative changes in populations of the gypsy moth. Ent. Soc. Ontario Proc. 100:195-199. Magnoler, A. 1968. Laboratory and field experiments on the effec- tiveness of purified and non-purified nuclear polyhedral virus of Lymantria dispar L. Entomophaga 13(4):335-344. Fr. Sum. Maks imovic, M. 1969. Investigation of population dynamics of gypsy moth by means of traps. Panel Insect Ecol. and Sterile-male Tech. Proc.:9-19. Maksimovic, M. and Marovic, R. 1967. The effect of the type of trap on the attractiveness of the sex scent of females of the gypsy moth. Zast. Bilja 18(93/95):115-123. In Serb., Engl. Sum. Mihalache, Gh. 1969. On the evolution of the useful entomofauna of the gypSy moth in areas treated with bacterial prepara- tious. Stud. si Cercet. Biol: Ser. Zool. 21(5):365-376. In Rum. Nagasawa, S. and Nakayama, I. 1968. Growth and its variation of Kurashiki race of gypsy moth, Lymantria dispar L.; problems on breeding of insects for biological assay of insecticides. XLVII. Kontyu 36(3):237-249. In Jap. Sra ei Petre, Z., Caloianu, M., and Savulescu, A. 1968. Histopathological studies concerning ‘the nuclear polyhedrosis virus changes in Lymantria dispar L. larvae. Revue Roum. Biol.-Zool. IS(2)s 105-109. Bucharest. Petre, Z. and Ploaie, P. 1969. Cell proliferations in Lymantria dispar L. larvae infected with the nuclear polyhedrosis virus. Experientia 25(8):842-844. Romanyk, N. and De Montes, I. 1969. ha situacion de las plagas de insectos forestales en espana durante el ano 1969. Bol. del | Serv. de Plagas Forest. 12(24):135. Rose, A. H. 1969. Noteworthy forest insects in Ontario in 1969. | Entesoc fOntardo secoc >) 100-13: Topalovic, M. 1969. Situation of gypsy moth in autumn, 1968. | Biljni Lek. 14(1):9-11. In Serb. | Turner, N. 1969. The gypsy moth in Connecticut. Conn. Agr. Expt. Sirel, (ire, ASilo 8 yo- U.S. Department of Agriculture. 1969. The gypsy moth. U.S. Dept. Agr. PA-910. 6p.-folder. Vasiljevic, Lj. and Injac, M. 1967. Some of the consequences of irradiating gypsy-moth eggs with radioactive cobalt-60. Zast. Bilja 18(93/95):55-65. In Serb., Engl. Sum. Videnova, E. 1967. Tests on the use of bacteria for the control of larvae of the gypsy moth, the brown-tail moth and the lackey | moth. Rastit. Zasht. 15(11):29-32. In Bu. | uv Zhukovskii, S. G. and Alekseeva, T. M. 1968. On rearing the gypsy moth under laboratory conditions. Byull. vses. nauchno- iss led) Inst. Zasheh. Rast. 3(11):72=75. In Bus:, Engi jsume | Pubpe ine I GIF | ( { U.S) Depit aes Coop. Econ. Ins. Rpt. Prepared by Pest Survey and 1972 Technical Support Staff 22(42) :717-718, = Fils = U.S. DEPARTMENT OF AGRICULTURE HYATTSVILLE, MARYLAND 20782 POSTAGE AND FEES PAID U.S. DEPARTMENT OF AGRICULTURE AGR 101 OFFICIAL BUSINESS PENALTY FOR PRIVATE USE, $300 VOL. 22 No. 43 October 27, 1972 SB 323 CT Se Cooperative Economic — Insect Report Issued by PLANT PROTECTION AND QUARANTINE PROGRAMS ANIMAL AND PLANT HEALTH INSPECTION SERVICE U.S.DEPARTMENT OF AGRICULTURE ANIMAL AND PLANT HEALTH INSPECTION SERVICE PLANT PROTECTION AND QUARANTINE PROGRAMS PEST SURVEY AND TECHNICAL SUPPORT STAFF The Cooperative Economic Insect Report is issued weekly as a service to American Agriculture. Its contents are compiled from information supplied by cooperating State, Federal, and industrial entomologists and other agricultural workers. In releasing this material the Service serves as a Clearing house and does not assume responsibility for ac- curacy of the material. All reports and inquiries pertaining to this release, including the mailing list, should be sent to: CEIR Pest Survey and Technical Support Staff Plant Protection and Quarantine Programs Animal and Plant Health Inspection Service United States Department of Agriculture Federal Center Building Hyattsville, Maryland 20782 Volume 22 October 27, 1972 Number 43 COOPERATIVE ECONOMIC INSECT REPORT HIGHLIGHTS Current Conditions GREENBUG active in winter wheat in scattered areas of Nebraska; economic in few fields with controls applied. (p. 721). FALL ARMYWORM damaged small grains in some areas of Rolling Plains in Texas. Heavy on oats, wheat, and ryegrass combination pastures in scattered areas of Mississippi. (p. 722). TOBACCO BUDWORM caused first known heavy loss to cotton in Arkansas. (p. 723). HICKORY SHUCKWORM heavily damaged pecans in south-central Texas. BLACK PECAN APHID heavy on pecans along gulf coast of the State. (p. 724). SOUTHERN PINE BEETLE population expanding rapidly over Tusquittee Ranger District in southwestern North Carolina; also problem in other areas of State. (pp. 724-725). Special Reports Special Report on a Sap Beetle in California. (p. 728). Mediterranean Fruit Fly. Selected References 1960-1966. (pp. 729-734). Reports in this issue are for week ending October 20 unless otherwise indicated. - 719 - CONTENTS Special Insects of Regional Significance.......... Peper clo o. bo O° 721 Insects Affecting Corn, Sorghum, Sugarcane....721 Miscellaneous Field Crops.723 SMe IIL GaeAsOS 6 ¢sdoad000 wih RinW 22) 7 Cole Crops “28 1554.2 ie eee Turf, Pastures, Rangeland...722 Deciduous Fruits and Nuts.724 Forage Legumes......... S.eeef22 Small “Rruwits in. 245 724 IRAN oc ocooag 50000 Sapeuewss .../23 Forest and Shade Trees....724 COWWOMs66d6000 ecto ces jac we et2e Man and Animaillisse. ates SUD NOMBCCOs a dcccnacs0g00c0 0b 00006 123 BEMOLREIAIL WMSSCUSscconcdsogooocc boon KOnD DD OOD poo GoCOooG OKO OS 5 6 UAB) hederaly and) State Plant Protection Programs... cee 5 US lint@alniy .ANese) COLNGCULOMNS sco gccccodsob00b0ObKD ODDS SEO CoD OOO ON -.- (26 Hawaia: InSeet Report x o.scus costae sist ewe «001 «neue ls eneremen onsen Berersonac 6 U4 Special Report on asap) beetle an) (Cali fornilan ye iene nen iene Geo URS Mediterranean Fruit Fly. Selected References 1960-1966........729 WEATHER OF THE WEEK ENDING OCTOBER 23 Reprinted from Weekly Weather and Crop Bulletin supplied by Environmental Data Service, NOAA. PRECIPITATION: Scattered showers occurred over the northern and central Atlantic Coastal States and Tennessee River Valley early in week in advance of a cool front which was moving southeastward over the area. Snow flurries were seen along the lee shores of the Great Lakes. Cold air blowing across relatively warm waters picked } up moisture, dropped it when breezes reached the lee shores. Buffalo, New York, received 2 inches of snow Wednesday. Two inches of snow fell at Moline, Illinois, Wednesday also. Light rain also fell in the West while snow fell in some western mountains. Freezing drizzle slicked roads at Akron, Colorado, Wednesday afternoon. Heavy showers fell in some desert localities-—-1.83 inches at Phoenix, Arizona, and about 3.25 inches at Payson some 70 miles northeast of Phoenix. Many localities from the Atlantic to the Pacific and from the Great Lakes to the Gulf of Mexico received light showers Wednesday forenoon. Heavy rains fell over the central Great Plains late Saturday and early Sunday. One of the heaviest showers drenched McAlester, Oklahoma, with 6.25 inches Lighter rains also fell elsewhere over the eastern half of the Nation over the weekend. No rain fell during the week in southern Georgia and much of the Florida Peninsula. Only widely scattered light sprinkles occurred from northern Washington to the Red River of the North. TEMPERATURE: A mass of cold artic air blustered into the North Central States from Canada early in the week. Southwesterly winds preceded the front which marked the leading edge of cold air. They ~ brought summer weather from the South. Numerous cities in advance of the front had never seen such warm weather so late in the season. Some examples were: Wichita Falls, Texas, 102 degrees Tuesday; Oklahoma City, Oklahoma, 96 degrees Tuesday; Jacksonville,’ Florida, 89 degrees Wednesday. Northwesterly winds followed the front. Weather of the week continued on page 726. - 720 - SPECIAL INSECTS OF REGIONAL SIGNIFICANCE ARMYWORM (Pseudaletia unipuncta) - TENNESSEE - Continued to damage newly seeded sod in central area. To date most damage light and isolated. (Gordon). CORN LEAF APHID (Rhopalosiphum maidis) - OKLAHOMA - Ranged 2-6 per linear foot in wheat in Texas County. Very light in Cimarron Couminye (Oklas Coops. Sue) - GREENBUG (Schizaphis graminum) - NEW MEXICO - Ranged O-5 per linear foot on wheat in Curry and Roosevelt Counties. (N.M. Coop. Rpt.). OKLAHOMA - Destroyed about half of 35-acre small grain field in Cimarron County. Ranged 7-21 per linear foot in 5 fields in Texas and Cimarron Counties. Light in Roger Mills and Tillman Counties. (Okla. Coop. Sur.). KANSAS - Averaged 5 per drill row foot in field of early wheat in Bourbon County, 4 per row foot in field in Cherokee County. Trace infestations found in Linn, Greenwood, Chautauqua, Sumner, and Harper Counties. (Bell). NEBRASKA - Active in winter wheat in scattered areas. Economic in few fields, controls applied. Counts indicate most fields should be watched. Counts 2,000+ per row foot near one end of 160-acre field in Box Butte County; about 3 percent of stand killed. Damage severe in 20-acre field in Polk County, with 50 percent of stand killed. Up to 500 S. graminum and 100 Rhopalosiphum fitchii (apple grain aphid) per row foot in this field. S. graminum ranged trace to 10 and R. fitchii up to 25 per row foot in Hamilton, Fillmore, and Clay Counties; no damage visible in these counties. Parasitism by Lysiphlebus testaceipes (a braconid wasp) less than 5 percent in most fields. Only occasional Hippodamia convergens (convergent lady beetle) observed. (Peters). S. graminum noted in 6 of 21 winter wheat fields surveyed in Lincoln, Keith, and Perkins Counties. Numbers generally light; heaviest count, 30 per row foot. (Campbell). Infestations spotted in Otoe County. (Peterson, Roselle). SPOTTED ALFALFA APHID (Therioaphis maculata) - NEVADA - Ranged 4-10 per sweep in older alfalfa seed fields in Dixie Valley, Pershing County. (Stitt, Oct. 13). ARIZONA - Counts of 4,000 per 100 sweeps taken in one alfalfa field at Gila Valley, Yuma County. (Ariz. Coop. Sur.). KANSAS - Averaged 35 per 10 sweeps in field of 12-inch alfalfa in Bourbon County, 5 per 10 sweeps in field of 4-inch alfalfa in Crawford County. (Bell). ARKANSAS - Light, ranged 100-150 per 100 sweeps, in Washington County alfalfa. Survey negative in these fields past several weeks. (Boyer). CORN, SORGHUM, SUGARCANE SOUTHWESTERN CORN BORER (Diatraea grandiosella) - ILLINOIS - Found in 70 percent of fields surveyed in Alexander and Pulaski Counties; averaged 16.8 larvae per 100 plants. (I11. Ins. Rpt.). OKLAHOMA - Infestation ranged 1-25 percent in 9 cornfields in Texas County, 2-10 percent in 4 fields in Cimarron County, and 1 percent in Beaver County field. Larvae ranged 50-100 percent immaculate in Texas County. (Okla. Coop. Sur.). SORGHUM WEBWORM (Celama sorghiella) - KANSAS - Heavy in late sorghum field in Linn County; larvae, all stages, averaged 19 per head. Light, up to one larva per head, in late sorghum in Crawford, Cherokee, Labette, and Montgomery Counties. (Bell). - 721 - FALL ARMYWORM (Spodoptera frugiperda) - KANSAS -— Second and third instars infested about 5 percent of whorls of 12-inch volunteer corn in Cherokee County; trace seen in whorls of 15-inch second- growth forage sorghum in Bourbon County. (Bell). CORN ROOTWORMS (Diabrotica spp.) - IOWA - Statewide survey indicated lodging decreased from 4.97 percent in 1971 to 1.58 percent in 1972. (Iowa Ins. Sur.). SORGHUM MIDGE (Contarinia sorghicola) - KANSAS - Heavy damage to seed heads of late sorghum in Linn, Crawford, Labette, and Montgomery Counties. (Bell). SMALL GRAINS FALL ARMYWORM (Spodoptera frugiperda) - TEXAS - Moderate to heavy infestations damaged small grains in some areas of Haskell, Young, Fisher, and Foard Counties of Rolling Plains. Heaviest damage to small grains planted for grazing. Light in Archer County. (Boring). OKLAHOMA - Light on small grain in Pawnee and Roger Mills Counties, light to moderate in Pontotoc, Tillman, and McCurtain Counties. (Okla. Coop. Sur.). LESSER CORNSTALK BORER (Elasmopalpus lignosellus) - OKLAHOMA - Caused 15-20 percent loss of stand in small grain fields in Carter County; larvae ranged 3-4 per linear row foot in spotted areas. @kilasCoope sur»). TURF, PASTURES, RANGELAND SAGEBRUSH DEFOLIATOR (Aroga websteri) - UTAH - Infestation and damage ranged from very light to severe in northern and central range areas. Moderate in Cache, Davis, and Weber Counties, some infestations severe in northern Box Elder County. (Knowlton). FALL ARMYWORM (Spodoptera frugiperda) - MISSISSIPPI - Heavy on oats, wheat, and ryegrass combination pastures in Amite, Clay, and Madison Counties. Controls applied. (Robinson). LESSER CORNSTALK BORER (Elasmopalpus lignosellus) - TEXAS - Caused loss of stand to wheat and rye pastures in Wilbarger and Wichita Counties. (Boring). FORAGE LEGUMES ALFALFA CATERPILLAR (Colias eurytheme) - NEVADA - Young larvae averaged 1 per plant in seedling alfalfa in Dixie Valley, Pershing County. (Stitt, Oct. 13). ARIZONA - Controls applied to alfalfa at Safford, Graham County. (Ariz. Coop. Sur.). NEW MEXICO - Larvae light, 5-10 per 25 sweeps, on alfalfa at Hobbs and Lovington, Lea Counity .) (aie Coop. Rpt.) GREEN CLOVERWORM (Plathypena scabra) - KANSAS - Larvae, all stages, averaged 22 per 10 Sweeps in 14-inch alfalfa in Riley County. This pest, along with Colias eurytheme (alfalfa caterpillar), Caenurgina erechtea (forage looper), and Heliothis zea (corn ear- worm) caused about 15 percent defoliation. (Bell). OKLAHOMA - Heavy on alfalfa in Washita, Beckham, Caddo, and Custer Counties. (Okla. Coop. Sur.). - 722 - ALFALFA WEEVIL (Hypera postica) - WISCONSIN - Larvae ranged 3-7 per 25 sweeps in some northern Dane County fields and one Sauk County field. No adults seen. (Wis. Ins. Sur.). MISSOURI - Adults ranged 3-31 per 10 sweeps in central area alfalfa. Light popula- tions of small larvae seen in most fields checked. (Munson). NEW MEXICO - Light in alfalfa at Belen and Los Lunas, Valencia County. (N.M. Coop. Rpt.). PEA APHID (Acyrthosiphon pisum) - WISCONSIN - Populations stable, averaged 12 per sweep in southwestern and southern counties. Reproduction slowed as have predator and parasite activity. (Wis. ins. Sur. ),. MEADOW SPITTLEBUG (Philaenus spumarius) - KENTUCKY - Averaged 20 per 100 sweeps on alfalfa checked in Meade County. (Barnett). PEANUTS REDNECKED PEANUTWORM (Stegasta bosqueella) - NEW MEXICO - Infested 80 percent of peanut terminals at Portales, Roosevelt County. (N.M. Coop. Rpt.). COTTON TOBACCO BUDWORM (Heliothis virescens) - ARKANSAS - About 400 acres of cotton plowed under in Chicot County. This is first known case of such heavy loss to this pest in State. Up to 40,000 larvae per acre Seen in some fields. Insecticide treatments gave little control. (Boyer). COTTON LEAFPERFORATOR (Bucculatrix thurberiella) - TEXAS - Caused light damage to cotton in Dickens, Kent, and Wichita Counties. (Jordan et al.). OKLAHOMA - Heavy in Caddo and Bryan Counties. (Okla. Coop. Sur.). TOBACCO TOBACCO MOTH (Ephestia elutella) - NORTH CAROLINA - Larval popula- tion increased in some curing barns and pack houses in Harnett, Wilson, and Wayne Counties. (Hunt). MISCELLANEOUS FIELD CROPS PYRALID MOTHS (Pyrausta spp.) - OREGON - Preliminary survey of mint plantings in Pineville area, Crook County, revealed no larvae or damage. Further surveys in mint-producing areas in central part of State anticipated. (Penrose). See CEIR 22(41):695 for first report of these new pests of mint in Oregon. (PP). COLE CROPS CABBAGE LOOPER (Trichoplusia ni) - OREGON - First significant larval counts noted in 0.5-acre test plot of broccoli, cauliflower, and cabbage near Cornelius, Washington County. Averaged one larva per 3 cabbage plants. (Collins, Oct. 13). ARIZONA - Controls applied to lettuce at Salt River Valley, Maricopa County. (Ariz. Coop. Sur.). - 723 - CABBAGE APHID (Brevicoryne brassicae) - OREGON - Alates and non- winged forms heavy on 0.5-acre test plot of broccoli, cabbage, and cauliflower near Cornelius, Washington County. On broccoli, aphids ranged 50-100 per terminal (plants have gone to seed); on cabbage and cauliflower, 10-15 colonies per plant with 10-20 aphids per colony. (Colmans SOC tls) DECIDUOUS FRUITS AND NUTS PEACHTREE BORER (Sanninoidea exitiosa) - OKLAHOMA - Moderate on peach and plum trees in Oklahoma County. (Okla. Coop. Sur.). ORIENTAL FRUIT MOTH (Grapholitha molesta) - WASHINGTON - Males still active; totals of 160 and 205 taken in pheromone traps at 2 locations near Sawyer, Yakima County, week ending October 5. (Eves). WOOLLY APPLE APHID (Eriosoma lanigerum) - NEVADA - Heavy on apple nursery stock in Las Vegas, Clark County. (Hoff et al.). SAN JOSE SCALE (Quadraspidiotus perniciosus) - OREGON - Very heavy buildup apparent in cherry orchards in Wasco County; cause not determined. (Thienes, Oct. 13). HICKORY SHUCKWORM (Laspeyresia caryana) - TEXAS - Heavily damaged pecans in several south-central area counties. Heaviest in Guadalupe, Gonzales and,De Witt Counties. (Cole). MISSISSIPPI - Up to 5 larvae per fallen nut found under several yard pecan trees in Oktibbeha County. (Robinson). FALL WEBWORM (Hyphantria cunea) - NEW MEXICO - Pecan trees heavily damaged or completely defoliated in Dona Ana County. (N.M. Coop. Rpt.). TEXAS - Decreased on pecans in Goliad County. (Cole). WALNUT CATERPILLAR (Datana integerrima) - TEXAS - Increased on pecans in De Witt County, some trees stripped for third time this season. (Cole). BLACK PECAN APHID (Tinocallis caryaefoliae) - TEXAS - Heavy in areas along gulf coast and in Caldwell County of south-central area. Some leaf damage and defoliation occurred. (Green). SMALL FRUITS RASPBERRY CROWN BORER (Bembecia marginata) - OREGON - Random sample of 18-acre field of red raspberry near Banks, Washington County, showed about 50 percent of plants infested with 1+ larvae. (GolliMS, OSs WS) < WESTERN GRAPELEAF SKELETONIZER (Harrisina brillians) - NEVADA - Larvae heavy on graps and Virginia creeper in Las Vegas area, Clark County. (Bechtel). FOREST AND SHADE TREES SOUTHERN PINE BEETLE (Dendroctonus frontalis) - NORTH CAROLINA - Increased over Tusquittee Ranger District in Cherokee and Clay Counties. Population expanding rapidly. Survey revealed 60+ new - 724 - spot infestations. Also problem in Randolph, Surry, Davie, Davidson, and Stanly Counties. (Hunt). ALABAMA - Established infestation killed 100+ Virginia pines along main highway near top of Cheaha Mountain State Park in Cleburne County. Recently emerged adults seen. (McQueen). WHITE PINE APHID (Cinara strobi) - SOUTH CAROLINA —- Populations increased in white pine plantations in Piedmont area. (Fox). VARIABLE OAKLEAF CATERPILLAR (Heterocampa manteo) - OKLAHOMA - Heavy populations defoliated trees in Pontotoc and McCurtain Bounties. (Okla. Coop. Sur.) . OBSCURE SCALE (Melanaspis obscura) - KANSAS - Heavy on bur oaks near Wichita, Sedgwick County. Overwintering nymphs averaged 400+ per square inch, many twigs and branches dead. (Bell). MAN AND ANIMALS SCREWWORM (Cochliomyia hominivorax) - Total of 3,725 confirmed cases reported in continental U.S. during period October 8-14 as follows: Texas 3,501; New Mexico 53; Arizona 101; California 1; Oklahoma 66; Kansas 3. There have been no further cases found in the Southeastern States since initial finds of one case each in Alabama, Florida, and Georgia reported in CEIR 22(41):697. Total of 554 cases reported from Mexico. Number of sterile flies released in U.S. October 8-14 totaled 148,314,000 as follows: Texas 122,424,000; New Mexico 5,922,000; Arizona 13,718,000; California 850,000; Florida 4,200,000; Alabama 200,000; Georgia 1,000,000. Total of 24,550,000 sterile flies released in Mexico. (Anim. Health). HORN FLY (Haematobia irritans) - OKLAHOMA - Heavy on cattle in Choctaw, Pawnee, and Comanche Counties. Moderate in Pontotoc, McCurtain, Garfield, and Payne Counties. (Okla. Coop. Sur.). BENEFICIAL INSECTS AN ENCYRTID WASP (Ooencyrtus kuwanai) -— OHIO - Total of 10,000 specimens of this egg parasite of Porthetria dispar (gypsy moth) released in immediate area of Auglaize County where male moth previously trapped. (PP). FEDERAL AND STATE PLANT PROTECTION PROGRAMS GRASSHOPPERS - TEXAS —- Heavily damaged oats and other small grains planted for grazing in Archer County. (Boring). NEW MEXICO - Heavy on rangeland at Vaughn, Guadalupe County. (N.M. Coop. Rpt.). OREGON - Fall adult surveys show total of 2,284,960 acres of range- land infested in 9 eastern counties. (Penrose). GYPSY MOTH (Porthetria dispar) - MICHIGAN - Trapped in Freemont Township, Isabella County, September 12; Big Rapids Township, Mecosta County, September 22; and in Bay City State Park, Bay County, September 22. These are first times collected in these counties. Also, first collections since declared eradicated in Calhoun County in 1969. Specimens from Isabella and Bay Counties : : determined by E.L. Todd. Specimen from Mecosta County determined by D.C. Ferguson. (PP). OHIO - See "AN ENCYRTID WASP" under BENEFICIAL INSECTS above. - 725 - PINK BOLLWORM (Pectinophora gossypiella) - ARIZONA - Active in. late top crop cotton at Maricopa, Pinal, Graham, and Yuma Counties. (Ariz. Coop. Sur.). NEW MEXICO - Green cotton boll checks ranged 4-44 percent infested around Las Cruces, Dona Ana County. Most larvae very young. (N.M. Coop. Rpt.). OKLAHOMA - Infested green cotton bolls in Bryan and Kiowa Counties. (Okla. Coop. Sur.). RANGE CATERPILLAR (Hemileuca oliviae) - NEW MEXICO —- Adult found on range grass at Clayton, Union County. No egg masses found. (NEMS CoopemRpiteoie LIGHT TRAP COLLECTIONS FLORIDA - Gainesville, 10/13-19, BL - Armyworm (Pseudaletia unipuncta) 7, beet armyworm (Spodoptera exigua) 66, black cutworm (Agrotis ipsilon) 3, corn earworm (Heliothis zea) 8, fall army- worm (Spodoptera frugiperda) 11, granulate cutworm (Feltia sub-. terranea) 3, tobacco budworm (Heliothis virescens) 2. MISSISSIPPI - Stoneville, 10/13-19, 2 BL, 60-90 degrees F., pre- cipitation 0.12 —- Armyworm 100, beet armyworm 1,532, black cutworm 38, cabbage looper (Trichoplusia ni) 2, corn earworm 135, fall armyworm 129, granulate cutworm 133, saltmarsh caterpillar (Estigmene acrea) 1, tobacco budworm 21. NEW HAMPSHIRE - Lee, 10/15, BL - Armyworm 1. PENNSYLVANIA - (District) - Central, 10/5-16, BL - Armyworm 6, black cutworm 3, variegated cutworm (Peridroma saucia) 2. South- east, 10/5-16, BL - Armyworm 2, black cutworm 6, variegated cut- worm 1, yellowstriped armyworm (Spodoptera ornithogalli) 4. South- west, 10/5-16, BL - Armyworm 15, black cutworm 18, corn earworm 5, variegated cutworm 7, yellowstriped armyworm 4, TEXAS - Waco, 10/16-20, BL - Armyworm 63, beet armyworm 36, black cutworm 10, cabbage looper 40, fall armyworm 41, granulate cut- worm 63, variegated cutworm 71, yellowstriped armyworm 24, WISCONSIN - Lancaster, 10/16-20, BL - Armyworm 3. Weather of the week continued from page 720. They Sharpened the bite in the cold air. Williston, North Dakota, registered 5 degrees above zero Wednesday morning. By late Thursday, the front had marched off the Atlantic and gulf coasts. A large High covered the eastern half of the Nation. Only the Florida Peninsula lay in warm air. Sub-freezing weather reached Tennessee and North Carolina. Many eastern localities recorded lower temperatures than had occurred any previous October. A large area from the northern and central Great Plains to the northern and middle Atlantic coast averaged 9 degrees to 15 degrees colder than normal. - 726 - HAWAII INSECT REPORT Turf and Pasture —- GRASS WEBWORM (Herpetogramma licarsisalis) generally trace in 20 acres of pasture at Haiku, Maui; up to 8 (average less than 1) larvae per square foot in isolated pockets of Kikuyu grass. Pupae trace in pockets of light larval popula- tions; larval parasitism may be a factor. Larvae collected and held for assessment. (Miyahira). General Vegetables - ONION THRIPS (Thrips tabaci) nymphs and adults heavy in about one acre of bulb onions at Pulehu, Maui. Larval mines of LEAFMINER FLIES (Liriomyza spp.) ranged light to moderate on older leaves in 0.5 acre of snap beans and 3 acres of tomato at Pulehu, Maui; adults light and moderate respectively. Routine spray program followed in both plantings. (Miyahira). Forest and Shade Trees - Chemical eradication efforts and extensive district surveys for a EURASIAN PINE APHID (Pineus pini) continued on Maui. Since inception of suppression project in July 1971, 22 residential infestations found after about 25 percent of island land-use districts surveyed. All infestations appear under control; no indication of spread from original introductions. Curinus coerulus (a lady beetle) observed avidly preying on nymphs and adults of P. pini at one residence. Light infestation of P. pini found on Tess than one percent of 3 , 000+ potted Pinus spp. at nursery at Waikoloa, Hawaii; first report of this pest from this locality. Biological control continued with release of 357 adults of Leucopis nigraluna, a chamaemyiid fly, larvae are predaceous on aphids, scale insects, and mealybugs. Releases made on Parker Ranch. Recovery attempts to confirm establishment of L. nigraluna negative to date. Extensive search for P. pini on Kauai continued negative. Latest surveys- conducted in Hanalei and Kawaihau districts. (Miyahira et al.). A PSYLLID (Psylla uncatoides) trace at Makaha, Kumuwela, and Kalalau in Kokee, Kauai. However, the koa rust, Uromyces koae (a fungus) spores of which are supposedly distributed by P. uncatoides, conpicuous on terminals and juvenile lateral growths of native Acacia koa trees. Light numbers of nymphs and occasional adult observed in Wahiawa and Palolo Forest Reserves on Oahu. Nymphs averaged 10 per foot-long koa terminal at Wahiawa and 5 at Palolo. No evidence of koa rust in either locality. (Sugawa, Kashiwai). Man and Animals - Mosquito collections during September from 58 light traps operated on Oahu totaled 94 Aedes vexans nocturnus and 2,741 Culex pipiens quinquefasciatus. Aedes catches ranged 0-42 at Kahaluu. Culex catches ranged 0-621 at Waipahu. (Mosq. Control Br., State Dept. of Health). Beneficial Insects - Adults of a MARSH FLY (Sepedon sauteri) “Moderate in Swampy areas at Kalaupapa, Molokai, during late September. Although 100 specimens of another marsh fly, Sepedon nm. sp., released in July 1972 in this area, no releases of S. -sauteri made on Molokai. Recovery of Sepedon n. sp. on Molokai hegative to date. (Miyahira). Nymphs and adults of a TINGID BUG (Leptobyrsa decora) heavy on roadside lantana at Ulupalakua, Maui; about 80 percent of leaves showed feeding signs. During September, Becciuens collected and introduced to a lantana infested area at _Puleku. Pronounced girdling of lantana branches by LANTANA ' CERAMBYCID (Plagiohammus spinipennis) noted about 0.5 mile from B decora activity area. Initial P. spinipennis releases made at his Site in April 1972. (Miyahira). - 727 - SPECIAL REPORT ON A SAP BEETLE IN CALIFORNIA Conotelus mexicanus is currently a pest with an adverse environ- mental impact in California. This nitidulid beetle, which has been present in the desert areas south of the Tehachapi Mountains for many years, adapted to the San Joaquin Valley about 1968 when specimens were collected from cotton blooms in Kern County. It is now known to occur as far north as Fresno County. In Kern County it has appeared during September and October, then disappeared. In 1972, for the first time, populations exploded. Flower growers complained that the adults damaged the light colored blooms by feeding on the petals. Investigation has shown much damage to chrysanthemums, carnations, zZinnias, dahlias, and roses. Rose buds and open blooms contained up to 400-500 béetles per bloom. Dooryard roses also were damaged and when bouquets were taken into homes, flying beetles filled the room. Beetles occur in shaded areas but readily leave the host when exposed to sunlight. State entomologists G. Okumura, A. Gilbert, and R. Hawthorne observed the damage status of this sap beetle which included cauliflower fields. Large numbers of beetles Swarmed over and in the cauliflower curds. Feeding on immature curds was observed. Additional damage was observed on blooms of string beans, lima beans, squash, peppers, and tomatoes. One late patch of corn was 100 percent barren. Earlier corn in the immediate area was full kerneled. Silks on the late corn were cut off at the tip and beetles were present on the stubs. The early corn had full silks which had dried. The limited cut flower industry in Kern County is threatened, and the potential pest status of this sap beetle on commercial crops, such as cauliflower and corn, can have a serious impact. Other hosts may be involved. Little is known of the life history of this species, especially the larval stage. The very large numbers that are occurring indicate very favorable breeding conditions. To date, chemical control has not been very effective. (J.H. Black). 723 MEDITERRANEAN FRUIT FLY Ceratitis capitata (Wiedemann) Selected References 1960-1966 Copies of this bibliography are available from Pest Survey and Technical Support Staff. Akamine, E. K. and Shoji, K. 1960. Tolerance of tomatoes to methyl bromide fumigation. Hawaii Agr. Expt. Sta. Tech. Prog. Rpt. 124. 7 pp. Arrieta Mateos, D. L., Terrazas Loyola, J., and Jimenez Jimenez, E. 1961. Mediterranean fruit fly (Ceratitis capitata Wied.) in Central America--actual situation in Nicaragua and pos- Sibilities of eradication. Fitofilo 14(32):29-38. In Sp. Baas, J. 1960. Die Mittelmeerfruchtfliege in Hessen-Nassau in Jahre 1959. Gesunde Pflanzen 12(5):106-108, 110. Baas, J. 1960. Die Mittelmeerfruchtfliege in Zitronen. Gesunde Pflanzen 12(4):72-74. Berg, G. H. 1960. Occurrence of Mediterranean fruit fly. FAO Plant Protect. Bul. 8(5):58-59. In the most important coffee producing area of Nicaragua. Beroza, M. and Coauthors. 1961. New attractants for the Mediter- ranean fruit fly. J. Agr. and Food Chem. 9(5):361-365. Bess, H. A., van den Bosch, R., and Haramoto, F. H. 1960. Fruit fly parasites and their activities in Hawaii. Hawaiian Ent. Soe. Proc. 17(3):367-368. Pub. 1961. Bohm, H. 1960. Die Mittelmeerfruchtfliege in Jahre 1959. Pflanzenarzt 13(1):3-4. Cardosa Raimundo, A. and Roda Santos, M. L. 1965. Insect control. I. Labeling the fruit-fly (C. capitata) with radioactive phosphorus for the sterile-male method. Garcia de Orta 13(3) :351-358. In Ital., Fr. and Engl. Sum., detachable sum. in Por. and Engl. Chancogne, M., Court, D., Cantuel, J., and Destruel, C. 1960. Tests of compounds against Ceratitis capitata W. in pear and peach orchards. Phytiatrie-Phytopharm. 9(4) :227-232. In Fr. ‘Chiozza, J. P. 1962. The Mediterranean fruit fly. Frutas 3(34/35): 2S LM SO. Cowperthwaite, W. G. 1962. The Medfly strikes the third time. Fla. State Hort. Soc. Proc. 75:19-20. Pub. 1963. Delanoue, P. 1961. Artificial permanent breeding of Opius concolor Szepl., parasite of Dacus oleae Gmel. on Ceratitis capitata Wied. Inform. Oleicoles Internatl. (n.s.) 15:17-28. In Fr. 7 | 4 4 | - 729 = Docavo Alberti, I. 1960. La mosea de las frutas (Ceratitis capitata Wiedemann). Soc. Espan. de Hist. Nat. Bol. Secc. Biol. 58(1):105-134. 18 figs. El-Sawy, S. E., Maher Ali, A., Faris, F. M., and Ezzat, M. A. 1964. Role of soil insecticides in reducing fruit-fly infes- tation. Soc. Ent. Egypte Bul. 48:159-162. Pub. 1965. Fandino, D., Ogloblin, A., and Mallo, R. G. 1965. Neuvo cebo alimenticio y atractivo para la ‘'mosca del Mediterraneo”. Rev. Invest. Agropecuar. Ser. 5, Pat. Veg. 2(5):33-40. Engl. Sum. New feed and attractant for the Mediterranean fruit fly. Yeast extracts studied for Ceratitis capitata Fandino, D. S., Turica, A., and Mallo, R. 1961. Attractives for the "Mediterranean fruit fly.” IDIA 161:30-35. In Sp. FAO Plant Protection Bulletin. 1965. Control of Mediterranean fruit fly in Central America. FAO Plant Protect. Bul. 13(2): 47-48. Sterilization of flies with gamma rays. Feron, M. 1960. Bipotentialité de comportement male et femelle chez un insecte, Ceratitis capitata Wied. (Dipt. Trypetidae). Acad. des Sci. Compt. Rend. 250(11) :2067-2069. Feron, M. 1962. Reproductive instinct in the Mediterranean fruit fruitfly Ceratitis capitata Wied. (Dip. Trypetidae): sexual behavior--oviposSition behavior. Rev. de Path. Veg. et d'Ent. Agr. de France 41(1/2):1-78, 79-129. In Fr. Feron, M. 1966. Sterilization of the Mediterranean fruit fly, Ceratitis capitata Wied, by irradiation of the pupa with gamma rays. Ann. Epiphyt. 17(2):229-239. In Fr. Ferrari, R. 1966. Presence and activity of the fruit-fly (Ceratitis capitata Wied.) in the Bologna district. Bol. Oss. Mal. Piante Bologna 1:65-82. In Ital. Ferro, A. 1962, Ceratitis capitata Wied., fruit fly. Agr. Napoletana 29(10) :29-37. In Ital. Guagliumi, P. and Requena, J. R. 1962. Situacion actual de la "mosca del Mediterraneo," Ceratitis capitata (Wied.) en Venezuela. Jornadas Agron. Trab. 3rd. Cong. (Paper 79). 4 pp., Map. Hubert, F. P. 1960. A review of treatments of citrus fruits for control of Mediterranean fruit fly. FAO Plant Protect. Bul. 9(3) :33-36. International Conference on Mediterranean Fruit Fly and San Jose Seale. 1963. Ceratitis capitata Wied. Quadraspidiotus perniciosus (Comst.). Eur. and Mediterr. Plant Protect. Organ. 104 pp. Paris. - 730 - Jimenez, E. J. and Camplis, J. V. 1965. Importance of the program of prevention and detection of Mediterranean fruit fly (Ceratitis capitata Wied.) in Mexico. Fitofilo 18(48) :21-27. Map. in Sp. Jones, H. L. 1960. Operation Medfly. Amer. Fruit Grower 80(2) :23, 66, 68. Kovacevic, Z. 1960. Mittelmeerfruchtfliege - Ceratitis capitata Wied., als okologisches Problem. Agron. Glasnik 10(4):161- 171. In Serb., Ger. Sum. Kuitert, L. C. 1962. Mediterranean fruit fly control. In fertile lands of friendship. 312 pp. (Edited by Alleger, D. E.). pp. 283-297. Lemaistre, J. 1960. Progres recents de la lutte contre la ceratite (Ceratitis capitata Wied) dans les plantations d'agrumes et autres arbres fruitiers (revue bibliographique). Fruits 15(2):73-76. A Lhoste, J. and Roche, A. 1960. Organes odoriférants des males de Ceratitis capitata. Soc. Ent. de France Bul. 65(7/8) :206-210. Machado Cazorla, E. 1960. Estudio de la mosca de la fruta y métodos para su control en el Valle de Huanuco. Agronomia 27(2):144-152. Maher Ali, A. 1964. A new era in the control of the Mediterranean fruit-fly. Soc. Ent. Egypte Bul. 48:155-157. Pub. 1965. Mart inez-Beringola, M. L. 1966. The influence of larval density on the duration of development of C. capitata II. Roy. Soc. Esp. Hist. Nat. Bul. (Biol.) 64:351-360. In Sp., Engl. Sum. Martins, E. T. B. 1962. Enemies of cultivated plants: the fruit fly Ceratitis capitata Wied. Gaz. Agr. de Angola 6(8) :439- 440. In Por. Mayer, K. 1960. Behavior studies of the Mediterranean fruit fly, Ceratitis capitata Wied. Internatl. Cong. Ent. Trans. 11th Cong., v.2(sect. 7/14) :80-83. In Ger. Pub. 1962. Mayer, K. 1960. Ceratitis in Mitteleuropa. Gesunde Pflanzen 12(8) :169-173. McGovern, T. P. and Coauthors. 1966. Volatility and attractiveness to the Mediterranean fruit fly of trimedlure and its isomers, and a comparison of its volatility with that of seven other insect attractants. J. Econ. Ent. 59(6):1450-1455. Mellado, L., Caballero, F., Arroyo, M., and Jiménez, A. 1966. Tests on the eradication of C. capitata from the Island of Tenerife by the sterile-male technique. Bol. Pat. Veg. Ent. Agr. 29:89-117. In Sp. Milaire, H. 1960. Evolution et degats de la mouche Mediter- ranéenne des fruits en France en 1959. Phytoma 12(118) :21-23. —- 731 = Milaire, H. 1960. La mouche méditerraneenne des fruits, en 1959, dans la circonscription de Lyon et les nouvelles possibil- ités de lutte. III. Pomol. Franc. (n.s.) 2(7):17-20. Mitchell, S., Tanaka, N., and Steiner, L. F. 1965. Methods of mass culturing melon flies and oriental and Mediterranean fruit j flies. U.S. Dept. Agr. ARS 33-104. 22 pp. Moiseeva, Z. 1966. The Mediterranean fruit-fly. Zashch. Rast. 1966. 9:35-36. In Rus. Monastero, S. and Genduso, P. 1962. Biological control of the olive fly (possibility of rearing and diffusion of Opius found in Sicily). Palermo Univ. Ist. di Ent. Agr. pp. 31-51. lye Miveilo, lel, Swlin, | Opius concolor siculus reared on Ceratitis capitata Mourikis, P. A. 1965. Data concerning the development of the immature stages of the Mediterranean fruit fly (Ceratitis capitata (Wiedemann)) (Diptera: Trypetidae) on different host-fruits and on artificial media under laboratory conditions. Inst. Phytopathol. Benaki. Ann. (n.s.) 7(2):61- 105. Fruit juices for their nutrition. Myburgh, A. C. 1961. Studies on toxicants in bait Sprays against fruit flies. (Scientific Note) Ent. Soc. South. Africa J. 24(2) :345-347. Myburgh, A. C. 1963. Diurnal rhythms in emergence of mature larvae| from fruit and eclosion of adult Pterandrus rosa (Ksh.) and | Ceratitis capitata (Wied.). So. African J. Agr. Sci. 6(1) :41-| 46. | Nucifora, A. 1960. Control experiments against the Mediterranean fruit fly (Ceratitis capitata Wied.) carried out in 1956- 1958 by S-/(methylcarbamyl) methyl/ o.o-dimethyldithiophos- phate and S-/(isopropylcarbamy1) methyl/ o.o-dimethyldithio- phosphate. Ann. della Sper. Agr. 14(3, sup.) :CXLVII-CLXXII. In Ital., Engl. Sum. Nucifora, A. 1960. Positive effects of covering "Elberta" peaches with paper bags for protection against infestation by fruit fly (Ceratitis capitata Wied.). Tec. Agr. 12(4):448-453. In Ital. Nucifora, A. 1960. Residual action of "Rogor’’ in control of fruit | fly in the adult sittage. Tec. Agr. 12\(2))s lal i777 inset Engl. Sum. Nucifora, A. and Barbagallo, S. 1966. The use of Rogor in the protection of late-ripening peaches from C. capitata. Tec. Aor (Catania) Asi) i>. sin ital) ohne: ery sume Organismo Internacional Regional De Sanidad Agropecuaria. 1961. Five years of work of the OIRSA. Organismo Internacional Regional De Sanidad Agropecuaria. 32 pp. In Sp. Managua, Nicaragua - 732 - Orihuela, A. 1960. La mosca mediterranea de la fruta. Agr. Venezol. 24(220):13-16. Orlando, Ay; Sampaio, Al S., Rigitano, O., and Bitran, E. A. 1965. Studies on the influence of stickers in Fenthion powders for the control of "fruit flies" of peach. Biologico 31(7):125- 132. In Por., Engl. Sum. Paglietta, R. 1961. "Ceratitis capitata™ an undeSirable guest of our fruit trees. Colt e Gior. Vinic. Ital. 107(9) :284-286. In Ital. Peleg, B. A. and Rhode, R. H. 1967. New methods in mass rearing of the Mediterranean fruit fly in Costa Rica. J. Econ. Ent. 60(5) :1460-1461. Quintanilla, R. H. 1965. Behavior of various Substances as attractants of the "Mediterranean fruit fly" (Ceratitis capitata). Buenos Aires. Univ. Fac. Agron. Vet. Rev. 16(1): 3-16. In Sp., Engl. Sum. Pub. 1965. Ruffinelli, A. 1963. Las moscas de las frutas (Ceratitis capitata y Anastrepha fraterculus). Uruguay Dir. de Agron. Pub. 109. 6 pp. Ruffinelli, A., Orlando, A., and Biggi, E. 1960. Further experi- ments with attractants for fruit-flies-Ceratitis capitata (Wied.) and Anastrepha mombinpraeoptans Sein. Sao Paulo Inst. Biol. Arq. 27:1-10. In Por., Engl. Sum. Sanders, W. 1962. The behavior of the Mediterranean fruit fly Ceratitis capitata Wied. during oviposition. Z. f. Tierpsychol. I9(1):1-28. In Ger., Engl. Sun. Shedley, D. 1960. Insect pests. Fruit fly control with Rogor 40 and Lebaycid (a progress report). West. Austral. Dept. Agr. J. Ser. 4 1(11) :973-974. Shedley, D. G. 1961. New recommendations for fruit fly control. West. Austral. Dept. Agr. J. Ser. 4, 2(10) :793-795. Ze Simunic, I. 1960. Comparative investigations of attractive means (baits) for Mediterranean fruit fly (Ceratitis capitata Wied.). Zastita Bilja 62:49-59. In Serb., Engl. Sum. Steiner, L. F., Rohwer, G. G., Ayers, E. L., and Christenson, L. D. 1961. The role of attractants in the recent Mediter- ranean fruit fly eradication program in Florida. J. Econ. Ent. 54(1):30-35. Stephenson, B. C. and McClung, B. B. 1966. Mediterranean fruit fly eradication in the Lower Rio Grande Valley. Ent. Soc. Amer. Bul. 12(4) :374. U.S. Agricultural Research Service, Plant Pest Control Division. 1966. Mediterranean fruit fly; Formosan Subterranean termite. FAO Plant Protect. Bul. 14(4):90 Outbreaks in Texas and LouiSiana, respectively. - 733 - Vergani, A. R. and Valsangiacomo, F. J. 1961. Experiment with attractants for the Mediterranean fruit fly. IDIA Sup. 6:105-109. In Sp. Yaman, I. K. A. 1966. Annual population fluctuations of Ceratitis capitata Wied. in Jordan. Anz. Schadlingskunde 39(9):136-140. Map. In Ger. U.S. Dept. Agr. Prepared by Pest Survey and Coop. Econ. Ins. Rpt. Technical Support Staff 22(43) :729-734, 1972 - 734 - U.S. DEPARTMENT OF AGRICULTURE HYATTSVILLE, MARYLAND 20782 SEGA SE AMS SEES BRIS 0004 SMINLISMIA122 34037 0001 SMITHSONIAN INSTITUTION LIBR— ARTES SMITHSONIAN INST WASHINGTON DC 20560 VOL. 22 No. 44 November 3. 1972 Cooperative Economic Insect Report Issued by PLANT PROTECTION AND QUARANTINE PROGRAMS ANIMAL AND PLANT HEALTH INSPECTION SERVICE U.S.DEPARTMENT OF AGRICULTURE ANIMAL AND PLANT HEALTH INSPECTION SERVICE PLANT PROTECTION AND QUARANTINE PROGRAMS PEST SURVEY AND TECHNICAL SUPPORT STAFF The Cooperative Economic Insect Report is issued weekly as a service to American Agriculture. Its contents are compiled from information supplied by cooperating State, Federal, and industrial entomologists and other agricultural workers. In releasing this material the Service serves as a Clearing house and does not assume responsibility for ac- curacy of the material. All reports and inquiries pertaining to this release, including the mailing list, should be sent to: CEIR Pest Survey and Technical Support Staff Plant Protection and Quarantine Programs Animal and Plant Health Inspection Service United States Department of Agriculture Federal Center Building Hyattsville, Maryland 20782 Volume 22 November 3, 1972 Number 44 COOPERATIVE ECONOMIC INSECT REPORT HIGHLIGHTS Current Conditions FALL ARMYWORM damaged wheat in Rolling Plains and BROWN WHEAT MITE heavy on 100,000 acres of wheat in central area of Texas. (p. 737). PECAN WEEVIL and HICKORY SHUCKWORM economic on pecans in north- central Texas. (p. 738). SOUTHERN PINE BEETLE outbreak continued at high level on Nantahala National Forest in North Carolina and is epidemic in much of Alabama. (p. 739). Detection New State records include a REDUVIID BUG from Oklahoma (p. 741), a CERAMBYCID BEETLE from New Jersey (p. 739), and a DERMESTID BEETLE from Ohio, New York, and North Carolina (p. 740). For new county and parish records see page 741. Special Reports Mediterranean Fruit Fly. Selected References 1970-1971. (pp. 743- 746). Witchweed Quarantines. Map. (Centerfold). Reports in this issue are for week ending October 27 unless other- wise indicated. - 735 - CONTENTS Specaall insects or wesmonall ss Srenschicanc eceis ety aye ane om Insects Affecting Corn, Sorghum, Sugarcane....737 Deciduous Fruits and Nuts..738 SIUEILIL (Gree sO 5 boo oes oo tons hon Ornamencalign As a9 c0e nae Brn al 5. (cae, Turf, Pastures, Rangeland...738 Forest and Shade Trees.....739 WOTASS ISSUES > 5650060000006 738 Man and Animals............ 740 Cott onthe al. Sate: he teehee as 738 Households and Structures. .740 Federal and State) Plant Protection |Programs,.).../o4. 2. .0ee eee 741 DO CEC CR OM ne ia wie is ope tere suet die scbielel sie ‘eliete Svs tebewel soa ane e oteretet ne . 741 Lion yeep Colle ctarOnsi ys cere coe ones SAR ae ee os eee Nas re a 742 Mediterranean Fruit Fly. Selected References 1970-1971 -2%) (4.743 Witchweed. Quarantines. Map. (Centerfold). WEATHER OF THE WEEK ENDING OCTOBER 30 Reprinted from Weekly Weather and Crop Bulletin supplied by Environmental Data Service, NOAA. PRECIPITATION:~ A vigorous storm, centered over the lower Great Lakes early in the week, spread cloudy skies, winds, and rain over much of the eastern half of the Nation. Snow was mixed with rain from southeastern Minnesota to Upper Michigan. By late Tuesday, a cold front associated with the storm had pushed off the Atlantic coast but dismal, cloudy weather persisted east of the middle and lower Mississippi River. Precipitation was widespread but mostly light. Some drizzle and fog occurred in the northern Appalachians, By midweek, two Highs controlled the weather. An eastern High extended from northern New England to the southern Great Plains. A western High reached from Idaho to southern California! Hasae weather prevailed over most of the Nation. However, light rain or drizzle continued in the Pacific Northwest, southern Rocky Mountains, southern Texas, and Florida. Combinations of rain and snow occurred from Michigan and northern New England. As the weekend approached, snow fell in western Montana where Kalispell received 2 inches Thursday. A storm in the Pacific Northwest intensified, moved inland, and spread rain along the Washington and Oregon coast and snow in nearby hills and mountains. The week-— end also brought dismal, rainy weather over the eastern third of the Nation from the Great Lakes to the Gulf of Mexico. Rain spread to New York and New England. Heaviest rains fell in northern Louisiana where some totals exceeded 6 inches. No rain or only widely scattered showers fell in California and nearby parts of neighboring States. TEMPERATURE: A storm centered over the lower Great Lakes early in the week brought cold Canadian air to the northern Great Plains. By Tuesday, strong northwesterly winds aloft were cooling much of the Nation from the Rocky Mountains to the Appalachians, Subfreezing weather occurred as far south as Kansas and northern Oklahoma, Afternoon temperatures ranged from the 40's over the northern Great Plains to the 50's, GORS andi (Ol cua ne bexace By early Tuesday afternoon, a cold front associated with the storm had moved off the Atlantic coast and sunny, pleasant weather returned to mid—America. The northern Great Plains warmed to the 50's and 60's Thursday afternoon. A High over the East in midweek brought chilly Canadian Weather of the week continued on page 742, - 736 - SPECIAL INSECTS OF REGIONAL SIGNIFICANCE ASTER LEAFHOPPER (Macrosteles fascifrons) - OKLAHOMA - Leafhoppers, mostly this species, reported in small grains in several areas. Heavy in Comanche, moderate in Pittsburg, and light in Pawnee Gounties. Okla. Coop. Surz)):. GREENBUG (Schizaphis graminum) - WASHINGTON - Populations approaching damaging levels in several wheatfields at Prosser, Benton County. (Klostermeyer). SOUTH DAKOTA - Continued to damage winter wheat. Latest area requiring treatment in eastern Pennington County, north of Wall, and in western Meade County, between Hereford and Sturgis. (Jones). ARKANSAS - Survey negative in northwest area wheat. (Boyer). SPOTTED ALFALFA APHID (Therioaphis maculata) - ARKANSAS - Continued at low level, 50-100 per 100 sweeps, in alfalfa in northwest area. Hymenopterous parasites increased, will aid in holding pest at low levels. (Boyer). CORN, SORGHUM, SUGARCANE FALL ARMYWORM (Spodoptera frugiperda) -—- FLORIDA - Widespread and heavy on sweet corn in Everglades area of Collier County. Severely damaged or destroyed 97 percent of young sweet corn buds in unsprayed experiment field plots at Belle Glade, Palm Beach County. Crla. Coop, sur.,.Oct., 18). SOUTHWESTERN CORN BORER (Diatraea grandiosella) - MISSOURI - Fall survey in southeast area Showed average infestation of 25.05 percent with average of 7.05 percent of stalks girdled. (Munson). ARIZONA - Heavy in sorghum field northwest of Phoenix, Maricopa County. (Ariz. Coop... Sur.) CORN ROOTWORMS (Diabrotica spp.) - ILLINOIS - D. virgifera (western corn rootworm) collected on field corn as follows: Near Rushville, Schuyler County, August 15; in Piatt County, August 11; in Douglas County, August 11; in Moultrie County August 11; near Fithian in Vermilion County, August 21, all by J. Krebs; near Athensville, Greene County, and near Modesto, Macoupin County, August 24 by H.B. Petty; 2 miles north of junction of State Highways 100 and 36 August 30 by D. Kuhlman. These are all new county records. All determinations by M.W. Anderson, (I11l. Ins. Rpt.). NEBRASKA - D. virgifera and D. longicornis (northern corn rootworm) populations increased in 1972. Survey indicated percent cornstalks lodged by district as follows: Northeast 7.4, east 7, southeast 3.5, central zero, south zero. (Keith). SMALL GRAINS FALL ARMYWORM (Spodoptera frugiperda) - TEXAS - Heavy and damaged wheat in Knox and Foard Counties in Rolling Plains. (Boring). BROWN WHEAT MITE (Petrobia latens) - TEXAS - About 100,000 acres of oats heavily infested in Falls County. Insecticide applied with limited results. (Boring). - 737 - TURF, PASTURES, RANGELAND AN ALYDID BUG (Esperanza texana) - LOUISIANA - Heavy in several fields of Coastal Bermuda grass in Lincoln Parish; suspected of killing grass. Determined by H.M. Harris. This 1s a new parish record. (Cancienne). FORAGE LEGUMES A NOCTUID MOTH (Tathorhynchus angustiorata) - TEXAS - This looper heavy and damaged mature guar beans in Wilbarger and Hardeman Counties. (Rogers). GREEN CLOVERWORM (Plathypena scabra) - OKLAHOMA - Moderate to heavy in alfalfa in west-central counties. (Okla. Coop. Sur.). THREECORNERED ALFALFA HOPPER (Spissistilus festinus) - ARIZONA - Counts per 100 sweeps in alfalfa averaged 130 at Yuma Valley and 130 at Gila Valley, Yuma County; and 134 at Phoenix, Maricopa County. (Ariz. Coop. Sur.). TARNISHED PLANT BUG (Lygus lineolaris) - GKLAHOGMA - Very heavy in alfalfa in Washita, Beckham, Caddo, Roger Mills, and Custer Counties. (Okla. Coop. Sur.). FIELD CRICKETS (Gryllus spp.) - ALABAMA - These pests and unspecified grasshoppers destroyed seedling crimson clover, white clover, and other re-seedings of winter legumes in all grass sod pastures and fields checked in eastern area. (Barwood et al.). COTTON BOLLWORM (Heliothis zea) - NEW MEXICO - Damaged bolls ranged 0-8 percent .in fields in northern Eddy and southern Chaves County. QNEMSNCoope spite) COTTON LEAFPERFORATOR (Bucculatrix thurberiella) - TEXAS - Increased in Brazos River Bottom of Robertson, Brazos, and Burleson Counties. (Cole). DECIDUOUS FRUITS AND NUTS PECAN WEEVIL (Curculio caryae) - TEXAS - Heavy populations caused economic damage in Hood, Eastland, Stephens, Erath, Hamilton, and Comanche Counties. Populations variable, heavier in native pecan trees along creeks and rivers. (Hoelscher). OKLAHOMA - Infested 30-50 percent of nuts in small pcan planting in Payne County. (OKilas" (Coon suscep). HICKORY SHUCKWORM (Laspeyresia caryana) - TEXAS - Heavy populations caused economic damage in Hood, McLennan, Bosque, Erath, Comanche, Hamilton, and Stephens Counties. Infestations ranged 1-5 larvae per pecan in 52-65 percent of nuts in Erath County and 1-6 larvae per pecan in 80 percent in Stephens County. (Hoelscher). - 738 - ORNAMENTALS A CERAMBYCID BEETLE (Leiopus variegatus) - NEW JERSEY - All stages very heavy under bark of large mimosa tree on property in Haddon- field, Camden County, in June 1972. Mimosa so badly weakened by several years of frequent defoliation by Homadaula anisocentra (mimosa webworm) that tree was cut down. L. variegatus found when park stripped from tree. Collected by M.D. Leonard and D.L. Winters. Determined by T.J. Spilman. This is a new State record. Larvae are known to occur in many varieties of hardwood. It is not known if this cerambycid has been found in mimosa previously. (Leonard). GREEN PEACH APHID (Myzus persicae) - KENTUCKY - Severely damaged 200 square feet of chrysanthamums in Fayette County greenhouse. Estimated 50 percent of plants rendered unsalable. All plants exhibited some stunting and leaf damage. (Barnett). FOREST AND SHADE TREES SOUTHERN PINE BEETLE (Dendroctonus frontalis) - NORTH CAROLINA - Outbreak continued at high level on Tusquittee District, Nantahala National Forest (see CEIR 22(43):724). About 116 infested trees occurred per 1,000 acres of host type. Approximately 1.1 million board feet of timber infested in protection boundary at time of ground survey. (Hunt). ALABAMA -— Considered epidemic on pine in 40 of 67 counties in State as of September 25. About 44 percent of damaged timber salvaged. Cooperation of landowners involved and forestry interests very good in connection with control program. (Ala. Forest Comm.). PINE NEEDLE SHEATHMINER (Zelleria haimbachi) - CALIFORNIA - Scattered infestations damaged ponderosa pines on Klamath National Forest in Humbug drainage area. Some of better plantations affected, Active in Shasta-Trinity National Forest. Infestations to be checked in spring 1973 after new growth appears. (McMurtrey, USFS). AN OLETHREUTID MOTH (Rhyacionia bushnelli) - CALIFORNIA - Larvae averaged 2 per stem on Monterey pine nursery stock in La Mesa, San Diego County. This new pest slowly Spreading north in county. To date has not been reported in native pine stands. (Cal. Coop. Eiki. BLACK PINELEAF SCALE (Nuculaspis californica) - CALIFORNIA - Heavy, 2-100 per needle, on ponderosa pine from Shasta Lake to Butte Coumiye (eal. Coop. Rpt... VARIABLE OAKLEAF CATERPILLAR (Heterocampa manteo) - OKLAHOMA - Defoliation moderate to heavy on oaks in Mannford area, Creek County, and in scattered areas in western Tulsa County. Most larvae full grown and left trees. (Okla. Coop. Sur.). A TORTRICID MOTH (Archips semiferanus) - PENNSYLVANIA - Outbreak of past 6 years declining. Defoliation, over 1 million acres previous 2 years, decreased to 610,000 acres in 1972. Timber loss heaviest in State for many decades. Entire forests killed over large areas of Clearfield, Centre, Clinton, and Lycoming Counties. Camp Oct. 10) - 739 - A GEOMETRID MOTH (Lambdina athasaria athasaria) - PENNSYLVANIA - About 200-300 forest acres along Clarion County streams heavily defoliated, resulting in much mortality. Large numbers of pupae collected under hemlock throughout McConnels Mills State Park in Lawrence County, with many trees dead in area. (Kim, Oct. 10). MAN AND ANIMALS SCREWWORM (Cochliomyia hominivorax) - Total of 4,032 confirmed cases reported from continental U.S. during period October 15-21 as follows: Texas 3,625; New Mexico 87; Arizona 213; California 1; Oklahoma 104; Kansas 2. This total was an increase of 307 above the total (3,725) reported previous period. Total of 862 cases reported in Mexico this period. Number of sterile flies released in U.S. October 15-21 totaled 150,438,000 as follows: Texas 126,208,000; New Mexico 5,550,000; Arizona 12,380,000; California 900,000; Florida 4,200,000; Alabama 200,000; Georgia 1,000,000. Total of 41,694,000 sterile flies released in Mexico. (Anim. Health). FACE FLY (Musca autumnalis) - UTAH - Annoyed horses and cattle in farm areas of Cache and Box Elder Counties during warmer periods of day. (Knowlton). HORN FLY (Haematobia irritans) - OKLAHOMA - Averaged 500 per head on cattle in Payne County; moderate in Garfield, Pittsburg, and Okmulgee Counties. (Okla. Coop. Sur.). COMMON CATTLE GRUB (Hypoderma lineatum) - OKLAHOMA - Averaged 1 per head in herd of young cows and 0.5 per head in herd of older cows in Payne County. Two adults seen around cattle herd in Osage County (Okla Coops Sues SHORTNOSED CATTLE LOUSE (Haematopinus eurysternus) - OKLAHOMA —- Three found on 15 cows in Payne County; first of season. (Okla. Coop Suse»). HOG LOUSE (Haematopinus suis) - OKLAHOMA - Ranged 40-50 per head on hogs checked in several areas of Payne County. (Okla. Coop. Sue BROWN DOG TICK (Rhipicephalus sanguineus) - MARYLAND —- Annoyance levels and populations in homes increased in Prince Georges, Montgomery, Anne Arundel, and Baltimore Counties. (U. Md., Ent. Dept.). HOUSEHOLDS AND STRUCTURES A DERMESTID BEETLE (Anthrenus coloratus) - OHIO - Collected in house in Cincinnati, Hamilton County, March 30, 1970. NEW YORK - Collected in Frankfort, Herkimer County, September 26, 1963, by Asin. NORTH CAROLINA - Collected in apartment in Raleigh, Wake County, March 23, 1971, by O.L. Stephan. Determined by J.M. Kingsolver. These are new State records. See CEIR 19(5):61-62 for background and first report in U.S. (PP). - 740 - |. DEPARTMENT OF AGRICULTURE (OUR STATE OR FEDERAL PLANT PROT } OR YOUR COUNTY AGENT FOR IE REGARDING EXACT AREAS UNDER IN AND REQUIREMENTS FOR MOVING ARTICLES. pect ie SEE REVERSE § D PLANT HEALTH INSPECTION SERVI" OTECTION AND QUARANTINE PROGRAM IERATING WITH AFFECTED STATES OLORED ARE COMPLETELY REGULATED; RE PARTIALLY REGULATED. ested area--State and Federal regu treatments not in progress or plan rea--State and Federal regulations treatments in progress or planned) egulations removed rea as follows: into or through green or white. n into or through white. o green. een.* by an authorized inspector. ’ mposed on movement of regulated ar 4 _— WIITCHWEED QUARANTINES ena a se a bee ABBE E BERRY seo) {x 3, DEPARTMENT OF AGRICULTURE ND PLANT HEALTH INSPECTION SERVICE PROTECTION AND QUARANTINE PROGRAMS PERATING WITH AFFECTED STATES COUNTIES ENTIRELY COLORED ARE COMPLETELY REGULATED, PARTIALLY COLORED ARE PARTIALLY REGULATED. | Generally infested area--State and Federal regu (Eradication treatments not in progress or plan YOUR STATE OR FEDERAL PLANT PROTECTION )R OR YOUR COUNTY AGENT FOR \CE REGARDING EXACT AREAS UNDER ON AND REQUIREMENTS FOR MOVING D ARTICLES. le Suppressive area--State and Federal regulations (Suppressive treatments in progress or planned) e WA Eradicated--regulations removed Restrictions are imposed on movement of regulated ar from a regulated area as follows: 1 From red into or through green or white, 2. 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In Tulare County, survey in Exeter, Lindsday, and Dinuba negative for late finds. neal. Coop. Rpt.). EUROPEAN CRANE FLY (Tipula paludosa) - WASHINGTON - Survey of 2 pastures in Custer area of Whatcom County revealed one to have Second or third instar larvae at rate of 1,804 per square foot, and other pasture with larvae still in first instar and very light numbers. (Campbell). GRASSHOPPERS - NEVADA - Ageneotettix deorum collected at Crestline, Lincoln County, August 23 by G.M. Nishida. Determined by R.C. Bechtel. This is a new county record. (Bechtel). IPINK BOLLWORM (Pectinophora gossypiella) - NEW MEXICO - Percent infestation in green bolls in cotton fields ranged 8-92 in Artesia rea, Eddy County, and 0-52 in Roswell area, Chaves County. Mathews). ARIZONA - Infested 70 percent of top crop at Bowie, ochise County. (Ariz. Coop. Sur.). 2 ( | WOOLLY WHITEFLY (Aleurothrixus floccosus) - CALIFORNIA - Survey revealed 17 new infestations in La Jolla, San Diego County. At leach infestation 25 parasites released. This is farthest north pest found. Parasite releases continued in known infested area; 80 new releases made this period. Release sites total 1,059 on which 45,000 parasites released this season. (Cal. Coop. Rpt.). DETECTION ew State Records - A CERAMBYCID BEETLE (Leiopus variegatus) - NEW JERSE amden County. (p. 739). A DERMESTID BEETLE ‘(Anthrenus coloratus) - OHIO - Hamilton County. NEW YORK - Herkimer County. NORTH CAROLINA —- Wake County. (p. 740). | : ‘A REDUVIID BUG (Gnathobleda litigiosa) - OKLAHOMA - Three ispecimens collected at lights in McCurtain County by D.C. Arnold. [Determined by W.A. Drew. Collected at Beavers Bend State Park June 16, 1970, and June 12, 1972, and at Battiest June 14, 1972. (Okla. Coop. Sur.). This species previously recorded in Florida, Georgia, Louisiana, Arkansas, and Texas. (PP). ‘New County and Parish Records - AN ALYDID BUG (Esperanza texana) LOUISIANA — Lincoln (p. 738). A GRASSHOPPER (Ageneotettix deorum) NEVADA - Lincoln (p. 741). WESTERN CORN ROOTWORM (Diabrotica virgifera) ILLINOIS - Schuyler, Piatt, Douglas, Moultrie, Vermilion, Greene, Macoupin (p. 737). - 741 - Weather of the week continued from page 736. air over the East. Florida continued mild with afternoon tempera-— tures in the 80's. Fort Myers and Palm Beach each registered 87 degrees Wednesday and 88 degrees Thursday. As the weekend drew near, one High cooled the Northeast and warmed the Great Plains. Temperatures over South Dakota reached the 70's Thursday after- noon, 76 degrees at Pickstown. A western High cooled Washington and Montana. Omak, Washington, recorded 25 degrees Thursday morning. Winter temperatures moved eastward over the weekend. The mercury at West Yellowstone, Montana, dropped to zero Sunday morning. Temperatures averaged above normal along the middle and southern Atlantic coast and below normal over most of the rest of the Nation. Parts of the southern Great Plains averaged 4 to 10 degrees cooler than normal. LIGHT TRAP COLLECTIONS FLORIDA - Gainesville, 10/20-26, BL - Beet armyworm (Spodoptera exigua) 6, fall armyworm (Spodoptera frugiperda) 3, granulate cutworm (Feltia subterranea) 2. MISSISSIPPI - Stoneville, 10/20-26, 2BL, 36-74 degrees F, precip- itation 1.90 - Armyworm (Pseudaletia unipuncta) 4, beet armyworm | 1, granulate cutworm 5, tobacco budworm (Heliothis virescens) 2, NEW HAMPSHIRE - Lee, 10/25, BL - Armyworm 1, black cutworm (Agrotis ipsilon) 1. PENNSYLVANIA - (District) - Southeast, 10/12-22, BL - Variegated cutworm (Peridroma saucia) 1. Southwest, 10/12-22, BL - Armyworm 6, black cutworm 9, TEXAS - Waco, 10/21-27, BL - Armyworm 75, beet armyworm 37, black{ cutworm 6, fall armyworm 49, granulate cutworm 61, variegated cutworm 101, yellowstriped armyworm (Spodoptera ornithogalli) 3. —- 742 - MEDITERRANEAN FRUIT FLY Ceratitis capitata (Wiedemann) Selected References 1970-1971 Copies of this bibliography are available from Pest Survey and Technical Support Staff. Anwar, M., Chambers, D. L., Ohinata, K., and Kobayashi, R. M. 1971. Radiation-sterilization of the Mediterranean fruit fly (Diptera: Tephritidae): comparison of spermatogenesis in flies treated as pupae or adults. Ent. Soc. Amer. Ann. 64(3): 627-633. Costilla, M. A. 1970. A review of the situation regarding fruit- flies (Anastrepha fraterculus (Wied.) and Ceratitis capitata (Wied.)) in the province of Tucuman. Estac. Expt. Agr. Tucuman Misc. Pub. 32:3-4. Costilla, M. A. 1970. Experiments with molasses and parathion for control of fruit-flies. Estac. Expt. Agr. Tucuman Misc. Pub. 32:5. Sum. only. Cuechi, No J:-A., Puiatti; A. E., and Garcia, M. F. 1970. Obser- vations on the effectiveness of some attractants for the fruit-fly in Mendoza. Estac. Expt. Agr. Tucuman Misc. Pub. 32:16-28. Cunningham, R. T., Farias, G. J., Nakagawa, S., and Chambers, D. L. 1971. Reproduction in the Mediterranean fruit fly: depletion of stored sperm in females. Ent. Soc. Amer. Ann. 64(1) :312-313. Cunningham, R. T., Steiner, L. F., Ohinata, K., and Farias, G. J. 1970. Mortality of male melon flies and male Mediterranean fruit flies treated with aerial sprays of lure and naled formulated with a monoglyceride or siliceous extender. J. Econ. Ent. 63(1):106-110. Cunningham, R. T., Suda, D., Chambers, D. L., and Nakagawa, S. 1971. Aerial broadcast of free-falling pupae of the Mediter- ranean fruit fly for sterile-release programs. J. Econ. Ent. 64(4) :948-950. Dresner, E. 1970. A sticky trap for Mediterranean fruit fly survey. J. Econ. Ent. 63(6):1813-1816. Farias, G. J. and Nakagawa, S. 1970. Host vs. nonhost plants as sites for baited traps for Mediterranean fruit flies. J. Econ. Ent. 63(2) :662-663. Feron, M. 1970. Studies on the Mediterranean fruit-fly in Tunisia. Vienna, Int. Atomic Energy Agr. pp. 83-85. In Fr., Engl. Sum. Fontemachi, E. C. 1970. Evaluation of populations of fruit-flies in San Juan, estimation of damage. Estac. Expt. Agr. Tucuman Misc. Pub. 32:13-15. - 743 - Gelti-Douka, H. 1970. Sex dimorphism on the 2nd M (2nd media 2 cell) area of the wing of Ceratitis capitata~ (Diptera). Israel J. Ent. 5:77-81. Harris, E. J., Nakagawa, S., and Urago, TT... 1971. Sticky (maps geow detection and survey of three tephritids. J. Econ. Ent. 64(1) :62-65. Holbrook, F. R. and Fujimoto, M. S. 1970. Mating competitiveness of unirradiated and irradiated Mediterranean fruit flies. Je) Heonts bnte. 63.¢4) 2117 5—blier Holbrook, F. R., Steiner, L. F., and Fujimoto, M. S. 1970. Holding containers for melon flies and Mediterranean fruit flies for use in sterile fly aerial releases. J. Econ. Ent. 63(3) :908- 910. Holbrook, F. R., Steiner, L. F., and Fujimoto, M. S. 1970. Mating competitiveness of Mediterranean fruit flies marked with ; fluorescent powders. J. Econ. Ent. 63(2):454-455. Hooper, G. H. S. 1970. Use of carbon dioxide, nitrogen, and cold to immobilize adults of the Mediterranean fruit fly. J. Econ. Ent. 63(6) :1962-1963. Hooper, G. H. S. 1971. Competitiveness of gamma-sterilized males of the Mediterranean fruit fly: effect of irradiating pupal or adult stage and of irradiating pupae in nitrogen. J. Econ. Ent. 64(6) :1364-1368. Hooper, G. H. S. 1971. Sterilization and competitiveness of the Mediterranean fruit fly after irradiation of pupae with fast neutrons. J. Econ. Ent. 64(6):1369-1372. Hooper, G. H. S. and Katiyar, K. P. 1971. Competitiveness of gamma-Sterilized males of the Mediterranean fruit fly. J. Econ. Ent. 64(5):1068-1071. Katiyar, K. P. 1970. Comparison of carrot and bagasse diets for raising Mediterranean fruit fly larvae. Turrialba 20(2) :217- 222-5 ine Spr Katiyar, K. P. and Ramirez, E. 1970. Mating frequency and fertility of Mediterranean fruit fly females alternately mated with normal and irradiated males. J. Econ. Ent. 63(4): 1247-1250. Keiser, I., Schneider, E. L., and Tomikawa, I. 1971. Species specificity among oriental fruit flies, melon flies, and Mediterranean fruit flies in Susceptibility to insecticides at several loci. J. Econ. Ent. 64(3) :606-610. Keiser, I. and Tomikawa, I. 1970. Species-specific toxicity of certain insecticides to tephritids in Hawaii suggested by unusual susceptibility relationships among oriental fruit flies, melon flies, and Mediterranean fruit flies. J. Econ. Ent. 63(6) :1746-1748. - 744 - Lower, H. F. 1970. Identification of Species of fruit-fly. Specific determination from fruit-fly larvae. South Austral. Dept. Agr. Expt. Record 5:5-8. Madariaga, M. A., Municio, A. M., and Ribera, A. 1970. Biochem- istry of development of insect Ceratitis capitata: evolution of fatty acid composition of different lipid classes. Compar. Biochem. Physiol. 36(2):271-278. Madariaga, M. A., Municio, A. M., and Ribera, A. 1970. Fasting and cold-exposure effects on fatty acid composition of Ceratitis capitata adults. Comp. Biochem. Physiol. 35(1) :63-68. Mayer, K. 1970. Mediterranean fruit fly, Ceratitis capitata Wied., a dangerous quarantine pest. Z. Angew. Ent. 65(3):357-363. In Ger. Nakagawa, S., Chambers, D. L., Urago, T., and Cunningham, R. T. 1971. Trap-lure combinations for surveys of Mediterranean fruit flies in Hawaii. J. Econ. Ent. 64(5):1211-1213. Nakagawa, S., Cunningham, R. T., and Urago, T. 1971. The repellent effect of high trimedlure concentrations in plastic traps to Mediterranean fruit fly in Hawaii. J. Econ. Ent. 64(3):762- 763. Nakagawa, S., Farias, G. J., and Steiner, L. F. 1970. Response of female Mediterranean fruit flies to male lures in the rela- tive absence of males. J. Econ. Ent. 63(1) :227-229. Nakagawa, S. and Coauthors. 1971. Reproduction of the Mediter- ranean fruit fly: frequency of mating in the laboratory. Ent. Soc. Amer. Ann. 64(4) :949-950. Ohinata, K. and Coauthors. 1971. Sterilization of the Mediter- ranean fruit fly by irradiation: comparative mating effec- tiveness of treated pupae and adults. J. Econ. Ent. 64(4): 781-784. Peleg, B. A. and Rhode, R. H. 1970. New larval medium and improved pupal recovery method for the Mediterranean fruit fly in Costa Rica. J. Econ. Ent. 63(4):1319-1321. Rhode, R. H. and Calder6n, W. 1971. Aerial release techniques for the Mediterranean fruit fly. J. Econ. Ent. 64(2) :537-539. Rhode, R. H. and Coauthors. 1971. Application of the sterile- insect-release technique in Mediterranean fruit fly Suppression. J. Econ. Ent. 64(3):708-713. Seo, S. T. and Coauthors. 1971. Fumigation with methyl bromide plus refrigeration to control infestations of fruit flies in agricultural commodities. J. Econ. Ent. 64(5):1270-1274. Steiner, L. F. 1970. Mediterranean fruit fly research in Hawaii for the sterile fly release program. Internatl. Atomic Energy Agency (Vienna) Panel Proc. 1968:73-82. - 745 - Turica, A. and Valsangiacomo, F. J. 1970. Evaluation of the sterile-male technique in the integrated control of the Mediterranean fruit-fly. Estac. Expt. Agr. Tucuman Misc. Pub. 32:9-10. Sum. only. Vergani, A. A. 1970. Concentrations of insecticides in poison baits for the control of fruit-flies. Estac. Expt. Agr. Tucuman Misc. Pub. 32:11. Sum. only. Wright, R. H. 1971. Correlation of far infrared spectra and Mediterranean fruit fly (Diptera: Tephritidae) attraction. Canad. Ent. 103(2):284-285. Wriehts Rete. Chambers. DLs) and Keiser L319 ja wnseet attractants, anti-attractants, and repellents. Canad. Ent. 103(4) :627-630. Zahavi, M. and Tahori, A.-S. 1970. Differences in acetylcholinest-— erase-sensitivity to phosphamidon in Mediterranean fruit fly | strains. Israel J. Ent. 5:185-191. U.S. Dept. Agr. Prepared by Pest Survey and Coop. Econ. Ins. Rpt. Technical Support Staff 22 (44) :743-746, 1972 - 746 - es HY u ‘pak Br) hm Merri 7 m Aan f Piet: Wal wan », Pa aS U.S. DEPARTMENT OF AGRICULTURE HYATTSVILLE, MARYLAND 20782 POSTAGE AND FEES PAID OFFICIAL BUSINESS U.S. DEPARTMENT OF PENALTY FOR PRIVATE USE, $300 AGRICULTURE AGR 101 0004 SMINLISMIAL22 34037 OOO1 SMITHSONIAN INSTITUTION LIBR= ARIES SMITHSONIAN INST WASHINGTON DC 20560 VOL. 22 No. 45 November 10, 1972 Sa ¥23 me 77 Ent. Cooperative Economic Insect Report Issued by PLANT PROTECTION AND QUARANTINE PROGRAMS ANIMAL AND PLANT HEALTH INSPECTION SERVICE U.S. DEPARTMENT OF AGRICULTURE ANIMAL AND PLANT HEALTH INSPECTION SERVICE PLANT PROTECTION AND QUARANTINE PROGRAMS PEST SURVEY AND TECHNICAL SUPPORT STAFF The Cooperative Economic Insect Report is issued weekly as a service to American Agriculture. Its contents are compiled from information supplied by cooperating State, Federal, and industrial entomologists and other agricultural workers. In releasing this material the Service serves as a Clearing house and does not assume responsibility for ac- curacy of the material. All reports and inquiries pertaining to this release, including the mailing list, should be sent to: CEIR Pest Survey and Technical Support Staff Plant Protection and Quarantine Programs Animal and Plant Health Inspection Service United States Department of Agriculture Federal Center Building Hyattsville, Maryland 20782 Volume 22 November 10, 1972 Number 45 COOPERATIVE ECONOMIC INSECT REPORT HIGHLIGHTS Current Conditions GREENBUG continued to damage winter wheat in South Dakota. (p. 749). FIRE ANT heavy on pastureland in south-central Texas past 14 days. oe 750). BERTHA ARMYWORM severely damaged sugar beet foliage in Columbia Basin of Washington during last half of October. (p. 750). SOUTHERN PINE BEETLE outbreak spread southward on Uwharrie National Forest in central North Carolina. (pp. 751-752). Special Reports Alfalfa Weevil. Selected References 1968-1969. (pp. 755-757). Gypsy Moth Quarantines. Map. (Centerfold). One issue of the CEIR will be published each month for November, December, and January. This action is being @ taken because of the reduced insect activity during these months and the need for the editorial staff to concentrate on special projects. Reports in this issue are for week ending November 3 unless otherwise indicated. = at \= CONTENTS Special Insects of Regional Significance....... POT ONORC ROIS 6.6 6.0.6 TA49 Insects Affecting Corn, Sorghum, Sugarcane...749 Miscellaneous Field Crops....751 SMa VA Gwuela ans is: cireseucueuealeueeaeks 749 Potatoes, Tomatoes, Peppers..751 Turf, Pastures, Rangeland..750 General Vegetables........... 751 Forage Legumes............. 750 Deciduous Fruits and Nuts....751 SOy: Deans hos s. Ses o eee “IO VOrnamentalst ass. 441) enelelie) eon CO VOM eiacid eve ensue eneenens acc ueneeuen 750 Forest and Shade Trees.... J). 791 SUA (BESTS as asl eave clos onteeoes #50 Man and! Anama'ls' 355.5) 792 BenevtertenaleninsOctesvae Haein arse ays! (auie\va, fence: ul, ve: saicer soy el ORE Sa 753 Federal and State Plant Protection PY OSTAMS 6.1. 4: 3 cae eee 753 Lights Taga ip aCol Leeitlon'siisqarieia dice. See! She Dee sited ete rents, date stueert Sete ane Ree 753 Hawaia Insect Report... ! 00s sass eee es ecules 4 ee 754 Altalta Weevall. Selected-Reterences) 1968-1969... | stn 755 Detectionian. ci. Wsadtlans does thesis, Daweh, vlargosm Wael 758 Weather of the Week ctesiie 23 cae lem ieee del. eet ee ei NATIONAL WEATHER SERVICE'S 30-DAY OUTLOOK NOVEMBER 1972 The National Weather Service's 30-day outlook for November calls for temperatures to average below seasonal normals in the southern Rocky Mountains and over the eastern half of the Nation except for near normal along the south Atlantic coast. Above normal temper- atures are indicated for the Pacific Northwest and the California coast. Elsewhere near normal temperatures are in prospect. Pre- cipitation is expected to exceed normal from the southern Plateau through the central and southern Plains to the Great Lakes region and the Appalachians. Subnormal totals are called for over Cali- fornia as well as northern and central portions of the Plateau region. In unspecified areas near normal precipitation is expected. Weather forecast given here is based on the official 30-day "Resume and Outlook" published twice a month by the National Weather Service. You can subscribe through the Superintendent of Documents, Washington, D.C. 20250. Price $5.00 a year. - 748 - SPECIAL INSECTS OF REGIONAL SIGNIFICANCE GREENBUG (Schizaphis graminum) - MISSISSIPPI - Very light in young wheat in Lowndes and Noxubee Counties. (Robinson). TEXAS - Surveys made in wheat fields in 20 Panhandle counties. Counts per row foot by county: Hansford 60, Deaf Smith 50, Briscoe 39, Parmer 30, Hartley 30. Counts ranged 1-20 in other counties surveyed. (Green). KANSAS - Averaged from trace to 1 per row foot in 3 small grain fields in Rice County, none to trace in 3 fields in Reno County and one field in Stafford County (October 24). Lady beetles noted in all fields. Generally light or absent in southwest and south- east district wheat October 27. (Bell). SOUTH DAKOTA - Still dam- aging winter wheat. Counts heaviest in Lyman, Jones, and Tripp Counties; 500+ per linear row foot noted in untreated western Stanley County fields. Noneconomic in Lawrence County. Infesta- tion and damage heavier in early planted than in late planted fields. (Jones, Oct. 20). SPOTTED ALFALFA APHID (Therioaphis maculata) - MISSISSIPPI - This species and Acyrthosiphon pisum (pea aphid) increased in Oktibbeha County alfalfa plots. Beneficials declined. (Robinson, Oct. 27). KANSAS - Counts in alfalfa per 10 sweeps by county: Rice (2 fields) 10-42; Reno (2 fields) 35-39; Stafford (1 field) 38. (edly Oct 3°24). CORN, SORGHUM, SUGARCANE SOUTHERN CORNSTALK BORER (Diatraea crambidoides) - KANSAS - Larvae infested about 20 percent of stalks after harvest in cornfield in Pottawatomie County. All in overwintering form; most had not bored into lower stem. (Bell, Oct. 24). SOUTHWESTERN CORN BORER (Diatraea grandiosella) - KANSAS - Recent survey Showed substantial infestations in some corn in Morton County in southwest district. In 3 fields checked, percent infested stalks ranged 44-64 and percent stalks girdled and lodged ranged 12-44. Infestations much lighter in other southwest counties. eBedl 20ct.: 27). EUROPEAN CORN BORER (Ostrinia nubilalis) - ALABAMA - Numerous full-grown larvae seen in volunteer late corn in late soybean field at Summerdale, Baldwin County. Larval surveys negative in old cornfields in Mobile, Monroe, and Wilcox Counties. (McQueen). NORTHERN CORN ROOTWORM (Diabrotica longicornis) - VIRGINIA - Adults feeding on corn silks in Wythe County August 21 collected by P.A. Willoughby and in Montgomery County August 18 by L.T. Kok. Determined by W.A. Allen. These are new county records. (Allen, Oct. 26) . SORGHUM MIDGE (Contarinia sorghicola) - KENTUCKY - Problem on late planted sorghum in western area. (Barnett, Raney). SMALL GRAINS HESSIAN FLY (Mayetiola destructor) - ILLINOIS - Averaged 239 (ranged 210-260) larvae and puparia per 100 tillers in nonresist- ant varieties and 50 (ranged 42-58) in resistant varieties of - 749 - winter wheat in Wayne County. All varieties planted before "fly- free" dates of October 9-11 for county. All stages of immatures found, Puparia made up about 2 percent of total. Damage in these plots appeared noneconomic, (I11. Ins. Rpt.). TURF, PASTURES, RANGELAND FALL ARMYWORM (Spodoptera frugiperda) - MISSISSIPPI - Still heavy in spots throughout ryegrass pastures in Amite County. (Robinson). FIRE ANT (Solenopsis geminata) - TEXAS - Heavy in pastureland in Brazos and Burleson Counties past 2 weeks. Heavy activity also noted on vacant lots throughout College Station, Brazos County. Infestations ranged 10-30 mounds per acre at some locations. (Green). FORAGE LEGUMES ALFALFA PLANT BUG (Adelphocoris lineolatus) - VIRGINIA - Adults collected in Montgomery County alfalfa field October 18, 1972, by R. Pienkowski., This is a new county record. Although probably widespread in State, this is only third record. Previously re- corded from alfalfa at Purcellville, Loundown County, and in Tazewell County. (Allen). SOYBEANS VELVETBEAN CATERPILLAR (Anticarsia gemmatalis) - ALABAMA - Adults heavy in late fields in Mobile and Baldwin Counties. Few larvae on kudzu and isolated greenspots in late soybeans. When leaves disappear, larvae feed freely on soybean pods and green stems. (McQueen). SOUTHERN GREEN STINK BUG (Nezara viridula) - ALABAMA - Adults light in late soybean fields in Mobile and Baldwin Counties; | mostly in green spots where live pods and leaves remain, (McQueen) || COTTON BOLLWORMS (Heliothis spp.) - ARIZONA - Heavy in blooms and small bolls in northwest area of Salt River Valley, Maricopa County. CArsa'7 2ICoopre (Sur .)),. BOLL WEEVIL (Anthonomus grandis) - ALABAMA - Adults light to heavy on late squares and blooms in all fields surveyed in Wilcox, Monroe, and Montgomery Counties. Most appear to be young adults. (McQueen). BANDEDWING WHITEFLY (Trialeurodes abutilonea) - ALABAMA - Egg laying and nympal feeding still occurring in second growth in several fields in Mitylene area of Montgomery County. Expected to continue until stalk destruction or killing frost. (McQueen). SUGAR BEETS BERTHA ARMYWORM (Mamestra configurata) - WASHINGTON - Larvae caused severe foliage damage to sugar beets last half of October in many sugar beet fields in Columbia Basin, Franklin, Adams, and Grant Counties. (Johansen, Foeppel). = 730 = MISCELLANEOUS FIELD CROPS HAWAIIAN BEET WEBWORM (Hymenia recurvalis) - VIRGINIA - Adults very heavy in weedy areas, tomato fields, soybean fields, and other crops. Developed from heavy infestations occurring on pig- weed about mid-September in Accomack and Northampton Counties. (Hofmaster, Oct. 18). POTATOES, TOMATOES, PEPPERS POTATO TUBERWORM (Phthorimaea operculella) - VIRGINIA - Damage heavy to untreated potato foliage, some still present in treated fields in Accomack and Northampton Counties. (Hofmaster, Oct. 18). GENERAL VEGETABLES GREEN PEACH APHID (Myzus persicae) - MARYLAND - Ranged 3-5 per 20 row feet in 600 acres of Spinach near Vienna, Dorchester County. (U. Md., Ent. Dept.). CABBAGE LOOPER (Trichoplusia ni) - MARYLAND - Larvae light, ranged 1-2 per 20 row feet, in 600 acres of spinach near Vienna, Dor- chester County. (U. Md., Ent. Dept.). DECIDUOUS FRUITS AND NUTS GREEN PEACH APHID (Myzus persicae) - OREGON - Alates and true sexuals heavy on remaining leaves of peach trees in commercial orchards in The Dalles and Hood River area, Wasco and Hood River Counties. Most leaves infested with at least one alate and sexual. No eggs seen. (Fields). PEAR PSYLLA (Psylla pyricola) - WASHINGTON - Overwintering adults heavy (about 1 per leaflet) on non-abscissed pear leaves at Yakima, Yakima County. (Landis, Oct. 24). TWIG GIRDLER (Oncideres cingulata) - ALABAMA - Caused heavy twig fall on hickory, pecan, persimmon, and red oak trees in Tallapoosa, Lee, Randolph, and Chambers Counties. (Jackson et al.). ORNAMENTALS A SAP BEETLE (Conotelus mexicanus) - ARIZONA - Adults heavy in flowers of many home plantings of chrysanthemums and roses, Also up to 30 per cotton flower in Maricopa County. (Ariz. Coop. Sur.). OLIVE SCALE (Parlatoria oleae) - DELAWARE - Common on cherry-leaf laurel in one area of Sussex County. Collected by N. Cannon at Seaford August 7. Determined by D.F. Bray. This is a new State record. (Burbutis, Kelsey). A MEALYBUG (Conchaspis angraeci) - FLORIDA - Adults collected from umbrella tree (Grassaia actinophylla) at nursery in Gainesville, Alachua County, September 18. This is a new county record. (Graham). FOREST AND SHADE TREES SOUTHERN PINE BEETLE (Dendroctonus frontalis) - NORTH CAROLINA - Evaluation of outbreak conducted on Uwharrie National Forest =— fol = (Randolph, Montgomery, and Davidson Counties) during August and September shows southward spread from northernmost section of forest. About 3,026 trees attacked (primarily shortleaf pine) in 74 spots within 220,000-acre forest. Thirty-seven percent of trees actively infested. (Hunt). A BARK BEETLE (Ips calligraphus) - ALABAMA - Population explosion killed 80-90 percent of 6 to 10-year-old pine plantings on orna- mental area around livestock coliseum at Monroeville, Monroe County. Contributing factor may be large pulpwood yard located within 150 feet where salvaged wood stacked for shipment to mills. (McQueen). DOUGLAS FIR TUSSOCK MOTH (Hemerocampa pseudotsugata) - NEW MEXICO- Heavy populations caused defoliation of Douglas-fir in Los Alamos, Los Alamos County. Light populations caused some defoliation of spruce and fir in Santa Fe, Santa Fe County. (N. M. Coop. Rpt.). COOLEY SPRUCE GALL APHID (Adelges cooleyi) - NEW MEXICO - Heavy on blue spruce in Los Alamos, Los Alamos County; and Tesuque and Santa Fe, Santa Fe County. (Heninger). VARIABLE OAKLEAF CATERPILLAR (Heterocampa manteo) - OKLAHOMA - Larvae still common on oak trees in Robbers Cave State Park area, Latimer County, October 29. (Okla. Coop. Sur.). A NOTODONTID MOTH (Symmerista albifrons) - WEST VIRGINIA - Larvae caused light damage to white oak at New Creek, Mineral County. Collected by D. Eskridge September 6, 1972, Determined by J.D. Hacker. This is a new county record. (Hacker). OYSTERSHELL SCALE (Lepidosaphes ulmi) - NEW MEXICO - Heavy on large planting of mountain cotton wood in Santa Fe, Santa Fe County. (Heninger). MAN AND ANIMALS SCREWWORM (Cochliomyia hominivorax) - Total of 3,309 confirmed cases reported in continental U.S. during period October 22-28 as follows: Texas 3,049; Arizona 156; Oklahoma 65; New Mexico 36; Arkansas 1; Louisiana 1; Florida 1. Arkansas case discovered near Nashville, Howard County, is sixth confirmed case from area. No recent additions to herd; outbreak may be due to gravid female which flew in from infested area in Oklahoma, Louisiana case at Jennings, Jefferson Davis Parish, in neck wound of native calf. Florida case found on native steer in herd near busy cattle ship- ping and concentration point at Oxford, Sumter County. Twenty- five State and Federal workers assigned to special detection operation in area. Total of 756 cases reported from Mexico. Num- ber of sterile flies released in U.S. this period totaled 154,702,000 as follows: Texas 130,732,000; Arizona 12,260,000; New Mexico 5,660,000; California 650,000; Louisiana 200,000; Florida 4,000,000; Alabama 200,000; Georgia 1,000,000. Total of 26,486,000 sterile flies released in Mexico. (Anim. Health). COMMON CATTLE GRUB (Hypoderma lineatum) - OKLAHOMA - Ranged 0-13 per head (average 3 per head) on 22 cows in Payne County. (Okla. Coop. 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J[ey-ou0 ueY} JayeaIS OU SUIO}S Y}IM suOTOS pue ‘ssuqIND _ JOUIe}UCD YOR JO apisyno ay} UO pefaqe] Os pue Iwe o1p ynoySnosy) esnoyueess ev ur UMOIS FT JduIexa oe ‘Jooroy} s}j1ed pue ‘sqniys pue seeLL *Souoo pue ‘s}inij ‘spoes ydooxo ‘yooioyy syed pue ‘suie}s Apoom quajstsied yA sqniys ‘sooll GALVOIGNI SV IddOXd GNNOWUVAA LINYAd YO ALVOMILLYAS WHANA GHAOW Ad LSAW SATOLLYVY GHALVINOAY ONIMOTION AHL HORN FLY (Haematobia irritans) - OKLAHOMA —- Ranged 20-25 per head on cattle in Payne County and 10-50 per head in Major County. Moderate in Pawnee County. (Okla. Coop. Sur.). MISSISSIPPI - Adults averaged less than 100 per animal in Oktibbeha, Noxubee, and Lowndes Counties. (Robinson). STABLE FLY (Stomoxys calcitrans) - OKLAHOMA - Declined to 0.5 per head on untreated dairy cattle in Payne County. (Okla. Coop. Sur.). BENEFICIAL INSECTS HONEY BEE (Apis mellifera) - NORTH DAKOTA - Honey production by commercial apiaries (300 or more colonies) totaled 7,192,000 pounds in 1972; a 70-percent increase from 1971. This represents increase in number of colonies and yield per colony. Colonies totaled 58,000, five percent above 1971; an average yield of 124 pounds per colony is 61 percent above the average yield in 1971. Late summer rains resulted in good honey flow from sunflower and other late blooms. (Brandvik). FEDERAL AND STATE PLANT PROTECTION PROGRAMS PINK BOLLWORM (Pectinophora gossypiella) - ARIZONA - Cotton flooded and buried by recent flooding of Gila River at Safford, Graham County, harboring heavy larval populations. Most bolls examined contained live larvae. Larvae easily found in top crop at Deer Valley, Maricopa County. (Ariz. Coop. Sur.). ARKANSAS - Moths collected in Johnson County October 6 and in Franklin County October 16 by Cato. Determined by R.W. Hodges. These are first times collected in these counties. (PP). RANGE CATERPILLAR (Hemileuca oliviae) - NEW MEXICO - Adults very heavy at Raton, Colfax County; lighter populations extend 5 miles north of Wagon Mound, Mora County. (Patterson). SOYBEAN CYST NEMATODE (Heterodera glycines) - MISSISSIPPI - Col- lected from soybeans at Houlka, Chickasaw County, October 4 by L.B. Clayton. Determined by V.H. Owens. Confirmed by A.M. Golden. This is a new county record. (PP). LIGHT TRAP COLLECTIONS FLORIDA - Gainesville, 10/27-11/2, BL - Armyworm (Pseudaletia unipuncta) 2, beet armyworm (Spodoptera exigua) 3, fall army- worm (Spodoptera frugiperda) 3, granulate cutworm (Feltia sub- terranea) 3, yellowstriped armyworm (Spodoptera ornithogalli) 1. KANSAS - Great Bend, 10/11-17, BL - Army cutworm (Euxoa auxiliaris) 248, armyworm 92, black cutworm (Agrotis ipsilon) 16, corn earworm (Heliothis zea) 87, variegated cutworm (Peridroma saucia) 56, PENNSYLVANIA - (District) - Central, 10/23-30, BL - Black cutworm 1. Northwest, 10/23-30, BL - Armyworm 2, black cutworm 1. South- west, 10/23-30, BL - Black cutworm 5, variegated cutworm 3, yellow- striped armyworm 1. TEXAS - Waco, 10/2, BL - Armyworm 378, beet armyworm 81, black cutworm 4, cabbage looper (Trichoplusia ni) 1, fall armyworm 152, granulate cutworm 74, variegated cutworm 90, yellowstriped army- worm 6. - 753 = HAWAII INSECT REPORT Corn, Sorghum - CORN EARWORM (Heliothis zea) heavy in 160+ acres of mature field corn at Kahuku, Oahu, week ending October 27. All ears with one or more late larvae. No controls applied. (Kawamura). Sugarcane - SUGARCANE APHID (Longiunguis sacchari) nymphs and adults moderate in 100 acres at Honokaa, Hawaii. Lady beetle, lacewing, and syrphid fly predators moderate. (Ota). General Vegetables - Larval mines of LEAFMINER FLIES (Liriomyza Spp.) generally moderate to heavy in commercial snap beans at Waimanalo, Oahu; moderate on cotyledons in adjacent Of acreror cucumber seedlings and 0.5 acre of soybeans in area. BEAN FLY (Melanagromyza phaseoli) trace in 3,000 square feet of long beans at Waimanalo. Remained negligible in commercial snap beans. (Kawamura) . Fruits and Nuts - About 75 coconut seedlings at Hawaii Kai, Oahu, © | with 30-40 percent of fronds with moderate to heavy COCONUT SCALE (Aspidiotus destructor) colonies on 30-60 percent of pinnae. Lar- vae and adults of Lindorus lophanthae (a lady beetle) heavy on some infested pinnae. (Kawamura). GREENHOUSE THRIPS (Heliothrips haemorrhoidalis) nymphs and adults moderate in 200 acres of passion fruit at Kahului, Maui: previously very light in this orchard. (Miyahira). Forest and Shade Trees - Very heavy buildup of a GEOMETRID MOTH (Semiothisa Santaremaria) and KOA HAOLE LOOPER (Anacamptodes fragilaria) noted in Waianae and Kaena Point areas of Oahu during October. Totals of 4,500 S. santaremaria and 250 A, fragilaria moths taken in single light trap during 12-hour period. Larval counts averaged 10 S. santaremaria and 4 A. fragilaria per ter- minal foot on koa haole (Leucana leucocephala) and kiawe (Pros- opis pallida), major hosts of these pests. Larvae of a NOCTUID MOTH (Melipotis indomita) numerous under bark and debris at bases | of these trees. (KaShiwai). A SPIDER MITE (Olingonychus mangiferus)} moderate on 750 acres of native Acacia koa trees in Laupahoehoe rain forests on Hawaii. Found at lower altitudes as well as upper limits of forests (4,000 feet). Infested trees usually showed ter-— | minal malformation, causing stunted condition which culminates in death of affected branches. Prolonged infestations have killed these native trees. (Horiuchi). A DELPHACID PLANTHOPPER (Nesosydne | koae) moderate on regenerated native koa trees at Laupahoehoe Forest Reserve. Adults, up to 20 per terminal, easily jarred from infested branches. Nymphs, 20-30 per sample, congregated only on young growth. (Kashiwai). Beneficial Insects - On Lanai, Melanagromyza phaseoli (bean fly) | moderate to heavy in long bean petioles during week ending October 27. M. phaseoli 28 percent parasitized by a BRACONID WASP (Opius importatus) and 12 percent parasitized by a PTEROMALID WASP (Halticoptera patellana). O. importatus released on Lanai in August 1972. On Kauai, Opius spp. parasitized 100 percent of M. phaseoli infesting cowpea and snap bean petioles at 7 locations during September. (Miyahira, Sugawa). Field examination of Mel- astoma malabathricum showed average infestations of fruit to be 48 percent at Hanahanapuni and 14 percent at Knudsen Gap on Kauai. (Sugawa). - 754 - ALFALFA WEEVIL Hypera postica (Gyllenhal) Selected References 1968-1969 Copies of this bibliography are available from Pest Survey and Technical Support Staff. Armbrust, E. J., Niemezyk, H. D., Pass, B. C., and Wilson, M. C. 1969. Standardized procedures adopted for cooperative Ohio Valley States alfalfa weevil research. J. Econ. Ent. 62(1): 250-251. Barnes, D. K. and Coauthors. 1969. A mass screening procedure for isolating alfalfa seedlings with resistance to the alfalfa weevil. J. Econ. Ent. 62(1):66-69. Barnes, D. K. and Ratclife, R. H. 1969. Evaluation of annual species of Medicago as sources of alfalfa weevil resistance. Crop Sci. 9(5):640-642. Ben Saad, A. A. and Bishop, G. W. 1969. Egg-laying by the alfalfa weevil in weeds. J. Econ. Ent. 62(5):1226-1227. Blickenstaff, C. C. 1969. Mating competition between eastern and western strains of the alfalfa weevil, Hypera postica. Ent. Soc. Amer. Ann. 62(5) :956-958. Blickenstaff, C. C. and Huggans, J. L. 1969. Four methods of sampling to measure populations of alfalfa weevil larvae. J. Econ. Ent. 62(3) :556-557. Boulanger, L. W. 1969. A new record for a parasite of the alfalfa weevil in eastern United States, Eriplanus micator (Graven- horst) (Hymenoptera: Ichneumonidae). Ent. Soc. Wash. Proc. 71(2) :149-150. Bray, D. F. and Boys, F. E. 1969. Delaware's recommendations for alta iaeweevail control. Del. Univ. Agr. Ext.) Serv. E-21". 7} \ 0) Oe Byrne, H. D. 1969. The oviposition response of the alfalfa weevil Hypera postica (Gyllenhal). Md. Agr. Expt. Sta. Bul. 160. 42 pp. Ref. pp. 34-42. Campbell, J. K. 1969. You can spray for the weevil with your mower-conditioner. Hoard's Dairyman 114(4):215. Goan & M., Adler, V. ., Blickenstaff, C. €., and Steinhauer, A. L. 1968. Field evaluation of insecticides for control of the alfalfa weevil in Maryland, 1962-66. U.S. Agr. Res. Serv. ARS So—L2te, ZO) pp). Day, W. H. 1969. Biological notes on Dibrachys cavus, a secondary parasite attacking parasites (Bathyplectes Spp.) of the alfalfa weevil in the eastern United States. J. Econ. Ent. 62(5) :1225-1226. - 755 - DePew, L. J. 1969. Field evaluation of insecticides to control alfalfa weevil in Kansas, 1967-68. J. Econ. Ent. 62(6):1500- WSO. DeWitt, J. R., Armbrust, EL. Je seRobexts,, S.0o., and WhaverG=grn 1969. Preliminary study of the bionomics of the alfalfa weevil on Soybeans. J. Econ. Ent. 62(5):1233-1234. Drea, J. J., Jr. 1969. Fecundity, hatch of eggs, and duration of oviposition of mated, isolated female alfalfa weevils. J: Eeon.. Ent. 62(6) 21523-1524 . Dreazsd J. Jr., Angalet,.G: W., and Days) W.s Hl. . 19692 Nosenamisir infecting a laboratory colony of the alfalfa weevil. J. Invert. Path. 13(2):303-304. Golik, Z. and Pienkowski, R. L. 1969. The influence of temperature on host orientation by the alfalfa weevil, Hypera postica. Ent oP xpit. net, Apple L2@): 1331383. Ger. sume Hansen, R. W. and Simpson, R. G. 1969. Agricultural flaming for insect and weed control in Colorado. Colo. Agr. Expt. Sta. BUIL, SSS, joy. Hsiao, T. H. 1969. Adenine and related substances as potent feeding stimulants for the alfalfa weevil, Hypera postica. J. Insect Physiol. 15(10):1785-1790. Janes, R. L. and Ruppel, R. F. 1969. Alfalfa weevil. Mich. State Unive Est. Bulls h-639. 4 ppe Lavallee, A. G. and Shaw, F. R. 1969. Preferences of golden-eye lacewing larvae for pea aphids, leafhopper and plant bug nymphs, and alfalfa weevil larvae. J. Econ. Ent. 62(5):1228- E2208 Niemezyk, H. D. and Flessel, J. K. 1969. Development and testing of a preventive program for control of the alfalfa weevil in Ohaoe Jo Econk Ent. 62) 2iro7—12025 Perron, J. P. 1969. First observations on Hypera postica in Quebec. Ent. Soc. Quebec Ann. 14(1):18-21. In Fr., Engl. Sum. Pienkowski, R. L. 1969. How to Spray for the alfalfa weevil. Hoard's Dairyman 114(4) :252-253. PienkowsSki, R. L. and Golik, Z. 1969. Kinetic orientation behavior of the alfalfa weevil to its host plant. Ent. Soc. Amer. Ann. 62(6):1241-1245. Pienkowski., R= L..,, HSveh, E. KK. and) leCato, G. Ly aii et oGge Sexual dimorphism and morphometric differences in the eastern, western, and Egyptian alfalfa weevils. Ent. Soc. Amer. Ann. 62(6):1268-1269. Pitre, H. N. 1969. Field studies on the biology of the alfalfa weevil, Hypera postica, in northeast Mississippi. Ent. Soc. Amer. Ann. 62(6):1485-1489. - 756 - Scheibner, R. A. 1969. Winter flaming helps control alfalfa weevil. Hoard's Dairyman 114(4):250-251. Sprenkel, R. K. and Yendol, W. G. 1969. Effects of apholate on the alfalfa weevil. J. Econ. Ent. 62(1):122-125. Wilson, M. C. 1969. Who's afraid of the big bad weevil? Grow alfalfa in spite of him! Here's how you can do it in 1969. Hoard's Dairyman 114(4):212-214. Wilson, M. C., Huber, R. T., Gerhold, J. F., and Hintz, T. R. 1969. Buildup of the alfalfa weevil parasite Bathyplectes curculionis in Indiana. J. Econ. Ent. 62(6):1517-1518. Wilson, M. C., Pass, B. C., and Bennett, S. E. 1969. Influence of annual Spring Seeding of alfalfa on alfalfa weevil popula- tions. J. Econ. Ent. 62(6):1421-1423. U.S. Dept. Agr. Prepared by Pest Survey and Coop. Econ. Ins. Rpt. Technical Support Staff 22(45) :755-757, 1972 - 7957 - DETECTION New State Record - OLIVE SCALE (Parlatoria oleae) - DELAWARE - Sussex County. (p. 751). New County Records - ALFALFA PLANT BUG (Adelphocoris lineolatus) VIRGINIA - Montgomery (p. 750). A MEALYBUG (Conchaspis angraeci) FLORIDA - Alachua (p. 751). NORTHERN CORN ROOTWORM (Diabrotica longicornis) VIRGINIA - Wythe, Montgomery (p. 749). A NOTODONTID MOTH (Symmerista albifrons) WEST VIRGINIA - Mineral (p. 7 75205 SOYBEAN CYST NEMATODE (Heterodera glycines) MISSISSIPPI - Chick- asaw (p. 753). WEATHER OF THE WEEK ENDING NOVEMBER 6 Reprinted from Weekly Weather and Crop Bulletin supplied by Environmental Data Service, NOAA. PRECIPITATION: A vigorous storm spread winter weather over the western Great Plains early in the week. Snow accumulated to sev- eral inches in parts of North Dakota and Minnesota; up to 2 feet or more in spots in South Dakota, Colorado, and western Nebraska; several inches in western Kansas. Gregory, South Dakota, received 25 inches of snow of which 20 inches remained on the ground Monday | morning, November 6. In Nebraska, precipitation fell as snow in the west, rain in the east, and treacherous mixtures of snow, rain and freezing rain in central sections. Southerly winds loaded the air over eastern portions of the country with moisture. As a cold front associated with the winter storm crossed the area, heavy rains fell from eastern Oklahoma to West Virginia and southward to the Gulf of Mexico. Totals ranged from 3 to 7 inches in northern Arkansas and 6 to 13 inches in the central part of that State. Flooding occurred along streams in Missouri and Arkansas. Hazelgreen, Missouri, received 7.32 inches of rain. Generous but lighter rains fell from the Great Lakes to the Ohio River Valley and east of the Appalachians. Precipitation was generally light west of the Rocky Mountains except in the Far Northwest where some heavy rains fell in the last half of the week. Southern California and western Arizona received no rain. Light precipita- tion occurred from eastern Arizona to western Texas. The weekend | was pleasant in the Central and South but a new storm was develop-| ing in the northern Great Plains. TEMPERATURE: The early winter storm spread cold weather over the Rocky Mountains and nearby Great Plains early in the week. Temper- ature at West Yellowstone, Montana, plunged to 11 degrees below zero Monday morning, October 30. Cold air continued southward. Alamosa, Colorado, recorded 4 degrees below zero Thursday morning. Subfreezing weather occurred in New Mexico and western Texas as far south as the Mexican border Wednesday and Thursday mornings. The western half of the Nation averaged cooler than normal. Tem- peratures over the central and southern Rocky Mountains and the western Great Plains averaged 6 to 15 degrees warmer than normal. Cold air reduced maximum temperatures over the East late in the week. Much of the area from the northern Mississippi River to New England did not warm higher than the 40's Saturday afternoon, Maximums in the 50's were common in Kentucky and Tennessee. Florida continued-to warm to the 80's. - 758 - U.S. DEPARTMENT OF AGRICULTURE HYATTSVILLE, MARYLAND 20782 POSTAGE AND FEES PAID OFFICIAL BUSINESS U.S. DEPARTMENT OF PENALTY FOR PRIVATE USE, $300 AGRICULTURE AGR 101 o0ol 0004 SMINLISMIA122 34037 SMITHSONIAN INSTITUTION LIBR- ARIES SMITHSONIAN INST WASHINGTON DC 20560 _ VOL.22 Nos. 46-48 November [972 § AZ Poy 7 Ent. Cooperative EConomic Insect Report Issued by PLANT PROTECTION AND QUARANTINE PROGRAMS ANIMAL AND PLANT HEALTH INSPECTION SERVICE U.S.DEPARTMENT OF AGRICULTURE ANIMAL AND PLANT HEALTH INSPECTION SERVICE PLANT PROTECTION AND QUARANTINE PROGRAMS PEST SURVEY AND TECHNICAL SUPPORT STAFF The Cooperative Economic Insect Report is issued weekly as a service to American Agriculture. Its contents are compiled from information supplied by cooperating State, Federal, and industrial entomologists and other agricultural workers. In releasing this material the Service serves as a Clearing house and does not assume responsibility for ac- curacy of the material. All reports and inquiries pertaining to this release, — including the mailing list, should be sent to: | CEIR Pest Survey and Technical Support Staff Plant Protection and Quarantine Programs Animal and Plant Health Inspection Service United States Department of Agriculture Federal Center Building Hyattsville, Maryland 20782 Volume 22 December 1, 1972 Numbers 46-48 COOPERATIVE ECONOMIC INSECT REPORT HIGHLIGHTS Current Conditions GREENBUG damaged 3,000-4,000 acres of wheat in central Washington. (p. 761). NANTUCKET PINE TIP MOTH unusually severe in pine plantations in eastern Virginia. (p. 763). ORANGESTRIPED OAKWORM and a GEOMETRID MOTH heavily defoliated several thousand acres of forest in southern New Jersey. Gorm 7G3))) . Detection New State records include WHITE PINE WEEVIL in California (p. 763), and a CALLIPHORID FLY in Virginia (p. 766). For new county records see page 766. Special Report Mediterranean Fruit Fly. Selected References 1950-1955. (pp. 769- (74). NOTE: In the November 10 issue of the CEIR (Volume 22, No. 45) there was a copy of a Gypsy Moth Quarantine map dated, "Revised September 5, 1972.'"' This map did NOT depict the regulated area resulting from 1972 surveys. It is anticipated the quarantine map with the 1972 regulated areas will be published early in 1973. Reports in this issue are for weeks ending November 10 through November 24 unless otherwise indicated. - 759 - CONTENTS Special Insects of Regional Significance.......... jloobonooboc 7 (6m Insects Affecting Corny sy Sovechum; Susancanek. 25 (olan © nes yen iene oa sh a alice: Sees 163 @ Sma iGraimis\yie se cuss s(sleke sisi siete COW Ornamen tadis sik ee 763 | Hoag ere ewmMeSkercrey sick cue ee erence 761 Forest and Shade Trees.....763 9 Soybeans) adie ere sees wes (62 Man: and: Animals?) shee Seen 764 — COLTON D whee Bec .....762 Households and Structures. .764 | Deciduous Fruits and Nuts.: .762-. Stored’ Products: 5.4... 0a" (65 19 IsximEnesk@reyil IMIMSXCUES 5 Go dnosoocdcs Ba dearena ma eters veratemere OUD Oicinioo cc o4 COS Federal and State Plant Protectaon Prosrams... J. 222 5 LOS) Dette ctalony ys ueiene DUNT) Once DAOsORe: Heocom: = Lor o ooo oe waite ei lac'ei'e) o:rortontetnetreres 3 burmcmonoion ae CORMECELONS stasis sid sci e oe Moo mae oo ame a eh BID Ho ad oa dic c moon oe A COE Hawais Minsecteheporit. sso ee Bi dinate Sle nerteete COTE Ol Gio S. o'c Pee SZ Mediterranean Fruit Fly. Selected References 1950-1955........ 769 NATIONAL WEATHER SERVICE'S 30-DAY OUTLOOK MID-NOVEMBER TO MID-DECEMBER 1972 The National Weather Service's 30-day outlook for mid-November to mid-December calls for temperatures to average below seasonal normals in the central and southern Plains, the middle Mississippi | Valley and California. Above normal temperatures are indicated for | the Great Lakes region, the Northeast, Florida, and the northern intermountain region. Elsewhere near normal temperatures are in prospect. Precipitation is expected to exceed normal in the eastern half of the Nation and west of the Divide except for near normal amounts over the southern Plateau region. Subnormal precipitation is expected to be limited to the Rio Grande Valley. In unspecified areas near normal totals are expected. Weather forecast given here is based on the official 30-day "Resume and Outlook" published twice a month by the National Weather Service. You can subscribe through the Superintendent of Documents, Washington, D.C. 20250. Price $5.00 a year. WEATHER OF THE WEEK ENDING NOVEMBER 27 Reprinted from weekly Weather and Crop Bulletin Supplied by environmental Data Service, NOAA, PRECIPITATION: The week began with clouds covering much of the Nation. The main exceptions were an area from California across the southern Rocky Mountains to the western edge of Texas, a small | portion of the middle Mississippi River Valley, and extreme ; southern Florida. Fog was widespread early Monday from the northern portion of the Great Basin to the upper and middle Mississippi River Valley, and from Lower Michigan to the Tennessee River Valley, A vigorous storm centered off the northern Atlantic coast continued to produce heavy rain along the coast and snow in northeastern : New York and northern New England. New York City received more rain) this month than any previous November and more rain in 1972 than in any previous calendar year. Weather of the week continued on page 768. - 760 - SPECIAL INSECTS OF REGIONAL SIGNIFICANCE GREENBUG (Schizaphis graminum) - ARKANSAS - Survey negative in Washington County week ending November 17. (Boyer). OKLAHOMA - Averaged less than 1 per linear foot in ungrazed wheat in El Reno area, Canadian County. None found in ungrazed field near Chickasha, Grady County, week ending November 17. (Okla. Coop. Sur.). KANSAS - Economic in one wheat field; averaged 250 per drill row foot in 5-inch wheat in northern Finney County. Less than 1 percent dead leaves seen. Some treating reported in Wichita County, primarily confined to southern part. (Bell). NEBRASKA - Ranged 20-65 per linear row foot in early planted small grain fields in Osceola and Stromburg area of Polk County. Some fields destroyed, others showed minor damage. Several fields treated in October showed good control. (Keith). SOUTH DAKOTA - Continued to damage winter wheat near Kennebec, Lyman County, and other winter wheat fields in spite of accumulated snowfall of 4-8 inches October 30 and November 2. During period November 3-10, temperatures in 40's and 50's in wheat areas in western part of State. Coccinellidae also active in these fields. (Jones). WASHINGTON - Damaged 3,000-4,000 acres of wheat at Wilson Creek, Grant County, as of November 10. Ranged 500-1,000 per plant; some young plants almost destroyed. (Foeppel, Retan). CORN LEAF APHID (Rhopalosiphum maidis) - KANSAS - Trace in some wheat in Finney, Haskell, Seward, and Meade Counties. None seen in Scott, Greeley, Wichita, Gray, Stanton, and Stevens Counties. (Bell). CORN, SORGHUM, SUGARCANE SOUTHWESTERN CORN BORER (Diatraea grandiosella) - ARIZONA - Sorghum field south of Peoria, Maricopa County, almost total loss week ending November 17. (Shields). SMALL GRAINS APPLE GRAIN APHID (Rhopalosiphum fitchii) - KANSAS - Moderate to heavy on lower stems of wheat in some fields in west-central and southwest districts. Heaviest infestation 700 per row foot in northern Finney County field. (Bell). FORAGE LEGUMES ALFALFA WEEVIL (Hypera postica) - INDIANA - Oviposition in alfalfa unusually light over most of State. Egg counts per square foot by county: Knox zero, Harrison 13, Steuben 13, La Porte (study fields) 76. (Wilson, Armbrust). KENTUCKY - Eggs averaged 22 and 1.4 per square foot at 2 locations in Fayette County. Larvae averaged 0.1 per square foot at one location. (Barnett, Parr). TEXAS - Adults noted for first time this fall in Brazos River Bottoms of Brazos and Burleson Counties. Averaged 7 per 40 sweeps. (Latham). OKLAHOMA - Adults moved into alfalfa in Stephens County with mating and egg laying begun by first week in November. Eggs ranged 6-8 per square foot in Payne County November 13, averaged 18 per square foot in Stephens County -November 17. (Okla. Coop. Sur.). UTAH - Adults heavy in duff near alfalfa fields west of Snowville in Curlew Valley, Box Elder County, week ending November 17. (Knowlton). - 761 - A WEEVIL (Pantomorus taeniatulus) - ALABAMA - Adults heavy on leaves of annual Lespedeza and other legumes along roads and fields in Lee County week ending November 17. Larval feeding not noted. (Barwood et al.). PEA APHID (Acyrthosiphon pisum) - UTAH - Heavy in many Millard County alfalfa fields week ending November 17. (Chapman, Knowlton). ARKANSAS - Light, ranged 10-15 per 100 sweeps, in Washington County alfalfa week ending November 17. (Boyer). THREECORNERED ALFALFA HOPPER (Spissistilus festinus) - OKLAHOMA - Adults and nymphs continued very heavy in alfalfa in Washita, Custer, and Beckham Counties. (Okla. Coop. Sur.). SOYBEANS A CERAMBYCID BEETLE (Dectes texanus texanus) - NORTH CAROLINA — Larval damage economic for first time in Piedmont area of Anson and Cumberland Counties. Checks in southern Anson County revealed general larval infestation in weeds and soybeans. About 20 fields observed with infested soybean plants ranging 1-40 percent. One combined field estimated to have 25 percent lodging. (Hunt, Potter, Jernigan). TENNESSEE - Adults taken on soybeans in Dyer County August 6, 1971, Lauderdale and Shelby Counties August 30, 1971, and Fayette County August 5, 1971. Collected and determined by Patrick. These are new county records. (Gordon, Bruer ). COTTON TOBACCO BUDWORM (Heliothis virescens) - OKLAHOMA —- Larval determinations indicate budworms very common in treated cotton in several western and southern counties during August and September. During September, comprised about 90 percent of the bollworm population in Jackson, Harmon, and Greer Counties, and about 100 percent in Washita County. In Bryan County, about 80 percent of population was budworms by mid-August. (Okla. Coop. Sunes ie COTTON LEAFPERFORATOR (Bucculatrix thurberiella) - OKLAHOMA - Larvae collected October 9 at Chickasha, Grady County, by D.C. Arnold, D.C. Peters, R.G. Price, and J.H. Young; Caddo and Washita Counties by E. Cleveland; Noble County by J.H. Young; Cotton County by J. Coakley; and Bryan County by B. Hines. These are new county records. (Okla. Coop. Sur.). DECIDUOUS FRUITS AND NUTS PECAN WEEVIL (Curculio caryae) - OKLAHOMA - Infested 60-80 per- cent of nuts on untreated trees in orchard in Rogers County week ending November 10. During next 7 days, infestations ranged 20-30 percent on untreated native pecans and 25-45 percent on untreated improved varieties in Noble County orchard. (Okla. COOO> SWE, }) 6 HICKORY SHUCKWORM (Laspeyresia caryana) -—- ALABAMA - Overwintering larvae heavy in shucks of nuts under all pecan trees examined during first part of November in Lee, Montgomery, Mobile, Baldwin, | Monroe, and Wilcox Counties. (McQueen). - 762 - CITRUS AN ARMORED SCALE (Unaspis citri) - FLORIDA - Taken November 16 by V.C. Brown on Valencia orange (Citrus sinensis) at Immokalee, Collier County. This is a new county record. (Dekle). ORNAMENTALS A GEOMETRID MOTH (Thysanopyga intractata (Walker)) - VIRGINIA - Larvae heavily damaged American holly in four counties. Northumberland, collected by E.M. Daniel October 23. Determined by D.M. Weisman. Prince George, collected by P.S. Harris November 6; Westmoreland collected by N.P. Pfucha November 14; Hanover, collected by C.W. Saunders November 11. All determined by W.A. Allen. These are new county records. (Allen). A LACE BUG (Stephanitis takeyai) - PENNSYLVANIA - Adults collected October 12 on Pieris japonica in Boalsburg, Centre County, by T. Wolf and F. Dinsmore. Determined by T.J. Henry. This is a new county record. (Kim). DIASPIDID SCALES - FLORIDA - Adults of Acutaspis morrisonorum and Velataspis dentata collected on palmetto (Sabal sp.) October 24 at Ft. Myers, Lee County, by W.E. Wynn and H.L. Gillis. These are new county records. (Fla. Coop. Sur.). AN ARMORED SCALE (Phenacaspis cockerelli) - FLORIDA - All stages caused severe damage to leaves of Magnolia grandifolora at Tampa, Hillsborough County, with 99 percent of 100 sampled plants showing damage. (Baker, Lowery). MEALYBUGS (Geococcus coffeae) - FLORIDA - This species and Phenacoccus solani collected on Sida rhombifolia and Schinus terebinthifolius October 25 at Homestead, Dade County. G. coffeae is a new county record. (Fla. Coop. Sur.). Fa FOREST AND SHADE TREES WHITE PINE WEEVIL (Pissodes strobi) - CALIFORNIA - Collected from Sitka spruce (Picea sitchensis) at Fort Dick, Del Norte County, during October 1972 by R.E. Dresser. Determined by T.N. Seeno. Confirmed by R.E. Warner. This is a new State record. (PP), NANTUCKET PINE TIP MOTH (Rhyacionia frustrana) - VIRGINIA - Unusually severe damage reported to pine plantations and yard trees in Portsmouth area, Nansemond County, during week of November 24. (For. Pest Surv. Rpt.). FLORIDA - Pupae heavy on 132 loblolly pine trees, Pinus taeda, at Gainesville, Alachua County; November 10. (O'Steen). ORANGESTRIPED OAKWORM (Anisota senatoria) - NEW JERSEY - Larvae completely defoliated several thousand acres of oaks in southern Ocean County. Present each summer in small scattered spots, this is largest single infestation ever noted in State. (McNally, Oct)’. A GEOMETRID MOTH (Lambdina pellucidaria) - NEW JERSEY - Larvae heavily defoliated about 5,000 acres of pitch pine forest in southern area during October. This pest rarely causes such extensive damage in State. (McNally). FOREST TENT CATERPILLAR (Malacosoma disstria) - MINNESOTA - Egg mass surveys completed in Koochiching, northern Itasca, and northern St. Louis Counties. Number of egg masses per sample and area of infestation considerably reduced from past years. (Minn. Besit pie). MAN AND ANIMALS SCREWWORM (Cochliomyia hominivorax) - Total of 4,948 confirmed cases reported in continental U.S. during period October 29 to November 18 as follows: Texas 4,817; Arizona 108; New Mexico 15; California 4; Oklahoma 3; Kansas 1. Special surveillance operations around Dermopolis, Alabama, and Radium Springs, Georgia, have been discontinued with 32,888 and 25,027 head of cattle inspected respectively. Number of sterile flies released in U.S. this period totaled 470,230,700 as follows: Texas 379,658,800; Arizona 53,635,000; Florida 12,680,000; New Mexico 2,872,500; California 1,720,000; Georgia 1,000,000; Louisiana 664,400. Total of 1,398 cases reported in Mexico this period. Total of 90,591,800 sterile flies released in Mexico. (Anim. Health). HORN FLY (Haematobia irritans) - MISSISSIPPI - Adults averaged less than 100 per head on cattle in Oktibbeha County week ending November 10. Counts decreased week of November 17; adults averaged less than 25 per head of 30 mixed cattle. (Robinson). COMMON CATTLE GRUB (Hypoderma lineatum) - OKLAHOMA - Packing plants in several areas of State reported damage in carcasses much heavier than at this time in 1971. One lot of cattle averaged 85 percent infested. Grubs light on cattle in Comanche Comaiy, (Okla. COCO, Slieo, Now. LW). NORTHERN FOWL MITE (Ornithonyssus sylviarum) - PENNSYLVANIA - Counts of 200 mites per bird seen on 6,000 layers in Bonneauville, Adams County; 10 percent loss in production. (Walker). EAR TICK (Otobius megnini) - OKLAHOMA —- Still heavy on cattle in Comanche County, moderate in Johnston County week ending November 17. (Okla. Coop. Sur.). MOSQUITOES - OKLAHOMA - Adults, mainly Culex tarsalis, continued common and annoying in Stillwater area, Payne County, week ending November 11, despite cool weather previous 14 days. (Okla. (COOM4 SUE >) < DOUGLAS FIR TUSSOCK MOTH (Hemerocampa pseudotsugata) - OREGON - Allergic reactions to larval hairs reported by 80-100 loggers involved in salvage operations in eastern part of State. Symptoms include eczema and difficulty in breathing. (Penrose). HOUSEHOLDS AND STRUCTURES REDSHOULDERED HAM BEETLE (Necrobia ruficollis) - NEW HAMPSHIRE - Thousands of adults and larvae infesting tannery at Lebanon, Grafton County. (Pestana). - 764 - STORED PRODUCTS NAVEL ORANGEWORM (Paramyelois transitella) - OREGON - Larvae infested 3,400 pounds of walnuts shipped from out of State to Medford. Shipment sampled week ending November 24; 28-60 percent of nuts affected. (Summers). INDIAN MEAL MOTH (Plodia interpunctella) - FLORIDA - Larvae common in shelled corn, hundreds of adults on wall of corn crib, at Laurel Hill, Okalossa County. (Carroll, Nov. 16). RED-HORNED GRAIN BEETLE (Platydema ruficorne) - NEBRASKA - Damaged stored ear corn near Bruno, Butler County. Determined by T.J. Spilman. This is a new county record. (Keith, Nov. 15). RICE WEEVIL (Sitophilus oryzae) - OKLAHOMA - Heavy in farm stored wheat in Washita County. (Okla. Coop. Sur.). BENEFICIAL INSECTS A FLEA BEETLE (Longitarsus jacobaeae) - WASHINGTON - About 500 adults released on tansy ragwort November 9 near Battle Ground, Clark County. (Shanks). OREGON - Released 500 adults on tansy ragwort rosettes on State land in western Marion County, November 9. (Westcott, Penrose). A SAGE WEEVIL (Phrydiuchus tau) - OREGON - Total of 448 adults from Yugoslavia released on Mediterranean sage, Salvia aethiops, in Lakeview area, Lake County, November 2, 1972. (Andres). Few live adults observed in July 1972 at two 1971 release sites south and west of Lakeview, indicating successful completion of one life cycle. (Penrose). A TACHINA FLY (Spathimeigenia spinigera) -—- OKLAHOMA - One specimen reared from 30 cocoons of Neodiprion excitans (a conifer sawfly) collected in Haskell County March 7, 1972. S. spinigera determined by C.W. Sabrosky. (Okla. Coop. Sur.). FEDERAL AND STATE PLANT PROTECTION PROGRAMS BEET LEAFHOPPER (Circulifer tenellus) - CALIFORNIA —- Total of 94,753 acres of beet leafhopper infested Russian thistle stands in San Joaquin Valley treated October 26. Recent surveys showed much better kill this year than in fall 1971. Delayed starting date resulted in more uniform population control; 72-hour kill checks revealed almost total control in many areas. (Cal. Coop. Rvite)2 EUROPEAN CRANE FLY (Tipula paludosa) -— WASHINGTON - One adult male collected at golf course near Retnon, King County, September 7, 1972, by L. Campbell. Determined by W.J. Turner. Confirmed by G.W. Byers. This is a new county record and most southern collection of this pest in State. (Campbell, Turner). IMPORTED FIRE ANT (Solenopsis sp.) - TENNESSEE - All surveys to date in 1972 have been negative. (Gordon et al.). - 765 - PINK BOLLWORM (Pectinophora gossypiella) -— CALIFORNIA —- Non- sterile moths still trapped in sex lure traps baited with hexalure during week ending November 17. No larvae detected. Only single males trapped with total of 34 for San Joaquin Valley this season. Sterile moth releases total 95,600,000. (Cal. Coop. Rpt.). ARIZONA — Ranged O-6 per bale in Cochise County week ending November 24. (Kozloski). NEW MEXICO - Infestations remained generally heavy in late bolls still in cotton fields in Dona Ana County week ending November 10. (N.M. Coop. Rpt.). Lint cleaner inspections during week of November 17 in Chaves and Lea Counties revealed few larvae. Inspections in southern Eddy County showed much heavier populations; lint cleaner glasses nearly obscured by larvae. (Perry). WOOLLY WHITEFLY (Aleurothrixus floccosus) - CALIFORNIA - Heavy populations on citrus trees widespread in Carlsbad, San Diego County, week ending November 17. Infestation apparently existed at undetected low level until population explosion this year with climatic conditions exceptionally favorable for many varieties. Each infested property received 25 parasites as MMEOG UA EHO COetcrtec, (CHIL, Cooa. Rote.) + DETECTION New State Records - A CALLIPHORID FLY (Protocalliphora hirudo) - VIRGINIA —- Pupae taken subcutaneously from head of house wren Augus< 22, 1972, in Roanoke County. Collected by A.0O. Engdash® Determined by C.W. Sabrosky. (Allen). WHITE PINE WEEVIL (Pissodes strobi) - CALIFORNIA - Del Norte County. (p. 763). New County Records - AN ARMORED SCALE (Unaspis citri) FLORIDA - Collier (p. 763). A CERAMBYCID BEETLE (Dectes texanus texanus) TENNESSEE - Dyer, Lauderdale, Shelby, Fayette (p. 762). COTTON LEAFPERFORATOR (Bucculatrix thurberiella) OKLAHOMA - Grady, Caddo Washita, Noble, Cotton, Bryan (p. 762). RED-HORNED GRAIN BEETLE (Platydema ruficorne) NEBRASKA - Butler (p. 765). DIASPIDID SCALES - Acutaspis morrisonorum, Velataspis dentata — FLORIDA - Lee (p. 763). EUROPEAN CRANE FL Y (Tipula paludosa) WASHINGTON - King (p. 763). A GEOMETRID MOTH (Thysanopyga intractata) VIRGINIA Northumberland, Prince George, Westmoreland, Hanover Gor 763). A LACE BUG (Stephanatis takeyai) PENNSYLVANIA - Centre (p. 763). A MEALYBUG (Geococcus coffeae) FLORIDA - Dade (p. 763). CORRECTIONS CEIR 22(44):740 - HOUSEHOLDS AND STRUCTURES: "A DERMESTID BEETLE (Anthrenus coloratus) NORTH CAROLINA ... O.L. Stephan ...'" should readea y= DL stephan soo (Caiman te))’g - 766 - HAWAII INSECT REPORT Corn - CORN EARWORM (Heliothis zea) heavy in 0.5 acre corn at Pupukea, Oahu; 95 percent of nearly mature ears with one or more young larvae in silks or ear tips. General Vegetables —- PEPPER WEEVIL (Anthonomus eugenii) heavy in 0.25 acre of Sweet peppers at Hawaii Kai, Oahu; about 40 percent of fruit infested with one or more larvae or adults. (Kawamura). TOMATO PINWORM (Keiferia lycopersicella) moderate and light on foliage in yard plantings of potato and eggplant, respectively, at Kula, Maui. Larval parasitism by a braconid (Apanteles scutellaris) heavy in nearby tomato planting. (Miyahira, Kawamura). Larvae of LEAFMINER FLIES (Liriomyza spp.) and BEET ARMYWORM (Spodoptera exigua) moderate in yard planting of green onions at Manoa, Oahu; about 85 percent of plants affected. Both species moderate to heavy in commercial plantings at Waianae, Oahu. (Otsuka, Yamamoto). Fruits and Nuts - Larval damage by a NOCTUID MOTH (Phlegetonia delatrix) heavy on about 75 percent of roadside Java plum trees at Hana, Maui; 75 percent of young terminal leaves damaged. (Ah Sam). Forest and Shade Trees —- EURASIAN PINE APHID (Pinus pini) surveys during October concentrated in Koloa district, Kauai, including Omao and Lawai. Pinus plants examined mainly potted bonsai but also included ornamental pines in ground. All results negative and appears increasingly doubtful that this pest is established on Garden Isle. (For last report on this pest see CEIR Vol. 22 No. 43:727). (Kashiwai). Beneficial Insects - Melanagromyza phaseoli (bean fly) infesting cow pea and snap bean petioles on Kauai during October, 75-100 percent parasitized by BRACONIDS (Opius importatus and O. phaseoli). (Sugawa). Eggs of a TACHINA FLY (Trichopoda pennipes pilipes) present on 8 of 9 adults of Nezara viridula (southern green stink bug) collected in fallow corn field at Pupukea, Oahu. This fly purposely introduced from Antigua and Montserrat, British West Indies, and released in April 1962. Ninety-five adults of a CHAMAEMYIID FLY (Leucopis nigraluna), larvae of which are predators of nymphs and adults of Pineus pini (Eurasian pine aphid), were released at Waikii, Hawaii. About 500 adults have been released since the biological control project was initiated in March 1972. No recoveries have been made by November 17. (See Eurasian pine aphid, above). (Kashiwai). LANTANA GALL FLY (Eutreta xanthochaeta) caused heavy galling of lantana plants at Koaia Sanctuary, Kawaihae Uka, Hawaii. Heavily affected branches averaged one gall per inch. (Matayoshi). General Pests —- CARMINE SPIDER MITE (Tetranychus cinnabarinus) very heavy on 50 percent of papaya trees in yard plantings at Lahaina and Kahului, Maui; heavy on plumeria at Lahaina and 3 acres of snap beans at Waianae, Oahu. (Miyahira, Kawamura). GIANT AFRICAN SNAIL (Achatina fulica) activity light on Kauai during October; 64 snails collected at Poipu, none at Wahiawa. Baiting limited to areas of snail activity at Poipu; appears that snails remained in aestivation during this dry month. (Sugawa). NARROW WINGED KATYDID (Elimaea punctifera) feeding damage severe to greenhouse orchid and chrysanthemum blossoms at Kona, Hawaii. Similar activity noted on young coffee terminals at Kainaliu, Hawaii. (Matayoshi). - 767 - Weather of the week continued from page 760. Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, also received more rain this month than in any previous November. A storm developed early Monday in the Southwest, crossed the central and southern Rocky Mountains and dumped several inches of snow on the eastern slopes of the Rockies and the western edge of the central Great Plains. One of the heaviest amounts, 7 inches, fell at Dalhart in the Texas Panhandle and at Gage in western Oklahoma. Freezing rain accompanied snow over a large area and some roads became dangerous for motorists. Snow began falling late Tuesday over a wide area : from the Great Lakes to Tennessee and spread eastward over the | northern Appalachians. A large storm caused rain over the South | late in the week and a variety of precipitation from the Mississippi River to the Atlantic Ocean over the weekend. Week-— end precipitation included wet snow from the upper and middle Mississippi River Valley to the Appalachians and thunderstorms over the South. A storm moving up the Atlantic coast caused wide- spread rain along the Atlantic seaboard. Wet snow and mixtures of snow and rain which fell in some areas, made highway travel risky for many motorists who were returning after being away from home for Thanksgiving. TEMPERATURE: Southern Florida basked in summer weather. The temperature of Fort Lauderdale climbed to 88 degrees Monday after- noon, November 20. Winter temperatures prevailed over most of the Nation. Freezing weather occurred several mornings as far south as the Mexican border. Subzero temperatures were recorded at numerous stations, in Wyoming and the Colorado Rockies Wednesday morning. The mercury at Rapid City, South Dakota, did not get above 25 degrees Monday afternoon and plunged to 10 degrees Wednesday morning. Tuesday was the eleventh consecutive day the temperature at Rapid City has remained below 32 degrees in November since records began in 1888. The afternoon maximums over the Texas Panhandle Tuesday were 20 to 30 degrees colder than normal for late November. Amarillo warmed to only 26 degrees in the heat of the day Tuesday. Cold weather spread over almost the entire Nation. Temperatures in the low 40's were common along the gulf coast Wednesday morning when Mobile, Alabama, registered 42 degrees. The weekend brought warmer weather to much of the West but only slight warming in the East. Temperatures averaged warmer than normal from Washington and Oregon to Wisconsin but cooler than normal over most of the rest of the Nation. Most of the area from Kansas to Texas and eastward to the Atlantic coast averaged 6 to 10 degrees colder than normal. - 768 - MEDITERRANEAN FRUIT FLY Ceratitis capitata (Wiedemann) Selected References 1950-1955 Copies of this bibliography are available from Pest Survey and Technical Support Staff. Ackermann, E. 1951. Erfahrungen uber die Mittelmeer-fruchtfliege (Ceratitis capitata Wied.) bei citruseinfuhren. Pflanzen- schutz 3(4):78-80. Araya, F. 1954. Un aracnido predator de las moscas de fruta. Posible utilidad para la citricultura. Cien. e Invest. 10(6): 254-260. Avidov, Z. 1950. Occurrence of Mediterranean fruit fly in a plum orchard at Mikveh-Israel (1945-1949). Jewish Agency Batesianel ple. RES .wiota. Ls233—244 3) in) He). Abridged Engl. trans. pp. 51-54. Avidov, Z. and Swirski, E. 1952. Laboratory tests on the effect of chlorinated hydrocarbon compounds on the Mediterranean fruit fly. Israel Agr. Res. Sta. Ktavim 2/3:191-197. In He. English translation pp. 53-56. Baas, J. 1955. Die Mittelmerrfruchtfliege Ceratitis capitata Wied. in Mitteleuropa. Gartenbauwissenschaft 19(3) :340-365. Baas, J. 1955. Die Mittelmeer-fruchtfliege in Frankfurt am Main. Nat. u. Volk 85(3) :65-70. Baggiolini, M. 1953. La lutte contre la ceratite par piegeage a l'aide de gobe-mouches. Rev. Romande d'Agr. de Viticult. et d'Arboricult 9(5) :43-44. Balachowsky, A. 1950. La mouche des fruits (Ceratitis capitata Wied.) est-elle originaire de l'Afrique tropicale? Fruits d'Outre Mer 5(9):319-324. Balachowsky, M. A. 1950. Sur l'origine de la mouche des fruits (Ceratitis capitata Wied). Acad. d'Agr. de France Compt. Rend. 36(9) :359-363. Balock, J. W. 1951. Ethylene dibromide for destroying fruit fly infestations in fruits and vegetables. Science 114(2953) :122. Berville, Pe L953. Laemouche des truits (Ceratmiaisscapatata)). Phytoma (n.s.) 51(6):5-7. Bess, H. A. 1952. Fighting the fruit flies. Hawaii Farm Sci. 1(1):7-8. Bess, H. A. 1953. Status of Ceratitis capitata in Hawaii following the introduction of Dacus dorsalis and its parasites. Hawaii Eng. Soe. Proc. 15(1l) 7220-234; - 769 - Besson, J. 1950. La mouche des fruits (Ceratitis capitata Wieds). Soc. d'Hort. de la Haute-Garonne. Ann. Ser. 5, 15:198-203. Bohm, H. 1951. Ein neuer fruchtschadling! Pflanzenarzt 4(10) :3-4. Bohm, H. 1954. Die Mittelmeerfruchtfliege stellt sich vor. | Bundesanst. f. Pflanzenschutz 7(12):20-21. | Boselli, F. 1952. Experiments on use of DDT against the Mediter- ranean fruit fly in Sardinia in 1951. Ann. della Sper. Agr. (n.s.) 6(4):1011-1020. In Ital., Engl. Sum. Boselli, F. 1954. Results of experiments for the control of the Mediterranean fruit fly in Sardinia in 1952. Ann. della Spex: Agr. (nis) SCL) 2239-270. In Itall., .Eneieagsume Canizo, J. Del. 1954. La mosea de las frutas. Alcor 74:18-22. Costantino, G: 1951. Control of thefruit, fly... Acre eitaleaeaGsne DNB 74S). dif Wc aL ile Costantino, G. 1954. I nuovi metodi di lotta artificiale contro la mosca della frutta (Ceratitis capitata, Wied.). Osserv. Region. di Fitopathol. per la Calabria Cir. 10. 3 pp. New methods of artificial control of the fruit fly. Cottier, W. 1952. The cold sterilization of oranges from South Africas New Zeal. Sei. Rev. 10(7) 399) Dalmeyer, W. H. M. 1952. Results obtained with aldrin and dieldrin against the Mediterranean fruit fly (Ceratitis capitata Wied) in peach orchards in France. Cong. Internatl. de Phytopharm. 3(2) :267-274. Delanoue, P. 1951. Encore la ceratite! Feuille d'Inform. Vitic. et Arbor. de Tunisie 24:8-18. Delanoue, P. and Soures, B. 1953. Contribution a l'etude capitata) Wied. Acad. d'Agr. de France Compt. Rend. 39(2): | 63-66. Delmas, H. G. 1952. Essais toxicologiques préliminaires sur Ceratitis capitata Wied. Cong. Internatl. de Phytopharm 3(2) : 289-299. Delmas, H. G. 1953. Essai de lutte chimique contre Ceratitis capitata Wied. Acad. d'Agr. de France Compt. Rend. 39(7): 394-397. Delmas, H. G. 1954. Quelques problemes pratiques soulevés par l'expérimentation de traitements contre Ceratitis capitata (Wied.) en Roussillon. Fruits 9(10) :436-442. Delmas, H. G. and Thermes, R. 1963. Essais de destruction de Ceratitis capitata (Wied.) pendant sa vie hypogee. Acad. d'Agr. de France Compt. Rend. 39(4) :222-226. = f70) = Delmas, H. G. and Thermes, R. 1953. Sur la profondeur de ‘pupaison de Ceratitis capitata Wied. Rev. de Path. Vég. et d'Ent. Agr. de France 32(1):44-49. Ebeling, W. 1953. Laboratory experiments on the control of three Species of fruit flies (Tephritidae). Hilgardia 21(17):515- 062. Feron, M. 1952. Observation sur le parasitisme de Ceratitis capitata Wied, dans le sous marocain. Rev. de Path. Vége. et d'Ent. Agr. de France 31(2):99-102. Follin, C. 1955. Skadegorare av internationell betydelse medelhavsfruktflugan (Ceratitis capitata). Sweden Stat. Vaxtskyddsanstalt Vastskyddsnotiser 19(4) :60-66. Gast, A. and Muller, G. 1954. Beobachtungen uber das auftreten der Mittelmeerfruchtfliege (Ceratitis capitata Wied.) in Basel. Schweiz. Z. f£. ObsSt- u. Weinbau. 63:202-206. Geier, P. and Baggiolini, M. 1953. Observations sur la mouche Mediterraneenne, Ceratitis capitata Wied., en Suisse. Schweiz. Ent. Gesell. Mitt. 26(1):46. Genduso, P. 1954/1955. Prove di lotta contro la Ceratitis capitata Wied in provincia di Palermo a mezzo di derivati clorurati di sintesi ed esteri fosforici. Palermo Univ. Ist. di Ent. Agr. Bol. 1:75-85. Ghesquiere, J. 1950. Un parasite de la Ceratitis capitata Wied. en France. Soc. Ent. de France Bul. 55(5):66-68. Giannotti, O. and Lepage, H. S. 1951. Preliminary note on the effect of Some modern insecticides on two pests of peach, Ceratitis capitata and Grapholitha molesta. Biologico 17(9) : 166-168. In Por. Gomes, J. 1952. Sprays for fruit pests. Lav. e Criacao 7(44):37. In Por. Grison, P., Feron, M., and Sacantanis, K. 1950. Development de la mouche des fruits (Ceratitis capitata Wied.) en milieu nutritif synthetique. Paris. Acad. des Sci. Compt. Rend. 231(19) :996-998. Juarez Montegrifo, F. 1952. Defensa de la naranja temprana contra la "mosea.'' Cam. Ofic. Sind. Agr. de la Prov. de Murcia. Bul. 111:3-4. Laurence, B. R. 1955. Ceratitis capitata Wied. (Trypetidae) in south London. Ent. Rec. and J. Variation 67(2):70-71. Leonardi, C. 1954. The fruit fly Ceratitis capitata Wied is no longer fearsome. Agr. Napoletana 21(5/6):12-17. In Ital. Mariconi, F. A. M. and Iba, S. 1955. The Mediterranean fruit fly. ErOlOstESG BiB) el7voBAs Abin, toe 4 - 771 - Martelli, G. M. 1950. Tentative trials of olive fly control by chlorinated organic compounds dusted on the soil or incor- porated in it. Ann, della Sper. Agr? (n.s.) 4(C1):158-164) Ijar (pe, , UiaerIl, Swi 4 Werree sia Tal U0), INOGE préliminaire sur le comportement de Ceratitis capitata Wied dans la région algeroise (Dipt. Trypetid.). Schweiz. Ent. Gesell. Mitt. 23(2):120-124. Martin, H. 1952. Essais de lutte contre... la mouche Mediter- raneenne des fruits (Ceratitis capitata Wied) sur peches tardives en provence. Phytoma 36(5):20-21. Martin, H. 1953. Contribution a l'etude de la mouche des fruits (Ceratitis capitata Wied) dans la region d'Alger 1949-1951. Rev. de Path. Veg. et d'Ent. Agr. de France 32(4):209-246. Engl. Sum. i Martin, H. 1953. Observations on the Mediterranean fruit fly on citrus in Tripolitania (Libya) in 1952/53. FAO Plant Protect. Bul. 1(9):132-136. Martino, E. Di. 1952. Another test on Mediterranean fruit fly control. Ann. della Sper. Agr. (n:s.) 6(C1) :5=142) lneteaeer Engl. Sum. Martino, E. Di. 1952. Comparative tests of the attractiveness of beet and carob molasses. Ann. della Sper. Agr. (n.s.) 6(4) :933-940. In Ital., Engl. Sum. As bait for Ceratitis capitata Mellini, E. 1952. The fruit fly (Ceratitis capitata Wied.). Informatore Fitopatol. 2(5):4-5. In Ital. Minatta, M. J. 1950. ''Mosca de las frutas", Ceratitis capitata (Wiedemann) su biologia y control. IDIA; Inform. de Invest. | Agr. 3(33/34):32-33. Mitjans Escala, J. 1952. Experiencias en la lucha contra la "Ceratitis capitata’’ mosca de la fruta, en Begas (III zone agricola). Cam. Ofic. Sind. Agr. de Barcelona Bul. 7:139-140. Nasser, A. A. 1954. Notes on Some insect pests in Lebanon. FAO Plant Protect. Bul. 2(9):138-139. New South Wales Department of Agriculture. Entomological Branch. 1954. Fruit flies. New South Wales Dept. Agr. Insect Pest Leaflet 1l. 8 pp. Poisson, R. and Barbotin, F. 1950. La mouche des fruits: Ceratitis capitata Wied dans l'Ouest de la France. Feuille destNallem Gnas ma Gi Soe wr Puebla, A. De La. 1950. Las frutas citricas y sus males. I-II. Rev. Ganad L0\C5) s265C6))-34e Quere, L. 1950. La mouche des fruits (Ceratitis capitata) . Vaucluse Agr. 6(115):1. II. - Lutte contre la mouche des TELS G(CILIL/)) Sal. - 772 - Riveros, J. E. 1950. ObsServaciones sobre la mosea de la fruta. La Chacra 21(241) :36-37. Rivnai, I. 1954. Measures for the control of the fruit fly. Hassadeh 35:99-101. In He. Rivnay, E. 1950. The Mediterranean fruit fly in Israel. Bul. Ent. Res. 41(2):321-341. Rivnay, E. 1954. The Mediterranean fruit fly, Ceratitis capitata Wied. Studies on its toxicants, mass migration and control in Israel. Israel Agr. Res. Sta. Ktavim 4(4):3-38. Rivnay, J. and Safran, B. 1955. War on fruit-fly in peaches in the Negev - successes and failures. Hassadeh 35(8) :627-628. In He. Ruiz Castro, M. 1951. Ampelophages deS racines et des souches de vigne, etudies dans le vignoble espagnol. Off. Internatl. du Vin. Bul. 24(244) :67-79. Ryan, F. E. 1950. Trials with new insecticides in fruit fly control. West. Austral. Dept: Agr, J: Ser. 2,°27(2) :226- 2350) Sacantanis, M. K. 1952. Etudes et obServations sur les substances attractives pour Ceratitis capitata. L'Acad. d'Agr. de France Compe. Rend. 38C5b3s=55. Sala, R. 1953. La lucha contra la mosca de la fruta. Cult. Mod. 36105) : 178-179. Seara, C. 1950. Fruit flies. How to control them. Rev. Agron. 14(157/159) :54-55 (Porto Alegre). In Por. Smith, H. S. 1950. Organization and objectives of the fruit fly work in Hawaii. Calif. Citrog. 35(3):99, 128-129. Steiner, L. F. 1952. Fruit fly control in Hawaii with poison-bait sprays containing protein hydrolysates. J. Econ. Ent. 45(5): 838-843. Steiner, L. F. 1954. Fruit fly control with poisSoned-bait sprays in Hawaii. U.S. Agr. Res. Serv. ARS-33-3. 4 pp. Tirelli, M. 1951. New method for the control of the cherry fly (Rhagoletis cerasi L.) and the fruit fly (Ceratitis capitata Wied immhiv. Sbatosanit. 205) 39. In’ Itad: Turica, A. 1953. Ciclo biologico de Ceratitis capitata Wied. en el Delta del Parana. Argentina Dir. Gen. de Invest. Agr. IDIA 63:1-3. Valent, A. 1951. Un fleau des vergers la mouche Mediterraneenne des fruits. Bul. des Engrais 330:71-73. Varela, A. 1952. La mosca oriental de la fruta es un problema internacional. Fitofilo 6(6):5-10. = U3 = Vergani, A. R, 19502) Ceratitis capitata (Wied), “mosea del Mediterraneo." IDIA; Inform. de Invest. Agr. 3(33/34):33-34. Vieira, R. 1952. Packing of fruit as preventive in the control of ‘iruat flys Erutas da Madeirasl2G)) -26=2174" tnseore Zocchi, R. 1954. Controi of Ceratitis capitata Wied. and Anthonomus pomorum L. Florence Sta. di Ent. Agr. Nota Prat. 25, la jp, “im uta. eee ne ES SM EP SEES U.S. Dept. Agr. Prepared by Pest Survey and Coop. Econ. Ins. Rpt. Technical Support Staff 22 (46-48) :769-774, 1972) -- 774 - ee cn er U.S. DEPARTMENT OF AGRICULTURE HYATTSVILLE, MARYLAND 20782 POSTAGE AND FEES PAID OFFICIAL BUSINESS U.S. DEPARTMENT OF PENALTY FOR PRIVATE USE, $300 AGRICULTURE AGR 101 037 90001 LISMIA122 34 . AN INSTITUTION LIBR THSONIAN INST 20560 0004 SMIN SMITHSONI ARIES SMI WASHINGTON DC VOL.22 Nos. 49-52 December I972 CLEFT | wo x! — @ 47 Enc. Cooperative EConomic Insect Report Issued by PLANT PROTECTION AND QUARANTINE PROGRAMS ANIMAL AND PLANT HEALTH INSPECTION SERVICE WS SPEFPAREMENT ‘OF AGRICULTURE ANIMAL AND PLANT HEALTH INSPECTION SERVICE PLANT PROTECTION AND QUARANTINE PROGRAMS PEST SURVEY AND TECHNICAL SUPPORT STAFF The Cooperative Economic Insect Report is issued weekly as a service to American Agriculture. Its contents are compiled from information supplied by cooperating State, Federal, and industrial entomologists and other agricultural workers. In releasing this material the Service serves as a Clearing house and does not assume responsibility for ac- curacy of the material. All reports and inquiries pertaining to this release, including the mailing list, should be sent to: CEIR Pest Survey and Technical Support Staff Plant Protection and Quarantine Programs Animal and Plant Health Inspection Service United States Department of Agriculture Federal Center Building Hyattsville, Maryland 20782 Volume 22 December 29, 1972 Numbers 49-52 COOPERATIVE ECONOMIC INSECT REPORT HIGHLIGHTS Current Conditions SOUTHERN CORN ROOTWORM caused economic damage to 50,000 acres of peanuts in northeast North Carolina. (p. 778). A GEOMETRID MOTH damaged holly for first time in Maryland. (p. 779). SOUTHERN PINE BEETLE outbreak still widespread in several Southern States. (p. 779). WALK INGSTICK caused widespread defoliation of hardwoods on Ozark and Ouachita National Forests in Arkansas. Gao ‘78O) . Prediction CHINCH BUG not expected to be problem in Illinois during 1973. Gomi 1S)). Detection New State records include an APHID in Missouri (p. 779), an ENCYRTID WASP in Arizona (p. 781), a LIPARID MOTH in Arizona (p. 779), a MYMYRID WASP and a PpTEROMALID WASP in Indiana (p. 781), a REDUVIID in Oklahoma (p. 781). For new county and island records see page 782. Special Reports A Method of Determining the Relative Importance of Economically Important Insects. (pp. 785-787). Estimated Losses and Production Costs Attributed to Insects and Related Arthropods - 1971. (pp. 788-805). Reports in this issue are for weeks ending December 1 through December 22 unless otherwise indicated. = 7D. = CONTENTS Special Insects of Regional Significance................... ecelenit@ ‘ Insects Affecting Geren, Sergei, Siorsekeeryne. 6 00 (CineuIS eon dooodgandossss wea Or SMBVIUIL Cees ss oe osaoaadéons fT FSmald Frudcesis suds fe, eke Ge mae Turf, Pastures, Rangeland. .777 Ornamentals...... «oe sige 2 eee Forage Legumes............ -778 Forest and Shade Trees.....779 POBVOWNES 5 ob odd Como bop oo f.8 | Man and: Anamaillis eee General Vegetables........ .778 Households and Structures..781 Stored Products. 224 seo Beneficial Insects....... eRe eal a teyegaes| sterols slay oi aijaisol 6 ar,6) eh leleiquctielte ROME = eM eEIUReDLE Federal and State Plant Protection Programs....... siete: (0) co penta rah ge Dette @twWon ws Sela sles see cere n ie ean na men HE. So oo oo Oe Hawardkiy Munsee (Rep Or bie oie. ciel oie nsretscs rst: Licey enisiisiercleetne dh aice: ear ioe uel EOS COATSCIICMS Sues oo eS Hod 6 Beals a tsrete aisles Ae fel avelig (anoyewemstrenene nee a (ap oso eee -- 184 A Method of Determining the Relative Importance of Economica Lily impor tami nse cus rrsiseicien-aeiol B fenaciatierelratioteueitelteute 4. oc suey erteponts poet hoo Estimated Losses and Ppodte ton Costs Attributed to Insects BuiaGl iysvilevinec! Maeinareoynoclsy = IO~lesgoacddoododoaodc Maori oo co Jie: Weather" of) the Week. <2 nice 5 «a ee nee ar re rE en} G5 Gon BO NATIONAL WEATHER SERVICE'S 30-DAY OUTLOOK MID-DECEMBER 1972 to MID-JANUARY 1973 The National Weather Service's 30-day outlook for mid-December to mid-January is for temperatures to average above seasonal normals over the western three quarters of the Nation except for near normal in the upper Mississippi Valley, the upper Great Lakes, and the central and southern Intermountain Region. Near normal temperatures are indicated for the eastern quarter of the Country except for below normal in New England. Precipitation is expected to exceed normal in New England, the Pacific Northwest, and northern portions of the northern Plains. Subnormal totals are indicated for the Far Southwest and also from the central Plains eastward through the middle Mississippi Valley to the Ohio Valley. Elsewhere near normal precipitation is in prospect. Weather forecast given here is based on the official 30-day "Resume and Outlook" published twice a month by the National Weather Service. You can subscribe through the Superintendent of Documents, Washington, D.C. 20250. Price $5.00 a year. | - 776 - SPECIAL INSECTS OF REGIONAL SIGNIFICANCE GREENBUG (Schizaphis graminum) - ARIZONA - No buildup seen in 6 barley fields on west side of Salt River Valley, Maricopa County, week ending December 1. (Ariz. Coop. Sur.). NEW MEXICO - Ranged 5-10 per linear foot in wheat fields in Clovis, Curry County, and Portales, Roosevelt County, week ending December 8. (Mathews). TEXAS - Survey of small grain in 10 Panhandle counties week ending November 24 showed infestations in 8 counties. Heaviest population, 100 per row foot of wheat, in Hale County. (Daniels). OKLAHOMA - Very light, averaged 1 per 10 linear feet, in wheat checked in Stillwater area, Payne County. (Okla. Coop. Sur.). ARMYWORM (Pseudaletia unipuncta) - VIRGINIA - Adult taken November 28 at light in Independent City of Virginia Beach. (Allen). CORN, SORGHUM, SUGARCANE SOUTHWESTERN CORN BORER (Diatraea grandiosella) - NEW MEXICO - Fields checked around Roswell, Chaves County, ranged 10-100 percent of stalks infested week ending December 8. Infested 10 percent of stalks in cornfields near Hobbs and Lovington, Lea County. (Mathews). CORN ROOTWORMS (Diabrotica spp.) - ILLINOIS - Soil samples collected in 3 counties during November yielded the following average counts of D. virgifera (western corn rootworm) and D. longicornis (northern corn rootworm) eggs per pint of soil: Henderson 32; Woodford 36; Warren 43. From 89 to 96 percent of the eggs were Peetonsncornis. Clil. Ins. Rpt.).. SMALL GRAINS ENGLISH GRAIN APHID (Macrosiphum avenae) - ARKANSAS - Light (10-15 per row foot) in drilled wheat in northwest area and 5-10 per row foot in Washington County week ending December 1. (Boyer). APPLE GRAIN APHID (Rhopalosiphum fitchii) - KANSAS - Light to moderate infestations found in western area wheat in surveys made during week ending December 1. Highest counts per drill row foot found in Lane (trace to 200) and Decatur (20-100) Counties. (Bell). LESSER CORNSTALK BORER (Elasmopalpus lignosellus) - ALABAMA - Some stands of small grain fields in Geneva County damaged by developing larvae week ending December 1. (Reynolds). TURF, PASTURES, RANGELAND CHINCH BUG (Blissus leucopterus leucopterus) - ILLINOIS - Over- wintering populations in native roadside grasses very light this year as in past several years. Of 14 counties surveyed, 8 produced no chinch bugs at all and only 3 had noticeable populations; Iroquois, 10.1 bugs per square foot of hibernating material, = FUT = Champaign, 15.1 per square foot, and Marion, 21.7 per square foot. Minimum population for potential economic damage is considered 250 bugs per square foot. No problem for 1973 expected. (Ill. IAS, IROw, )) - FORAGE LEGUMES ALFALFA WEEVIL (Hypera postica) - OKLAHOMA - Egg counts continued to average 106 and 100 per square foot in Stephens County alfalfa December 8 and December 16. Averaged 1 per square foot in Grady County December 16 and 7 per square foot in Payne County December 6 and December 19. Adults ranged 81-97 per 30 sweeps in alfalfa in Stephens County on December 1. (Okla. Coop. Sur.). TEXAS - Adult activity decreased during week ending December 15 in central areas. Counts in Brazos and Burleson Counties were very low but up to 20 eggs per square foot were still present. (Latham). EGYPTIAN ALFALFA WEEVIL (Hypera brunneipennis) -— ARIZONA - Adults per 100 sweeps in alfalfa: Yuma Valley 10; Gila Valley zero; Yuma Mesa 140. (Ariz. Coop. Sur.). PEA APHID (Acyrthosiphon pisum) - NEW MEXICO - Ranged 8-12 per square foot in alfalfa at Roswell and Dexter, Chaves County, during week ending November 24 and O-2 per square foot at Roswell week ending December 15. (Mathews). TARNISHED PLANT BUG (Lygus lineolaris) - OKLAHOMA - Moderate in alfalfa in Washita, Beckham, and Custer Counties week ending December U- (Okla. Coop. Suh). PEANUTS SOUTHERN CORN ROOTWORM (Diabrotica undecimpunctata howardi) - NORTH CAROLINA - Larvae caused economic damage on 50,000 acres in Northampton, Halifax, Edgecombe, Martin, Bertie, and Hertford Counties. Losses 3-5 times more severe than 1971. About 25,000 acres treated in Edgecombe, Northampton, Martin, and Hertford Counties. (Hunt). GENERAL VEGETABLES BEET ARMYWORM (Spodoptera exigua) - CALIFORNIA - Larvae damaging Swiss chard plantings in Fremont, Alameda County, and artichokes in Castrobille, Monterey County. (Cal. Coop. Sur.). CITRUS PURPLE SCALE (Lepidosaphes beckii) - FLORIDA - Taken on grapefruit November 16 at Immokalee, Collier County by W.E. Wynn and H.L. Gillis. “This is “a new county cecord. (Ela. Coopmssuger GLOVER SCALE (Lepidosaphes gloverii) - FLORIDA - Taken on grape- fruit at Immokalee, Collier County, November 16 by W.E. Wynn and Bijlb, GaiUkiSs Ginsis sik ineyy Coumnmy rweweorcl, CMa. Cooos Suse.) . A DIASPIDID SCALE (Howardia biclavis) - FLORIDA - Adults taken on lemon on motel property at Naples, Collier County, November 15 by V.G. Brown. This is a new host and county record. (Fla. Coop. Suncep ie = US) = a SMALL FRUITS GRAPE PHYLLOXERA (Phylloxera vitifoliae) - FLORIDA - Nymphs and adults collected August 14, on wild grape, Vitis sp., along U.S. 441 in Palm Beach County, one mile north of Broward County line. Determined by G.W. Dekle. Confirmed by L. Russell. This is a new County record. (Fila. Coop. Sur.) . ORNAMENTALS A GEOMETRID MOTH (Thysanopyga intractata) - MARYLAND —- Larvae caused moderate to heavy defoliation to holly for first time in State. Collected in Calvert County by W. Gaiser and St. Marys County by E. Swecker October 9; Ann Arundel County by O. Broome and Worcester County by J.L. Hellman October 10; Montgomery County by K. Anderson and R. Biggs and Charles County by J.L. Hellman October 27; Talbot County by R. Rouse December 21. All determined by J.L. Hellman. These are new county records. (U. Md., Ent. Dept.). FERN SCALE (Pinnaspis aspidistrae) -—- FLORIDA - Collected on Citrus sinensis at Ft. Drum, Okeechobee County, November 21, 1972, by H.C. Levan. This is a new county record. (Fla. Coop. Sur.). AN APHID (Sanbornia juniperi) - MISSOURI - Collected from juniper August 3, 1972, at Carthage, Jasper County, by Joseph E. Francka. Determined by L.M. Russell. This is a new State record. (Munson). FOREST AND SHADE TREES NANTUCKET PINE TIP MOTH (Rhyacionia frustrana) - NORTH CAROLINA - Late season increase in population observed on Beech Creek Seed Orchard in Cherokee County. Infestations reached 88 percent on portion of one shortleaf pine geographic source not sprayed; infestation reached 40 percent on treated portion. (USFS). SOUTHERN PINE BEETLE (Dendroctonus frontalis) - Outbreaks continued in November with widespread timber losses and heavy beetle popula-— tions occurring in ALABAMA, GEORGIA, LOUISIANA, MISSISSIPPI, NORTH CAROLINA, SOUTH CAROLINA, TEXAS, TENNESSEE , and VIRGINIA. (So. For. Pest inote Vo BARK BEETLES (Ips spp.) - FLORIDA - Results of a 1972 statewide survey indicated 38 percent increase in insect-caused tree mortality, primarily by this species. An estimated two million trees representing 250,000 cords killed during 1972. (So. For. Pesta Rp bic. )>. A SCOLYTID BEETLE (Coccotrypes dactyliperda) - CALIFORNIA - Adults heavy on fruit of Phoenix canariensis (an ornamental date palm) on Fort MacArthur grounds in San Pedro, Los Angeles County. Infestation reported generally heavy by C.L. Smola. (Cal. Coop. /Rpt.). This scolytid has been present in State for several years. (PP). A LIPARID MOTH (Orgyia rindgei) - ARIZONA - Pupal cases and Ovipositing females taken at Oak Creek Canyon, Coconino County, September 7, 1972, by D. Carver and J. May. Determined by D.C. Ferguson. Egg masses collected from ash, sycamore, willow, choke cherry, California buckthorne, beech, walnut, box elder, poison ivy, and under boulders and wood litter during delimiting survey Oetober 12. Lhis) is a new State record. (Ariz. Coop. Sur.). - 779 - WALKINGSTICK (Diapheromera femorata) - ARKANSAS - Widespread * defoliation over 16,000 acres was reported on the Ozark National Forest during November. An estimated 25,000 acres of upland hard- wood were defoliated in the Ouachita National Forest. Defoliation was light compared with the last 3 years. (So. For. Pest Rptr.). AN ARMORED SCALE (Protodiaspis didymus) - ARIZONA - Collected in Coconino County October 12, 1972, at Oak Creek and at Cherry, Yavapai County, October 21, 1972, on Quercus gambelli (Gambel oak) by T. Halstead. Determined by D.R. Miller. These are new county records. (Ariz. Coop. Sur.). AN ARMORED SCALE (Phenacaspis heterophyllae) - FLORIDA - Adults taken on slash pines at Windermere, Orange County, December 4, 1972, by F.L. Ware. This is a new county record. (Fla. Coop. Sur.). AN ARMORED SCALE (Quadraspidiotus taxodii) - FLORIDA - Taken .on bald cypress at Daytona Beach, Volusia County, June 3 by H.N. Pott and west of Lake Worth, Palm Beach County, by W.H. Pierce. Both determined by S. Nakahara. These are new county records. (Fla. Coop wou E A DIASPIDID SCALE (Comstockiella sabalis) - FLORIDA - Nymphs and adults taken on palmetto, Serenoa repens, few miles south of Lake Placid, Highlands County, October 16 by W.H. Pierce. Determined by G.W. Dekle. This is a new county record. (Fla. Coop. Sur.). MAN AND ANIMALS SCREWWORM (Cochliomyia hominivorax) - Total of 976 confirmed cases reported in continental U.S. during period November 19 to December 16 as follows: Texas 951; Arizona 17; California 8. New Mexico was free of screwworms for the first time in more than 6 months. Number of sterile flies released in U.S. this period totaled 444,702,000 as follows: Texas 416,748,600; Arizona 17,520,000; Florida 8,352,000; California 1,815,000; Louisiana 266,400. Total of 1,537 cases reported in Mexico this period. Total of 357,232,100 sterile flies released in Mexico. (Anim. Health). COMMON CATTLE GRUB (Hypoderma lineatum) - OKLAHOMA - Heavy on cattle in Comanche County and light in Pawnee County week ending December 1. Unusually heavy in some cattle at packing houses. Ranged 20-30 per head in Major County cattle herd. Heavy in cattle in Pawnee County, moderate in Comanche and Hughes Counties. Averaged 3 per head on cattle in Payne County week ending December 8. Moderate to heavy on cattle in Okfuskee County and moderate in Comanche County week ending December 15. (Okla. Coop. Sur.). EAR TICK (Otobius megnini) —- OKLAHOMA - Continued heavy in ears of cattle checked in Comanche County. (Okla. Coop. Sur.). CATTLE LICE - OKLAHOMA - Lice, mainly Haematopinus eurysternus (shortnosed cattle louse), moderate on cattle in Garfield, Okfuskee, Comanche, Oklahoma, Pawnee, and Hughes Counties. Light in Payne County. (Okla. Coop. Sur.). BROWN RECLUSE SPIDER (Loxosceles reclusa) - ALABAMA - Specimen taken from home in Franklin County week ending November 1. (McQueen). - 780 - { ; 2 7 : HOUSEHOLDS AND STRUCTURES A POWDERPOST BEETLE (Lyctus brunneus) - ALABAMA - Larvae and adults severely damaged wood paneling of cottage in Gulf State Park in southern Baldwin County. Collected November 15, 1972, by G.M. McLeod. Determined by J.T. Spilman. (McQueen). Previously reported as moderate in subflooring in house November 17, 1933, by J.M. Robinson. No Specific location in State given. (PP). STORED PRODUCTS LESSER MEALWORM (Alphitobius diaperinus) - OREGON - Heavily infesting chicken litter in poultry house in Canby area, Clackamas County. This is a new county record. (Westcott). BENEFICIAL INSECTS A REDUVIID (Empicoris orthoneuron) - OKLAHOMA - One specimen of this predator taken on corn near Hough, Texas County, July 25, 1972, by D.C. Arnold. Determined by J.L. Herring. This is a new State record. (Okla. Coop. Sur.). A LADY BEETLE (Coleomegilla maculata) - MISSISSIPPI - Clusters of 200-300 overwintering adults found in trash around Oktibbeha County alfalfa fields week ending December 1. (Nichols). A PTEROMALID WASP (Sceptrothelys grandiclava) - INDIANA — Adults of this hyperparasite emerged from a cocoon of Bathyplectes ecurculionis taken March 14 by M.C. Wilson from an alfalfa field in Knox County. Determined by B.D. Burks. This is a new State record. (Wilson). A MYMARID WASP (Patasson luna) - INDIANA - Adults emerged from Hypera postica (alfalfa weevil) eggs collected by M.C. Wilson April 5 in Harrison County. Determined by B.D. Burks. This is a new State record. (Wilson). AN ENCYRTID WASP (Aphycus fumipennis) - ARIZONA - Collected October 10, 1972, by T. Halstead on oak infested with Eriococcus euphorbiae in Yavapai County. Determined by D.R. Miller. This is a new State record. This rare parasite of mealybugs reported only twice since described in 1918, both from California. (Ariz. Coop. Site ae) me A CHALCIDID WASP (Hockeria unipunctatipennis) - OKLAHOMA - Single specimen reared from 30 cocoons of Neodiprion excitans (a conifer -sawfly) collected in Haskell County March 7, 1972. H. unipunctati- ee .. determined by B.D. Burks. (Okla. Coop. Sur.). PARASITIC WASPS - KANSAS - Following species reared from Contarinia 'sorghicola (sorghum midge) collected from infested sorghum heads October 17, 1972, in Woodson County by K.O. Bell: Eupelmus popa '(a eupelmid wasp), Aprostocetus diplosidis (a eulopid wasp), and Tetrastichus sp. (a eulophid wasp, possibly more than one species). Determined by B.D. Burks. Also laboratory reared from heads of ‘milk-stage sorghum collected October 17 and 18 in following ‘counties: Crawford, 4 Tetrastichus sp., ll E. popa; Montgomery, MO Tetrastichus sp.; Labatte,; slyletrastichusysp., 2 Ex. popa; Linn, 23 Tetrastichus sp., 12 E. popa. (Bell). ar - 781 - FEDERAL AND STATE PLANT PROTECTION PROGRAMS GRASSHOPPERS - NEW MEXICO - Various species averaged 8 or more per square yard on rangeland in northwest Chaves County. (N.M. COC. BIOs })c GYPSY MOTH (Porthetria dispar) - MICHIGAN - Large infestation involving about 50 acres located in Fremont Township in Isabella County. Large number of egg masses in area. Determined by R. Moore and M. Hanna. Confirmed by D.M. Weisman. (Sauer, Nov. 17). RED IMPORTED FIRE ANT (Solenopsis invicta) - FLORIDA - Taken at Palmdale and another site in Glades County November 22, 1972. Determined by D.R. Smith. This is a new county record. (Fla. COOD., SWae,)). RANGE CATERPILLAR (Hemileuca oliviae) - NEW MEXICO - Adults heavy and depositing eggs on rangeland in northwest Chaves County. GY Ii, Cooms Wows). DETECTION New State Records - MADEIRA COCKROACH (Leucophaea maderae) - CALIFORNIA — Nymphs inhabiting residence in Cheli Air Force Base, Maywood, Los Angeles County, week ending November 17. Considered serious pest of homes and warehouses. Collected by C. Olson, November 9. Determined by A. Hardy. (Cal. Coop. Rpt.). AN APHID (Sanbornia juniperi) - MISSOURI - Jasper County. (p. 779). (p. 779). AN ENCYRTID WASP (Aphycus fumipennis) - ARIZONA - Yavapai County. (p. 781). A LIPARID MOTH (Orgyia rindgei) - ARIZONA - Coconino County. (p. 779). A MYMARID WASP (Patasson luna) - INDIANA - Harrison County. (p. 781). A PTEROMALID HYPERPARASITE (Sceptrothelys grandiclava) - INDIANA - Knox County. (p. 781). A REDUVIID (Empicoris orthoneuron) - OKLAHOMA - Texas Coumityen Corn ols) r New County and Island Records — EUROPEAN EARWIG (Forficula auricularia) - MICHIGAN - Several specimens taken at Newberry, Luce County, residence week ending December 8. Infestation moder- ate. First record from Upper Peninsula. Collected by Mrs. F. Nomand, (Sauer). AN APHID (Lachnus salignus) -— HAWAII - Oahu (p. 784). ARMORED SCALES - Phenacaspis heterophyllae - FLORIDA - Orange (p. 780). Protodiaspis didymus - ARIZONA - Coconino, Yavapai (p. 780). AN ARMORED SCALE (Quadraspidiotus taxodii) FLORIDA - Volusia, Palm Beach (p. 780). DIASPIDID SCALES - Comstockiella sabalis - FLORIDA - Highlands (p. 780). Howardia biclavis - FLORIDA - Collier (p. 778). FERN SCALE (Pinnaspis aspidistrae) FLORIDA -— Okeechobee (p. 779). A GEOMETRID MOTH (Thysanopyga intractata) MARYLAND - Calvert, St. Marys, Ann Arundel, Worcester, Montgomery, Charles, Talbot (p. 779). GLOVER SCALE (Lepidosaphes gloverii) FLORIDA - Collier (p. 778). GRAPE PHYLLOXERA (Phylloxera vitifoliae) FLORIDA - Broward (p. 779). LESSER MEALWORM (Alphitobius diaperinus) OREGON - Clackamas (p. 781). A MEMBRACID TREEHOPPER (Antianthe expansa) HAWAII - Hawaii Island (p. 783). PURPLE SCALE (Lepidosaphes beckii) FLORIDA - Collier (p. 778). RED IMPORTED FIRE ANT (Solenopsis invicta) FLORIDA - Glades (p. 782). —- 782 - .@) (>) Fa rere HAWAII INSECT REPORT Corn - CORN EARWORM (Heliothis zea) and CORN PLANTHOPPER (Peregrinus maidis) severe in 3 acres of field corn at Kaaawa, Oahu; nearly 100 percent of mature ears with various instar larvae. (Kawamura). Earworm larvae heavy in 3 acres of sweet corn at Waimanalo, Oahu; about 80 percent of ears infested. (Otsuka, et. al.) General Vegetables - CHINESE ROSE BEETLE (Adoretus sinicus) caused heavy foliar damage in small planting of eggplant at Kahaluu, Oahu. Light damage in 0.2 acre of ginger at Waimanalo; 50 percent of leaves lightly affected. Light infestation by PEPPER WEEVIL (Anthonomus eugenii) in 0.1 acre of sweet peppers at Waimanalo, Oahu; about 10-15 percent of fruits infested with larvae and/or adults. All stages of GREENHOUSE WHITEFLY (Trialeurodes vaporariorum) moderate on younger leaves in 0.2 acre of snap beans at Waimanalo, Oahu, and heavy in 2 small plantings of eggplant at Waianae and Waimanalo, Oahu. LEAFMINER FLIES (Liriomyza spp.) heavy in small plantings of cucumber at Waianae and Waimanalo; also heavy in small plantings of okra and club gourd at Waimanalo. Moderate to heavy in small plantings of tomato, snap beans, and soybeans at Kahaluu. (Kumashiro, Wong, Otsuka). Fruits and Nuts - Colonies of FLORIDA RED SCALE (Chrysomphalus aonidum) light on coconut trees at Lahaina (50 trees) and Kihei (180 trees), Maui. (Ah Sam, Miyahira). Heavy larval infestations of MANGO SHOOT CATERPILLAR (Bombotelia jocosatrix) noted on leaves of mango tree at Waihee, Maui; 75 percent of young leaves affected. Treatments applied. On Hawaii, Polistes spp. (vespid wasps) observed preying on larvae of B. jocosatrix and contributed to effective control of this pest. (Miyahira). Moderate adult infestation of a MEMBRACID TREEHOPPER (Antianthe expansa) noted in small yard plantings of poha (Physalis peruviana) at Keeau, Hawaii. A. expansa first reported on Oahu in June 1971; this is first report of spread to neighbor island. (Matayoshi). Eggs, larvae, and pupae of CITRUS SWALLOWTAIL (Papilio xuthus) light on lemon tree at Nuuanu, Oahu. Unusual for this time of year. On Kauai, adult sightings past few weeks negative. P. xuthus apparently enters period of diapause during this period. (Sugawa, Kawamura). Turf and Pastures - GRASS WEBWORM (Herpetogramma licarsisalis) light (3+ larvae per square foot) in Kikuyu grass at Haiku, Maui. Heavy, spotty damage noted at Kaupakulua, with as many as 10 larvae per square foot. (Haw. Ins. Rpt.). Average of 14 larvae per square foot in 5 acres of pasture at Pahoa, Hawaii, during September. Parasitism by larval parasites Eucelatoria armigera (a tachina fly), Meteorus laphygma (a braconid wasp), and Trathala flavo-orbitalis (an ichneumon wasp), heavy. (Yoshioka). pen and Animals - Mosquito collections from 58 light traps on Oahu during November as follows: Aedes vexans nocturnus ranged 0-378 with total of 866; Culex pipiens quinquefasciatus ranged HO—710 with total of 1,815. (Mosq. Control Br.,State Dept. of Health). ‘Miscellaneous Pests - At Poipu, Kauai, following substantial rains and heavy hand baiting during November, about 800 GIANT AFRICAN SNAIL (Achatina fulica) specimens observed dead or dying. No snails observed at Wahiawa during same period; baiting continues, = 73s. = (Sugawa). Nymphs and adults of an APHID (Lachnus salignus) heavy on 2 weeping willow trees (Salix babylonica) at Pauoa, Oahu. This is a new island record. L. salignus was first reported on the island of Hawaii in 1911, and on the island of Maui in 1965. (Otsuka). Beneficial Insects - During November, Melanagromyza phaseoli (bean fly) infesting cowpea and ‘snap bean petioles on Kauai 98 percent parasitized by BRACONID WASPS (Opius phaseoli and O. importatus). At Waikapu and Lahaina parasitism by O. importatus was 86 and 100 percent. (Sugawa, Miyahira). During week ending December 8, an average of 29 percent of adult stink bugs observed throughout Oahu parasitized by a TACHINA FLY (Trichopoda pennipes pilipes). Similar samplings on Maui revealed 84 percent parasitism by Trichopoda spp. (Kumashiro, Wong, Otsuka, Miyahira). LANTANA DEFOLIATOR CATERPILLAR (Hypena strigata) caused moderate damage to foliage at Hookena, Kona, Hawaii. Larvae of LANTANA LEAF BEETLE (Octotoma scaloripennis) heavy on some leaves, adults generally light. On Kauai, field examinations of Melastoma malabathricum fruits revealed 64 and 11 percent infestations of a ARCTIID MOTH (Selca brunella) at Hanahanapuni and Knudsen Gap, respectively. Similar examination at Hilo, Hawaii, averaged 46 and 29 percent infestation of fruits and terminals, respectively. (Sugawa, Matayoshi). CORRECTIONS CEIR 22(44):739 - A CERAMBYCID BEETLE (Leiopus variegatus) should read Astyleiopus variegatus. This is not a new record for New Jersey. There is a specimen in the University of Minnesota labeled "New Jersey" with no further data. See Dillon, L.S. 1956. The nearctic components of the tribe Acanthocinini (Coleoptera: Cerambycidae) Part 1. Ann. Ent. Soc. Amer. 49(2):134-167. (PP). CEIR 22(46-48):764 — MAN AND ANIMALS - SCREWWORM - "'... Special surveillance operations around Dermopolis, ..." should read Wee eCMoOp Olkil Samm ehe - 784 - A Method of Determining the Relative Importance of Economically Important Insects W. A. Allen In many States, it is the responsibility of the Survey Entomologist to determine the relative importance of insects in that State. To accomplish this he must use accurate survey techniques coupled with available research and statistical data. In Virginia, pre- liminary slection and ranking of 10 currently important insects was begun by using quantitative measurements. The relative importance of insects can be measured on at least three scales: 1) management costs (i.e. the costs to control insects); 2) changes in the value of goods or property due to the presence or activity of insects (i.e. crop losses); and 3) the impact that insects have upon man and his environment. The summation of these three values, if accurately obtained, reflect the net economic evaluation of a particular species. Net evaluation is mentioned because it must be recognized that even destructive insects may also be, in part, beneficial (e.g. mosquito larvae provide food for small fish). For many crops, we are able to measure the cost of controlling crop pests and the losses they cause with current methodology. The technology to measure environmental impact of a crop pest remains, in large part, to be developed. The accompanying table shows the estimated crop losses and control costs for 10 of the more important crop pests in Virginia. The PeStedees not acelude all of (the amportant pests in jthe State. 11 is merely a best estimate based upon available data. This method of presenting information may prove valuable to survey entomolo- gists as a guideline for ranking economically important pests by itemizing crop loss and control costs. In subsequent listings of important crop pests in Virginia, additional species may be added and attempts will be made to supply missing information. Consequently, net evaluation estimates will be changed as new information becomes available. The total environmental impact was not included because of the scarcity of information in this area. Sources of Information Mosquitoes - R.E. Dorer. Spider Mites - Peaches, M.L. Bobb; apples, C.H. Hill; soybeans, R.N. Hofmaster; ornamentals, J.A. Weidhaas. Corn Earworm - Tomatoes, snap beans, sweet corn, R.N. Hofmaster; soybeans, field corn, W.A. Allen. Armyworm - W.A. Allen. Southern Corn Rootworm - J.C. Smith and A.H. Allison. Alfalfa Weevil - W.A. Allen. Mexican Bean Beetle - W.A. Allen. Japanese Beetle - Apples, C.H. Hill; peaches, W.L. Bobb; ornamentals, J.A. Weidhaas; turf, W.H. Robinson. Cabbage Looper - R.N. Hofmaster. Termites - W.H. 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An attempt has been made for the seventh year to condense loss estimates from various States into a single report. This gives a more meaningful and better overall picture of the crop losses. The data have been compiled from the crop loss estimates submitted from 13 States. The entomologists submitting the 1971 estimates are listed below. H.F. McQueen Alabama J.E. May Arizona W.P. Boyer Arkansas K.F. Kawamura Hawaii KoOo ISL, dies Kansas D.E. Barnett Kentucky J.L. Hellman Maryland R.G. Flaskerd Minnesota W.J. Brandvik North Dakota D.C. Arnold Oklahoma C.D. Gordon Tennessee L.R. Green Texas W.A. Allen Virginia Legend for pest abbreviations appears at end of loss tables. Separates of this report are available from the Economic Insect Survey and Detection Staff. U.S. Depts Agi: Coop. Econ. Ins. 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PRECIPITATION: A storm centered off the coast of British Columbialll early in week moved southwaru to the Washington coast by midweek — and intensified. It caused rain along the coast with snow in nearby hills and mountains. By midweek, heavy rain in the Pacific Northwest was accompanied by strong winds. Light snow fell over the Northern Great Plains to the Great Lakes. Treacherous mixtures of snow, freezing rain, freezing drizzle, and fog hampered travel by automobile from the northern and central Great Plains to the Mississippi River Valley and the Great Lakes. Snow accumulated a foot or more in spots of interior New England. Thunderstorms, accompanied by heavy rain, occurred in the Deep South. Up to 9 inches or more fell early Thursday. As the weekend approached, more severe thunderstorms threatened the Deep South and the Pacific storm became more intense. The weekend brought rain to the Pacific Northwest with snow in the western mountains, treacherous mixtures of snow with freezing rain, or freezing drizzle accompanied by strong winds from the central Great Plains to the Greak Lakes and combinations of drizzle and fog from the southern Great Plains to the middle Atlantic Coast. Rain, snow, clouds or fog covered much of the area from the Mississippi River to the Atlantic Ocean. In general, snow fell in northern portions, freezing precipitation glazed the area south of the snow belt, and rain, drizzle, and fog occurred farther south. The weekly rainfall totals ranged from heavy up to more than 8 inches along the Washington Coast to light sprinkles or snow flurries over the northern Great Plains. The far southwest received no rain and only light amounts fell in the Great Plains. More generous precipitation occurred over the Appalachians, the Atlantic Coastal Plains and the Deep South. i TEMPERATURE: Bitter cold continued over much of the Nation early in the week. Subfreezing temperatures occurred over northern Florida, 32 degrees in Jacksonville Monday morning. Moisant Airport, New Orleans, Louisiana, registered 31 degrees Monday. Subzero weather occurred in Northern Maine and the central Rocky Mountains. Warmer weather returned to Florida Tuesday by midweek, maximums reached the 60's and 70's generally with 84 degrees at Palm Beach Thursday. A warming trend over the western Great Plains pushed the afternoon temperatures in the 40's and 50's. A warming trend continued through the rest of the week and brought the average temperatures to above normal over almost the entire Nation. Much of the country averaged 6 to 12 degrees or more warmer than normal. - 806 - U.S. DEPARTMENT OF AGRICULTURE HYATTSVILLE, MARYLAND 20782 POSTAGE AND FEES PAID Or CICA SUaIene U.S. DEPARTMENT OF AGRICULTURE PENALTY FOR PRIVATE USE, $300 AGR 101 0004 SMINLISMI AL 29 34 SMITHSONT AN INSTITUT TON ARIES SMITHSCNTAN INST Wi ASHINGTON Oc 20560 | COP Cera f- COOPERATIVE ECONOMIC Volume 22 INSECT REPORT 1972 SPECIAL REPORTS Alfalfa leaf blotch-miner - Situation in Eastern U.S. 132, taxonomy 134 Alfalfa weevil: Distribution map 113, selected references 1970-1971 669, 1968-1969 755 Banks grass mite situation in U.S. - 1971 218 Beet leafhopper: Surveys in desert areas of central Arizona, southeastern California, southern Nevada, and southern Utah and in Texas 267 Boll weevil: Hibernation survey, fall 1971 35, review of literature on the pheromone of 200, survival surveys - spring 1972 259, additional selected references 1968-1969 366, 1970-1971 589 Cereal leaf beetle: Infestation of oats in 1970 and 1971 371 Changes in scientific names 182 Conotelus mexicanus in California 728 Cooperative survey entomologists 72 European corn borer: Estimates of damage to grain corn in U.S. in 1971 510, status in 1971 50 Golden nematode - Spread since 1949 (map) 22h, in the U.S. 264 Grasshopper adult survey, fall 1971 8 Gypsy moth: Chronological spread from 1869 to 1971 (map) 181, quarantine maps 42, 752, selected references 1970-1971 688, additional selected references 1967- 1969 717 Hawaii insect report 7, 20, 33, 44, 61, 80, 111, 131, 149, 168, 216, 232, 2h6, 258, 273, 283, 310, 323, 363, 392, 414, 431, 445, 467, 487, 507, 531, 543, 567, 585, 603, 625, 644, 666, 686, 699, 714, 727, T54, 767, 783 Imported fire ant: Ecological range based on plant hardiness (map) 48, quarantine map 286, two species in U.S. 103 Insect detection in the United States - 1971 10 Insects not known to occur in U.S.: An African honey bee 158, a bark beetle 234 Japanese beetle: Quarantine map 216, selected references 1970-1971 395 Khapra beetle: Additional selected references 1967-1969 628, selected refer- ences 1947-1966 647, 1970 512 Larinus carlinae: A European weevil collected in Maryland 418 Light trap collections 9, 21, 33, 111, 131, 186, 217, 233, 247, 263, 274, 284, 311, 324, 340, 364, 393, 416, 432, 446, 468, 488, 508, 532, 548, 568, 586, 608, 626, 645, 667, 687, 700, 715, 726, 742, 753 Losses: Estimated losses and production costs attributed to insects and related arthropods - 1971 788, report of the committee on insect surveys and losses - 1972 101 Maps (distribution): Alfalfa weevil 103, brown wheat mite 100, European red mite 151, Hessian fly 248, southern corn rootworm 342, spotted alfalfa aphid 570 Maps (quarantines): European chafer 198, gypsy moth 442, 752, imported fire ant 286, Japanese beetle 216, pink bollworm 712, whitefringed beetle 698, witchweed 740 Measuring insect infestations 314 Mediterranean fruit fly: Selected refer- ences - 1950-1955 769, 1960-1966 729, 1967-1969 702, 1970-1971 743 Method of determining the relative impor- tance of economically important insects 785 Periodical cicadas: Outlook for 1972 369 Pink bollworm: Collections of moths in a light trap, 1953 to 1971 448, quarantine map 712 Preparation of notes for Cooperative Economic Insect Report 313 State survey coordinators 68 Summary of insect conditions in the U.S. - 1971. Bean and peas 140. Beneficial insects 178-180. Citrus 154-155. Cole crops 140. Contributors 198-199. Corn, sorghum, sugarcane 89-96. Cotton 120-122. Deciduous fruits and nuts 150-154. Federal and State plant protection programs 63-67. Forage legumes 112-118. Forest insect highlights 195-198. Forest and shade trees 169-174. General vegetables 141. Hawaii 45-49. Households and structures -178. Introduction 63. Man and animals 174-178. Miscellaneous field crops 124. Ornamentals 156-157. Peanuts 120. Potatoes, tomatoes, peppers 138-10. Small fruit 155-156. Small grains 96-98. Soybeans 118-120. Special insects of regional significance 81-88. Sugar beets 123-124. Tobacco 122-123. Turf, pastures, rangeland 98-99. Survey methods: Selected references for last half of 1970, part XXXV 285 Scientific names should be used to locate all page references, except for those insects or groups of insects where scientific names were not reported. In such instances, page references will be found under common names. A combination of common and scientific names of an insect or pest may not appear on the page referred, but one or the other will be present. Underlined page numbers represent refer- ences to "Summary of Insect Conditions in the United States - 1971." Light trap collections for a particular species are listed at the end of pagination for that species under this heading. ie They, ie Acalitus vaccinii (blueberry bud mite) aime ( ) Acal; a vittata (striped cucumber beetle) 253, 320, 356 Achatina fulica (giant African snail) 7, 48, 61, 131, 246, 414, 487, 529, 567, 625, 686, 714, 767, 783 Acinia picturata (sourbush seed fly) 9 Acleris gloverana (western blackheaded budworm) 195 Acleris minuta (a tortricid moth) 12 Acleris variana (eastern blackheaded budworm) 170 Acrobasis caryae (pecan nut casebearer) 153, 255, 270, 357, 387, 408, 427, 441, 482, 621 Acrolepia assectella (leek moth) 33, 45, 532 Acronicta americana (American dagger moth) 05 Acrosternum hilare (green stink bug) 119, 577, 617, a 695 Aculops lycopersici (tomato russet mite 680 Aculus comatus (an eriophyid mite) 10, 150, 154, 4br Acutaspis morrisonorum (a diaspidid scale) 763 Acyrthosiphon festucae (an aphid) 10 Acyrthosiphon pisum (pea aphid) 19, 31, 59, 78, 88, 108, 117, 128, 145, 146, 164, 178, 190, 212, 229, 2h1, 253, 269, 279, 308, 319, 332, 353, 404, ho7, yok, 439, 456, 477, 481, 499, 521, 5ho, 551, 576, 600, 606, 616, 623, 635, 659, 679, 710, 723, T49, 762, 778 Acyrthosiphon solani (foxglove aphid) as Adalia bipunctata (twospotted lady beetle) 178, 582 Adelges cooleyi (Cooley spruce gall aphid) 255, 307, 3 Paso Adelges piceae (balsam woolly aphid) 197 Adelges tsugae (an adelgid) 109, 11, 129, 130 Adelphocoris lineolatus (alfalfa plant bug) 750, 758 Adoretus sinicus (Chinese rose beetle) 8, 339, 445, 666, 699, 783 Aedes spp. (mosquitoes) Tf, Wh, US, My, QMS, Bas, Bsil, SOs seis 337, 360, 363, 389, 411, 428-429, 463, 505, 543, 625, 683, 727 Aedes abserratus 12, 230, 256, 281 Aedes canadensis 215, 201 Aedes cantator (brow saltmarsh mosquito) 579, 582 Aedes cinereus 281, 582 Aedes diantaeus 2 Aedes dorsalis 337, 545, 579, 582, 641, 664, 683 Aedes excrucians 230, 256, 272, 281 Aedes fitchii 230, 256, 281 Aedes flavescens 281 Aedes nigromaculis ihe, Shs Aedes riparius 12 281 Aedes sollicitans (saltmarsh mosquito) 528, 579, 502 Aedes spencerii 256, 261 Aedes sticticus 261, 528 Aedes stimulans 230, 256, 272, 281, 528, 641, 643 Aedes triseriatus 177, 215, 163, 528 Aedes trivittatus 528, 697 Aedes vexans 17T, 281, 337, 360, 389, 411, 428-29, Bos) 505, 528, 564, 582, 641, 663, 664, 3 Aedes vexans nocturnus 7, 4b, 48, 131, 216, 310, 363, 507, 543, 625, 727, 783 Ageneotettix deorum (a grasshopper) 65, 193, 273, 338, 460, 529, 546, 550, 685, 698, Th1 Agkistrocerus megerlei (a tabanid) 12 Agrilus anxius (bronze birch borer) 156, 321, 682, 685 Agromyza sp. (a leaf blotch-miner fly) Ia Agromyza frontella (alfalfa leaf blotch- aitier) 1S2y 2, 30h, 319, 332, 383, 386, 405, 42h, 439, 456, 478, 499, 539, 557, 561, 576, 600, 616, 620, 659 Agromyza parvicornis (corn blotch leafminer) 303, 351 Agrotis ipsilon (black cutworm) 89, 92, 119, 123, 242, 318, 330, 351, 381, 403, Wy. Light traps: 9, 21, 33, Wl, Wes 5 2/5, 2365 Gl O85 2rihy elk, 311, 312, 324, 340-341, 364-365, 393-394, 416-417, 432-433, 446-47, 468-469, 488- 489, 508-509, 532-533, 548-549, 568-569, 586-587, 608-609, 626-627, 645-646, 667-668, 687, 700, 715, 726, Th2, 753 Agrotis orthogonia (pale western cutworm) Biles sells Ac Aleurocybotus occiduus (a whitefly) 138, Sh Aleurothrixus floccosus (woolly whitefly) 13, 19%, 392, GbL, 466, 507, 547, 584, T41, 766 Alfalfa leaf blotch-miner Agromyza frontella) Alfalfa caterpillar Colias eurytheme) Alfalfa looper Autographa californica) Alfalfa plant bug (Adelphocoris lineolatus) Alfalfa seed chalcid Bruchophagus roddi) Alfalfa snout beetle (Brachyrhinus ligustici) Alfalfa webworm (Loxostege commixtalis) Alfalfa weevil (Hypera postica) Alkali bee (Nomia melanderi) Alphitobius diaperinus (lesser mealworm) 781, 782 Alsophila pometaria (fall cankerworm) 172, 336, 368, 464 Altica ignita (a flea beetle) 280 Amathes e-nigrum (spotted cutworm) 2h2, 253, 477, 557 ( Amblyomma americanum (lone star tick 305, Tak, GG2, 505, 528, 582 Amblyomma maculatum (Gulf Coast tick) 280, 262 American black flour beetle (Tribolium audax) American dagger moth (Acronicta americana) American dog tick (Dermacentor variabilis) American grasshopper (Schistocerca americana) Amitus sp. (a platygasterid wasp) ~ Gh” oe majalis (European chafer) 322, 63, Amphitornus coloradus (a grasshopper) 6k, 330, 430, 546 Amphitornus coloradus ornatus G grasshopper) 529 Anabrus simplex (Mormon cricket) » 231, 338, 391, 413, 506, 642, 665 ree todes fragilaria (koa haole “ieene)) 8, 26, 75 a, 2 we falcifera (celery looper ) 33 Ananca kanack (an oedemerid) 10, Anaphes flavipes (a mymarid wasp) 63 Anaphothrips obscurus (grass thrips) she Anarsia lineatella (peach twig borer) 253, 40 Anastrepha suspensa (Caribbean fruit fly) 153, 179, 193 Angoumois grain moth (Sitotroga cerealella) Anisota senatoria (oranges triped oakworm ) 622, 663, 682, 696, 701, 763 Aewsigsee2. stigma (eerie caer) 712 Anomala oblivia (pine chafer) 1, 445 Anomis flava (hibiscus caterpillar) 363 Anopheles spp. (mosquitoes) 369, 505 Anopheles guadrimaculatus (common malaria aeEauieo) 369 Anthonomus eugenii (pepper weevil) U5, 191, 258, 333, 467, 644, 767, 783 Anthonomus grandis (boll eel) 31, 35, 120, 121, 164, 187, 200, 213, 242, 259, 279, 305, 320, 333, 354, 366- 368, 384, 405, 406, 425, 439-hu0O, 458, » 478-479, 500-501, 522, 541, 558-559, 577, 589, 601, 618, 637, 660, 680, 711, 150 Anthonomus signatus (strawberry weevil) 356 ( Anthophila pariana (apple-and-thorn skeletonizer) 525 Anthrenus coloratus (a dermestid beetle) (ets TA Antienthe expansa (a membracid) TRESS BORIS, BG, G85 (G25 (18s ee aan Simae Le (velvetbean caterpillar) 119, 600, 601, 613, 636, 657, 679, 710, re Antonina 2 Rhodesgrass scale _ Bs & AGREE maidiradicis See Aphis maidiradicis Aonidiella aurantii (California red scale) 155) Aonidiella citrina (yellow scale) 2, 79, 129, 165, 213, 243, 270, 306, 358, 409, 462, 483, 526, 580, 638 Apanteles congregatus (a braconid) 85, 563 Apanteles scutellaris (a braconid) 767 ( ) Aphelinus sp. (a eulophid wasp HO Aphelinus maidis (a eulophid wasp) 363 Aphidius sp. (a braconid) 557, 606 Aphids 42, 129, f 385 phis fabae (bean aphid 12, 561 : Aphis gossypii (melon aphid) T, 191, 242, 305, 354, 52h Aphis hederae (Gea) aphid) 12, 157, 255 154, 165, 189, 213, 243, 270, Aphis maidiradicis (corn root aphid) 330 Aphis a (buckthorn aphid) 0; aks ae (apple aphid) 165, 243, 357, 408, 482 soni spiraecola (spirea Spine) A ae hora sue (pine spittlebug) 17, 281, 307, Aphrophora saratogensis (Saratoga spittlebug) i721, ae Aphycus a ennis (an encyrtid wasp) aL Apion ae uum (South African emex | y 49, weevil 111 ee oe (hollyhock weevil) | solo ulicis ae (a gorse weevil) A ss mellifera (honey bee) 110, 148, 167, 180, 215, 231, 322, éah, 13} Apis mellifera adansonii (an African honey bee) 15 ( Aphycus mexicanus (an encyrtid wasp 12, pe Apotoforma sp. (a tortricid moth) 232, 585 Apple-and-thorn skeletonizer (Anthophila pariana) Apple aphid (Aphis pomi) Apple curculio (Tachypterellus quadrigibbus ) Apple grain aphid (Rhopalosiphum fitchii) Apple maggot (Rhagoletis pomonella) Apple mealybug (Phenacoccus aceris) Aprostocetus diplosidis (an eulophid wasp) 193, 7 Archips ospilus (trastinee Tae iBT 63 Archips rosanus (a eae moth) 213, 638, 643 ( ) Archips semiferanus (a tortricid moth 697, 139 Argyrotaenia pinatubana (pine tube moth) 12 Argyrotaenia velutinana (redbanded leafroller) 270, 280 Aristotelia sp. (a gelechiid moth) 699 Army cutworm (Euxoa auxiliaris) Armyworms ATT, 499, 557 Armyworm | oe unipuncta) Aroga websteri (sagebrush defoliator) oe 352, 403, 477, 498, 722 Arphia conspersa (a eresohonean) “S57, 139 Artichoke plume moth (Platyptilia carduidactyla) Ashgray blister beetle (Epicauta fabricii) Asiatic oak weevil (Cyrtepistomus castaneus) Asiatic rice borer (Chilo suppressalis) Asparagus aphid (Brachycolus asparagi) Asparagus beetle (Crioceris asparagi) Aspidiotus destructor (coconut scale) ie. 61, 131, 194, 232, 363, 414, 431, 383, 625, 6k, 666, 699, 714, 75 Aster leafhopper (Macrosteles fascifrons) Asteromyia modesta (a cecidomyiid) a ee Astyleiopus variegatus (a cerambycid Bisticl T Aulocara elliotti (a grasshopper ) ah 65, 309, 338, 4i2, 429-430, 529, 5 Autographa californica (alfalfa looper) 191, 212, 229, 269, 477, 694 Azalea lace bug (Stephanitis pyrioides) Azya luteipes (a lady beetle) iz , 19h Bagworm (Thyridopteryx ephemeraeformis ) Balsam twig aphid (Mindarus abietinus) Balsam woolly aphid (Adelges piceae) Banded sunflower moth (Phalonia hospes) Bandedwing whitefly (frialeurodes abutilonea) Banks grass mite (Oligonychus pratensis) Bark beetles 195, 196 Barley thrips {Limothrips denticornis) Barnacle scale (Ceroplastes cirripediformis) Bathyplectes sp. (an ichneumon wasp) 252, 331, 384 Bathyplectes anurus (an ichneumon wasp) 179, 322, 334, 337, 412 Bathyplectes curculionis (an ichneumon wasp) 112, 115, 179, 252, 361, 383, 412, 456, 781 Bathyplectes stenosti (an ichneumon wasp) 438, 528, sah Bean aphid (Aphis fabae) Bean fly (Melanagromyza phaseoli) Bean leaf beetle (Cerotoma trifurcata) Bean pod borer (Maruea testulalis) Bedellia orchilella (sweetpotato leafminer) 168, 194, 310 Beet armyworm (Spodoptera exigua) Beet leafhopper (Cireulifer tenellus) Beet webworm (Loxostege sticticalis) Bembecia marginata (raspberry erown borer) =Si Bemisia giffardi (Giffard whitefly) 585 Bertha armyworm (Mamestra configurata) Berytinus minor (a stilt bug) 5 Birch leafminer (Fenusa pusilla) Birch skeletonizer (Bucculatrix canadensisella) Black blister beetle (Epicauta pennsylvanica) Black carpenter ant (Camponotus pennsylvanicus) Black cherry aphid (Myzus cerasi) Black citrus aphid (Toxoptera aurantii) Black cutworm (Agrotis ipsilon) Black horse fly (Tabanus atratus) Blackmargined aphid (Monellia costalis) Black pecan aphid (Tinocallis caryaefoliae) Black pineleaf scale (Nuculaspis californica) Black scale (Saissetia oleae) Black swallowtail (Papilio polyxenes asterius) Black thread scale (Ischnaspis longirostris) Black turpentine beetle (Dendroctonus terebrans ) Blissus insularis (southern chinch bug) 99, 659, 665 Blissus leucopterus hirtus (hairy chinch bug) 643 Blissus leucopterus leucopterus (chinch bug) 95, 38, 99), 163, 227, 251, 268, 382, 403, 423, 456, 539, 634, 777 Blueberry bud mite (Acalitus vaccinii) Blueberry maggot (Rhagoletis mendax) Bluegrass billbug (Sphenophorus parvulus) Boll weevil (Anthonomus grandis ) Bombotelia jocosatrix (large mango tip borer) 1, 111, 216, 273, 783 Boopedon nubilum (a grasshopper) 33 Bootettix argentatus (a grasshopper) 5 Bothynus gibbosus (carrot beetle) 501 Boxelder leafroller (Gracillaria negundella) Boxwood leafminer (Monarthropalpus buxi) Brachycolus asparagi (asparagus aphid) 12, Dy Brachymeria intermedia (a chalcid wasp) 698 Brachymeria obscurata (a chalcid) if Brachyrhinus cribricollis (a weevil) 505 Brachyrhinus ligustici (alfalfa snout beetle) 30%, 319, 332 Brevicoryne brassicae (cabbage aphid) 7T2u Brevipalpus lewisi (citrus flat mite) 503 Broad mite (Polyphagotarsonemus latus) Bronze birch borer (Agrilus anxius) Brown citrus aphid (Loxoptera citricida) Brown dog tick (Rhipicephalus sanguineus) Brown garden snail (Helix aspersa) Brown recluse spider (Loxoseeles reclusa) Brown saltmarsh mosquito (Aedes cantator) Brown soft scale (Coceus hesperidum) Brown spider beetle (Ptinus clavipes) Brown stink bug (Euschistus servus) Browntail moth (Nygmia phaeorrhoes.) Brown wheat mite (Petrobia latens) Bruchophagus roddi (alfalfa seed SET aN 635 Bruchus pisorum (pea weevil) 140 Bucculatrix ainsliella (oak skeletonizer) lye Bucculatrix canadensisella (birch skeletonizer 172 Bucculatrix thurberiella (cotton leafperforator) 12, 45, 602, 637, 723, 738, 762 Buckthorn aphid (Aphis nasturtii) C Cabbage aphid (Brevicoryne brassicae) Cabbage looper (Trichoplusia ni) Cabbage maggot (Hylemya brassicae) Cabbage webworm (Hellula rogatalis) Cactoblastis cactorum (a cactus moth) 9 Caenurgina erechtea (forage looper) 722 Cales sp. (a chalcid wasp) enn California fivespined ips Ips confusus) California flatheaded borer (Melanophila californica) California oakworm Phryganidia californica) California red scale (Aonidiella aurantii) Caliroa cerasi (pearslug) 153, 461, 503, 621 Caliroa lineata (a sawfly) 5ub, 550 Callopistria sp. (a noctuid moth) 2 Calomycterus setarius (a Japanese weevil) E57, 5el Calosoma scrutator (a carabid beetle) ibe Cammula pellucida (clearwinged grass- Teese 6h, 322, 338, 361, 362, 391, 412, 4e9, Gh3, 465, 486, 546, 565, 664 Camponotus caryae discolor (carpenter ant) 179 Camponotus pennsylvanicus (black carpenter ant 79 Cane leafhopper egg sucker (Tytthus mundulus) Cardiophorus spp. (elaterids) Cardiophorus stolatus (an elaterid) 643, Obl Caribbean fruit fly (Anastrepha suspensa) Carmine spider mite (etranychus cinnabarinus) Carneocephala sagittifera (a cicadellid) 519, OS, 625 Carolina grasshopper (Dissosteira carolina) Carpenter ant (Camponotus caryae discolor) Carpophilus lugubris (dusky sap beetle) 15, 574, 579 Carrot beetle (Bothynus gibbosus ) Carulaspis juniperi (Juniper scale) 12 Casinaria infesta (an ichneumon wasp) 80, L67 Cattle lice 130, 148, 256, 780 Cattle tail louse (Haematopinus uadri ertusus ) Caulocampus acericaulis (maple petiole borer) 427, H31 Cecidomyia texana (guar midge) TIT, 616, 619 Celama spp. (webworms ) ~ Ba Celama sorghiella (sorghum webworm ) ; 93, 95, 555, 599, 615, 658, 694, 710, 7eal Celery looper (Anagrapha falcifera) Cephus cinctus (wheat stem sawfly) a, OF Ceramica picta (zebra caterpillar) 19 Ceratitis capitata (Mediterranean fruit fly) 702, 729-734, 743-746, 769-774 Ceratocombus vagans (a jumping ground bug) 12 Cereal leaf beetle (Qulema melanopus ) Cerococcus kalmiae (a pit scale) Lot Cerococeus parrotti (a soft scale) 12 Ceroplastes cirripediformis (barnacle scale) to 09; 108, 339 Ceroplastes floridensis (Florida wax ~acale) (21 Gea Cerotoma trifurcata (bean leaf beetle) 119, 304, 333, 355, 384, 407, 457, N78, 540, 558, 617, 636, 660, 679, 695 Ceutorhynchus litura (a weevil) f Chaetoenema confinis (sweetpotato flea beetle) 320, 356, 386, 681 Chaetocnema pulicaria (corn flea beetle) 239, 278, 302 Chaetophloeus heterodoxus (a bark beetle) 13 Chaff scale (Parlatoria pergandii) Chalcid wasps 99 Chalcodermus aeneus (cowpea curculio) 902, 52 Chelopistes meleagridis (large turkey louse 13 Cherry fruit fly (Rhagoletis cingulata) Chilocorus nigritus (a lady beetle) 7 eh Chilocorus stigma (twicestabbed lady beetle) 179 Chilo suppressalis (Asiatic rice borer) 363 Chinch bug (Blissus leucopterus leucopterus ) Chinese rose beetle (Adoretus. sinicus) Chlorochroa ligata (conchuela) 123, 476, 497, 520, 539, 542, 556, 599 Choristoneura conflictana (large aspen tortrix) 12S S8)5 H10 Choristoneura fumiferana (spruce budworm) 169, AST, 368, 427, 441, 483, 503 Choristoneura occidentalis (western spruce budworm) 169, 195, 196 Choristoneura pinus (jack pine budworm) i} 169, 453 Chorthippus curtipennis (a grasshopper) 529 Chortinaspis subchortina (an armored seale) 498, 502 Chromaphis juglandicola (walnut aphid) 154, 179 Chrysodeixis chalcites (a noctuid moth) i 392, eT a Chrysolina spp. (chrysomelid beetles) sis Chrysolina quadrigemina (a klamathweed beetle) 179, 390 Chrysomphalus aonidum (Florida red Darel 20, 216, 604, 666, 783 Chrysopa spp. (green lacewings) ste, B06, 633 Chrysopa californica (a lacewing) 606 I Cinara canadensis (a conifer aphid) (2; TL oe carolina (a conifer aphid) eae pinivora (an aphid) Sars Cinara strobi (white pine aphid) 118, 725 Circulifer tenellus (beet leafhopper ) 3p Sly BSp TES aI, Bai, Asi) Somly sii 349, 401, 709, 765 Citrus flat mite (Brevipalpus lewisi) Citrus red mite (Panonychus citri) Citrus rust mite (Phyllocoptruta oleivora) Citrus thrips (Scirtothrips citri) Citrus whitefly (Dialeurodes citri) Clastoptera achatina (pecan spittlebug) 482 Clavaspis subsimilis (an armored scale) 13 Clearwinged grasshopper (Camula pellucida) Clouded plant bug (Neurccolpus nubilis) Cloudywinged whitefly (Dialeurodes citrifolii) Clover leaf weevil (Hypera punctata) Clover seed weevil (Miccotrogus icirostris) Coccidoxenus mexicanus (an encyrtid wasp) u9 Coccinella novemnotata (a lady beetle) 3 Coccinella transversoguttata (transverse lady beetle) 178, E83 Coccinella trifasciata (a lady beetle) 17 Coccus hesperidum (brown soft scale) SERFS viridis (green scale) ~ hog, 462, 483, 526, ae 639 5 Cochliomyia hominivorax (screwworm 5, 19, 32, 42, 60, 79, 129, 147, 166, 174, 192, 21h, 230, 24h, 256, 271, 281, 336, 360, 388, 410, 428, bhi, 463, 48k, 504, 527, 55, 563, 581, 605, 622, 640, oe 683, 697, 713, 725, THO, 752, 780, T Coconut leafroller (Hedylepta blackburni) Coconut scale (Aspidiotus destructor) aaa moth Laspeyresia pomonella Coelophora inaequalis (a lady beetle) 46, 47, 111, 363, 431, 445 gelsenes pees (grape colaspis) 119 Colemegilla maculata (a lady beetle)* 178, 193, 308, 361, 443, 464, 485, 582, 781 Coleophora laricella (larch casebearer) 195 Coleotechnites milleri (lodgepole needleminer ) i Coleotichus blackburniae (koa bug) >) Colias eurytheme (alfalfa caterpillar) mon 229, 353, 355, 477, 576, 600, 616, 635, 659, 69h, 710, 722 Collops spp. (neigesl beetles) 5G Colorado potato beetle (Leptinotarsa decemlineata) *Also carried as Coleomegilla maculata fuscilabris in Vol. 22 Common cattle grub (Hypoderma lineatum) Common malaria mosquito (Anopheles quadrimaculatus) Comstock mealybug (Pseudococcus constock) Comstockiella sabalis (a diaspidid scale) 780, 762 Concephalus spp. (grasshoppers) h99 Conchaspis angraeci (a mealybug) ToL, 758 Conchuela (Chlorochroa ligata) Confused flour beetle (Tribolium confusum) Conoderus falli (southern potato wireworm) Oh Conotelus mexicanus (a sap beetle) 728, 751 Conotrachelus nenuphar (plum curculio Tea sy Seb 387 Contarinia sp. @ gall midge) 12 Contarinia schulzi (sunflower blossom midge) 459, 480, 501, 523, 619 Contarinia sorghicola (sorghum midge) To ah, U5, WS, GS), Ds 22; 330, 351, 403, 123, 438, 455, 76, hoz, 48, 520, 556, 557, 599, 634, 658, 678, 710, 722, 749, 781 Convergent lady beetle (Hippodamia convergens ) Cooley spruce gall aphid (Adelges cooleyi) Coptosoma xanthogramma (a plataspid bug) 507 Coquillettidia perturbans (a mosquito) 177, 360, 429, 463 Cordillacris cinerea (a grasshopper) ? Cordillacris crenulata (a grasshopper) 193 Corn earworm (Heliothis zea) Corn flea beetle (Chaetocnema pulicaria) Corn leaf aphid (Rhopalosiphum maidis) Tah Corn planthopper (Peregrinus maidis) Corn root aphid oes eel Sees Bed meadii (a geometrid moth) Corythucha ciliata (sycamore lace bug) sh Soo ruee confraterna (a lace bug) Corythucha montivaga (a lace bug) 13 Cosmobaris americana (a weevil) 19; Cosymbia serrulata (kiawe flower looper) Le Cotinis nitida (green June beetle) o) Cotton fleahopper (Pseudatomoscelis seriatus) Cotton leafperforator (Bucculatrix thurberiella) Cotton square borer (Strymon melinus ) Cottonycushion scale (Icerya purchasi) Cowpea curculio (Chalcodermus aeneus) Crapemyrtle aphid (Tinocallis kahawaluokalani) , Crioceris asparagi (asparagus beetle Ban Crioceris duodecimpunctata (spotted asparagus beetle 35) Croesia albicomana (oak leaftier) 172, 214, 368, 10 Cryptarcha ampla (a sap beetle) 57h, 519 Cryptoblabes aliena (a pyralid moth) Cryptochetum iceryae (a eryptochetid fly) 49, 60 Cryptolaemus spp. (lady beetles) 390, , 624, 684 Cryptolaemas montrouzieri (a lady beetle) 194, Wy, 431 Beye es sp- (a cucujid beetle) Cryptolestes pusillus (flat grain beetle) 5 Cryptorhynchus lapathi (poplar-and-willow borer) 545 Cuban laurel thrips (Gynaikothrips ficorum) Culex spp. (mosquitoes) T, 44, 131, 216, 310, 363, 528, 543, 625, 683, 727 ( Culex pipiens pipiens (northern house mosquito) 428, 505, 606, 663, 664, 683 Culex pipiens quinguefasciatus (southern house mosquito) 7, 44, 48, 131, 216, 310, 363, 485, 507, 543, 625, 727, 783 Culex restuans (a mosquito) Culex salinarius (a mosquito) Culex tarsalis (a mosquito) LTT, 337, 545, 579, 582, 664, 764 Culex territans (a mosquito) Culicoides spp. (biting midges) it Culicoides furens (a biting midge) 177 Culicoides hollensis (a biting midge) iT Culicoides spinosus (a biting midge) LT Culicoides stellifer (a biting midge) 177 Culiseta inornata (a mosquito) 281, 337 Culiseta minnesotae (a mosquito) 519 Curculio caryae (pecan weevil) 154, 580, ii, 662, 682, 738, 762 Curinus coeruleus (a lady beetle) TeT Cutworms 107, 354 Cyclamen mite Steneotarsonemus pallidus) ( Cyclocephala borealis (northern masked chafer) 678 Cylas formicarius elegantulus (sweetpotato weevil) 257, 579 Cyrtepistomus castaneus (Asiatic oak weevil) 123, 427, 431, 544, 550, 620, 622, 640, 643, 697 Cyrtopeltis modestus (a plant bug) 273, 431 Cyrtorhinus fulvus (a predacious mirid bug) a5, 666 Cyrtorhinus lividipennis (a predacious 194 mirid bug) Dacus cucurbitae (melon fly) 507 Dacus dorsalis (oriental fruit fly) 391, 504 Damsel bugs oe plag ( ) Dasychira plagiata (pine tussock moth 166, 307, 52 ; Datana contracta (a notodontid moth) 13, 173 Datana integerrima (walnut caterpillar) 150, i5h, 08, eT, 482, 503, 662, qa; 7k Decorosiphon corynothrix (an aphid) 231, 232 Dectes sayi (a cerambycid beetle) 13 Dectes texanus texanus (a cerambycid beetle) 76, 119, 540, 762 Deloyala guttata (mottled tortoise beetle) 36 Delphacodes propingua (a delphacid planthopper) 635 Dendroctonus adjunctus (roundheaded pine beetle) 169, 170, 196 Dendroctonus frontalis (southern pine beetle) 4, 166, 169, 170, 196, 197, 254, 255, 410, 50k, 563, 60h, 622, 639, 682, 696, 724, 739, ee 719 Dendroctonus ponderosae (mountain pine beetle) 32, 95), 196, 526, 639 Dendroctonus pseudotsugae (Douglas fir beetle) 195, 196, 358 Dendroctonus rufipennis (spruce beetle) 195, 196 Dendroctonus terebrans (black turpentine beetle) 60 Dermacentor albipictus (winter tick) 5, 20 Dermacentor variabilis (American dog tick) 361, 505, 546, 623 Diabrotica spp. (corn rootworms) 89, 93, 278, 455, 475, 496, 519, 538, 574, 598, 601, 614, 634, 658, 695, 722, 737, TIT Diabrotica longicornis (northern corn rootworm ) 13, 89, gh, 403, 455, 475, 496, 5119); 538, 556, 574, 598, 614-615, 634, 737, 749, 758, T1T Diabrotica undecimpunctata howardi (southern corn rootworm) 31, 94, 128, 304, 305, 318, 334, 342, 351, 407, 496, 574, 579, 598, 601, 658, 695, 778 Diabrotica undecimpunctata undecimpunctata (western spotted cucumber Sees) 52k Diabrotica virgifera (western corn root- worm) 13, 89, Ou, 455, 475, 496, 502, 519, 538, 550, 556, 561, 574, 579, 598, 610, 614-615, 620, 634, 643, 658, 665, 695, 13%, TH, TIT Diade insularis (an ichneumon wasp) 363 Dialeurodes spp. (whiteflies) 155 Dialeurodes citri (citrus whitefly) 255, 4h3 Dialeurodes citrifolii (cloudywinged whitefly) 585 Diamondback moth (Plutella xylostella) Disparsis 12 eS femorata (walkingstick) 545, 563, 616, 622, 683, 780 Diaprepes abbreviatus (West Indian sugarcane root borer) 67, 643, 698 Diaspidid scales 763 Diatraea crambidoides (southern cornstalk borer) 6TT> THO Diatraea grandiosella (southwestern corn borer) 3, 92, 1895 227, 303, 351, hoT, 658, 677, 685, 693, 710, 714, 721, 737, 749, 761, 776 Diatraea saccharalis (sugarcane borer) 92 Diceroprocta vitripennis (a cicada) 13 Differential grasshopper (Melanoplus differentialis) Diocalandra taitensis (Tahitian coconut weevil 567 Dioryctria zimmermani (Zimmerman pine moth) 462, 696 Diploptera punctata (Pacific beetle euen nay 149 Dissosteirs varslina (Carolina grass- hopper; 439 Dissosteira longipennis (High Plains grasshopper) 430 Douglas fir beetle (Dendroctonus pseudotsugae) Douglas fir tussock moth (Hemerocampa pseudotsugata) Drepanopterna femoratum (a grasshopper) 65, 338, 430, 69 Drosophila spp. (vinegar flies) 661 Dusky sap beetle (Carpophilus lugubris) Dysaphis plantaginea (rosy apple aphid) 192, 2h3 Dysaphis tulipae (tulip bulb aphid) bt Ear tick (Otobius megnini) Eastern blackheaded budworm (Acleris variana) Eastern pineshoot borer (Eucosma gloriola) Eastern subterranean termite (Reticulitermes flavipes) Eastern tent caterpillar (Malacosoma americanum) Eburia quadrigeminata (a longhorned beetle) 622 Ectomocoris biguttulus (a reduviid bug) 261, 567 Eggplant flea beetle (Epitrix fuscula) Egyptian alfalfa weevil (Hypera brunneipennis ) Elasmopalpus lignosellus (lesser cornstalk borer) 120, 351, 455, 457, 497, 499, 521, 539, 540, 542, 555, 558, 561, 577, 617, 637, 722, 117 Eleodes spp. (false wireworms) 303 Elimaea punctifera (narrow winged katydid) 567, TOT Elm leaf beetle (Pyrrhalta luteola) Emmesomyia socia (an anthomyiid fly) 10 Empicoris orthoneuron (a reduviid) 781, 762 Empoasca fabae (potato leafhopper) SL, 68, 302, hee, 437, 454, 47h, 495, 518, 537, 555, 598, 614 English grain aphid (Macrosiphum avenae ) Eotetranychus multidigituli (a spider mite) 321 Eotetranychus sexmaculatus (sixspotted mite) he, 19; 128, 165, 213, 23, 270 Ephestia elutella (tobacco moth) D> 0, 1 8, 723 Epicauta spp. (blister beetles) 1 Epicauta fabricii (ashgray blister beetle) 1 Epicauta lemniscata (threestriped blister beetle) 457 Epicauta occidentalis (a blister beetle) Bil Epicauta pennsylvanica (black blister beetle) 576, 61 Epicauta vittata (striped blister beetle) 57 Epilachna varivestis (Mexican bean beetle) 116, 140, 353, 355, 384, 386, 405, 407, heh, 439, 457, 478, 499, 521, 52h, 540, 558, 561, 576, 601, 617, 636, 660, 679 inotia meritana (white fir needleminer) 359, 662 iphyas postvittana (light brown apple moth 2 Epitrimerus pyri (pear rust mite) 503 Epitrix cucumeris (potato flea beetle) 355, 356, 542 Epitrix fuscula (eggplant flea beetle) be a ) ( ' Epitrix hirtipennis (tobacco flea beetle 13, Lee, 35h, 385, 407, 425, 459, 523, 560, 578, 602, 619, 686, 714 Eretmocerus sp. (a eulophid wasp) hii Eriococcus euphorbiae (a parasite) 781 Eriophyes canestrinii (an eriophyid mite) 13 Eeepayes litchii (an eriophyid mite) qu Eriophyes theospyri (an eriophyid mite) 12 Eriosoma lanigerum (woolly apple aphid) 3Pilg. 12 Erythroneura comes (a leafhopper ) 153 Erythroneura variabilis (a leafhopper) 21 Estigmene acrea (saltmarsh caterpillar) 37- Light traps: 9, 131, 186, 217, 233, 247, 263, 311, 324, 340, 364-365, 393-394, 416, 432-433, 446-447, 468- 469, 488-489, 508-509, 932-533, 548- 549, 568-569, 587, 608-609, 626-627, 645, 646, 667, 687, 700, 726 Esperanza texana (an alydid bug) 730, 741 : Eucelatoria armigera (a tachina fly hg, 80, 467, 603, 783 Eucosma gloriola (eastern pineshoot borer) 13 Eudecatoma marylandica (an eurytomid wasp) 13, 173 Euglandina rosea (a snail) T Eupelmus popa (a eupelmia wasp) » Tol European chafer (Amphimallon ma jalis) European chafer quarantines 187 European corn borer (Ostrinia nubilalis) European crane fly (Tipula paludosa) European earwig (Forficula auricularia) European elm scale (Gossyparia spuria) European pine sawfly (Neodiprion sertifer) European pine shoot moth (Rhyacionia buoliana) European red mite (Panonychus ulmi) Eurytetranychus buxi (a spider mite) Ae 610 Eurytoma gigantea (an eurytomid wasp) 99 Eurytoma obtusiventris (an eurytomid wasp) 13, 99 Euscelis ohausi (a leafhopper) 10 ,Euschistus servus (brow stink bug) L235 Tl, mL Eutetranychus banksi (Texas citrus mite) 2, TOnmoE 128, 154, 1 5 UG, Bills}; 243, 270, 306, 357, fio » 461, 482, 525, 580, 638 Eutreta xanthochaeta (lantana gall fly) 625, TOT Eutrombicula belkini (a chigger mite) 13} Euxoa sp. (a cutworm) a Euxoa auxiliaris (army cutworm) i> Sip Moa M5 US, Wes), ise), Bill, 227, 239, 251, 277, 301, 317, 349, 381, 386, 453, 460. Light traps: 263, 274, 26h, 311, 32h, 340, 364, 393-394, 416, 432, 46, 468-469, 488-489, 509, 532- 533, 548-549, 569, 645, 667, 687, 715, EBuxoa detersa (a noctuid moth) 330 Euxoa ochrogaster (redbacked cutworm) 253, 279, 280, 355 Exenterus amictorius (an ichneumon wasp) 307 Exenterus canadensis (an ichneumon wasp) a Exorista sorbillans (a tachina fly) 363 Exuviaspis enceliae (an armored scale) 10 Eysarcoris ventralis (a pentatomid) 323 F Face fly (Musca autumnalis) Fall armyworm (Spodoptera frugiperda) Fall cankerworm (Alsophila pometaria) Fall webworm (Hyphantria cunea) False chinch bug (Nysius ericae) Faronta diffusa (wheat head armyworm) Light traps: 233, 263, 311, 324, 340, 364, 393-394, 416, 432, 4k6, 4e8-hE9, 488, 508-509, 532-533, 568-569, 586-587, 608-609, 626, 645, 667, 687, 715 Feltia subterranea (granulate cutworm) 280, 457, 522, 541, 558, 678. Light feapsr | 19s) Oly Say Lily 131m 1865 eur, 233, 247, 263, 274, 284, 311, 324, 340, 364-365, 393-394, 416-427, 432-433, 446- 47, 468-469, 488-489, 508-509, 532-533, 548-549, 568-569, 586-587, 608-609, 626- 627, 645-646, 667-668, 687, 700, 715, 726, Th2, 753 Fenusa pusilla (birch leafminer) 173 Fern scale (Pinnaspis aspidistrae) Filbert aphid (Myzocallis coryli) Fiorinia fioriniae (an armored scale) i 2 Fiorinia theae (tea scale) 9 Fire ant Solenopsis geminata) Fir engraver (Scolytus ventralis) Flat grain beetle Cryptolestes pusillus) Florida red scale Chrysomphalus aonidum) Florida wax scale (Ceroplastes floridensis) Flower thrips Frankliniella tritici) Forage looper (Caenurgina erechtea) Forcipomyia (Pterobosca) fusicornis (a ceratopogonid fly) 283 Forest tent caterpillar (Malacosoma disstria) Forficula auricularia (European earwig) 604, 610, 620, 641, 643, 782 Foxglove aphid (Acyrthosiphon solani) Frankliniella spp. (thrips) 305, 333, 354, 405, 406 Frankliniella bispinosa (a thrips) 242 Frankliniella fusca (tobacco thrips) 120, 122, 305, 332, 354, 405 Frankliniella occidentalis (western flower thrips) 3, 105, 229, 242, 253, 269, 467, 567, 659 Frankliniella tritici (flower thrips) 122 Fruittree leafroller (Archips argyrospilus) Fuller rose beetle (Pantomorus cervinus) G Galeruca rudis (a chrysomelid beetle) 599, 610 a Garden fleahopper i (Halticus bractatus) 5 Garden symphylan Sa (Scutigerella immaculata) Gargara genitsae (a treehopper ) Geococcus coffeae (a mealybug) 80, 763 Geocoris punctipes (a big-eyed bug) 180, Zhe Giant African snail Achatina fulica) Giffard whitefly (Bemisia giffardi) Glover scale Lepidosaphes loverii Gnathobleda litigiosa (a reduviid bug) T4HLl Golden nematode Heterodera rostochiensis) Gossyparia spuria (European elm scale) 109 Gracillaria negundella (boxelder leaf- ; Toller) MLB b mS Dg Granulate cutworm Feltia subterranea) Grape berry moth Paralobesia viteana) Grape colaspis Colaspis brunnea) Grape mealybug (Pseudococeus maritimus) Grape phylloxera Phylloxera vitifoliae) Graphocephala cythura (a cicadellid) 334, 339 Graphognathus spp. (whitefringed beetles) 33, or , 19k, 245, 273, 362, 392, huh, 487, 502, 507, 530, 547, 607, 610, 617, 698 Graphognathus leucoloma fecundus (a whitefringed beetle) 607 Graphognathus leucoloma striatus (a whitefringed beetle) OT Graphognathus perigrinus (a whitefringed beetle 507 Grapholitha molesta (oriental fruit moth) 150, 269, 335, 408, 525, 562, 724 Grapholitha prunivora (lesser appleworm) 695 Grass bugs 1, 6, 65, 322, 390, 443 Grasshoppers 4, 64, 98, 193, 257, 272, 279, 282, 309) 322, 338, 361, 382, 384, 390, 403, hie, 423, hon, 429-430, 439, 4h3, ho7, 465, 476, LTT, 486, 498, 499, 505-506, del, 529, 539, 546, 558, 560, 565, 576, 583, 606, 624, 635, 642, 664, 684, 685, 694, 698, 725, T41, 782 4 Grass thrips (Anaphothrips obscurus) Grass webworm (Herpetogramma licarsisalis) Greenbug (Schizaphis graminum) Green cloverworm (Plathypena scabra) Greenhouse thrips (Heliothrips haemorrhoidalis) Greenhouse whitefly (Trialeurodes vaporariorum) Green June beetle (Cotinis nitida) Green peach aphid (Myzus persicae) Green scale (Coceus viridis) Green stink bug (Acrosternum hilare) Gryllus spp. (field crickets) 730 Guar midge (Cecidomyia texana) Gulf Coast tick (Amblyomma maculatum) Gymnocarena diffusa (a tephritid fly) 12k Gynaikothrips ficorum (Cuban laurel thrips) SSL Gypsy moth (Porthetria dispar ) H Haematobia irritans (horn fly) Thy, l67, Le, U5, 193, 215, 230, ahh, 256, 271, 281, 308, 321, 336, 359, 389, 410, 428, We, W6b, 484, 504, 528, 545, 564, 581, 605, 623, 641, 663, 683, 697, 713, 725, T40, 753, 764 Haematoecha rubescens (a reduviid bug) 10, 45 Haematopinus spp. (cattle lice) 5, 20, 43, 109 Haematopinus eurysternus (shortnosed cattle louse) 5, 20, 32, 43, 79, 109, 130, 148, 256, 740, 780 Haematopinus quadripertusus (cattle tail ee 109 Haematopinus suis (hog louse) 32, 109, 697, 740 Hairy chinch bug (Blissus leucopterus hirtus) Halticoptera patellana (a pteromalid wasp) 45, 310, 507, 644, 75% Halticus bractatus (garden fleahopper) 1 Harrisina brillians (western grapeleaf skeletonizer) 155, 270, 356, 362, 391, 462, 507, 530, SUT, 566, 620, 624, 685, 713, 724 Hawaiian beet webworm (Hymenia recurvalis) Hawaiian thrips (Taeniothrips hawaiiensis) Hedylepta accepta (sugarcane leafroller = ee Hedylepta blackburni (coconut leafroller) 6, -1h9,° 283, 323, 414, 431, 467, 567 Heliothis spp. (bollworms) 120, 121, 180, 320, 333, 354, 385, 406,: Ta5, WhO, 458, 479, 496, 499, 522, 541, 559, 517, 602, 618, 636, 660, 677, 680, 750 ‘Heliothis paradoxa (a noctuid moth) 69h Heliothis virescens (tobacco budworm) 88, 121, 227, 320, 354, 385, 406, 425, » 459, 500, 519, 541-542, 577-578, 602, 618, 636, 658, 660, 677, 680, 695, 723, 762. Light traps: 131, 233, 2h7, .= 10 = 27h, 284, 311, 324, 340, 364, 393, 416- WI7, 432-433, 46, 468-469, 488-189, 508-509, 932-533, 548-549, 568-569, 586- 587, 608-609, 626-627, 645, 667, 687, 700, 715, 726, THe Heliothis zea (corn earworm) ZOn Sip WF Gil, Bs, 3, 120, wei, Wes), 211, 239) 246, 251, 273, 302, 317, 320, 329, 339, 351, 385, 392, 403, 406, 421, 436, 440, 445, 453, 458, 479, 487, 493, 500, 507, 517, 522, 531, 537, 541, 553- 554, 559-560, 567, 573, 577-578, 597, 602, 613, 618, 633, 636, 644, 657, 660, 677, 680, 686, 693, 709, 722, 738, 754, 767, 783. Light traps: 217, 247, 263, e7h, 284, 311, 324, 340, 364-365, 393- 394, 416-417, 432-433, 446-47, 468-469, 4188-189, 508-509, 532-533, 548-5h9, 568- 569, 586-587, 608-609, 626-627, 645-646, 667-668, 687, 700, 715, 726, 753 Heliothrips haemorrhoidalis (greenhouse thrips) 80, 531, 699, 754 Helix aspersa (brown garden snail) 129 Hellula rogatelis (cabbage webworm) 5, 339, 661, 666 Hemerocampa pseudotsugata (Douglas fir tussock moth) 170, 195, 196, 504, 562, 152, 764 Hemerocampa vetusta (western tussock moth) 307 Hemiberlesia lataniae (an armored scale) 10; Hemileuca hualapai (a saturniid moth) 130 Hemileuca oliviae (range caterpillar) 6, 67, 130, 391, 413, 481, 486, 547, 726, 153, 182 Hemispherical scale (Saissetia coffeae) Hemlock looper (Lambdina fiscellaria) Herpetogramma licarsisalis (grass webworm) » +6, 80, 283; 392, Als, 467, 507, 543, 603, 727, 783 Hesperophanes pubescens (a longhorned beetle) Ly Hesperotettix speciosus (a grasshopper ) 338, 430 Hessian fly _ (Mayetiola destructor) Heterocampa guttivitta (saddled prominent) id; 19, Ser Heterocampa manteo (variable oakleaf caterpillar) 169, 171, 196, 197, 544, 563, 639, 640, 663, 682, 696, 701, 712, 725, 139, 152 Heterococcus tuttlei (a mealybug) 7 Heterodera glycines (soybean cyst nematode) lk, 33, 67, 430, 460, 531, 579, 584, 643, 753, 758 Heterodera lespedezae (a cyst nematode) Th, 118 Heterodera rostochiensis (golden nematode) 22k, 26 Hexacola hexatoma (a pteromalid wasp) 10 Hibiscus caterpillar (Anomis flava) Hickory shuckworm (Laspeyresia caryana) High Plains grasshopper (Dissosteira longipennis) Hippodamia convergens (convergent lady beetle) 86, 97, 110, 145, 148, 178, 193, 215, 231, 245, 256, 269, 272, 411, 429, 4h3, 46h, 473, 485, 555» 564-565, 582, 633, 684, 721 Hippodamia parenthesis (a lady beetle) 231 Hippodamia tredecimpunctata (a lady beetle) beetle) 178 Hockeria unipunctatipennis (a chalcidid wasp) TOL Hog louse (Haematopinus suis) Holcencyrtus physokermis (an encyrtid wasp) 179 Hollyhock weevil (Apion longirostre) Homadaula anisocentra (mimosa webworm) 173, 502, 503, 527, 544, 561, 563, 581, GlO, 643, 663, 665, 739 Homaledra sabalella (palm leaf Skeletonizer) 1} Homoeosoma electellum (sunflower moth) 2k, 501, 523, 560, 578 Honey bee (Apis mellifera) Hop aphid (Phorodon humuli) Hop looper (Hypena humuli) Horn fly (Haematobia irritans) House fly (Musca domestica) Howardia biclavis (a diaspidid scale) 7718; 782 Hyalopterus pruni (mealy plum aphid) 30 Hybomitra spp. (horse flies) 2h5 Hybomitra nigricans (a horse fly) 25 Hylem 141 oe brassicae (cabbage maggot) antiqua (onion maggot) Race latura (seedcorn maggot) 33, on Hylephila phylaeus (a skipper) Hyles lineata (whitelined sphinx) 255 Hylobius aliradicis (southern pine root weevil) Hylobius dagusiis (pine root collar weevil) 197 Hylotrupes bajulus (oldhouse borer) 178 Hylurgopinus rufipes (native elm bark beetle) 173 Hymenia recurvalis (Hawaiian beet webworm 751 Hymenopterous parasites 179 Hypena humuli (hop looper) iso Hypena strigata (lantana defoliator caterpillar) 283, 784 Byes spp. (weevils) Hypera brunneipennis (Egyptian alfalfa = 78, 116 ae 778 Hypera ni noes ETS (lesser clover leaf weevil) 190 = an (alfalfa weevil) re ‘i D5 Iie dor shle5 2utsi5 8, Ae "149, 163, 164, 179, , 190, 211, se 228, 240-2h1, 245, 252, 268- 269, 273, 278-279, 303-304, 318, 331, 332, 337, 352-353, 356, 383, 386, Yok, hos, 412, 415, 4e3-heh, 4e9, 431, 438-439, 456, 460, 477, 498-499, 521, 528, 539, 557, 561, 576, 600, 659, 665, 669, 679, 694, 723, 755-757, 761, 778, 781 era punctata (clover leaf weevil) 108, 116, 146, 164, 190, 212 Hyphantria cunea (fall webworm) 306, 335, 408, 410, 427, 461, 482, 48h, 503, 525, 562, 580, 605, 638, 639, 662, 682, 695, 697, Tll, 712, 72k Hypoaspis nidicorva (a mesostigmatic mite) 310 Hypoderma spp. (cattle grubs) 176, 214, 361, 389 Hypoderma nese (northern cattle grub) 21k, 272, 389 SIAL Hypoderma lineatum (common cattle grub) 5, 20, 32, 42, 79, 109, 130, 147, 167, 176, ark, 683, 740, 752, 76h, 780 Icer urchasi (cottonycushion scale) 49, 60, 21k, 462, 642 Ichneumon wasps 282, hil Imported cabbageworm (Pieris rapae) Imported fire ant (Solenopsis saevissima richteri) Incisitermes immigrans (lowland tree termite) 19 Indian meal moth (Plodia interpunctella) Ips spp. (bark beetles) 196, 779 Ips calligraphus (a bark beetle) 152 Ips confusus (California fivespined ips) au Irbisia spp. 65, Th3 Irbisia oe (a grass bug) ~ 282, 390 Irbisia fuscipubescens (a grass bug) cae SUOMI SEIS Irbisia poo (a grass bug) 65, 390, Irbisia eats (a grass bug) D Ischnaspis longirostris (black thread aie Ty Itch mite (Sarcoptes scabiei) Ivy aphid (Aphis hederae) (grass bugs) J Jack pine budworm (Choristoneura pinus) Jack pine sawfly (Neodiprion pratti banksianae) Japanese beetle (Popillia japonica) Juniper scale (Carulaspis juniperi) K Keiferia lycopersicella (tomato pinworm) 45, 111, 138, 543, 603, 620, 711, 767 Khapra beetle (Trogoderma granarium) Kiawe flower looper (Cosymbia serrulata) Kimminsia schwarzi (a brown lacewing) 14, 180 Pauersise weed beetle (Chrysolina quadrigemina) Koa bug (Coleotichus blackburniae) Koa haole Goper sia man (Anacamptodes fra ilaria) Kuwania —— a margarodid scale) 192, aaa L Labops spp- (grass bugs) > 65, 167, 231, 443, 505, 529 Labops hesperius » 65, 16, 215, 272, 322 Labops hirtus 6, 505 Labops utahensis (a grass bug) 3 Lachnus salignus (an aphid) 782, 70k Lady beetles 272, 337, 361, 411, 429, 443, 464, 485, 546, 564, 582, 664 Lambdina athasaria athasaria (a geometrid moth) 740 Lambdina fiscellaria (hemlock looper) (le, [i fambdina pellucidaria (a geometrid moth) ) 662, 763 / Lamenia caliginea (a fulgorida planthopper ) il, 45 Lantana defoliator caterpillar (Hypena strigata) Lantana gall fly (Eutreta xanthochaeta) Lantana hispid (Uroplata girardi) Lantana leaf beetle (Octotoma scabripennis ) Larch casebearer (Coleophora laricella) Large aspen tortrix (Choristoneura conflictana) Large mango tip borer (Bombotelia jocosatrix) Large elm leaf beetle (Monocesta coryli) Large turkey louse (Chelopistes meleagridis) Larinus carlinae (a European weevil) Hi5, 418 ( Laspeyresia caryana (hickory shuckworm TS, 621, 662, 724, 738, 762 Laspeyresia pomonella (codling moth 150, 154, 213, 243, 269, 280, 321, Bbilis 387, 408, 461, 525, 562, 580, 60h. Light traps: 548, 609 Latrodectus hesperus (a combfooted spider) 23 Latrodectus variolus (a combfooted spider) 641, 643, 683, 685 Lawn armyworm (Spodoptera mauritia) Leadcable borer (Secobicia declivis) Leafrollers 197 Lecanium kunoensis (a soft scale) 270, 273 Lecanodiaspis pruinosa (a lecanodiaspidid scale) 156, ean Leek moth (Acrolepia assectella) Leiopus variegatus (a cerambycid beetle) THL Lema trilineata (threelined potato beetle) 392 Lemophagus curtus (an ichneumon wasp) 33h, 337 lepidosaphes beckii (purple scale) 2, 79, 128, 165, AL3\5 243, 270, 306, 358, 409, 461, 483, 526, 580, 604, 638, 778, 782 sop loverii (Glover scale) Pai leon Bp rellsts 243, 270, 306, 2580 409, h61, 483, 526, 580, 638, 778, 762 Lepidosaphes pini (an armored scale) 14, 45 Lepidosaphes ulmi (oystershell scale) 357, 152 Leptinotarsa decemlineata (Colorado potato beetle) 138, 253, 280, 305, 320, 355, 385, 407, 426, 44o, 459, 480, Seah, 542, 560 Leptobyrsa decora (a tingid bug) 283, 431, 727 Leptopterna dolabrata (meadow plant bug) 8 Lesser appleworm (Grapholitha prunivora) Lesser clover leaf weevil (Hypera nigrirostris) Lesser cornstalk borer (Elasmopalpus lignosellus) Lesser grain borer (Rhyzopertha dominica) Lesser mealworm (Alphitobius diaperinus) Lesser peachtree borer (Synanthedon pictipes ) Leucogonia californica (a gelechiid moth) 3 7 Leucophaea maderae (Madeira cockroach) 782 Leucopis militia (a chamaemyiid fly) 258 Leucopis nigraluna (a chamaemyiid fly) 258, 727, TOT Leucopis ocellaris (a chamaemyiid fly) 11 Light brown apple moth (Epiphyas postuittana) Limothrips denticornis (barley thrips) 98), 303 Lindorus lophanthae (a lady beetle) WS, 61, 131, 414, 644, 666, 75h Linognathus vituli (longnosed cattle louse) 43 Liothrips urichi (a thrips) 603, 7L4 Liriomyza spp. (leafminer flies) 20, 33, 44, 78, 80, 111, 363, 392, 4k, 431, 445, 467, 531, 543, 567, 603, 644, 666, 686, 699, 714, 727, 754, 767, 783 Liriomyza brassicae (serpentine leafminer ) 78 Liriomyza munda (vegetable leafminer) 165 Listroderes costirostris obliquus (vegetable weevil) 78 Lithocolletis robinella (a gracillariid moth) 602 Locust leafminer (Xenochalepus dorsalis) Lodgepole needleminer (Coleotechnites milleri) Lone star tick (Amblyomma americanum) Longitarsus jacobaeae (a flea beetle) 179, 765 Longitarsus waterhousei (a flea beetle) 531 Longiunguis sacchari (sugarcane aphid) 75u Longnosed cattle louse (Linognathus vituli) Longtailed mealybug (Pseudocoecus longispinus) Lopholeucaspis japonica (an armored scale) ih Loxagrotis albicosta (western bean cut worm) 93, 520, 556, 599, 677, 685 Loxosceles reclusa (brown recluse spider) 178, 256, ble, G45, 579, 582, 780 Loxosceles refescens (a scytotid spider) 0; Loxostege commixtalis (alfalfa webworm) 123, 124, 229 Loxostege sticticalis (beet webworm) ree 12k, 279, 4a Light traps: 394, 16, 432, 446, 469, 489, 509, 533, 548 Lyctus sp. (a powderpost beetle) ai Lyctus brunneus (a powderpost beetle) 168, TOL Lygus spp. (lygus bugs) 117, 163, 165, 279, 332, 353, 384, 406, 521, 540, 560 Lygus bugs 161, 162 Lygus lineolaris (tarnished plant bug) 128, _ 2h2, 280, 332, 353, 384, 405, 73 409, » 178 Lysiphlebus testaceipes (a braconid wasp) . i, 86, 110, 148, 179, 193, 363, 454, 173, B95, 505, 518, 531, 554, T2L M Macrosiphum avenae (English grain aphid) 19, 85, 97, 127, 145, 163, 189, 331, 455 DTDs 110 Macrosiphum euphorbiae (potato aphid) 140, 155, 60, 578 Macrosteles fascifrons (aster leafhopper) 63, 211, 251, 268, 301, 307, 329, 349, 381, ol, hel, 453, 737 Madeira cockroach (Leucophaea maderae ) Magicicada spp. 308, 359 Magicicada septendecim (periodical cicada) 271, 201, 308, 321, 359, Magicicada tredecim 308, 359 Maize billbug (Sphenophorus maidis) Malacosoma spp. (tent caterpillars) 129 Malacosoma americanum (eastern tent Caterpillar) 32, 129, 147, 166, 171, 192, 214, ahh, 255, 271, 640 Malacosoma californicum (western tent Caterpillar) 190, 196, 308 Malacosoma disstria (forest tent caterpillar) 172, 196, 214, 255, 271, 282, 307, 764 Malacosoma incurvum discoloratum (a tent caterpillar) 230 Mamestra configurata (bertha armyworm E77, 499, 50, 750 Manduca spp. (hornworms) 31, 88, 583 Manduca quinquemaculata (tomato hornworm) 68. Light traps: 247, 311, 340, 393- 394, 416-417, 432-433, 446-447, 468- 469, 488-489, 508-509, 533, 549, 568- 569, 586-587, 608-609, 626-627, 645, 667-668, 687, 700, 715 Manduea sexta (tobacco hornworm) 31, 88, 385, 406, 426, 459, 475, 496, 555, 578. Light traps: 247, 28h, 340, 393-394, 417, 432-433, 446, 468-469, 488, 508-509, 532-533, 548-549, 568-569, 586-587, 608-609, 626-627, 645, 667-668, 687, 715 Maple leafcutter (Paraclemensia acerifoliella) Maple petiole borer (Caulocampus acericaulis) Maruca testulalis (bean pod borer) a ( ) Meyetiola destructor (Hessian fly 3, 96, 190, 240, 248, 303, 331, 352, 455, 539, 575, 599, 615, 749 McDaniel spider mite (Getrancychus mcdanieli) Meadow plant bug (Leptopterna dolabrata) Meadow spittlebug (Philaenus spumarius) Mealybugs 42, 243, 270, 307, 358, 409, 462, 483, 526, 581 Mealy plum aphid (Hyalopterus pruni) Mediterranean fruit fly (Ceratitis capitata) Megachile sp. (a leafcutting bee) 3 Megachile concinna oF Megalopyge opercularis (puss caterpillar) 13 aire Megaphra, mymaripenne (a trichogrammatid wasp) 659 ae naseoli (bean fly) Bo at a9; db, ILS{IL., 258, 310, 487, 507, 531, 64k, 699, 754, 767, 784 Melanaspis obscura (obscure scale) 130, 156, 725 ( Melanophila californica (California flatheaded borer) 244 Melanoplus spp. (grasshoppers) 117, 120, 193, 338, 362, 413, 423, 465, 86, 506, 539, 565, 583, 607 Melanoplus aridus (a grasshopper ) 65 Melanoplus bivittatus (twostriped grasshopper) 64, 257, 272, 282, 309, 322, 338, 362, 390-391, 412-413, 429- 430, 4h3, 465, 486, 506, 529-530, 565, 606, 624, 664, 685, 698 Melanoplus cinereus cinereus 529 Melanoplus confusus 39, 443 Melanoplus dawsoni 56 Melanoplus differentialis (differential grasshopper » 65, 98, 338, 390, 430, 43, 521, 606, 607, 685, 698 Melanoplus femurrubrum (redlegged grass- hopper) 64, 65, 98, 117, 362, 382, 390, 413, 439, 457, 465, 477, 486, 521, 530, 546, 558, 583, 606, 624, 685, 698 Melanoplus franciscanus 65 Melanoplus keeleri 13 Melanoplus occidentalis 338 Melanoplus packardii (Packard grasshopper) a 117, 330, 390, 443, 465, 506, 530, Melanoplus sanguinipes (migratory grass- hopper) 6k, 3, yey Aes 225 309, 322, 338, 361, 362, 390, 391, 42, 413, 429, 430, 443, 457, 465, 477, 486, 506, 529, 530, 546, 565, 624, 664, 698 Melanoplus yarrowii ees 5 Melanotus communis (a wireworm) Ok, 278, 351 Melastoma borer (Selca brunella) Melipotis indomita (a noctuid moth) I7, 168, 216, 232, 273, 310, 323, 431, T87, 603, 686, 754 Melon aphid (Aphis gossypii) Melon fly Dacus cucurbitae) Melophagus ovinus (sheep ked) 272 Melormenis antillarium (a flatid bug) WG, 392 Merchant grain beetle (Oryzaephilus mercator) Mermiria bivittata maculipennis (a grasshopper ) 529 Meromyza americana (wheat stem maggot ) 303, 351 Metaseiulus occidentalis (a phytoseiid mite 0, 60 Meteorus laphygmae (a braconid wasp) 273, 183 Metrioptera roeselii (a grasshopper ) 1, 519 Mexican bean beetle (Epilachna varivestis) Miccotrogus picirostris (clover seed Saad) 353 ( Microctonus aethiops (a braconid wasp 179, 429, 431, 498 Microctonus colesi 179, 231, 232 Microlarinus lare i (a puncturevine "Seed weevil) 175, a6, 431, 502, 505 Microlarinus lypriformis (a puncturevine Tstem weevil) 49, 232, 323, 334, 337, K67, 546, 550, 585 Migratory grasshopper (Melanoplus sanguinipes ) Mimosa webworm (Homadaula anisocentra) Mindarus abietinus (balsam twig aphid) 321 Mocis latipes (a grassworm) Monarthropalpus buxi (boxwood leafminer) 157 Monarthrum fasciatum (a bark beetle) 15 Monellia spp. (yellow aphids) 2, Monellia costalis (blackmargined aphid) 15%, 387, 461, 662, 682 Momsuianses nigropunctata (an aphid) 154 Monkeypod moth (Polydesma umbricola) Monocesta coryli (larger elm leaf beetle) 563, 501 Monoctenus melliceps (a juniper sawfly) 0, 463 Monodontomerus dentipes (a torymid wasp) 307 Montandoniola moraguesi (an anthocorid bug) 532 Mormon cricket (Anabrus simplex) Mosquitoes 163) 215, 230, 256, 272, 281, 321, 337, 360, 363, 389, 411, 428, 4he, 463, 485, 505, 528, 545, 564, 579, 606, 623, 641, 663, 664, 683, 697, 764 Mottled tortoise beetle (Deloyala guttata) Mountain pine beetle (Dendroctonus ponderosae) Mourningcloak butterfly (Nymphalis antiopa) Mulberry whitefly (Tetraleurodes mori) Musca autumnalis (face fly) Way, Tre; E75, 245, 356, 360, 389, 410, 428, Wie, 163, 484, 504, 527, 545, 563, 579, 581, 605, 610, 622, 640, 641, 643, 663, 697, THO a domestica (house fly) Lop ly Bly 532 M ee ee coryli (filbert aphid) 213 Myzus cerasi (black cherry aphid) 306 Myzus ersicae (green peach epnig) 19, 1, sae Le 108, 123, 138, 139, ie, 1 8, 191, 255, 306, 355, 407, hid, Te: ee 460, 479, 180, 481, 501, 502, 523, 52h, 542, 561, 578, 619, 620, 621, 644, 680, 739, 751 Nabis spp. (damsel bugs) 80, 110, 231, 623, 62h Nabis americoferis 623 Nantucket pine tip moth (Rhyacionia frustrana) Narrow winged katydid (Hlimaea punctifera) Native elm bark beetle (Hylurgopinus rufipes) Navel orangeworm (Paramyelois transitella) Neacoryphus bicrucis (a lygaeid bug) 14, 45, 99, TOL = whe Necrobia ruficollis (redshouldered ham beetle) 7 Nematus abbottii (a sawfly) y Be He rion spp. (conifer sawflies) 169, WO, Zils Bor sore Neodiprion excitans 169, 170, 765, 761 Neodiprion lecontei (redheaded pine sawfly) 484, 504 Neodiprion nanulus nanulus (red pine sawfly) 09 Neodiprion pratti banksianae (jack pine sawfly) 169, 170, 427 Neodiprion pratti pratti 271, 280, 307 Neodiprion sertifer (European pine sawfly) 169, 170, 307, 335, 410, 605, 610 Neodiprion taedae linearis 166, 169, 170, 271, 280, 307, 310 Neolasioptera nodulosa (a cecidomyiid midge) }09, Neophasia menapia (pine butterfly) 05 Nesosydne koae (a delphacid planthopper ) 754 Neurocolpus nubilis (clouded plant bug) 159, 160, L79, ¥81 Nezara viridula (southern green stink bug) 19, 4b, 119, 149, 258, 323, 339, 414, 423, 467, 531, 617, 660, 711, 750, 767 Nicentrus saccharinus (a sugarcane weevil) U31, 475 Noctuid moths 57, 60 Nomia melanderi (alkali bee) ~ 180 Norape ovina (a megalopygid moth) ae Northern cattle grub (Hypoderma bovis) ‘Northern corn rootworm (Diabrotica longicornis) Northern fowl mite (Ornithonyssus sylviarum) Northern house mosquito (Culex pipiens pipiens) Northern masked chafer (Cyclocephala borealis) Notoedres douglasi (an itch mite) Th Ly Nuculaspis californica (black pineleaf ea 739 —- phaeorrhoea (browntail moth) Se antiopa (mourningeloak butterfly) 230 Nysius ericae (false chinch bug) 318 oO Oak leaftier (Croesia albicomana) Oak skeletonizer (Buceulatrix ainsliella) Oberea bimaculata (raspberry cane borer) 162 Obscure scale (Melanaspis obscura) Octotoma scabripennis (lantana leaf beetle) 531 Odontopus calceatus (a leafmining weevil) 261, 308 Oedaleonotus enigma (a grasshopper) , 282, 309, 336, 361, 362, 412, 443, T60, 465, 529 Oestrus ovis (sheep bot fly) 230 Oldhouse borer (Hylotrupes bajulus) Olesicoceus coccidivora (a cicidomyiid Midge) 20 Oligonychus spp. (spider mites) 7 Oligonychus aceris 321 Oligonychus bicolor 386, 387 Oligonychus ilicis (southern red mite) 386, 367 Oligonychus mangiferus 15 Oligonychus pratensis (Banks grass mite) 89, 95, 96, 99, 179, 218, 268, 382, 423, pe 520, 539, 557, 575, 599, 615, 634, Oligonychus ununguis (spruce spider mite) 192, Oligosita sp. (a trichogrammatid wasp) 567 Olive scale (Parlatoria oleae) Oncideres cingulata (twig girdler) 697; ToL Onion maggot (Hylemya antiqua) Onion thrips (Thrips tabaci) oie aee! . kuwanai (an encyrtid wasp) 65; 643, 664, 698, 713, 725 Opeia obscura (a SSE ’ 6 Opius spp. (braconid wasps) U5, 61, 131, 258, 531, 644, 754 Opius cereus i79 Opius importatus 4g, 258, 310, 507, 644, 754, 767, 784 Opius phaseoli U9, 131, 258, 310, 507, 644, 767, 784 Orangestriped oakworm (Anisota senatoria) a chalybeus (steelblue lady beetle) ae rindgei (a liparid moth) 179, 182 Oriental fruit fly (Dacus dorsalis) Oriental fruit moth (Grapholitha molesta) Orius spp- (flower bugs) 180 Orius insidiosus 231 Ornithonyssus sylviarum (northern fowl ate) 272, Zi, Tou zaephilus mercator (merchant grain Sa ES: ra a Oryzaephilus surinamensis (sawtoothed grain beetle 20, QOstrinia nubilalis (European corn borer) Wea ee BOs Beh Beh Moe 1a, iB ihs 138, 140, 145, 239, 268, 277, 302, 318, 320, 330, 350-351, 382, 386, 402, 422-403, 437-438, 454-455, h75- 476, 481, 496-497, 510-511, 519-520, 538, 555, 561, 575, 583, 598, 610, 615, 634, 658, 665, 677, 693, 709-710, 711, 714, 749. Light traps: 247, 263, 274, 284, 311-312, 324, 340-341, 364-365, 393- 394, 416-417, 432-433, 446-447, 468- 469, 488-489, 508-509, 532-533, 548- 549, 568-569, 586-587, 608-609, 626- 627, 645-646, 667-668, 687, 700 Otobius megnini (ear tick) DELTohmoe35 ee 780 ' Hee melanopus (cereal leaf beetle TDs 2h5, 256, 272, 282, 309, 310, 323, Tees SE 361, Sifabs 378, 386, 390, 1-42, 415, 4e9, 460, 464, 481, 485, 529, 582 Oystershell scale (Lepidosaphes ulmi) = 15 = Pachysomoides stupidus (an ichneumon wasp) 33, 414 Pacific beetle cockroach (Diploptera punctata) Pacific spider mite (Tetranychus pacificus) Packard grasshopper (Melanoplus packardii) Paleacrita vernata (spring cankerworm) 109, 129, 172, 255, 271, 336, 359, 388 Pale western cutworm (Agrotis orthogonia) Palmicultor palmarum palmarum (palm mealybug) 19 Palm leaf skeletonizer (Homaledra sabalella) Palm mealybug (Palmicultor palm Pangaeus bilin i =a Dae stink bug Panon: = ecitri (citrus red mite) 2578s (9) LOSS, LeCR IGS pamGoreenee ohh, 270, 306, 357, 408, 461, 482, 526, 580, 638 Panonychus ulmi (European red mite) 60, 150, 151, 229, 243, 255, 280, 335, 387, 108 , h27, 4u1, 461, 482, 525, 562, 580, 639 Pantomorus cervinus (Fuller rose beetle) 20, 149, 71 Pantomorus taeniatulus (a weevil) 762 Papaipema nebris (stalk borer) 93, 351 a Papilio polyxenes ae black swallowtail) 637, 643 Papilio xuthus —- butterfly) 7, 11, 45, 61, 111, 149, 168, 363, 431, 487, 585, 603, 783 Paraclemensia acerifoliella (maple leafeutter) 3 Paralobesia liriodendrana {an olethreutid moth) Uys, aS} Paralobesia Ss (grape berry moth) 155, 358; Paramyelois ie (navel orangeworm) 154, 765 Parasitic wasps) 781 Paratrioza cockerelli (potato psyllid) 22 Parlatoria oleae (olive scale) | T5L, 158 ( ) 4 Parlatoria pergandii (chaff scale ~ 42, 79, 128, 165, 213, 270, 306, 358, 409, h62, 483, 526, 580, 638 == eoinonte (a leptopodid bug) eae luna (a mymarid wasp) 781, Olle Pea aphid (Acyrthosiphon pisum) Peachtree borer (Sanninoidea exitiosa) Peach twig borer (Anarsia lineatella) Pea leaf weevil (Sitona lineatus) Pealius hibisci (a whitefly) 2 Pearleaf blister mite (Phytoptus pyri) Pear psylla (Psylla pyricola) Pear rust mite (Epitrimerus pyri) Pearslug (Caliroa cerasi) Pea weevil (Bruchus pisorum) Pecan nut casebearer (Acrobasis caryae) Pecan phylloxera (Phylloxera devastatrix) Pecan spittlebug (Clastoptera achatina) Pecan weevil (Curculio caryae) Pectinophora gossypiella (pink bollworm) 6, 33, 43, 66, 194, 265, 257, 362, bbb, 448-150, 466, 506, 530, 547, 566, 58h, 607, 624, 642, 665, 685, 698, 713, 726, T41, 753, 766 Pediasis mutabilis (a sod webworm) 599 Penthaleus major (winter grain mite) Kk, 97, 107, 127, 145, 163, 190 Pepper weevil (Anthonomus eugenii) Peregrinus maidis (corn planthopper ) ish, 273, 283, 487, 666, 714, 783 Pericyma cruegeri (a noectuid moth) 11, 15, 45 Peridroma saucia (variegated cutworm) 138, 140, 269, 304, 332, 44o, 501, 523, 542, 558, 560, 578, 637- Light traps: CPecIM nbn sie AGG ee I7,W233) Bl, 1263) 274, 284, 311, 324, 340-341, 364-365, 393-394, 416-417, 432-433, 4b6-4h7, 468- 469, 488-489, 508-509, 532-533, 548-549, 568-569, 586-587, 608-609, 626-627, 645- 646, 667-668, 687, 700, 715, 726, 742, (63 Periodical cicada (Magicicada septendecim) Perkinsiella saccharicida (sugarcane leafhopper ) Petrobia harti (a spider mite) 5h, 550 Petrobia latens (brown wheat mite) 99, 9T, 99, 100, 145, 163, 190, 194, 211; 227. Bie Baily 253) ry 25 SOs. silts 319, 320, eee Phalonia hospes (banded sunflower moth qk, 619 Phanaeus vindex (a scarab) Tat, 415 Phenacaspis cockerelli (an armored scale) 20, =e 2h6, 686, 763 Phenacaspis heterophyllae (an armored scale) 780, 782 Phenacoccus aceris (apple mealybug) 15 Phenacoceus solani (a mealybug) 763 Philaenus spumarius (meadow spittlebug) 2bI, 304, 307, 319, 326, 332, 405, 616, 694, 723 Phlegetonia delatrix (a noctuid moth) Bi6, TOT Phlibostroma quadrimaculatum (a grass- hopper) 65, 330, 430, 685, 698 Phloeotribus dentifrons (a bark beetle) 5 Phoebis sennae (a pierid butterfly) 15, 15 Phorodon humuli (hop aphid) fe) Phrydiuchus tau (a weevil) 179, 765 : Phryganidia californica (California oakworm) 255 Phthorimaea operculella (potato tuberworm) 138, 323, 751 Phyllobius oblongus (a weevil) 192, 19% Phyllocoptruta oleivora (citrus rust mite) DE Tels wiles SUSaIp 165, 213, 243, 270, 306, 357, 408, 461, 482, 525, 580, 638 Eee 8 spp. (white grubs) TT, 495, 521 Phyllophaga fimbripes 98 - 16 - Phyllotreta cruciferae (a cabbage flea beetle) 333 Phylloxera devastatrix (pecan phylloxera) I5h Phylloxera vitifoliae (grape phylloxera) 155, 462, 779, ie Physokermes piceae (spruce bud scale 5; 119, 561, 562 Phytoptus pyri (pearleaf blister mite) 503 ~ Phytoseiid mites 606 ( Pieris rapae (imported cabbageworm) 131, Tho, She Pikonema alaskensis (yellowheaded spruce sawfly) 427 Pine butterfly (Neophasia menapia) Pine chafer (Anomala oblivia) Pine needle sheathminer (Zelleria haimbachi) Pine root collar weevil (Hylobius radicis) Pine spittlebug (Aphrophora parallela) Pine tube moth (Argyrotaenia pinatubana) Pine tussock moth (Dasychira plagiata) Pineus pini (an adelgid) 7, 20, 45, 47, 258, 727, 767 Pink bollworm (Pectinophora gossypiella Pinnaspis aspidistrae (fern scale) 719, 182 Pinyonia edulicola (a cecidomyiid midge) 15 Pissodes strobi (white pine weevil) 763, 7 Pitch pine tip moth (Rhyacionia rigidana) Plagiohammus spinipennis (a lantana cerambycid) 61, 392, 727 Plant bugs 406 Plathypena scabra (green cloverworm) 558, 576, 600, 613, 616, 617, 679, 710, 722, 738 Platydema ruficorne (redhorned grain beetle) 765 Platygaster obscuripennis (a platygasterid wasp) IW}, Lye Platynota flavedana (a tortricid moth) 150 Platynota stultana 129, 640 Platyptilia carduidactyla (artichoke plume moth 141 Platyptilia pica crataea (a plume moth) 09 Platytetranychus thujae (a spider mite) 350, 358 Pleolophus basizonus (an ichneumon wasp) 307 Plodia interpunctella (Indian meal moth) 1n8, 623, 6h, 765 Plum curculio (Conotrachelus nenuphar) Plutella xylostella (diamondback moth) 7, LET, 323, 339, 363, 543 Pnyxia scabiei (potato scab gnat) 10, 620, 637, 643, 680, 711 Podisus maculiventris (spined soldier bug) aly Podotachina sorbillans (a tachina fly) 149 Polistes spp. (vespid wasps) 33, 216, 783 Polydesma umbricola (monkeypod moth) AT, 310, 323 Polyphagotarsonemus latus (broad mite) 431, 567 Popillia japonica (Japanese beetle) Os 273, 322; 338, 362, 391, 413, 415, 430, 460, 465-466, 486, 506, 530, 547, 565-566, 584, 642, 665, 685 Poplar-and-willow borer (Cryptorhynchus lapathi Porthetria dispar (gypsy moth) 15, 65, 181, 196, 197, 257, 273, 282, 309, 362, eae Yuh, 465, 486, 506, 547, 561, 565, 583, 642, 664, 665, 688-689, 698, 713, 717-718, 725, 782 Potato aphid (Macrosiphum euphorbiae) Potato flea beetle (Epitrix cucumeris) Potato leafhopper (Empoasea fabae) Potato psyllid (Paratrioza cockerelli) Potato tuberworm (Phthorimaea operculella) Precis coenia (a nymphalid butterfly) 62h Procecidochares utilis (a gall fly) 03, 99 Prociphilus tessellatus (woolly alder aphid) Tao) Prosapia bicincta (twolined spittlebug) 98, 557 Protodiaspis didymus (an armored scale) 780, 752 Pesienss hila australis (a piophilid fly) ilk 05 Dasuelelee ne unipuncta (armyworm) 3, 59, OL, 127, 189, 227, 239, 251, 277, 301, 317, 329, 349, 381, 388, 401, 437, 473, 517, 523, 531, 553, 597, 633, fel, Tefifo Waltons rcehose Se 2h sis}, ability abouts 186, 217, 233, 247, 263, 274, 284, 311, 312, 324, 340-341, 364-365, 393-394, 416-417, 432-433, 4he-hu7, 468-469, 488- 489, 508-509, 532-533, 548-549, 568-569, 586-587, 608-609, 626-627, 645-646, 667- 668, 687, 700, 715, 726, T42, 753 Bacmd ons clavigera (en armored scale) 96, 701 Pseudatomoscelis seriatus (cotton fleahopper) 122, 385, 406, 425, bho, 459, 542 Pseudaulacaspis pentagona (white peach scale 21 Pseudococeus comstocki (comstock mealybug) 167, 390, 465, 485, 505, 565, 579, 583, 606, 624, 684, 741 Pseudococcus longispinus (longtailed ~ mealybug) ~mealybug) 60 Pseudococcus maritimus (grape mealybug) 306 Pseudoplusia includens (soybean looper) 59, co G00, 602, 617, 637, 657, 661, 680, 695 Heute yaa anomalus (a lady beetle) a Psilocorsis faginella (an oecophorid moth) 15, 173 Psoloessa delicatula (a grasshopper ) 25T Psorophora confinnis (a mosquito) 360, 369, 463 Psorophora signipennis 1, 643 ( ) aes equi (scab mite Ps Si pyricola (pear psylla) T, 108, 147, 150, 152, 230, 321, 357, 367, 427, 482, 544, 550, 712, 751 Psylla uncatoides (a psyllid) cei Pteromalus venustus (a pteromalid wasp) 15 Ptinus clavipes (brown spider beetle) T1Oy TLe3L, 232 Pulvinaria ericicola (a soft scale) 15 Pulvinaria mesembryanthemi 696 SG Purple scale (Lepidosaphes beckii) Puss caterpillar (Megalopyge opercularis) ee spp. (pyralid moths) 95, 723 suas fumalis 95 Pyrausta ochosalis 695 Pyrrhalta luteola (elm leaf beetle) 129, 147, 149, 173, 192, 194, 230, ahh, 245, 271, 321, 336, 359, 388, 4 48h, 526, 544, 561, ee 605, 621, 682, 685, 712 Q Quadraspidiotus perniciosus (San Jose ee) Ti, 60, 152, 525, 580, 604, 72h Quadraspidiotus coneaad (an armored e@aie) 780, 762 Range caterpillar (Hemileuca oliviae) Range crane fly (Tipula simplex) Raspberry cane borer (Oberea bimaculata) Raspberry crown borer (Bembecia marginata) Redbacked cutworm (Buxoa ochrogaster) Redbanded leafroller (Argyrotaenia velutinana) Redbanded thrips (Selenothrips rubrocinctus) Red flour beetle (Tribolium castaneum) Redheaded pine sawfly (Neodiprion lecontei) Red-horned grain beetle Platydema ruficorne) Redhumped caterpillar (Schizura concinna) Red imported fire ant Solenopsis invicta) Redlegged grasshopper Melanoplus femurrubrum) Rednecked peanutworm Stegasta bosqueella) Red pine sawfly (Neodiprion nanulus nanulus) Redshouldered ham beetle Necrobia ruficollis) Reticulitermes spp. (subterranean termites) | 109 Reticulitermes flavipes (eastern subterranean termite) 32, 109, 178 Reticulitermes hesperus (western subterranean termite 130 Reticulitermes tibialis (a subterranean termite) Oca Rhagoletis cingulata (cherry fruit fly) 153, 357 Rhagoletis completa (walnut husk fly) 15k, 54h Rhagoletis indifferens (western cherry fruit fly) B53F 306, 357 Rhagoletis mendax mendax (blueberry maggot) bp 32 ( ) = ae omonella (apple maggot 387, 562, 60 i ae Tus conicus (a weevil) 505, 60k Rhipicephalus sanguineus (brown dog tick) ) 7 Rhodesgrass scale (Antonina graminis) Rhopalosiphum fitchii (apple grain aphid) 185, SBS) Csby 2s Ta, Tel, WM Rhopalosiphum maidis (corn leaf aphid) 1, 46, 85, 178, 268, 277, 302, 329, 349, 363, bot ter, 437, 453, 473, lok, 517, 531, 537, 554, 573, 597, 613, 633, 666, 693, 721, 761 Rhopalosiphum nymphaeae (waterlily aphid) ni TAS 666 Rhopalos iphum padi (an aphid) Dt) LOT, 1, 163, 189 Rhyacionia buoliana (European pine shoot moth) 696 Rhyacionia bushnelli (an olethreutid moth) 15, 170, 503, 544, 739 Rhyacionia frustrana (Nantucket pine tip moth) 109, 192, 335,.763, 779 Rhyacionia rigidana (pitch pine tip moth) 15 Rhyzopertha dominica (lesser grain borer) TOL Rice weevil (Sitophilus oryzae) Ricoseius loxocheles (a phytoseiid mite) ISS Le As Rodolia cardinalis (vedalia) 2, 62 Rosy apple aphid (Dysaphis plantaginea) Rosy predator snail (Buglandina rosea) Roundheaded pine beetle (Dendroctonus adjunctus) Rumina decollata (a snail) a) Ss Saddled prominent (Heterocampa guttivitta) Sagebrush defoliator (Aroga websteri) Saissetia coffeae (hemispherical scale) 335 Saissetia miranda (a soft scale) 2 Saissetia nigra (a soft scale) co cae Saissetia oleae (black scale) 25,79; 1295155, 165, 213, 243, 270, 307, 358, 408, 461, 482, 526, 580, 638 Saltmarsh eatempallas (Estigmene acrea) Saltmarsh mosquito (Aedes sollicitans) Sanbornia juniperi (an aphid 719, 782 San Jose scale (Quadraspidiotus perniciosus) Sanninoidea exitiosa (peachtree borer) B2yyL50) ake, 335, 638, 72k Saratoga spittlebug (Aphrophora saratogensis) Sarcoptes scabiei (itch mite) ye Sawflies 169, 196, 197 Sawtoothed grain beetle (Oryzaephilus surinamensis ) Seab mite (Psoroptes equi) Sceptrothelys grandiclava (a pteromalid wasp) aks oe 782 Sghile xoweres americana (American grasshopper) 98, 403 Schistocerca vaga (vagrant grasshopper ) "6S Schizaphis graminum (greenbug) 35 5p Ls Gia, FS) Ti els 1155 los Milo; 127, 155 163, 178, 179, 189, Bila. 227, 239, 251, 302, 317, 39, 350, 381, 401-402, 415, 4e1- hop, 437, 44s, 153. 45h, 460, 464, 473-474, 481, 494-495, o 13}< 505, 518, 537, 554, 597, 613, 633, 643, 657, 677, 693, 709, 721, 737, 749, 761, TT Schizura concinna (redhumped caterpillar) 562 Schreckensteinia festaliella (a heliodini moth 232, 505 Scirtothrips citri (citrus thrips ) 108, 155) 166, 21k, Wha desis s inermis “Uz thrips ) 3, 502, 503 Scobicia declivis (leadcable borer) 11 Scolia dubia (a scoliid wasp) 698, 7oL Scolytus spp. (fir engravers) 195 Scolytus oa (smaller European elm bark beetle) 173, 386, 388, 462, 605 Scolytus rugulosus (shothole borer) 525, 580 Scolytus ventralis (fir engraver) 195 ee (Cochliomyia hominivorax) Scutigerella sees garden symphylan) 562... us spp. cee beetles) ate Scyphophorus acupunctatus (a weevil) 230, 232 ee maggot (Hylemya latura) Selca brunella (melastoma borer) Bi TIT, 232, 339, 392, 467, 585, 64h, Selenothrips rubrocinctus (redbanded thrips) 686 a santaremaria (a geometrid moth) > 2h6, 273, 625, 754 Seine macropus (a sciomyzid fly) 531 Sepedon n. sp Tet Sepedon sauteri (a sciomyzid fly) 14, 531, 727 Serpentine leafminer Liriomyza brassicae) Sheep bot fly Oestrus ovis) Sheep ked Melophagus ovinus) Shortnosed cattle louse (Haematopinus eurysternus ) Shothole borer Scolytus rugulosus) Similium spp. (black flies) 683 Simulium congareenarum (a whitestockinged black fly) 74, 177 Simulium jenningsi 683 Simulium slossonae 17k, 177 Simulium venustum ITT, 282, 428, 683 Sipha flava (yellow sugarcane aphid L76, Sitene lineatus (pea leaf weevil) EEO) Seion 146, 305, 310, 320, 386, 521, 524, 557, 561 Sitone scissifrons (a weevil) sieeustng oryzae (rice weevil) 999, Fes Sitotroga ee (Angoumois grain moth) 148 Sixspotted mite (Eotetranychus sexmaculatus ) Smaller European elm bark beetle (Scolytus multistriatus ) Solenopsis spp. (fire ants) 61, 765 . (a marsh fly) Solenopsis geminata (fire ant) 750 Solenopsis invicta (red imported fire ant) 215, 309, 310, 356, 362, 579, 584, 782 Solenopsis saevissima richteri (imported fire ant) 6, 33, 61, 66, 103 Solenopsis xyloni (southern fire ant) lll, 623 Sorghum midge (Contarinia sorghicola) Sorghum webworm (Celama sorghiella) Sourbush seed fly (Acinia picturata) South African emex weevil (Apion antiquum) Southern chinch bug (Blissus insularis) Southern corn rootworm (Diabrotica undecimpunctata howardi) Southern cornstalk borer (Diatraea crambidoides) Southern fire ant (Solenopsis xyloni) Southern green stink bug (Nezara viridula) Southern house mosquito (Culex pipiens quingquefasciatus ) Southern pine beetle (Dendroctonus frontalis) Southern pine root weevil (Hylobius aliradicis) Southern potato wireworm (Conoderus falli) Southern red mite (Oligonychus ilicis) Southwestern corn borer (Diatraea grandiosella) Soybean cyst nematode (Heterodera glycines) Soybean looper (Pseudoplusia includens) Spathimeigenia spinigera (a tachina fly) 765 Spharagemon collare (a grasshopper ) 529 Sphenophorus spp. (billbugs) gh Sphenophorus callosus (a billbug) oh Sphenophorus cicatristriatus (a billbug) 136 Sphenophorus maidis (maize billbug) ok, 227, 251 Sphenophorus parvulus (bluegrass billbug) 98, 239, 438, 498, 520, 557, 576, 615 Spicaria (fungus) Spilococcus ventralis (a mealybug) 130 Spined soldier bug (Podisus maculiventris) Spiny oakworm (Anisota stigma) Spirea aphid (Aphis spiraecola) Spissistilus festinus (threecornered alfalfa hopper) 41, 120, 146, 42h, 616, 738, 762 Spodoptera exigua (beet armyworm) TeeOpmses Tis, Tah Abst Sitsis)4 aula. alent, 229, 242, 253, 332, 335, 354, 45, 467, 507, del, 557-558, 567, Difilis Did) 600, 603, 617, 618, 619, 620, 661, 666, 678, 681, 686, 695, 71l, 767, 778- Light traps: 9, 233, 247, 263, 274, 284, 311, 324, 3h0, 364, 393-394, 432-433, 69, 488, 508-509, 532, 548-549, 568-569, 587, 608, 626-627, 645-646, 667-668, 687, 700, 715, 726, fae 753 Spodoptera frugiperda (fall armyworm 89, 92, 96, 239, 277, 438, 456, 493, to7, 498, 521, 523, 539, 553, 556, 557, 575, 5179, 599, 615, 618, 633, 635, 659, 678, 679, 694, 710, 722, 737, 750. = 16) = Light traps: 9, 33, 324, 340, 364, 393, 416, 432, 446, 468-469, 488-489, 508-509, 532, 548-549, 568-569, 586- 587, 608-609, 626-627, 645-646, 667- 668, 687, 700, 715, 726, TH2, 753 Spodoptera mauritia (lawn armyworm) 283 Spodoptera ornithogalli (yellowstriped a mE a Light traps: i 9, 21, 33, Tl, 131, 186, aljpeasea eal 263, 274, 284, 311, 324, 340, 364-364, 393-394, 416-417, 432-433, 4k6, 4e8- ki 469, 488-489, 508-509, 532-533, 548-549, 568-569, 586-587, 608-609, 626-627, 645- 646, 667-668, 687, 700, 715, 726, THe, | 153 i Spodoptera praefica (western yellowstriped armyworm) 140, 229, 331, 477, 481, 499, 524, 600 Spotted alfalfa aphid (Therioaphis maculata) Spotted asparagus beetle (Crioceris duodecimpunctata) Spotted cutworm (Amathes c-nigrum) Spring cankerworm (Paleacrita vernata) Spruce beetle 7 (Dendroctonus rufipennis) : Spruce bud scale : (Physokermes piceae) hi Spruce budworm ‘ (Choristoneura fumiferana) oh Spruce spider mite SS (Oligonychus ununguis ) Stable fly Hi (Stomoxys calcitrans) d Stalk borer (Papaipema nebris) Steelblue lady beetle (Orcus chalybeus) 47 Stegasta bosqueella (rednecked peanutworm) 78, 558, 577, 618, 11, 723 Steneotarsonemus pallidus (cyclamen mite) 166 a pyrioides (azalea lace bug) 307, 69 Stephanitis takeyai (a lace bug) 604, 610, 620, 621, 682, 685, 763 Stethorus sp. (a lady beetle) 179, 219, 564 ( ) Stethorus picipes (a lady beetle 606 Stink bugs 617 Stomoxys calcitrans (stable fly) 167, 174, 177, 215, 245, 308, 389, 411, 4ue, 485, 504, 528, 545, 564, 582, 606, 623, 641, 663, 683, 697, 713, 753 Striped blister beetle (Epicauta vittata) Striped cucumber beetle (Acalymma vittata) Strauzia longipennis (sunflower maggot ) 12 Strawberry spider mite (@etranychus turkestani) Strawberry weevil (Anthonomus signatus) Strigoderma arboricola (a scarab) 193 Striped horse fly (Tabanus lineola) 4 oS melinus (cotton square borer) P 260 nani 2 v it ‘ Sugarbeet root maggot fy (Tetanops myopaeformis) 4 Sugarcane aphid ; (Longiunguis sacchari) 2 Sugarcane borer | (Diatraea saccharalis) Sugarcane leafhopper (Perkinsiella saccharicida) Sugarcane leafroller (Hedylepta accepta) Sunflower beetle (Zygogramma exclamationis) Sunflower blossom midge (Contarinia schulzi) Sunflower maggot (Strauzia longipennis ) Sunflower moth (Homoeosoma electellum) Swallowtail butterfly (Papilio xuthus) Sweetpotato flea beetle (Chaetoenema confinis) Sweetpotato leaf beetle (Typophorus nigritus viridicyaneus ) Sweetpotato leafminer (Bedellia orchilella) Sweetpotato weevil (Cylas formicarius elegantulus ) Sycamore lace bug (Corythucha ciliata) Symmerista albifrons (a notodontid moth) 152, 15 Symmerista canicosta (a notodontid moth) Imi, 197, M62, 5eT Sympiesis viridula (a eulophid wasp) 519, 620 Synanthedon pictipes (lesser peachtree borer BORD O) T Tabanus spp. (tabanid flies) 30 Tabanus abactor 30: Tabanus americanus 308 Tabanus atratus (black horse fly) 428 Tabanus cymatophorus 16 Tabanus lineola (striped horse fly) 308 Tachypterellus quadrigibbus (apple curculio) 335 Taeniothrips hawaiiensis (Hawaiian thrips) 1h9 Tahitian coconut weevil (Diocalandra taitensis) Takecallis arundinariae (a bamboo aphid) Tog, 415 Tarnished plant bug (Lygus lineolaris) Taro leafhopper (Tarophagus proserpina) (taro leafhopper ) ae proserpina 45, Tathorhynchus angustiorata (a noctuid moth) 730 Taxodiomyia cupressiananassa (a gall midge) L47, 149 Tea scale (Fiorinia theae) Teleonemia scrupulosa (lantana lace bug) 283, 431 Telsimia nitida (a lady beetle) WB, 61, 131, 363, 543, 644, 666 Tetanops myopaeformis (sugarbeet root maggot) 123, 279, 354, 355, 426, 501 Tetraleurodes mori (mulberry whitefly) ent, 245 Tetralopha asperatella (a pyralid moth) lo, 173 Tetralopha militella (a pyralid moth) 16, 173 Tetranychus spp. (spider mites) 191, 354, 499 Tetranychus cinnabarinus (carmine spider eo) 1, 45, 80, 89, 96, 131, 232, 333, 467, 531, 699, T6T Tetranychus medanieli (McDaniel spider mee) 213, 306, 606 = 20) = Tetranychus pacificus (Pacific spider aieey 118, 406 Tetranychus tumidus (tumid spider mite) 339 Tetranychus turkestani (strawberry spider ae) ake, 336 Tetranychus urticae (twospotted spider mite Ti, 89, 96, 120, 12, 156, 166, 192, 333, 403, 406, 408, 476, 479, 480, 502, 523, 52h, Pe 5HO, 544, 557, 575, 21 577, 601, 618, Tetrastichus sp. 781 Tetrastichus haitiensis ST Tetrastichus incertus 179, 193 Tetrastichus julis STL hie, 415, 60, 464, 528, 561, 579, 582 Texas citrus mite (Eutetranychus banksi) Therioaphis maculata (spotted alfalfa aphid) 3, 19, 41, 59, 77, 81, 88, 107, 127, 145, 163, 178, 189, 211, 227, 239, 2h1, 251, 253,. 277, 302, 330, 350, 404, 422, 437, 454, 460, 474, 495, 519, 538, 555, 564, 574, 579, 598, 614, 634, 657, 665, 693, 709, 721, 737, TH9 Threecornered alfalfa hopper (Spissistilus festinus) Threelined potato beetle (Lema trilineata) Threestriped blister beetle (Epicauta lemiscata) Thrips 128 eee ; Thrips tabaci (onion thrips 33, iit, 253, 339, 487, 699, 727 Thyridopteryx ephemeraeformis (bagworm) 109, 156, aun, 387, 183, 504, 527 Thysanopyga intractata (a geometrid moth) 763, 119, Tee Tinocallis caryaefoliae (black pecan aphid) 155, 525, 562, 604, 638, 662, 682, 712, 72h Tinocallis kahawaluokalani (crapemyrtle aphid) 712 ) Tipula paludosa (European crane fly ale oh, 309, 565, 642, 664, 698, 741, 765 Tipula simplex (range crane fly 146 Tobacco budworm (Heliothis virescens) Tobacco flea beetle (Epitrix hirtipennis) Tobacco hornworm (Manduca sexta) Tobacco moth (Ephestia elutella) Tobacco thrips (Frankliniella fusca) Tomato hornworm (Manduca quinquemaculata) Tomato pinworm (Keiferia lycopersicella) Tomato russet mite (Aculops lycopersici) Tomicus piniperda (a bark beetle) 23h Toxoptera aurantii (black citrus aphid) Ths, 487 Toxoptera citricida (brow citrus aphid) Uy Trachyrhachys kiowa (a grasshopper) 65, TL Transverse lady beetle (Coccinella transversoguttata) Trathala flavo-orbitalis (ae ichneumon wasp) 467, 603, 753 Trialeurodes abutilonea (bandedwing whitefly) 119, 120, 122, 479, 481, 578, 601, 602, 610, 619, 661, 695, 696, 750 Trialeurodes vaporariorum (greenhouse whitefly) Lh, W6, lll, 168, 194, 246, oe: 363, 392, 4h5, 543, 567, 666, 699, 183 Tribolium audax (American black flour beetle) 225 213} Tribolium castaneum (red flour beetle) Tribolium confusum (confused flour beetle) 20, 43, 80 Trichogramma spp. (minute egg parasites) 363, 431, 603 Trichogramma semifumatum (a minute egg parasite) 543 Trichomalus statutus (a pteromalid wasp) ial Trichoplusia ni (cabbage looper) i I 59, 60, Tgis), Wo), hil, alis}e), weil, GYoils: 567, 578, 579, 600, 602, 619, 620, 636, 637, 657, 660, 661, 680, 681, 695, 711, 7235 fol. Light traps: 186, 27, 2335 247, 263, 274, 284, 311, 324, 340, 364- 365, 393-394, 417, 432-433, 4ho, 468- 469, 188-489, 508-509, 532-533; 548-5h9, 568-569, 586-587, 608-609, 626-627, 645- 646, 667-668 , 687, 700, 715, 726, 153} Trichopoda pennipes (a tachina fly) 256, 339, ib, Lé7 Trichopoda pennipes pilipes (a tachina fly) 767, 7 Trichopoda pennipes var. pilipes a tachina fy) 149 Trimerotropis latifasciata (a grasshopper) 929 Trimerotropis strenua (a grasshopper) 561 Trioxys pallidus (a braconid) 179. Trissolcus basalis (a scelionid wasp) Wh, 339, 531 ( Trogoderma granarium (khapra beetle 512-513, @28-650, 647-653 Tropidosteptes spp. (plant bugs) 281 Tropidosteptes illitus BBL Tropidosteptes pacificus 281, 527 Tulip bulb aphid (Dysaphis tulipae) Tumid spider mite (Tetranychus tumidus) Twicestabbed lady beetle (Chilocorus stigma) Twig girdler (Oncideres cingulata) Twolined spittlebug (Prosapia bicincta) Twospotted lady beetle (Adalia bipunctata) Twospotted spider mite (Tetranychus urticae) Twostriped grasshopper (Melanoplus bivittatus) Typhlodromus sp. (a phytoseiid mite) 213 Tes nigritus viridicyaneus sweetpotato leaf beetle) 603 ia jacobaeae (a cinnabar moth) 180, 505 Tytthus mundulus (cane leafhopper egg sucker) 46, 487, 714 U Unaspis citri (an armored scale) 12, 79, 108, 129, 165, 213, 243, 270, 307, 358, 409, 461, 482, 526, 580, 638, 763 Uroplata girardi (lantana hispid) 111, 283, 431 Senbes Utabaenetes tanneri (a mole cricket) 331, 33 Vv Vagrant grasshopper (Schistocerca vaga) Variable oakleaf caterpillar (Heterocampa manteo) Variegated cutworm (Peridroma saucia) Veda.ia (Rodolia cardinalis) Vegetable leafminer (Liriomyza munda) Vegetable weevil (Listroderes costirostris obliquus) Velataspis dentata (a diaspidid scale) 763 Velvetbean caterpillar (Anticarsia gemmatalis) Vert © rugosula oralis (a land snail) 16 Vexans mosquito (Aedes vexans nocturnus) Vogtia malloi (a phycitid moth) : 180 WwW Walkingstick (Diapheromera femorata) Walnut aphid (Chromaphis juglandicola) Walnut caterpillar (Datana integerrima) Walnut husk fly (Rhagoletis completa) Waterlily aphid (Rhopalosiphum nymphaeae ) Weevils 684. Western bean cutworm (Loxagrotis albicosta) Western blackheaded budworm (Acleris gloverana) Western cherry fruit fly (Rhagoletis indifferens) Western corn rootworm (Diabrotica virgifera) Western flower thrips (Frankliniella occidentalis) Western grapeleaf skeletonizer (Harrisina brillians) Western spotted cucumber beetle (Diabrotica undecimpunctata \ undecimpunctata Western spruce budworm (Chorisoneura occidentalis ) Western subterranean termite (Reticulitermes hesperus ) Western tent caterpillar (Malacosoma californicum) Western tussock moth (Hemerocampa vetusta) Western yellowstriped armyworm (Spodoptera praefica) | West Indian sugarcane root borer (Diaprepes abbreviatus ) : Wheat stem maggot { (Meromyza americana) ; Wheat stem sawfly ( (Cephus cinctus) D White fir needleminer (Epinotia meritana) Whiteflies 42, 129, 165, 213, 243, 270, 307, 358, hog, 462, 483, 526, 581, 639 Whitefringed beetles (Graphognathus spp- ) 187, 194 Whitelined sphinx (Hyles lineata) White peach scale (Pseudaulacaspis pentagona) White pine aphid (Cinara strobi) White pine weevil (Pissodes strobi) Winter grain mite (Penthaleus major) Winter tick (Dermacentor albipictus) Wireworms gh, 303 Woolly alder aphid (Prociphilus tessellatus) Woolly apple aphid (Eriosoma lanigerum) Woolly whitefly (Aleurothrixus floccosus) X Xanthippus corallipes (a grasshopper ) 257 Xanthopimpla punctata (an ichneumon wasp) 356, 363 Xenochalepus dorsalis (locust leafminer) as an Xylomyges curialis (a noctuid moth) 306 Xylosandrus compactus (a bark beetle) Us, 4, 80 Xylosandrus germanus (a scolytid beetle) 640, 643 Y Yellowheaded spruce sawfly (Pikonema alaskensis) Yellow scale (Aonidiella citrina) Yellowstriped armyworm (Spodoptera ornithogalli) Yellow sugarcane aphid (Sipha flava) Z Zebra caterpillar (Ceramica picta) “Zelleria haimbachi (pine needle sheathminer) 739 Zelus renardii (a reduviia) 246, 323 Zetzellia mali (a phytoseiid mite) 0 Zeuxidiplosis giardi (a cecidomyiid ECS) 565 Zimmerman pine moth (Dioryetria zimmermani) Zygogramma exclamationis (sunflower beetle) 355, 426 — BB = ink OL ; i \ ik hay . q A f i Fa Y y nll , “4 es a BS f ~ a) “ 5 . ‘ f ! ar ‘ j oe se all Se i cai : Sous R BRARIES SMITHSONIAN. 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