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C440
VOL.6 No.1 JANUARY 6, 1956

Co 0/2 ee tive
ECONOMIC INSECT.
REPORT

; Issued by
PLANT PEST CONTROL BRANCH Coe iN
AGRICULTURAL RESEARCH SERVICE

UNITED STATES DEPARTMENT OF AGRICULTURE

AGRICULTURAL RESEARCH SERVICE

PLANT PEST CONTROL BRANCH

ECONOMIC INSECT SURVEY SECTION

The Cooperative Economic Insect Report is
issued weekly as a service to American Agri-
culture. Its contentsare compiled from informa-
tion supplied by cooperating State, Federal, and
industrial entomologists and other agricultural
workers. In releasing this material the Branch
serves as a clearing house and does not assume

responsibility for accuracy of the material.

Reports and inquiries pertaining to this release
should be mailed to:

Economic Insect Survey Section
Plant Pest Control Branch
Agricultural Research Service
United States Department of Agriculture
Washington 25, D. C.

Volume 6 January 6, 1956 INGOs JL
COOPERATIVE ECONOMIC INSECT REPORT

Highlights of Insect Conditions

aan WEEVIL hibernation survey in North Carolina and Mississippi.
p. 3).

A GRAIN BEETLE (Pharaxonotha kirschi) reported from California for
first time. (p. 5).

SUMMARY OF INSECT CONDITIONS - 1955 - in Delaware (p. 6)
and Colorado \p. 11).

RAR ARR AE IRR A ARK AK ERK AE KEK RE EK AK RA AEE KKK

WEATHER BUREAU'S 30-DAY OUTLOOK

January 1956

The Weather Bureau's 30-day outlook for January calls for temperatures
to average below seasonal normals in the eastern third of the nation.
Above normal temperatures are indicated from the Mississippi

westward to the Pacific with greatest departures in the southern Rockies.
Precipitation is expected to be near or above normal in the Southwest
and along the West Coast. In the remainder of the country generally
subnormal amounts are predicted.

This report released by the Weather Bureau on December SOR GOD:

Weather forecast given here is based on the official 30-day "Resume
and Outlook", published twice a month by the Weather Bureau. You can
subscribe through Superintendent of Documents, Washington 25, D.C.
Price $4. 80 a year, $2.40 for six months.

TEAR AR RAK HK A OK EK KK

Reports in this issue are for the week ending December 30, 1955,
unless otherwise designated.

owes
WEATHER FOR THE WEEK ENDING JANUARY 2, 1955

Continued above normal temperatures over large sections of the United
States and decrease of rain in the flooded West Coast areas during the
last week in December, produced a less eventful weather sequence than
that of the earlier weeks of the month. However, the long period with
deficient precipitation in the Central Plains area brings a threat of
increasing dust storms. On January 1 a severe storm was reported

in western Kansas reducing the visability at Goodland to 1/16 mile for

© hours; winds of 45 miles an hour and gusts up to 60 carried dust as

far east as Chanute. Above normal temperatures in west central Great
Plains continued as low pressure cells passed over the area at the
beginning of the period. Along the Canadian Border and in Eastern
sections temperatures fluctuated between warm and cold with the passage
of several frontal systems. Temperatures for the week averaged as
much as 10 degrees below normal in the Eastern portions of the country
and by as much as 6 degrees in the far Northwest. Northern and central
Florida experienced freezing temperatures as a cold high pressure pushed
into the region on January 2.

The West Coast again is the region of high precipitation. In northern
California the amounts were not heavy enough to cause recurrence of
floods. Early and late in the period, Oregon and Washington received
moderate to heavy falls. Light to moderate precipitation occurred
intermittently along northern areas and on Thursday and Friday in the
South with some heavy amount on the east coast of Florida Peninsula,
The lack of precipitation is a growing problem in the Southwest, middle
and southern Great Plains and most of the middle Atlantic and the
Southeast. Oklahoma reports nearly 3 months of dry weather and
preliminary reports from Maryland and New Jersey indicate this may be
the driest December on record.

Snowfall occurring during the latter part of the period increased snow-
covered depths in areas of southwest Montana, Wyoming, Washington,
New York and some of the New England States. A fall of ten inches of
new snow was reported at Boonville, New York on Friday bringing

the total snow cover there to 19 inches. Depths over extreme
Northern areas of the country range from 8 to 30 inches. In mountain
areas, Mt. Baker Lodge, Washington reports a depth of 161 inches,
Twin Lakes, California 88 and Crater Lake, Oregon 86. (Summary
Supplied by U. S. Weather Bureau).

CEREAL AND FORAGE INSECTS

SPOTTED ALFALFA APHID - CALIFORNIA - In addition to counties on
distribution map (CEIR 5(50):1094), infestations have been found in
Alameda County (Nov. 23) and in Sutter County (Nov. 28). (Cal. Coop.
Rept. ).

FRUIT INSECTS

Citrus Insect Situation, Florida, Third Week of December
Reduction in activity for purple scale Florida red scale, citrus red

mite. Activity unchanged for citrust rust mite. (Pratt, Thompson,
Johnson). Soft scale nymphs averaging 50-100 per leaf on citrus at
Tampa, Hillsborough County, Dec. 20. (Thalgott).

COTTON INSECTS

Boll Weevil Hibernation Counts - 1955

NORTH CAROLINA - During December, 600 square yards of surface
woods trash were examined in North Carolina. Five farm sites each in
twelve counties were examined. The average number of live boll
weevils per acre per county found in the 1954 and 1955 fall examinations
in these counties was as follows:

1954 1955
Wilson 2, 130 --
Robeson -- 5, 324
Union -- 2, 807
Cleveland 290 D, 033
Franklin 1, 065 Ae TAK)
Hoke 484 7, 144
Harnett 1, 334 1, 646
Eidgecombe -- 2, 420
Scotland 968 14, 714
Rowan 1, 549 4,937
Wayne -- 580
Northampton -- 194
Sampson 2, 904 1, 646
Halifax 2, 614 --
Average of all samples 1,334 4,146

Other insects recorded in these examinations include bean leaf beetle,
Fuller rose beetle, Mexican bean beetle and lady beetles. (Walker,
Mistric etal). MISSISSIPPI - During the first week of December 1955,
160 samples of surface woods trash were examined from 7 counties in
Mississippi. Samples were taken from Delta Counties of Bolivar,
Issaquena, Leflore, Sharkey and Washington and from hill counties of

ugh
Oktibbeha and Rankin. Examinations showed live boll weevils to be
present at various rates per sample ranging from O to 27, 830 per acre
with an average of 5, 004 per acre.
Since this program is just being initiated in Mississippi comparable
figures for past years are not available. (Merk et al).
TRUCK CROP INSECTS
INSECTS ON GREENS - OKLAHOMA - Populations in Arkansas River

Valley are lower than in the past two years. No populations of
commercial importance found. (Hensley).

FOREST, ORNAMENTAL AND SHADE TREE INSECTS

A WAX SCALE (Ceroplastes rubens)-F LORIDA - Collected on aralia and
philodendron at Miami, Dade County, Dec. 5. (Daigle). Apparently this
is the first report of this species in the United States.

A PEONY SCALE (Pseudaonidia paeoniae)-FLORIDA - Nymphs and
adults averaging 10 per square inch of stem of camellia and azalea at
Pensacola, Escambia County, Dec. 5. (Albritton, Bragdon).

AN APHID (Myzus dianthi)-WASHINGTON - Correction CEIR 5(52):1130
Myzus persicae should read M, dianthi. (Johansen),

INSECTS AFFECTING MAN AND ANIMALS
CLUSTER FLIES - UTAH - Annoying in northern area homes. (Knowlton).

CATTLE LICE - UTAH - Serious problem in some Weber County herds.
(Knowlton).

CATTLE GRUBS - OKLAHOMA - Counts at Pawhuska, Osage County,
averaged 12-15 per animal. (Howell).

MISCELLANEOUS INSECTS

BROWN-BANDED ROACH (Supella supellectilium)-OKLAHOMA -
Infestations numerous in Payne County recently. (Bieberdorf).

POWDER POST BEETLES - UTAH - Have severely damaged hardwood
furniture ina home at Logan. Furniture was shipped in a year ago.
(Knowlton).

OLD HOUSE BORER (Hylotrupes bajulus) FLORIDA - Larvae in dry pine
woodwork at Orlando, Orange County. (Det. L. A. Hetrick). (Denmark).

eRites

BOXELDER BUG (Leptocoris trivittatus) OKLAHOMA - Invading many
houses in north Sentral area. (Howell).

Light Trap Collections
ees (iskeland Dec. 8 & 19): Feltia subterranea, 9; Heliothis zea,
. (Gainesville, Dec. 16 & 20): Feltia subterranea 1; Pseudaletia

a uncta 6. (Monticello, Dec. 8): Feltia subterran subterranea Bi (Sanford, Dec.
16): Feltia subterranea, 1. (Belle Glade) Dec! 12): Feltia subterranea,
te

STORED PRODUCT'S INSECTS

KHAPRA BEETLE (Trogoderma granarium) - CALIFORNIA - First
record of established infestation in San Diego County, August 24, 1955,
in rolled barley feed near El Cajon. Infestation light. (Cal. Coop. Rept. ).

A GRAIN BEETLE (Pharaxonotha kirschi) - CALIFORNIA - Found for
first time in State in mixed grain at Colton in San Bernardino County,
December 5, 1955. Known to occur in Texas and Illinois. (Cal. Coop.
Rept., Dec. 19).

Bees
SUMMARY OF INSECT CONDITIONS
DELAWARE
Reported by H. E. Milliron

Corn Insects

EUROPEAN CORN BORER (Pyrausta nubilalis) pupation proceeded
rapidly in Sussex County by April 7 with 50 percent pupated in one corn
field near Greenwood; adults were observed throughout the State by

May 25, and eggs were found on taller corn and on weeds. Leaf damage
by small borers occurred commonly in Sussex and Kent Counties in
early June--more severe later than last season Heavy borer populations
were encountered at many places by late June. Pupation of first-gener-
ation borers occurred by mid-July as far north as Rising Sun. Heavy
infestations were recorded in the vicinities of Greenwood and Bridgeville,
in early August Fall survey revealed a State average of 240 borers per
100 stalks, an increase of 300 percent, or four times the borer popula-
tion the preceding season CORN EARWORM (Heliothis zea) adults
appeared in early June, and the first small larvae were found in corn
near Little Creek; numerous in young tassels of early sweet corn from
Dover southward; injury to whorls of field corn conspicious at Some
places in Sussex County by third week of that month Destructive to
tassels and ears of sweet corn throughout the State in July, especially in
Sussex County. Small larvae were common in ears of field corn, in
August. Abundant adults were observed toward end of the season in
alfalfa near Lincoln. The insect was equally as destructive as in 1904.
Few SAP BEETLE (Carpophilus lugubris) adults found by mid-June in
corn plants infested by other pests; abundant in damaged tassels and
whorls and present in uninjured plants by end of month from Mt. Pleasant
southward. Adults were very abundant generally and very destructive to
untreated corn in Sussex and Kent Counties throughout July and August.
CUTWORMS (Agrotis ypsilon, Feltia subgothica) were injurious to young
corn from mid-May to early June at several places. Numerous SEED-
CORN MAGGOT (Hylemya cilicrura) adults observed emerging during
May in fields in Kent and Sussex Counties and estimated loss in some
cases amounted to 10 percent. CORN ROOT APHID (Anuraphis maidi-
radicis) was very abundant in areas with lighter soils at numerous
locations from Townsend southward in June, wilting and retarding the
growth of many plants. CORN LEAF APHID (Rhopalosiphum maidis)
was much more destructive than usual to tassels and top leaves of both
sweet and field corn during July and August, throughout the State.

CORN FLEA BEETLE (Chaetocnema pulicaria) adults were active in
grassy meadows and on volunteer corn during April in Kent and Sussex
Counties. They were numerous and destructive on sweet corn at many
places in May. High percentage of bacterial wilt, associated with prior
feeding, was evident in June in both sweet- and field-corn plantings.
ARMYWORM (Pseudaletia unipuncta) caused moderate damage to corn in
some areas. Some scattered injury was evident in whorls of field corn
until mid-June. FALIARMYWORM (Laphygqma frugiperda) was more
injurious than last season, and as severe as in 1950 in whorls of late corn.

ie

Cereal and Forage Insects
Numerous ARMYWORM moths observed in flight on April 21 and eggs

and small larvae were found in grassy meadows in western and northern
Sussex County in mid-May. Feeding on barley, wheat, oats, rye and
timothy was light generally, except approximately 20 acres of wheat at
Harrington. Large acreages of timothy at Andrewsville and Mt. Pleasant
were severely damaged. Larval activity continued in cereal and hay crops
until mid-June. The pest was not unusually abundant except in small,
restricted areas. Light to moderately heavy infestations of ENGLISH
GRAIN APHID (Macrosiphum granarium) occurred during April and May
on rye, barley and wheat generally. Recorded as numerous only on
small grains in some locations. Somewhat more injurious than in 1954.
EUROPEAN WHEAT STEM SAWFLY (Cephus pygmaeus) adults were
prevalent and ovipositing in wheat and barley from ‘Townsend southward
during May. Some lodging, later, was attributed to this pest. BLACK
GRAIN STEM SAWFLY (Cephus tabidus) adults were unusually abundant
near Middletown early in May. ALFALFA WEEVIL (Hypera postica)
larvae were active throughout the State by early April, producing heavy
infestations generally in untreated first-growth alfalfa south of Summit
Bridge by the end of that month, rendering many plantings complete
losses and prompting early cutting of others. Sweetclover and

burclover and red clover were also infested at some locations. Early in
June, heavy feeding by adults and larvae greatly retarded second growth.
The pest was much more injurious than in the preceding season.

PEA APHID (Macrosiphum pisi) was heavy throughout the State during
April and May on all forage legumes, especially alfalfa and caused
severe stunting and yellowing of this crop prompting early cutting of first
growth at many places. Second growth was also heavily infested in early
June at most locations ‘This pest has become increasingly important.
MEADOW SPITTLEBUG (Philaenus leucophthalmus) hatching was well
underway the first week of April; very prevalent on red clover throughout
the State during May, less so on alfalfa. In general, no more destructive
than in the preceding year. CLOVER LEAF WEEVIL (Hypera punctata)
was responsible for much leaf injury to red clover. LESSER CLOVER
LEAF WEEVIL (H. nigrirostris) was the most severe pest on red clover
in the State, causing destruction to growing points and leaves and much
reduction of bloom. GREEN CLOVERWORM (Plathypena scabra) caused
moderate damage to second- and third-growth alfalfa generally.
ALFALFA PLANT BUG (Adelphocoris lineolatus) adults were observed
at lights June 7 and were present throughout the State but most common
north of Dover. POTATO LEAFHOPPER (Empoasca fabae) in usual
numbers occurred on alfalfa and clovers generally; no perceptible damage
was noted anywhere. TARNISHED PLANT BUG (Lyqus lineolaris) was
unusually abundant on forage legumes.

Soybean Insects

STRAWBERRY SPIDER MITE (Tetranychus atlanticus) was very

destructive in Sussex and Kent Counties, during late July and August.

GREEN CLOVERWORM (Plathypena scabra) was one of the most important
leaf feeders generally throughout season. GRASSHOPPERS (Melanoplus spp. )
were active in Kent and Sussex Counties. JAPANESE BEETLE (Popillia

2,35

japonica) caused light to heavy injury in some areas. BEAN LEAF
BEETLE (Cerotoma trifurcata) adults damaged emerging seedlings in
Sussex County and were abundant in Sussex County. Numerous SEED-
CORN MAGGOT adults emerged in fields on Primehook Neck, May 19-25.

Vegetable Insects
CABBAGE LOOPER (Trichoplusia niy was destructive as usual on

crucifers; also attacked tomatoes, potatoes and peppers at many places

in July and August. Light to very severe infestations of CABBAGE

APHID (Brevicoryne brassicae) occurred on various crucifers, complete-
ly ruining small plantings in afew cases. IMPORTED CABBAGEWORM
(Pieris rapae) damaged cabbage generally and destructive in cruciferous
seedbeds during July,A FLEA BEETLE (Phyllotreta cruciferae) was a
serious pest of all crucifers throughout season. Importance has increased
annually since 1950. PEA APHID was abundant on commercial peas in
May generally, requiring much control operations. Some untreated
acreages were almost total losses. Heavy injury by MEXICAN BEAN
BEETLE (Epilachna varivestis) was recorded on snap beans near

Clayton, in July but less destructive to limas than in 1904. BEAN APHID
(Aphis fabae) in several heavy infestations on commercial limas occurred
in northern Sussex County in late July. GREEN CLOVERWORM (Plathy-
pena scabra) was a pest of commercial peas at Slaughter Beach early in
June,was heavy on snap beans near Greenwood and was light to moderately
heavy on limas from Middletown southward in July. SPIDER MITES
(Tetranychus atlanticus and T. telarius) were injurious on limas at various
places, the former more abundant and destructive. Neither was as injurious
as in preceding season. TOBACCO AND TOMATO HORNWORMS
(Protoparce sexta and P. quinquemaculata)-former less abundant than in
1954--occurred on tomatoes and peppers generally, except late in the
season. TOMATO RUSSET MITE (Vasates lycopersici) occurred in two
spotty infestations in Kent County and four in Sussex County. The most
severe covered approximately fifty square feet. CORN EARWORM or
TOMATO FRUITWORM attacked snap and lima beans at numerous

places and was injurious to tomatoes generally, COLORADO POTATO
BEETLE (Leptinotarsa decemlineata) in normal numbers occurred on
potatoes generally. It was severe on eggplant at Ellendale and
Georgetown and very troublesome on tomatoes throughout the State,
requiring considerable control effort during entire season.

TARNISHED PLANT BUG (Lyqus lineolaris) was very prevalent on
potatoes generally; also troublesome on tomatoes and lima beans.
CUTWORMS (Agrotis ypsilon, A. gladiaria and Feltia subgothica)

caused much damage in newly-planted tomatoes throughout the State early
in the season, particularly the former species. SPOTTED CUCUMBER
BEETLE (Diabrotica undecimpunctata howardi) adults caused some
injury to squash early in the season and was very prevalent as usual on
lima beans. HORNED SQUASH BUG (Anasa armigera) encountered at
numerous localities damaging squash, pumpkin-squash and cucumbers.
SQUASH BUG (A. tristis) heavily infested pumpkin at some places in

Kent County. ASPARAGUS BEETLE (Crioceris asparagi) was responsible

Hiei

for normal amount of injury from Smyrna southward. ONION THRIPS
(Thrips tabaci) was destructive to small onion plantings. STALK BORER
destroyed considerable numbers of pepper plants at Dover and elsewhere.
EUROPEAN CORN BORER was common in stalks of potatoes at many
places and caused some droppage of pepper fruits.

Fruit Insects

PLUM CURCULIO (Conotrachelus nenuphar) adults were more abundant

on peaches in late April than last year. Controls prevented unusual
amount of damage. CODLING MOTH (Carpocapsa pomonella) spring
brood emergence began April 20, reached peak in late May, and continued
for more than two months, necessitating well-spaced insecticide operations.
It was somewhat more troublesome throughout the season than in 1954.
APPLE APHID (Aphis pomi) was abundant enough at places by late April to
warrant control. KUROPEAN RED MITE (Metatetranychus ulmi) populations
were held in check by adequate control until late fall. Heavy egg counts
were recorded at Georgetown early in December. RED-BANDED LEAF
ROLLER (Argyrotaenia velutinana) in general was much more prevalent
than in 1954. ORIENTAL FRUIT MOTH (Grapholitha molesta) was not
unusually destructive. STRAWBERRY ROOT APHID (Aphis forbesi) was
injurious to plants in light soils at Vandyke and at Georgetown.
STRAWBERRY APHID (Pentatrichopus fragaefolii) heavily infested
plantings in Georgetown-Bridgeville area May o-1ll. MEADOW SPITTLE-
BUG (Philaenus leucophthalmus) was moderately abundant everywhere on
strawberry early in season. SPRING CANKERWORM [Paleacrita

vernata) caused noticeable injury to apple foliage from Newark to Felton
in May. UNSPOTTED TENTIFORM LEAF MINER (Callisto geminatella)
damage to apple foliage common in early August at Newark, Dover and
Georgetown. YELLOW-NECKED CATERPILLAR (Datana ministra)
caused partial defoliation to apple near Dover. FALL WEBWORM
(Hyphantria cunea) fed on apple foliage at Newark and Dover in August.

Forest and Shade Tree Insects

MIMOSA WEBWORM (Homadaula albizziae) was less destructive,
generally, than in 1954. BAGWORM (Thyridopteryx ephemeraeformis)
defoliated many sycamore, juniper, arborvitae and spruce trees, as
usual, throughout the State, June-August. EASTERN TENT
CATERPILLAR (Malacosoma americanum) was very abundant on wild
cherry everywhere, April-May; also present on sweet gum. Many

adults attracted to lights in June. JAPANESE BEETLE (Popillia japonica)
caused usual severe damage to elm at many places; pest occurred in
normal numbers. ELM LEAF BEETLE (Galerucella xanthomelaena) was
severe at all locations. ASIATIC OAK WEEVIL (Cyrtepistomus castaneus)
adults fed on oaks near Harrington in June. A PLANT BUG (Plagiognathus
albatus) caused severe damage to sycamore foliage throughout the State,
in June. WEBWORMS (Salebria afflictella and Tetralopha melanogrammos)
were present on sweet gum as in 1954, but somewhat less destructive.

AN OAK MITE (Oligonychus bicolor) was responsible for severe leaf
discoloration on pin and willow oaks in some parts of New Castle County.
CATALPA SPHINX (Ceratomia catalpae) caused heavy defoliation
generally. YELLOW-NECKED CATERPILLAR (Datana ministra) fed on

E ATIOLs

red and pin oaks at many places. FALL WEBWORM (Hyphantria cunea)
attacked black walnut near Townsend; rather common on trees in
Ellendale State Forest, and on persimmon at Cheswold. HOLLY LEAF
MINERS (Phytomyza spp.) caused widespread injury, especially in the
Dover area. A LOOPER (Lambdina athasaria pellucidaria) adults were
abundant in Sussex County pine forests, in late April - early May.
WOOLLY ELM APHID (Eriosoma americanum) were prevalent on
American elm in Smyrna-Leipsic-Dover area. A SEED MINER
(Nepticula sericopeza) was heavy in seeds of Norway maple in northern
New Castle County, causing much droppage during June.

Hard maple foliage, at tips of branches, was attacked by Neoprociphilus
aceris, at Newark; Prociphilus fraxinifolii injured white ash in the
Wilmington area

Ornamentals

AZALEA LACE BUG (Stephanitis pyrioides) was very prevalent in the

Newark and Wilmington area, May-June. ROSE LEAF BEETLE (Nodonota
uncticollis) adults were injurious to rose and birch at Newark. BOXWOOD

PSYLLID (Psylla buxi) caused much deformity of terminal leaves of

American boxwood in New Castle and Kent Counties. JAPANESE BEETLE

(Popillia japonica) wag destructive to commercial zinnias near Little

Creek, and to various ornamentals throughout southern half of the State.

Pests of Man and Animals

Emphasis on control reduced HOUSE FLY (Musca domestica) to
somewhat below the population level of the 1954 season. AMERICAN DOG
TICK (Dermacentor variabilis) adults were common along roadsides and
in wooded areas in late April - early May. SALT-MARSH MOSQUITO
(Aedes sollicitans) was more abundant and annoying during entire season
than for the past ten or fifteen years. LONE STAR TICK (Amblyomma
americanum) - One specimen was obtained north of Wilmington, in May.
STRAWBERRY ROOT WEEVIL and related species (Brachyrhinus ovatus
and B. rugosostriatus) - Many adults entered houses in Newark-Wilming-
ton area, July-August. ASIATIC OAK WEEVIL numerous adults were
attracted to lights and entered buildings in New Castle County during
August. BOXELDER BUG (Leptocoris trivittatus) invaded many homes

in late summer. BLACK WIDOW SPIDER (Latrodectus mactans)-many
Specimens taken in and about buildings near Newark; generally abundant
in northern Delaware, as was also the CLOVER MITE (Bryobia praetiosa).

* OR KK KK KKK KK KOK

Be aes
SOME MAJOR INSECT PESTS IN COLORADO IN 1955
Reported by
Colorado Insect Detection Committee

POTATO PSYLLID (Paratrioza cockerelli) populations continued high
throughout the season in eastern Colorado. Application of insecticides
to potatoes and tomatoes was highly successful in maintaining control.
CODLING MOTH (Carpocapsa pomonella) population began emerging
May 5 in western Colorado; slow and scattered. In 1954 first moth
April 22. Much emergence continued over a period of 50 days, 1954
season 35 days. All orchards have damage, running from 15 to 50
percent, A SUGAR-BEET ROOT MAGGOT (‘Tetanops myopaeformis),
reported for the first time in Colorado last season southeast of

Windsor, developed into a major problem locally in Weld and Larimer
Counties. Detailed biological studies on development, overwintering
and spring emergence have been carried out. Soil conditions at the time
of planting very important. Adequate moisture and soil temperatures for
rapid germination are important in keeping this maggot as well as the
SEED-CORN MAGGOT (Hylemya SiiCeuERS under control. In 1954 the
seed-corn maggot was found along with the sugar-beet root maggot,
forming a complex that was responsible for reduction in stands.

APHIDS were particularly abundant on several crops: (1) PEA APHID
(Macrosiphum pisi) populations reached damaging numbers requiring
control in eastern Colorado, and particularly the Arkansas Valley.

(2) SPOTTED ALFALFA APHID, taken in 1954 in Otero County on
alfalfa, has been recorded from Pueblo, Otero, Crowley, Bent, Prowers,
Washington and Yuma Counties. It now has been recorded from Weld and
Larimer Counties on the eastern slope and from Mesa County in western
Colorado. It occurred in a complex with the pea aphid. (3) CORN LEAF
APHID (Rhopalosiphum maidis) occurred through the agricultural areas
of the State, causing moderate to severe damage to barley, oats, wheat,
sorghums, and corn. The areas included eastern and western slopes

and the San Luis Valley. Insecticide treatments were recommended.

The CORN EARWORM or TOMATO FRUITWORM (Heliothis zea), a
major pest to both corn and tomatoes in Colorado, particularly in the
Arkansas Valley, has been followed closely through the use of light traps
and weekly egg counts on both corn and tomatoes. Infestations in corn
reached 100 percent by the first week in September. Larvae were leaving
the corn and pupating August 24. Egg counts on tomatoes showed a
noticeable increase September 14. Late insecticide treatments advised
September 22 on tomatoes showed definite benefit. The rangeland
GRASSHOPPER complex and the damage associated with it showed a very
positive spurt in July in areas in northeastern Colorado neglected in the
1954 control program. A serious situation developed in July in south-
eastern Colorado from a migratory population-of migratory grasshopper
(Melanoplus mexicanus) that moved in from neighboring states. This
infestation was of serious concern to agricultural crops already affected

Reon

by severe drought. An infestation of the rangeland complex in
southeastern Las Animas County and Baca County was very serious.
MEXICAN BEAN BEETLE (Epilachna varivestis) was serious in
northeastern Colorado in Larimer, Weld and Adams Counties, and in
western Colorado in in Montrose, Delta and Mesa Counties. TWO-
SPOTTED SPIDER MITE (Tetranychus télarius) occurred in damaging
populations on corn in widespread areas through eastern Colorado and in
Montrose, Delta and Mesa County areas in western Colorado. SIX-
SPOTTED LEAFHOPPER (Macrosteles fascifrons) was taken in very high
numbers during the summer in light trap samples. High incidence of
aster yellows were reported in carrots (Weld County) and in celery
(Larimer County). Moderate infections occurred in onions and potatoes.
BEET LEAFHOPPER (Circulifer tenellus) in western Colorado was
responsible for curly top in tomatoes, 5 to 10 percent, and in sugar
beets, as high as 60 percent.

ta tiv ve. ,

AGRICULTURAL RESEARCH SERVICE

PLANT PEST CONTROL BRANCH

ECONOMIC INSECT SURVEY SECTION

The Cooperative Economic Insect Report is
Issued weekly as a service to American Agri-
culture. Its contentsare compiled from informa-
tion supplied by cooperating State, Federal, and
industrial entomologists and other agricultural
workers. In releasing this material the Branch
serves as a clearing house and does not assume

responsibility for accuracy of the material.

Reports and inquiries pertaining to this release
should be mailed to:

Economic Insect Survey Section
Plant Pest Control Branch
Agricultural Research Service
United States Department of Agriculture
Washington 25, D. C.

Volume 6 January 13, 1956 No. 2

COOE RAVER eee ONO MIC TNs, Ci Ric '© ia

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Recent personnel changes within Agricultural Research Service, U. S.
Department of Agriculture, will be of interest to all of you. Dr. Avery
S. Hoyt, director of the Crops Regulatory Programs, the office
responsible for directing activities of the Plant Pest Control Branch

and the Plant Quarantine Branch, retired December 31, 1955. Dr. W. L.
Popham, chief of Plant Pest Control Branch was appointed, effective
January 1, 1956, to succeed Dr. Hoyt. Mr. Emory D. Burgess, who

has been assistant chief of Plant Pest Control Branch, succeeds

Dr. Popham as Branch Chief.

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Gin. WHEAT MITE active on wheat in Stillwater area of Oklahoma.
Dewlo)e

SPOTTED ALFALFA APHID heavy in some counties of Utah, Oklahoma
and Texas. Activity continues in areas of California, Nevada and
Arkansas. (p. 15).

APHIDS appearing in lettuce in lower Rio Grande Valley of Texas.(p. 18).

A BOSTRICHID (Sinoxylon ceratoniae) collected in Los Angeles County,
California. First United States record. (p. 20).

Distribution of SWEET CLOVER WEEVIL in the United States. (p. 17).

aay stant OF INSECT CONDITIONS - 1955 - in Texas (p. 22), Nebraska
p. :

Highlights of INSECT OCCURRENCES in Canada - 1955. (p. 31).

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Reports in this issue are for the week ending January 6, 1956, unless
otherwise designated.

2 ee
WEATHER FOR THE WEEK ENDING JANUARY 6, 1956

Varied precipitation conditions over the country were predominant fea-
tures of the week's weather. Beginning Sunday, the strong counter-
clockwise winds north of a large stationary low pressure system, cen-
tered between the United States Coast and Bermuda, drove warm, moist
air over existing cold air in the northeastern states and caused large
areas of freezing rain and sleet which resulted in hazardous driving
conditions. This situation, followed by rain as warming continued, began
in the New England States and by Monday extended as far south as
Virginia. Snow fell in eastern Ohio, West Virginia, and western portions
of New York, Pennsylvania and New England. Outstanding, too, was the
vast area where little or no precipitation was received in the extreme
Northfrom central Montana to eastern Minnesota gradually widening in
the central portion of the country to include eastern Nevada through most
of Virginia, and in the extreme South from the west coast of California to
western Louisiana. The lack of moisture over most of this area is becom-
ing serious. Fortunately, winds over the midwestern plains were not
sufficiently high to cause any serious erosion damage.

Moderate to heavy precipitation continued in Washington, western Oregon,
and northern and central coastal areas of California until late in the
period, thereafter occurrences were only light to moderate. From time
to time, moderate falls extended eastward into parts of Idaho and adjacent
areas. Cape Hatteras received heavy precipitation on Thursday, while
moderate amounts occurred southward along the coast into central Florida.
Moderate to light falls elsewhere during the period were in the north-
eastern United States, the Great Lakes region and along the gulf coast.
Temperatures again averaged above normal over the greater portion of
the United States. The largest of these average departures, a +15°, oc-
curred in three states - Wyoming, Idaho, and Nevada - as southwesterly
and chinook winds continued in these areas. Maximum temperatures of
record Se proportion were recorded at Salt Lake City airport on
January 4, 5, 7, and 8. Day to day temperatures varied in the north and
central plain areas with the interchange of air from cold Arctic high cen-
ters and Pacific low pressure frontal systems. Along the east coast from
Maine southward and as far west as western New York and Pennsylvania,
central Kentucky and Tennessee, and eastern Mississippi temperatures
averaged below normal, with the lowest average departure a -9° in Sou-
thern Florida. Freezing temperatures in Florida caused damage on two
dates, January 6 and 9. The snow cover decreased somewhat in most
areas with the continued warmirmg, but slight increases did occur in the
New England States, New York, and Pennsylvania. (Summary Supplied

by U. S. Weather Bureau).

Correction: CEIR 6(1):2. Should read "Weather for week endin
January 2, 1956". :

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CEREAL AND FORAGE INSEC'TS

BROWN WHEAT MITE (Petrobia latens) - OKLAHOMA - Reported from
Lincoln, Creek, Pawnee and Payne Counties. Believed to be an eastern
extension of the infestation. Averages of 70 per linear foot of row in
Lincoln County, 50 in Creek, 10 in Pawnee and 25 in Payne County.
(Coppock).

ENGLISH GRAIN APHID (Macrosiphum granarium) - OKLAHOMA - About
40 per linear foot of row in two wheat fields in Pawnee County. Restricted
largely to base of plants. (Coppock).

EUROPE AN CORN BORER (Pyrausta nubilalis) - NOTE: Status of the
European Corn Borer in 1955, CEIR 5(52):1133. If the figure in last line
on the page is not clear, it should read 1, 644.

LEAFHOPPERS - OKLAHOMA - Most small grain fields in central
counties had 3-10 per square yard. (Coppock).

SPOTTED ALFALFA APHID - CALIFORNIA - Light to medium
infestation in parts of Riverside County and some medium infestations

in Madera County. Infestation general in Kings County where 1281 acres
were treated. Infestations in Orange County were light and slightly
higher in Solano County than during November. Infestations light in
Santa Barbara County but widespread in areas of Santa Ynez, Lompoc,
Santa Maria and Cuyama Valley. ( Cal. Coop. Rept., December).

UTAH - Occurring in alfalfa fields in Washington County, often in very
large numbers. Causing concern to alfalfa growers. (Hughes, Knowlton).
OKLAHOMA - Causing economic damage in Tillman County, with highest
infestation on old alfalfa crop. (Stiles). A check of 12 fields in
Pottawatomie and Lincoln Counties showed continuing high populations
with moderate damage and two fields with severe damage. Damage
increased due to lack of moisture. (Coppock). NEVADA - Populations
reduced to non-economic numbers but still active in southern area,

week of Dec. 10. (Gallaway). TEXAS - Local heavy infestation in
Wharton County. (Burleson). Severe infestation on irrigated alfalfa in
Travis County. (Smarr). First record for both counties. (Gaines).
ARKANSAS - Activity continues in central counties. All stages including
young nymphs and winged forms. Majority near ground and ranging up to
40 per leaflet. Some evidence of parasitism but insufficient to check
infestation. (Warren, Jan. 2).

MEADOW SPITTLEBUG (Philaneus leucopthalmus) - NEW JERSEY - Fall
survey shows that number of egg masses is much lower than in 1953-54.
Average number of masses found in each field is less than one-fourth

the number found in 1953 and less than one-half the number found in 1954.
Spittlebug potential for 1956 is expected to be lower than in 1955. The
northwestern area is perennially most heavily infested and will require
control in 1956. The southwestern areas show less activity, but
scattered fields in this area show heavy infestations. (Insect-Disease
News Letter, 12/28/55).

B16 =

CLOVER ROOT CURCULIO (Sitona hispidula) - GINIA - Moderate
infestation in a southeastern county alfalfa field. (Amos).

AN OLETHREUTID MOTH (Bactra verutana chrysea) - CALIFORNIA -
Severely damaging canes and crowns of ornamental papyrus grass in
Los Angeles County in November. Numerous records with increased
popularity of the grass as ornamental. (Cal. Coop. Rept., Dec. 19).

Distribution of Sweetclover Weevil

The map on the opposite page shows the known distribution of sweetclover
weevil (Sitona cylindricollis) in the United States according to State
reports and Agricultural Research Service records. In obtaining the
data, an inquiry was sent to each State Clearing House, Replies have
been received from 46 States. The distribution is based on actual
records in so far as possible.

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FRUIT INSECTS

Citrus Insect Situation, California, December

Some medium infestations of BLACK SCALE in citrus in Riverside
County. Moderate infestations of COTTONY-CUSHION SCALE in Imperial
County. Light to medium infestations of CALIFORNIA RED SCALE in
Riverside County citrus and light to medium infestations in lemons in
Santa Barbara County. Local, heavy infestations of CITRUS BUD MITE
in lemon orchards in Orange County and light infestations in lemons in
Santa Barbara County. CITRUS RED MITE - Light to medium in lemon
orchards in Santa Barbara County. (Cal. Coop. Rept. ).

TRUCK CROP INSECTS

SWEETPOTATO WEEVIL (Cylas formicarius elegantulus) - ALABAMA -
Found on four properties in vicinity of Malvern, Geneva County, during
week of December 19. GEORGIA - Infesting three properties near
Montrose, Laurens County, during week of December 12. MISSISSIPPI -
Collected in an experimental planting of sweetpotatoes at State College,
Oktibbeha County, in early December. ‘These are new county records.
(Sweetpotato Weevil Control Program Rept., Jan. 5

LOOPERS (probably Autographa sp.) - CALIFORNIA - Heavy infestations
in lettuce fields in Palo Verde Valley. (Cal. Coop. Rept., December).

CABBAGE APHID (Brevicoryne brassicae) - CALIFORNIA - Medium
heavy infestations on cole crops in Santa Barbara County. (Cal. Coop.
Rept. , December).

ARTICHOKE PLUME MOTH (Platyptilia carduidactyla) - CALIFORNIA -
Crop reduction ranged up to 20 percent in Monterey County artichoke
fields. Infestations light in Santa Cruz County. (Cal. Coop. Rept.,
December ).

A LETTUCE APHID - TEXAS - Appearing in over 60 percent of
wee ice lettuce fields throughout the lower Rio Grande Valley. (Wene,
Deer).

CABBAGE LOOPER (Trichoplusia ni) - TEXAS - Light infestation on
lettuce and cabbage in Hidalgo County. (Wene, Deer).

TOMATO PINWORM (Keiferia lycopersicella) - TEXAS - An insect
tentatively identified as this species infesting 60 percent of ripe fruit
of one tomato field in Hidalgo County. (Wene, Deer).

FALSE CHINCH BUG (Nysius ericae) - TEXAS - Caused considerable
injury to a field of young beets in Hidalgo County. “(Wene, Deer).

THRIPS - NEVADA - Onion thrips populations reduced to non-economic
numbers on green onions in Clark County, week of Dec. 10. (Gallaway).

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COTTON INSECTS

PINK BOLLWORM (Pectinophora gossypiella) - ARIZONA - During a
survey in November at Stafford, Graham County, nine live larvae and
four previously-infested bolls were found in 1006 bolls examined in two
fields. At San Simon, Cochise County, two live larvae were taken in
500 bolls. (Ariz. Coop. Rept.). CALIFORNIA - No specimens found
in several thousand bushels of trash inspected. (Cal. Coop. Rept.,
December ).

BOLL WEEVIL (Anthonomus grandis) - MISSISSIPPI - Additional notes

on hibernation report in CEIR 6(1):3. Ground trash examinations in fall
of 1955 revealed the following average number of weevils per acre by
county: Bolivar, 2,033; Issaquena, 6,413; Leflore, 726; Oktibbeha,
2,420; Rankin, 3,388; Sharkey, 1,089; Washington, 10, 503. (Merk et al).

COTTON LEAF PERFORATOR (Bucculatrix thurberiella) - CALIFORNIA -
Considerable leaf damage in cotton fields in Imperial and Riverside
Counties in 1955. Populations still higher than expected in much of

cotton areas of this region. (Cal. Coop. Rept. , December).

THURBERIA WEEVIL (Anthonomus grandis thurberia) - ARIZONA -
Survey of bolls on plants along Santa Cruz River in Santa Cruz County
showed 370 live adults, larvae or pupae in 2500 bolls; 364 showed cells
where larvae had been; and 418 bolls were infested at the time or had
been infested--in all about 17 percent infestation. (Ariz. Coop. Rept. ).

A LEAF ROLLER (Platynota stultana) - ARIZONA - Still active in green
cotton at Eloy, Pinal County, indicating possible heavy overwintering in
this and other crops unless cold weather appears. (Ariz. Coop. Rept. ).

FOREST, ORNAMENTAL AND SHADE TREE INSECTS

TURPENTINE BEETLES (Dendroctonus spp.) - TEXAS - Causing death
of pines in Sam Houston National Forest on areas of recent logging
operations and hardwood flats. Other reports of activity in Polk,
Nacogdoches, Cherokee and Jasper Counties. (Texas For. Pest
Committee).

IPS BEETLES - ARKANSAS - Increased activity reported in Huttig area.
(Ark. State For. Comm. Rept., Jan. 1).

PALES WEEVIL (Hylobius pales) - ARKANSAS - Still some activity in
November in the Bismarck area (Clark and Hot Spring County area).
(Ark. State For. Comm., Jan. 1)

SOFT SCALE (Coccus hesperidum) - CALIFORNIA - Moderate infestation
on camellias in Humboldt County. (Cal. Coop. Rept., December).

=20-

ROOT WEEVILS (Brachyrhinus spp.) - CALIFORNIA - Moderate
infestations in begonia fields in Santa Cruz County. (Cal. Coop. Rept.,
December).

INSECTS AFFECTING MAN AND ANIMALS

BLACK WIDOW SPIDER (Latrodectus mactans) - NEVADA - Numerous
requests for control of this pest and the clover mite in homes in western
area. (Gallaway).

COCKROACHES - VIRGINIA - Blatella germanica very heavy in
apartment building in Blacksburg. (Morris). NEVADA - Single specimen
of Panchlora cubensis taken at Sparks, Dec. 17. (Lauderdale).
CALIFORNIA - Supella supellectillium found for first time in Modoc
County. (Cal. Coop. Rept. , December).

CATTLE LICE - VIRGINIA - Medium to heavy on beef cattle on a farm
in Montgomery County. (Copenhaver). Solenoptes capillatus populations
building up on unsprayed dairy animals at one locality in Montgomery
County and warranting control measures. (Raffensperger, Turner).

CATTLE GRUBS ( Hypoderma spp. ) - UTAH - Now abundant in backs of
cattle. Some beef herds have been treated for control. (Hughes,
Knowlton). KANSAS - Of 59 steers examined near Manhattan, no grubs
were found in 27; 24 had 1-10; six had 11-20; and two had 21-30. Average
infestation was three grubs per animal. (Matthew). VIRGINIA -

H. lineatum beginning to appear in backs of dairy cattle on a farm in
Montgomery County, with up to 12 per animal. (Turner, Raffensperger).

BROWN DOG TICK (Rhipicephalus sanquineus) - DELAWARE - Annoying
in a home in Newark in late December and early January. (Stearns).

BENEFICIAL INSECTS

LADY BEETLES - OKLAHOMA - Hippodamia convergens active in some
alfalfa fields infested with spotted alfalfa aphid in Pottawatomie and
Lincoln Counties. (Coppock). CALIFORNIA - Abundant in alfalfa

fields in Palo Verde Valley of Riverside County in complex with syrphid
flies and lacewings. (Cal. Coop. Rept. , December).

MISCELLANEOUS INSECTS

A BOSTRICHID (Sinoxylon ceratoniae) - CALIFORNIA - Medium infesta-
tion found in wood at Culver City, Los Angeles County, June 25, 1955.
(Det. E. J. Gerberg). First collection in U.S. Previously-known range:
Egypt and French Sudan on poinciana and acacia trees. (Cal. Coop. Rept.,
DEC iG 1955):

ole

CLOVER MITE (Bryobia preetiosy - DELAWARE - Annoying in home at
Newark, December oT Stearns).

Light Trap Collections
aes (College Station, Dec, 16, 1955-Jan. 4, 1956): Pseudaletia

unipunc 554; Laphyqma frugiperda, 1; Feltia subterranea, 96; Agrotis
ailon 6. (Weslaco, Dec. 1-31): PB. unipuncta, 9350; L. frugiperda,

9; A. ypsilon, 102; Heliothis zea, 19; F. subterranea, 90; Heliothis

virescens, 1. (Winter Garden, Dec. 1-31): P. unipuncta, 233; L. frugiper-

da, 7; F. subterranea, 18; A. ypsilon, 2. (Beaumont, December 1-22):

; L. frugiperda, 11; A. ypsilon, 18. ALABAMA -
{Auburn, Dec. 31, 1955-Jan. 5, 1956): PB. unipuncta, 2.

STORED PRODUCTS INSECTS

STORED GRAIN INSECTS - ARKANSAS - Twelve bins of 98 rice and oat
bins examined in the Stuttgart-Dewitt area in December were infested

with one or more species of insects. Infestations were as follows:
saw-toothed grain beetle, 6 bins; Indian-meal moth, 4; lesser grain borer,
5; flat grain beetle, 3; rice weevil, 1; fungus beetles and dermestids, 1
each. (Rouse). VIRGINIA - Tribolium confusum in complex with
Trogoderma versicolor and TI. sternale, are present in storage room

and entering processing room of a dried milk plant. (Rowell, Morris).

POTATO TUBERWORM (Gnorimoschema operculella) - VIRGINIA -
Damaging potatoes stored in Stafford County. (Tulloss).

RECENT INTERCEPTIONS AT PORTS OF ENTRY

Of recent interest was the interceptions of a living larva of a pyraustid,
Evergestis forficalis (L) in cabbage from England in ships’ stores at
Galveston, Texas (Vitrano). This insect has been reported injurious to
crucifers and other vegetables in parts of Europe and Asia. ‘The larvae
are leaf rollers which feed on the underside of the leaves and which
cause considerable damage at times to cabbage. Carrots, celery and
beets are also occasionally injured. In Japan, severe injury to radishes
and turnips has been reported. Observations of the life history of the
insect in Russia indicate it overwinters as a mature larva in a pupal cell
in the soil. Pupation occurs in the spring. The pupal stage lasts about
2 weeks. The adults appear in early summer, deposit eggs usually in
groups on the leaves or stems. On hatching, the larvae roll the leaves
and feed in the leaf tissue on the underside of the leaves. There is one
generation a year in northern areas and a partial or complete second
generation in the southern parts of the range of the insect. E. forficalis
has been intercepted occasionally in recent years on kale, cauliflower,
and beet leaves in ships' stores from various countries of Europe,
including Belgium, Denmark, France, England, Holland, Ireland, Italy
and Norway. It is not known to occur in the United States. (Compiled -
Plant Quarantine Branch).

Pe,
SUMMARY OF INSECT CONDITIONS - 1955
TEXAS
Reported by G. T. Davis

This report is for the period November 1, 1954 to November 1, 1955.

Cereal and Forage Insects
Infestations of WINTER GRAIN MITE (Penthaleus major) began to appear

in November, 1954. Medium to heavy, rather general, populations
developed in many fields of small grain within the area bordered by
Childress, Paducah, Aspermont, Haskell, Graham, Stephenville, Temple,
Marlin, Corsicana, Terrell, Greenville, Decatur, Wichita Falls and
back to Childress. Infestations were heavier and more general than last
year. Some localities in other parts of the State also were infested.
Light infestations of BROWN WHEAT MITE (Petrobia latens) occurred
in small grain fields of Denton, Cooke, Collin, Dallas and Tarrant
Counties. Medium to heavy populations were found in many drought-
affected fields of Swisher, Castro, Potter, Hutchinson, Hansford,
Sherman, Ochiltree, Lipscomb, Hemphill, Childress, Hardeman and
Foard Counties. GREENBUG (Toxoptera graminum) was found in small
numbers in many fields over the small grain growing areas; however,
heavy populations occurred only in Swisher, Randall, Donley, Briscoe,
Deaf Smith, Castro and Parmer Counties. The greenbug was more
numerous and widely distributed in the fall of 1955 than for several
years.

CORN EARWORM (Heliothis zea) and FALL ARMYWORM (Laphygma
frugiperda) caused heavy damage to corn, grain sorghums, peanuts

and other forage crops throughout the growing season. The LESSER
CORNSTALK BORER (Elasmopalpus lignosellus) caused widespread,
heavy damage to peanuts in Mason, Llano,- Erath, Comanche, Caldwell
and San Saba Counties. Cowpeas were heavily damaged in Parker,
Hardeman and Wilbarger Counties. This pest occurred over larger
areas but populations and damage to individual fields in general were
somewhat lower than last year. GRASSHOPPERS (many species)
occurred over much of Texas from the last half of April through August.
They were more widely distributed and caused more damage than for
several years. Some 800, 000 acres of rangeland in the panhandle were
treated for grasshoppers with good results. SPOTTED ALFALFA APHID
was first reported officially in Texas January 7, 1955, from the panhandle
area on alfalfa. Shortly after this date, infestations were found in most
alfalfa-growing areas and considerable damage was caused by this pest
during the year. Damage occurred due to spotted, local infestations of
cutworms, armyworms, cabbage looper, alfalfa looper, webworms,
alfalfa caterpillar, false wireworms, sod webworms, white grubs, range
termites, red-necked peanutworm, vetch bruchid, clover leaf weevil,
blister beetles, rice water weevil, pea aphid, aphids, corn leaf aphid,
chinch bugs, stink bugs, lygus bugs, three-cornered alfalfa hopper,

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thrips, leafminers and seed corn maggot. A separate report has been
made on SOUTHWESTERN CORN BORER (Diatraea grandiosella) and
the SUGARCANE BORER (D. saccharalis). (See CEIR, 5(48):1063).

Fruit and Nut Insects

SAN JOSE SCALE (Aspidiotus perniciosus) infestations on peaches and
plums decreased considerably from last year because of widespread
dormant spray applications and parasites and predators which increased
during the growing season since regular spray schedules were not used.
The late freeze destroyed this year's fruit crop; therefore, damage from
PLUM CURCULIO (Conotrachelus nenuphar) and CATFACING INSECTS
was negligible. The PEACH TREE BORER (Sanninoidea exitiosa) and
LESSER PEACH TREE BORER (Synanthedon pictipes) increased slightly
and in general, heavily infested poorly-cared-for orchards in eastern
areas. Light infestations of the PEACH TWIG BORER (Anarsia lineatella)
continued in peach orchards in the Stephenville and Fredericksburg areas.
Pecan yields were reduced greatly by the late freeze, but a smaller
percentage of the crop was lost to PECAN NUT CASEBEARER (Acrobasis
caryae) because of increased control measures. HICKORY SHUCKWORM
(Laspeyresia caryana) infestations on pecans were heavier and more
widespread than for several years Light to medium, spotted local
infestations of pecan phylloxera, pecan bud moth, black pecan aphid,

twig girdlers, obscure scale and spider mites were reported. Citrus
orchards in the Rio Grande Valley had mostly light to medium, scattered
local infestations of the following insects; fire ants, citrus red mites,
chaff scale, citrus rust mites, California red scale, orange-dog,
Platynota rostrana and Amorbia sp. Citrus in the Winter Garden area
had light to medium, scattered infestations of the following insects:
leaf-footed bugs, stink bugs, roundheaded borers, and orange-dogs.

Truck Crop Insects
CORN EARWORMS caused heavy damage throughout the year to corn,

tomatoes, lettuce and other vegetable crops. The CABBAGE LOOPER
(Trichoplusia ni) caused considerable damage to lettuce, cabbage,
caulilower and turnips in vegetable-growing areas. Infestations of the
SERPENTINE LEAF MINER (Liriomyza sp. ) occurred in seedbeds of

of tomatoes, peppers and lettuce. Medium to heavy infestations
appeared in fields of tomatoes, peppers, lettuce and cantaloupes,
especially in the Rio Grande Valley. Curly top, transmitted by the
BEET LEAF HOPPER (Circulifer tenellus), caused unusually heavy losses
to the spinach crop in the Winter Garden area. Heavy losses of tomatoes
and beets occurred in the Winter Garden, plains and panhandle areas.
Heavy infestations of ONION THRIPS (Thrips tabaci) caused much
damage in most untreated fields in the onion-growing areas. Several
species of CUTWORMS caused damage to practically all vegetable and
garden crops.

ye

Cotton Insects

Insect damage to cotton in most areas was generally heavier than for
several years. Improved moisture conditions favored a build-up of
insects. Insect activity remained low in the coastal bend, southwest

and lower valley areas because of the continued drought conditions
during the growing season. CUTWORMS, FALSE WIREWORMS and
GARDEN WEBWORM damaged stands and caused replanting in occasional
fields in most areas. COTTON APHID (Aphis gossypii) infestations
early in the season were medium to heavy in scattered fields in the lower
valley, coastal bend, southwest, upper coastal, south central, east,
central and north and south plains areas Late-season infestations were
reported in a few fields of the lower valley, south central, central, west,
northwest and north and south plains areas. Damaging THRIPS
(Frankliniella spp.) infestations occurred in occasional cotton fields in
all areas, especially in the eastern one-third of the State. One of the
heaviest and most prolonged thrips migrations from wild host plants to
cotton in many years caused heavy damage to untreated cotton fields.
This damage occurred in the south central, east, central, north central,
northeast, west cross timbers and northwest areas.

COTTON FLEAHOPPER (Psallus seriatus) emergence from hibernation
cages at College Station and Waco was the highest since 1949.
Infestations were generally heavy in the northwest and west cross
timbers areas with mostly light to occasional heavy populations in other
areas. A MIRID (Creontiades debilis) caused some damage to a few
fields in the lower valley and the upper coastal areas. LYGUS BUGS

in injurious populations were reported from scattered fields in most
areas. GRASSHOPPERS (Melanoplus differentialis and other spp. )
damaged cotton more extensively throughout the eastern third of the
State and in the northwest and north and south plains areas than during
the past several years. Light to heavy, rather general, infestations of a
LEAF MINER (Liriomyza sp.) occurred on young cotton, principally

on the cotyledonous leaves, in the upper coastal, south central, east,
central and north central areas. Some late-season infestations
developed in north central Texas. The CABBAGE LOOPER (Trichoplusia
ni) caused some damage to cotton in the lower valley, southwest, south
central, central, east and northwest areas and heavy damage in the west
central, west and north and south plains areas. BROWN COTTON
LEAFWORM (Acontia dacia) infestations ranged from light to heavy on
seedling cotton in many counties of the upper coastal, south central,
east and central areas. Light to medium infestations continued in some
fields throughout the season but caused little damage where regular
control applications were used. Late in the season the brown cotton
leafworm and the cabbage looper did a good job of defoliating cotton in
the Brazos River bottoms of Brazos and Burleson Counties. Rather
heavy populations appeared in other areas. BOLL WEEVIL (Anthonomus
grandis) emergence from hibernation cages at Waco was higher than in
any year except 1941. Showery weather conditions were ideal for boll
weevil reproduction. One of the heaviest weevil infestations experienced
developed in the upper coastal, south central, central, north central,

BORE

northeast and east areas. Medium to heavy weevil infestations also
developed in the lower valley, west cross timbers and parts of the
southwest, west central and northwest areas. BOLLWORM (Heliothis
zea) infestations of economic importance occurred in occasional fields

in all areas. Heavy and prolonged infestations occurred in the south
central, east and central areas. One or two heavy broods of bollworms
deposited eggs on cotton in northeast and north central areas. ‘The first
COTTON LEAFWORM (Alabama argillacea) was found in San Patricio
County on June 9. Heavy infestations developed in occasional fields in
several areas and required treatment. General heavy infestations
developed in the very late season on cotton which reacted from early fall
rains in the central areas. Light to medium early season infestations of
SPIDER MITES occurred in scattered fields over most areas and required
treatment in some cases. Late-season infestations were scarce and of
little economic importance except in the lower valley where many fields
received treatment or heavy damage resulted. PINK BOLLWORM
(Pectinophora gossypiella) infestations were considerably higher than
last year, especially in the counties along the Brazos River. Initial
infestations this year were somewhat higher and more general than last
year in most areas. Most of the damage occurred on late fruiting cotton.
The COTTON STAINER (Dysdercus suturellus) occurred in light to heavy
infestations in a few scattered fields of the lower valley and upper coastal
areas. SALT-MARSH CATERPILLAR (Estigmene acrea) caused some
damage to isolated cotton in the southwest, upper coastal and east areas.
A LEAF ROLLER (Platynota nigrocervina) occurred in light, general
infestations on cotton in Brazos and Burleson Counties. This pest has not
been reported on cotton since 1919.

Stored Products Insects

Stored grain pests continued to increase in importance because of the
large amounts of grain in storage and the unusually heavy infestations
which generally occurred in most farm-stored grain this year. The.
stored grain insects in the order of importance are rice weevil, a rice
moth (Corcyra cephalonica), lesser grain borer, Indian-meal moth and
bran beetles (including flat grain beetle, confused flour beetle, saw-
toothed grain beetle and a fungus beetle (Typhaea sterocorea)). VETCH

BRUCHID (Bruchus brachialis) continued to increase in north and
northeast Texas.

Forest, Ornamental and Shade Tree Insects

TURPENTINE BEETLES (Dendroctonus spp. ), IPS BEETLES and
ENGRAVER BEETLES in general were not as heavy as they were the
previous years; however, some damage occurred in scattered localities
of Angelina, Houston, Jasper, Newton, Trinity, San Augustine, Anderson,
Montgomery, Nacogdoches, Cherokee and Tyler Counties. TEXAS
LEAF-CUTTING ANT (Atta texana) caused considerable damage in some
parts of Nacogdoches, Cherokee and Newton Counties by defoliating
seedling and young pine trees. Medium to heavy populations of RED-
HEADED PINE SAWFLY (Neodiprion lecontei) occurred in Newton,

San Augustine and Rusk Counties. Other insects infesting pine trees in
light to medium scattered populations were colaspis beetle, pales weevil,

R=

deodar weevil and pine webworm. A complex of ORANGE-STRIPED
OAKWORM (Anisota senatoria), VARIABLE OAK LEAF CATERPILLAR
(Heterocampa manteo) and A YELLOW-NECKED OAKWORM defoliated
several thousand acres of oak trees in Liberty, Montgomery and Harris
Counties during October of 1955. A BARK BEETLE (Leperisinus sp. )
was found heavily infesting ash trees in Swisher County. ‘This is
probably an undescribed species according to W. H. Anderson.

Insects Affecting Man and Animals

CATTLE GRUBS (Hypoderma spp.) were more numerous than usual in
most areas. Reports from the larger packing plants over the State
indicate that populations of this pest were about 15 percent heavier than
normal. SCREW-WORM (Callitroga hominivorax) infestations occurred
more frequently and were more general than last year. Normal
infestations of horn flies, cattle lice, fleeceworms, ear ticks, mange
mites, tabanids and ticks occurred on livestock. BROWN DOG TICKS
(Rhipicephalus sanquineus) were unusually heavy on dogs in many areas
throughout the year. HOUSE FLY (Musca domestica) continued to be a
problem around livestock barns and pens. Roaches, silverfish,
termites, clothes moths and fleas were the major pests in and around
homes. Blood-sucking CONENOSE BUGS (Triatoma spp. ) were reported
from many areas attacking humans, dogs and chickens. Two cases of
Chagas disease, which is carried by these insects, were reported in
Texas during the past year.

SUMMARY OF INSECT CONDITIONS - 1955
NEBRASKA
Reported by le Wa vAndersen, Rj Hal Re Roselle

Field Crop Insects
CORN EARWORM (Heliothis zea) infestations were light to moderate

throughout southeast and south-central counties. Climatic conditions
were unfavorable during the summer for development of this pest. This
pest ranked ninth as a most important insect in Nebraska. CORN SAP
BEETLES (Carpophilus dimidiatus) were present for only a short time
in some of the injured ears. ARMY CUTWORM (Chorizagrotis
auxiliaris) was first observed in Red Willow and Lincoln Counties
during second week in March. Only a few important outbreaks were
recorded from western Nebraska, but severe damage occurred in many
alfalfa fields in eastern third of the State. Infestations varied from 1 to
16 per square foot. This pest was ranked third as a most important pest
in Nebraska for 1955. General heavy infestations of PALE WESTERN
CUTWORM (Agrotis orthogonia) occurred in Kimball, Banner, Garden
and Cheyenne Counties. Damage became noticeable during first week in
May and continued to the latter part of June. This species ranked sixth
as a most important pest in Nebraska. Only local, non-economic
infestations of VARIEGATED CUTWORM (Peridroma margaritosa) were
reported.

—Ai=

A CUTWORM (Euxoa detersa) damaged corn on sandy soil in Pierce
County. Population greater than in past 4 or 5 years. Replanting was
necessary in some cases. BROWN WHEAT MITE (Petrobia latens). -
A light, noneconomic infestation appeared first on volunteer wheat in the
southeastern area during April. Isolated heavy infestations occurred in
western Nebraska during June. No serious damage was reported. PEA
APHID (Macrosiphum pisi) appeared in alfalfa during April and reached a
peak during last of June. SWEETCLOVER WEEVIL (Sitona c lindricollis)
feeding was prevalent in second-year sweetclover during late April in
eastern Nebraska. Counts ranged from 3 to 20 per 25 sweeps.

The following insects occurred in light populations or caused some con-
cern on corn in some areas: SEED-CORN MAGGOT (Hylemya cilicrura)
in south central areas, SEED-CORN BEETLE (Agonoderus lecontei) in
southeast counties, MAIZE BILLBUG (Calendra maidis) in bottom lands
in southeastern and northeastern areas, a SOD WEBWORM (Thaumatopsis

ectinifer) in sandy area of Platte County. ALFALFA PLANT BUG
Tapco S lineolatus) was light to moderate in most fields of alfalfa,
counts from 5 to 56 per 25 sweeps. It now occurs throughout State.
RAPID PLANT BUG(Adelphocoris rapidus) was light in alfalfa in most
counties. TARNISHED PLANT BUG (Lyqus lineolaris) was moderate to
heavy, counts ranging from 6 to 483. Peak infestation was reached early
in May and continued until middle of November. GRASSHOPPERS (crop
species) caused light to heavy damage locally, chiefly in alfalfa, clover,
pastures, and corn margins. Sixty percent defoliation occurred in some
areas. The areas included the eastern third of the State and a small por-
tion in the southwest. Predominant species were Melanoplus femur-
rubrum in eastern Nebraska followed by M, mexicanus, TE differentialis,
and M. bivittatus. M. mexicanus population was much higher than in
recent years. Range species - A local threatening infestation in Blaine,
Logan, and McPherson Counties embraced some 120,000 acres. A light
infestation appeared in Devel, Keith, Lincoln, Arthur, and Thomas
Counties. The dominant species on rangeland was Ageneotettix deorum
followed by Amphitornus coloradus. Egg survey in the State in general
substantiated the adult survey. ‘The southeast area, egg pods per square
foot, ranged from . 28 to 1. 2 in the field to 3.6 in the margins. The
north-central area, egg pods per square foot, ranged from 0 to 2.8. The
northeast area, egg pods per square foot, ranged from .2 to 1.8 in the
field to 1 in the margins.

HESSIAN FLY (Phytophaga destructor) population was very low--almost
non-existent. CORN ROOT: APHID (Anuraphis maidi-radicis) populations
were heavy during June and July in the east, east-central, south-central,
and the southeast areas. Severe damage in some areas. SOUTHERN
CORN ROOTWORM (Diabrotica LE Eas howardi) was more
abundant than in 1954; most abundant in the eastern third of State.
Damage was very light due to the extensive control program against
rootworms. WESTERN CORN ROOTWORM (Diabrotica virgifera) was
present throughout corn gorwing regions. Damage was light due to
extensive use of soil insecticides. NORTHERN CORN ROOTWORM
(Diabrotica longicornis) populations were normal. No severe damage

-28-

was reported. CORN LEAF APHID{Rhopalosiphum maidis) was normal
on field corn, but grain sorghum and milo in south-central areas were
heavily infested. A very light infestation of FALL ARMYWORM

(Laph a frugiperda) occurred in southern counties. ARMYWORM
(Pseudaletia unipuncta) infestations were light and spotted in the eastern

area. More damage in corn than in wheat. A few adults were picked up
in the fall. YELLOW-STRIPED ARMYWORM (Prodenia ornit hogalli)
was light to moderate in alfalfa and corn in north-central, northeast,
and southeast Nebraska. Previous reports of this species were in 1947.
ALFALFA CATERPILLAR (Colias philodice eurytheme) was very
abundant throughout the alfalfa areas. Much more abundant than in past
years. ALFALFA WEBWORM (Loxostege commixtalis) - Only light
infestations were recorded from the southeastern counties. GARDEN
WEBWORM {Loxostege similalis) was light in central area on alfalfa,
spotted but moderate to heavy infestations in southeast, with webbing,
very prevalent. SIX-SPOTTED LEAFHOPPER (Macrosteles fascifrons)
was moderate to heavy in wheat and other small grains in north-central
and south-central counties. Controls were necessary in some cases.
PAINTED LEAFHOPPER (Endria inimica) infestations were light to
moderate in alfalfa and small grains but no serious damage was reported.
Another LEAFHOPPER (Aceratagallia uhleri) was moderate on small
grain, alfalfa and pastures. Again no serious damage was reported from
this pest. BEET LEAFHOPPER (Circulifer tenellus) overwintering
adults were picked up early in March on various mustards. The
infestation continued throughout the summer and the curly top virus was
found around Holdrege and North Platte.

LESSER CLOVER LEAF WEEVIL (Hypera nigrirostris) was moderate to
heavy in red clover in eastern counties. Much damage to heads of clover.
A light population of CLOVER ROOT CURCULIO (Sitona hispidula)
prevailed in east-central counties on alfalfa. No serious damage.
ALFALFA WEEVIL (Hypera postica) larvae caused only slight damage in
the known infested counties in the west. Large numbers of CLOVER
SEED CHALCID (Bruchophagus gibbus) were reported from Madison
County on red clover. SPOTTED ALFALFA APHID is new to the State.
It first appeared in late August in the Republican Valley. By October it
had spread through the Platte and Loup Valleys and as far north as the
Niobrara Valley. Populations ranged as high as 500 per sweep of a
standard net. Economic damage occurred, but losses last fall were
minimized by the onset of cold weather. YELLOW CLOVER APHID,
closely related to the spotted alfalfa aphid, occurred on red and alsike
clovers. Infestations were confined mostly to the eastern third of the
State. No serious damage from this species. CHINCH BUG (Blissus
leucopterus) fall survey reveals a light to very severe condition in
southeastern counties. Counts ranged up to 2983 bugs per square foot.
FALSE WIREWORM (Eleodes spp.) adults were abundant in most wheat
fields in southwestern, central, and southeastern Nebraska. WIRE-
WORMS (Melanotus spp.) caused spotted but moderate to severe damage
in several areas of the central corn-growing region. WHEAT CURL
MITE (Aceria tulipae) occurred only in occasional fields. Infestations
scattered in the east, central, and the panhandle.

=H)

There was estimated five percent WHEAT STEM MAGGOT (Meromyza
americana) infestation in scattered wheat fields in and about Hayes
County. ENGLISH GRAIN APHID (Macrosiphum granarium) was light
to moderate in wheat and oats in eastern and south-central Nebraska.
WHEAT HEAD ARMYWORM (Faronta diffusa) - Last reported damage
by this insect was in 1936. Moderate to heavy populations reported in
south-central, southwestern, and southeast Nebraska. ‘The infestation
continued up to harvest. This form ranked tenth as a most important
crop insect in Nebraska. EUROPEAN CORN BORER (Pyrausta nubilalis)-
Spring surveys revealed a good winter survival that presented a threat
to the corn during 1955. Populations in the northeast were 22, 667
borers per acre; central area 16, 482; southeast 4, 840; and the south-
central only 871 borers per acre. By June 9 emergence was well
underway. Egg deposition reached a peak, 400 to 500 per 100 plants in
Cedar County by June 24. Second-generation adults appeared July 21
intermingled with first-generation larvae. This resulted in a prolonged
egg laying period. Drought conditions of 1955 were not very favorable
for egg and young larval survival. Drought also caused a 50 percent or
more loss in corn yields. Second-generation larvae were down from the
previous year. Fall survey showed an average of 225. borers per 100
stalks in the northeast; 148 in the €ast-central area; 99 in the southeast;
and 18 borers in the central area. The State average was 170 borers
er 100 stalks. Total estimated loss in the counties surveyed (50) was
8, 551, 144,

Vegetable and Truck Crop Insects

CORN SAP BEETLE (Carpophilus dimidiatus) was present in injured
ears and stalks of sweet corn in eastern and central Nebraska in late
July-early August. POTATO SCAB GNAT (Pnyxia scabies) caused some
slight damage to potatoes in Keith County. Considerably less serious
than in 1954 when it was first reported as injurious in the State. During
mid-July a very high population of TUBER FLEA BEETLE (Epitrix
tuberis) occurred in some early potato fields in western Nebraska but
damage was light due to extensive use of soil insecticides. POTATO
LEAF HOPPER (Empoasca fabae) - First 1955 report for State was

May 18. Some "hopperburn" was reported in the east and central Platte
Valleys. More abundant than in recent years in western Nebraska. This
species ranks seventh as a most important insect in Nebraska.
COLORADO POTATO BEETLE (Leptinotarsa decemlineata) in western
Nebraska was fairly normal; slight injury in some fields... POTATO
PSYLLID (Paratrioza an appeared at first in small numbers in
late April. During May there was a sharp increase on potato cull piles
and on Lycium in the Platte Valley. There was continued increase
through July in early potato fields and psyllid yellow symptoms appeared.
Late fields were moderate to heavily infested. MEXICAN BEAN BEETLE
(Epilachna varivestis) was observed in sufficient numbers to cause
moderate injury in several fields in Scotts Bluff and Sioux Counties.
Population was up from last year. HARLEQUIN BUG (Murgantia histrion-
ica) was moderate on cole crops in southeastern Nebraska. MELON APHID
(Aphis gossypii) was very abundant on cucurbits in southeastern area.

-30-

A STRIPED BLISTER BEETLE (Epicauta sp.) was common on alfalfa and
garden tomatoes and potatoes from July through the latter part of August.
BEAN LEAF BEETLE (Cerotoma trifurcata) damaged soybeans in
Thayer, Burt, and Hall Counties. Light infestation reported.

Insects of Shade Trees, Perennials, and Other Ornamentals
Heavy infestations of EUROPEAN ELM SCALE (Gossyparia spuria)
occurred in western Nebraska. ELM TREE BORER (Saperda tridentata)
was general in many areas of eastern and western Nebraska. A few
parasites (Atanycolus ulmicola) appeared for the first time May 27. In
some areas of Lincoln three-fourths of the elm trees are infested to the
point where reinfestation would kill the trees. CLOVER MITE (Bryobia
raetiosa) migrations into homes were generally heavy throughout State.
OYSTERSHELL SCALE (Lepidosaphes ulmi) was very abundant on lilac
in eastern Nebraska. BAGWORM (Thyridopteryx ephemeraeformis)
caused severe damage to coniferous trees in southeastern Nebraska.
SOUTHERN MASKED CHAFER (Cyclocephala immaculata) infestations
in lawns were light to moderate in the eastern third of State. Adults
were appearing at lights from mid-April to July. SMALLER EUROPEAN
ELM BARK BEETLE (Scolytus multistriatus) - Light infestations were
found in several areas in southeastern Nebraska. No Dutch elm disease
reported in the State yet. NANTUCKET PINE MOTH (Rhyacionia
frustrana) was very abundant on ponderosa pine along the Pine Ridge area.
PINE NEEDLE SCALE (Phenacaspis pinifoliae) was moderate to heavy on
onderosa pine in the Pine Ridge area. GREEN-STRIPED MAPLEWORM
(ees rubicunda) caused defoliation in Omaha and Auburn area on shade
trees in the cities and nurseries. COTTONWOOD LEAF BEETLE
(Chrysomela scripta) feeding was heavy on yellow cottonwood in nursery
plantings. Both larvae and adults involved. WHITE- MARKED TUSSOCK
MOTH{Hemerocampa leucostigma) caused heavy damage on pin oak
nursery seedings. SPIDER MITES (Tetranychus spp.) were moderate to
heavy on juniper and spruce trees in central and eastern areas. COTTONY
MAPLE SCALE (Pulvinaria innumerabilis)was light in scattered eastern
areas.

Insects Affecting Man and Animal

ATTLE GRUBsS (Hypoderma spp.) - Fly activity began early in April and
developed into a normal situation. HORN FLY (Siphona irritans) infesta-
tion began in early May and spread throughout State. Numbers increased
in all areas. Eighty flies per head of cattle reported in Richardson County.
There was a rapid increase of STABLE FLY (Stomoxys calcitrans) during
the summer. Considerable annoyance to cattle in most areas. HOUSE
FLY (Musca domestica) population was up from 1954. Development was
Slow due to the hot dry weather, but with some moisture in late summer,
large numbers caused considerable annoyance to cattle and humans.
CATTLE LICE (Bovicola bovis and Hematopinus spp. ) situation was normal.

SCREW-WORM (Callitroga hominivorax) was reported from Thayer County,

August 1. AN EAR TICK (Otobius megnini) infestation was found in ears
of 93 percent of a herd consisting o cattle in Dundy County. Last
report of this pest was in 1937.

eile

ROCKY MOUNTAIN WOOD TICK (Dermacentor andersoni) seems to be
increasing in Sioux, Dawes, and Scotts Bluff Counties. AMERICAN DOG
TICK (D. variabilis) is increasing in the wooded river valleys throughout
the State. Largest population in Dawes County. MOSQUITOES - Large
populations of Aedes dorsalis and Culex tarsalis in the-irrigated areas

of western Nebraska, especially the North Platte Valley.

Cooperators: The following Nebraska entomologists also contributed to
the Cooperative Economic Insect Survey during 1955: H. J. Ball,

O. S. Bare, E. W. Hamilton, L. W. Quate, R. Staples, R. L. Wallis,
C. Walstrom and W. Rapp.

3K 2K 2 OK ee oe a oe ok Ko OK OK OK OK eK OR OK KOK

HIGHLIGHTS OF INSECT OCCURRENCES IN CANADA, 1955

Reported by C. G. MacNay
Canada Department of Agriculture

(As this summary contains information on many of the same species of
insect pests that entomologists in the United States have to deal with,

it is believed that it will be of considerable interest to readers of the
Cooperative Economic Insect Report. Dr. MacNay has kindly consented
to its inclusion in the Report. )

In general, insect damage in Canada in 1955 was moderate. The most
alarming outbreak of the season was that of aphids on grain; these
caused extensive damage, mainly to late barley, in all of the major
grain-growing areas of the country. The following are a few of the
highlights: A widespread and severe outbreak of aphids occurred on grain
in all provinces from Alberta to Prince Edward Island. The CORN LEAF
APHID (Rhopalosiphum maidis) was the principal species, especially in
the Prairie Provinces. The ENGLISH GRAIN APHID (Macrosiphum
anarium) was of secondary importance and GREENBUG (Toxoptera
graminum) a minor pest. A fourth species, Rhopalosiphum pseudoavenae
was numerous in New Brunswick. Major losses occurred in late barley,
many stands being abandoned. In the Prairie Provinces well over two
million acres were seriously affected, the situation being aggravated by
the fact that much of the land ordinarily seeded to wheat was seeded to
barley. Of several cutworm species that are important annually, the
ARMY CUTWORM (Chorizagrotis auxiliaris) was outstanding. During
May and June it caused extensive damage in Alberta for the first time
in 12 years and in Saskatchewan for the first time on record. In
southern Alberta, several thousand acres of mustard and flax were
destroyed and alfalfa, barley, and garden crops were severely damaged.
In southern Saskatchewan, some 20, 000 acres of wheat and barley were
damaged, 10, 000 acres of wheat being destroyed. No previous occurrence
in the Province had caused damage of such magnitude. The BERTHA
ARMYWORM (Mamestra configurata) occurred on rape and flax in

230)

north-central and northeastern agricultural areas of Saskatchewan in the
heaviest infestation since 1948. On the other hand, PALE WESTERN
CUTWORM (Agrotis orthogonia) occurred in the lightest infestation in
many years. In southwestern Ontario, infestation of vegetable crops_

by cutworms of various species was about as severe as any on record.
Tobacco and sugar beets also were extensively damaged. The ARMYWORM
(Pseudaletia unipuncta), which occurred in outbreak numbers in Eastern
Canada in 1954, appeared only in scattered, local infestations; general
outbreaks have not occurred in two successive years in Canada. In
several districts of the Red River Valley, Manitoba, wheat was infested
by the WHEAT MIDGE (Sitodiplosis mosellana). The insect, seldom
reported in appreciable numbers in Canada, was first recorded in
Manitoba in 1954. A survey of adult GRASSHOPPERS in this province
revealed a serious, general build-up, especially in the central portion of
the agricultural area. Some vegetable insects were also prominent. Over
4,000 acres of sugar beets in southern Alberta were sprayed to control
flea beetles, probably Psylliodes punctulata, and a CARRION BEETLE
(Silpha bituberosa);control measures are rarely necessary on such a
scale for these insects. North of Taber and Cranford, Alberta, infesta-
tion of sugar beets by the BEET WEBWORM (Loxostege sticticalis) was
the most severe since 1941. In British Columbia the BROWN WHEAT
MITE (Petrobia latens),a new pest on onions, caused considerable damage
in the Kelowna area. In southern Ontario, the CABBAGE LOOPER
(Trichoplusia ni) appeared generally in the most severe outbreak in at
least nine years; in southwestern districts, infestation of PEA WEEVIL
(Bruchus pisorum) on canning peas was the most severe on record; and
in Kent County, Ontario, infestations of POTATO APHID (Macrosiphum
solanifolii) on tomatoes were the most widespread in the memory o
growers.

Among the fruit insects, an outbreak of TWO-SPOTTED SPIDER MITE
(Tetranychus telarius) occurred for the first time in southwestern _
Quebec in several commercial apple orchards; and for the first time in
Norfolk County, Ontario; the CLOVER MITE (Bryobia praetiosa) caused
severe, local damage to the foliage of apple. Another first occurrence
involved the Niagara, Ontario, area, where the WHITE PEACH SCALE

(Pseudaulacaspis pentagona) was collected on weeping mulberry near
Beamsville. In British Columbia, the ORANGE TORTRIX (Argyrotsenia
citrana) first observed feeding on holly berries in the fall of 1954,
survived the winter and is causing concern among holly growers. Notable
among the insects that attack livestock and man, the ROCKY MOUNTAIN
WOOD TICK (Dermacentor widens oa apparently increasing in central
British Columbia, heavily infeste 6 cattle on one ranch; 30 were
paralyzed and two died. An infestation, apparently of TROPICAL RAT
MITE (Bdellonyssus bacoti), in a 17-family tenement at Trenton, Ontario,
indicates the first establishment of the species in Canada. Eight specimens
of the tick Ixodes cookei were removed from a man at Marysville, Ontario,
who had visited a doctor seeking a remedy for a sick stomach. In the
household, the BROWN-BANDED ROACH (Supella supellectilium) occurred
in an apartment in Saskatoon, Saskatchewan,. and in a dwelling in Ottawa,
Ontario. Both are first records for these provinces.

=~88\—

In July, A STINK BEETLE (Nomius pygmaeus), invaded residences in
Matachewan, Ontario, in such numbers that the occupants were unable
to sleep because of the odor; the insect has been described as the

most intensely malodorous creature for its size in the world. Adult
flights are frequently associated with forest fires, which may have
accounted for the annual occurrence. Apparently they are driven out of
forest areas, their natural habitat, by the smoke. In Ontario and
Quebec, reports of the invasion of dwellings by immense numbers of the
STRAWBERRY ROOT WEEVIL (Brachyrhinus ovatus) were unusually
numerous. Among stored product insects, a survey of terminal elevators
in ports on the upper Great Lakes, and of loaded boats and barges
revealed a general infestation of Ephestia sp., probably elutella and the
INDIAN-MEAL MOTH (Plodia interpunctella).

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Co decative |
ECONOMIC INSECT
REPORT

Issued by

PLANT PEST CONTROL BRANCH

AGRICULTURAL RESEARCH SERVICE

UNITED STATES DEPARTMENT OF AGRICULTURE

AGRICULTURAL RESEARCH SERVICE

PLANT PEST CONTROL BRANCH

ECONOMIC INSECT SURVEY SECTION

The Cooperative Economic Insect Report is
Issued weekly as a service to American Agri-
culture. lts contentsare compiled from informa-
tion supplied by cooperating State, Federal, and
industrial entomologists and other agricultural
workers. In releasing this material the Branch
serves as a clearing house and does not assume

responsibility for accuracy of the material.

Reports and inquiries pertaining to this release
should be mailed to:

Economic Insect Survey Section
Plant Pest Control Branch
Agricultural Research Service
United States Department of Agriculture
Washington 25, D. C.

Volume 6 January 20, 1956 No. 3
COOPERATIVE ECONOMIC INSECT REPORT

Highlights of Insect Conditions
GRASSHOPPER outlook for 1956 (map). (see end of book).
GREENBUG widespread, but light, on small grains in panhandle and

northwestern areas of Texas. Medium to heavy in De Baca and Eddy
Counties, New Mexico. (p. 37).

BROWN WHEAT MITE increasing and causing damage to small grains in
the panhandle and northwestern areas of Texas. Infestations found in
half of fields inspected in northern and western Oklahoma. (p. 37).

SPOTTED ALFALFA APHID medium to heavy on alfalfa throughout

New Mexico. In Texas - building up in Brazos and Burleson Counties

and damaging alfalfa in Grayson and Leon Counties. Infestations

also reported in Iron County, Utah, and Garvin County, Oklahoma,(p. 37).

Outlook for APHIDS on potatoes in northeastern Maine in 1956. (p. 38).

BOLL WEEVIL hibernation survey in McNairy County, Tennessee,
shows population higher than in fall of 1954. (p. 38).

CATTLE GRUB counts from Oklahoma, Kansas and Virginia. (p. 39).

SUMMARY OF INSECT CONDITIONS - 1955 - in Maine (p. 42),
North Dakota (p. 43), South Carolina (p. 46).

ROR RI AI AR OK IRR I AR RIK 1K

Reports in this issue are for the week ending January 13, 1956, unless
otherwise designated.

- 386 -

WEATHER BUREAU'S 30-DAY OUTLOOK
Mid-January to Mid-February 1956

The Weather Bureau's 30-day outlook for mid-January to mid-February
calls for temperatures to average above seasonal normals in the

western half of the country. East of the Mississippi generally below
normal temperatures are indicated, except for near normal in the Great
Lakes area and the Northeast. Precipitation is expected to be subnormal
in the southern half of the nation. Greater than normal amounts of rain
and snow are predicted for the Northeast, Northwest, and northern
Rocky Mountain States, with near normal elsewhere.

This report released by the Weather Bureau on January 17, 1956

Weather forecast given here is based on the official 30-day "Resume
and Outlook", published twice a month by the Weather Bureau. You can
subscribe through Superintendent of Documents, Washington 25, D. C.
Price: $4.80 a year, $2.40 for six months.

WEATHER FOR THE WEEK ENDING JANUARY 17, 1956

Weather varied widely over the country during the past week, but in
general each section was dominated by conditions repetitive of preceding
weeks. Cold air draining into the South from northern regions brought
additional frosts and cold weather to Florida and other Southern States.
The Atlantic low pressure system of last week, moving slowly northward,
continued to produce snow, sleet, and rain in the Northeast. In the
Northwest, precipitation persisted as Pacific low centers pushed into
that part of the country. The central Great Plains area experienced
above normal temperatures for the fourth consecutive week. ‘The
southern and central sections of the United States remained very dry.
Departures of average temperatures were above normal over a large
portion of the country, but were below normal in the southeastern
quarter of the Nation from the Ohio Valley to south-central Texas, and
also in a small area along the Canadian Border from Cutbank, Mont. ,
eastward to Williston, N. Dak. Florida experienced a very cold week
with average temperatures below normal by 10~in the north and 15°

on the Peninsula, while minimum temperatures ranged between the upper
20's and lower 40's throughout the period. Frost occurred in some
parts of Florida on all days, the heaviest on the morning of January 15
with severe damage to truck crops on the west coast, in the Everglades,
and on the lower east coast, which had previously escaped. Texas
reported frosts in the Rio Grande Valley on the morning of January 13.
Moderate to heavy precipitation fell almost daily in the Northwest from
the Pacific Coast eastward to the Continental Divide and in the Northeast
along the Atlantic Coast as far south as Hatteras and westward as far

as eastern Ohio. Elsewhere in northern portions of the country the
amounts were light to moderate and fell intermittently. The heavy
precipitation in northern California brought rivers to near bankful

oe aes See an flooding with Guerneville and Yuba City areas

OSU ha
CEREAL AND FORAGE INSECTS

GREENBUG (Toxoptera graminum) - NEW MEXICO - Infestations
medium to heavy on wheat in De Baca County and on barley in Eddy
County. (Durkin, Jan. 7). TEXAS - Found in every county surveyed in
northwestern and panhandle counties, but counts low. Highest
populations in Deaf Smith and Hansford Counties where counts were
O-5 per linear foot of row. None found south or east of Crosby County.
(Cleveland, Ashdown, Daniels, Davis). (See also p. 40)

ENGLISH GRAIN APHID (Macrosiphum granarium) - OKLAHOMA -
Reported from occasional fields in Custer, Dewey, Major and Woods
Counties. Highest populations in Major County with counts of 15-35 per
linear foot of row. (Coppock).

BROWN WHEAT MITE (Petrobia latens) - TEXAS - Has increased and
causing considerable damage in 40 counties surveyed in northwestern

and panhandle counties. Heaviest in northwestern counties of the
panhandle, the Abilene area and in Baylor, Wilbarger and Wichita
Counties. In many fields, 30 per linear foot of row. (Cleveland,
Ashdown, Daniels, Davis). OKLAHOMA - Inspection of 43 small grain
fields in 11 western and northern counties showed infestations in 20
fields. Counts ranged from an occasional specimen to 30-35 per linear
foot of row. Highest populations in Caddo and Dewey Counties. (Coppock).

CORN LEAF APHID (Rhopalosiphum maidis) - TEXAS - In complex with
R. fitchii in very low populations in all areas of the panhandle.
(Cleveland, Ashdown).

CUTWORMS - TEXAS - Very light populations in Foard, Hardeman,
Wilbarger and Wichita Counties with heaviest population in Foard
County. In one field 5-6 per linear foot of row. (Davis).

MITES ON ALFALFA - KANSAS - Eriophyid mites, probably Aceria
medicaginis were found on alfalfa in Marshall-County, December 28 and
in Saline County, January 9. (Matthew).

SPOTTED ALFALFA APHID - UTAH - Still present on succulent alfalfa
in warmer parts of Iron County. (Sjoblom, Knowlton). NEW MEXICO -
Populations medium to heavy on alfalfa stands (seedling and established)
throughout State. (Durkin, Jan. 7). TEXAS - Injurious infestation on
alfalfa in Grayson County. (Owen, Gunter). Very heavy infestation on
alfalfa in Leon County. (Price). Infestations building up in Brazos and
Burleson Counties. (Randolph). OKLAHOMA - Found in all fields of
alfalfa inspected in Garvin County on January 10. Counts from 1-20
per leaf in some fields. (Stiles). Winter populations decreasing in
northern counties. (Coppock).

THRIPS - NEW MEXICO - Exceedingly abundant in alfalfa for time of
year. (Durkin, Jan. 7). TEXAS - Very low numbers in grain fields in
panhandle area. (Cleveland, Ashdown).

BESS =
FRUIT INSECTS

COTTONY-CUSHION SCALE (Icerya purchasi) - FLORIDA - Heavy
infestaiions on citrus at Leesburg, Lake County. (Bentley).

TRUCK CROP INSECTS

1955 Fall Aphid Egg Abundance on Overwintering Hosts of Potato-
Infesting Aphids in Northeastern Maine.

A survey was conducted November 7 to 9, 1955, in northeastern Maine to
determine fall abundance of aphid eggs on overwintering hosts of
potato-infesting aphids. Eggs of the buckthorn aphid (Aphis abbreviata)
were found on alder buckthorn at all sampling stations. ‘The fully-
distended eggs were about one-half as abundant as the fall average

for the preceding 10 years. Present egg populations are large enough,
however, to result in potentially serious aphid populations on potatoes

in 1956. Aphid eggs on Canada plum, a primary host of the green peach
aphid (Myzus persicae), were found at 56 percent of the sampling
stations. Overall aphid egg populations on this host were only 18

percent as large as at the time in 1954, and they are also down to

18 percent of the 10-year average. Observations on aphids on Canada
plum during fall showed very low abundance of green peach aphid;
therefore, very few of the eggs now present on this plant could have

been deposited by green peach aphid. Indications are that, with

favorable conditions, the green peach aphid could be found more generally
on potatoes in 1956 than in 1955 but that, as in 1955, it should again have
an unusually low order of abundance on potatoes in 1956. Aphid eggs on
swamp rose, most important primary host of the potato aphid (Macrosiphum
solanifolii), were found at all sampling stations. Present overall egg
abundance, while 18 percent less than the 10-year average, is about 1-1/2
times that at the same time in 1954. In addition, the potato aphid com-
prised a somewhat larger proportion of the aphid populations on swamp
rose during the fall of 1955 than 1954. Fall egg populations no larger
than those now present have, under some conditions, resulted in large
populations of the potato aphid on untreated potatoes during the summer
following. (Shands, Simpson, Wave).

A GARDEN MILLIPEDE (probably Julus hesperus) - OREGON -
Damaging a strawberry planting of several acres at Donald. (Stephenson).

COTTON INSECTS

Boll Weevil Hibernation Survey - Fall 1955 - ‘Tennessee
The 1955 fall hibernation survey in McNairy County showed an increase

over 1954. An average of 902 live weevils per acre of ground trash was
found compared with 311 in 1954. Highest average number in any one
sample was 3,112 per acre of trash. The 1955 counts were highest
since 1952 when 2, 259 were found. Other insects found abundant in

= 6) =

trash samples were Fuller rose beetle, bean leaf beetle, stink bugs,
squash bug, flea beetles, strawberry crown borer, plant bugs,
sugarcane beetle, spotted cucumber beetle, golden tortoise beetle and
strawberry weevil. (Locke).

FOREST, ORNAMENTAL AND SHADE TREE INSECTS

BELLA MOTH (Utetheisa bella) - FLORIDA - Larvae averaging 50 per
plant and one per fruit on crotalaria 12 miles west of Ft. Pierce,
St. Lucie County, December 9. (Campbell, Williams).

A FALSE SPIDER MITE (Pentamarismus erythreus-}OREGON - Feeding
on arborvitae and causing browning of leaves at Corvallis, January 11,
(Det. G. W. Krantz). (Capizzi).

A PHALAENID (Xanthopastis timais) - FLORIDA - Larvae averaging five
per plant on spider lily at Cape Romano, Collier County. Hundreds of
larvae eating hosts to ground in over 100 square feet, December 1.
(Weems, Denmark).

TWO-SPOTTED SPIDER MITE (Tetranychus telarius) - TEXAS - Heavy
populations on all types of evergreens in Potter County. (Cleveland).

SPRUCE SPIDER MITE (Oligonychus ununquis) - WASHINGTON - Caused
extensive injury to foliage of juniper and arborvitae shrubs near Everett
in early September. (Johanson).

PINE NEEDLE SCALE (Phenacaspis pinifoliae) - TEXAS - Medium
populations on spruce and pine in Potter County. Now in egg stage under
old female scale. ( Cleveland).

INSECTS AFFECTING MAN AND ANIMALS

CATTLE GRUBS - OKLAHOMA - Counts on mature cows at El Reno,
Canadian County, averaged 9.5 per animal; on 200 mature cows in
Harper County, 25 per animal; on 100 2-year-old heifers in Payne County,
9 per animal. (Howell).. KANSAS - Examination of cattle from out of the
State and being fed for market in Johnson County, showed that 54 head of
one herd which averaged nine grubs December 14, now have only four
per animal. Counts made January 11, showed 0-12 grubs per animal
compared with 0-39 a month earlier. All appeared to be Hypoderma
lineatum. (Matthew). VIRGINIA - Average for 183 head of cattle on a
northern beef cattle station is 5.3 per animal. Highest number present
in single animal is 30 grubs; 23 animals or 12 percent have no grubs.
The 183 head are 24.8 percent of total cattle on the station. Infestation
is light to moderate on V. P. I. Farm at Blacksburg. (Turner,
Raffensperger).

LAG

BROWN DOG TICK (Rhipicephalus sanquineus) - MARYLAND - Adults in
home in Bethesda, Montgomery County. (. U. Md. Ent. Dept. ).

CATTLE LICE - UTAH - Continue to be a serious problem in Kane
and Iron Counties. (Knowlton).

MISCELLANEOUS INSECTS

OLD HOUSE BORER (Hylotrupes bajulus) - NORTH CAROLINA - Reports
of this pest are increasing. (Jones). :

Light trap collections:
TEXAS (College Station, 1/7-13/56): Pseudaletia unipuncta, 164;

Agrotis ypsilon, 11; Feltia subterranea, 12. ALABAMA (Auburn 1/1-
6/56): Feltia spp. 7. GEORGIA (Spalding County 1/1-6/56): P.
unipuncta, 1; F. subterranea, 2. (Tift 12/17/55-1/6/56): P. unipuncta,
10. F. subterranea, 7; A. ypsilon, 2. A

STORED PRODUC''S INSECTS

SAW-TOOTHED GRAIN BEETLE (Oryzaphilus suranamensis) - UTAH -
Heavily infesting a large granary at Manti, (Funk, Knowlton).
MARYLAND - Adults and larvae infesting chocolate in Baltimore.

(UE, Mich, Tsratt, IDreyouss

CIGARETTE BEETLE (Lasioderma serricorne) - FLORIDA - Larvae
averaging 42 per 20-pound bag of tobacco seed at Quincy, Gadsden
County. ‘Two of 12 bags infested, December 9. (Det. W. H. Anderson).
(Tappan).

BENEFICIAL INSECTS

LADY BEETLES - OKLAHOMA - Feeding on English grain aphid at
air temperatures of 35 degrees in Major County. (Coppock).

A PREDACEOUS BEETLE (Temnochila virescens) - VIRGINIA -
Collected from Pine, Dec. 16. (Det. G. B. Vogt). Feeds on bark
beetles and wood borers . (Jones, Rowell).

2K AK KK OK OK OK OK OK OK OK OK OK OK OK OK OK OK OK OK OK

APHIDS ON GRAIN (Additional note) - GEORGIA - An aphid, probably
reenbug, heavy on 10 acres of oats in Ben Hill County, January l.
Murphy, Davenport).

SAN =
Weather continued from p. 36

where floods occurred in late December. ‘The drought situation continued
in the Central and Southern Plains area and in most of the South where

no significant precipitation fell during the period. Light dust erosion
was reported in the Middle and Southern Plains on the 14th, with the
occurrence of high winds. The Dakotas reported blizzard conditions near
the end of the period on January 16, as colder weather replaced
relatively mild conditions in these and adjacent states.

The snow cover decreased in depth in the Northeast. The greatest snow
depth reported, except for mountain stations, is 26 inches at Grand
Marais, Mich. Depths reported this week at higher elevations in Far
West are 184 inches at Mount Baker Lodge and 167 at Paradise Ranger
Station in Washington, 87 at Twin Lakes, Calif., 96 at Crater Lake,
Ore. and 41 inches at West Yellowstone in Montana. (Summary Supplied
by U. S. Weather Bureau).

Ag)
SUMMARY OF INSECT CONDITIONS - 1955
MAINE

Reported by L. W. Boulanger
R. W. Paulson

Truck Crop Insects
COLORADO POTATO BEETLE (Leptinotarsa decemlineata) was moderate

in scattered localities. POTATO FLEA BEETLE (Epitrix cucumeris)
populations were fairly high in some areas on potatoes and heavy on
tomatoes in southern counties. MEXICAN BEAN BEETLE (Epilachna
varivestis) was light to moderate and general in distribution. Wireworms,
predominantly the WHEAT WIREWORM (Agriotes mancus), were
generally troublesome throughout the State with infestations ranging from
moderate to heavy in local areas. STRIPED CUCUMBER BEETLE
(Acalymma vittata) was heavy on squash and cucumbers in some south-
western counties. IMPORTED CABBAGEWORM (Pieris rapae) injury
was severe in Androscoggin, Sagadahoc, Oxford and southern Aroostook

Counties. TOMATO HORNWORM (Protoparce quinquemaculata) was not
reported as doing any damage. ASP GUS BEETLE (Crioceris
ames was less abundant than usual. GREEN PEACH APHID (Myzus
persicae) was relatively scarce on potatoes following a fall when few
eggs were deposited on wild plum. POTATO APHID (Macrosiphum
solanifolii) was somewhat less abundant than usual. FOXGLOVE APHID

(Myzus solani) was less abundant on potatoes than in 1954. BUCKTHORN
APHID (Aphis abbreviata) was moderately abundant on potatoes.

Cereal and Forage Crop Insects
EUROPEAN CORN BORER (Pyrausta nubilalis) was moderate in most

areas. CORN EARWORM (Heliothis zea) populations moderate; some
damage to late sweet corn. MEADOW SPITTLEBUG (Philaenus
leucophthalmus) was less abundant than for several years. PEA APHID
(Macrosiphum pisi) was less abundant in clover than for several years.
YELLOW CLOVER APHID (Pterocallidium trifolii) was widespread over
the State but was of little importance because of relatively light
infestations. ARMYWORM (Pseudaletia unipuncta) was present but not
in damaging numbers. APPLE GRAIN APHID (Rhopalosiphum fitchii)
was abundant on oats. CORN LEAF APHID (Rhopalosiphum maidis) was
much more abundant than usual on oats. ENGLISH GRAIN APHID

(Macrosiphum granarium) was widespread and abundant on oats.
GREENBUG (Toxoptera graminum) was present in small numbers on oats.

Fruit Insects

APPLE MAGGOT (Rhagoletis pomonella) damage was very light.
Populations were unusually low in most orchards. CODLING MOTH
(Carpocapsa pomonella) numbers were moderate to heavy in poorly-tended
plantings. Second generation was slightly larger than usual. Control was
generally good with regular control program. EYE-SPOTTED BUD MOTH

=. Ag) =

(Spilonota ocellana), OYSTERSHELL SCALE (Lepidosaphes ulmi) and
EUROPEAN RED MITE (Metatetranychus ulmi) were moderately
troublesome. A MIDGE (Dasyneura mali) populations were much
heavier than last year. PLUM CURCULIO (Conotrachelus nenuphar)

and APHID (Aphis pomi, Anuraphis roseus) injury was negligible in most
cases. GYPSY MOTH (Porthetria dispar) and EASTERN TENT
CATERPILLAR (Malacosoma americanum) populations were moderate;
most growers got good control with routine early control measures.
BLUEBERRY MAGGOT (Rhagoletis pomonella) and A THRIPS
(Frankliniella vaccinii) infestation was light in most areas; damage was
almost nil with usual control program.

Forest and Shade Tree Insects (From Maine Forest Service)

GYPSY MOTH (Porthetria dispar) occurred in very widespread
infestations through most of southern and central Maine. SPRUCE
BUDWORM (Choristoneura fumiferana) is of increasing importance as a
threat to spruce fir forests, particularly in northern Maine. A WOOLLY
APHID (Chermes piceae) is destroying a great deal of balsam fir in
central and eastern Maine. This pest is quite serious. WHITE PINE
WEEVIL (Pissodes strobi) was important throughout the range of white
pine and was serious in spots to red spruce in northern Maine. BEECH
SCALE (Cryptococcus fagi) is paving the wer for Nectria which is
continuing to kill beech in western Maine. PINE LEAF APHID (Pineus
pinifoliae) was present throughout central Maine.

Insects Affecting Man and Animals

HOUSE FLY (Musca domestica) and MOSQUITO populations were
generally heavy through the summer. The fly population reached a peak
about mid-August. BLACK FLIES (Simulium spp.) were very numerous
in early spring. CATTLE LICE (Bovicola bovis, Haematopinus
eurysternus) and POULTRY LICE (Eomenacanthus stramineus and
Cuclotogaster heterographus) populations were very light throughout the
State. CERPENTER ANTS (Camponotus sp.) were reported damaging

. timbers in buildings in most areas of the State. CARPET BEETLES
(Anthrenus spp. ) caused Sees in many households. The PHAROAH

aoe (Monomorium pharaonis) was reported from a house in Penobscot
ounty. a

SUMMARY OF INSECT CONDITIONS - 1955
NORTH DAKOTA
Reported by Vance V. Goodfellow

Cereal and Forage Insects
GRASSHOPPERS - A general build-up of the economic species occurred

in the southeastern part of the State, a tri-county area including Slope,
Bowman, and Adams Counties and the Nesson Flat area at Williston

= A &

extending eastward along the Missouri River to southeastern Mountrail
and northwestern McLean Counties. Infestations were generally
localized with damage occurring only in legumes and late-planted field
crops. WIREWORMS caused some stand thinning of small grains in
northern sections. Damage was also reported in Bowman, Slope and
Golden Valley Counties. Infestations were localized in fields. Reports
of damage were fewer than in the previous season. The area of most
severe infestation of WHEAT STEM SAWFLY (Cephus cinctus) were
southern Mountrail, southwestern Ward, and western McLean Counties;
some fields in Williams, Divide, Burke, Renville and Bottineau Counties
also had heavy infestations, particularly along margins. Non-economic
populations were generally the case south of the Missouri River and
throughout the eastern half of the State. KUROPEAN CORN BORER
(Pyrausta nubilalis) infestations reached the highest point yet recorded
for North Dakota's major corn producing area, the southeastern border
counties. The fall abundance survey indicated a sizeable increase over
1954 and a potential threat to the 1956 crop. Infestations of CORN
EARWORM (Heliothis zea) and A COMMON STALK BORER occurred in
sweet corn plantings in eastern section. Damage varied from light to
moderate. A few ARMYWORM (Pseudaletia unipuncta) moths were
collected from a light trap at Fargo early in June. Several larvae were
collected from roadside grass in the northeastern section; however,
numbers were small and no invasion of cropland was observed. Heavy
feeding of SWEETCLOVER WEEVIL (Sitona cylindricollis) on second-year
sweetclover occurred in eastern and northern sections during late May
and early June. The damage was quickly outgrown and caused no material
loss. Damage to newly-seeded fields was only slight. Variable infesta-
tions of a THRIPS (Limothrips denticornis) occurred in barley fields
throughout the eastern half of the State. Amount of damage was not
determined because of limited information available on this pest.
ENGLISH GRAIN APHID (Macrosiphum granarium) was present on wheat
over the entire State but little or no economic loss was sustained.
GREENBUG (Toxoptera graminum) populations were mostly low and non-
economic. However, several heavy infestations occurred at scattered
points causing severe damage to wheat. CORN LEAF APHID(Rhopalosiphum
maidis) in high numbers was found infesting the flag leaves of barley
causing considerable concern over much of eastern North Dakota. Little
or no damage occurred except to late-sown barley in more northern
counties. Excessive heat and high incidence of disease together with
heavy populations of this aphid contributed to total loss of many late
barley plantings. ALFALFA WEEVIL (Hypera postica) was identified for

first time in State; collected from Stark, Bowman and Adams Counties.
No economic populations found.

Truck Crop and Vegetable Crop Insects
SUGAR BEET ROOT MAGGOT (istnon. myopaeformis) was recognized
as damaging to beet production in 1954. This pest caused severe damage
to sugar beets in the sandy soil areas of Pembina and Walsh Counties.
Distribution survey showed it present from central Traill County north
to the Canadian border. COLORADO POTATO BEETLE (Leptinotarsa
ineata) was present generally throughout the Red River Valley but
in smaller numbers than 1954. Early population potentials failed to

SHA,

materialize because of inclement weather cmditions. POTATO
LEAFHOPPER (Empoasca fabae) populations exceeded several times
that of the SIX-SPOTTED LEAFHOPPER (Macrosteles fascifrons) in
potato fields. Severe "hopperburn" caused premature ripening of vines.
Lack of interest in potato insect control appears largely responsible for
this condition. FLEA BEETLE populations were also high with larval
injury to tubers much above normal. Fewer applications of insecticide,
as was the case with potato leafhopper infestations, appear to have
contributed to this problem also. Heavy infestations of STRIPED
CUCUMBER BEETLE (Acalymma vittata) occurred in home garden
cucumber and squash plantings in southeastern counties. STRAWBERRY
ROOT WEEVIL (Brachyrhinus ovatus) in scattered infestations was
damaging in western area. HORNWORMS were more numerous than for
several years in eastern sections and defoliated various garden plants.
GARDEN SLUGS were abundant and attacked home garden plantings in
eastern area.

Shade Tree and Ornamental Insects

Light infestations of EASTERN TENT CATERPILLAR (Malacosoma
americanum) occurred on apples and shade trees at scattered points in
eastern North Dakota. A LEAF BEETLE (Galerucella decora) caused
heavy defoliation of willow, poplar, and cottonwood in many northwestern
sections. A cotoneaster WEBWORM was abundant in many areas.
APHIDS were numerous on elm, boxelder, and some other trees and
ornamentals over the State. Scattered infestations of CANKERWORMS
defoliated boxelder groves and native stands in southwestern section.
Elsewhere populations were mostly light. GALL INSECTS and MITES
were unusually abundant during the year. SPIDER MITE populations
were generally lower than usual. WILLOW SAWFLY (Nematus ventralis)
occurred at scattered locations in northeastern area. IMPORTED
CURRANTWORM (Nematus ribesii) caused defoliation of gooseberry in
several western localities. High populations of ROSE CURCULIO
Rhynchites bicolor) occurred on bush roses. POPLAR BORER (Saperda
calcarata) infestations were numerous in eastern section. A SPINY ELM
CATERPILLAR occurred commonly on elm in several sections. FALL
WEBWORM (Hyphantria cunea) was unusually abundant over most of

the State. CECROPIA MOTH caterpillars were more numerous on shade
and shelterbelt trees and shrubs than they have been for many years.
Large populations of LACE BUGS occurred on elm at scattered points.
Scattered infestations of ELM SAWFLY (Cimbex americana) were observed
defoliating American and Chinese elm in the southwestern section.
YELLOW-NECKED CATERPILLAR (Datana ministra) caused defoliation
of crabapple in many eastern locations.

Man and Animal Insects

MOSQUITO populations were generally high in early July. Above-normal
rainfall produced unusually heavy populations which caused considerable
annoyance. STABLE FLY (Stomoxys calcitrans) and HOUSE FLY (Musca

SAG

domestica) infestations were generally less severe than in previous
years and were satisfactorily controlled with chlorinated hydrocarbons.
HORN FLY (Siphona irritans) infestations were heavy due to lack of
interest in livestock-spraying. Several household infestations of CAT
and DOG FLEAS (Ctenocephalides spp. ) were reported by occupants who
had closed homes during summer vacation periods. Larval concentrations
of A BLACK FLY (Simulium venustum) on stones and other surfaces in
swift moving streams of the Red River Valley were more abundant than
during the last five years; however, no economic losses were reported.
During the late fall injurious infestations of the SHORT-NOSED CATTLE
LOUSE (Haematopinus eurysternus) were observed in the Red River
Valley on beef cattle where no control measures had been applied.
Herefords appeared more heavily infested than Angus or Shorthorn.
AMERICAN DOG TICK (Dermacentor variabilis) was more abundant in
Red River Valley than for last few years.

Household and Stored Products Insects"

Numerous infestations of CARPET BEETLES and LARDER BEETLE
(Dermestes lardarius) were reported during the year. STRAWBERRY
ROOT WEEVIL (Brachyrhinus ovatus) and CLOVER MITE (Bryobia
praetiosa) invaded numerous homes; however, reported infestations
were lower than in 1954. Clover mite invasions appeared later than in
previous years. PSOCIDS, SAW-TOOTHED GRAIN BEETLE (Oryzae-
philus surinamensis) and CONFUSED FLOUR BEETLE (Tribolium
confusum) infestations were reported from many areas in 1955 crop
stored grain. Most infestations were associated with inadequately cleaned
storage facilities. However, increased interest was noted in cleaning of
bins and the use of bin sprays and fumigants.

Insect Predators
Large populations of LACEWINGS, SYRPHID FLIES AND LADY BEETLES
were associated with heavy aphid infestations.

SUMMARY OF INSECT CONDITIONS - 1955
SOUTH CAROLINA
Compiled by W. C. Nettles

Cotton Insects

Coastal section - The BOLL WEEVIL (Anthonomus grandis) infestation
was exceedingly high during 1955 with the intensity of the infestation
being about the same as that of 1953 and slightly less than that of 1950
which was one of the worst boll weevil years in the history of South
Carolina. Weather conditions during June, July and August were
extremely favorable for boll weevil development. Rainfall occurred on
12 days in June, 11 days in July, and 14 days in August, with a total
rainfall of 3.73, 7.48 and 4.31 inches, respectively, for these months.
The daily maximum temperature seldom went above 93°F. during these
months.

— AG

In seven experimental fields, gains in yields in plots treated with the
standard recommended insecticides over the untreated check plots
averaged 899 pounds of seed cotton per acre, ranging from 333 to 1640
pounds. ‘This might be considered a fairly accurate estimate of the
damage caused by the boll weevil. in the coastal section of South Carolina.
In localized areas of the coastal section of the State where recommended
control practices were not followed, heavy losses in yields were caused
by the BOLLWORM. SPIDER MITE infestations were light throughout
the season with only a few fields in the coastal section having infestations
during the summer sufficient to justify control measures.

Piedmont section - THRIPS caused considerable ragging of cotton during
May and June. Striking differences were noted between treated and
untreated adjacent areas. Although initial BOLL WEEVIL infestations
were much lighter than in the coastal area towards the latter part of the
season, well-fertilized cotton which continued to grow for a long period
sustained heavy losses in localized areas. All in all, the highest per-
acre yields of cotton ever recorded were made in the Piedmont during
1955. Many of the counties averaged a bale or more per acre.

‘Tobacco Insects

The TOBACCO FLEA BEETLE (Epitrix hirtipennis) was the most
important insect pest of tobacco during the season. The infestation was
as severe as during 1938 and 1951 which were outbreak years. The
beetles appeared soon after the plants were transplanted to the fields

and caused considerable damage at this time; however, the most
important damage occurred as the tobacco was ripening and being
harvested. While severe losses occurred in many fields, the use of
effective insecticides paid high dividends. GREEN PEACH APHID
(Myzus persicae) was not especially troublesome in plant beds, but it
appeared in fields when the plants were small and with a favorable

season prevailing it continued to feed on the plants throughout June.
TOBACCO HORNWORM (Protoparce sexta) is an important pest of
tobacco every year. However, the 1955 population was a little below
normal and the use of effective insecticides for its control was probably
the reason why it was not considered as serious as in some former years.
Reports of TOBACCO WIREWORM (Conoderus vespertinus) were not as
widespread as in 1953, but growers-in several localities replanted

entire fields because of wireworm damage. A LOOPER,presumably the
CABBAGE LOOPER (Trichoplusia ni),occurred on tobacco in outbreak
numbers in parts of Williamsburg and Horry Counties. It was present in
small numbers on a large number of farms in Florence County when the
plants were full-grown. Ordinarily, TOBACCO BUDWORM (Heliothis
virescens) is a serious pest of tobacco every year. During the past
season, however, it was present in fewer numbers than during any season
since 1936. On the other hand, the CORN EARWORM (Heliothis zea)
appeared in unusually large numbers on the flowering heads and suckers of
tobacco during the latter part of the season. VEGETABLE WEEVIL
(Listroderes costirostris obliquus) larvae appeared on plants in tobacco
plant beds during February which is unusually early. The adults appeared
on field plants in fairly large numbers in April and May. A severe

Ace

infestation of POTATO TUBERWORM (Gnorimoschema operculella) was
reported from Hemingway during May.- Local infestations occur in the
State practically every year. GRASSHOPPERS were above normal in
abundance and growers made several applications of insecticides for
their control. CUTWORMS were above normal in abundance, varying
from light to isolated cases of severe injury.

Vegetable Insects
Charleston area - CATERPILLARS on cole crops: The CABBAGE

LOOPER was quite difficult to control and caused extensive damage. The
IMPORTED CABBAGEWORM (Pieris rapae) was moderately injurious
and some damage was done by the DIAMOND-BACK MOTH (Plutella
maculipennis), CORN EARWORM, CABBAGE WEBWORM (Hellula
rogatalis) and several species of CUTWORMS. The CABBAGE APHID
(Brevicoryne brassicae) was lightly to moderately injurious to spring-
crop cabbage, but not as abundant as in several preceding years. The
TURNIP APHID (Rhopalosiphum pseudobrassicae) was moderately
injurious to cabbage plant beds and to turnips; the GREEN PEACH
APHID (Myzus persicae) lightly to moderately injurious to potatoes,
tomatoes, and cole crops and moderately to seriously injurious to spinach;
and the POTATO APHID (Macrosiphum solanifolii) was slightly to
moderately injurious to potatoes and tomatoes. VEGETABLE WEEVIL
(Listroderes costirostris obliquus) caused considerable damage to
turnips, mustard and spinach and some injury to cabbage during
February and March. Damage apparently increasing. Light to moderate
infestations of COLORADO POTATO BEETLE (Leptinotarsa decemlineata)
appeared in extensive potato plantings, but was checked by insecticides.
WIREWORMS were responsible for some 14 percent of spring-crop Irish
potatoes being ineligible to U. S. Grade No. 1, in spite of extensive use
of soil insecticides. An average of 20 percent of tubers from untreated
experimental plots showed injury, 4.4 percent regarded by inspectors
as being "damaged." Losses to growers in coastal South Carolina,
including cost of control measures, were estimated at about $116, 000 in
1955. The most abundant species, Conoderus vagus was more difficult
to control than heretofore. GULF WIREWORM (C. amplicollis) was
next most abundant but more readily controlled... MEXICAN BEAN
BEETLE infestations were generally light. Moderate infestations of
ONION THRIPS (Thrips tabaci) appeared on onions, cucumbers,
cantaloupes, and watermelons during dry spell in April and May. SEED-
CORN MAGGOT (Hylemya cilicrura) caused considerable injury to
sprouting snap beans in Soils containing decaying vegetation. CORN
EARWORM (Heliothis zea) was moderately injurious to tomatoes, sweet
corn, cabbage and beans. PICKLEWORM (Diaphania nitidalis) infested
34 percent of the cucumbers and 69 percent of the cantaloupes produced
on untreated plots, Extensive and successful control measures were
used on commercial plantings of cucurbits. Several species of
CUTWORMS including GRANULATE CUTWORM (Feltia subterranea) and
BLACK CUTWORM (Agrotis ypsilon) caused moderate injury to variety of
crops. LEAF MINERS, apparently chiefly SERPENTINE LEAF MINER
(Liriomyza sp. ),were light to moderate in numbers on tomatoes during
spring and on cucumbers and cantaloupes in fall. They are apparently

~ AQ. =

increasing in area. LESSER CORNSTALK BORER (Elasmopalpus
lignosellus) caused some injury to snap beans during August, but was
much less destructive than in 1954. HORNWORM (Protoparce sp.)
caused considerable damage to fall-crop tomatoes. BANDED CUCUMBER
BEETLE (Diabrotica balteata) and STRIPED CUCUMBER BEETLE
(Acalymma vittata) did considerable injury to young cucurbits and cabbage
during fall. In the coastal area and in the Piedmont the same insects
were damaging to vegetable crops. One of the noteworthy instances was
that of the CUTWORMS to watermelons. PICKLEWORM damage to fall
cantaloupes was appreciable wherever they were grown as was the
TOMATO FRUITWORM on Piedmont tomatoes.

Corn Insects

CORN EFARWORM was the number one offender and BILLBUG continued
to damage corn in the Pee Dee area and a number of the reports came
from the area between the Santee and Savannah River. CHINCH BUGS
caused unusually severe damage to corn not only in the so-called grass
belt of South Carolina but also in the Pee Dee area.

Forage Crops

FALL ARMYWORM (Laphyqma frugiperda) damage to corn, pastures and
other forage crops was much less than usual. ARMYWORM (peeudalena
unipuncta) caused less damage than in years past. THREE-CORNERED
ALFALFA HOPPER on alfalfa caused damage in a number of locations in
the Piedmont. Larvae of the GREEN JUNE BEETLE (Cotinis nitida)
caused less damage than in the past to such crops as alfalfa and newly-
seeded pasture. The CLOVER LEAF WEEVIL (Hypera punctata) was
locally \damaging to alfalfa in Newberry County. On sorghums and.
Sudan grasses severe damage was inflicted by the CHINCH BUG (Blissus
leucopterus) and A CLOVER MIDGE was very damaging to the seed
heads of grain sorghums.

Insects of Forest and Shade Trees

Several species of IPS BEETLES caused considerable monetary loss and
were much above average in destructiveness. SOUTHERN PINE BEETLE
(Dendroctonus frontalis) was locally destructive to pine during year.
BLACK TURPENTINE BEETLE (Dendroctonus terebrans) was damaging
especially to ornamental pines.

Ornamental Insects

BAGWORMS were severe on arborvitae. Greater than average number of
specimens of WAX SCALE was sent in from camellia. Greater than usual
number of specimens of COTTONY-CUSHION SCALE (Icerya purchasi)
submitted. SPIDER MITES were heavy on boxwood and other ornamental
plants. MIMOSA WEBWORM (Homadaula albizziae) was reported on
mimosa trees. HOLLY LEAF MINER was present in restricted localities.

PE ey Owes

Insects of Fruits and Nuts

PEACH TREE BORER (Sanninoidea exitiosa) damage appears to have
increased in some orchards. ‘The absence of the entire crop of peaches
is a result of the cold, and this doubtless affected the CURCULIO
population. CODLING MOTH (Carpocapsa pomonella) and APHIDS of
apples caused damage in a few isolated orchards where crop was set.
SCALE INSECTS were much below average on both apple and peach
orchards.

Stored Products Insects

ANGOUMOIS GRAIN MOTH (Sitotroga cerealella) was numerous in stored
grain and corn. RICE WEEVIL (Sitophilus oryza) was at a low ebb on
small grain but showed a tendency to build up, especially in the coastal
areas on corn. "BRANBUGS" were very numerous in stored grain.

Soybean Insects
CORN EARWORM damaged pods and VELVETBEAN CATERPILLAR

(Anticarsia gemmatilis) caused very slight damage during the season.

Insects Affecting Man and Animal

HORN FLY (Siphona irritans) , especially in the coastal area, appeared
to be somewhat more numerous than in several dry years just past.
Less than the usual number of complaints of HORSE FLIES were
received.

(SEE

UNITED STATES DEF
AGRICULTURAL
PLANT PEST

TO COOPERATORS:

THIS MAP 1S BASED UPON THE RESULTS OF COOPERATIVE GRASSHOPPE
THE SURVEYS REVEAL WHERE, HOW MANY, AND WHAT KINDS OF GRASSH
INFESTATIONS FOR 1956. NYMPHAL SURVEYS, MADE EACH SPRING IM
GRASSHOPPER POPULATIONS WHICH WILL WARRANT CONTROL THAT GROW

SURVEYS ARE PLANNED AND PERFORMED WITH PARTICIPATING STATES,
TURAL RESEARCH SERVICE. THE SURVEY INFORMATION IS USED BY F
PERSONNEL, DEALERS IN INSECTICIDES AND EQUIPMENT, AND THOSE

EXECUTING TIMELY, ECONOMICAL, AND EFFECTIVE CONTROL PROGRAMS
HOPPER PROBLEM IN THE INFESTED STATES.

THE INFESTATION ON CROPLANDS SHOWN ON THE MAP IN STIPPLING |}
WILL BE HANDLED BY THE FARMERS WITH TECHNICAL ASSISTANCE FR
WHICH 1S TABULATED BELOW, 1S MORE WIDESPREAD AND SEVERE IN T
SHOWN ON THE MAP IN SOLID COLORS TOTAL 20,220,870 ACRES IN 1

POTENTIAL RANGELAND GRASSHOPPE

pisses ne
PRIVATE TOTAL
STATE et ACRES
ARIZONA 130,000 . 140,00
CALIFORNIA | 1,2 39130 1,309,75
CoLoRADO 706,200 770,00
| DAHO 15,400 112,00
KANSAS 1,198,000 1,198,00
Missour| = LOO
MONTANA 807 , 000 1,354,00
NEBRASKA 1,000, 000 1, 000,00

DETAILED INFORMATION CONCERNING THE GRASSHOPPER PROBLEM IN
COUNTY AGENTS, AND GRASSHOPPER CONTROL PROJECT PERSONNEL.

i
ih

GRASSHOPPER OUTLOOK-1956

BASED ON THE 1955 SURVEYS

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— ld & SAF SO UNITED STATIS DIEPARTHORNT OF AGRICULTURE, AKS. PLANT FIT CONTROL RKANCH,
CRASBHOPPER CONTROL PROJECT, NOVEMMIK 0, 106

GPO 838379

ARTMENT OF AGRICULTURE
RESEARCH SERVICE
CONTROL BRANCH

R ADULT AND EGG SURVEYS MADE DURING THE LATE SUMMER AND FALL OF 1955,
OPPERS INFEST AN AREA AND INDICATE THE POTENTIAL SEVERITY OF GRASSHOPPER
MEDIATELY BEFORE THE ONSET OF CONTROL WORK, PROVIDE THE FINAL INDEX OF
ING SEASON.

BY THE GRASSHOPPER CONTROL PROJECT, PLANT PEST CONTROL BRANCH, AGRICUL-
ARMERS, RANCHERS, COUNTY AND STATE AGENCIES, FEDERAL LAND MANAGEMENT
DIRECTLY CHARGED WITH GRASSHOPPER CONTROL AS A BASIS FOR PLANNING AND
. THE MAP, "GRASSHOPPER OUTLOOK - 1956", REFLECTS THE POTENTIAL GRASS-

S GENERALLY MORE THREATENING THAN IT WAS IN 1955. CONTROL ON THOSE LANDS
OM PROJECT AND STATE PERSONNEL. THE PROBABLE 1956 RANGELAND INFESTATION,
HE SOUTHWEST THAN AT ANY TIME IN RECENT YEARS. THE INFESTED RANGE AREAS

6 WESTERN STATES.

R CONTROL PROBLEM ACREAGE By STATES - 1956

LANDOWNERSHIP = ACRES

STATE PRIVATE PUBLIC

& STATE DOMAIN
0 NEVADA 16,700 3,600 20, 300
0 New Mexico | 2,103,970 697, 370 2,801, 340
0 OKLAHOMA 1,944,000 - 1,944,000
0 OREGON 387, 800 35, 000 422,800
0 TEXAS 8,747,000 - 8,747,000
0 UTAH - 50, 000 50,000
0 WASHINGTON 37,000 , 000 40,000
0 WYOMING 154,200 146,400 300,600

SPECIFIC AREAS OR STATES CAN BE OBTAINED FROM STATE PEST CONTROL OFFICIALS,

GRASSHOPPER CONTROL PROJECT
DENVER FEDERAL CENTER, DENVER, COLORADO

November 30, 1955

UNITED STATES DEPARTMENT OF AGRICULTURE
AGRICULTURAL RESEARCH SERVICE
PLANT Pest ConTROL BRANCH

TO COOPERATORS:

THIS MAP 1S BASED UPON THE RESULTS OF COOPERATIVE GRASSHOPPER ADULT AND EGG SURVEYS MADE DURING THE LATE SUMMER AND FALL oF 1955.
THE SURVEYS REVEAL WHERE, HOW MANY, AND WHAT KINDS OF GRASSHOPPERS INFEST AN AREA AND INDICATE THE POTENTIAL SEVERITY OF GRASSHOPPER
INFESTATIONS FOR 1956. NYMPHAL SURVEYS, MADE EACH SPRING IMMEDIATELY BEFORE THE ONSET OF CONTROL WORK, PROVIDE THE FINAL INDEX OF
GRASSHOPPER POPULATIONS WHICH WILL WARRANT CONTROL THAT GROWING SEASON.

SURVEYS ARE PLANNED AND PERFORMED WITH PARTICIPATING STATES, BY THE GRASSHOPPER CONTROL PROvECT, PLANT PEST CONTROL BRANCH, AGRICUL-
TURAL RESEARCH SERVICE. THE SURVEY INFORMATION IS USED BY FARMERS, RANCHERS, COUNTY AND STATE AGENCIES, FEDERAL LAND MANAGEMENT
PERSONNEL, DEALERS IN INSECTICIDES AND EQUIPMENT, AND THOSE DIRECTLY CHARGED WITH GRASSHOPPER CONTROL AS A BASIS FOR PLANNING AND
EXECUTING TIMELY, ECONOMICAL, AND EFFECTIVE CONTROL PROGRAMS. THE MAP, "GRASSHOPPER OUTLOOK = 1956", REFLECTS THE POTENTIAL GRASS=
HOPPER PROBLEM IN THE INFESTED STATES.

THE INFESTATION ON CROPLANDS SHOWN ON THE MAP IN STIPPLING 1S GENERALLY MORE THREATENING THAN IT WAS IN 1955. CONTROL ON THOSE LANDS
WILL BE HANDLED BY THE FARMERS WITH TECHNICAL ASSISTANCE FROM PROJECT AND STATE PERSONNEL. THE PROBABLE 1956 RANGELAND INFESTATION,
WHICH 1S TABULATED BELOW, 1S MORE WIDESPREAD AND SEVERE IN THE SOUTHWEST THAN AT ANY TIME IN RECENT YEARS. THE INFESTED RANGE AREAS
SHOWN ON THE MAP IN SOLID COLORS TOTAL 20,220,870 ACRES IN 16 WESTERN STATES.

POTENTIAL RANGELAND GRASSHOPPER CONTROL PROBLEM ACREAGE By STATES - 1956

LANDOWNERSHIP = ACRES
PRIVATE PRIVATE PUBLIC
STATE = & STATE DOMA LN
0,000 : NEVADA 16,700 3,600
39130 New Mexico | 2,103,970 697,370
?

ARIZONA 1

CALIFORNIA eZ

CoLorRADO 70
]

200 OKLAHOMA 1,944, 000 -
|DAHO ,400 112,000 OREGON 387 , 800 35,000
KANSAS 1,198, 000 1,198,000 TEXAS 8,747,000 =
Missourt 9 - Yee UTAH spent ri
MONTANA 07, 000 1,354,000 WASHINGTON , '
NEBRASKA 1,000, 000 1,000,000 || wyomine 154,200 | 148,400

1ALS
DETAILED INFORMATION CONCERNING THE GRASSHOPPER PROBLEM IN SPECIFIC AREAS OR STATES CAN BE OBTAINED FROM STATE PEST CONTROL OFFIC !
COUNTY AGENTS, AND GRASSHOPPER CONTROL PROJECT PERSONNEL.

GRASSHOPPER CONTROL PROJECT
DENVER FEDERAL CENTER, DENVER, COLORADO

November 30, 1955

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AGRICULTURAL RESEARCH SERVICE

PLANT PEST CONTROL BRANCH

ECONOMIC INSECT SURVEY SECTION

The Cooperative Economic Insect Report is
Issued weekly as a service to American Agri-
culture. Its contentsare compiled from informa-
tion supplied by cooperating State, Federal, and
industrial entomologists and other agricultural
workers. In releasing this material the Branch
serves as a clearing house and does not assume

responsibility for accuracy of the material.

Reports and inquiries pertaining to this release
should be mailed to:

Economic Insect Survey Section
Plant Pest Control Branch
Agricultural Research Service
United States Department of Agriculture
Washington 25, D. C.

Volume 6 January 27, 1956 No. 4
COOPERATIVE ECONOMIC INSECT REPORT
Highlights of Insect Conditions

SPOTTED ALFALFA APHID infestations from light to heavy in
Riverside and Tulare Counties, California; abundant in some fields in
Maricopa and Pinal Counties, Arizona; and have reached economic
proportions in some areas of southwestern Arkansas. (p. 53).

BOLL WEEVIL hibernation survey in Arkansas shows higher counts
than last year. (p. 56).

Distribution of APPLE MAGGOT in United States (map). (p. 55).

SUMMARY OF INSECT CONDITIONS - 1955 - Arizona (p. 60),
Louisiana (p. 65 ), Oklahoma (p. 68).

FE AE KE A A IS A AE AE AE ES AE AE AS FE AS OK IE AE OK AE 2K KK FE OK OE EE EE KE KO OK AE OK KK

Reports in this issue are for the week ending January 20, 1956, unless
otherwise designated.

Slap)
WEATHER FOR THE WEEK ENDING JANUARY 238, 1956

Precipitation occurred over the entire Nation, except in a few isolated
areas, although generally light in the northern and western plains.

This was the first week since early December that substantial
precipitation fell in the South and southeastern portion of the Great Plains.
Arctic air continued to drain into the north-central portion of the country
from Canada. This cold air mass extended influences to the Gulf and

the East Coast. Average temperatures departed from normal by -20°

in eastern South Dakota and Nebraska, and by -18° at Wichita Falls,
Texas. In the eastern part of North Dakota, the maximum daily
temperatures were below zero most of the week. On January 18,

Oberlin recorded the coldest Kansas temperature for this winter's season,
a -12°. Sections of the country experiencing average temperatures

above normal were the New England States and the region west of the
Continental Divide. The highest average weekly departures were +14°

at Caribou, Maine and a +13° at Grand Junction, Colorado.

Moderate to heavy precipitation again fell in the Northwest from the
Pacific Coast eastward to the Continental Divide. Moderate to heavy
falls were also recorded in a large area in the Southeast - westward
to central Texas, northward to central Ohio, and along the East Coast
up to southern Maine. Mobile, Alabama, and other Gulf coastal areas
experienced heavy amounts on Wednesday and during the latter part of
the period from Gulf frontal systems which developed between contrasting
air masses. The central and western Great Plains drought areas
received light to moderate snow with the passage of low centers which
originated in the Pacific. This additional moisture should temporarily
ease the deterioration of small grains.

Cold temperatures caused most of the precipitation in the northern and
eastern two-thirds of the Nation to fall as snow and also caused the snow
to be held on the ground throughout the period. In extreme northern
areas the depth did not change substantially. However, the snow cover
now extends farther south, reaching into New Jersey, West Virginia,
Kentucky, Missouri and Kansas. The highest depth reported for
non-mountainous areas is 26 inches at Duluth, Minn., while depths at
some of the mountain stations in the West are as follows: 87 inches at
Twin Lakes, Calif., 125 inches at Crater Lake, Oreg., and in
Washington 199 inches at Mount Baker Lodge, 179 inches at Paradise
Ranger Station (Mt. Ranier) and 156 inches at Stevens Pass. (Summary
Supplied by U. S. Weather Bureau).

= 58 =
CEREAL AND FORAGE INSECTS

WINTER GRAIN MITES - TEXAS - Reports indicate a. build-up in north
Texas areas. (Cleveland, Ashdown, Daniels, Davis, Jan. 13).

EUROPEAN CORN BORER (Pyrausta nubilalis) - ARKANSAS -
Examinations of corn fields known to be infested in Mississippi County
showed 0-25 larvae per 100 stalks. About 20 percent of larvae were
dead. (Warren, Jan. 14).

SPOTTED ALFALFA APHID - CALIFORNIA - Heavy infestation in

200 acres of alfalfa in the desert area of San Diego County. Widespread,
but not serious, in other sections of county. About 220 acres treated in
December. Populations trace to heavy in Riverside County and light

to heavy in Tulare County. Light infestation near Panoche, San Benito
County, November 9. First record for county. (Cal. Coop. Rept.,

Jan. 13). ARIZONA - Abundant in scattered alfalfa fields in Maricopa
and Pinal Counties Jan. 13-14. Particularly abundant in some fields
overplanted with barley being grazed by livestock. (Ariz. Coop. Rept. ).
ARKANSAS - Infestations in Red River bottoms of southwestern area
have reached economic proportions. (Warren, Jan. 14).

LYGUS BUGS - ARIZONA - Abundant in one field at Goodyear, Maricopa
County and adults present in many alfalfa fields in Maricopa and Pinal:
Counties. (Ariz. Coop. Rept. ).

A LEAF ROLLER (Platynota stultana) - ARIZONA - Larvae active on
alfalfa at Buckeye, Jan. 13. (Ariz. Coop. Rept. ).

FALSE CHINCH BUG (Nysius ericae) - TEXAS - Heavy local infestations
on alfalfa and wild mustard in Dimmitt County. (Richardson).

COWPEA APHID (Aphis medicaginis) - ARIZONA - Clustered on
terminals of alfalfa at Eloy, Pinal County, Jan. 14. (Ariz. Coop. Rept. ).

EGYPTIAN ALFALFA WEEVIL (Hypera brunneipennis) - ARIZONA -
oe active on alfalfa in area south of Phoenix, Jan. 14. (Ariz. Coop.
Rept. ).

TRUCK CROP INSECTS

BEET ARMYWORM (Laphygma exigua) - TEXAS - Light infestations on
spinach in Winter Garden area. (Richardson).

APHIDS - TEXAS - Aphids, probably Rhopalosiphum pseudobrassicae
infestations light on turnips in Crystal City area. (Richardson). -

POTATO APHID (Macrosiphum solanifolii) - DELAWARE - Injuring
greenhouse tomatoes at Smyrna. (Milliron).

By a

Sweetpotato Weevil Situation, December, 1955

During month, 408 new infestations found in the following areas:
Alabama, 37, including the new counties of Houston and Geneva;
Florida, 162, including new counties of Gulf, Franklin and Bay;
Georgia, 63 including new county of Laurens; Louisiana, 97; and
Mississippi, 49, including new county of Oktibbeha. During a three-
month period of survey, the total number of infestations increased by
about one-third. (Sweetpotato Weevil Prog. Rept. ).

FRUIT INSECTS

Citrus Insect Situation, California, as of January 13

A MITE (Eotetranychus yumensis) light to heavy on tangerines and
grapefruit in Coachella Valley, Riverside County. CITRICOLA SCALE
light to medium on citrus in Tulare County. SOFT SCALE light to
severe on Citrus in Tulare County. Some parasites observed.
COTTONY-CUSHION SCALE infestations light to heavy in citrus and on
ornamentals in Tulare County. VEDALIA active some orchards. (Cal.
Coop. Rept. ).

OLIVE SCALE (Parlatoria oleae) - CALIFORNIA - Medium to heavy
infestations in deciduous fruit orchards in Tulare County. (Cal.
Coops Rept... jane. 13):

OLEANDER SCALE (Aspidiotus hederae) - CALIFORNIA - Medium
infestations in olive orchards in Tulare County. (Cal. Coop. Rept.,
Jan. 18).

BLACK SCALE (Saissetia oleae) - CALIFORNIA - Medium infestations
in olive orchards in Tulare County. (Cal. Coop. Rept., Jan. 13).

GRAPE MEALYBUG (Pseudococcus maritimus) - CALIFORNIA - Heavy
infestations in vineyards in Tulare County. (Cal. Coop. Rept., Jan. 13).

AMERICAN PLUM BORER (Euzophera semifuneralis) - TEXAS - Light
infestations on young peach trees in Stephenville area. (Denman). Light
infestations on pecan trees in Glasscock County. (Werst).

Distribution of Apple Maggot

The map on the opposite page shows the known distribution of apple
maggot or blueberry maggot (Rhagoletis pomonella) in the United States
according to State reports and Agricultural Research Service records.
In obtaining the data, an inquiry was sent to each State Clearing House.
Replies have been received from 46 States. The distribution is based on
actual records insofar as possible.

=) 550

Splooed Syy Worf pue OG6T

Arenuere 04 peateoer sqi0des

e4eyg WoIZ peTtdwoo dey

gsetAzenuer ‘ydsn ‘suv
Odd ‘uonoag Aaarng yoasuy
oymouooy Aq paredaid dey

S3LVLS GALINA 3HL NI (WsNOWos STTSTOSYAY) LODOWW 3 ddv

JO NOILNEIYLSIG

= 562
COTTON INSECTS

Boll Weevil Hibernation Counts

ARKANSAS - An average of 866 weevils per acre of ground trash has
been recovered compared with 224 weevils per acre in 1954-55. Counts
were made from 84 samplings in four counties. Counts by county were
Chicot, 423 weevils per acre; Hempstead, 2688 weevils per acre and
none for Pope and Franklin Counties. (Warren, Jan. 14).

Pink Bollworm Situation, January 1-10

CALIFORNIA - Inspection of Z50t bushels of gin trash in Imperial and
Riverside Counties failed to show an infestation. (Cal. Coop. Rept.,
Jan. 13). Inspection of surface debris from 129 fields in 19 counties
of TEXAS showed 42 fields infested. No live bollworms found in one
county samples in OKLAHOMA. Bolls from standing stalks from 17
fields of nine counties in northeastern area and two of western area
showed 12 fields infested at the rate of 8.5 live pink bollworms per 100
bolls. Lint cleaner inspections showed negative results in ARIZONA,
three pink bollworms in one inspection in Dona Ana and one larva in
one inspection in Luna County, NEW MEXICO, In TEXAS, pink
bollworms were found at the rate of 19 per lint-cleaner inspection of
123 inspections made in west Texas and the plains area. Gin stand
inspections of these areas in ten counties averaged seven pink bollworms
per inspection of 210 inspections made. (Pink Bollworm Cont. Prog. ).

FOREST, ORNAMENTAL AND SHADE TREE INSECTS

_S SS eee eee eee

PINE BARK APHID (Pineus strobi) - VIRGINIA - Eggs heavy on white
pines at one area in Franklin County. (Rowell, Tucker).

APHIDS ON PINE - ARKANSAS - About 8000 acres of pine in northern
Johnson County, infested heavily with an aphid, possibly pine leaf
aphid. Needles and terminals gummy with sap. (Warren, Jan. 14).

A THORNBUG (Umbonia crassicornis) - FLORIDA - Adults infesting
tamarind and pithecellobium at Miami, Dade County. (Dowling). Adults,
50 per stem, on powder puff tree (Calliandra sp. ) at Plant City,
Hillsborough County, Dec. 20, 1955 and 75 per stem at Limosa,
Hillsborough County, Jan. 3. (Pettigrew). Nymphs and adults averaged
50 per stem on pithecellobium at Miami, Dade County. Counts ranged
from 2-2000 per tree. Thousands infesting all pithecellobium trees
checked at Ojus, Dade County, mostly nymphs. Many on albizzia.
(Daigle, Dec. 29, 1955).

OLIVE SCALE (Parlatoria oleae) - CALIFORNIA - Heavy infestations on
hawthorn in San Joaquin County. (Cal. Coop. Rept., Jan. 18).

AN OAK SCALE (Cerococcus quercus) - CALIFORNIA - Heavy populations
on ve oak at Descanso in San Diego County. (Cal. Coop. Rept.,
Jan. 13).

aye

CYCLAMEN MITE (Steneotarsonemus pallidus) - MARYLAND -
Infesting annual garden balsam in greenhouse in Baltimore. (U. of
Md. Ent. Dept. ).

A SCALE (Asterolecanium arabidis) - CALIFORNIA - Heavy infestations
on a pittosporum in three areas of San Joaquin County. Hosts destroyed.
(CaleCoopyeRept.. dany 13):

AN ARMORED SCALE (Chrysomphalus lilacinus) - CALIFORNIA -
Recorded for second time in San Diego County and in California.
Found on native oak. (Cal. Coop. Rept., Jan. 18).

A PSYLLA (Psylla uncatoides) - CALIFORNIA - Heavy populations on
albizzia and acacia in some San Diego nurseries. (Cal. Coop. Rept.,
dasa is)

GREENHOUSE WHITEFLY (Trialeurodes vaporariorum) - CALIFORNIA -
Some heavy infestations on ornamentals in San Joaquin County. (Cal.
Coop. Rept., Jan. WS):

A SPITTLEBUG (Clastoptera arizonana) - CALIFORNIA - Feeding on
paloverde in cities in San Diego County. Some trees with heavy
infestations. (Cal. Coop. Rept., Jan. 13).

INSECTS AFFECTING MAN AND ANIMALS

CATTLE GRUBS - OKLAHOMA - Of 176 head of livestock inspected at
Oklahoma City stockyards, January 20, 55 percent had no grubs,

9 percent had 1-10 grubs, 22 percent had 11-20 and 14 percent had over
20. Grub count of 60 head of yearling steers in Osage County averaged
22 per animal. (Coppock). ARKANSAS - In 384 head of cattle examined
from six counties, grubs averaged 8.48 per animal. Bulls averaged
18.8 grubs per animal, cows averaged 5.02 and steers and heifers

1-2 years old averaged 9.11. (Warren, Lancaster, Jan. 14)
MARYLAND - Of 60 young beef animals examined on three farms in
Montgomery County, 49 were found infested with 1-16 grubs per animal,
and with an average of 4.0 per infested animal. (U. Md. Ent. Dept. ).

CATTLE LICE - ARKANSAS - Infestations generally light but some
reports of heavy infestations. (Warren, Jan. 14).

BLACK-LEGGED TICK (Ixodes scapularis) - ARKANSAS - Females and
partially engorged males on dogs in south central area. (Warren, Jan. 14).

HOUSE FLIES - ARIZONA - Flies, mainly Musca domestica, population
indices of two small towns in Maricopa and Pinal Counties: Average of
five highest grill counts in nine blocks for the week of Jan. 8-14 was

Si 4s M(Arize Coop. Rept.):

wOBOre
STORED PRODUCTS INSECTS

KHAPRA BEETLE (Trogoderma granarium) - CALIFORNIA - Light
infestation Dec. 15, 1955, in a warehouse and milling refuse in Napa,
Napa County. First record for county. (Cal. Coop. Rept., Jan. 13).

A GRAIN BEETLE (Aphanotus destructor) - CALIFORNIA - Found in
flour at National City, San Diego County, Jan. 3. Second report for
California. (Cal. Coop. Rept., Jan. 13).

AN OTITID (Chrysomyza demandata) - OKLAHOMA - Larvae being
reported from trench silos in many sections of the State. Thousands of
flies have emerged from a cubic foot of silage. (Howell).

BENEFICIAL INSECTS

LADY BEETLES - CALIFORNIA - Abundant coccinellids, mostly
Hippodamia convergens in desert alfalfa fields of San Diego County
but unable to handle aphid populations. (Cal. Coop. Rept., Jan. 13).
ARIZONA - H. convergens abundant in only a few alfalfa fields in
Maricopa and Pinal Counties, Jan. 13-14. (Ariz. Coop. Rept. ).

LACEWINGS - ARIZONA - In complex with nabids, the most common
beneficial insects in alfalfa fields in Maricopa and Pinal Counties,
Jan. 13-145) (Ariz Coops Nepra):

AN ANTHOCORID (Xylocoris flavipes) - ARIZONA - Nymphs and adults

in barley infested with khapra beetle at Phoenix. Found at depths of

fee and 25 feet from the walls. (Det. R. I. Sailer) (Ariz. Coop.
ept. ).

A BETHYLID (Cephalonomia waterstoni) - ARIZONA - In complex witha

pteromalid (Anisopteromalus calandrae) taken deep in milo bin at
Phoenix. Mixed eSaen of grain pests so undetermined whether
parasites of khapra beetle. (Ariz. Coop. Rept. ).

MISCELLANEOUS INSECTS

PAVEMENT ANT (Tetramorium caespitum) - DELAWARE - Annoying
in office building utility room at Dover in early January. (Milliron).

Light Trap Collections
TEXAS - (cotleae Station, 1/16-19): Pseudaletia unipuncta, 57; Agrotis
ypsilon 2; Feltia subterranea, 2. ARKANSAS (Stuttgart, Dec. 8, 1955 ~
Jan. 1, 1956): P. unipuncta 23; A. ypsilon, 21. (Varner, Dec. 8, 1955 -
Jan. 4, 1956): P. unipuncta, 16; A. ypsilon, 23; Heliothis zea, 11.
ALABAMA (Auburn, 1714-20): P. unipuncta, 1.

Be)
RECENT INTERCEPTIONS AT PORTS OF ENTRY

Of unusual interest was the recent interception of 2 living lepidopterous
larvae, identified as Glyphodes pyloalis (W1k. ) on mulberry leaves in
airplane baggage from Japan at Honolulu T. H. (Crockett). This insect
has been reported injurious to mulberry in parts of the Orient. In
Japan and Formosa, it is considered one of the most serious pests of
mulberry. It is said to occur also in Burma, China, Ceylon and India.
Observations on its life history in Japan indicate hibernation occurs as
full-grown larvae in cocoons in soil or crevices in the bark. Adults
appear in May. Eggs are deposited on lower surfaces of leaves. The
eggs hatch in 5 to 6 days. The young larvae feed at first on the under
Side of the leaf, then fold the leaf. The number of generations a year
reported varies from four in Japan to ten in Formosa.

This appears to be the first interception record for G. pyloalis. Itis
not known to occur in the United States. (Compiled - Plant Quarantine

Branch).

RO)
SUMMARY OF INSECT CONDITIONS - 1955
ARIZONA
Reported by F. G. Werner

Cereal and Forage Insects
SPOTTED ALFALFA APHID during 1955 had reached many of the more

remote parts of the State, so that it now can probably be found wherever
alfalfa is grown. Locations have been added in Yavapai County, Mohave
County, Coconino County, Navajo County, Gila County and Greenlee
County. In some of these areas it has caused severe damage to limited
plantings. In the principal growing areas the general picture early in
the season was of a fairly static population, followed by general and
continued increase from mid-March until hot weather set in, alates
starting to appear in numbers by mid-March. A general, rapid decrease
was reported in these areas between early May and early July. This
decrease coincided with the development of large populations of
CONVERGENT LADY BEETLE (Hippodamia convergens). In all areas
scattered light to medium infestations occurred throughout the summer,
and particularly in the higher elevations of Cochise County. Increase in
the fall seems again to have been related to lowering temperatures.
First reports by counties of high populations are: Greenlee, Sept. 10,
Pima, Sept. 30, Maricopa, Oct. 10-20, Yuma, Oct. 15. No parasites
were observed on this aphid in 1955. Collops adults, lacewing larvae,
syrphid larvae and a predaceous mite were observed feeding on the
aphids but apparently never became abundant enough to control it
effectively. Late in the summer fungi were reported from Yuma and
Maricopa Counties and these apparently were a factor in keeping
populations down. Hippodamia convergens appears to be the most
important predator and it seems able to reduce a heavy infestation when
the weather is warm enough for it to develop rapidly.

PEA APHID (Macrosiphum pisi) on alfalfa in general seems still to be
over-shadowed by the spotted alfalfa aphid. Some damage was reported
at Yuma April 15 and populations occurred on alfalfa in about equal
numbers with spotted alfalfa aphid at Marana September 29. Possibly,
the less striking damage caused by this species is now being overlooked.
EGYPTIAN ALFALFA WEEVIL (Hypera brunneipennis) was rare or absent
in general on alfalfa in the Yuma area in 1956. fa Maricopa County the
infestation was quite heavy and general, averaging 1 to 2 per sweep in
heaviest fields from about March 14 to April 1. A SERPENTINE LEAF
MINER (Liriomyza sp.) caused unusually heavy and extensive damage to
alfalfa in Yuma, Maricopa and Pima Counties. Damage in the Salt River
Valley is reported as the most severe in 21 years of observation.
LEPIDOPTEROUS LARVAE (alfalfa caterpillar, Prodenia sp., salt-
marsh caterpillar and Platynota stultana) combined were worse on alfalfa
in the Salt River Valley than in many years, in August particularly.
Alfalfa caterpillar was also serious at Yuma and in Pinal and Pima
Counties. Platynota stultana was especially abundant in the western part
of the Salt River Valley and at Theba; some fields being defoliated.

Lei

The same insect was abundant in some parts of the Yuma area toward

the end of May and became abundant enough in late summer to Stop a few
growers from making a seed crop. CORN EARWORM (Heliothis zea)

was reported as severe on 100 acres of alfalfa at Bowie June 27, at

20 per 100 sweeps in Graham County June 10 and 45 per 100 sweeps in
Maricopa County August 26. What appears to be a related species
(Heliothis sp.), like the one reported from cotton in Pima County, was
very abundant on alfalfa at Yuma, and this or the true bollworm

averaged up to 2 per sweep early in October, particularly in seed fields.
CLOVER SEED CHALCID (Bruchophaqus gibbus) adults began to emerge
from 1954 alfalfa seeds at Yuma April 17, later than in 1954. Seed
samples indicated a very high infestation at Yuma July 15 and 3 to 5 per
sweep occurred in late seed fields Aug. 24. Large numbers again appear-
ed in seed samples during the first 2 weeks of October. In general the
damage to the seed crop at Yuma seems to have been less than last year,
possibly due to a buildup of parasites or to the heavier insecticide
program necessitated by the spotted alfalfa aphid and stink bug infestations.
STINK BUGS in general did not reach high populations in alfalfa areas in
1955. However, SAY STINK BUG (Chlorochroa sayi) became quite
abundant at Yuma early in June on maturing border plants and was a
serious pest of seed alfalfa during most of the season, a peak of 4 to 5 per
sweep being reached in early October in a few fields. A periodic
insecticide program was necessary in this region for seed production.

LYGUS BUGS (mainly Lygus hesperus) became very abundant on alfalfa

in western Maricopa County by April; 7 per sweep in one field. Heavy
populations remained at least into August. In the Yuma area lygus bugs
were less abundant than usual in June and built up less than normally
during the season. Large numbers were reported from the Safford area
early in June and from Eloy and Coolidge toward the end of September.
THREE-CORNERED ALFALFA HOPPER (Spissistilus festinus) was
reported in subnormal numbers on alfalfa from Yuma, Maricopa, Pinal
and Pima Counties in June. There was a sharp increase in all areas
following the start of summer rains, with populations remaining high

into September and October. They ended up the summer season more
abundant than usual, with high counts of 6 to 10 per sweep. A complex

of GRASSHOPPERS was abundant on alfalfa at Theba at the end of
September but there were no other reports of serious numbers of
grasshoppers on alfalfa during the year. CLOVER MITE (Bryobia
praetiosa) and lesser numbers of BROWN WHEAT MITE (Petrobia latens)
reached economic numbers in some alfalfa on Yuma Mesa early in April.
Heavy damage was reported from one or both species at Hassayampa
April 22, and scattered heavy infestations of brown wheat mite in the

Salt River Valley in March. ENGLISH GRAIN APHID (Rhopalosiphum
granarium) occurred in scattered heavy infestations in Maricopa and Pinal
Counties on wheat, barley and oats. CORN LEAF APHID (Rhopalosiphum
maidis) in general was light on sorghum in 1955. SOUTHWESTERN CORN
BORER (Diatraea grandiosella) was quite abundant on corn in the Salt
River Valley during June and into the early part of July; reports of as
many as 1/3 of the stalks in a field infested. LESSER CORNSTALK BORER
(Elasmopalpus lignosellus) apparently built up on sorghum in the Salt

=) Ee

River Valley; one report of 10 percent of the stalks infested. CORN
EARWORM (Heliothis zea) was normally serious on corn and sweet
corn. A heavy infestation is the rule rather than the exception. A
complex of LEPIDOPTEROUS LARVAE (Heliothis sp. and Laphygma
frugiperda) was reported as damaging whorls of sweet corn in Avra
Valley in early June. This was an unusually heavy infestation.

DESERT CORN FLEA BEETLE (Chaetocnema ectypa) occurred in
scattered light to medium infestations on corn and sorghum in Yuma and
Maricopa Counties.

Range Insects

A WHITE GRUB (Phyllophaga) caused damage to grass on 10, 000 acres

of range land at Seligman. GRASSHOPPERS (Melanoplus mexicanus and
M. bivittatus and Camnula pellucida) were in local outbreak numbers in
the Alpine-Nutriosa area in mid-June, with about 100 acres severely

infested. Trimerotropis pallidipennis pallidipennis averaged 10-15 per
square yard on at least 2000 acres near Scottsdale April 1.

Fruit Insects

A MITE (Eotetranychus yumensis) was abundant on grapefruit at Yuma
last of February; noticeable damage at many groves April 10; general

on Yuma Mesa May.4. On July 8 citrus, especially lemon, showed
effects of a heavy infestation at Yuma. THRIPS were light on citrus

in Yuma area in April but became more abundant in some groves in

May and again in October. At Mesa populations showed a sharp increase
in early April, with a gradual decrease during summer. GREEN PEACH
APHID (Myzus persicae) was light to very heavy on citrus at Mesa during
first part of May, apparently the worst infestation in many years. Other
species on citrus at the same time were Aphis medicaginis and

A. gossypii. COTTONY-CUSHION SCALE (Icerya purchasi) developed
into a Severe local infestation at Yuma during September and October but
was readily controlled with vedalia beetles. CALIFORNIA RED SCALE
(Aonidiella aurantii) was found in light to moderate dooryard infestation
at Glendale in March, a carryover from an infestation during 1953-54.
CLOVER MITE (Bryobia sp.) was severe on all unsprayed apple trees in
Oak Creek Canyon during April and May and general in Apache County
during June, though often not in damaging numbers. WOOLLY APPLE
APHID (Eriosoma lanigerum) occurred on most apple trees from Elfrida
to Willcox in June. This is the first year this species has been seen in
the area. SPIDER MITES were average to severe in Oak Creek Canyon
on apples in July. Cool weather kept the populations down in general.
BLACK-MARGINED APHID (Monellia costalis) reached normally high
populations in pecan in Maricopa County in October, causing early
defoliation.

Truck Crop Insects

APHIDS (Macrosiphum barri and Myzus persicae) were very numerous on
lettuce in the Salt River Valley in early March. GREEN PEACH APHID
occurred on 10 percent of lettuce plants in Yuma Valley March 1.
CABBAGE LOOPER (Trichoplusia ni) was moderate on lettuce at Phoenix
February 25, light to heavy in the Salt River Valley in early April and

2163

continued in lesser numbers into May. This insect was severe in all
untreated lettuce fields in Maricopa County again in late September and
severe at Glendale in early October. CABBAGE LOOPER was heavy in
all watermelon fields in east Mesa area July 22; scarring fruit.
YELLOW-STRIPED ARMYWORM (Prodenia sp.) was moderate to heavy
on 100 acres of lettuce and other truck crops at Phoenix and Mesa early
in September. BEET LEAFHOPPER (Circulifer tenellus) was reported
in light numbers in cantaloups in Salt River Valley, March 31; some
curly top symptoms showing April 29. MELON APHID (Aphis gossypii)
built up on cucurbits in the Yuma area in April but was low by mid-June.
A LEAF MINER (Liriomyza sp. ) was more severe on cantaloup in Yuma
and Maricopa Counties than in 1954. Most of the crop in Maricopa
County was injured by June 17, some severely. Also caused extensive
damage to cantaloup in the Yuma area by July 8. A LEAF ROLLER
(Platynota stultana) badly scarred honeydews in one area at Phoenix,
causing many culls. THRIPS were economic in some onion fields in
Maricopa County in March and April and very heavy in all fields in
Greenlee County in mid-June. BEET ARMYWORM (Laphygma exiqua)
TOMATO PINWORM (Keiferia lycopersicella) and HORNWORM
(Protoparce) occurred in damaging numbers on 700 acres of tomatoes at
Bowie during late September and early October. The beet armyworm
bored into green fruit.

Cotton Insects

THRIPS were reported generally on cotton from about first of May with
highest populations near end of month, in all cotton areas. A decrease
came in Maricopa, Pinal and Pima Counties in mid-June. Damage was
light in the Salt River Valley, with some fields not treated. ‘The
heaviest populations were reported from Buckeye, 15-30 per plant in
late May. Damage was still reported from Cochise County where
chemical control had not been used up to the end of June. A WHITEFLY
(prob. Trialeurodes abutilonea) was reported as numerous in many cotton
fields up to early July. APHIDS (Aphis gossypii and A. medicaginis)
were reported on cotton from Yuma, Maricopa, Pinal and Pima Counties
early in the season, with a rather rapid decline toward the end of May in
Pinal and part of Maricopa County with another buildup in Pima and
Maricopa Counties from late June into mid-August. Mid-Season and
General: MITES (mainly Tetranychus spp.) infestation were scattered
on cotton, sometimes heavy, in Pinal and Pima Counties from late

April until the beginning of the summer rainy period. Infestations were
generally low to very low in Maricopa County. MIRIDS (Lygus hesperus
Spanagonicus albofasciatus, et al) very low on cotton in Pima, Pinal an
Maricopa Counties in early June. Reported up to 25 per 100 sweeps at
Roll, Yuma County, June 10. A sharp increase was reported in
Maricopa, Pinal and Pima Counties from June 17 to 24; remaining high
in most areas until early August. Very heavy populations developed in
Buckeye area in mid-July with moderate numbers in Cochise and Graham
Counties during this period. After about the end of July Lygus took
second place to bollworm as the major pest of cotton. Spanagonicus
albofasciatus was above normal in Pinal County, and apparently also in
Maricopa County toward the end of June. SUPERB PLANT BUG

4 GL

(Adelphocoris superbus) was moderate to heavy on cotton in Greenlee
County. STINK BUGS remained low throughout the season on cotton in
Maricopa, Pinal and Pima Counties and in other areas, except for
Greenlee County, which reported moderate to heavy infestations early
in August. A LEAF ROLLER (Platynota stultana) caused damage to
scattered cotton fields. COTTON LEAF PERFORATOR (Bucculatrix
thurberiella) caused scattered damage in Yuma County. The heavily
infested fields were mostly associated with stub cotton fields.
BOLLWORM (Heliothis zea) was generally low in all cotton areas until
summer rains, although earlier than usual damage was reported at
Sahuarita June 10. About mid-July this became the most important
pest of cotton and this condition continued for rest of season.

A PHALAENID LARVA (Heliothis sp.) appeared on cotton in the Sahuarita
area early in June. This larva feeds on leaves, producging damage much
like that of cabbage looper. CABBAGE LOOPER (Trichoplusia ni) was
reported in small numbers on cotton from Yuma County to Pima County
with occasional fields heavily infested, from late May to early August.
BEET ARMYWORM (Laphygma exiqua) built up to moderate numbers in
many cotton fields in Maricopa, Pinal and Pima Counties during the
first half of July. YELLOW-STRIPED ARMYWORM (Prodenia sp. ) built
up to fair numbers on cotton in the Phoenix area during the last part of
August, but decreased early in September. A LEAF MINER (Liriomyza
sp.) was more abundant than usual on cotton in Maricopa, Pinal, Pima,
Graham and Cochise Counties, occasionally serious in scattered areas
from mid-June to early August. THURBERIA WEEVIL (Anthonomus
grandis thurberiae) reached an average population where 17 percent of
the bolls had some damage in the upper Santa Cruz Valley, Santa Cruz
County, by November.

Insects Affecting Sugar Beet Seed Fields

LYGUS BUGS (Lygus hesperus and L. lineolaris) were lighter in sugar
beets in the Salt River Valley during April than in many years. YELLOW-
STRIPED ARMYWORM (Prodenia sp.) was general in all sugar beet

fields in Maricopa County during early September. BEET ARMYWORM
(Laphygma exigua) was unusually severe on sugar beet seedlings at
Phoenix during mid-September.

Forest, Ornamental and Shade Tree Insects

COTTONY-CUSHION SCALE (Icerya purchasi) was heavier than usual in
Maricopa County in July and in Pima County in March. Vedalia beetles
were slow in developing. ELM LEAF BEETLE (Galerucella xanthomelaena)
became a pest in Phoenix early in April and continued most of the Summer,
on Chinese elm. ARGENTINE ANT (Iridomyrmex humilis) was found in

one location at Phoenix early in May.

Stored Products Insects

KHAPRA BEETLE (Trogoderma granarium) is now covered by quarantine
and eradication regulations and an eradication program is now in progress.

= 652

Insects Affecting Man and Animals

AN EYE GNAT Cs EERCE collusor) became annoying in citrus groves
at Yuma by end of March. CONENOSE BUGS (Triatoma sp. ) caused
severeal complaints from Pinal, Maricopa and Yavapai Counties,
because of abundance and several cases of bites. BROWN DOG TICK
(Rhipicephalus sanguineus) was more than usually abundant in yards
and kennels in Maricopa, Pinal and Pima Counties toward the end of the
summer. POULTRY BUG (Haematosiphon inodorus) was reported
biting people in a school 30 miles east of Kingman in March. FLIES
(mainly Musca domestica) were surveyed in 2 small towns in south-
eastern Maricopa and northwestern Pinal Counties during the season.
Peak populations occurred late in August but a general moderate level
was maintained all season.

Miscellaneous Insects

FIELD CRICKET (Acheta assimilis) became very abundant from Casa
Grande, west to Yuma in mid-August. WHITE-LINED SPHINX (Celerio
lineata) was very abundant at Yuma and in Pima County.

SUMMARY OF INSECT CONDITIONS - 1955
LOUISIANA
Reported by A. D. Oliver

Cereal and Forage Crop Insects
ARMY WORM (Pseudaletia unipuncta) populations were heavy in small
grains along the upper Red River Valley and the upper Mississippi Delta

in late April and early May with some fields being treated. Peak moth
flights occurred at the Curtis and St. Joseph light traps during late
August and early September. FALL ARMYWORM (Laphygma frugiperda)
infestations did not develop in rice this year as in past years. Some
infestation in fall-planted grains in West Feliciana, East Feliciana,

St. Helena, Livingston, Tangipahoa, Washington and St. Tammany
Parishes required control measures to prevent severe damage. RICE
WATER WEEVIL (Lissorhoptrus simplex) and RICE STINK BUG

(Solubea pugnax) infestations were very light, generally, over the

entire rice belt with no control measures being needed. VELVE'TBEAN
CATERPILLAR (Anticarsia gemmatilis) infestations were severe in
soybeans and alfalfa during August and September and apparently no
control measures were applied. VARIEGATED CUTWORM (Peridroma
margaritosa) infested several fields of white clover in Jefferson Davis
and Acadia Parishes doing considerable damage, but no control measures
were applied. Very heavy populations of the THREE-CORNERED
ALFALFA HOPPER (Spissistilus festinus) and PEA APHID (Macrosiphum
pisi) existed in alfalfa during most of the summer with no contro
measures being applied. Several severe infestations of GREENBUG
(Toxoptera graminum) were found on barley and oats during April and

BAR =

May in north Louisiana. These infestations were subdued by
parasites. Very heavy infestations of A LEGUME MITE (Petrobia
apicalis) existed in white clover over most of the State through April of
1955. The GRAPE COLASPIS (Colaspis sp.) was generally numerous in
legume crops. The SOUTHWESTERN CORN BORER (Diatraea
grandiosella) was found in Bossier, Desoto and Caddo Parishes for the
first time in 1955. One field had up to 40 percent of stalks infested.
SPOTTED ALFALFA APHID was found on alfalfa in Bossier, Caddo and
Natchitoches Parishes for the first time also. This aphid is causing
grave concern due to its destructive potential to alfalfa. A similar
aphid YELLOW CLOVER APHID (Pterocallidium trifolii) was found

on red and white clover in Bossier, East Baton Rouge and West Baton
Rouge Parishes. SORGHUM MIDGE (Contarinia sorghicola) greatly
reduced the seed maturity of grain sorghum in north Louisiana. PINK
CORNWORM moderately infested sorghum heads over the entire State.

Sugarcane Insects

The SUGARCANE BORER (Diatraea saccharalis) presented a very
serious problem in 1955. A heavy carryover of overwintering borers as
a result of a mild winter was the principal contributing factor to the
heavy infestations this past year. Lack of an extensive control program,
cultural, biological and chemical, resulted in heavy losses of cane to
the farmer. The late spring colds caused borer infestations to be late
and erratic to the extent that many farmers figured that control
measures were not worthwhile. SUGARCANE BEETLE (Euetheola
rugiceps) infestations were comparatively light over the cane belt.

Truck Crop Insects

The VEGETABLE WEEVIL (Listroderes costirostris obliquus) was a
major pest on peppers, tomatoes, potatoes and strawberries in the
southeastern section of Louisiana. Damage was very extensive in
several areas, but control measures were effective when applied.
CABBAGE LOOPER (Trichoplusia ni)inflicted considerable damage to
cabbage, broccoli and cauliflower in St. John the Baptist, Plaquemine
and St. Bernard Parishes. SWEETPOTATO WEEVIL (Cylas formicarius
elegantulus) infestations were generally light with a few localized severe
infestations. Damage to sweetpotatoes by soil insects was generally
high over the sweetpotato belt where control measures were not applied.
A NITIDULID (Lobiopa insularis) caused grave concern again during the
year in the strawberry belt. This beetle was found in fields two weeks
before any ripe strawberry fruits occurred. Its presence was conducive
to the early closing of the cold packing sheds. The SWEETPOTATO
FLEA BEETLE (Chaetocnema confinis) began to occur on volunteer
Sweetpotato plants in early spring and very heavy infestations occurred
on foliage during mid and late seasons. SOUTHERN GARDEN
LEAFHOPPER (Empoasca solana) populations were heavy in sweetpotatoes
during mid and late season. YELLOW-STRIPED ARMYWORM (Prodenia
ornithogalli) severely damaged sweetpotato foliage during mid season.
Several moderate to severe infestations of the TURNIP APHID
(Rhopalosiphum pseudobrassicae) existed on turnips in St. John the Baptist
and St. Charles Parishes. BLACK PECAN APHID (Melanocallis

5 @F

caryaefoliae) and FALL WEBWORM (Hyphantria cunea) infested pecan
trees over most of the State causing defoliation early in the season.
One very severe infestation of LESSER PEACH TREE BORER
(Synanthedon pictipes) was found in Claiborne Parish. These borers
entered the trees through wounds caused by tractor equipment while
plowing. PURPLE SCALE (Lepidosaphes beckii), SOFT SCALE (Coccus
hesperidum) and CITRUS RUST MITES (Phyllocoptruta oleivora)
heavily infested oranges and satsumas in Plaquemine and St. Bernard
Parishes where control measures were not used.

Cotton Insects

BOLL WEEVIL (Anthonomus grandis) infestations were high, most of the
season, over the State. Many heavy infestations were difficult to reduce
with insecticides due to a high degree of resistance developed by the
boll weevil in several sections of the State. Boll weevil infestations
caused a great reduction in acreage yield for many farmers where
insecticides failed to reduce the populations. A boll weevil hibernation
survey recently completed indicated that a greater number of weevils
went into hibernation this winter than has been the case in the past 19
years. BOLLWORM (Heliothis zea) infestations were light throughout
the State. Moth activity was moderate in the Bossier City and St.
Joseph areas in mid season. COTTON APHID (Aphis gossypii)
infestations were heavy and spotty over most of the State. Build-ups of
cotton aphid following the use of calcium arsenate brought about
populations which were unusually difficult to control. SPIDER MITE
(Tetranychus sp.) infestations were unusually light and unimportant.
BROWN COTTON LEAFWORM (Acontia dacia) specimens were taken in
a light trap at Natchitoches, Louisiana during early season. Larvae
were found on cotton in Bossier, Natchitoches and Caddo Parishes. One
infestations severely damaged seedling cotton in Natchitoches Parish.
No infestations occurred in late season as last year.

Insects Affecting Man and Animals

MOSQUITOES (mainly Aedes sp.) were much more abundant than usual
over the entire State. A heavy outbreak which occurred during May and
June seriously hindered farm labor and livestock activity. SCREW-WORM
(Callitroga hominivorax) dutbreaks were mild with several light infesta-
tions in the southern part of the State during July and August. HORSE
FLIES (primarily Tabanus sp. ) greatly hindered livestock activity over
the southern area during June, July, August and September. Very heavy
populations of HORN FLY (Siphona irritans) existed throughout the
Gee Several eae infestations of COMMON CATTLE GRUB
Hypoderma lineatum) occurred during the winter and early spring on
several types of cattle. 4 Uses

Shade Tree Insects
A light infestation of the ELM LEAF BEETLE (Galerucella xanthomelaena)
occurred in Winn Parish in 1955, the first known in this State.

= 158) =

Stored Grain Insects

A survey was made during the fall to determine the extent of insect
damage to stored grains. Rice, at this time, was practically free of
insect injuries. The ANGOUMOIS GRAIN MOTH (Sitotroga cerealella
and the RICE WEEVIL (Sitophilus oryza) were the two threatening
insects where sanitation practices were not initiated. For the stored-corn
insect survey the State was divided into seven major ecological areas.
Samples consisting of 20 ears each were taken from approximately 115
cribs. Corn in the southwestern area was most severely injured with
many samples being 75-95 percent destroyed by RICE WEEVIL. Other
areas listed according to severity of corn damage were the areas east
of Baton Rouge, the Mississippi River Valley, Red River Valley,

hill section of north Louisiana and the Ouachita Valley. Other insects
contributing to the corn damage in order of severity. were flour
beetles, pink cornworm, Angoumois grain moth, saw-toothed grain
beetle and the corn earworm.

SUMMARY OF INSECT CONDITIONS - 1955
OKLAHOMA
Compiled by Stanley Coppock, Jr.

Cereal and Forage Insects

SPOTTED ALFALFA APHID was very abundant on alfalfa in the
southern part of the State during the fall of 1954 and survived the winter
in fairly large numbers. By the latter part of March, 1955, severe
damage was noted in the south central area. Within a month severe
damage was reported from most alfalfa~growing sections of the State.
Temperatures as low as 6°F. above zero did not halt its spread. Very
heavy infestations were present throughout April and May in most areas
and caused extensive damage in parts of the southern and central area.
Following heavy rains in June populations were reduced sharply followed
by a build-up in July and August for most areas. Heavy general rains

in September reduced populations in most areas followed by a rapid
build-up in October and November. Severe damage to newly-planted
alfalfa in the fall was reported from isolated fields in most areas.
Fairly large winter populations were present in all alfalfa producing
areas of the State in spite of unseasonably cold temperatures. ‘These
populations would seem to indicate an early, serious infestation of alfalfa
over the State in the spring of 1956. BROWN WHEAT MITE (Petrobia
latens) populations were unusually heavy in the north central and
northwestern areas in the spring. Injury was intensified because of
freeze injury and severe drought damage. Spraying gave fair to good
results in most areas. Populations were present in most fields of the
western part during the fall and winter of 1955. FALL ARMYWORM
(Laphyqma frugiperda) infestations resulted in severe local damage to
newly-planted alfalfa and small grains in the southwestern, central, and
northwestern areas. Loss of ears of late-planted corn as a result of
girdling of shanks by larvae was noted in some areas. A severe outbreak

4 (§) &

of GRASSHOPPERS in the western part of the State occurred in the
spring and early summer of 1955. Over 150, 000 acres of range land
were sprayed in the Cooperative-State-Federal Spray Program. Also,
about 511, 000 additional acres were sprayed on an individual basis.
It was estimated that about 1, 500, 000 acres of range land and 3, 000, 000
acres of crop land were infested. Good control was reported from spray-
ing in most areas. Major species included Melanoplus mexicanus, M.
differentialis, M. bivittatus, M. femur-rubrum, and range species:
Aulocara elliotti, Ageneotettix deorum, Phlibostroma quadrimaculata and
Boopedon nubilum in certain areas. Fall populations of M, mexicanus
did damage to margins of newly-planted fall grains in the panhandle
counties. CORN EARWORM (Heliothis zea) was found infesting grain-
sorghum heads in most areas, and alfalfa in many northern and western
counties. Populations in sweet corn were heavy but appeared to be
below those usually occurring on this crop. Spring populations of CORN
LEAF APHID (Rhopalosiphum maidis) were present throughout most
areas on sorghums and small grains, especially barley. Heavy fall
populations on barley were present in local areas of the eastern half.
Damage was slight. Numbers of first-generation SOUTHWESTERN CORN
BORER (Diatraea grandiosella) pupating were less than in 1953 and 1954
in the central and eastern area. WEBWORMS (Loxostege spp. ) caused
local damage to young alfalfa in some of the central and northern counties.
CUTWORMS were numerous in isolated areas in alfalfa and small grains
as was the ARMYWORM (Pseudaletia unipuncta). Populations of the
CHINCH BUG (Blissus leucopterus) were common in sorghums through-
out the State. Economic damage to irrigated corn was reported from
many areas. Several species of LEAFHOPPERS were common in small
grains and alfalfa throughout the State. An infestation of the ENGLISH
GRAIN APHID (Macrosiphum granarium) in wheat was reported from
McIntosh County in April. WHITE GRUB larvae damaged a few isolated
“fields of small grain in some northern and eastern counties. Populations
of the GREENBUG (Toxoptera graminum) were practically non-existent
in Oklahoma in 1955. EUROPEAN CORN BORER (Pyrausta nubilalis)
was reported from three new counties: Ottawa, Payne and Canadian
during the year. The TARNISHED PLANT BUG (Lyqus lineolaris) and
the THREE-CORNERED ALFALFA HOPPER (Spissistilus festinus) and
POTATO LEAFHOPPER (Empoasca fabae) were common in alfalfa.
Summer populations of THRIPS (Frankliniella occidentalis) damaged
alfalfa slightly in local areas. Low spring populations of the WINTER
GRAIN MITE (Penthaleus major) were present in the western part.
HESSIAN FLY (Phytophaga destructor) caused no damage in the State.
Some damage to alfalfa seed production was reported from isolated areas
due to CLOVER SEED CHALCID (Bruchophagus gibbus).

Fruit Insects

Adults of the CODLING MOTH (Carpocapsa pomonella) emerged in Payne
County the middle of April. Due to late freezes which destroyed
practically all fruit, populations were exceedingly low. The PECAN
WEEVIL (Curculio caryae) appeared 2-3 weeks later than usual. In
Payne County maximum populations collected by the jarring method
reached 30-40 per tree. Large numbers of a PHALAENID (Catocala spp. )

One

were taken in light traps at Stillwater in July. Only small numbers of
adults of the PLUM CURCULIO (Contrachelus nenuphar) survived the
winter. PLUM GOUGER (Anthonomus scutellaris) populations were
lower than in 1954. About average annual populations of the PEACH
TREE BORER (Sanninoidea exitiosa) were found in the north central
areas. Neosteingelia texana, a coccid attacking pecans, was reported
from Tulsa and Okfuskee Counties.

Truck Crop Insects

SEED-CORN MAGGOT (Hylemya cilicrura) populations of spinach were
greatly reduced during the latter part of March and in April. Thereafter,
infestations were only moderate. Populations of the SOUTHERN CORN
ROOTWORM (Diabrotica undecimpunctata howardi) infesting cucurbits
were light to moderate in most areas as were populations of the STRIPED
CUCUMBER BEETLE (Acalymma vittata). A moderate infestation of

the MELON APHID (Aphis gossypii) occurred on watermelons in local
areas of north central Oklahoma. Kingfisher County reported heavy
populations in some fields. A few spinach fields in the Arkansas River
Valley contained light populations of the SOUTHERN BEET WEBWORM
(Pachyzancla bipunctalis). FALSE CHINCH BUG (Nysius ericae) did
moderate damage to cucumbers in local areas. Infestations of the
SQUASH BUG (Anasa tristis) were reported from watermelon and spring
Squash crops in Payne County and from fall squash crops in Tulsa County.
TOMATO FRUITWORM (Heliothis zea) was observed feeding on tomatoes
in many home gardens.

Cotton Insects

BOLL WEEVIL (Anthonomus grandis) damage was heavier than in 1954,

a drought year. Weevils began puncturing squares in the southern part of
the State late in June. Infestations were fairly light during July and the
first part of August, but increased sharply during the latter part of
August, especially in the eastern and southern parts. Damage in the
western part was light although injurious infestations occurred in local
areas. BOLLWORM (Heliothis zea) infestations were spotted with
injurious infestations occurring in some fields of most areas. Although
egg counts per 100 plants were high, larval populations were considerably
lower due to predation by coccinellids, lacewing larvae and others.

The heaviest general infestations occurred in the south central area.
Bryan County had the heaviest outbreak since 1950. PINK BOLLWORM
(Pectinophora gossypiella) infestations were considerably heavier over

all areas of the State than in 1954. Gin trash and lint cleaner inspections
in eastern and southwestern counties showed an infestation rate of over
ten times that of 1954. FLEAHOPPER populations were present in all
areas but treatment was applied only in southwestern counties. Beckham,
Caddo and Washita Counties reported some damage. COTTON LEAFWORM
(Alabama argillacea) infestations late in the season defoliated cotton over
large areas . Due to the matureness of the crop, no appreciable damage
was done. Injurious THRIPS (Frankliniella sp.) were fairly widespread
in young cotton causing damage in several areas. Later populations were
of no consequence. GRASSHOPPER, particularly differential grasshopper
(Melanoplus differentialis), damaged cotton in the early summer,

Beale

especially in the southern areas. One field in McCurtain County was
entirely destroyed. POTATO LEAFHOPPER (Empoasca fabae)
populations were found in all cotton producing areas, but did not build

up to damaging numbers. SPIDER MITES were numerous in the north
central areas. Infestations causing economic loss were few and scattered.

Insects Affecting Man and Animals

COMMON CATTLE GRUB (Hypoderma lineatum) - Heel fly activity was
noted earlier than usual, February and March, followed by an early
incidence of grub infestation. Surveys of all areas show perhaps the
earliest severe infestation on record. HORN FLY (Siphona irritans)

was abundant and caused economic loss throughout all areas. Populations
of HOUSE FLY (Musca domestica) were heavy around untreated barns
and other premises where livestock were kept. Populations in towns and
cities were much higher than the previous year. A large build-up of the
SCREW-WORM fly (Callitroga hominivorax) occurred in all areas.
Serious infestations and some animal losses were reported from all
sections. STABLE FLY (Stomoxys calcitrans) was moderate in many
areas and severe in limited areas. Populations were largest during
May, June and early July and dropped to a low ebb during August and
increased moderately during September and early October. CATTLE
LICE were common throughout the spring in the western area.
Populations of the LONE STAR TICK (Amblyomma americanum) averaged
around 25 replete females per animal in the wooded sections of eastern
Oklahoma in May and June. The EAR TICK (Otobius Megnini) was

fairly common in the western area as was the LONG-NOSED CATTLE
LOUSE (Linognathus vituli). TAABANIDS were less numerous than usual.

Extensive populations of MOSQUITOES, especially Psorophora spp.,
were found in early summer in the central and north central area.
Stored Products Insects

heavier than usual insect infestation of farm-stored grain occurred in
the eastern part of the State in 1955, due perhaps to favorable moisture
conditions throughout the spring. A heavy infestation of RICE WEEVIL
(Sitophilus granarius) was reported from a grain elevator in Kiowa
County. Rice weevils and FLAT GRAIN BEETLE (Laemophloeus
pusillus) were found severely infesting three bins of farm-stored grain
in Delaware County. Local infestations of the ANGOUMOIS GRAIN
MOTH (Sitotroga cerealella) occurred in milo heads in farm storage.
Light infestations of BLACK CARPET BEETLE (Attagenus piceus),
CONFUSED FLOUR BEETLE (Tribolium confusum), and CADELLE
(Tenebroides mauritanicus) were found in most areas examined.

Forest, Ornamental and Shade Tree Insects

The ELM CALLIGRAPHA (Calligrapha scalaris) was numerous in native
elms in Pottawattomie County in July. Heavy infestations of the ELM
LEAF APHID (Myzocallis ulmifolii) were present in the northern area in
early May, but had disappeared by June 15. A general scattered
infestation of SMALLER EUROPEAN ELM BARK BEETLE (Scolytus
multistriatus) was reported from the north and central areas during the
Summer. Statewide populations of the BLACK WIDOW SPIDER
(Latrodectus mactans) were higher than in the past several years.

Ep

Beneficial Insects

CONVERGENT LADY BEETLE (Hippodamia convergens) and LACE WINGS
(Chrysopa spp.) were the most important predators in alfalfa fields
infested with the spotted alfalfa aphid. The above predators were also

an important factor in the decline of corn leaf aphid populations in many
areas and were extremely active in reducing bollworm infestations of
cotton. Collops spp. and Orius sp. were more numerous in cotton than
during the past three years.

Miscellaneous Insects

RED HARVESTER ANT (Pogonomyrmex barbatus) mating swarms were
seen July 20 in the Stillwater vicinity. BLOOKSUCKING CONENOSE
(Triatoma sangquisuga) was reported to have bitten three people in
Stillwater. A TERMITE (Reticulitermes flavipes) has seriously damaged
some oaks in Payne County by girdling, etc. The ROTTEN WOOD
TERMITE (Zootermopsis angusticollis) was found in a carload of lumber
from Oregon. Protoparce sp. moths were attracted to lights in fairly
large numbers during May and June.

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PLANT PEST Be IL Bi

AGRICULTURAL RESEARCH SERVICE

PLANT PEST CONTROL BRANCH

ECONOMIC INSECT SURVEY SECTION

The Cooperative Economic Insect Report is
Issued weekly as a service to American Agri-
culture. Its contentsare compiled from informa-
tion supplied by cooperating State, Federal, and
industrial entomologists and other agricultural
workers. In releasing this material the Branch
serves as a clearing house and does not assume

responsibility for accuracy of the material.

Reports and inquiries pertaining to this release
should be mailed to:

Economic Insect Survey Section
Plant Pest Control Branch
Agricultural Research Service
United States Department of Agriculture
Washington 25, D. C.

Volume 6 February 3, 1956 No. 5
COOPERATIVE ECONOMIC INSECT REPORT

Highlights of Insect Conditions

ARMYWORM moths active in south and east central Texas and at
Charleston, South Carolina. (p. 77).

SPOTTED ALFALFA APHID lighter than last year at this time in areas
of Arizona. (p. 75).

SUMMARY OF INSECT CONDITIONS - 1955 - Idaho (p. 78), Ohio (p. 84),

Summary of BEET LEAFHOPPER conditions in southern Idaho and
eastern Oregon - 1955. (p. 88).

General LIGHT TRAP information - 1955. (p. 88).

DE ER IR AC OK OK A 2 IK AE IE AC OE A EK 2K A OK FE EK CE AK KK EE 6K 2K OK

WEATHER BUREAU'S 30-DAY OUTLOOK
February 1956

The Weather Bureau's 30-day outlook for February calls for temperatures
to average below seasonal normals in most of the country west of the
Mississippi, with greatest departures in the Great Plains. In the

eastern third of the nation temperatures are expected to average near
normal, except above in the Northeast and South Atlantic States.
Precipitation is predicted to be subnormal in the Pacific Northwest and

in the Southeast. In the remainder of the country above normal amounts
are indicated.

This report released by the Weather Bureau on January 31, 1956.

Weather forecast given here is based on the official 30-day "Resume
and Outlook", published twice a month by the Weather Bureau. You can
subscribe through Superintendent of Documents, Washington 25, D. C.
Price $4.80 a year, $2.40 for six months.

SRR RK Gk

Reports in this issue are for the week ending January 27, 1956, unless
otherwise designated.

= F4be
WEATHER FOR THE WEEK ENDING JANUARY 30, 1956

A low pressure system moving into, and another developing in the
Southwest, resulted in precipitation conditions which were the most
prominent features of the week's weather. The pattern for the entire
United States showed heavy to moderate precipitation for most sections
of the Pacific States, Nevada and Utah, in eastern North Dakota and
northern Minnesota, and except for some Gulf coastal areas, the
southeastern quarter of the Nation. One of the heaviest rainfalls in
Los Angeles history hit the city on Wednesday and by Thursday night
had deposited 7. 39 inches of rain. Streets were flooded to depths of

3 feet with water moving at speeds of 25m.p.h. Fifteen-hundred
persons were forced to evacuate their homes. Losses due to flood
damage were estimated at several million dollars. The southern
California area in general received 4 to 9 inches along the coast, 9 to
13 inches in the mountains,and 1/2 to 2 inches in the western desert.
On January 28, a storm center developed over New Mexico and moved
northeastward and by the end of the period had reached the Atlantic
Coast in the area of the southern New England States. During its
passage sleet, freezing rain and scattered thunderstorms, were
reported along its path from northeastern Oklahoma into parts of
Missouri, Ilinois, Ingfiana and Ohio. Deposits of snow ranging from

a few to 10 inches fell from Kansas and Nebraska, eastward over the
Ohio and middle Mississippi Valley, southern Lake region and the
northeast. Farther South and East most of the precipitation fell as
rain. Heaviest 24-hour amounts accompanying this storm were 3. 58
inches at Little Rock, Ark., 2.01 at Memphis, Tenn. and 3.29 at
Nashville, Tenn. Little or no rain fell in extreme southern New Mexico
and southwestern Texas. Snow showers were frequent, but intermittent,
along the Canadian Border.

High pressure with cold temperatures dominated most of the area east

of the Mississippi early in the period, but temperatures moderated

with the entrance of the southwestern storm. Conditions in the Northwest
were reversed with warm air prevailing early in the period and later
being followed by cold Arctic air. At the very end of the period this
Arctic air had extended southward into Texas and eastward to the Atlantic
Coast. Average temperature departures in general were not extreme.
They were above normal in the New England States, in the extreme north-
central portion of the country, also in an area reaching from Casper,
Wyo., southwestward to Los Angeles, Calif., and southeastward to
Mobile, Ala. All other areas reported temperature averages below
normal. The extremes of average weekly departures ranged from ange
in the Great Falls, Mont., area to +9° at points in southern Texas and
northern Maine. On January 27 frost was reported in Florida southward
to Sarasota, De Soto and Highlands Counties. During the latter part of
the period most of the snow cover disappeared from south of the Ohio
River northeastward to the lower New England States; elsewhere, there
was little change in the southward extent. Snow depths increased during
the week in the States along the Canadian Border and in the central Great
(Weather Continued on p. 77).

Lae
CEREAL AND FORAGE INSECTS

SPOTTED ALFALFA APHID - CALIFORNIA - Found in only light
numbers in much of San Bernardino County, none in Mohave area.
(Cal. Coop. Rept., Jan. 23). ARIZONA - Lesser in number than at
this time in 1955, with only scattered heavily-infested alfalfa fields
in Yuma area and Salt River Valley. (Ariz. Coop. Rept. ).

CUTWORMS - TEXAS - Cutworms reported in CEIR, 6(3):37 on wheat
found to be army cutworm (Chorizagrotis auxiliaris). (Davis).

FRUIT INSECTS

CALIFORNIA RED SCALE (Aonidiella aurantii) - CALIFORNIA - Light
in numbers in all areas of San Bernardino County except some citrus
ee eas where heavy infestations occurred. (Cal. Coop. Rept.,

Jan. 23).

BLACK SCALE (Saissetia oleae) - CALIFORNIA - Light infestation in
citrus in San Bernardino County. (Cal. Coop. Rept., Jan. 23).

A MITE (Typhlodromus rhenus) - OREGON - On cherry twigs in
Corvallis, Jan. 22. (Burts).

A WHITEFLY (Aleurodicus cardini) - FLORIDA - Severe infestation
on guava at Homestead, Dade County. (Miles).

= = SS = ee

declined but slowly increasing trend is expected. FLORIDA RED
SCALE, infesting 55 percent of groves, increased slightly with

decline expected. CITRUS RED MITE infesting 59 percent of groves
inspected, activity increased with some further increase expected.
CITRUS RUST MITE, infesting 59 percent of groves inspected,
decreased in activity with decline expected to continue during February.
(Pratt, Thompson, Johnson).

TRUCK CROP INSECTS

VEGETABLE WEEVIL (Listroderes costirostris obliquus) - GEORGIA -
Larvae feeding on turnip eaves in Spalding County, Jan. 17. (Beckham).

CABBAGE APHID (Brevicoryne brassicae) - SOUTH CAROLINA - Heavily
infesting old plantings of-fall cabbage at Charleston, Jan. 19. (Cuthbert).

GREEN PEACH APHID (Myzus persicae) - SOUTH CAROLINA -
Moderately abundant in cabbage beds and on spinach at Charleston,
Jan. 19. (Cuthbert).

HG 2

TURNIP APHID (Rhopalosiphum pseudobrassicae) - SOUTH CAROLINA -
Lightly infesting cabbage plant beds and turnips being grown for greens,
at Charleston, Jan. 19. (Cuthbert),

DIAMONDBACK MOTH (Plutella maculipennis) - SOUTH CAROLINA -
Occasional larvae on cabbage at Charleston, Jan. 19. (Cuthbert).

APHIDS - GEORGIA - Nymphs and stem mother causing damage to
turnips and collards Jan. 17. (Beckham). VIRGINIA - Root aphids
heavy on roots of dry-land cress at Blacksburg. (Andrews).

FOREST, ORNAMENTAL AND SHADE TREE INSECTS

HAWTHORN LACE BUG (Corythucha cydoniae) - FLORIDA - Nymphs
and adults averaging many per pyracantha plant at Gainesville,
Alachua County, Nov. 25, 1955. (Det. R. F. Hussey). (Mead).

AN APHID (Cinara tujafilina) - FLORIDA - Nymphs averaging 1000 per
arborvitae plant at Fellowship, Marion County, Jan. 4. (Det. A. N.
Tissot). (Condo).

A SCALE (Aspidiotus lataniae) - FLORIDA - Heavy infestation on
pyracantha at Monticello, Jefferson County, Jan. 9. (Miller).

INSECTS AFFECTING MAN AND ANIMALS

CATTLE GRUBS - TEXAS - Hypoderma lineatum heavier than normal
on cattle in Madison County. (Garrett, Davis). Lighter than normal
but heavy in some herds of cattle in Polk County. (O'Brien, Davis).
NORTH CAROLINA - A few instances of light infestations. (Baker,
Scott). UTAH - Appearing in backs of cattle in several additional
counties. (Knowlton). MARYLAND - Beef yearlings at College Park
averaged three grubs per animal and 21 of 31 heads infested. (U. of
Md. Ent. Dept. ).

CATTLE LICE - UTAH - Becoming an increasingly-serious problem on
beef cattle in a number of counties. (Knowlton).

SHEEP SCAB MITE (Psoroptes equi ovis) - VIRGINIA - Found in four
flocks of sheep in Washington County during December and January.
Two flocks have been dipped. (Lyne).

STORED PRODUCT INSECTS

PECAN WEEVIL (Curculio caryae) - NORTH CAROLINA - Infestation of
20 percent in a lot of stored nuts in Mecklenburg County and another in
Rutherford County. (Scott).

A MITE (Tyrophaqus sp.) - TEXAS - Heavily infesting grain sorghum at
Beaumont Experiment Station where rice weevil colony was being raised

ype

for experimental purposes. (Bowling, Davis).

MISCELLANEOUS INSECTS

CLOVER MITE (Bryobia praetiosa) - NORTH CAROLINA - Invading
homes in Davidson, Alamance and Wake Counties. (Scott, Smith).

Light Trap Collections:

TEXAS (College Station, 1/21-26): Pseudaletia unipuncta, 62; Agrotis
ypsilon, 4; Feltia subterranea, 6. (Weslaco, 1/1-15): P. unipuncta, 38;
Laphygma frugiperda, 10; A. ypsilon, 14; F. subterranea, 103; Heliothis
zea, Tb. H. virescens, 2. (Winter Haven, 1/1-15): P. unipuncta, 194;
PETC perda mo AMO SWon) es He zeay 3: He) subternanea (0G:
(Beaumont, 1/5-15): P. unipuncta COT, frugiperda 38, F. subterranea
6. GEORGIA - (Tift County, 1/14-20): F. subterranea 3, Agrotis malefida
4, SOUTH CAROLINA - (Charleston, 1/2-8):P. unipuncta, 6; A. ypsilon
i (Charleston, 1/9-15): P. unipuncta, 5; A. ypsilon, 9; F. subterranea,

FE ICRI IG II IIIA IA CAI EAC EK

Weather Continued

Plains. The greatest depth for non-mountainous locations is now

32 inches at Houghton, Mich. Reported depths for some higher stations
in the West are 121 inches at Twin Lakes, Calif., 126 inches at Crater
Lake, Oregon, and 200 inches at Paradise Ranger Station, Washington.
(Summary Supplied by U. S. Weather Bureau).

Le)
SUMMARY OF INSECT CONDITIONS - 1955
IDAHO

Reported by H. C. Manis, A. R. Gittins, R. W. Portman, A. J. Walz,
Wo He Barr, J. in. Douglass, 1 Eo, Evans se Eee Wicmo mite anon Hy. Galena

Cereal and Forage Insects
GRASSHOPPER infestations on cropland throughout the State were gene-

rally spotted and of local importance. Spotted populations of sufficient
economic importance to warrant control were found in Ada, Camas,
Canyon, Caribou, Clearwater, Gem, Idaho, Jefferson, Jerome, Madison,
Nez Perce, Oneida, Owyhee, Payette, Teton, Twin Falls, Valley and
Washington Counties. Melanoplus mexicanus, M. bivittatus, M. femur-
rubrum and Camnula pellucida were principal species involved in crop
areas. Control was applied to 46,403 acres, which protected vegetation
on at least 95, 366 acres of crop and range land. This saved an estimated
$123,595. Aircraft sprayed 40, 389 acres and the balance was sprayed
by ground equipment. Due to cold weather, MORMON CRICKET (Anabrus
simplex) infestations were late developing in most areas. Control was
restricted to Payette County where 715 acres were baited to protect 1, 500
acres. This saved an estimated $715. Surveys indicate that small areas
within the following counties will need control in 1956: Clark, Fremont,
Payette and Valley Counties. Spotted infestations of ARMY CUTWORM
(Chorizagrotis auxiliaris) occurred on 64, 000 acres during spring and
summer of 1955 in areas of Idaho County. Approximately 1, 000 acres of
of wheat, barley and alfalfa were severely damaged. Disease (a polyhe-
drosis virus) and tachina flies helped reduce populations below economic
levels on all but 2,000 acres, which were sprayed. Fall survey indicates
this outbreak now completely under control. WIREWORMS occurred in
generally low populations on dryland areas. Severe losses occurred to
winter wheat near Marsing, Owyhee County, where areas up to one acre
were 100 percent destroyed.

BROWN WHEAT MITE (Petrobia latens) infestations occurred on 50, 000
acres of grain in Arbon and Pocatello Valleys. Some reports of 300 mites
per plant on dryland wheat in southeast counties. They were most nu-
merous in fields with adequate subsoil moisture. ENGLISH GRAIN APHID
(Macrosiphum granarium) caused light injury to 4,000 acres of wheat in
Caribou, Custer, Butte, Bonneville, Bannock, Franklin, and Jefferson
Counties. Populations were reduced by lady beetle activity in most areas.
One-thousand acres of grain were treated with insecticides. SPIDER
MITES (Tetranychus spp. ) were found building up in red clover fields in
southwestern area where many fields had been treated previously. ‘These
mites continued to attack red clover, beans, and corn during August and
the first two weeks of September in this area, but damage was not severe
enough to warrant control. SEED-CORN MAGGOT (Hylemya cilicrura)
caused severe damage to sweet corn in the Moscow area. Heavy infesta-
tions of CARROT BEETLE (Ligyrus gibbosus) were found in corn on river
bottom land in Benewah and-Bonner Counties... CORN EARWORM (Heliothis
zea) occurred in lowest infestations during last four years. Only local

=F

injury was found in southcentral and northern areas where highest infes-
tations averaged two larvae per 100 ears. WHEAT STEM SAWFLY
(Cephus cinctus) was found in all counties surveyed. Boundary, Bonner,
Shoshone, Lemhi, and Clark were not surveyed. Infestations were found
on native grasses, particularly Agropyron spp., in all counties surveyed.
Infestations were also found on wheat in Fremont, Teton, Bonneville, and
Madison Counties. In general, all infestations were light, being heavier
in southeastern areas where wheatgrasses were more abundant. Infesta-
tions in spring and winter wheat were confined to dryland areas at 5, 000-
feet-plus elevations. No infestations were found along river bottoms or
on irrigated land. Survey for WESTERN BEAN CUTWORM (Loxagrotis
albicosta) was made in 55 corn fields between Twin Falls and Rupert. Of
this total only seven were found infested. Infestations on these fields
ranged from one to five plants attacked. In August, fields of dent and sweet
corn were examined in the Boise Valley. No signs of the insect were ob-
served. SPOTTED ALFALFA APHID crossed the Idaho line south of Malad
from Utah during August, 1955. CLOVER ROOT CURCULIO (Sitona hispi-
dula) caused some localized damage to red clover fields in southwestern
Idaho. SWEETCLOVER WEEVIL (Sitona cylindricollis) infestations were
found in sweetclover stands generally throughout northern, central, and
southwestern areas. Particularly heavy injury to clover was observed in
the Arco, Moore, Coeur d'Alene, Tetonia and Idaho Falls areas. PEA
APHID (Macrosiphum pisi) spring populations were lowest of past five
years but rapid build-up was noted by mid-summer in alfalfa and clover
fields. Some areas of southwestern Idaho showed 500 per sweep by July
30. However, extreme abundance of predators in all fields contributed

to rapid decline of aphids in alfalfa and red clover in southern part of the
State.

ALFALFA WEEVIL (Hypera postica) was at lowest level of population of
past 10 years. Most alfalfa fields did not show weevil damage ait first
haying. Moderately severe larval injury occurred to second growth alfalfa
in Washington, Minidoka, Jefferson, Jerome, and Bonneville Counties.
LYGUS BUGS (Lyqus spp. ) continued to be one of Idaho's more destructive
insect pests. Moderate to heavy infestations throughout the State where
recommended control measures were delayed or omitted. CLOVER APHID
(Anuraphis bakeri), from 300 - 350 per flower, occurred in some south-
western red clover fields. Elsewhere populations were low with a few re-
ports indicating local, spotted infestations. CUTWORMS, unidentified
species, caused severe damage to 250 acres of small seeded clover in
Long Valley, with estimated loss of 100 acres. LESSER CLOVER LEAF
WEEVIL (Hypera nigrirostris) showed 40 percent infestation in second-
year red clover and percent infestation first-year red clover west of
Weiser. BLISTER BEETLES (Epicauta spp.) were particularly abundant
in dryland alfalfa seed fields north of Boise and Emmett and in the Weiser
area with 5 - 10 beetles per sweep in heavily infested fields.

Vegetable Crop Insects
ONION MAGGOT (Hylemya antiqua) caused severe damage to stands of
onions around Moscow, Buhl and the southwestern counties. Many fields

showed high incidence of fusarium rot and several secondary onion pests

AO

were found infesting decaying plants and occasionally causing injury to
neighboring healthy bulbs. Maggots also persisted in fall-planted onions.
BROWN WHEAT MITE (Petrobia latens) attacked some onion fields in Can-
yon County occasioning light injury. Extremely heavy populations of second-
generation COLORADO POTATO BEETLE (Leptinotarsa decemlineata)
larvae resulted from delayed controls in southern Idaho due to unfavorable
weather. Moderate to heavy mid-summer overlapping infestations were
common causing considerable defoliation in nearly all potato-growing areas
throughout the southern counties. Most fields required two treatments to
hold beetles in check. A new record of distribution was noted within the
city limits of Pocatello. GREEN PEACH APHID (Myzus persicae) popula-
lations in potatoes in southwestern Idaho were higher than since 1950, from
zero to over 100 per lower compound potato leaf. Statewide, natural pre-
dators, particularly lady beetles, eliminated aphids from most potato
fields. CABBAGE MAGGOT (Hylemya brassicae) caused severe injury to
unprotected cabbages in Twin Falls County. Western black flea beetle,
cabbage aphid, tomato hornworm, turnip aphid were abundant or damaging
in home gardens in Moscow area. Unusually large number of adults of
IMPORTED CABBAGEWORM (Pieris rapae) occurred in Moscow area.
Untreated cabbage injured by imported cabbageworm, cabbage looper, and
diamond backed moth caterpillars in Twin Falls County. Heavy adult po-
pulations of PEA WEEVIL (Bruchus pisorum) were forced into grain fields
of northern Idaho early in the year because of meager spring vine growth
in pea fields due to cool dry weather and low soil moisture. ‘This was the
first time in 15 years that early emergence of hibernating weevil was
coupled with extremely slow development of field peas. Controls were
carried out in south central Idaho, but unseasonable weather conditions
prolonged the operations. Damage by WESTERN BEAN CUTWORM

and SEED-CORN MAGGOT (Hylemya cilicrura) was light and localized

in southern Idaho. Control measures were applied against the

LETTUCE APHID (Macrosiphum barri) in many commercial lettuce

seed plantings. CUI'WORMS, undetermined species, damaged sugar beet
fields west of Parma. Many sugar beet fields in south central Idaho and
the upper Snake River Valley were treated for control of RED-BACKED
CUTWORM (Euxoa ochrogaster). This cutworm was more widespread

and more fields were treated than in any previous year. FLEA BEETLE
adults were common in sugar beet fields in outlying areas of the Magic
Valley.

Insects Affecting Speciality Crops
Light to medium populations of CABBAGE SEEDPOD WEEVIL

(Ceutorhynchus assimilis) occurred in rape seed fields, and controls
were applied. Populations were considerably lower than in past years.
STRAWBERRY ROOT WEEVIL (Brachyrhinus ovatus) infested all hop
yards examined in southwestern Idaho; as high as ten adults under single
hop vine. Infestations of the BEAN APHID (Aphis fabae) were heavy on
small acreages of safflower in the Moscow area. ~

£pOq o

Fruit Insects

High populations of adult STRAWBERRY LEAF ROLLER (Ancylis comptana
fragariae) appeared in strawberry patches in the vicinity of Moscow.
Cae rollers caused injury in a few strawberry fields scattered throughout
State. CUTWORMS, unidentified species, caused moderate to extensive
damage on small fruit plantings throughout the State with severe damage
on strawberries in Gem County. Scattered infestations of ORIENTAL
FRUIT MOTH caused some injury in fruit orchards, particularly in the
Homedale area. PEAR SLUG (Caliroa cerasi) occurred on pear trees
in Twin Falls and infested ornamental shrubbery. Damage appeared in
most untreated pear and cherry orchards throughout the southwestern,
central and northern parts of Idaho. HUROPEAN EARWIG (Forficula
auricularia) was a minor pest of apricot trees in southwestern Idaho.
SINUATE PEAR TREE BORER (Agrilus sinuatus) was active in prune
orchards in southwestern Idaho. Some orchards had large populations
of moths resulting from a build-up over several years. Fruit growers
are now contemplating an extensive control program to prevent heavy
tree loss. YELLOW-NECKED CATERPILLAR (Datana ministra) was
found in the Lewiston area infesting fruit crops; considerable defoliation
on unsprayed trees. Heavy infestations of WOOLLY APPLE APHID
(Eriosoma lanigerum) developed on new-growth apple twigs in Moscow
area even where trees had previously been sprayed twice. Populations
of, and injury due to CODLING MOTH (Carpocapsa pomonella), PEACH
TREE BORER (Sanninoidea exitiosa), PEAR THRIPS (Taeniothrips
inconsequens), TREE CRICKETS and SHOT HOLE BORERS appeared
very light generally throughout the State. EUROPEAN RED MITE
(Metatetranychus ulmi) caused considerable damage to the development
of blossoms and leaves in apple and pear orchards throughout Idaho
where dormant sprays were omitted. Extremely heavy infestations of
Tetranychus spp. developed in orchards in Adams County in September.

Forest and Ornamental Insect Pests

BOXELDER BUG (Leptocoris trivittatus) adults were active around trees
and dwellings near hibernating areas during May. Spotted infestations of
JUNIPER SCALE (Diaspis carueli) occurred on some ornamental junipers
in southern Idaho. First winged adults of NORWAY-MAPLE APHID
(Periphyllus lyropictus) were found on maple trees in Moscow during
late May. Spotted, severe infestations occurred throughout the season
on maple trees in Moscow. Low spring predator populations probably
accounted for the general build-up. Heavy infestations of the aphid

were also found on maples in Twin Falls. Extremely heavy defoliation
of elms by ELM LEAF BEETLE (Galerucella xanthomelaena) in Boise
Valley where trees were not sprayed for control. High populations of
two species of APHIDS(Myzocallis sp. and M. tiliae) occurred on elm

and linden trees in Moscow, during August. Extremely severe infesta-
tions of COTTONY MAPLE SCALE (Pulvinaria innumerabilis) occurred
on maples in Emmett, August.6. LEAFHOPPERS, unidentified species,
were abundant on lawns throughout Idaho. One instance of severe injury
to lawns was reported from Buhl. A CHRYSOMELID (Altica plicipennis)
adults were very abundant on willow in the Salmon River canyon.
Scattered infestations of FALL WEBWORM (Hyphantria cunea) occurred
on apples, chokecherries and poplars in the Boise Valley area.

EEQOuEs

Several reports were received of extensive injury to flower gardens by
GARDEN SLUGS (Limax sp.) in the vicinity of Moscow and Cottonwood,
September 16. SPIDER MITES were severe on ornamental evergreens
in northern area.

Household Pests

Several reports were received of heavy infestations of CLOVER MITE
(Bryobia praetiosa) in homes in the Moscow, Gooding, Idaho Falls,

and Boise areas. Some damage occurred to plants, particularly prim-
roses and hyacinth around houses. Heavy egg deposition on apple trees
at Challis on reportedly well-sprayed trees. Extremely heavy populations
of RUROPEAN EARWIG(Forficula auricularia) were reported from
several areas. They were particularly abundant in and about dwellings
throughout Latah and Twin Falls Counties. ‘Two new infestations of
BROWN-BANDED ROACH (Supella supellectilium) were reported from
Twin Falls and Kuna. Established infestations have been recorded in
Idaho from Boise, in 1953 and subsequently from Nampa and Moscow.
New infestations of SUBTERRANEAN TERMITES were found in Challis,
Arco and Idaho Falls. Reports continued from widely scattered areas
on damage from these insects. Either infestations are increasing or
home owners are becoming more conscious of the infestations.

Livestock and Medically Important Pests
MIDGES were collected from the storage reservoir, Twin Falls City

water supply, by C. R. Reinstein, May 7. Two puparia and one full
grown larva of FALSE STABLE FLY (Muscina stabulans) were sent in
for identification by St. Joseph's Hospital in Lewiston. These specimens
were obtained from a patient and apparently passed with the feces. This
is one species commonly taken or supposed to be taken in intestinal
myiasis. CATTLE GRUBS - Many heel flies were actively ovipositing
on cattle in southwestern Idaho, June ll. Unidentified SIMULIDS were
reported to have caused loss of weight among range cattle in Owyhee
County. No survey of livestock pests was carried out in 195d.
Information on the livestock pest situation has been gathered from reports
sent into this office by reporters in the State.

Stored Products Insects

Inspections of farm grain storages in Boundary and Bonner Counties show
most infested with a variety of stored grain pests. Most commonly
collected were DERMESTIDS, FUNGUS BEETLES and GRANARY
WEEVILS, July 18. As with livestock pests, no concerted effort to
survey the stored grain insect situation was carried out.

KK OK KOK KK KK OK KK KOK KOK KKK XK

— 82) 2
Summary of Beet Leafhopper Conditions
in Southern Idaho and astern Oregon, 1955
Reported by J. R. Douglass

Beet leafhopper (Circulifer tenellus) populations and the acreage of
Russian-thistle in the fall of 1954 were approximately five times larger
than in 1958. Winter annual hosts germinated soon after the summer
weed hosts dried, and the insect entered the winter of 1954-55 under
favorable conditions. The winter was long and cold, which was
unfavorable for leafhopper survival. The spring weed-host plants were
generally abundant and widely distributed in most of the burned and
disturbed areas, while in the sagebrush areas they were dwarfed and
sparse. Over much of the spring breeding areas, the weed hosts were
unfavorable for producing high populations of leathoppers, because they
were growing either in dense stands or intermixed with nonhost grasses,
creating unfavorable environmental conditions. Spring studies of
representative breeding areas in 1955 showed an average of 16 over-
wintered beet leafhoppers per 100 square feet of weed-host area, as
compared with an average of 30 for the past 14 years. The alternating
cold and warm spring weather extended the egg-laying period of the
overwintered females from the latter part of March to late May.
Unseasonable, cold, stormy weather during April and May delayed the
development of and reduced the size of the spring generation. In one

of the most productive spring breeding areas, the peak of the first-
generation nymphal population was reached on June 7, when an average of
20 per square foot of weed-host area was recorded, as compared with
188 nymphs on May 17, 1954. Spring weed hosts began maturing and
drying during the latter part of May, and many dried before the insects
reached the winged stage. ‘The initial movement of the spring-generation
leafhoppers into beetfields began on June 8 and reached a peak on July 7,
when 70 adults per 100 square-foot samples were recorded, as compared
with 699 for the 21-year period of 1935-55. Tests of overwintered beet
leafhoppers collected in spring breeding areas showed that 10 percent
carried the virus of curly top. Readings of curly top infection in
commercial beanfields of south central Idaho showed that an average

of 0.3 percent of the snap beans and O percent of Great Northern U. I.
123 dry field beans was infected with curly top. An average of 1.8
percent of the sugar beet plants in south central Idaho and western
Idaho-eastern Oregon was infected with curly top. Fall studies of
representative summer breeding areas showed that the acreage of
Russian-thistle was about twice as large as in 1954. The fall population
of beet leafhoppers in 1955 was the largest since 1949 and was over
twice as large as the 1954 population. Because of late germination of
Winter annual host plants and cold weather, the leafhopper entered the
winter under adverse conditions.

FEAR EA A AR AE OK AK OK OR AE KR KOK KE IK aK A AK A aK 2K KKK KK OK

— [gyal a
SUMMARY OF INSECT CONDITIONS - 1955
OHIO

Reported by C. R. Weaver, R. B. Neiswander, C. R. Cutright,
J. P. Sleesman, L. H. Rolston, J. B. Polivka, R. W. Rings and
eee Parks

Forage Crop Insects
MEADOW SPIT'TLEBUG (Philaenus leucophthalmus) was about the same

as in 1954 with heavy infestation running in a wide area from northeast

to southwest across the State. First cutting red clover and alfalfa was

damaged about 10 percent, a dollar loss of $7, 700,000. LESSER CLOVER

LEAF WEEVIL (Hypera nigrirostris) continued at a high level. Loss to

red clover first cutting was estimated at 3 percent, a dollar value loss

of $1, 600, 000. POTATO LEAFHOPPER (Empoasca fabae) failed to de-

velop on second cutting alfalfa but caused widespread damage to third

cutting. Estimated loss to third cutting was 25 percent, a dollar value

loss of $1, 500, 000. CLOVER ROOT BORER (Hylastinus obscurus)

continued to maintain high population levels. As in 1954 it was responsible

for about 20 percent loss of the second cutting red clover crop. Dollar

losses due to this insect probably amounted to about $5, 000, 000.

SWEETCLOVER WEEVIL (Sitona cylindricollis) was generally abundant.

ALFALFA PLANT BUG (Adelphocoris lineolatus) was not abundant as

in 1954. GRASSHOPPERS were exceptionally abundant in local areas.

The newly-hatched nymphs were most noticeable in second cutting

alfalfa and new seedings of alfalfa after grain harvest. The nymphs
enerally dispersed when the crop was clipped or harvested. PEA APHID
Macrosiphum pisi) failed to develop as an important pest on alfalfa.

Corn Insects

EUROPEAN CORN BORER (Pyrausta nubilalis) fall populations were
higher in the northwestern counties than in 1954, but much lower in the
southwestern counties and slightly lower in the State as a whole. There
was practically no loss from stalk breakage or ear drop. Fall survey
showed monetary loss estimated at about $6,000,000. Early infestations
of CORN EARWORM (Heliothis zea) in sweet corn were lower than usual,
but mid- and late-season infestations were about normal. Damage to
field corn was generally light. CORN LEAF APHID (hopes, ue
maidis) infestations were spotty. Some fields of susceptible hybrids
were noticeably damaged in southwestern counties. NORTHERN CORN
ROOTWORM (Diabrotica longicornis) adults were generally present in
very light numbers. Moderate populations were found in two restricted
areas but no reliable estimate of damage. CORN FLEA BEETLE
(Chaetocnema pulicaria) was fairly abundant but the incidence of Stewart's
disease was lower than in other recent years. CHINCH BUGS and
ARMYWORMS were not important.

Turf Insects

JAPANESE BEETLE grubs were more abundant in some areas and

less in others. The infestation over the State as a whole was probably a
little higher than in 1954. WHITE GRUBS - Requests for control

auto aes

measures for Phyllophaga sp. were more numerous than usual in 1955.
Larvae were found causing considerable damage to turf in northwestern
Ohio in an area extending from Richland County through Wayne County
to Steubenville. Cyclocephala sp. was approximately as numerous as
in 1954. CUTWORMS were very numerous in pastures in Guernsey
County. Populations in other areas were about as usual. SOD
WEBWORMS were more numerous than in 1954, especially in golf
course greens.

Apple Insects

CODLING MOTH (Carpocapsa pomonella) was much less severe than in
1954 or even 1958. EUROPEAN RED MITE (Metatetranychus ulmi),
developing resistance to parathion, was more expensive to control due
to costs of extra sprays. However, infestations generally were not too
severe. TWO-SPOTTED MITE (Tetranychus telarius) was very light.
Both ROSY APHID (Anuraphis roseus) and APPLE APHID (Aphis pomi)
did little damage. RED-BANDED LEAF ROLLER (Argyrotaenia
velutinana) was severe. Orchards having from 5 to 8 percent of fruit
damaged were too common. APPLE MAGGOT (Rhagoletis pomonella)
was unusually severe and even appeared in some commercial orchards
where DDT was being widely used. PLUM CURCULIO (Conotrachelus
nenuphar) was about average.

Estimated losses due directly to apple pests, 1955:

CGodihinigentoth Urea Nien mM ae egal $ 80, 000
Orcha na Miles ire tink ues ohana « such =TOROOO
PlnimaeumculdOmtres: chs col cuee. cies Seep iatie tales 20, 000
Red-banded leafroller. . Sueititiaurentetise, ter .< 40, 000
EN OPUSAIMAIGG Ose. tshiei chia: clan ened sheet cones We fee ve 40, 000
FeO) atte fh Gab arty tae Roan es RSP OT Re eh PR 10, 000
Othe rSeageucues: Ay eee tay aa eines tata, I ad 10, 000

A Noyer: HOE aie hs $270, 000

Cost of insect control. The 1955 Ohio crop of 4, 000, 000 bushels was
worth approximately $8, 000,000. The estimated cost of 20 cents per
bushel for insect and mite control is apportioned as follows:

CodlinGimounsgenrs sel aves et ate $ 500, 000
Or chardinaivesm ee sicy wreath ein ol 130, 000
JEMhaal Cbbaownliye) 4; AVA AU A Siena aaa ae 40, 000
Red=bandedmlcatrolllere su.) 4 arstsn les 50, 000
ENO MC RTM AG TOL Tuer uetiee ich rear tales Basen tl 43, 000
TOS Var a OHA G ev eeitsu ness, stl, ihe oahe “apne ts a 16, 000
Onesie arate Suisun tit Sed aaken nce HAL apes A 16, 000
ROLAlTCOSMOrmeconeroll practiceswinis waste) 5
OSSHnespiteror controls practices. 0. {10 270, 000

Total loss from insect damage to apple crop - $1, 070, 000

= 36 5

Stone Fruit Insects

According to the best available estimates there were 1, 100, 000 bushels
of peaches produced in Ohio in 1955 and the average price was approxima
approximately $2.50. This makes a total peach crop value of

$2, 750, O00.

Based upon this and the annual peach insect survey the monetary damage
caused by various peach pests is estimated as follows:

Catefacing insects a.,0.mee es ec) ne $ 73, 041. 19
Grasshopperstau.c smog aateaen ees Jaye 26, 200. OO
Oriental truly ni Ob eareees= ri seen) eee 23, 000. OO
Pram cen cud aiousi.9 appear eae cies Le ek ck ae 19, 000. 00
Mate a.) Sin coed een met i Sa eee esa 10, 000. OO
Red-banded leaf roller. ......... d 6, 050. 00

MOte tyacniakiegs cite lkmehieons $ 157, 291. 19

Vegetable Crop Insects
Potato leafhopper, potato flea beetle, and Colorado potato beetle were

well controlled on commercial plantings. Populations of both the potato
leafhopper and potato flea beetle were above average, especially late in
the summer. Striped cucumber beetle, aphids, root maggots, and

onion thrips were of minor importance. ‘Two-spotted spider mite
populations were light in early summer, becoming heavy late in the
growing season. Cabbage caterpillars, both imported cabbageworm

and cabbage looper, were abundant. Infestations of tomato fruitworm
and Mexican bean beetle generally were light.

Insect Problems on Ornamentals and Forest Trees

EUROPEAN PINE SAWFLY (eodiprion Sertifer) and EUROPEAN PINE
SHOOT MOTH (Rhyacionia buoliana) continued as the major pests of
forest and Christmas tree plantings. The sawfly seemed most
troublesome on red and Scotch pine plantings in north central Ohio.
Shoot moth damage was limited largely to red pine but occurred in much
of the north half of the State. Following a low point in 1951, BAGWORMS
gradually increased in abundance and were again rather severe in
central and southern Ohio. In ornamental plantings they caused most
trouble on arborvitae and juniper. A number of requests for information
was received concerning three SCALE INSECTS: juniper scale (Diaspis
carueli), pine needle scale (Phenacaspis pinifoliae) and euonymus scale
(Unaspis euonymi). Of these the juniper scale caused most damage,
perhaps because of the relatively large number of Pfitzer juniper plants
in ornamental plantings. On roses FLOWER THRIPS (Frankliniella
tritici) continued as the most troublesome pest, but injury seemed less
severe than in 1954. Various species of MITES have increased in
abundance and were troublesome for nurserymen during 1955. Spruce
spider mite (Oligonychus ununguis) occurred most commonly, but_O,
bicolor, Vasates atlantazaleae, Eotetranychus multidigituli, and
cyclamen mite (Steneotarsonemus pallidus), all caused injury. Two
gall-forming mites (Vasates quadripedes and Aceria fraxinivorus) were
abundant also. In central and southern Ohio two LEAF GALLS on pin
oaks, marginal fold gall and vein pocket gall, were particularly

1B

troublesome for arborists. An outbreak of AZALEA LEAF MINER
(Gracilaria azaleella) occurred in Lake County. In a planting of
several acres every plant and nearly all leaves were infested. This
pest had not been observed in Ohio previous to 1955. ELM LEAF
BEETLE (Galerucella xanthomelaena) was abundant locally.

Miscellaneous

The following species were abundant or above normal in population
generally: European red mite, ants, crickets, grain weevils, termites,
Spittlebugs, boxelder bug and nitidulids.

= 88 =

GENERAL LIGHT TRAP INFORMATION—-1955

In response to several requests for information on light trap
operations, a questionnaire was prepared and sent to each

State clearing office. Thirty-nine States have replied. The
questionnaire covered the type of trap used and its distribution,
suggested report form and a check list for cooperators to
indicate species in which they were particularly interested. Of
the States replying, twenty-five submitted preferred lists of
insects to be included in the light trap survey. The first sixteen
insects in pacer of preference ore as follows: aeaeea
unipuncta, 23; Heliothis zea, 22; a ypsilon, B ame
frugiperda, 16; Protoparce sexta, ;_P. quinquemaculata, _
Peridroma margaritosa, 14; Empoasca fabae, ; Heliothis
virescens, 7; Feltia subterranea 7; Alabama arqillacea, 7;
Chorizaqrotis auxiliaris, 4; Pectinophora gossypiella, 4;

Total No. of No. of
State County. Type of Trap Wattage Bulbs Traps

Alabama ___Lee Black light 15 ik 1
Arkansas Arkansas Black light 15 1 1
Lincoln do.
Hempstead do.
Johnson do.
Crawford do.
Washington. do.

Coloradot ie is ain ee ee

Delaware Kent Black light 15 1 3

Georgia Tift Black light 15 1 1
Spalding do.
225, Nigh C Tar ice sks ca RAs Uae NB a EEE
Florida Alachua Black light 15 1 3
White electric 200 Ht 1
Dade Black light 15 1 5
Manatee Black light 15 1 1
Hillsborough do.
Jefferson do.
Palm Beach do.
Seminole do.
Idaho Latah Black light 15 1 1
Indiana Tippecanoe Black light 15 1 it
White electric 75 1 1
Lawrence Black light 15 1 il
Jefferson do.
Kansas Finney Black light 15 1
Ellis do.
Riley do.
Doniphan do.
Kentucky** Black light l5ea. ea. 16
Bl. light (blue) 15 1
Louisiana Madison Black light 15
Mercury vapor 100 1
Bat. Rouge Black light 15 1
Mercury vapor 100
Bossier Bl. light (blue) 15 1
St. Mary Mercury vapor 100 1 1
Tensas do.
Maine Cumberland Blue mazda 100 1
Kennebec White electric 100 1
Oxford White electric 200
Franklin Whiteelectric 200 1 2
2-mantle gasol. 200 1
Somerset White electric 200 1
2-mantle gasol. 200
Piscataquis White electric 200
2-mantle gasol. 200 1
Penobscot Blue mazda 100 1
White electric 200 2
Aroostook Blue mazda 100 1
White electric 200 1 4
2-mantle gasol. 200. 3
Maryland Montgomery Black light 15 1
Minnesota Polk Minn. type (dayigt.) 150 1 1
St. Louis do.
Otter Tail do.
Ramsey do.

Nobles do.

Anticarsia qemmatilis, 3; Pyrausta nubilalis, 3; and Acontia
gacia, 3. Distribution and type of trap are shown on the
accompanying table and map.

In 1955, reports of catches were submitted weekly from many
of the traps included on the map. The chart which follows the
map has been compiled as an example of how the light trap
information is being correlated to study the seasonal trends of
various insects. Although records received are not inclusive
for the entire season or for all traps, the armyworm moth
records from a few of the traps have been used to develop the
example given.

Total No. of No. of
State County Type of Trap Wattage __ Bulbs Traps
Mississippi Washington Fluorescent 5 1 1
Black light 15 1 1
Mercury vapor 400 1 1
Oktibbeha Fluorescent 15 1 2
Coahoma Fluorescent 15 1 1
Pearl R. do.
Humphreys do,
Missouri Boone Black light 15 1 1
Newton do.
Pemiscot do
North Car. Duplin Black light 15 it 1
ao Johnston do.
Ohio Wayne Incandescent 150 1 1
Washington do.
Oklahoma Carter White electric 40 1 1
Garfield do.
Jackson do.
Oklahoma do.
Payne do.
Black light 15 1 1
Pittsburg do.
Tillman do.
Oregon Coos Black light 15 1 1
South Car. Charleston Black light 15 1 1
Black light 60 4 1
Florence Black light 15 1 1
Black light 30 2 1
Mercury vapor 400 1 ii
Oconee Black light 15 1 1
Tennessee Cumberland Black light 30 2 1
Greene do.
Knox do.
Lawrence do.
Madison do.
Maury do.
Robertson do.
Shelby do.
Texas Brazos Black light 60 4 1
Erath Black light 15 1 1
Hidalgo do.
Jefferson do.
Kaufman do.
Zavala do.
Utah Cache White electric 200 1 i
2-mantle gasol. 200 1
Davis 2-mantle gasol. 200 1
Virginia Nansemond Black light 15 1 1
Pittsylvania Black light 30 2 1
Washington Benton Black light 15 1 2
West Va. _Monongalia Black light 15 1 2

* Lights used have one 150 watt bulb each. No number or location
submitted.

** Traps distributed from southwest to northeast.

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1955 LIGHT TRAP COLLECTIONS chart by Economic Insect

| = 100 Specimens i
Survey Section, PPC/ARS
Reported by States PSEUDALETIA UNIPUNCTA USDA, Jaruary, 1956

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x

AGRICULTURAL RESEARCH SERVICE

PLANT PEST CONTROL BRANCH

ECONOMIC INSECT SURVEY SECTION

The Cooperative Economic Insect Report is
Issued weekly as a service to American Agri-
culture. Its contentsare compiled from informa-
tion supplied by cooperating State, Federal, and
industrial entomologists and other agricultural
workers. In releasing this material the Branch
serves as a clearing house and does not assume

responsibility for accuracy of the material.

Reports and inquiries pertaining to this release
should be mailed to:

Economic Insect Survey Section
Plant Pest Control Branch
Agricultural Research Service
United States Department of Agriculture
Washington 25, D. C.

Volume 6 February 10, 1956 No. 6

(CO OIL 1S AEA dss eS ON] CUMOWC), MENS) 18 (© AP. ey lay DOusy ay

Highlights of Insect Conditions

SPOTTED ALFALFA APHID active in areas of New Mexico, Texas and
Oklahoma. Continues lower than last year in Arizona. (p. 98).

CHINCH BUG outlook for 1956 (map). (p. 94).

FALSE CHINCH BUGS damaging turnips and lettuce in Rio Grande Valley,
mhexasn1 (po: ‘O5).

Distribution of MEXICAN BEAN BEETLE in the United States (map).
(p. 96).

SUMMARY OF INSECT CONDITIONS 1955 - North Carolina (p.100),
Arkansas (p. 106), Alaska (p. 110).

FEAR A A A A A A AK 2 A A A AS A AS 2 AE 2G 2 RK 2K 2K AK AK 2 KE KK 2K KK OK EK OK 2K OK 2K AK OK OK 2K KOK 2 KK

Reports in this issue are for the week ending February 3, 1956, unless
otherwise stated.

Bop) 3

WEATHER FOR THE WEEK ENDING FEBRUARY 6, 1956

Snowstorms raging across central and eastern New Mexico and northwest-
ern ‘lexas were the worst experienced in that area in half a century. They
began on Wednesday and continued through Friday, blanketing the area
with snowfall ranging from about 6 to 18 inches, paralyzing traffic with
drifts to 9 feet, marooning school children and disrupting telephone and
power service. All but the southern and extreme eastern parts of Texas
were under coatings of snow and ice. The weather was much colder than
usual over the western two-thirds of the Nation. This condition existed

as the high pressure center which had moved in from Canada became
stagnated in that area early in the period. The eastern third of the Nation
and a small area in the upper Lake region experienced above normal
temperatures. In the West, average temperatures were below normal by
-21~ in the areas of eastern Washington and Oregon, Idaho and southwest-
ern Montana and by -18° in the southeastern Colorado-western Texas areas.
Freezing temperatures were observed in northern and western portions of
Texas on all days, while on some occasions they extended beyond the
southwest border of the State. Fronts were reported on the 3rd from the
Pomona area of Calif., necessitating some firing in citrus orchards.

On February 1, Pocatello, Idaho, Airport reported -27°F, its lowest
February temperature for an 18 year period of record. Warm moist

Gulf air being forced over the colder Continental air caused most of the
week's significant precipitation. Heavy to moderate weekly amounts fell
as rain, snow, sleet, or freezing rain in the Texas-New Mexico blizzard
area and from the Gulf Coast northeastward as far as the New England
States.

The highest weekly amounts, ranging from 4 to over 6 inches, were
recorded in eastern Tennessee and northern Mississippi, Alabama, and
Georgia. Elsewhere over the country precipitation was mostly light to
occasionally moderate. The snow cover now extends southward into the
Texas Panhandle, and portions of New Mexico, with 5 inches at Lubbock
and Amarillo, Texas. Elsewhere there is little change over last week in
depths or southward extent. Although snow occurred intermittently along
the Canadian Border and in the Central Great Plains on eastward to the
Atlantic Coast, some melting occurred or falls were light. Depths in the
extreme North range up to 36 inches, reported at Houghton, Mich. In the
western mountain areas Twin Lakes, Calif. reported a depth of 107 inches,
Crater Lake, Oreg., 118 inches, and Mount Baker Lodge, Wash., 196
inches. Rivers and lakes in the New England States are mostly frozen
over and ice thickness is increasing in the North with Greenville, Me.,
reporting 28 inches. Thicknesses on the Missouri River are 25 inches at
Huron, 8. Dak., and 26 inches at Bismarck, N. Dak. On the Mississippi,
La Crosse, Wisc., reports 16 inches, while in the Great Lakes area
Duluth, Minn., gives a measurement of 21 inches of ice. (Summary
Supplied by U. S. Weather Bureau).

599 =
CEREAL AND FORAGE INSECTS

GREENBUG (Toxoptera graminum) - TEXAS - Medium, local infesta-
tion on oats in Falls County. (Atkins).

PEA APHID (Macrosiphum pisi) - ARIZONA - General in tall alfalfa in
Pinal County, Jan. 23-25. Infestation light to medium, probably not
enough to warrant control at that time. (Ariz. Coop. Rept. ).

SPOTTED ALFALFA APHID - ARIZONA - Reported infesting shrub
alfalfa or alfalfa bush (Medicago sp.), an ornamental near Scottsdale,
Jan. 26. Populations on alfalfa lower than at this time in 1955 and even
seedlings are not being treated. (Ariz. Coop. Rept.). NEW MEXICO -
Infestations medium to heavy in Dona Ana, Eddy, De Baca and Quay
Counties. Low temperatures decrease effectiveness of insecticides,
but not size of infestations. (Durkin, Jan. 28). OKLAHOMA - Injuring
new growth of alfalfa in Oklahoma County. (Stiles). TEXAS - Light,
widespread infestations on alfalfa in Zavala and Dimmit Counties.
ae Medium, local infestations on alfalfa in Fort Bend County.
Hardy).

MOLE CRICKET - GEORGIA - Heavy damage to grass on fairway of golf
course in Laurens County. Some affected areas one-half acre in size.
(Johnson).

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FRUIT INSECTS

SAN JOSE SCALE (Aspidiotus perniciosus) - FLORIDA - Severely
infesting leaves of pear at Glen St. Mary, Baker County, Jan. 5.(Kin g).
Adults averaging two per stem of pear at Beresford, Volusia County,
Jan. 24. (Roberts).

A MITE (Eriophyes prunidemissae) - OREGON - New species collected
August 24, 1955 at The Dalles on Prunus demissa. (Det. H. H. Keifer).
Species known only from type material collected at McCloud, California
and The Dalles, Oregon. (Swenson).

COCONUT MEALYBUG (Pseudococcus nipae) - FLORIDA - Numerous on
avocado at Lutz, Hillsborough County, Jan. 24. (Thalgott).

A TWIG PRUNER (Hypermallus villosus) - SOUTH CAROLINA - Numerous
complaints of grape vines being damaged in Spartanburg County. (Feree).

TRUCK CROP INSECTS

&
VEGETABLE WEEVIL (Listroderes costirostris obliquus) - GEORGIA -
Moderate damage to leaves of turnips in Jasper County. (Johnson).

FALSE CHINCH BUG (Nysius ericae) - TEXAS - Heavy, local infestations
on wild mustard and spinach in Zavala County. (Richardson). Heavy
damage occurring in turnip and lettuce fields in Rio Grande Valley.
(Wene, Deer).

CABBAGE LOOPER (Trichoplusia ni) - TEXAS - Light, local infestations
on cabbage in Rio Grande Valley. (Wene, Deer).

DIAMONDBACK MOTH (Plutella maculipennis) - TEXAS - Medium to -
heavy populations of larvae in many cabbage fields in Rio Grande Valley.
(Wene, Deer).

CABBAGE APHID (Brevicoryne brassicae) - TEXAS - Light, local
infestations scattered throughout Rio Grande Valley. (Wene, Deer).

THRIPS - NEW MEXICO - Adults and nymphs of Frankliniella moultoni
and Thrips tabaci active in medium to heavy infestation on commercial
plantings of seedling onions in Mesilla Valley. Most growers controlling
with insecticides. (Durkin, Jan. 28).

ONION THRIPS (Thrips tabaci) - TEXAS - Average about one per onion
plant in Rio Grande Valley. (Wene, Deer).

AN APHID (Macrosiphum ambrosiae) - TEXAS - A major problem in
lettuce fields of Rio Grande Valley. (Wene, Deer).

A LEAF MINER (Liriomyza sp.) - TEXAS - Light on seedling tomatoes in
Rio Grande Valley. (Wene, Deer). :

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INSECTS AFFECTING MAN AND ANIMALS

CATTLE LICE - NORTH DAKOTA - Survey in parts of Cass and Traill
Counties showed medium infestation of Haematopinus eurysternus in a
herd of feeder cattle. A few animals with heavy infestations were losing
weight. Light to medium infestation of Bovicola bovis on two young bulls
and young dairy cows in herds where no controls were applied. Infesta-
tions of Linognathus vituli on two young cows ina dairy herd. (N. D.
ina, InSite Seavey

CATTLE GRUBS - VIRGINIA - Averaged 1.2 per head in a herd of 31 at
Blacksburg. For the total, 46 percent were closed and 54 percent were
open. (Turner, Raffensperger).

SHEEP SCAB MITE (Psoroptes equi ovis) - VIRGINIA - Found on 47 of
4575 sheep inspected in Virginia during January, and 510 head were
dipped. (Va. Livestock Health Bul., Jan. 1956).

—— oS ee SSS ee es

Of 77 head of cattle examined in Antlers area Jan. 30 - 31, 36 were
infested-with one or both of BLACK-LEGGED TICK and LONE STAR TICK.
Average number of CATTLE GRUBs per animal was 3.2. A large per-
centage of grubs have fallen to ground. Six of the 77 head were infested
with Solenopotes capillatus, Average number of grubs per animal in

Harper County Jan. 30, for 350 steers from 9-12 months old was 9.1; for
200 cows, 2-4 years old, average was 4.3 per animal. (Howell, Coppock).

FOREST, ORNAMENTAL AND SHADE TREE INSECTS
MEALYBUGS - NEW MEXICO - Heavy populations on nursery stock in
several nurseries in Albuquerque. (Durkin, Jan. 28).

SCALE INSECTS - FLORIDA - All stages of Furcaspis biformis averaging
50 per leaf on terrestrial orchid at Rockdale, Dade County, January 5.
Average of 10 Howardia biclavis adults per stem of snowberry at
Homestead, Dade County, January 6. (Miles). Average of 121 Parlatoria
crotonis adults per leaf of croton at Ft. Myers, Lee County, January 5.
(Denmark). All stages of Ceroplastes ceriferus averaging 1-6 per plant on
podocarpus at Winter Haven, Polk County, January 16. (Whitmore).

STORED PRODUCT INSECTS

STORED GRAIN PESTS - OKLAHOMA - Survey of 12 premises in eastern
Oklahoma showed 10 infested with one or more of the following: black

2, OF.

carpet beetle, cadelle, Angoumois grain moth, saw-toothed grain
beetle, confused flour beetle, lesser grain borer and cowpea weevil.
Economic damage was present in five establishments with very serious
damage in one. (Howell, Coppock).

AN OTITID (Chrysomyza demandata) - OKLAHOMA - Widespread in
trench silos of Alfalfa County. (Stiles).

MISCELLANEOUS INSECTS

TEXAS (College Station, 1/30-2/3/56): Pseudaletia fe ne Fe
Prodenia ornithogalli, 22; Feltia subterranea, ll; Agrotis malefida :
(Winter Haven, 1/16-31/56): P. unipancta, 8U; P. ornithogalll,
Laphygma frugiperda, 1; Agrotis ypsilon, 4; FP. subterranea, 19;
Heliothis zea, 1; A. malefida, 93. (Weslaco, 1/16-31/58): Pe 2
unipuncta, 48; BP. ornithogalli, 500; L. frugiperda, 4; A. ypsilon, 35;
F. subterranea, 208; H. zea, 24; A. malefida, 301. LOUISIANA
Clalinan yw 0727/22/56) Ae) aalleti dans) PA yosulomy sii
subterranea, 9; P. ornithogalli, 16; P. unipuncta, 24. SOUTH :
CAROLINA (Charleston, 1/16-22/56): PB. unipuncta, 10; A. ypsilon, 19;
F. subterranea, 1. ALABAMA (Auburn, 1/30-2/4): A, malefida, 1.
GEORGIA (Tift County, 1/21-27): PB. unipuncta, 1; A. malefida, 2;

in SublemGanecan 4.

TERMITES - FLORIDA - Adults of Prorhinotermes simplex collected
from door frame at Ft. Lauderdale, Broward County, Dec. 17, 1955, and
Swarming, same city, Jan. 3, 1956. Winged reproductives of
Reticulitermes hageni collected at Ft. Lauderdale, Jan. 22. (Det. L. A.
Hetrick). (Clements).

RECENT INTERCEPTIONS AT PORTS OF ENTRY

Of interest was the recent interception of a living larva of the so-called
cabbage moth, Mamestra brassicae (L.), on cabbage in ships' stores
from the Netherlands at Mobile, Alabama (Turk). ‘This insect has been
reported injurious to crucifers, particularly cabbage throughout most of
Europe, northern Asia and West Africa. It is said to cause considerable
injury in some parts of its extensive range every year with very serious
damage in occasional years in certain localities. Twenty to 30 percent
annual injury to cabbage in Bulgaria was reported for a number of years.
In Japan, it is said to be a pest of some importance on soybeans and peas.
In addition to cabbage and cauliflower, its preferred hosts, it is said to
attack a wide variety of plants including rape, turnip, beets, carrots,
eggplant, flax, lettuce, onions, peas, potato, soybeans, sunflower,
tobacco, tomato, poppy and many weeds. Observations on its life history
in Bulgaria indicate it overwinters in the pupal stage in the soil. Adults
appear in early spring. ‘The females deposit eggs in large masses on
leaves for a period of about a week (over 2, 000 eggs were recorded

oon

for one female in laboratory studies). Eggs hatch in about a week and
the larvae feed for about a month on the leaves often defoliating the
plants. Larvae at times seem to bore into the heart of the plant,
particularly cabbage. Reports from Japan indicate the larvae feed only
at night. The pupal stage lasts 2-8 weeks in the summer and 4-6
months or longer during the winter. There are two generations a year.
Living larvae of M. brassicae have been intercepted on numerous
occasions at various ports on cabbage, and cauliflower in ships' stores
from European sources. Occasional interceptions have been recorded
iid WENCIOUIS OildSie nosis Sle els) zhao, Celleicyy, joeheslleny, iubleiaiyo Javeielorss.
strawberries and shamrocks from EKuropean countries. ‘This insect is
not known to occur in the United States. (Compiled - Plant Quaratine
Branch).

- 100 -
SUMMARY OF INSECT CONDITIONS - 1955
NORTH CAROLINA
Reported by M. H. Farrier

Only one newly-introduced injurious insect pest was recorded in the State
during 1955. In a special spring survey the ALFALFA WEEVIL (Hypera
postica) was found on alfalfa in Granville and Vance Counties where it has
spread across into North Carolina from Virginia. A PARASITIC MITE
(Haemolaelaps megaventralis) was taken from poultry litter in Wake,
Henderson and Alexander Counties for the first time in the State. As large
groups, flea beetles, lace bugs and leafhoppers were particularly
abundant during the year.

General Pests

The CORN EARWORM (Heliothis zea) was without question the most
important single insect-pest in the State during the past season. Eggs and
first-instar larvae were first observed on young corn in Wake County
during week of May 23. Infestations in sweet corn in Duplin County were
heavy by June 25. Damage was not limited only to Coastal Plain counties
but later in the season extended westward into central counties, attacking
tomatoes and butterbeans in home gardens and also field peas, alfalfa,
Sudangrass. Especially important was the molding milo heads during
heavy rains after being attacked. Improper filling of some field corn was
noted in south central counties due to this pest. Small BOLLWORM
larvae were first noticed attacking cotton in Scotland County during the
week of May 28. Five to 95 percent of bolls were damaged and larvae
we1e eating leaves in fields examined in Harnett County on August 19.

The population increased markedly in the Piedmont region in late August.
Though difficulty was encountered in using characters heretofore
believed reliable for separation of larvae of Heliothis zea and Heliothis
virescens, counts on tobacco heads during week of August 19 indicated
about 75 percent of larvae were H. zea and only 25 percent were the
TOBACCO BUDWORM (H. virescens). _

Local heavy infestations of CHINCH BUG (Blissus leucopterus) occurred
in south central and eastern counties on small grains from mid-March to
early June. General, but only locally severe infestations were noted
through mid-September in corn and milo in the Piedmont region.
ARMYWORM (Pseudaletia unipuncta) first attacked oats in Carteret
County in mid-April and later destroyed the field. Scattered, heavy,
local attacks of many small grains, pastures and forage crops occurred
in Piedmont region through May. In August, there were moderate to
severe attacks of Sudangrass and millet in the same areas. In early June
larvae of early instars were present in the western part of State. BLACK
CUTWORM (Agrotis ypsilon) lightly damaged corn early in numerous
Hyde County fields. Cabbage was injured by the VARIEGATED CUTWORM
(Peridroma margaritosa) in Carteret County. Numerous infestations of
unidentified cutworms from various areas of the State were reported in
young tobacco and cotton. GRASSHOPPERS (Melanoplus mexicanus and

= i0l =

M. femur-rubrum) caused light replanting of newly-set tobacco in
southeastern counties by eating out the terminal bud. They were numer-
ous on alfalfa in Wake County in early July. JAPANESE BEETLE
(Popillia japonica) caused moderate to severe damage in localized
outbreaks on ornamentals and garden plants as well as tobacco and soy-
beans. SOUTHERN CORNSTALK BORER (Diatraea crambidoides)
damaged corn in south central counties and LESSER CORNSTALK BORER
(Elasmopalpus lignosellus) caused 25 percent loss in some soybean

fields in Currituck County. STALK BORER (Papaipema nebris) damaged
some corn in Craven County. Other general feeders were PALE-SIDED
CUTWORM (Agrotis malefida), YELLOW-STRIPED ARMYWORM
(Prodenia ornithogalli), SALT-MARSH CATERPILLAR (Estigmene acrea)
and the VEGETABLE WEEVIL (Listroderes costirostris obliquus).

Cereal and Forage Crops
Corn was severely damaged in some instances, mainly in northeastern

counties by the SUGARCANE BEETLE (Euetheola rugiceps). SEED-CORN
MAGGOT (Hylemya cilicrura) destroyed an entire stand in Cleveland
County and was more severe in newly-set tobacco in fields planted in
small grain the previous year. Also damaging corn were MAIZE
BILLBUG (Calendra maidis), ELONGATE FLEA BEETLE (Systena
elongata) and CORN LEAF APHID (Rhopalosiphum maidis).- Soybeans
were attacked principally by the BEAN LEAF BEETLE (Cerotoma
trifurcata). The following damaged soybeans lightly: MEXICAN BEAN
BEETLE (Epilachna varivestis), VELVETBEAN CATERPILLAR
(Anticarsia gemmatilis) A GRAPE COLASPIS (Colaspis sp.), GREEN
CLOVERWORM (Plathypena scabra) and THRIPS. LEAFHOPPERS

and THREE-CORNERED ALFALFA HOPPER (Spissistilus festinus)
caused general and moderate damage in alfalfa in late summer over the
entire Piedmont region. PEA APHID (Macrosiphum pisi) was spotty on
alfalfa throughout the State. GREENBUG (Toxoptera qraminum) was
widespread in Forsyth County on small grain in the spring and in
Harnett County in the fall. POTATO LEAFHOPPER (Empoasca fabae)
caused moderate damage to peanuts in eastern counties. ‘TOBACCO
THRIPS (Frankliniella fusca) and other thrips averaged 6. 8 per 10
terminals on peanuts in Edgecomb County in mid-May.

Fruit Insects

The apple and peach crops were very light due to killing late-spring
frosts. Larvae of CODLING MOTH (Carpocapsa pomonella) survived
these freezes and the first moth was-taken in a bait pail in Wilkes
County on April 19. One moderate infestation was observed in an apple
orchard in Ashe County which was not sprayed until extent of freeze
damage was ascertained. Over-wintering pupae of ORIENTAL FRUIT
MOTH (Grapholitha molesta) were unaffected by late-spring freezes and
first adult was taken in bait pail in Wilkes County on April 6. One
peach orchard in Macon County was moderately damaged. First adult of
RED-BANDED LEAF ROLLER (Argyrotaenia velutinana) was taken
May 2 in Wilkes County. Young APPLE APHIDS (Aphis pomi) were
killed by late March freeze but unhatched eggs were not affected. First
crawlers of OYSTERSHELL SCALE (Lepidosaphes ulmi)

- 102 -

appeared April 8-15 and peak had passed by May 2 in Wilkes County.
PEACH THEE BORER (Sanninoidea exitiosa) was moderate to severe in
peach trees where not controlled. Average emergence of adults in an
untreated group of trees in Wake County was 5.4 per tree. A light
infestation of SCURFY SCALE (Chionaspis furfura) was reported from
Watauga County on apple and AGRAPE TUBE GALL (Itonida viticola)
was infesting Seneca grape in Iredell County. First-generation eggs of
the EUROPEAN RED MITE (Metatetranychus ulmi) were found April 18
in Alexander County; however only the first eggs of the over-wintering
female of A SPIDER MITE (Tetranychus schoenei) were found during the
week of May 14. Only one infestation of the TWO-SPOTTED MITE was
noted in one apple orchard in Alexander County.

Truck Crop Insects

The most severe and widespread tobacco plant bed pest was TOBACCO
FLEA BEETLE (Epitrix hirtipennis). Other plant bed pests were MOLE
CRICKETS (Scapteriscus acletus and Gryllotalpa hexadactyla),
VEGETABLE WEEVIL, MIDGE larvae, CRANE FLY larvae, CUT-
WORMS, APHIDS and WHITE GRUBS. Newly-set tobacco was attacked
by GRASSHOPPERS and by TOBACCO WIREWORM (Conoderus
vespertinus), with injury by the latter ranging from 20 - 95 percent and
limited to the Coastal Plain. TOBACCO HORNWORM (Protoparce
sexta) eggs and small larvae were reported during week of May 23 in
southeastern counties. Peak of second brood reached the week of

July 22 in southeastern counties, after which insecticide applications
eliminated the natural trend except in untreated fields where the last
larval instars were present the week of August 12. By September 2, all
tobacco in southeastern counties had been primed; however the uncut
stalks provided ample food for the third brood. Little trouble was
experienced in the northern counties with hornworms and none were pre -
sent in the burley areas. TOBACCO FLEA BEETLE was light in all
areas through early July but damage was cumulative. By mid-July,
damage reports were spotty but generally distributed. Many south-
eastern fields were harvested before damage became severe but use of
insecticides particularly for the flea beetle, were necessary in north
central counties. Oviposition in the midrib of the leaf by the FOUR-
SPOTTED TREE CRICKET (Nigricornis quadripunctatus) caused light
damage generally in Coastal Plain and eastern Piedmont counties but
some fields were severely damaged. GREEN PEACH APHID (Myzus
persicae) was general throughout flue-cured tobacco areas and caused
only local damage during cooler weather. Feeding of BUDWORM
(Heliothis virescens) and CORN EARWORM (Heliothis zea) was limited
mainly to the buds and in areas of heavy populations harvest time
preceded the population peak. SUCKFLY (Cyrtopeltis minimus)
infestations were spotty and limited to southeastern counties on.suckers.
A SOD WEBWORM (Crambus sp.) injured 90 percent of a young field of
tobacco in Nash County and WHITE-FRINGED BEETLES (Graphognathus
sp. ) caused severe damage in a field in Columbus County. The MEXICAN
BEAN BEETLE was reported more difficult to control in Ashe County,
perhaps due to extensive rains. After frosts, adults were found feeding
on alfalfa in Wake County and reported attacking Ladino clover in

- 103 -

Transylvania County, but larvae were absent on both occasions.
CABBAGE LOOPER (Trichoplusia ni) damaged tobacco lightly in spots
but was generally distributed throughout eastern counties on cabbage.
An entire population on collards was wiped out by a disease, presumabl
virus, during heavy rains. IMPORTED CABBAGEWORM (Pieris apne)
and HARLEQUIN BUG (Murgantia histrionica) and APHIDS (Brevicoryne
brassicae and Myzus persicae) were locally severe, sometimes even
devastating, in southeastern counties. EGGPLANT FLEA BEETLE
(Epitrix fuscula) attacking eggplants and potatoes and POTATO FLEA
BEETLE (Epitrix cucumeris) attacking potatoes, were locally severe in
eastern counties Potatoes were heavily attacked by COLORADO
POTATO BEETLE (Leptinotarsa decemlineata) in June in eastern
counties and the VEGETABLE WEEVIL damaged turnips. SQUASH BUG
(Anasa tristis) caused complete losses in two fields in Currituck County
but did little damage in other eastern counties. EGGPLANT LACE BUG
(Gargaphia solani) increased to destructive numbers on untreated egg-
plants in Duplin County. Moderate damage occurred to snap beans in
early June due to the BEAN LEAF BEETLE (Cerotoma trifurcata).
SPOTTED CUCUMBER BEETLE (Diabrotica undecimpunctata howardi)
moderately damaged various truck crops in eastern counties. ‘TOMATO
RUSSET MITE (Vasates lycopersici) was taken on petunia in a green-
house in Burke County and SPIDER MITES were encountered on
strawberry, tomatoes and snapbeans in central eastern counties.

Cotton Insects

First reports of BOLL WEEVIL (Anthonomus grandis) were received
May 16 and were very light through the second brood in early July. By
mid-July about half the counties reporting indicated an average of over
10 percent of squares punctured. Of all counties reporting, the following
indicated high square punctures in late July and early August: Bertie,
Greene, Martin, Sampson, Scotland, Wake, Wayne, and Wilson.
Migration to woods was first noticed during week of August 26. BOLL-
WORMS were more severe in some counties than BOLL WEEVIL.
Further summary may be seen above under CORN EARWORM, Cotton
was hardest hit early by THRIPS in Union and Cleveland Counties but
generally little damage occurred. The CORN ROOT APHID (Anuraphis
maidi-radicis) and CORNFIELD ANT (Lasius niger alienus americanus)
severely damaged a field of cotton in Lee County. A few COTTON APHIDS
(Aphis gossypii) were present in Scotland and Union Counties in May but
damage was negligible. Five species of SPIDER MITES (Tetranychus
telarius, I. desertorum, T. tumidus, T. atlanticus, T’. schoenei) were
found on cotton in North Carolina during the year. Damage was light in
eastern counties due to heavy rains but dry conditions in central counties
enabled population increases to the point where general growth and boll
size were reduced in numerous fields, mainly by Tetranychus telarius.

Forest, Ornamental and Shade Tree Insects
Although entirely misrepresentative of economic losses incurred

throughout the western part of the State by SOUTHERN PINE BEETLE
(Dendroctonus frontalis) only one report was received of damage to pine
in Buncombe County. BLACK TURPENTINE BEETLE (Dendroctonus

- 104 -

terebrans) killed pine in a local infestation in Northampton County.
ENGRAVER BEETLES (Ips calligraphus, Ips grandicollis, and Ips avulsus)
caused serious and general damage to pine in Union, Anson, Stanley,
Cabarrus, Hoke, Wake and Wayne Counties. WHITE PINE SAWFLY
(Neodiprion pinetum) defoliated a young white pine thicket in Ashe County
and RED-HEADED PINE SAWFLY (Neodiprion lecontei) occurred on pine
in Caldwell County. BAGWORM (Thyridopteryx ephemeraeformis)

caused spotty damage to evergreens throughout the State. Serious.

losses occurred on pecans in Alamance County from HICKORY SHUC K -
WORM (Laspeyresia caryana). The BULB MITE (Rhizoqdlyphus

echinopus) caused 30 percent loss of 3000 bulbs in storage in Alamance
County, an entire field planting of gladiolus in Guilford County and damage
was observed to Easter lilies at numerous retail outlets in the State.

stored Products Insects

Damage to structural wood by A TERMITE (Reticulitermes flavipes) is
known to be general and occurs many times oftener than reported. They
were also reported "devouring commercial plantings" of chrysanthemums
in Caldwell County and were prevalent in several blueberry plantations in
eastern counties. Three species of POWDER POST BEETLES were
reported. Stephanopachys rugosus and Lyctus spp. attacked houses in
Wake County and one adult of Xylobiops basilaris caused concern by
boring into a cone of nylon thread in a textile mill at Lexington. Reports
from Buncombe and Martin Counties indicated stored corn was being
attacked by RICE WEEVIL (Sitophilus oryza). Light infestations of
TOBACCO MOTH (Ephestia elutella) in tobacco pack houses were seen in
Wayne, Wilson, Green, Wake and Harnett Counties. Infestations by
ANGOUMOIS GRAIN MOTH (Sitotroga cerealella) were observed in
stored wheat in August and September in Buncombe and Wake Counties.
CASEMAKING CLOTHES MOTH (Tinea pellionella) infested homes in
Bertie, Burkeand Wake Counties and hotels in Columbus and Pasquetank
County. Dermestid larvae damaged home-cured meats in Warren
County. Other stored products pests reported included COWPEA
CURCULIO (Chalcodermus aeneus), erroneously reported as pea weevil
(CEIR Vol. 5, No. 37), on garden and field peas in Union and Davidson
Counties. The MURKY-MEAL CATERPILLAR (Aglossa caprealis) was
found infesting stored tobacco in Columbus County.

Insects Affecting Man and Animals

During and after the hurricanes, in August and early September,
MOSQUITOES were a severe problem inland as far as Sampson and
Halifax Counties, in some instances driving laborers from the fields.
Biting and sweeping records were obtained for the following species in
Halifax County: Aedes vexans, A. sollicitans, A. atlanticus-tormentor
complex and Uranotaenia lowii. The latter, contrary to reports in the
literature, was taken in biting collections. Aedes sollicitans was the
more common species taken in light trap at Faison. Other species
taken were Anopheles crucians, Aedes mitchellae, A. vexans, Culex
pipiens and C. nigripalpus. A number of adults of the predatory
mosquito ‘Toxorhynchites rutilus septentrionalis were inside windows in
Ashe County. One case of HEAD LOUSE (Pediculus humanus capitis)

- 105 -

was found on a woman in Wake County. ‘Three infestations of BROWN
DOG TICK (Rhipicephalus sanguineus) were found in houses in Wake
County. In all cases, dogs were living in the homes. Early in the
season HOUSE FLY (Musca domestica) was not as prevalent as usual in
the Piedmont area. STICKTIGHT FLEA (Echidnophaga gallinacea)
heavily infested a flock of pullets in Rowan County. Local concern was
caused by BLACK WIDOW SPIDER (Latrodectus mactans), A VINEGAR
GNAT (Drosophila hydei), and CHIGGERS. A very severe epizootic of
the SCREW-WORM (Callitroga hominivorax) occurred in late summer
and early fall in south central counties. NORTHERN FOWL MITE
(Bdellonyssus sylviarum)was usually severe in Sampson and Wake
Counties during the winter and was increasing in a flock in Rockingham
County in October. CHICKEN MITE (Dermanyssus gallinae) severely
infested some poultry houses in Wake and Scotland Counties during the
spring and summer. An AIRSAC MITE (Cytodites nudus)caused general
debilitation in a Wake County pheasant flock. CATTLE LICE, WOOL
MAGGOTS, HORSE FLIES and PUNKIES also came to attention during
the year.

Beneficial Insects

LADY BEETLES (Coleomegilla fuscilabris and Hippodamia convergens)
and the INSIDIOUS FLOWER BUG (Orius Tcidiosins) were abundant in
corn and other truck crops in Duplin County in June. Many colonies of
the HONEY BEE (Apis mellifera) were starved out as a result of the
"spring freeze." In some areas, scarcity of honey bees as pollinators
was noted. Investigations on Top Sail Island indicated sufficient honey
bees present in late July to pollinate the large acreages of melons.

The first instance of a sour-wood honey flow as far east as Raleigh was
seen June 15 - July 8. The horse nettle throughout the Piedmont was
attacked by a LACE BUG but not severe enough to cause complete lack
of fruiting.

Miscellaneous Insects

Requests for identification and control of mites in fishworm cultures
indicated the families Parasitidae and Uropodidae were usually
represented. SPRINGTAILS were also present in the cultures and on
springs and wells in Graham County. A quart of Ataenius schwarzi
destroyed the lepidoptera in the Faison light trap the night of July 14.
EUROPEAN HORNET (Vespa crabro germana) captured honey bees at
artificial feeding station in Caldwell County. BOXELDER BUG
(Leptocoris trivittatus)caused local concern. The most commonly
reported roach was the GERMAN COCKROACH (Blattella germanica).
It was reported from homes in Nash and Iredell Counties and an avartment
building in Alamance County. BROWN-BANDED ROACH (Supella ~
supellectilium) was seen in numerous homes in Reidsville, Rockingham
County. CLOVER MITES, usually in large numbers, caused concern by
invading homes in Stokes, Person and Yadkin Counties in January,
Harnett County in April, and Rockingham County in December where
Oviposition was observed. Numerous calls were received from Wake
County residents for aid in flea control upon returning home from vaca-
tions in August and September.

- 106 -
SUMMARY OF INSECT CONDITIONS - 1995
ARKANSAS
Reported by L. O. Warren

Cereal and Forage Insects

ARMY WORM (Pseudaletia unipuncta) infestations were much lighter than
in 1954. Only local areas in the delta had damaging infestations. Control
applications were not generally applied. Natural control appeared to be
responsible for a considerable reduction in infestations. Approximately
40 percent of larvae and pupae collected in the field were parasitized by
hymenopterous and/or dipterous parasites. VARIEGATED CUTWORM
(Peridroma margaritosa) infestations were light in small grain but heavy
on early legume crops, particularly in central and western areas. CORN
EARWORM (Heliothis zea) was heavy on early legumes in local areas and
on alfalfa in late fall. Concurrent infestations of CORN EARWORM and
GREEN CLOVERWORM (Plathypena scabra) on alfalfa reduced plant
foliage by as much as 50 percent in individual fields of the Arkansas River
Valley during late fall. THREE-CORNERED ALFALFA HOPPER
(Spissistilus festinus) caused locally severe damage throughout the State.
Damage was most severe in late fall. APHID infestations (Macrosiphum
granarium, Rhopalosiphum maidis) were heavy on small grain in south-
western Arkansas and in local areas in the eastern half of the State
during early spring. Parasites and predators were effective in reducing
aphid infestations. SPOTTED ALFALFA APHID appeared in the State in
late summer. Infestations were first detected on alfalfa in southwest
area the last week of September. By December 1, infestations had been
observed in the extreme four corners of the State and in most of the
counties where alfalfa is grown. Infestations by January 1, 1956, were
locally heavy in several of these counties and control efforts may be
required this spring. CHINCH BUG (Blissus leucopterus) numbers were
much lighter in 1955 than 1954. A few damaging infestations were
reported on sorghum in southwest area. Elsewhere fall surveys showed
greatest numbers concentrated in four northeastern counties. Favorable
growing conditions and increased corn acreage favored the spread of
SOUTHWESTERN CORN BORER (Diatraea grandiosella) which appeared
in seven additional counties for the first time. EUROPEAN CORN BORER
(Pyrausta nubilalis) was likewise favored by weather conditions and
increased corn acreage. Infestations were detected in 18 additional
counties and south of the Arkansas River for the first time. Infestations
were heaviest in the northeastern counties east of Crowley's Ridge.
Heavy infestations of FALIL. ARMYWORM (Laphygma frugiperda) appeared
early in summer and continued locally heavy throughout the growing
season. Growing conditions favored plant recovery or tolerance of
infestations so that actual losses of corn due to FALL ARMYWORM were
not heavy. CORN EARWORM infestations were about normal on corn but
caused heavy damage to sorghums, particularly in the Arkansas River
Valley. RICE WATER WEEVIL (Lissorhoptrus simplex) infestations
were relatively light, causing no serious damage. Heavy infestations of
RICE STINK BUG (Solubea pugnax) were observed early on wheat.

- 107 =

However, infestations on rice were lighter than in 1954 and no reports
of crop losses were received. BEAN LEAF BEETLE (Cerotoma
trifurcata) was present in much lighter numbers on soybeans in 1955
than in 1954. Economic damage was caused in a few late-planted fields
of the Arkansas River Valley. GREEN CLOVERWORM likewise caused
damage in late fall on soybeans in this same area. GRASSHOPPER
infestations (mostly Melanoplus sp. ) caused much less noticeable
damage in 1955 than 1954. This was probably due in part to more
succulent plant growth. Natural control was favored in northwest area
by relatively cool and wet weather. Numbers were of economic
proportion in local areas of southwest area and in very local areas
elsewhere. Severe damage to Bermuda grass pastures was caused by a
SKIPPER (Atalopedes campestris) in the northwestern quarter of the
State. Larvae appeared in great numbers, moving as armyworms in
search of food.

Fruit Insects

Other than strawberries and bramble fruits, practically all fruit was
destroyed by the hard freezing weather of late March. STRAWBERRY
WEEVIL (Anthonomus signatus) infestations were about normal. Damage
by STRAWBERRY CROWN BORER (Tyloderma fragariae) was light in
1955. This was due to better control efforts as well as reduced acreage.
Some damage to peach orchards was caused by SHOT-HOLE BORER
(Scolytus rugulosus) and by LESSER PEACH TREE BORER (Synanthedon
pictipes). ORIENTAL FRUIT MOTH (Grapholitha molesta) likewise

was locally heavy due to failure of growers to make insecticide applica-
tions because of absence of fruit. PEACH TREE BORER (Sanninoidea
exitiosa) infestations appeared about normal.

Truck Crop Pests
Damage caused by CUTWORMS to gardens was about normal. HORN-

WORMS (Protoparce sp.) caused light to moderate damage to tomatoes.
GREEN PEACH APHID (Myzus persicae) numbers were light to non -
existent in the Arkansas River Valley. Late bean crops were severely
damaged by the CORN EARWORM in local areas. COWPEA CURCULIO
(Chalcodermus aeneus) were locally important, causing loss of the crop
for fresh packing in some instances. Early infestations of VEGETABLE
WEEVIL (Listroderes costirostris obliquus) damaged melon and tomato
plantings in scattered areas.

Cotton Insects

Seasonal weather conditions in late April and May were generally
favorable to planting of cotton. In local areas rainfall was not sufficient
and seedling emergence was either retarded or fields irrigated to obtain
a stand. Cold weather in June retarded plant growth but did not appear
to adversely affect BOLL WEEVIL (Anthonomus grandis). Weather in
July and August was favorable to plant growth as well as boll weevil
development over most of the State. Southwestern counties had a
deficiency of rainfall during early summer. Local drought conditions
prevailed in the extreme northeastern counties in late summer. THRIPS
infestations were light except in local areas. Some early season appli-

- 108 -

cations for control were made. Plant recovery from thrips attack was
rapid. SPIDER MITE infestations caused little trouble except in the
extreme northeastern counties. Mite infestations were spotty over the
rest of the State and control was needed in only local areas. BOLLWORM
(Heliothis sp.) infestations did not occur in serious numbers in 1955.
Insecticidal applications for boll weevil control was largely responsible
for the light bollworm damage even though moth flight and egg deposition
was heavy in late July and August. Many farmers used corn as a trap
crop for bollworm moths and green corn was available throughout the
growing season in most areas. Larval collections of bollworms from
cotton totaled 423 of which only 7 or 1. 6 percent were Heliothis virescens.
COTTON APHID (Aphis gossypii)populations built up in most areas
toward the latter part of the growing season. Damage was generally
light. Late season applications of insecticide for boll weevil tended to
keep infestations from getting out of hand. Locally heavy infestations of
COTTON FLEAHOPPER (Psallus seriatus) appeared in parts of east
central area. Elsewhere, they were light to non-existent. COTTON
LEAF WORM (Alabama argillacea) appeared in heavy numbers in the upper
Arkansas River Valley late in the season but caused no serious damage.
Eastern Arkansas had few leafworms suggesting that moth flight from
Texas was directly north rather than to the northeast. A single larva of
the BROWN COTTON LEAFWORM (Acontia dacia) was taken in
Hempstead County in early October. ‘The major insect problem of 1955
was BOLL WEEVIL. Except in the Arkansas River Valley and very local
areas in the northeastern and southwestern counties the number of
weevils emerging from hibernation was very light. Emergence of over-
wintered adults dragged out through early July so that there was not a
sharp break between broods except in single fields. Weather conditions
were very favorable to weevil development during this period and most
fields having infestations in June were on schedule by mid or late July.
Second-generation adults appeared in heavy numbers by August 10.
Frequent showers and rank growth hindered satisfactory control opera-
tions. Moderate weather conditions prevailed through September,
October and early November. Much of the cotton set on second growth.
Late season activity of boll weevil adults in the fields was observed
regularly at Varner, less so at Hope and at Eudora in Chicot County. On
a per acre basis the counts at Varner ranged from 4333 adults per acre
on October 7 to 496 per acre November 12. Tanglefoot traps located near
these fields showed that the heaviest movement of adults occurred the
week of November 7 during the season's first sub-freezing weather. At
Eudora, the numbers ranged from 4358 per acre October 24 to 587 per
acre November 8. The counts-of Hope averaged 18,7384 per acre on
October 24. Only an occasional weevil could be found on November 16,
following a hard freeze. While no counts were made, weevils were still
present in fields of northeastern areas the week of November 14.

Forest and Ornamental Insects

Damage by Nantucket pine moth (Rhyacionia frustrana) was lighter in 1955,
reflecting more favorable growing conditions. A PINE SAWFLY
(Neodiprion taedae linearis) increased over 1954, infesting several

hundreds of acres in eastern areas. Defoliation was not too Sevierser

- 109 -

however. Ips sp. caused less damage than in 1954, but attacks by the
BLACK TURPENTINE BEETLE (Dendroctonus terebrans) increased.
WEEVILS (Hylobius pales, Pissodes nemorensis and Pachylobius
picivorus) attacking new plantings destroyed more than 3, O00 acres
replanted following burns in 1954. As many as 17 adults were found on a
single seedling. A survey of insect damage to 7, 503, 200 acres of
primarily shortleaf-loblolly pine provided an estimated loss of

20, 0338, 544 board feet of timber caused by insects. The net loss, after
salvage, including cost of control, is thus estimated to be $525, 224. 00.
This compares with a loss of $832, 500.00 in 1954. Complete figures on
loss of new plantings are not available. However, the value of known
losses was set at $8,550.00. The above figures do not include any
losses to hardwoods by insect activity. ELM LEAF BEETLE
(Galerucella xanthomelaena) damage was heavy on Chinese elms over all
but the northwestern counties. Damage to fruit and nursery stock by
various species of insects is estimated to be $34, 000. 00 during 1955.
Livestock Pests

Weather conditions favored HORNFLY (Siphona irritans) infestations

which were comparatively heavy throughout the season. LICE and
TABANIDS showed no sharp change over 1954. Weather favored TICK
infestations and while numbers were not particularly heavy, the trend of
infestations was upward. Reports were received of serious SCREW-WORM
attack (Callitroga sp. ) from several counties of the State, particularly on
late-dropped calves. CATTLE GRUBS (Hypoderma sp.) were not much
different than in 1954.

Insects of Medical Importance
During 1955, one civilian case of malaria was reported from Conway

County and five cases from Camp Chaffee. MOSQUITO and FLY control
programs were conducted by County Health Units in 14 delta counties at a
cost of approximately $40, 000. 00. MOSQUITO control programs were
conducted in 24 towns at a cost of $55, 000.00. BEDBUGS (Cimex
lectularius) appeared more numerous than in several years.

Beneficial Insects

During 1955, 17,603 colonies of BEES were inspected. Of these 109 were
infested by American foul brood, 15 with European foul brood. ‘This com-
pares with 330 and 17 respectively for 1954. Value of the colonies lost is
approximately $3, 100. 00.

Miscellaneous Insects

COCKROACHES (Supella supdlectilium Blattella germanica and Blatta
orientalis) increased as pests in households, restaurants and hotels during
1955. TERMITES and POWDER POST BEETLES increased in 1955. The
poole control alone amounted to $906, 120. 00 compared with $840, 000. 00
in 1 ,

Acknowledgments
Information for certain portions of this summary was supplied by the

Arkansas State Plant Board, State Apiary Board, and Arkansas Forestry
Commission.

- 10 -
SUMMARY OF INSECT CONDITIONS - 1955
ALASKA
Reported by R. H. Washburn

Livestock Insects

MOSQUITOES were worst in open pasture as well as woods in six years.
Several species Culiseta and Aedes were involved from early June to
mid-August. Normal troublesome period ends late June. CATTLE
BITING LOUSE (Bovicola bovis) and LONG-NOSED CATTLE LOUSE
(Linognathus vituli) were troublesome on calves in Matanuska Valley area.

Ornamental Insects

A BIRCH APHID (Euceraphis betulae) was especially troublesome in
cities where white birch is used as an ornamental. Honeydew was very
objectionable. APPLE GRAIN APHID (Rhopalosiphum fitchii) was a pest
in many greenhouses. GREENHOUSE WHITEFLY (‘Trialeurodes
vaporariorum) was troublesome in Fairbanks .greenhouses.

Vegetable, Small Fruits, Forage Crop Insects
CUTWORMS were a very minor problem during the season. TURNIP

MAGGOT (Hylemya floralis) caused usual widespread injury to
cruciferous crops throughout the Territory. ONION MAGGOT (Hylemya
antiqua) injured green onions in one area of Matanuska Valley. MEADOW
SPITTLEBUG (Philaenus leucophthalmus) was numerous as usual in
strawberries, raspberries and other plants in southeast Alaska.

A STRAWBERRY ROOT WEEVIL (Brachyrhinus sp.) was found in Wasilla
area. First Alaskan record. URTICARIOUS CATERPILLARS caused
considerable annoyance in Koyuk River area especially to persons picking
berries. A WIREWORM (Ctenicera lobatus) was injurious to potatoes in
limited area of Matanuska Valley. GARDEN SLUGS were a nuisance in
gardens for first time in Anchorage area late in August.

FORRES RARIIRA I RAR AKRK EK

:
ESEARCH SERVICE

SEP RTMENT:

AGRICULTURAL RESEARCH SERVICE

PLANT PEST CONTROL BRANCH

ECONOMIC INSECT SURVEY SECTION

The Cooperative Economic Insect Report is
Issued weekly as a service to American Agrl-
culture. Its contentsare compiled from informa-
tion supplied by cooperating State, Federal, and
industrial entomologists and other agricultural
workers. In releasing this material the Branch
serves as a clearing house and does not assume

responsibility for accuracy of the material.

Reports and inquiries pertaining to this release
should be mailed to:

Economic Insect Survey Section
Plant Pest Control Branch
Agricultural Research Service
United States Department of Agriculture
Washington 25, D. C.

Volume 6 February 17, 1956 No. 7
COOPERATIVE ECONOMIC INSECT REPORT

Highlights of Insect Conditions
ALFALFA WEEVIL outlook in New Jersey for 1956. (p. 114).

Spotted heavy populations of WINTER GRAIN MITE in small grains in
area between Falls and Cooke Counties, Texas. (p. 114).

Infestation and damage by CORN EARWORM to dent corn in Illinois
ya MOSS (os IEIS)))5

TRUCK CROP INSECTS situation in Rio Grande Valley, Texas. (p. 115).
SWEETPOTATO WEEVIL found in five new counties of Georgia. (p. 115).

EASTERN TENT CATERPILLAR hatching at Gainesville, Florida.
(ja, LAG).

SUMMARY OF INSECT CONDITIONS - 1955 - in Oregon (p. 120),
Washington (p. 127), Tlinois (p. 181).

FE RK KE KK AK AK KOK OE OK AK OK KOK EK OK OK AE RK AK ARR KK KK KKK

Reports in this issue are for the week ending February 10, 1956, unless
otherwise designated.

- 112 -
WEATHER FOR THE WEEK ENDING FEBRUARY 13, 1956

A persistent high level trough moving slowly eastward across the country
set the weather pattern for the week. Above normal temperatures
generally prevailed northeast of a line from Tallahassee, Fla., to
Missoula, Mont., and below normal elsewhere except along the Califor-
nia coast. Repeating patterns of weak low pressure systems moved
eastward across the Gulf States and turned northeastward. The general
rains accompanying these systems replenished much needed moisture in
the topsoil and brightened the moisture picture east of the Mississippi
River. Moderate winter temperatures set in over the eastern portion of
the country with resultant melting of snow on the ground and disappearance
of frozen ground as far north as the Ohio and Missouri Valleys. Temper-
atures in the 30's decreased the snow cover in the Northern States as
extreme northern North Dakota reported temperatures for the week 15°
above normal. The area of the western mountains and plateaus had
below normal temperatures for the week. New Mexico and west Texas
reported temperatures as much as 15° below normal retarding the
growth of winter crops and necessitating firing in the citrus orchards.
Precipitation in the eastern portion of the country further replenished
needed soil moisture. Springs and wells which had been dry in West
Virginia were reported as producing again, although more rain is needed
to increase the ground water storage. The eastern Plains States
welcomed light precipitation as a replenishment for topsoil moisture,
although more rain is needed to build up reserves.

The snow cover has receded northward considerably in the past week,
especially just east of the Continental Divide. Snow accumulations in the
mountains of the West remain very favorable and depths of as much as
15 inches were added in Arizona and New Mexico. Outlook for irriga-
tion water next season continues very bright in the northwest. River ice
shows some decrease in depth. In New England, Greenville, Maine,
reports 30 inches; Concord, N. H., 14 inches and Holyoke, Mass., 4
inches. On the Mississippi-Missouri system Minneapolis reports 9
inches; Huron, 25 inches; Bismark, 27 inches and Williston, N. Dak.,
34 1/2 inches. (Summary Supplied by U. S. Weather Bureau).

5 1194
CEREAL AND FORAGE INSECTS

to dent corn in Illinois. A total of 99 fields were sampled. Five random
samples of 10 ears,each were examined in each field. The ears were
examined rapidly by slitting the husks with a knife and opening them so
the ears could be observed without removing them from the stalks. Each
infested ear was assigned a class from 1 to 5 according to severity of
damage by the corn earworm. Two types of damage occurred over much
of the area surveyed: (1) early or green corn damage, and (2) late or

dry corn damage. Both types of damage often occurred on the same ear,
in which case the ear was assigned a class for both early and late
damage. The percentage of loss due to the different classes of damage
was determined in 1953 and 1954 by counting spaces where kernels had
been eaten and destroyed by disease or partly destroyed in the case of
dry corn damage. The same numbers of undamaged kernels from
adjacent locations of the ears were weighed. Accurate estimates of
percentages of loss represented by the damage classes were obtained in
this manner from 108 ears representing the five classes of green corn
damage and 28 ears representing classes 4 to 5 of dry corn damage.

The average loss was 0.27, 1.34, 4.11, 8.01, and 16.38 percent for
classes 1 to 5, respectively, of green corn damage and 0.71, 1.64, 2.96,
and 4.54 for classes 2 to 5, respectively, of dry corn damage. ‘These
figures were used in estimating the loss in 1955.

Damage by the earworm in Illinois was much less severe in 1950 than in
1958 and 1954. The total loss exceeded 1 percent only between the 37th
and 39th parallels where it averaged only 2.97 percent. Damage was
over 1 percent only in agricultural districts 7, 9, and 4A represented
by the 12 southwestern, 12 southeastern and 13 west south central
counties of Illinois, respectively. Total losses were 3.60, 3.33 and
1.26 percent, respectively, with an average loss of 2. 68 percent for

the three districts. The estimated average loss for Illinois as a whole
was 1.30 percent of the crop. Figures on the yield of corn in Illinois
for 1955 are not yet available although it is known that the crop was one
of the largest on record. The value of the crop is also uncertain at

this time. It was decided that the figures for 1954 might be used for
comparative purposes. On that basis corn lost in 1955, if saved and
sold at current market price, would have been worth $3, 974, 131 as
compared with losses of $10, 144, 000 in 1953 and $19, 155, 000 in 1954.
The greatest monetary loss as well as the largest percent of loss
occurred in district 9, the 12 southeastern counties. The next greatest
monetary loss occurred in district 5, 11 north central counties, in which
loss of only 0. 74 percent amounted to $781, 003 because of the high
production in that district. (Blanchard, Bigger).

CUTWORMS - OKLAHOMA - Extensive spraying for cutworms in wheat
in Major County. (Stiles).

- 114 -

WINTER GRAIN MITE (Penthaleus major) - TEXAS - Spotted heavy
populations in many fields of small grain in Denton, Cooke, Grayson,
Fannin, Hunt, Navarro, Falls and McLennan Counties. (Davis, Randolph).

KKK OK OK OK KOK KK KK KOK KK KOK OK KOK KOK KOK

Probable Alfalfa Weevil Damage for New Jersey in 1956
Based on 1955 Fall Egg Survey

Heavy commercial

dam age
Light to \
j moderate u
commercial \ (Map from Ins. -Dis.
None to very ' damage \ Newsletter #123)
light damage i \

KK KK OK OK OK KOK OK KOK KK KK KK KK KK KK KX

SPOTTED ALFALFA APHID - CALIFORNIA - Moderate infestations
occurred in the desert area of San Diego County but along the coast and
intermediate areas population was low. In Los Angeles County
infestations were moderate. This condition is about a month later than
expected. Infestations in Imperial, Alameda and San Joaquin Counties
were light, and in Kings County infestations were county-wide.
Populations remained high in Kern County. (Cal. Coop. Rept. Jan. 20-
31). UTAH - Numerous in Millard County alfalfa fields up to February 1.
(Rickenback, Knowlton). TEXAS - Light to medium populations on
alfalfa in Denton, Grayson, Fannin, Hunt, Navarro, Brazos and Burleson
Counties. (Davis, Randolph).

TEXAS LEAF-CUTTING ANT (Atta texana) - TEXAS - Damaging alfalfa
in Uvalde County. (Fuller).

- 115-
FRUIT INSECTS

OLIVE SCALE (Parlatoria oleae) - CALIFORNIA - Moderate infestations
in deciduous orchards in east Fresno County. Light infestations in pear
and peach orchards in San Joaquin County. (Cal. Coop. Rept. Jan. 20-31).

MEXICAN FRUIT FLY (Anastrepha ludens) - TEXAS - Two adults taken
Jan. 31 from traps operated in citrus orchards. One specimen was
taken from a grove in Hidalgo County and one from a grove in Cameron
County. These represented the first specimens this season which is
considerably later than average. First specimen taken during 1954-55
crop year was on December 17. (Mexican Fruit fly and Citrus Blackfly
Control Project).

SOFT SCALE (Coccus hesperidum) - CALIFORNIA - Population heavy in
a 90-acre citrus grove in the San Fernando Valley of Los Angeles County.
Parasites not present. (Cal. Coop. Rept. Jan. 20-31)

TRUCK CROP INSECTS

fields of lettuce, turnips and beets. A LETTUCE APHID (Macrosiphum
ambrosiae) - Medium populations on lettuce. CORN EARWORM (Heliothis
zea) - A few larvae found in matured lettuce heads. DIAMONDBACK
MOTH (Plutella maculipennis) - Larvae found in cabbage and broccoli.
CABBAGE LOOPER (‘Trichoplusia ni) - Light infestations of advanced-
stage larvae in cabbage and broccoli. CABBAGE APHID (Brevicoryne
brassicae) has increased considerably. ONION THRIPS (Thrips tabaci)
populations continue to average about one thrips per onion plant.
DARKLING BEETLES - Local very heavy infestation damaging a tomato
field in the Mission area. A SERPENTINE LEAF MINER (Lirion yza_sp.)
lightly infesting cotyledon leaves of tomatoes. (Wene, Deer).

ROOT APHIDS - TEXAS - Medium to heavy populations on roots of
cabbage in San Patricio County. (Pawlik).

CUTWORMS - CALIFORNIA - Heavy infestations«in artichoke fields in
Santa Cruz County. (Cal. Coop. Rept., Jan. 20-31).

ARTICHOKE PLUME MOTH (Platyptilia carduidactyla) - CALIFORNIA -
Less than ten percent damage reported in San Mateo County artichoke
elds. (Cal. Coop. Rept., Jan. 20-3);

CABBAGE APHID (Brevicoryne brassicae) - CALIFORNIA - A 10 percent
loss to cole crops in San Diego County. (Cal. Coop. Rept., Jan. 20-31).

- 116 -

only nine infested properties in these five counties. Calhoun County,
Florida, was found to be infested for the first time since 1948.
(Sweetpotato Weevil Program.

COTTON INSECWS

Inspections of surface debris was conducted in three counties in ARKANSAS,
one in OKLAHOMA and 44 in TEXAS. Oklahoma and Arkansas counties
were negative while of 44 counties in Texas, 18 were negative. Material
collected from 401 fields in Texas showed 78 or 19 percent infested with
live pink bollworms. For four Rio Grande Valley counties of Texas, the
rate for 1955 crop was 1.6 live pink bollworms per acre compared with
8.6 for the previous year. Further up the coast in this State where
drought conditions were more severe inspections of debris thus far this
year have shown an average of 252 live pink bollworms per acre compared
with 9.2 in the winter of 1954-55. Bolls from standing stalks were
inspected from 13 Texas counties most of which were outside the cultural
control area. In the 18 counties, 4 were negative and 9 positive. A

total of 648 live bollworms were found with 572 or 88 percent of them being
taken oe Ellis, Erath, and Navarro Counties. (Pink Bollworm Control
Project):

FOREST, ORNAMENTAL AND SHADE TREE INSECTS

PINE ENGRAVER (Ips pini) - PENNSYLVANIA - Seventy-five to one
neces 15-20 foot red pines killed on dry hillside in Clearfield County.
Adams).

A BILLBUG (Rhynchophorus cruentatus) - FLORIDA - Collected in larval
and adult stages on palm trees at Wildwood, Sumter County. Reported
to have killed two large palm trees. Trees may have been weakened
previously. (Det. L. A. Hetrick). (Denmark).

PINE TUBE MOTH (Argyrotaenia pinatubana) - DELAWARE - Tubes with
pupae abundant on white pine at Dover. (Milliron)

PINE BARK APHID (Pineus strobi) - PENNSYLVANIA - Light infestation
in Armstrong County and moderate infestation in Centre County. (Adams
February 1).

3

BAGWORM (Thyridopteryx ephemeraeformis) - PENNSYLVANIA - Very
heavy overwintering population in parts of Allegheny, Westmoreland,
Armstrong, and Washington Counties. (Jeffrey).

EASTERN TENT CATERPILLAR (Malacosoma americanum) - FLORIDA -
Egg masses hatching in Gainesville, Alachua County, on wild cherry.
Not as abundant as in preceding years. (Det. L. A. Hetrick). (Denmark).

=) aa

GREEDY SCALE (Aspidiotus camelliae) - CALIFORNIA - A heavy
infestation on a large stock of camellias was reported in San Mateo
Countyan(Cala Coops, Repte. dans 20-3).

CAMELLIA SCALE (Lepidosaphes camelliae) - CALIFORNIA - Heavy
infestations on camellia shrubs in San Joaquin County. (Cal. Coop.
Rept., Jan. 20-31).

A SCALE (Chrysomphalus bifasciculatus) - CALIFORNIA - A heavy
infestation reported in San Joaquin County. (Cal. Coop. Rept., Jan. 20-
S13

INSECTS AFFECTING MAN AND ANIMALS

CATTLE LICE - UTAH - Generally infesting untreated cattle in Wasatch
County. Cattle dipped or sprayed last fall relatively free of lice.
(Daniels, iciouiler)) VIRGINIA - Cattle lice (Solenoptes capillatus,
Haematopinus eurysternus and Bovicola bovis) heavy on beef cattle
examined at the V.P.I. farm at Blacksburg. (Turner, Raffensperger).
NORTH DAKOTA - Survey in western Cass County showed cattle

biting lice at the following levels: 20 percent medium infestation;

13 percent light infestation; 67 percent no infestation. A medium
infestation of cattle lice( biting and sucking) was found in a herd near
Wheatland. (N.D. Ins. Rept. Serv. ).

CATTLE GRUBS - UTAH - Few appearing in backs of cattle in Wasatch
County. No large infestations noticed. (Daniels).

VIRGINIA - Medium to heavy in the backs of cattle in Accomac County.
(Rogers). OKLAHOMA - A survey of 157 head of cattle at the major
meat packing establishments in Oklahoma City showed a rapid decline
in the number of grubs per animal from that of a few weeks ago. Fifty-
eight cows averaged 2.7 grubs per animal, 36 yearling heifers and
steers averaged 3.2, 56 two-year-old heifers averaged 3.8, and 7 two-
year-old steers averaged 1.1 grubs per animal. (Coppock).

BED BUG (Cimex lectularius) - DELAWARE - Severe infestation in
home in Wilmington in late January. (Milliron).

FLIES - ARIZONA - Flies (mainly Musca domestica): population indices
of two small towns in southeast Maricopa and northwest Pinal Counties;

average of 5 highest grill counts in 9 blocks for week January 29-Febru-
ena lun (Anciz (Coop. Rept.).

TROPICAL RAT MITE (Bdellonyssus bacoti) - DELAWARE - Numerous
at Georgetown in house where recent rodent control was performed.
(Milliron).

- 118 -
STORED PRODUCT INSECTS

GRANARY WEEVIL (Sitophilus granarius) - ARIZONA - Heavy infestation
of farm-storage wheat in Kingman causing extensive damage. (Ariz.
Coop. Rept., Jan. 24).

STORED GRAIN INSECTS - OKLAHOMA - Of seven stored-grain
establishments checked in central Oklahoma, four were infested.
CADELLE was reported from three locations; RICE WEEVIL, LESSER
GRAIN BORER, and CONFUSED FLOUR BEETLE from one location
each. The latter insect was doing economic damage to mill products.
(Coppock).

DRUG-STORE BEETLE (Stegobium paniceum) - CALIFORNIA - Moderate
eater in households in Humboldt County. (Cal. Coop. Rept. ,
Jan. 20-31).

MISCELLANEOUS INSECTS

BOXELDER BUG (Leptocoris trivittatus) - MARYLAND - Adults causing
nuisance in home. Elkridge, Baltimore County. February 7. (U. of Md.
Ent. Dept. )

OLD HOUSE BORER (Hylotrupes bajulus) - VIRGINIA - Severely damaged
the rafters in a school building in Wytheville. Rafters reported as
completely pulverized. (Matheny). PENNSYLVANIA - Attacking joists
in homes in Clinton County, December 28, and Cumberland County,
January 30. (Gesell, Thompson).

unipuncta, 28; Laphygma frugiperda, 3; Agrotis ypsilon, 4; P. ornithogalli,
8. ARKANSAS (Stuttgart, 1/12-2/2/56): P. unipuncta, 2; A. ypsilon, 4.
(Varner, 1/19-2/8/56): A. ypsilon, 1; Peridroma margaritosa, 1
GEORGIA (Tifton, 1/28-2/3/56): BP. unipuncta, 3; Feltia subterranea, 7;
A. malefida, 2; A. ypsilon, 1; P. ornithogalli, 2. ALABAMA (Auburn,
B/5-2/11/50): A. malefida, 1; L. frugiperda, 1.

- 119 -
ADDITIONAL NOTES

GEORGIA - GREENBUG - Infestation heavy on oats in Ben Hill County.
(Davenport, Feb. 7). CITRUS MEALYBUG - Moderate infestation on
greenhouse plants in Bulloch, Candler and Toombs Counties.
eee WEEVIL - Infesting turnips in southeastern counties.
Greene).

ARKANSAS - APHIDS - (Cinara watsoni and Essigella pini) - Infestations
on pine in Johnson County. (Det. H. B. Boudreaux).

STORED GRAIN INSECTS - Eighty-one bins of grain examined in
January revealed 10 infested with SAW- TOOTHED GRAIN BEETLE;
FLAT GRAIN BEETLE - 3 bins; Tribolium sp. - 2 bins; INDIAN
MEAL MOTH - 1 bin; and LESSER GRAIN BORER - 1 bin. (Warren).

- 120 -
SUMMARY OF INSECT CONDITIONS - 1955
OREGON

Reported by Joseph Capizzi with the assistance of entomologists from
Oregon State College, State and Federal Experiment Stations, State
Department of Agriculture at Salem and other organizations.

Forage and Cereal Crop Insects

PEA LEAF WEEVIL (Sitona lineata) continued to extend its range south-
ward near Salem and Monmouth. Damage to red clover was reported in
Washington County. Populations of ALFALFA WEEVIL (Hypera postica)
appeared normal. In Harney County, a 25 to 50 percent loss of hay crop
was attributed to lack of control of this pest. ‘The first record of the
SWEETCLOVER WEEVIL (Sitona cylindricollis) in central Oregon was
received from Deschutes County. CLOVER. SEED WEEVIL
(Miccotrogus picirostris)iand CLOVER ROOT CURCULIO (Sitona
hispidula) were minor pests in 1955. CLOVER ROOT BORER
(Hylastinus obscurus) caused serious damage in the Willamette Valley
and in Malheur County. A noticeable increase occurred near Blachly
on red clover. This borer has made clover growing unprofitable in
parts of Lane County. BLISTER BEETLES (Epicauta sp.) were more
abundant generally than in 1954 and especially in Morrow, Josephine,
and Klamath Counties. VETCH BRUCHID (Bruchus brachialis) was more
plentiful than for several years in the Willamette Valley. CLOVER
SEED MIDGE (Dasyneura leguminicola) populations were drastically
reduced as a result of drought and winter kill in Jefferson and Klamath
Counties. Estimated reduction at Culver was 80 percent. Normal
infestations of CLOVER APHID (Anuraphis bakeri) were present in
central Oregon but in Malheur County the worst outbreak in several
years occurred. ENGLISH GRAIN APHID (Macrosiphum granarium),

as in 1954, was quite injurious to grass crops. A SAP BEETLE
(Meligethes nigrescens) was in normal numbers with some high popula-
tions on red clover in the Willamette Valley. A GRASS STEM MINOR
(Phytomyza nigra), an occasional pest in grasses, caused alarm among
growers in Clackamas and|Multnomah |Counties. Some wheat fields in
Polk County were damaged by OMNIVEROUS LEAF TIER (Cnephasia
longana). Low level and spotty infestations of the PEA APHID
Macrosiphum pisi) occurred in the Blue Mountains area but no serious
attacks were noted in the Willamette Valley. MEADOW SPITTLEBUG
(Philaenus leucophthalmus) was common in legume crops throughout

the Willamette Valley and reports of damage were received from
Douglas County. The GROUND MEALYBUG (Rhizoecus falcifer) caused
serious injury to bluegrass near Medford and in Union County. Only
spring plantings were attacked. Also in Union County the DATE MITE
(Oligonychus pratensis) damaged seed acreage to the extent that control
work was necessary. In addition, injury to bluegrass was associated
with THRIPS in this county. Union County had increased infestations of

GRASS MOTHS (Crambus dorsipunctellus and C. plumbifimbriellus)
in grass and seed growing areas. Localized outbreaks of the G SY

- 121 -

CUTWORM (Crymodes devastator) were observed on alfalfa in

Deschutes County and on bluegrass in Union County. SPIDER MITES
(Tetranychus telarius and Bryobia praetiosa) were not abundant on field
crops except for a few fields in Malheur County. Presence of MEADOW
PLANT BUG (Leptopterna dolobratus) was recorded for the State. This
species was collected on fescue in quantity near Springwater. MORMON
CRICKET (Anabrus simplex) was a non-economic pest in Gilliam, Morrow,
Baker and Wallowa Counties. Based on the 1955 GRASSHOPPER surveys
made by the U.S.D.A., there are approximately 422, 500 acres of
infested rangeland in Oregon. Of this, 385,000 acres are privately owned,
2, 300 acres state owned and 35, 000 acres under federal jurisdiction.

The cropland infestation is estimated as being approximately 14, 000
acres. Counties in which the heaviest infestation occur are Wallowa,
Grant, Morrow and Baker. The dominant species of grasshoppers are
Camnula pellucida and Melanoplus mexicanus. Parasites and predators
were not generally observed to have been Significant factors in the
reductions of grasshopper populations. Larvae of a NEMESTRINID
(Neorhynihocephalus sackenii) was responsible for 50 to 90 percent
parasitism of M. mexicanus and 98 percent of M. bivittatus in one
area of Morrow County. (Previously reported CEIR Sept. 2, 1955).
Results of the 1955 control work were satisfactory.

Fruit and Nut Insects

APPLE APHID (Aphis pomi) was not of economic importance in 1955.
PEAR LEAF BLISTER MITE (Eriophyes pyri) was commonly found but a
delayed dormant spray program held populations to alow level. EYE-
SPOTTED BUD MOTH (Spilonota ocellana) was not abundant but caused
some damage to prunes and cherries in the Willamette Valley. The
outlook is for considerably more damage in 1956 unless control measures
are undertaken. Low infestations of CODLING MOTH (Carpocapsa
pomonella) were reported from all parts of the State. At'The Dalles and
Hood River, low populations were found even in unsprayed orchards.
PEAR-SLUG (Caliroa cerasi) was rarely seen at Hood River but was very
damaging in all other areas where not controlled. WOOLLY APPLE
APHID (Eriosoma lanigerum) was quite common in the Willamette Valley
and rare in the Medford area. It is believed that parasites are

effectively controlling this pest in the southern part of the State. PEAR
PSYLLA (Psylla pyricola) did little damage to the pear crop since the
control program is extremely effective. HUROPEAN RED MITE
(Metatetranychus ulmi) is on the increase in the Willamette Valley and is
showing resistance to organic phosphates in The Dalles-Hood River
orchards, with some damage reported. The TWO-SPOTTED SPIDER
MITE (Tetranychus telarius) and A SPIDER MITE (Eotetranychus
Willamettei) are a constant threat and control measures must always be
taken. ROSY APPLE APHID (Anuraphis roseus) and an APPLE PANDEMIS
(Pandemis pyrusana) were not a problem in 1955. BLACK CHERRY APHID
(Myzus cerasi) was a very serious pest and caused a great deal of
damage throughout the summer in the Willamette Valley. It was less
important in The Dalles, Hood River, and Medford than in 1954. GREEN
PEACH APHID (Myzus persicae) was moderately abundant at Medford

but high mortality resulted after extremely low temperatures in March.

- 122 -

Spotty infestations appeared at The Dalles and Hood River, where this
pest is showing some resistance to the organic phosphates. In this same
area, A MOTH (Mineola scitulella) was more numerous in untreated
orchards than in 1954. CLOVER MITE (Bryobia praetiosa) appeared on
fruit trees throughout the State and some damage was reported to cherry
and plum. There was a late emergence of CHERRY FRUIT FLY
(Rhagoletis cingulata). Populations were normal and control excellent
everywhere cherries are grown commercially. There has been a
noticeable increase of the PEACH TWIG BORER (Anarsia lineatella) at
Milton-Freewater. APPLE AND THORN SKELETONIZER (Anthophila

ariana) adults were very common in unsprayed orchards in Benton

ounty. In Union County, PEAR RUST MITE (Epitrimerus pyri) caused
severe bronzing of foliage. AN ERIOPHYID (Vasates fockeui) damaged
prunes and young cherry at several locations in the Willamette Valley.
At Milton-Freewater this pest caused russeting of plum fruit. A BLOTCH
LEAF MINER (Lithocolletis crataegella) was found in great abundance on
apple at Monroe and later in Benton County. An outbreak of what seemed
to be this same species also occurred at Medford. It now appears thata
complex of several species are involved. A MITE (Diptacus
gigantorhynchus) appeared in abundance on plum near Talent. A PLUM
APHID (Anuraphis helichrysi) damaged leaves in several orchards in the
Medford area and control was very difficult since the aphid curled the
developing leaves and remained nearly inaccessible.

In general, there was a lower population of nut insect pests in 1955 than
for several years. Predator and parasite levels appeared normal.
WALNUT APHID (Chromaphis juglandicola) and A WALNUT APHID
(Tenapas juglandis) were not as abundant or serious in 1955 as they were
in 1954. Low populations could not be ascribed to weather conditions
which were quite similar to those of 1954. A FILBERT APHID (Myzocallis
coryli) was present in localized infestations compared to the generally
high populations of the previous year. A LEAF ROLLER (Archips rosana)
caused minor damage throughout the filbert growing area of the

Willamette Valley except for some serious damage at the southern range
of the pest in Lane County. It is believed that injury by the FILBERT BUD
MITE (Phytoptus avellanae) was more serious in 1955 than ever before.

A likely reason for the increased damage may be the large numbers of
susceptible varieties of filberts (loose budded) now coming into bearing.
EUROPEAN FRUIT LECANIUM (Lecanium corni) was a problem
necessitating control measures in one orchard near Silverton.

Small Fruit Insects

STRAWBERRY ROOT WEEVILS are declining in importance somewhat,
because of the general rise in the use of soil insecticides by growers.
The WEEVIL (Peritelinus oregonus) has been found injuring single fields
in Washington and Polk Counties. OMNIVEROUS LEAF TIER (Cnephasia
longana) is declining in importance on strawberries due to control
programs, and possibly, to the increase in numbers of parasites intro-
duced from Europe. STRAWBERRY APHID (Pentatrichopus fragaefolii)

- 123 -

population was normal, a considerable decrease from 1954. MEADOW
SPITTLEBUG (Philaenus leucophthalmus) has decreased in numbers as a
result of the strawberry aphid dusting program, as has the WESTERN
STRAWBERRY LEAF ROLLER (Anacampsis fragariella). An unusual
occurrence was the discovery of PEA LEAF WEEVIL (Sitona lineata)
ragging the leaves of strawberries in fields at Hillsboro and Salem.
STRAWBERRY CROWN MOTH (Ramosia bibionipennis) in strawberries
was not of economic importance in the Willamette Valley floor which is
the normal condition. It is causing damage in two hill plantings however.
ORANGE TORTRIX (Argyrotaenia citrana) is building up on boysen-
berries and blackberries in the central Willamette Valley where it did
some injury in the early fall. OBLIQUE-BANDED LEAF ROLLER
(Archips rosaceana) was not of economic importance in 1955. RASP-
BERRY ROOT BORER(Bembecia marginata) continued to cause economic
damage throughout the Willamette Valley as in previous years --
particularly in boysenberries. A GOOSEBERRY BORER (Xylocrius
agassizi) caused injury to plantings in Polk and Linn Counties. STRAW-
BERRY CROWN MOTH (Ramosia bibionipennis) injured blackcap
raspberries in Yamhill and Clackamas Cannes. CURRANT FRUIT FLY
(Epochra canadensis) was a minor pest due to the regular spray program.
However, it is estimated that control practices for this one insect are
saving growers $40, 000. 00 a year in Marion County alone.

Vegetable Insects
COLORADO POTATO BEETLE (Leptinotarsa decemlineata) was more

abundant in Malheur County than for many years and required control on
an estimated 10 percent of the total acreage. GREEN PEACH APHID
(Myzus persicae) appeared late but built up damaging populations in the
Klamath and Ontario area on potatoes. There appeared to be a normal
amount of damage by aphids, especially CABBAGE APHID (Brevicoryne
brassicae) to cabbage, brussels sprouts, and broccoli in Multnomah
County. CARROT RUST FLY (Psila rosae) extended its range southward
and was a serious problem to growers in the Eugene area but less than in
1954. Cutworms, especially BLACK CUTWORM (Agrotis ypsilon) and

the VARIEGATED CUTWORM (Peridroma margaritosa) caused minor
injury to sweet corn and table beets in the Willamette Valley. BEAN
APHID (Aphis fabae) was less abundant in 1955 than in 1954. Some LYGUS
(Lygus sp.) damage was noted to beans in Malheur County and several
fields were down-graded because of puncture injury. WESTERN SPOTTED
CUCUMBER BEETLE (Diabrotica undecimpunctata) was more numerous
than in 1954. General feeding on a variety of crops caused an undetermined
amount of damage. This pest injured tomatoes in the northern Willamette
Valley. SYMPHYLIDS continue to attack many vegetable crops but

again estimates of crop loss are difficult to determine. Control of these
pests has been sporadic. CORN EARWORM (Heliothis zea) was gener-
ally lower than in 1954. Counts averaged 23 percent infestation in
Hermiston, 80 percent at Milton-Freewater (but only tip injury), and

60 percent at Boardman (usually 100 percent late in the season). Very
little damage occurred in the Willamette Valley. ONION MAGGOT
(Hylemya antiqua)continued to cause serious damage. A SAP BEETLE
(Meligethes nigrescens) appeared late in the Willamette Valley and did

- 124 -

not cause excessive damage. AN APHID (Aphis sp. ) built up in bean
fields in Multnomah County late in August and control measures were
necessary. No specimens of TOMATO RUSSET MITE (Vasates
lycopersici), which destroyed a planting of tomatoes at Milton-Freewater
in 1954, were taken in 1955. Living larvae of the EUROPEAN CORN
BORER (Pyrausta nubilalis) were intercepted at a Portland elevator ina
corn shipment from the Midwest.

Specialty crop insects

Insect pests of mint were present in normal populations. A new mint
growing area in Jefferson County is developing with a quarantine in
operation designed to retard the development of pests and diseases of
mint. Individual plants in several of these new fields were found being
defoliated by large numbers of a PHALAENID (Heliothis phloxiphaga).
TWO-SPOTTED SPIDER MITE (Tetranychus telarius) and the HOP APHID
(Phorodon humuli) increased greatly on hops late in the season. The
cranberry industry valued at $300, 000. 00 in 1955 suffered considerable
loss by the BLACK-HEADED FIREWORM (Rhopobota naevana). Individ-
ual bogs along the northern coast and near Coos Bay were damaged
because of a poor control program. BLACK VINE WEEVIL (Brachyrhinus
sulcatus) killed out cranberry vines in several bogs near Bandon.

Forest Insects

(Abstracted from the 1955 "Report of Forest Insect Surveys in Oregon and
Washington Season of 1955," published by the Pacific Northwest Forest
and Range Experiment Station, U. S. Forest Service. )

DOUGLAS-FIR BEETLE (Dendroctonus pseudotsugae) and SPRUCE BUD-
WORM (Choristoneura fumiferana) continued to be the most destructive
pest to Oregon Forests. However, the outbreaks of these and most other
forest pests are the smallest in several years. Epidemic infestations of
the SPRUCE BUDWORM are confined to the Blue Mountains area. In this
area 620,947 acres were treated at a cost of $1.06 per acre. SPRUCE
BUDWORM mortality averaged 97.5 percent. DOUGLAS-FIR BEETLE
epidemic infestations totaled 640,160 acres in 1955, a great reduction over
the 1954 acreage of 4, 440, 540 and the 1953 epidemic infestation of
4,153,900 acres. Heaviest infestations of this beetle were found on the
Smith River drainage in the Coast Range, and the Clackamas River and
Middle Fork Willamette River drainage in the Oregon Cascades. Various
conditions are expected to further reduce the DOUGLAS-FIR BEETLE
populations in future years. Salvage operations are continuing with good
progress reported. No direct control of the DOUGLAS-FIR BEETLE is
in progress or planned. Infestation of the WESTERN PINE BEETLE
(Dendroctonus brevicomis) is at the lowest point since records began.
BALSAM WOOLLY APHIL(Chermes piceae) has been observed attacking
and killing grand tir in the Willamette Valley since 1930, and killing
alpine fir in the Oregon Cascade Mountains; but 1955 marks the first year
that measurable damage by this insect has been recorded in Oregon. This
damage has occurred in the Mount Hood and Willamette National Forests.

2425 -

Total number of infested acres by the following insects: BALSAM
WOOLLY APHID, 35,690; DOUGLAS-FIR BEETLE, 640,160; ENGLEMANN
SPRUCE BEETLE, 1,940; FIR ENGRAVER, 31,160; MOUNTAIN PINE
BEETLE, 66,580; PINE ENGRAVER, 46,950; SILVER FIR BEETLE,
4,320; SPRUCE BUDWORM, 541, 310; WESTERN PINE BEETLE, 31, 560.
Total 1, 400, 660.

Ornamental Insects

A HOLLY BUDMOTH (Rhopobota naevana ilicifoliana) has become estab-
lished in Clackamas and Multnomah Counties. This is a considerable
range extension for the pest in Oregon, heretofore reported only from the
northern coastal counties. Several commercial plantings were damaged
in the Portland area since control measures have not been directed against
this pest. HOLLY LEAF MINER (Phytomyza ilicis) was found infesting a
planting near Reed College. An intensive survey disclosed that the infes-
tation is limited almost entirely to the city proper. No commercial
plantings are involved. SOFT SCALE (Coccus hesperidum) has increased
in importance on a number of host plants in the Willamette Valley. A
severe freeze in mid-November is likely to result in reduced populations
of this pest in 1956. PULVINARIA SCALES (Pulvinaria spp. ), OBLIQUE-
BANDED LEAF ROLLER, FALL WEBWORM, and ELM LEAF BEETLE
caused usual amount of injury. SATIN MOTH (Stilpnotia salicis) outbreak
in Sherman County resulted in serious defoliation of silver poplar.
WESTERN TUSSOCK MOTH (Hemerocampa vetusta) appeared in heavy but
local infestations on flowering plum in the Portland area. TENT CATER-
PILLARS (Malacosoma disstria and to a lesser extent M. pluviale) were
in local abundance and generally in areas other than in 198. The most
serious defoliation occurred on non-economic hosts, abandoned orchards
and shrubs, and roadside vegetation. Parisitism (84 percent) occurred in
Rickreall area but none was evident in Clatsop, Tillamook or Columbia
Counties. Damage by ORANGE TORTRIX (Argyrotaenia citrana) was
normal except for a few heavy infestations in greenhouse products and an
unusual local outbreak on holly in Portland. In the latter case, the larvae
were found feeding at the base of the berries causing fruit-drop. BARK
BEETLES (Phloeosinus sequoiae and P. rubicundulis) continue to attack
Port Orford cedar following initial injury by a fungus (Phytophthora sp. ).
Loss has been extensive to ornamental plantings in Salem and at several
locations in Coos County. OAK GALL WASPS continue to discolor foliage
and kill branches throughout the Willamette Valley. CYCLAMEN MITE
(Steneotarsonemus pallidus) was an increasingly important greenhouse
pest in 1955. Many reports of insect damage were reported by the State
nursery inspectors. Those which were repeatedly brought to attention are
mentioned below. BLISTER BEETLES and Diabrotica sp. damaged lilac
and dahlia blooms in several locations. WIREWORMS injured gladiolus
and iris plantings throughout the Willamette Valley. Reports from Curry
County indicated that CUTWORMS have been more numerous in lily
plantings and LILY WEEVIL (Agasphaerops nigra) was present during the
summer in unusually large numbers in most plantings of Easter lilies.
SPRUCE APHID (Aphis abietina) is considered by State nursery inspectors
to be the most destructive pest to landscape arrangements throughout
Oregon. Extensive defoliation was attributed to this pest in 1959.

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Insects Affecting Man and Animals
There were no unusual occurrences of insects affecting man and animals

except for increasingly serious outbreaks of infestations of NORTHERN
FOWL MITE (Bdellonyssus sylviarum) on turkeys and chickens in
western Oregon.

Beneficial Insects

First record of quantities of an ALKALI BEE (Nomia melandri) was
reported. These bees occupy a restricted area from Vale south to
Adrian where they are responsible for over 60 percent of alfalfa seed
production in the area. The bee is also found north of the area mentioned
above, but in very restricted localities. Growers report low bumble bee
populations in several of the blueberry producing areas have resulted in
reduced yield. Losses of honey and wild bees were unusually high in

1955 (highest for several years) due to poor spray practices in some
areas. As high as 70 percent of the bees were killed in several cases
where legumes were sprayed for pest control. State Department of
Agriculture inspected 1, 325 apiaries of which 14 percent were found
diseased. Of 22,336 colonies inspected, 435 were infected with American
foul brood and 269 with European foul brood. A large number of colonies,
1,965, were found dead, largely from starvation brought on by the very
late arrival of the spring season.

Stored Grain Insects

High humidity and high moisture content in harvested grains provided
favorable conditions for increases in stored-grain pests in western
Oregon during 1955. A large majority of the feed mills and storage
elevators inspected were infested in this area. In eastern Oregon, inifes-
tations were generally less serious and not as numerous. Inspection of
182 premises for KHAPRA BEETLE gave negative results. The one
premise in Oregon known to have received stored grain (seed) from a
KHAPRA BEETLE infested seed company in California was thoroughly
inspected on two occasions during 1955. A survey in western Oregon
showed infestation in 52 samples of grain as follows: SAW-TOOTHED
GRAIN BEETLE in 39 samples, RED FLOUR BEETLE in 20, GRANARY
WEEVIL in 19, FLAT GRAIN BEETLE in 19, RICE WEEVIL in 18,

A GRAIN BEETLE (Ahasverus advena) in9, A HAIRY FUNGUS BEETLE
(Typhaea stercorea) in 4, and Anthicus fl floralis in 4.

Household and Wood Product Insects

More than the usual number of inquiries were made by home owners
concerning control of CARPET BEETLES. Indications are that

A SUBTERRANEAN TERMITE (Reticulitermes hesperus) infestations are
increasing. These infestations have been reported from nearly every
part of the State. Many homes in Willamette Valley were invaded by
large numbers of STRAWBERRY WEEVILS and a few homes in the Hills-
boro area by PEA LEAF WEEVIL (Sitona lineata).

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SUMMARY OF INSECT CONDITIONS - 1955
WASHINGTON

Reported by C. A. Johansen and D. H. Brannon with the cooperation of
USDA, Extension Service, and Experiment Station personnel throughout
the State.

Introduction

A number of unusual insect conditions occurred in Washington during
1955. The season was late in eastern Washington; pollination studies on
apples at Dayton indicated that full bloom was 2 weeks later than in 1954;
other activities which were reported to be 2 weeks later than in 1954
were: cherry fruit fly emergence at Prosser, tuber flea beetle emer-
gence in the Yakima area, pea aphid migration to peas from alfalfa in the
Walla Walla area, and green peach aphid colonization on potatoes in the
Yakima area. Spring was cool but extremely dry in most of eastern
Washington, causing some crop losses in grain and peas. Directly or
indirectly, these conditions may have caused the development of un-
usual, heavy outbreaks of grasshoppers in Adams, Stevens, Pend Oreille,
and Whitman Counties, and cutworms in Whitman, Asotin, Garfield,
Walla Walla, Franklin, and Benton Counties. Infestations of pea aphid
and tree fruit aphids were unusually light. In western Washington, 45
days without rain, from late July till the end of August in the Puyallup
Valley, apparently materially reduced the slug problem in vegetable
crops although not on forage crops. No unusual insect outbreaks were
reported from western Washington, apparently most pest populations were
about "normal."

Field and Forage Crop Insects
GRASSHOPPERS (5-50 percent Melanoplus mexicanus) were extremely
abundant and severely damaging to 150, OOO acres of range and dry land

crops in Whitman and Adams Counties by mid-July. The control program
instituted was highly successful in all areas treated. RED-BACKED

CUT WORM (Euxoa ochrogaster) was damaging alfalfa fields in the Yakima
and Kittitas Valleys by early May. ARMY CUTWORM (Chorizagrotis
auxiliaris) caused extensive losses of barley, wheat, and rape in Whitman,
Walla Walla, and Asotin Counties in late May andin June. YELLOW-
HEADED CUTWORM (Apamea amputatrix) and GLASSY CUTWORM
(Crymodes devastator) severely damaged a field of bluegrass raised for
seed in Garfield County. Cutworms also damaged bluegrass plantings in
Spokane County and in the Yakima Valley. SOD WEBWORMS (Crambus
topiarius and C. plumbifimbriellus) continued to be a problem on blue-
grasses and fescues raised for seed in Spokane County. The first LYGUS
BUGS (Lyqus elisus and L. hesperus) activity was noted in alfalfa fields
in Yakima Valley and Whitman County in early May. Population peaks of
both adults and nymphs occurred in red clover and alfalfa in the Pullman
area about mid-July. Another PLANT BUG (Labops hesperius) damaged
fescue grown for seed in the Spokane area early in June. A MEALYBUG
‘damaged bluegrass in Spokane and Garfield Counties. STRAWBERRY

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ROOT WEEVIL (Brachyrhinus ovatus) larvae seriously injured roots of
hops and peppermint in the Yakima Valley. Larvae were first noted in
early May and the adults by late May. A MINT FLEA BEETLE
(Longitarsus waterhousei) damaged mint fields in the Vancouver area
early in July. BROWN WHEAT MITE (Petrobia latens) caused moderate
to severe damage to dry-land wheat and barley in Yakima County again in
1955. WHITE-LINED SPHINX (Celerio lineata) was more abundant than
usual on forage and grain in the Palouse area, but still a minor pest.
Severe injury to orchard-Ladino pastures was caused by slugs (Deroceras
reticulatum, Arion ater, Prophysaon andersoni, and others) in western
Washington. ALFALFA WEEVIL (Hypera postica) was found for the first
time in Washington near Clarkston in early June and typical injury was
observed on alfalfa at Pullman later the same month.

ince rule lMsSects

There has been a gradual reduction in CODLING MOTH (Carpocapsa
pomonella) populations (as indicated by trap records in the Yakima area)
over the last 3 years, undoubtedly influenced by the cool season in 1954
and the late season in 1955. The alleged resistant area first noted in
1953 has not caused serious difficulty where timing and application of
sprays was carefully conducted. EUROPEAN RED MITE (Metatetranychus
ulmi) started hatching early in May and maintained high populations in
some areas throughout the season. A MITE (Tetranychus mcdanieli) in-
festation did not develop until the first of August in the Yakima Valley.
Heavy CLOVER MITE (Bryobia praetiosa) infestations occurred in some
orchards. MITE PREDATORS (Typhlodromus sp. ) apparently are
increasing on tree fruits in the Yakima Valley. Eggs of the PEAR
PSYLLA (Psylla pyricola) started hatching in the Wenatchee area late in
April. This insect was more abundant than usual in some orchards.
Although emergence of the CHERRY FRUIT FLY (Rhagoletis cingulata)
was late, trap records showed that 64 percent of the Season's flight was
out by harvest time at Prosser and 99 percent by harvest at Yakima.
WALNUT HUSK FLY (Rhagoletis completa), which was recorded for the
first time in Washington in 1954, was 3 weeks later than last year with
the heaviest flight trapped during the third week of August in the Yakima
area. A RUST MITE (Vasates fockeui) was reported numerous in April,
injurious in July, and still increasing on cherry in August in the
Wenatchee area. This pest has been more troublesome in recent years
and control measures need further development to be effective. APHID
populations on tree fruit were generally low this season.

Small Fruit Insects

GARDEN SYMPHYLID (Scutigerella immaculata) populations fed exten-
sively on the root systems of strawberries, raspberries, and other
berries in Clark and Spokane Counties. New plantings of strawberries

are destroyed in the first or second year. Symphylids were also

observed attacking the ripe fruits of strawberries. Infestations of
CYCLAMEN MITE (Steneotarsonemus pallidus) were less severe on straw-
berries in the Puyallup Valley than in 1954. With the use of soil
treatments instead of baits for control of ROOT WEEVILS (Brachyrhinus -
spp. ) on strawberry, A STRAWBERRY WEEVIL (Nemocestes incomptus)

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has become a problem in Skagit and Snohomish Counties, especially
destroying plantings in newly-cleared land. A ROOT WEEVIL (Sciopithes
obscurus) often occurs under the same conditions. A NITIDULID
(Glischrochilus quadrisignata) damaged sound strawberries in the Pullman
area. ‘This is the first record of this insect feeding on strawberries in
Washington. RASPBERRY CROWN BORER (Bembecia marginata)

damage occurred in Yakima and San Juan Counties. BLACK-HEADED
FIREWORM (Rhopobota naevana) second brood larvae caused damage in
some cranberry bogs in Pacific County during August.

Vegetable Crop Insects
PEA LEAF WEEVIL (Sitona lineata) infestations in peas were sizable in
Pacific County and areas of northwestern Washington. POTATO APHID

(Macrosiphum solanifolii) wintered on winter-hardy weeds in the Yakima
Valley and was unusually abundant on these plants in early May. CUT-
WORMS (Euxoa ochrogaster and others) were abundant and damaging on
tomatoes, corn, and potatoes in the Yakima and Kittitas Valleys during
May and June. KUROPEAN EARWIG (Forficula auricularia) first brood
nymphs found in early June, infestations were spreading later in June,
and populations reached epidemic proportions by early August in the
Yakima and Kittitas Valleys. This pest caused damage to potatoes and
other vegetables. The first adult PEA WEEVIL (Bruchus pisorum) was
collected in the Palouse area June 3, infestations were generally low
through the season, and adults entered hibernation in ponderosa pine
during October. PEA APHID (Macrosiphum pisi) increased on alfalfa
along the Snake River in May, especially near Penawawa. It was defi-
nitely proven to winter on alfalfa in the Pullman area. Populations were
late in developing, remained low in numbers, and very little incidence of
enation mosaic was observed in the Walla Walla area. GARDEN
SYMPHYLID was reported injuring beet seedlings in the Sumner area in
June, corn and carrots in San Juan County in July, cabbage and beans in
the Spokane area in September, and various crops in the Vancouver area
throughout the season. This pest was first recorded in the State in 19538
but undoubtedly has been here for some time, and is now known to occur
in 17 counties. CABBAGE MAGGOT (Hylemya brassicae) was abundant
on crucifers in the Puyallup Valley in June. ONION MAGGOT (Hylemya
antiqua) caused severe losses of green bunching onions in the same area
in October. A ROOT APHID (Thecabius populi-monilis?), first recorded
on lettuce roots in the Puyallup Valley in 1953, caused heavy losses of
head lettuce in that area in October.

Ornamental and Florist Crop Insects

NARCISSUS BLUB FLY (Lampetia equestris) first adults observed in San
Juan County May 1, and started emerging in the Puyallup Valley in late
May, the latest ever recorded. TENT CATERPILLARS (Malacosoma
spp. ) larvae were first observed April 10 and adults on July 15 in San
Juan County. SATIN MOTH (Stilpnotia salicis) larvae had partially de-
foliated poplars near Sumner by the first of July. Infestations of ROSE
APHID (Macrosiphum rosae) were heavy on garden roses in the Puyallup
Valley during May, June and July. ELM LEAF BEETLE (Galerucella
xanthomelaena) adults began to damage elm foliage in the Yakima Valley

- 1380 -

during May. A HOLLY BUDMOTH (Rhopobota naevana ilicifoliana) was
abundant and damaging to holly in Snohomish County by the first of July.
AN APHID (Myzus dianthi) was very numerous on greenhouse-grown
carnations in the Puget Sound area during the fall.

Insect Pests of Man and Animals

LICK (Haematopinus eurysternus, Linognathus vituli, and Bovicola bovis),
CATTLE GRUBS (Hypoderma bovis and H. lineatum), and the HORN FLY
(Siphona irritans) were found to be the most important pests of cattle, in
that order, according to a recent survey.

Beneficial Insects

The only serious losses of HONEY BEES (Apis mellifera) reported were
caused by insecticide applications to mint fields in the Yakima Valley.
There was very little injury due to applications to tree fruits or alfalfa.
An ALKALI BEE (Nomia melanderi) emerged late, but pollination was
generally good in alfalfa fields of the upper Brownstown-Harrah area
during mid-summer. Alkali bee adults were plentiful in Walla Walla
County during the first of August.

Stored Grain Insects

Grains at harvest time have been quite dry and the incidence of insects in
the 1955 crop appears to be lower than in 1954, except in western
Washington. The cold fall and winter has helped to limit populations of
the common species: RED FLOUR BEETLE (Tribolium castaneum),
SAW-TOOTHED GRAIN BEETLE (Oryzaephilus surinamensis), GRAIN
BEETLES (Laemophloeus spp. ), and GRANARY WEEVIL (Sitophilus
granarius). During the early spring (1954 crop), heavy populations of
several species were found in eastern Washington in which the grain was
out of condition. There appears to be a sequence of development in this
area of saw-toothed grain beetle, followed by the red flour beetle, and
terminating with the flat grain beetle. RICE WEEVIL (Sitophilus oryza),
which has been rather rare previously, was collected in Asotin County.

Miscellaneous Insects

CLOVER MITE (Bryobia praetiosa) was an irritating household pest in
Yakima and Kittitas Valleys, the Wenatchee area and the Pullman area

throughout April, May and June. A TERMITE (Reticulitermes hesperus)
was found infesting a home in Spokane.

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SUMMARY OF INSECT CONDITIONS - 1955
ILLINOIS

Prepared by Clarence E. White from data collected by White, H. B.
Petty, Steve Moore, and Cooperators throughout the State.

Clover and Alfalfa Insects

CLOVER LEAF WEEVIL (Hypera punctata) populations were lower in 1955
than in 1954. Peak larval populations were reached in southern Illinois
April 4 to 7, central Illinois April 15 to 20, and northern Illinois April 25
to 30. The State average at the peak was approximately 16 living larvae
per square foot compared with about 25 per square foot in 1954. The aver-
age dropped to 3 per square foot by May 5. The average number of

adults found in the State each week between March 2 and May 12 varied
from 0 to 0.13 per square foot. The average weekly population in the
northern half of the State between April 18 and July 21 varied from 0 to 5
per 100 sweeps of a 15-inch net. Disease was an important factor in
reducing the population in both 1954 and 1955. Of all the larvae found
throughout State April 18 to 21, 6.5 percent were dead; April 25 to 28,

4.2 percent were dead; May 2 to 5, 22.6 percent were dead. A survey
throughout the State May 2 to 5 showed 25 percent of the cocoons con-
tained prepupae which had died of disease. It is predicted that in 1956 the
clover leaf weevil population will be less than in 1955.

PEA APHID (Macrosiphum pisi) was relatively scarce in 1955. The
greatest number found per square foot during March and April was 4 com-
pared with 196 during the same period in 1954. Peak populations were
reached in southern area about May 9 to 12, central area about June 7 to
10, and northern Illinois about July ll to 14. State average reached peak
of 5,432 aphids per 100 sweeps June 7 to 10, then declined rather rapidly
to 104 per 100 sweeps July 18 to 21. LESSER CLOVER LEAF WEEVIL
(Hypera nigrirostris) populations were similar to those found in 1954.
Peak of the overwintered population did not occur until first of May when
State average of 15 adults per 100 sweeps were found. This was nearly a
month later than this peak was reached in 1954. Larvae again infested
100 percent of the clover stems in some fields as in 1954. The average
number of stems infested in the State May 16 to 19 was 58 percent.
VARIEGATED CUTWORM (Peridroma margaritosa).was very scarce with
only a few scattered fields being infested. The highest number of CUT-
WORMS found in any field was 9 per square foot and the highest average
for a section of the State was 1. 69 per square foot. This includes all
species found: P. margaritosa, Protorthodes insincta, Lacinipolia
renigera. By comparison the highest field average for P. margaritosa
alone in 1954 was 54 per square foot and sectional averages ranged from
10 to 30 per square foot. WEEVIL (Sitona sp.) populations averaged
from O to 120 adults per 100 sweeps last of April and O to 240 adults per
100 sweeps first of July. TARNISHED PLANT BUG (Lygus lineolaris)
adult populations in clover and alfalfa fields varied from 0 to 1,260 per
100 sweeps in the northern half of State. Peak was reached in July or
later. Nymphs of this and other species (Adelphocoris rapidus and A.

- 132 -

lineolatus) varied from O to 1, 500 per 100 sweeps in the northern half.
First nymphs observed in central area April 18. RAPID PLANT BUG
(A. rapidus) adults were first observed in western Illinois May 25.
There were as many as 200 per 100 sweeps in some fields in northern
2/3 of State. ALFALFA PLANT BUG (Adelphocoris lineolatus) adults
were first observed during the season in the northern half of State.
Populations reached as high as 440 per 100 sweeps in some alfalfa fields.
POTATO LEAFHOPPER (Empoasca fabae) - The first Empoasca female
was found in southeastern Illinois April 4, in central area April 20, and
in northern Illinois April 27. The first E. fabae males were found

May 11 when 2 were found on potatoes near Collinsville, 1 near Sycamore
and 3 near Urbana on alfalfa. Populations of both males and females
increased suddenly about June 1, and a survey made June 3 to 15 showed
a definite band of high populations running diagonally across State from
about Pittsfield and Jerseyville on the west to Watseka and Danville on
the east. North of this band, populations in 16 fields averaged 150 per
adult fabae per 100 sweeps. South of the band, populations in 15 fields
averaged 123 adults per 100 sweeps. In the band, populations in 19 fields
averaged 595 per 100 sweeps. Nymphs, believed to be fabae, averaged
about 900 per 100 sweeps for the State July 18 to 21. An estimated 1,915
acres were treated for control of this pest. As high as 350 adults per
100 sweeps were found in soybeans in late July and early August.

MEADOW SPITTLEBUG (Philaenus leucophthalmus) nymphal populations
were lower in most sections than in 1954. Some fields in northern
Illinois, however, had more than 1 nymph per stem and needed to be
treated. Nymphs began to emerge in eastern and southern Illinois

April 11 to 14. The State average, however, was only 0.05 nymphs per
stem April 18 to 21, and between April 25 to May 19 varied from 0.23 to
0.26 nymphs per stem. The annual fall survey showed an increase in
adult populations in the western and northwestern areas and also in the
Iroquois, Champaign, Moultrie, Cumberland County areas. All other
areas showed a decrease. The greatest increase was in northern Illinois.
It is predicted that 60 percent of all clover and alfalfa fields in the
Stephenson, Ogle, Kane and McHenry Counties area will need to be
treated next spring. A narrow band extending from Whiteside County to
Will County then north into Lake County and south into Iroquois County
will be expected to have a moderate infestation where 10 percent or more
of the fields will benefit from treatments next spring. LEAF ROLLERS
or leaf tiers (mainly Amelia pallorana) were very common in alfalfa
fields; as many as 140 larvae per 100 sweeps July 18 to 21. In1 field in
central Illinois 70 percent of alfalfa stems were found damaged May 5.
ALFALFA CATERPILLAR (Colias philodice eurytheme) populations
ranged as high as 100 per 100 sweeps in the northern half of the State

July 11 to 14. FORAGE LOOPER (Caenurgina erechtea) larvae ran as
high as 90 to 100 per 100 sweeps in Some fields in the northern half of
the State. CLOVER ROOT BORER (Hylastinus obscurus) were found only
in the northeastern area, O to 14 adults per 100 sweeps between April 25
and June 3. Adults of a WEEVIL (Tychius stephensi) varied from 0 to

80 per 100 sweeps, May 9 and July 21. They were found only in the north-
eastern area. GRASSHOPPERS (mainly Melanoplus femur-rubrum, M.

- 183 -

mexicanus and M. differentialis) - Nymphs appeared in the fields about
first of May and gradually increased until first half of July when as many
as 3,040 nymphs per 100 sweeps were found in some fields. The annual
adult survey showed the greatest populations to be in the northern half of
the State with heaviest concentration centered in Bureau and LaSalle
Counties where as many as 50 adults per square yard were found in some
fields. The average number found in Bureau County was 19.7 per square
yard. Other counties in northern Illinois averaged from 1 to 8 adults per
Square yard. It has been estimated that 148, 835 acres of legumes,
Giqasses weuc were treated tolcontrol thistpesta Mt was! tunther estimated
that the treatments paid a profit of $1, 358,108 to the farmers of the
State. Possibly two-thirds of that acreage and profit could be credited to
clover and alfalfa fields. GREEN CLOVERWORM (Platiypena scabra)
occurred generally and populations reached as high as per 100 sweeps
in some fields August 22 to 24. CLOVER HEAD CATERPILLAR
(Grapholitha interstinctana) adults ranged from 0 to 80 per 100 sweeps
throughout the northern half of State May 16 to July 21. BLACK BLISTER
BEETLE (Epicauta pennsylvanica) adults were quite numerous in alfalfa
fields. Some fields had as many as 600 per 100 sweeps. It was observed
eating petals from alfalfa flowers on several occasions. The STRIPED
BLISTER BEETLE (Epicauta sp.) ranged as high as 160 per 100 sweeps,
and MARGINED BLISTER BEETLE (Epicauta pestifera) ranged up to 20
per 100 sweeps. SPOTTED ALFALFA APHID has not been found in the
State. YELLOW CLOVER APHID (Pterocallidium trifolii), however, is
known to have been present in the State since 1908. It is estimated a
total of 79,585 acres were treated for control of clover and alfalfa in-
sects, other than grasshoppers. ‘The profits received from these
treatments, excluding grasshoppers, were estimated at $397,675. In
1954 an estimated 259, 545 acres of clover and alfalfa were treated and
profits were estimated at $1,997,407. Most of these treatments were for
control of the clover leaf weevil, pea aphid, and meadow spittlebug.

Corn Insects

CUTWORMS were active in corn fields the last of May and early June.

Up to 32 percent of the plants were damaged in a few fields in central
Illinois and replanting was necessary. Damage was not nearly as wide-
Spread nor as severe as in 1954 when as much as 65 percent of the plants
were damaged in some fields. WIREWORMS were also active the latter
part of May and first half of June. Most damage occurred in the central
and west-southwestern sections of the State. CORN FLEA BEETLE
(Chaetocnema pulicaria) adults found on corn plants from May 16 to
August 19 ranged from 0 to 48 beetles per 100 plants from May 16 to

June 22, 0 to 160 in mid-July, 0 to 100 in mid-August. TORTRICID
larvae, species unidentified, damaged as much as 20 percent of corn
plants in marginal rows in some fields bordering grassland in central and
eastern Illinois May 23 to June 3. BILLBUG injury was observed on as
many as 12 percent of the plants in some fields in central Illinois May 23 -
26 and averaged 2.75. CURCULIONID larvae, believed to be a species of
Calendra,were very common, boring in the corn plants just below the
tassel in the west-southwest and southwest sections of Illinois in August.
NORTHERN CORN ROOTWORM (Diabrotica longicornis) larval damage

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occurred in scattered fields in the State. A survey in the western area
July 6 showed one out of six fields infested, with an average of five
larvae per plant. A survey in the northwestern section August 15 to 19
showed the following: an average of 56 adults on the silks of 100 ears of
corn with an average of 130 adults per 100 ears in the highest field;
SOUTHERN CORN ROOTWORM (Diabrotica undecimpunctata howardi)
adults averaged six per 100 ears and the highest field averaged only 20
adults per 100 ears. ‘This survey also showed 16 percent of the ears
damaged by CORN EARWORM (Heliothis zea) with the highest field
averaging 40 percent damaged ears. CHINCH BUG(Blissus leucopterus)
nymphs migrated into corn in July and damaged some marginal rows,
mainly in northeastern section where up to 1, O00 nymphs per plant
occurred. The average number of nymphs per plant in the northeast
section, however, was only 195 July ll tol4. GRASSHOPPERS moved
into marginal rows of corn in July but no serious damage was reported.
It has been estimated that 688,950 acres of soil were treated with
insecticides this year. This was mostly land which was planted to corn.
The estimated profits from these treatments were $4, 372, 300. SUGAR-
CANE BEETLE (Buetheola rugiceps) adults were unusually abundant
around lights in southern area in early September, indicating some
damage to corn in that area next spring. EUROPEAN CORN BORER
(Pyrausta nubilalis) - earliest pupation and emergence was recorded in
1955 approximately two weeks earlier than in any previous years. Ten
days of cool wet weather in early June retarded borer development but
corn growth continued. By June 20 it was apparent that 10 to 15 percent
of the corn could profitably be treated. Actually between 6 and 7 per-
cent was treated. Oviposition of first generation began June 1 and
continued into early July. Optimum date of insecticide treatment varied
from June 27 to July 4. In central Illinois 11 percent of the fields
exceeded 45 inches tall with egg counts ranging from 126 to 260 per 100
plants with 70 to 80 percent egg hatch, and the tassel ratio was 23 to 25.
Many of the second generation moths deposited eggs in the fields where
they emerged and there was not a distinct selection of fields until after
August 15. After this date, moths appeared to concentrate in the late
maturing fields. The final populations of overwintering corn borer
compared closely to the overwintering populations of 1949. (See CEIR

5 (52) :1133).

Soybean Insects
GREEN CLOVERWORM damaged soybeans again in 1955 and an estimated

6,125 acres were treated for control. Profits from these treatments were
estimated at $28,175. Populations gradually increased until as many as
30 per 6 feet of row were found in some fields in the northern half of the
State August 15'to 19, with an average of 5.8 per 6 feet of row in the
northwest section, 6.4 in the central section, 10.4 in the eastern section.
GRASSHOPPERS (mostly Melanoplus spp. ) migrated into marginal rows
of soybeans in June and July and did considerable damage to some fields
in early August when populations reached as high as 500 per 100 sweeps.
BEAN LEAF BEETLE (Cerotoma trifurcata) adults appeared in fields in
late May or early June and gradually increased in numbers until as many
as 5 per 6 feet of row or 200 per 100 sweeps were found August 15 to 19.

- 135 -

An estimated 950 acres of soybeans were treated for control of this pest.
SEED CORN MAGGOT (Hylemya cilicrura) damaged soybeans in two
fields in late May or early June.

Small Grain Insects

ARMYWORM (Pseudaletia unipuncta) was not as abundant in 1955 as in
1954. In 1954 an estimated 10,125 acres were treated for control of
armyworms with profits from treatments estimated at $1,724,485. The
1955 acreage treated was estimated at 76, 780 and the profit at $529, 776.
Of the 1955 acreage 59, 620 acres were wheat land and 17,160 acres were
grassland. A flight of moths was observed in southwestern Illinois

April 12. Larvae were first reported in small grain in southern Illinois
April 25 to 28 and in the central part of the State May 16 to 19. The peak
of larvae abundance occurred about the same time in both 1954 and 1955.
Many second to fourth instar larvae were found in the southern two-
thirds of the State May 31 to June 3. CHINCH BUG (Blissus leucopterus)
populations were less than expected. Timely rains aided in keeping the
population low. Adults were present in numbers up to 1. 2 per linear foot
in some small grain fields May 2 to 5 and by May 12 as many as 20 per
linear foot of drilled row, and damaging oats in spots in Grundy County.
As many as 300 nymphs per linear foot of row were found in some fields
in the southwestern section of the State May 31 to June 3. An estimated
22,130 acres were treated to control this pest, with profits from these
treatments estimated at $128, 625. In 1954 an estimated 68,965 acres
were treated and the profit was estimated at $509, 811. The 1955 fall
survey showed that nine counties rated severe or very severe in 1955
compared with 19 counties with this rating in 1954. HESSIAN FLY
(Phytophaga destructor) caused broken tillers in some wheat fields in
June but no extensive damage was reported. The annual survey made at
wheat harvest time showed an increase in populations throughout the
State. In 1954 the State average was 1. 3 percent of the tillers infested.
The State average in 1955 was 5.5 percent. Heaviest infestations were
found in the northwest, southwest, and southeast sections of the State.
As many as 44 percent of the tillers were infested in some fields. WHEAT
JOINTWORM (Harmolita tritici) larvae were found early in the southwest
and southeast sections of the State. The average number of tillers
infested throughout the State this year was 0.7 percent as determined by
the annual survey, compared with 2.3 percent in 1954.

ENGLISH GRAIN APHID (Macrosiphum granarium) was present through-
out the State from May 2 to June lO. Greatest numbers were found

May 31 to June 3 when some wheat fields averaged as many as 5, O00
aphids per 100 sweeps of a 15-inch net and 255 aphids per wheat head.
SAWFLY (probably Dolerus unicolor) larvae averaged 30 per 100 sweeps
of a 15-inch net or 3 per 5 linear feet of row in one wheat field in western
Tlinois May 12 and five per 100 sweeps in a wheat field in eastern

Illinois May 9. GRASSHOPPERS (Melanoplus spp. ) in wheat fields
varied from 0 to 50 per 100 sweeps and in oats from O to 340 per 100
Sweeps the first of June.

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Bluegrass Insects
CORN FLEA BEETLE adults have been collected every month of the year

by sweeping bluegrass. From 0 to 830 beetles per 100 sweeps were
found the first half of April, up to 1,235 adults per 100 sweeps Novem-
ber 12, in May and July from 0 to 52. CHINCH BUG adults occurred up
to 120 per 100 sweeps in late April but were very scarce by the first of
June. BRONZED CUTWORM (Nephelodes emmedonia) larvae were very
common throughout the northern one-half or two-thirds of the State in
April. Up to 36 larvae per 100 sweeps of a 15-inch net were found in
some places in western area. ARMYWORM first and second instar
larvae averaged 10.7 per 100 sweeps of a 15-inch net with as many as 40
per 100 sweeps in the southwestern area May 2 to 5. May 16 to 19
average number of larvae per 100 sweeps in the northwest, northeast,
west, and central sections respectively was 8.3, 0, 30, and 12.1. They
apparently decreased everywhere after that time except in the northwest
section where an average of 11.3 first to second instar larvae were found
per 100 sweeps June 13 to 16 with as many as 70 per 100 sweeps in some
locations. SAWFLY (probably Dolerus unicolor) larvae averaged 27.4
per 100 sweeps in the northeast section and 1.3 per 100 sweeps in the
eastern section May 9 to 12. Up to 48 per 100 sweeps were found in
some places in the northeast section. GRASSHOPPER nymphs (mostly
Melanoplus spp. ) were very numerous in the northern one-half to two-
thirds of the State from late May to at least July 21. A weekly average
exceeding 200 nymphs per 100 sweeps was found in each of the following
sections of the State at least one week during that period: northwest,
west, central, east, and west-southwest sections. As many as 3, 400
nymphs per 100 sweeps of a 15-inch net were recorded June 13 to 16.

Vegetable Insects

BEET LEAFHOPPER (Circulifer tenellus) adults numbered one per 750
sweeps in horse-radish in the Kast St. Louis area May 11. They were
more abundant the last of August than at any other time during the sum-
mer. ONION MAGGOT (Hylemya antigua) began increasing in onion sets
in Cook County about May 15 or 20. CARROT BEETLE (Ligyrus
gibbosus)severely damaged carrots, other vegetables, and various
flowers by June 10. CORN EARWORM eggs averaged approximately one
per fresh silk on market corn at East St. Louis by June 17. TOMATO
APHIDS were exceptionally abundant on commercially-grown tomatoes in
northern area and many fields were being treated by June 24. COLORADO
POTATO BEETLE (Leptinotarsa decemlineata) damaged some fields of
tomatoes in northern area by June 24. A SAP BEETLE (Carpophilus
savi) and possibly others were reported as rivaling the corn borer and
corn earworm as a pest of market and canning corn in some sections.

Insects of Shade Trees and Ornamentals

A moderate flight of SPRING CANKERWORM (Paleacrita vernata) moths
occurred at Champaign March 11. Larvae defoliated some trees by
May 6 and severely damaged elms in western area by May 13. TENT
CATERPILLAR (Malacosoma spp. ) eggs were hatching in northern
Illinois April 26. Larvae were very common in Kane County, north-
eastern Illinois, May 9 to 12, and defoliation of wild cherry trees

- 137 -

occurred. ELM LEAF BEETLE (Galerucella xanthomelaena) was
damaging Chinese elms in southern area by June 3. BAGWORM
(Thyridopteryx ephemeraeformis) seriously defoliated some shrubs and
trees. GREEN JUNE BEETLE (Cotinis nitida) adults caused damage,
especially to peaches in some areas.

Stored Grain Insects

In general, stored grain insects were as abundant in 1955 as in 1954.
INDIAN-MEAL MOTH (Plodia interpunctella) was commonly found
infesting the surface of grain from early July until mid-October. Other
insects which occurred in moderate numbers in wheat and other grain
were rice weevil, saw-toothed grain beetle, cadelle, flat grain beetle,
yellow mealworm, and red flour beetle. ANGOUMOIS GRAIN MOTH
(Sitotroga cerealella) again was present throughout the southern one-half
of the State but was of significant economic importance only in the
southern one-third of the State. A survey revealed that about 36 percent
of the farmers in the State use control practices against stored grain
MNSCCLS).

Livestock Insects

A total of 98 Hereford cows were examined for lice in southern area in
November. About 16 percent were found infested with SHORT-NOSED
CATTLE LOUSE (Haematopinus eurysternus) and 104 head of Hereford
cows and bulls showed 73 percent positive lesions of A MANGE MITE

(Chorioptes bovis).

Beneficial Insects

LADY BEETLES (mainly Hippodamia convergens, H. paranthesis, and
Coleomegilla fuscilabris) were very abundant in 1955. As many as 340
adults per 100 sweeps were found in clover and alfalfa fields in the
northern half of State May 2 to 5 when overwintered adults reached peak
abundance. New generation of adults reached peak abundance in clover
and alfalfa in that area by mid-July or later. As many as 600 adults
per 100 sweeps were found in the west-southwestern area. The greatest
number of adults found in small grain fields was 120 per 100 sweeps in
late May. LACEWINGS (Chrysopa spp. ) were very numerous as was

A FLOWER BUG (Orius insidiosus) and SYRPHID FLIES. These beni-
ficial insects undoubtedly destroyed large numbers of eggs and young of
destructive insects and played a large part in keeping the populations of
destructive insects at a low level.

SAD i sb 4
} aya Fs

A H SERVICE

AGRICULTURAL RESEARCH SERVICE

PLANT PEST CONTROL BRANCH

ECONOMIC INSECT SURVEY SECTION

The Cooperative Economic Insect Report is
Issued weekly as a service to American Agrl-
culture. Its contentsare compiled from informa-
tion supplied by cooperating State, Federal, and
industrial entomologists and other agricultural
workers. In releasing this material the Branch
serves as a clearing house and does not assume

responsibility for accuracy of the material.

Reports and inquiries pertaining to this release
should be mailed to:

Economic Insect Survey Section
Plant Pest Control Branch
Agricultural Research Service
United States Department of Agriculture
Washington 25, D. C.

Volume 6 February 24, 1956 No. 8
GOOD MIR/AWIW 1, 1 COINOMILG WINS 1S Oy lah ic Ie O)la, ab

Highlights of Insect Conditions
WINTER GRAIN MITE of concern in small grains in some north Texas

counties. (p. 141).

ARMYWORM larvae appearing in northern Louisiana. (p. 141)
Moths active in Texas, Louisiana, Mississippi and Georgia. (p. 146).

SOUTHERN CORN ROOTWORM adults damaging alfalfa in Louisiana.
(p. 141).

BEET LEAFHOPPER outlook for the Intermountain Region. (p. 148).
Infestations medium to heavy on spinach in Dimmit, Zavala and Maverick
Counties, Texas. (p. 144).

Summary of GYPSY MOTH conditions - 1955. (p. 148).

SUMMARY OF INSECT CONDITIONS - 1955 - in Pennsylvania (p. 150),
New York (p. 158), Virginia (p. 158).

AR AE AK 2K 2K 2 2 aK OK KC 2K 2 2K 2K A 2 KK 2K 2 KK 2 RK AK 2 2K OK KK RK OK KK

Reports in this issue are for the week ending February 17, 1956, unless
otherwise designated.

- 140 -

WEATHER BUREAU'S 30-DAY OUTLOOK
Mid-February to Mid-March 1956

The Weather Bureau's 30-day outlook for the period from mid-February

to mid-March calls for temperatures to average below normal in the
western half of the country, with greatest departures in the Plateau

Region. East of the Mississippi above normal temperatures are predicted, °
with warmest weather along the Gulf Coast. Precipitation is expected to

be subnormal in New England, the South Atlantic States, and the Southern
Plains. In the remainder of the nation above normal amounts of rain and
snow are indicated.

This report released by the Weather Bureau on February 17, 1956.

Weather forecast given here is based on the official 30-day "Resume
and Outlook", published twice a month by the Weather Bureau. You can
subscribe through Superintendent of Documents, Washington 25, D. C.
Price: $4.80 a year, $2.40 for six months.

WEATHER FOR THE WEEK ENDING February 20, 1956

Barly meterologists called zone of interaction between warm and cold air
"The Kampfzone" (Battleground). This characterization very appropriate-
ly describes conditions existing over the U. 8. for the past week. Very
cold air hovered over the northwestern part of the country, while warm,
moist air lingered over the Southeast. Near record cold for February
(minus 36~) occurred at Mellette, South Dakota, while very warm weather
(above 90°) prevailed in the Rio Grande Valley. Blizzard conditions in
the Dakotas on February 15-16; tornadoes ripping across Texas and
Mississippi; glaze and sleet from Kansas to Indiana; local flooding in
Kentucky and Tennessee; light freeze in Florida and California; and the
start of maple sugaring in New York--all indicate the confusion resulting
from the approach of spring. Moderate to heavy rains again occurred in
the Southeast and along the Gulf Coast. Public transportation in New
Orleans was halted from 3 p.m. to 6 p.m. on Wednesday due to streets
being flooded by heavy thunderstorms, and considerable inconvenience
was experienced in New England as 1 to 10 inches of snow fell on Feb. 18.
More than one inch of precipitation fell in a broad band extending from
east Texas to New England. Lighter rain fell along the South Atlantic
Coastal area. Soil moisture conditions are generally good east of the
Mississippi River, although Kentucky and Tennessee are suffering locally
from a light flood in the lowlands. Elsewhere, light snow falls in the
North and Northwest added to an already excellent accumulation, and

in the Southwest where added moisture would be very welcome, only

light amounts of snow fell in the mountains. Very cold temperatures
penetrated the Northwest and Plains States, with the zero line reaching
as far South as Nevada, Utah, Colorado, Nebraska, Iowa and Wisconsin.
Coupled with the snow cover the cold forced heavier feeding of livestock,
placing a drain on feed supplies. In the Northwest, high winds along with
(Weather continued on p.

- 141 -
CEREAL AND FORAGE INSECTS

GREENBUG (Toxoptera graminum) - LOUISIANA - Light infestations in
oats in Red River, Bossier, Ouachita and East Carroll Parishes.
(Oliver). OKLAHOMA - Reported from one field in Tillman County.
(Hudson).

WINTER GRAIN MITE (Penthaleus major) - TEXAS - Heavy local to
widespread infestations on oats and other small grains in Milam, Van
Zandt and Denton Counties. (Chada, Hawkins, Moore). Light to medium
local infestations on oats in Delta and Hunt Counties. Heavy widespread
infestations on wheat, oats and barley in Collin County. Under some hills
of grain, 25-30 mites found on ground. (Hawkins).

ARMYWORM (Pseudaletia unipuncta) - LOUISIANA - Found over northern
area with 2-15 first to third instar larvae per square yard in Bossier
Parish and 0-5 larvae per 100 sweeps of oats-clover, oats-alfalfa
mixtures and oats in Ouachita, Hast Carroll, West Carroll, Tensas and
Avoyelles Parishes. (Oliver).

RHODES-GRASS SCALE (Antonina graminis) - GEORGIA - Moderate
damage to Bermuda grass in Tift County. (Beck).

CRANE FLIES - CALIFORNIA - Two species, Tipula simplex and T.
quaylei, caused serious damage to pasture grass on 700 acres in Santa
GiarayCounty. (Call Coop: Rept., Feb.) l=15).

SOUTHERN CORN ROOTWORM (Diabrotica undecimpunctata howardi) -
LOUISIANA - Very abundant in all forage crops examined. From 100 per
100 sweeps of alfalfa in Bossier Parish, 203 per 100 sweeps of vetch-
oats-clover mixture in Ouachita Parish and 1-70 per 100 sweeps of alfalfa,
clover, oats and vetch in Avoyelles, Red River, Natchitoches, Webster,
Claiborne, West Carroll, East Carroll, Tensas, Rapides and Grant
Parishes. Causing considerable damage to alfalfa. (Oliver).

SPOTTED ALFALFA APHID - CALIFORNIA - General over Kings County
alfalfa fields and light infestations in Orange and Riverside Counties.
(Cal. Coop. Rept., Feb. 1-15). TEXAS - Light, local infestations on
alfalfa in Collin County. (Hawkins). OKLAHOMA - Populations lower
than during past five months for counties of Major, Custer, Comanche,
Grady, and McClain and ranged from 900-6600 per square foot of alfalfa
crown. (Coppock). Some spraying being done in southeastern area.
(Hudson). KANSAS - A few adults and nymphs found in alfalfa in Cowley
County. (Burkhardt, Peters). LOUISIANA - A general survey north of
U.S. Highway 190 showed infestations in 10 of 11 fields examined. Light
to moderate infestations in infested fields. Infestations found for the
first time in three parishes: Avoyelles, East Carroll and Tensas.
(Oliver).

ALFALFA CATERPILLAR (Colias philodice eurytheme) - LOUISIANA -
Very light infestations in complex with Diabrotica balteata, Trichoplusia

- 142 -

ni, Macrosiphum pisi and Lygus lineolaris, in forage crops in southern
areas. (Oliver).

LEAFHOPPERS - LOUISIANA - A Single female of Empoasca sp. found
on alfalfa in Avoyelles Parish. (Oliver).

GREEN CLOVERWORM (Plathypena scabra) - LOUISIANA - Infestations
from 0-12 per 100 sweeps of alfalfa, clover, and vetch in Avoyelles,
Rapides, Natchitoches, Red River, Bossier, Webster, Claiborne,
Quachita, Hast Carroll and Tensas Parishes. (Oliver).

CLOVER LEAF WEEVIL (Hypera punctata) - LOUISIANA - Larvae infest-
ing alfalfa and clover at 1-32 per 100 sweeps in Rapides, Natchitoches,
Red River, Bossier, Ouachita, East Carroll and Tensas Parishes.
(Oliver).

SPRINGTAILS - LOUISIANA - Populations very heavy in all fields exam-
ined north of U. S. Highway 190. (Oliver).

WORM present in all but four fields. Average number of larvae was 1.a
per square foot of surface area and a maximum of 13 per square foot.
BROWN WHEAT MITE occurred in three counties: Major, Woods and
Dewey. (Coppock).

FRUIT INSECTS

EASTERN TENT CATERPILLAR (Malacosoma americanum) - LOUISIANA
Attacking plum trees in East Baton Rouge Parish. (Oliver).

Bernardino County. Infestations in Orange County remained light, and
light to heavy in Riverside County. Medium infestations in Santa
Barbara County. CITRUS BUD MITE occurred in Orange County in light
to medium infestations and light to medium in citrus in Santa Barbara
County. Medium infestations of CITRUS RED MITE in Santa Barbara
County citrus on the coast. Infestations of BLACK SCALE were medium
im CiirwS iM Samtal Barbara County. = (Cale COopsnc pram ie el—sita))

TRUCK CROP INSECTS

VEGETABLE WEEVIL (Listroderes costirostris obliquus) - CALIFOR -
NIA - Heavily infesting mustard crops in Orange County. (Cal. Coop.
Rept., Feb. 1-15). FLORIDA - Larvae averaging two per leaf of turnip
at Quincy, Gadsden County. (Tappan, Feb. 6). GEORGIA - Moderate to
heavy local infestation on tobacco in beds in Lowndes County. (Johnson).

APHIDS - TEXAS - Medium infestation on leafy vegetables in Lavaca

- 143 -

County. (Adams). NORTH CAROLINA - Numerous requests for control
on collards in Currituck, Pasquotank and Martin Counties. (Scott).

CABBAGE APHID (Brevicoryne brassicae) - CALIFORNIA - Medium
infestations in Orange County cabbage and light to medium in cole crops
in Santa Barbara County. (Cal. Coop. Rept., Feb. 1-15). GEORGIA -
Moderate to heavy infestations on cabbage in Colquitt, Brooks and
Lowndes Counties. (Johnson).

TURNIP APHID (Rhopalosiphum pseudobrassicae) - LOUISIANA -
Very heavy infestations in two turnip fields of Rapides Parish. (Oliver).

Beet Leafhopper Conditions in Utah, Western Colorado, Southern Nevada
Southeastern California and Central Arizona - 1956
The beet leafhopper spring movement from the southern desert breeding
grounds to the cultivated districts of north and south central Utah and
western Colorado is expected to be light. The movement to southern Utah,
southern Nevada, southeastern California and central Arizona is also
expected to be light. The local movement from the breeding grounds of
north and eastern Utah to the adjacent cultivated districts of northern Utah
and western Colorado is expected to be light. The overwintering popula-
tion in the southern breeding grounds of the beet leafhopper of south-
eastern California, western and southern Arizona, southern Nevada, and
southern Utah is very small. The spring host plant acreage in the
southern breeding grounds is greatly reduced over that of the last 10
years. In northern Utah and eastern Utah breeding grounds a moderate
population entered the winter under unfavorable conditions. A light
leafhopper movement to the cultivated districts of northern Utah and
western Colorado is to be expected. It must be emphasized that this
statement is based upon present conditions. The movement of the leaf-
hoppers into the cultivated districts of central Utah and western Colorado
is expected to start by mid-April and probably will reach its peak by
mid-May. The abundance of the population engaged in this movement will
depend upon unpredictable weather fluctuations during the next month
which affect the development of the beet leafhopper and its host plants.
However, as a result of experiences in previous seasons, conditions as
observed in 1956 have been associated with light movement ot leaf-
hoppers to the cultivated districts. Experience has shown when an early
spring follows a mild winter it usually advances the date of the beet
leafhopper movement from the uncultivated breeding grounds to the culti-
vated districts. On the other hand, a late spring with excessive rainfall
delays the date of the movement. For these reasons, a later statement
will be issued on beet leafhopper conditions. This will be based on
additional information obtained from surveys now in progress. (Dorst,
Knowlton).

BLACK CUTWORM (Agrotis ypsilon) - LOUISIANA - Average of one per
plant in a field of strawberries in East Baton Rouge Parish. (Oliver).

FALSE CHINCH BUGS (Nysius sp.) - TEXAS - Heavy widespread infes-

- 144 -
tations on wild mustard in Zavala and Dimmit Counties. (Rhichardson).

MOLE CRICKETS - GEORGIA - Light to moderate local infestations in
tobacco plant beds in Lowndes County. (Johnson).

BEET LEAFHOPPER (Circulifer tenellus) - TEXAS - Medium to heavy
widespread infestation on spinach in Dimmit, Zavala and Maverick
Counties (Richardson).

ARTICHOKE PLUME MOTH (Platyptilia carduidactyla) - CALIFORNIA -
Heavy infestations in artichokes in Santa Barbara County. (Cal. Coop.
Rept., Feb. 1-15).

COTTON INSECTS

PINK BOLLWORM (Pectinophora gossypiella) - OKLAHOMA - A total of
34.9 pounds of seed was examined for larvae from 123 samples from 24
counties up to February 2, 1956. Two live and 48 dead larvae were
found. A total of 2947 larvae reported from 140 lint cleaner inspections
and 3686 larvae in 261 gin stand inspections. (Bower).

FOREST, ORNAMENTAL AND SHADE TREE INSECTS

LESSER BULB FLY (Eumerus tuberculatus) - CALIFORNIA - Heavy
numbers in iris in small area in Colusa County. (Cal. Coop. Rept.,
Feb. 1-15).

FLORIDA WAX SCALE (Ceroplastes floridensis) - NORTH CAROLINA -
Infesting holly in Nash County. (Scott).

SOFT SCALE (Coccus hesperidum) - FLORIDA - Nymphs averaging 100
per plant on tropical almond at Princeton, Dade County and on leaf of
fern at Coconut Grove, Dade County. (Shepard, Miles).

JUNIPER WEBWORM (Dichomeris marginella) - NORTH CAROLINA -
Moderate local infestation on junipers in Graham County. (Scott).

PINE BARK APHID (Pineus strobi) - VIRGINIA - Has heavily damaged
white pines on a plantation in Wythe County. (Rowell).

SPIDER MITES - MISSISSIPPI - Tetranychus sp. occurred on cedar from
Humphreys County, February 13. Foliage was dropping from trees.
(Hutchins). MARYLAND - Injuring hemlock, Baltimore. (U. Md. Ent.
Dept. ).

Texas Forest Insect Situation

SOUTHERN PINE BEETLE infesting one tree in lower Hardin County;
first infestation in area in several years. A PINE REPRODUCTION
WEEVIL infesting a half acre of a 2-year-old pine plantation in San

Augustine County. RED-HEADED PINE SAWFLY infestation, previ-

- 145 -

ously reported, continues active in San Augustine County. BLACK
TURPENTINE BEETLE continues to cause death of trees in Hardin, Polk,
Montgomery and Walker Counties. A PINE TIP MOTH has seriously
infested a year-old plantation in southern Jasper County. (Texas Forest
Pest Committee).

INSECTS AFFECTING MAN AND ANIMALS

CATTLE LICE - UTAH - Common in Box Elder County in about average
numbers. (Brown, Knowlton). VIRGINIA - Light infestation of

Solenopotes capillatus and Bovicola bovis on dairy yearlings in Mont-
gomery County. (Turner, Raffensperger, Keeton, Morris).

CATTLE GRUBS - UTAH - Have been appearing in backs of Box Elder
County cattle for past four weeks and are showing in backs of cattle in
some parts of Cache County. (Brown, Knowlton). OKLAHOMA -
Populations in 100 cows average 2.9 per animal in western Payne County.
(Howell). MARYLAND - Survey of 12 farms in Queen Annes, Frederick
and Harford Counties showed the following: beef cattle, 17 out of 72
infested, average of 5.5; dairy cattle, 49 out of 214 infested, average of
3.8. Grubs more prevalent in animals under two years old. (U. Md.
Ent. Dept. ).

HOUSE FLIES - ARIZONA - Fly, mainly Musca domestica, populations
indices of two small towns in southeastern Maricopa and northwestern
Pinal Counties average of five highest grill counts in nine blocks for
Hebruany O-1i:ble 2, (Ariz. Coop. Rept. )!

A GNAT (Leptoconops torrens) - CALIFORNIA - Larvae found southeast
of Davis in adobe subsoil. This is the second area from which larvae
have been recovered. (Cal. Coop. Rept. Feb. 1-15).

A BOT FLY (Cephenemyia sp. ) taken from trachea of mule deer fawn, and
may have caused its death. (Det. F. G. Werner). (Ariz. Coop. Rept. ).

BROWN DOG TICK (Rhipicephalus sanguineus) - OKLAHOMA - Reported
from major towns and cities. (Howell).

BENEFICIAL INSECTS

PREDACEOUS BEETLES - LOUISIANA - Hippodamia convergens,
Collops balteata were present in forage crops in fields north of highway
190 along with some predaceous bugs. (Oliver). OKLAHOMA - H.
convergens numerous in alfalfa in Major County. (Coppock).

A PARASITE (Aphycus helvolus) - CALIFORNIA - Effectively parasitizing
black scale in Orange County. (Cal. Coop. Rept., Feb. 1-15).

- 146 -
STORED PRODUCT INSECTS

STORED GRAIN INSECTS - SOUTH DAKOTA - An infestation of FLAT
GRAIN BEETLE occurred in 1955 in stored wheat in Moody County.
Heavy infestations of CADELLE reported from 1955 stored wheat in
Yankton County. Several inquiries received about INDIAN-MEAL MOTH
in home stored cereals. (Lofgren, Hantsbarger, Feb. 14). NORTH
CAROLINA - Corn received at elevator from eastern counties is low in
quality with much insect damage. (Jones, Farrier).

MISCELLANEOUS INSECTS

POWDER POST BEETLES - SOUTH DAKOTA - Several infestations
reported from Yankton and Roberts Counties. (Lofgren, Hantsbarger,
Feb. 14).

TERMITES - SOUTH DAKOTA - Subterranean termites damaging a home
in Belle Fourche, Butte County. (Lofgren, Hantsbarger, Feb. 14).

BOXELDER BUG (Leptocoris trivittatus) - OKLAHOMA - Appearing in
moderate numbers in homes in Isabella, Major County. (Stiles).
VIRGINIA - Causing concern in Lee, Cumberland, Montgomery and
Bedford Counties. (Rowell, Morris).

AMERICAN COCKROACH (Periplaneta americana) - NORTH CAROLINA -
A persistent problem in a public building in Davidson County. (Scott).

TEXAS (College Station, 2/10-17/56): Pseudaletia unipuncta, 43;
Prodenia ornithogalli, 40; Peridroma margaritosa, 8; Agrotis ypsilon, ae
Feltia subterranea, 10; Agrotis malefida, 22. (Beaumont, 27 \ Vb SOE
P. unipuncta, 33; P. ornithogalli, Rees ‘ypsilon 2 Heliothis icone
LOUISIANA (Baton ou y= 17/56): A. ypSilon, Seige subterranea,
29; P. margaritosa, 1; P. ornithogalli, 3; P) unipuncta, 8. MISSISSIPPI
(State College, 2/13- OE AR ypSilonwel: i, unipuncta, 2; Fs ornithogalli,
2; Euetheola rugiceps, 4. GEORGIA (Tifton, 2/4- 10/56): P. unipuncta,
14; > F. Subterranea, 19; A. malefida, 20; A. silon, 4; P. ornithogalli,
ll.’ FLORIDA (Belle Glade, Dec. 3, 1955 to 17317 ): if, “subterranea, 1;

Protoporce sexta, l.

amare

Weather Continued

low temperatures did some damage as fields were blown bare. Freezing
temperature in California and Arizona did some light damage and
required active protection in orchards. Much above normal temperatures
in the Southeast resulted in rapid greening of pastures and swelling of
buds. In the zone between, alternate freezing and thawing is pulverizing
top soil in the Southern Plains and allowing moisture from melting snow
to penetrate the ground. ‘The snow cover is retreating Northward slowly
in the Mississippi drainage with much of the moisture entering the ground.
Moderate flooding is occurring on the Green River in Kentucky and on the
Ohio River below Evansville, Indiana. The Ohio rose to flood stage at
Cincinatti and will exceed flood stage from Louisville down stream.
Whereas the snow cover is slowly retreating in the East except for
temporary additions such as in New England on February 18, the snow
continues to accumulate in the Northwest. This week, Mt. Baker Lodge,
Wash., reports 287 inches in contrast to 228 inches last week, and
Crater Lake, Oregon, reports 150 inches as compared with previous
value of 117 inches. Lesser increases have occurred in Colorado, Idaho
and Montana. (Summary Supplied by U. S. Weather Bureau).

- 148 -
SUMMARY OF GYPSY MOTH CONDITIONS - 1955
Reported by H. L. Blaisdell

Following the record-breaking outbreak of gypsy moth in 1953, coopera-
tive surveys in southern New England and eastern New York areas showed
extensive spread of the pest into previously uninfested territory. To
determine the extent of such spread, sex-attractant traps were distributed
in the summer of 1955 in a long arc beyond the southern and western
limits of known infestation. Traps were placed on a grid pattern ina
continuous belt of territory extending from western Long Island through
northern New Jersey and northeastern Pennsylvania to the southern
foothills of the Adirondack Mountains east of Utica, New York. Male
gypsy moths were captured throughout much of the area trapped. Although
only a few specimens were recovered near the outer extremity of the
trapped area, the limits of recent spread cannot be conclusively deter-
mined until completion of at least another extensive trapping program. A
rapid scouting survey in progress since completion of the summer trap-
ping work has shown an extension of infestation west of the trapped area
in the vicinity of Utica, New York. Consideration is being given to
revision of the area under regulation in the Federal quarantine in the

light of this extension of infestation.

A cooperative trapping survey in Michigan resulted in the capture of male
gypsy moths in 23 of the 3,700 traps used. These recoveries were made
in scattered locations beyond the periphery of territory in the vicinity of
Lansing where spray treatments have been successfully applied. It is
evident that the central area of infestation in Michigan has been cleaned
up and only the detection and mop-up of infested spots in fringe areas
remains to be accomplished. Intensive trapping surveys and any neces-
sary control work will be continued to obtain early eradication of this
isolated infestation.

In the spring of 1955, DDT sprays were applied by aircraft and mist
blowers on 1, 108, 298 acres. A major portion of this acreage was. treated
by State agencies within the generally infested region to suppress infes-
tation outbreaks. Federal operations included the spraying of 167, 691
acres of peripheral infestation and assistance in the spraying of 35,970
acres by the Michigan Department of Agriculture.

Gypsy moth populations in the older area of infestation in central and
eastern New England are at the lowest level noted in many years. This
decline resulted from two successive summers in which larval mortality
was heavy because of expanded local spray programs and the prevalence
of wilt disease. Unfortunately the wilt disease has not been an important
control factor in the fringe areas of general infestation and outbreak
centers continue to develop at various locations in western New England
and eastern New York.

The accompanying map illustrates the known distribution of the gypsy moth
on) December) 315 1955"

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- 150 -
SUMMARY OF INSECT CONDITIONS - 1955
PENNSYLVANIA

Reported by J. ©.) Pepper

Cereal and Forage Crop Insects
HESSIAN FLY (Phytophaga destructor) was generally more abundant and
considerable loss resulted in southern and central areas. EZUROPEAN

WHEAT STEM SAWFLY (Cephus pygmaeus) adults were very numerous
in some southern Pennsylvania wheat fields but fallen straws were not
excessive at harvest time. SLUGS were unusually abundant and caused
considerable injury, particularly in low spots in corn fields. CLAY-
BACKED CUTWORM (Agrotis gladiaria) were in outbreak numbers in
the south central areas, damaging corn, tomatoes, cabbage and tobacco.
SOD WEBWORMS reduced stands and in some fields the combination of
SOD WEBWORMS and CUTWORMS damaged fields to the extent that
replanting was necessary. HUROPEAN CORN BORER (Pyrausta
nubilalis) caused a loss in 1955 of over two million dollars. This repre-
sents a loss of one million bushels of field corn over 1954. ALFALFA
WEEVIL (Hypera postica) was found in nine additional counties in 1955
bringing the total number of counties infested to 23. Severe damage
occurred in the southern parts of Lancaster, York, and Chester Counties
and in the southeastern corner of Adams. Spotted areas of considerable
injury occurred elsewhere in the infested area and concern is felt for
the concentrated alfalfa growing areas of Berks and Lehigh Counties in
1956. YELLOW CLOVER APHID (Pterocallidium trifolii) was found in
Northumberland and Centre Counties. MEADOW SPITTLEBUG
(Philaenus leucophthalmus) was in normal numbers and unsprayed fields
showed considerable reduction in yield. CLOVER LEAF WEEVIL
(Hypera punctata) and LESSER CLOVER LEAF WEEVIL (Hypera
nigrirostris) were abundant in some fields. Damage to corn by WIRE-
WORMS was severe in low spots of fields and damage was considerable
from spotted areas over the State.

A light infestation of STALK BORER (Papaipema nebris) occurred in corn
and flowers in south central Pennsylvania. Small localized outbreaks of
ARMY WORM (Pseudaletia unipuncta) occurred in scattered areas and
several acres of corn near barley fields were destroyed. CHINCH BUG
(Blissus leucopterus) caused moderate damage to corn in central
counties. Control measures prevented considerable loss. Control meas-
ures were necessary on FALL ARMYWORM (Laphygma frugiperda) on
late sweet corn in western Pennsylvania. CORN EARWORM (Heliothis
zea) continues to be a problem in mid-season and on late sweet corn.

In late September the YELLOW-STRIPED ARMY WORM (Prodenia
ornithogalli) destroyed August seedings of alfalfa in the southeastern
section.

Fruit Insects
The first generation emergence of CODLING MOTH (Carpocapsa
pomonella) was prolonged by cool weather until the generations over-

- lol -

overlapped. Late sprays were necessary to prevent late entries.
EASTERN TENT CATERPILLAR (Malacosoma americanum) and the
SPRING CANKERWORM (Paleacrita vernata) in the southeast and APPLE
MAGGOT (Rhagoletis pomonella) generally were very abundant on un-
sprayed orchards. PLUM CURCULIO (Conotrachelus nenuphar) was
abundant on unsprayed peach and apple orchards. ROSY APPLE APHID
(Anuraphis roseus), APPLE GRAIN APHID (Rhopalosiphum fitchii), and
APPLE APHID (Aphis pomi) were in moderate numbers and the WOOLLY
APPLE APHID (Eriosoma lanigerum) probably showed a slight increase.
EUROPEAN RED MITE (Metatetranychus ulmi) and TWO-SPOTTED
SPIDER MITE (Tetranychus telarius) were very abundant on apple and
peach earlier than usual but control measures prevented serious injury.
The latter were reported often doing injury to raspberry. RED-
BANDED LEAF ROLLERS(Argyrotaenia velutinana) were quite numerous
in some orchards but generally were kept under control by spraying.
Moderate infestations of the EYE-SPOTTED BUD MOTH (Spilonota
ocellana) on peaches and apples and the LESSER PEACH TREE BORER
(Synanthedon pictipes) on peaches were observed in northwestern
Pennsylvania. KUROPEAN FRUIT LECANIUM (Lecanium corni),
TERRAPIN SCALE (L. nigrofasciatum) and ORIENTAL FRUIT MOTH
(Grapholitha molesta) were very abundant in unsprayed peach orchards.
A light infestation of the UNSPOTTED TENTIFORM LEAF MINER
(Callisto geminatella) was found in Adams County on apples. A survey
showed the GRAPE PHYLLOXERA (Phylloxera vitifoliae) as abundant

in a number of vineyards on Concord grapesas in 1Y54GRAPE BERRY
MOTH (Paralobesia viteana) was in moderate numbers but slightly

greater than in 1954.

Vegetable insects
FLEA BEETLES were unusually abundant on potatoes, tobacco, toma-

toes and cabbage. Unsprayed fields of potatoes were severely injured.
Species on cabbage identified as Phyllotreta aerea. CLAY-BACKED
CUTWORM (Agrotis gladiaria) destroyed considerable tomato, cabbage,
and corn plants, and DINGY CUTWORM (Feltia subgothica) destroyed
cucumbers and raspberry plants in northwestern Pennsylvania.
ASPARAGUS BEETLES were generally abundant and, in some instances,
caused severe injury. SYMPHILIDS caused the loss of six acres of
tomatoes and heavy damage to other tomatoes, beans, cucumbers, and
peppers in the Susquehanna Valley area of central Pennsylvania.

SLUGS caused injury to sweet corn and entered cabbage heads late.
CABBAGE MAGGOT (Hylemya brassicae) was quite abundant with 5 to
25 percent infestation in northeastern Pennsylvania. Several light
infestations of the TOMATO RUSSET MITE (Vasates lycopersici) were
reported but prompt control measures prevented injury. ontrol was
necessary in some fields in central area for the PEA APHID (Macrosi-
phum pisi). HORNWORMS (Protoparce spp. ) were general but not
abundant and parasitism was heavy. EUROPEAN EARWIG (Forficula
auricularia) was reported several times from gardens in northwestern
Pennsylvania. SAP BEETLES were of some importance on sweet corn
ears. IMPORTED CABBAGEWORM (Pieris rapae) was numerous

early in the season but was controlled by sprays later. CABBAGE

- 152 -

LOOPER (Trichoplusia ni) became a serious problem in cabbage and
cauliflower. Other insects of some importance were TARNISHED PLANT
BUG (Lygus lineolaris), PARSNIP WEBWORM (Depressaria heracliana),
STALK BORER (Papaipema nebris), SERPENTINE LEAF MINER
(Liriomyza sp.) on tomatoes, GRASSHOPPERS, POTATO LEAF-
HOPPER (Empoasca fabae) and the COLORADO POTATO BEETLE
(Leptinotarsa decemlineata).

Forest and Shade Tree Insects

EUROPEAN PINE SHOOT MOTH (Rhycionia buoliana) is becoming so
prevalent that control measures are necessary, particularly in red pine.
PALES WEEVIL (Hylobius pales) Pissodes approximatus,, PINE ROOT-
COLLAR WEEVIL (H. radicis), and STRAWBERRY ROOT WEEVIL
(Brachyrhinus ovatus) are becoming serious problems in Christmas tree
plantations.

Man and Animal Insects :

NORTHERN FOWL MITE (Bdellonyssus sylviarum) caused severe
injury to broiler turkeys in Clearfield County. Numerous requests for
information on FLEAS and MOSQUITOES were received. BED BUG
(Cimex lectularius) seems to be increasing, judging from the number of
reports received.

Miscellaneous Insects

Increasing number of requests were received for information on OLD
HOUSE BORER (Hylotrupes bajulus) and the VARIED CARPET BEETLE
(Anthrenus verbasci). ELM LEAF BEETLE (Galerucella xanthomelaena),
BOXELDER BUG (Leptocoris trivittatus), and several species of
Brachyrhinus and other weevils caused much concern in homes. An
unusual number of reports were received of CASEBEARERS (Coleophora
sp. ) on the sides of houses and WHARF BORER (Nacerdes melanura).
During August, an outbreak of a MARCH FLY (Bibio longipes) extended
over north central area. BLACK WIDOW SPIDER (Latrodectus mactans)
was very abundant and received considerable newspaper publicity. Other
insects that were of importance in homes: CLUSTER FLY (Pollenia
rudis), particularly in older homes with shingle or loose siding, and, in
southeastern area during its migration period, EASTERN TENT CATER-
PILLAR (Malacosoma americanum).

- 153 -
SUMMARY OF INSECT CONDITIONS - 1955
NEW YORK
Fruit Insects
Reported by A. A. LaPlante

Apple Insects

APPLE MAGGOT (Rhagoletis pomonella) continued to be a serious threat
in 1955. In most commercial plantings infestations were relatively low
and mostly local. Infestation in unsprayed orchards continued at a very
high level and very widespread. EASTERN TENT CATERPILLAR
(Malacosoma americanum) was of minor importance in commercial
orchards but in unsprayed orchards it was rather general and abundant,
indicating a continuous high level of activity which began approximately
four years ago. EYE-SPOTTED BUD MOTH (Spilonota ocellana) contin-
ued at a relatively low level in commercial orchards despite one or two
local outbreaks and appears to be on an increasing cycle in unsprayed
orchards. FALL CANKERWORM (Alsophila pometaria) was relatively
minor in commercial orchards, with considerable activity in unsprayed
orchards. CODLING MOTH (Carpocapsa pomonella) increased in
activity in 1955 in commercial orchards. In a number of instances rather
serious economic damage occurred. In unsprayed orchards in 1955 the
population was general and very abundant throughout the State indicating
a high natural potential under 1955 conditions. EUROPEAN APPLE SAW-
FLY (Hoplocampa testudinea) now located on Long Island, Westchester,
Rockland, Orange, Dutchess was reported last year for the first time in
Ulster County. A local outbreak occurred in Dutchess County but in
commercial orchards populations were very low. In unsprayed orchards,
populations were quite high in counties reporting, indicating an increase
in population.

EUROPEAN RED MITE (Metatetranychus ulmi) was not as active in 1955
as expected under hot, dry conditions prevailing. Use of early control
measures have contributed to low activity. Populations in commercial
orchards were rather general and moderate and control was satisfactory.
FOREST TENT CATERPILLAR (Malacosoma disstria) was of very local
and minor occurence in commercial orchards with outbreaks in unsprayed
orchards in these counties: Ulster, Niagara, Clinton, Dutchess, and to
some extent, in Rockland. —TWO-SPOTTED SPIDER MITE (Tetranychus
telarius) damaged apples in Clinton and Oswego Counties but, in other
counties, it.was of relatively minor importance. FRUIT TREE LEAF
ROLLER (Archips argyrospila) in unsprayed orchards, in 1955, was
rather high, indicating an increase in activity. On the whole, commercial
orchards were mostly free of the pest. APPLE APHID (Aphis pomi)

was about the same as for the past few years - rather general and mode-
rately abundant. Control measures were not quite adequate without repeat
applications in an average spray application. A FRUITWORM (Xylina sp. )
was of relatively minor occurrence in both commercial and unsprayed
orchards. EUROPEAN FRUIT LECANIUM(Lecanium corni) continued in

- 154 -

local outbreaks, particularly in Ulster, Monroe, Ontario and Columbia
Counties. Increased activity is due primarily to the omission of
petroleum oil in the schedule without adequate control measures being
substituted for it. OYSTERSHELL SCALE (Lepidosaphes ulmi) was of
very local and minor importance in commercial orchards but occasion-
ally built up to substantial numbers in some unsprayed orchards. PLUM
CURCULIO (Conotrachelus nenuphar) was relatively less important in
1955 than in 1953 and about the same as in 1954. In unsprayed orchards
it was of general and widespread distribution in the Hudson Valley area
and not so intense in the western New York counties. In commercial
orchards the infestations were rather low throughout the State due to
control measures. RED-BANDED LEAF ROLLER (Argyrotaenia
velutinana) continued to increase throughout the State despite highly ef-
fective control measures. Activity in commercial orchards is not
serious in terms of loss of fruit on a State-wide basis, but the inability
of the growers to completely control the pest has caused concern. ROSY
APPLE APHID (Anuraphis roseus) activity was generally moderate
throughout the State in unsprayed orchards. Parasites and predators
worked effectively during May. Very low infestations were reported in
commercial orchards. ROUNDHEADED APPLE TREE BORER (Saperda
candida) was only of local and moderate importance in unsprayed orchards.

SAN JOSE SCALE (Aspidiotus perniciosus) appears to be building up in
unsprayed orchards. SCURFY SCALE (Chionaspis furfura) was of local
and minor importance in both commercial and unsprayed orchards.
TARNISHED PLANT BUG (Lygus lineolaris) was general in unsprayed
orchards and moderate to abundant in Niagara and Monroe Counties. A
LEAF MINER (Lithocolletis crataegella) occurred throughout the State
but in relatively low numbers except in Monroe, Niagara and Green
Counties. TWO-SPOTTED SPIDER MITE (Tetranychus telarius)
occurred in relatively fewer numbers during 1955. WOOLLY APPLE
APHID (Eriosoma lanigerum) appears on the increase in sprayed and
unsprayed orchards. Ontario, Wayne and Oswego Counties in western
New York reported local outbreaks, some rather serious.

Pear Insects

CODLING MOTH second brood increased on pears in 1955. The infes-
tations were not too serious in commercial orchards with a few local
exceptions but in unsprayed orchards infestations were rather high.
EUROPEAN RED MITE infestations were relatively low throughout most
of the State but rather general and moderate in Niagara and Columbia
Counties. A PLANT BUG (Neolygus invitus) occasionally caused
sufficient damage to classify it as a commercial pest of pears. PEAR
MIDGE (Contarinia pyrivora) continued to take its toll in local orchards
throughout the western area. PEAR PSYLLA (Psylla pyricola) con-
tinues to be the most important pest of pears in the State. Infestations
were uniformly abundant on unsprayed pears generally but with the
exception of a few local outbreaks the infestations in commercial orchards
were relatively low. PLUM CURCULIO was of relatively minor
importance in commercial orchards but showed unusual activity on

- 155 -

unsprayed pears.

Cherry Insects

BLACK CHERRY FRUIT FLY (Rhagoletis fausta) very heavily infested
unsprayed orchards but not quite as heavy as in some other years.
Commercial control was generally excellent. PLUM CURCULIO could
be found in most cherry orchards but was of very minor importance.
TWO-SPOTTED SPIDER MITE showed a build-up on cherries in several
western New York counties. EUROPEAN RED MITE was of relatively
little importance in commercial cherry orchards. CLOVER MITE
(Bryobia praetiosa) increased Somewhat on cherries.

Peach Insects

EUROPEAN RED MITE populations were very low except in Niagara
County. EUROPEAN FRUIT LECANIUM was checked by normal sched-
ules but rather severe infestations occurred in unsprayed orchards.
LESSER PEACH TREE BORER (Synanthedon pictipes) occurred in
sufficient abundance in commercial orchards in 1955 to indicate that they
are getting through, in small numbers, the normal spray schedule.
ORIENTAL FRUIT MOTH (Grapholitha molesta) took quite an upswing in
activity in the lower Hudson Valley, first brood being especially early
and abundant. The remainder of the State had low infestations in com-
mercial orchards. PEACH TREE BORER (Sanninoidea exitiosa) appears
to be increasing in commercial orchards that are being sprayed with a
phosphate type schedule. PLUM CURCULIO was of very minor
importance on sprayed peaches. ‘The infestation in unsprayed orchards
was rather general and abundant. ‘TARNISHED PLANT BUG summer
infestations were not as serious in 1955 as in 1954. The problem was
still more sérious in Monroe County where the most trouble occurred in
1954.

Plum and Prune Insects

APPLE MAGGOT continued to be a local problem in some commercially
sprayed plum and prune blocks. EYE-SPOTTED BUD MOTH was of
very local importance, possibly due to material used for curculio
control. EUROPEAN RED MITE appears to have been rather serious in
a number of counties in western area and moderate in some eastern
orchards. EUROPEAN FRUIT LECANIUM was of minor importance
except in a few orchards throughout the State. Populations in unsprayed
orchards were found to be in moderate numbers. PLUM CURCULIO was
of considerably less than average importance. Some unsprayed orchards
had heavy infestations but a fair number of counties had only moderate

to light infestations in unsprayed orchards.

Quince Insects
EYE-SPOTTED BUD MOTH was of minor importance in a few counties

and was general and moderate in unsprayed orchards in Niagara County.
ORIENTAL FRUIT MOTH was of minor importance in most of the
commercial plantings in the State. TARNISHED PLANT BUG caused

- 156 -

severe damage in Niagara County where it was general and severe in
unsprayed orchards. Lack of adequate prebloom applications may be
responsible.

Vegetable Insect Activity
Prepared by R. R. Kriner

MEXICAN BEAN BEETLE (Epilachna varivestis) was quite a problem in
1955. TWO-SPOTTED SPIDER MITE (Tetranychus telarius)was very
serious on beans in some areas. It was quite troublesome on Long
Island to the lima bean plantings and in Erie County to snap beans. SEED
CORN MAGGOT (Hylemya cilicrura) and CABBAGE MAGGOT (H.
brassicae) period of infestation in beans was extended at the beginning of
the growing season. ONION MAGGOT (H. antiqua) was a problem wher -
ever onions were grown on muck. A great amount of damage occurred,
especially where no control measures were used. CARROT RUST FLY
(Psila rosae) was a problem where carrots were grown in muck. Farm-
ers controlled the first brood but have not been able to do much with the
second brood. In 1955 it caused a great amount of injury. CARROT
WEEVIL ( Listronotus oregonensis) was a problem on Long Island and

in the lower Hudson Valley. On Long Island, it caused a great amount of
damage to carrots and parsley. It was also troublesome on celery and
carrots grown on muck in Orange County.

CABBAGE APHID (Brevicoryne brassicae) did not begin early in many
cabbage areas except in Wayne County. Later it caused a great amount
of damage. CABBAGE LOOPER (Trichoplusia ni) was one of the most
troublesome insects of cole crops in 1955. It occurred in nearly every
section where cabbage, cauliflower, and broccoli are grown. This pest
was not satisfactorily controlled. It appeared in July in great numbers,
and most growers were unable to control it. IMPORTED CABBAGE WORM
(Pieris rapae) came on very early in great numbers and was present
nearly all season. CORN FLEA BEETLE (Chaetocnema pulicaria) was
not very prevalent in sweet corn. CORN EARWORM (Heliothis zea) was
the greatest problem in the State this past season. Damage was the most
extensive in the lower Hudson Valley and on Long Island. In August it
was in such numbers that 100 percent infestation occurred in practically
all areas where the corn was treated with an insecticide for this pest.
EUROPEAN CORN BORER (Pyrausta nubilalis)was not as troublesome in
the Hudson Valley as in the past. STRIPED CUCUMBER BEETLE
(Acalymma vittata) was present in great numbers at the beginning of the
season of 1955, and young plants were damaged greatly. Many plants
became diseased with wilt spread by these beetles. SPOTTED CUCUM-
BER BEETLE (Diabrotica undecimpunctata howardi) was relatively
scarce compared with the striped cucumber beetle. TARNISHED PLANT
BUG occurred in great abundance in 1955 causing injury to many crops,
including lima bean pods and lettuce. COLORADO POTATO BEETLE
(Leptinotarsa decemlineata) was scarce in potato areas in 1955. POTATO
FLEA BEETLE (Epitrix cucumeris) was a great problem and the most

serious pest in most potato-growing areas and it seems to be getting more

=e ISS

numerous and causing more injury to potatoes in the early part of the
season. HORNWORMS (Protoparce sp.) were more troublesome in

1955 than in previous season. Most tomato areas experienced injury.
The insects were numerous in the Albany-Hudson Valley area and on
Long Island and occurred in large numbers in the Rochester and Syracuse
areas.

Western New York Vegetable Insect Notes
Prepared by Hervey, Davis and McEwen

The following insects were present in about the usual abundance with
little change from 1954: imported cabbageworm, cabbage aphid, cab-
bage root maggot, Mexican bean beetle, potato leafhopper (on beans), pea
aphid, pea weevil, striped cucumber beetle, and seed-corn maggot. The
cabbage looper was very abundant and destructive during August and
September; heaviest infestation in this area within the past ten years on
cabbage, cauliflower, broccoli and lettuce. The population was greatly
reduced late in the autumn by a virus disease. Drosophila sp. was more
abundant than usual in tomato fields and was a serious problem for
processors. Lygus bugs caused considerable injury to lima beans by
reducing the set and the quality of the seed.

Greenhouse Insect Activity
Prepared by J. A. Naegele

TWO-SPOTTED SPIDER MITE continued to be a serious pest on roses
grown under glass in New York State and has become an increasingly
serious pest because of the appearance of resistant strains over the past
several years. Increased injury from the complex of SLUGS which are
present in New York State greenhouses has caused considerable concern
among some growers. The influx of resistant CABBAGE LOOPER in
some rose ranges in State caused considerable concern and injury.

Many materials were tried in an attempt to get rid of the infestation, but
hand picking was finally resorted to. The persistence of CHRYSANTHE-
MUM APHID in terminals of chrysanthemums was a general and serious
problem and concerned growers who did not apply control measures
early enough to achieve control when the bugs were not in the crowns.

Livestock Insects
Prepared by H. H. Schwardt
The following insects are listed in approximate order of importance
during 1955: house fly, a cattle mange mite (Chorioptes bovis), cattle

lice (four species), horn fly, Sheep-ticks, hog mange mite (Sarcoptes
scabiei suis), and hog louse.

- 158 -

SUMMARY OF INSECT CONDITIONS - 1955
VIRGINIA
IS|OOmWECl JonZ IAS IE, INOiereHs

Cereal and Forage Crop Insects

CORN EARWORM (Heliothis sp.) damage was medium to heavy generally,
although some fields of -host crops had only light damage. Many fields

of corn had as high as 50 percent of the stalks heavily damaged in the
whorls. Damage to the heads of sorghum was heavy by August. Some
heavy damage occurred to soybeans but not to the extent or over as large
an area as in 1954. Severest damage to soybeans was in King William
and Sussex Counties. Severe damage to peanuts occurred in Sussex
County and to a lesser extent in the other peanut growing counties.
Alfalfa was severely damaged in Warwick. Well over 50 percent of all
ears of corn was damaged across the State. ALFALFA WEEVIL
(Hypera postica) infestations were known to be present in 18 counties at
the beginning of 1955, but by the middle of June a total of 64 were known
to be infested. Activity began the latter half of February and continued
as late as August. The severity and wide distribution of the infestation
was evident by mid-April. Heaviest infestations were first in old
infested areas of northern and eastern Virginia, but fields in counties
west and south of old infestations were being severely damaged. First
cutting of alfalfa was severely damaged or a total loss, and in practically
all these areas second cutting was greatly reduced and retarded. The
outbreaks caused the purchase of many control rigs and insecticides
became hard to get in some areas. Severity of infestitations abated by
the middle of June.

PEA APHID (Macrosiphum pisi) was extremely heavy on alfalfa through-
out the State during late winter and early spring. The build-up to near
economic important levels occurred in late March and by April 1. Popu-
lations increased rapidly with severe damage in many instances. A very
large number of acres was treated. The temperature was favorable for
the aphids but too cool for predators and diseases. A late freeze had
weakened alfalfa and the tremendous populations caused the death of many
alfalfa plants in established stands and in many new seedings. By the
end of April, natural enemies and diseases began to reduce populations
and had reduced the infestation generally by the end of May. Heavy
infestations again developed in a few fields during the latter half of
November. ENGLISH GRAIN APHID (Macrosiphum granarium) and
CORN LEAF APHID (Rhopalosiphum maidis) infestations were heavy on
barley in scattered areas locally. COWPEA APHID (Aphis medicaginis)
was light on clover in one area of Spotsylvania County. ARMYWORM
(Pseudaletia unipuncta) outbreaks occurred in scattered localities

during 1955. The first outbreaks occurred in oats in southwestern and
southeastern areas. During succeeding weeks, barley, wheat, corn, rye
and orchard grass, permanent pastures, meadows, and alfalfa were
damaged to a varying extent. Damage was not, however, as heavy or
widespread in 1955 as in the spring of 1954. Some in the Norfolk area of

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Princess Anne and Norfolk Counties had to treat fields of oats, wheat
and other small grains. EUROPEAN CORN BORER (Pyrausta nubilalis)
damage is generally of most importance in northern and southwestern
counties. Counties where damage ranged from light to heavy were
Stafford, Madison, Page, Nansemond, Greensville, Norfolk, Princess
Anne, Southampton, Appomattox and Prince Edward. Larvae damaged
wheat in New Kent and Hanover Counties. A fall survey was completed
in November (See CEIR 6(52):1133). FALL ARMYWORM (Laphygma
frugiperda) outbreaks damaged corn, soybeans and peanuts near the end
of July. The first outbreaks were reported from Goochland, Richmond,
Southampton, Surry and Washington Counties. Infestations were most
widespread and damaging in the soybean and peanut growing areas in
southeastern and eastern Virginia. Neither outbreaks nor damage was
as heavy and widespread as in 1954. POTATO LEAFHOPPER (Empoasca
fabae) populations became quite heavy on alfalfa in many counties by
mid-July and had caused many fields to turn yellow by the end of July.
Dry weather accentuated the injury until heavy rains about the middle of
August reduced populations and made it possible for stands to grow out of
the leafhopper damage in most areas.

JAPANESE BEETLE (Popillia japonica) adults emerged about mid-June.
Light to heavy damage, but generally light, occurred to corn, soybeans,
alfalfa and lespedeza. Populations were heavier than in 1954. Larvae of
GREEN JUNE BEETLE (Cotinis nitida) damaged pastures, clover,
alfalfa and lawns to a varying extent. Area of heaviest infestation ap-
pears to be in the Tidewater area. First half of July, heavy flights took
place in Nansemond, Norfolk and Princess Anne Counties, and moderate
flights occurred in Isle of Wight, Surry, Southampton and Sussex Coun-
ties. MEADOW SPITTLEBUG (Philaenus leucophthalmus) damage was

not as heavy or widespread this year as during 195 Medium damage to
clover was reported from Carroll County. Heavy damage vuccurred to
clover in areas of Washington and Bland Counties. CUTWORMS damaged
clover and grasses in Henrico County by late April and corn in Spot-
Sylvania, Middlesex and Smyth Counties soon afterwards. CLOVER LEAF
WEEVIL (Hypera punctata) larval outbreaks occurred in clover and
alfalfa in most parts of the State and the fungus disease that usually keeps
the species under control was slow to do so in Mecklenburg, Henry,
Wythe, Floyd and Prince Edward Counties. CLOVER ROOT BORER
(Hylastinus obscurus) and CLOVER ROOT CURCULIO (Sitona hispidula)
did not do as much damage as during 1954 but damaged red clover in
Augusta County, killing out many second-year stands. BLUEGRASS BILL-
BUG (Calendra parvula) caused much less damage to grass than in 1904.
SOUTHERN CORN ROOTWORM (Diabrotica undecimpunctata howardi)
damage to peanuts varied from light to heavy and lighter than in 1954.
Moderate to severe damage to corn seedlings occurred in spotted areas of
widely separated counties. Other insects that damaged cereal and forage
crops in one or more small areas spotted over the State were corn sap
beetle, corn root webworm, southern cornstalk borer, lesser cornstalk
borer, sugarcane beetle and seed-corn maggot to corn; lygus bugs, green
cloverworm, flea beetles, alfalfa caterpillar, three-cornered alfalfa

hopper, blister beetles(various species), garden webworm, lesser clover

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leaf weevil, and sweetclover weevil to alfalfa and clover; green clover-
worm, bean leaf beetle, flea beetles, thrips and spider mites to soybeans;
thrips and lesser cornstalk borer to peanuts and alfalfa webworm to
Ladino clover-orchard grass pastures. Grasshoppers were general and
damaged all crops to a small extent. Nomophila noctuella damaged
alfalfa once.

Fruit Insects

CODLING MOTH (Carpocapsa pomonella) damage to apple orchards in
Virginia was probably lighter this year than in 1953-54 except in southern
areas where spray schedules were limited. . Light to moderate damage to
apples occurred in the northern orchards. In Augusta and Albemarle
Counties damage to apples was light at harvest time. APHIDS were of
little consequence in Virginia apple and peach orchards during 1955. RED-
BANDED LEAF ROLLER (Argyrotaenia velutinana) damage during the
early part of the season by first and second generations was low but
damage by the third generation was scattered and caused concern to many
growers. PLUM CURCULIO (Conotrachelus nenuphar) did little damage
to apples during 1955. HKUROPEAN RED MITE (Metatetranychus ulmi)
was more active during the spring and early summer than —

for a number of years in many northern apple orchards where it was
doing heavy damage at petal fall. Infestations were brought under control
by mid-summer. A LEAF MINER (Callisto geminatella) damage was
more general in orchards in northern Virginia than in 1954, and damage
would have been extremely heavy except for proper control measures.
YELLOW-NECKED CATERPILLAR (Datana ministra) infestation was con-
siderably less in 1955 than in the three or four preceeding seasons.
Commercial injury was negligible in northern areas. WALNUT CATER-
PILLAR (Datana integerrima) damaged host trees from approximately the
middle of July through October 10. Outbreaks occurred on black walnut
and/or pecan trees at Fredericksburg and City of Hampton and in coun-
ties of Franklin, Alleghany, Henrico, Carroll, Stafford and Spotsylvania.
Infestations were medium to severe on walnut trees in north central
Virginia.

Truck Crop and Garden Insects
EARWORMS (Heliothis sp. )were unusually destructive on untreated early

sweet corn; did considerable damage to tomatoes all summer; were quite
injurious generally to snap and lima beans; and caused heavy damage to
some fields of peppers, kale, collards and head lettuce. The greatest
losses by the corn earworms were in the truck cropping areas of south-
eastern and eastern areas. CABBAGE APHID (Brevicoryne brassicae)
plagued crops all summer and many applications of insecticides were made
to bring the crops through. GREEN PEACH APHID infestations ranged
from light to heavy on spinach crops as early as March and continued so
all year and to a lesser extent on cabbage and kale late in the season.
PEA APHID on garden peas required insecticides by May. FALL ARMY-
WORM (Laphygma frugiperda) injured sweet corn by the end of July and
was absolutely uncontrollable in southeastern area mid-season. It also
damaged cabbage and kale crops in some eastern areas in September.

CABBAGE LOOPER (Trichoplusia ni), IMPORTED CABBAGE WORM

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(Pieris rapae), and DIAMONDBACK MOTH (Plutella maculipennis) larvae
did considerable injury to cole crops. Heaviest damage by these three
species was in eastern and southeastern areas. HORNWORMS were
heavy on 80 acres of early tomatoes in Northumberland County by the
first of July and were numerous on this crop in all eastern and south-
eastern areas within a few days. They severely damaged tomatoes in
Fairfax County, and medium damage was done to tomatoes in Prince
William County. BEAN LEAF BEETLE (Cerotoma trifurcata) first
occurred in late May on snap beans and black-eyed peas in King William
County. During July they severely damaged black-eyed peas in West-
moreland County and caused light injury to snap beans in eastern and
southeastern areas. FLEA BEETLES (particularly Epitrix hirtipennis and
E. cucumeris) heavily damaged truck crops and gardens in all areas,
particularly crops in eastern and southeastern areas. COLORADO
POTATO BEETLE (Leptinotarsa de cemlineata) damaged poorly-treated
potatoes particularly of eastern and southeastern areas. MEXICAN BEAN
BEETLE (Epilachna varivestis) populations were about normal on beans
during June in eastern and southeastern areas with damage from light to
moderate. In July severe damage to untreated gardens occurred, gener-
ally.

SPOTTED CUCUMBER BEETLE (Diabrotica undecimpunctata howardi)
and STRIPED CUCUMBER BEETLE (Acalymma vittata) damaged host
plants in all parts of the State, along with SEED-CORN MAGGOT and
CABBAGE MAGGOT; were severe on cucumbers on the Eastern Shore
during the first half of May; had to be controlled during July on fall cucum-
bers in eastern and southeastern areas to prevent the spread of wilt; and
were very numerous on cucurbits in the truck crop areas during Septem-
ber. TWO-SPOTTED SPIDER MITE was most common on beans.
PICKLE WORM (Diaphania nitidalis) injury in truck cropping areas
occurred to cucumbers, white summer squash, and especially to yellow
crookneck squash during late July, to cantaloupes ripening in late August,
and was severe on pie pumpkins during the first half of September and
injured fall plantings of cucurbits September. POTATO LEAFHOPPER
(Empoasca fabae) moderately damaged beans and potatoes in eastern
areas and heavily damaged vegetables in Scott County. TOMATO RUSSET
MITE (Vasates lycopersici) first found at Arlington in 1954, this year was
found in a Norfolk greenhouse and ina Richmond garden. Vegetable
weevil moderately damaged some plantings of tomatoes in the Norfolk
area and a single adult was found at Richmond. SEED-CORN MAGGOT
caused medium to severe damage in some areas. CABBAGE MAGGOT
destroyed cabbage, cantaloupe and cucumber plants in Warwick City
during April, damaged cabbage in Tazewell County early in July; and
heavily damaged turnips in Highland County late in July.

Tobacco Insects (Dominick & Morris)

TOBACCO FLEA BEETLE (Epitrix hirtipennis) was more abundant in
tobacco plant beds than during 1954 and resulted in some damage parti-
cularly in the eastern tobacco growing counties. Damage to newly-set

tobacco was generally light in spotted, local areas and some damage

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occurred to late-maturing tobacco. WIREWORM damage to newly-set
tobacco was scattered with more extensive injury in several of the eastern
counties. BUDWORMS (Heliothis spp. ) appeared earlier than usual but
damage was light. First brood of HORNWORMS (Protoparce spp. ) was
generally light and the second brood was moderate to heavy particularly on
late tobacco and required control on a large part of the flue-cured
tobacco. GRASSHOPPERS caused greater damage than usual to flue-
cured tobacco. TREE CRICKETS (Oecanthus spp. ) caused light damage in
several fields of Pittsylvania and Halifax Counties. GREEN PEACH
APHID (Myzus persicae) was light to severe early in several of the

larger tobacco growing counties and many growers used insecticides.

With the on-set of hot dry weather during July, aphid infestations largely
disappeared due to biological control and further build-up during the
season failed to materialize.

Cotton Insects

BOLL WEEVIL (Anthonomus grandis) winter survival was only 3.5 per-
cent or an average of 71 per acre. By June 17, counts in Mecklenburg
and Southampton Counties revealed only 25 and 50 per acre present. ‘The
average infestation by square counts in Greensville, Southampton and
Brunswick Counties during the first week of August was only 12 percent
infestation, still much lower than the July, 1954, infestation rate. Popu-
lations never became as heavy as during 1954. A fall survey in 4 coun-
ties to determine the number of weevils in hibernation revealed an average
of 1,476 per acre. BOLLWORMS (Heliothis sp. ) did little damage to
cotton in Virginia during 1955. COTTON APHID (Aphis gossypii) was
never a problem on cotton during 1955. THRIPS caused light to heavy
damage in several counties. FLEA BEETLES did little damage to young
cotton in 1955. The highest population count for the season was 5 per 100
feet of row. SPIDER MITES were of no significance.

Forest and Shade Tree Insects (A. P. and C. L. Morris)

SOUTHERN PINE BEETLE (Dendroctonus frontalis) killed an estimated
4,500, 000 board feet of shortleaf and Virginia pines in five counties in the
Richmond area on 38, OOO acres from the fall of 1954 to late spring of 1955.
At the time of the survey, the number of new attacks of this beetle had
decreased by nearly 90 percent. Surveys during late September by the
Virginia Forest Service revealed a flare-up of beetles in many old spots
and a number of new spots in Prince Edward, Cumberland, and Buckingham
Counties. IPS BEETLES (Ips avulsus, I. pini andI. calligraphus) were
found in dead and dying pine trees in Virginia during 1955. BLACK
TURPENTINE BEETLE (Dendroctonus terebrans) caused damage in
almost all areas of the State but heaviest in the Piedmont area. NAN-
TUCKET PINE MOTH (Rhyacionia frustrana) heavily damaged tips of young
pines in the Norfolk area and tips of pine new growth in the Manassas area
of Prince William County. PINE SAWFLIES (Neodiprion lecontei and N.
abbotii) larvae heavily damaged pines in some areas as usual. They
severely damaged pines at Hilton Village and Warwick City during April
and pines in Mecklenburg County during late July. PALES WEEVIL
(Hylobius pales) damage was scattered and generally light. ELM LEAF
BEETLE (Galerucella xanthomelaena) larvae heavily damaged foliage of

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elm trees generally. FALL CANKERWORM (Alsophila pomotaria) did
not do as much damage in 1955 as in 1954. WALNUT CATERPILLAR
(Datana integerrima) damaged host trees from approximately the middle
of July through October 10. Outbreaks occurred on black walnut and/or
pecan trees at Fredericksburg and City of Hampton and in counties of
Franklin, Alleghany, Henrico, Carroll, Stafford and Spotsylvania.
Infestations were medium to severe on walnut trees in north central
Virginia. A LACE BUG (Corythucha sp.) caused heavy chlorosis of
leaves of sycamore trees and white oak trees in Bath County and were
spotted along U. S. Highway No. 11 from Staunton to Winchester.
BOXELDER BUG (Leptocoris trivittatus) populations were heavy on box-
elder trees generally.

Nursery and Ornamental Plant Insects

A WAX SCAL® (Ceroplastes ceriferus) ranged from light to heavy on
hollies, boxwoods, camellias, flowering quince, and gardenias in south-
eastern Virginia nurseries and home plantings. WHITE PEACH SCALE
(Pseudaulacaspis pentagona) infestations were from light to heavy on red
twig dogwoods, lilacs, willows, osmaria, ash, peach, philodendron and
Petalla trifoliata in southern area nurseries. HUONYMUS SCALE
(Unaspis euonymi) infestations on Euonymus plants were from light to
heavy in southeastern area nurseries; heavy in Nottoway and Rockbridge
Counties and at Arlington, Holland, Irvington, Staunton and Dublin.
CAMELLIA SCALE (Lepidosaphes camelliae) populations on camellia
plants were light to heavy in southeastern area nurseries. PINE NEEDLE
SCALE (Phenacaspis pinifoliae) heavily damaged needles of mugho and
Austrian pines in Norfolk County and killed a few pines in the Galax area
of Grayson and Carroll Counties. OYSTERSHELL SCALE (Lepidosaphes
ulmi) was heavy on lilacs in northern Virginia and damaged lilacs ina
locality of Tazewell County. A PEONY SCALE (Pseudaonida paeoniae)
damage to camellias in Warwick City, and Newport News and Norfolk and
Nansemond Counties ranged from light to heavy. GLOOMY SCALE
(Chrysomphalus tenebricosus) infestations in southeastern area nurseries
were from light to heavy on honeylocust and red and silver maple trees.
TEA SCALE (Fiorinia theae) damaged camellias in Nansemond, South-
ampton, Norfolk and Princess Anne Counties. BAGWORM (Thyridopteryx
ephemeraeformis) heavily damaged and in some cases killed arborvitae,
red cedar trees, rose bushes, apple trees, and most species of ever-
greens. Nearly every county or city had an infestation of some degree.
MIMOSA WEBWORM (Homadaula albizziae) infestations on mimosa trees
were present in all the major cities of the State and in many other areas.
GIANT HORNET damaged lilac bushes by chewing the bark off of the main
stems, limbs and twigs at one or more places in Appomattox, Spotsyl-
vania and Scott County and in Richmond and Blacksburg. HACKBERRY
NIPPLE GALL (Pachypsylla celtidis-mamma) caused the yellowing and
shedding of leaves of hackberry at Pulaski and were medium to heavy on
hackberry trees in Roanoke and Lancaster Counties. WHITE FLIES
Dialeurodes citri were severe on gardenias in the City of Hampton and
vicinity and Trialeurodes vaporariorum and/or Aleyrodes azaleae
infestations were light to heavy on gardenias and azaleas in some south-
eastern area nursery stock. LACE BUGS (Stephanitis sp.) were a

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State-wide problem and were worse than usual on pyracanthas, azaleas,
and crataegus in southeastern area. Infestations ranged from light to
heavy. TWIG GIRDLER (Oncideres cingulatus) continued to heavily
damage honeylocust seedlings in a southeastern area nursery and some
of the persimmon and ash trees in the nursery to a lesser extent. HOLLY
LEAF MINER (Phytomyza ilicis) infestations on various types of hollies
scattered throughout the State ranged from very light to heavy. BOXWOOD
LEAF MINER (Monarthropalpus buxi) was heavy on boxwoods in Fairfax
County, Arlington, Fredericksburg, Richmond, Lynchburg, Roanoke,
Lexington, Warwick City, and many other areas. A BLACK BLISTER
BEETLE (probably Epicauta pennsylvanica) practically stripped all the
leaves from branches of mimosa trees in Wythe County.

Insects Affecting Man and Animals
HOUSE FLY (Musca domestica) was kept at a low level around dairies,

homes, food markets, eating establishments, and many cattle barns by
persistent efforts. MOSQUITOES became very heavy during 1955,
particularly around marshes of southeastern and eastern areas. Many
people at summer homes along the seashore and along rivers abandoned
outdoor activities and sports. Areas in Norfolk and Prince George
Counties were especially heavily infested. CATTLE LICE were very
common on cattle in southwestern, Shenandoah Valley and eastern areas.
Three species were identified from herds in Montgomery County: CATTLE
BITING LOUSE (Bovicola bovis), LONG-NOSED CATTLE LOUSE
(Linognathus vituli), and SHORT-NOSED CATTLE LOUSE (Haematopinus
eurysternus). SHEEP SCAB MITE (Psoroptes equi ovis) occurred on
sheep in Smyth, Rockingham, Tazewell, Grayson, Frederick, Alleghany,
Augusta, Loudoun, Russell and Washington Counties. All infested
animals were dipped. BLACK WIDOW SPIDER (Latrodectus mactans)
was about as numerous as in 1954. Requests for control measures were
received from all parts of the State. TICKS were reported as being pre-
sent in very large numbers in the Dismal Swamp area of Norfolk County
during the spring of 1955. FLEAS were severe on lawns in sandy areas of
Richmond and vicinity. A BOT FLY (probably Oestrus ovis), first instar
larva, caused ocular myiasis in a child's eye in Roanoke County. HORN
FLY (Siphona irritans) populations were never severe. COMMON
CATTLE GRUB (Hypoderma lineatum) was heavy in cattle in Frederick
County during early March. Infestations were present in all parts of the
State to some extent.

Stored Products Insects

HIDE BEETLE (Dermestes maculatus) damaged cured hams and fat back
in King William, Tazewell, Montgomery, Augusta and Roanoke Counties
and heavily damaged about a ton of cured pork in Richmond, Virginia.
LARDER BEETLE (Dermestes lardarius) and RED-LEGGED HAM
BEETLE (Necrobia rufipes) also damaged home-stored hams in various
parts of the State. POTATO TUBERWORM (Gnorimoschema operculella)
was more numerous last spring than any year Since 1947 but damage in
the fall was negligible.

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Household Insects

Heavy infestations of BROWN-BANDED ROACH (Supella supellectilium)
were recorded in Loudoun, Henry and Pittsylvania Counties and from
Richmond. Heavy infestations of ORIENTAL COCKROACH (Blatta
orientalis) were reported in Montgomery, Page and Sussex Counties and
from Roanoke. GERMAN COCKROACH (Blattella germanica) was re-
ported from Montgomery, Roanoke and Bedford Counties and from
Richmond. DERMESTIDS, various species, have damaged rugs, stuffed
furniture, and other household furniture in all parts of the State. GIANT
HORNET (Vespa crabro germana) has become a State-wide problem by
their nesting in attics, under eaves of houses. Heavy infestations oc-
curred in Loudoun, Lunenburg, Montgomery and Scott Counties.
BOXELDER BUG (Leptocoris trivittatus) caused concern throughout the
State by their large numbers in and near dwellings. CLOVER MITE
(Bryobia praetiosa) invaded houses in many parts of the State.

Beneficial Insects

When the weather became warm enough for LADY BEETLE development
and emergence from hibernation, they did much to reduce severe
outbreak of pea aphids on alfalfa. GROUND BEETLE populations during
the first half of June in alfalfa fields in Pittsylvania, Spotsylvania and
Cumberland Counties ranged from light to heavy. A WASP (Campsomeris
plumipes) , a white grub parasite, emerged by the thousands and was
flying over the grass in an area in Chester.

Structural Wood Product Insects

TERMITE damage to homes, public buildings and wooden structures
continues to increase generally. OLD HOUSE BORER (Hylotrupes bajulus)
is becoming more of a problem every year. Most complaints come from
owners of homes built in the last five years. POWDER-POST BEETLES
damaged structural wood in homes in Roanoke and Page Counties, in
Narrows, Ellerson, Victoria, Clintwood and West Point.

2
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AGRICULTURAL RESEARCH SERVICE

PLANT PEST CONTROL BRANCH

ECONOMIC INSECT SURVEY SECTION

The Cooperative Economic Insect Report is.
Issued weekly as a service to American Agrl-
culture. Its contentsare compiled from informa-
tion supplied by cooperating State, Federal, and
industrial entomologists and other agricultural
workers. In releasing this material the Branch
serves as a clearing house and does not assume

responsibility for accuracy of the material.

Reports and inquiries pertaining to this release
should be mailed to:

Economic Insect Survey Section
Plant Pest Control Branch
Agricultural Research Service
United States Department of Agriculture
Washington 25, D. C.

Volume 6 March 2, 1956 No. 9
COOPERATIVE ECONOMIC INSECT REPORT
Highlights of Insect Conditions
GREENBUG active in some areas of Oklahoma and Louisiana. (p. 169).

SPOTTED ALFALFA APHID shows increase in southern Nevada and
in Brazos and Burleson Counties, Texas. (p. 170).

Light infestations of ARMYWORM in Louisiana. Moths active as far
north as Charleston, South Carolina. (p. 170).

PEA APHID infestations widespread in Louisiana. (p. 170).

FALSE CHINCH BUGS abundant in lettuce and turnips in lower Rio
Grande Valley, Texas. (p. 172).

PINK BOLLWORM regulated areas - January 1, 1956. (p. 175).
Some of the MORE IMPORTANT INSECT PESTS for 1955. (p. 176).
SUMMARY OF INSECT CONDITIONS - 1955 - Kansas (p. 178), West
Virginia (p. 181).

IE AES 2 A 2 SS 2 OE 2 OK 2K OK EE OK A A A OK OK OK OK OE OK OK RK OK OK RK AK OK 2 KK 2K OK

Recent Revisions in State Clearing Office List

CALIFORNIA - Mr. R. W. Harper, Acting Chief, Bureau of
Entomology, State Department of Agriculture,
Sacramento 14.

WEST VIRGINIA - Dr. C. K. Dorsey, Professor of Entomology, West
Virginia University, Morgantown.

FRIAR ARI RK BK

Reports in this issue are for the week ending February 24, 1956, unless
otherwise designated.

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WEATHER FOR THE WEEK ENDING FEBRUARY 27, 1956

Winds dominated the weather picture of the week as increased speed of
west to east movement of storms coupled with sharp temperature con-
trasts increased orographic rainfall on the west Coast, stirred up clouds
of dust from the Rockies eastward, set off tornadoes through Illinois and
Indiana, and provided the North Atlantic States with a good blow on
Saturday. Spring-like weather continued along the Gulf States and East
Coast, with fruit trees blooming as far north as Meridian, Miss.,
whereas snow continued to pile up in the mountains of the far Northwest
and near blizzard conditions prevailed in the Dakotas and temperatures as
low as -26° were reported in Minnesota and Wisconsin. Heavy rain
again is reported from San Francisco northward with Hobergs, Calif.,
reporting a total of 19.32 inches. Local flooding on the Russian and Eel
Rivers and mud slides caused disruption to transportation and power.
Higher temperatures and rain caused serious local flooding in portions
of the Columbia River Basin in eastern Washington. The Army is blast-
ing ice in the Poulouse River to reduce flood threat. The Rogue and
South Umpqua Rivers in Oregon also had local flooding. Elsewhere in the
country 1 to 2 inches of precipitation were reported from the States just
west of the Appalachians, while gales and freezing drizzle plagued
Minnesota and Wisconsin and hail associated with tornadoes and thunder-
storms was reported in Illinois and Missouri.

Above normal temperatures persisted along the Gulf Coast, with center of
departures of +9° in north-central Texas and a ridge of positive depart-
ures extending northwesterly to northern Idaho. Greatest below normal
temperatures were reported from the Red River Valley of the North
(-12°) with below normal temperatures also along the West and East
Coasts. The very warm weather along the Gulf Coast has urged the
swelling of fruit buds and blossoming at Meridian, Miss., is 2 weeks
ahead of the mean date of last freeze. Some concern is shown in
Arkansas because of the advanced stage of the swelling buds. Much of
the High Plains area is now subject to blowing dust whenever high winds
occur as was the case during the past week. The soil is dry and powdery
from the Texas Panhandle northward to western South Dakota and mois-
ture is,needed to hold the soil in place. Snow continues to accumulate in
the mountains of the far Northwest. Little change is reported in the snow
cover in New England and the North Central States. Although 1 to 4
inches were reported in Pennsylvania most all of it melted. Tornadoes
and associated thunderstorms and hail were reported from Missouri,
Illinois, and Indiana. Some hail damage was reported in southern St.
Louis County, Missouri, and an estimated 2 million dollars damage from
tornadoes is reported from St. Clair County in Illinois. Six people were
reported killed in the latter locality. In’ Indiana no lives have been
reported lost but considerable personal injury and property damage at
Bruceville, Martinsville, Shelbyville, and Cambridge City. High winds
across Ohio, Pennsylvania, Maryland, and District of Columbia also
caused minor property damage, power failures, and felled trees.
(Summary Supplied by U. S. Weather Bureau).

- 169 -
CEREAL AND FORAGE INSECTS

GREENBUG (Toxoptera graminum) - OKLAHOMA - Populations averaged
5.2 per linear foot of row in one barley field in Ottawa County and 0. 8
for one field of wheat. Four fields of wheat in Craig County averaged
ten per linear foot of row. APHIDS active and feeding were noted in
Craig County. (Coppock). LOUISIANA - Light populations infesting
small grains in Acadia, Jefferson Davis, East Feliciana, West Feli-
ciana, East Baton Rouge and St. Landry Parishes. Parasites and
predators apparently keeping populations down. (Oliver).

HESSIAN FLY (Phytophaga destructor) - GEORGIA - Moderate infesta-
tion on wheat in Jefferson County, Feb. 17. (Fortson).

ARMY CUTWORMS - OKLAHOMA - Causing extensive damage to wheat
in Greer County with populations averaging 13-16 per square foot.
Spraying widespread. (Flora).

GREEN JUNE BEETLE (Cotinis nitida) - VIRGINIA - Larval activity
light in lawns at Stuarts Draft, Augusta County. (Woodside).

WINTER GRAIN MITE (Penthaleus major) - TEXAS - Medium to heavy
widespread populations attacking small grain throughout Dallas County.
(Milikien). OKLAHOMA - Found in two of three wheat fields in Ottawa
County and one of four in Craig County. Populations average 7.4 per
linear foot of row in Ottawa and 10.6 in Craig County. (Coppock).

WIREWORMS - UTAH - Considerable area infested south and east of
Vernal. (Clement, Knowlton).

TARNISHED PLANT BUG (Lygus lineolaris) - VIRGINIA - Adults found
in sweepings of a pasture in Montgomery County. (Muka).

SPRINGTAILS - LOUISIANA - Remain very heavy in forage crops over
most of State. (Oliver).

GREEN CLOVERWORM (Plathypena scabra) - LOUISIANA - General and
widespread in forage crops over much of the State but damage not
apparent. (Oliver).

A CLOVER HEAD WEEVIL (Hypera meles) - GEORGIA - Found around
base of crimson clover plants in Putnam County. (Johnson).

SOUTHERN CORN ROOTWORM (Diabrotica undecimpunctata howardi) -
LOUISIANA - Infesting white clover, hairy vetch and burclover and
ranging from 3-20 per 100 sweeps in Acadia Parish, 34 per 100 sweeps
in Iberville Parish, 3-25 per 100 sweeps in East Baton Rouge Parish
and 6-19 per 100 sweeps in East Feliciana Parish. (Oliver).

- 170 -

ARMYWORM (Pseudaletia unipuncta) Situation, February 24, 1956.

“

Light larval populations. Figures = No. moths trapped.

LOUISIANA - Very light populations of armyworm in oats and barley in
East Baton Rouge, Acadia, Iberville, and East Feliciana Parishes.
(Oliver).

PEA APHID (Macrosiphum pisi) - LOUISIANA - Infestations general and
widespread with common and hairy vetch having heaviest populations.
(Oliver).

SPOTTED ALFALFA APHID - NEVADA - Populations in Clark and
southern Nye Counties show increase of 200-300 percent over same
period of 1954. Winged forms from 0-20 percent with heaviest count in
Paradise Valley, south of Las Vegas. Economic populations present in
about 50-60 percent of fields, requiring immediate control. Damage ta
fall plantings estimated at 40 percent of fields destroyed, with some
reduction of stand in old established fields. (Gallaway, Feb. 18).

UTAH - Populations markedly reduced in some southwestern areas since
severe cold weather. (Hughes, Knowlton). TEXAS - Very heavy spotted
infestations in Madison County on alfalfa. Control measures being used
some fields. (Garrett). Increasing in Brazos River bottomland of
Brazos and Burleson Counties and averaging six aphids per terminal.
(Randolph).

CLOVER LEAF WEEVIL (Hypera punctata) - LOUISIANA - Infesting
burclover at 104-150 per 100 sweeps in Iberville Parish, 5-30 per 100
sweeps of spotted burclover and white clover in East Baton Rouge Parish,
12 per 100 sweeps of white clover in Acadia Parish and 3-7 per 100
Sweeps of white clover in Jefferson Davis Parish. (Oliver). GEORGIA -
Larvae attacking crimson clover in small numbers in Putnam County,
Feb. 23. (Johnson).

- 171-

LESSER CLOVER LEAF WEEVIL (Hypera nigrirostris) - GEORGIA -
Found in small numbers at base of crimson clover plants in Putnam
County, Feb. 23. (Johnson).

CILOVER ROOT CURCULIO (Sitona hispidula) - GEORGIA - Twelve
adults found in one-half square foot area in Putnam County, Feb. 238.
(Johnson).

VEGETABLE WEEVIL (Listroderes costirostris obliquus) - LOUISIANA -
Larvae and adults severely damaging sweetclover in local areas with up
to 150 per square yard. (Oliver).

LEAFHOPPERS (Empoasca sp.) - LOUISIANA - Populations in white
clover ranging from 1-13 per 100 sweeps in Jefferson Davis Parish and
2-3 per 100 sweeps in Acadia Parish. Populations in burclover from

60 per 100 sweeps in East Baton Rouge Parish to 209 per 100 sweeps in
Iberville Parish. Infestations in sweetclover from 15 per 100 sweeps in
St. John the Baptist Parish to 125 per 100 sweeps in East Baton Rouge
Parish. (Oliver).

A LEGUME MITE (Petrobia apicalis) - LOUISIANA - Occurring in white
clover in Tangipahoa and Kast Baton Rouge Parishes. (Oliver).

FRUIT INSECTS

FULLER ROSE BEETLE (Pantomorus godmani) - GEORGIA - An adult
along with an adult Diabrotica undecimpunctata howardi was jarred from
a peach tree in Fort Valley, Feb. 20. (Snapp).

WHITE PEACH SCALE (Pseudaulacaspis pentagona) - NORTH CAROLINA -
Moderate infestation in peach orchard in Tyrell County. (Jones).

PURPLE SCALE (Lepidosaphes beckii) - LOUISIANA - Heavy populations
in combination with Metatetranychus Citri infesting untreated citrus in
Plaquemine Parish. (Oliver).

TRUCK CROP INSECTS

CABBAGE APHID (Brevicoryne brassicae) - LOUISIANA - Lightly infest-
ing one cabbage field in Plaquemine Parish and heavily infesting one

field in East Baton Rouge Parish. (Oliver). NORTH CAROLINA -
Broccoli in numerous gardens infested in Cumberland and Robeson Coun-
ties. About 10 percent parasitized. (Farrier). GEORGIA - Moderately
infesting cabbage in Fort Valley, Feb. 21. (Harvey).

CABBAGE LOOPER (Trichoplusia ni) - TEXAS - Populations low at
present, but growers treating cabbage fields in lower Rio Grande Valley.
(Wene, Deer).

SLUGS AND SNAILS - LOUISIANA - Causing considerable injury to
cabbage in Plaquemine Parish. (Oliver).

= 172 -

VEGETABLE WEEVIL (Listroderes costirostris obliquus) - ALABAMA -
Causing considerable damage to turnips in Conecuh County. (Lemons).
FLORIDA - Larvae infesting turnips at Prosperity Community, Holmes
County, Feb. 15 (Russell). GEORGIA - Moderate infestation of larvae
on turnips in Jackson County, Feb. 18. (Johnson). Heavily infesting
tobacco plant bed in Colquitt County, Feb. 14. (Morgan).

A FALSE CHINCH BUG (Nysius sp.) - TEXAS - Large populations in
many lettuce fields and considerable damage occurring to turnip leaves in
lower Rio Grande Valley. (Wene, Deer).

CORN EARWORM (Heliothis zea) - TEXAS - Larvae in destructive num-
bers in lettuce heads in lower Rio Grande Valley. (Wene, Deer).

A CUTWORM (probably Agrotis ypsilon) - ARIZONA - Reported in small
numbers on lettuce at Yuma, Feb. 8, but not causing economic damage.
(Ariz. Coop. Rept. ).

FLEA BEETLES - TEXAS - Causing considerable injury to young tomato
plants in lower Rio Grande Valley. (Wene, Deer).

LESSER CORNSTALK BORER (Elasmopalpus lignosellus) - TEXAS - Up
to three larvae per plant feeding on leaves of small tomato plants in
lower Rio Grande Valley. An unusual host. (Wene, Deer).

COWPEA CURCULIO (Chalcodermus aeneus) - FLORIDA - Larvae
emerging from dry peas in the fields killed by freezes in January.
(Genung).

DARKLING BEETLES - TEXAS - Causing considerable damage in many
cantaloupe fields of lower Rio Grande Valley. (Wene, Deer).

BLACK CUTWORM (Agrotis ypsilon) - LOUISIANA - Infesting straw-
berries at one per 10 plants in Tangipahoa Parish. Controls applied in
many fields. (Oliver).

SPIDER MITES - LOUISIANA - Infestations of Tetranychus desertorum,
T. telarius and Tetranychus sp. requiring control in some fields of
strawberries in Tangipahoa Parish. (Oliver).

COTTON INSECTS

Counties compared with rate of January 31, but less than in 1955. At
the close of the period bollworms were found at the rate of 2.29 per 100
bolls of debris inspected with the rate of 5. 64 live pink bollworms per
acre compared with 2.58 per 100 bolls and 8.6 per acre in 1955. Some
decrease was found in San Patricio and Nueces Counties but survival rate

is still about the rate of 1955. February 15, the rate was 27.5 larvae

N73 2

per 100 bolls of'debris or an average of 173.8 per acre. A heavy increase
was found in Bee and Live Oak Counties compared with previous year.
Survival rate showed 56.2 per 100 bolls of debris or an average of 636.8
per acre compared with 5.7 and 46.2 for 1955. (Pink Bollworm Cont.
PTO):

FOREST, ORNAMENTAL AND SHADE TREE INSECTS

AN APHID (Cinara tujafilina) - MISSISSIPPI - Severe damage to arborvi-
tae in Lowndes County. (Hammer).

APHIDS - ALABAMA - Infestation of Cinara sp. attacking pine seedlings
at State tree nursery in Escambia County. (Lemons).

BAGWORM (Thyridopteryx ephemeraeformis) - MISSISSIPPI - Eggs
hatching on cedar trees in eastern Oktibbeha County. (Hunsucker).

INSECTS AFFECTING MAN AND ANIMALS

MOSQUITOES - LOUISIANA - Populations of Aedes sp. and Anopheles sp.
heavy in Plaquemine Parish with an average of ten adults visiting in a one
minute period. Lighter populations in Tangipahoa and St. John the
Baptist Parishes with 1-3 visits per minute. (Oliver). NORTH
CAROLINA - Anopheles punctipennis biting man in Wake County and in
coastal areas. First report of season. (Jones).

CATTLE GRUBS - UTAH - Appeared in backs of cattle in December but
are not heavily infested in Weber County. (Burningham). OKLAHOMA -
Counts in southern Osage County on 40 yearling steers averaged 2.5 per
animal. Counts on 30 cows were 1.8 per animal. (Howell). MISSIS-
SIPPI - Approximately 11 larvae of Hypoderma lineatum per animal ina
survey of cattle. (Neel).

HOUSE FLIES - ARIZONA - Flies, maiftly Musca domestica population
indices of two small towns in Maricopa and Pinal Counties average of
five highest grill counts in nine blocks for week of February 19-25: 13.6.
(Ariz. Coop. Rept. ).

CATTLE LICE - UTAH - Controlled on about one-third of cattle in Juab
County during a warm spell in January. (Burtenshaw, Knowlton). About
normal in numbers in Iron County, without much recent control.
(Sjoblom). Generally very abundant on unsprayed cattle in Kane County.
About 50 percent of cattle have been treated during fall and winter.
(Rose, Knowlton). Cattle only moderately infested in Weber County.
(Burningham, Knowlton).

SZ
BENEFICIAL INSECTS

HONEY BEE (Apis mellifera) - OKLAHOMA - Began storing first pollen
in north central area, Feb. 19-25. (Bieberdorf).

STORED PRODUCT INSECTS

POTATO TUBERWORM (Gnorimoschema operculella) - DELAWARE -
Damage reported from Harbeson, February 16. (Stearns).

MISCELLANEOUS INSECTS

BOXELDER BUG (Leptocoris trivittatus) - VIRGINIA - Emerging from
hibernation in Buckingham County (Morris, Ellis) and in Montgomery
County (Rowell).

SALT-MARCH CATERPILLAR (Estigmene acrea) - FLORIDA - Adult
collected at light trap at Gainesville, Alachua County. (Det. L. A.
Hetrick). (Denmark).

TEXAS (College Station, 2/18-24/56): Pseudaletia unipuncta, 53;
Prodenia ornithogalli, 111; Peridroma margaritosa, 9; Agrotis ypsilon, 4;
Feltia subterranea, 12; Heliothis zea, 1; Agrotis malefida, 13.
(Weslaco, 2/1-15/56): P. unipuncta, 96; P. ornithogalli, 122; P.
margaritosa, 34; Laphygma frugiperda, 3; A. ypsilon, 49; F. subter-
ranea 8; A. malefida, 150; Estigmene acrea, 118; Heliothis zea, 67.
Winter Haven, 2/1-15/56): P. unipuncta, 30; P. ornithogalli, 52;
P. margaritosa, 15; A. ypsilon, 1; F. subterranea, 17; A. malefida, 96;
He Zeer LOUISIANA (Baton Rouge, 2718-24/56): AS ypsilonteor
F. subterranea, 72; P. ornithogalli, 4; P. unipuncta, 7. (Tallulah,
a) Uae BGs three traps): A. malefida, 5; A. ypsilon, 42; F. subterranea,
14;P. margaritosa, 20; P. ornithogalli, 57; P. unipuncta, 08; Kuetheola
es 1. MISSISSIPPI (State College, 2 /T8-34 756) P. unipuncta, 4;
P. ornithogalli, 1;-P. margaritosa, i ALABAMA eo aye 19-25/56):
Laphyqma frugiperda, 1. FLORIDA (Gainesville, 1/11-2/9/56): A.

silon SE wsubterranea, 2: Prodemarsp. vila (Homestead,
O-3711 88): Enjacreaw|; Prodeniasp.. 3. \(Samtords 1/6/56) ue
subterranea, 1. (Monticello, 1/4-31/56): F. subterranea, 16.
GEORGIA (Tift County, 2/11-17/56): BP. unipuncta, 9; F. subterranea, 19;
A. malefida, 7; A. ypsilon, 2; P. ornithogalli, 6; (Spalding County,
2/11-17/56): BP. ornithogalli, 1. SOUTH CAROLINA (Charleston
2/6-12/56): PB. unipuncta, 12; P. ornithogalli, 1; F. subterranea, 37;
A. yosilon, 23; A) mailetida, 3P.Wmargaritosa, ae

- 175 -

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- 178 -
SUMMARY OF INSECT CONDITIONS - 1955
KANSAS
Reported by D. L. Matthew and D. E. Gates

Cereal and Forage Insects

SPOTTED ALFALFA APHID was found for the first time on alfalfa in
Kansas during the first week of April, 1955, in Sumner and Meade Coun-
ties. By the last of June, these aphids were found in nearly all counties
of the southern half of the State, and were later found over the whole State.
Economic damage occurred primarily in central, south central, and
southwestern counties. Freezing temperatures of December greatly re-
duced aphid populations. YELLOW CLOVER APHID (Pterocallidium
trifolii) was found on red clover in non-economic numbers in ten north-
eastern counties. A SWEETCLOVER APHID (Myzocallidium riehmi)
infestation was non-economic and was found throughout the State wherever
sweetclover was grown. PEA APHID (Macrosiphum pisi) was much
lighter than in 1954. Infestations in 1955 began in noticeable numbers in
alfalfa fields of southeastern counties the first week of April and con-
tinued abnormally long, until early summer. GARDEN WEBWORM
(Loxostege Similalis) developed to destructive numbers in a few fields of
southeastern counties but populations were lower and less widespread than
in 1954. TARNISHED PLANT BUG (Lyqus lineolaris) and RAPID PLANT
BUG (Adelphocoris rapidus) were common in most alfalfa fields throughout
the State. Light infestations of ALFALFA PLANT BUG (Adelphocoris
lineolatus) were found in most alfalfa fields of northern and northeast
areas. ARMY CUTWORM (Chorizagrotis auxiliaris) was less abundant, in
1955 than the previous year. Heaviest infestations occurred in alfalfa in
fields of central and north central areas.

ARMY WORM (Pseudaletia unipuncta) did not present the serious outbreak
in 1955 that had occurred the previous year. Crop losses in 1955, mostly
in east central and southeastern counties were estimated at $172,000 or
about one-tenth that of 1954. CHINCH BUG (Blissus leucopterus) infes-
tations were more prevalent in 1955 than in the two previous years.
Weather favorable for chinch bug activity plus increased acreages of
sorghums and winter barley were largely responsible. The 1955 outbreak
was more widespread and of greater intensity than had been expected.
Greatest losses came from reduced stands of sorghums and from decreased
yields of both corn and grain sorghums. Heaviest infestations were found
in central and east central counties. Chinch bug caused an estimated

$2, 000, 000 loss during 1955. GRASSHOPPER (Melanoplus differentialis,
M. bivittatus, M. mexicanus, and M. femur -rubrum) populations
developed much as predicted by the 1954 adult and egg pod surveys.
Although spring nymph counts were high in the eastern third of the State,
ultimate damage was less than expected. Infestations were heavier and
more widespread than expected in central and western counties where
moderate to severe damage occurred. Some spraying just before wheat
harvest was necessary in western Kansas to prevent chewing-off of the
ripening heads. Threatening to severe populations of range-feeding

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grasshoppers caused damage to several thousand acres of rangeland in
the southern tier of southwestern counties. Fall corn borer survey
showed very few SOUTHWESTERN CORN BORER (Zeadiatraea
grandiosella) in the northern half of the State. During the spring, high
winter mortality occurred in central, north central, and east central
counties. Highest populations were found in south central areas of the
State. No new distribution was recorded in Kansas during 1955. First
seasonal flights of CORN EARWORM (Heliothis zea) moths were re-
corded in mid-May, 1955, and a general statewide infestation was in
progress by late June. Infestations were not as heavy as in 1954 and
damage was much less severe. Little destruction of sorghum heads was
observed. Heaviest infestations were found in corn fields of central,
northeast, and east central counties. CORN ROOTWORMS (Diabrotica
spp. ) were considerably lower than the two previous years and were
considered of little economic importance. During early summer, moder-
ate to severe infestations of CORN LEAF APHID (Rhopalosiphum maidis)
were prevalent in milo fields in central and southwestern counties.
Populations remained unchanged on field corn in northeastern corn belt
counties of the State. GREENBUG (Toxoptera graminum) was not of
economic importance during 1955. ENGLISH GRAIN APHID (Macro-
siphum granarium) was light with only a slight buildup in a few fields of
wheat in east central area. HESSIAN FLY (Phytophaga destructor)
continued at non-economic levels.

FALL ARMYWORM (Laphygma frugiperda) appeared in most areas of the
eastern half of the State by mid-July. Light to moderate infestations
were present and caused feeding damage and corn ear-drop in localized
areas of northeastern counties. Statewide loss was less severe than in
1954. BILLBUGS (Calendra spp. ) were again destructive to corn
planted in reclaimed river bottom land along the Missouri River in
Doniphan and Wyandotte Counties. WHITE GRUBS (Cyclocephala
immaculata and Phyllophaga spp.) were not a statewide problem. FALSE
WIRE WORMS (Eleodes spp. ) have begun to build up over the western

half of the State. With continued drought, they are expected to increase
and may offer a major threat to milo and wheat in coming years. WHEAT
CURL MITE (Aceria tulipae) populations were much lower than in 1954.
Light to severe infestations of BROWN WHEAT MITE (Petrobia latens)
caused apparent damage to wheat grown in south central and south-
western counties. WINTER GRAIN MITE (Penthaleus major) occurred
in light to severe numbers in localized areas in southeastern Kansas.
Damage occurred to wheat in Montgomery, Labette, Cherokee, Neosho,
Wilson, and Crawford Counties. EUROPEAN CORN BORER (Pyrausta
nubilalis) populations averaged about the same as 1954; however, fewer
overwintering larvae were found during the fall survey. Actual crop loss
from borer activity was less than that of 1954. Heaviest populations
were found in Doniphan and Atchison Counties in the northeastern corner
of the State. Infestations continue in the Kansas River Valley and in
northeastern corn belt counties. WHEAT HEAD ARMYWORM (Faronta
diffusa) appeared in economic numbers for the first time in several
years. Larval feeding activity reduced wheat yields in several areas in
central, south central, and southwestern counties. (Injury described
under Stored Grain Insects).

- 180 -

Truck Crop Insects
BEET LEAFHOPPER (Circulifer tenellus) was of little economic impor-
tance to beet crops of southwestern area.

Shade Tree and Ornamental Tree Insects

SMALLER EUROPEAN ELM BARK BEETLE (Scolytus multistriatus) was
found in greater abundance in eastern Kansas than in previous years.
Distribution now extends as far west as Norton County, northern tier of
counties, and Pawnee County, and south central area. BAGWORM
(Thyridopteryx ephemeraeformis) increased in northeast Kansas over
previous years. APHIDS (various species) were extremely numerous on
shade trees throughout the State. Light to heavy infestations of GREEN-
STRIPED MAPLEWORM (Anisota rubicunda) was common on soft maples
in localized areas of east central and northeast Kansas. GRASSHOPPERS
(several species) and TWO-SPOTTED SPIDER MITE (Tetranychus
telarius) continued to be the most destructive species in nurseries.
EUROPEAN ELM SCALE (Gossyparia spuria) was prevalent in several
areas of the western half of the State. Heaviest and most difficult infesta-
tions to control were reported from northwest, west central, and
southwest counties. A slight buildup of a juniper MEALY BUG (Pseudo-
coccus juniperi) was reported in localized areas of southeast Kansas.
Light to medium infestations of SPRING CANKERWORM (Paleacrita
vernata) were found in localized areas in Allen, Lyon, and Sedgwick
Counties.

Stored Grain Insects

In 1955, as in 1954, DERMESTIDS were abundant in grain stored on farms
and in elevators. The species appeared to be chiefly Trogoderma boron
and T. versicolor. Infestations of dermestids were particularly abundant
in those parts of the State where the moisture content of the grain was low.
GRANARY and RICE WEEVILS (Sitophilus granarius and 8S. oryza) were
plentiful in the southeastern part of the State where grain moisture was
high. LESSER GRAIN BORER (Rhyzopertha dominica) was more preval-
ent in the drier wheat. CADELLE, FLAT GRAIN BEETLE, FLOUR
BEETLES, and SAW-TOOTHED GRAIN BEETLE were generally present,
but not above average in numbers. INDIAN-MEAL MOTH populations in
surface grain continued high. At harvest time, much grain coming from
the field appeared to have been infested by grain-infesting insects.
Kernels had been gnawed and there were many holes superficially resem-
bling weevil emergence holes. Many grain handlers believed this resulted
from field infestations of weevils; however, the damage was caused by
small WHEAT HEAD ARMYWORM larvae which attacked the kernels in
the milk stage. KHAPRA BEETLE (Trogoderma granarium) has not been
found in Kansas.

Insects Affecting Man and Animal
By January, 1955, CATTLE GRUBS (Hypoderma spp. ) were easily found

in the backs of most cattle throughout the State. Some counties reported
the heaviest infestation in several years. HORSE FLY (Tabanus spp. )
populations remained comparatively low during 1955 and showed no in-
crease over the previous year. CATTLE LICE (various species), while

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abundant in a few counties, showed no appreciable increase over previous
years. HORN FLY (Siphona irritans) and STABLE FLY (Stomoxys
calcitrans) were more numerous than the preceeding year while HOUSE
FLY (Musca domestica) remained about the same.

Household Insects

CRICKETS (Acheta spp.), BOXELDER BUG (Leptocoris trivittatus), and
CLOVER MITE (Bryobia praetiosa) were the most commonly-reported
household pests. CICADA KILLER (Sphecius speciosus) was numerous

in towns of central Kansas. Many complaints were received on this
insect. BLACK WIDOW SPIDER was more numerous than in 1954.

Light ‘Traps
Five insect light traps (black light bulbs) were installed in various local-

ities in June, 1955, to determine moth flights as part of the state-federal
cooperative insect study for the possible prediction of insect outbreaks.
Traps were located in Finney, Ellis, Riley, Douglas, and Doniphan Coun-
eS):

COOPERATORS: The following entomologists made contributions during
the reporting season: R. E. Beer, J. E. Brady, C. C. Burkhardt,

ime ceCalikins sla DePew) Hnwleneshbaughy (>) hnGates, ade Te.) Har—
VeVveeeKnutsony Heed. ones, Pa Hy Marvins ih.) Hy Rainer W..JH-
Somsen, and D. A. Wilbur.

SUMMARY OF INSECT CONDITIONS - 1955
WEST VIRGINIA

Reported by; C. K. Dorsey
Hii aansen

Cereal and Forage Insects
MEADOW SPITTLEBUG (Philaenus leucophthalmus) occurred in moderate

abundance throughout the State. Adult survey in the fall indicated spring
populations will be heaviest in the northern third of the State. ALFALFA
WEEVIL (Hypera postica) distribution was restricted to the eastern
panhandle area with some locally damaging populations present in Jef-
ferson County. It was also observed in Berkeley, Mineral and Hardy
Counties. CLOVER LEAF WEEVIL (Hypera punctata) caused minor
feeding injury in most areas. Hypera meles was also present but not of
apparent importance. LESSER CLOVER LEAF WEEVIL (Hypera
nigrirostris) populations were low but widespread. CLOVER ROOT
URCULIO (Sitona hispidula) was present in every area of the State with
destructive larval feeding in localized sites. CLOVER ROOT BORER
(Hylastinus obscurus) was most abundant in the counties of the northern

panhandle. IMBRICATED SNOUT BEETLE (Epicaerus imbricatus) was

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occasionally found in legume fields in the vicinity of apple orchards. PEA
APHID (Macrosiphum pisi) became abundant in May in the eastern pan-
handle area. The YELLOW CLOVER APHID (Pterocallidium trifolii)

was present on red clover throughout the season in most areas. Only
small populations were found. BLISTER BEETLE populations in alfalfa
were generally low. No serious outbreaks of any LEPIDOPTERA
occurred on alfalfa or clover during the year. LEAFHOPPER populations
became high in the late summer. Their effects were most noticeable
along the river on the western border of the State. CLOVER SEED
CHALCID (Bruchophagus gibbus) was found in every area of the State with
the northern area receiving moderate red clover seed losses. JAPANESE
BEETLE (Popillia japonica) damage to corn silks and ears was most
severe in the Phillipi area of Barbour County. CORN EARWORM
(Heliothis zea) populations were low in most areas. KUROPEAN CORN
BORER (Pyrausta nubilalis) populations increased over those of the pre-
ceeding year. Heaviest injury was observed in the northern part of the
State.

Fruit Insects

EUROPEAN RED MITE (Metatetranychus ulmi) over-all seasonal damage
was moderate, but red mite populations persisted through the season
from May to October. Tetranychus mites were absent. A LEAF MINER
(Callisto geminatella) early seasonal infestations were numerous and
heavy. Late generation miners were negligible in numbers. RED-
BANDED LEAF ROLLER (Argyrotaenia velutinana) caused substantial
injury to apples from the late season generation of larvae that occurred
through September. CODLING MOTH (Carpocapsa pomonella) injury
percentages to apples going through local processing plants averaged
about 1.3 percent according to figures from processors. ‘This figure is
less than one-half the amount of injury from codling moth seen at the
close of the 1954 season. Many growers, however, believe that codling
moth control was more difficult than in 1954. APPLE MAGGOT (Rhagoletis
pomonella) has been known to exist in the area for a number of years,
but has caused little or no commercial damage until rather recently.

In 1955, the infestations were localized and apparently more severe on
the earlier varieties. Over-all injury to apples from the orchard-
infesting APHIDS was considerable. The damage was primarily from the
ROSY APPLE APHID (Anuraphis roseus) and from APPLE APHID
(Aphis pomi). PLUM CURCULIO (Conotrachelus nenuphar) damage was
comparatively light on both apples and peaches.

Truck Crop Insects
SPOTTED CUCUMBER BEETLE (Diabrotica undecimpunctata howardi)

and STRIPED CUCUMBER BEETLE (Acalymma vittata) infestations were
moderate to light. POTATO FLEA BEETLE (Epitrix cucumeris)
numbers were moderate to heavy on potatoes and tomatoes. COLORADO
POTATO BEETLE (Leptinotarsa decemlineata) was present in light
infestations. Light to moderate numbers of MEXICAN BEAN BEETLE
(Epilachna varivestis) were present with some heavy infestations in
scattered localities. IMPORTED CABBAGE WORM (Pieris rapae) was

moderate to heavy. CABBAGE LOOPER (Trichoplusia ni) was present in

- 183 -

moderate numbers. Light infestations of CABBAGE APHID (Brevicoryne
brassicae) occurred in limited distribution. POTATO LEAFHOPPER
(Empoasca fabae) infestations were light in general. CORN EARWORM
and FUROPEAN CORN BORER occurred in light to moderate populations,
heavy in some localities. GARDEN SLUGS caused some damage in
several areas.

small Fruit Insects

MEADOW SPITTLEBUG infestations on strawberry were light. A
STRAWBERRY FLEA BEETLE (Altica sp.) was present on strawberry
foliage and numerous on grape, causing some damage. Light to moderate
infestations of ROSE CHAFER (Macrodactylus subspinosus) were present
on strawberry, grape and red raspberry. Moderate infestations of
GRAPE FLEA BEETLE (Altica chalybea) caused damage to grapes. TWO-
SPOTTED SPIDER MITE (Tetranychus telarius) infestations on strawberry
were light. GRAPE COLASPIS (Colaspis sp. ) adults caused some damage
to grape and red raspberry foliage. FLOWER THRIPS (Frankliniella
tritici) populations were moderate to heavy on red raspberry fruit in
certain localities. RASPBERRY CANE BORER (Oberea bimaculata)
infestations were light to moderate in scattered localities and caused some
damage. A GRAPE LEAFHOPPER (Erythroneura sp.) was scarce on
grape generally. JAPANESE BEETLE (Popillia japonica) infestations
were light to moderate and caused damage to grape foliage. BUMBLE
FLOWER BEETLE (Euphoria inda) was observed in small numbers on
grapes. Light infestations of STRAWBERRY APHID (Pentatrichopus
fragaefolii) were present in scattered localities on strawberries.

Ornamental Insects

BAGWORM (Thyridopteryx ephemeraeformis) populations in general were
light. JAPANESE BEETLE caused light to moderate damage to rose
plants in limited localities. In general, adult beetles were most abundant
in northcentral and northwestern areas. New infestations were found in
Calhoun, Gilmer, Roane and Lewis Counties. Heavy infestations were
present in the northern part of Upshur and the southern part of Barbour
Counties. Light infestations of _RHODODENDRON LACE BUG
(Stephanitis rhododendri) and SYCAMORE LACE BUG (Corythucha ciliata)
were present and caused some damage. An ant (as yet undetermined)

fed on the cambium of yew, in one locality, and caused the limbs distad
of the feeding site to die. The ROSE APHID (Macrosiphum rosae) was
present in light to moderate infestations in early Spring on roses.
SPRING CANKERWORM (Paleacrita vernata) and FALL CANKERWORM
(Alsophila pometaria) caused some damage to foliage of shade trees in
various regions of the State, but the fall cankerworm was the more ser-
ious pest this year. The JUNIPER WEBWORM (Dichomeris marginella)
was abundant in Some areas.

Forest Tree Insects

There was an epidemic of defoliating caterpillars during June and July
in approximately 33 percent of the counties in the State. The outbreaks
were somewhat localized with the exception of one which extended for

- 184 -

about 25 miles along a mountain ridge; this infestation varied in width
from 1/4 to 3/4 mile. The limits of this particular area could be deter-
mined from a distance of two miles. GROUND BEETLES (Calosoma
scrutator and C. calidum) adults and larvae were present in great
numbers feeding on the caterpillars and pupae. SCORPION FLIES
(Panorpa sp.) were numerous and predaceous pentatomids were observed
to feed on caterpillars. Hymenopterous and dipterous parasites were
observed and parasitic nematodes emerged from caterpillars placed in
rearing containers. The greatest damage, in general, occurred in
Barbour, Preston, Fayette, Nicholas, Greenbrier and Raleigh Counties
where defoliation ranged from 75 to 100 percent in the host plants. ‘The
FALL CANKERWORM (Alsophila pometaria) caused the most damage with
another geometrid (Phigalia titea) feeding almost as heavily. There were
two additional geometrids (Abbottana clemataria) and (Ectropis crepus-
cularia) and two unidentified species feeding on broad-leafed trees.

The LINDEN LOOPER (Erannis tiliaria) fed upon basswood, but a
notodontid (Ellida caniplaga) was present in greater numbers and caused
more damage to this host. The geometrids fed quite generally on hard
maple, azalea, huckleberry, oaks, sourwood, red maple, sassafras,
mountain laurel, white ash, gum, black cherry, dogwood, blackberry and
various Shrubs. In Greenbrier and Fayette Counties some of the areas
suffering defoliation in 1955 had been defoliated to a lesser degree in
1954. In 1955, in one 200-acre forest area hundreds of young oaks died.
A SPHINX MOTH (Deidamia inscriptum) was present in numbers
sufficient to defoliate wild grape in widely scattered areas in the State.

A GREEN FRUITWORM (Lithophane sp. ) was present in several of the
infested areas feeding on a variety of broad-leafed woody plants. An
outbreak of FRUITWORMS (Grapholitha sp.) in Kanawha County in the
vicinity of Charleston defoliated oak, hickory, redbud, rhododendron,
azalea, mountain laurel, dogwood, mulberry, boxelder, Althea, elm, ash,
Forsythia and beech. Some similar damage by this species also occurred
in Randolph County near Elkins.

Several infestations of NANTUCKET PINE MOTH (Rhyacionia
frustrana) were reported as causing damage in Cabell and Nicholas Coun-
ties to Scotch and red pine plantations. EUROPEAN PINE SHOOT MOTH
(Rhyacionia buoliana) infestations caused damage in Ohio and Monongalia
Counties. The EASTERN TENT CATERPILLAR (Malacosoma ameri-
canum) and the FOREST TENT CATERPILLAR (M. disstria) were
prevalent in the State in 1955 and populations were heavy in Seven counties
causing considerable damage. The ELM LEAF BEETLE (Galerucella
xanthomelaena) severely defoliated elms in scattered areas in the State.
ASIATIC OAK WEEVIL (Cyrtepistomus castaneus) was present and

active again in the vicinity of Charleston, Kanawha County. BAGWORM
(Thyridopteryx ephemeraeformis) infestations were light on forest trees,
generally. Black locusts suffered severely in many areas from attacks
by LOCUST LEAF MINER (Chalepus dorsalis).

Insects Affecting Man and Animals
CATTLE GRUBS (Hypoderma spp.) were reported by livestock producers
as the most troublesome pest during the year. HOUSE FLY (Musca

- 185 -

domestica) abundance was normal in most areas of the State. An out-
break of A BITING GNAT occurred in the Fayette-Raleigh County areas
in June. It caused serious annoyance to people in the evenings.
MOSQUITO populations in general were extremely light.

stored Products Pests

A FUNGUS BEETLE (Alphitobius piceus) developed into a serious pest in
grain which was stored in a moist bin in Preston County. CIGARETTE
BEETLE (Lasioderma serricorne) required control measures in
herbaria and dried fungus specimens at Morgantown. Cigar stocks in
local stores also suffered damage. No serious infestations of stored
grain pests were reported during the year though a normal number of
inquiries were received pertaining to control of scattered infestations of
ANGOUMOIS GRAIN MOTH (Sitotroga cerealella), CONFUSED FLOUR
BEETLE (Tribolium confusum), SAW-TOOTHED GRAIN BEETLE
(Oryzaephilus surinamensis) and PEA WEEVIL (Bruchus pisorum).

Household Pests

A normal number of inquiries were received regarding fall invasion of
homes by BOXELDER BUG (Leptocoris trivittatus), STRAWBERRY ROOT
WEEVIL (Brachyrhinus ovatus) and the CLOVER MITE (Bryobia
praetiosa). Carpet beetles, clothes moths, cigarette beetles, psocids,
Silverfish, cockroaches, centipedes, millipedes, termites and powder-
post beetles caused concern in about normal proportions. Many

inquiries were received regarding BLACK WIDOW SPIDER which was
unusually abundant during the year.

FE AE A AK OE OK KK A OK KS KE A A 2 2K 2K 2K 2K OK OK ok ok

CORRECTION

Summary of Insect Conditions, Idaho, 1955. CEIR 6(5):81 under Fruit
Insects, Sinuate Pear Tree Borer (Agrilus sinuatus) should read
Peach Tree Borer (Sanninoidea exitiosa). (Gittins).

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AGRICULTURAL RESEARCH SERVICE

PLANT PEST CONTROL BRANCH

ECONOMIC INSECT SURVEY SECTION

The Cooperative Economic Insect Report is
Issued weekly as a service to American Agri-
culture. Its contentsare compiled from informa-
tion supplied by cooperating State, Federal, and
industrial entomologists and other agricultural
workers. In releasing this material the Branch
serves as a clearing house and does not assume

responsibility for accuracy of the material.

Reports and inquiries pertaining to this release
should be mailed to:

Economic Insect Survey Section
Plant Pest Control Branch
Agricultural Research Service
United States Department of Agriculture
Washington 25, D. C.

Volume 6 March 9, 1956 No. 10
COOPERALIV bit CON©OMICeINS Ei Cirle EP OR:
Highlights of Insect Conditions

Estimates of damage by the EUROPEAN CORN BORER to grain corn in
Oboes. 120):

GREENBUG light to heavy in scattered counties of Texas, causing some
damage in areas of Oklahoma and Arkansas and light in three Louisiana
paGisheseus (psnlco):

BROWN WHEAT MITE widespread in northwestern Oklahoma and
increasing in fall-planted wheat in southwestern Kansas. (p. 189).

LEAFHOPPER infestation in legumes statewide in Louisiana. (p. 193).
FRUIT INSECT outlook in Virginia. (p. 194).

VEGETABLE WEEVIL general in tobacco plant bed area a o Damaging
crucifers in some areas of Mississippi and Arkansas. (p. 196).

CATTLE LICE of concern in southwestern North Dakota and northern
Virginia. Controls applied in southern Utah. (p. 197).

FOREST INSECT conditions in 1955. (p. 201).

BERRA KR KKK

Reports in this issue are for the week ending March 2, 1956, unless
otherwise designated.

- 188 -
WEATHER BUREAU'S 30-DAY OUTLOOK
March 1956

The Weather Bureau's 30-day outlook for March calls for temperatures
to average below normal west of the Continental Divide and near normal
in the northern border states. In the remainder of the nation above
normal temperatures are indicated, with greatest departures in the
Lower Mississippi Valley. Precipitation is expected to be subnormal in
the Southwest, Southern Plains, South Atlantic States, and New England.
Greater than normal amounts are predicted for the Ohio and Mississippi
Valleys and the Pacific Northwest, with near normal elsewhere.

This report released by the Weather Bureau on March 2, 1956.

Weather forecast given here is based on the official 30-day "Resume

and Outlook", published twice a month by the Weather Bureau. You

can subscribe through Superintendent of Documents, Washington Za ID}s (Cie
Price $4. 80 a year, $2. 40 for six months.

WEATHER FOR THE WEEK ENDING MARCH 5, 1956

Milder weather covered most of the country the past week although there
were short periods of return to winter. The lowest temperature
reported was -31° at Danbury, Wisconsin, on the 27th and light frosts
reached into northern Florida and Arizona. Maple sugaring-the harbinger
of spring-is starting as far north as southern Michigan, New York State
and New England. Fruit trees are blooming as far north as South
Carolina, northern Mississippi, and Arkansas, with some anxiety and
apprehension when reminded of the severe freeze which occurred last
March 19. On Wednesday, the ice broke on the upper Cheyenne River

in South Dakota. The area of above normal temperatures east of the
Continental Divide, Similar to the pattern last week, showed temperatures
as much as 9~ above normal. Greatest negative departures were in
central California and eastern South Dakota with -3~. New high
temperatures were established in the lower Missouri and Ohio Valleys.
Precipitation continues to fall in the far Northwest with coastal areas

of Washington and Oregon reporting 2 to 5 inches with lesser amounts

in the inland valleys. Snow depths in the Cascades increased and now
exceed previous records in some localities. Mt. Baker Lodge reports
434 inches, Crater Lake 200 inches, and Bald Mountain, Idaho, 96
inches. One to two inches of rainfall in the Southeast from Louisiana to
North Carolina resulted in excessively wet soils that hampered early
Spring field work. No precipitation of consequence fell in Arizona, New
Mexico, or the High Plains area extending the period of water shortage.
Local wind damage was reported on the 28th and 29th from light blowing
sand and dust in these areas. Precipitation is badly needed in the area
west of a line from Chicago to Fort Worth. Wind damage other than
blowing dust was reported on the 2nd from the State of Washington, where
speeds reached 70 to 90 m.p.h., the northern High Plains on the 3rd,

(Weather continued on p. 195).

- 189 -
CEREAL AND FORAGE INSECTS

ARMY CUTWORM (Chorizagrotis auxiliaris) - OKLAHOMA - A check of
57 fields of small grain in northwestern and panhandle counties showed
infestations in 8 of 10 counties checked. Highest populations in these
counties: Major, 1.8 larvae per square foot; Alfalfa, 1.4; Kingfisher,
0.8; Woods,0.9 per square foot. Heavy damage in two fields in Major
County, slight damage in isolated fields in Kingfisher, Alfalfa and Woods
Counties. (Coppock). Light, spotted infestations in small grains in
Kiowa County. (Hudson). Counts in five fields in Blaine County averaged
two per linear foot of row; in Major County, six fields averaged three per
linear foot of row. (Owen).

CUTWORMS - TEXAS - Light local infestation on barley in Van Zandt

and Kaufman Counties. One cutworm per 10 to 15 plants. (Hawkins).
MARYLAND - Immature larvae occurring in an alfalfa field. (U. Md. Ent.
Dept. ).

GREENBUG (Toxoptera graminum) - TEXAS - Light to medium infesta-
tions on wheat in Castro, Hale and Floyd Counties. One field in Castro
County has 75 to 125 bugs per foot. (Daniels). Heavy infestations on
oats in Madison County. (Garrett). OKLAHOMA - Reported in damaging
numbers in Grady County near Chickasha. Small numbers in Canadian
County. (Stiles). Very few in small grains in Kiowa County. (Hudson).
LOUISIANA - Light infestations in oats and barley in Rapides,
Natchitoches and Bossier Parishes. (Oliver). *

BROWN WHEAT MITE (Petrobia latens) - OKLAHOMA - Occurring in all
northwestern and panhandle counties with Texas County reporting highest
populations. Counts of 200 and more mites per linear foot of row common
in that county. (Coppock). Some spraying in Altus area. (Flora).
KANSAS - A survey of southwestern area showed an increase in popula-
tions in fall-planted wheat, especially in continuous fields. Heaviest
populations occurred in Meade, Seward and Stevens Counties. Counts in
many fields in this area averaged between 50 and 75 mites per linear foot
of row. About two-thirds were immature, with very few eggs noted,
indicating peak abundance has not occurred. (DePew).

CORN FLEA BEETLE (Chaetocnema pulicaria) - TEXAS - Heavy local
infestations on corn in Jim Wells County. Destroyed several fields of
seedling corn. (Brandes).

SOUTHWESTERN CORN BORER (Zeadiatraea grandiosella) - OKLAHOMA
Overwintered larvae in Major and Woodward Counties not numerous but in
healthy condition. A few present in all corn fields of area. (Arbuthnot).

A WHITE GRUB (Phyllophaga pleroma) - TEXAS - Heavy local infestation
on mesquite grass in San Patricio County. Destroyed about 500 acres of
range grass. (Pawlik).

*Spotted infestations causing damage in small grains in Miller and
Lafayette Counties. (Warren).

- 190 -

Estimates of Damage by the European Corn Borer
to Grain Corn in the United States in 1955

Compiled by L. G. K. Iverson

The loss to corn grown for grain resulting from damage attributed to the European corn
borer (Pyrausta nubilalis) in 1955 is estimated to be slightly over 155 million bushels.
This is approximately 5 percent of the total national crop estimated at 2, 856, 767, O00
bushels. 1/ The value of the crop lost when computed at the December 15; 1955, price
level 2/ received by farmers is $182, 581,000. The estimates were compiled from
959 counties in 23 States responsible for 83 percent of the total production of grain corn
grown in the United States. They represent 59 percent of the counties known to be
infested.

Estimates of loss in bushels and dollars by States are shown in Table 1. These esti-
mates except those noted were prepared by using production data 1/ and prices received
2/ released by the Agricultural Marketing Service. In those instances where county or
district production data were not available it was necessary to compute production for
these units. This was accomplished by using percentages of total State production as
established from production reports of recent years.

The basis for the loss estimates has been determined from fall abundance surveys of
borer populations made by State agencies in 700 counties in 23 States 3/, The estimates
include 259 more counties than surveyed. The additional counties were within district
surveys. The index of 3 percent loss per borer was used generally in computing losses.
In some instances losses were adjusted downward where significant numbers of imma-
ture larvae were recorded.

Losses attributed to the European corn borer in the last seven years estimated in
bushels and dollars are as follows:

1955 155, 355, 000 bushels $182, 579, 000
1954 191, 614, 000 261, 415, 000
1953 90,000,000 " 125, 466, 000
1952 53,270,000 " 77, 205, 000
1951 35,812,000 " 57, 438, 000
1950 58,765,000" 84,912, 000
1949 313,819,000 " 349, 635, 000

17 Crop Production, 1955 Annual Summary Crop Reporting Board, Agricultural Marketing

Service, December 19, 1955.

2/ Agricultural Prices, Crop Reporting Board, Agricultural Marketing Service,
December 30, 1955.

8/ Status of the European Corn Borer in 1955. L. G. K. Iverson and C. W. Shockley.
Cooperative Economic Insect Report. Vol. 5, No. 52, Plant Pest Control Branch, Agri-
cultural Research Service, December 30, 1955.

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- 192 -

ARMY WORM (Pseudaletia unipuncta)

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LOUISIANA - Infesting an oat field in Rapides Parish at four per 100

sweeps. A previously-infested oat field in Bossier Parish having 2-15
per square yard now has O-1 per 100 sweeps. (Oliver). ARKANSAS -
Fourth instar larvae on wild grasses in Washington County. (Warren).

SPOTTED ALFALFA APHID - ARIZONA - Very light population in

alfalfa in Pinal County, February 28. Light to heavy infestations in
several fields in middle and lower Verde Valley, Feb. 16. (Ariz. Coop.
Rept. ). UTAH - Survived in threatening abundance on alfalfa in Washing-
ton and Kane Counties. Survival noted in Millard County. Caused damage
in Garfield County during 1955 at Panguitch and Tropic which adds

another county to State infestation. (Knowlton). TEXAS - Rapid build-up
on alfalfa in Brazos and Burleson Counties. (Randolph). OKLAHOMA -
Of four alfalfa fields checked in Garvin County, one showed a severe
infestation and the other three showed a general infestation. (Meharg).
Numerous and causing some damage in Kiowa County. (Hudson). Very
low populations in the northwestern areas. (Coppock). KANSAS - No
live aphids found in several fields surveyed in Johnson County. (Matthew).
LOUISIANA - Heavily infesting one alfalfa field in Bossier Parish with
many fields lightly infested in Natchitoches and Bossier Parishes. (Oliver).

PEA APHID (Macrosiphum pisi) - UTAH - Scarce on alfalfa in Washington
and Kane Counties. (Knowlton). LOUISIANA - Heavily infesting alfalfa

in Avoyelles, Rapides, Natchitoches and Bossier Parishes. A fungus
disease is decreasing the population in two fields in Rapides Parish.
(Oliver). VIRGINIA - Eggs have hatched in alfalfa fields in Northampton
County. Populations light. (Muka). ARKANSAS - Numbers declined

on alfalfa in southwestern area. Numbers light to none in northwestern

area. (Warren).

- 193 -

VEGETABLE WEEVIL (Listroderes costirostris obliquus) - NORTH
CAROLINA - Larvae present in one alfalfa field in Wake County, but not
in Significant numbers. (Dogger).

THRIPS - UTAH - Numerous on alfalfa in Washington, Kane and Millard
Counties. (Knowlton).

LUPINE MAGGOT (Hylemya lupini) - GEORGIA - Heavy infestation on
lupine in Tift County. (Beck).

LEAFHOPPERS (Empoasca sp.) - LOUISIANA - Infestations state-wide
in alfalfa and clovers with 80 per 100 sweeps in Natchitoches Parish,
48 per 100 sweeps in Bossier Parish. An infestation in sweetclover at
Baton Rouge declined from 124 to 8 per 100 sweeps in a 24-hour period.
Observations indicate a northward migration. None caught in light
traps. (Oliver).

CLOVER LEAFHOPPER (Aceratagallia sanguinolenta) - VIRGINIA -
Gravid adults light on alfalfa in Northampton County. (Muka).

CLOVER LEAF WEEVIL (Hypera punctata) - NORTH CAROLINA - Over
two larvae per square foot of alfalfa foliage in many fields in Granville
and Wake Counties. (Dogger).

GREEN CLOVERWORM (Plathypena scabra) - LOUISIANA - Continues to
infest alfalfa with 6-12 per 100 sweeps in Avoyelles, Rapides, Natchi-
toches and Bossier Parishes. (Oliver).

LEAFHOPPERS (largely Aceratagallia sp.) - UTAH - Numerous on
alfalfa in Washington, Iron and Kane Counties. (Knowlton).

LYGUS BUGS (largely Lygus hesperus and L.: elisus) - UTAH - Adults
becoming common in Washington County on alfalfa and sugar beets raised
for seed. (Knowlton).

TARNISHED PLANT BUG (Lygus lineolaris) - LOUISIANA - Infesting
alfalfa in Natchitoches, Bossier and Rapides Parishes at 1-6 per 100
Sweeps. (Oliver).

- 194 -

FRUIT INSECTS

ee ee ee —— —_—

RED-BANDED LEAF ROLLER (Argyrotaenia velutinana) carryover is
heavy in northern area and in Albemarle County apple orchards (Hill,
Bobb) and about normal in Augusta County (Woodside). A LEAF MINER
(Callisto sp.) carryover is very heavy in northern area apple orchards
but 75 percent are parasitized. (Hill). ROSY APPLE APHID (Anuraphis
roseus) is light in apple orchards in northern areas. (Hough). PLUM
CURCULIO (Conotrachelus nenuphar) populations in peach orchards very
light in Albemarle and adjacent areas, normal in the northern section and
extremely heavy in the eastern and tidewater areas of the State. At

least 1000 adults per acre in the tidewater areas. (Bobb). FORBES
SCALE (Aspidiotus forbesi) infestations heavier than usual in two apple
orchards in Augusta County. (Woodside). GREEN PEACH APHID (Myzus
persicae) from very light to very heavy with an over-all rate of medium
in apple orchards of Albemarle County. (Bobb). CODLING MOTH
(Carpocapsa pomonella) population and potential for damage about the
same as in 1955 in northern area (Hill) but are low in numbers in Augusta
County orchards (Woodside) and in the Albemarle area (Bobb). EUROP-
EAN RED MITE (Metatetranychus ulmi) eggs heavy in apple orchards of
Albemarle County, generally, but light in some orchards. (Bobb). Eggs
about normal in apple orchards in Augusta County. (Woodside). Medium
in orchards of northern area, generally, but heavy in local spots. (Hill).
Other ORCHARD MITES light in peach orchards in Buckingham County,
heavy in apple orchards in Albemarle County (Bobb) and are not expected
to be a problem before the end of July in northern area orchards. (Hill).

HICKORY SHUCKWORM (Laspeyresia caryana) - MISSISSIPPI - Heavily
infested pecan nuts on property in Newton County. (Neel).

PURPLE SCALE, with 92 percent of groves checked infested, increased
in activity with further increase expected. FLORIDA RED SCALE, with
56 percent of groves infested, increased in activity with beginning of new
hatch. Further increase expected. CITRUS RED MITE, with 64 percent
of groves infested, increased sharply in activity and now at high level in
all districts except Gainesville and Orlando. Further increase expected
in absence of rain. CITRUS RUST MITE, with 50 percent of groves
infested, increased in activity on leaves and declined on fruit. Level is
low in all areas except Bartow. Further decrease expected. (Pratt,
Thompson, Johnson).

- 195 -

EASTERN TENT CATERPILLAR (Malacosoma americanum) - MISSISSIP-
PI - Hatching egg masses collected from peach in Covington County.
(Hutchins).

CITRUS BLACKFLY (Aleurocanthus woglumi) - TEXAS - A single leaf
of orange was found infested in Laredo on February 7. No additional
infestation was found. (Cit. Blackflyand Mex. Fruit Fly Cont. Proj.)

EUROPEAN RED MITE (Metatetranychus ulmi) - NORTH CAROLINA -
Eggs three to four layers deep in one apple orchard in Buncombe County.
(Turnipseed).

ORCHARD MITES - UTAH - Eggs extremely numerous in some
Washington and Kane County apple orchards. (Knowlton, Hughes)

WHITE PEACH SCALE (Pseudaulacaspis pentagona) - NORTH CAROLINA
Moderate to severe infestations on peach in Onslow County (Algood), on
privet in Edgecomb County (Scott) and on a ornamental shade tree in
Rockingham County (Jones).

PECAN WEEVIL (Curculio caryae) - MISSISSIPPI - Infested all pecan
nuts produced in some orchards in Jones and Newton Counties, in 1955.
(Hutchins, Neel).

IE AK A AK AK IS AK 2g IE 2K IE 2 A KK 2K ARK 2K ORK 2K OK OK AE A OK OK AE OK OK OK eK

Weather continued from p.188

and in the middle Atlantic States and upper Ohio Valley. The snow line
continues to retreat in the upper Mississippi Valley with SouhhDakota,
Minnesota, Wisconsin, Michigan, and New York now snow covered only
in the northern half. (Summary Supplied by U. S. Weather Bureau).

FAR RAK 2K EE 2K CAE 2K 2 2 2 2K 2K OE 2K OR 2K OK A OK RIK OE A OK AE BOK OK OK OK

- 196 -

TRUCK CROP INSECTS

VEGETABLE WEEVIL (Listroderes costirostris obliquus) - GEORGIA -
Light to moderate infestations on turnips in Colquitt County. Heavy
infestations on tobacco beds in Thomas County, light infestation on

tobacco beds in Colquitt and Brooks Counties, moderate infestation on
tobacco beds in Lowndes County. (Johnson). Reported general throughout
tobacco plantbed area. (Morgan, Preston). MISSISSIPPI - Severe damage
by larvae and adults to turnips in Lauderdale County. (Hunsucker).
ARKANSAS - Adults infesting winter crucifers in Washington Co. (Warren).

CABBAGE APHID (Brevicoryne brassicae) - GEORGIA - Light infestations
on cabbage in Colquitt, Brooks, Cook and Lowndes Counties. (Johnson).

AN APHID (Anuraphis apiifolia) - CALIFORNIA - Caused five percent
loss to celery in San Diego County. (Cal. Coop. Rept., January).

CABBAGE LOOPER (Trichoplusia ni) - FLORIDA - Infesting lettuce at
Belle Glade, Palm Beach County. (Det. W. G. Genung). (Denmark).

CUTWORMS - FLORIDA - Cutworms, Agrotis ypsilon and Feltia
subterranea, attacking several crops in Palm Beach County. Lettuce,
sweet corn and field corn have been most severely attacked. (Det. W. G.
Genung). (Denmark).

A MAGGOT (Hylemya sp. - probably brassicae) - GEORGIA - Heavily
infesting commercial acreages of spinach in Thomas County. (Johnson).

TOBACCO FLEA BEETLE (Epitrix hirtipennis) - GEORGIA - Light
infestation in tobacco beds in Thomas County. (Johnson).

SOUTHERN MOLE CRICKET (Scapteriscus acletus) - FLORIDA - Adults
averaging five per bed of tobacco at Quincy, Gadsden County. (Det.
W. B. Tappan). (Denmark).

A MOLE CRICKET - GEORGIA - Caused light damage to tobacco beds in
Thomas and Lowndes Counties. (Johnson).

INSECTS AFFECTING MAN AND ANIMALS

BLOODSUCKING CONENOSE (Triatoma sanquisuga) - FLORIDA - Adult
collected from woman at Sebring, Highlands County. Reported bitten
three places while asleep. (Weems).

CATTLE GRUBS - NORTH DAKOTA - Survey in Adams, Hettinger and
Stark Counties showed 43 percent of cattle lightly infested with Hypoderma
lineatum. Infested animals appeared more numerous in Adams County,
Feb. 20. (N. D. Ins. Serv.). ARKANSAS - Very few H. lineatum in
backs of cattle in northwestern area. (Warren). VIRGINIA - Infestations
of H. lineatum very heavy in beef cattle in Albemarle County, ranging

a07 =

12-35 per animal and heaviest in yearlings. (Scott). Medium ona
county-wide basis in Clarke County but heavy insome herds. (Gerkin).
About 750 head were sprayed at a large farm in Warren County.
(Raffensperger, Turner).

CATTLE LICE - UTAH - Three thousand cattle sprayed in Beaver Coun-
ty. (Esplin, Knowlton). Six thousand five hundred cattle sprayed in
Washington County and more control in progress. (Hughes, Knowlton).
Forty percent of cattle sprayed in Garfield County. (Bendixen, Knowlton).
NORTH DAKOTA - A survey of Adams, Hettinger, and Stark Counties
showed 28 percent of cattle with medium infestation of SHORT-NOSED
CATTLE LOUSE (Haematopinus eurysternus), 8 percent with light infes-
tation of CATTLE BITING LOUSE (Bovicola bovis). Several light
infestations of LONG-NOSED CATTLE LOUSE (Linognathus vituli) were
observed, Feb. 20. (N. Dak. Coop. Rept.). VIRGINIA - Heavy in herds
in Albemarle County. (Scott). General and heavy in Clarke County.
(Gerkin). About 100 head were treated for lice in Warren County.
Heaviest infestations on bulls. (Raffensperger, Turner).

LONE STAR TICK (Amblyomma americanum) - ARKANSAS - Infestations
appearing on range cattle in northwestern counties. (Warren).

SHEEP KED (Melophagus ovinus) - VIRGINIA - Heavy in some sheep in
Albemarle County. (Scott).

SHEEP SCAB MITE (Psoroptes equi ovis) - VIRGINIA - Found on 105 of
1356 head of sheep fuspecied and were dipped in January. (Va. Live-
stock Health Bul., Feb. ).

A LOUSE (Pecaroecus javalii) - ARIZONA - Heavily infesting javelinas

(peccaries) in Santa Cruz County, January 1956. First literature report
since its description in 1938 from West Texas. (Ariz. Coop. Rept.).

FOREST, ORNAMENTAL AND SHADE TREE INSECTS

A PINE TIP MOTH - TEXAS - Medium infestations on terminal bud of
loblolly pine in Walker County. Have infested 75 percent of trees under
2 feet. (Webster).

BOXWOOD LEAF MINER (Monarthropalpus buxi) - NORTH CAROLINA -
Some leaves with 6-8 larvae per leaf in local infestation of boxwood in
Wake County. (Emory).

WHITE PEACH SCALE (Pseudaulacaspis pentagona) - VIRGINIA - Heavy
on privet hedge and lilacs in Richmond. (Morris).

ERIOPHYID MITES (Eriophyes Sp. ) - LOUISIANA - Heavily infesting
camellias in East Baton Rouge and St. Tammany Parishes with up to
1300 per leaf in some areas. (Oliver).

- 198 -

BULB MITE (Rhizoglyphus echinopus) - OREGON - Damaging a large
greenhouse planting of Easter lilies in Roseburg, Feb. 28. (Det. G. W.
Krantz). (Goeden).

BENEFICIAL INSECTS

DAMSEL BUGS (Nabis ferus and N. alternatus) - UTAH - Present in
alfalfa fields infested with SPOTTED ALFALFA APHID, but not numerous.
(Knowlton).

LADY BEETLES - UTAH - Appearing in Washington County alfalfa fields
infested with SPOTTED ALFALFA APHID. ‘Three species are present
with CONVERGENT LADY BEETLE most numerous. AS many as nine
per crown were counted. LOUISIANA - Numerous and active in alfalfa,
clover and oat fields along with Nabis sp., syrphid flies and wasps.
(Oliver).

STORED PRODUCTS INSECTS

STORED GRAIN PESTS - ARKANSAS - Of 79 bins of rice and oats
checked in the Stuttgart-Dewitt area, 14 bins had infestations of SAW-
TOOTHED GRAIN BEETLE; 4 bins had FLAT GRAIN BEETLE infesta-
tions; two had RICE WEEVIL; two had LESSER GRAIN BORER; and two
had FLOUR BEETLES. Total bins infested was 16, five of which
contained oats. (Rouse).

RED-LEGGED HAM BEETLE (Necrobia rufipes) - OREGON - Heavy,
local infestation on sacked coconut meal at a McMinnville feed mill.
(Goeden).

MISCELLANEOUS INSECTS

TERMITES - DELAWARE - Causing concern in Wilmington and Newark.
Began to swarm indoors some places, February 29-March 1. (Milliron).

BOXELDER BUG (Leptocoris trivittatus) - DELAWARE - Annoying in
house at Wilmington, March 1. (Milliron) MARYLAND - Annoying
around homes in Baltimore. (U. Md. Ent. Dept. ).

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- 201 -

A STATUS REPORT OF FOREST INSECTS IN 1955

Prepared by
Division of Forest Insect Research
Forest Service

CONTENTS

Page

ELAS Sapna 8 eae) cb aah to aie ai occa lide dla ak cat ket ah 202
Regional) @onditions. «|... 4. SHEA ER Nah hacotiehiahs RE ne ATi ah oye fertots 208
Galito mata seh sysicrseys siege a eeerenees Mee o ee Lacon he kcst os tah ess 203
PaciticuNorthwestii.c.g syst. tthe GS dtewpereg gin ehetcee col 204
Intesmountain States s2a)4..8h. oS MDa ke een Wa), ‘ 206
Rocky Mountainjotatesiacs cheno techerok tekereiere che Mee aE oOS
Lake States and Central States..... ae Meath wk Jets Aiiale poss 210
Southern and Southeastern States.........0e0008 : 213
Northeastern States sin’. sce cn rt oltre: cle seers ttclens ete 215
WAlials Watererninn hrceity a) cashsucversrit tina eae tatMen neds shore ie yencne gard? oe hats 217

Acknowledgement

This summary of the status of forest insect pests throughout the Nation is
a compilation of regional cooperative survey findings that have been made
known to date. Special acknowledgement is made to the many agencies
and persons who contributed to it; the Federal land-managing agencies,
state forestry, entomology, and conservation organizations, lumber
companies, timber operators, and private landowners. In order to
facilitate reference, the status of insect pests is assembled ona regional
basis.

202

HIGHLIGHTS

There was a decrease in the scope of infestations and in the severity of
losses caused by forest insects during 1955. The decreases occurred
primarily in the Pacific Coast States and in Alaska, but to some extent
also in the Rocky Mountains, and in the South. Elsewhere in the Nation
tree damage and tree-killing was comparable to conditions which have
prevailed during the past several years.

1. The combined action of Federal, State, and private agencies in
control of insect pests during 1955 averted major loss of timber
in many areas. The largest annual program ever undertaken for
control of the spruce budworm was successfully completed on
2,263,000 acres in Oregon, Idaho, Montana, and New Mexico.
Successful large scale control also was directed against the
Engelmann spruce beetle in Idaho, Montana, and Colorado; the
southern pine beetle in the South and Southeastern States; and
the gypsy moth in Michigan and the Northeast.

2. Outbreaks of the spruce budworm occurred throughout much of
the mixed conifer and spruce-fir forests in the Rocky Mountains,
in some areas of the Pacific Northwest, the Lake States, and
Maine. Infestations are most severe in portions of north Idaho
and Montana, and in a limited area in northern Minnesota.

3. Bark beetles and engraver beetles were less severe in 1955 than
for the preceding several years. However, these insects were
responsible for heavy loss of valuable timber in the pine, spruce,
and fir forests of the West, and in the pine stands of the South.

4. Several species of twig and terminal-feeding insects were of
major importance in portions of the Lake States, in the Northeast,
and in many of the southern and southeastern states.

5. Tree defoliators, other than the spruce budworm, were not as
severe in as many areas in 1955 as they were in 1954. However,
several species of pine sawflies were destructive in the Lake States
and in portions of the northern Rocky Mountains; tent caterpillars
were epidemic in portions of the Rocky Mountains, the Lake States
and the Northeast; the lodgepole needleminer infestation increased
in severity in portions of California, as did the fir-needleminer
in Utah; the pitch pine looper and the saddled prominent developed
to outbreak proportions in the Northeast, and a new tussock moth
infestation was discovered in the State of Washington.

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CONDITIONS IN CALIFORNIA

There was little change in forest insect infestations in California from
conditions which occurred during 1954. The Douglas-fir beetle outbreak
continued in the Douglas-fir forests of the North Coast, but the severity
of tree-killing was somewhat less than it was last year. The lodgepole
needleminer-mountain pine beetle complex in Yosemite National Park
continued at a high level and is creating another ghost forest in one area
of intensive recreational use. The fir engraver beetle caused heavy
scattered losses in many areas throughout the Sierra-Nevada Mountains
and the Jeffrey pine beetle is epidemic in some of the interior pine type.
The western pine beetle appears to be increasing slightly over the low
endemic level of the past few years. Although white-fir sawfly populations
increased slightly, they did not cause significant defoliation. Insect
damage to seeds and cones of coniferous trees continued at a high level.

THE DOUGLAS-FIR BEETLE (Dendroctonus pseudotsugae Hopk.) - There
has been a sharp reduction in the amount of loss caused by the Douglas-fir
beetle in the North Coast forests of the 8tate. Although some killing of
trees in groups occurred on approximately 250,000 acres in three of the
National Forests in this area, there was a marked reduction in the
intensity of the infestation from conditions which prevailed in 1954. The
reduced rate of the current infestation appears to have been caused by
natural factors although salvage of some of the infested trees contributed
to the decline of the beetle population.

THE LODGEPOLE NEEDLEMINER (Recurvaria milleri Busck) - The
epidemic infestation of the lodgepole needleminer continued unabated in
Yosemite and Sequoia-Kings Canyon National Parks. Severe defoliation of
host trees occurred on about 50,000 acres in Yosemite and on 3,000 acres
in Sequoia-Kings Canyon. Many of the defoliated trees have been killed

as a result of the needleminer infestation alone, but more important is the
weakening effect on the trees which is giving rise to heavy group killing

by the mountain pine beetle, especially in Yosemite. The current infestation
is believed to have started in 1945 and it has been on the increase since

that time,

THE MOUNTAIN PINE BEETLE (Dendroctonus monticolae Hopk.) - The
amount of tree-killing caused by the mountain pine beetle increased in the
lodgepole pine stands that were defoliated by the needleminer, and it is
estimated that 46,000 trees were killed on 5,400 acres in the Conness and
Alkali Creek drainages in Yosemite National Park. The rate of loss in
second-growth ponderosa pine at Crystal Bay, near Lake Tahoe, remained
at a high level, unchanged from conditions in 1954. The loss in sugar pine
throughout the range of this tree species in the state was light.

THE JEFFREY PINE BEETLE (Dendroctonus jeffreyi Hopk.) - In general,
tree-killing as a result of attacks by the Jeffrey pine beetle is light although
heavier infestations occur on portions of the Inyo National Forest and to

204

some extent on the Plumas National Forest. The selective removal
of high risk trees from the affected areas is proving successful as a
measure for control.

THE WESTERN PINE BEETLE (Dendroctonus brevicomis Lec.) -
Western pine beetle infestations are at a low endemic level throughout
the state. Although the rate of loss in both ponderosa and Coulter pine
showed a slight increase over 1954, there were no serious centers of
infestations anywhere in the region.

THE FIR ENGRAVER BEETLE (Scolytus ventralis Lec.) - The fir
engraver beetle, a serious pest of red and white fir, occurred at a high
endemic status throughout the State. The rate of tree-killing was some-
what reduced, however, from conditions noted during 1954.

PINE ENGRAVER BEETLES (Ips confusus Lec. and I. oregoni Eichh.) -
Pine engraver beetle infestations were spotty and tree- killing was
confined to small trees in proximity to areas being logged. The major
damage caused by these insects occurred in the southern portion of the
State.

OSLAR'S TUSSOCK MOTH (Hemerocampa oslari*(Barnes))- An outbreak
of this insect occurred locally in the Cherry Creek drainage of the
Stanislaus National Forest, the first recurrence of this defoliator in
outbreak proportions in the state for many years. The infestation in the
vicinity of Crane Meadows resulted in heavy defoliation and some top-
killing in local areas. Artificial measures for control are not deemed
necessary.

THE FIR SAWFLY (Neodiprion sp.) - Infestations of this unnamed sawfly
occurred throughout most of the Sierra Nevada Mountains but tree damage
was not significant. In the past, natural control factors have reduced
infestations before permanent stand damage occurred.

CONDITIONS IN THE PACIFIC NORTHWEST

Insect outbreaks in the forests of Oregon and Washington currently are
much less destructive than they have been for many years. Total epidemic
infestations covering 2,248,820 acres compares with 7, 704,120 acres of
epidemics in 1954. The spruce budworm, Douglas-fir beetle, and silver
fir beetles are all less severe than last year. The western pine beetle is
at an all-time low level since records began early in the century. The
balsam woolly aphid on Pacific silver fir and alpine fir has become more
severe, and the Douglas-fir tussock moth reappeared in outbreak propor-
tions in one area.

*Now known to be H. pseudotsugata.

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THE DOUGLAS- FIR BEETLE (Dendroctonus pseudotsugae Hopk.) -
Epidemic infestations totalled 873,120 acres in 1955, a reduction from the
5,100,000 acres infested throughout Oregon and Washington in 1954. A
few centers of heavy tree-killing exist on the Smith River-Roman Nose
Mountain area in western Oregon, and on the Colville Indian Reservation
in northeastern Washington. The killing of budworm-weakened trees in
the Blue Mountain Area has generally subsided except in the Pine Creek
and Snake River drainages.

SILVER FIR BEETLES (Pseudohylesinus spp.) - A marked decline in
acreage and intensity of infestations by these bark beetles occurred in 1955
and it appears that this long standing epidemic has almost subsided. The
salvage of dead and dying Pacific silver fir is still in progress in the
heavier centers of infestation.

THE WESTERN PINE BEETLE (Dendroctonus brevicomis Lec.) - Infes-
tations of the western pine beetle were at the lowest level in many years.
Only 45,320 acres of epidemic infestations were recorded during the year,
whereas severe damage occurred on some 1,000,000 acres in 1953 and
270,000 acres in 1954. Favorable precipitation and m.ormal harvesting,
with attention to removal of high risk trees from the stand, are steadily
reducing the western pine beetle hazard in the two states.

THE MOUNTAIN PINE BEETLE (Dendroctonus monticolae Hopk.) - The
mountain pine beetle is aggressively epidemic in portions of Oregon and
Washington each year, particularly in lodgepole pine and western white

pine, in the Cascade Mountain Range. In1955, the largest centers of infes-
tation occurred on the Gifford Pinchot, Wenatchee, and Mt. Baker National
Forests in Washington, and on the Deschutes National Forest and on the
Klamath Indian Reservation in Oregon. Epidemic infestations were recorded
on 295 centers totalling 175,000 acres.

FIR ENGRAVER BEETLES (Scolytus spp.) - Fir engraver beetle infes-
tations declined throughout Oregon and Washington. Although epidemic
outbreaks have been annually recorded in inaccessible locations along the
crest of the Cascade Mountains, in 1955 only 18,760 acres of severe damage
was recorded in Washington and 31,320 acres in Oregon.

PINE ENGRAVER BEETLES (Ips spp.) - Killing of ponderosa pine young
growth and poles by Ips was recorded on 51,910 acres. There were 99
centers of damage totalling 46,950 acres in eastern Oregon and 13 centers
totalling 4,960 acres in eastern Washington.

THE ENGELMANN SPRUCE BEETLE (Dendroctonus engelmanni Hopk.) -
Engelmann spruce beetle populations declined to the point that it was
difficult to locate infested trees. Centers of infestations on the Snoqualmie
and Umatilla National Forests subsided as a result of salvage and natural
control.

206

THE SPRUCE BUDWORM (Choristoneura fumiferana (Clem.)) - Spruce
budworm populations are at their lowest level since detailed records began
in 1947. Epidemic infestations dropped from 1, 034, 440 acres in 1954 to
542,430 acres in 1955. The increased effectiveness of natural control,
and the generally light to moderate intensity of the current infestations,
resulted in decisions against continuation of aerial spraying during 1956.
During the period from 1949 - 1955, epidemic budworm populations on
some 3,840,000 acres have been successfully treated by aerial application
of DDT.

THE BALSAM WOOLLY APHID (Chermes piceae (Ratz)) - Infestations of
the balsam woolly aphid, mostly on Pacific silver fir, were more extensive
and more severe in 1955, than in the past few years. Pronounced mortality
of Pacific silver fir occurred in the Lewis and Toutle River drainages in
Washington and new infestations, largely in alpine fir, were recorded on
the Mt. Hood and Willamette National Forests in Oregon. Experience with
infestations of this insect in eastern Canada indicates that direct measures
for control are impractical; it was encouraging, therefore, to find con-
siderable numbers of predators attacking the woolly aphid in the Mt. Hood
infestation area.

THE DOUGLAS-FIR TUSSOCK MOTH (Hemerocampa pseudotsugata McD.)
An outbreak of the Douglas-fir tussock moth occurred on approximately
9,000 acres in portions of Stevens, Spokane, and Pend Oreille counties

in Northeastern Washington. Recent observations indicate that natural
factors have reduced the threat of this infestation to a point where artificial
measures for control may not be necessary.

CONDITIONS IN THE INTERMOUNTAIN STATES

Damage caused by forest insects in the Intermountain States is severe in
several localities. The largest infestations occur in Idaho and Montana
where the spruce budworm and the Douglas-fir beetle are especially active
in fir stands. In portions of Utah, the Mountain pine beetle and the Black
Hills beetle are epidemic in lodgepole and ponderosa pine. There has been
a general lessening of damage caused by the pine and fir engraver beetles,
the western pine beetle, and the pine butterfly. Control measures during
1954 and 1955, especially the aerial spraying to destroy the pine butterfly
and spruce budworm, were effective in bringing about reduced damage.

THE DOUGLAS- FIR BEETLE (Dendroctonus pseudotsugae Hopk.) - The
Douglas-fir beetle is currently epidemic in many parts of western Montana,
in Idaho, and in portions of Utah. Cumulative tree-killing over the past
five years has resulted in a loss of from 5 to 75 percent of the Douglas-fir
stands in some areas. Group-killing of Douglas-fir increased sharply in
1954 and the high rate of loss continued during 1955. An intensive effort

207

is being made to accelerate the salvage of infested trees as a means of
reducing the severe timber losses caused by this insect.

THE SPRUCE BUDWORM (Choristoneura fumiferana (Clem)) - Populations
of spruce budworm began to increase in Idaho and Montana some six years
ago and the insect is now epidemic on 2,847,000 acres in the two states.
Aerial application of formulated DDT spray was used for control on
1,290,900 acres during the year and plans are being made to continue
aerial spraying during 1956.

THE ENGELMANN SPRUCE BEETLE (Dendroctonus engelmanni Hopk.) -
The Engelmann spruce beetle outbreak which became widespread over
western Montana and northern Idaho in 1952 seems to have returnedto a
near endemic status. Although there are a few spots of active infestation
remaining, a marked infestation decline is the rule in most areas. A new
outbreak covering some 9,000 acres was discovered on the Bridger
National Forest in western Wyoming where it is estimated that six million
board feet of timber are infested. The salvage of infested trees is being
used as a measure of control.

THE BLACK HILLS BEETLE (Dendroctonus ponderosae Hopk.) - Aggressive
infestations of the Black Hills beetle have existed on portions of the Dixie
National Forest and at Bryce Canyon National Park since 1949. Although

a reduction of the insect population has been accomplished through the
application of direct measures for control, infestations have constantly
appeared in new areas. The combined forces of artificial and natural
control have not materially changed the course of the outbreaks to date.

THE MOUNTAIN PINE BEETLE (Dendroctonus monticolae Hopk.) - The
mountain pine beetle occurs in outbreak conditions only in a few scattered
areas in the northern part of the Intermountain States. These comprise
some in lodgepole pine forests in western Montana, a single serious out-
break in lodgepole pine in Northeastern Washington - western Idaho, and
an infestation in ponderosa pine in northern Idaho. In the southern portion
of this region, a new outbreak developed on the Teton National Forest in
Wyoming with an estimated 3,000 trees killed on approximately 1,500 acres.
Another outbreak which has been causing considerable loss on the Wasatch
and Ashley National Forests in Utah since 1941 increased in severity during
55%

THE FIR NEEDLEMINER (Epinotia meritana Hein.) - Approximately
10,000 acres of white fir was defoliated at Bryce Canyon National Park and
on adjacent areas on the Dixie National Forest in Utah by the fir needle-
miner. The area of infestation has increased nearly tenfold in the last four
years and on 2,000 acres, 90 percent or more of the foliage on the trees
has been destroyed. Several attempts have been made to control this
infestation, but results have been inconsistent.

208

THE SPRUCE MEALYBUG (Puto sp.) - Some 60,000 acres of Engelmann
spruce are infested with this insect in southern Utah and the outbreak is
increasing in extent and severity. The mealybug affects all sizes of trees
causing branch and top-killing, deformation of young stock, and a weaken-
ing of sawtimber. There have been no efforts thus far to initiate control.

THE LODGEPOLE PINE SAWFLY (Neodiprion burkei Midd.) - An out-
break of the lodgepole pine sawfly developed on approximately 14,000 acres
in southwestern Yellowstone National Park, Wyoming. Associated with
this outbreak is an infestation of what may prove to be black-headed
budworm (Acleris variana Fern.) in alpine fir.

UNKNOWN DEFOLIATORS - Approximately 33,000 acres of western larch
were defoliated in northern Idaho and Montana by insects that have not yet
been identified. Although twolooper and two sawfly species have been
collected from the infested areas, there is another insect, as yet unknown,
that may be the primary one. Several thousand acres of lodgepole pine in
the Swan River Valley, Montana also were defoliated during the year.
Ground investigations indicated that a small lepidopterous insect had been
active in the area but only pupal cases remained at the time of the survey
and identification of the insect was not possible.

THE SOUTHWESTERN PINE BEETLE (Dendroctonus barberi Hopk.) - The
southwestern pine beetle continues to be active in ponderosa pine on the
Charleston Mountain area of the Nevada National Forest. Direct measures
for control to combat this infestation were undertaken during 1955 and it

is planned to continue control in 1956 in an effort to reduce populations to
an endemic level.

CONDITIONS IN THE ROCKY MOUNTAIN STATES

There was a decrease in the scope and severity of forest insect infestations
throughout the forested area in the Rocky Mountains. The large-scale
outbreak of Engelmann spruce beetle in Southern Colorado was brought
under control by the logging and milling of infested trees, and by the use

of chemical sprays. The major part of the spruce budworm infestation

in New Mexico was controlled by aerial application of DDT spray, and
several outbreaks of the Black Hills beetle were checked by spraying
infested trees with toxic oils.

THE ENGELMANN SPRUCE BEETLE (Dendroctonus engelmanni Hopk.) -
Although the Engelmann spruce beetle is at epidemic levels in scattered
localities in Colorado, conditions regionwide have been reduced to endemic
levels. The severe outbreak on the San Juan-Uncompahgre National
Forests was brought under control by spraying or logging 325, 844 infested
trees during the year. There is a threat of another epidemic infestation ,

209

however, due to a blowdown of spruce timber over a gross area of
200,000 acres on a portion of the San Juan National Forest. A close
check of beetle populations is being made in this blowdown area and
salvage of the down trees is planned to avert an epidemic in adjacent
stands.

THE BLACK HILLS BEETLE (Dendroctonus ponderosae Hopk) - The
Black Hills beetle is aggressive in some of the ponderosa pine stands
throughout the Rocky Mountains, but in general, there was a decrease in
beetle populations and loss during 1955. Several infestations were con-
trolled by action programs and there was no recurrence of severe tree-
killing in any of the affected areas.

THE DOUGLAS- FIR BEETLE (Dendroctonus pseudotsugae Hopk.) - The
intensity of tree-killing caused by the Douglas-fir beetle increased in
southern Colorado and in New Mexico. It is estimated that some

10,000, 000 board feet of timber was killed in New Mexico and a like amount
in the forests of southern Colorado. Due to inaccessability of many areas
where infestations are most severe, efforts in control have been practically
nil since salvage of infested trees is the only practicable method of coping
with the extensive outbreaks.

THE SPRUCE BUDWORM (Choristoneura fumiferana (Clem.)) - Severe
infestations of the spruce budworm are widespread in susceptible host
types in New Mexico and Arizona, and in the southern part of Colorado.
Some 460,000 acres of the infestations were treated by aerial applications
of DDT spray during 1955, but an equal acreage, or more, is affected.
Defoliation in all areas that were not sprayed increased in intensity during
the year.

THE GREAT BASIN TENT CATERPILLAR (Malacosoma fragilis Stretch) -
The aspen stands over extensive areas in the Southern Rocky Mountains
have been defoliated by this insect annually for the past decade. In some
stands where defoliation has been continuous during that period, tree
mortality has been severe. Inasmuch as the aspen stands throughout the
region are of low commercial value, direct measures for control have
been limited to high use recreational areas. However, an effort is now
being made to introduce a polyhedral virus disease into the population in
an effort to effect lasting control over larger areas.

THE SOUTHWESTERN PINE BEETLE (Dendroctonus barberi (Hopk.)) -
The average annual loss of ponderosa pine timber in New Mexico, Arizona,
and Colorado caused by the southwestern pine beetle, and associated ane
beetle species (D. convexifrons, D. approximatus and D, arizonicus), i
estimated at approximately 150 million board feet. Killing by these

insects increased during 1955 and, in some areas, there was a heavy
depletion of the pine resource. Wherever possible infested trees are being
salvaged as a measure of control.

210

THE FIR ENGRAVER BEETLE (Scolytus ventralis Lec.) - The severe
killing of white fir by this insect on the Sandia Mountains in Central New
Mexico ended abruptly in 1955. Ina portion of the infestation where
37,000 trees had been attacked and killed in 1954, no newly attacked trees
were found in 1955. The natural factors that were responsible for the
decline of this epidemic are not known.

THE MOUNTAIN PINE BEETLE (Dendroctonus monticolae Hopk.) - It is
estimated that 200 trees were killed in a small outbreak of the mountain
pine beetle in limber pine on a portion of the Shoshone National Forest in
Wyoming. The outbreak area is stocked with limber pine and lodgepole
pine, but despite the fact that lodgepole pine is a common host of the
mountain pine beetle, tree-killing was confined to the limber pine.

CONDITIONS IN THE LAKE STATES AND CENTRAL STATES

There are many species of destructive forest insects throughout the exten-
sive area comprising the Lake States and Central States region. Their
occurrence in outbreak proportions varies from year to year and from
place to place. During 1955, several species of defoliating insects in-
creased in number and caused severe damage in many areas. The spruce
budworm was found to be more extensive in the Lake States than was
reported last year and the gypsy moth was found at one site approximately
12 miles distant from the original infestation area at Lansing, Michigan.

THE SPRUCE BUDWORM (Choristoneura fumiferana (Clem.)) - Spruce
budworm infestations of varying intensities occurred throughout most of
the susceptible spruce-fir timber type in Minnesota, Wisconsin, and
Michigan. Although the outbreak condition on the Keweenaw Peninsula in
northern Michigan declined sharply, heavy defoliation occurred along the
Canadian border in Minnesota. Infestations elsewhere were light.

THE JACK-PINE BUDWORM (Choristoneura pinus Free.) - Damage
caused by this insect varied in intensity but defoliation was noticeable
throughout most of the Lake States area. In general, populations appeared
to be increasing. In Luce County, Michigan, outbreak conditions shifted
eastward into open-grown jack pine stands. A severe infestation also
occurred over most of three counties in north central Minnesota and
infested acreages increased materially in portions of Wisconsin.

FOREST TENT CATERPILLAR (Malacosoma disstria Hbn.) - Although the
outbreak of the forest tent caterpillar decreased materially throughout
most of the Lake States region, there were many areas severely defoliated
during the year. Heavy feeding continued in northern Wisconsin on a

gross area of more than 9 million acres. Moderate to heavy defoliation
occurred on approximately 19,000 acres in Michigan, primarily in the

241

Lower Peninsula; in Minnesota about 400,000 acres were affected in the
east-central part of the state.

THE SARATOGA SPITTLEBUG (Aphrophora saratogensis (Fitch)) - The
Saratoga spittlebug continued to be of major importance in red pine
plantations in Wisconsin and Michigan. Severe infestations during 1955
required artificial measures for control on approximately 12,000 acres in
the two states. Fortunately, many of the pine plantings are now reaching
an age and height where nymphal host plants are being crowded out and as
a result, the trees are less susceptible to serious injury.

THE LARCH SAWFLY (Pristiphora erichsonii (Htg.)) - Epidemic infes-
tations of the larch sawfly continued in northern Minnesota and moderate
to heavy feeding occurred throughout rather widely separated stands in
northern Michigan. Noticeable defoliation occurred in the tamarack
stands throughout the northern and central part of Wisconsin. However,
tree mortality as a result of sawfly defoliation occurred only in "off-
site'' stands in northeastern Minnesota.

PINE SAWFLIES (Neodiprion and Diprion spp.) - Several species of pine
sawflies occurred in scattered localities throughout the Lake States and
Central States region. The European pine sawfly, (N. sertifer (Geoff. ))
continued to be a major pest of red pine throughout the southern half of
lower Michigan, and in much of Ohio and Indiana. An outbreak covering
approximately 650 acres in Adams County, Wisconsin was sprayed in an
effort to eliminate the only known infestation in that State. The introduced
pine sawfly (D. similis (Htg.)) occurred in all counties in northwestern
Wisconsin and in many sections of central and east central Minnesota.

The jack-pine sawfly, (N. americanus banksianae (Roh.)) and the red-pine
sawfly (N. nanulus nanulus (Schedl)) also caused noticeable defoliation in the
Lake States.

THE EUROPEAN PINE SHOOT MOTH (Rhyacionia buoliana (Schiff)) - The
severity of European pine shoot moth infestations increased sharply in
lower Michigan. Roadside snowbreaks in Houghton County were heavily
infested and the insect spread into adjacent plantations. In southeastern
Wisconsin, infestations have spread to the North and West and populations
appear to be increasing. Many of the red pine plantations in the Central
States are so severely affected that planting of red pine has been curtailed
sharply. Effective measures for control of this insect have not been
developed.

THE WALKINGSTICK (Diapheromera femorata (Say)) - The oak stands in
some localities in east-central and northeast Wisconsin were completely
defoliated by this insect pest, and light to moderate feeding occurred in
the northwestern portion of the State. In Minnesota, however, populations
were at the lowest level since 1941. A light infestation occurred only in

212

one small area in upper Michigan. Artificial control by airplane spraying
was satisfactory on a1,000 acre outbreak on the Menominee Indian
Reservation.

THE PINE TORTOISE SCALE (Toumeyella numismaticum (P. & M.)) - A
very marked reduction in scale populations occurred throughout most of
Wisconsin. Some tree mortality occurred in a few jack pine plantations

in the northeastern portion of the State. In northern Michigan some 75
percent of the trees on about 2,000 acres were killed in Schoolcraft County.

THE GYPSY MOTH (Porthetria dispar (L.)) - Large-scale spraying was
initiated during the year for control of the gypsy moth near Lansing,
Michigan. Scouting and trapping on some 1.7 million acres subsequent

to the spraying program indicated that control was highly successful.
Additional infestation is now known only at one site approximately 12 miles
distant from sprayed area,

THE WHITE-PINE WEEVIL (Pissodes strobi (Peck)) - Due to tree
deformity caused by the attacks of the white-pine weevil, this insect is

one of the most important pests affecting pine plantations throughout the
region. Weevil damage in Michigan and Wisconsin was more extensive in
1955 than in past years. In many of the white pine and jack pine plantations
in these two states, 40 percent or more of the trees were ''weeviled"'.
Open growing white pine was heavily attacked in northern Wisconsin. Red
pine is becoming a common host to the weevil and tree injury is often more
severe than on either white pine or jack pine.

THE VARIABLE OAK LEAF CATERPILLAR (Heterocampa manteo (Dbldy))
Susceptible oak and birch in the northwestern part of Minnesota were
completely defoliated by this insect in 1955. Heavy feeding also occurred
in oak stands in northern Wisconsin.

THE BIRCH LEAF SKELETONIZER (Bucculatrix canadensisella Chamb.) -
This insect caused widespread defoliation of paper birch throughout the
Lake States. Due to the lateness of the season when defoliation occurred,
tree damage was not severe.

THE LARCH CASEBEARER (Coleophora laricella (Hbn.)) - Moderate to
heavy feeding by this insect occurred locally in tamarack stands in Michigan
and Wisconsin. However, for the region as a whole, populations were
lightly distributed.

THE SMALLER EUROPEAN ELM BARK BEETLE (Scolytus multistriatus
(Marsh)) - Subnormal precipitation in portions of the Central States region
during the past few years has caused a reduction in vigor of the elm trees
and as a result, there has been a general increase in populations of the
elm bark beetle.

243

CONDITIONS IN THE SOUTHERN AND SOUTHEASTERN STATES

The southern pine beetle, the black turpentine beetle, and the pine engraver
beetles were the most serious insect pests affecting the forests in the
Southern and Southeastern States, with several large-scale outbreaks
occurring in portions of North and South Carolina, Tennessee, Georgia,
Alabama, and Mississippi. Unusually dry conditions prevail in all areas
where the bark beetles are troublesome and large-scale control programs
have been necessary to suppress epidemic infestations. There were
numerous outbreaks of several species of defoliating insects throughout

the region, but resultant tree mortality was not severe in any area.

THE SOUTHERN PINE BEETLE (Dendroctonus frontalis Zimm.) - Exten-
sive control operations were undertaken during the year to suppress
epidemic infestations of the southern pine beetle. Control measures
included salvage cutting and the spraying of infested trees with formulated
BHC insecticide. On portions of the Talladega National Forests in Alabama
spot infestations continued to appear in areas surrounding the control units,
and in districts as much as 80 miles distant. The latter areas of outbreaks
consisted of half-acre spots of beetle-killed timber and scattered dead
trees. In one area near Dadeville, Alabama many spot infestations died
out suddenly , before control action was taken. In mid-December no

living southern pine beetles could be found and there were no exit holes

on many of the trees. Woodpeckers were numerous, and the presence of
predaceous clerid beetles and a white fungus associated with dead bark
beetles was noted. Spot infestations continued in Georgia, North Carolina,
South Carolina, Virginia, and Tennessee despite large-scale concerted
efforts to suppress the outbreaks by direct means. The critical areas of
infestation remaining in the Southeastern States are grouped in northern
Georgia, eastern North Carolina and in western Tennessee. Only a few
small outbreaks now remain in central Virginia.

THE PINE ENGRAVER BEETLES (Ips spp.) - During the dry September ard
October weather Ips beetles became noticeably more active in many parts
of the South. Infestations occurred in several counties in east Texas, in
southern Arkansas, in southwest Mississippi, and in Sumter County,
Alabama. Noteworthy of these engraver beetle infestations was the unusual
aggressiveness of Ips avulsus (Eichh.). In many instances, as many as 20
to 40 green pines were found harboring active populations of this small

Ips beetle without the association of other Ips species.

In south Georgia, the serious Ips outbreak which developed during the
spring and summer months was less severe by early October. In all areas
of infestation there has been an active campaign to salvage infested and
killed trees and, in some cases, infested slash has been sprayed with BHC
to reduce populations.

214

THE BLACK TURPENTINE BEETLE (Dendroctonus terebrans (Oliv.)) -
The black turpentine beetle occurred in outbreak proportions in many areas
throughout the Southern and Southeastern States. In each case, increased
beetle activity and resultant damage and death of attacked trees appeared
to be associated with timber cutting, turpentining, or fires. Small groups
of pines were killed in several counties in east Texas and throughout the
southernmost tier of counties in Arkansas. In Mississippi, heaviest tree
damage occurred on the Homochitto and De Soto National Forests; in
Louisiana, on the Kisatchie National Forest. In the southeast, heaviest
damage occurred throughout the Gum Belt in Florida and Georgia. Infes-
tations of outbreak proportions also occurred in portions of North Carolina.

THE PALES WEEVIL (Hylobius pales (Hbst.)) AND OTHER WEEVIL SPECIES
One or more species of weevils (H. pales; Pissodesnemorensis Germ.

and Pachylobius picivorus Germ.) caused severe damage to seedling pines

in areas where cutting was followed by immediate planting. In addition,
severe damage to pine seedling occurred in areas that were planted sub-
sequent to fire. It is suspected that weevil damage is more widespread
throughout the southern and southeastern states than is known at present.

THE NANTUCKET PINE TIP MOTH (Rhyacionia frustrana (Comst.)) -
General observations indicate that this insect is present in young plantations
throughout the southern and southeastern states. It is especially active

on poor sites and along roadsides. Infestations were reported on natural
loblolly pine seedlings in central Mississippi and in southern Alabama.
Planted slash pine was heavily infested in the vicinity of Athens, Texas and
severe damage occurred in northwestern Louisiana.

MISCELLANEOUS PINE INSECT PESTS - Heavy crops of longleaf pine cones
in Louisiana were infested by cone insects, notably the larvae of Dioryctria
moths and Ernobius beetles. It is estimated that at least 20 percent of the
cones were destroyed. The pine webworm (Tetralopha robustella Zell.)
was common on loblolly pine seedlings in many localities throughout the
southern states. The red-headed pine sawfly (Neodiprion lecontei Fitch)
defoliated young loblolly pines in a portion of San Augustine County, Texas
and the loblolly pine sawfly (Neodiprion taedae linearis Ross) was found in
small patches in northern Louisiana and in southeastern Texas.

HARDWOOD INSECTS - Heavy to complete defoliation of hardwoods

occurred in many areas during late September and early October. The
orange-striped oakworm (Anisota senatoria (A. & S.)), the yellow-necked cater-
pillar (Datana ministra (Drury)), and the variable oak-leaf caterpillar
(Heterocampa manteo (Dbldy.)) were the most common insects defoliating
thousands of acres of oaks in east Texas, southwestern Louisiana, and in
northeastern Mississippi. The fall webworm (Hyphantria cunea (Drury))

was generally common on pecan, sweetgum, persimmon, and other hard-

woods in east Texas, southwest Louisiana, and in Jackson County,

ald

Mississippi. Because defoliation occurred late in the season, severe
damage to the trees is not expected.

THE HICKORY BARK BEETLE (Scolytus quadrispinosus Say )- This

insect caused considerable mortality of hickories in the Morganton, Shelby-
Forest City, North Carolina areas during the summer months. No
organized control of any kind was attempted in the affected areas.

THE SMALLER EUROPEAN ELM BARK BEETLE (Scolytus multistriatus
Marsh.) - The smaller European elm bark beetle developed to epidemic
proportions at Platt National Park, Sulphur, Oklahoma. Severe drought
in the area reduced tree vigor to a point where the beetle readily estab-
lished broods in the weakened trees. Direct control was initiated to
suppress the infestation.

THE PINE COLASPIS BEETLE (Colaspis pini Barber) - This insect
severely defoliated young slash pines in plantations in the coast areas of
Texas, Louisiana, and Mississippi. Defoliated stands resembled those hit
by wildfire. However, virtually no mortality ensued as the trees recovered
quickly without benefit of artificial measures for control.

THE CYPRESS LOOPER (Anacamptodes pergracilis ( Hulst)) - Approxi -
mately 450 acres of virgin southern bald cypress near Hope, Arkansas was
completely defoliated by the cypress looper. Other than two areas south
of Alexandria, Louisiana, which were defoliated in 1953, this is the only
infestation on record for this insect in this region.

THE COTTONWOOD LEAF BEETLE (Chrysomela scripta Fab.)- This
leaf-feeding insect occurred in unusually large numbers in cottonwood
plantations and nurseries in southern Mississippi, the first outbreak of
this insect in this area since 1944. Complete control in areas sprayed was
obtained by aerial application of endrin-water emulsion at the rate of 0.2
pounds of active toxicant per acre.

CONDITIONS IN THE NORTHEASTERN STATES

Forest insect conditions in the Northeast were characterized by a decrease
in the area and severity of attack by some pests and increased damage by
species that usually are less important. The forest tent caterpillar and
the gypsy moth declined, and spruce budworm defoliation was observed
only in one area in northeastern Maine. In contrast, pine sawflies, the
saddled prominent, and the pitch pine looper developed to serious pro-
portions in some areas. The beech scale, and the associated Nectria
fungus, presents a new threat to the beech stands at a number of points in
central Vermont where the insect is now firmly established. The white-
pine weevil, the balsam woolly aphid, the red pine scale, and the European

216

pine shoot moth continued at damaging levels.

THE SPRUCE BUDWORM (Choristoneura fumiferana (Clem.))- Spruce bud-
worm populations in New York, Vermont, and New Hampshire were light
whereas a heavier infestation occurred in the northeastern townships of
Maine. During mid-June, there was a considerable influx of moths into
the Madawaska Lake-Presque Isle - Squapan Lake Areas and as a result,
light to medium defoliation over a large area in northern Maine is expected
during 1956.

PINE SAWFLIES (Neodiprion spp.) - Several species of pine sawflies are
perennial pests in the Northeastern states and extensive areas of loblolly
and Virginia pine in Maryland, New York, and New Jersey have been
seriously infested for several years. The red-headed pine sawfly

(N. lecontei Fitch) was most prevalent in New York, and the European
pine sawfly (N. sertifer Geoff.) occurred in epidemic numbers in northern
New Jersey. Spot infestations of N. sertifer has caused serious damage
to red pines throughout southeastern Connecticut for several years and
infestations were numerous during 1955. Defoliation of loblolly pine
caused by N. taedae taedae Ross occurred on the Eastern Shore of Mary-
land along the larger waterways but the insect appeared to be on the
decline. N. pratti pratti (Dyar ) was abundant over a wide area in central
Maryland causing severe defoliation of Virginia pines. The heaviest feed-
ing was observed in the Patuxent River drainage and in a small area near

Fenwick.

THE PITCH PINE LOOPER (Lambdina athasaria pellucidaria G. & R.)) -
This looper, a close relative to the hemlock looper Lambdina fiscellaria
fiscellaria (Guen.) has occurred in outbreak proportions on pitch pine
over much of Cape Cod, Massachusetts, and in portions of Connecticut,

at periodic intervals for many years. The current outbreak began in 1953
and reached epidemic proportions during 1954 and inl1955. Although tree
defoliation in 1955 was generally lighter than last year, the infestation was
widespread and it became necessary to initiate direct measures for
control. Aerial application of DDT spray was carried out on 203, 100 acres
by the State of Massachusetts, and an additional 20,000 acres were
sprayed at three separate United States Army installations.

THE RED-PINE SCALE (Matsucoccus resinosae B. & G.) - This scale
insect is a major pest of red pine in portions of Connecticut and New York.
A survey of the present distribution of this insect in Connecticut reveals
that it now covers an area of approximately 90 square miles in Fairfield
County, an extension of infestations of one-half to two miles beyond the
limit in 1953. No increase was reported of spot infestations in southeastern
New York or of those on Long Island. However, the pest was found in

large numbers on new hosts (Pinus densiflora and P. tabulaeformis) in
Yonkers, New York during the year. we

217

THE BALSAM WOOLLY APHID (Chermes piceae Ratz) - This insect
recurs annually as a major pest of balsam fir in Maine, New Hampshire,
and Vermont. Tree mortality as a result of aphid attacks was reported
over a wide area in each of those states during 1955. Infestations in
New York were less severe, and tree damage in the Green Mountain and
White Mountain National Forests were reported as decreasing.

THE FOREST TENT CATERPILLAR (Malacosoma disstria Hbn.) - The
large-scale outbreak of this insect pest decreased in scope and intensity
in New York and northern New England, although some 6 million acres of
susceptible host type was defoliated during the year. A further decline
in populations is expected during 1956.

THE GYPSY MOTH (Porthetria dispar (L.)) - The intensity of gypsy moth
populations decreased sharply in New England due to a high incidence of
disease, parasites, predators, and large-scale spraying. However, a
build-up of populations and increased defoliation occurred on the periphery
of the generally infested area in eastern New York, southwestern
Connecticut, and in Vermont. Trapping and scouting during the summer
of 1955 indicated a considerable spread of the moth to the south and west
of the regulated area in New York, northern New Jersey, and north-
eastern Pennsylvania. It is estimated that this spread increased the

total area of infestation in the Northeastern States by about eight and three-
fourths million acres.

THE BEECH SCALE (Cryptococcus fagi (Baer)) - This insect is present
in large numbers on much of the Green Mountain National Forest in
Vermont and is causing severe damage to beech in New Hampshire and
Maine. There has been no change in the severity and scope of infestations
in New York from those which occurred in 1954,

THE SADDLED PROMINENT (Heterocampa guttivitta (Wlkr.) At periodic
intervals of about 10 years this insect develops to epidemic proportions in
susceptible oak, birch, beech and sugar maple stands throughout much of
New England and New York. During 1955, heavy feeding occurred on
23,000 acres in western Massachusetts and on 3,000 acres in Rensselaer
County, New York. Beech and sugar maple were most heavily fed upon
although oak and birch also were attacked.

CONDITIONS IN ALASKA

There was a diversity in insect conditions in Alaska during 1955. Bark
beetle activity increased but the black-headed budworm outbreak has
virtually come to an end. The hemlock sawfly became epidemic over a
wide area but heavy defoliation was confined to relatively small patches.

218

THE BLACK-HEADED BUDWORM (Acleris variana Fernald) - The black-
headed budworm outbreak on the Tongass National Forest and in Glacier
Bay National Monument continued to diminish in 1955. The heart of the
outbreak now comprises only 620,000 acres in the vicinity of Icy Strait
but noticeable defoliation continued along the westside of the mouth of
Glacier Bay. Parasites are believed to be the agents contributing most to
the outbreak decline and only a few scattered pockets of the infestation are
to be expected during 1956. Little or no permanent damage occurred in
either hemlock or spruce stands.

THE HEMLOCK SAWFLY (Neodiprion tsugae Midd.) - The hemlock sawfly
developed to epidemic proportions on approximately a 1.2 million acre
area between Ketchikan and Wrangell. The heaviest defoliation occurred

on Revillagigedo Island and on the Cleveland Peninsula. As yet, no per-
manent injury to the hemlock stands is evident.

LEAF BEETLES (Chrysomela interrupta complex) - Leaf beetles were
epidemic on black cottonwood and willows on the moraines of Mendenhall,
Eagle, and Herbert Glaciers north of Juneau. The defoliation on cottonwood
was very heavy and many of the tops of trees were completely stripped. .

THE ALASKAN SPRUCE BEETLE (Dendroctonus borealis Hopk.) - And
(Ips interpunctus Eich.) -Bark beetle activity in Interior Alaska increased,
particularly in the vicinity of Soldotna and Homer on the Kenai Peninsula
where recent road and power line construction has resulted in large
quantities of favorable host material for the insects. Although woodpecker
feeding has helped to keep the spruce beetle populations at a low level, a
steady toll of white spruce is being taken. Countless epidemic pockets of
Ips-killing occurred in the Yukon - Porcupine - Coleen - Chandalar River

country. Some of this type of damage has been prevalent for a number of
vears and it is suspected that populations have built up in the large numbers
of fire-weakened trees.

Washington 25, D. C.
February 3, 1956

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S DEPARTMENT. Of

AGRICULTURAL RESEARCH SERVICE

PLANT PEST CONTROL BRANCH

ECONOMIC INSECT SURVEY SECTION

The Cooperative Economic Insect Report is
Issued weekly as a service to American Agrli-
culture. Its contents are compiled from informa-
tion supplied by cooperating State, Federal, and
industrial entomologists and other agricultural
workers. In releasing this material the Branch
serves as a clearing house and does not assume

responsibility for accuracy of the material.

Reports and inquiries pertaining to this release
should be mailed to:

Economic Insect Survey Section
Plant Pest Control Branch
Agricultural Research Service
United States Department of Agriculture
Washington 25, D. C.

Volume 6 March 23, 1956 No. 12
COOMIMIS AAW Id, 13 CONOM LC INS Cae Ih IOs 4e

Highlights of Insect Conditions

BROWN WHEAT MITE increasing in Texas Panhandle. Populations high
in Beaver and Texas Counties, Oklahoma. Also occurring in south central
Kansas. (p. 248).

SPOTTED ALFALFA APHID light in some areas of California, Kansas,
and Nebraska but heavy in several Texas and Oklahoma Counties.
Arizona reports varying infestations. Increasing in Washington County,
ital (9.245):

VEGETABLE WEEVIL infestation in tobacco plant beds moderate to heavy
in several Georgia counties. Severe injury to vegetables in Jones County,
Mississippi. (p. 248).

BOLL WEEVIL survival higher than last year in South Carolina. (p. 248).

First established infestation of LESSER GRAIN BORER for Oregon.
(p. 250).

CASEMAKING CLOTHES MOTH reported from Idaho for first time.
(p. 250).

LIGHT TRAP collections. (p. 251).
Some of the more IMPORTANT INSECTS in 1955 in Missouri. (p. 250).

SUMMARY OF INSECT CONDITIONS - 1955 - Minnesota (p. 252),
Massachusetts (p. 257).

First Reported Records of Season (by areas)
ARMYWORM moth taken at Manhattan, Kansas, March 12, and BLACK

CUTWORM moth, March 4. CLOVER MITE eggs hatching on apple in
Albemarle County, Virginia. IMPORTED CABBAGEWORM adults out in
Wake County, North Carolina, March 5 and 14.

- 242 -

WEATHER BUREAU'S 30-DAY OUTLOOK
Mid-March to Mid-April 1956

The Weather Bureau's 30-day outlook for mid-March to mid-April calls
for temperatures to average below seasonal normals west of the Continen-
tal Divide. In the eastern half of the country temperatures are expected
to average above normal except near normal in the North Atlantic States.
Precipitation is expected to exceed normal in the lower Mississippi and
Ohio Valleys and also in the Central Plateau Region. Subnormal amounts
are predicted for the upper Mississippi Valley, Pacific Northwest, and
Southern Plains. Elsewhere near normal precipitation is indicated.

This report released by the Weather Bureau on March 16, 1956.

Weather forecast given here is based on the official 30-day "Resume
and Outlook", published twice a month by the Weather Bureau. You can
subscribe through Superintendent of Documents, Washington 25, D.C.
Price: $4.80 a year, $2.40 for six months.

WEATHER FOR THE WEEK ENDING MARCH 19, 1956

High pressure prevailed over most of the Nation and the week's

weather was uneventful until March 16 when a low pressure area moved
northward from the southeast sector of the country and caused the most
severe wind and snowstorm of the season for the Northeast. A second
low cell developed in Wisconsin on March 17 and as it moved southeast-
ward to the Atlantic Coast and then northeastward resulted in snow
conditions unsurpassed in several years for areas from New Jersey
through New England. Falls up to 4 to 19 inches were reported from
Ohio eastward and from Virginia northward. Winds of 60 to 70 m.p.h.,
battered the Atlantic seaboard, grounding 5 ships and bringing death from
exposure to 3 seamen. Electrical storms accompanied the disturbances
in portions of Pennsylvania, New York, and Connecticut. Sleet, dry
snow, and blizzard conditions hampered traffic, slowed road clearing,
but caused many accidents. Deaths are preliminarily estimated at 95
for 11 states and property damage is not yet totalled. A record snow.
depth of 21 inches for March was established at Bradley Field near
Hartford, Connecticut. Also the total record snowfall for March of

21 1/2 inches is exceeded by 27 1/2 inches so far this month. When all
reports are in, other records are expected to be broken. The increased
snow depths so late in the season also pose serious flood possibilities in
certain areas. Precipitation totals were again mostly moderate to heavy
in the eastern third of the country except for Maine and the Southeast,
while no rain of significance was recorded in California, from
western Nevada through western Texas, and in central portions of
Washington and Oregon. In many states south of the Ohio Valley small
(Continued on page 250)

- 243 -
CEREAL AND FORAGE INSECTS

BROWN WHEAT MITE (Petrobia latens) - TEXAS - February snows
decreased populations considerably in panhandle area but are now rapidly
increasing. Highest populations in northern part of High Plains.
(Daniels). Medium to heavy, widespread populations on wheat in Foard
County. (Burkett), OKLAHOMA - Populations quite high, averaged
140 per linear foot, in a number of fields in Beaver and Texas Counties,
Mar. 6. Red winter eggs abundant in many fields with a few diapause
eggs appearing. Populations especially high in continuous fields and in
fields where crop failed in spring of 1955. A few heavily infested fields
in an area along Cimmaron River south of Perkins. (Henderson).
KANSAS - Infestations in nearly all barley and wheat fields checked in
Cowley, Sumner, Sedgwick, and Harvey Counties. Heavy feeding
evident in some barley in Cowley County. (Matthew).

GREENBUG (Toxoptera graminum) - TEXAS - Of 17 counties surveyed in
panhandle, infestations found on wheat in Potter, Randall, Deaf Smith,
Castro, Parmer, Swisher, Briscoe, Floyd, Hale and Crosby Counties.
Highest populations in Castro, Floyd and Hale Counties with up to 125
aphids per linear foot of row in Castro. Most other counties had 1-20
per linear foot of row in wheat. (Daniels). Medium to heavy damage to
oats in spots over widespread area in Raines and Rockwall Counties. A
few spots killed in some fields. (Hawkins). KANSAS - No infestations
found in wheat fields checked in Woodson, Wilson, Montgomery, Elk,
Cowley, Sumner, Sedgwick and Harvey Counties. (Matthew).

FLORIDA - In complex with Sipha flava building up on pangola grass at
Belle Glade, Palm Beach County. (Genung). OKLAHOMA - Slight
infestation in scattered fields in Craig and Ottawa Counties. One wheat
field in Wagoner County average 31 aphids per linear foot of row.
(Coppock). Causing damage in some wheat fields in Okfuskee and
Okmulgee Counties. (Stiles).

WINTER GRAIN MITE (Penthaleus major) - OKLAHOMA - Light popula-
tions in scattered fields of small grains in Craig, Ottawa and Adair
Counties. (Coppock).

APHIDS - ARIZONA - Light populations causing light damage on 100
acres barley at Eloy, Pinal County Mar. 10. (Ariz. Coop. Rept. ).

AN ARMY WORM (Leucania latiuscula) - FLORIDA - Causing extensive
damage to young sugarcane in Palm Beach County. (Questel).

FLEA BEETLES - TEXAS - Heavy, widespread infestations in grain
sorghum, corn and broomcorn in San Patricio County. (Pawlik).

ARMY CUTWORM (Chorizagrotis auxiliaris) - TEXAS - Small numbers
generally on wheat in panhandle. (Daniels). OKLAHOMA - Infestations
averaged four per square yard in wheat in eastern Kiowa County and
nine in western area. (Hudson). KANSAS - Average of six larvae per
square yard in wheat, barley and alfalfa in Cowley, Sumner, Sedgwick

- 244 -

and Harvey Counties. Infestations also reported from Barber County and
south central area. In general, little damage to barley or wheat.
(Matthew). Little evidence of feeding in southwest area where counts in
field margins range from 2-5 per square foot. (Frazier), NEBRASKA -
Infestation from 1-3 per square foot in alfalfa in Custer County.

Reported in alfalfa in Furnas County. (Andersen).

CUTWORMS - TEXAS - Medium widespread infestations of Peridroma

margaritosa and Agrotis ypsilon attacking vetch and other crops in
Brazos County. (Randaipae KANSAS - Two moths of A. ypSilon taken

in light trap at Manhattan, Riley County, Mar. 4. First record of
season. (Matthew).

A BILLBUG (Calendra callosa) - GEORGIA - Heavily infesting one acre
of sweet corn in seedling stage in Lowndes County. (Blickenstaff).

ARMY WORM (Pseudaletia unipuncta) - KANSAS - First appearance of
moth in Manhattan, Riley County, Mar. 12. (Louloudes).

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SWEETCLOVER APHID (Myzocallidium riehmi) - MINNESOTA - An
aphid determined to be this species by A. A. Granovsky in 1955 was found
for the first time in Minnesota in 1954. This species was taken from
sweetclover by B. A. Haws at Crookston (Polk County) in 1954 and at
Crookston, East Grand Forks and Fertile (all in Polk County) in 1955.
(Aamodt). According to ARS records, this aphid has been determined
from Washington, Oregon, Utah, Colorado, New Mexico, Nebraska,
Kansas, Arkansas, Tennessee, Pennsylvania and Maryland.

- 245 -

SPOTTED ALFALFA APHID - CALIFORNIA - Light damage to alfalfa in
Imperial County. (Cal. Coop. Rept.). UTAH - Noticeable increase
during past three weeks in Washington County. (Davis, Knowlton).
ARIZONA - Of 50 alfalfa fields checked in Yuma area March 9, four had
light infestations and two had moderate infestations. On Yuma mesa, 13
out of 25 fields checked had heavy populations. In Chandler-Queen Creek
area of Maricopa County, scarce March 7. Light populations in Greenlee
and Pinal Counties. (Ariz. Coop. Rept.). TEXAS - Heavy populations
on alfalfa in Brazos County. (Randolph). Heavy widespread infestations
in Houston County. (Nix). Medium to heavy, widespread populations on

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alfalfa in Throckmorton, Haskell, Foard, Kent, Motley, Hall,
Wilbarger, Hardeman, Baylor, Knox, Cottle, Burleson and Grimes
Counties. (Fuller, Davis). OKLAHOMA - Causing severe damage in
Canadian River bottom alfalfa east of Oklahoma City. (Bower). Heav

to severe damage to some alfalfa fields in Wagoner County. (Cassca.
Infestations ranged from 2-3 per plant to about 5000 per square foot in
Mcintosh and Okfuskee Counties. Fields in Oklahoma County infested.
(Stiles). KANSAS - Light infestations in alfalfa fields of Wilson, Mont-
gomery, Elk, Cowley, Sumner and southern Sedgwick Counties, southern
tier of southeast and south central counties. None north of Wichita and
nowhere a problem. (Matthew). Light in Meade and Clark Counties.
(Frazier). NEBRASKA - Populations low in Sherman County. (Andersen).

- 246 -

PEA APHID (Macrosiphum pisi) - ARIZONA - Building up in several
areas on alfalfa in Maricopa County. (Ariz. Coop. Rept.). TEXAS -
Light local populations on winter peas in Hunt County. (Hawkins).
KANSAS - Non-economic numbers of nymphs in alfalfa in Wilson and
Montgomery Counties. (Matthew). LOUISIANA - Continues to infest
forage crops in St. Landry, Avoyelles, Pointe Coupee, West Baton
Rouge and East Baton Rouge Parishes. (Oliver). VIRGINIA - Light
populations in alfalfa in nearly all parts of State. (Morris).

LEAFHOPPERS (Empoasca sp.) - LOUISIANA - Infesting sweetclover
in Fast Baton Rouge and West Baton Rouge Parishes at 10-18 per 100
sweeps. (Oliver).

GREEN CLOVERWORM (Plathypena scabra) - LOUISIANA - Infesting
red clover in East Baton Rouge Parish at 30 per 100 sweeps. (Oliver).

EGYPTIAN ALFALFA WEEVIL (Hypera brunneipennis) - ARIZONA -
Larvae feeding in alfalfa terminals. Light infestation Chandler-Queen
Creek area, Mar. 7, Maricopa County. (Ariz. Coop. Rept. ).

TOBACCO THRIPS (Frankliniella fusca) - LOUISIANA _- Moderately
infesting white clover in East Baton Rouge Parish. (Oliver).

TARNISHED PLANT BUG (Lygus lineolaris) - LOUISIANA - Populations
increasing in clovers in East Baton Rouge, West Baton Rouge, Pointe
Coupee and Avoyelles Parishes. (Oliver).

A LEPIDOPTEROUS LARVA (Cisseps fulvicollis) - LOUISIANA - Severe-

ly damaging sedges, an important muskrat food in southwestern area.
Damage causing concern to trappers. (Oliver).

FRUIT INSECTS

APHIDS - ILLINOIS - Eggs fewer than for several years in the Carbon-
dale area. (Chandler).

PEACH TWIG BORERS - UTAH - Injuring opening buds of peach trees in
Washington County. (Davis).

CLOVER MITE (Bryobia praetiosa) - VIRGINIA - Eggs heavy and hatch-
ing under bark of apple trees in Albemarle County. (Bobb, Cagle).

GREEN PEACH APHID (Myzus persicae) - VIRGINIA - Infestations
medium in apple orchards in central area. (Bobb).

PEAR PSYLLA (Psylla pyricola) - CALIFORNIA - Adults and eggs in
pear orchards in Potter Valley, Mendocino County. (Cal. Coop. Rept. ).

EASTERN TENT CATERPILLAR (Malacosoma americanum)-- GEORGIA -
Light infestation throughout State on wild cherry trees. (Johnson).

- 247 -

CITRUS BLACKFLY (Aleurocanthus woglumi) - TEXAS - Three light
infestations found at Brownsville during latter part of February. (Citrus
Blackfly and Mex. Fruit Fly Cont. Proj., Feb. 16-29).

wee ee eee ee eo ee eee eee te ee eee eee ee ee

PURPLE SCALE, with 94 percent of groves checked infested, increased in
activity with trend expected to continue through March. FLORIDA RED
SCALE, with 51 percent of groves infested, increased. Further increase
expected with peak in about two weeks. CITRUS RED MITE, with 78
percent of groves infested, increased in activity but less than previous
weeks. Little change expected next week or so. CITRUS RUST MITE
activity increased on leaves and fruit. Forty-nine percent of groves
Secon) Increase expected on fruit following week. (Pratt, Thompson
Johnson).

TRUCK CROP INSECTS

CABBAGE LOOPER (Trichoplusia ni) - FLORIDA - Light local infestation
on lettuce, Palm Beach County. (Genung).

CABBAGE APHID (Brevicoryne brassicae) - GEORGIA - Light infestation
on cabbage in Cook County. Numerous parasitized aphids, Mar. 14.
(Johnson).

IMPORTED CABBAGEWORM (Pieris rapae) - GEORGIA - Heavy infesta-
tion on cabbage in Cook County, Mar. 14. (Johnson). NORTH CAROLINA
ae flight of adults, Mar. 5, in Wake County and again Mar. 14.

Scott).

CUTWORMS - TEXAS - Heavy widespread populations attacking garden
crops in Washington, Brazos and Burleson Counties. (Weaver, Davis).

BEET LEAFHOPPER (Circulifer tenellus) - ARIZONA - Averaged 11 per
100 cage samples in six study fields of cantaloups at Yuma, Mar. 9.
Most associated with sowbane. (Ariz. Coop. Rept. ).

TWO-SPOTTED SPIDER MITE (Tetranychus telarius) - CALIFORNIA -
In strawberry fields last of February in Orange County. (Cal. Coop. Rept. ).

STRAWBERRY APHID (Pentatrichopus fragaefolii) - CALIFORNIA -
Building up to damaging numbers in Orange County, last of February.
(Cal. Coop. Rept. ).

A LEAF ROLLER (Clepsis peritana) - CALIFORNIA - An infestation in
early March in a strawberry field in Fresno County. (Cal. Coop. Rept.,
Mar. 14).

APHIDS - VIRGINIA - Light infestations on overwintering vegetables and
strawberries in eastern area. (Brubaker). GEORGIA - Light infesta-
tions in tobacco plant beds in Coffee County, Mar. 15. (Torrance).

- 248 -

VEGETABLE WEEVIL (Listroderes costirostris obliquus) - MISSIS-
SIPPI - Several fields of turnips and other vegetables severely injured
by larvae in Jones County. (Pepper). GEORGIA - Heavy infestation of
larvae and adults on turnips in Tattnall County, Mar. 15. (Johnson).
Heavy infestation in tobacco beds in Tift County; moderate to heavy in-
festation in Cook, Berrien and Coffee Counties and moderate infestation
in Bacon, Appling, Tattnall, Candler and Emanuel Counties, Mar. 15.
(Johnson).

MOLE CRICKETS - GEORGIA - Light infestation in tobacco plant beds in
Coffee County and a heavy infestation in Berrien County, Mar. 15.
(Johnson).

TOBACCO FLEA BEETLE (Epitrix ix hirtipennis) - GEORGIA - Light to
moderate infestation in tobacco beds in Tift, Cook, Berrien, Coffee,
aoe oe Tattnall, Candler and Emanuel Counties, Mar. 15}.
Johnson

COTTON INSECTS

Boll Weevil Survival, South Carolina

In Florence County, 200 square yards of surface woods trash examined
from 20 farms, March 2-9, showed live boll weevils ranging from 484 to
16,456 per acre with an average of 4646 per acre. Winter survival in
1955-56 was 40.7 percent, lowest found over a 13-year period; although
the average number of weevils per acre in the fall was the highest during
the 13-year period. The survival this spring is about 1 1/2 times the
average number found over a 19-year period and over twice the number
found in spring of 1955. From Feb. 27 to Mar. 7, 300 square yards of
trash were examined from 30 farms in Darlington, Sumter, Clarendon,
Laurens, Horry and Orangeburg Counties. The average number of weevils
was 5001 per acre compared with 8260 in 1955 fall examinations and

749 per acre found in the 1955 spring examinations. Percent survival

for all samples was 60.5 compared with ae Allee BS ees ee
Correction: Boll Weevil Hibernation, Louisiana-CEIR 6(11):225.

Fourth sentence should read "Number of weevils per point(10 samples)..."

CUTWORMS - TEXAS - Infestations of Peridroma margaritosa and
Agrotis ypsilon causing considerable damage to cotton in lower Rio
Grande Valley. Most damage occurring in woogie fields or fields having

cover crops. (Deer).
FOREST, ORNAMENTAL AND SHADE TREE INSECTS

A PINE TIP MOTH - TEXAS - Larvae caused serious damage to 25 acres
of 2-year-old loblolly pine in Walker County. (Texas For. Pest Comm. ).

- 249 -

COTTONY-CUSHION SCALE (Icerya purchasi) - ARIZONA - Has been
unusually heavy on pittosporum, citrus and roses at Casa Grande, witha
number of pittosporum killed. (Ariz. Coop. Rept. ).

EUONYMUS SCALE (Unaspis euonymi) - VIRGINIA - Infestation heavy
and killing euonymus plants at Clifton Forge. (Rowell).

FLORIDA WAX SCALE (Ceroplastes floridensis) - NORTH CAROLINA -
Local infestation on Ilex vomitoria in Chowan County. About two per inch
of twig. (Scott).

A SCALE (Lecanium quercifex) - MISSISSIPPI - Beginning to swell on oak
trees in Sunflower and Washington Counties. (Neel).

PUTNAM SCALE (Aspidiotus ancylus) - MARYLAND - Infesting sugar
maples at a large nursery in Howard County. (U. Md. Ent. Dept. ).

APHIDS - ARIZONA - Abundant on ornamentals in Tucson during past
two weeks. (Ariz. Coop. Rept. ).

SMALLER EUROPEAN ELM BARK BEETLE (Scolytus multistriatus) -
NEBRASKA - About 80-90 percent of elm trees of a 15-acre tract heavily
infested near Millar in Douglas County. Reported in Platte County for
first time. (Walstrom, Andersen)

ORANGE TORTRIX (Argyrotaenia citrana) - OREGON - Caused extensive
damage to 20 percent of a planting of 100 ornamental conifers at a Salem
nursery. (Bock).

A SCALE (Parlatoria proteus) - FLORIDA - Averaged 100 per leaf of: one
(a of orchids and 75 per leaf of another at Kendall, Dade County, Mar. 7.
Miles).

BULB MITE (Rhizoglyphus echinopus) - VIRGINIA - Extremely heavy in
daffodil bulbs at one location in Lancaster County. (Morris).

Correction: CEIR 6(11):226 - "Estimated losses due to forest insects,
south Arkansas, 1955" should be credited to L. O. Warren.

INSECTS AFFECTING MAN AND ANIMALS

CATTLE GRUBS - UTAH - Control common in Cache County. (Knowlton).
OKLAHOMA - Counts of Hypoderma lineatum averaged 1.2 per steer in
Osage County and 1.1 in Payne County. (Howell).

MOSQUITOES = LOUISIANA - Mosquitoes, primarily Aedes sp. increased
considerably in East and West Baton Rouge Parishes. (Oliver).

CATTLE LICE - UTAH - Spraying has increased during recent mild
weather. (Knowlton).

- 250 -

BED BUG (Cimex lectularius) - OREGON - Infestation in a dormitory in
Salem. (Capizzi).

STORED PRODUCTS INSECTS

LESSER GRAIN BORER(Rhyzopertha dominica) - OREGON - Two infesta-
tions at Harrisburg and Amity, Mar. 4and 11. (Det. M. H. Hatch).
First established inféstations for State. (Goeden, Capizzi).

STORED GRAIN INSECTS - OKLAHOMA - Of 19 bins of small grains and
soybeans checked in Craig and Ottawa Counties, two had infestations of
lesser grain borer, two had saw-toothed grain beetle, one each had
confused flour beetle and granary weevil. Only wheat and oats were in-
fested. (Coppock).

MISCELLANEOUS INSECTS

CASEMAKING CLOTHES MOTH (Tinea pellionella)-IDAHO-Recent infesta-
tions reported from house in Filer. First known record of State. (Manis),

CLOVER MITE (Bryobia praetiosa) - VIRGINIA - Emerging in large num-
bers in Warwick. (Sedivy).

EASTERN SUBTERRANEAN TERMITE (Reticulitermes flavipes) - RHODE
ISLAND - Swarming frequently and commonly now. First winged forms
seen Feb. 9. (Mathewson).

Some of the More Important Insects in 1955 - A Supplement

MISSOURI - Grasshoppers, corn flea beetles, wireworms, corn earworm,
European corn borer, cutworms, armyworms, spider mites, house fly

and termites. (Thomas).
2K KK KK 2K 2K 2K 2K OK OK KOK OK

Weather continued from p. 242

streams in the lowlands are flooding and fieldwork is halted due to wet
soils. In Florida irrigation continues in the citrus groves and truck gar-
dens where rain is needed as it also is in most States from the Continental
Divide to the Mississippi Valley. Weekly temperatures averaged below
normal except in the extreme Southwest and Southeast and in north-central
Montana where they averaged slightly above normal. Scattered light
frosts were reported in most States from Oklahoma southward and east-
ward but caused little damage. (Summary supplied by U. S. Weather
Bureau. )

SOR KK

Reports in this issue are for the week ending March 16, 1956, unless
otherwise designated.

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- 252 -
SUMMARY OF INSECT CONDITIONS - 1955
MINNESOTA
Reported by J. W. Butcher and Hart Graeber*

General Conditions in 1955

The average temperature during the growing season was higher than nor-
mal and total precipitation was below normal. Unusually warm and dry
weather prevailed during April and May. This allowed early field work
and planting of crops to progress rapidly but the soil was generally too dry
for good plant development. Warm, dry weather during June, July, and
August provided conditions favorable for rapid plant growth and early
maturity of many crops. In some areas, the hot dry weather resulted in
reduced crop yields. Warm, dry conditions extending well into October
were favorable for the harvesting of late maturing crops and enabled many
of the late-Sseason insects to successfully complete feeding and develop-
ment.

Cereal and Forage Crop Insects
EUROPEAN CORN BORER (Pyrausta nubilalis) winter mortality survey
conducted in 28 counties in the two-thirds of State in April, 1955, showed

19 percent borer mortality, compared with 25 percent mortality in the
spring of 1954. The average number of borers per 100 plants as deter-
mined by 1955 fall survey is the highest since 1949, with the worst
infestation in the southwest and south central districts. The possibility of
an increased borer population in 1956 is very good if weather conditions
are favorable during the egg-laying period. This is true especially in the
southwest and south central districts. Weather conditions during the
spring of 1955 were ideal for GRASSHOPPER egg hatch. Spring was about
three weeks earlier than normal, and the weather was warm and dry.
Surveys indicated an early egg hatch especially in sandy areas. Warm dry
weather hastened egg hatch and produced an ideal environment for sur-
vival and development of nymphs. Nearly all heavy infestations occurred
in legumes grown for hay. After cutting the legumes there were
movements into other crops. In northwestern area, up to 25 percent of
some alfalfa fields had been destroyed by August 5. Adult and egg surveys
conducted in the fall of 1955 indicate that if warm dry weather prevails in
the spring of 1956, dangerous infestations are likely to occur in much of
the State. The predominant species in 1955 were Melanoplus femur-rubrum,
M. bivittatus, M. mexicanus, M. packardii, and M. differentialis. A
close surveillance of the ARMY WORM (Pseudaletia unipuncta) was
maintained in 1955. Following the tremendous outbreak of 1854, a few
moths were captured in light traps in the northern part of the State in May,

*This report prepared with cooperation of all Office of State Entomolo-
gist, Minnesota Department of Agriculture personnel. {4 Cooperation by
personnel of University of Minnesota Department of Entomology and
Agricultural Extension; Minnesota Department of Conservation; U.S.D.A.
Plant Pest Control and United States Forest Service is gratefully
acknowledged.

- 253 -

1955. These moths apparently overwintered in the State. A few small
larvae were found in the northern counties in June and several occurrences
of a second generation were noted in July. In the east-central and south-
central districts, scattered, severe outbreaks occurred during June.
These outbreaks were usually confined to low rank reed canary or brome
grass meadows with some movement to adjacent small grain and corn
fields. Some 1100 acres were sprayed by aircraft for this pest, according
to spray operators reports. Parasitism as high as 80 percent of 4th and
5th instar larvae was observed although the average was probably much
lower than this. CORN LEAF APHID (Rhopalosiphum maidis) became
very abundant on late plantings of barley in northwestern area late in

June and early July. Some control used on heaviest infestations in
Norman, Clay and Polk Counties. Some fields were destroyed in Roseau
County. In many instances syrphid fly larvae reduced heavy populations
to non-economic level within 48 hours. As high as 50-80 percent of
plants were infested in corn in northwest district. SWEETCLOVER
WEEVIL (Sitona cylindricollis) populations were the highest in many years
in the northwestern area. Considerable damage occurred in new seedings
of sweetclover, and some damage occurred to alfalfa stands adjacent to
old sweetclover fields, and up to one per sweep was found in alfalfa in
southwest, south central and east central areas.

PLANT BUGS (Lygus sp. ) in alfalfa occurred up to five per sweep in south
central area; up to one per Sweep in southeast and west central; up to 20
per sweep in east central; and up to three per sweep in northwest area.

In alsike clover they occurred up to one per Sweep in northwest area.
ALFALFA PLANT BUG (Adelphocoris lineolatus) in alfalfa occurred up to
one per sweep in the southwest; up to four in south central; up to three
per sweep in west central and east central; and up to two per Sweep in
northwest area. It occurred up to one:per sweep in alsike clover in
northwest area. POTATO LEAFHOPPER (Empoasca fabae) occurred up
to one per sweep in alfalfa in southwest and east central areas and up to
30 per sweep in northwest area. PEA APHID (Macrosiphum pisi)
occurred in alfalfa up to 200 per sweep in southwest and southeast areas;
and up to 1000 per sweep in south central, west central, and northwest
areas; and up to six per sweep in central and east central areas. FLEA
BEETLES caused light damage to alfalfa in some fields. BLACK
BLISTER BEETLE (Epicauta pennsylvanica) was abundant generally

on alfalfa. LADY BEETLES in alfalfa averaged up to four per Sweep in
southeast and east central areas and up to 20 per sweep in south central
area. A CLOVER HEAD CATERPILLAR (probably Grapholitha inter-
stinctana) in alsike clover occurred up to one per sweep in northwest area.
VARIEGATED CUTWORM (Peridroma margaritosa) caused moderate
damage to some alsike clover fields in northwest area.

CUTWORMS were abundant and causing damage in corn in south central
and west central districts. SPOTTED CUTWORM('‘(Amathes c-nigrum)
was heavy in corn in southeast district. WIREWORMS were spotty,
causing severe damage in some corn fields in the southeast district.
CORN ROOT WEBWORM (Crambus caliginosellus) destroyed one corn
field in the central district in late June. NORTHERN CORN ROOTWORM

(Diabrotica longicornis) caused moderate damage in some corn fields in

- 204 -

south central district. STALK BORER (Papaipema nebris) caused
moderate to heavy damage to corn, especially on edges of fields in the
east central district, and was moderate to heavy in oats in southern half
of State. BILILBUGS (Calendra sp.) populations were moderate in some
fields in central district. CORN EARWORM (Heliothis zea) infested up to
60 percent of sweetcorn ears in central and south central districts.
WHEAT STEM MAGGOT (Meromyza americana) damaged 10-20 percent
stems of wheat and rye in northwest district. Light to heavy infestations
of ENGLISH GRAIN APHID were reported in small grains from all
agricultural districts during June.

Fruit Insects

In southeast and east central: CODLING MOTH (Carpocapsa pomonella)
adults emerged June 1-7; damage was severe in neglected orchards.
EUROPEAN RED MITE (Metatetranychus ulmi) and TWO-SPOTTED
SPIDER MITE (Tetranychus telarius) populations were high and damage
generally severe. APPLE MAGGOT (Rhagoletis pomonella) first
emergence was July 4; control generally successful. APPLE CURCULIO
(Tachypterellus quadrigibbus) and PLUM CURCULIO (Conotrachelus
nenuphar) emergence during blossom period (May 7) caused light damage
in commercial orchards. RED-BANDED LEAF ROLLER (Argyrotaenia
velutinana) caused moderate damage in a few orchards in southeast area.
FRUIT TREE LEAF ROLLER (Archips argyrospila) was not a serious
problem in 1955 nor was OYSTERSHELL SCALE (Lepidosaphes ulmi) a
serious problem in commercial orchards.

Truck Crop Insects

ASPARAGUS BEETLE (Crioceris asparagi) caused moderate damage to
commercial plantings in the east central districts. CUTWORMS caused
up to three percent damage in cabbage plantings in east central district.
CABBAGE MAGGOT (Hylemya brassicae) and IMPORTED CABBAGE WORM
(Pieris rapae) populations caused light damage in some commercial
plantings. High populations of CABBAGE APHID (Brevicoryne brassicae)
and GREEN PEACH APHID (Myzus persicae) stunted cabbage early in
July in east central district. CABBAGE LOOPER (Trichoplusi ni) was not
as abundant in 1955 as in 1954. High populations of PEA APHID

occurred in pea fields in all areas where peas were grown and extensive
spraying was carried out. POTATO FLEA BEETLE (Epitrix cucumeris)
damaged potatoes in east central district in late May; extensive damage
reported from northwest district, ranging up to 20 percent. COLORADO
POTATO BEETLE (Leptinotarsa decemlineata) was common on unsprayed
fields generally and damaged potatoes in east central district in May, and
severely defoliated some small plantings of tomatoes during June in the
Twin Cities area. POTATO LEAFHOPPER occurred in light traps in
southwest and east central districts on May 21, Damage became apparent
in northwest district early in August. SIX-SPOTTED LEAFHOPPER
(Macrosteles fascifrons) was not as abundant in 1955 as in 1954. Counts
in June were averaging 1 per sweep in carrots and lettuce in the Twin
Cities area with some damage reported. STRAWBERRY WEEVIL
(Anthonomus signatus) present in old renovated plantings with populations
about same as in 1954. STRAWBERRY LEAF ROLLER (Ancylus

- 255 -

comptana fragariae) generally was present in neglected fields. SPIDER
MITE populations increased over 1954 due to hot, dry weather. A
STRAWBERRY SAWF'LY (probably Empria ignota) was generally present
in old renovated plantings. CYLAMEN MITE (Steneotarsonemus pallidus)
generally infested Red Rich and Wayzata varieties of strawberries.
THRIPS were serious in neglected plantings.

Forest Insects:

FOREST TENT CATERPILLAR (Malacosoma disstria) infestation was
generally light and scattered in 1955. The heaviest defoliation occurred
along the eastern edge of Pine County with some widely scattered infesta-
tions reported in central and southern areas. Warmer than normal
temperatures during the latter part of April and early May advanced
hatching dates generally from one to two weeks earlier than normal. The
current outbreak appears to have diminished to a sub-economic level
generally, with a few scattered areas being the exception. LARCH SAW-
FLY (Pristiphora erichsonii) defoliated tamarack in many areas for the
seventh consecutive year. Results of an aerial survey, covering much of
the total tamarack in the State, indicated that the total area of defoliation
has increased over that of 1954, with about 78 percent of tamarack
exhibiting some defoliation. Tamarack mortality resulting from defolia-
tion was definitely confirmed. In general, this mortality occurred only
in stands on poor mineral soil with rocky outcroppings. JACK PINE
BUDWORM (Choristoneura pinus) caused defoliation in six areas covering
about 70, 000 acres in Beltrami, Hubbard, and Crow Wing Counties.
Results of an aerial survey indicate heavy budworm defoliation in an area
northwest of Bemidji; in an area just southeast of Park Rapids; and in an
area near Pelican Lake and Brainerd. The amount of budworm activity
during the past two years strongly indicates the beginning of a build-up.
SPRUCE BUDWORM (Choristoneura fumiferana) defoliation surveys
showed that much of the spruce-fir type was infested. A general aerial
reconnaissance showed heavy defoliation from International Falls east to
Basswood Lake along the Canadian border. Defoliation is generally light
in the remainder of the spruce-fir type. Aerial survey for VARIABLE
OAK LEAF CATERPILLAR (Heterocampa manteo) showed defoliation of
basswood, birch, elm and oak, covering Cass, Hubbard, Wadena and
large areas in Morrison, Todd, Otter Tail, Becker, Mahnomen, Clear-
water, Beltrami, Itasca, and Crow Wing Counties. Defoliation ranged
from moderate to complete in many areas. However, VARIABLE OAK
LEAF CATERPILLAR is not considered a serious threat to forested
areas at this time since outbreaks of this pest normally die out before
causing serious tree damage.

INTRODUCED PINE SAWFLY (Diprion similis) infestations on valuable
white pine stands occurred in many widely-separated locations in the east
central and central districts. Early-instar larvae were feeding on old
needles, and ovipositing adults were noted about June 1. Increased con-
trol may be necessary this next season. WALKINGSTICK (Diapheromera
femorata) was scattered throughout the State, and populations were

lower than in 19538. WALNUT CATERPILLAR (Datana integerrima)
caused heavy defoliation of walnut in southeastern area. Heavy flights

- 256 -

of Phyllophaga fusca, P. rugosa, P. tristis were noted during last of
April and feeding took place on a wide variety of broad leaf plants through-
out the State. UNICORN CATERPILLARS defoliated oak in Norman
County; FALL WEBWORM (Hyphantria cunea) was generally light; pre-
sent on many deciduous trees in southern area. EASTERN TENT CATER-
PILLAR (Malacosoma americanum) was present as small scattered
infestations. CANKERWORMS (Alsophila pometaria and Paleacrita
vernata) occurred as scattered light to moderate infestations. BROWN-
HEADED ASH SAWF'LY (Tomestethus multicinctus) caused considerable
defoliation of broad leaf trees in the Twin Cities and Sauk Centre areas.

A JACK PINE APHID (Cinara pini) high populations feeding on terminals
of young trees in Pine County. A JACK PINE EUCOSMA (Eucosma
sonomana) caused heavy terminal and lateral breakage in some stands in
mid-State. Several colonies of A JACK PINE SAWFLY (Neodiprion sp. )
noted near Park Rapids and Cass Lake; heavy defoliation on Cut Foot
Sioux Forest District in north central area. PINE SPITTLEBUG
(Aphrophora parallela) was scattered throughout jack pine areas with

high populations near Wilton. PINE TORTOISE SCALE (Toumeyella
numismaticum) was scattered throughout the jack pine areas with popula-
tions on the increase. RED-HEADED PINE SAWFLY (Neodiprion
lecontei) heavy feeding noted in Sherburne and Anoka Counties. SARATOGA
SPITTLEBUG (Aphrophora saratogensis) damage was generally light in

ot. Croix Park and in the Pike Bay Experimental Forest. A PINE LEAF
APHID (Pineus pinifoliae) caused considerable injury and some mortality
in localized areas, and occurred generally throughout white pine-spruce
areas. Heavy infestation of SAN JOSE SCALE (Aspidiotus perniciosus)
found in the village of Sanborn attacking fruit trees and some ornamentals.
Heavy infestations were present in one village of Nicollet County. Eradica-
tion measures are underway. PINE NEEDLE SCALE Rahensee ee
pinifoliae) was abundant in southern Minnesota and in the Twin Cities

area. A SPRUCE NEEDLE MINER was scattered throughout the State,
causing light damage in the Twin Cities area. EUROPEAN FRUIT
LECANIUM (Lecanium corni) infestations were heavy in Duluth, Virginia,
Hibbing, Alexandria, and the Twin Cities area. SPIDER MITES were
common on all types of nursery stock throughout State.

Insects Affecting Man and Animals
MOSQUITOES: Aedes spencerii began emerging about April 20; A.

implicatus about April 24; and A. excrucians about May 2 in Twin Cities
area. A heavy brood of Aedes vexans emerged about July 14 in same area.
CHIGGERS reported abundant throughout the State in early July.

Miscellaneous Insects

CLOVER MITE (Bryobia praetiosa) was a problem in dwellings in May.
STRAWBERRY ROOT WEEVIL (Brachyrhinus ovatus) entered dwellings
in late July throughout State. BROWN-BANDED ROACH (Supella
supellectilium) reported from Twin Cities area, indicating probable
establishment in Minnesota. A MIDGE (probably Tendipes plumosus)
abundant near Twin Cities lakes in early May. Large numbers of
Sarcophaga aldrichi (parasite of the forest tent caterpillar) present in
east central counties during late May.

- 257 -
SUMMARY OF INSECT CONDITIONS - 1955
MASSACHUSETTS

Reported by A. I. Bourne through assistance of Messrs. Becker, Shaw,
Weidhaas, Wheeler, Whitcomb.

Cereal and Forage Insects
ARMYWORM - In closing days of June reports were received of heavy

damage in fields of grass and grain from counties in Cape area and
southeastern Massachusetts and northward to Essex County in eastern
Massachusetts. Also found in Franklin County in the upper Connecticut
River Valley. Pupae were found in abundance July 6 and adults by

July 8-10. One 15-acre field of timothy was eaten down to the stubs of
grass stems. Growers were generally alerted and severe damage by
late-summer larvae was largely averted. So much damage and such
heavy attack from early-season larvae as occurred in 1955 very unusual.
CORN EARWORM (Heliothis zea) attack developed early injury in early
Sweet corn. Late attack was heavy and general. This pest seems to be
increasing steadily each season and appearing earlier. HUROPEAN
CORN BORER (Pyrausta nubilalis) showed no evidence of mortality of
overwintering larvae. Cool, wet weather through April retarded
seasonal development and wet, cold soil delayed planting of corn. Exami-
nation of fields of early sweet corn revealed very few egg masses. In
general, the first brood damage was comparatively light but second
brood was heavy and general.

Vegetable Pests
APHIDS attack was general and heavy locally in early and midsummer.

ASPARAGUS BEETLES were comparatively light, generally. CUTWORM
attack was normal. CABBAGE MAGGOT (Hylemya brassicae) eggs in
Amherst area recorded May 3. A heavy attack developed generally.
CABBAGE WORMS were about normal in early season but larvae were
very abundant generally toward late summer. Growers complained of
difficulty in securing control of both species. LEAF MINER eggs found
on overwintered spinach in northeastern area in early May. A heavy
attack developed generally over State. Pest was unusually abundant.
SEED-CORN MAGGOT (Hylemya cilicrura) attack was quite general and
heavy. Cold spring weather and early rains seemed to favor attack.
STALK BORERS appeared to be more abundant than normal on garden
plants and many complaints were made of attack in tobacco fields, on
plants in the marginal rows. GREEN CLOVERWORM (Plathypena scabra)
was very abundant in some fields and caused severe damage in local
areas. FLEA BEETLES attack was normal and general. MEXICAN BEAN
BEETLE (Epilachna varivestis) was light generally, moderate to heavy
locally. STRIPED CUCUMBER BEETLE (Acalymma vittata) attack was
light to moderate locally and lighter and later than in many years.

ONION MAGGOT (Hylemya antiqua) attack was normal. ONION THRIPS
(Thrips tabaci) was generally lighter than normal. JAPANESE BEETLES
(Popillia japonica) was very abundant generally.

- 258 -

Pests of Shade Trees and Ornamentals.

GYPSY MOTH (Porthetria dispar) occurred throughout the Connecticut
Valley area. Shad bush was opening into bloom April 28 - May 1. This
date has long been correlated with hatching of gypsy moth eggs. SPRUCE
MITES were very heavy and general in the Connecticut Valley, developing
about mid-May. PINE NEEDLE SCALE (Phenacaspis pinifoliae) first
generation appeared in Amherst and vicinity May 15-17. Normally
abundant. BIRCH LEAF MINER (Fenusa pusilla) was normally abundant
generally. First brood caused very noticeable damage and second brood
proved equally large. A heavy attack of PINE LOOPERS developed in
Cape Cod area. Hatching reported June 16-17. Reports received of
clouds of adults. A TAXUS MEALYBUG (Pseudococcus cuspidatae) was
discovered in a park in the city of Northampton about mid-June. When
brought to attention the attack was at least in its second successive
year. Terminal growth of many specimens of yew in the park were
encrusted with the mealybugs one or two layers deep. One thorough ap-
plication of insecticide eliminated the infestation. FALL WEBWORM
(Hyphantria cunea) was comparatively light throughout the State.

General Insecis

MANTIDS - Again quite abundant generally throughout the State. Seems
to be present in great abundance for last 2 or 3 years. TARNISHED
PLANT BUG (Lygus lineolaris) was very abundant all season and over
State, found on vegetable, field and forage crops and many ornamentals.
HARWIGS were again abundant in area of infestation and have spread
along north shore into Essex County and are working inland for several
miles from the shore line. EUROPEAN HORNET (Vespa crabro
germana) was collected from several points in Connecticut Valley.
Reports from Willimansett, Springfield in Hampden County and Hatfield
in Hampshire County indicate the insect is well established and spreading
up the valley. This is believed to be the first record of the species in
the State. TERMITES were unusually abundant all season. SPRING-
TAILS (Achorutes spp. ) were unusually abundant during early March.
One report stated they covered the snow over some five or six acres. In
another area they were clustered in numbers on rock out-croppings.
OLD HOUSE BORER (Hylotrupes bajulus) infestation of several years
standing in one of the old historic buildings on the ground of the Eastern
States Exposition was so widespread that many of the supporting timbers
and structural woodwork were so seriously weakened that the building
was found unsafe for public use andjwas later taken down and removed
from the grounds. Each year several reports of damage by these beetles
have been received from all parts of the State.

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AGRICULTURAL RESEARCH SERVICE

PLANT PEST CONTROL BRANCH

ECONOMIC INSECT SURVEY SECTION

The Cooperative Economic Insect Report is
Issued weekly as a service to American Agrl-
culture. Its contentsare compiled from informa-
tion supplied by cooperating State, Federal, and
industrial entomologists and other agricultural
workers. In releasing this material the Branch
serves as a Clearing house and does not assume

responsibility for accuracy of the material.

Reports and inquiries pertaining to this release
should be mailed to:

Economic Insect Survey Section
Plant Pest Control Branch
Agricultural Research Service
United States Department of Agriculture
Washington 25, D. C.

Volume 6 March 30, 1956 No. 13
COO MIRAI 1 COIN OIMONG | LIN S18, Cal 1s98; Ogee

Highlights of Insect Conditions

ARMYWORM moth flights heavy in some Texas areas. (p.264 ). Heavy
populations of PEA APHID causing considerable injury to alfalfa in
southwestern Missouri counties. (p. 264). Also moderate to heavy in
legumes in Louisiana and attacking alfalfa and vetch most severely.

(p. 264 ).

BOLL WEEVIL survival higher than last year in Mississippi. (p. 270).

nes to SUGARCANE BORER was 18 percent in Louisiana in 1955.
(p. Ne

POTATO LEAFHOPPER appearance by states in 1955. (p. 265 ).

Distribution of THREE CORN ROOTWORMS (Map). (p. 263 ). SUMMARY
OF INSECT CONDITIONS, Vermont (p. 273 ), Wisconsin (p. 274 ).

LIGHT TRAP collections. (p. 272 ).

First Reported Records of Season (by areas)

- Recently an entomologist in a northern State asked that his thanks be
conveyed to fellow entomologists in the southern area for supplying early
seasonal records. The information was very valuable to his associates
and him, he stated. As inthe past, these early reports will be assembled
during the spring months and included in the CEIR. Observations on
early insect activity, especially on some of the more important migratory
species such as armyworm and potato leafhopper, will be appreciated.
Records for this week are shown below.

ALFALFA WEEVIL emerging in Nevada, Mar. 17; adults andlarvae taken
Gloucester County, Virginia, Mar. 21. First TARNISHED PLANT BUGS
in Illinois, Mar. 20 in Carbondale area and in Vincennes, Indiana area
Mar. 19. Stink bugs also found in Vincennes area. GREEN PEACH
APHID eggs hatching Mar. 17, in Washington. First adult PLUM CUR-
CULIO, Mar. 15 in Georgia. EASTERN TENT CATERPILLAR hatching
on apples, Richmond, Va., Mar. 12.

SOAR AA KE KK

Reports in this issue are for the week ending March 23, 1956, unless
otherwise designated.

- 260 -

WEATHER FOR THE WEEK ENDING MARCH 26, 1956

Mild, springlike weather prevailed over the western part of the Nation,
while eastward from the Plains States temperatures averaged below
normal and winter conditions continued. For the second consecutive
week snows fell in the Northeast from the Great Lakes Region through
New England. The first disturbance, developing in the Central Plains
on March 22, deposited snowfalls from 1-3 inches in Minnesota, 5-7
inches in parts of Wisconsin, Michigan, and in interior New York, and
up to 10 inches in portions of New England before dissipating Saturday
night. Additional, but lighter snows, beginning Sunday over the
Appalachians from West Virginia to New York, extended into southern
New England by Monday. High pressures which dominated the eastern
part of the country most of the week were accompanied by freezing
temperatures which extended well into the South on several days.
Considerable frost damage to peach and other fruit blooms was reported
in Alabama, Georgia, North and South Carolina, and to truck crops in
northern Florida. overage weekly temperature Geparted from normal
by as much as +169 at Pocatello, Idaho, and +15~ at Miles City, Montana,
in contrast to ala at Syracuse and Albany, New York, and -13~ at
Savannah, Georgia. On March 24 Salt Lake City Airport, Utah recorded
a new high of 78Y for that station for the month. On the same day, the
stations at Billings, Montana, Casper, Wyoming, Prescott and Tucson,
Arizona, also recorded the highest temperature for so early in the
season.

On March 21, a squall line moved through kicking up dust in the West,
dumping heavy hail in parts of the Rio Grande Valley and triggering
several tornadoes along the Coastal bend and in Central areas. Heavy

to moderate rains fell over areas of Louisiana, Arkansas, and Oklahoma
as the front progressed. Weekly precipitation amounts were also moderate
to heavy along the Atlantic Coast from New Jersey to southern Maine, the |
Pacific Coast from central Oregon through Washington, and in a few
isolated areas. Little or no measureable precipitation fell in the South-
west, the Western Great Plains, or the extreme Southeast. Rain is
needed badly in Florida, southern California and in the Plains States as
far eastward as the Mississippi Valley, and minor duststorms were
reported in Nebraska, Kansas and Oklahoma. Near record snow depths
for this time of the year still cover most of New England, while in the
West continued warming has decreased depths considerably, except at
higher elevations. North Dakota reports nearly all snow gone in the

south and west, and ice moving out of smaller streams. The greatest
snow depth reported for lower elevations is now 28 inches at Rumford,
Maine. Snow depths for stations at higher elevations are 373 and 275
inches in Washington at Paradise Ranger Station and Mount Baker Lodge
respectively, 96 at Twin Lakes, California, 167 at Crater Lake, Oregon,
43 at Greenville, Maine, 34 at Bethlehem, New Hampshire and 21 inches
at Lake Placid, New York, (Summary Supplied by U. S. Weather Bureau).

- 261 -
CEREAL AND FORAGE INSECTS

GREENBUG (Toxoptera graminum) - KANSAS - None found on wheat or
barley in the following counties: Hodgeman, Pawnee, Barton, Rice,
McPherson, Marion, Geary, Riley, Clay, Cloud, Ottawa, Chase, Lyon
and Wabaunsee. (Frazier, Matthew). OKLAHOMA - Damage in
occasional fields in Oklahoma, Lincoln, Pottawatomie, Cleveland,
McClain, Grady, Caddo and Canadian Counties. Counts of 3, 000 to 5, 000
per linear foot of row in one or two fields in Cleveland and Caddo
Counties. No greenbugs in northwestern areas. (Frazier, March 17).
Eight of 11 fields examined in Kiowa County were infested with popula-
tions in two fields heavy. (Hudson). Heavy populations in some oat
fields in McClain County, damage slight. (Coppock). TEXAS - Heavy
damage in one field of oats near Terrell. (Randolph). Heavy widespread
populations on small grain in Van Zandt County. All fields highly
parasitized. Light widespread populations on small grain in Kaufman
County. (Hawkins). ARKANSAS - Infestations on small grain as far
east as Lincoln County. No general infestations of economic proportions.
(Warren). LOUISIANA - Populations light in oats and barley over State.
Predators and parasites keeping infestations down. (Oliver).

ENGLISH GRAIN APHID (Macrosiphum granarium) - ARIZONA - Economic
infestation on 75 acres of barley south of Eloy, Pinal County, March 18.

(Ariz. Coop. Rept. ).

APPLE GRAIN APHID (Rhopalosiphum fitchii) - FLORIDA - Nymphs and
adults averaging 4 per 50 sweeps on oats at Gainesville, Alachua County.
(Mead).

APHIDS - MISSOURI - No evidence of greenbug or English grain aphid
found on wheat or barley in southwest quarter of State. (Kyd, Thomas).
GEORGIA- Heavily infesting alfalfa in Putnam and Oconee Counties.
‘(Johnson). SOUTH CAROLINA - Heavy infestations killing grain on
approximately 20 acres of oats in Laurens County. (Nettles).

CHINCH BUG (Blissus leucopterus) - ILLINOIS - Rechecks of 10 survey
stops revealed only 65 to 70 percent as many live bugs per square foot
as in November, 1955. (Petty et al.).

LEAFHOPPERS - TEXAS - Heavy local populations on irrigated oats in
Blanco County. (Patterson).

BROWN WHEAT MITE (Petrobia latens) - UTAH - Began hatching in Salt
Lake Valley March 16-19. Local populations still small. (Lieberman).
KANSAS - Heavy populations in wheat fields of Meade, Seward and
Stevens Counties. Some fields averaged 300 to 500 mites per linear foot.
(DePew). Light to moderate infestations ranging from 5 to 100 per
linear foot in Hodgeman, Pawnee, Barton, Rice, McPherson and Marion
Counties. (Frazier). OKLAHOMA - Light populations averaging 100 to
250 per linear foot of drill row in Caddo County. Populations heavy or

- 262 -

severe from Dewey Ccunty west through panhandle area. Thirty-five

of 45 wheat fields inspected were infested with populations from 200 to
2,000 per linear foot. (Frazier, March 17). Populations of over 100
per linear foot common in Logan and Kingfisher Counties with slightly
lower populations in Canadian County. Heavy populations from a field of
volunteer wheat in Carter County. (Coppock).

WINTER GRAIN MITE (Penthaleus major) - MISSOURI - Very light
numbers present in small grains over southwest area. Counts averaged
0.5 per foot of barley. (Kyd, Thomas).

CORN LEAF APHID (Rhopalosiphum maidis) - TEXAS - Light, widespread
populations on barley in Kaufman County. (Hawkins).

FALL ARMY WORM (Laphygqma frugiperda) - TEXAS - Medium to heavy
populations feeding in the bud of sweet corn. (Wene, Deer).

EUROPEAN CORN BORER (Pyrausta nubilalis) - SOUTH DAKOTA -
Surveys in east-central counties indicate mortality of 34 percent in
fields. This figure 9 percent higher than same period of 1955. (Hants-
barger). ILLINOIS - Sixty to 75 percent of borers were living in stalk
fields. This compares with 70 to 80 percent one year ago. (Petty et al. ).

CORN FLEA BEETLE (Chaetocnema pulicaria) - ILLINOIS - A few,
10-90 per 100 sweeps in sixof 15 grass fields examined. (Petty etal.).

CUTWORMS - MISSISSIPPI - Forty-seven Agrotis qladiaria larvae
collected in fields, March 14, in Oktibbeha County. (Hutchins).
TEXAS - Heavy, widespread populations destroying seedling grain sor-
ghum in San Patricio County. (Pawlik).

FALSE WIRE WORMS (Eleodes spp.) - KANSAS - Populations of 2 larvae
per linear foot in wheat fields in Barton and Rice Counties. (Gates,
Frazier).

SUGARCANE BORER (Diatraea saccharalis) - LOUISIANA - The borer
infestation in Louisiana's 1955 sugarcane crop averaged 24 percent of the
joints bored. The crop loss is estimated to be three-fourths of this per-
centage, or 18 percent. As the sugarcane crop in the State had a value
of about $40 million, the monetary loss amounted to approximately

$7 million. In 1954, 20 percent of the joints were bored, in 1953 and
1952 the percentage was 28, and the average for the last 21 years was

16 percent. The 1955 infestation was surprisingly high in view of its
slow development in,the spring. (C. & F. Ins. Sect. ).

SOUTHWESTERN CORN BORER (Zeadiatraea grandiosella) - ARKANSAS
Infestations are light, but survival approaches 100 percent in many
fields. (Warren).

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- 264 -

ARMY WORM (Pseudaletia unipuncta) - MISSISSIPPI - Two larvae col-
lected in fields Oktibbeha County, March 14. (Hutchins). ARKANSAS -
Third and fourth instar larvae collected from grasses in Boone County,
March 8. Additional larvae found in Washington County. (Warren).
LOUISIANA - Populations remain light and scattered over northern area
with three of 16 fields examined in Bossier, Caddo and Claiborne

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ARMY CUTWORM (Chorizagrotis auxiliaris) - NEBRASKA - Ranging
from 2-3 per square foot in alfalfa and wheat fields in Republican Valley.
(Andersen). KANSAS - In Saline County, six wheat fields showed counts
of 1-4 larvae per linear foot of drill row. Very few larvae in wheat
fields of Dickinson County. Alfalfa fields in Saline and Dickinson Counties
had populations of less than 1 larva per square foot. (Burkhardt).

In Hodgeman County, only occasional larva; Pawnee County, few larvae,
slight feeding noticeable; Barton and Rice Counties, 1 larva per linear
foot; McPherson County, 2-4 larvae per linear foot in field margins and
5 per square yard in fields; Marion County, 1 larva per linear foot in
field margins and 3 per square yard in fields. (Frazier). In Geary,
Riley, and Clay Counties, 0.5 to 1 per linear foot in field margins and

2 to 5 per square yard in fields. Little feeding injury observed.
(Matthew). OKLAHOMA - Very light general infestations found in Texas
and Beaver Counties. Populations generally averaged less than 0.5 per
square foot. Twenty-five fields examined in Harper, Woodward, Major,
Blaine and Kingfisher Counties showed an average of one or more larvae
per square foot. Damage was severe in local isolated areas. Thirty five
wheat and alfalfa fields surveyed in central areas showed generally less
than one larva per square foot, (Frazier, March 17). Active in small
grains in western part of the State. Damage slight to moderate in most
areas. Also damaging alfalfa in Noble and Logan Counties. (Flora,
Latham, Hudson, Owens, Coppock).

PEA APHID (Macrosiphum pisi) - OKLAHOMA,- Occurring on alfalfa
with the spotted alfalfa aphid in Garvin County. (Coppock). TEXAS -
Light local populations, 1 per sweep, on oats and vetch in Kaufman
County. (Hawkins, Randolph). LOUISIANA - Populations are moderate
to heavy in legumes over State, attacking alfalfa and vetch most severely.

- 265 -

(Oliver). MISSOURI - Heavy populations causing considerable injury to
alfalfa in extreme southwestern counties. Field counts average from
100 to 350 per crown in Jasper, Newton, McDonald, Barry, Stone and
Lawrence Counties. Counts of 25 to 100 per crown were found in
scattered fields of Christian, Greene, Polk, Barton, Vernon, Bates and
Pettis Counties. In the area of heavy infestation, seedling stands appear

to be as heavily infested as established stands. (Kyd, Thomas).
VIRGINIA - Populations light on alfalfa in Gloucester, Spotsylvania,
Hanover and Fauquier Counties. (Rowell, Muka). Also light in Amelia
(Holmes) and Nottoway Counties (Cassell).

CORN EARWORM (Heliothis zea) - LOUISIANA - Infesting 280 acres of
white clover at 2-7 per 100 sweeps. In Jefferson Davis Parish, twelve

per 100 sweeps on sweetclover in Plaquemines Parish. (Oliver).
TEXAS - Feeding in bud of sweet corn in Rio Grande Valley. (Wene,

Deer).

BLACK CUTWORM (Agrotis ypsilon) - NEVADA - Larvae one-fourth to
one-half grown damaging alfalfa fields in Lyon County. Infestations

range up to 18 per square yard, March 17. (Gallaway).

DINGY CUTWORM (Feltia subgothica) - MISSOURI - Larvae up to one-
half grown averaged approximately one per crown of alfalfa in grassy

fields of the southwest area. (Kyd, Thomas).

VARIEGATED CUTWORM (Peridroma margaritosa) - LOUISIANA -
Infesting white and crimson clover in Washington Parish at about 1 per

10 square feet. (Oliver).

POTATO LEAFHOPPER (Empoasca fabae) - First reported appearance
by states - 1955.

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- 266 -

THREE-CORNERED ALFALFA HOPPER (Spissistilus festinus) -_
LOUISIANA - Infesting alfalfa at 4 per 100 sweeps in Natchitoches Parish.
(Oliver). ;

TARNISHED PLANT BUG (Lygus lineolaris) - NEBRASKA - Emerging
from hibernation. Populations light and widespread in the Republican
Valley. (Andersen). LOUISIANA - Populations on the increase in
alfalfa in Caddo, Bossier and Natchitoches Parishes with 4-16 per 100
sweeps, some being in the nymphal stage. (Oliver). ILLINOIS - Adult
population in southern forage crop fields ranged from 0.1 to 0.5 per
square foot. (Petty et al. ).

SWEETCLOVER WEEVIL (Sitona cylindricollis) - NEBRASKA - Emerging
from hibernation. Population very light in alfalfa fields in the Republican
Valley area. (Andersen).

SOUTHERN CORN ROOTWORM (Diabrotica undecimpunctata howardi) -
LOUISIANA - Found in alfalfa at 16 per 100 sweeps in Caddo Parish and
6 per 100 sweeps in Natchitoches and Red River Parishes. (Oliver).

CLOVERWORMS (Plathypena scabra and Autographa biloba) - LOUISIANA
Infesting clover at 5 per 100 sweeps in Washington Parish, 12 per 100
sweeps in Tangipahoa Parish, 23 per 100 sweeps of alfalfa in Natchitoches
Parish and 12 per 100 sweeps of alfalfa in Rapides Parish. (Oliver).

SPOTTED ALFALFA APHID - CALIFORNIA - Light in San Bernardino
County. No damage yet in Kings County. (Calif. Coop. Rept. ).

ARIZONA - Populations apparently much lower than last year at this time.
South of Eloy, 60 acres had economic infestations and 340 acres had light
infestations March 18. Sweepings in Safford showed very light population,
10 per 100 sweeps, and Patagonia sweepings showed moderate infestation,
3-5 per sweep. Spot-checks in Greenlee, Graham, Cochise, Santa Cruz
and Pima counties showed no aphids in most fields. (Ariz. Coop. Rept. ).
NEBRASKA - No aphids found in Republican Valley this past week.
(Andersen). KANSAS - Three wingless adults and several small nymphs
found in one small alfalfa field of central Wabaunsee County. ‘This is
first reported occurrence this far north since early January. Nowhere a
problem at present. (Matthew). OKLAHOMA - Light local infestations
in Oklahoma, Lincoln and Canadian Counties. Severe damage to stands

of alfalfa in Pottawatomie, Cleveland, McClain, Grady and Caddo
Counties, March 17. (Frazier). Heavy to severe damage to alfalfa in
Garvin, McClain, Cleveland, and part of Grady Counties. Portions of
many fields destroyed. Surrounding counties have heavy aphid infesta-
tions. (Flora, Bower, Rogers, Coppock). TEXAS - Heavy and
widespread on alfalfa in Brazos and Burleson Counties, causing extremely
heavy damage. (Randolph). ARKANSAS - Infestations remained low past
3 weeks. Weather conditions have prevented buildup of economic infes-
tations. (Warren). LOUISIANA - Populations have increased considerably
in alfalfa in Caddo, Bossier, Natchitoches and Red River Parishes.
Tremendous populations of lady beetles, (primarily Hippodamia
convergens), exist in the same alfalfa fields. (Oliver). MISSOURI -

- 267 -

Very light numbers, 1 to 4 per crown, present in most alfalfa fields of
Barton, Jasper, Newton, McDonald, Barry, Lawrence, Dade, Polk,
Greene, Christian and Stone Counties. Very few adult aphids found.
Seedling alfalfa apparently clean of infestations. (Kyd, Thomas).

CLOVER ROOT CURCULIO (Sitona hispidula) - MISSOURI - Adults,
1 to 3 per square foot, beginning to appear in established fields of
alfalfa in southwest area. (Kyd, Thomas).

CLOVER LEAF WEEVIL (Hypera punctata) - MISSOURI - Injury becoming
evident on red clover and alfalfa although larvae number less than last
year. Counts averaged 1-42 per crown of red clover in west central
area and 2-3 per crown of alfalfa in southwest area. Larvae range up
to one-half grown. (Kyd, Thomas). LOUISIANA - Heavy populations of
20 per square foot in burclover and crimson clover in several areas of
Concordia Parish. Populations of 3-5 per square foot of crimson clover
in Washington and Tangipahoa Parishes. (Oliver). ILLINOIS - Larval
population averaged 22.8 per square foot in southeast Illinois, 4.4 in
east northeast, 8.3 in southwest, and 1.67 in west southwest.

(Petty et al.). NORTH CAROLINA - Local infestation in Surry County
lightly damaging alfalfa. (Jones). VIRGINIA - Light to medium in
alfalfa fields in Amelia County. (Holmes).

ALFALFA WEEVIL (Hypera postica) - NEVADA - Adults emerging from
hibernation and becoming active with warm weather, Marcl: 17.
(Gallaway). UTAH - Survival appears to be high at Logan. (Knowlton).
VIRGINIA - Adults and first-instar larvae light in Gloucester County.
(Muka, Rowell). Adults active in Amelia County. (Holmes).

CLOVER MITE (Bryobia praetiosa) - MISSISSIPPI - Causing severe
damage to clover ina 125 acre pasture in Hancock County. (Lee).

FRUIT INSECTS

CATFACING INSECTS - ILLINOIS - First tarnished plant bug jarred,
March 20, from 5 trees in an uncared-for orchard in the Carbondale area.
(Chandler). INDIANA - In one orchard in the Vincennes area two
tarnished plant bugs were taken and in another two stink bugs were found,
March 19. (Hamilton).

GREEN PEACH APHID (Myzus persicae) - WASHINGTON - Eggs began
hatching on peach at Parker about March 17, and 10 percent hatched by
March 19. This is the latest hatching observed for past 7 years. Eggs
moderately abundant. (Landis).

PLUM CURCULIO (Conotrachelus nenuphar) - GEORGIA - First adult
of season jarred from a peach tree, March 13. This was a female with
egg formation well under way. Although peach trees jarred from
February 20 to March 13 and weather conditions have been favorable

this was the only specimen found. ‘The indication to date is that the

- 268 -

infestation will be very light this year as a result of light over-wintered
population in the spring of 1955 and the complete absence of a peach crop
last year. (Johnson). TEXAS - Heavy local populations on plums in
Houston County. (Nix).

WESTERN PEACH TREE BORER (Sanninoidea exitiosa graefi) -
CALIFORNIA - Severe on flowering dwarf peach trees in Alameda County.
(Cal. Coop. Rept.). WHITE PEACH SCALE (Pseudaulacaspis pentagona)
NORTH CAROLINA - Moderate infestation in a peach orchard in Guilford
County. (Jones). FLORIDA - Eggs and adults averaging 30 per square
inch of mango bark in Volusia County. (Roberts, Mar. 15).

PECAN NUT CASEBEARER (Acrobasis caryae) - OKLAHOMA - Fol-
lowing counties surveyed: Cleveland, Garvin, Carter, Love, Marshall,
Johnston, Pontotoc, Seminole, Okfuskee and Lincoln. A total of 2900
pecan tips (end 6 inches of branches) checked. Average infestation was
0.6 percent with Garvin County showing the highest infestation, 1.4
percent. (Bieberdorf, Coppock).

PECAN WEEVIL (Curculio caryae) - OKLAHOMA - A few live larvae in
pecans on ground in an orchard in Okfuskee County, March 22. (Coppock).

TRUCK CROP INSECTS

CABBAGE APHID (Brevicoryne brassicae) - GEORGIA - Heavily infest-
ing cabbage in Thomas County, light in Colquitt and Lowndes Counties.
(Johnson). SOUTH CAROLINA - Light to moderate in most commercial
spring cabbage plantings in Charleston area. Control used in some
cases. Natural enemies holding pest in check in two plantings.
(Cuthbert, Reid, Feb. 23).

CABBAGE LOOPER (Trichoplusia ni) - TEXAS - Major problem in cab-
bage fields in Rio Grande Valley. (Wene, Deer). FLORIDA - One larva
found on tobacco at Quincy. (Tappan).

IMPORTED CABBAGE WORM (Pieris rapae) - GEORGIA - Heavy on
cabbage in Colquitt County, light in Lowndes and Coffee Counties.
(Johnson).

SEED-CORN MAGGOT (Hylemya cilicrura) - SOUTH CAROLINA -
Destroying seeds of snap beans in Jasper County. Heavy infestation on
soil with vegetables turned under. (Tate, March 15).

MELONWORM (Diaphania hyalinata) - TEXAS - Damaged few fields of
cantaloups in Rio Grande Valley. (Wene, Deer).

APHIDS - TEXAS - Spotted heavy in some cantaloup fields and problem
in many cabbage fields in Rio Grande Valley. (Wene, Deer).

- 269 -

LEAFHOPPERS - Problem in practically all cantaloup fields in Rio
Grande Valley. (Wene, Deer).

POTATO PSYLLID (Paratrioza cockerelli) - TEXAS - Destructive num-
bers in one field of potatoes in Rio Grande Valley. (Wene, Deer).

GARDEN FLEAHOPPER (Halticus bracteatus) - FLORIDA - Adults
averaging 1-5 per leaf on Irish potato, Indian River County, March 12.
(Burnett).

TOMATO FRUITWORM (Heliothis zea) - TEXAS - Damage in many fields
of tomatoes in Rio Grande Valley. (Wene, Deer).

STINK BUGS - TEXAS - Damaging many tomato fields in Rio Grande
Valley. (Wene, Deer).

ONION THRIPS (Thrips tabaci) - GEORGIA - Heavily infesting onions in
Coffee County. (Johnson).

SPIDER MITES (Tetranychus spp. ) - LOUISIANA -Populations of T.
lobosus and T. desertorum on strawberries increased considerably,
Tangipahoa Parish. (Oliver).

FIELD CRICKET (Acheta assimilis) - LOUISIANA - Feeding on ripe
Strawberry fruits causing a considerable amount of culls in Tangipahoa
Parish. (Oliver).

RASPBERRY ROOT BORER (Bembecia marginata) - PENNSYLVANIA -
In roots of raspberry, Erie County, March 4. (Adams).

GREEN PEACH APHID (Myzus persicae) - FLORIDA - Nymphs and
adults averaging 100 per leaf of tobacco at Quincy, March 15. (Tappan).
LOUISIANA - Infesting about 20 acres of beets in Rapides Parish,
averaging about 6 per plant. (Oliver).

APHIDS - GEORGIA - Light to moderate on tobacco plant beds in Lanier
County, light in Lowndes County. (Johnson).

TOBACCO FLEA BEETLE (Epitrix hirtipennis) - GEORGIA - Heavy on
tobacco beds in Colquitt and Thomas Counties, moderate to heavy in
Worth County, light to moderate Tift, Coffee and Treutlen Counties and
light in Lowndes County. (Johnson).

VEGETABLE WEEVIL (Listroderes costirostris obliquus) - GEORGIA -
Heavy infestations on tobacco beds in Colquitt and Thomas Counties,
moderate to heavy in Worth County, light to moderate in Tift, Coffee and
Treutlen Counties and light in Lowndes County. (Johnson). Larvae and
adults heavily infesting cabbage, English peas and turnips in Crawford
County. (Harvey). FLORIDA - Larvae averaging 2 per plant on tobacco
at Quincy. About 50-60 plants per bed infested. (Tappan, March 15).
ALABAMA - Unusually heavy in southern area. (Owen).

- 270 -
COTTON INSECTS

Examinations of 100 woods trash samples from Washington County,

2/27 - 3/18, Showed an average of 2178 live weevils per acre. This com-
pares with an average of 1646 found in 50 samples in spring, 1955.
Number per point ranged from 0-12,3824. An average of 748 live weevils
per acre were found in 166 samples collected in 10 other counties. In
five hill counties, 66 samples showed an average of 1065 weevils per
acre. An average of 1355 weevils per acre were found in 200 samples
from six delta counties. Survival from comparable points ranged from
6.25 to 100 percent and averaged 33.33. (Merkl, Furr, Watkins,

King et al. ).

PINK BOLLWORM (Pectinophora gossypiella) - TEXAS - Results of
inspections in 88 counties in eastern third of State are favorable
compared with last season. In 1955 surviving pink bollworms found at
average rate of 165 per acre compared with 26 for 1956; surviving larvae
per 100 bolls in 1955 were 7.25 compared with 4.59 in 1956. The more
general decreases are being found in central counties and in counties of
Brazos and Colorado River Valleys where heavy increases were found in
1955. Some increase found in counties in north central part of State.
(Pink Bollworm Control Project).

CUTWORMS - TEXAS - Continue to be principal cotton insect problem in
the Lower Rio Grande Valley. Infestations spotted but severe. (Deer).

SPIDER MITES - TEXAS - Three infestations in seedling cotton, one
north of Raymondville and two near Rio Hondo, in Lower Rio Grande
Valley. (Deer).

FOREST, ORNAMENTAL AND SHADE TREE INSECTS

APHIDS (Cinara sp.) - ALABAMA - Attacking pine trees in several
localities in southern area. (Good).

PALES WEEVIL (Hylobius pales) - GEORGIA - Destroyed 30-40 young
pines in yard in Worth County. (Johnson).

JUNIPER SCALE (Diaspis carueli) - PENNSYLVANIA - Severe infesta-
tion on ornamental planting of juniper, Greene County. (Udine).

EASTERN TENT CATERPILLAR (Malacosoma americanum) - VIRGINIA
Hatching on flowering crab apples at Richmond, week of March 12.
Infestations light. (Morris).

COTTONY-CUSHION SCALE (Icerya purchasi) - SOUTH CAROLINA -
Found in great numbers on boxwood at Greenwood. (Nettles).

- 271 -
INSECTS AFFECTING MAN AND ANIMALS

CATTLE LICE - UTAH - Very severe in Wasatch County in most herds
untreated last fall. (Daniels, Knowlton).

Of 111 head of beef cattle (10 herds) 57 percent infested. Of 81 head of
dairy cattle (9 herds) and 106 beef cattle (10 herds) no mange lesions
found. Of the 81 dairy cattle (13 herds) 10 percent had cattle grubs
averaging 0.9 per animal. Of the 115-beef cattle (10 herds) 59 percent
had grubs with an average of 3.9 per animal. (Petty et al.).

HOG LOUSE (Haematopinus suis) - UTAH - Severely infesting hogs locally
in Cache County. (Knowlton).

LONE STAR TICK (Amblyomma americanum) - ARKANSAS - Fully
engorged females collected from cattle in northwestern area, week of
March 5. (Warren).

HOUSE FLIES - ARIZONA - Fly, mainly Musca domestica, population
indices of two small towns in southeastern Maricopa and northwest Pinal
Counties: average of five highest grill counts in 9 blocks for March 4-10:
bomos March I= 30n4s (Ariz. (Coop. Repti.):

STORED PRODUCTS INSECTS

A TINEID - OREGON - Found infesting several hundred pounds of cotton-
seed at a feed mill in Portland, March 9. (Capizzi).

MISCELLANEOUS INSECTS

STONEF LIES - INDIANA - The greatest abundance of reports of this
species in 45 years in the Lafayette area. Frequently buildings were
covered with the adults. (Davis).

BOXELDER BUG (Leptocoris trivittatus) - INDIANA - Annoying in houses
throughout the State. (Davis).

TERMITES - VIRGINIA - Flights observed in many parts of State.
(Morris).

ADDITIONAL NOTES

DELAWARE - ALFALFA WEEVIL - Adults feeding late February or early
March on new alfalfa at Bombay Hook and Summit Bridge. Feeding, egg
laying and hatching retarded by weather. CLOVER LEAF WEEVIL -
Larvae active on new alfalfa and red clover generally, March 22. APPLE
GRAIN Shoe - Hatching on apple at Bridgeville, March 15. Numerous.
(Stearns

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- 273 -
SUMMARY OF INSECT CONDITIONS - 1955

VERMONT
Reported by J. W. Scott

General Insects

MEADOW SPITTLEBUG (Philaenus leucophthalmus) was common in
grasses throughout the State. One test in birdsfoot trefoil seed
production showed an increase of 15 pounds of seed where spittlebug
was controlled. MEXICAN BEAN BEETLE (Epilachna varivestis) was
of a fairly high population. GRASSHOPPERS (Melanoplus spp.) were
reported causing considerable damage in Windham County. A PRAYING
MANTIS (probably Mantis religiosa) was abundant in many parts of the
State. JAPANESE BEETLE (Popillia japonica) trap surveys indicate
more extensive spread in Burlington area and a small infestation in
Barre.

Forest Insects

FOREST TENT CATERPILLAR (Malacosoma disstria) population was
reduced to very low level with no noticeable damage. GYPSY MOTH
(Porthetria dispar)- Disease and unfavorable spring weather reduced
this insect on easterly side of State, but more recent infestations in
the southwesterly part of State caused noticeable defoliation in 8, 875
acres. SATIN MOTH (Stilpnotia salicis) continued to cause defoliation
at widely scattered points. EASTERN TENT CATERPILLAR (Malacosoma
americanum) was abundant in some areas but its development was
retarded. MAPLE LEAF CUTTER (Paraclemensia acerifoliella) was
heavy in many maple stands but apparently did not interfere with tree
growth, PINE LEAF APHID - Heavy flights appeared state-wide in
spring. BEECH SCALE is firmly established in parts of the Green
Mountain National Forest. BIRCH LEAF MINER (Fenusa pusilla)
reached moderate to heavy proportions mostly in gray birch and
ornamentals. WHITE PINE WEEVIL (Pissodes strobi) continues to
hamper prospective white pine quality.

Insects Affecting Man and Animals

Mosquitoes (Aedes spp. )- Spring flood mosquito broods were heavy as
a result of warm weather and high water. Heavy rains in August
produced a smaller brood of floodwater Aedes vexans and A. sticticus
in late August. HORN FLY (Siphona irritans), STABLE FLY (Stomoxys
calcitrans), HORSE FLIES (Tabanus spp.) and HOUSE FLY (Musca
domestica) were present in large numbers as a result of hot weather.

- 274 -

SUMMARY OF INSECT CONDITIONS - 1955
WISCONSIN

Reported by Wisconsin Cooperative Economic Insect Survey

Field Crop Insects
The second brood of EUROPEAN CORN BORER (Pyrausta nubilalis) was

favored by good conditions for survival. Fall survey figures gave
Wisconsin an average of 82 borers per 100 plants, which is nearly three
times averages of 27 and 28 borers per 100 plants that occurred in 1953
and 1954. Over 53 percent of all corn in State was infested with borers
in 1955. The most heavily infested areas were in southwestern Wisconsin
with south central and west central having populations somewhat less.
Northern and eastern portions had lowest borer populations. There was
more breaking over of stalks below the ears and above the ears and also
more ears fell to the ground than for many years. While stalk rot was
generally prevalent in fields and caused much breakage, about 14 per-
cent of the stalks were broken at a point where a borer had worked. Five
percent was broken over below the ear and 9 percent above the ear.

At least 95 percent of the live borers were mature before winter.

Lydella pupae and empty puparia were more plentiful at the time of fall
survey than in previous years. CORN EARWORM (Heliothis zea)
generally infested both sweet and field corn in 1955.

RED-LEGGED GRASSHOPPER (Melanoplus femur-rubrum) and others
caused an estimated loss of 5 1/2 million dollars in hay and pastures in
Wisconsin in 1955. Over 1 million of the 4 million acres of hay were
infested. Tobacco, corn and other crops were also infested and damaged.
There was a heavier grasshopper population in southern and western
Wisconsin than in 1954 and a lighter infestation in the northern and north-
eastern part of the State. This placed the adult grasshopper population
in heaviest alfalfa growing areas. Egg pods are easy to find in the
infested areas. Egg parasites while present did not seem numerous
enough to significantly reduce the 1956 potential. DIFFERENTIAL
GRASSHOPPER (M. differentialis) increased in population in 1955.
MIGRATORY GRASSHOPPER (M. mexicanus) population was significant
in 1955 but less than in 1954. TWO-STRIPED GRASSHOPPER (M.
bivitattus) and M. confusus populations were lighter in 1955 than in 1954.
Early hatching did not occur in 1955 which greatly altered the threaten-
ing potential. Two factors appear to have been responsible. (1) There
was a heavy growth of legumes and grass in October, 1954. This covered
the ground somewhat as an insulating layer and the sun could not raise
soil temperature as rapidly as it usually does. (2) There was a pro-
longed period of rainy, cold weather in June 1955 which also retarded
hatching. In a few fields there were some very high counts of first and
third instar grasshoppers as first crop hay was about to be harvested.
Most of hatching was delayed until second crop was approaching

maturity. POTATO LEAFHOPPER (Empoasca fabae) and other leaf-
hoppers generally infested alfalfa and potatoes. First crop hay was not
injured a great deal. There was a late (August) buildup in leafhopper

populations which was greater than in 1954.

- 275 -

Exceptionally good growing conditions for early hay minimized MIRID
damage. Alfalfa plant bug (Adelphocoris lineolatus), rapid plant bug

(A. rapidus) and tarnished plant bug (Lyqus lineolaris) generally infested
alfalfa, strawberry plantings and some ornamentals. MEADOW
SPITT LE BUG (Philaenus leucophthalmus) generally infested alfalfa and
strawberry plantings in eastern and southern areas. ENGLISH GRAIN
APHID (Macrosiphum granarium) and other aphids heavily infested oats
and barley the latter part of May and the first part of June. They caused
losses by feeding and also by transmitting virus diseases (especially in
barley). MEXICAN BEAN BEETLE (Epilachna varivestis) was reported
doing damage to garden beans in Dane County in 1955. This pest has never
been reported outside of Dane County, although reports of its presence in
Dane. County cover a period of about eight years. It is a potential threat
to Wisconsin's rapidly growing processing crop of lima beans which
begins within 25 miles north and east of the reported infestations.

ARMY WORM (Pseudaletia unipuncta) was relatively unimportant in 1955.
There was one report of damage and treatment at Arlington during the
first part of June. Rye which may have acted as a trap crop was most
heavily infested. Corn in the immediate vicinity was lightly infested.
POTATO FLEA BEETLE (Epitrix cucumeris) infested about 50 percent
of Wisconsin's potato acreage in 1955 and was a major pest of potatoes.
PEA APHID (Macrosiphum pisi) generally infested canning peas and was
the most important insect affecting vegetable processing crops in 1955.
CABBAGE LOOPER (Trichoplusia ni) caused a 20 to 25 percent loss in
cabbage production which is estimated to be $500, 000.

sR CemmMSects

Defoliation of hardwoods by the high but declining population of the
FOREST TENT CATERPILLAR (Malacosoma disstria) over about 8
million acres in northern Wisconsin continued to reduce the normal rate
of increment. Decreased efficiency resulted when they dropped on work-
men in these wooded areas in May-June. The forest tent caterpillar

was followed by high populations in some localities of its principal
parasite, Sarcophaga aldrichi in July. These flies were a nuisance to
residents and tourists but caused most annoyance on warm days. JACK-
PINE BUDWORM (Choristoneura pinus) extended the area it infests
(principally in northeastern Wisconsin) to about 120, 000 acres.
EUROPEAN PINE SHOOT MOTH (Rhyacionia buoliana) was found infesting
pines in southeastern Wisconsin. Counties where this insect has been
found infesting pines include Milwaukee, Racine, Kenosha, Ozaukee,
Manitowoc, Dodge, Washington, Fond du Lac, Waukesha, Columbia,
Walworth, and Rock. This moth threatens to become more of a problem
on forest as well as ornamental species.

SMALLER EUROPEAN ELM BARK BEETLE (Scolytus multistriatus),

a vector of Dutch elm disease, was collected from elms in Racine,
Milwaukee, Kenosha, Walworth, Rock, Green, Grant, Sauk, Dane, Jef-
ferson, Columbia, Washington, and Ozaukee Counties. SARATOGA
SPITTLEBUG (Aphrophora saratogensis) damaged pine plantations
chiefly from the central to the eastern part of northern Wisconsin. PINE
TORTOISE SCALE (Toumeyella numismaticum) was a problem

- 276 -

principally in two areas: the Eau Claire area and northeastern Wiscon-
sin. WHITE-PINE WEEVIL (Pissodes strobi) while generally a pest of
white pine in the northern one-half of the State was heavy in 1955.

In addition, it also attacked Norway and jack pine. The area where

the EUROPEAN PINE SAWF'LY (Neodiprion sertifer ) was first reported
in Wisconsin in 1954 was treated. There were no new reports of this
insect's presence in 1955. LARCH SAWFLY (Pristiphora erichsonii)
and the LARCH CASEBEARER (Coleophora laricella) generally

infested larch stands in the northern one half of Wisconsin.

Insects Affecting Animals and Man

HOUSE FLY (Musca domestica), STABLE FLY (Stomoxys calcitrans),
HORSE and DEER FLIES and MOSQUITOES of the AEDES group were
troublesome throughout the State in 1955.

Household Insects

An increase in the number of inquiries about SILVERFISH and CARPET
BEETLES was noted in 1955 along with the CASEMAKING CLOTHES
MOTH (Tinea pellionella). The area the BROWN-BANDED ROACH
(Supella supellectilium) infests was greater than in 1954. Most noticeable
was the increase of homes infested with PHAROAH ANT (Monomorium

pharaonis).

Fruit Insects
APPLE MAGGOT (Rhagoletis pomonella) was an important pest of apples
in 1955.

Stored Grain Pests
In 1955 there was a large number of granaries infested with grain pests,
many of which were treated.

. ‘sy
wud)
' i }

NANG,
q
nN

A

S DEPARTMEN

AGRICULTURAL RESEARCH SERVICE

PLANT PEST CONTROL BRANCH

ECONOMIC INSECT SURVEY SECTION

The Cooperative Economic Insect Report is
Issued weekly as a service to American Agrli-
culture. Its contentsare compiled from informa-
tion supplied by cooperating State, Federal, and
industrial entomologists and other agricultural
workers. In releasing this material the Branch
serves as a clearing house and does not assume

responsibllity for accuracy of the material.

Reports and inquiries pertaining to this release
should be mailed to:

Economic Insect Survey Section
Plant Pest Control Branch
Agricultural Research Service
United States Department of Agriculture
Washington 25, D. C.

Volume 6 vor Gam 956 No. 14

COOP PRATIVE HCONOMIC INS EiCl REPORT

Highlights of Insect Conditions

GREENBUG infestations widespread in northern areas of Arkansas. Con-
trols underway in limited areas of southwestern and northeastern Okla-
inojoae, “jo, Zi)

BROWN WHEAT MITE infestations general in wheat in Oklahoma as far
east as Tulsa County. (p. 279).

SPOTTED ALFALFA APHID increasing rapidly in Yuma area of Arizona
and in Washington County, Utah. Large populations in most areas of
Oklahoma but generally light in central and northwestern Arkansas.

(ja, BIO)

PEA APHID very abundant at Phoenix, Arizona; common in Tulsa County,
Oklahoma; very heavy some parishes of Louisiana; heavy in many fields
in northwestern Arkansas; light populations in Maryland and Virginia.

(p. 280).

CATFACING INSECTS active in orchards of Arkansas and southern areas
of Indiana and Illinois. (p. 282).

TOBACCO INSECT situation in Georgia. (p. 283).

BOLL WEEVIL survival counts higher in North Carolina and Georgia than
last year. (p. 284).

oe OF INSECT CONDITIONS - 1955 - Georgia (p. 289), Pakistan
(Oh ASB

Some of the more IMPORTANT INSECTS in Georgia in 1955. (p. 286).

First reported Records of Season (by areas)
TARNISHED PLANT BUG in alfalfa in southeastern Virginia. ALFALFA

CATERPILLAR active in Granville County, North Carolina. APPLE
APHID nymphs on apple in Maryland. Newly-hatched APHIDS in orchards
in southern Indiana. ROSY APPLE APHID nymphs in Jackson County,
Oregon. BLACK CHERRY APHID hatching in Benton County, Oregon.
BUROPEAN RED MITE hatching at Staunton, Virginia. PEAR PSYLLA
egg deposition occurring in Hood River Valley, Oregon. ORIENTAL
FRUIT MOTH adults emerging Clarksville, Arkansas. RED-BANDED
LEAF ROLLER adults at Vincennes, Indiana. EYE-SPOTTED BUD
MOTH larvae active in Benton County, Oregon. BOLLWORM larvae on
cotton in Rio Grande Valley, Texas.

ORK KKK
Reports in this issue are for week ending March 30, 1956, unless other-
wise designated.

Sys =
WEATHER BUREAU'S 30-DAY OUTLOOK
April 1956

The weather Bureau's 30-day outlook for April calls for temperatures to
average below normal in states along the Atlantic and Pacific Coasts

and also in the Northern Plains. Above normal temperatures are
indicated in the Southern Plains, Southern Plateau, and west Gulf States.
In other areas temperatures are expected to average near seasonal
normals. Precipitation is predicted to exceed normal in the Pacific
Northwest and Missouri Valley, and be close to normal in the Middle
Atlantic States, Great Lakes region, Ohio Valley, and lawer Mississippi
Valley. In the remainder of the nation subnormal amounts are anticipated.

This report released by the Weather Bureau on March 30, 1956.

Weather forecast given here is based on the official 30-day "Resume and
Outlook", published twice a month by the Weather Bureau. You can
subscribe through Superintendent of Documents, Washington 25, D.C.
Price $4. 80 a year, $2.40 for six months.

WEATHER FOR THE WEEK ENDING APRIL 2, 1956

High winds, accompanying a large low pressure system located in the
middle of the country, swirled dust and blew much wheat out of the soil

in the western Great Plains, beginning March 27 and continuing on the 28th.
As the storm moved eastward, then northward and out over the Great Lakes
by Friday, the 30th, the cyclonic circulations brought snow and blizzard
conditions from the Rocky Mountains eastward through North Dakota,

while from Minnesota to western Pennsylvania precipitation fell as snow,
sleet, and freezing rain. Thunderstorms with hail were reported from the
Dakotas southward to the lower Mississippi Valley and as far eastward as
the Ohio Valley. On Friday night a low cell moving up the Atlantic Coast
brought heavy snows of 3 to 5 inches to the New England area. Although
another extensive storm center was developing over the western Plains

by the weekend, much of the country experienced pleasant weather on
Faster Sunday with clear skies prevailing over the East and much of the
Midwest enjoying temperatures in the 80's. However, by Monday a
second extensive storm was raising dust and causing additional

damage to winter grain over the same dry areas as the one earlier in

the week. Numerous tornadoes accompanied this storm in Kansas and
Oklahoma. Winds at Austin, Minnesota on March 27 lifted the roof of a
o-ton hangar at the airport and deposited it on a motel injuring 5 persons
and resulting in damage estimated at $100, 000. Figures are not yet
available for the last storm. Temperatures in the northwestern, north-
eastern, and extreme southeastern portions of the country averaged

below normal for the week as did those in the Dakotas, Minnesota, and
Wisconsin. Although temperatures averaged above normal in the South,
frosts were reported in areas of Texas and California. The weekly
average departures ranged from -10° in Connecticut to +11° in northern
(Weather continued on page287)

- 279 -

CEREAL AND FORAGE INSECTS

GREENBUG (Toxoptera graminum) - ARKANSAS - Found in all small
grain fields from Benton County south to Sebastian and east to Arkansas
and Lincoln Counties. Infestations variable. Populations range from
occasional aphid to 350-500 per foot of row. (Warren). OKLAHOMA -
me spraying in limited areas of southwestern and northeastern areas.
Howell).

BROWN WHEAT MITE (Petrobia latens) - UTAH - Less than five per
linear foot of drill row in dryland wheat, Salt Lake County. Second-stage
nymphs observed, but no adults found. Two fields of small grain being
damaged in Washington County. (Hughes, Knowlton). OKLAHOMA -
General infestations in wheat extending as far east as Tulsa County.
(Coppock).

CORN LEAF APHID (Rhopalosiphum maidis) - ARKANSAS - Populations
high in many northern small grain fields but highest in northwestern
counties. (Warren).

SOUTHWESTERN CORN BORER (Zeadiatraea grandiosella) - ARKANSAS -
Survival counts in Logan and Pope Counties averaged 10 percent. Un-
known agents caused heavy mortality of larvae entering hibernation last
fall. (Warren).

A BILLBUG (probably Calendra phoeniciensis) - ARIZONA - Severe on
seedling corn at Scottsdale. Infestation on 60 acres recently sodded in
Bermuda grass. As many as two or three adults per seedling. (Ariz.
Coop. Rept. )

ARMYWORM (Pseudaletia unipuncta) - LOUISIANA - Very light army-
worm populations in forage over the State. (Oliver). ARKANSAS - Full
grown larvae and prepupae collected in and around field trash in Lincoln
County. (Warren). FLORIDA - Larvae averaging 2 per linear foot of
row collected on sugarcane in Indian River County. Quite extensive
damage done. (Goodwin, Mar. 15).

6 ; ' Gassoe
t hee eee aX

t ’
i Armyworm Occurrence

Numer nt,

¢
¢
é

' —~—<---
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.

* three traps
# Two traps

- 280 -

A GROUND PEARL - GEORGIA - Lightly infesting Bermuda grass in
Dooly County. (Snodgrass, March 22).

SUGARCANE BEETLE (Euetheola rugiceps) - ARKANSAS - Averaged 3-4
per square foot of soil in soybean stubble in Lincoln County. (Warren).

SPOTTED ALFALFA APHID - ARIZONA - Widespread and increasing
rapidly on alfalfa in Yuma area. Infestation may be as severe there as
last year. Population in field in Coolidge County was about 100 per sweep.
Of four fields in Phoenix area, only one had apparent population, 4-5
early instars per leaflet. (Ariz. Coop. Rept.). UTAH - Multiplying
rapidly in Washington County. (Hughes, Knowlton). OKLAHOMA - Large
populations in alfalfa fields of most areas. (Coppock). ARKANSAS -
Infestations of central and northwestern counties generally light to non-
existent in fields having moderate numbers late last fall. Very heavy
infestations in some fields of Crawford County. Counts averaged 250-300
per sweep. (Warren).

PEA APHID (Macrosiphum pisi) - ARIZONA - Very abundant on alfalfa in
Phoenix area. Four fields swept - 400 plus per sweep. One field in Pinal
County had about 100 per sweep. (Ariz. Coop. Rept.). OKLAHOMA -
Common in alfalfa in Tulsa County. (Coppock). LOUISIANA - Very heavy
populations in burclovers in East Baton Rouge, Iberville and Ascension
Parishes. (Oliver), ARKANSAS - Infestations heavy in many fields,
especially in northwestern counties. Wilting young alfalfa in Benton
County. (Warren). MARYLAND - Very light in alfalfa in Anne Arundel
and Prince Georges Counties. (U. Md. Ent. Dept.). VIRGINIA - Scat-
tered and just hatching in alfalfa in King William, Hanover, and Henrico
Counties. No lady beetles observed. (Matheny). Reproduction occurring
in all areas. (Morris).

COWPEA APHID (Aphis medicaginis) - ARKANSAS - Unusually heavy on
young alfalfa in Crawford County. Average of 15-20 per stem in one
field. (Warren).

TARNISHED PLANT BUG (Lygus lineolaris) - VIRGINIA - One adult ob-
served in alfalfa field in southeastern area. (Matheny).

CLOVER LEAF WEEVIL (Hypera punctata) - LOUISIANA - Adults and
larvae in burclover at 10-16 per 100 sweeps in East Baton Rouge and
Iberville Parishes. (Oliver), ARKANSAS - Larvae found occasionally.
(Warren). MARYLAND - Larvae light in clover and alfalfa in Anne
Arundel and Prince Georges Counties. (U. Md. Ent. Dept.). VIRGINIA -
Larvae general but diseased in alfalfa and clover in King William, Han-
over and Henrico Counties. (Matheny).

ALFALFA WEEVIL (Hypera postica) - NORTH CAROLINA - One adult
and one larva per 100 sweeps on alfalfa in field known to have been infes-
ted in 1955. (Dogger). Alfalfa weevil has been reported onlyfrom Vance
and Granville Counties in North Carolina. VIRGINIA - Adults and early-
instar larvae active in alfalfa fields of Hanover (Willey, Saunders),

- 281 -

Chesterfield (Jones), King William, and Henrico Counties. (Matheny).
Hatching of eggs and adult activity continuing in eastern and southeastern
parts of State. Infestations light to date. No reports of alfalfa weevil
activity received from other parts of the State. (Morris). DELAWARE -
Unfavorable weather retarding activity but adult-feeding noted on new
growth near Bombay Hook and Summit Bridge, March 22, (Late News).

ALFALFA CATERPILLAR (Colias philodice eurytheme) - NORTH
CAROLINA - Few larvae noted on alfalfa in Granville County. (Dogger).

CLAY-BACKED CUTWORM (Agrotis gladiaria) - LOUISIANA - Infesting
crimson clover at 1-10 per square foot in Claiborne Parish. Causing
considerable injury to the stand. (Oliver).

VARIEGATED CUTWORM (Peridroma margaritosa) - ARKANSAS - One
larva taken from vetch in Arkansas County. (Warren).

LEAFHOPPERS (Empoasca sp.) - LOUISIANA - Populations exist in
burclover at 10 per 100 sweeps in Iberville Parish. (Oliver). ARKANSAS -
None were found in alfalfa or vetch. (Warren).

CLOVER ROOT CURCULIO (Sitona hispidula) - MARYLAND - Adults
active in clover and alfalfa in Anne Arundel and Prince Georges Counties.
(U. Md. Ent. Dept. ).

THREE-CORNERED ALFALFA HOPPER (Spissistilus festinus) -
ARKANSAS - Light numbers in a few alfalfa fields. (Warren).

GREEN CLOVERWORM (Plathypena scabra) - ARKANSAS - Light to non-
existent. Heaviest numbers, 5-6 per 20 sweeps, in Pulaski and Lonoke
Counties. (Warren).

VEGETABLE WEEVIL (Listroderes costirostris obliquus) - LOUISIANA -
peal on burclover at 40 adults per 100 sweeps in Iberville Parish.
(Oliver).

FRUIT INSECTS

APPLE APHID (Aphis pomi) - MARYLAND - Nymphs light on new leaves
of apple and hawthorn in Prince Georges and Montgomery Counties. (U.
Md. Ent. Dept. ).

ROSY APPLE APHID (Anuraphis roseus)- VIRGINIA - Evidence that hatch
is completed on apple in Staunton area. (Woodside). OREGON - Young
eae iu to appear on fruit buds in Jackson County, Mar. 27.
Gentner).

APHIDS -INDIANA - Newly-hatched on apples March 27, in Vincennes
area. (Hamilton). Eggs hatching in Orleans area. (Marshall).
DELAWARE - Apple grain aphid hatching by March 15 in southern area.
(Late News).

- 282-

BLACK CHERRY APHID (Myzus cerasi) -OREGON- Eggs began to hatch
in Benton County, March 28. (Jones).

EUROPEAN RED MITE (Metatetranychus ulmi) - VIRGINIA- Two hatched
individuals noted on apple in Staunton area March 26. (Woodside).

CLOVER MITE (Bryobia praetiosa)- OREGON - Eggs beginning to hatch
on peach trees in Jackson County March 27. (Gentner).

FALL CANKERWORM (Alsophila pometaria) -NORTH CAROLINA- Adults
(females) taken alive in apple orchard, February 8 in Haywood County.
(Holloway).

PEAR THRIPS (Taeniothrips inconsequens) - OREGON- eee to emerge
in Benton County March 28. (Jones).

PEAR PSYLLA ( Psylla pyricola)- OREGON - Winter adults and eggs not
as abundant as in previous years in Jackson County. (Gentner), Egg
deposition beginning in Hood River Valley March 27. (Ellertson).

ORIENTAL FRUIT MOTH (Grapholitha molesta)- ARKANSAS - Adults
began to emerge in Clarksville area prior to March 26. (Warren).

RED-BANDED LEAF ROLLER (Argyrotaenia velutinana) - INDIANA -
Adults readily found in apple orchards in Vincennes area March 26 and
27. No eggs. (Hamilton).

CATFACING INSECTS - INDIANA - Jarring in five peach orchards March
26 in Vincennes area showed 13 tarnished plant bugs and 19 stink bugs.

An increase over previous week. (Hamilton). ILLINOIS - One

tarnished plant bug jarred from five unsprayed trees at Mounds.
(Chandler). ARKANSAS- Adults of Lygqus lineolaris active in orchards,
particularly where cover crops occur. (Warren).

PLUM CURCULIO (Conotrachelus nenuphar) - ARKANSAS - Adults active
in Nashville area. (Warren).

EYE-SPOTTED BUD MOTH (Spilonota ocellana)- OREGON - L_ -vae be-
inning to work into buds of cherry trees in Benton County, Mar. 28.
Jones).

CUTWORMS - ARKANSAS - Various species of climbing cutworms
damaging grape vineyards in northwestern counties. (Warren).

PECAN NUT CASEBEARER - OKLAHOMA - Of 2700 pecan tips checked
in Lincoln, Okfuskee, Okmulgee and Tulsa Counties, only one hibernat-
ing form was found in an orchard of improved variety of pecans in
Okmulgee County. (Coppock).

- 283 -

TRUCK CROP INSECTS

IMPORTED CABBAGEWORM (Pieris rapae) - GEORGIA - Heavily infest-
ing cabbage in Colquitt County and moderate infestations in Thomas and
Lowndes Counties. (Johnson). SOUTH CAROLINA - A few larvae in
cabbage fields in Charleston area. (Cuthbert, Reid).

DIAMONDBACK MOTH (Plutella maculipennis) - LOUISIANA - Five per
broccoli plant in St. John the Baptist Parish. (Oliver).

CABBAGE LOOPER (Trichoplusia ni) - LOUISIANA - Populations light in
cabbage and broccoli in St. John the Baptist Parish. (Oliver).

BLACK CUTWORM (Agrotis ypsilon) - SOUTH CAROLINA - Very abun-
dant in one cabbage planting at Charleston. (Cuthbert, Reid).

CABBAGE APHID (Brevicoryne brassicae) - GEORGIA - Light to moder-
ate infestations in cabbage in Colquitt and Thomas Counties. (Johnson).
SOUTH CAROLINA - Populations on spring cabbage at Charleston checked
by insecticides and natural enemies. No appreciable damage expected
before harvest. (Cuthbert, Reid).

GREEN PEACH APHID (Myzus persicae) - ARKANSAS - Averaging 1-2
per leaf of spinach in Crawford County. (Warren). SOUTH CAROLINA -
Infestations light on spinach and winged forms on new potatoes at
Charleston. (Cuthbert, Reid).

TURNIP APHID (Rhopalosiphum pseudobrassicae) - LOUISIANA - Popu-
lations light in turnips in East Baton Rouge and St. John the Baptist
Parishes. (Oliver).

BEET LEAFHOPPER (Circulifer tenellus) - CALIFORNIA - Spring spray-
ing of rangeland begun with 1625 acres covered, much of it on west side
of San Joaquin Valley between Cantua and Big Panoche Creeks in F'resno
Countys. (Call. Coop: Rept. ):

VEGETABLE WEEVIL (Listroderes costirostris obliquus) - SOUTH
CAROLINA - Larvae abundant in home plantings of mustard, turnips and
spinach in Charleston area. (Cuthbert, Reid).

COWPEA CURCULIO (Chalcodermus aeneus) - ARKANSAS - Adults up to
a per ae of bunch grass near old pea field in Lincoln County.
arren).

ONION THRIPS (Thrips tabaci) - GEORGIA - Light infestations on com-
mercial onions in Tattnall County. (Johnson).

VEGETABLE WEEVIL heavily infesting beds in Pierce and Tattnall
Counties; moderate infestations in Tift, Colquitt and Lowndes Counties;
light infestations in Grady, Brooks, Appling and Candler Counties.

- 284 -

APHIDS light in beds in Tattnall, Lowndes, Colquitt and Pierce Counties.
TOBACCO FLEA BEETLE heavily infesting beds in Tattnall, Pierce and
Thomas Counties; moderate infestations in Tift, Lowndes, and Colquitt
Counties; light infestations in Grady, Brooks and Candler Counties.
(Johnson).

POTATO TUBERWORM (Gnorimoschema operculella) - NORTH CAROLINA
Moderate to severe, local infestation in tobacco in greenhouse in Wake
County. (Scott).

RED-NECKED CANE BORER (Agrilus ruficollis) - NORTH CAROLINA -
Attacking raspberries in Haywood County. (Scott).

MITES - KENTUCKY - Have been active on strawberries and depositing
eggs on warm days since late February. (Rodriguez).

MEXICAN BEAN BEETLE (Epilachna varivestis) - Correction: CEIR
6(6): 96. Distribution Map footnote should read "Local infestations of
recent years, but eradicated: 2 1/2 miles north of Twin Falls, Idaho

and Oxnard, California. "

COTTON INSECTS

In NORTH CAROLINA, March 13-23, 600 square yards of surface trash
from five farms in 12 counties showed up to 12, 100 weevils per acre and
averaged 1815 per acre. Percent survival was 48.7 compared with 17.6
percent survival for the winter 1954-55. The average of 1815 weevils per
acre this spring is 7.6 times the average found in the spring of 1955 and
about the same as for spring of 1954. (Walker, Hopkins, Jernigan). In
GEORGIA, March 1-26, examinations of surface woods trash from four
regions showed an average of 390 weevils per acre compared with 48
weevils per acre a year ago. Winter survival for the State was 49 per-
cent. Of 42 fields examined, 21 were infested. Samples were taken
from following areas: northwest (Gordon County), north central (Spald-
ing, Butts, and Pike Counties), east central (Burke County), and south
(Tift County). (Beckham).

BOLLWORMS - TEXAS - Eggs occurring on small cotton in Mission area
and larvae on plants in eastern part of Rio Grande Valley. (Deer).

CUTWORMS - TEXAS - Still causing some damage in Lower Rio Grande
Valley, but appear to be diminishing. Most severe damage in Weslaco
area. (Deer).

- 285 -

FOREST, ORNAMENTAL AND SHADE TREE INSECTS

A PINE SAWFLY (Neodiprion taedae linearis)-ARKANSAS - Hatching nearly
complete in Fordyce-Warren area. Larval colonies' numerous on some
trees. Partial to complete defoliation expected on trees carrying the
greater larval groups. Just reaching third instar in a few colonies.
(Warren).

APHIDS -VIRGINIA - Bark aphids, probably Cinara tujafilina severe but
spotted on arborvitae in Norfolk and Princess Anne Counties. (Harrell).

OBSCURE SCALE ( Chrysomphalus obscurus) - MARYLAND - Heavily
infesting pin oak at College Park. (U. Md. Ent. Dept. ).

COTTONWOOD LEAF BEETLE (Chrysomela scripta) - MISSISSIPPI -
Gravid adults collected from willow sprouts and small cottonwood trees in
Washington County March 28. (Putnam).

ERASTERN TENT CATERPILLAR (Malacosoma americanum)-GEORGIA -
Heavily infesting wild cherry trees throughout southern area. (Johnson).
MISSISSIPPI - Larvae about mature in large numbers in Jones and
Oktibbeha Counties. (Hunsucker, Pepper). ARKANSAS - Active as far north
as Crawford County with some complete stripping of foliage. (Warren).

A MEALYBUG (Phenacaspis nyssae)- MARYLAND - Infesting blackgum at
University Park. (U. Md., Ent. Dept. ).

HOLLY LEAF MINERS - MARYLAND - Pupating in mines in holly
leaves at College Park. About 40 percent of mines examined had pupae.
(OMIVIGRS Ent. Dept.)

TWO-SPOTTED SPIDER MITE (Tetranychus telarius} VIRGINIA -
Infestations medium to severe on Japanese hollies and camellias at some
locations in Norfolk County. (Harrell).

MITES - NORTH CAROLINA - Moderate damage by a spider mite in
complex with camellia scale on camellias in local infestation in Wake
County. (Scott).

CAMELLIA SCALE (Lepidosaphes camelliae) - NORTH CAROLINA -
Damaging camellias in local infestations in Green and Wake Counties. (Scott).

BOXWOOD LEAF MINER (Monarthropalpus buxi) - VIRGINIA - Infestations
light on boxwood in several Ricimond area nurseries. (Phillips, Miller).

CYCLAMEN MITE (Steneotarsonemus pallidus) - UTAH - Damaging
flowers in two Salt Lake City greenhouses. (Parrish, Knowlton).

eA uted a pcenpolics sordidus) - FLORIDA - Aaults
craging tlve per plant of cavendish banana at Miami
March 7. (Dowling). So aea Oone

- 286 -

INSECTS AFFECTING MAN AND ANIMALS

CATTLE LICE - UTAH - Control has been carried out on 75 percent of
cattle and in some areas all cattle have been treated once or twice.
About 60 percent of cattle treated in Duchesne County. (Murdock,
Knowlton).

BLACK-LEGGED TICK (Ixodes ricinus scapularis) - OKLAHOMA -
Active in Stephens County. (Bower).

HORN FLY (Siphona irritans) - OKLAHOMA - From 30-50 per adult
animal in one herd in Okfuskee County. (Coppock).

CATTLE GRUBS - OKLAHOMA - Heel flies running cattle in Okfuskee
County, Mar. 28. (Coppock)

MISCELLANEOUS INSECTS

TERMITES - VIRGINIA - Sexual forms emerged in Richmond during
week. (Matheny), NORTH CAROLINA - Reports of activity from Duplin,
Harnett and Wake Counties. (Jones), MARYLAND - Winged forms in
homes in Ellicott City. (U. Md. Ent. Dept.). MISSISSIPPI - Several
flights of winged forms of Reticulitermes flavipes in one area of Wash-
ington County, Mar. 24. (Putnam). OKLAHOMA - Swarming of R.
flavipes in central area. (Howell).

SS = ——— ——

GEORGIA-Boll weevil, bollworm, housefly, termites, rice weevil, pine
bark beetles, horn fly, honey bee, aphids, lesser cornstalk borer.
(Johnson).

STORED PRODUCTS INSECTS

KHAPRA BEETLE (Trogoderma granarium) - NEBRASKA - Seed houses
were surveyed in Scottsbluff, Lincoln, Ralston, Norfolk, Omaha and
Beatrice. All were negative. (Walstrom, Fitchett, Andersen, Mar. 17).
CALIFORNIA - Four new infestations found during week of Mar. 28. To
date 266 infestations in 18 counties with a total of 61, 628, 224 cubic feet.
To date 139 premises with 44, 339, 152 cubic feet have been fumigated
and released. (Cal. Coop. Rept. ).

A PARASITIC MITE (Haemogamasus oudemansi) - ORE. Infesting stored
feed in association with Acarus siro and Glycyphaqus destructor at
Corvallis, Mar. 21. (Krantz).

RECENT INTERCEPTIONS AT PORTS OF ENTRY
Of interest was the recent interception of living larvae of the fruit fly,

Anastrepha fraterculus (Wied. ) in Achras sapote fruit in airplane baggage
from Venezuela at New York, N.Y. (Tuthill, Kline). This insect is con-

= 2Sif =

sidered a serious pest of cultivated fruits in many parts of South America.
It has also been reported on the islands of Trinidad and Tobago. It has
been found infesting more than 40 kinds of fruits. Guavas, citrus, man-
goes, peaches and Surinam cherries seem to be most commonly attacked.

Observations on the life history of the insect in Peru indicate the adult
stage is usually about one month in duration. Eggs hatch in 3 days in
summer to 6 in winter. One tc fifty eggs may be deposited in one fruit.
Larval stage varies from 12-20 days in summer to 20-25 days in winter,
pupal stage from 15-18 to 20-25 days. Six or seven generations may
develop in a year.

Living larvae of A. fraterculus have been intercepted on many occasions
at various ports in fruits, usually citrus from South American countries.
This insect is not known to occur in the United States. (Compiled - Plant
Quarantine Branch)

FOCI AIA AR A SR ARK KK KK

Weather continued from p. 278

Texas. Temperatures fluctuated considerably during the period in the
central Plains area with Salt Lake City reporting a new daily low of 18°

for March 28 and the airport a new daily high of 72° for March 30.
Precipitation amounts were moderate to heavy along the north Pacific
Coast, also in a band extending generally from eastern North Dakota

south of the Great Lakes through Ohio and eastern Kentucky and Tennessee,
then jutting into South Carolina and from there southwestward into Georgia,
Alabama, and Mississippi. Moderate amounts also occurred along the
north Atlantic Coast and in isolated areas. No precipitation fell in most

of Florida and portions of the Southwest and south central Great Plains.
Rain is needed badly in these areas with San Francisco, California, report-
ing the third driest March since 1850, while over most of the East wet
soils continue to hamper work in the fields. Along the Canadian Border
snowdepths continue to decrease in the western districts, while in the
central and eastern sections, even though melting has occurred, additional
snows have kept depths much the same. Duluth, Minnesota with one of the
higher depths for lower elevations reports 23 inches. At higher stations in
the West, Mount Baker Lodge, Washington reports 282 inches; Paradise
Ranger Station, Washington 330 inches; Crater Lake, Oregon 168 inches,
and Twin Lakes, California, 86 inches. (Summary Supplied by U. S.
Weather Bureau).

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- 288 -

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- 289 -
SUMMARY OF INSECT CONDITIONS - 1955
GEORGIA
Reported by W. C. Johnson*

Cereal and Forage Insects:
THRIPS, mostly Frankliniella bispinosa and F.. tritici, were not as

abundant on Borre sweet lupine in 1955 as in 1954 and damage was less
severe. As many as 2400 thrips occurred in a 6-raceme sample. Peak
abundance on lupine occurred about April 15. LUPINE MAGGOT
(Hylemya lupini) was much more abundant in the fall of 1955 than in 1954,
First-brood infestations in fields ran as high as 98 percent in 1955 and
none higher than 65 percent were observed in 1954. LESSER CORN-
STALK BORER (Blasmopalpus lignosellus) was much less destructive in
1955 than in 1954. Percent of plants killed in late soybean fields in 1954
in some areas approached 100 percent. Plant mortality in 1955 rarely
exceeded 20 percent. The lower plant mortality was largely attributed
to greater rainfall which enabled plants to survive rather severe injury.
Damage in the Tifton area ranged from 10-17 percent of corn planted
after April 7. CORN EARWORM (Heliothis zea) was unusually abundant
in 1955 and attacked a wide variety of crops. It damaged peanuts severely
in some areas and grain crop of one field of milo was completely de-
stroyed. Infestation on medium and late planted corn ran from 85 to 100
percent. Although larvae were abundant and damage severe to very late
corn, larval populations did not reach the numbers expected. It is felt
that parasites and predators, which were very common, caused a high
larval mortality. The pest was abundant in grain sorghum heads.

STRIPED BLISTER BEETLE (Epicauta sp.), MEXICAN BEAN BEETLE
(Epilachna varivestis) and YELLOW-STRIPED ARMYWORM (Prodenia
ornithogalli) were abundant on soybeans. A SPITTLEBUG believed to be
Tomaspis bicincta) was abundant on coastal Bermuda grass and seriously
damaged large areas in the vicinity of Albany, Georgia. FALL ARMY-
WORM (Laphygqma frugiperda) caused light damage to corn and grain
sorghum and severe damage to very late planted field corn at Tifton but
was not as numerous as in 1954. A GRASSWORM (Mocis sp.) was as
abundant in 1955 as in 1954 in some areas and damage to late grass crops
was severe in limited areas. A CLOVER WEEVIL (Hypera meles) and
LESSER CLOVER LEAF WEEVIL (Hypera nigeireetris) were abundant in
crimson clover. THREE-CORNERED ALFALFA HOPPER (Spissistilus
festinus) caused heavy damage on alfalfa and lespedeza in Spalding, Sumter
and Gordon Counties. FULLER ROSE BEETLE (Pantomorus godmani)
and the LESPEDEZA WEBWORM (Tetralopha scortealis) were abundant
on lespedeza. CLOVER ROOT CURCULIO (Sitona hispidula) larvae

* This summary was compiled from reports and records submitted by the
following cooperators: E.W. Beck, C.M. Beckham, C.C. Blickenstaff,
ReabPawHarrisOn, Gah. Jordan, Di W.) lakue, iW. Morgan, We... Ne=
Valles NE ke Osborn, Orl. Snapp, HoH. DLippins:

- 290 -

caused heavy damage to alfalfa. Adults damaged crimson clover seedlings
during the fall. ARMYWORM (Pseudaletia unipuncta) caused moderate
damage to oats during April and May. SORGHUM MIDGE (Contarinia
sorghicola) severely damaged grain sorghum in several counties.
GRASSHOPPERS, mostly Melanoplus spp., were unusually abundant.

RICE WEEVIL (Sitophilus oryza) infestations in the field were spotty.
Several lightly damaged fields and one severely damaged field were
observed in south Georgia. A severe infestation of SUGARCANE BEETLE
(Euetheola rugiceps) occurred in corn following sod in Newton County.

The stand in the 50-acre field was completely destroyed and replanting
was necessary.

Hriiiinsects:

PLUM CURCULIO (Conotrachelus nenuphar) infestation was very light in
1955, due to the absence of a peach crop which was completely killed by

a freeze March 27. The 1954 Georgia peach crop was perhaps the
cleanest on record, and consequently the carry-over of plum curculio
adults into 1955 season was considerably less than usual. The hiber-
nating population of adults in the fall of 1955 was very light. PEACH
TREE BORER (Sanninoidea exitiosa) infestation continues to increase in
Georgia, believed to be due largely to the increased use of trunk sprays
which are less effective than the fumigant-type treatments in heavily
infested orchards in those latitudes where the insect has a long oviposition
period. The absence of spraying for plum curculio control due to no
peach crop may have also contributed to the increased peach tree borer
infestation. LESSER PEACH TREE BORER (Synanthedon pictipes) was
heavier than in 1954, which may be partially due to the absence of spray-
ing for plum curculio. A lesser peach tree borer moth on wing deposi -
ting eggs in a commercial peach orchard was observed on November 15,
1955 at Fort Valley. This is the latest oviposition record under peach
orchard conditions on record for the area. SAN JOSE SCALE (Aspidiotus
perniciosus) increased in 1955 and is now abundant in some orchards.
There was no spraying for plum curculio control in 1955 due to the absence
of a peach crop, andthis may have contributed to the San Jose scale build-
up. PLUM GOUGER (Anthonomus scutellaris) was unusually abundant this
year on wild plum bushes. Cultivated plums and peaches were all killed
by a March freeze. GRAPE BERRY MOTH (Paralobesia viteana) was
very abundant on unsprayed grapes at Fort Valley, and caused consider-
able grape dropping. PLANT BUGS (coreids and stink bugs) were less
abundant than usual in 1955 as determined bv sweeping peas and grass

and jarring peach trees. FALL WEBWORM@yphantria cunea) was
nme less abundant than usual on pecan, persimmon and wild
cherry.

Truck Crop Insects:
LESSER CORNSTALK BORER caused light to moderate damage to stands

of field peas in Spalding County. Most damage occurred during August
and was less severe than 1954. TOBACCO HORNWORM (Protoparce
sexta) occurred in moderate numbers on pimiento peppers in Spalding
County early in the season only. This was probably a carryover from

- 291 -

the heavy infestation during 1954. Moderate infestations of MEXICAN
BEAN BEETLE (Epilachna varivestis) were present on green beans in
Spalding County. The TOMATO FRUITWORM (Heliothis zea ) caused

the usual amount of damage to tomatoes. Moderate to heavy infestations
of the PICKLEWORM(Diaphania nitidalis) were present in cantaloups and
summer squash in Spalding County. One field of cantaloups was complete-
ly ruined by this pest. COWPEA CURCULIO (Chalcodermus aeneus) con-
tinued to cause damage to field peas. FLEA BEETLES (Chaetocnema and
Systena spp.) in the larval stage caused light to moderate damage to
sweetpotato roots. Light infestations of the SWEETPOTATO HORNWORM
(Agrius cinqulatus) and moderate infestations of a LOOPER occurred on
this crop. CORN EARWORM was again severe on sweet corn.
VEGETABLE WEEVIL (Listroderes costirostris obliquus) continued to be
a pest of turnips in home gardens. APHIDS built up heavily on fall turnips
and collards. The SOUTHERN CABBAGEWORM (Pieris protodice) was
common on collards and turnips during the fall. FLEA BEETLES and
LACEBUGS occurred on eggplant in Spalding and Clarke Counties.

Cotton Insects:

BOLL WEEVIL (Anthonomus grandis) went into and emerged from hiber-
nation in low numbers when compared with records of the previous three
years. Very light infestations in early season developed into very heavy
infestations late in the season. BOLLWORM (Heliothis zea) damage was
relatively severe with some fields having 5 percent of squares damaged.
Boll damage was moderate to heavy throughout the State. Boll damage in
untreated fields was as high as 38 percent in Spalding County. The boll-
worm made its appearance earlier than usual. Infestations of THRIPS
were light throughout the State. Serious COTTON APHID (Aphis gossypii)
infestations did not develop during the season. SPIDER MITES were quite
a problem in many counties beginning in mid-season and continuing
throughout the season.

Tobacco Insects:

VEGETABLE WEEVIL damage to tobacco beds was light but the infesta-
tion was general. TOBACCO BUDWORM (Heliothis virescens) and
HORNWORMS (Protoparce spp. ) infestations were light thoughout the
season. The heaviest outbreak occurred during May. The large
numbers of budworms which have been appearing at the time of bloom
did not appear. Infestations of GREEN PREACH APHID (Myzus persicae)
required control measures more frequently than other tobacco insects.
This insect was the most important pest of tobacco in 1955.

Peanut Insects:

THRIPS caused severe damage to peanuts in some localities. Infestations
of the RED-NECKED PEANUTWORM (Stegasta bosqueella) were very
severe with 100 percent of the terminals being infested in many fields.

Of the leaf-feeding lepidoptera, the CORN EARWORM was the predom-
inant species. Mixed infestations also included Heliothis virescens,
Trichoplusia ni, Laphyqma frugiperda, one species of a geometrid and
one species of pierid. Several generations of these insects made it
necessary for control practices to be carried on from late July until

- 292 -

about the first of October. LESSER CORNSTALK BORER damage was
generally light, but some damage occurred in areas of very light rain-
fall or where peanuts were planted late and nut production occurred
during dry weather.

Pecan Insects:

PECAN WEEVIL (Curculio caryae) injury was noticeable in some areas
where it previously had attracted little attention because of a light crop
of nuts. Generally severe infestations of the HICKORY SHUCKWORM
(Laspeyresia caryana) developed late in the season causing poor quality
nuts in some locations which escaped the March freeze. PECAN NUT
CASEBEARER (Acrobasis caryae) infestations were very light in Georgia
during 1955. BORERS of various species were more common than usual.
BLACK PECAN APHID (Melanocallis caryaefoliae), FALL WEBWORM
(Hyphantria cunea) and WALNUT CATERPILLAR (Datana integerrima)
infestations ranged from light to medium.

Forest, Ornamental and Shade Tree Insects:
Forest insect conditions in Georgia were much less severe in 1955 than

1954. BARK BEETLES, primarily Ips pini and the BLACK TURPEN-
TINE BEETLE(Dendroctonus terebrans) continued in outbreak numbers
throughout the State, however. ‘These species killed roughly 18, 000
board feet of timber in 37 south Georgia counties between July and Octo-
ber, 1955. Locally severe outbreaks of SOUTHERN PINE BEETLE
(Dendroctonus frontalis) have developed in several northern and western
counties. Mortality from attacks by this beetle are expected to be high
during 1956. The very heavy infestations of NANTUCKET PINE TIP
MOTH (Rhyacionia frustrana) declined in 1955, due apparently to heavy
infection of the larvae by an unidentified disease. Severe outbreaks of
the RED-HEADED PINE SAWFLY (Neodiprion lecontei) in south Georgia
were suppressed by a disease epidemic of the larvae.

Stored Product Insects:

In general, stored grain insects were more abundant in 1955 than in 1954.
Light infestations of the ANGOUMOIS GRAIN MOTH (Sitotroga cerealella)
were observed in a number of oats storage warehouses during August and
September; heavy infestations were noted in a few warehouses during
October. FLOUR BEETLES (Tribolium spp. ) and SAW-TOOTHED GRAIN
BEETLE (Oryzaephilus surinamenis) were present in practically all oats
storage warehouses, but were of significant economic importance in

only a few scattered storages. Severe damage by the LESSER GRAIN
BORER (Rhyzopertha dominica) occurred in stored barley in Macon and
Toombs Counties. Light to heavy infestations of the INDIAN-MEAL
MOTH (Plodia interpunctella) and Ephestia spp. were generally found in
stored peanuts. RICE WEEVIL (Sitophilus oryza) infestations in farm-
stored corn were lighter than in previous years.

Insects Affecting Man and Animals:
SCREW-WORM (camtncna hominivorax) light infestations occurred in

some counties. HOUSE FLY (Musca domestica) populations were heavy

- 293 -

over the State from June well into the fall. FLEAS (Ctenocephalides spp. )
were a serious problem in and around homes. COCKROACHES were re-
duced due to the concerted efforts of a roach control campaign. CATTLE
LICE, GRUBS AND HORN FLIES caused the usual amount of damage.

Beneficial Insects:

The beekeepers of Georgia lost approximately 16, 000 colonies of bees
during the winter and spring of 1955. Most of this loss came after the
late March freeze from starvation and the necessity of combining weak
colonies with stronger ones to prevent starvation. Increases were made
during the year to replace most of the losses. As a result of the late
March freeze, followed by dry weather, honey production in Georgia was
Al percent below that of 1954. The amount of American foulbrood in
Georgia has been greatly reduced during the past few years.

KK KK KK KK OK OK KK RK KK KKK OK KOK OK OK KK OK OK KK OK KOK KK OK KOK OK OK KOK OK OK

I'he Entomological Society of America survey committee has asked that
information on important insect conditions in foreign countries be ob-
tained and carried in the Cooperative Economic Insect Report. Through
Mr. E. J. Hambleton, in charge of Foreign Technical Assistance
Programs, summaries will be furnished by American entomologists
attached to the Regional Insect Control Projects in some of the Near East
and African countries. ‘The first of these summaries follows.

SUMMARY OF INSECT CONDITIONS - 1955
PAKISTAN*
Reported by G. E. Cavin

Cereal and Forage Insects
DESERT LOCUST(Schistocerca, gregaria) was a relatively minor problem

in Pakistan. ‘Thirteen swarms entered the summer breeding area of
Sind, Khaipur and Bahawalpur but lack of rainfall retarded breeding.
Light damage to cotton occurred at Rahimyarkhan, Bahawalpur and
nymphs damaged gram (certain leguminous plants grown for seed) at
Dera Ismail Khan in the Northwest Frontier in July. At the end of the
year, Pakistan was completely free of locusts. SUGARCANE PYRILLA
(Pyrilla perpusilla) populations were much lower than normal in the
Northwest Frontier. Control measures were used. Fall surveys showed
heavy egg parasitism. Infestation continued to spread in East Pakistan.
SUGARCANE BORERS (Scirpophaga nivella and Argyria tumidicostalis)
damaged cane in the Punjab and in East Pakistan. Ten to 42 percent of

*In so far as possible scientific names have been cleared with ARS
records.

- 294 -

the stalks were infested at Gopalpur, East Pakistan. ‘The variation in
the population depended on the variety of cane being produced. RICE
STEM BORER (Schoenobius incertulas) destroyed 15 percent of the rice
crop at Gujranwalla in the Punjab and reduced the average rice yield
from 656 to 329 pounds per acre at Umerkot, Sind. ARMYWORM
(Pseudaletia unipuncta) completely destroyed the Aman rice crop in many
areas of East Pakistan and a serious food shortage resulted. Heavy
rains eventually controlled the outbreak. HOUSE CRICKET (Acheta
domestica) attacked gram and oil seeds at Usta Mohammad, Sind,
causing extensive damage. JUTE HAIRY CATERPILLAR (Diacrisia
obliqua) attacked rice near Dacca, East Pakistan, in early July.

Truck Crop Insects
RED PUMPKIN BEETLE (Raphidopalpa sp. ) damaged cucurbits at Malir,

Karachi Federal Area.

Fruit Insects

A PEACH BORER (Sphenoptera lafertei) threatens to destroy the entire
peach industry in the Northwest Frontier. No satisfactory control has
been found. The QUETTA BORER (Aecolesthes sarta) and the SHOT HOLE
BORER caused extensive damage to peach and apple trees in Baluchistan.
ALMOND SCALE is spreading rapidly as very little control is being
undertaken. APHIDS on pomegranates caused heavy damage at Loralai,
Baluchistan. CODLING MOTH (Carpocapsa pomonella) damage was
reduced in the Northwest Frontier by control measures. MANGO SHOOT
BORER (Alcides frenatus) damaged mangoes at Mirpurkhas, Sind.
MANGO LEAFHOPPER (Idiocerus atkinsoni) populations were reduced

in the Karachi Federal District and in lower Sind but increased in
abundance at Khairpur. COCONUT SCALE (Aspidiotus destructor) in-
creased in mango orchards of lower Sind. Light to moderate infestations
of the PEACH CURL APHID (Brachycaudus pruni) occurred in Baluchistan,
CITRUS BLACKFLY (Aleurocanthus woglumi) was prevalent on citrus and
mangoes in the Northwest Frontier and lower Sind

Cotton Insects

SPOTTED BOLLWORM (Earias fabia) and SPINY BOLLWORM (Earias
insulana) were generally reduced except for central Sind where-by late
September 30 percent of the bolls were damaged. WHITEFLIES (Bemisia
tabaci) and LEAFHOPPERS (Empoaca devastans) damaged cotton a
Rahimyarkhan, Bahawalpur and Multan, Punjab. Control measures were
undertaken. PINK BOLLWORM (Pectinophora gossypiella) is gaining im-
portance in Sind. TERMITES (Microtermes spp. ) caused extensive dam-
age to cotton in Sind, Bahawalpur and the Punjab.

Stored Grain Insects
Twenty-thousand tons of wheat were completely destroyed at Karachi by
the LESSER GRAIN WEEVIL.

Miscellaneous Insects
MITES (Tetranychus spp. ) populations were lower than usual in tea plan-

- 295 -

tations of East Pakistan. EEL WORMS caused heavy damage to nursery
plantings of tea near Sylhet, East Pakistan. A COFFEE BORER des-
troyed the coffee crop at the Government Plantation near Chittagong,
Fast Pakistan.

AGRICULTURAL RESEARCH SERVICE

PLANT PEST CONTROL BRANCH

ECONOMIC INSECT SURVEY SECTION

The Cooperative Economic Insect Report is
Issued weekly as a service to American Agrl-
culture. Its contentsarecompiled from informa-
tion supplied by cooperating State, Federal, and
industrial entomologists and other agricultural
workers. In releasing this material the Branch
serves as a clearing house and does not assume

responsibility for accuracy of the material.

Reports and inquiries pertaining to this release
should be mailed to:

Economic Insect Survey Section
Plant Pest Control Branch
Agricultural Research Service
United States Department of Agriculture
Washington 25, D. C.

Volume 6 April 13; 1956 INOs 15)
COOP MR VAL IW 1 HOSA OIMAG WINS We IIS Oge ay
Highlights of Insect Conditions

GREENBUG light in scattered Oklahoma counties but some heavy infes-
tations in northeast; light to medium in some north Texas counties; local
infestations in southwestern Missouri; light to severe in southeast Kansas.
(p. 299). ARMYWORM moths appearing as far north as Kentucky,
Missouri, Illinois and Maryland. Large number moths at light traps in
“some areas of Mississippi and Louisiana. (p. 299). EUROPEAN CORN
BORER survival 76 percent in southeastern South Dakota and abundant in
debris in Delaware where 10 percent prepupae at Bridgeville. (p. 300).
BROWN WHEAT MITE light to moderate in areas of Oklahoma, medium
widespread in Denton County, egg laying underway Salt Lake Valley,
Utah, medium infestations in Cuyama Valley, California. (p. 300).

PEA APHID heavy in northwest Arkansas, southern Missouri, central and
northern Louisiana and in Salt River Valley, Arizona. Light in south-
western Illinois and light to heavy in southeastern Kansas. Building up on
Eastern Shore of Maryland. (p. 301). ARMY CUTWORM of concern on
alfalfa and small grains in some areas of Oklahoma and Nebraska. (p. 302).
SWEHETCLOVER WEEVIL becoming active in Nebraska and Delaware.

(p. 302). SPOTTED ALFALFA APHID heavy in southwest Missouri;
Washington County, Utah; Denton County, Texas. Light to heavy infesta-
tions in northwest Arkansas, scattered areas of Oklahoma, southeastern
ee north Texas, and moderate in areas of Arizona and Louisiana.

p. 3802).

CLOVER LEAF WEEVIL causing damage in northwest Arkansas but
counts lower than past three years in Illinois. Also active in North Caro-
lina, Delaware and Maryland. (p. 304). ALFALFA WEEVIL damage
appearing in Virginia, eggs hatching in Delaware, adults active in Mary-
land and southern Idaho, controls applied in Utah. (p. 304).

GREEN PEACH APHID may become serious on spinach on Virginia's
Eastern Shore. Building up rapidly in lettuce in Maricopa County,
Arizona. (p. 807). SPIDER MITES heaviest in three years on straw-
berries in eastern Virginia and attacking this crop in central Kentucky.
Also increasing on sugar beets in Maricopa County, Arizona. (p. 307).

BOLL WEEVIL survival counts about same as last year in Virginia and
survival is expected to be less than last year at Waco, Texas. (pp. 307,
308). COTTON FLEAHOPPER survival expected to be high in central
Texas. (p. 308).

(Continued next page)

298

Observations on some insects of importance in Lebanon. (p. 316).

First Reported Records of Season (by areas)

ARMY WORM moths in Missouri, Ulinois and Maryland. .
GRASSHOPPERS hatching in Oklahoma and Arizona. PALE WESTERN
CUTWORM appearing in Nebraska panhandle. VARIEGATED CUTWORM
moths in Illinois. POTATO LEAFHOPPER at Gainesville, Florida,
March 18. THREE-CORNERED ALFALFA HOPPER in northwest Arkan-
sas. SPITTLEBUGS hatching in Illinois and Maryland; first on straw-
berries in Corvallis, Oregon, April 2. ROSY APPLE APHID hatching in
Pennsylvania. CODLING MOTH pupa at Vincennes, Indiana, April 3.
PEAR PSYLLA hatching in Jackson County, Oregon, April 4; egg-laying
in Ulster County, New York. RED-BANDED LEAF ROLLER eggs at
Vincennes, Indiana, March 28; first adults in Maryland April 4. First
adults of UNSPOTTED TENTIFORM LEAF MINER emerged April 4 in
Maryland. IMPORTED CABBAGEWORM adults in Delaware April 2,
GREEN PEACH APHID hatching March 17 in Washington. COLORADO
POTATO BEETLE on tomatoes in Tift County, Georgia, March 29. First
HORN FLIES in Oklahoma.

WEATHER summary is on page 313.
ADDITIONAL NOTES (p. 315).

TEAK ARK EK KEK KK OK EK KK AK EK KK

Reports in this issue are for the week ending April 6, 1956, unless
otherwise designated.

aQ9g

CEREAL AND FORAGE INSECTS

GREENBUG (Toxoptera graminum) - OKLAHOMA - Light in isolated
fields in Alfalfa and Tillman Counties. (Hatfield, Coppock). Light pop-
ulations and situation under control in previously heavily infested areas

of Grady and Canadian Counties due to rain and heavy predator populations.
Non-existent in most western counties. (Coppock). Very spotted through-
out northeast area. About two percent of fields infested; abundance light
to extremely heavy. (Stiles). TEXAS - Light to medium widespread
infestations on small grain in Hunt, Delta, Rockwall, Kaufman and Van
Zandt Counties but showing decrease. (Hawkins). Light widespread
populations on small grains in Denton County but high temperature and
parasites and predators should eliminate infestations. (Chada).
MISSOURI - Reports of small localized spots in barley and wheat fields

in some southwestern counties bordering Oklahoma and Kansas. (Kyd,
Thomas). KANSAS - Moderate to severe populations in some barley and
wheat fields of Cherokee, Labette, Montgomery and Crawford Counties in
southeast Kansas. Scattered non-economic populations in nearly all
wheat and barley fields in Bourbon, Crawford, Cherokee, Labette, Mont-
gomery, Wilson, Neosho and Allen Counties. Counts in lightly infested
fields ranged from 3 to 40 aphids per 25 sweeps of 15-inch net. Heavily
infested fields contained areas of dead and/or injured plants up to several
acres in area. Lady beetle populations, although still low, slowly in-
creasing. Parasitized aphids in a few fields in Cherokee County.

(Matthew).

ARMYWORM (Bseudaletia unipuncta) - LOUISIANA - Infestation, 4-5
larvae per square foot, in dense barley in Rapides Parish. Light infes-

tations in oats in West Feliciana, East Baton Rouge, Natchitoches and
Bossier Parishes. (Oliver). KENTUCKY - First moths (two) of season
at Lexington, April 2. Appearance seven days ahead of 1955. (Rodriguez).
MISSO URI - Moderate to locally heavy moth flight in extreme southeast
(Kyd, Thomas). ILLINOIS - Moths observed in flight. (Petty et

area.
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Figures = maz Larval
moths trapped infestations \,

300

EUROPEAN CORN BORER(Pyrausta nubilalis) - SOUTH DAKOTA - Sur-
vival in the field averaging 76 percent in southeastern counties. (Hants-
barger). DELAWARE - Abundant generally in stalks and stubble in
southern Kent and Sussex Counties; 10 borers per stalk were maximum
dissected, with 6-8 common. Approximately 10 percent prepupae at
Bridgeville by April 2. (Milliron).

GRASSHOPPERS - OKLAHOMA - Hatching in Greer, Jackson, Kiowa and
Comanche Counties. First-instar nymphs common along roadsides and
in pastures. (Coppock). ARIZONA - Melanoplus sp. nymphs, mostly
first instars, abundant in alfalfa at Theba, Maricopa County. (Ariz.
Coop. Rept. ).

HESSIAN FLY (Phytophaga destructor) - KANSAS - Non-economic infes-
tations in a few fields of Cloud, Mitchell and Rooks Counties. (Jones).

BROWN WHEAT MITE (Petrobia latens) - OKLAHOMA - Populations
moderate in Custer, Washita and northern Kiowa Counties during first
week of April. Rains have caused heavy reduction in southern Kiowa
and Tillman Counties, and it is doubtful these populations will again
reach economic numbers. In most areas winter egg populations have
decreased to low levels and white diapause eggs are increasing rapidly.
(Henderson). Moderate populations in northern tier of counties and
generally light in western counties. (Coppock). Moderate in Kiowa
County. (Hatfield). TEXAS - Medium widespread populations on small
grains, mostly wheat, in Denton County. (Chada). UTAH - First spring-
generation adults in Salt Lake Valley winter wheat and stubble fields
during week ending March 31. Egg laying underway. Populations range
from 2 to 35 per linear foot of drill row. (Lieberman). CALIFORNIA -
Medium heavy infestation in wheat fields in Cuyama Valley of San Luis
Obispo and Santa Barbara Counties. (Cal. Coop. Rept).

ENGLISH GRAIN APHID (Macrosiphum granarium) - KANSAS - Insignifi-
cant populations, 4 to 12 per 25 sweeps of 15-inch net, in most wheat and
barley fields in southeast area. (Matthew).

CORN FLEA BEETLES - ILLINOIS - Average of 67 per 100 sweeps in
clover fields in southwestern area. Fields may have had some grass
also. Average of 4 per 100 sweeps in grass in western area and 14 per
100 sweeps in grass in central area. (Petty et al).

CORN LEAF APHID (Rhopalosiphum maidis) - ARIZONA - General, light
to heavy, infestation on barley in Salt River Valley. Some fields treated.
(Ariz. Coop. Rept. ).

PALE WESTERN CUTWORM (Agratis orthogonia) - NEBRASKA - Again
oe in panhandle area. Specimens from wheat in Cheyenne County.
Roselle).

A WHEAT SAWFLY (Pachynematus sporax) - CALIFORNIA - Total of 19

dults, 35e dace i i i
és AL este Seek arvae found in Cuyama area in 7 wheat fields.

301

PEA APHID (Macrosiphum pisi) - MARYLAND - Building up on alfalfa

on lower Eastern Shore; 2 to 15 per sweep. (U. Md., Ent. Dept. ).
ILLINOIS - Maximum population was 359.6 per 100 sweeps in southwestern
area. (Petty et al). ARKANSAS - Unusually heavy in half of more of
fields in northwestern quarter of State with damaging infestations in
about one-third of them. Lighter in young alfalfa than in older fields.
Estimated 2000-3000 aphids per sweep of 15-inch net in some of most
heavily infested fields. Concurrent infestations of spotted alfalfa aphid
in nearly all fields but damaging numbers in only relatively few. Insec-
ticide applications in many fields for aphid and clover leaf weevil control.
(Warren). LOUISIANA - Very heavy populations in alfalfa in Rapides,
Natchitoches, and Bossier Parishes. (Oliver). TEXAS - Light wide-
spread on vetch in Kaufman County. (Hawkins). MISSOURI - Heavy
numbers continue to build over southern half of State with counts averag-
ing 200 to 500 per crown in many fields. Spraying underway. Generally,
temperatures too low for much parasite or predator activity. (Kya,
Thomas). KANSAS - Found in near.y all alfalfa fields examined in 11
southeast counties. Scattered infestations requiring control in Bourbon,
Crawford, Cherokee, Labette and Montgomery Counties. Counts ranged
from 20 to 1500 aphids per sweep of 15-inch net. Very few spotted alfal-
fa aphid found in fields heavily infested with pea aphids. (Matthew).
OKLAHOMA - Average of 250 per square foot in one alfalfa field in Tulsa
County. (Stiles), ARIZONA - High population, over 500 per sweep, on
alfalfa in Salt River Valley from Mesa to Goodyear. West and south of
this area populations lower, 25 per sweep at Arlington, Maricopa County,
and 100 per sweep at Coolidge, Pinal County. Aphid not a problem out-
side the Salt River Valley. (Ariz. Coop. Rept. ).

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8
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® Reported — S
wt Light Sus
“7/7 Light to heavy NN

302

SOUTHERN CORN ROOTWORM (Diabrotica undecimpunctata howardi)
GEORGIA - Heavily infesting roots of last year’s Sweet corn on approxi-
mately one acre in Fulton County. (Parkinson, March 31).

ARMY CUTWORM (Chorizagrotis auxiliaris) - OKLAHOMA - Moderate to
heavy populations in Alfalfa County small grains. Damage slight and
larvae late instars. Light populations in alfalfa in Grant, Kay and Alfalfa
Counties. Fairly common in roadside grass in Beckham County. (Coppock,
NEBRASKA - Alfalfa fields moderately infested. Averaging 3 per square
foot through Fillmore, Clay and Adams Counties. (Andersen).

CUTWORMS - DELAWARE - Larvae about one-third grown in red clover
at Smyrna and Bridgeville. (Milliron). ILLINOIS - Highest cutworm
population in central area; average of 1 per square foot in clover and
alfalfa. Variegated cutworm moths in flight. (Petty et al). MISSISSIPPI-
Thirty-three Agrotis gladiaria larvae collected in pasture in Oktibbeha
County, March 26-30. (Hutchins). TEXAS - Light widespread on oats,
vetch and barley in Kaufman County. (Hawkins). LOUISIANA - A. gladi-
aria continues to infest crimson clover at one to three per square foot in
Claiborne Parish. (Oliver). WASHINGTON - Glassy cutworm (Crymodes
devastator) again infesting large field of Merion bluegrassgrown for seed
near Pomeroy. This field nearly complete loss in 1955. Bunches of turf
examined March 30 contained 6-12 or more young cutworms. (Cook).

LEAFHOPPERS - SOUTH DAKOTA - Aceratagallia sp. and Cuerna
lateralis adults becoming active in alfalfa and sweetclover of southern
area. Light populations. (Hantsbarger). UTAH - Dikraneura carneola
common on winter wheat and grass in northern areas. (Knowlton).
LOUISIANA - Empoasca sp. infesting alfalfa in Natchitoches Parish at
12 per 100 sweeps. (Oliver).

POTATO LEAFHOPPER (Empoasca fabae) - FLORIDA - One adult per 50
sweeps on lupine at Gainesville, March 18, (Mead).

THREE-CORNERED ALFALFA HOPPER (Spissistilus festinus) - ARK-
ANSAS - Collected for first time this season in northwest area on vetch
and alfalfa. (Warren).

SWEETCLOVER WEEVIL (Sitona cylindricollis) - NEBRASKA - Becoming
more active, from 3 to 4 per 25 sweeps in alfalfa in southeastern area.
(Andersen). DELAWARE - Adults emerging from hibernation. (Milliron).

CLOVER ROOT CURCULIO (Sitona hispidula) - MARYLAND - From 2 to
8 adults per 100 sweeps on alfalfa and clover in Talbot, Worcester and
Wicomico Counties. (U. Md., Ent. Dept. ).

A LEAFROLLER (Platynota stultana) - ARIZONA - Adults average 5 per
sweep in large alfalfa field in Pinal County. (Ariz. Coop. Rept. ).

303

SPOTTED ALFALFA APHID - MISSOURI - Heavy build-up in extreme
southwest area causing severe wilting or death of plants in some in-
stances. (Kyd, Thomas), ARKANSAS - Occurring with pea aphid in
about half of alfalfa fields examined in northwest quarter of State.
Damaging numbers in relatively few fields, but extremely heavy in spots
in such fields. (Warren). OKLAHOMA - Heavy populations causing
heavy to severe damage in isolated fields of Grant, Kay, Logan and
Tillman Counties. Rains and heavy predator populations have reduced
populations in most south central counties. (Coppock). Heavy popula-
tions in many sections of Choctaw, Tulsa and Bryan Counties. (Bower

et al). Fifteen alfalfa fields in Washington, Rogers, Mayes, Sequoyah
and Tulsa Counties showed infestation from 25 to more than 4, 000 per
square foot. Many winged forms. Some spraying in all sections.
(Stiles). Most serious insect damage continues to be form spotted alfalfa
aphid and abandonment of alfalfa is increasing over wide area of State.
(Okla. Wkly. Cp. & Weath. Bull.). TEXAS - Heavy widespread on alfalfa
in Denton County. (Chada). Medium to heavy widespread on alfalfa in
Kaufman, Delta and Hunt Counties. (Simmons, Hawkins). KANSAS -
Alfalfa fields surveyed in 10 southeast counties. Moderate to severe
populations (as high as 2, 000 aphids per sweep of 15-inch net) were found
in several fields in Cherokee, Labette and Montgomery Counties, while
Other fields in these counties had light to moderate infestations (200 to
800 per sweep). Populations mostly wingless adults and nymphs; how-
ever, numerous winged adults noted. Several hundred acres sprayed.
Light to moderate infestations in Crawford, Neosho and Wilson Counties
and non-economic counts in Bourbon, Allen, Woodson and Linn Counties.
Lady beetles were nowhere abundant but larvae were found in southern
counties. (Matthew). No spotted alfalfa aphids found in several southwest
central counties. (Gates). NEBRASKA - None found in southeastern
counties. (Andersen). ARIZONA - Survey of alfalfa in 11 counties in

teweoe

wees Moderate
(#) Light to moderate
in 11 counties

past three weeks showed following trends. Dormant stands at intermedi-
ate elevations showed little or no infestations; new growth had light in-
festation. Infestation ran from 15 to 50 per sweep at lower elevations.
Yuma area appears to be only one that has already had moderate numbers
on new growth and in this area treated fields are aphid-free or have low

304

numbers. (Ariz. Coop. Rept.). UTAH - Extremely numerous in
Washington County alfalfa. (Knowlton). LOUISIANA - Moderate infes-
tations remain in alfalfa in Bossier, Natchitoches and Red River Par-
ishes. Several species of lady beetles and predaceous hemiptera very
abundant. (Oliver).

CLOVER LEAF WEEVIL (Hypera punctata) - DELAWARE - Larvae
active on red clover and alfalfa generally. (Milliron). MARYLAND -
Light on alfalfa and clover on Eastern Shore. Some diseased larvae noted.
(U. Md., Ent. Dept.) NORTH CAROLINA - Light general infestation
on Ladino clover in Johnston County. (Rabb). ARKANSAS - Causing
damage in some alfalfa fields in northwest quarter of State. Larval
counts ranged from 6 per square foot in Washington County to 16 in
Newton and Boone Counties. Insecticide applications in many fields

for aphids and weevil. Warren). ILLINOIS - Highest average population
per section of the State was 13 per square foot in southeastern Dlinois.
Population in southwestern area was 8.5 per square foot and larval
population in central section was 7.5 per square foot. In other areas
population lower. ‘These counts much lower than in 1958, 1954 and
1955. (Petty et al).

THRIPS - UTAH - Survival high in northern Utah alfalfa fields and
orchards. (Knowlton).

SPITTLEBUGS - ILLINOIS - Hatching in extreme southeastern area.
(Petty et.al).

MEADOW SPITTLEBUG (Philaenus leucophthalmus) - MARYLAND -
First nymphs of season on weeds near alfalta, ot County, April 4.
(U. Md., Ent. Dept. ).

ALFALFA WEEVIL (Hypera postica) - VIRGINIA - Overwintered adults
in most alfalfa fields in Richmond area and eastward. In many of these
counties larvae very active and damage noticeable in tops of alfalfa.
Upward of 90 percent of eggs have hatched. (Willey). No larvae found
west of Lynchburg (Rowell), but active in Brunswick County (Marshall)
and Goochland County (Truett). DELAWARE - Adult feeding general.
Egg laying and first hatching of overwintered eggs at Bridgeville

April 2. (Milliron). MARYLAND - Adults becoming active in alfalfa

in Talbot, Worcester and Wicomico Counties. Mating evident. (U. Md.,
Ent. Dept.). UTAH - Controls applied to several thousand acres ina
number of counties. (Knowlton), IDAHO - Adults active and feeding in
all fields checked between Parma and Homedale, but populations lower
than in previous years. Adults in fair numbers in Idaho Falls area.
(Portman).

TARNISHED PLANT BUG (Lygus lineolaris) - ILLINOIS - Maximum
population was average of 26 per 100 sweeps in east southeastern area.
(Petty et al) SOUTH DAKOTA - Adults becoming active in alfalfa in
southern counties. Light populations. (Hantsbarger). LOUISIANA -
Fight to twelve per 100 sweeps of alfalfa in Rapides, Natchitoches and
Bossier Parishes. (Oliver), PENNSYLVANIA - Numbers found in
legumes in York County. (Pepper).

305
FRUIT INSECTS

ROSY APPLE APHID (Anuraphis roseus) - NEW JERSEY - Common in
many apple plantings. (Merrill). PENNSYLVANIA - Eggs beginning to
hatch in Franklin, York and Adams Counties. (Pepper, Asquith).

APPLE APHID (Aphis pomi) - PENNSYLVANIA - Peak of hatching in
Franklin, York and Adams Counties. (Pepper, Asquith), MARYLAND -
Hatching occurring during past ten days. (U. Md. Ent. Dept. ).

APPLE GRAIN APHID (Rhopalosiphum fitchii) - PENNSYLVANIA - Peak
of hatching in Franklin, York and Adams Counties. (Pepper, Asquith).
DELAWARE - Hatching continues. (Late News). OREGON - Moderate to
heavy infestations on pear fruit buds in Jackson County. (Gentner).

APHIDS - INDIANA - Rather heavy populations on apples in Lawrence
and Orange Counties. (Marshall).

ORCHARD MITES - N2jW JERSEY - Red mite eggs very numerous. Mite
problem appears worse than in 1955. (Merrill). UTAH - Eggs of Bryobia

raetiosa light to threateningly abundant in Weber County apple orchards.
Dae Knowlton).

EUROPEAN RED MITE (Metatetranychus ulmi) - IDAHO - All trees ex-
amined in Boise Valley had eggs. Damage expected unless treatment
used. (Portman).

PEAR LEAF BLISTER MITE (Eriophyes pyri) - WASHINGTON - Appears
unusually abundant on mature, bearing pear trees in the Sawyer- Zillah
area. (Lanchester).

PLUM CURCULIO (Conotrachelus nenuphar) - ARKANSAS - In Nashville
area, 30 adults collected from 14 trees. None in Clarksville area.
(Warren). GEORGIA - Correction: CEIR 6(13):267, note should be
credited to Snapp. (Johnson).

CODLING MOTH (Carpocapsa pomonella) - INDIANA - One pupa found
April 3 in Vincennes area. (Hamilton).

PEAR THRIPS (Taeniothrips inconsequens) - OREGON - Infestations
comparatively light on prunes. Began to emerge March 28. (Jones).

PEAR PSYLLA (Psylla pyricola) - OREGON - Eggs hatching in Jackson
County, April 4. (Gentner). WASHINGTON - Small numbers of eggs.

(Lanchester).

RED-BANDED LEAF ROLLER (Argyrotaenia velutinana) - INDIANA -
Eggs first found in Vincennes area March 28. (Hamilton). MARYLAND -
First adults from field cages, April 4. (U. Md. Ent. Dept. ).

UNSPOTTED TENTIFORM LEAF MINER (Callisto geminatella) -
MARYLAND - First adults emerged from field cages April 4. (U. Md.
Ent. Dept.).

306

SAN JOSE SCALE (Aspidiotus perniciosus) - CALIFORNIA - Heavy in-
festations of immature females under bark of apple trees in El Dorado
County. (Cal. Coop. Rept.). IDAHO - Scattered infestations in 4-5
orchards examined in Boise Valley. Infestations varied up to consider-
able numbers. (Portman).

EASTERN TENT CATERPILLAR (Malacosoma americanum) - MARY-
LAND - First tents of season on wild cherry at Lanham, Prince Georges
County. (U2 Mdi, Ent: yD epi):

CATFACING INSECTS - ARKANSAS - Twenty-six tarnished plant bugs
and 35 stink bugs jarred from 14 trees. (Warren). INDIANA - Two
tarnished plant bugs and eight stink bugs jarred from 20 trees in Vin-
cennes area. (Hamilton).

A PLUM MITE (Diptacus gigantorhynchus) - OREGON - Hundreds. of
hibernating adults in fruit bud clusters of plums in an orchard in Jackson
County, March 29. (Gentner).

A CERAM BYCID—ARIZONA - Found in dead branches of oranges ina
Small area at Tempe with up to ten larvae per tree. (Ariz. Coop. Rept. )

Citrus Pest Situation in Florida, March 30

Peak of present hatch of PURPLE SCALE passed and new hatch will start
late in May. Hatching of FLORIDA RED SCALE at peak and declining
trend expected. CITRUS RED MITE activity at very high level but near
peak. Unless spring rains are abundant, level will be high through June.
SIX-SPOTTED MITE infestations continue low except in a few unsprayed
groves. (Pratt, Thompson, Johnson).

TRUCK CROP INSECTS

COLORADO POTATO BEETLE (Leptinotarsa decemlineata) - GEORGIA -
Moderately infesting tomatoes in Tift County, March 29. (Morgan).

CUTWORMS - GEORGIA - Moderate infestations on tomato transplants
in Madison County, March 3 (Johnson).

YELLOW-STRIPED ARMYWORM (Prodenia ornithogalli) - FLORIDA -
Larvae averaging 40 per leaf of tomato at Miami, Dade County, March 27.
(Daigle).

HARLEQUIN BUG (Murgantia histrionica) - MISSISSIPPI - Adults feeding
on crucifers in Oktibbeha County. (Hutchins).

IMPORTED CABBAGEWORM (Pieris rapae) - DELAWARE - A few
adults in Sussex County, April 2. (Milliron).

POTATO PSYLLID (Paratrioza cockerelli) - ARIZONA - Adults and eggs
numerous on 100 acres of potatoes at Queen Creek, Maricopa County.
(Ariz. Coop. Rept. )

307

GREEN PEACH APHID (Myzus persicae) - VIRGINIA - Potentially seri-
ous situation on spinach in Fastern Shore area. (Hofmaster). ARIZONA -
Building up rapidly on most lettuce fields at Mesa and Queen Creek,
Maricopa County. (Ariz. Coop. Rept.). WASHINGTON - Reported hatch-
ing March 17. Many not hatched. Some mature aphids. (Lanchester).

SEED-CORN MAGGOT (Hylemya cilicrura)- VIRGINIA - Causing some
damage to spinach in Norfolk area. (Hofmaster).

BEET LEAFHOPPER (Circulifer tenellus) - CALIFORNIA - Dry weather
expected to make spraying unnecessary near Maricopa, Kern County.
(Caley iCoop.-Rept:,)t

MITES - KENTUCKY - Infestation of Tetranychus sp. attacking new
strawberry growth in central area. (Rodriguez). VIRGINIA - Heaviest
infestations of spider mites on strawberries in Norfolk area in three
years. (Hofmaster). ARIZONA - Spider mites, probably Tetranychus
telarius, becoming heavy in sugar beet seed fields in Tolleson area
Maricopa County, but not a major problem yet. (Ariz. Coop. Rept. \.

MEADOW SPITTLEBUG (Philaenus leucophthalmus) - OREGON - First
reported on strawberries in Corvallis, April 2. (Rosenstiel).

TOBACCO BUDWORM (Heliothis sp.) - GEORGIA - Lightly infesting
tobacco plant bed in Tift County, April 3. (Morgan).

TOBACCO FLEA BEETLE (Hpitrix hirtipennis) - NORTH CAROLINA -
oer tobacco plant beds in Wilson County showing light damage.
Guthrie).

COTTON INSECTS

Boll Weevil Survival Counts in Virdinia

April 3-4, 10 square yards of surface woods trash were examined from
samples collected last week in March in southeastern Virginia. These
examinations were made on the same farm sites from which the 1955
fall examinations were made with the exception of Mecklenburg pouty.
In this county, because of rains, only two out of five of the original fa
sites were examined. The 1955 fall examinations showed an average

of 1, 476 live boll weevils per acre, while the 1956 spring examinations
showed an average of 85 per acre, giving a winter survival of 5.7 com-
pared with a survival of 3.5 percent for the winter of 1954-55. The
number this spring is only slightly more than that found in the spring

of 1955 (73 per acre) and considerably less than the numbers found in
the spring examinations for 1950, 1951, 1952 and 1954. (Walker, Morris,
Willey, Harrell, et al).

308

Boll Weevil and Cotton Fleahopper Hibernation and Survival Studies at
‘Waco, ‘lexas, during the Winter o -

Boll Weevil

Five hundred field-collected boll weevils were installed on October 27,
1955, in each of 10 cages located in a wood lot in a continuance of sur-
vival studies made each year beginning with the winter of 1939-1940.
Boll weevil activity is recorded almost daily until removal of surviving
weevils begins on May 1 of each year. There was no activity during
March of 1956. The dry weather accounts for the lack of activity. The
winter was rather mild in addition to being very dry. Freezing temper-
atures occurred on a total of 38 days. The lowest temperature recorded
for the winter was 20° on December 16, 1955. Since the winter was mild,
survival can be expected to be comparable with that which occurred in
1954 (2.9 percent), 1953 (2.3 percent), 1950 (4.3 percent), but probably
considerably less than in 1955 (11.1 percent). Observations made last
fall indicated that weevils entered hibernation quarters in about normal
numbers for the area.

Cotton Fleahopper
Collections of two species of croton were made on November 21, 1955,

for the cotton fleahopper survival studies. One hundred Croton texensis
plants were collected from one location in each of Bell, Coryell, an
Bosque Counties. One hundred Croton capitatus plants were collected
from one location in each of McLennan, Falls, Limestone and Hill
Counties. These host plants (100 plants per cage) were installed on
February 29, 1956. The first emergence of cotton fleahoppers occurred
on February 29. A total of 17 nymphs emerged during February and
March. Emergence was light due to the extremely dry weather. In
1955 the first emergence occurred on March 4 and the emergence for
the month was 2492. In 1954 the first emergence occurred on February
17 and the emergence during February and March was 326. Late summer
and early fall rains in 1955 were favorable for the development of a good
crop of croton in central Texas. It was heavily infested with cotton
fleahoppers and egg deposition was heavy. It is expected that survival
will be high but owing to the dry weather the hatch will be late. The ex-
tremely dry weather during most of February and all of March indicates
that development of spring host plants such as evening primrose and
horsemint will be late. If their development is considerably delayed,
development of cotton fleahopper populations will be delayed, and if
horsemint does not mature until mid-June, then injurious infestations

on cotton could occur during the mid-season period. If host plant de-
velopment is normal for the area, migration of the pest to cotton

occurs in late May and early June and damage is prevented through

the use of the early-season insect control program with the last insecti-
cidal application being scheduled for the week occurring prior to June 10.
(Parencia et al).

309

BOLL WEEVIL (Anthonomus grandis) - TEXAS - Feeding on termi-
nals of young cotton in lower Rio Grande Valley. (Deer).

BOLLWORMS - TEXAS - Causing some damage to cotton terminals
in lower Rio Grande Valley. (Deer).

PINK BOLLWORM (Pectinophora gossypiella) - OKLAHOMA - None
found in 4920 square yards of debris from 168 fields in 14 eastern coun-
ties. Four hve and 79 dead larvae in 22 samples from standing stalks

in Caddo, Cotton, Jackson, Stephens and Tillman Counties. (Bower et al).

CUTWORMS - TEXAS - Heavy populations in parts of San Patricio
County. (Pawlik). Still present in lower Rio Grande Valley. (Deer).

A CATERPILLAR (Noctuelia rufofascialis) - TEXAS - Damaging termi-
nals of young cotton south of Alamo. (Deer).

THRIPS - TEXAS - Causing some damage to cotton interplanted with
onions in Brownsville area and south of LaFeria. (Deer).

INSECTS AFFECTING MAN AND ANIMALS

CATTLE GRUBS - OKLAHOMA - Heel flies chasing cattle in Pushmataha
County. (Gowen).

HORN F'LY (Siphona irritans) - OKLAHOMA - First flies of Season
during week. (Gowen).

SHEEP SCAB MITE (Psoroptes equi ovis} - VIRGINIA - Found on 390
of 589 head inspected, and 301 were dipped during March. (Va. Livestock
Health Bul., March).

SHEEP KED (Melophagus ovinus) - UTAH - Reported high in some flocks
that are shorn. (Knowlton).

FOREST, ORNAMENTAL AND SHADE TREE INSECTS

PINE NEEDLE SCALE (probably Phenacaspis pinifoliae) - NORTH
CAROLINA - Crawlers occurring on white pine in Buncombe County.
(Green).

EUROPEAN ELM SCALE (Gossyparia spuria) - IDAHO - Heavy infes-
tations caused serious injury to elm trees at University arboretum at
Moscow. (Manis).

BAGWORMS - PENNSYLVANIA - Rather high populations on ornamentals
in western area, March 22. No parasitism. (Cole).

310

VICEROY (Limenitis archippus) - MISSISSIPPI - Overwintering larvae
feeding on cottonwood foliage in Washington County. (Morris).

OYSTERSHELL SCALE (Lepidosaphes ulmi) - IDAHO - Heavy infesta-
tions caused serious injury to green ash at University arboretum,
Moscow. (Barr).

BOXWOOD LEAF MINER (Monarthropalpus buxi) - DELAWARE -
Abundant in American boxwood at Newark. (MacCreary).

COTTONY-CUSHION SCALE (Icerya purchasi) - GEORGIA - Adults and
crawlers heavily infesting Pittosporum, March 30. (Jordan).

A MILLIPEDE (Oxidus gracilis) - FLORIDA - Severely infesting philo-
dendron at Cutler, Dade County, March 13. (Miles).

Correction: CEIR 6(14):285. Should read A SCALE (Phenacaspis
nyssae).

STORED PRODUCTS INSECTS

Stored Grain Insects, Arkansas
Of 74 bins of farm-stored rice and oats examined in the Stuttgart-Dewitt

area, 17 were infested with one or more Species. ‘Lribolium Sp. in-
fested three bins, saw- -toothed grain beetle in 14 bins; flat grain beetle
in three; cadelle in one; and miscellaneous insects in nine bins. (Rouse).

KHAPRA BEETLE (Trogoderma granarium) - CALIFORNIA - Four
premises fumigated in southern area. Total infestations in 18 counties
268 comprising 64, 383,707 cubic feet. Premises fumigated are 143
with 45, 305, 852 cubic feet. (Cal. Coop. Rept. ).

A DERMESTID (Trogoderma versicolor) - NORTH DAKOTA - Infesting
seed samples at Fargo. Some injury to stored grain seed samples. De-
termination reaffirmed by W. H. Anderson. (Post).

BENEFICIAL INSECTS

CONVERGENT LADY BEETLE (Hippodamia convergens) - ARIZONA -
Larvae and pupae abundant, up to 15 per sweep in one alfalfa field at
Theba and Goodyear. Small numbers in alfalfa elsewhere in State.
(Ariz. Coop. Rept. ).

DAMSEL BUGS (Nabis sp. )- SOUTH DAKOTA - Overwintering adults
becoming active in alfalfa fields in southern counties. Populations light.
(Hantsbarger).

Sul

MISCELLANEOUS INSECTS

TERMITES - KENTUCKY - Many specimens of winged forms received
during March. (Price). PENNSYLVANIA - Swarming in homes in
Lackawanna, Franklin and York Counties. (Gesell, Pepper). VIRGINIA -
Sexual forms of subterranean termites emerging in all areas. (Rowell).
UTAH - Subterranean termites damaging a large home at Providence.
(Knowlton).

PILLBUGS - WASHINGTON - Annoying in houses at Union Gap latter
part of March. (Landis).

PAVEMENT ANT (Tetramorium caespitum) - PENNSYLVANIA - Heavy
swarming in several homes in Lackawanna County. (Gesell).

BROWN-BANDED ROACH (Supella supellectilium) - NORTH DAKOTA -
Becoming established in State. Reported from Fargo, Carrington and
Dickinson in 1954 and abundant in a home in Fargo in 1955. (Post).

BOXELDER BUG (Leptocoris trivittatus) - NEBRASKA - Very prevalent
eee State. (Andersen). KENTUCKY - Many inquiries received.
IPI eS)).

CLOVER MITE (Bryobia praetiosa) - IDAHO ~ Eggs hatched in Moscow
area. (Manis). NEBRASKA - Very prevalent throughout State. (Andersen).
KANSAS - Several infestations in homes in Shawnee and Wyandotte Coun-
ties. (Brady). UTAH - Invading numerous homes in Salt Lake and Weber
Counties. (Knowlton). VIRGINIA - Reports received of activity in resi-
dences in many parts of State. (Rowell). MARYLAND - Annoying to
householders Baltimore area. (U. Md., Ent. Dept. ).

Insect Conditions in Puerto Rico

GREEN PEACH APHID (Myzus persicae) noted for first time in tobacco
seed beds: at Cayey and Isabela. Infestation of pigeon pea pods by
TOBACCO BUDWORM (Heliothis virescens) at Isabela this winter aver-
aged only 6 percent. Winged adults of a TERMITE (Crytotermes
cavifrons (det. T. E. Snyder)) noted in October at Rio Piedras. A
CATERPILLAR (Pseudosphinx tetrio) defoliated white frangipani trees
(Plumeria alba) in Santurce, Rio Piedras and Isabela in November 1955.
A PARASITE (Lixophaga diatraeae) was nearly 100 percent effective
against Sugarcane borer (Diatraea saccharalis) in upland rice at Caguas
in October. (Wolcott).

312

RECENT INTERCEPTIONS AT PORTS OF ENTRY

Of interest was the recent interception of living eggs, pupae, and adult of
the citrus blackfly (Aleurocanthus woglumi) on orange leaves in baggage
from Mexico at San Ysidro, California (Maner), Laredo, Texas (Davis),
and FE] Paso (Green). This insect is considered an important pest of citrus
and other fruits in parts of Mexico, Central America, the West Indies,

and the Far East. It has been reported from more than 150 plants, includ-
ing mango, coffee, myrtle, cherimoye, sapote, persimmon, pear, guava,
and varieties of citrus. Injury is due to the feeding of the larvae on the
underside of the leaves. This is said to impair the vitality and hinder
growth of the trees and affect the quality of the fruit. The foliage is also
disfigured by sooty mold that develops on the excretions of the insect.

Observations on the biology of the citrus blackfly in the Canal Zone indi-
cate that 3-6 generations a year may occur. Eggs are deposited in spirals
of 30-50 on the underside of the leaves. One female may deposit about 100
eggs. They hatch in 11-20 days. There are 3 larval instars with a larval
period of 18-70 days. Pupal stage lasts 16-80 days. Adults live 6-12 days.

Living specimens of Aleurocanthus woglumi have been intercepted on
numerous occasions at Mexican border ports in recent years since the
introduction and spread of the insect in Mexico.

(Compiled - Plant Quarantine Branch).

Since January 1, 1956, seven infestations of citrus blackfly have been

found in Texas between Brownsville and Laredo. In each instance the
Texas Department of Agriculture has initiated prompt eradicative measures
consisting of spraying the infestation and a surrounding security area with
three applications of an oil-rotenone spray at 21-day intervals.

SEK KK RK RK RR RK RK ACK

Correction: Summary of Insect Conditions in New York 1955. CEIRp. 156,
February 24, 1956. Re-wording: CORN EARWORM (Heliothis zea) was
the greatest problem of sweet corn this past season. Damage was most
extensive on Long Island where infestations of ears ranged up to 100 per-
cent by late August and in the Hudson Valley where the species first ap-
peared in small numbers in the tassels in June. From late July to late
September in the mid-Hudson area, the percentages of ears damaged
ranged from 40 to 90 percent in unsprayed plantings. (La Plante).

313

WEATHER FOR THE WEEK ENDING APRIL 9, 1956

Widespread moderate to strong winds on several days, sharply fluctuat-
ing temperatures, duststorms in the Southwest, numerous tornadoes, and
severe thundersqualls with hail from the central and lower Great Plains
to the Great Lakes, near blizzard conditions in the Red River of the North
and upper Mississippi Valleys, heavy rains in most of the South even as
drought intensified in Florida, and one of the worst April snowstorms in
many years in the Northeast were some of the week's weather highlights
as a series of storm systems moved across the Great Plains to the Great
Lakes and another one crossed the eastern States from the lower Missis-
sippi Valley to New England. In the eastern half of the country unseason-
ably warm weather with maxima of 90° or above in the Rio Grande Valley
prevailed until the weekend, when a cold air intrusion reduced tempera-
tures by 15° or 20°. Under the influence of the warm weather the snow
cover retreated to extreme northern areas, maple sugaring activities
increased in Michigan, and fields were green as far north as Pennsylvania.

Heavy rains which fell in the East about midweek totaled 2 to over 4 inches
in Tennessee and most of Alabama, Mississippi, and Louisiana, and over
an inch in most of the remainder of the East. The rains bypassed Florida
and extreme southern Georgia, however, where extensive irrigation is
necessary. No station in Florida reported as much as one-tenth of an
inch of rain and most stations reported no rain at all; pastures continued
in poor condition, a high fire hazard exists except in the northern portion,
streams and lakes are unusually low, and many wells are failing.

Drought also continued to plague large areas in the lower Great Plains

and in the upper Mississippi Valley. Dust and wind further damaged wheat
in west Texas, New Mexico, and Colorado, but Kansas and Oklahoma re-
ceived some rain and snow, which settled the dust and furnished some
beneficial moisture. Precipitation was very light in the Far West except
for some moderate to heavy amounts in the central Rocky Mountain region.

Temperatures for the week averaged above normal in the East and below

in the West, with the dividing line extending from Del Rio, Texas, to
International Falls, Minnesota. Extreme anomalies ranged from +9° at
Grand Rapids, Michigan, to -6° or above at several stations in the northern
Great Plains.

The snow cover which retreated to the higher mountains & sections along the
Canadian Border during the first part of the week was extended over the
Appalachians to southwestern Virginia on the 8th, and at the same time
snow which was still falling in the central Great Plains at the end of the
period ranged in depth from 1 to over 4 inches in extensive areas of

Kansas, Nebraska, and adjacent areas.

The weekend snowstorm in the Northeast was reported to be the most
severe April snowstorm in Maine, Massachusetts, New Hampshire, and
Vermont in 23 years. Following the storm depths in eastern New York

State ranged up to 25 inches fre Catskills and 16 inches in eastern
(Weather continued on page 3

314

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315

LIGHT TRAP COLLECTIONS (Cont'd)

MARYLAND - (Montgomery County 4/3-6) Pseudaletia unipuncta 35,
Prodenia ornithogalli 7, Agrotis ypsilon 23, Peridroma margaritosa 7.
ALABAMA - (Auburn 4/2-7) PB. unipuncta 1. ARKANSAS (Stuttgart
3/29 - 4/4) PB. unipuncta 69, P. ornithogalli 4, A. ypsilon 6, Helio-
this zea 3; (Van Buren 3/30-4/5) P. unipuncta 6; (Fayetteville 3731-
477) PB. unipuncta 57, P. ornithogalli if A. ypsilon 13.

ADDITIONAL NOTES

NEW YORK - One adult PEAR PSYLLA found April 6, Orange County;
egg-laying heavy April 5 and 6 in protected areas Ulster County;
adults noted March 27, Niagara County. (Wkly. News Lett. ).

WASHINGTON - IRIS WHITEFLY (Aleyrodes spiraeoides) in flight
March 28 at Union Gap. (Landis).

ILLINOIS - One TARNISHED PLANT BUG jarred from trees April 4
at Mounds and sweeping in alfalfa showed only slight increase at Crab
Orchard Lake, April 4. EUROPEAN RED MITE eggs hatching in
Jackson County. APHIDS beginning to hatch. Eggs very scarce in
southern and central areas and none on foliage. (Chandler).

FRE A AK OK OK OK AR OK OK 2K 2K 6 2 2 2K 2K KK OK

WEATHER (Continued from p. 318).

Long Island, while in New England depth ranged from a few inches

along the coast up to nearly 2 feet in some interior sections. High
winds caused widespread damage along the New England Coast, and
the combined action of wind and snow downed many utility lines in
the interior.

Of the numerous midwestern tornadoes on the 3d, those in Michigan
apparently were the most disastrous, with 18 deaths, 200 injuries,
and $12, 000, 000 property damage being reported for the State with
the Grand Rapids area suffering the heaviest losses. Wisconsin re-
ported 9 deaths and scores of injuries. Indiana reported 22 injuries
and $300, 000 damage in Washington County. One death and several
thousand dollars damage occurred near Henderson, Kentucky. Tor-
nadoes also occurred in several other States from which no estimates
of a have been received. (Summary. Supplied by U. S. Weather
Bureau).

316

Observations on Some Insects of Importance in Lebanon*
Reported by E. R. Millet

As 1955 was the writer's first year in Lebanon, conditions cannot be
compared with previous years.

Fruit Insects

OLIVE FRUIT FLY (Dacus oleae) was extremely heavy with 80-100 per-
cent infestation where olive fruit was found at higher altitudes. Because
of a heavy crop in 1954 and an extremely mild winter following, the
groves in the two large coastal areas at Choueifat and Zghorta had no
dormancy period and consequently were void of fruit. A SCOLYTID
(Phloeotribus scarabaeoides) is sometimes serious in olive trees. It
makes shot-holes in the bark and forms galleries and tunnels under the
bark. Damage by the MEDITERRANEAN FRUIT FLY (Ceratitis capitata)
was serious in all fruits that it attacks, particularly pomegranates. Dam-
age in citrus fruits, however, was not as serious as in other fruits.
Apples in better-kept orchards where spray programs were followed had
practically no damage from CODLING MOTH (Carpocapsa pomonella)

but damage was considerable where spraying was not done. APPLE
APHID (Aphis pomi) and WOOLLY APPLE APHID (Eriosoma lanigerum)
were prevalent in poorly-kept orchards, with the latter heavy in these
and the former occurring even in the better-kept orchards. KUROPEAN
RED MITE (Metatetranychus ulmi) was found quite freely in orchards
where no spray program was followed and was light in sprayed orchards.

A BUPRESTID BORER (Capnodis sp.) attacks the trunk and base of apple
and other trees and LEOPARD MOTH (Zeuzera pyrina) larvae attack
many fruit trees. A LACE BUG (Stephanitis a was observed more
frequently on apples than pears. OLIVE SCALE (Parlatoria oleae) was
found more prevalent on apples and pears than olive. Severe infestations of
a GRAPE BERRY es (Lobesia botrana) and Scion (nee
(Phylloxera vitifoliae) were observed on grapes. A CICADA (Chlorop-
salta ziridissima) is quite destructive on grapes but little is known about
it. Bananas in Lebanon have no important insects but FLORIDA RED
SCALE (Chrysomphalus aonidum),as well as other scales is found on
them when the g#d6ves are near citrus. APHIDS are also found on
bananas. On citrus fruits, particularly oranges, both CALIFORNIA RED
SCALE (Aonidiella aurantii) (called the black scale in Lebanon) and
FLORIDA RED SCALE were’ extremely severe in the coastal area of
central and north Lebanon. AI] stages were found the year around. This
seems to be due chiefly to the fact that the trees are crowded and overlap
each other along with the lack of proper control and cultural measures.
In south Lebanon where more recently-developed orchards with proper
Spacing and culture occur, few scales were found, even where only one

*In so far as possible scientific names have been cleared with ARS
records.

317

spraying a year was applied. SPIDER MITES were quite a problem
on citrus and CITRUS RUST MITE (Phyllocoptruta oleivora) was ex-
tremely severe, particularly on lemons. MEDITERRANEAN FRUIT
FLY was also a problem in the citrus crop.

Truck Crop and Vegetable Insects

Truck crops and vegetables were damaged considerably by WHITE GRUBS
(Melolontha melolontha and Polyphylla fullo) and MOLE CRICKETS (Gryl-
lotalpa Sp., prob. gryllotalpa). POTATO TUBERWORM (Gnorimoschema
operculella) was quite Serious in the Bekaa Valley. CUTIWORMS, mostly
Agrotis ypsilon, also damaged truck crops. CABBAGEWORMS (Pieris
sp.) were also observed. As in 1954, there was a serious outbreak of
APHIDS (Aphis sp ) in bush beans near Jib-Jinnine in the Bekaa,

Cereal and Forage Insects

The most serious insect observed damaging corn at the three USOM
experiment stations was the EUROPEAN CORN BORER (Pyrausta nubil-
alis). Damage was heavy. A LEPIDOPTERON (Syringopais temperatella)
is very damaging to wheat in the spring. ‘The larvae feed on the young
leaves. SEN PEST (Burygaster integriceps) was also quite serious on
wheat, particularly in the Bekaa. Alfalfa in the Bekaa receives no con-
trol, yet APHIDS are apparently held in check by a parasite (Praon sp. )
and a predator (Coccinella sp. ).

Tobacco Insects

Tobacco is a major crop in southeast Lebanon. Chief pests include
ONION THRIPS (Thrips tabaci), BLACK CUTWORM (Agrotis ypsilon)
and WHITE GRUBS (Melolontha sp. and Polyphylla sp. ).

Cotton Insects

Cotton, which is a limited crop in Lebanon, was severely attacked by
SPINY BOLLWORM (Farias insulana), COTTON APHID (Aphis gossypii)
and THRIPS were also of concern.

Nut Insects
Worst pests of nuts, mostly pistachios and almonds, are COLEOPTER-

OUS BORERS which attack the nut itself.

Miscellaneous Insects

HOUSE FLY (Musca domestica) populations are high during summer in
Beirut, particularly around dairies and country villages where there is a
lack of proper sanitation. COCKROACHES, especially Juche supellec-
tilium and Blattella germanica, caused numerous complaints in Beirut,
AMERICAN COCKRGACT: (Periplaneta americana) was not noted so
freely, however.

RNG
vine

AGRICULTURAL RESEARCH SERVICE

PLANT PEST CONTROL BRANCH

ECONOMIC INSECT SURVEY SECTION

The Cooperative Economic Insect Report Is
Issued weekly as a service to American Agrl-
culture. Its contentsare compiled from informa-
tion supplied by cooperating State, Federal, and
industrial entomologists and other agricultural
workers. In releasing this material the Branch
serves as a clearing house and does not assume

responsibility for accuracy of the material.

Reports and inquiries pertaining to this release
should be mailed to:

Economic Insect Survey Section
Plant Pest Control Branch
Agricultural Research Service
United States Department of Agriculture
Washington 25, D. C.

Volume 6 April 20, 1956 No. 16
COOPERATIVE ECONOMIC INSECT REPORT

Highlights of Insect Conditions

SPOTTED ALFALFA APHID found for the first time in Florida. This is
first infestation of this pest east of the Mississippi River. Infestations
are heavy or damaging in southwestern Utah, in several counties of New
Mexico, some northern and east central Texas counties, southeastern
Kansas, southwestern Missouri, but reduced in northeastern Oklahoma
and light in infested parishes of Louisiana. (p. 324). Distribution of
spotted alfalfa aphid in United States - map. (p. 325).

GREENBUG medium to heavy in small grains in Fannin, Castro and
Floyd Counties, Texas and in Roosevelt, Curry, Quay and San Miguel
Counties, New Mexico. Very light in Louisiana. Severe locally in
Ottawa County, Oklahoma and widespread spraying in Kingfisher County
of this State. Scattered severe infestations in Missouri on Kansas border
from Vernon County southward and in some fields in southeast Kansas.
Damaging infestations in Washington County, Utah. (p. 321).

BUROPEAN CORN BORER survival in eastern South Dakota is 71 percent.
(p. 321). Occasional CHINCH BUG in wheat in northeast Oklahoma. (321).
Light ARMYWORM infestations in Louisiana. Moths active over wide
areas, (321, 338). GRASSHOPPERS hatching in Pawnee and Haskell Coun-
ties, Oklahoma; southeastern Kansas and southwestern Missouri. (p. 322).
MORMON CRICKET hatch underway in Lander County, Nevada. (p. 322).
BROWN WHEAT MITE light to moderate in some Kansas counties but
light in several areas of Oklahoma. Also of concern in Roosevelt County,
New Mexico and Washington County, Utah. (p. 322). WINTER GRAIN
MITE common in northeastern Oklahoma small grains; some damage in
Montgomery County, Kansas; high counts in some fields in southwestern
Missouri. (p. 322). PALE WESTERN CUTWORM damaging winter wheat
in Cheyenne and Kimball Counties, Nebraska. (p. 322). CORN LEAF
APHID high on barley in Salt River Valley, Arizona. (p. 323).

PEA APHID moderate to heavy on legumes in Louisiana and southeast
Kansas and Kaufman and Lamar Counties, Texas. Serious damage to
alfalfa in southern Missouri. Light to medium in Eddy County, New
Mexico and conspicuous in Delaware. Becoming active in Washington

and Idaho. Other States reporting light numbers: New Jersey, Maryland,
Virginia, Dlinois. (p. 328).

Half-grown larvae of ALFALFA WEEVIL in southeastern Pennsylvania.
Weevil, adults and/or larvae also active in New Jersey, Maryland,
Virginia, Idaho, and at Clarkston, Washington. Controls underway in
Utah. (p. 326). Moderate infestation of CLOVER LEAF WEEVIL in Vir-
ginia, Maryland, Tennessee. Hight larvae per square foot in eastern
Qlinois. Heavier than normal around Payette, Idaho. Conspicuous injury

320

in Delaware. (p. 325). ARMY CUTWORM damaging seedling alfalfa in
Sumter County, Kansas; three per square foot in alfalfa in Dawson and
Buffalo Counties, Nebraska; damaging alfalfa in several southern Utah
counties. (p. 327). CORN EARWORM is infesting burclover in south
central Louisiana. Moths active as far north as Tennessee. (p. 327).
SALT-MARSH CATERPILLAR heavy on clover and seedling cotton in
Calhoun County, Texas. (pp. 327, 332).

PEACH SILVER MITE numerous on peach at Wenatchee, Washington

and in Jackson County, Oregon. (p. 329). May have severe APHID attack
on untreated apples in Orleans, Indiana area. (p. 329). Considerable
CODLING MOTH pupation at Carbondale, Illinois. (p. 329). Two new in-
festations of CITRUS BLACKFLY in Brownsville, Texas. (p. 330).

COLORADO POTATO BEETLE infesting potatoes in Louisiana, heavy

on tomato plants in Colquitt County, Georgia; attacking eggplant in Duplin
County, North Carolina. (p. 330). IMPORTED CABBAGEWORM adults
active in Oregon, Maryland, Virginia and Delaware. Larvae heavy on
cabbage in Cook Co., Ga.(p. 330). GREEN PEACH APHID serious on
spinach in eastern Virginia. (p. 331). Heavy local populations of BEET
LEAFHOPPER on spinach in Dimmit County, Texas. (p. 331). TOBACCO
FLEA BEETLE heavy on tobacco beds and in fields in some counties of
Georgia, moderate in eastern North Carolina and light in tobacco beds in
Pittsylvania County. (p. 331). WIREWORMS heavy in transplanted tobacco
in south Georgia. (p. 332).

BOLL WEEVIL appearing in cotton fields in lower Rio Grande Valley,
Texas. BOLLWORMS and COTTON FLEAHOPPER also active in this
area. (p. 332).

SCREW-WORM infestations reported again from Davie County, North
Carolina. The pest was previously reported from this county in early
March. This situation is very unusual for this area for the time of year.
(ios, SSS),

Some of the more IMPORTANT INSECTS in 1955 in California. (p. 335).

First Reported Records of Season (by areas):

GRASSHOPPERS hatching in Kansas and Missouri. KUROPEAN RED
MITE hatching at Vincennes, Indiana, April 5. APPLE APHID hatching
April 10, Dutchess County, New York. RED-BANDED LEAF ROLLER
eggs at Hancock, Maryland, April 10. PLUM CURCULIO adults on peach
in Montgomery County, North Carolina, April 7. TARNISHED PLANT
BUG on peaches at Wooster, Ohio, April 4. COLORADO POTATO
BEETLE larvae on eggplant in Duplin County, North Carolina.

WEATHER summaries. (p. 336).

321

CEREAL AND FORAGE INSECTS

GREENBUG (Toxoptera graminum) - TEXAS - Medium to heavy wide-
spread on small grains in Fannin County. (Green). Medium to heavy on
wheat in Castro and Floyd Counties. (Daniels). Light widespread on
small grains in Denton County. (Chada). LOUISIANA - Populations re-
main very light in small grains over State. (Oliver), OKLAHOMA -
Severe local infestations in barley in Ottawa County; severe damage to
some barley but slight to wheat. High predator populations in most
heavily infested fields but controls warranted in fields with low predator
count. Not as severe in Craig County, and populations in surrounding
counties very low, except in Muskogee County. (Coppock). Practically
all fields between Hennessey and Dover sprayed for greene Several
fields with large spots of wheat killed. One field with 50-100 per linear
foot. Wheat in boot stage, however, and no more damage expected.
(Wood). MISSOURI - Scattered severe infestations in barley and wheat
in counties bordering Kansas, from Vernon County southward. From 4
to over 500 aphids per linear foot of row. One field of orchard grass
severely infested in Dallas County. (Kyd, Thomas). KANSAS - Scattered
but severe in some barley and wheat fields in southern tier of southeast
counties. In uncontrolled heavily infested fields, large areas of dead or
injured plants still appearing. A survey of barley and wheat fields in
the southeast showed that non-economic infestations exist in many fields,
with counts ranging from 6 to 40 aphids per 25 sweeps of 15-inch net.
(Matthew, Painter). NEW MEXICO - Medium.to heavy on wheat and bar-
ley in Roosevelt, Curry, Quay and San Miguel Counties. (Durkin).

UTAH - Abundant and damaging wheat and barley in Washington County.
(Knowlton).

EUROPEAN CORN BORER (Pyrausta nubilalis) - SOUTH DAKOTA -
Average survival in 20 eastern counties is 71 percent. (Hantsbarger).

CHINCH BUG (Blissus leucopterus) - OKLAHOMA - Occasional bug in
wheat in Ottawa, Craig and Osage Counties. (Coppock).

ARMYWORM (Pseudaletia unipuncta) - LOUISIANA - Remains light in
small grains over State with 1 to 2 per 5 square feet in Tensas Parish,
1 to 6 per 100 sweeps in Madison, East Carroll, Richland, Natchitoches
Parishes. (Oliver). Pie Tah

’ 1

Reports of Armyworm to 4/13
a ee

e Three traps
¢ Two traps

Figure = Moths trapped Light infestations

322

GRASSHOPPERS - TEXAS - Light widespread popuetiets on alfalfa in
Denton County. (Chada). OKLAHOMA - Very light populations of recently
hatched nymphs in roadsides of Pawnee and Haskell Counties. (Coppock,
Bower). KANSAS - A few small nymphs of Melanoplus spp. showing up
in fields of the southeast indicating the first hatching of crop species this
spring. Counts ranged from 1 to 3 per sweep in a few alfalfa fields.
(Matthew, Painter). MISSOURI - Melanoplus spp. hatching in southwest-
ern area. (Kyd, Thomas).

MORMON CRICKET (Anabrus simplex) - NEVADA - Hatch starting in
Lander County. Second instars in some localities. (Maloney).

FLEA BEETLES - TEXAS - Chaetocnema sp. heavy locally on corn in
Mason County. (Garrett). ILLINOIS - Corn flea beetles averaged 13 per
100 sweeps in eastern section. (Petty et al) DELAWARE - A few _C,
pulicaria found in grass from Dover southward. (Milliron).

BROWN WHEAT MITE (Petrobia latens) - OKLAHOMA - Low populations
in winter wheat in Washington, Tulsa, Osage and Pawnee Counties.
(Coppock). KANSAS - Light to moderate in Geary, Dickinson, Butler,
Sumner, Cowley and Chautauqua Counties. Leaf injury readily observed
in barley fields of Chautauqua County. In Geary County both summer
and winter eggs in field trash. (Matthew, Painter). NEW MEXICO - This
species with Oligonychus praetensis light to medium on wheat in Roosevelt
County. (Durkin). UTAH - Damaging many fields of wheat and barley in
Washington County. Some fields sprayed. Adults numerous on wheat at
Nephi. (Knowlton). Serious whitening of winter wheat in area of Sanpete
County. (Funk, Knowlton). Have hatched in Box Elder County. Adults

in Cache Valley. (Lieberman).

WINTER GRAIN MITE (Penthaleus major) - OKLAHOMA - Common in
small grains in extreme northeastern counties; up to 450 per linear foot
of row in Ottawa County. Damage, if any, slight. (Coppock). KANSAS -
Light in wheat and barley in Montgomery County; three to 60 mites per
linear foot. Injury apparent. (Matthew, Painter}, MISSOURI - A few
small grain fields in extreme southwest area average from 30 to over 200
mites per linear foot of row. (Kyd, Thomas).

PALE WESTERN CUTWORM (Agrotis orthogonia) - NEBRASKA -
Damaging infestations in winter wheat in Cheyenne and Kimball Counties.
(Roselle). IDAHO - Larvae in alfalfa fields in Boise Valley. (Gittins).

SIX-SPOTTED LEAF HOPPER (Macrosteles fascifrons) - MISSOURI -
Increasing rapidly along margins of small grain fields in southwestern
area, 25-50 per sweep. (Kyd, Thomas).

STINK BUGS - LOUISIANA - Solubea pugnax, Nezara viridula, Hymenarcys
nervosa and Buschistus servus attacking heading oats, wheat andbarleyin
Madison, East Carroll, Tensas and West Carroll Parishes. Taken at

1-4 per 100 sweeps. (Oliver).

323

A WEBWORM (Crambus vulgivagellus) - MISSOURI - Cheat (brome) and
drought injured pastures in southwest have from 1 to 11 webworms per
square foot. In scattered fields of oats planted after such fields, large
areas 2) oats being destroyed by 3 to 8 larvae per square foot. (Kyd,
Thomas).

WIREWORMS - NORTH CAROLINA - Numerous fields of corn infested
in Alexander County. (Jones).

WHEAT CURL MITE (Aceria tulipae) - KANSAS - Large colonies in
volunteer wheat in margin of one field in Geary County. (Matthew, Painter).

A MEALYBUG - WASHINGTON - Reported in CEIR 5:569 as causing severe
damage to Merion bluegrass grown for seed in Garfield County, June 1955,
identified as Heterococcus graminicola by H. Morrison. (Harwood)

CORN LEAF APHID (Rhopalosiphum maidis) - ARIZONA - High popula-
tions continue on barley in Salt River Valley. (Ariz. Coop. Rept. ).

APPLE GRAIN APHID (Rhopalosiphum fitchii) - OKLAHOMA - Four
fields in Garfield County infested. Heavy in experimental small grains
in Kingfisher County. (Henderson).

PEA APHID (Macrosiphum pisi)- NEW JERSEY - Only a few noted.
(Merrill). DELAWARE - Conspicuous numbers on alfalfa. (Milliron).
MARYLAND - Building up on Eastern Shore, 2 to 16 per sweep. Winged
aphids noted. (U. Md., Ent. Dept.). VIRGINIA - Light or beginning to
appear on alfalfa in several counties. (Rowell). GEORGIA - Heavily
infesting crimson clover in Sumter County and alfalfa in Morgan County.
(Johnson). LOUISIANA - Populations remain moderate to heavy in vetch,
burclover and alfalfa over State. (Oliver). TEXAS - Medium widespread
populations on vetch in Kaufman County. (Hawkins). Light to heavy
locally on alfalfa in Lamar County. (Neal). OKLAHOMA - Occurring
concurrently with spotted alfalfa aphid in most northeastern counties;
generally low. (Coppock). KANSAS - Moderate to heavy still occurring
in localized parts of southeast area. Light infestation found as far
north in State as Kansas River Valley in east central counties. Counts
ranged from 5 to 10 per sweep in lightly infested fields to the north to
several hundred in extreme southeastern counties. (Matthew, Painter).
MISSOURI - Heavy numbers continue to seriously damage alfalfa over
southern half of State with occasional economic infestations in northwest
area. From 75 to over 5000 aphids per sweep. First cutting reduced
50 to 100 percent in many fields in southwest area. (Kyd, Thomas).
ILLINOIS - Average of 4.4 per square foot in southwestern section.
(Petty et al). NEW MEXICO - Light to medium on alfalfa in Eddy County.
(Durkin). IDAHO - Becoming active in alfalfa in Boise Valley. (Gittins).
WASHINGTON - Active on roadside alfalfa near Clarkston, 2 to 5 per 10
sweeps. A few first-generation nymphs. (Telford, Kamal).

324

SPOTTED ALFALFA APHID - UTAH - Damaging over much of Washing-
ton County, moderate to numerous in Kane County. About 1000 acres of
alfalfa sprayed in Washington County. (Knowlton, Hughes). NEW MEXICO- ~
Medium to heavy in Rio Grande Valley from Hatch to Albuquerque. Med-
ium to heavy also in areas of De Baca, Chaves and Eddy Counties. Heavy
infestations in Pecos Valley of Guadalupe and San Miguel Counties. Fall-
planted alfalfa severely damaged in areas of Dona Ana, De Baca and
Valencia Counties.( Durkin). TEXAS - Heavy widespread on alfalfa in
Denton County (Chada) and Grayson County (Owen). Medium to heavy
widespread on alfalfa in Kaufman County. (Hawkins). Heavy on alfalfa

in Brazos and Burleson Counties. (Randolph). OKLAHOMA - Rains have
reduced populations in most fields in northeastern area. Former damage
severe in many fields and future damage expected. Many winged forms.
(Coppock). KANSAS - Number one insect pest in southeastern alfalfa
fields. Many fields threatened by heavy populations up to several hundred
per plant. Scattered severe populations in Cowley, Chautauqua, Mont-
gomery, Labette and Cherokee Counties where counts range from few to
over 3000 per sweep. First evidence of spring migration, numerous
winged aphids in heavily infested fields in southern tier of southeastern
counties. Few aphids north of second tier of counties in the southeast.
Lady beetle larval population higher than last week. Controls applied.
(Matthew, Painter). No spotted alfalfa aphid found north of Kansas River,
northeast Kansas. (Burkhardt). NEBRASKA - No infestation found in
Platte Valley area. (Andersen). MISSOURI - Light to heavy infestations
in conjunction with pea aphid damaging alfalfa over much of southwest
area with heavier numbers confined to extreme southwest counties. Many
fields 50 to 95 percent destroyed by counts of 35 to over 900 aphids per
sweep. Light numbers of 1 to 5 per sweep scattered over counties north
and east of severely infested areas. (Kyd, Thomas). LOUISIANA - Pop-
ulations light in alfalfa in Natchitoches, Bossier, Red River, Caddo and
Tensas Parishes. (Oliver). FLORIDA - Light numbers collected on al-
falfa at Gainesville, Alachua County, March 28, 1956. (Det. A. N. Tissot,
confirmed by L. M. Russell) (Fla. Coop. Rept.) This is the first record
of this aphid for Florida.

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326

ALFALFA WEEVIL (Hypera postica) - PENNSYLVANIA - Half-grown
larvae and adults feeding in alfalfa in Montgomery and Chester Counties,
April 4-5. (Menusan). NEW JERSEY - Some adults active. Area below
Camden will be ready for sprays around April 16. (Merrill). DELAWARE-
Adults and first-instar larvae active generally. Adults common in
crimson clover in southern half of State. (Milliron). MARYLAND -

Seven alfalfa fields in Talbot County showed from 0-5 adults per 10 sweeps;
mating and egg-laying. First larvae of season April 13 in Montgomery
and Talbot Counties. (U. Md., Ent. Dept.). VIRGINIA - Larvae active

in Page, Orange, Lunenberg, and many other counties where the weevil
occurs. Average of 14 adults per 100 sweeps in most alfalfa fields from
Charlottesville to Fredericksburg; mating underway. (Rowell et al).

UTAH - Control in many counties. (Knowlton). IDAHO - Lower than
previous spring records in southwestern Idaho. Some egg deposition.
Adults active in south central and south eastern areas. (Gittins).
WASHINGTON - Very rare, 1 larva per 50 sweeps on roadside alfalfa
near Clarkston. Mostly first instars. (Telford, Kamal).

CLOVER LEAF WEEVIL (Hypera punctata) - VIRGINIA - Moderate in-
festations at Staunton. (Woodside). A few adults active in northern
area. (Muka). MARYLAND - Moderate larval damage to clover in
Talbot County. (U. Md., Ent. Dept.). DELAWARE - Injury to red
clover and alfalfa conspicuous generally. (Milliron). TENNESSEE -
Moderate numbers on alfalfa across State with occasionally heavily
infested fields. (Mullett). ILLINOIS - Larvae averaging 1. 9 per square
foot in clover and alfalfa in northeastern section, 8.5 in the eastern sec-
tion and 2 in southwestern section of the State. (Petty et al). KANSAS -
From 2 to 5 larvae per crown in some alfalfa and clover fields in
southeastern area. Nearly all larvae infested with fungus. (Matthew,
Painter). IDAHO - Larvae in nearly all fields sampled in southern area.
Heavier than normal in some fields around Payette. (Gittins).

LESSER CLOVER LEAF WEEVIL (Hypera nigrirostris) - DELAWARE -
Adults and larvae in red clover and alfalfa in Kent and Sussex Counties;
adults common in crimson clover. (Milliron). GEORGIA - Average of
10 adults and 55 larvae per 100 sweeps in crimson clover in Sumter
County. (Johnson). ILLINOIS - Average of . 2 adult per square foot in
northeast section and .1 in the eastern section. (Petty et al).

A CLOVER WEEVIL (Hypera meles) - GEORGIA - Five adults and 40
larvae per 100 sweeps in Sumter County crimson clover. (Johnson).

SWEETCLOVER WEEVIL (Sitona cylindricollis) - SOUTH DAKOTA -
Adults emerging from hibernation in alfalfa fields in south central areas.
(Hantsbarger).

VEGETABLE WEEVIL (Listroderes costirostris obliquus) - LOUISIANA-
Twenty per 100 sweeps in alfalfa in Natchitoches Parish. (Oliver, Apr. 6).

327

CLOVER ROOT CURCULIO (Sitona hispidula) - MARYLAND - Two per
10 sweeps in some alfalfa fields in Dorchester and Talbot Counties.

(U Md., Ent. Dept.). DELAWARE - Adults abundant in clovers and
alfalfa. (Milliron). IDAHO - Scattered populations in most alfalfa fields
in southeastern and south central areas. (Gittins), WASHINGTON - One
adult fv 15 sweeps on alfalfa near Pullman and Clarkston. (Telford,
Kamal).

CUTWORMS - DELAWARE = Small larvae of Lacinipolia renigera
common in red clover at Bombay Hook. (Milliron). ILLINOIS - Average
of . 2 per square foot in northeastern section, .8 in eastern section and
.2 in southwestern section. Average of 2 bronzed cutworms per 100
sweeps in grass in northeastern section and 5 per 100 sweeps in eastern
section. (Petty et al). WISCONSIN - First flights of moths at Madison
first week of April. (Wisc. Coop. Ins. Surv. ).

ARMY CUTWORM (Chorizagrotis auxiliaris) - KANSAS - Reported
causing injury to seedling alfalfa in Sumter County. (Matthew, Painter).
_ NEBRASKA - Averaging three per square foot in alfalfa in Dawson and
Buffalo Counties. (Andersen). UTAH - Holding back growth on alfalfa
in parts of Millard and Sevier Counties. Some damage in Sanpete,
Beaver and Washington Counties. (Knowlton et al). IDAHO - Occasion-
ally found in alfalfa in south central and southeastern areas. (Gittins).

ALFALFA CATERPILLAR (Colias philodice eurytheme) - DELAWARE -
Small to ene larvae in crimson clover in Sussex County.
(Milliron).

CORN EARWORM (Heliothis zea) - LOUISIANA - Infesting burclover in
Iberville Parish, 3 per 100 sweeps. (Oliver).

SALT-MARSH CATERPILLAR (Estigmene acrea) - TEXAS - Heavy
widespread populations on clover in Calhoun County. (Cook).

GREEN CLOVERWORM (Plathypena scabra) - GEORGIA - Fifteen larvae
per 100 sweeps in crimson clover in Sumter County. (Johnson).
LOUISIANA - Infesting leguminous crops over State with 5-30 larvae per
100 sweeps. (Oliver).

TARNISHED PLANT BUG (Lyqus lineolaris) - MARYLAND - As many as
4 per 10 sweeps on alfalfa in Talbot County. (U. Md., Ent. Dept. ).
DELAWARE - Adults numerous in clovers and alfalfa in Sussex County.
(Milliron). LOUISIANA - Light in forage crops with 1-8 per 100 sweeps
over State. (Oliver). ILLINOIS - Adults average .1 per square foot in
northeastern section and .4 in eastern section. (Petty et al).

LYGUS BUGS - WASHINGTON - Lygus elisus and L. hesperus adults
active on alfalfa and roadside grasses near Pullman and Clarkston, 3 to 4
adults per 20 sweeps. (Telford, Kamal). UTAH - Survival of Lyqus sp.
and L. elisus high in alfalfa, weeds and orchards. (Knowlton, April 8).

328

FALSE CHINCH BUGS (Nysius spp. ) - UTAH - Infesting alfalfa and range
plants in southern area. (Knowlton).

MEADOW SPITTLEBUG (Philaenus leucophthalmus) - MARYLAND -
Hatching in Montgomery and Talbot Counties on clover and weeds.
(U. Md., Ent. Dept.). DELAWARE - First instars in red clover,
Bombay Hook, April 11. (Milliron).

SPITTLEBUGS - ILLINOIS - A few nymphs in northern Vermilion County.
(Petty et al).

THREE-CORNERED ALFALFA HOPPER (Spissistilus festinus) -
GEORGIA - Ten adults per 100 sweeps in crimson clover in Sumter
County. (Johnson).

LEAF HOPPERS (Empoasca sp.) - LOUISIANA - Taken on vetch at 1-4
per 100 sweeps in Bossier, Madison and Tensas Parishes, on burclover
at 100 per 100 sweeps in Iberville Parish and 10 per 100 sweeps in
Natchitoches Parish. (Oliver).

SEED-CORN MAGGOT (Hylemya cilicrura) - DELAWARE - Adults
numerous in legumes in Sussex County. (Milliron).

CLOVER MITE (Bryobia praetiosa) - MISSISSIPPI - Severe damage to
clover in Walthall County. braham). KANSAS - Light to heavy in some
alfalfa fields of Cowley, Chautauqua and Montgomery Counties. From 10
to several hundred per sweep. (Matthew, Painter). NEBRASKA - Very
prevalent in alfalfa in Dawson and Buffalo Counties. (Andersen). NEW
MEXICO - Light to medium on alfalfa in Valencia, Bernalillo and Eddy
Counties. Also nuisance in homes in Santa Fe and Albuquerque. (Durkin).

A MITE (Petrobia apicalis) - LOUISIANA - Heavily infesting crimson
clover in Tensas and Tangipahoa Parishes. (Oliver).

FRUIT INSECTS

CATFACING INSECTS - OHIO - Stink bugs (Euschistus variolarius,
E. servus, E. tristigmus and Thyanta custator) not found on trees in
orchard in southernmost part of State, April 9, but found on mullein
in small numbers, apparently just emerging from hibernation. First
oy for tarnished plant bug at Wooster on peaches was April 4.
Rings).

329

EUROPEAN RED MITE (Metatetranychus ulmi) - INDIANA - First hatched
mite was found April 5 in Vincennes area. (Hamilton). ILLINOIS - About
5 percent of eggs hatched at Grafton. (Chandler). MARYLAND - Eggs
Se on apple twigs in Fairland, Montgomery County. (U. Md. Ent.
Dept. ).

ORCHARD MITES - NEW MEXICO - Eggs heavy on fruit trees in Espanola
Valley of Rio Arriba and Santa Fe Counties. (Durkin).

PEACH SILVER MIPS (Wasates cornutus) - WASHINGTON - Numerous
appearing on new peach leaves near Wenatchee. (Anthon). OREGON -
Numerous hibernating females found around peach buds in orchards in
Jackson County the last of March. (Gentner) (Det. H. H. Keifer).

CLOVER MITE (Bryobia praetiosa) - WEST VIRGINIA - Eggs fairly abun-
dant in orchards in the Kearneysville area. (Hamstead). UTAH - Twenty-
five percent hatched at Santa Clara and 15 percent at Hurricane in Wash-
ington County orchards. No eggs hatched yet in central and northern
counties. (Knowlton, Apr. 9).

APHIDS - UTAH - Very abundant, curling plum foliage in Washington
County. (Knowlton). WEST VIRGINIA - General SOGUISHOR Hei eee
in Kearneysville area. (Hamstead). PENNSYLVANIA - Rhopalosiphum
fitchii hatching April 10 in Snyder County. (Gesell). INDIANA - Indica-
tions still point to severe attack of R. fitchii and Anuraphis roseus in
Orleans area if not controlled. (Marshall). WASHINGTON - Apparently

Myzus persicae unharmed by unusually cold winter. Appearing on
peaches near Wenatchee. (Anthon).

APPLE APHID (Aphis pomi) - MARYLAND - Nymphs light to moderate on
the opening leaves of apple in Montgomery and Talbot Counties. (U. Md.
Ent. Dept.). NEW YORK - Hatch started April 10 in Dutchess County.
(O'Leary).

RED-BANDED LEAF ROLLER (Argyrotaenia velutinana) - MARYLAND -
First egg cluster of the season noted April 10 in orchard at Hancock,
Washington County. (U. Md. Ent. Dept. ).

CODLING MOTH (Carpocapsa pomonella) - ILLINOIS - Considerable pupa-
tion in emergence cages at Carbondale and Belleville. (Chandler).

PLUM CURCULIO (Conotrachelus nenuphar) - NORTH CAROLINA - First
adult of season shaken from peach on April 7 in Montgomery County.
(Smith, Farrier).

EASTERN TENT CATERPILLAR (Malacosoma americanum) - DELAWARE
Small larvae active on apple in Georgetown. (Stearns). MARYLAND -
First tents of season noted on wild cherry in Prince Georges and Talbot
Counties. (U. Md. Ent. Dept. ).

SAN JOSE SCALE (Aspidiotus perniciosus) - WASHINGTON - Abundant on

330

neglected apple shoots near Malaga. (Wolfe, Telford).

A LEAF ROLLER - INDIANA - Caused moderate to severe injury to fall-
budded crab apple in a nursery in Vincennes area. (Hamilton Apr. 6).

PEAR THRIPS (Taeniothrips inconsequens) - OREGON - Populations very
low in Willamette Valley compared with recent years. (Jones).

BEARER (Acrobasis juglandis) lightly infesting pecan at Monticello,
Jefferson County. (Phillips).

CITRUS BLACKFLY (Aleurocanthus woglumi) - TEXAS - Two new infes-
tations were discovered in Brownsville, April 3 and 4. These make a
total of six infested properties found in Brownsville since the original
discovery of the pest in this city on May 31, 1955. In addition to the
Brownsville records, citrus blackfly has been found on seven other prop-
erties in the Rio Grande Valley area of Texas from Laredo to Browns-
ville. The infestations of April 3 and 4 were the heaviest yet discovered
in the lower Rio Grande Valley - one infestation consisted of six citrus
trees and the other of three. As in the case of each of the previous infes-
tations, eradicative spraying was initiated against these latter by the
Texas Department of Agriculture. (Mex. Fruit Fly and Cit. Blackfly
Cont. Proj., April 4).

TRUCK CROP INSECTS

COLORADO POTATO BEETLE (Leptinotarsa decemlineata) - NORTH
CAROLINA - Larvae and adults attacking eggplant in plant beds locally in
Duplin County. (Reid). GEORGIA - Heavily infesting tomato plants in
Colquitt County. (Taylor). LOUISIANA - Averaging | per 10 plants on
potatoes in Tangipahoa, East Baton Rouge, and West Feliciana Parishes.
(Oliver).

A MIDGE (Spaniotoma furcata} NEW YORK - Unusual occurrence of larvae
in very small tomato seedling stems, Selden, Long Island. (Semel).

IMPORTED CABBAGE WORM (Pieris rapae) - DELAWARE - Adults con-
spicuous in Sussex County: (Milliron). MARYLAND - Adults flying in
Montgomery and Talbot Counties. (U. Md. Ent. Dept.). VIRGINIA -

Many adults noted in Norfolk area. (Brubaker). GEORGIA - Heavily
infesting cabbage in Cook County. (Johnson). OREGON - Adults appearing
in Jackson County. (Gentner).

CABBAGE APHID (Brevicoryne brassicae) - DELAWARE - Small cabbage
plants infested at Georgetawn. (Milliron). GEORGIA - Lightly infesting
cabbage in Thomas County. (Johnson).

331

SOUTHERN CABBAGEWORM (Pieris protodice) - DELAWARE - Adults
observed near Milton. (Milliron).

GREEN PEACH APHID (Myzus persicae) - VIRGINIA - A serious problem
on some plantings of spinach, requiring control. (Brubaker, Greenwood,
Hofmaster). FLORIDA - Averaging 1-5 per plant on 60 acres of pepper in
Alachua County. (Hunter). LOUISIANA - Attacking approximately 50 acres
of beets in Rapides Parish and several fields of Irish potatoes in Tangipahoa
and West Feliciana Parishes. Populations are light, averaging 2 per 7
plants. (Oliver).

BEET LEAFHOPPER (Circulifer tenellus) - TEXAS - Heavy local popula-
tions on spinach and medium to heavy local populations on young Russian
thistle in Dimmit County. (Richardson).

SEED-CORN MAGGOT (Hylemya cilicrura) - NEW YORK - Four males
taken in 200 sweeps on rye, Long Island. (Semel). DELAWARE - Adults
conspicuous in pea fields near Milton. (Milliron). OKLAHOMA - Subterr-
anean populations are abnormally high on early-planted spinach at Bixby--
averaging eight per plant. (Walton, Hensley).

GARDEN SPRINGTAIL (Bourletiella hortensis) - NORTH CAROLINA - Six
to eight per foot of row in local infestation of radishes in Duplin County.
(Farrier, Wray).

THRIPS - New MEXICO - Frankliniella sp. and_Thrips tabaci light but
building up on onions in Mesilla Valley of Dona Ana County. (Durkin).

FALSE CHINCH BUG (Nysius sp.) - ARIZCNA - Present in large numbers
for past two weeks on wild mustards in Maricopa, Pinal and Pima Counties.
(Ariz. Coop. Rept. ).

STRAWBERRY WEEVIL (Anthonomus signatus) - MARYLAND - Light
numbers of adults in crowns of strawberry plants. (U. Md., Ent. Dept. ).

STRAWBERRY ROOT APHID (Aphis forbesi) - LOUISIANA - Populations
remain light in strawberry fields in Tangipahoa and Livingston Parishes.
(Oliver).

STRAWBERRY APHIDS - INDIANA - Relatively large numbers were found
in a field in Robinson April 3. (Marshall). NEW JERSEY - Hatched and
feeding on plants in southern area. (Merrill).

SPIDER MITES - VIRGINIA - Well distributed on strawberries, but not
injurious yet. Seemingly larger numbers surviving winter than usual.
(Brubaker). LOUISIANA - Tetranychus desertorum and T. lobosus light
on strawberries in Tangipahoa Parish. (Oliver).

TOBACCO FLEA BEETLE (Epitrix hirtipennis) - NORTH CAROLINA -
Present in moderate numbers in Johnston, Nash and Northampton
Counties. Satisfactorily controlled in Wayne County. (Scott, Farrier).

332

VIRGINIA - Generally light infestations in tobacco plant beds in Pittsyl-
wania County. (Dominick). GEORGIA - Heavily infesting tobacco beds in
Berrien and Cook Counties. Heavy infestation of tobacco in the field in
Cook County. Moderate infestations in Worth, Tift, Colquitt and Thomas
Counties. (Johnson).

VEGETABLE WEEVIL (Listroderes costirostris obliquus) - GEORGIA -
Moderate infestations on tobacco beds in Worth, Tift, Cook, Colquitt and
Thomas Counties. (Johnson). LOUISIANA - Attacking seedling tomatoes
in Tangipahoa Parish. Average of 1 per 15 plants in one field. (Oliver).

WIRE WORMS - GEORGIA - Heavy infestation in transplanted tobacco in
Cook and Colquitt Counties. (Johnson).

GREEN JUNE BEETLE (Cotinis nitida) - MARYLAND - Larvae causing
damage in tobacco beds in St. Marys County. (U. Md., Ent. Dept.)

MIDGE LARVAE - NORTH CAROLINA - Numerous in tobacco plant beds
in Johnston, Nash and Northampton Counties. (Scott).

TOBACCO BUDWORM (Heliothis virescens) - GEORGIA - Heavily infesting
tobacco beds in Cook County. Moderate infestations in Worth, Tift, Col-
quitt and Thomas Counties. (Johnson).

APHIDS - GEORGIA - Light infestations on tobacco beds in Berrien, Col-
quitt and Thomas Counties. (Johnson).

COTTON INSECTS

BOLL WEEVIL (Anthonomus grandis) - TEXAS - Found in numerous fields
in the lower Rio Grande Valley. (Deer).

BOLLWORMS - TEXAS - Light infestations in very few fields in Cameron
County. (Brunnemann). Damaging terminals of young cotton in the entire
lower Rio Grande Valley. (Deer).

SALT-MARSH CATERPILLAR (Estigmene acrea) - TEXAS - Heavy wide-
spread populations destroying seedling cotton in Calhoun County. (Smith,
Cook).

APHIDS - TEXAS - Occurring in several locations in lower Rio Grande
Valley. Expected to increase soon. (Deer). ARIZONA - Aphis gossypii
and A. medicaginis found in young cotton in one field in Pinal County.
(Ariz. Coop. Rept. ).

COTTON FLEAHOPPER (Psallus seriatus) - TEXAS - Light to moderate
infestations in areas of lower Rio Grande Valley. (Brunnermann, Deer).

CUTWORMS - TEXAS - Decreasing but still causing some damage in Wes-
laco area. (Deer).

333

SPIDER MITES - TEXAS - Small numbers generally throughout lower Rio
Grande Valley. (Deer).

THRIPS - Light infestations in Cameron County. (Brunnemann). Heavy
infestations in San Patricio County. (Smith, Greer).

INSECTS AFFECTING MAN AND ANIMALS

SCRE W-WORM (Callitroga hominivorax) - New reports of infestation in
recently dehorned cattle in Davie County. (Scott).

FLIES (Mainly Musca domestica) ARIZONA - Population indices of 2
small towns in south east Maricopa and north west Pinal Counties: av. of
5 highest grill counts in 9 blocks: Mar. 25-Mar. 31:52.6. (Ariz. Coop.
Rept. ).

CATTLE LICE - Control conducted recently in Juab, Millard, Kane, Iron,
Sevier, and Beaver Counties. (Knowlton, County Agents). At least 8, 000
head treated in Beaver County. (Esplin).

SHEEP KED (Melophagus ovinus) - UTAH - Abundant in sheep herds of
Piute County. (Knowlton).

FOREST, ORNAMENTAL AND SHADE TREE INSECTS

TURPENTINE BEETLE - ARKANSAS - Increase in activity observed, but
no serious build up present. (Ark. State For. Comm. Jan. 1-April 1).

SMALLER EUROPEAN ELM BARK BEETLE (Scolytus multistriatus) -
WISCONSIN - Reported from LaFayette County for the first time. (Wis.
Coop. Ins. Surv.). NEBRASKA - Specimens have been received from as
far west as Nance County. (Roselle).

NATIVE ELM BARK BEETLE (Hylurgopinus rufipes) - WISCONSIN -
Adults and larvae found in elms in Sheboygan and Fond du Lac Counties.
Adults active at Madison. (Wis. Coop. Ins. Surv. ).

FALL CANKERWORM (Alsophila pometaria)- WISCONSIN - Adults
laying eggs on elm in Milwaukee County. (Wis. Coop. Ins. Surv. ).

PINE ENGRAVER (Ips pini) - PENNSYLVANIA - Killed all 15 year old red
pine trees in a 200 foot area and surrounding trees dying. (Adams).

CLOVER MITE (Bryobia praetiosa) - IDAHO - Extremely heavy popula-
tions on shade trees in Caldwell following last year's control for elm leaf
beetles (Gackins):

PINE WEBWORM (Tetralopha robustella) - ARKANSAS - Causing some
scattered mortality among pine seedlings in Yell, Garland, Montgomery
and Saline Counties. (Ark. State For. Comm. Jan. 1-Apr. 1).

334

TENT CATERPILLARS-TENNESSEE - Tents present in wild cherry trees
across-the State. (Mullett). ARKANSAS - Damage in the Hot Spring County
area. (Ark. State For. Comm., Jan. 1-Apr. 1).

A BEETLE (Conotelus mexicanus) - ARIZONA - Severe damage to un-
opened or partially opened buds in a small planting of roses at Maricopa,
Pinal County. (Anvizal@oop: Repts).

SEED-CORN MAGGOT (Hylemya cilicrura) - NORTH CAROLINA - Attack-
ing emerging shoots of gladiolus plants in Pender County. (Aycock).

BULB MITE (Rhyzoglyphus echinopus) - NORTH CAROLINA - Stand mater-
jially reduced in a large acreage of gladiolus in Pender County. (Aycock,
Farrier).

STORED PRODUCTS INSECTS

A DERMESTID (Trogoderma boron) - WASHINGTON - Recovered from
grain trash in box cars at Tacoma (Det. W. H. Anderson) (Howitt).

BENEFICIAL INSECTS

PREDATORS - LOUISIANA - Tremendous numbers of Nabis sp., lady
beetles, syrphid larvae, lacewings, and Collops balteata in forage and
small grains over State. (Oliver). UTAH - Nabis alternatus, Geocoris
decoratus, Orius tristicolor, O. insidiosus,three species of lady beetles,
lacewing flies and occasional syrphid fly larvae were moderately abundant
in some alfalfa fields in Washington County where the spotted alfalfa aphid
is damaging alfalfa. (Knowlton).

LADY BEETLES - TEXAS - Hippodamia convergens attacking spotted al-
falfa aphid in Delta County. ‘Three to 50 beetles per square foot. (Hawk-
ins). IDAHO - Extremely abundant in the Boise Valley. (Gittins).

A BRACONID (Rogas graphicus) - FLORIDA - Pupa collected on camellia
at Monticello, Jefferson County. This species has not previously been
recorded from Florida. (Det. C. F. W. Muesebeck). (Miller).

MISCELLANEOUS INSECTS

CLOVER MITE (Bryobia praetiosa) - PENNSYLVANIA - Heavy migration
into homes in Centre County (Adams) and Synder County. (Gesell).
DELAWARE - Invaded houses, Newark and Wilmington in early April.
(MacCreary). MARYLAND- Continues to annoy residents in the Baltimore
area. (U. Md., Ent. Dept.). WEST VIRGINIA - Several instances of
mites invading homes in the Kearneysville area. (Hamstead). UTAH -
Invading homes in Salt Lake, Box Elder and Rich Counties. (Knowlton).
NEVADA - Hatching very rapid in western Nevada. Migrating into homes.
(Gallaway, April 7).

335

CLUSTER FLIES - PENNSYLVANIA - Common in houses and buildings in
northwestern area, April 2. (Adams).

TERMITES - DELAWARE - Injurious in buildings at Newark, Wilmington
and Odessa. (MacCreary). PENNSYLVANIA - Adults swarming in homes
in Elk, Butler and Centre Counties. (Adams).

WHITE-LINED SPHINX (Celerio lineata) - NEW MEXICO - Moths numer-
ous in the Mesilia Valley of Dona Ana County. (Durkin).

BLACK CARPET BEETLES (Attagenus piceus) - PENNSYLVANIA - Re-
ported more common than usual in Erie County on April 4, and Butler and
Jefferson Counties on April 10. (Adams).

HOUSE CRICKET (Acheta domestica) - NORTH CAROLINA - Nylon, rayon
and wool clothing severely damaged in several homes in Iredell County.
(Jones).

Ten most important insect pests in 1959

CALIFORNIA - Corn earworm, lygus bugs, California red scale, black
scale, beet leafhopper, spotted alfalfa aphid, San Jose scale, olive scale,
peach twig borer and codling moth. (Lockwood).

FE FIR AR AK AK EE KE A IAS IC A A 2K 2K 2K 2K 2K 2K OK OK EK EK A 2k Kk

336

WEATHER BUREAU'S 30-DAY OUTLOOK
Mid-April to Mid-May 1956

The Weather Bureau's 30-day outlook for the period from mid-April to
mid-May calls for temperatures to average below seasonal normals in the
eastern three-quarters of the United States, with greatest departures in
the Mid-West. Above normal temperatures are indicated in the Pacific
Northwest and near normal elsewhere. Precipitation is expected to exceed
normal in the North and Middle Atlantic States, the Central Plains, and the
Central Mountain States. Subnormal amounts are predicted along the West
Coast, in the Rio Grande and Upper Mississippi Valleys, and over Florida.
In other areas near normal rainfall is anticipated.

This report released by the Weather Bureau on April 17, 1956.

Weather forecast given here is based on the official 30-day "Resume and
Outlook", published twice a month by the Weather Bureau. You can sub-
scribe through Superintendent of Documents, Washington 25, D. CG. Price
$4. 80 a year, $2.40 for six months.

WEATHER FOR THE WEEK ENDING APRIL 16, 1956

Cool weather, with temperatures averaging 3° to 8° below normal in the
Far Southwest and 4° to 10° east of Rockies, further delayed the advance
of spring which is now about 2 weeks behind schedule in the Northeast and
Far Northwest even though wheat is beginning to green in the northern
Rockies and trees are budding in southern Wisconsin. Widespread frost
and freezing in interior areas, except the deep South, caused some fruit
damage in Colorado's western Valleys.

Heavy rains which again fell in the southeastern quarter of the country kept
soils too wet to work in Tennessee and many sections of the Ohio Valley,
but improved the dry soil conditions in southern portions of Missouri and
Illinois, and in Florida and southern Georgia. Soil moisture is now ample
east of the Mississippi River, except in northwestern Illinois and southern
Wisconsin. Rains, generally exceeding an inch, over most of California
relieved the drought conditions which had prevailed in the State since

early March. Little or no precipitation fell in the upper Mississippi Valley
and from the Great Plains westward through the Great Basin. Continued
drought and cold weather in the western portions of the central and lower
Great Plains retarded growth of small grains and pastures. Drying winds
and dust intensified the drought in New Mexico and west Texas. In some
western spots of the latter State duststorms were reported worse than
those of the 1930's. In California 12 to 40 inches of snow fell in the San
Gabriel Mountains and 12 to 13 inches in the San Bernardinos. On the other
side of the country 1 to 12 inches of snow fell in the southern Appalachians
on Wednesday. Other snowfall during the week was limited to flurries or
very light amounts in scattered northern areas. In the Northeastthe snow-
cover is limited to the mountains and forested areas. In north-central

337

areas much snow melted as maxium temperatures rose above 60° on
some days, and flooding has begun in the north portion of the Red River.
Navigation began at St. Paul, Minn., on the 9th, but farther north in both
Minnesota and Wisconsin lakes are still frozen over and a heavy snow
cover still exists. Damaging storms accompanied the weekend rains in
Alabama and Georgia. Tornadoes in northern Alabama on Sunday caused
24 deaths and 200 injuries in the Birmingham area. (Summary Supplied
by U. S. Weather Bureau).

IK A RK I IE AE 2K AG 2 AE AE 6 2g EE KE 2 2 2 2K 2 2 EE FE RAC AE KK 26 KE OK 2K KK

Reports in this issue are for the week ending April 18, 1956, unless
otherwise designated.

338

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AGRICULTURAL RESEARCH SERVICE

PLANT PEST CONTROL BRANCH

ECONOMIC INSECT SURVEY SECTION

The Cooperative Economic Insect Report is
Issued weekly as a service to American Agri-
culture. Its contentsare compiled from informa-
tion supplied by cooperating State, Federal, and
industrial entomologists and other agricultural
workers. In releasing this material the Branch
serves as a clearing house and does not assume

responsibility for accuracy of the material.

Reports and inquiries pertaining to this release
should be mailed to:

Economic Insect Survey Section
Plant Pest Control Branch
Agricultural Research Service
United States Department of Agriculture
Washington 25, D. C.

Volume 6 April 27, 1956 INO, by/
GCOOR EAI VE GONOMre MiNi SsiiC a RE P© Ry al.

Highlights of Insect Conditions

EUROPEAN CORN BORER pupating in Delaware and Maryland. Winter
survival normal in Illinois, high in Wisconsin and low in southeastern
North Dakota. (p. 341). GRASSHOPPERS hatching in southeast Utah;
nymphs in western Oklahoma and southwestern Kansas. (pp. 341, 358).
CHINCH BUG active in small grains in southeastern Nebraska, south-
eastern Kansas and Stanly County, North Carolina. (pp. 341, 358).
SUGARCANE BORER egg masses in Rapides and Avoyelles Parishes,
Louisiana. (p. 341). WIREWORMS severe on young corn in Logan County,
Arkansas. (p. 341). ARMYWORM larvae active in Louisiana and Kaufman
County, Texas. (p. 342). PALE WESTERN CUTWORM infestations con-
er western Nebraska; also of concern in Some Kansas counties.

(p. 342).

SPOTTED ALFALFA APHID infestations light to heavy in areas of Cali-
fornia, Arizona, New Mexico, Oklahoma, Texas, Kansas, Missouri,
Arkansas and Louisiana. Severe damage over main alfalfa area of Okla-
homa. Damage also reported from Kansas, Missouri and other areas.
Populations increasing in southern New Mexico. (p. 343). PEA APHID
damage continues in southwest Missouri and northwest Arkansas. Heavy
infestations in Louisiana. Populations incréasing in Illinois, Virginia,
Maryland. (p. 344).

ALFALFA WEEVIL retarded by weather in Delaware and Maryland. Con-
trols underway in Virginia and Utah. (p. 345). ARMY CUTWORM damag-
ing alfalfa in some Utah counties and wheat in Yuma County, Colorado.
Infestations light to medium in south central South Dakota and increasing
in Platte and Republican Valleys of Nebraska. (p. 345). SPITTLEBUGS
hatching in central Indiana and as far north as Illinois River in Illinois.
Also hatching in Maryland and Delaware. (p. 346).

Indications that CODLING MOTH winter mortality light at Vincennes,
Indiana. (p. 347). EUROPEAN RED MITE hatching in southern Indiana
and Illinois. (p. 347). PLUM CURCULIO eggs in peach fruit at Fort
Valley, Georgia. Adults on trees in southern Illinois. (p. 348). FRUIT
APHIDS hatching as far north as Massachusetts. (p. 348). A FILBERT
APHID is more abundant than for several years in Santa Clara, Oregon
area. (p. 349). GRAPE MEALYBUG is severe in vineyards in Tulare
County, California. (p. 349).

MEDITERRANEAN FRUIT FLY reported from Miami, Florida. (p. 350).

A light movement of BEET LEAFHOPPER is anticipated in agricultural
areas of Arizona, Nevada, Utah and western Colorado in 1956. (p. 351).

340

YELLOW-MARGINED LEAF BEETLE collected in Louisiana for first
time. (p. 352).

ONION THRIPS medium to heavy on onions in Dimmit, Zavala and Rock-
well Counties, Texas. (p. 352). SEED-CORN MAGGOT causing concern
on truck crop in Craighead and Crawford Counties, Arkansas; Madison
County, Georgia and eastern Tennessee. (p. 353). STRAWBERRY LEAF
ROLLER emerging in northeast Kansas, earlier than usual. (p. 353).

TOBACCO FLEA BEETLE light to heavy in several Georgia counties,
general in tobacco beds in eastern and central North Carolina, light in
Chatham, Virginia area. (p. 354). MIDGES damaging tobacco plant beds
in some North Carolina counties. (p. 354).

BOLL WEEVIL survival counts from Hempstead County, Arkansas.
(p. 354). BROWN COTTON LEAFWORM appearing on cotton in Burleson
County, Texas. (p. 354).

EUROPEAN EARWIG more numerous than usual in Reno, Nevada area.
(p. 356).

First report of a DERMESTID (Trogoderma parabile) in Florida.
(os a5)

LIGHT TRAP COLLECTIONS, (p. 359).
WEATHER summary. (p. 308)
Summary of INSECT CONDITIONS - 1955 - Iran. (p. 360).

DEK AK BR KK EK RK EK A AK AK 2K KK EK RK OK AK RK KK

Reports in this issue are for the week ending April 20, 1956, unless
otherwise designated.

- 341 -
CEREAL AND FORAGE INSECTS

EUROPEAN CORN BORER (Pyrausta nubilalis) - DELAWARE -

Pupation 28 percent near Bridgeville by April 16. (Milliron). MARY-
LAND - Pupation underway in Queen Annes County. (U. Md., Ent. Dept. )
ILLINOIS - Winter survival about normal; over 60 percent of borers
observed this spring were alive. With populations present in northern

half of State, this pest may be a very serious problem this year. (Petty

et al). WISCONSIN - Larvae appear to have overwintered with little or

no mortality due to weather. (Wis. Coop. Ins. Survey). NORTH DAKOTA-
Preliminary survey in Cass and Richland Counties showed average sur-
vival of 20 percent. (Goodfellow).

GRASSHOPPERS - UTAH - Hatching in San Juan County. (Chinn).
OKLAHOMA - Hatching underway in most western counties. First and
second instars present. Up to 12 nymphs per square yard but average
populations much lower. (Bower et al).

MORMON CRICKET (Anabrus simplex) - UTAH - Hatching in Juab and
San Juan Counties. (Thornley).

CHINCH BUG (Blissus leucopterus) - NEBRASKA - Moving into wheat
fields in southeastern area. No damage. (Andersen). NORTH CARO-
LINA - In small grain in Stanly County. (Scott).

SOUTHWESTERN CORN BORER (Zeadiatraea grandiosella)- ARKANSAS -
Winter survival counts variable: from 30 to 80 percent in area of Yell,
Logan and Pope Counties. (Warren, April 8-21).

SUGARCANE BORER (Diatraea saccharalis) - LOUISIANA - Active in
cane fields over entire cane belt. Egg masses found in Rapides and
Avoyelles Parishes. (Oliver).

GREENBUG (Toxoptera graminum) - MISSOURI - Infestations largely
confined to western counties from Vernon County southward. From
three to over 1000 aphids per linear foot of row. (Kyd, Thomas).
OKLAHOMA - No economic infestation in western counties. (Coppock).

ENGLISH GRAIN APHID (Macrosiphum granarium) - ARIZONA - Has

been common on heads of wheat in Yuma area since April 13. No dam-
age. Det. R. C. Dickson. (Ariz. Coop. Rept.) ILLINOIS - Thirteen
per 100 sweeps in wheat in southwest section. (Petty et al).

SAY STINK BUG (Chlorochroa sayi) - ARIZONA - Heavy infestations on
about 100 acres of barley in Maricopa County; moderate damage. Also
abundant, up to 40 per plant, on wild mustard in lettuce fields. (Ariz.
Coop. Rept. )

WIRE WORMS - ARKANSAS - Severe attack on young corn in Logan County.
As many as five larvae per foot of row. (Young, Roberts, April 8-21).

- 342 -

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ARMY WORM (Pseudaletia unipuncta) - ARKANSAS - First-brood larvae
have not been recorded this season. (Warren, April 8-21). TEXAS -
Two to three armyworms and variegated cutworms on vetch and small
grain in Kaufman County. (Randolph). ILLINOIS - Occasional moth, no
larvae. (Petty et al). LOUISIANA - Threatening ryegrass in East Carroll
Parish; 6 per square foot in 15 acres. Sixteen larvae per Square foot in
20 acres of wheat in Tensas Parish. Control applied. Other fields of
barley, oats and wheat have 1-20 larvae per 100 sweeps in Bossier,
Natchitoches, West Carroll, Richland, Concordia, Tensas, Madison,
Fast Carroll, Morehouse and West Feliciana Parishes. (Oliver).

PALE WESTERN CUT WORM (Agrotis orthogonia) - NEBRASKA - Infes-
tation continues on winter wheat in Kimball and Cheyenne Counties.
(Andersen). KANSAS - Destructive populations in Sherman County; up

to 15 per linear foot of row. Many fields appear destroyed from drought,
wind and feeding of this cutworm. Less severe in Wallace, Greeley and
Hamilton Counties, where counts range up to 6 larvae per linear foot.
(Matthew).

RICE STINK BUG (Solubea pugnax) - LOUISIANA - From two to 1d per
100 sweeps in heading oats, wheat and barley in Madison, East Carroll
and Tensas Parishes. (Oliver).

A BILLBUG (Calendra venatus vestita) - VIRGINIA - Found on Zoysia
grass near Richmond.. Grass declining:in spots and stolons showing
feeding signs. Det: Ra) EH. Warner.) (Matheny):

BROWN WHEAT MITE (Petrobia latens) - COLORADO - Damaging
numbers in eastern Las Animas County; fifty per leaf. (ARS). OKLAHOMA-
From 20 to over 150 per linear foot of row in ‘wheat fields in 8 western
counties. No more damage expected due to advanced growth of wheat.
(Coppock).

- 343 -

SPOTTED ALFALFA APHID - CALIFORNIA - Density of population

about same as last year in Imperial County. Light to medium in San Di-
ego County desert area. Light to heavy in Riverside and San Bernardino
Counties. Some control necessary in Merced County but infestation heav-
ier than last year. Generally, development slower than last year but
infestation apparently will be severe again. (Harper). ARIZONA - High
numbers on alfalfa in Yuma area causing damage where insecticides not
applied at least once a month. Populations also very high generally in
Pima and Santa Cruz Counties in untreated fields. Winter infestations
were lighter than last year and seedling treatments were not necessary

or much lighter than in 1955. Populations now very high but total number
of treatments should be less than last year. (Ariz. Coop. Rept., Car-
ruth). IDAHO - No spotted alfalfa aphids found in a recent survey in fields
infested in 1955 in Oneida and Franklin Counties. (Gittins). NEW MEXICO-
Build-ups following same pattern as spring of 1955 but more acres involved.
Damage in isolated areas not having damage last year. In southern two-
thirds of State with exception of Las Cruces area of Rio Grande Valley,
infestations increasing. Damage severe on untreated alfalfa. Apparently
due to weather, heavy infestations greatly reduced in Lea County, April

15. (Durkin). UTAH - Commonly present in unsprayed fields of Wash-
ington County. (Knowlton). COLORADO - Early surveys in eastern and
southeastern areas failed to show overwintering populations. This situa-
tion existed in 1955, indicating possibility that severe winter temperatures
may influence survival of this insect in Colorado. . (Colo. Ins. Det. Comm. }
NEBRASKA - None found in Republican or’ Platte Valleys week ending April
al. (Andersen). KANSAS - Spreading northwest; now moderate to severe
south of line from Bourbon County southwest through northern Sumner
through Harper County. Low populations north and west of this area.
Based onlast year's spread rate, aphid expected to cover State in a few
weeks with serious threat to alfalfa. (Knutson, Matthew). From 300 to

6, O00 per sweep in unsprayed fields in Montgomery Co. Lady beetles be-
ginning to build up in extreme southern counties. (Burkhardt).
OKLAHOMA - Most serious central and southwest areas, becoming seri-
ous in extreme eastern and western areas. ‘Thirty-five percent of fields

Spotted Alfalfa Aphid Infestation as Reported Week Ending 4/20

---5 j

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.".2. Heaviest infestations

NS Areas reporting infestations \.

- 344 -

in main alfalfa-growing area plowed up; remaining untreated fields reduced
to non-economic levels of production. Predators reducing aphid populations
_ after alfalfa ruined. Situation much more serious than in 1955. (Howell).
TEXAS - Heavy populations on alfalfa in Brazos and Burleson Counties.
(Randolph). About ten times as many spotted alfalfa aphids this year com-
pared with last year. Estimated 20 percent loss in stands of alfalfa in this
area. Populations being reduced by beneficial insects. (Gaines).

MISSOURI - Damaging infestations confined to 13 southwestern counties with
damage heavier toward southwest corner of State. From two to 500 or more
aphids per plant. In all instances spotted alfalfa aphid in conjunction with
extremely heavy pea aphid infestations resulting in one or combinations of
aphids killing stand or reducing growth to crown. (Kyd, Thomas).
LOUISIANA - Moderate infestation in East Carroll Parish. (Oliver).
ARKANSAS - Spotted alfalfa aphid in nearly all fields in northwest

quarter of State. Heaviest west of line from Miller, Clark to Marion
Counties. Greatest damage specifically due this aphid in Crawford, Wash-
ington, Benton and adjacent counties. Damaging infestations not general.
Complete loss of first cutting in a few fields with estimated 5, 000 aphids
per sweep in some cases. Natural control largely ineffective. (Warren).

PEA APHID (Macrosiphum pisi) - CALIFORNIA - Reported difficult to cuon-
trol in alfalfa in Los Angeles County. (Cal. Coop. Rept.). IDAHO - Stem
mothers in most alfalfa fields of southwestern area. (Gittins). TEXAS -
Light on vetch in Kaufman County. (Randolph). MISSOURI - Extremely
heavy numbers continue to cause heavy damage over southern two-thirds

of State with exception of southeast cotton counties. Counts from 300 to
over 3, 000 aphids per sweep. Cool temperatures keeping parasites and
predators at minimum. (Kyd, Thomas). ARKANSAS - Continues to in-
jure alfalfa stands and hay quality in northwestern counties. From 75-100
to 83000-5000 aphids per sweep of 15-inch net. Numbers usually highest on
older plantings. (Warren April 8-21). LOUISIANA - Very heavy in vetch,
alfalfa and clover over entire State. (Oliver). MISSISSIPPI - Infesting
winter peas in Monroe County. (Hutchins), ILLINOIS - Average of over

9, 000 aphids per 100 sweeps in alfalfa in southwest area. (Petty et al).
VIRGINIA - Building up rapidly in alfalfa over State due to cool weather.
Damage not yet severe enough to warrant spraying. (Rowell et al).
MARYLAND - Light on alfalfa in Queen Annes County where they averaged
2 to-10 per sweep. Building up on alfalfa in St. Marys County, 45 per sweep
in one field. (U. Md., Ent. Dept.). DELAWARE - No notable increase
generally. (Milliron).

FALSE WIREWORMS (Eleodes sp.) - SOUTH DAKOTA - Light infestations
from two to six larvae per square yard, in winter wheat in south-central
counties. (Hantsbarger).

SEED-CORN MAGGOT (Hylemya cilicrura) - DELAWARE - Adults com -
mon over State. (Millirony

MELON APHID (Aphis gossypii) - CALIFORNIA - Light to heavy infesta-
tions in oats in San Bernardino County. (Cal. Coop. Rept. ).

- 340 -

ALFALFA WEEVIL (Hypera postica) - DELAWARE - Third instar larvae
at Bridgeville, April 16. Unseasonable weather retarding activity gener-
ally. (Milliron). VIRGINIA - Very active in all infested counties. Spray-
ing well underway in southern and eastern counties. (Rowell et al). NORTH
CAROLINA - Hight larvae per 10 terminals of alfalfa in Granville County.
(Dogger). MARYLAND - Survey of alfalfa fields in Queen Annes, Mont-
gomery and St. Marys Counties showed an average of 1 to 3 adults per 10
Sweeps. Although held back by weather, larvae appearing in numbers in
tops of plants on Eastern Shore and in southern area. (U. Md., Ent.

Dept. ). UTAH - Control active in many counties but finished in others.
Moderate numbers of larvae, one-third grown, in Washington County.
(Knowlton).

CLOVER LEAF WEEVIL (Hypera punctata) - DELAWARE - Conspicuous
injury to red clover at some locations. (Milliron). MARYLAND - Light
damage to clover in Queen Annes and St. Marys Counties. Larvae aver-
aged 4 per square foot. (U. Md., Ent. Dept.). ILLINOIS - Populations
still highest in southwest and southeast areas where average is 11 per
Square foot. Seven percent dead from disease. No fields observed
warrant insecticide application. (Petty et al).

CLOVER ROOT CURCULIO (Sitona hispidula) - DELAWARE - Adults in
alfalfa and red clover over State. (Milliron).

A CLOVER WEEVIL (Hypera meles) - GEORGIA - Per 100 sweeps in
crimson clover: 310 larvae and 15 adults in Houston County (Johnson),
420 adults in Fayette County and 240 adults in Putnam County (Tippins,
April 18).

LESSER CLOVER LEAF WEEVIL (Hypera nigrirostris) - DELAWARE -
Present generally on red clover. (Milliron). GEORGIA - Average of 55
larvae and 5 adults per 100 sweeps in crimson clover in Houston County
ae 20 larvae and 8 adults per 100 sweeps in this crop in Bacon County.
Johnson).

SWEETCLOVER WEEVIL (Sitona cylindricollis) - NEBRASKA - Increas-
ing in southeastern counties: five per 25 sweeps on alfalfa. Forty-acre
newly seeded alfalfa field destroyed in Gage County. (Andersen).

ARMY CUTWORM (Chorizagrotis auxiliaris) - UTAH - Extensive dam-
age, particularly to alfalfa, in Beaver, Iron and Salt Lake Counties.
(Knowlton). COLORADO - Damage to wheat in Yuma County; 5 cutworms
per linear foot. (Ext. Serv.).. SOUTH DAKOTA - Light to medium infes-
tation in winter wheat south central counties. From two to 12 larvae per
Square yard and damage evident in more heavily infested fields. Light,

2 larvae per square yard, in alfalfa. (Hantsbarger). NEBRASKA -
Increasing in Platte and Republican Valleys; from 2 to 4 per square foot in
alfalfa and wheat. (Andersen). OKLAHOMA - No further damage to small
grains expected in western area. (Coppock).

CUTWORMS - WISCONSIN - Moth flight observed in southern Wisconsin.
(Wis. Coop. Ins. Survey).

- 346 -

MEADOW SPITTLE BUG (Philaenus leucophthalmus) - PENNSYLVANIA-
Hatching in abundance in legumes, Bedford County. (Udine). DELA-
WARE - First-instar nymphs on red clover near Bridgeville. (Milliron).
MARYLAND - Hatching in clover and alfalfa in Queen Annes and Mont-
gomery Counties. Nymphs averaged 22 per square foot in red clover
field in Queen Annes County. (U. Md., Ent. Dept. ).

SPITTLEBUGS - INDIANA - Beginning to hatch April 19 in Montgomery
County, central area. (Everly). ILLINOIS - Hatching as far north as
Illinois River. (Petty et al).

LEAFHOPPERS (Empoasca sp.) - LOUISIANA - Populations remain
static in clover, alfalfa and vetch with 15 per 100 sweeps of burclover
in Natchitoches Parish, 20 per 100 sweeps of burclover in Iberville
and West Baton Rouge Parishes. (Oliver).

CLOVER LEAFHOPPER (Aceratagallia sanguinolenta) - DELAWARE -
Adults in red clover at Andrewsville. (Milliron).

SIX-SPOTTED LEAFHOPPER (Macrosteles fascifrons) - MISSOURI -
Heavy numbers of nymphs, as many as 100 per linear foot ot row,
causing considerable yellowing of small grains in scattered fields of
west central, southwest and south central areas. (Kyd, Thomas).
PENNSYLVANIA - Adults in alfalfa in southeast area. (Menusan).

THREE-CORNERED ALFALFA HOPPER (Spisstilus festinus) -
ARKANSAS - Low numbers, not more than three per 10 Sweeps, in
nearly all alfalfa fields. (Warren, April 8-21). GEORGIA - Twenty-
five adults per 100 sweeps in alfalfa in Butts County, April 12. (Tippins).
LOUISIANA - Populations remain light over State. (Oliver).

ALFALFA CATERPILLAR (Colias philodice eurytheme) - NEVADA -
Mature larvae in Lyon County, March 29. (Lauderdale). DELAWARE -
Larvae, various sizes, in alfalfa from Mt. Pleasant southward.
(Milliron).

GREEN CLOVERWORM (Plathypena scabra) - ARKANSAS - Much
lighter than at this time last year. Upto 10 per 10 sweeps on vetch
in Pope County. (Warren, April 8-21).. GEORGIA - Infesting crimson
clover at 180 larvae per 100 sweeps in Fayette County. (Tippins,
April 18).

SALT-MARSH CATERPILLAR (Estigmene acrea) - TEXAS - Heavy
local populations on hubam sweetclover in Matagorda County. (Kay).

A SPIDER MITE (Petrobia apicalis) - TEXAS - Medium to heavy local
infestation on clovers in Jefferson County. (Bowling).

- 347 -

SPOTTED CUCUMBER BEETLE (Diabrotica undecimpunctata
howardi) - NORTH CAROLINA - Adults in alfalfa in Duplin and Rock-
ingham Counties. (Reid, Farrier). LOUISIANA - Adults continue to
intest alfalfa at 2-10 per 100 sweeps of alfalfa in Bossier, Caddo, Red
River and Natchitoches Parishes. (Oliver).

LYGUS BUGS - UTAH - Numerous in Washington County. Adults
common in most areas of Utah, April 16. (Knowlton).

TARNISHED PLANT BUG (Lygus lineolaris) - DELAWARE - Conspicu-
ous numbers of adults continue in legumes. (Milliron). ILLINOIS -
Fight adults per 100 sweeps in southwest and southeast areas. (Petty et
al). LOUISIANA - Increasing in alfalfa, vetch and clover generally, up
to 1A ae 100 sweeps in Claiborne, Bossier and Natchitoches Parishes.
(Oliver).

EGYPTIAN ALFALFA WEEVIL (Hypera brunneipennis) - CALIFORNIA-
Medium infestations in alfalfa in March in Imperial County. (Cal. Coop.
Rept. ).

BEAN LEAF BEETLE (Cerotoma trifurcata) - DELAWARE - Adults
common in red clover near Farmington and in Sussex County. (Milliron).
LOUISIANA - Observed on soybeans in Rapides, Pointe Coupee and East
Carroll Parishes. (Oliver).

A NITIDULID (Meligethes nigrescens) - OREGON - Observed for first
time this season in Marion County, April 17. (Every).

FRUIT INSECTS

CODLING MOTH (Carpocapsa pomonella) - INDIANA - Counts under
corrugated bands indicate that winter mortality of larvae was light,
about eight percent in Vincennes area. By April 16, 17 percent of over-
wintering larvae had pupated. (Hamilton). NEW YORK - Only larvae
present under bands, April 18. Winter mortality two percent in-eastern
area. (Wkly. Rept. ).

EUROPEAN RED MITE (Metatetranychus ulmi) - CALIFORNIA -
Numbers of eggs found around pear buds along Sierra foothills of
Sacramento Valley. (Cal. Coop. Rept., April 16). ILLINOIS - About
20 percent of eggs hatched in Carbondale area. (Chandler). INDIANA -
Some hatching occurring. Weather unfavorable in Vincennes area.
(Hamilton). NEW YORK - Eggs greater than usual in Orleans County.
(Wkly. Rept. ).

ORCHARD MITES - CALIFORNIA - Spider mites damaged open prune
bugs in Napa County. (Cal. Coop. Rept., April 16). MASSACHUSETTS -
Many clover mite eggs have hatched and masses of eggs occur on tree
trunks. (Crop Pest Cont. Mess.). NEW YORK - Heavy infestation of

- 348 -

clover mite eggs with some adults under bands in eastern area, April 18.
(Wkly. Rpt.). UTAH - Clover mite hatching in Weber and Box Elder
Counties. (Davis, April 16). Some marking of apple foliage in Washing-
ton County. (Knowlton). Migration of Tetranychus mcdanieli to foliage
at Roy. (Davis, Nielsen, Apr. 16).

PEACH SILVER MITE (Vasates cornutus) - IDAHO - Light infestations
in orchards of Payette, Canyon and Washington Counties. (Walz).

RED-BANDED LEAF ROLLER (Argyrotaenia velutinana) - INDIANA -
Egg masses can readily be found in Vincennes area. Weather favorable.
(Hamilton).

PLUM CURCULIO (Conotrachelus nenuphar) - GEORGIA - Eggs found in
fruit, April 16. (Snapp). ILLINOIS - Several jarred from trees in
Carbondale area, April 18. (Chandler).

PEAR THRIPS (Taeniothrips inconsequens) - CALIFORNIA - Light to
medium infestation in prune in Napa County. Infestations in some
scattered pear orchards in El Dorado County in March. (Cal. Coop.
Rept., April 16).

LESSER PEACH TREE BORER (Synanthedon pictipes) - PENNSYLVANIA-
Mature larvae very numerous on peaches in Washington County. (Udine).

GREEN PEACH APHID (Myzus persicae) - IDAHO - Average of 5. 3 eggs
per six-inch twig in orchards of Payette, Washington and Canyon Coun-
ties. (Walz).

APHIDS - MASSACHUSETTS - A few have hatched in sheltered areas.
(Crop Pest Cont. Mess.). NEW YORK - First rosy apple aphid in Rock-
land County, April 17. Most aphids here apple grain aphid. Apple aphid
and apple grain aphid quite numerous on unsprayed trees, April 18,
Ulster County. First hatch of rosy apple aphid in Dutchess County,
April 20. Apple and apple grain aphid hatching in Columbia County.
First hatch of apple grain aphid in Niagara County, April 20. Cherry
aphids hatching in small numbers in Sweet cherries in Niagara County.
(Wkly. Rept. ).

BLACK CHERRY APHID (Myzus cerasi) - OREGON - Populations build-
ing up in unsprayed orchards in Lane County, April 18. (Jones).

EYE-SPOTTED BUD MOTH (Spilonota ocellana) - OREGON - Pupation
beginning in some areas, April 18. (Jones).

COTTONY-CUSHION SCALE (Icerya purchasi) - CALIFORNIA - Medium
to heavy infestations in grapefruit in San Bernardino County. (Cal. Coop.
Rept., April 16).

- 349 -

EASTERN TENT CATERPILLAR (Malacosoma americanum) - —
VIRGINIA - First webs noted April 14 on peach trees in Blacksburg
(Rowell) and in Montgomery County April 14 (Amos). Unusually scarce
Richmond area. (Willey). PENNSYLVANIA - Feeding on buds of apples
in Chester and Delaware Counties. (Menusan). MARYLAND - Tents in
wild cherry and apple trees in most sections. (U. Md., Ent. Dept. ).

CATFACING INSECTS - ILLINOIS - Stink bugs beginning to appear in
orchards in Carbondale area. (Chandler). INDIANA - Stink bug popu-
lations light in Vincennes area. ‘Tarnished plant bugs showing slight
increase on April 2. (Hamilton). CALIFORNIA - Overwintering adults
of Euschistus conspersus appearing in Lake County orchards in March.
(Cal. Coop. Rept. ).

OLIVE SCALE (Parlatoria oleae) - CALIFORNIA - Heavy infestations
in deciduous fruit in Fresno County and medium to heavy in Tulare
County. (Cal. Coop. Rept., April 16).

A FILBERT LEAF ROLLER (Archips rosana) - OREGON - Eggs be-
ginning to hatch in Willamette Valley, April 18. (Thompson).

A FILBERT APHID (Myzocallis coryli) - OREGON - More abundant than
for several years in Santa Clara area. (Thompson).

GRAPE MEALYBUG (Pseudococcus maritimus) - CALIFORNIA - Severe
infestations in vineyards in Tulare County. (Cal. Coop. Rept., Apr. 16).

MEXICAN FRUIT FLY (Anastrepha ludens) - CALIFORNIA - Continued
surveys on both sides of border showed no infestations. (Cal. Coop.
Rept., April 16).

CITRUS RED MITE (Metatetranychus citri) - CALIFORNIA - Medium
infestations in March in Orange County citrus. Warranted control in
loseAngeles County 10r first time Since September. (Cal. Coop. Rept:
Apr. 16).

CITRUS APHIDS - CALIFORNIA - Numerous in San Diego County citrus.
Medium infestations in Orange County citrus. (Cal. Coop. Rept., Apr. 16).

CALIFCRNIA RED SCALE (Aonidiella aurantii) - CALIFORNIA - Infes-
tations from light to heavy in San Bernardino County citrus. (Cal. Coop.
Rept., April 16). Light to medium infestations in citrus in Santa Barbara
County (Cale Coops Rept. + April 23):

YELLOW SCALE (Aonidiella citrina) - CALIFORNIA - Light to heavy
infestations in citrus in Tulare County. (Cal. Coop. Rept., April 16).

- 350 -

Mediterranean Fruit Fly Reported from Florida

Larvae collected from infested grapefruit in a backyard in northwest Mi-
ami have been determined as the Mediterranean fruit fly (Ceratitis capi-
tata). The infestation is in the general vicinity of docks and an airport.
The infestation as it is known today involves about 10 square miles, well
removed from commercial citrus-producing areas. ‘The State has taken
action to prevent spread and the Plant Pest Control Branch has assigned
experienced men from the Mexican fruit fly control program in Texas to
assist in the trapping and eradication effort. In notifying State officials,
Mr. Ed L. Ayers, Plant Commissioner, State Plant Board of Florida,
pointed out that he hoped to have all fruit in the area cleaned out within a
very few days and to have host plants sprayed with a malathion spray con-
taining partially hydrolyzed yeast protein which has proved such an effec-
tive attractant in experimental work conducted in Hawaii. (Popham).

- 351 -
TRUCK CROP INSECTS
Second Statement of Beet Leafhopper Conditions in Utah, Western Colorado,

Southern Nevada, Southeastern California and Central Arizona - 1956

A light movement of the leafhoppers in the cultivated districts of southern
Utah and southern Nevada started in late March. Additional light leaf-
hopper movements may be expected in the central Arizona, southern Neva-
da and southern Utah areas in late April or early May. The leafhopper
movement to the agricultural areas of northern Utah and western Colorado
will be very light and will probably start by late April and early May.
Approximately one percent of the leafhoppers collected from the southern
breeding area in January, February and March were carrying the curly
top virus, compared with about 20 percent in the same period in1955. The
beet leafhopper population in the breeding grounds of northern Utah border-
ing Great Salt Lake and Utah Lake and in eastern Utah is light to moderate
and the anticipated leafhopper movement is expected to be light. Approxi-
mately five percent of the leafhoppers collected from the northern Utah
breeding grounds in 1956 were carrying the curly top virus compared with
20 percent in 1955. Host plant conditions in the local breeding grounds of
northern and eastern Utah are unfavorable for producing a large spring
brood. According to present indications, the leafhopper brood in the lecal
breeding grounds will be light and probably will mature by late May or
early June. This movement will be to the cultivated districts of northern
Utah and western Colorado. In summary, a light movement of the beet
leafhopper is anticipated in all of the agricultural areas of Arizona, Ne-
vada, Utah and western Colorado in 1956 and little damage is expected to
sugar beets, tomatoes, beans or cantaloups. (Dorst, Knowlton, April 16).

BEET LEAFHOPPER (Circulifer tenellus) - CALIFORNIA - Spraying of
11, ‘765 gallons of insecticide on west side of San Joaquin Valley by April
15 and other areas sprayed in Belridge area of Kern County. (Cal. Coop.
Rept., April 16). ARIZONA - Infesting cantaloup since their emergence,
populations have now dropped off. Very low percent viruliferous. (Ariz.
Coop. Rept. ). COLORADO - Taken on tansy mustard in Arkansas Valley
week of Mar. 18. (ARS).

CABBAGE APHID (Brevicoryne brassicae) - CALIFORNIA - Medium in-
festations on cole crops in Orange County. (Cal. Coop. Rept., April 16).
Medium infestations in Imperial County cabbage and lettuce fields. Light
to heavy infestations on cole crops and lettuce in Santa Barbara County.

(Cal. Coop. Rept., April 23).

TURNIP APHID (Rhopalosiphum pseudobrassicae) - DELAWARE - Infes-
ting small cabbage plants near Newark. (Milliron).

IMPORTED CABBAGEWORM (Pieris rapae) - VIRGINIA - Seve ral adults
observed in Orange County, April 17. (Amos). DELAWARE - Adults be-
coming conspicuous in Sussex County. (Milliron).

FLEA BEETLES - DELAWARE - Populations of Phyllotreta cruciferae

- 352 -

and P. striolata numerous in a large horseradish planting near Felton.
(Milliron).

YELLOW-MARGINED LEAF BEETLE (Microtheca ochroloma) - LOUISI-
ANA - Taken in Tangipahoa Parish April 16 from mustard greens. First
record for State. Infestation averaged about six larvae per leaf and about
four ae per linear foot of row on one row of mustard 40 yards long.
(Oliver).

COLORADO POTATO BEETLE (Leptinotarsa decemlineata) - GEORGIA -
Moderate to heavy infestations on tomatoes in Cook County, moderate in
Coffee and moderate to heavy in Tattnall County. (Johnson, April 19).
FLORIDA - Moderate infestations on tomatoes at Orange Lake, Marion
County, April 9. (Condo).

VEGETABLE WEEVIL (Listroderes. costirostris obliquus) - LOUISIANA -
(chee, damaging peppers, tomatoes and mustard in T’angipahoa Parish.
Oliver).

ONION THRIPS (Thrips tabaci) - TEXAS - Medium to heavy widespread
populations on onions in Dimmit and Zavala Counties. (Richardson).
Medium widespread infestations on onions in Rockwall County. (Hawkins).
GEORGIA - Light infestations on commercial onions in Tattnall County,
April 19. (Johnson).

ONION MAGGOT (Hylemya antiqua) - OREGON - Emergence began April
15. (Crowell).

PLAINS FALSE WIREWORM (Eleodes opaca) - TEXAS - Medium local
populations in cucumbers in Zavala County. Seedlings being killed.
(Richardson).

WIREWORMS - NORTH CAROLINA - Attacking sweetpotatoes in Iredell
County. (Franklin).

SUGAR-BEET ROOT MAGGOT (Tetanops myopaeformis) - COLORADO -
Overwintering larvae in top six inches of soil about one per eight square
inches. (Colo. Ins. Det. Serv. ).

A SPOTTED CABBAGE LOOPER (Autographa oo) - FLORIDA - Severely
damaging commercially-grown mint, April 12. (Molitor).

POTATO PSYLLID (Paratrioza cockerelli) - CALIFORNIA - Medium in-
festations with light damage on’peppers in San Diego County. (Cal. Coop.
Rept., April 16).

ASPARAGUS BEETLE (Criocerus asparagi) - CALIFORNIA - Medium
infestations on asparagus in Orange County. (Cal. Coop. Rept., April 16)

ARTICHOKE PLUME MOTH (Platyptilia carduidactyla) - CALIFORNIA -
Damage to artichokes less than five percent in San Mateo County in March,
(Cal. Coop. Rept., April 16). Heavy infestations in artichokes in

= 353 -
Santa Barbara County. (Cal. Coop. Rept., Apr. 28).
PEA LEAF WEEVIL (Sitona lineata) - OREGON - Some damage to peas

near Hillsboro and Cedar Mill with 40 to 50 percent more abundant than
in 1955. (Hanna).

COWPEA CURCULIO (Chalcodermus aeneus) - ARKANSAS - Ten trash
samples from Lincoln County yielded an average of 8238 adults per acre
of ground trash near old pea fields. (Warren).

SEED-CORN MAGGOT (Hylemya cilicrura) - ARKANSAS - Infestations
causing up to 15 percent mortality to new strawberry settings in Craig-
head County and damaging beans and tomatoes in Crawford County.
(Warren). GEORGIA - Heavy infestations on beans and corn in Madison
County, April 17. (Johnson). VIRGINIA - Attacking English peas in
Richmond area. (Willey). TENNESSEE - Destroying garden seeds in
eastern third of State. (Mullett). PENNSYLVANIA - Adults noted on
cabbage in Montgomery and Lebanon Counties. (Menusan).

OBLIQUE-BANDED LEAF ROLLER (Archips rosaceana) - OREGON -
Larvae damaging new growth of raspberries in Lebanon area.
(Rosenstiel).

CUTWORMS - CALIFORNIA - Caused medium damage to strawberries
in Santa Cruz County. (Cal. Coop. Rept., April 16). WASHINGTON -
Damaging tomato plants in flats at Union Gap. (Landis).

A NITIDULID (Lobiopa insularis) - LOUISIANA - Infesting ripe straw-
berry fruits in Tangipahoa Parish and causing grave concern among
farmers. (Oliver).

STRAWBERRY WEEVILS - TENNESSEE - Active in strawberry plantings
of State. (Mullett).

TWO-SPOTTED SPIDER MITE (Tetranychus telarius) - CALIFORNIA -
Medium infestations in strawberry fields in Santa Cruz County. (Cal.
Coop. Rept., April 16). Medium infestations in Santa Barbara County
strawberry fields. (Cal. Coop. Rept., April 28).

SPIDER MITES - LOUISIANA - Strawberry foliage infested with
Tetranychus desertorum and T. lobosus. (Oliver).

STRAWBERRY LEAF ROLLER (Ancylis comptana fragariae) - KANSAS -
Emerging in Wathena-Blair area, Doniphan County, April 14. About
two weeks earlier than usual. (Eshbaugh).

STRAWBERRY ROOT APHID (Aphis forbesi) - LOUISIANA - Continues
to infest strawberry foliage throughout strawberry belt. (Oliver).

- 304 -

TOBACCO INSECTS

TOBACCO FLEA BEETLE (Epitrix hirtipennis) - GEORGIA - Heavy infes-
tations on field tobacco in-Tift, Ware, Atkinson, Coffee and Pierce
Counties. Moderate to heavy infestations in Bacon, Appling, Tattnall and
Candler Counties and light infestations in Cook County, April 19. (Johnson).
NORTH CAROLINA - General in tobacco plant beds in eastern and north
central areas with severe damage in some local spots where not controlled.
(Farrier, Scott), VIRGINIA - Infestations generally light. (Dominick).

VEGETABLE WEEVIL (Listroderes costirostris obliquus) - MARYLAND -
Adults and larvae feeding on weeds in tobacco plant bed at Beachville, St.
Marys County. (U. Md., Ent. Dept.). NORTH CAROLINA - Moderate

to light in tobacco plant beds in Martin and Johnston Counties and adults
severely damaging newly-set field in Columbus County. (Scott, Jones).

GREEN JUNE BEETLE (Cotinis nitida) - VIRGINIA - Medium infestations
found in several beds. (Dominick).

WHITE GRUBS - NORTH CAROLINA - Reported in tobacco plant beds in
Lee and Johnston Counties. (Harman, Tarlton).

MIDGES - NORTH CAROLINA - Damaging tobacco plant beds in Johnston,
Forsyth and Lee Counties. (Tarlton, Harman, Hobb).

COTTON INSECTS

BOLL WEEVIL (Anthonomus grandis) - ARKANSAS - Samples of ground
trash from Hempstead County showed an average of 2209 adults per acre
compared with 2688 per acre last fall. (Warren).

BOLLWORMS - TEXAS - Some damage to young cotton in Edinburg area
of Lower Rio Grande Valley. (Deer).

PINK BOLLWORM (Pectinophora gossypiella) - OKLAHOMA - A check of
12.8 pounds of cotton debris and 821 bolls from Cotton, Harmon, Jeffer-
son, Love, McCurtain, Pottawatomie and Tillman Counties showed three
live and 173 dead larvae and one live pupa. (Bower et al.). TEXAS - Of
7700 bolls from ground and standing showed no bollworms in Culberson
County, three in Hudspeth and 6. 45 per 100 bolls inspected in El Paso
County: (P:) B: Cont.) Proj, Aprils):

BROWN COTTON LEAFWORM (Acontia dacia) - TEXAS - Light infesta-
tion on seedling cotton in Burleson County. (Lloyd).

APHIDS - ARIZONA - Appearing on cotton in true leaf stage. per-
sicae and a few Aphis gossypii at 1-7 per plant on 100 acres at Mesa, Mar-
icopa County. Severe in one field of stub cotton in Pinal County and lighter
in adjacent planted fields. (Ariz. Coop. Rept.). TEXAS - Light to heavy
populations in some fields of Lamar County. (Neal). Light infestations in

- 350 -

Kleberg County. (Lloyd). With lygus bugs, causing greatest damage in
ee Grande Valley. Aphids concentrated in Willacy County area.
(Deer).

THRIPS - TEXAS - Very light infestation in Houston County. (Crouch).
Light, widespread infestation in Nueces County. (Nolan). Light infes-
tations in Brazos River bottoms of Brazos County. (Wipprecht).

FLEAHOPPERS - TEXAS - Increasing in western part of lower Rio Grande
Valley. Control begun. (Deer). Light infestations of Psallus seriatus in
Nueces County. (Dugger).

Correction: Under COTTON INSECTS insert TEXAS after thrips CEIR
6(16):333.

INSECTS AFFECTING MAN AND ANIMALS

CATTLE GRUBS - NORTH DAKOTA - Of 72 head of cattle checked at
Dickinson, April 10 and 18, 80 percent were infested, with an average of
9.2 grubs per animal. Forty-one yearling heifers averaged 12.6 grubs
per animal, 14 cows averaged 11 grubs and three bulls averaged 2.6 grubs
per animal. (Goodfellow).

CATTLE LICE - UTAH - Percent cattle sprayed by county was about 40

in Tooele County; (Biggs, Knowlton); 10 in Summit (Moore); and 75 per-
cent ‘a beef cattle and 25 percent of dairy cattle of Morgan County. (That-
cher).

MOSQUITOES - COLORADO - Emergence of Culex tarsalis from hiberna-
tion, March 24. (PHS, Exp. Sta.). CALIFORNIA- Aedes bicristatus takm
for first time in Calaveras County; fourth instar larvae. This is sixth
county for State. (Cal. Coop. Rept., April 16).

BLACK FLIES - DELAWARE - Prosimulium hirtipes and Cnephia mutata
annoying men at Newark. (Milliron).

Correction: Add NORTH CAROLINA after Callitroga hominivorax and in-
sert UTAH after cattle lice, CEIR 6(16):333.

FOREST, ORNAMENTAL AND SHADE TREE INSECTS

PALES WEEVIL (Hylobius pales) - TEXAS - Infestations on pine planta-
tions established during the winter on cutover land in Montgomery and
Nacogdoches Counties. (Texas For. Pest Comm. ).

TURPENTINE BEETLES (Dendroctonus sp.) - TEXAS - Work continues
on stumps and green trees in Walker County to control an infestation per-
sisting for several months. (Texas For. Pest Comm. ).

- 356 -

A PINE SAWFLY (Neodiprion taedae linearis) - ARKANSAS - Range has
increased in Bradley-Calhoun area. Complete defoliation of many trees
expected. (Warren).

PINE NEEDLE MINER (Exoteleia pinifoliella) - TEXAS - Causing conspic-
uous but non-economic browning of pine needles throughout southeastern
area. (Texas For. Pest Comm.).

A PITCH MIDGE (Retinodiplosis sp.) - TEXAS - Causing minor damage to
pine eae and twigs in Newton and Rusk Counties. (Texas For. Pest
Comm. ).

JUNIPER WEBWORM (Dichomeris marginella) - PENNSYLVANIA - Lar-
vae very abundant on juniper in Delaware County. (Menusan).

COOLEY SPRUCE GALL APHID (Chermes cooleyi) - OREGON - Egg de-
position on Douglas-fir, April 16. (Goeden).

NATIVE ELM BARK BEETLE (Hylurgopinus rufipes) - WISCONSIN - Ac-
tive in galleries but not emerging at Madison. (Wis. Coop. Ins. Sur. ).

EUROPEAN ELM SCALE (Gossyparia spuria) - SOUTH DAKOTA - Heavy
infestation on elm in Lawrence County. Crawlers active. (Komanetsky).
KANSAS - Infestations have spread in some western counties where no
controls used. (Calkins, Brady).

EASTERN TENT CATERPILLAR (Malacosoma americanum) - NEW
JERSEY - Hatching throughout State. (Merrill). DELAWARE - Small
tents on wild cherry several places in Sussex County. (Milliron).
PENNSYLVANIA - Hatched in southeastern area. (Menusan).

A SCALE (Lecanium quercifex) - NORTH CAROLINA - Twigs of water oak
eee ae covered in local infestations in New Hanover County. (Howell,
Scott),

SPRING CANKERWORM (Paleacrita vernata) - KANSAS - Early hatch has
reached second instar in eastern area. (Calkins, Brady).

COTTONY MAPLE SCALE (Pulvinaria innumerabilis) - WASHINGTON -
Heavy on maples at Union Gap. (Landis).

CLOVER MITE (Bryobia praetiosa) - WASHINGTON - Injuring garden
flowers and annoying in homes in Yakima and Union Gap. (Landis).

AZALEA LEAF MINER (Gracilaria azaleella) - CALIFORNIA - Very
heavy infestation on azaleas in greenhouse in San Mateo County in March.
(Cal. Coop. Rept., April 16).

EUROPEAN EARWIG (Forficula auricularia) -- NEVADA - Populations
more numerous than inpast few years in Reno area. (Gallaway, April 12).

- 307 -

STORED PRODUCTS INSECTS

DERMESTIDS - IDAHO - Light to heavy infestations of Trogoderma spp.
in a number of feed mills in Bingham and Bonneville Counties. (Gittins).
FLORIDA - Larva of Trogoderma parabile collected from corn meal at
Gainesville, Alachua County, Nov. 30, 1955. Det. W. H. Anderson,
First record for State. (Gross).

BENEFICIAL INSECTS

PREDATORS - NEVADA - Introduced lady beetles combined with lace-
wings, big-eyed bugs, and damsel bugs have controlled spotted alfalfa
aphid on limited acreage in Clark County. (Lauderdale),

KLAMATHWEED BEETLE (Chrysolina gemellata) - CALIFORNIA - Adults
larvae and eggs on klamathweeds in ‘Tuolumne County. (Cal. Coop. Rept.,
April 16).

SPOTTED ALFALFA APHID PARASITES - CALIFORNIA - Aphelinus sem-
iflavus and Praeon sp. released in March in Monterey County. (Cal. Coop.
Rept., April 16).

MEALYBUG PREDATOR (Cryptolaemus montrouzieri) - CALIFORNIA -
During March, 11, 280 specimens released in Orange County. (Cal. Coop.
Rept., April 16).

MISCELLANEOUS INSECTS

CLOVER MITE (Bryobia praetiosa) - CALIFORNIA - Annoying in house-
holds in San Diego County and infesting more homes than ever before in
Los Angeles County. (Cal. Coop. Rept., April 16). IDAHO - First gener-
ation has reached adult stage at Moscow and moving into houses. (Manis,
Gittins), MISSOURI - Heavy numbers annoying around households over
much of State. (Kyd, Thomas). KENTUCKY - Annoying in homes in Pad-
ucah and Louisville areas. (Price).

BLM LEAF BEETLE (Galerucella xanthomelaena) - IDAHO - Heavy spring
migrations from hibernation in Boise Valley. (Portman). KENTUCKY -
Emerging from hibernation, (Price).

TERMITES - IDAHO - A few reports of infestations in buildings in Bingham
County. (Portman). UTAH - Infesting several homes at Morgan, (Knowl-
ton, April 16). DELAWARE - Infestations of Reticulitermes flavipes in
public building in Newark. (Milliron). NORTH CAROLINA- Infestations

of R. flavipes in Beaufort County public schools and a Polk County home.
(Jones, Wright).

- 358 -

ADDITIONAL NOTES

KANSAS - GRASSHOPPER nymphs on rangeland in Finney, Haskell, Se-
ward, Mead, Clark, Comanche, Barber and Pratt Counties. Counts 3-5
first instar nymphs per square yard. Numerous viable eggs in area.
(Frazier, Seaton). CLOVER MITE up to 100 per sweep of alfalfa in Riley
County (Burkhardt) and infesting homes in Clay County (Brady). CHINCH
BUG adults up to 20-30 per linear foot of drill row in wheat field in Mont-
gomery County. (Burkhardt), SOUTH CAROLINA - Light trap collections,
Oconee County, April 15-21: Pseudaletia unipuncta, 12; Agrotis ypsilon
4; Prodenia ornithogalli, 1.

KK OK KK KOK KKK KOK OK KOK KOK KOK KKK KK KKK

WEATHER FOR THE WEEK ENDING APRIL 23, 1956

Cold air masses which moved in from Canada via the North Central States
dominated the weekly weather pattern over the eastern two-thirds of the
Nation. Minimum temperatures were below freezing nearly every night
in the northern Great Plains region and on some nights extended south-
ward to include northern sections of some extreme Southern States. Slight
damage was reported to fruit blossoms, tobacco plants, and tender truck
crops, while plant growth in general was retarded. Lowest temperatures
for so late in the season were observed at many locations, including 23°
at South Bend, Ind., on April 20; 27° at Greensboro, N.C., on April 21;
17° at Glasgow, Mont., on April 22; and 25° at Des Moines, Iowa on
April 23. Weekly temperatures averaged below normal by 12° in South
Carolina and by 11° in western Texas, while from the Continental Divide
westward averages for the week were near normal to as high as 9° above,
as reported at Spokane, Wash. On Friday temperatures reached the low-
er 80's as far north as North Head, Wash., and on Sunday 99° was ob-
served at Thermal, Calif.

Daily precipitation occurred from the eastern Great Lakes region to the
Ohio Valley eastward and northward to the Atlantic Coast. While snow-
falls of 1 to 3 inches were general over the northern portion of the area,
Bear Pen at an elevation of 3600 feet in the New York Catskills reported
as much as 16.5 inches over the weekend and Montrose, Pa., up to 9
inches. In the southern and central Rocky Mountain and Plateau States
and in Texas scattered showers brought some beneficial moisture to
isolated areas. Weekly precipitation amounts were moderate in some of
these locations and moderate to heavy in the Northeast as well as along
the coast from Georgia northward to southern Virginia. No substantial
rain fell along the Pacific Coast, or in the Plains region where sections
of North Dakota, Minnesota, and Oklahoma reported blowing soil with the
occurrence of gusty winds.

Most outstanding in the precipitation occurrences during the period was a
rainfall at Corpus Christie, Tex., of over 7 inches in 24 hours, ending the
morning of April 24. Highways and streets in neighboring towns were re-
ported flooded.

(Summary Supplied by U.S. Weather Bureau).

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360

SUMMARY OF INSECT CONDITIONS - 1955*
IRAN
Prepared by R. Q. Gardenhire and A. Davatchi 1/

Cereal and Forage Insects
SEN PEST (Eurygaster integriceps) was a major pest to wheat and barley
in Tehran, Isfahan and Shiraz areas. An egg parasite (Microphanurus

semistriatus) gave good control of sen pest when released on 25, 000 acres
in Isfahan area. MOROCCAN LOCUST (Dociostaurus maroccanus) dam-
aged small grains in northeastern Iran around Gorgan and Gunbadeghabus.
Numerous escaping swarms threaten to make 1956 situation serious.
Recent surveys show an estimated 425, 000 acres infested with egg beds.
DESERT LOCUST (Schistocerca gregaria) was limited to small areas in
southern Iran and no major infestations developed. SPOTTED ALFALFA
APHID caused limited economic damage, mainly in new plantings of al-
falfa, in Karaj and Hamadan areas. Braconid parasites (Praon sp. and
Trioxys sp.) and coccinellid predators were apparently keeping aphids
under control in most areas. An ALFALFA CATERPILLAR (Colias sp. )
in combination with ARMYWORMS (Prodenia litura) damaged alfalfa late
in season in Ahwaz area. COWPEA APHID (Aphis medicaginis) popula-
tions were high and causing extensive damage to some alfalfa fields

near Ahwaz, but coccinellid predators were very abundant (100 or more
per plant) and late in season had practically wiped out infestations. An
ALFALFA WEEVIL (Hypera sp. ) was present in most alfalfa fields but
apparently caused minor damage. CORN STEM BORER (Sesamia
cretica) caused severe damage to both corn stalks and ears in Tehran and
Isfahan areas.

Cotton Insects

SPINY BOLLWORM (Erias insulana) made planting of cotton impractical
in southwestern Iran. However, experiments showed effective insecti-

cidal control could be obtained. PINK BOLLWORM (Pectinophora gos-

_ sypiella) was not reported as of any economic importance anywhere in
Iran. One specimen (Det. by H. W. Capps) collected in Garmsar area
was first record from northern Iran. SPIDER MITES (Tetranychus spp. )
caused serious defoliation and boll-dropping especially where
certain insecticides were applied. COTTON WHITEFLY (Bemisia
tabaci) was quite prevalent in unsprayed cotton fields in Ahwaz area.
COTTON APHID (Aphis gossypii) was abundant in most areas early in
season. COTTON STEM MOTH (Platyedra vilella) caused minor damage
to cotton bolls and terminal shoots in Garmsar area. A THRIPS (Thrips
sp.) was present in most areas but only minor damage observed. A
BOLLWORM (Heliothis armigera) was most important pest of cotton in
Caspian region but of very minor importance to cotton in other areas of
Iran.

1/ Davatchi is with Ministry of Agriculture, Iran.

*In so far as possible, scientific names have been cleared with ARS
records.

361

Truck Crop Insects
BEET ARMYWORM (Laphygma exiqua) damaged sugar beets early in sea-

son in most areas. MELON FLY (Myiopardalis pardalina) was the most
important pest of melons and caused extensive damage all over Iran. Av-
erage damage estimated at 80 percent in unprotected melon fields.
MELON BEETLE (Epilachna chrysomelina) was a serious pest on cucur-
bits in all unsprayed fields. A LEPIDOPTEROUsS LARVA (Gnorimo-
schema ocellatella) caused severe damage to sugar beet stems in Shiraz
and Tehran areas. SUGARBEET ROOTWORM (Bothynoderes puncti-
ventris) killed young sugarbeet plants and greatly reduced stands. A
TOMATO FRUITWORM (Heliothis armigera) was not observed on toma-
toes in any instance but was a serious pest of chick peas. A CABBAGE-
WORM (Pieris brassicae) was most important pest of cabbage in Caspian
and central regions while Pieris rapae was of minor importance.

Fruit and Nut Insects

CODLING MOTH (Carpocapsa pomonella) was a general pest of apples
and pears in all fruit growing areas of Iran with an estimated average
damage of 50 percent. CHERRY CURCULIO (Rhynchites auratus) was the
most important insect of cherries in all areas and also caused extensive
damage to apricots and almonds. CHERRY FRUIT FLY (Rhagoletis
cerasi) caused extensive damage to cherries in small areas but was not
generally distributed. DICTYOSPERUM SCALE (Chrysomphalus dictyo-
spermi)was the most serious pest of citrus and heavily infested both
foliage and fruit in the entire Caspian area. PURPLE SCALE (Lepido-
saphes beckii) and GLOVER SCALE (L. gloverii) in combination were
infesting citrus quite heavily in the Ramsar area on the Caspian Sea but
were not generally distributed. COTTTONY-CUSHION SCALE (Icerya
purchasi) was of limited importance to citrus due to effective control by
VEDALIA (Rodolia cardinalis). OLIVE SCALE (Parlatoria oleae) was of
minor economic importance and was kept under control by a parasite
(Aphytis sp.). A FULGORID (Ommatissus binotatus) was the most im-
portant pest of dates and severe damage occurred in the Kerman and
Jahrom areas. AN APHID (Pterochlorus persicae) was extremely abund-
ant on small branches of peach, apricot, and almond, and frequently
killed portions of trees. PISTACHIO LEAFHOPPER (Idiocerus stali)
caused from 50 percent to total loss of pistachio crop in unsprayed
groves. PISTACHIO PSYLLID (Rhinocola targioni) (Det. by L. M.
Russell) caused heavy honey-dew deposits and extensive sooty mold on
pistachio trees late in season. PISTACHIO NUT BORER (Eurytoma
pistaciae) was another serious pest of pistachios and caused many nuts

to drop from trees before maturing. ALMOND NUT BORER (Eurytoma
amygdali) was a serious pest of almonds in all areas.

Stored Products Insects

GRANARY WEEVIL (Sitophilus granarius) was the most important pest of
stored grains throughout the country, while KHAPRA BEETLE (Trogo-
derma granarium) was also of major importance, causing heavy losses
especially to stored wheat and barley.

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3 SERVICE _ :
EPARTMENT OF AGRICULTURE

AGRICULTURAL RESEARCH SERVICE

PLANT PEST CONTROL BRANCH

ECONOMIC INSECT SURVEY SECTION

The Cooperative Economic Insect Report Is
Issued weekly as a service to American Agrl-
culture. Its contentsare compiled from informa-
tion supplied by cooperating State, Federal, and
industrial entomologists and other agricultural
workers. In releasing this material the Branch
serves as a clearing house and does not assume

responsibility for accuracy of the material.

Reports and inquiries pertaining to this release
should be mailed to:

Economic Insect Survey Section
Plant Pest Control Branch
Agricultural Research Service
United States Department of Agriculture
Washington 25, D. C.

Volume 6 ee Maiy Aael956 No. 18
COOPERATIVE ECONOMIC INSECT REPORT

Highlights of Insect Conditions

ARMYWORM in local populations heavy in oats and vetch in Kaufman
County, Texas and threatening younger small grains and grasses in north-
eastern Louisiana. Numerous in oat fields in Humphreys County, Miss=
issippi and requiring control. (p. 365). Heavy populations of GREENBUG
in spring-planted oats in Wagoner and Tulsa Counties, Oklahoma. (p. 365).
High populations of ENGLISH GRAIN APHID on small grains throughout
Maricopa and Pinal Counties, Arizona. (p. 365). PALE WESTERN CUT-
WORM causing extensive damage to winter wheat in northeast Cheyenne
County, Nebraska. In several counties, 80, O00 acres have been sprayed.
Also of concern in western Kansas. Heavy local populations of VARIE-
GATED CUTWORM in Kaufman County, Texas and in Humphreys County,
Mississippi. (p. 366).

SIX-SPOTTED LEAFHOPPER in heavy numbers continue generally in bar-
ley, oats and pastures in southwest and west central Missouri. (p. 366).
Heavy local populations of CHINCH BUG on corn and milo in Lee County,
Texas. (p. 366).

SPOTTED ALFALFA APHID destroyed some alfalfa fields in Washington
County, Utah and causing damage to some fields in San Juan County. Heavy
populations on alfalfa in Denton, Kaufman and Rockwall Counties, Texas
and continues as a problem in southern Arizona. (p. 367). Heavy to se-
vere infestations in southeastern Kansas and causing serious damage in
southern Missouri counties. Populations up to 1000 per sweep in south-
western counties of Missouri. (p. 368).

LYGUS BUGS continue to build up in alfalfa and vetch in Louisiana and com-
mon in alfalfa in Missouri and other states. (p. 368). ARMY CUTWORM
causing extensive damage to winter wheat in several Nebraska counties and
in Yuma, Logan and Sedgwick Counties, Colorado. (p. 369). PEA APHID
populations building up to damaging numbers in Delta and Mesa Counties,
Colorado. Considerable acreage of alfalfa killed back to crown in south-
west and west central areas of Missouri and damage continues in southern
and east central areas. (p. 369). ALFALFA WEEVIL causing damage to
alfalfa in Orange County, Virginia and in Wake and Franklin Counties,
North Carolina. Populations in alfalfa increasing in two areas of Maryland
and damage to alfalfa in Delaware and elsewhere. (p. 370).

CLOVER LEAF WEEVIL causing light damage to alfalfa in several Utah
counties and moderate damage in Montgomery County, Tennessee.
(p. 370). Unusually abundant in southern Kentucky in red clover and

364

alfalfa. (p. 379). Injuring alfalfa and red clover several areas of Illinois
and requiring control measures in Augusta County, Virginia. (p. 371).

ORCHARD MITES heavy on apple trees in San Juan County and eggs heavy
on apple and peach trees in Taos County, New Mexico. (p. 371). PEAR
LEAF BLISTER MITE active in Washington and Oregon pears. (p. 372).
Many growers in Weld and Larimer County, Colorado applying insecticides .
for SUGAR BEET ROOT MAGGOT. (p. 378).

STRAWBERRY LEAF ROLLER seriously infesting strawberries in Utah
County, Utah and heavier than usual in Moscow, Idaho vicinity. (p. 375).
Heavy infestations of TOBACCO BUDWORM in Grady and Cook Counties
and moderate to light in several others. (p. 375).

COTTON APHIDS causing heavy damage in Lower Rio Grande Valley of
Texas. (p. 375). BOLL WEEVIL survival in Tennessee heavier than in
195527 (ph 31/6):

Epidemics of SOUTHERN PINE BEETLE in South Carolina. (p. 376).
SOME IMPORTANT FOREST INSECTS, 1955, MICHIGAN. (p. 382).
WEATHER SUMMARY. (p. 381).

LIGHT TRAP COLLECTIONS. (p. 380).

FOR RK RK KEK

Reports in this issue are for the week ending April 27, unless otherwise
designated.

- 365 -

CEREAL AND FORAGE INSECTS

ARMYWORM (Pseudaletia unipuncta)- TEXAS - Heavy local populations
on oats and vetch in Kaufman County. (Hawkins, Randolph). LOUISIANA -

Populations threatening younger small grain and grasses in northeastern

_ area. Infestations in all fields examined in West Carroll, East Carroll,
Madison, Tensas, Richland and Morehouse Parishes. Two fields of rye
grass averaged 4-6 larvae per square foot in East Carroll Parish. Sweep
counts in wheat, barley and oats from 36-107 per 100 sweeps. One in-
festation in Rapides Parish from 1-2 per square foot and an infestation in
Bossier Parish about one per square yard. (Oliver). MISSISSIPPI - Num-
erous in oat fields in Humphreys County and requiring control. (Hunsucker).

Armyworm as Reported Week Ending 4/27 £" 5)

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GREENBUG (Toxoptera graminum) - TEXAS - Medium widespread in-
festations on small grains in Denton County. (Chada). OKLAHOMA -

Heavy populations, 50 to over 200 per linear foot of row, in spring-
planted oats in Wagoner and Tulsa Counties. Damage expected. Wheat
too far advanced for extensive damage. (Coppock). KANSAS - Infesta-
tions in barley and wheat fields in Chautauqua County. (Gates). Popula-
tions continue in barley and wheat in southeastern area. (Matthew).
MISSOURI - Infested area still in counties along Kansas border south from
Bates County. Small grains more uniformly infested but counts less than
a week ago, ranging from 7-225 per linear foot of row of wheat and 11+140
per linear foot ofbarley. Widely scattered fields of orchard grass in Law-
rence, Greene and Dallas Counties heavily infested. (Kyd, Thomas).
ARKANSAS - Activity on decline in northwestern area. (Warren).

CORN LEAF APHID (Rhopalosiphum maidis) - TEXAS - Medium to heavy
local infestations on barley in Rockwall County. (Hawkins). ARIZONA -
Quite high populations on barley and other small grains in Maricopa and
Pinal Counties. Late plantings affected. Some insecticides applied.

(Ariz. Coop. Rept. ).

ENGLISH GRAIN APHID (Macrosiphum granarium) - ARIZONA - Quite high
populations on barley and other small grains throughout Maricopa and

- 366 -

Pinal Counties. Late plantings affected. Some insecticides applied.
(Ariz. Coop. Rept.). MISSOURI - Light populations, 1-7 per linear foot
of wheat generally over southwest area. (Kyd, Thomas).

CUTWORMS - SOUTH DAKOTA - Populations of two larvae per square
foot, predominantly Chorizagrotis auxiliaris in winter wheat in Charles
Mix County. (Hantsbarger). MARYLAND - Light populations in pasture
and hay fields in Montgomery, Howard and Queen Annes Counties. (U.
Md., Ent. Dept. )

PALE WESTERN CUTWORM (Agrotis orthogonia) - NEBRASKA - Causing
extensive damage to winter wheat in northeast Cheyenne County, moderate
in remainder of the county and northern Kimball, southern Banner and Mor-
rill Counties. Counts 1-14 per linear foot of drill row. Small numbers in
Deuel, southern Keith, Perkins, Chase and Dundy Counties. Eighty thous-
and acres have been sprayed. (Roselle, Andersen). KANSAS - Moderate
to severe populations continue to damage drought-injured wheat in many
fields in counties along Colorado border. Damage in Sherman, Wallace,
Greeley, Hamilton, Grant and Stevens Counties. (Matthew).

VARIEGATED CUTWORM (Peridroma margaritosa) - TEXAS - Heavy local
populations on oats and vetch in Kaufman County. (Hawkins, Randolph).
MISSISSIPPI - Very heavy infestations in a large field of vetch in Humphreys
County. (Hunsucker).

EUROPEAN CORN BORER (Pyrausta nubilalis) - NORTH DAKOTA - Winter
survival in southeastern area now 18 percent. (Goodfellow). DELAWARE -
Pupations 40 percent east of Bridgeville, April 23. (Milliron).

GRASSHOPPERS - UTAH - Hatching in warmer areas of Washington, Iron,
Cache, Juab, Tooele, Salt Lake, Utah and Box Elder Counties. A few

third instar nymphs. (Knowlton). KANSAS - Second and third instar

nymphs in nearly all alfalfa fields in Sedgwick, Sumner and Crowley Coun-
ties. Counts in many fields average six per square yard. Hatching in
Wabaunsee County. (Matthew). MISSOURI - Hatch ot Melanoplus mexicanus
and M. bivittatus continues slowly in southern half of State with counts 1-2
nymphs per square yard. (Kyd, Thomas).

SIX-SPOTTED LEAFHOPPER (Macrosteles fascifrons) - MISSOURI - Heavy
numbers continue generally in barley, oats and pastures over southwest
and west central areas. Counts 5-60 per sweep. (Kyd, Thomas).

A LEAFHOPPER (Dikraneura carneola) - UTAH - Common but rarely
abundant in wheat and barley throughout State. (Knowlton).

MEADOW SPITTLEBUG (Philaenus leucophthalmus) - OHIO - First hatch-
ing in Columbus, April 9 and at Wooster, April 14. (Parks, Weaver).
ILLINOIS - Nymphs in eastern area, 15 per 100 stems; in northeast, one
per 100 stems; and central, three per 100 stems. (Il. Ins. Rept. ).

CHINCH BUG (Blissus leucopterus) - TEXAS - Heavy local populations on
corn and milo in Lee County. (Spivey).

- 367 -

FALSE WIREWORMS (Eleodes sp. ) - SOUTH DAKOTA - Counts averaged
three larvae per square foot in a winter wheat field in Buffalo County.
Some injury. (Hantsbarger).

WIRE WORMS - SOUTH DAKOTA - Light infestations of a wireworm,
Melanotus sp. in oats in Union County with one larva per square foot.
(Hantsbarger). WASHINGTON - Causing considerable damage

to barley and winter wheat with 1-2 larvae per linear foot near Asotin,
Asotin County. (Kamal).

GREAT BASIN WIREWORM (Ctenicera_ pruinina noxia) - WASHINGTON -
Larvae causing considerable damage to winter wheat near Ritsville and
Lind, with 304 larvae per linear foot. (Telford, Kamal, April 23).

WHITE GRUBS - UTAH - Damaging lawns at Murray and elsewhere in Salt
Lake County. (Knowlton).

BROWN WHEAT MITE (Petrobia latens) - UTAH - Appearing in a number
of counties with greatest damage in some Washington and Sanpete County
areas. (Knowlton). NEBRASKA - Light infestations in southern Keith,
Ferkins and Chase Counties. Some leaf injury in fields. Counts averaged
five per leaf blade. (Andersen). TEXAS - Medium to heavy widespread
infestations on wheat and other small grain in Denton County. (Chada).
OKLAHOMA - Abundant in most wheat fields in central and northern areas.
No damage due to advanced stage of wheat. (Coppock). Large numbers of
diapause eggs present in most areas. (Henderson). MISSOURI - A mite
tentatively identified as this species occurring in marginal infestations in
two small fields of barley in Chariton County. Counts 9-30 per linear foot
of row. (Kyd, Thomas).

DATE MITE (Oligonychus pratensis) - WASHINGTON - Adults causing
medium to severe damage to Merion bluegrass near Prosser. (Telford,
Kamal, April 28).

SOD WEBWORMS (Crambus spp. ) - WASHINGTON - Larvae active in
Spokane Valley on fescue grass, Merion bluegrass and other grasses grown
for seed, with 8-5 per linear foot. (Kamal, Telford, April 23).

SUGARCANE BORER (Diatraea saccharalis) - LOUISIANA - Increased ac-
tivity in cane belt. First generation appearing in southern area. (Oliver).

SPOTTED ALFALFA APHID - UTAH - Destroyed some unsprayed alfalfa
fields in Hurricane area, Washington County. Infestations on untreated
alfalfa moderate to high in Washington and Kane Counties. Appearing in
Millard County alfalfa and causing damage to some alfalfa fields in Indian
Creek area of San Juan County. (Knowlton). ARIZONA - Continues as
problem on alfalfa in southern area. (Ariz. Coop. Rept.). TEXAS - Heavy
widespread populations on alfalfa in Denton County. (Chada). Heavy popu-
lations on alfalfa in Kaufman and Rockwall Counties. (Hawkins). Heavy

- 368 -

infestations on alfalfa and burclover in Brazos County. (Randolph). OKLA-
HOMA - Continues heavy to severe damage in Logan and Lincoln Counties.
Populations greatly reduced in many fields due to predators and lack of

food. Over 100 lady beetles per square foot common in one heavily-dam-
aged field in Lincoln County. Scattered fields showing light to heavy dam-
age in Pottawatomie and Okmulgee Counties. (Coppock). KANSAS - Heavy
to severe infestations continue in southeastern area with critical area ex-
tending as far west as Harper County. Heaviest populations with some
counts 2000-4000 per sweep in these counties: Cherokee, Labette, Mont-
gomery, Chautauqua, Cowley, Sumner, Harper, Sedgwick, Butler, Elk,,
Wilson, Neosho, Crawford, Bourbon, Allen and Woodson. From 10-60
aphids per 25 sweeps in northern Butler and Sedgwick Counties, Chase,
Marion, Dickinson, Morris, Geary, Riley, Wabaunsee and Pottawatémie
Counties. Heavy infestations plus dry weather caused serious damage to
plants in many fields in southern counties. Numerous lady beetles and lar-
vae in many fields in extreme Southern counties. (Matthew, Gates, Burk-
hardt). ARKANSAS - Infestations declining. (Warren). MISSOURI - In-
festations building up in fields not destroyed by pea aphid in 13 southwestern
counties. Populations 83-1000 per sweep with heaviest numbers in extreme

southwest area. (Kyd, Thomas).

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LYGUS BUGS - IDAHO - Lygus spp. infesting rape fields near Lewiston at
three per sweep and volunteer alfalfa fields at two per sweep. (Gittins,
Barr, April 20). OREGON - Active in clover in Jefferson, Deschutes and .
Klamath Counties and in clover and alfalfa in Umatilla County. (Every).
UTAH - Lygus bugs, about 70 percent Lygus elisus and 10 percent L. hes-
perus in alfalfa fields and in cover in apple and peach orchards. (Knowlton).
LOUISIANA - Populations of L. lineolaris continue to build up in alfalfa and
vetch over the State. (Oliver). MISSOURI - Nymphs and adults of L. line-
olaris becoming common, 2-12 per sweep in aphid-damaged alfalfa fields in
extreme southwestern area. (Kyd, Thomas).

- 369 -

THREE-CORNERED ALFALFA HOPPER (Spissistilus festinus) - LOUISI-
ANA - Very light infestations in alfalfa in northern area. (Oliver).

THRIPS - UTAH - Abundant in alfalfa in many areas. (Knowlton).

ARMY CUTWORM (Chorizagrotis auxiliaris) - UTAH - Causing extensive
damage, particularly to alfalfa over most of Beaver and Iron Counties and
in many areas, Salt Lake County. (Knowlton, April 21). Continues serious
over several thousand acres of alfalfa in Millard, Beaver and Iron Coun-
ties. Spotted infestations serious in untreated fields scattered throughout
Salt Lake, Sanpete and other counties. Many larvae approaching maturity.
(Knowlton). NEBRASKA - Very prevalent throughout Platte and Republican
Valleys from 4-8 per square foot in alfalfa. Causing extensive damage to
winter wheat in southern Keith, Perkins and Chase Counties with 5-10 per
linear foot of row. So far, 1000 acres have been treated. (Andersen).
COLORADO - Causing serious damage in Yuma, Logan and Sedgwick Coun-
Hes: /wbreatment under way.) (Ext. Serv.) Exp. (Stas ):

ALFALFA CATERPILLAR (Colias philodice eurytheme) - NEVADA - First
appearance of adult Lyon County, April 18. (Gallaway).

GREEN CLOVERWORM (Plathypena scabra) - NORTH CAROLINA - Aver-
aged 11 per 100 sweeps in Wake and Franklin Counties. First record of
season. (Dogger). GEORGIA - Larvae 10 per 100 sweeps in crimson
clover in Houston County. (Johnson).

CORN EARWORM (Heliothis zea) - LOUISIANA - Infesting burclover at 15
per 100 sweeps in Iberville Parish and crimson clover at 40 per 100 sweeps
in Claiborne Parish. (Oliver).

SALT-MARSH CATERPILLAR (Estigmene acrea) - TEXAS - Light local
populations on clover and heavy populations on hubam clover in Victoria
County. (McCombs).

PEA APHID (Macrosiphum pisi) - OREGON - Common in clover in Jeffer-
son, Deschutes and Klamath Counties and moderately abundant in Hermis-
ton area, Umatilla County. (Every). UTAH - Moderate populations on
alfalfa and sweetclover throughout State. (Knowlton). NEVADA - Economic
populations continue on alfalfa in local fields in Lyon and Churchill Coun-
ties. (Gallaway, April 21). COLORADO - Damaging populations building
up on alfalfa in Delta and Mesa Counties. (Exp. Sta.). KANSAS - Moder-
ate to heavy populations in alfalfa fields of Bourbon, Linn, Miami, Frank-
lin and Anderson Counties. (Gates). TEXAS - Light to medium populations
on vetch in Kaufman County. (Randolph). LOUISIANA - Populations remain
heavy in legumes over State. (Oliver). ARKANSAS - Infestations declining.
(Warren). MISSOURI - Heavy populations and damage continue over south-
ern and east central areas. Counts 15 to over 3500 per sweep in alfalfa.
Considerable acreage killed back to crown in southwest and west central
areas. (Kyd, Thomas). NORTH CAROLINA - Damaging numbers in Wake
and Franklin Counties. Lady beetles and syrphid larvae present. (Dogger,
Farrier). MARYLAND - Average of 29 per sweep in Wicomico County.

Light populations in central area. (U. Md., Ent. Dept.). DELAWARE -

= S70) =

Increasing on alfalfa and red clover, particularly near Middletown, Smyrna
and Bridgeville. (Milliron).

LESSER CLOVER LEAF WEEVIL (Hypera nigrirostris) - GEORGIA - In-
festing crimson clover at 70 adults and 65 larvae per 100 sweeps in Hous-
ton County, April 24. (Johnson).

ALFALFA WEEVIL (Hypera postica) - IDAHO - Third instar larvae active
on alfalfa at Lewiston. (Gittins, Barr, April 20). COLORADO - First
larvae taken week of April 8, Delta County. (Exp. Sta.). VIRGINIA - All
alfalfa fields examined in Orange County were infested. Many fields being
treated for control. Some fields with one-third of plants showing injury.
(Estes). NORTH CAROLINA - Average 615 larvae per 100 sweeps in
Franklin and 365 per 100 sweeps in Wake County. About 10 percent foliage
destroyed in one location, Franklin County. These two counties additions
to known infestations. (Farrier, Dogger). MARYLAND - Eggs in stems
and small larvae in tops of plants increasing in central area and Eastern
Shore. Larvae 2.5 per 10 sweeps on alfalfa in Wicomico County. (U. Md.,
Ent. Dept.). NEW JERSEY - Considerable activity in upper Cape May
County. (Merrill) DELAWARE - Conspicuous damage to alfalfa from
Middletown to Bridgeville. (Milliron).

SWEETCLOVER WEEVIL (Sitona cylindricollis) - SOUTH DAKOTA - In-
creasing in sweetclover in southeastern counties with some fields averaging
2-3 adults per crown and feeding damage prevalent. (Hantsbarger). UTAH-
Moderately abundant with light damage in alfalfa in several counties.

(Knowlton).

PEA LEAF WEEVIL (Sitona lineata) - OREGON - Adults damaging hairy
vetch near Salem, April 26. (Capizzi).

CLOVER ROOT CURCULIO (Sitona hispidula) - WASHINGTON - Averaged
two adults per sweep on alfalfa at Wawawai. (Johansen, April 23). Adults
2-3 per 20 sweeps in Alfalfa in Asotin County. (Kamal). IDAHO - Active

in alfalfa in Moscow area. (Hallett, April 20). OREGON - Average less
than one adult per square foot in clover in Jefferson, Deschutes and Klamath
Counties. (Every). Adults causing severe local damage to-seedling alfalfa
in Milton-Freewater area, Umatilla County, April 23. (Brown). UTAH -
Moderately abundant with light damage in alfalfa in several counties.
(Knowlton). DELAWARE - Adults continue numerous in alfalfa and clover
generally. (Milliron).

CLOVER LEAF WEEVIL (Hypera punctata) - OREGON - Damaging ladino
clover in Jefferson County, but damage not economic. Moderate numbers

in clover and alfalfa in Umatilla County with some adults. (Every). UTAH -
Moderately abundant in alfalfa with light damage in several counties.
(Knowlton). TENNESSEE - Heavy infestations, 15 larvae per square foot,
causing moderate damage to alfalfa in Montgomery County. (Scott, April
23). ILLINOIS - Populations averaged 4-5 per square foot in west south-
west and southwest areas. Populations in eastern and central areas, 1.2-

1.3 per square foot and in northern area, O. 3-1.0 per square foot. (Ill.

- 371 -

Ins. Rept. ). DELAWARE - Moderately heavy injury on red clover several
areas and destructive to alfalfa some places in New Castle County. (Mill-
iron). VIRGINIA - Populations in Augusta County sufficient to cause con-
siderable damage in some fields and control measures required. (Wood-
side).

CLOVER ROOT BORER (Hylastinus obscurus) - OREGON - Adults emerg-
ing and flights observed April 24 in central Willamette Valley. (Crowell).

A CLOVER WEEVIL (Hypera meles) - GEORGIA - Infesting crimson clo-
ver at 20 adults and 240 larvae per 100 sweeps in Houston County. (John-
son). .

CLOVER MITE (Bryobia praetiosa) - NEVADA - Light infestations on
alfalfa, Fernley district, Lyon County and migrating into homes in Reno
area. (Gallaway, April 21). SOUTH DAKOTA - Heavy populations, aver-
aging 10 mites per blade of native grass in hay land of Jerauld County.
(Hantsbarger). MISSOURI - Large numbers infesting clovers and alfalfa
in scattered areas over State. Injury light but counts 60 to over 800 per
crown of alfalfa. (Kyd, Thomas).

ANTS (Formica sp.) - IDAHO - Spotted infestations causing minor damage
to alfalfa in sandy areas of Franklin County. (Roberts).

FRUIT INSECTS

APPLE APHID (Aphis pomi) - WASHINGTON - Eggs hatching on apple at
Pullman, April 17. Mature stem mothers and young nymphs present on
apple in very small numbers at Wawawai. (Johansen). GEORGIA - Heavy
infestation in home orchard in Colquitt County. (Johnson).

CLOVER MITE (Bryobia praetiosa) - WASHINGTON - Eggs started hatch-
ing on apple at Pullman, Aprill6. Larvae, nymphs and adults active on
pear, apple, peach and prune at Wawawai. (Johansen). Nymphs and
adults causing severe damage to peach and cherry trees in Yakima Valley.
(Telford, Kamal). UTAH - Thirty to ninety percent hatched from over-
wintered eggs in northern and central Utah orchards. Fifty percent
hatched at Roy and only slightly less in some Cache County orchards.
(Knowlton, Davis).

EUROPEAN RED MITE (Metatetranychus ulmi) - INDIANA - About 75 per-
- cent of overwintering eggs in apple orchards hatched in Vincennes area by
April 23. (Hamilton). VIRGINIA - Infesting apples and peaches in central
area. (Bobb).

ORCHARD MITES - NEW JERSEY - Few mites hatching on apples at Cape
May. (Merrill). OREGON - A mite, probably Tetranychus mcdanieli, is
present in large numbers on cherry trees throughout the Dalles area. Over-
wintering females first noticed on April 2. Depositing of eggs very rapid
due to unseasonally warm weather. (Burts). NEW MEXICO - Eggs heavy
on apple and peach trees in Taos County. (Durkin). Tetranychus telarius

= 372°-

infestations very heavy on apple trees in San Juan County and growers re-
porting severe damage to buds in infested orchards. (Durkin).

RED-BANDED LEAF ROLLER (Argyrotaenia velutinana) - INDIANA - Eggs
laid prior to March 28 hatching on April 20 in Vincennes area. (Hamilton).
OHIO - Oviposition at Wooster on April 27. (Cutright). NORTH CAROLINA -
First adults of season taken in bait pail April 26 at Brushy Mountain Apple
Station. (Turnipseed).

SAN JOSE SCALE (Aspidiotus perniciosus) - MASSACHUSETTS - Several
serious infestations on apples. (Crop Pest Cont. Mess. )

SCURFY SCALE (Chionaspis furfura) - NORTH DAKOTA - Infesting apple
trees at one location in Mountrail County. (Goodfellow).

UNSPOTTED TENTIFORM LEAF MINER (Callisto geminatella) - MARY-
LAND - Eggs noted on apple at Indian Springs, Md. April 23. (U. Md.,
Ent. Dept: )).

GREEN PEACH APHID (Myzus persicae) - NEW MEXICO - Infestations on
peach trees light to medium and spotty in Carlsbad. (Durkin).

TENT CATERPILLARS - OREGON - Malacosoma disstria and _M. pluviale

began emerging in the Willamette Valley, week of April 22. (Capizzi).

NEW JERSEY - Caterpillars are active. (Merrill). VIRGINIA - Eggs be-
an hatching April 16 and larvae feeding on apple foliage in central area.
Bobb).

PEAR PSYLLA (Psylla pyricola) - WASHINGTON - Up to 10-20 eggs per
leaf at Wawawai, April 17; partially hatched by April 21. (Johansen).

PEAR LEAF BLISTER MITE (Eriophyes pyri) - WASHINGTON - Newly-
formed blisters abundant on pear foliage at Wawawai. (Johansen, April
23). Active on medium to mature trees of pear and apple in Yakima Val-
ley. (Lanchester, April 23). OREGON - Prevalent on old and young
plantings of pears in the Hood River Valley. (Ellertson).

PLUM CURCULIO (Conotrachelus nenuphar) - INDIANA - Adult jarred from
tree in abandoned orchard in Vincennes area on April 28. First record of
season. (Hamilton).

CATFACING INSECTS - INDIANA - Stink bug and tarnished plant bug ac-
tivity very light in Vincennes area. (Hamilton).

SIX-SPOTTED MITE (Eotetranychus sexmaculatus) - FLORIDA - Expected
to increase until middle of May but general level is low. (Pratt, Thomp-
son, Johnson).

CITRUS RUST MITE (Phyllocoptruta oleivora) - FLORIDA - Activity in-
creased but little change expected. (Pratt, Thompson, Johnson).

- 373 =

TRUCK CROP INSECTS

BEET LEAFHOPPER (Circulifer tenellus) - COLORADO - Light move-
ment began in March from southern Utah and Nevada. Movement to west-
ern area expected to be very light and to start by late April and early May.
Little damage to sugar beets, tomatoes, beans or cantaloups is expected
in western area. (ARS, Utah Exp. Sta. )

SUGAR BEET ROOT MAGGOT (Tetanops myopaeformis) - COLORADO -
ae beet eee applying insecticides in Weld and Larimer Counties.
lpjoh Sais ))E

CABBAGE APHID (Brevicoryne brassicae) - VIRGINIA - Generally infest-
ing cole crops in Norfolk area. (Brubaker, Greenwood, Hofmaster).
UTAH - Extremely abundant on mustard in Washington County. (Knowlton).

IMPORTED CABBAGEWORM (Pieris rapae) - MARYLAND - Eggs noted on
newly transplanted broccoli plants in Montgomery County. (U. Md. Ent.
Dept. ).

DIAMONDBACK MOTH (Plutella eaevant aera) - LOUISIANA - Severely
damaging broccoli in St. John the Baptist Parish. (Oliver).

HARLEQUIN BUG (Murgantia histrionica) - NORTH CAROLINA - First
adults of season seen at Faison on cole crops. (Farrier).

GARDEN SPRINGTAIL (Bourletiella hortensis) - VIRGINIA - Large num-
bers re young turnips in Norfolk area. (Brubaker, Greenwood, Hof-
master).

CABBAGE SEEDPOD WEEVIL (Ceutorhynchus assimilis) - IDAHO - Over -
wintered adults migrating into rape fields near Lewiston. Counts of 3 per
sweep common. (Gittins, Portman).

COLORADO POTATO BEETLE (Leptinotarsa decemlineata) - GEORGIA -
Moderate infestations on tomatoes in Mitchell, Thomas, and Irwin Count-
ies. Light infestation in Tift County. (Johnson). LOUISIANA - Continues
(e ey infest potatoes in East Baton Rouge and Tangipahoa Parishes.
Oliver

POTATO STALK BORER (Trichobaris trinotata) - ARIZONA - Adults found
in low numbers in potato fields at Queen Creek, Maricopa County, April 19.
(Ariz. Coop. Rept. ):

POTATO APHID (Macrosiphum solanifolii) - MAINE - Stem mother hatched
on swamp rose April 18, in Aroostook County. First record of season.
(Maine Ext. Ser. )

SAY STINK BUG voit ayi) - ARIZONA - Light to medium popula-
tion on 150 acres of potatoes at Queen-Creek, Maricopa County, April 19.
Causing light damage. (Ariz. Coop. Rept. ).

See =

MELON APHID (Aphis gossypii) - ARIZONA - Building up rapidly in most
honeydew melon fields at Litchfield, Maricopa County, April 19. (Ariz.
Coop. Rept. ).

A STRIPED CUCUMBER BEETLE (Acalymma sp.) - ARIZONA - Light to
moderate on 100 acres of honeydew melons at Litchfield, Maricopa County,
April 19, causing moderate damage. (Ariz. Coop. Rept. ).

TUBER FLEA BEETLE (Epitrix tuberis) - WASHINGTON - Adults started
Caer” April 25 at Yakima, approximately 10 days earlier than usual.
Landis).

ASPARAGUS BEETLES - VIRGINIA - Present in Norfolk for several weeks
ec eggs on unharvested spears. (Brubaker, Greenwood, Hofmas-
tera).

CUTWORMS - UTAH - Several species caused damage in vegetable gardens
in several counties. (Knowlton). WASHINGTON - Causing considerable
damage to red beets and spinach in gardens at Yakima. (Landis).

VEGETABLE WEEVIL (Listroderes costirostris obliquus) - GEORGIA -
Severe local infestations on potatoes, tomatoes and pepper in Upson Coun-
ty. (Snodgrass). Heavy emergence of adults from old turnip field in Jas-
per County. (Beckham).

A WIREWORM (Conoderus falli) - NORTH CAROLINA - Attacking onion
sets locally in Onslow County. (Scott).

SEED-CORN MAGGOT (Hylemya cilicrura) - NORTH CAROLINA - Attack-
ing onion sets locally in Onslow County. (Scott), COLORADO - Adults one
per square yard in sugar beet fields in Weld County. (Exp. Sta. ).
OKLAHOMA - Washing and screening of 280 soil samples, each containing
2 sweet corn seedlings, from the Bixby Vegetable Research Station showed
an average of 0.92 seed-corn maggot of which 14 percent were larvae, 07
percent pupae, and 29 percent pupal skins. (Arbuthnot, Walton).

GREEN PEACH APHID (Myzus persicae) - OKLAHOMA - Averaging 20 per
plant in 2 turnip fields in Webber Falls area. Winged forms found occas-
ionally on spinach. (Coppock). Light infestations on spinach at Bixby Vege-
table Research Station. (Walton). LOUISIANA - Infesting peppers and
potatoes at 5 to 6 per plant, in Tangipahoa Parish. (Oliver).

STRAWBERRY WEEVIL (Anthonomus signatus) - DELAWARE - Adults ac-
tive in crowns and feeding on floral parts of early strawberries in Bridge-
ville-Georgetown area. (Milliron). MARYLAND - Light damage to straw-
berry buds noted in Wicomico County. (U. Md., Ent. Dept. ).

VIRGINIA - Light infestation in Accomac County. (Rogers). ARKANSAS -
Damage is lighter than usual, averaging 3 to 4 percent buds cut. (Warren).

A NITIDULID (Lobiopa insularis) - LOUISIANA - Populations continue to

- 375 -

build up in strawberries where cultural control is poor in Tangipahoa Par-
ish. (Oliver).

SPITTLEBUGS - NEW JERSEY - Some have hatched on dandelion, yarrow
and wild carrot through the State but not numerous enough to require con-
trol on strawberries. (Merrill).

STRAWBERRY LEAF ROLLERS - UTAH - Seriously infesting some Utah
County strawberry patches. About 20 percent of adults have emerged in
some fields near Provo and Orem. (Knowlton). IDAHO - Adult populations
of Ancylis comptana fragariae heavier than normal in Moscow area. (Port-
man). ARKANSAS - Infestations of A. comptana light in strawberry beds

of northwest area. (Warren).

TOBACCO INSECTS

TOBACCO FLEA BEETLE (Epitrix hirtipennis) - GEORGIA - Heavy infes-
tations in Grady and Colquitt Counties. Moderate infestations in Tift and
ae eae Light infestations in Mitchell, Lowndes and Cook Counties.
Johnson).

GREEN PEACH APHID (Myzus persicae) - GEORGIA - Moderate infesta-
tion on tobacco in Lowndes County. Light infestations in Cook and Tift
Counties. (Johnson).

TOBACCO BUDWORM (Heliothis virescens) - GEORGIA - Heavy infesta-
tions on tobacco in Grady and Cook Counties. Moderate infestations in
Tift and Thomas Counties. Light infestations in Colquitt, Irwin, Ben Hill
and Mitchell Counties. (Johnson).

COTTON INSECTS

THRIPS - TEXAS - Light to medium populations in Zapata, Webb and Mav-
erick Counties. Light populations in Zavala County. (Massey). Light pop-
ulations in San Patricio County. (Kelly). Light populations in Nueces
County. (Dugger). Medium, widespread populations in Jim Wells County.
(Brandes). Medium populations in Brazoria County. (Cook). Heavy pop-
ulations in Wharton County. (Burleson).

APHIDS - TEXAS - Medium populations in Brazoria County. (Cook).
Medium widespread populations in Jim Wells County. (Brandes). Present
in high percentage of fields in Rio Grande Valley. Causing heavy damage
eastward through Willacy County. (Deer).

COTTON FLEAHOPPER(Psallus seriatus) - TEXAS - Medium widespread
populations in Jim Wells County. (Brandes). Light populations in Nueces

County. (Dugger). Increasing north and west of Edinburg. (Deer).

- 376 -

CUTWORMS - TEXAS - Some activity in Zavala and Maverick Counties.
(Massey). Scattered damage along river near Weslaco, north and west of
Edinburg and the Raymondville area. (Deer).

BOLLWORMS - TEXAS - Causing scattered damage in may fields along
the river, near Weslaco, north and west of Edinburg and the Raymondville
area. (Deer). Squares heavily infested in Cameron County. (BHithel).

LYGUS BUGS - TEXAS - Increased in the Mission, Edinburg, Raymond—
ville and Weslaco areas. (Deer).

BOLL WEEVIL (Anthonomus grandis) - TENNESSEE - Spring survival
counts indicate an average of 218 weevils per acre, or 24 percent, in 1956
as compared with 62 weevils per acre in 1955. These counts are from
McNairy County. (Locke). TEXAS - Increased greatly in the Brownsville
area. Numerous small fields lost all squares. (Deer).

SEED-CORN MAGGOT (Hylemya cilicrura) - SOUTH CAROLINA - Caus-
ing serious injury to cotton in one field, Florence, April 17. (Nettles).
ARIZONA - Found in cotton seedlings in damp spots of 100 acre field at
Tucson April 24. Associated with high content of trash in these areas.
(Ariz. Coop. Rept. ).

FOREST, ORNAMENTAL AND SHADE TREE INSECTS

A PINE SAWFLY (Neodiprion taedae linearis) - ARKANSAS - Additional
infestations reported from Ashley, Hampton, Bradley and Dallas Counties.
(Warren). LOUISIANA - An infestation found in LaSalle Parish with se-
vere defoliation in one area. (Oliver).

SOUTHERN PINE BEETLE (Dendroctonus frontalis) - SOUTH CAROLINA -
Epidemic populations in General Pickens District, Sumter National Forest;
and scattered infestations throughout northwest area. (Southeastern For-
est Insect & Disease Newsletter, April).

EASTERN TENT CATERPILLAR (Malacosoma americanum) - DELAWARE-
Present on wild cherry throughout the State. Unusually common in the
western half of Sussex County. Ornamental crabapple trees infested near
Farmington. (Milliron). MARYLAND - Heavy on wild cherry in most sec-
tions. Noted on apple in Somerset County. (U. Md., Ent. Dept. ).

TWO-SPOTTED SPIDER MITE (Tetranychus telarius) - NEW MEXICO -
Infestations heavy on cypress and arborvitae in ornamental plantings in
Carlsbad and Las Cruces. (Durkin).

AN OAK SCALE (Lecanium quercifex) - NORTH CAROLINA - Heavily in-
festing willow oak in Cleveland County. (Jones). MISSISSIPPI - Preva-
lent on oaks in Humphreys County. (Hunsucker).

- 377 -

PUTNAM SCALE (Aspidiotus ancylus) - NORTH CAROLINA - Killing some
dogwood twigs locally in Randolph County. (Scott).

BOXWOOD LEAF MINER (Monarthropalpus buxi) - MARYLAND - Larvae
heavy in leaves of American boxwood in Somerset County. (U. Md., Ent.
Dept. ).

APHIDS - NEW MEXICO - Infestations heavy on roses, photinia, chrysan-
themums, arborvitae and mint in Carlsbad and Las Cruces. (Durkin).
ARKANSAS -Bark aphids causing concern in southwestern Ashley County.
Natural control sufficient to hold infestations. (Warren).

EASTERN LUBBER GRASSHOPPER (Romalea microptera) - FLORIDA -
Nymphs averaging 1-2 per leaf on viburnum, natalplum, and hibiscus at
Dania, Broward County. (Holder, Soowal, April 17).

A TEA SCALE (Fiorinia theae) - FLORIDA - Adults averaging 50 per cam-
ellia leaf at Merritt Island, Brevard County. (Coston, April 11).

CLOVER MITE (Bryobia praetiosa) - IDAHO - eoueing severe damage to
daffodils at Moscow. (Kohl, Walz, Portman, April 20).

INSECTS AFFECTING MAN AND ANIMALS

BLOW FLIES - UTAH - Sometimes abundant in northern and central areas.
(Knowlton).

HOUSE FLIES - ARIZONA - Flies, mainly Musca domestica, population
indices of two small towns in southeast Maricopa and northwest Pinal
Counties. Average of five highest grill counts in nine blocks for April 15-
a1; 49.8: (Ariz. Coop. Rept. ’. UTAH - Unusually abundant around Salt
Lake and Utah County farms. (Knowlton).

HORN FLY(Siphona irritans) - SOUTH CAROLINA - First record of season
noted April 19 in Anderson County. (Nettles). IDAHO - Becoming active
in southern Idaho. (Walz, April 20).

COMMON CATTLE GRUB (Hypoderma lineatum) - IDAHO - Adults appear-
ing in small numbers in dairy cattle areas of Franklin County. (Roberts).

BENEFICIAL INSECTS

PREDATORS - UTAH - Nabids, lady beetles and lacewings are becoming
fairly common in alfalfa fields. (Knowlton).

LADY BEETLES - OREGON - More abundant in the Willamette Valley than
for same period in 1955. (Capizzi).

- 378 -

STORED PRODUCTS INSECTS

INDIAN-MEAL MOTH (Plodia interpunctella) - NORTH CAROLINA - Noted
in considerable numbers in Wake County home. (Wray).

FLAT GRAIN BEETLE (Laemophloeus pusillus) - NORTH DAKOTA - An
infestation in out-of-condition wheat in Renville County. (Goodfellow).

MISCELLANEOUS INSECTS

CLOVER MITE (Bryobia praetiosa) - IDAHO - Heavy populations in homes
and schools at Moscow. (Roberts, Manis). Found on shade trees and in
homes throughout Caldwell and numerous in homes at Idaho Falls. (Kohl,
Walz, Portman, April 20). WISCONSIN - Prompting inquiries at Madison.
(Wis. Coop. Ins. Sur.). UTAH - Many complaints received from Salt Lake
Utah, Weber and Cache Counties of mites entering homes. (Knowlton).

BLACK WIDOW SPIDER (Latrodectus mactans) - IDAHO - Requiring con-
trol in some basements in Parma. (Walz, April 20).

EUROPEAN EARWIG (Forficula auricularia) - IDAHO - Active around
homes and gardens at Moscow. (Gittins).

CARPENTER ANTS (Camponotus sp.) - IDAHO - Large flight occurred in
Moscow area resulting in many complaints from householders. (Barr,
April 20).

BOXELDER BUG (Leptocoris trivittatus) - IDAHO - Heavy populations of
overwintering adults annoying in Preston area. Roberts)..

BLACK CARPET BEETLE (Attagenus piceus) - IDAHO - Light larval in-
festation in federal housing project at Moscow. (Smith).

VINEGAR FLIES (Drosophila spp.) - IDAHO - Abundant in southwestern
Idaho. Populations higher than normal. (Walz, April 20).

GROUND BEETLES - NORTH DAKOTA - Infestation in many homes over
a wide area. (Goodfellow).

ADDITIONAL NOTES

NEW MEXICO - SPOTTED ALFALFA APHID infestations medium to heavy
in Rio Grande Valley from Las Cruces to Albuquerque and in.the Pecos
River Valley from Carlsbad to Pecos. Heavy infestation in Lea County
apparently reduced by weather but build up expected. Growers treating in
most infested areas. Present on burclover in Las Cruces area, PEA
APHID infestations on alfalfa light to medium in most alfalfa-growing
areas where crop not treated for ‘spotted alfalfa aphid. TWO-SPOTTED
SPIDER MITE present on clover in one heavy infestation in San Juan

=13701"

County. CLOVER MITE populations light to medium in spotty infestations
in Eddy, Valencia, Bernalillo and Dona Ana Counties. COWPEA APHID
numerous on burclover in Las Cruces area and expected to move into
cotton soon after germination starts. (Durkin). MASSACHUSETTS -
Heavy egg laying by TWO-SPOTTED SPIDER MITE on strawberry plants
in Plymouth County. AMERICAN DOG TICK active in southeastern area.
(Crop Pest Cont. Mess. ). MAINE - Adults of PEAR PSYLLA found at
Monmouth, April 25. (Boulanger). KENTUCKY - Second instar PLANT
BUGS abundant in bluegrass fields in central area, attacking develop-

ing seed heads. ee dolabratus averages 2-4 per sweep and Am-
blytylus nasutus at per sweep. (Thurston). Larvae of CLOVER LEAF
WEEVIL unusually abundant in red clover and alfalfa in southern area. In
some fields counts averaged about 25 larvae per square foot. Little fun-
gus disease present. (Starks, Thurston). MINNESOTA - EUROPEAN
CORN BORER mortality running slightly higher than last year in south-
west, west central, central and southeast districts. (Flaskerd). CALI-
FORNIA -In Imperial County during the middle of April BEET LEAF-
HOPPERS found in field in such numbers that it was difficult to walk
through without breathing them. A single sweep on sugar beets averaged
about 50 per sweep. Over 100 per sweep on Chenopodium in the field.
(Cal. Coop. Rept.). NEW YORK - APPLE APHID and APPLE GRAIN
APHID readily found in orchards in Columbia County. EUROPEAN RED
MITE eggs more abundant than usual in Wayne County. ONION MAGGOT
adults in large numbers in Orange County, April 27. EASTERN TENT
CATERPILLARS hatched April 20-21 and tents still small by April 25,
SPITTLEBUGS numerous in Warwick area of Orange County by April 25.
TARNISHED PLANT BUGS numerous in alfalfa fields checked in Orange
County. (Wkly. News Lett. ).

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- 381 -

WEATHER BUREAU'S 30-DAY OUTLOOK
May 1956

The Weather Bureau's 30-day outlook for May calls for temperatures to
average above seasonal normals in eastern and southern portions of the
country, with warmest weather in the Gulf States. Below normal tempera-
tures are predicted in the northern half of the nation from the Great Lakes
westward to the Pacific, with coldest weather in the Northern Plains. Sub-
normal amounts of rainfall are expected in the Southeast, Pacific North-
west, and far Southwest. In the remainder of the country abundant precipi-
tation, mostly in excess of normal, is indicated. .

This report released by the Weather Bureau on April 30, 1956.

Weather forecast given here is based on the official 30-day "Resume and
Outlook", published twice a month by the Weather Bureau. You can sub-
scribe through Superintendent of Documents, Washington 25, D.C. Price:
$4. 80 a year, $2.40 for six months.

WEATHER FOR THE WEEK ENDING APRIL 30, 1956

Winter returned in nearly full force to north-central areas and precipita-
tion fell over wide areas east of the Rockies during the latter part of the
week as an extensive cold Canadian air mass moved down through the
Great Plains and gradually overspread the entire East. One to three
inches of precipitation in lowa, Missouri, Illinois and southern portion of
Wisconsin and Minnesota ended the drought in these areas, at least tempo-
rarily. Snow fell in nearly all northern areas with as much as six inches
reported in South Dakota, 4 to over 8 inches in Minnesota, and one inch
even as far south as Youngstown, Ohio. Beneficial rains also fell in
southern Texas on the 24th. These rains were topped by a downpour of
over seven inches at Corpus Christi setting a new 24-hour record for
April there. The Florida drought was greatly relieved on the 25th when
rains exceeding an inch fell over most of the Peninsula. Precipitation,
however, missed much of the southern Great Plains drought area: namely,
western Kansas, southeastern Colorado, western Oklahoma, extreme west
Texas and eastern New Mexico. Showers were spotty in the Pacific North-
west, but rather general in California, Nevada, Utah and the northern
Rocky Mountain region. Colorado received only a few showers, and most
of New Mexico and Arizona received none at all. Below-freezing tempera-
tures occurred daily in north-central Border regions with lows of 10~ to

20° at the beginning and again near the end of the week. In the Fast below-
normal temperatures prevailed through Wednesday with a rapid rise there-
after. In central areas freezing extended southward to Kansas both at the
beginning and end of the period. Temperatures for the week averaged above
normal in the South and below normal in the North and extreme West, with
extreme departures ranging from 5° above normal at Abilene, Tex., to 16°

below normal at Glasgow, Mont. (Summary Supplied by U. S. Weather
Bureau. )

- 382 -

SOME IMPORTANT FOREST INSECTS - 1955
MIC HIGAN

Populations of JACK-PINE BUDWORM (Choristoneura pinus) dropped to
moderate level in Lake, Grand Traverse and Luce Counties. Moderate
defoliation was reported in Oscoda, Ogemaw, Crawford, Kalkaska and
Chippewa Counties. RED-HEADED PINE SAWFLY (Neodiprion lecontei)
populations decreased in 1955. Heavy defoliation was reported from Man-
istee, Emmet and Leelanau Counties and moderate defoliation from Alpena
and Crawford Counties. Mortality occurred in Leelanau County. LARCH
SAWFLY (Pristiphora erichsonii) populations were about the same as in
1954. Moderate defoliation occurred throughout most of Iron and Dickinson
Counties. Baraga, Houghton and Gogebic Counties suffered heavy defolia-
tion in many places;75 percent of foliage eaten. Reports indicated a slight
increase in spread of SARATOGA SPITTLEBUG (Aphrophora saratogensis)
but a general decline in populations. Terminal injury by WHITE PINE
WEEVIL (Pissodes strobi) showed an increase over most of the State.
Terminal killing of 40 percent or more of the white and jack pine on obser-
vation areas was reported from Chippewa, Emmet, Presque Isle, Lee-
lanau, Alpena, Crawford, Manistee, Wexford, Midland, Muskegon, Tus-
cola, Gratiot and Allegan Counties. There seems to be a general increase
in weeviling on jack and red pine throughout northern two-thirds of the
Lower Peninsula. A decline occurred in population of A SCARABAEID
(Pachystethus oblivia) in 1955. Only Alcona and Manistee Counties repor-
ported heavy defoliation compared with five counties in 1954. Moderate
defoliation occurred in Cheboygan, Montmorency, Benzie, Iosco and Lake
Counties. LARCH CASEBEARER (Coleophora laricella) declined further
in populations in 1955. Moderate or heavy defoliation occurred locally in
Schoolcraft, Delta, Chippewa, Luce, Kalkaska and Mackinac Counties.
Reports of heavy and moderate damage by EUROPEAN PINE SHOOT
MOTH (Rhyacionia buoliana) came from southern half of Lower Peninsula,
particularly the southeastern part. Populations of PINE SPITTLEBUG
(Aphrophora parallela) were about the same as in 1954. Moderate injury
was reported from Alpena County. A slight increase in EUROPEAN

PINE SAWFLY (Neodiprion sertifer) was reported from southern half of
the Lower Peninsula. Heavy or moderate injury was reported from Kent,
Barry, Kalamazoo, Lapeer, Livingston, Washtenaw, Wayne and Hillsdale
Counties. Defoliation by FOREST TENT CATERPILLAR (Malacosoma
disstria) continued to decline in 1955. A new outbreak developed in west-
ern Gogebic County where 18, 000 acres were defoliated for first time in
recent years. SPRUCE BUDWORM (Choristoneura fumiferana) was add-
ed to the critical list in 1954 following discovery of an outbreak in Keween-
aw County. Except for this county, reports in 1955 indicate an endemic
population occurred in Marquette, Chippewa and Mackinac Counties.
GYPSY MOTH (Porthetria dispar) infestation detected in 1954 at Lansing
was treated in 1954. A total of 12,500 acres was sprayed in a gross area
of 36, 000 acres in 1955. A total of 32 moths were trapped outside of the
area, pointing to a need for spraying again in 1956. A PINE NEEDLE
MINER (prob.. Exoteleia pinifoliella) caused yellowing of jack pine in many
areas, notably in Keweenaw and Cheboygan Counties. Serious build up of

- 383 -

of MITES followed spraying Christmas trees with DDT in Genesee County.
A SHELL MOTH (Acalocalpe undulata) caused a particularly heavy defoli-
ation of wild cherry in Otsego County. A widespread outbreak occurred
over the northwestern part of the Lower Peninsula. Defoliation of 3000
acres of hard maple by the RED-HUMPED CATERPILLAR (Schizura
concinna) was reported on Beaver Island, Charlevoix County. (Excerpts
from Michigan Forest Pest Detection Program Report for 1955).

AGRICULTURAL RESEARCH SERVICE

PLANT PEST CONTROL BRANCH

ECONOMIC INSECT SURVEY SECTION

The Cooperative Economic Insect Report Is
Issued weekly as a service to American Agrl-
culture. Its contentsare compiled from informa-
tion supplied by cooperating State, Federal, and
industrial entomologists and other agricultural
workers. In releasing this material the Branch
serves as a clearing house and does not assume

responsibility for accuracy of the material.

Reports and inquiries pertaining to this release
should be mailed to:

Economic Insect Survey Section
Plant Pest Control Branch
Agricultural Research Service
United States Department of Agriculture
Washington 25, D. C.

Volume 6 May 11, 1956 Number 19
COOPERATIVE ECONOMIC INSECT REPORT

Highlights of Insect Conditions

EUROPEAN CORN BORER winter mortality 23 percent in southern two-
thirds of Minnesota and population sufficient to.cause damaging infesta-
tions in several areas in this State. Mortality in southeastern North
Dakota is 80 percent, however. (p. 387). GRASSHOPPER hatch con-
tinues in Utah and southern Kansas. Also hatching in Lea County, New
Mexico. (pp. 387,406). CORN EARWORM larvae infesting legumes in
Louisiana; moths active over the Cotton Belt. (pp. 387,405). BROWN
WHEAT MITE heavy in small grains in south central Kansas but decreas-
ing in south central Oklahoma. (p. 387), SEED-CORN MAGGOT severe
on corn and beans’ in Virginia and North Carolina areas; adults very num-
erous in some counties of Michigan. (pp. 388, 391). SUGARCANE
BEETLE severe on corn in Alabama. (p. 388).

ARMY WORN larvae numerous in south delta counties of Mississippi,

light in Arkansas and Louisiana and medium in Kaufman County, Texas.
Larvae appearing in southern Illinois. (p. 389). CLOVER LEAF WEEVIL
averaging 10 per square foot in southeastern and central Illinois. Damage
in areas of Delaware and Virginia. (p. 389). LESSER CLOVER LEAF
WEEVIL more numerous than last year in South Carolina; very abundant
in Delaware. (p. 390). SWEETCLOVER WEEVIL damaging sweetclover
in some counties of Washington, Utah, and Idaho; reported from alfalfa in
southeastern Nebraska. (p. 390).

PEA APHID in threatening numbers in Utah; continuing to increase in
Reno, Nevada area and in Delaware; unusually severe on alfalfa in Pinal
County, Arizona. Near destructive proportions in many alfalfa fields in
east central Kansas and responsible for most of the heavier aphid infesta-
tions on alfalfa in Arkansas. Extremely heavy in wide areas of Illinois.
(p. 390). SPOTTED ALFALFA APHID is heaviest in Salt River Valley,
Arizona, southern Kansas, Pauls Valley, Oklahoma and Brazos and
Burleson Counties, Texas. (pp. 391,406).

ALFALFA WEEVIL heavy in Virginia and in southern New Jersey. Dam-
age also reported from Maryland, Delaware, Pennsylvania and West Vir-
ginia. ‘The weevil is common in alfalfa in Utah and adults active in
Pennington County, South Dakota. (p. 392). Unusual report of BEET
LEAFHOPPER-transmitted curly top on flax in California. (p. 392).

MEADOW SPITTLEBUG hatching in northern Illinois and West Virginia;
about three-fourths complete in south central Pennsylvania. Moderate
infestations in legumes in Maryland. (p. 393). SPITTLEBUGS heavy in
eastern third of Tennessee. (p. 393). MITES are very heavy on alfalfa
in south central Kansas. (p. 3983).

Bighty-nine infestations of MEDITERRANEAN FRUIT FLY have been

- 386 -

determined in Dade and Broward Counties, Florida, since discovery of
the pest at Miami, April 18. Infestations extend as far north as Holly-
wood, Broward County. (p.394). PLUM CURCULIO may be very light

at Vincennes, Indiana. Also light in southern Ohio, Montgomery County,
Maryland and Fort Valley, Georgia. (p. 394). CODLING MOTH develop-
ment later than usual in southern Indiana. (p. 394). RED-BANDED LEAF
ROLLER egg masses abundant in south central Pennsylvania, becoming
numerous in some areas of Michigan. (p.394). CATFACING INSECTS
and PEACH TREE BORERS heavier than usual in peach orchards at

Port Valley. (p. 395).

ASPARAGUS BEETLES active in several Middle Atlantic States and in
Utah. (p. 396). COLORADO POTATO BEETLE larvae light in potatoes
at Charleston, South Carolina but heavy in potatoes and tomatoes in
southern Georgia. Activity beginning at Union Gap, Washington. (p. 397).

TOBACCO BUDWORM heavy on tobacco in some southern Georgia coun-
ties. Moderate to heavy damage from GRASSHOPPERS on tobacco in
this area also. (p. 399). Some field tobacco heavily damaged in Wilson
County, North Carolina by TOBACCO FLEA BEETLE. (p. 399).

BOLLWORMS heavy in Cameron County, Texas. Still causing damage in
lower Rio Grande Valley of this State. (p. 399). SEED-CORN MAGGOT
caused severe damage to germinating cotton in several areas of Alabama.
(p. 399). APHIDS light to heavy on cotton in many Texas counties.

(p. 400).

GYPSY MOTH hatching on Long Island, New York, April 30. (p. 402).
BROWN-TAIL MOTH more numerous than usual in New Hampshire.

(p. 402). EUROPEAN PINE SHOOT MOTH larvae active in several Mich-
igan counties. (p. 402). FOREST TENT CATERPILLAR defoliation ex-
pected to occur in same area as last year in Minnesota. This insect
ae generally in New York but will be of concern in some areas.

p. 402).

ADDITIONAL NOTES (p. 406).
WEATHER summary (p. 407).

FRR RK RK

Reports in this issue are for the week ending May 4, unless otherwise
designated.

- 387 =

CEREAL AND FORAGE INSECTS

EUROPEAN CORN BORER (Pyrausta nubilalis) - NORTH DAKOTA - Win-
ter survival in southeastern area 20 percent compared with 80 percent in
1955. (N. D. Ins. Rept. Serv.). MINNESOTA = Winter mortality in 28
counties in southern two-thirds of State was 23 percent. This compares
with 19 percent in 1955 and 25 percent in 1954. Percent mortality by
districts is as follows: southwest 20, south central 15, southeast 22,
west central 25, central 28, and east central 34. This population is suf-
ficient to cause damaging infestations especially in southwest and portions
of the south central, west central and central districts. (Minn. Ins. Rept.
Serv. ).

GRASSHOPPERS - UTAH - Hatching, largely Melanoplus spp. , continues
throughout State, though retarded by recent rains. (Knowlton). KANSAS -
Range and crop species continue to hatch in most southern areas. Recent
rain and warmer weather helped further early spring hatches.’ Counts in
some fields in Cowley, Sumner, Harper, Barber, and Comanche Counties
ranged from 6 to 18 second and third instars per square yard. (Matthew).

MORMON CRICKET (Anabrus simplex) - UTAH - Hatching increased in
some areas of San Juan County. (Thornley).

CORN EARWORM (Heliothis zea) - LOUISIANA - Larvae infesting white
clover at 46 per 100 sweeps in Assumption Parish and 31 per 100 sweeps
in Iberville Parish; 12 per 100 sweeps of alfalfa in Assumption Parish; 22
per 100 sweeps of crimson clover in Red River Parish and 18 per 100
Sweeps in Bienville Parish. (Oliver).

BROWN WHEAT MITE (Petrobia latens) - KANSAS - Populations up to

800 per linear foot in many fields in Edwards, Kiowa, Comanche, Barber,
Harper, Kingman and Reno Counties. (Matthew). OKLAHOMA - Decreas-
ing rapidly in south central area. (Coppock).

ARMY CUTWORM (Chorizagrotis auxiliaris) - SOUTH DAKOTA - Averag-
ing two larvae per square foot in winter wheat fields and from one to two
larvae per square foot in alfalfa fields in southwestern counties. (Hants-
barger).

GREENBUG (Toxoptera graminum) - KANSAS - Non-economic populations
in wheat fields as far north as Barton County and in Douglas County, east
central area. From 1 to 7 per 25 sweeps. (Matthew).

SUGARCANE BORER (Diatraea saccharalis) - LOUISIANA - A survey of 36
sugarcane fields in 0 parishes found first generation borers infesting the
greatest number of stools per acre in St. Mary Parish. Infestations were
progressively lighter from the south northward. Light traps indicated in-
creased moth flights over the cane belt. (Oliver, April 30).

- 388 -

APHIDS - UTAH - Serious infestation of small grains in Washington County.

(Knowlton). ARIZONA - Macrosiphum granarium and Rhopalosiphum
maidis general on barley in Pinal County. (Ariz. Coop. Rept. ).

LESSER CORNSTALK BORER (Elasmopalpus lignosellus_) - ARIZONA -
Fourth-instar larvae in experimental sorghum at Mesa April 19. (Ariz.

Coop. Rept. ).

SEED-CORN MAGGOT (Hylemya cilicrura) - VIRGINIA - Severely attacking
early corn in Washington County. (Turner). Unusually severe this spring
in. field corn in Norfolk area. (Brubaker, Greenwood, Hofmaster). MICHI-
GAN - Adults very numerous at Bath, Munith and Jackson. (Hutson).

SUGARCANE BEETLE (Euetheola rugiceps) - ALABAMA - Severe damage
to corn in many areas. (Arant).

FALSE WIREWORMS (Eleodes spp.) - SOUTH DAKOTA - Scattered infesta-
tions found in winter wheat. One field averaged four larvae per square
foot. (Hantsbarger).

CORN LEAF APHID (Rhopalosiphum maidis) - TEXAS - Well distributed
light to heavy populations on combine milo in Victoria County. (McCombs).

ENGLISH GRAIN APHID ( Macrosiphum granarium) - UTAH - Common on
small grains in central area. (Hughes, Knowlton). DELAWARE - Light
infestations on barley at Clayton and Kenton. (Milliron).

CLOVER MITE (Bryobia praetiosa) - MISSISSIPPI - Numerous on lawns in
Simpson County, April 30. (Hutchins).

A PLANT BUG (Leptopterna ferrugatus) - UTAH - Nymphs abundant and
damaging small grains in areas of Tooele County. (Knowlton).

WHITE GRUBS - TEXAS - Heavy populations on lawns in Dallas County.
(Milikien).

CUT WORMS - WASHINGTON - Larvae, probably Euxoa ochrogaster,
caused considerable damage to alfalfa; 5 to 7 larvae per damaged plant
near Orondo. (Kamal, Telford). UTAH - Troublesome in alfalfa at Enter-
prise (Hughes) and in alfalfa and small grains at Johnson Canyon (Rose).
Army cutworms maturing with damage to alfalfa decreasing. (Knowlton).

DINGY CUTWORM (Feltia subgothica) - DELAWARE - Conspicuous in red
clover at Bombay Hook and Kenton. (Milliron).

BRISTLY CUTWORM (Lacinipolia renigera) - ILLINOIS - Populations in
clover and alfalfa low with an average of 1.6 per square foot in western and
1.4 per square foot in northwestern areas. (Ill. Ins. Rept. )

- 389 -

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ARMY WORM (Pseudaletia unipuncta) - TEXAS - Medium widespread popu-
lations on vetch and small grains in Kaufman County. (Randolph).
ARKANSAS - Larvae, up to third instar, light on small grain as far north
as Monroe County except in south Arkansas County where counts were 15
to 16 per square foot. (Warren). LOUISIANA - Infesting two fields of
oats at 4 to 6 per square foot in Bossier Parish. Light populations exist
in Natchitoches, Rapides, Avoyelles and St. Landry Parishes. (Oliver).
MISSISSIPPI - Larvae numerous in oats in south delta counties at 10 to 15
per square foot, while in north delta counties less numerous at 3 to 5
larvae per square foot. (Hunsucker). TENNESSEE - No larvae found in
State to date. (Mullett). ILLINOIS - Newly-hatched larvae on rank grasses
in southern tip of State. (Ill. Ins. Rept.)

WIRE WORMS - OKLAHOMA - In experimental plots in Canadian County 40
percent of corn seed and 5 percent of seedling plants were damaged. Over
70 percent of soil insects found were wireworms. Only 8 percent of the
seeds were damaged in McClain County. (Arbuthnot, Walton).

CLOVER LEAF WEEVIL (Hypera punctata) - VIRGINIA - Damage to graz-
ing clover was severe in places in Sussex County. (Wright), DELAWARE -

Injury conspicuous in all red clover from Mt. Pleasant southward. Most
larvae matured. (Milliron). ILLINOIS - Populations in southeastern and
central areas averaged 10 per square foot. Populations in eastern areas
were 7.3 per square foot and in southwestern areas, 5 per square foot.
The remainder of the State had a lower population. (Ili. Ins. Rept. )

CLOVER ROOT CURCULIO (Sitona hispidula) - NEBRASKA - From 1 to 2
per 25 sweeps on red clover in the southeast area. (Andersen). WEST
VIRGINIA - Adults active in red clover over State. (Dorsey). MARYLAND -
Light numbers of adults present in alfalfa and clover fields in most areas.

GUL NViGt Ents Dept):

IMBRICATED SNOUT BEETLE (Epicaerus imbricatus) - DELAWARE -
Adults found in red clover at Kenton and elsewhere. (Milliron).

- 390 -

A CLOVER WEEVIL (Hypera meles) - GEORGIA - Infesting crimson
clover at 80 adults and 100 larvae per 100 sweeps in Baldwin County.
(Johnson). DELAWARE - Adults in red clover in Kent County. (Milliron).

LESSER CLOVER LEAF WEEVIL (Hypera nigrirostris) - GEORGIA - In-
festing crimson clover at 35 adults and 90 larvae per 100 sweeps in Bald-
win County. (Johnson). SOUTH CAROLINA - More numerous than in
1955, April 28. (Chamberlain). MARYLAND - Adults averaged 2 per 10
sweeps on Clover in Talbot County. (U. Md., Ent. Dept.). DELAWARE -
Adults very abundant in red clover in Kent County. (Milliron).

SWEETCLOVER WEEVIL (Sitona cylindricollis) -WASHINGTON - Causing
damage to sweetclover in Whitman County. (Brannon). Damaging road-
side sweetclover at Orondo. (Kamal, Telford). UTAH - Common in
northern and central areas. Foliage injury apparent. (Knowlton).
IDAHO - Moderate populations and feeding injury common in all sweet-
clover areas of Boise Valley. (Manis), NEBRASKA - Ranging from 4 to
OD per 25 sweeps in alfalfa in Richardson, Pawnee, and Gage Counties.
(Andersen).

APHIDS - ARKANSAS - Heavy activity on alfalfa in Izard and Prairie
Counties. (Warren). NEW JERSEY - Populations as high as 40 per sweep
on alfalfa in Cumberland County area. (Merrill). VIRGINIA - A field of ~
alfalfa: was severely injured in the Norfolk area. Biological control ef-
fective. (Brubaker, Greenwood, Hofmaster).

PEA APHID (Macrosiphum pisi) - WASHINGTON - Two per ten sweeps

on alfalfa at Orondo. (ome Telford). UTAH - Occurring in threaten-
ing numbers and causing moderate injury in a number of counties.
(Knowlton). NEVADA - Infestations on alfalfa continuing to build up in
Washoe, Lyon and Douglas Counties. (Gallaway). ARIZONA - More se-
vere on alfalfa than any time in past three years in Pinal County. (Ariz.
Coop. Rept.). NEBRASKA - Very small numbers, 1 to 3 per square yard,
on alfalfa in Richardson, Pawnee, and Gage Counties. (Andersen).
KANSAS - Increased to near destructive proportions in many alfalfa

fields in east central area. Counts range from 100 to 300 per sweep in
Kansas River Valley to highs of 1, 000 per sweep in Linn and Anderson
Counties. Plants in some fields are badly wilted, stunted and weakened

in Linn County. (Matthew). TEXAS - Medium to heavy widespread in-
festations of 30 to 500 per sweep on vetch in Kaufman County being at-
tacked by medium populations of lacewings and lady beetles. (Randolph).
ARKANSAS - Responsible for most heavier infestations on alfalfa. (War-
ren). VIRGINIA - Activity reported in following counties: Powhatan (Hen-
ry), Brunswick (Marshall), Louisa (Andrews), Nelson (Whitehead) and
Cumberland (Seay). MARYLAND - Populations on alfalfa averaged 150
per sweep in Talbot County, 7 per sweep in Montgomery and Prince
Georges Counties, and 47 per sweep in Washington County. (U. Md., Ent.
Dept. ). DELAWARE - Heavy on alfalfa at places in the Dover-Hartly area
and Lincoln and Cedar Creek areas. Noticeable increase generally noted.
(Milliron). ILLINOIS - Population extremely high in east southeast, south-
west and southeast areas. Populations ranged from 13, 000 to 20, 000 per

- 391 -

100 sweeps. Winged adults in eastern, northeastern and northwestern
areas. (Ill. Ins. Rpt.). PENNSYLVANIA - Beginning to appear on alfalfa
in Northampton and Berks Counties. (Menusan). Few observed in south-
central area. (Pepper).

SERPENTINE LEAF MINER (Liriomyza sp.) - TEXAS - Heavy local
populations on alfalfa in Maverick County. (Richardson).

SPOTTED ALFALFA APHID - UTAH - Common in all Kane County alfalfa
fields. (Rose). ARIZONA - High population with many winged forms on
untreated fields in Salt River Valley. Generally light to moderate in
Cochise and Greenlee Counties, up to 5 per sweep, with lady beetle popu-
lations building up. Development of infestations later in Cochise County
than in 1955. High in Safford Valley of Graham County with untreated
fields severely damaged and reinfestation rapid. One field that had been
treated had over 100 winged forms per 100 sweeps. (Ariz. Coop. Rept. ).
NEBRASKA - None found yet in southeastern area. (Andersen). KANSAS -
Heaviest infestations in parts of or scattered throughout southeastern
counties. Populations of lady beetles, lacewings, nabids and other preda-
tors building up rapidly but unable to control infestations. (Matthew).
OKLAHOMA - Continuing heavy populations in most undamaged fields in
Pauls Valley area. Plants have not recovered in fields turned brown in
early spring. (Coppock). TEXAS - Heavy widespread populations on
alfalfa in Brazos and Burleson Counties. Heavy widespread populations

of lacewings and lady beetles feeding on alfalfa aphids in Brazos and Burle-
son Counties. (Randolph). Light to heavy widespread populations on
alfalfa in Dimmit, Maverick and Collin Counties. (Richardson, Dahlberg).
ARKANSAS - Local heavy numbers as far east as Baxter County. (Warren).
LOUISIANA - Found in two parishes, Iberville and Assumption, for first
time. (Oliver). NEW MEXICO - See additional notes.

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- 392 -

ALFALFA WEEVIL (Hypera postica) - UTAH - Common in alfalfa fields.
(Knowlton). SOUTH DAKOTA - Adults active in alfalfa fields of Penning-
ton County. (Hantsbarger). NORTH CAROLINA - Collected in Warren
County for the first time. Two fields involved. (Godly, Reams). WEST
VIRGINIA - Evidence of feeding by adults and first-instar larvae in alfalfa
in Berkeley and Jefferson Counties. (Dorsey). VIRGINIA - Practically
all alfalfa fields in Loudoun County heavily infested. (Brown). One hundred
acres sprayed in Rappahannock County. Much variation in size of larvae.
(Lyne). Nearly all alfalfa being sprayed in Fairfax County. (Beard).

Most alfalfa will have to be sprayed in Madison County. (McLearen). Re-
ports of alfalfa weevil received from these additional counties: Powhatan
(Henry), Clarke (Gerken), Louisa (Andrews) and Nelson (Whitehead).
Considerable feeding injury in Norfolk area. (Brubaker, Greenwood,
Hofmaster). MARYLAND - Adults averaged from 1 to 8 per 10 Sweeps in
17 alfalfa fields surveyed from Talbot to Washington Counties. Damage by
larvae showing in most sections. Larval populations averaged 3 per sweep
in Montgomery County, and 8 per sweep in Talbot County. Spraying gen-
eral in most sections. (U. Md., Ent. Dept.). NEW JERSEY - Feeding
heavily on alfalfa in Cape May, Cumberland and Salem Counties. Fields
not infested in 1955 heavily infested this year. No activity in central area.
(Merrill). DELAWARE - Generally light to moderately heavy injury. Se-
vere damage noted near Hartly. Adults numerous at most locations.
(Milliron). PENNSYLVANIA - Moderate larval injury to alfalfa in Berks
County. (Menusan). Starting to feed in terminal growth of alfalfa in
Adams, Franklin, York and Lancaster Counties, but not abundant yet.
Adults also present. (Perper).

ALFALFA CATERPILLAR (Colias philodice eurytheme) - NEBRASKA -
Larvae ranging from 3 to 5 per 20 Sweeps in alfalfa in southeast area.
Adults present in the fields. (Andersen). ARKANSAS - Larvae, many
reaching maturity, averaging 0 to 4 per 20 sweeps. (Warren). DELA-
WARE - Few larvae occur in red clover at many locations. Adults in
Sussex County. (Milliron).

BEET LEAFHOPPER (Circulifer tenellus) - CALIFORNIA - Inspections in
flax fields of Imperial County were made the middle of April following re-
ports of curly top. Flax plants were brown and much shorter than custo-
mary. Collections in the brown fields averaged 1 per sweep with highs of
10 per sweep. Weeds, Chenopodium spp., in the same field averaged 5
per sweep, with one high of 63 in 10 sweeps. All fields, whether brown or
still green, contained some beet leafhoppers evenly distributed over the
entire fields. Most fields also contained some weeds. (Cal. Coop. Rept. ).

LY GUS BUGS (Lygus sp.) - WASHINGTON - Adults 3 per 10 sweeps and
first instar nymphs on alfalfa at Orondo. (Kamal, Telford). UTAH -
Lygus elisus numerous on alfalfa, under-cover plants in Box Elder County,
and grain fields. (Knowlton). TEXAS - Medium local infestations on vetch
in Kaufman County. (Randolph).

RAPID PLANT BUG (Adelphocoris rapidus) - DELAWARE - Nymphs in red
clover at some places in Kent County. (Milliron).

- 393 -

MEADOW SPITTLEBUG (Philaenus leucophthalmus) - WEST VIRGINIA -
Hatching on red clover over State. (Dorsey). MARYLAND - Moderate
numbers on alfalfa and clover in most sections. Nymphs averaged 7 per
10 stems on red clover in Talbot County and 5 per 10 stems on alfalfa in
Washington County. (U. Md., Ent. Dept.). DELAWARE - Light in red
clover generally, scarce in alfalfa. Second instars observed near
Slaughter Beach. (Milliron). ILLINOIS - Hatching in northern three
tiers of counties... (Ill. Ins. Rpt.). PENNSYLVANIA - Seventy-five percent
hatched on clover and alfalfa in south central area. (Pepper).

SPITTLEBUGS -- TENNESSEE - Heavy infestations of alfalfa showing up
in eastern third of State. (Mullett). VIRGINIA - A little more apparent
in Staunton area but no threatening infestations observed. (Woodside).

MITES ON ALFALFA - KANSAS - Very heavy populations in fields of
south central area. Many plants show evidence of injury. Counts as high
as 00 or more mites per leaflet recorded in Marion County. (Painter,
Burkharat).

YELLOW CLOVER APHID (Pterocallidium trifolii) - NEBRASKA - First
appearance on red clover observed in Shawnee and Douglas Counties, May
4, (Matthew).

VETCH BRUCHID (Bruchus brachialis) - TEXAS - Heavy local populations
on vetch in Kaufman County. (Randolph).

VARIEGATED CUTWORM (Peridroma margaritosa) - TEXAS - Medium
widespread populations on vetch and small grains in Kaufman County.
(Randolph). ARKANSAS - Numbers remain unusually low on alfalfa com-
pared with 1954 and 1955. (Warren).

TARNISHED PLANT BUG (Lygus lineolaris) - NEBRASKA - New genera-
tion in alfalfa fields in southeastern area. Nymphs averaged 21 per 25
Sweeps and adults ranged from 5 to 8 per 25 sweeps. (Andersen). DELA-
WARE - Adults numerous in all forage legumes generally. (Milliron).
ILLINOIS - Maximum adult population in southeastern areas averaged 36
adults per 100 sweeps. Nymphal populations of 14 per 100 sweeps were
observed in southwest and east southeast areas. (Ill.Ins. Rpt.); PENN-
SYLVANIA - Adults fairly: abundant on clover and alfalfa in south central
area. (Pepper).

A TORTRICID - UTAH - Larvae numerous in alfalfa in Ogden area.
(Knowlton).

THREE-CORNERED ALFALFA HOPPER (Spissistilus festinus) - LOUISI-
jane - a ane alfalfa in Assumption Parish at 30 per 100 sweeps.
Oliver).

CORRECTION: CEIR 6(16) 322, IDAHO - Reference should be to cutworms
rather than pale western cutworm. (Gittins, April 20).

S130
FRUIT INSECTS

infestation extends to Kendall, south of Miami. Heaviest infestations are
located in the Miami Shores area. Three thousand traps and a crew of
eight men were sent into the area to survey for the fly. (Summ. from
Florida Cooperative Insect Survey Rept., May 4).

PLUM CURCULIO (Conotrachelus nenuphar) - INDIANA - Jarring indicates
increase in activity but that activity in commercial orchards in the Vin-
cennes area would be extremely light. (Hamilton). OHIO - Jarring records
indicate a population of about 0.1 per tree in southern area May 1-2, None
jarred from peaches in Wooster area to May 4. (Rings). MARYLAND -
Light numbers jarred from peaches at Fairland, Montgomery County. (U.
Md., Ent. Dept.). GEORGIA - Infested peach drops falling, but no mature
larvae entered soil. No adults found by jarring. Infestation remains very
light. (Snapp, April 30).

CODLING MOTH (Carpocapsa pomonella) - INDIANA - About 15 percent of
larvae have pupated. No emergence to date in Vincennes area. Develop-
ment considerably behind past two early years. (Hamilton).

RED-BANDED LEAF ROLLER (Argyrotaenia velutinana) - INDIANA - Most
first-brood egg masses have hatched in Vincennes area. (Hamilton).
MICHIGAN - Eggs becoming numerous in orchards near Paw Paw, Benton
Harbor, St. Joseph, Stevensville and Sodus. (Hutson). DELAWARE -
Eggs deposited at Bridgeville. (Stearns), PENNSYLVANIA - Adults
and egg masses quite abundant on apples in south central area, May 1.
(Pepper).

EUROPEAN RED MITE (Metatetranychus ulmi) - MICHIGAN - Appearing
on plums at Sodus, Stevensville, and Paw Paw. (Hutson). NEW JERSEY -
Eggs have hatched throughout State. Up to three hundred larvae found on
apple leaves in Burlington County where no delayed dormant oil used.
(Merrill). NEW HAMPSHIRE - Egg populations lighter than usual. (Conk-
lin) DELAWARE - Eggs have hatched in Bridgeville-Georgetown area.
(Kelsey, Stearns). MARYLAND - Hatching in several apple orchards in
Hancock area. (U. Md., Ent. Dept.). PENNSYLVANIA - Hatching rapid-
ly on apples, cherries and peaches in south central area. (Pepper).

TWO-SPOTTED SPIDER MITE (Tetranychus telarius) - DELAWARE -
uae os apples in Bridgeville-Georgetown area. (Kelsey, MacCreary,
tearns).

CLOVER MITE (Bryobia praetiosa) - IDAHO - Infesting prune orchards in
Canyon County and hatching in Latah County. (Manis, Walz). UTAH -
Populations high where controls omitted. Largely hatched in northern and
central orchards. (Knowlton).

= 395 -

ORCHARD MITES - UTAH - Seriously infesting orchards at New Harmony.’
(Hughes). PENNSYLVANIA - Two-spotted mite quite abundant on
water sprout growth of apples in south central area, May 1. (Pepper).

PEACH SILVER MITE (Vasates cornutus) - WASHINGTON - On peaches,
mainly on flower buds near Orondo. (Kamal, Telford).

ROSY APPLE APHID (Anuraphis roseus) - MICHIGAN - Hatching at Sodus,
Paw Paw and Stevensville but less numerous than apple aphid. (Hutson).
DELAWARE - Hatching at Bridgeville. (Stearns), MARYLAND - Active
in one orchard at Hancock. (U. Md., Ent. Dept. ).

APPLE APHID (Aphis pomi) - MICHIGAN - Quite numerous on opening
apple buds at Sodus, Benton Harbor and Paw Paw. (Hutson). NEW
HAMPSHIRE - Hatching at Durham April 27. (Conklin).

APPLE GRAIN APHID( Rhopalosiphum fitchii) - DELAWARE - Moderately
abundant on apple generally. (Kelsey, MacCreary, Stearns).

BLACK PEACH APHID (Anuraphis persicae-niger) - UTAH - Damaging
young peach trees at Moab and occasionally present in central orchards.
(Thornley, Knowlton).

CLIMBING CUTWORMS - UTAH - Damaging peach and apricot orchards
from south of Brigham City to south of Willard. (Knowlton).

CATFACING INSECTS - INDIANA - Stink bug activity highest recorded
since March 26 and expected to increase further in next 20 days in Vin-
cennes area, ‘Tarnished plant bug decreasing. (Hamilton). Stink bug
damage expected to increase first ten days of May in Orleans area.
(Marshall). OHIO - Euschistus tristigmus abundant in some southern or-
chards, May 1-2. Populations of E. servus and Thyanta custator light in
southern area orchards. lLygus lineolaris prevalent in northern area
orchards in‘bloom stage. (Rings). GEORGIA - Much more abundant than
usual in peach orchards. Stink bugs feeding on small green peaches.
(Snapp, April 27). ARKANSAS - Examination of 100 young peach trees in
nine orchards in Clarksville area showed an average of 3.45 percent dam-
age. Orchards with cover crops had an average of 5. 53 percent injury
compared with 0. 85 percent in orchards with no cover crop. (Warren).
UTAH - Lygus bugs common in northern area orchards. (Knowlton).

JUNE BEETLES (Phyllophaga sp. ) - LOUISIANA - Severely damaging
several pecan trees in East Baton Rouge Parish. (Oliver).

LEAFHOPPERS - UTAH - Populations, largely Erythroneura ziczac, dam-
aging peach foliage near vineyard where grape foliage not yet appeared.
(Thornley).

PEACH TREE BORER (Sanninoidea exitiosa) - GEORGIA - Infestations
heavier than usual. Up to 35 borers removed from a single tree in one 5-
year-old commercial peach orchard. (Snapp, May 3).

1 396)=

PEACH TWIG BORER (Anarsia lineatella) - UTAH - Damage in Box Elder
and Salt Lake Counties. (Knowlton).

PECAN NUT CASEBEARER (Acrobasis caryae) - OKLAHOMA - Tips of
branches examined in Garvin, Johnston, Seminole and Okfuskee Counties
showed the following: Garvin with 2.3 percent of tips infested with over-
wintering hibernacula in March had 1.3 percent of tips destroyed, May
1-3; Okfuskee with one percent tips infested in March showed 4,5 percent
destroyed tips May 1-3 and another lot in Okfuskee County with 0. 67 per-
cent tips infested in March had 1.75 percent of tips destroyed. The other
two counties showed no infestation or damage. (Arbothnot, Walton).

TENT CATERPILLARS - MASSACHUSETTS - Occurring commonly in
wild cherry and fruit trees. (Crop Pest Cont. Mess. ). WASHINGTON -
Common on gooseberry, antelope brush and occasionally on apricots at
Orondo. (Kamal, Telford).

UNSPOTTED TENTIFORM LEAF MINER (Callisto geminatella) - DELA-
WARE - Abundant eggs and larvae beginning activity on apples generally.
(Kelsey).

A GRAPE TUBE GALL (Eonida viticola) - FLORIDA - Averaging 100 on
upper sides of grape leaves at Clermont, Lake County, April 23. (Keene).

CALIFORNIA PRIONUS (Prionus californicus) - UTAH - Damaging cherry
tree roots south of Farmington. (Stokes, Knowlton).

TRUCK CROP INSECTS

ASPARAGUS BEETLES - NEW JERSEY - Moving into asparagus field and
causing damage. (Merrill). DELAWARE - Adults of Crioceris asparaqi
feeding and depositing eggs in the Ellendale-Georgetown- Bridgeville area.
(Milliron). VIRGINIA - Adults numerous. Some eggs have hatched in
Norfolk area. (Brubaker, Greenwood, Hofmaster). MARYLAND - C.
asparagi adults abundant on asparagus in Montgomery County and the
coe a (U. Md., Ent. Dept.). UTAH - Damaging at Logan.
nowlton).

GREEN PEACH APHID (Myzus persicae) - UTAH - Damaging sugar beet
seed fields in Washington County. (Hughes).

BEET LEAFHOPPER (Circulifer tenellus) - NEVADA - Populations aver-
age 0. O7 per square foot on range land in northern Lyon County. (Gallaway).

MEXICAN BEAN BEETLE (Epilachna varivestis) - NORTH CAROLINA «
Present in about normal numbers in Duplin County. (Reid).

ONION MAGGOT (Hylemya antiqua) - IDAHO - Adults becoming increasingly
active in Canyon County. Control measures begun. (Walz).

- 397 -

SEED-CORN MAGGOT (Hylemya cilicrura) - NORTH CAROLINA - Severe-
ly attacking some varieties of snap beans in Duplin County. (Farrier,
Reid). VIRGINIA - Severely attacking early beans in Glade Springs,
Washington County. (Turner).

CABBAGE APHID (Brevicoryne brassicae) - DELAWARE - Troublesome
on small cabbage at Georgetown. (Milliron). VIRGINIA - Infesting seed
stalks of most crucifers now in bloom in Norfolk area. (Brubaker, Green-
wood, Hofmaster).

AN INTRODUCED FLEA BEETLE (Phyllotreta cruciferae) - DELAWARE-
Destructive to radishes at Hartly and Georgetown. On commerical cab-
bage in Dover-Hartly area. (Milliron).

STRIPED FLEA BEETLE (Phyllotreta striolata) - DELAWARE - Active
on cabbage in Dover-Hartly area. (Milliron).

IMPORTED CABBAGEWORM (Pieris rapae) - DELAWARE - Depositing
eggs on cabbage and kale near Hartly. (Milliron). VIRGINIA - Young
larvae feeding on spring cabbage, causing light damage near Norfolk.
(Brubaker, Greenwood, Hofmaster).

CABBAGE WORMS - SOUTH CAROLINA - Light infestations of Pieris
rapae and Trichoplusia ni and a few Plutella maculipennis on spring

cabbage in Charleston area. Control begun in several fields. (Reid,
/Njomentlh EG) aan

CABBAGE LOOPER (Trichoplusia ni) - NORTH CAROLINA - One larva
per 4-6 plants in untreated cabbage and broccoli. (Farrier, Reid).

CLAY-BACKED CUTWORM (Agrotis gladiaria) - NORTH CAROLINA -
About one percent of newly-set tomatoes and peppers cut in area planted
to greens last year in Duplin County. (Rabb, Farrier).

COLORADO POTATO BEETLE (Leptinotarsa decemlineata) - SOUTH
CAROLINA - Light infestations of first-brood larvae in commercial potato
plantings in Charleston area, April 16. (Reid). GEORGIA - Heavy in-
festations on tomatoes and potatoes in Tift and Berrien Counties. Light
infestations in Tattnall County. (Johnson, May 1). WASHINGTON - Began
activity above ground at Union Gap, April 27. (Landis).

CUTWORMS - PENNSYLVANIA - Numerous in tomatoes in south central
area. Nearly all acreages being treated, May 1. (Pepper).

FLEA BEETLES - SOUTH CAROLINA - Populations, mainly Epitrix

cucumerisg moderately abundant on eggplant and in spots in potatoes in

Charleston area. (Reid, April 16). UTAH - Damaging radishes and

(Guake a several counties and damaging corn in Washington County.
ughes).

- 398 -

PEA APHID (Macrosiphum pisi) - ARIZONA - Numerous on potatoes in
Pinal and Maricopa Counties, May 1. Det. L. M. Russell. (Ariz. Coop.
Rept. ).

THRIPS - GEORGIA - Heavy infestations on tomato blossoms in Tattnall
County. (Johnson, May 2).

A SERPENTINE LEAF MINER(Liriomyza sp.) - FLORIDA - Average of
1-4 larvae per leaf causing moderate damage to tomatoes at Coleman,
Sumter County. Det. J. M. Crall. (Denmark, April 25).

TOBACCO FLEA BEETLE (Epitrix hirtipennis) - VIRGINIA - Causing
some injury to potatoes in eastern area. (Brubaker, Greenwood, Hof-
master).

TOBACCO WIREWORM (Conoderus prob. vespertinus) - NORTH CARO-
LINA - Attacking green beans in local area in Duplin County. (Rabb,
Farrier).

VEGETABLE WEEVIL (Listroderes costirostris-‘obliquus) - GEORGIA -
Heavy infestations, up to 30 adults found at base of potatoes and tomatoes
in Upson County. (Burns, April 27).

AN APHID (Macrosiphum barri) - IDAHO - Colonies beginning to develop
in Boise Valley on wild lettuce, the overwintering host. (Walz).

STRIPED CUCUMBER BEETLE (Acalymma vittata) - NORTH CAROLINA -
About 95 percent of untreated squash plants attacked. (Reid, Farrier).

MEADOW SPITTLEBUG (Philaenus leucophthalmus) - MARYLAND - Light
numbers on strawberry plants in Montgomery County. (U., Md., Ent.
Dept. ).

A NITIDULID (Lobiopa insularis) - LOUISIANA - Moderate populations in
wooded areas adjacent to strawberry fields in Tangipahoa Parish.
(Oliver).

SPITTLEBUGS - NEW JERSEY - Now present on strawberries. (Merrill).

STRAWBERRY LEAF ROLLER (Ancylis comptana fragariae) - DELA‘-
WARE - Adults abundant in a large planting near Slaughter Beach. (Mill-
iron). UTAH - Largely adults with populations often high, following above-
normal survival of larvae. (Knowlton, Davis).

STRAWBERRY WEEVIL (Anthonomus signatus) - DELAWARE - Destruc-
tive at Ellendale. (Milliron). MARYLAND - Adults on strawberry plants
at Fairland, Montgomery County. Damage light. (U. Md., Ent. Dept. ).

WHITE GRUBS - IDAHO - Heavy populations attacking roots of hops in
most hop yards throughout Boise Valley. (Walz).

- 399 -

TOBACCO INSECTS

TOBACCO BUDWORM (Heliothis virescens) - GEORGIA - Heavy infesta-
tions on tobacco in fields in Tift, Berrien, Ware, Pierce, and Wayne
Counties. Moderate infestations in Lanier, Clinch, Tattnall, Candler,
and Emanuel Counties. (Johnson, May 2 ).

TOBACCO FLEA BEETLE (Epitrix hirtipennis) - NORTH CAROLINA -
Some early-set fields in Wilson County with leaves almost completely
"Sieved" and plant growth expected to be retarded as result. (Rabb,
Guthrie). GEORGIA - Moderate infestations in Tift, Berrien, Lanier,
Ware, Pierce, Wayne, Tattnall and Candler Counties. (Johnson, May 2).
TENNESSEE - Occurring in beds in State. (Mullett).

TOBACCO WIREWORM (Conoderus vespertinus) - NORTH CAROLINA -
Newly-set plants with 40-0 percent of plants attacked in check plots in
fields selected for tests. (Rabb, Guthrie, Farrier).

GREEN PEACH APHID (Myzus persicae) - GEORGIA - Moderate infesta-
tions in Ware, Pierce, Tattnall, Wayne and Emanuel Counties. (Johnson,
May 2).

GRASSHOPPERS - GEORGIA - Causing moderate to heavy damage to
tobacco in Tift, Berrien, Ware, Pierce, Wayne, Tattnall, Candler and
Emanuel Counties. (Johnson, May 2).

VEGETABLE WEEVIL (Listroderes costirostris obliquus) - NORTH
CAROLINA - Severely attacking a newly-set tobacco field in Columbus
County. (Roper, Jones).

COTTON INSECTS

BOLL WEEVIL (Anthonomus grandis) - TEXAS - Light to medium popu-
lations in Fort Bend, Kleberg and Cameron Counties and heavy popula-
tions in Victoria County with 60 and 210 per acre. (Texas CEI Rept. ).
Continue to cause damage in the Brownsville area. (Deer). -Percent
survival is 0.04 in hibernation cages May 1 in McLennan and Falls Coun-
tiles COmpared with 1.0 in 1955. (Parencia et al.). LOUISIANA - Percent
survival in cages at Tallulah to May 4 was 0.20 compared with 0. 14 in
1955. (Gaines, Pfrimmer et al.). SOUTH CAROLINA - A total of 229
live boll weevils were removed from 10 hibernation cages week of May 4
at Florence compared with 19 in 1955. (Walker et al.).

BOLLWORMS - TEXAS - Light populations of Heliothis zea in Jim Wells
County and heavy populations in Cameron County. (Texas CEI Rept. ).
Still causing damage over most of lower Rio Grande Valley. (Deer).

SEED-CORN MAGGOT (Hylemya cilicrura) - ALABAMA - Caused severe
damage to germinating cotton seed in Several localities. (Arant).

- 400 -

PINK BOLLWORM (Pectinophora gossypiella) - OKLAHOMA - Inspection
of 133 bolls from standing stalks and 15.9 pounds of surface debris from
six southwestern counties showed 42 dead and one live larva. Fifty-four
bolls from Pittsburg County were negative. (Pink Bollworm Cont. Proj.

and State Bd. of Agric. ).

CUTWORMS - MISSISSIPPI - Peridroma margaritosa infestations damag-
ing small cotton in Sunflower County, where they are moving into cotton
from vetch. (Hunsucker). TEXAS - Medium to heavy populations with
white grubs in Williamson County. (Texas CEI Rept. ).

APHIDS - TEXAS - Damaging infestations building up rapidly in Victoria
County. Extensive damage due to heavy infestations in Nueces County.
Light, widespread infestations in Dimmit and Zavala Counties. Severe
infestations on cotyledons of seedling cotton in Maverick County. Ex-
tremely heavy to heavy infestations in San Patricio County. Heavy in-
festation in Cameron, Fort Bend, Jim Wells and Kleberg Counties. Light
to medium infestations in Matagorda, Victoria, Calhoun, Grimes, Brazos,
LaSalle and Brazoria Counties. (Texas CEI Rept.). Seriously damaged
much of the cotton in lower Rio Grande Valley. High degree of parasitism
appears to be checking infestation. (Deer).

THRIPS - TEXAS - Heavy populations in Fort Bend County and heavy popu-
lations in San Patricio, April 28 reduced to light populations by insecti-
cides by May 1. Light to medium infestations in Nueces, Refugio, Dimmit,
Zavala, Maverick, Matagorda, Jackson, Victoria, San Patricio, Wharton,
Williamson, Calhoun, Cameron, Grimes, Brazos, Robertson, LaSalle

and Brazoria Counties. (Texas CEI Rept.). SOUTH CAROLINA - Ex-
tremely light infestations in three fields in Florence County. (Walker et
ells ))s

COTTON FLEAHOPPER (Psallus seriatus) - TEXAS - Light populations
in Matagorda, Calhoun and Cameron Counties. Medium populations in
Kleberg County and heavy populations in Nueces.County. (Texas CEI
Rept. ).

LEAF MINERS - TEXAS - Light damage in LaSalle, Dimmit and Zavala
Counties. (Texas CEI Rept.). Infestations occurred oncotyledons in
most fields where plants were old enough in McLennan and Falls Counties.
(Parencia et al.).

SPIDER MITES - TEXAS - Light to medium infestations in San Patricio
and Robertson Counties. (Texas CEI Rept. ).

- 401 -

INSECTS AFFECTING MAN AND ANIMALS

SCRE W- WORM (Callitroga hominivorax) - NORTH CAROLINA - Apparent-
ly able to survive the winter in the Davie County area. Specimens collected
from wounds in animals on farms in several parts of the county in late
February and early March, although continued cold weather may have re-
duced or prevented establishment. Only one farm reported an infestation
in mid-April. (N. C. Insect Notes, May 1).

SALT-MARSH MOSQUITO (Aedes sollicitans) - NORTH CAROLINA - From
11-20 biting per square foot in Dare County seacoast. One location in
roadside ditch yielded 30 larvae per dip. (Cromroy).

MOSQUITOES - NEW HAMPSHIRE - Second-instar Aedes larvae at Durham,
Aoril sO. + (Conklin):

BLACK FLIES - NEW HAMPSHIRE - First biting of season reported May 1;
later than usual. (Conklin). DELAWARE -_Prosimulium hirtipes annoying
at various places in New Castle County and Cnephia mutata annoying at
Newark to Georgetown and Simulium decorum annoying at Georgetown.
(Milliron). UTAH - Moderately numerous some areas of Weber County.
(Knowlton).

MIDGES - UTAH - Extremely annoying in areas near Great Salt Lake and
other areas. (Knowlton, Co. Agents).

ae GRUBS - UTAH - Common in cattle in Wasatch County. (Knowl-
ton).

AMERICAN DOG TICK (Dermacentor variabilis) - MARYLAND - Ticks on
dogs and ee in Prince Georges and Montgomery Counties. (U. Md.,
mite Dept. ):

SHEEP KEDS - UTAH - Numerous in flocks now moving in Wasatch, Utah
and Summit Counties. (Knowlton).

= 402, =

FOREST, ORNAMENTAL AND SHADE TREE INSECTS

GYPSY MOTH (Porthetria dispar) - NEW YORK - First hatching of eggs
reported from Smithtown, Long Island, April 30. (Gypsy and Brown-tail
Moth Cont. Proj., April).

BROWN-TAIL MOTH (Nygmia phaeorrhoea) - NEW HAMPSHIRE - Much
more prevalent than for a number of years. Crews have cut over 100, 000
webs in 35 towns by May 4. (Conklin).

ELM LEAF BEETLE (Galerucella xanthomelaena) - NEW HAMPSHIRE -
Many reports. May have heavy populations this year. (Conklin).
MARYLAND - Adults swarming trom buildings to elm trees in Talbot,
Howard and Queen Annes Counties. (U. Md., Ent. Dept.). OKLAHOMA-
Defoliating numerous elm trees in Pottawatomie County. (Meharg).

EUROPEAN PINE SHOOT MOTH (Rhyacionia buoliana) - MICHIGAN -
Larvae active in Ottawa, Cass, Ingham and Calhoun Counties. (Hutson).

EUROPEAN PINE SAWFLY (Neodiprion sertifer) - CONNECTICUT - Just
starting to hatch in Stamford area. From ZUU-400 acres of red pine will
be treated at Stamford with polyhedrosis virus for control. (Northeastern
Forest Ins. Lab. ).

EASTERN TENT CATERPILLAR (Malacosoma americanum) - NEW
HAMPSHIRE - Hatching at Durham, April 22; later than usual. (Conklin).
RHODE ISLAND - Hatching in Warwick. (Mathewson). WEST VIRGINIA-
Damaging wild cherry and viburnum statewide. (Dorsey). PENNSYL-
VANIA - Quite abundant on wild cherry in south central area, May 1.
(Pepper).

FOREST TENT CATERPILLAR (Malacosoma disstria) - MINNESOTA -
Egg surveys during fall and winter, 1955-1956 indicate that the bulk of
noticeable defoliation will occur generally in same area as in 1955. Heav-
ier infestations than in 1955 expected along North Shore between Duluth
and Two Harbors. Moderate to heavy defoliation of susceptible broad-
leaf trees can be expected from two Harbors southeast along the North
Shore, eastern half of Carlton County and northern two-thirds of Pine
County. Heavy to complete defoliation in the area will be spotty. Light to
moderate infestations can be expected in northern third ot Unisago County,
eastern edge of Kanabec County, in Pine, Carlton, southern St. Louis and
southwest corner of Lake County. (Minn. Ins. Rept. Serv.). NEW YORK-
Lower generally but may have infestations of concern in Rensselaer County
and in Catskill Mountains region. (Northeastern Forest Ins. Lab. ).

TENT CATERPILLARS - IDAHO - Hatching in Moscow area and first and
second instar in tents. First infestations on cherry trees. (Manis).

A PINE CHAFER (Anomala binotata) - VIRGINIA - Large numbers reported

oo Rockingham County (Peterson) and from Montgomery County (Under-

- 408 -

A PINE LOOPER (Lambdina athasaria pellucidaria) - DELAWARE - Adults
numerous in pine forest north of Georgetown. (Milliron).

PINE TORTOISE SCALE (Toumeyella numismaticum) - DELAWARE -
Occurring on Virginia pine in Redden State Forest north of Georgetown.
(Milliron).

A PITCH TWIG MOTH (Petrova virginiana) - DELAWARE - Pupating at
Petersburg. Injury conspicuous on Virginia pine at many locations.
(Milliron).

PITCH PINE MIDGES (Retinodiplosis spp. ) - DELAWARE - Damage and
cocoons of R. inopis conspicuous on Virginia pine at Petersburg and R.
resinicola on loblolly pine at Newark, Petersburg and near Slaughter
Beach. (Milliron).

RED TURPENTINE BEETLE (Dendroctonus valens) - VIRGINIA - Large
numbers in flight in Blacksburg area. (Rowell).

VARIABLE OAK LEAF CATERPILLAR (Heterocampa manteo) - MINNE-
SOTA - Pre-pupae abundant and healthy under birch-oak stands in north-
western area. (Minn. Ins. Rept. Serv. ).

WHITE-PINE WEEVIL (Pissodes strobi) - MICHIGAN - Active in Ottawa,
Ingham and Calhoun Counties. (Hutson).

WOOLLY APPLE APHID (Eriosoma lanigerum) - TEXAS - Medium local
populations on elm trees in Dallas County. (Milikien).

APHIDS - UTAH - Leaves of snowball bushes in northern area being
curled by Aphis viburnicola, A. fabae also found. (Knowlton).

COTTONY-CUSHION SCALE (Icerya purchasi) - SOUTH CAROLINA -
Causing considerable trouble to several kinds of ornamentals around
Winnsboro. (Lynn, April 24).

COTTONWOOD LEAF BEETLE (Chrysomela scripta) - MISSISSIPPI -
First-generation larvae causing serious damage to foliage of nursery
stock and young trees in Washington County. Larvae of lady beetles feed-
ing on eggs and pupae (Morris).

AZALEA BARK SCALE (Eriococcus azaleae) - MISSISSIPPI - A rather
heavy infestation in Hinds County. (Hutchins, May 1).

- 404 -
BENEFICIAL INSECTS

LADY BEETLES - ARIZONA - Populations of Hippodamia convergens
general in alfalfa fields in Cochise, Graham and Greenlee Counties,
commonest beetle of all. Coleomegilla maculata about one-fourth as
common as H. convergens at St. David, Cochise County. H. parenthesis
about equal to H. convergens in Duncan, Greenlee County. H. parenthesis
and H. sinuata in lesser numbers than H. convergens in Graham County
but total numbers in Graham County not high enough to effect control of
spotted alfalfa aphid. (Ariz. Coop. Rept. ).

HONEY BEE (Apis mellifera) - MASSACHUSETTS - Severe loss during
winter in some areas. One keeper lost one-third of 200 colonies. Cold
weather not allowing build up of colonies this spring. (Shaw).

STORED PRODUCTS INSECTS

STORED GRAIN INSECTS - ARKANSAS - Of 17 bins of rice examined in
Stuttgart-Dewitt area during April, two bins were infested with saw-
toothed grain beetle and one with Indian-meal moth. (Rouse).

MISCELLANEOUS INSECTS

EASTERN SUBTERRANEAN TERMITE (Reticulitermes flavipes) -
MICHIGAN - Swarming at Hastings. (Hutson). NEW HAMPSHIRE - First
Swarming at Concord, April 9. (Conklin). WEST VIRGINIA - Swarming
statewide past three. weeks. (Dorsey), NORTH CAROLINA - Swarming
in Mocksville and in eastern part of State. (Jones, Farrier, Wright).

TERMITES - OKLAHOMA - Swarming in Payne County. (Bieberdorf).
aon - Numerous swarms in central and south central areas. (Matth-
ew).

A TERMITE (Zootermopsis angusticollis) - RHODE ISLAND - General in-
festation in railroad car of lumber from Oregon at Providence. ‘The ship-
ae was fumigated with methyl bromide. Det. T. E. Snyder. (Mathew-
son).

ELM LEAF BEETLE (Galerucella xanthomelaena) - PENNSYLVANIA -
Numerous in homes in south central area (Pepper) and large numbers in
homes in Bedford, Mifflin and Juniata Counties (Udine).

ANTS - RHODE ISLAND - More numerous than usual. (Mathewson).

BLACK CARPET BEETLE (Attagenus piceus) - RHODE ISLAND - More
numerous than usual. (Mathewson).

CLOVER MITE (Bryobia praetiosa) - WEST VIRGINIA - Numerous re-
ports of annoyance in homes statewide. (Dorsey).

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- 406 -

ADDITIONAL NOTES

NEW MEXICO - SPOTTED ALFALFA APHID - A heavy infestation re-
ported in the Mayhill area of Otero County; however, infestations are
generally light to heavy and spotty in the southern two-thirds of the State
with no pattern to this activity. In the Los Lunas area alfalfa planted

last fall seems to be preferred. In the Albuquerque area there seems to
be no preference to age of stand and infestations are spotty. Some growers
having trouble with small areas in their fields where nothing seems to

kill aphids. TWO-SPOT TED SPIDER MITE infestations medium to heavy
but spotty in alfalfa fields in Bernalillo, Valencia, Eddy and Dona Ana
Counties. Heavy on barley and other grass cover crops in apple orchards
in Rio Arriba County. LYGUS BUGS are light in alfalfa fields throughout
the State ranging from 3 to 6 per 25 sweeps; and very heavy on rhubarb
blooms in Rio Arriba County. PEA APHID infestations are light to medium
in alfalfa fields which have not been sprayed. GRASSHOPPER nymphs be-
coming very abundant in home gardens in Albuquerque. Nymphs also
numerous in cultivated areas of Rio Arriba, Bernalillo, Valencia and
Socorro Counties. Eggs hatching on range lands in Lea County and expect-
ed to start hatching in Lincoln and Chaves Counties. SPOTTED CUCUMBER
BEETLES damaging seedling melons in Valencia County. GREEN PEACH
APHIDS are heavy on peach trees in Rio Arriba and Valencia Counties and
CODLING MOTH adults reported in bait traps in Valencia County. CLOVER
MITES are light to medium on apples in Rio Arriba and Valencia Counties
and a nuisance in homes in Albuquerque and Santa Fe. FLEA BEETLES
causing severe damage to 100 acres of tomato seedlings, and A WEBWORM
is causing damage to tomatoes in Dona Ana County. HEMISPHERICAL

SC ALE very heavy on mulberry and ash in Las Cruces and EUROPEAN ELM
SCALE very abundant on elm trees in Santa Fe and Albuquerque. A TUS-
SOCK MOTH infesting ponderosa pine in northern area. Some infestations
in localized areas very heavy. APHIDS and MITES abundant on ornamental
flowers and evergreens throughout the State. SPINEY ELM CATERPIL-
LARS defoliating a chinese elm tree in Socorro. (Durkin).

NEW YORK - First RED-BANDED LEAFROLLER moths taken in bait
traps in Orange County, May 1 and on the increase by May 4. ROSY
APPLE APHID abundant on apples in Columbia County. APPLE APHID
and APPLE GRAIN APHID in abundance in Saratoga County and increas-
ing in Monroe County. During week of April 30 several severe cases of
TWO-SPOTTED SPIDER MITE on strawberries in Suffolk County and
PEAR MIDGE flies numerous in Wayne County. TENT CATERPILLARS
abundant in Saratoga County. CABBAGE MAGGOT flies in cabbage field,
April 30, Nassau County. (Wkly. Rept. ).

=O

WEATHER FOR THE WEEK ENDING MAY 7, 1956

Winterlike conditions doggedly held on in most northern areas last weekas
a series of cold air masses from Canada held daytime temperatures down
in the 40's and 50's and sent the mercury below freezing on most nights.
Owen and Necedah, Wisconsin, reported lows only 3° above zero at the
beginning of the period, and several northeastern stations reported minima
in the 20's on the morning of the 7th. Albany and Buffalo, N. Y., reported
record lows of 31° and 299 respectively, and Freehold, N. Y. had 22° and
heavy frost. Snow fell in the northern Rockies on the 4th and 5th (Cutbank,
Montana, reported 2 inches on ground on latter date), and from the upper
Mississippi Valley to New England on the 6th. Sunday's snowfall in central
and northeastern Wisconsin ranged up to 9 inches at Wausau, and glaze
damaged trees in the southern part of the state on the same day.

The season is about 3 weeks late in northeastern North Dakota, 10 days to
2 weeks late in northern Minnesota, and about 1 to 2 weeks late in the New
England and the Middle Atlantic States. Fruit trees are not yet blooming
in Michigan and no blooms were reported along the East Coast north of
Orange County, N. Y. Spring made good headway in the Southern States
as temperatures averaged'a few degrees above normal for the second con-
secutive week. Maximum temperatures rose above 80° on several days in
the Gulf States and above 90° in the southwestern Border districts. In
middle areas east of the Rockies the week's temperatures averaged about
normal with no unusual extremes. Light to moderate precipitation was
widespread, except in the far Southwest and a few relatively small areas in
southern Missouri and western Illinois where none fell, and heavy amounts
(1 to over 2 inches) were rather general in northern California, central
Montana, southern portions of Minnesota, Wisconsin, and Michigan, New
York City and nearby areas, and from central Texas and eastern portions
of Oklahoma and Kansas to the Atlantic Coast. (Summary Supplied by

U. S. Weather Bureau).

DEPARTMENT, OF AG
al

AGRICULTURAL RESEARCH SERVICE

PLANT PEST CONTROL BRANCH

ECONOMIC INSECT SURVEY SECTION

The Cooperative Economic Insect Report Is
Issued weekly as a service to American Agrl-
culture. Its contentsare compiled from informa-
tion supplied by cooperating State, Federal, and
industrial entomologists and other agricultural
workers. In releasing this material the Branch
serves as a Clearing house and does not assume

responsibility for accuracy of the material.

Reports and inquiries pertaining to this release
should be mailed to:

Economic Insect Survey Section
Plant Pest Control Branch
Agricultural Research Service
United States Department of Agriculture
Washington 25, D. C.

Volume 6 May 18, 1956 Number 20
COOPERATIVE ECONOMIC INSECT REPORT

Highlights of Insect Conditions

EUROPEAN CORN BORER survival counts in Nebraska range from 533 to
10,229 borers per acre. Winter mortality low in Kansas. Pupation 50 per-
cent in southeast Missouri, 12 percent at Carbondale, Illinois. Survival

75 to 90 percent in southern Wisconsin. (p. 411). GRASSHOPPER hatch
continues in western Oklahoma but slowed in Utah. Up to 35 nymphs per
square yard in croplands in southwest Kansas and up to 1d per square yard
in rangelands of this area. (p. 411).

CORN EARWORM larvae active in Arizona, Arkansas and Louisiana.

(p. 411). CHINCH BUG emerging from hibernation in Illinois. (p. 411).
Damaging local infestations of ARMYWORM in Eastern Arkansas. Some
damage in Louisiana also. Small larvae in Tennessee, southern Illinois
and southeast Missouri. (p. 412).

SPOTTED ALFALFA APHID requiring controls at Yuma, Arizona; also in
Salt River Valley. Heavy infestations in southern New Mexico, southwest
Missouri and south central and southeastern Kansas. (p 413). BILLBUGS
unusually heavy in Georgia. (p. 414). BROWN WHEAT MITE becoming
abundant on barley in Pocatello Valley, Utah. (p. 414). ALFALFA
WEEVIL control general in Virginia. Damage to unsprayed alfalfa moder-
ate to heavy in Maryland. Larvae increasing in southern New Jersey.
Adults numerous and larvae appearing in untreated fields in northern and
central Utah. Larvae also active in Otero County, Colorado. (p. 417).

PEA APHID building up in southern New Jersey, generally heavy in Louisi-
ana and damage continues in central Missouri. High counts in areas of
Illinois and Colorado. Moderate to heavy in east central Kansas and above
normal in Utah. (p. 415). YELLOW CLOVER APHID moderate to heavy
in some red clover fields in central Illinois. (p. 415).

MEADOW SPITTLEBUG active in Illinois, Maryland, West Virginia and
Beuran (p. 415). POTATO LEAFHOPPER appearing in Illinois.
(Os Gall).

CODLING MOTH emerging in southern areas of Indiana and Illinois.

(p. 419). First ORIENTAL FRUIT MOTH at Vincennes, Indiana, May 7;
heavier flights than usual in Canyon County, Idaho. (p. 419). EUROPEAN
RED MITE requiring controls at Corvallis, Oregon. Expected to be most
serious pest on apple in Minnesota this year. General infestations in
southern New Jersey. (p. 420).

Additional infestations of MEDITERRANEAN FRUIT FLY reported from

Dade and Broward Counties, Florida. (p. 421). May have outbreak of
CITRUS RUST MITE in Florida if wet weather continues. (p. 421).

TOMATO PSYLLID general in tomato areas of Colorado. COLORADO

410

POTATO BEETLE damaging potatoes in Arkansas, large numbers in
Tennessee and heavy in tomatoes and potatoes in some Georgia counties.
(p. 421). SUGAR BEET ROOT MAGGOT widespread in Larimer and Weld
Counties, Colorado. (p. 422). Outlook for potato-infesting APHIDS in
Maine for 1956. (p. 423). PEA APHID requiring control on Eastern
Shore of Virginia. (p. 424). STRAWBERRY LEAF ROLLER active in
Utah, Oklahoma, Kansas, Indiana and Michigan. (p. 425).

TOBACCO BUDWORM heavy in several Georgia counties; eggs on tobacco
in North Carolina. (p. 425). TOBACCO FLEA BEETLE heavy generally
on newly-set tobacco in eastern North Carolina. (p. 425). HORNWORM
larvae appearing on tobacco in Georgia. (p. 426).

BOLL WEEVIL appearing in cotton fields in Louisiana, Mississippi and
Georgia. (p. 426). 'THRIPS active on cotton in areas of Arizona, Louisi-
ana, Texas and New Mexico. (p. 427).

NEW STATE RECORDS for forest and shade tree insects include SMALLER
EUROPEAN ELM BARK BEETLE from New Mexico. (p. 428), PINE GALL

WEEVIL from Alabama (p. 428), WILLOW SAWFLY from Arkansas.
(p. 428).

SCRE W-WORM infestation reported from Lancaster, South Carolina.
(p. 429).

Due to interest in the Entomology Research Branch publication "A Sampling
Fork for Estimating Populations of Small Arthropods", it is being repro-
duced in this issue in its entirety as a-survey method. (p. 483).

WEATHER SUMMARY. (p. 418).

LIGHT TRAP COLLECTIONS. (p. 4382).

FARK KA OK OK 2 OK KK AE OK KK OK OK OK

Reports in this issue are for the week ending May 11, unless otherwise
designated.

ATl
CEREAL AND FORAGE INSECTS

EUROPEAN CORN BORER (Pyrausta nubilalis) - NEBRASKA - Spring sur-
vey showing low and high borer count per acre as follows: Northeastern
area, 3732 - 10,229; Loup Valley area, 1066 - 7514; central area, 1133 -
6447; southeast area, 533 - 2666; southcentral area, 1599 - 3199. (Ander-
sen). KANSAS - No pupation in northeast counties. Winter mortality in
this area very light. (Eshbaugh). MISSOURI - Pupation averages 50 per-
cent in extreme southeast and 27 percent in central area. No emergence.
(Burdett). ILLINOIS - Twelve percent putation at Carbondale and 20 per-
cent at Ewing, May 8. No pupation at Newton and Champaign, May 11.

(Ill. Ins. Rept. ). WISCONSIN - Dissections of stalks for live larvae
yielded 80 percent in Columbia County, 75 percent in Dane County, 85 per-
cent in Green County and 90 percent in Rock County. (Wis. Coop. Ins.
Surv. ).

GRASSHOPPERS - CALIFORNIA - Hatching last of April in Fresno County.
An estimated 30, 000 acres are involved. (Cal. Coop. Rept.). UTAH -
Hatching continued slowly because of weather. (Knowlton). NEW MEXICO -
Nymphs beginning to show up in light, spotty infestations in pastures in
Taos County. Nymphs also numerous in vacant lots and home gardens in
Las Cruces area. (Durkin). OKLAHOMA - Hatching continuing in western
and panhandle counties. Nymphal populations generally average between

8 and 16 per square yard. Most common species are: Aulocara elliotti,
Ageneotettix deorum, Cordillacris crenulata and Amphitornus coloradus.
Bighty to ninety percent of nymphs are first instars. An accelerated hatch
is expected due to favorable climatic conditions. (Frazier). TEXAS -
Heavy widespread populations hatching in pastures in Collin County. (Dahl-
berg). KANSAS - Survey of cropland areas in Finney, Haskell, Meade and
Seward Counties showed nymphal infestations light and confined to hatching
beds on roadside, fence row, weedy areas and stubble field vegetation.
Melanoplus mexicanus and M. confusus)were dominant species. Nymphal
populations generally averaged 15 to 35 per square yard. in rangeland
areas along Cimarron River in Seward and Meade Counties nymphs gener-
ally averaged 15 or more per square yard. Spotted concentrations in hatch-
ing beds averaging 80 to 100 nymphs or more per square yard. Dominant
rangeland species: Aulocara elliotti, Aqeneotettix deorum, Cordillacris
crenulata, Amphitornus coloradus, Drepanopterna femoratum and a few
each of Melanoplus mexicanus and others. (Frazier).

CORN EARWORM (Heliothis zea) - ARIZONA - Damaging corn in the Yuma
area. (Ariz. Coop. Rept.). ARKANSAS - Larvae light in alfalfa, vetch
and clover; 1 to 2 second to fourth instars per 10 sweeps. (Warren).
LOUISIANA - Larvae per 100 sweeps in crimson and white clover in follow-
ing parishes: 180, Red River; 63, West Feliciana; 40, Tensas; and 27, St.
Landry Parish. Corn earworm and sugarcane borer infesting seedling
corn in Rapides Parish at 50 plants per 100 feet of row. (Oliver).

CHINC H BUG (Blissus leucopterus) - ILLINOIS - Emerging from hiberna-
tion. Found in grain, alfalfa and red clover fields. (Il. Ins. Rept.).
OKLAHOMA - Populations 0 to 3 per plant in corn fields of Adair and Otta-
wa Counties. Damage slight. (Coppock, Campbell).

412

Armyworm as Reported Week Ending —

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ARMYWORM (Pseudaletia unipuncta) - ILLINOIS - Populations low, few
reports on rank grains and grasses in southern area. (Ill. Ins. Rept. }.
MISSOURI - From 2 to 11 small larvae per linear foot of drill row of
barley with an average of 4-5 in the southeast area. Larval numbers in
rye and wheat are somewhat less than in barley. Light moth flight con-
tinues over southern half of State. (Adkisson). TENNESSEE - Very
small larvae present all across State. Difficult to tell seriousness of in-
festations. (Mullett). ARKANSAS - Damaging infestations have appeared
in local areas of southeast and east central Arkansas on small grain.
Numbers variable here and usually very light elsewhere; from 0 to 10-12
per square foot. Insecticides applied some fields in heavier areas.
(Warren). LOUISIANA - Threatening oats in Red River Parish, 1 to 4
per square foot. Two fields of rye grass in East Carroll Parish practi-
cally destroyed, 10 to 40 larvae per square foot. Other lighter infesta-
tions in Natchitoches, Rapides, Red River, Caddo, Richland, West Car-
roll, Madison and Concordia Parishes. (Oliver).

CORN FLEA BEETLE (Chaetocnema pulicaria) - ILLINOIS - Common
throughout southern half of State. Averaging 13 to 100 sweeps in grassy
areas of east southeast. (Ill. Ins. Rept. ). MISSOURI - Moderate to

heavy numbers causing moderate to severe damage to seedling corn over
the southern two-thirds of State. Counts average 4 to 5 per plant in south-
east area and up to 10 to 11 in west central area. (Kyd, Thomas). OKLA-
HOMA - Light damage to young corn in Adair and Ottawa Counties. Popu-
lations ranged from O to 4 per plant. Found in scattered fields in Wagoner

County. (Coppock, Campbell).

SOUTHWESTERN CORN BORER (Zeadiatraea grandiosella) - OKI: AHOMA -
Began pupating in Payne County. (Arbuthnot).

413

SUGARCANE BEETLE (Euetheola rugiceps) - OKLAHOMA - A beetle,
tentatively identified as E. rugiceps, caused damage to corn in Le Flore
County. (Stiles). MISSISSIPPI - Damage to small corn plants in Alcorn,
Claiborne and Hinds Counties. (Bennett, Young). ARKANSAS - Adults
at lights and in light traps in numbers. Some damage to strawberries by
adults. (Warren).

Spotted Alfalfa Aphid Infestation aS Re orted Week Endin i) 11

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SPOTTED ALFALFA APHID - ARIZONA - In the Yuma area, buildup
rapid and insecticide treatment regular. African alfalfa seems to with-
stand attack better than other varieties, especially when kept on adequate
irrigation and given sufficient insecticide treatment. Predators and fungi
seem to be of minor help. In Salt River Valley, a few isolated fields
heavily infested and treatment regular. Twenty fields checked regularly
in region about 20 miles long from Gilbert to West Phoenix. ‘The follow-
ing are average counts per trifoliate leaf: Mar. 1, 0.26; Mar. 7, 0. 38;
Niareelo sO. 30.) Marky Ae ee. Mar S0n 1 sit Apr. 18.02.40 May 2,
2.80. (Ariz. Coop. Rept.). NEW MEXICO - Infestations in Las Cruces
area light to medium with spotty heavy infestations. Buildups expected
on regrowth when first cutting is taken off. Infestation heavy throughout
Eddy County. (Durkin). NEVADA - No specimens collected from inten-
Sive survey in alfalfa fields at Luna in White Pine County. These same
fields infested during September 1955. Light population of lady beetles
and big-eyed bugs. COLORADO - None reported to date. (Ext. Serv.,
Exp. Sta.). MISSOURI - Heavy numbers and damage continue in south-
west area. [Few fields plowed up because of damage. (Kyd, Thomas).
NEBRASKA - None were found in southeastern area. (Connin). OKLA-
HOMA - Most alfalfa fields showing previous extensive damage have low
populations. Limited food supply and heavy lady beetle populations per-
haps most important factors. All fields with appreciable number of
aphids show extensive populations of lady beetles and some fields aphid
Opulations being reduced rapidly. (Coppock). KANSAS - Heaviest in-
estations in south central and SCunlnsesie en areas of Kansas. Populations
of lady beetles increased considerably in southern counties with one re-
port from Montgomery County (Burkhardt) of 400 to 500 lady beetle larvae
per square foot. Additional fields with very light populations found in
Riley, Wabaunsee and PottawatomieCounties. No aphids found in Wash-

414

ington, Republic, Cloud, Ottawa, Saline and Clay Counties in north
central area. (Matthew). ARKANSAS - This species and pea aphid
damaging alfalfa in Izard County. Below economic levels elsewhere.
(Warren).

BILLBUGS - GEORGIA - Unusually heavy infestations this year. (John-
son). Heavy on corn in Stewart County. Approximately 75 percent of
stand destroyed in a 12 acre field, May 8. (Lowry). Heavy infestations
in Roberta County, May 4. (Beckham). Heavy infestations in Taylor
County, May 9. (Reddish).

BROWN WHEAT MITE (Petrobia latens) - UTAH - Larvae becoming
abundant on spring barley in Pocatello Valley. Large scale hatching in
northern Utah wheat fields. (Lieberman). Damage to wheat north of
Holden. (Petersen). OKILAHOMA - Averaged 40 per linear foot of row
in one field of barley in Tulsa County. (Coppock).

GREENBUG (Toxoptera graminum) - MISSOURI - Area of infestation in-
cludes western third of State as far north as St. Joseph. Counts range
from 25 to 300 per linear foot of drill row of wheat. Plants advanced to
stage where populations now present not causing economic damage. (Kyd,
Thomas). OKLAHOMA - Populations in small grains of northeastern and
eastern counties low with exception of spring-planted oats. Severe damage
in scattered fields of oats; however, lady beetles very numerous and
greenbug populations being reduced rapidly. (Coppock, Campbell).

ENGLISH GRAIN APHID (Macrosiphum granarium) - ARIZONA - Causing
concern on wheat in Yuma area. eae oop. Rept. ).

APHIDS - ILLINOIS - Aphids, presumed to be English grain aphid, aver-
aging 20 per square foot in small grains in southwestern Illinois. (Il.
Ins. Rept. ).

CORN LEAF APHID (Rhopalosiphum maidis) - OKLAHOMA - From 0 to
DO per linear foot of row in scattered wheat fields in northeastern area.
(Coppock).

FIELD CRICKETS - NEW MEXICO - Causing damage to young corn plant-
ings in Hidalgo County. (Durkin).

A SOD WEBWORM - KANSAS - Working in pastures, lawns, and seedling
corn fields in Osage, Douglas, Coffey, Franklin, Miami, Johnson and
Allen Counties. Estimated counts of 3 to 4 per square foot to highs of 10
to 15 larvae per square foot reported. Some pastures have areas in
field that failed to green because of larval feeding and lack of soil
moisture. (Matthew).

WHEAT HEAD ARMYWORM (Faronta diffusa) - MISSOURI - Moderately
heavy moth flight over central area. (Kyd, Thomas).

415

LESSER CLOVER LEAF WEEVIL (Hypera nigrirostis) - ILLINOIS - Lar-
vae damaging clover stems throughout southern third to half of State in
minor proportions. In east southeastern area, -11 percent of clover stems
damaged. Adult population varies from O to 1.2 per square foot. (Ill. Ins.
Rept. ). GEORGIA - Infesting crimson clover in Morgan County at 70adults
and 50 larvae per 100 sweeps. (Johnson).

PEA APHID (Macrosiphum pisi)- VIRGINIA - Decrea jon alfalfa, pred-
ators active. (Muka, Rowell). NEW JERSEY - Building up very rapidly
in southern counties. (Merrill). MARYLAND - From 25 to 200 per sweep
on alfalfa on Eastern Shore and from 8 to 50 per Sweep in central counties.
Fungus disease has started to kill aphids on Eastern Shore. (U. Md., Ent.
Dept. ). FLORIDA - Adults and nymphs heavily infesting 300 acres of
white clover at Orlando. Large patches of clover were killed, about 5 per-
cent of area. (Denmark). LOUISIANA - Populations remain generally
heavy in alfalfa, vetch and burclover over State. (Oliver). MISSOURI -
Damage continues over central third of State. High temperatures allowed
tremendous buildup of predators and parasites. Counts from 1000 to 3000
per sweep in fields where predators have not built up. (Kyd, Thomas).
ILLINOIS - Averaging 6,500 per 100 sweeps in east southeast and 800 per
100 sweeps in west southwest areas. Northeastern, western, central and
eastern area populations remain comparatively low. (Ill. Ins. Rept. ).
NEBRASKA - Small numbers in southeastern and south central area; 1 to

2 per 10 sweeps. (Connin). KANSAS - Moderate to heavy infestations
present in alfalfa fields in counties south of Douglas and Johnson Counties
of east central area. Many fields have wilted plants. Lady beetles although
numerous, Still not sufficient to control infestations. Non-economic to light
5) to 40 aphids per 25 sweeps, in alfalfa of Washington, Republic, Cloud,
Clay, Ottawa and Saline Counties. (Matthew). COLORADO - High popula-
tions quite general through eastern and western areas. (Ext. Serv., Exp.
Sta.). UTAH - Generally present in alfalfa fields. Often in above normal
abundance. (Knowlton).

YELLOW CLOVER APHIDS - ILLINOIS - Averaging 20 per 100 sweeps in
southeast. (Ill. Ins. Rept. ). Mo. - Moderate to heavy numbers of Pterocall-
idium trifolii in several fields of red clover in central area. Growth in
some fields being stunted. Counts range from 75 to over 1000 aphids per
plant. (Kyd, Thomas).

SPITTLEBUGS - VIRGINIA - Few present on alfalfa. (Muka, Rowell).
NEW JERSEY - Appears to be much less numerous than previous years.
(Merrill). TENNESSEE - Heavy local infestations of meadow spittlebugs
occurring inalfalfaand clover in eastern area. (Mullett).

MEADOW SPITTLEBUG (Philaenus leucophthalmus) - ILLINOIS - Nymphal
populations varied from 2 to 25 per 100 stems on hay crop. Average popu-
lations in northeastern area was 25 per 100 stems. Highest field averaged
170 per 100 stems. (Ill. Ins. Rept.). MARYLAND - Nymphs averaged 16
per 10 stems on alfalfa in Washington County and 22 per 10 stems on red
clover in Talbot County. Light on clover in Prince Georges County. (U.
Md., Ent. Dept.). WEST VIRGINIA - Second instars active on red clover
Statewide. (Dorsey, Hansen).

416

COWPEA APHID (Aphis medicaginis) - NEW MEXICO - Heavy on burclover
in Dona Ana and De Baca Counties. (Durkin).

TWO-SPOTTED SPIDER MITE (Tetranychus telarius) - NEW MEXICO -
Infestations light to heavy but very spotty in alfalfa fields in Las Cruces
area. (Durkin). i
TARNISHED PLANT BUG (Lygus lineolaris) - ILLINOIS - Populations
averaged 25 adults and 21 nymphs per 100 sweeps in east southeast area.
Adults per 100 sweeps: 21 in west southwestern, 17 in western, 11 in
eastern and 5 in northeastern areas. (Ill. Ins. Rept.). -OKLAHOMA -
Adults in Payne County alfalfa number 9.5 per 100 sweeps. (Fenton).

SWEETCLOVER WEEVIL (Sitona cylindricollis) - UTAH - Conspicuously
marking sweetclover generally in several northern counties. (Knowlton).
SOUTH DAKOTA - Four adults per fifty sweeps in alfalfa field in Grant
County. (Hantsbarger).

VETCH BRUCHID (Bruchus brachialis) - ARKANSAS - Heavy numbers on
vetch as far north as Conway County. (Warren).

CUTWORMS - ILLINOIS - Populations in forage crop fields varied from
Oto 1 per square foot. (Ill. Ins. Rept.). UTAH - Damaging alfalfa.
(Knowlton).

AN INDIGO GALL MOTH (Walshia amorphella) - TEXAS - Heavy local
populations on sweetclover in Hunt County. (Hawkins).

LYGUS BUGS - UTAH - Adults and nymphs generally numerous in alfalfa
and grain fields. (Knowlton). ARIZONA -_Lygus hesperus (mainly)
prevalent in several alfalfa fields in Yuma area; 10 to 20 per 100 sweeps.
(Ariz. Coop. Rept. ).

PAINTED LEAFHOPPER (Endria inimica) - NEBRASKA - Nymphs appear-
ing on alfalfa in southeastern area; 1 to 3 per 10 sweeps. (Connin).

POTATO LEAFHOPPER (Empoasca fabae) - ILLINOIS - Male specimens
taken in Small numbers in western, central and southern areas. Females
of Empoasca sp. have been much more common. (Ill. Ins. Rept. ).

LEAFHOPPERS - OKLAHOMA - Adult female potato leafhoppers 4.5 per
100 sweeps in alfalfa in Payne County. First record for 1956. Adults
and nymphs of Aceratagallia uhleri common in alfalfa in Payne County.
(Fenton). WEST VIRGINIA - Clover leafhopper, 3 to 5 adults per sweep,
on red clover in Randolph County. (Dorsey, Hansen).

MEXICAN BEAN BEETLE (Epilachna varivestis) - NORTH CAROLINA -
Fe eee on alfalfa but no larvae or eggs noted in Johnson County.
Icheheralene)).

ALT

WHEAT STRAW-WORM (Harmolita grandis) - KANSAS - Infestations in
fields of Saline and Ottawa Counties of central area. (Jones).

FALSE WIREWORMS (Eleodes sp.) - SOUTH DAKOTA - Averaging two
larvae per square foot in wheat fields of Faulk County. (Hantsbarger).

SIX-SPOTTED LEAFHOPPER (Macrosteles fascifrons) - ILLINOIS -
Common in grassy areas and in alfalfa fields, May 4. Found throughout
most of State. (Ill. Ins. Rept. )

A THRIPS (Prosopothrips cognatus) - KANSAS - Easily found in wheat
fields in central counties. Heavy infestation in one area in Lincoln
County. (Painter).

WIREWORMS - NORTH DAKOTA - Heavy infestation, 3 to 4 per square
foot, causing severe damage to 30-acre field of spring wheat in Cass
County. (N.D. Ins. Rept. Serv.). SOUTH DAKOTA - Counts from one to
two larvae of Limonius sp. per square foot in wheat and oat fields in north-
eastern counties. (Hantsbarger).

ALFALFA WEEVIL (Hypera postica) - NORTH CAROLINA - Halifax County
added to area of known infestation (Woodard) and reported from Granville
County. (Chamberlin). VIRGINIA - Spraying for control general through
out State. (Muka, Rowell). MARYLAND - Damage to unsprayed alfalfa
from moderate to heavy, Worcester to southern Washington County. Lar-
vae averaged 4 per sweep in Prince Georges County to 25 per sweep in
Worcester County. Very light infestation, northwest Washington County.
Making cocoons on Eastern Shore and in Montgomery County. (U. Md.

Ent. Dept.). NEWJERSEY-Larvae appearing in increasing numbers from
Burlington County south. Many adults in one area of Mercer County indi-
cating there may be more activity than anticipated. (Merrill). IDAHO -
Egg depositing well underway in Idaho Falls area. (Kohl), COLORADO -
Larval counts of 30 per 100 sweeps in Otero County. (Exp. Sta.). UTAH-
Adults numerous on untreated fields in northern and central area. Larvae
appearing generally. (Knowlton). NEVADA - Adults averaging 2 per 10
sweeps in most fields. (Gallaway, May 4).

CLOVER LEAF WEEVIL (Hypera punctata) - ILLINOIS - Populations
throughout State averaged 3 to 7 per square foot on clover. Maximum
populations 15 per square foot. Larvae in cocoons as far north as Liv-
ingston County. Up to 18 percent dying of fungus disease. Damage of
little importance. (Il. Ins. Rept.). MISSOURI - Average of 3 to 5 lar-
vae per plant in few red clover fields along Missouri River. Pupation
just beginning and approximately 15 to 20 percent of larvae show evidence
of a fungus disease. (Kyd, Thomas).

CLOVER ROOT CURCULIO (Sitona hispidula) - WYOMING - One to 4 a-
dults per alfalfa crown in Teton and Lincoln Counties where no control
practiced. (Robb).

A CLOVER WEEVIL (Hypera meles) - GEORGIA - Larvae per 100 sweeps
on crimson clover: Morgan County 250, (Johnson); Fayette County 2400
(Tippin, May 7).

418

ARMY CUTWORM (Chorizagrotis auxiliaris) - NEBRASKA - Small numbers
occur in alfalfa in Knox, Cedar, Boyd, Holt, Antelope, Pierce and Boone
Counties; from one to two per square yard. (Andersen). OKLAHOMA -
From 3 to 15 per square foot in alfalfa in Pottawatomie County. (Stiles).

VARIEGATED CUTWORM (Peridroma margaritosa) - ILLINOIS - Average
1.3 per 100 sweeps in clover and alfalfa fields in east southeastern areas.
(Il. Ins. Rept.). ARKANSAS - Infestations remain much lighter than in
1954-55. (Warren).

SAARI A AR AA A RR RRR RR KK KKK
WEATHER BUREAU'S 30-DAY OUTLOOK
Mid-May to Mid-June
1956

The Weather Bureau's 30-day outlook for the period from mid-May to mid-
June calls for temperatures to average above seasonal normals in the
southeastern quarter of the nation and in the West Coast states. Below
normal temperatures are predicted over the Great Lakes, Northeast, North-
ern Plains, and Central Plateau. In other areas, mean temperatures
should be near normal. Rainfall is expected to exceed normal in the Miss-
ouri and Mississippi Valleys and the Great Lakes Region. Subnormal a-
mounts are indicated west of the Continental Divide and in the Southeast,

and near normal elsewhere. (Released by Weather Bureau, May 14.).

Weather forecast given here is based on the official 30-day "Resume and

Outlook", published twice a month by the Weather Bureau. You can sub-

scribe through Superintendent of Documents, Washington 25, D. C. Price
$4. 80 a year, $2. 40 for six months.

WEATHER FOR THE WEEK ENDING MAY 14,. 1956

Springlike variability characterized the weather of the past week with un-
seasonable cold alternating with extreme warmth, except for the southern
states where agricultural interests welcomed very warm weather following
a period of good rains. ‘Tornadoes dominated the weather headlines with
Michigan and Kansas suffering most although the first tornado of the year
was reported in Minnesota, a Cleveland suburb suffered considerable dam-
age and high winds were reported from western Pennsylvania. ‘The High
Plains and Southwest still suffer from lack of moisture and strong winds
continue to stir up local duststorms.

Precipitation along the west coast has continued rather late in the spring.
Blue Canyon, Calif., reports the second wettest May of record already.
Washington and Oregon also reported continued precipitation with local hail
causing slight damage and a heavy shower above Connell, Washington,
washing out an earth dam on the 8th with 2 feet of water flooding the town.
(Weather continued on page 431,

419

FRUIT INSECTS

CODLING MOTH (Carpocapsa pomonella) - INDIANA - One percent emer-
gence in Vincennes area and about 47 percent of overwintering larvae
have pupated. (Lamansky). ILLINOIS - First emergence at Belleville,
May 6 and May 9 at Carbondale and Anna. (Chandler). COLORADO -
Emerging in numbers week of May 1. (Exp. Sta.). KANSAS - Pupation
abont 5% percent complete in northeastern orchards. (Eshbaugh).

PLUM CURCULIO (Conotrachelus nenuphar) - INDIANA - Difficult to find
by jarring in Lawrence and Orange Counties. (Marshall). ILLINOIS -
Only four curculios jarred from trees to May 9 compared with 30 in 1955
and 102 total in 1954, in unsprayed peach orchard at Mounds, Pulaski
County. (Chandler). GEORGIA - Mature larvae pupating in commercial
orchards. No adults taken but infested drops found in orchards. (Snapp,
|e Ue MICHIGAN - Adults in an abandoned orchard in Baroda, May 8.
Hutson).

ORIENTAL FRUIT MOTH (Grapholitha molesta) - INDIANA - First moth
catch in bait traps May 7 in Vincennes area. (Lamansky). IDAHO -
Heavier than normal flights of moths in peach orchards of Canyon County.
(Vail).

PEAR PSYLLA (Psylla pyricola) - OREGON - Earliest first brood nymphs
transforming to adults in Jackson County, May 9. (Gentner).

RED-BANDED LEAF ROLLER (Argyrotaenia velutinana) - NEW JERSEY -
Moths active throughout State. (Merrill).

APPLE APHID (Aphis pomi) - ILLINOIS - Moderately heavy at Grafton
and Belleville. (Chandler).

APPLE GRAIN APHID (Rhopalosiphum fitchii) - OREGON - Winged forms
beginning to leave pear trees in Jackson Country, May 2. (Gentner).
INDIANA - Abundant in apple orchards in Lawrence and Orange Counties.
(Marshall).

ROSY APPLE APHID (Anuraphis roseus) - INDIANA - Increasing rapidly
and requiring control in Orleans area. (Marshall). ILLINOIS - Much
lighter at Grafton and Belleville, but evidently starting. Predators and
parasites beginning to increase. (Chandler). WEST VIRGINIA - One in-
festation on apple in Jefferson County. (Hamstead).

GREEN PEACH APHID (Myzus persicae) - OREGON - Winged forms be-
ginning to leave peach trees in Jackson County, April 30. (Gentner).

a eae - Heavy on peach trees in Rio Arriba and Valencia Counties.
Durkin).

YELLOW SPIDER MITE (Eotetranychus carpini borealis) - OREGON -
Adults common in apple orchards in Benton County, May 8. An early

occurrence. (Jones).

* 420

TENT CATERPILLARS - NEW YORK - More numerous in Rockland County
this year than in last several years. (Wkly. Rept. ).

EASTERN TENT CATERPILLAR (Malacosoma americanum) - MAINE -
Occurring in apple trees in Manchester and Hebron (Poray) and hatched in
South Bridgton (Hilborn).

EUROPEAN RED MITE (Metatetranychus ulmi) - NEW JERSEY - Hatching
rapidly in southern area. Practically all orchards infested, some with
200-300 larval forms per leaf. (Merrill). INDIANA - All overwintering
eggs in apple orchards in Vincennes area have hatched. On May 8, counts
on 25 leaves was 68 eggs, 14 nymphs and 11 adults. (Lamansky). More
common than Tetranychus telarius on leaves of apples in Lawrence and
Orange Counties. (Marshall). MINNESOTA - Expected to be most serious
pest of apples in 1956. (Minn. Cir. 298). WEST VIRGINIA - Populations
low on apple in Jefferson County. (Hamstead). NEW YORK - Eggs hatch-
ing in Orange and Monroe Counties. (Wkly. Rept.). OREGON - Built up
to economic infestations on peaches in Corvallis area, week of May 6.
Control measures being used. (Jones).

TWO-SPOTTED SPIDER MITE (Tetranychus telarius) - MASSACHUSETTS-
Adults feeding and depositing eggs. Some eggs have hatched. (Crop Pest ~
Cont. Mess. ). OREGON - Adults common in apple orchards in Benton
County, May 8. (Jones).

CLOVER MITE (Bryobia praetiosa) - UTAH - Marking foliage in some
northern orchards and occasionally numerous on undercover legumes.
(Knowlton). OREGON - Abundant on Elberta peaches in Benton County,
May 8. (Jones). MICHIGAN - Rather heavy populations in several back-
yard plantings of fruit trees in Wayne, May 9. (Hutson).

RED-BANDED LEAF ROLLER (Argyrotaenia velutinana) - WEST VIRGINIA -
Populations low on apple in Jefferson County. (Hamstead). NEW YORK -
Moths and egg masses in several orchards, May 10 in Ulster and Orange
Counties. Egg-laying light in Monroe County. (Wkly. Rept. ).

A LEAF MINER (Lithocolletis sp.) - OREGON - Adults plentiful in some
apple orchards in Jackson County and laying eggs on undersides of young
leaves, May 2. (Gentner).

CATFACING INSECTS - INDIANA - Four stink bugs were jarred from five
trees in a commercial orchard in Vincennes area, May 8. (Lamansky).
Stink bugs very active in peach orchards in Lawrence and Orange Counties.
(Marshall). ILLINOIS - Catfacing expected to be less at Mounds. Only
moderate numbers of stink bugs appearing. (Chandler). GEORGIA -
Peaches injured by stinkbugs quitecommon in some commercial orchards.
More numerous this year. (Snapp, May 4). UTAH - Numerous in orchards
where undercover plants abundant. (Knowlton).

421

JUNE BEETLES - SOUTH CAROLINA - Large numbers of Phyllophaga
arkansana on pecans at Cheraw, Chesterfield County, April 80. Det. D
Dunavan. (Gaffney).

SHOT-HOLE BORERS - OREGON - Attacking winter-damaged English
walnuts in McMinnville area, May 7. (Roberts). UTAH - Seriously dam-
aging winter-injured peach trees in a Providence orchard. (Knowlton).

OBLIQUE-BANDED LEAF ROLLER (Archips rosaceana) - OREGON -
Damaging young prune whips in Polk County. (Roberts).

A FROSTED SCALE (Lecanium pruinosum) - CALIFORNIA - Spotted infes-
tation in an English walnut orchard ranged from an occasional mature
adult on a twig unit of 12 inches to a heavy population of females packed
close enough to cause body distortion. Some eggs had developed. (Cal.
Coop. Rept., April).

SIX-SPOTTED MITE (Eotetranychus sexmaculatus) - FLORIDA - Infesta-
tions continued to increase and will reach peak in week or two. (Pratt,
Thompson, Johnson, May 5).

MEDITERRANEAN FRUIT FLY (Ceratitis capitata) - FLORIDA - Found ir
commercial citrus grove four miles west of Davis, Broward County.
Other infestations in Hollywood and Ft. Lauderdale. (Denmark).

CITRUS RUST MITE (Phyllocoptruta oleivora) - FLORIDA - Activity in-
creasing with 66 percent of groves infested. Outbreak expected if wet
weather continues. (Pratt, Thompson, Johnson, May 5).

A FALSE CHINCH BUG (Nysius sp.) - ARIZONA - Large numbers on
eee in citrus grove in Maricopa County and beginning to feed on foliage.
Ariz. Coop. Rept. ).

CITRUS RED MITE (Metatetranychus citri) - FLORIDA - Activity high
with 85 percent of groves infested but aleveling off expected. (Pratt,
Thompson, Johnson, May 5).

CURRANT FRUIT FLY (Epochra canadensis) - OREGON - First emer-
gence in Willamette Valley week of April 15. (Every).

A TINGID (Corythucha sp. )- OREGON - Causing moderate damage to
apples in local areas in Willamette Valley. (Every).

422
TRUCK CROP INSECTS

TOMATO PSYLLID (Paratrioza cockerelli) - COLORADO - Averaging 30
per 100 sweeps on bindweed in Otero and Bent Counties. Distribution gen-
eral in tomato-growing areas, May 3. Adults 10 per 100 sweeps on matri-
mony vine and five per 100 sweeps on bindweed in Larimer County, May 8.
(Exp. Sta. ).

SOUTHERN GREEN STINK BUG (Nezara viridula) - GEORGIA - Heavy in-
festations causing fruit to drop from commercial tomatoes in Tattnall
County. (Johnson, May 4).

SEED- CORN MAGGOT (Hylemya cilicrura) - UTAH - Causing spotted
damage to peas and other large garden seeds in northern area. (Knowlton).
OREGON - Larvae killed 15-20 percent of all seedling sprouts on two 5-
acre plantings of beans, cantaloupes and watermelons in the Milton-F'ree-
water area, May 1. (Brown). NORTH CAROLINA - Severe infestations
locally in tomato and cabbage plants in Warren County. (Scott).

POTATO APHID (Macrosiphum solanifolii) - MARYLAND - Light on newly-
set tomatoes in Somerset County. (U. Md., Ent. Dept.).

LEAF-FOOTED BUG (Leptoglossus phyllopus) - GEORGIA - Heavy infesta-
tions on potatoes in Irwin County. (Leger, May 3).

GREENHOUSE WHITEFLY (Trialeurodes vaporariorum) - PENNSYLVANIA -
Difficult to control on tomatoes in Mifflin and Lawrence Counties. (Adams).

CUTWORMS - MARYLAND - Light damage to tomatoes in Worcester
County. (Use Midi simi De pe...

COLORADO POTATO BEETLE (Leptinotarsa decemlineata) - KANSAS -

In most gardens in the State. (Matthew). ARKANSAS - Damaging potatoes
over State. (Warren). TENNESSEE - Large numbers occurring in State.
(Mullett). GEORGIA - Heavy infestations on potatoes in Baldwin County.
Heavy on tomatoes in Cook and Coffee Counties. (Johnson, May 9). NORTH
CAROLINA - Adults and larvae injuring potatoes in Granville County.
(Chamberlin).

PEA WEEVIL (Bruchus pisorum) - OREGON - Above-normal populations
on peas in Marion County, April 18. (Hanna).

ASPARAGUS BEETLE (Crioceris asSparagi) - OREGON - Infesting
most fields of asparagus in Milton-Freewater area, May 1. (Brown).

SYMPHYLIDS - OREGON - Destroying a new planting of sugar beets in On-
tario, May 3. New host record for State. (Bond).

SUGAR BEET ROOT MAGGOT (Tetanops myopaeformis) - COLORADO -
From 80-90 percent of maggots in pupation, May 3 compared with peak
emergence in 1955 during last week of May. Quite widespread in Larimer
and Weld Counties. (Exp. Sta. ).

¥

423
Abundance of Aphid Eggs on Overwintering Hosts of Potato-infesting Aphids

in Northeastern Maine
A survey was made between April 18 and April 27, 1956 to determine the
abundance of viable aphid eggs of four species of potato-infesting aphids
currently present in northeastern Maine on more important primary hosts.
Eggs of buckthorn aphid (Aphis abbreviata) were found on alder buckthorn
at all of eight sampling stations. Fully-distended eggs were less than two-
thirds as abundant as in spring of 1955. If conditions are favorable, large
buckthorn aphid populations may be expected on potatoes later in summer.
Eggs on Canada plum -- a primary host of green peach aphid (Myzus
persicae ) -- were found in 40 percent of 25 thickets sampled, compared
with 14 of 25 thickets sampled in fall, 1955. Abundance of eggs on this
host js 37 percent of the 10-year spring average. Under existing condi-
tions, very small populations of the green peach aphid are likely to occur
on Canada plum during the spring or on potatoes later in the season. It
could occur more generally in potatoes this year than in 1955 because it
was found breeding in a larger number of thickets in the fall of 1955 than
in 1954. Most of the thickets infested in fall of 1955 were in the southern
half of Aroostook County, so potatoes are expected to be more generally
infested there than elsewhere in the County.

Aphid eggs deposited around buds or in limb crotches of swamp rose -- the
most important primary host of potato aphid (Macrosiphum solanifolii) --
were found at all of the 12 sampling stations. Egg abundance on swamp
rose was 94 percent of the 10-year average or 2.4 times the comparable
figure for 1955. Potato aphids should now be about 2.7 times as numerous
as they were at this time in 1955. With conditions favorable, appreciable
numbers of potato aphids could develop generally on swamp rose and damag-
ing populations could develop later on potatoes. Eggs on hawkweed (Hiera-
cium spp.) -- primary hosts of foxglove aphid (Myzus solani) -- were found
at five of 10 sampling stations. Counts are likely to be considerably below
those of 1955. First-instar stem mothers were found on swamp rose at
Houlton, April 18 and at Ashland, April 20. Hatching was still in progress
April 27. (Shands, Simpson, Wave).

SPRINGTAILS - MARYLAND - Caused light damage to newly-sprouting
beans in Worcester County. Also on broccoli and radishes in Montgomery
County a (Wi Vidi Pat Deot..):

MEXICAN BEAN BEETLE (Epilachna varivestis) - MISSISSIPPI - Adults
on beans in Oktibbeha County. (Hutchins). NORTH CAROLINA - Attacking
bean seedlings in Granville County. (Chamberlin). Prevalent and control
necessary in Duplin County. (Farrier). VIRGINIA - Light on young snap
beans in eastern area. (Brubaker, Greenwood, Hofmaster).

GARDEN SPRINGTAIL (Bourletiella hortensis) - VIRGINIA - Causing
minor injury to young beans, turnips and mustard and to potatoes in eastern
area. (Brubaker, Greenwood, Hofmaster).

424

BEAN LEAF BEETLE (Cerotoma trifurcata) - TENNESSEE - Attacking
early beans. (Mullett). NORTH CAROLINA - Attacking young beans in
Granville County. (Chamberlin). MARYLAND - First adults of season
on snap beans in Worcester and Prince Georges County. (U. Md., Ent.
Dept. ).

CORN EARWORM (Heliothis zea) - ARIZONA - General in one late field
of lettuce at Deer Valley, Maricopa County and causing moderate damage
in a 120-acre untreated field. (Ariz. Ccop. Rept.). COLORADO - Evi-
dence of successful overwintering of larvae in Otero County. (Exp. Sta. ).

FLEA BEETLES - UTAH - Seriously damaging turnips and radishes and
moderately damaging tomatoes and sugar beets in Davis County. (Knowl-
ton, Stokes). COLORADO - Damage from Systena taeniata larvae in
sugar beets in Larimer County. (Exp.Sta.). VIRGINIA - Young turnips
and mustard being injured and increasing amount of injury to potatoes by
Epitrix cucumeris and E. hirtipennis in eastern area. (Brubaker, Green-
wood, Hofmaster). MARYLAND - Average five per plant on potatoes in
Wicomico County and two per plant on newly-set tomatoes in Somerset
County. Light damage. Damaging cabbage and radishes in Montgomery
County. (U. Md., Ent. Dept.). NEW YORK - Attacking newly-set cabbage
in Orange County. (Wkly. Rept. ).

CABBAGE APHID (Brevicoryne brassicae) - VIRGINIA - Some colonies
persist on cabbage in eastern area although colonies reduced by natural
enemies. (Brubaker, Greenwood, Hofmaster).

CABBAGE MAGGOT (Hylemya brassicae) - MASSACHUSETTS - Eggs re-
ported from all parts of State. (Crop Pest Cont. Mess., May 15). Peak
egg-laying will be later than 1955. (Bourne). NEW JERSEY - Adults be-
coming active and a few eggs present. (Merrill).

IMPORTED CABBAGEWORM (Pieris rapae) - NEW JERSEY - Adults num-
erous throughout State. (Merrill). VIRGINIA - Injuring young cabbage in
eastern area. (Brubaker, Greenwood, Hofmaster).

GREEN PEACH APHID (Myzus persicae) - OKLAHOMA - Average of 8.5
per leaf from two spinach fields in Coweta area, Wagoner County. (Cop-
pock). VIRGINIA - Light to moderate numbers on spinach. On older
Spinach considerable parasite and disease activity. (Brubaker, Greenwood,
Hofmaster).

PEA APHID (Macrosiphum pisi) - VIRGINIA - Light to moderate on garden
peas in Norfolk area and requiring control on Eastern Shore in commercial
crops. (Brubaker, Greenwood, Hofmaster).

PEA LEAF WEEVIL (Sitona lineata) - OREGON - Light infestations on peas
in Canby area, May 1. Damage to lower leaves indicates early spring in-
festations. (Hanna).

425

TWO-SPOTTED SPIDER MITE (Tetranychus telarius) - IDAHO - Emerging
from hibernation and causing some injury to raspberries in Moscow area.

(Manis).

TORTOISE BEETLES - MISSISSIPPI - Adults and larvae damaging sweet-
potato leaves in Oktibbeha and Webster Counties. Species most common
are Metriona bivittata, M. bicolor and Chelymorpha cassidea. (Hester).

STRAWBERRY ROOT WEEVIL (Brachyrhinus ovatus) - NORTH CAROLINA -
I.ocal severe infestations in strawberries in Vance County. (Scott, Dogger).

STRAWBERRY LEAF ROLLER (Ancylis comptana fragariae) - UTAH -
Adults abundant in many Weber, Davis and Salt Lake County strawberry
patches. (Knowlton). OKLAHOMA - Light infestation in Adair County.
(Coppock, Campbell). KANSAS - Light infestations in northeastern area.
Some clipping of buds and both eggs and larvae in many injured blossoms.
(Eshbaugh). INDIANA - First brood of larvae hatched and feeding heavily
on berries in Lawrence and Orange Counties. (Marshall). MICHIGAN -
Eggs in a planting at Baroda, May 7. (Hutson).

SPITTLEBUGS - IDAHO - Hatching on strawberries in the Coeur d'Alene
area. Ten to 50 percent of strawberry plants infested. (Barr).

ONION MAGGOT (Hylemya antigua) - NEW JERSEY - Adults becoming
active on onions and requiring control. (Merrill).

OMNIVOROUS LEAF TIER (Cnephasia longana) - OREGON - Light infesta-
tions on strawberries in Woodburn and Hillsboro areas, April 26. (Hanna).

MEADOW SPITTLEBUG (Philaenus leucophthalmus) - OREGON - Scattered
hatching on strawberries on April 25 in southern part of Washington County.
(Hanna). MICHIGAN - Hatching in strawberry bed at Sodus. (Hutson).

TOBACCO INSECTS

TOBACCO BUDWORM (Heliothis virescens) - GEORGIA - Heavy infesta-
tions on tobacco in Worth, Tift, Berrien, Cook, Lowndes, Lanier, Atkin-
Son, Cotiee and Melfair Counties. General throughout tobacco area.
(Johnson, May 9). NORTH CAROLINA - First eggs of season on tobacco,
May 10. (Lawson).

TOBACCO FLEA BEETLE (Epitrix hirtipennis) - GEORGIA - Moderate in-
festations in Worth County. (Johnson, May 9). NORTH CAROLINA - Heavy
generally on newly-set tobacco in Edgecomb, Nash, Pitt, Wilson, Greene,
Columbus and Johnston Counties. (Guthrie).

CUTWORMS - NORTH CAROLINA - From 10-15 percent of tobacco plants
cut in a field of Robeson County. (Jones).

426

HORNWORMS (Protoparce spp. ) - GEORGIA - Light infestations on tobacco
in Worth and Tift Counties. First report of year. (Johnson, May 8).

GREEN PEACH APHID (Myzus persicae) - GEORGIA - Moderate infesta-
tions in Berrien County. Light infestations in Worth, Tift, Cook, Lowndes,
Lanier and Atkinson Counties. (Johnson, May 9).

SOUTHERN GREEN STINK BUG (Nezara viridula) - GEORGIA - Heavy in-
festations in Worth, Tift, Berrien, Cook, Lowndes, Lanier, Atkinson,
Coffee and Telfair Counties. General throughout tobacco belt. (Johnson,
May 10).

VEGETABLE WEEVIL (Listroderes costirostris obliquus) - NORTH CARO-
LINA - Few reports of plant bed damage in Granville County. (Chamberlin).

COTTON INSECTS

BOLL WEEVIL (Anthonomus grandis) - TEXAS - Control programs under-
way in lower Rio Grande Valley. Two fields north of Santa Rosa had heavy
infestation. (Deer). Survival as of May 11 in McLennan and Falls Counties,
Texas was 0.04 compared with 2.4 in 1955. (Parencia et al.). LOUISIANA -
Beginning to occur on cotton in several fields in northeastern area. (Oliver).
Percent survival in cages to May 11 at Tallulah was 0.78. (Gaines,
Pfrimmer et al.).. MISSISSIPPI - Live weevils in cotton fields in Amite
County. (Bennett). GEORGIA - Heavy infestations in Burke and Tift Coun-
ties. (Morgan, May 9).

BOLLWORMS - TEXAS - Found in most fields of lower Rio Grande Valley.
Most larvae large and few eggs found, indicating injury may disappear.
(Deer).

PINK BOLIL.WORM (Pectinophora gossypiella) - TEXAS - Rosetting a few
blooms in lower Rio Grande Valley. (Deer). Emergence in tests in
McLennan and Falls Counties was 501 compared with 3697 in 1955. (Par-
encia et al. ).

SPIDER MITES - TEXAS - A few in most fields in lower Rio Grande Valley.
(Deer).

APHIDS - ARIZONA - Light but general on check plots at Yuma, Tempe and
Bowie. Good populations of predators, mainly Hippodamia sp. (Ariz. Coop.
Rept.). NEW MEXICO - Light to medium infestations on cotton in Las
Cruces area. (Durkin). TEXAS - Declined in lower Rio Grande Valley,

but a few fields requiring control. (Deer). LOUISIANA - Aphids in Tallu-
lah area average 24 per 20 plants and present in five of six fields examined.
(Gaines, Pfrimmer et al. ).

WIRE WORMS - SOUTH CAROLINA - Infestation, probably Conoderus falli
injured 30 percent of plants near Estill, Hampton County, May 2. Det. D.
Dunavan. (Huff).

427

THRIPS - ARIZONA - From 1-2 per plant at Yuma, May 1 on 2 1/2 acre
check plot and very abundant Yuma area, May 7, averaging 10 or more per
plant. (Ariz. Coop. Rept.). LOUISIANA - In four of six fields examined
and light in most fields at the rate of 7.4 per 20 plants. (Gaines, Pfrimmer,
et al.). TEXAS - Considerable increase in McLennan and Falls Counties.
Injurious infestations in seven of 13 fields inspected. Infestations ranged
from 0.2 to 4.6 per plant. (Parencia et al.). MISSISSIPPI - Light to
medium damage some fields. Some fields treated in south delta area.
(Merk! et al.). NEW MEXICO - Infestations of Frankliniella sp. and
Thrips tabaci reported in some cotton fields near Las Cruces but popula-
tions low. (Durkin).

COTTON FLEAHOPPER (Psallus seriatus) - TEXAS - Emergence in hiber-
nation cages in McLennan and Falls Counties increasing since rains.
Seasonal emergence to May 11 is 28,915 compared with 22, 488 in 1955.
(Parencia et al.). ARKANSAS - Adults collected from roadsides in Clark
County. Upto 10 per sweep. In complex with tarnished plant bug. (War-
ren).

BEET ARMY WORM (Laphygqma exigua) - ARIZONA - Larvae in second in-
star at 1-2 per plant in check plot at Yuma, May 1 and causing minor
damage in restricted parts of field. Very light damage on test plots at
Tempe and Bowie. (Ariz. Coop. Rept.). NEW MEXICO - One light in-
festation in cotton in Las Cruces area. (Durkin).

CUTWORMS - LOUISIANA - Peridroma margaritosa severely damaging
localized spots of cotton in Caddo Parish. Apparently migrating into cotton
from vetch fields plowed under. (Oliver). MISSISSIPPI - Agrotis ypsilon
and Peridroma margaritosa caused damage in many fields where cotton
followed spinach or other cover crops. (Merkl et al. ).

BLACK CUT WORM (Agrotis ypsilon) - MISSISSIPPI - Serious damage to
Small cotton in Bolivar and Washington Counties. (Hunsucker, May 4).
Causing damage to small plants in southern area and in delta. (Bennett).

A SERPENTINE LEAF MINER (Liriomyza sp.) - ARIZONA - Moderate
but sub-economic on parts of 10 acres of cotton at Tempe, Maricopa
County. (Ariz. Coop. Rept. ).

FOREST, ORNAMENTAL AND SHADE TREE INSECTS

EUROPEAN PINE SHOOT MOTH (Rhyacionia buoliana) - WISCONSIN - Re-
ported on mugho pine in Door County for first time. (Chambers).

PINE SAWFLIES - MARYLAND -_Neodiprion pratti pratti larvae feeding
extensively on Virginia pine in Montgomery and Howard Counties. (U. Md. ;
Fmt. Dept.). ARKANSAS - Neodiprion taedae linearis larvae mature in
most areas of infestation. Feeding locally severe in Fordyce area. Two-
hundred acres treated with satisfactory results. (Warren).

428

SMALLER EUROPEAN ELM BARK BEETLE (Scolytus multistriatus) -
NEW MEXICO - One dead specimen collected from Chinese elm in Albu-
querque. (Massey). First report of this species from New Mexico.

COOLEY SPRUCE GALL APHID (Chermes cooleyi) - IDAHO - Hatching
occurring in Lewiston area on red fir. (Portman).

BLACK TURPENTINE BEETLE (Dendroctonus terebrans) - ARKANSAS -
Strong indication that populations becoming more prevalent in southern area
pine timber stands. (Ark. Forestry Comm., May ‘).

BIRCH LEAF MINER (Fenusa pusilla) - RHODE ISLAND - Adults active
and ovipositing on scattered trees in Cranston. (Mathewson).

PINE GALL WEEVIL (Podapion gallicola) - ALABAMA - Taken from galls
on pine in Auburn area. Determined R. E. Warner. (Pearson). First
report of this species from Alabama.

NANTUCKET PINE MOTH (Rhyacionia frustrana) - MISSISSIPPI - Larvae
feeding on pine twigs in Jasper County. (Hutchins).

PINE BARK WEEVILS - ARKANSAS - Widely scattered activity in southern
area. Some activity in Ashley County. (Ark. Forestry Comm., May 7).

PINE ENGRAVER (Ips pini) - PENNSYLVANIA - Adults in trees in numer-
ous plantations generally, in Bedford and Juniata Counties. (Udine).

PINE LEAF APHIDS - ARKANSAS - Some increase in activity reported and
some heavy infestation in southwestern Ashley County but natural control
sufficient to check infestations. (Ark. Forestry Comm., May 7).

PINE NEEDLE SCALE (Phenacaspis pinifoliae) - PENNSYLVANIA - Severe
on ornamental spruce planting and an occasional three to four-year-old
Scotch pine attacked in Bedford County. (Udine).

PINE TORTOISE SCALE (Toumeyella numismaticum) - PENNSYLVANIA -
Moderate infestations on Scotch pine plantation in Bedford County. (Udine).

TULIPTREE SCALE (Toumeyella liriodendri) - PENNSYLVANIA - Heavy
infestations on native tuliptrees in Juniata County. Branches completely
covered. (Udine).

WILLOW SAWF LY (Nematus ventralis) - ARKANSAS - Attacking willow in
Washington-Benton area. First report for State. (Warren).

HOLLY LEAF MINER (Phytomyza ilicis) - OREGON - Adults began emer-
gence in Portland area week of May 5. (Larson).

A HOLLY BUD MOTH (Rhopobota naevana ilicifoliana) - OREGON - Larvae
about 3/16 inch long and feeding on developing buds of holly in Multnomah
and Clackamas Counties, May 4. (Larson).

429

MULBERRY WHITEFLY (Tetraleurodes mori) - NORTH CAROLINA -
From 15-20 pupae per leaf on Kalmia latifolia in a local infestation in
Buncombe County. (Palmer).

A LEAF ROLLER (Fascista cercerisyella) - OKLAHOMA - First-instar
larvae abundant on redbud in Payne County. (Fenton).

CITRUS RED MITE (Metatetranychus citri) - NORTH CAROLINA - Local
defoliation of Fleagnus punctata in Wake County. (Farrier).

BOXWOOD PSYLLID (Psylla buxi) - MARYLAND - Cupping of leaves on
boxwood in Montgomery County. (U. Md., Ent. Dept.).

BOXWOOD LEAF MINER (Monarthropalpus buxi) - RHODE ISLAND - Heavy
infestation on several plants in Johnston. (Mathewson). WEST VIRGINIA -
Extremely heavy infestation on boxwood in Jefferson and Berkeley Coun-
ties. (Dorsey, Hansen).

BOXELDER APHID (Periphyllus negundinis) - NEW MEXICO - Infesting
boxelder trees at State College. (Durkin).

APHIDS - OKLAHOMA - Abundant on ornamentals throughout State.
(Thomas, Flora). An aphid tentatively identified as Longistigma caryae
common on Chinese elm in Vinita area. (Coppock, Campbell). UTAH -
Curling snowball leaves quite generally in northern and central areas.
(Knowlton). MARYLAND - Abundant on roses in Montgomery and Prince

Georges Counties. (U. Md., Ent. Dept.). NEW MEXICO - In complex
with mites heavy on ornamentals in Las Cruces area. (Durkin).

INSECTS AFFECTING MAN AND ANIMALS

SCRE W- WORM (Callitroga hominivorax) - SOUTH CAROLINA - Severe
attack in six hereford steers at Lancaster. Steers were dehorned
April 19 and no smear used, resulting in worst infestation seen. (DeBruhl).

FLIES - ARIZONA - Flies, mainly Musca domestica population indices of
two small towns in southeastern Maricopa and northwestern Pinal Counties
average of five highest grill counts in nine blocks, April 29-May 5: 34. 0.
(Ariz. Coop. Rept.). UTAH - House flies and blow flies numerous gen-
erally for this time of year. (Knowlton).

TABANIDS - NORTH CAROLINA - Numerous in flight in New Hanover
County. (Cromroy).

ae FLIES - NORTH CAROLINA - Biting on Wrightsville Beach. (Crom-
roy).

WOOL MAGGOTS - SOUTH CAROLINA - Number one sheep pest in Pied-
mont Area. (Cato, May 2).

430

MOSQUITOES - UTAH - Populations, largely Aedes dorsalis, annoying in
the Bountiful area. (Knowlton). NORTH CAROLINA - Adults of Aedes
sollicitans flying in Wilmington area, week of April 20. Biting counts per
Square foot per minute, week ending May 4: Whalebone, Dare County, 168
in sheltered area and 60 in wind; Manteo, Dare County, 11. Biting counts
in Wilmington area week of May 10 were 23 per square foot per 10 minutes
Larvae numerous in potholes at Palmico Beach. (Cromroy).

CATTLE LICE - TEXAS - Medium, widespread infestations on beef cattle
in Hall County. Spraying underway. (Hooser).

SHEEP KED (Melophagus ovinus) - SOUTH CAROLINA - Number two sheep
pest of Piedmont area. (Cato, May 2).

TICKS - MISSOURI - Couuts of Amblyomma americanum with a few Derma-
centor variabilis on livestock in Shannon County range from 80 to slightly
over 200 per head. A. americanum more common than last year in Ozarks.
(Wingo).

BENEFICIAL INSECTS

LADY BEETLES - ILLINOIS - Adults at 36 per 100 sweeps in east south-
eastern area in forage crops and 15 in western and west southwestern
areas.) Gill: ainss sRepta):

BIG-EYED BUGS - NEVADA - Numerous in fields infested with pea aphid
in Fernley district. (Gallaway).

MISCELLANEOUS INSECT»

CARPET BEETLES (Anthrenus spp.) - IDAHO - A number of reports re-
ceived of infestations in homes in Idaho Falls area. (Kohl). RHODE IS-
LAND - Heavy infestations of Attagenus piceus in sub-flooring of Wake-
field tues Cause of many inquiries in past month over State. (Caroselli,
Steve).

EASTERN SUBTERRANEAN TERMITE (Reticulitermes flavipes) - NORTH
CAROLINA - Reports from Davie, Buncombe and Chatham Counties.
(Jones, Wright). RHODE ISLAND - Extensive swarming in large numbers
throughout State from February to May. (Caroselli).

ELM LEAF BEETLE (Galerucella xanthomelaena) - PENNSYLVANIA -
Considerable abundance. (Adams).

OLD HOUSE BORER (Hylotrupes bajulus) - RHODE ISLAND - Light infesta-
tion in attic rafters of Wakefield home and in sub-flooring of West Kingston
residence. Larvae received from East Greenwich and Hamilton areas.
(Caroselli, Steve).

431

CLOVER MITE (Bryobia praetiosa) - NORTH DAKOTA - Numerous and
invading homes at Dickinson, Stark County. (N. D. Ins. Rept. Serv. ).
PENNSYLVANIA - Considerable abundance. (Adams). WISCONSIN -
Annoying to humans in Milwaukee and Grant Counties. (Chambers).

KC IE KC AE 2 EE EE AE OE EK AE OK A A A EE OK KK OK 2 KK 2K OK 2K OK EK

Weather continued from p. 418.

The Rocky Mountain area and High Plains reported little or no precipita-
tion except scattered showers in the mountains. ‘he upper Mississippi
Valley and Great Lakes area received the heaviest precipitation of the
week with over 4 inches locally in west-central Michigan. Local flooding
was reported in the Michigan area.. Generous rains fell in the northern
Appalachians and New England while dry weather except for local areas
continues east of the Appalachians. Generally above normal temperatures
prevailed east of the Rocky Mountains except along the northern border
and in New England. The center of maximum positive departures from
normal was located in eastern Kansas with +12°, with a large area show-
ing a+6° departure. West of the Continental Divide temperatures were
below normal with the greatest negative departure -99. Although the gen-
eral picture is obtained from averages for the week the temperatures were
generally quite variable. For example, North Carolina reported local
freezes on Tuesday and Wednesday followed by temperatures in the 90° by
the close of the week. California reported cold and showery weather
through the llth and then warm and sunny. Only the Gulf States remained
consistently above normal.

On the 12th more than 20 funnel clouds were reported from lower Michigan,
and severe thunder storms extended into northern Ohio and as far east as
western Pennsylvania. The severest tornado occurred at Flint, Michigan,
killing 4 and injuring at least 70 persons. A tornado at Ithaca, Michigan,
reportedly killed 1 person and did considerable damage, and 1 at Laings-
burg, Michigan, where 15 buildings were destroyed. At Cleveland, Ohio
70 m.p.h., winds caused extensive property damage with 2 persons re-
ported killed and 8 injured. Earlier in the week a verified tornado at
Rushmore, Minnesota, (the first in Minnesota this year)-caused an esti-
mated $100, 000 property damage, and later, on the 13th, tornadoes were
Dee in southern Kansas. (Summary Supplied by U. 8S. Weather
Bureau).

432

LIGHT TRAP COLLECTIONS Pseud. Agrotis Prod. Perid. Feltia Heliothis Protoparce
unipun. ypsilon ornith. marg. subt. zea viresc. sexta quinq.

SOUTH DAKOTA

Brookings 5/7-10 13 12
WISCONSIN
DeForest 5/9-10 5 1
INDIANA
Vincennes* To 5/8 61
ILLINOIS
Urbana 5/4-10 68 4
KANSAS
Manhattan 5/10-12 75 6
Wathena 5/5-9 5 BRB}
Hays 5/1-5 3
MISSOURI
Columbia 5/5-11 20 1 1
_ TENNESSEE (Counties)
Shelby 5/1-6 225 62 20
Madison 126 20 tats
Maury 119 4 4 4
Robertson 66 8 8
Knox 45 21 6
Greene 123 16 4 12
Blount 134 32 8
TEXAS
Beaumont 4/16-30 35 19 33 13 18 2
Waco 5/b5-11 13 4 9 3
ARKANSAS
Hope 5/4-10 36 18 20 33
Van Buren |5/3-10 i)
Varner 5/3-6 2 14 4 6
Fayetteville 5/5-11 39 27 19 75
LOUISIANA
Tallulah* 5/5-11 13 86 103 14 29 23 4 33 3
Baton Rouge 5/5-11 53 19 88 12 127 13
Franklin 5/5-11 9 19 12 5 26 10
MISSISSIPPI (Counties)
_Coahoma 5/5-11 124 31 20 21 2 23 2
Humphreys 1 3 3 it il 1
Lauderdale 10 ih 4
Oktibbeha 14 5 24 1 3 18 4
Washington* 93 85 32 11
ALABAMA
Auburn 32 8 7 3 1 1
GEORGIA (Counties)
Tift 4/29-5/5 15 7 29 Sill 2 24 8
Spalding 4/30-5/4 1} 1 2 27 1
FLORIDA
Belle Glade 4/17-24 3 1
Homestead 4/12-5/5 27
Lakeland 4/25-5/3 3 78 5
Monticello 4/17-5/2 3 2 1
Sanford 4/13-5/1 3 3 8
SOUTH CAROLINA (Counties)
Charleston 4/23-29 3 2 6 6 3
Florence 4/28-5/4 13 7 3 2 14 39
Oconee 5/6-12 7
MARYLAND (County)
Montgomery 5/1-10 19 8 il 1

Other Collections: COLORADO - (Rocky Ford, 4/29-5/2): Chorizagrotis auxiliaris, 51; Scotogramma
trifolii, 50; Loxostege sticticalis, 192.

*Five traps, Vincennes; three traps, Tallulah; two traps, Washington County.

433

March 1956 ARS-33-18

United States Department of Agriculture
Agricultural Research Service

A SAMPLING FORK FOR ESTIMATING POPULATIONS
OF SMALL ARTHROPODS

By Charles F. Henderson, Entomology Research Branenl!

When studies of the biology, ecology, and control of the brown wheat
mite (Petrobia latens (MUull.)) were planned, it was first necessary to
develop a method of estimating mite populations on various small
grains. The first method tried was to dislodge the mites by brushing
the host plant back and forth with the hand, and to count those that fell
on a white card held beneath the foliage. These mites readily fall to
the ground when the plant upon which they are feeding is disturbed.
However, this procedure was too slow where large numbers of small-
unit samples had to be taken quickly under comparable conditions of
temperature, light, and time of day. Population estimates in plots
sampled early in the day were not comparable with those taken later.
Furthermore, a method was desired in which the samples could be
taken to the laboratory and the mites counted under more favorable
conditions. The apparatus and technique developed for these studies
are described herein.

Description of Fork

In the fall or winter when the plants are small, the most satisfactory
population estimates may be made by counting the mites on the foliage
of 1-foot sections of planted row, with a head binocular (fig. 1). In the
Spring and summer after the plants had begun their upright growth,
the mites were caused to drop from foliage to adhesive-covered glass
slides held in a galvanized-iron sampling fork (fig. 2), similar to one
described by Lawson (1). This fork consists of four tines attached to
a tubular steel handle that extends from the base at an angle of about
15 degrees. Around the edge of each tine is a retaining rim. The
points of the tines are beveled on the bottom to prevent them from
digging into the ground when the fork is pushed along the soil surface.
The slides are of single-strength window glass, and just large enough
to slip into the rectangular chamber of the tine.

ay) In cooperation with the Kansas and Oklahoma Agricultural Experi-
ment Stations. Contribution No. 655, Department of Entomology, Kansas
Agricultural Experiment Station.

434

For convenience in handling, four slides are placed in an aluminum
clip which has the ends turned back over the slides so that the glass
surfaces willnot touch when several clips are stacked (fig. 3). Two
upturned stops on the back margin of the clip prevent the slides from
falling out. While held in the clip, the upper surfaces of the four slides
are coated by brushing with a hot mixture of mineral oil and vaseline.
The proportion of the two ingredients depends upon field temperatures.
The mixture should be fluid enough to spread uniformly in a thin film
over the slide without showing brush marks, but firm enough not to
flow under high temperatures. Brush marks greatly hinder the counting,
as only those mites directly above white areas showing through the glass
slides are counted, and the uneven refraction of light through irregular
adhesive surfaces obscures the outline of these areas. Three parts of
mineral oil to one of vaseline is satisfactory; the proportion of vaseline
is increased with higher temperatures and decreased with lower ones.
The mixture may be applied cold, but it is more difficult to avoid leaving
brush marks when applying a thin film.

After the slides have been coated, they are stacked in one side of a
metal slide box (fig. 4). This box has two compartments--one for
carrying the clean, coated slides to the field and the other for holding
the slides after the mites have been collected. Three of these slide
boxes are placed in a metal case for carrying to the field (fig. 5). A
large number of the slides may be coated and held indefinitely in these
carrying cases for future sampling.

In the field to be sampled a slide box is removed from the carrying
case and taken to the sampling site. A clip of slides is taken from
the box and rested on the flat surface of the fork. The slides are then
removed individually from the clip and inserted in the tines of the fork
with the adhesive surface on top, being held in position by the retaining
rim (fig. 6). The sampling fork is then ready for use.

Using the Fork

The fork containing the coated slides is inserted through the base
of the plant at ground level (fig. 7), and the foliage is disturbed by
brushing with the hand so that the mites will drop to the ground; those
that fall on the slides are held by the adhesive. The fork is then with-
drawn and the slides are replaced in the clip. The bottom or outside
top margin of the clip is labeled with a lead pencil as to sampling site,
date, host, or other desired data. The clip of slides is then returned
to the holding box, and when all the collections have been made the box
is placed in the carrying case and brought back to the laboratory for
counting. The samples may be held in good condition for many days
in the refrigerator.

435

Counting the Mites

For counting the specimens a thin transparent celluloid card is
inserted between the glass slides and the metal clip. This counting
card (fig. 8) has four white areas 1/4 or 1/8 inch wide and 41/4 inches
long, so arranged that they will coincide with the approximate centers
of the four slides when the card is shoved tightly against the retaining
stops. The white areas may be made with plastic paint or plastic tape.
Counting is done with reflected light from an ordinary microscope lamp.

When a card containing 1/4-inch strips is used, each slide represents
a sample area of 1.06 square inches, and each fork 4.25 square inches
(approximately 1 inch of planted row). When a 1/8-inch strip is used,
one-half these areas are represented. No statistical differences were
observed between counts made with the two areas. Other types of
counting patterns may be used, such as four 1/4- by 1-inch areas placed
one above the other in the center or run diagonally across the card.

The differences between such patterns did not exceed 4 percent.

If the number of mites present over the counting area is not suf-
ficient for an adequate count, the entire slide may be examined under
lower power. Furthermore, where low populations occur or slide-
carrying space is limited, as on an extended survey, a composite sample
may be taken on a single set of four slides, and so labeled.

After the counts have been completed, the slides are placed ina
cylindrical wire screen basket and submerged in a solvent (fig. 9) where
they are agitated a few times and then allowed to soak to dissolve the
mineral oil and vaseline. The clean slides may then be wiped with a rag
or placed in hot water and spread out on a rack to dry. If cleaner slides
are desired, they may be agitated in hot, soapy water after being removed
from the solvent, and then rinsed in hot water. The metal clips are cleaned
by wiping with a rag moistened with solvent, or soaking in the solvent and
then wiping.

Other Uses of the Sampling Fork

The sampling fork was found to be very satisfactory for estimating
populations of the spotted alfalfa aphid and various species of thrips
and other insects found in alfalfa fields. However, the optimum pro-
portion of mineral oil and vaseline varies with the insects being col-
lected. For example, a 5 to 1 mixture retained practically all the
aphids, whereas a few were able to escape when 3 parts of mineral
oil to 1 part of vaseline was used. When several species are present,
the proportion should be the one that will catch those insects most
likely to escape. By this procedure the fork should be practicable for
sampling any small athropod attacking small grains that has a tendency
to fall when the plant is disturbed.

436

The color of the counting area on the celluloid card should vary
with the color of the insect. For example, for the spotted alfalfa aphid,
which is pale greenish yellow, a dark background should be used. For
the brown wheat mite and other dark species a white background is
the most satisfactory.

Literature Cited

(1) Lawson, F. R., D. E. Fox, and W. C. Cook
1941. Three new devices for measuring insect populations.
U.S. Bur. Ent. and Plant Quar. E-183, 6 pp.

437

Figure 1.--Counting brown
wheat mites on small wheat
plants in 1-foot sections

of planted row with head
binocular.

Figure 2.--Sampling fork
for collecting brown wheat
mites from foliage of
small grains for counting.

Figure 3.--A, glass slides;
B, aluminum clip; C, glass
slides in clip ready for
application of adhesive.

438

Figure 4.--Slide box for
carrying clips of coated
slides to sampling site;
A, front view showing
empty slides stacked in
front compartment; B,
side view; C, front view
showing slides in rear
compartment after col-
lections have been taken.

Figure 5.--Carrying case
for holding three slide
boxes.

Figure 6.--Inserting coated
slides in tines of sampling
fork before taking collec-
tion.

439

Figure 7.--Sampling clump
of grass for populations
of brown wheat mite.

Figure 8.--Celluloid counting
card inserted between glass
slides and metal clip.

White counting areas are
1/4 inch wide.

Figure 9.--Apparatus used
in cleaning slides: A,
Wire basket of clips ready
for soaking in solvent; B,
basket of clips; C, cream
can containing solvent for
cleaning slides; D, solvent
for cleaning clips.

RSV =
» Se

AGRICULTURAL RESEARCH SERVICE

PLANT PEST CONTROL BRANCH

ECONOMIC INSECT SURVEY SECTION

The Cooperative Economic Insect Report Is
Issued weekly as a service to American Agrl-
culture. Its contentsare compiled from informa-
tion supplied by cooperating State, Federal, and
industrial entomologists and other agricultural
workers. In releasing this material the Branch
serves as a clearing house and does not assume

responsibility for accuracy of the material.

Reports and inquiries pertaining to this release
should be mailed to:

Economic Insect Survey Section
Plant Pest Control Branch
Agricultural Research Service
United States Department of Agriculture
Washington 25, D. C.

Volume 6 May 25, 1956 Number 21
COO Ph AE WVer EC OMOMle NSEC iW RE POR
Highlights of Insect Conditions

ERUROPEAN CORN BORER survival 75-95 percent some counties of
Wisconsin and potential carryover greater than past few years. Winter
survival 21 percent in North Dakota. Survey in Iowa shows less than
one-half live borers per square yard than in spring, 1955. (p.443 ).
GRASSHOPPERS increased in rangeland in California. Up to 100 per
square yard in some sections of south central Kansas with hatch in
progress over the State. (p.443). MORMON CRICKET hatching in
several counties of Utah. (p. 448).

ARMY WORM locally severe in northeastern Arkansas. Migrating in
Lincoln County, North Carolina. Appearing in barley in Maryland. (p.444).
ENGLISH GRAIN APHID and APPLE GRAIN APHID more widespread

than usual in California and injurious populations in Washington County,
Utah. (p. 445 ). GREENBUG up to 200 per foot of drill row in barley

and wheat in western half of Missouri. (p.445). CORN FLEA BEETLE
continues in central and western Missouri and attacking early sweet

corn at Columbus, Ohio. (p.446). BILILBUGS severe at Sumter, South
Carolina and damaging corn in an area of Santa Cruz County, Arizona.

(p. 446).

BRONZED CUTWORM causing heavy damage to bluegrass pastures in
several counties of Missouri and about two per square foot in bluegrass,
in Clark County, Kentucky. (p.446). CUTWORMS destroying large areas
of pastures in drought areas of Missouri and damaging alfalfa in Kane
County, Utah. (p.449).

SPOTTED ALFALFA APHID infestations heavy in some alfalfa fields in
San Diego County, California. (p.447 ). Reducing stands in untreated
alfalfa of Brazos and Burleson Counties, Texas and infestations heavy

in Lamar County. First alfalfa cuttings not made due to damage in
several counties of Oklahoma. Populations reduced in Kansas and
Missouri. (p. 448). PEA APHID heavy in alfalfa over central and northern
third of Missouri. Building up in Iowa and Pennsylvania and increasing
greatly in Illinois. Threatening peas in Wisconsin (p. 448).

ALFALFA WEEVIL causing severe injury to alfalfa in southeastern
Pennsylvania and damage to untreated alfalfa in Maryland heavy to
severe. (p. 450). LESSER CLOVER LEAF WEEVIL destructive to red
clover throughout Kent and Sussex Counties, Delaware. (p. 451). Heavy
migration of SIX-SPOTTED LEAFHOPPER in Wisconsin. (p. 452).
VETCH BRUCHID heavy in many vetch fields of Arkansas. (p. 452).

CODLING MOTH adults emerging in orchards in Delaware, Indiana,
Missouri and Oregon. (p. 453). EUROPEAN RED, MITE hatching in
Northeast and increasing in northern Virginia, in Indiana and heavy in
untreated orchards in Wenatchee area of Washington. (p. 458).

- 442 -

TWO-SPOTTED SPIDER MITE increasing on apples in Lawrence and
Orange Counties, Indiana. (p. 453). Up to 3000 APPLE RUST MITE

per leaf on untreated apples near Wenatchee. (p. 453). Heavy infestations
of PEAR LEAF BLISTER MITE in untreated pear orchards near
Wenatchee, Washington. PLUM CURCULIO attacking apples and peaches
in Delaware and apples in Virginia and Illinois. (p. 455). ORIENTAL
FRUIT MOTH causing twig injury to peaches in New Jersey and North
Carolina. CLOVER MITE damaging to orchards in New Harmony, Utah
and Napa County, California. OLIVE SCALE causing medium to severe
damage to olives in Tulare County, California. (p. 456). MEDITERRAN-
EAN FRUIT FLY infested area extended in Dade County and findings
confirmed at Belle Glade, Florida. (p. 457).

COLORADO POTATO BEETLE severely damaging potatoes and tomatoes
in some areas of Chesterfield County, Virginia and very heavy in some
fields near Moses Lake, Washington. Conditions favorable for migration
of POTATO PSYLLID in Larimer County, Colorado. POTATO FLEA
BEETLE building up on potatoes in Delaware and injuring potatoes and
tomatoes in eastern Virginia. STINK BUGS heavy in tomatoes in
Tattnall County, Georgia. (p. 459 ).

PEA APHID heavy on peas in Larimer and Weld Counties, Colorado and
southwestern Idaho. SEED-CORN MAGGOT causing loss of field beans
in Delaware. ONION MAGGOT damaging untreated onions in south-
western Idaho. ONION THRIPS very severe in seed onions in Clark
County, Nevada. (p. 461).

TOBACCO FLEA BEETLE causing light to severe damage to tobacco in
beds in Pittsylvania County, Virginia. (p. 462). TOBACCO BUDWORMS
and STINK BUGS heavy in several counties of Georgia. (p. 463).

BOLL WEEVIL heavy in seedling cotton in several counties of Georgia

and moving out of hibernation in Lower Rio Grande Valley, Texas. (p. 463).
THRIPS damage light to medium in most cotton fields of delta counties,
Mississippi. Increasing most areas of Texas and in Yuma area of

Arizona. (p. 464).

TURPENTINE BEETLES continue to kill trees several areas of Texas.
ELM LEAF BEETLE abundant in Delaware and Virginia. Extensive
outbreak of FALL CANKERWORM in Frederick County, Maryland.(p. 465).

BLACK FLIES very abundant Kingston area of Rhode Island. HORN FLY
increasing on cattle in Iowa and Missouri. (p. 467).

LIGHT TRAP COLLECMONS. (op. 4/0):

WEAT HER SUMMARY. (p. 458).
SPECIAL SUMMARY OF MEDITERRANEAN FRUIT FLY (p. 471).

- 443 -

CEREAL AND FORAGE INSECTS

EUROPEAN CORN BORER (Pyrausta nubilalis) - SOUTH DAKOTA - No
pupation observed in southeastern area. (Hantsbarger). NORTH
DAKOTA - Winter survival in eastern area 21 percent. No pupation noted.
(N. D. Ins. Rept. Serv. ). MISSOURI - Eighty-seven percent pupation
with 12 percent emergence in extreme southeast and approximately 50 per-
cent pupation with no emergence in central part of the State. (Burdett).
IOWA - Spring survey in late April averaged slightly less than one live
borer per square yard of area sampled, compared with an average of 2.8
per square yard in corresponding period of 1955. No pupation observed in
south central area, May 18. (Harris). ILLINOIS - Pupation south of U.S.
Route 50 averages 70 percent with 6 percent emergence. Between Routes
50 and 36, pupation averages 21.3 percent. Between Routes 36 and 6
pupation averages 7.15 percent and between Routes 6 and 30 pupation
averages 9 percent. No pupation north of Route 30. No emergence north
of Route 50. (Tl. Ins. Rept. ). WISCONSIN - Carryover larvae survival
was 75 percent in Dane County, 80 percent in Columbia County, 85 per-
cent in Green County, 90 percent in Rock County and 95 percent in Winne-
bago County. Potential carryover appears greater this spring than past
few years. (Chambers). DELAWARE - Adults abundant in dense grassy
or weedy areas throughout Kent and Sussex Counties. (Milliron).

GRASSHOPPERS - CALIFORNIA - Increased populations in rangeland in
Kern County forepart of May. Control will be necessary. (Cal. Coop.
Rept., May 1-14). IDAHO - Hatching at Kooskia, north of Riggins, Bliss,
Malad and Dietrich. (Smith, Portman). SOUTH DAKOTA - Few first-
instar nymphs of Melanoplus bivittatus in Hughes County. (Burge).
TEXAS - Medium widespread populations hatching in pastures and fence
rows in Young County. (Dunkle). Beginning to emerge in Lamar County.
(Neal). MINNESOTA - Eggs almost 100 percent in clear or undeveloped
stage in south central and central areas. (Minn. Ins. Rept. Serv. ).
ILLINOIS - Average of 1 Melanoplus sp. per 100 sweeps of clover and al-
falfa in western area, 0.5 in central, 10 in west southwest and O in north-
western areas. (Il. Ins. Rept.). KANSAS - Range and crop species de-
veloping in most southwest and southcentral areas. Nymphal populations
generally ranged from 15 to 35 per square yard. Highs of 100 per square
yard in some sections of southcentral area. A few adult Melanoplus mexi-
canus were found in Wilson County. Hatch now in progress over most of
State. (Matthew, Gates). IOWA - Lesser migratory grasshopper hatch-
ing in southern half of State. (Harris). OKLAHOMA - Nymphs average
from 8 to 10 per square yard in Beaver, Harper and Woodward Counties,
and Melanoplus mexicanus appearing in small numbers in Payne County
alfalfa. (Fenton, Rogers, Owens). Second and third instars predominate
with average of 6 to 15 per square yard in western counties. Population
of nymphs in Texas County reduced due to hot dry winds and lack of food
supply. (Coppock).

MORMON CRICKET (Anabrus simplex) - UAH - Hatched in San Juan and
adjacent Counties. Hatching on Diamond Mountain in Uintah County.
(Chinn, Knowlton).

- 444 -

ARMYWORMS - VIRGINIA - Very light larval feeding on fescue in Lan-
caster County. First record of year. (Fulcher). TENNESSEE - Found
across State. Many grain and pasture fields contain larvae with few local
areas in east, middle and west requiring control. Outbreak does not
appear serious. (Mullett).

ARMYWORM (Pseudaletia unipuncta) - ARKANSAS - Locally severe in
in northeastern counties. One 30-acre field of small grain completely
lost. Larval counts in other fields averaged about 4 per square foot..
Control used in many fields. (Barnes). MISSOURI - Economic numbers
foundonly in southeast area and vary from 2 to 40 larvae per square foot
in rank, dense barley, wheat and fescue pastures. (Kyd, Thomas).
LOUISIANA - Populations declining in area previously threatened. Ma-
turity of grains, diseases and predators appear to have reduced popula-
tions. Heaviest population found in Bossier Parish-1 larvae per square
foot. (Oliver). NORTH CAROLINA - Migrating in barley and oats in
Lincoln County. (Stoudemire, Rabb). MARYLAND - First small larvae
noted in barley at Ridge, Saint Marys County. Infestation very light. (U.
Md., Ent. Dept.). DELAWARE - Second instars on canarygrass near
Little Creek. Few first instars in several areas on orchard grass and
grass-legume mixtures. (Milliron).

Sis a4
70@

Numbers = Moths trapped NG
WS Larval infestations ie
* Moths appearing
@ See light trap table for number of traps.

- 445 -

CHINCH BUG (Blissus leucopterus) - IOWA - One to two adults per 10
square feet of oats in Madison, Union and Clarke Counties. (Harris).
ILLINOIS - Becoming very active. Average of 53 per 100 sweeps in grassy
roadsides in central area. (Ill. Ins. Rept. ).

BROWN WHEAT MITE (Petrobia latens) - NEBRASKA - In Dundy, Chase,
Perkins, Keith, Arthur, Garden, Banner and Scotts Bluff Counties. Most
severe in Dundy County but decreasing materially in more southern and
western Counties. (Weihing). OKLAHOMA - Rare in wheat fields in
western area. (Coppock). IDAHO - Light in winter wheat in Arbon Valley
area. (Smith, Walz). COLORADO - Increasing in Logan County, but not
serious. Four to five mites per leaf. (Exp. Sta. ).

GRAIN APHIDS - CALIFORNIA - Infestations of Macrosiphum granarium
and Rhopalosiphum fitchii more widespread than usual. Light in Merced
County, light to medium over wide area in Kings County, medium to heavy
in barley fields in Monterey County. (Cal. Coop. Rept., May 1-14).
UTAH - Generally, moderate populations, but injurious in Washinton
County. (Knowlton).

GREENBUG (Toxoptera graminum) - MISSOURI - Populations from 25 to
over 2J0 per f00t of drill row occur in many barley and wheat fields over
western half of State. (Kyd, Thomas).

APPLE GRAIN APHID (Rhopalosiphum fitchii) - DELAWARE = On oats
and cereals in several areas. (Milliron).

GLASSY CUTWORM (Crymodes devastor) - OREGON - Severe localized
damage to Merion bluegrass in Union County May 4. (Every).

PALE WESTERN CUTWORM (Agrotis orthogonia) - KANSAS - Activity
about ceased in Hamilton and Kearny Counties. Counts ranged from 0. 6
to llarva per square foot, with 85 percent of plants showing injury in
some areas. Pupation has begun. (Matthew). COLORADO - Comprised
91 to 96 percent of cutworm population in wheat fields. (Exp. Sta. ).
UTAH - Damaging some dry land wheat east of Monticello. (Morris).

EUROPEAN WHEAT STEM SAWFLY (Cephus pygmaens) - DELAWARE -
Adults very prevalent in cereal fields ner Andrewsville. (Milliron).

A WHEAT SAWFLY (Pachynematus sporax) - CALIFORNIA - A single
larva found May 10 for first time in Ventura County. (Cal. Coop. Rept.,
May 1-14).

WIREWORMS - NORTH DAKOTA - Heavy, 3 to 4 per square foot, causing
severe damage to 30 acre field of spring wheat near Durbin in Cass County,
May 11. (N. D. Ins. Rept. Serv. ).

GREAT BASIN WIREWORM (Ctenicera pruinina noxia) - WASHINGTON e
Approximately 20 percent of stand in two fields of winter wheat and spring
barley near Mabton. (Harwood).

- 446 -

FALSE WIREWORMS (Eleodes spp. ) - KANSAS - Larvae and pupae in
fields of Hamilton, Kearny, Finney, Gray and Ford Counties. Counts
ranged from 0.5 to 2 per square foot. Most larvae begun pupation and
appear to be E. opaca. (Matthew).

CORN FLEA BEETLE (Chaetocnema pulicaria) - MISSOURI - Damage to
seedling corn continues in central and west areas where some fields aver-
age 5 to 8 beetles per plant. (Kyd, Thomas). ILLINOIS - Averaged 23
per 100 sweeps in clover and alfalfa fields in western, 15 in central area.
Averaged 15 per 100 sweeps in roadside grass in central area. In west
southwest area, it averaged 73 per 100 newly emerged corn plants; 1.6 in
east southeast and 240 in southwestern area. None found in northwestern
area. (Ill. Ins. Rept. ). OHIO - Attacking early sweet corn at Columbus.
Abundant in bluegrass sod at Wooster. C. denticulata also presnnt but
less abundant. (Neiswander). DELAWARE - In several areas on sweet
corn. (Milliron).

BILLBUGS - NORTH CAROLINA - Attacking corn locally in Nash County.

(Woodard, Farrier). SOUTH CAROLINA - Severe in Sumter. Beginning

to appear in area between Santee and Savannah Rivers. (Nettles).

ARIZONA - Adults of Calendra sp. damaging corn in limited area near

eee Santa Cruz County. Same area infested last year. (Ariz. Coop.
ept. ).

SUGARCANE BEETLE (Euetheola rugiceps) - ARKANSAS - Adults caused
up to 10 percent loss of stand in some fields of Cleburne County and damag-
ing stands in Logan County area. (Barnes, Young). MISSISSIPPI - Caus-
ing serious damage to small corn plants in Marion and Montgomery Coun-
ties. (Hutchins, Price).

CORN LEAF APHID (Rhopalosiphum maidis) - TEXAS - Medium local on
sorghum in Ellis County. (Kruse).

STINK BUGS - GEORGIA - Attacking corn tassels in Tattnall County.
(Johnson).

A PLANT BUG (Trigonotylus brevipes) - DELAWARE - Nymphs and adults
conspicuous in orchard grass at Canterbury. (Milliron).

BRONZED CUTWORM (Nephelodes emmedonia) - KENTUCKY - Last in-
stars averaging about two per Square foot in bluegrass in Clark County.
(Thurston). MISSOURI - Heavy damageto bluegrass pastures occuring in
Cass, Jackson, Lafayette, Clay, Platte and Clinton Counties. Larvae
average 1 to 1.5 per square foot. Appreciable percentage of larvae killed
by undetermined disease which reduced a few populations 75 to 80 percent.
(Kyd, Thomas).

- 447 -

FALL ARMYWORM (Laphygma frugiperda) - LOUISIANA - Larvae attack-
ing corn seedlings in Saint Mary Parish. First report of 1956. (Oliver).
ALABAMA - Third and fourth instars on young corn in Baldwin County.
(Arant).

CORN EARWORM (Heliothis zea) - CALIFORNIA - Medium infestations in
corn fields in Riverside County, April. (Cal. Coop. Rept.). LOUISIANA -
Infesting 5 to 50 stalks per 100 feet of row of corn seedlings in Bossier,
Rapides, Saint Mary and Avoyelles Parishes. Attacking crimson clover in
Natchitoches Parish at 62 per 100 sweeps. (Oliver).

CORN ROOT WEBWORM (Crambus caliginosellus) - VIRGINIA - Damaged
50 to 75 percent of corn in five-acre field in Bedford County, (Morris,
Boone).

SEED-CORN MAGGOT (Hylemya cilicrura) - UTAH - Damage spotted dur-
ing recent cool and stormy period. (Knowlton). VIRGINIA - Reduced
stand of corn in Dinwiddie County field. (Rowell, Bedwell).

Spotted Alfalfa Aphid Infestation as Reported Week Ending 5/18

NO ee i 5
a

--k

SPOTTED ALFALFA APHID - CALIFORNIA - Light in San Bernardino
County during April, light to heavy in parts of Riverside County, and some
heavy infestations in Orange County. Most acreages of alfalfa in Orange
County treated by last of April. Light to severe in Tulare County, in Santa
Barbara County, light to light medium and some heavy infestations in San
Diego County. (Cal. Coop. Rept., May 1-14). NEVADA - Light to mod-
erate in southern range. Most fields treated once, few required two treat-
ments, some no treatments and light damage. (Gallaway, May 12).

UTAH - Common throughout Kane and Washington Counties, appearing in
southern Iron, and generally scarce or absent in other areas. (Knowlton).
Adults collected north of Kaysville, Davis County. (Kaloostian, Knowlton).
ARIZONA - The convergent lady beetle, Hippodamia convergens, rapidly
building up in Yuma area and may check the aphid. (Ariz. Coop. Rept. ).
COLORADO - No infestations reported to date. (Exp. Sta.). TEXAS -

- 448 -

Infesting alfalfa in Hockley County. (Taylor). Medium widespread on al-
falfa in Hunt County. (Hawkins). Medium to heavy in Brazos and Burle-
son Counties. Reducing stands greatly in untreated fields. (Randolph).
Heavy in Lamar County. (Neal). OKLAHOMA*- Low in alfalfa in north-
western and panhandle counties, except in irrigated fields of Texas County
where infestations range from medium to heavy with only moderate dam-
age. Some cutting of first crop before damage occurs. (Coppock, Stiles).
KANSAS - Non-economic to light infestations found in nearly all alfalfa
fields in southwest from Kansas-Colorado line eastward to Barton County.
Counts up to 50 per sweep. About 40 percent of aphids collected were
winged. ‘The northern line of distribution begins in west Hamilton County
and extends east and north through the State to southwest corner of Jeffer-
son County. Populations in the previously heavily infested area of south-
eastern Kansas now temporarily under control by numerous lady beetles
and other predators. Some fields appear to have more lady beetles and
larvae than aphids. (Matthew et al.). MISSOURI - Very low in previously
heavily infested area of extreme southwest. (Kyd, Thomas). LOUISIANA-
Infestations in Natchitoches, Red River, Bossier, Caddo, East Carroll,
Tensas, Rapides, Avoyelles, Iberville, Assumption and Claiborne Par-
ishes. (Oliver).

PEA APHID (Macrosiphum pisi) - UTAH - Populations spotty. Less
threatening than previous two weeks. (Knowlton). NEBRASKA - From 40
to 60 per sweep on alfalfa and sweetclover in Pawnee, Gage, Johnson, and
Otoe Counties. Fewer numbers, 10 to 15 per sweep, in Cass,Sarpy, and
Lancaster Counties. (Andersen). OKLAHOMA - Low in most irrigated
alfalfa fields in western area. Extremely low in Payne County with preda-
tor populations decreasing rapidly. (Bieberdorf, Bryan). TEXAS -
Heavy widespread populations on vetch in Kaufman County, 100 to 300 per
sweep. Control measures applied. (Randolph). Medium to heavy wide-
spread populations on vetch in Delta and Kaufman Counties. (Hawkins).
Light spotted on vetch in Freestone County. (Wells). MISSOURI - Heavy
over central and northern third of State. Northern tier of counties rela-
tively free of economic infestations. Heavy lady beetle populations in
central area with 15 to 75 larvae and adults per square foot in several
fields. (Kyd, Thomas). IOWA - From 20 per sweep in southern tier of
counties to 5 per sweep in central area. Apparently building up. (Harris).
ILLINOIS - Averaged the following per 100 sweeps: Northwest 273; north-
east 30; west 4, 247; central 2, 266; east 1, 500; west southwest 4, 226.

This is large increase over last week's populations. (Ill. Ins. Rept. ).
WISCONSIN - In alfalfa in most counties south of line from Chilton to
Platteville. Counts ranged from 0 to 120 per sweep with the greatest
average in Washington County - 23 per sweep. Winged aphids found in
most counties. A serious threat to pea acreage. (Chambers).
PENNSYLVANIA - Building up rapidly on alfalfa in York County. (Pepper).
Increasing in southeastern area on alfalfa. (Menusan). DELAWARE -
Abundant everywhere on alfalfa, especially at Summit Bridge, Middleton,
Smyrna, Nassau and Bridgeville. Abundant on red and crimson clovers at
Harrington and various areas in Sussex County. (Milliron).

* Most alfalfa, Grant, Kay and Noble Counties damaged to extent no first
cutting. (Stiles).

- 449 -

THRIPS - UTAH - Numerous on alfalfa. (Knowlton). GEORGIA - Light
in peanuts in Tattnall County. (Johnson).

THREE-CORNERED ALFALFA HOPPER (Spissistilus festinus) - LOUIS-
IANA - Infestations on alfalfa per 100 sweeps: 68 in Assumption Parish;
14 in Natchitoches Parish; 4 to 15 in Bossier Parish. (Oliver).

POTATO LEAFHOPPER (Empoasca fabae) - SOUTH DAKOTA - Showing
up in alfalfa fields in southeast. One adult per 100 sweeps in Lincoln
County. (Hantsbarger). IOWA - Averaging 1 to 4 per 10 sweeps in alfalfa
in southern two-thirds of State. (Harris).

SIX-SPOTTED LEAFHOPPER (Macrosteles fascifrons) - SOUTH DAKOTA-
Becoming fairly numerous in alfalfa. Counts as high as 44 adults per 25
sweeps in some southeastern Counties. (Hantsbarger).

PLANT BUGS - ILLINOIS - Nymphs average 30 per 100 sweeps in clover
and alfalfa in northwest, 32 in central and 24 in west southwest section.
(Ill. Ins. Rept. ).

LYGUS BUGS (Lygus sp. ) UTAH - Numerous in alfalfa and mustards.
(Knowlton, Dorst, Davis).

TARNISHED PLANT BUG (Lyqus lineolaris) - ILLINOIS - Adults in clover
and alfalfa averaged 15 per 100 sweeps in northwest, 10 in northeast, 28
in west, 16 in central and 36 in west southwest. (Il. Ins: Rept. ).
WISCONSIN - Found in small numbers in alfalfa fields south of a line from
Chilton to Platteville. Counts ranged from one adult in 700 sweeps in
Green County to one in 10 sweeps in Washington County. (Chambers).

SPITTLEBUGS - IDAHO - Second instars very numerous in alfalfa fields
in Idaho County. (Barr, Portman).

LEAFHOPPERS (Empoasca sp. ) - ILLINOIS - Averaging 7.6 per 100
sweeps in northwest, 12.5 in western, 68.0 in central, 120 in eastern,
and 132. 0 in west southwestern section. Many males identified as E.
fabae. (Ill. Ins. Rept.). WISCONSIN - Collections of 3 per 600 sweeps
in Grant County, 3 in 700 in Green County, 0 in 475 in Iowa County and 0
- in 500 of.alfalfa in Lafayette County. (Chambers).

LEAFHOPPERS - KANSAS - Unidentified species numerous in alfalfa
fields in Marion County probably injurying plants. Counts ranged from
80 to 130 per sweep. (Burkhardt).

CUTWORMS - UTAH - Damaging alfalfa at Johnson, Kane County. (Rose).
MISSOURI - Feltia subgothica, Agrotis gladiaria, A. ypsilon in conjunc-
tion with sod webworms destroyed large areas of pastures in drought area
of north central Missouri. Populations averaged 1 to 3 cutworms and 2
to 7 webworms per square foot. (Kyd, Thomas), ILLINOIS - Average

in clover and alfalfa per square foot was 0. 14 in northeast and 2 in west-
ern section. (Ill. Ins. Rept. ).

- 450 -

SOUTH CAROLINA - Noted in fields of alfalfa in Newberry County. (Donk-
le, May 11).

VARIEGATED CUTWORM(Peridroma margaritosa) - ILLINOIS - Larvae
averaged O per 100 sweeps in clover and alfalfa in northwest, 2.6 in cen-
tral and 13 in west southwest. (Ill. Ins. Rept.). MISSOURI - Larvae,

all instars, becoming numerous in alfalfa in extreme southeast area.
Counts range from 3 to 11 per square foot. (Kyd, Thomas). LOUISIANA -
Average of 1 per square yard in 2 fields of vetch in Bossier Parish, 1 per
5 square yards of clover in Iberville Parish and about 1 per square foot of
ye grass in East Carroll Parish. (Oliver).

ALFALFA CATERPILLAR (Colias philodice eurytheme) - SOUTH DAKOTA-
Larvae in alfalfa in southeastern counties. One larva per 25 sweeps.
Adults also active. (Hantsbarger). UTAH - Populations generally low.
Larvae maturing. (Knowlton). IDAHO - Adults very abundant in alfalfa
fields around Melba. (Gittins).

ALFALFA WEEVIL (Hypera postica) - CALIFORNIA - Light medium in- ©
festations in Lassen County alfalfa fields during April. (Cal. Coop. Rept. )
UTAH - Adults numerous and-larvae increasing in untreated fields. Some
damage at Kanab. (Knowlton, Davis, Rose). IDAHO - Adults collected

on alfalfa at Moscow. New record of distribution for State. Generally
scattered infestations in Clearwater River drainage in Idaho County. In-
festations in southwestern area quite variable. No heavy infestations
found. (Hallett, Portman, Gittins), PENNSYLVANIA - Severe injury to
alfalfa in southeast area. (Menusan). DELAWARE - Severe damage to
untreated fields at numerous places from Smyrna southward, and many
treated plantings show moderate injury. Early cutting practiced some
places. (Milliron). WEST VIRGINIA - Infestations on alfalfa in Hamp-
shire and Hardy Counties increased in density and extent. Larval feeding
evident. (Dorsey, Hansen). VIRGINIA - Generally decreasing. (Morris).
One report from Amelia County of alfalfa being reinfested and damage
severe after killing first infestation of larvae. (Holmes). Extremely
light in Amherst County, no appreciable damage. (Wilkins). MARY-
LAND - Damage to unsprayed alfalfa in most sections heavy to severe.
Larvae averaged over 200 per sweep in Montgomery County. Making
cocoons in most sections. (U. Md., Ent. Dept. ).

A WEEVIL (Sitona scissifrons) - SOUTH DAKOTA - Increasing in alfalfa
fields with counts up to 10 adults per 25 sweeps in southeastern Counties.
(Hantsbarger).

BANDED CUCUMBER BEETLE (Diabrotica balteata) - LOUISIANA - In-
festing alfalfa in Assumption Parish at 7 per 100 sweeps. (Oliver).

SPOTTED CUCUMBER BEETLE (Diabrotica undecimpunctata howardi) -
IOWA - In south half of Iowa. (Harris). NEBRASKA - Average of 2 per
10 sweeps in alfalfa in southeastern area of State. (Andersen).

Te - Infesting alfalfa in Assumption Parish at 16 per 100 sweeps.
(Oliver).

- 451 -

CLOVER LEAF WEEVIL (Hypera punctata) - IOWA - Up to 6 larvae per
plant in individual fields, though generally few. (Harris). ILLINOIS -
Larvae averaged 5 per square foot in northwest section with 4. 5 in pre-
pupal stage; 3.1 in west; 3 in central with 28. 5 percent in cocoons and up

to 20 percent dead of disease; 4. 23 in east southeast; and 4 in southwest.
(Ill. Ins. Rept. ). WISCONSIN - Found in nearly all alfalfa fields in south-
western area. Fungus infected larvae in most infested fields. (Chambers).

LESSER CLOVER LEAF WEEVIL (Hypera nigrirostris) - NEBRASKA -
Appearing in small numbers, 4 to 5 per 10 sweeps, on red clover in south-
eastern area of State. No damage yet. (Andersen). ILLINOIS - Adults
averaged 0.6 per 100 sweepsof red clover in northwest, 8 in west and 0.7
in central section. Adults averaged 4 per square foot in southwest. Per-
cent red clover stems infested by larvae was 45 in northwest, 50 in cen-
tral, and 51 in southwest. (Ill. Ins. Rept. ). MISSOURI - Second year red
clover 30 to 65 percent damaged. (Kyd, Thomas). ALABAMA - Attack-
ing white clover at Safford in western area. (Arant). MARYLAND -Lar-
vae moderately damaging red clover in Cecil and Queen Annes Counties.
(U. Md., Ent. Dept.). DELAWARE - Destructive to red clover through-
out Kent and Sussex Counties. (Milliron).

WEEVILS (Sitona spp. ) - ILLINOIS - Adults per 100 sweeps of clover and
alfalfa as follows: Northwest 10, west 10, central 23. (Il. Ins. Rept. ).

A CLOVER WEEVIL (Hypera meles) - ALABAMA - Attacking white clover
at Safford in western area. (Arant).

CLOVER ROOT CURCULIO (Sitona hispidula) - ALABAMA - Attacking
white clover at Safford in western area. (Arant).

YELLOW CLOVER APHID (Pterocallidium trifolii) - MISSOURI - Most
fields of second year red clover lightly to moderately infested in central
and northern areas. Counts from 5 to slightly over 200 per plant with
plants in heavier infested fields stunted. (Kyd, Thomas). NEBRASKA -
Averaging 5 per 25 sweeps on red clover in Otoe, Johnson, Pawnee and
Gage Counties. (Andersen).

MEADOW SPITTLEBUG (Philaenus leucophthalmus) - ILLINOIS - Nymphs
averaged 35 per 100 stems of red clover and alfalfa in northwest, 21.5 in
northeast, 0.5 in west, 3.6 in central, 1 in east, 6.5 in east southeast and
5 in southwest. (11. Ins. Rept.). DELAWARE - Common on alfalfa at
many places from Summit Bridge southward, and on red clover in Harring-
ton area. (Milliron). VIRGINIA - Medium on alfalfa, clover and grass in
several fields in Bland County. (Mallory). WEST VIRGINIA - Second and
third instars present on red clover statewide. (Dorsey, Hansen).
MARYLAND - Generally more abundant on alfalfa and clover than in 1955.
Control on clover general. (U. Md. Ent. Dept. ).

MEADOW PLANT BUG (Leptoterna dolabratus) - DELAWARE - Nymphs
very numerous in clovers and grasses from Dover southward. (Milliron).

~ 452 -

GREEN CLOVERWORM (Plathypena scabra) - ILLINOIS - Larvae averaged
0. 64 per 100 sweeps in clover and alfalfa in northwest, 2.5 in west, and

4 in central section. (Ill. Ins. Rept.). DELAWARE - Small larvae in al-
falfa at Summit Bridge and red clover at Andrewsville. (Milliron).

TWO-SPOTTED SPIDER MITE (Tetranychus telarius) - IDAHO - Abundant
in areas where heavy chaff or red clover lay during winter. (Walz).

CLOVER MITE (Bryobia praetiosa) - CALIFORNIA - Heavy in clover in
Lassen County. (Cal. Coop. Rept., May 1-14).

SWEETCLOVER APHIDS - KANSAS - Non-economic populations observed
in roadside sweetclover in southwest Kansas. (Matthew).

A SWEETCLOVER APHID (Myzocallidium riehmi) - TEXAS - Light wide-
spread on hubam sweetclover in Dimmit and Maverick Counties. |Det. L.
M. Russell. (Richardson, May 4). NEBRASKA - Counts from 3 to 4 per
10 oe on sweetclover in southeastern area of State. (Connin, Ander-
sen).

SIX-SPOTTED LEAFHOPPER (Macrosteles fascifrons) - WISCONSIN -
Very heavy migration in progress since first adults caught May 11 in light
trap at Kenosha. Moved from Prairie du Chien to Lake Superior and to
Lake Michigan. Infestation has been more uniform than most years, and
population is as great as in past six years. Infective potential of virus
yellows has not been determined. (Chambers).

SWEETCLOVER WEEVIL (Sitona cylindricollis) - KANSAS - Light in
Finney, Gray, Ford, and Pawnee Counties. Counts from 1 to 4 per 25
sweeps. (Matthew). NEBRASKA - From 38 to 4 per 10 sweeps in sweet-
clover in Saunders, Cass and Sarpy Counties. (Connin, Andersen).
NORTH DAKOTA - Infestations on second year sweetclover in several lo-
eations in eastern area. (N. D. Ins. Rept. Serv. ). IDAHO - Adults abun-
dant in Idaho County in white clover. Heavy damage to foliage in 70 acre
field near Grangeville. (Gittins, Portman).

APHIDS - GEORGIA- Infesting vetch in Burke County. (Chapman).

VETCH BRUCHID (Bruchus brachialis) - ARKANSAS - Adults in heavy
numbers in many vetch fields in northern half of State. Control applied to
reduce damage to seed crops. (Warren). DELAWARE - Common at Can-
terbury and elsewhere in Kent and Sussex Counties. (Milliron).

OMNIVOROUS LEAF TIER (Cnephasia longana) -OREGON - Appears to be
more abundant in Willamette Valley than.in 1955. Larvae attacking vetch
and strawberries. (Every).

A LEAF MINER - GEORGIA - General heavy infestation in peanuts in
southern area. (McGill).

- 453 -

FRUIT INSECTS

CODLING MOTH (Carpocapsa pomonella) - DELAWARE - First adults at
Woodside, May 10. (MacCreary). INDIANA - Adults emerging in or-
chards in Lawrence and Orange Counties. (Marhsall). Adult emergence
in Vincennes area in overwintering cages high May 12 and 13 with 10-12
percent of larvae emerged. Between 30-50 percent have pupated and 40-
50 percent still in larval stage. A few early eggs expected to hatch about
May 21-22. (Hamilton). ILLINOIS - Adults emerging in cages in south-
ern area. (Chandler). MISSOURI - First adults in orchard at Cape Gir-
ardeau, May 14. (Wkly. Rept Fr. Grow. ). OREGON - First moths taken
in bait pans, May 14 in Jackson and Hood River Counties. (Burts, Gent-
ner).

ORCHARD MITES - NEW JERSEY - Mostly hatched and numerous in some
apple plantings in Gloucester County. (Merrill, May 15), IDAHO-A
prune mite causing considerable damage to prune orchards in the Payette-
Weisner area. Severe damage to blossoms. (Vail).

EUROPEAN RED MITE (Metatetranychus ulmi) - NEW YORK - More no-
ticeable where dormant sprays not used in Ulster County. Nymphs found
readily in Dutchess County, May 14. First hatch in Columbia County May
14, Abundant in Saratoga County where oil not used. Hatching in Wayne,
Niagara and Orleans Counties, (Wkly. Rept.). CONN. - Eggs hatching
Overwintering eggs heavy some orchards. (Tunis). MASSACHUSETTS -
Eggs hatching rapidly. (Crop. Pest Cont. Mess.). DELAWARE - Depos-
iting eggs. (Late News). MARYLAND - Numerous in spots at Hancock.
(U. Md., Ent. Dept.). VIRGINIA - Infestations rapidly developing in
apple orchards in local areas of northern part of State. From 8-20 mites
per primary leaf common. (Hill) PENNSYLVANIA - Hatching on fruit
in southeastern area. (Menusan). OHIO - Hatching of overwintering eggs
nearly complete. First hatch May 2 with peak May 11. (Cutright).
INDIANA - Increasing in apple orchards in Lawrence and Orange Counties
but less than at this time in 1958. (Marshall). Abundant enough to war-
rant control in orchards that had a crop last year and did not receive a
dormant spray this year in Vincennes area. Still very light in orchards
where no crop last year. (Hamilton). IDAHO - Heavy populations on
occasional fruit trees in Franklin County with considerable damage on in-
fested trees. (Roberts). WASHINGTON - Heavy infestations in untreated
apple orchards in Wenatchee area. (Telford). OREGON - Built up to
economic proportions on apples and pears not treated with dormant spray
in ae River area, May 14. First egg deposition this area May 7. (Ellert-
son).

TWO-SPOTTED SPIDER MITE (Tetranychus telarius) - INDIANA - Increas-
ing in apple orchards in Lawrence and Orange Counties but less than at this
time a 1958, (Marshall). DELAWARE - Eggs being deposited. (Late
News).

APPLE RUST MITE (Vasates schlechtendali) - WASHINGTON - Up to 2000-
3000 per leaf on untreated apple trees near Wenatchee. (Telford).

- 404 -

APHIDS - SOUTH CAROLINA - Numerous complaints of infestations on
apples in Fairfield County. (Armstrong). CALIFORNIA - Light to medi-
um in citrus orchards in parts of Riverside County. (Cal. Coop. Rept.,
May 1-14).

APPLE GRAIN APHID (Rhopalosiphum fitchii) - WISCONSIN - Lower than
normal ang this year and expected to remain unimportant. (Wis.
EIS Bul. ).

ROSY APPLE APHID (Anuraphis roseus) - NEW YORK - Second genera-
tion in Orange County, May 17. (Wkly. Rept.). CONNECTICUT - Most
have hatched. Not too numerous. (Tunis). OHIO - First reproduction
by stem mothers on May 14. (Cutright). INDIANA - Continues to damage
apples in Lawrence and Orange Counties. (Marshall). In complex with
Argyrotaenia velutinana caused more injury toapples than other pests in
local places in Vincennes area but generally only light injury. (Hamilton).
MISSOURI - Reports of at least light nfestations over State except north-
western area. (Wkly. Rept. Fr. Grow. ).

WOOLLY APPLE APHID (Eriosoma lanigerum) - UTAH - Becoming num-
erous on apples in some areas. (Davis).

APPLE CURCULIO (Tachypterellus quadrigibbus) - PENNSYLVANIA -
First adult noted on apple, May 18, in southeastern area. (Menusan).

EUROPEAN APPLE SAWF'LY (Hoplocampa testudinea) - CONNECTICUT-
Adults active and laying eggs on early apples. (Tunis). NEW JERSEY -
Requiring controlin Bergen-Passaic County areas. (Merrill, May 15).

RED-BANDED LEAF ROLLER (Argyrotaenia velutinana) - NEW YORK -
Egg masses about the same as last year in Rockland County. First egg
masses in Columbia County, May 14. (Wkly. Rept.). DELAWARE - Ac-
tive on apples at Woodside. (MacCreary). NEW JERSEY - Egg masses
largely hatched on apples in Gloucester County, May 14. (Merrill).
PENNSYLVANIA - Hatching on apples in southeastern area. (Menusan).
CONNECTICUT - Adults active and depositing eggs, heavy in some or-
chards. (Tunis). OHIO - Practically all first brood eggs have hatched,
with peak of hatching May 12. (Cutright). ILLINOIS - Moderate infesta-
tion in an orchard in Union County. Larvae largely mature. First brood
attacking foliage. (Chandler). VIRGINIA - Populations heavy in many
orchards in northern area, and more widely distributed. (Hill).

FRUIT TREE LEAF ROLLER (Archips argyrospila) - NEW YORK.- Lar-
vae found Orange County, May 17. Appearing on apple and pear trees in
Monroe, Dutchess and Ulster Counties. (Wkly. Rept. ).

EYE-SPOTTED BUD MOTH (Spilonota ocellana) - WISCONSIN - Larvae
active in apple orchards at Madison. (Wis. EIS Bul.). CONNECTICUT -
Feeding on apple buds. Population generally low. (Tunis), NEW YORK-
Damaging buds in a few orchards in Columbia County. Appearing Saratoga

and Wayne County and more widespread than usual in Monroe County.
(Wkly. Rept. ).

- 455 -

UNSPOTTED TENTIFORM LEAF MINER (Callisto geminatella) -
DELAWARE - Damage very prevalent in untreated apple orchards at
Georgetown where some larvae in third and fourth instar. (MacCreary).
MARYLAND - Leaf miners beginning in apple orchards at Hancock.

GUE Md. y-Ent. Depts):

PEAR PSYLLA (Psylla pyricola) - PENNSYLVANIA - Nymphs on pear
in Berks and Chester Counties, May 18. (Menusan). WASHINGTON -
Nymphs and adults abundant in untreated pear orchards near Wenatchee
and Cashmere. (Telford).

PEAR LEAF BLISTER MITE (Eriophyes pyri) - WASHINGTON - Heavy
infestations in untreated pear orchards near Wenatchee and Cashmere.
(Telford).

PEAR MIDGE (Contarinia pyrivora) - PENNSYLVANIA - Nymphs on
pear in Berks and Chester Counties, May 18. (Menusan).

PLUM CURCULIO (Conotrachelus nenuphar) - NEW JERSEY - On May 14,
eight curculios were jarred from six trees in Bergen County. (Merrill,
May 15). DELAWARE - Attacking small apples and peaches at Camden.
(Milliron). VIRGINIA - Egg punctures heavy on some varieties of apples
in northern area. (Hill). GEORGIA - Peak emergence of larvae from
peach drops expected week of May 18. Most of overwintering adults have
died. (Snapp, May 14). MISSOURI - Still active near Columbia and caus-
ing injury in all areas of State. (Wkly. Rept. Fr. Grow.). ILLINOIS -
Infestation in fruit noticeable in southern area apples. Light infestation

at Crab Orchard Lake with five from four trees compared with 14

May 9. At Mounds, three from five peach trees. First larvae in
commercial orchards May 8 in Massac County. General light infestations
in commercial orchards. (Chandler). INDIANA - None jarred from five
trees of four commercial orchards jarred weekly in Vincennes area. In
an abandoned orchard, 39 were jarred from five trees on May 14 compared
With four in that orchard April 30. (Hamilton). OHIO - First adults
jarred from plums at Wooster, May 15, compared with first adults

April 21 in 1955. (Rings), PENNSYLVANIA - Adults collected on peaches
and apples in southeastern and south central areas May 18. (Menusan,
Pepper).

CATFACING INSECTS - ARKANSAS - Percent of catfaced peaches in
three orchards with cover crops in the Nashville area were 5.14, 8.0 and
10.0. Percent in clean orchard was 2.0. (Arrington). INDIANA -
Period for tarnished plant bug past. Stink bugs still present in Vincennes
area with range of one to five per five trees jarred from four commercial
orchards, May 14. (Hamilton). Three species of stink bugs, Euschistus
euschistoides, E. tristiqgmus and Acrosternum hilare continue on a crop
not commercially worthwhile due to freezes in Lawrence and Orange
Counties. (Marshall). ILLINOIS - Very few jarred from trees this season
in southern area. (Chandler). OHIO - Retarded activity due to cool
weather. (Rings). RHODE ISLAND - First adults of Lyqus lineolaris in
apple tree in Woonsocket, May 12. (Steve).

-456 -

GREEN PEACH APHID (Myzus persicae) - UTAH - Moderately numerous,
curling peach foliage at Kanab. (Rose). WASHINGTON - Moderate
infestations on peaches at Wenatchee and Parker and heavy infestation

at Sawyer. (Telford). Spring migrants started leaving peaches May 11

at Union Gap. (Landis).

BLACK CHERRY APHID (Myzus cerasi) - COLORADO - Heavy infestations
on sour cherry in Larimer County. Lady beetles predation occurring.
(Expy Stal):

A PLUM APHID (Aphis helichrysi) - WASHINGTON - Moderate infesta-
tion curling plum foliage at Parker. (Telford).

RUSTY PLUM APHID (Hysteroneura setariae) - CALIFORNIA - Medium
to heavy infestations on new plum growth in San Bernardino County.
(Cal. Coop. Rept., May 1-14).

CHERRY FRUIT FLY (Rhagoletis cingulata) - OREGON - Emerged at
Hood River, May 14. (Ellertson). WASHINGTON - Adults active in
cherry foliage near Prosser, May 19. (Telford).

ORIENTAL FRUIT MOTH (Grapholitha molesta) - NEW JERSEY - Twig
injury in peach orchard in Cumberland County. (Merrill, May 15).
NORTH CAROLINA - A few larvae in peach drops and noticeable twig
injury in a few orchards in Montgomery County. (Conner, Black).

WESTERN TUSSOCK MOTH (Hemerocampa vetusta) - CALIFORNIA -
Medium infestations in some plum orchards in Orange County and a
medium infestation in 500 acres of prunes in Santa Clara County. (Cal.
Coop. Rept., May 1-14).

CLOVER MITE (Bryobia praetiosa) - UTAH - Damaging in New Harmony
orchards. (Davis, Hughes). CALIFORNIA - Extensive damage in Napa
County prune orchards. (Cal. Coop. Rept., May 1-14).

A CHERRY RUST MITE (prob. Vasates fockeui) - WASHINGTON -
Becoming abundant on cherries in Chelan County. (Anthon).

OLEANDER SCALE (Aspidiotus hederae) - CALIFORNIA - Medium infes-
tations in olive orchards in Tulare County. (Cal. Coop. Rept., May 1-14).

OLIVE SCALE (Parlatoria oleae) - CALIFORNIA - Medium to severe
infestations in olive orchards of Tulare County. Infestations in deciduous

vate medium to severe in Tulare.County. (Cal. Coop. Rept., May 1-
14).

BLACK SCALE (Saissetia oleae) - CALIFORNIA - Some medium infesta-
tions in olive orchards in Tulare County. Infestations in Santa Barbara
County citrus. (Cal. Coop. Rept., May 1-14).

SHOT-HOLE BORERS - NORTH CAROLINA - Boring into two-year-old
pecan trees weakened by freezes. in Johnston County. (Farrier).

-407 -

PECAN NUT CASEBEARER (Acrobasis caryae) - TEXAS - Eggs
occurring in Lamar County. Controls applied. (Neal).

PECAN LEAF CASEBEARER (Acrobasis juglandis) - FLORIDA - Larvae
infesting pecan at Monticello, Jefferson County, May 1. (Phillips).

FALL WEBWORM (Hyphantria cunea) - ALABAMA - Larvae and eggs on
pecans and appear to be building up on wild persimmons. (Arant).

MEDITERRANEAN FRUIT FLY (Ceratitis capitata) - FLORIDA = Infested
area extended south in Dade County with findings near Goulde and Naranja.
Infestations near West Palm Beach, Loxahatchee and Belle Glade
confirmed. Federal quarantine expected to include all Palm Beach
County. (ARS, PPC).

Citrus Pest Situation, Florida, Second Week in May
slight increase in activity with further increase expected. FLORIDA RED
SCALE with 63 percent of groves infested declined with an increase in
hatching expected next two weeks. Infestations at a record high level

for this time of year. CITRUS RED MITE with 85 percent of groves
infested increased with some further increase expected. CITRUS RUST
MITE activity declined with 54 percent of groves infested. Further
reduction expected if weather remains dry. SIX-SPOTTED MITE
increased but declining trend expected. MEALYBUGS increasing but
general level low. (Pratt, Thompson, Johnson).

A MITE (Eotetranychus yumensis) - CALIFORNIA - Medium infestations
in citrus orchards in Coachella Valley, Riverside County. (Cal. Coop.
Rept. , May 1-14).

CITRICOLA SCALE (Coccus pseudomagnoliarum) - CALIFORNIA -
Light to severe infestations in citrus orchards in Tulare County.
(Cal. Coop. Rept., May 1-14).

YELLOW SCALE (Aonidiella citrina) - CALIFORNIA - Severe infestations
in some Tulare County citrus orchards. (Cal. Coop. Rept., May 1-14).

SOFT SCALE (Coccus hesperidum) - CALIFORNIA - Light to severe in
some Tulare County citrus orchards. (Cal. Coop. Rept., May 1-14).

CITRUS APHIDS - CALIFORNIA - Quite heavy populations in some San
Diego County citrus orchards. (Cal. Coop. Rept., May 1-14).

JAPANESE BEETLE (Popillia japonica) - FLORIDA - Adult collected
under decaying orange at Gainesville, Alachua County. Det. L. A.
Hetrick. Later inspections May 9 failed to reveal other specimens.
(Denmark).

CITRUS THRIPS (Scirtothrips citri) - ARIZONA - Common in almost
every grove at Yuma by May 15. Most growers treating. (Ariz. Coop.

- 458 -

Rept. ). CALIFORNIA - Medium infestations in Riverside County
citrus orchards. (Cal. Coop. Rept., May 1-14).

CITRUS RED MITE (Metatetranychus citri) - CALIFORNIA - Light to
medium infestation in San Bernardino County. (Cal. Coop. Rept. ,
May 1-14).

CALIFORNIA RED SCALE (Aonidiella aurantii) - CALIFORNIA - Light
to medium infestation in San Bernardino County citrus. Light to
medium infestations in Santa Barbara County. (Cal. Coop. Rept.,

May 1-14).

BLUEBERRY BUD MITE (Aceria vaccinii) - NORTH CAROLINA - Nearly
all buds infested and blasted in local infestation in New Hanover County.
(Jones, Farrier).

GRAPE MEALYBUG (Pseudococcus maritimus) - CALIFORNIA - Severe
infestations in some Tulare County vineyards. (Cal. Coop. Rept.,
May 1-14).

FEAR FE AK OK ARK OK A AK AK A FA A A AK A 2 KK AG A OK AK KOK 2K OK OK OK OK OK OK OK KK OK OK OK AK OK KKK

WEATHER FOR THE WHEK ENDING MAY 21, 1956

The week was warm and sunny in the western half of the Nation, but the
weather was extremely variable in the eastern half. From the Great
Lakes eastward temperatures for the week averaged as much as 9

below normal at Sault Ste. Marie, Michigan, and Rochester, N. Y.

As a cold air mass moved across this area on the 16th and 17th, 3 inches
of snow fell at Ladysmith, Wisconsin, flurries were reported in northern
Pennsylvania, temperatures fell into the 20's in northern areas, and
freezing was reported as far south as Blairsville, Georgia. Reports
indicated severe fruit damage in central and western Maryland, some
damage in New Jersey's cranberry bogs, and cherry damage in New York
State. These record lows for the season on the 17th were preceded by
maximum temperatures at the 90° level as far north as New Jersey and
Pennsylvania on the 13th and 14th. In the Far West temperatures were
above normal most of the week, although they were a little below

normal in the Great Basin and northern areas at the beginning. ‘The first
100° temperature in Utah this season was recorded at St. George on the
17th. Unusualiy high temperatures were recorded in the Great Plains
and Mississippi Valley on the 18th and 19th when maxima ranged from
well over 100° in Kansas to over 80° in southern Minnesota. The
principal areas of moderate to heavy precipitation included the region
extending from the upper Mississippi Valley eastward and another
extending from southern Texas to New England. Very heavy rains caused
some minor flooding in the southwestern part of Missouri, but drought
continued to plague the northwestern portion. Little rain fell in the
western porticns of the central and lower Great Plains where the crop
situation continues very unfavorable. (Summary Supplied by U. S.
Weather Bureau).

- 459 -
TRUCK CROP INSECTS

COLORADO POTATO BEETLE (Leptinotarsa decemlineata) - DELAWARE
Adults feeding and laying eggs on potatoes throughout State. Eggs on
tomatoes at Newark. (Milliron). MARYLAND - Numerous on potatoes

in southern area. (U. Md., Ent. Dept.). NORTH CAROLINA - Attacking
tomatoes locally in Duplin County and larvae general on nettles in

coastal plains. (Farrier). VIRGINIA - Causing severe damage to potatoes
and tomatoes some areas in Chesterfield County. (Matheny). Light
infestations on potatoes in Norfolk area. (Brubaker, Greenwood,
Hofmaster). IDAHO - Adults general in southwestern area. (Walz).
WASHINGTON - Very heavy infestation with adults and eggs only in a few
scattered fields near Moses Lake. (Kamal).

POTATO PSYLLID (Paratrioza cockerelli) - COLORADO - Counts on
matrimony vines average 90 per 100 sweeps. Eggs well distributed in
Larimer County. Conditions favorable for migration. (Exp. Sta. ).

EUROPEAN CORN BORER (Pyrausta nubilalis) - DELAWARE - Depositing
great numbers of eggs in advanced potato plantings in Kent and Sussex
Counties and on cabbages near Georgetown. (Milliron).

FLEA BEETLES - PENNSYLVANIA - Moderate to light on tomatoes,
potatoes and cabbage in southeastern and south central area. (Pepper).
NORTH CAROLINA - Numerous reports of damage to peppers, tomatoes,
potatoes and beans. (Insect Notes). MARYLAND - Numerous on cabbage,
potatoes, radishes and sweet corn, in southern area. (U. Md., Ent.
Dept. ).

TUBER FLEA BEETLE (Epitrix tuberis) - WASHINGTON - Emergence
from hibernation increased rapidly week of May 6 at Union Gap. (Landis).

HORNWORMS (Protoparce spp.) - FLORIDA - Larvae averaging one per
tomato plant in five acres at Belleview, Marion County. (Hunter, May 9).

POTATO FLEA BEETLE (Epitrix cucumeris) - DELAWARE - Building up
on advanced plantings from Middletown southward. On tomatoes several
localities between Rising Sun and Bridgeville. (Milliron). VIRGINIA -
Injuring potatoes and newly-set tomatoes in eastern area. (Brubaker,
Greenwood, Hofmaster).

A SERPENTINE LEAF MINER (Liriomyza sp.) - FLORIDA - All stages
averaging 10-100 per tomato plant over 35 acres at Belleview, Marion
County. (Hunter, May 9).

STALK BORER (Papaipema nebris) - MISSISSIPPI - Reported destroying
a number of tomato plants in Tate County. (Hutchins).

STINK BUGS - GEORGIA - Heavy infestations in tomatoes in Tattnall
County. Causing drops as well as catfacing. Some fields with 50 percent
of crop ruined. (Johnson).

- 460 -

CABBAGE APHID (Brevicoryne brassicae) - DELAWARE - Injurious
many places in Kent and Sussex Counties. (Milliron). CALIFORNIA -
Medium infestations in cole crops in Orange County. Light to medium in
Santa Barbara cole crops. (Cal. Coop. Rept., May 1-14).

IMPORTED CABBAGEWORM (Pieris rapae) - NEW JERSEY - Eggs
occurring on broccoli and cabbage, May 10 at Georgetown. (Merrill).
DELAWARE - Troublesome near Georgetown and Harrington. (Milliron).
MARYLAND - Numerous on cabbage in southern area. (U. Md., Ent.
Dept. ).

CABBAGE MAGGOT (Hylemya brassicae) - MASSACHUSETTS - Some eggs
deposited with more expected. Control practices recommended. (Crop
Pest Cont. Mess.). CONNECTICUT - Adults active and laying eggs over
entire State. (Tunis).

AN INTRODUCED FLEA BEETLE (Phyllotreta cruciferae) - DELAWARE -
Continues injurious to cabbage, radishes and kale at many places in
Sussex County. (Milliron).

A FALSE CHINCH BUG (Nysius sp.) - OKLAHOMA - Populations well
above 50 per plant causing severe damage to spinach and radishes in
several fields near Bixby. (Walton).

CUTWORMS - PENNSYLVANIA - Several requests for control on cabbages
in southwestern area. (Udine). IOWA - Damaging melons in Muscatine
Island area. (Harris).

BEET LEAFHOPPER (Circulifer tenellus) - NEVADA - Populations very
light in tomato field of Clark County. (Gallaway, May 12). IDAHO -
Populations higher than in recent years. Nymphas populations quite high
in Glenns Ferry area. (Gittins). CALIFORNIA - Occasional infestation
as far north as Sacramento and Yolo Counties, early May. (Cal. Coop.
Rept., May 1-14).

BEET WEBWORM (Loxostege sticticalis) - UTAH - Moths moderately
numerous. (Knowlton).

HOP FLEA BEETLE (Psylliodes punctulata) - UTAH - Moderately
numerous on sugar beets from Lehi to Richfield. (Dorst).

LYGUS BUGS - UTAH - Numerous in sugar beet seed fields in Washington
County. (Hughes).

SUGAR-BEET ROOT MAGGOT (Tetanops myopaeformis) - NORTH
DAKOTA - Larvae beginning to pupate in Auburn area of Walsh County.
(N.D. Ins. Rept. Serv.). COLORADO - Large numbers of adults
present in fields, May 12, in Windsor area of Weld County. (Exp. Sta.)

ARTICHOKE PLUME MOTH (Platyptilia carduidactyla) - CALIFORNIA -
Medium infestations in Santa Barbara County. Damage was 30 percent
in Monterey County. (Cal. Coop. Rept., May 1-14).

- 461 -

APHIDS - TEXAS - Light to heavy local populations on greens in Cochran
County. (Thompson). CALIFORNIA - Medium numbers in tomato fields
in Riverside County in April. (Cal. Coop. Rept., May 1-14).

CABBAGE SEEDPOD WEEVIL (Ceutorhynchus assimilis) - IDAHO - Adults
quite abundant in rape seed fields in Lewiston area. Control operations
expected to begin soon. (Manis).

BEAN LEAF BEETLE (Cerotoma trifurcata) - DELAWARE - Destructive
to beans in vicinity of Felton, Harrington and Bridgeville. (Milliron).
VIRGINIA - Numerous and causing rather severe injury to young beans in
eastern area. (Brubaker, Greenwood, Hofmaster). Adults heavy in at
least one area of Chesterfield County. (Matheny).

PEA APHID (Macrosiphum pisi) - DELAWARE - On commercial peas
several areas. (Milliron). COLORADO - Heavy populations in Boulder,
Larimer and Weld Counties. Parasitism and predation increasing.
(Exp. Sta.). IDAHO - Very abundant in most fields examined in south-
western areas. (Gittins).

SEED-CORN MAGGOT (Hylemya cilicrura) - DELAWARE - Spotted
germination and numerous emerging adults in large acreage of field beans
east of Bridgeville. (Milliron).

ONION MAGGOT (Hylemya antiqua) - IDAHO - Damage common in untreat-
ed onions in southwestern area. Several fields destroyed. (Walz).

ONION THRIPS (Thrips tabaci) - NEVADA - Very severe in seed onions
in Clark County. (Gallaway, May 12).

CARROT WEEVIL (Listronotus oregonensis) - NEW JERSEY - Migrating
in Bergen County and requiring treatment for protection. (Merrill, May 15).

ELONGATE FLEA BEETLE (Systena elongata) - NORTH CAROLINA -
Attacking peppers in Cleveland County. (Clopp, Farrier).

A SCARABAEID (Pleurophorus caesus) - WASHINGTON - Damaging
cucumber seedlings near Wapato. (Landis).

STRIPED CUCUMBER BEETLE (Acalymma vittata) - DELAWARE -
Destroying squash and watermelons near Ellendale and Watermelons near
Harrington. (Milliron).

ASPARAGUS BEETLE (Criocerus asparagi) - NEW JERSEY - Very

heavily attacking asparagus in south Jersey. (Merrill, May 15). VIRGINIA -
Adults severe in small commercial planting of asparagus in Accomac
County. (Rogers, May 11). Eggs hatching, Chesterfield County. (Matheny).
DELAWARE - Continues destructive to untreated asparagus from Dover
southward. (Milliron), NORTH CAROLINA - Adults attacking asparagus
locally in Iredell County. (Franklin, Farrier). WASHINGTON - Adults
very abundant on roadside asparagus near Moses Lake. (Kamal).

- 462 -

ASPARAGUS BEETLES - UTAH - Caused spotted injury in northern areas.
(Knowlton).

TWO-SPOTTED SPIDER MITE (Tetranychus telarius) - CALIFORNIA -
Light to medium infestations in strawberries in Orange County and
quite numerous infestations in some San Diego County fields. (Cal.
Coop. Rept., May 1-14).

STRAWBERRY CROWN BORER (Tyloderma fragariae) - VIRGINIA -
Medium infestations in 25-acre planting in Accomac County. Control
effective. (Rogers, May 11).

A WEEVIL (Nemocestes sordidus) - CALIFORNIA - Heavy infestations in
some strawberry fields in Santa Barbara County. (Cal. Coop. Rept.,
May 1-14).

STRAWBERRY ROOT WEEVIL (Brachyrhinus ovatus) - WASHINGTON -
Adults emerging at Toppenish, May 14. (Landis).

A NITIDULID (Lobiopa insularis) - LOUISIANA - Severely damaging
strawberry fruits in Tangipahoa Parish. Closing of cold pack sheds may
be necessary. (Oliver).

SPIDER MITES - VIRGINIA - Light to medium and spotted on strawberries
in Accomac County. Infestation generally light to date. (Rogers, May 11).

CYCLAMEN MITE (Steneotarsonemus pallidus) - CALIFORNIA - Medium
infestations in strawberry fields in Orange County and heavy infestations
in Santa Barbara County. (Cal. Coop. Rept., May 1-14).

TOBACCO INSECTS

TOBACCO FLEA BEETLE (Epitrix hirtipennis) - VIRGINIA - Adults
causing light to severe damage in tobacco beds in Pittsylvania County.
(Dominick, May 11). NORTH CAROLINA - Rather light in Bertie County
but moderate to heavy in Wake County with control warranted. (Guthrie,
Rabb). Moderate to severe in Guilford and Forsythe Counties. (Hobbs,
Strickland).

VEGETABLE WEEVIL (Listroderes costirostris obliquus) - MARYLAND -
Light to moderate damage by larvae in tobacco beds in southern St. Marys
County. (U. Md., Ent. Dept.). NORTH CAROLINA - Larvae damaging
numerous plants in a tobacco bed in Bertie County. (Rabb).

GREEN JUNE BEETLE (Cotinis nitida) - KENTUCKY - Injuring tobacco

- 463 -

plant beds in central area. Heaviest infestation in recent years. (Boush,
Starks).

TOBACCO BUDWORMS (Heliothis sp.) - NORTH CAROLINA - Range of
5-30 percent infested fields in Columbus County and farmers are treating.
(Guthrie). GEORGIA - H. virescens infestations heavy in Tift, Colquitt,
Cook, Lowndes, Thomas, Ware, Pierce, Appling and Tattnall Counties.
Moderate infestations in Grady, Emanuel and Candler. (Johnson).

HORNWORMS (Protoparce spp.) - GEORGIA - Light infestations in Tift,
Colquitt, Lowndes and Ware Counties. (Johnson).

CUTWORMS - NORTH CAROLINA - Some tobacco fields in Wilson County
with 2-3 percent of plants damaged by climbing cutworms. (Guthrie).

STINK BUGS - GEORGIA - Heavy infestations in tobacco in Tift, Colquitt,
Grady, Thomas, Ware, Appling, Tattnall, Candler and Emanuel Counties.
(Johnson).

BROWN STINK BUG (Euschistus servus) - FLORIDA - Adults averaging
1-2 per tobacco plant and causing considerable damage at Alachua,
Alachua County. Det. A. N. Tissot. (Hunter, May 10).

SOUTHERN GREEN STINK BUG (Nezara viridula) - FLORIDA - Averaging
1-2 per tobacco plant with considerable damage on 12 acres of tobacco in
Alachua County. Det. A. N. Tissot. (Hunter, May 10)

GREEN PEACH APHID (Myzus persicae) - NORTH CAROLINA - Some
plant beds heavily infested in Granville County and present on newly-set
tobacco in Wilson County. (Chamberlin, Guthrie). Moderate in Forsythe
and Northampton Counties. (Jameson, Strickland). GHORGIA - Heavy
infestations in Colquitt, Thomas, Lowndes and Appling Counties. Light
infestations in Cook and Pierce Counties. (Johnson).

COTTON INSECTS

BOLL WEEVIL (Anthonomus grandis) - TEXAS - Moving out of hibernation
into fields in Lower Rio Grande Valley. (Deer). A few overwintering
weevils appearing in fields in Victoria, Matagorda and Ellis Counties.
(Fuller, Martin, May 15). Survival in cages in McLennan and Falls
Counties as of May 18 was 0.06 compared with 4.7 in 1955. Weevils
averaged 28 per acre in six fields compared with 75 per acre in nine fields
last year. (Parencia et al.). LOUISIANA - Attacking seedling cotton in
Natchitoches Parish at about one per linear foot of row. (Oliver). Percent
of survival in cages at Tallulah, May 18 was 0. 86 compared with 0. 62 in
1955. Weevils per acre averaged 69 compared with 12 in 1955 at Tallulah.
(Gaines, Pfrimmer et al.). GEORGIA - Heavy infestations in seedling
cotton in Tift, Cook, Colquitt, Pierce, and Tattnall Counties. Light to
moderate in Lowndes, Brooks, Clinch and Candler Counties. Appear to be
general in southern area. (Johnson). SOUTH CAROLINA - A total of 78

- 464 -

live weevils removed from 10 hibernation cages at Florence compared
with 229 week of May 9. (Walker et al. ).

BOLLWORMS - TEXAS - Light to heavy in Starr and Cameron Counties
and light in Matagorda County. (Fuller, Martin, May 15).

BROWN COTTON LEAF WORM (Acontia dacia) - LOUISIANA - Building
up in Natchitoches Parish. Five fields examined infested with about two
larvae per three linear feet of row in one field and four other fields less
severely infested. Two fields infested in Red River Parish. (Oliver).

APHIDS - ARKANSAS - Light on seedling cotton in St. Francis-Cross
County area. (Warren). TEXAS - Heavy populations in Calhoun, Polk and
Van Zandt Counties. Medium to heavy infestations in Jim Wells and

light to heavy infestations in most fields of Starr County. Light infestations
in Wharton, Williamson, Madison, Nueces, Refugio, LaSalle and Brazoria
Counties. Increasing in Victoria County. (Fuller, Martin, May 15).
ARIZONA - Aphis gossypii general on cotton at Yuma, Tempe and Bowee
but populations held at subeconomic numbers by predators, mainly
Hippodamia sp. and Orius sp. (Ariz. Coop. Rept.). CALIFORNIA -

Light infestations on young cotton in Riverside County. (Cal. Coop.

Rept., May 1-14).

THRIPS - MISSISSIPPI - Damage light to medium most fields of delta
counties. Migrating from oats and other crops. Some fields in south
delta have high populations of three or more per plant and heavy damage
expected unless fields are treated. (Merkl, Furr et al.). ARKANSAS -
Light on seedling cotton in St. Francis-Cross County area. (Warren).
TEXAS - Increasing generally throughout most areas. Heavy infestations
in Lamar County, medium to heavy in Jim Wells, Burleson and Washing-
ton Counties. Light to medium infestations in many fields of the Upper
Coastal, of the South Central and East areas. Light in some fields of
Nueces, Calhoun, Austin, and San Jacinto Counties. (Fuller, Martin,

May 15). Injurious infestations in majority of early-planted fields in
McLennan and Falls Counties, with 0.3 to 17.4 thrips per plant. (Parencia
et al.). ARIZONA - Steadily increasing on seedling cotton in Yuma area up
to four or more per plant by May 14. Damage to plants in 4-8 leaf stage
moderate. (Ariz. Coop. Rept. ).

FLEAHOPPERS - TEXAS - Increasing many areas. Light to medium
infestations in some fields of Upper Coastal, Central and East areas.
Medium to heavy in Jim Wells and Nueces Counties. Light infestations
in Burleson, Washington, Fayette and Bastrop Counties. (Fuller,
Martin, May 15).

CUTWORMS - MISSISSIPPI - Damage decreasing. Some fields replanted
in delta counties. (Merkl, Furr etal.). CALIFORNIA - Light to medium
infestation in cotton in Riverside County. (Cal. Coop. Rept., May 1-14).

SEED-CORN MAGGOT (Hylemya cilicrura) - NORTH CAROLINA - Threaten-
ing destruction of six acres of cotton, Union County. (Jones, Dogger).

- 465 -
FOREST, ORNAMENTAL AND SHADE TREE INSECTS

WHITE-PINE WEEVIL (Pissodes strobi) - WISCONSIN - Active from
central area northward. (Wis. EIS Bul.). DELAWARE - Adults active
at Newark. (Milliron).

TURPENTINE BEETLES (Dendroctonus spp.) - TEXAS - Continue to kill
scattered trees in Hardin, Houston, Liberty and Jasper Counties. (Tex.
For. Pest Comm. ).

COOLEY SPRUCE GALL APHID (Chermes cooleyi) - IDAHO - High
populations on needles of fir in Moscow area. (Manis).

A PINE SAWFLY (Neodiprion pratti pratti) - MARYLAND - Extensive
larval feeding on Virginia pine around Brighton Dam, Montgomery County
and on pitch pine at Beltsville, Prince Georges County. Also reported
from CharlessCounty. (W- Mdi Ent. Depts):

JUNIPER SCALE (Diaspis carueli) - KANSAS - Destructive populations on
cedars at Manhattan, Riley County and at Abilene, Dickinson County.
(Brady).

PINE NEEDLE SCALE (Phenacaspis pinifoliae) - DELAWARE - Conspicu-
ous on Virginia and loblolly pines north of Georgetown. (Milliron).

SPRUCE SPIDER MITE (Oligonychus ununguis) - NORTH CAROLINA -
Causing complete defoliation in local outbreak in Wake County. (Farrier).

IPS BEETLES - TEXAS - Continue to kill scattered trees in Hardin,
Houston, Liberty and Jasper Counties. (Tex. For. Pest Comm. ).

ELM LEAF BEETLE (Galerucella xanthomelaena) - DELAWARE - Adults
feeding throughout State. (Milliron). IDAHO- Adults very abundant

in Canyon County. Spraying in progress. (Gittins). VIRGINIA - Hatching
a elm Stee in Bedford County. Large numbers of eggs on leaves.
Morris).

GYPSY MOTH (Porthetria dispar) - RHODE ISLAND -First hatch from
overwintering egg masses, May 14. (Mathewson).

CANKERWORMS - NEW JERSEY - Active and warranting control. (Merrill,
May 15).

SPRING CANKERWORM (Paleacrita vernata) - KENTUCKY - Infestations
common on hackberry, elm and apple. (Rodriquez).

FALL CANKERWORM (Alsophila pometaria) - MARYLAND - Extensive
outbreak involving about 500 acres onSugar Loaf Mountain, Frederick
County. Defoliation of oaks from moderate to severe. (SJ. Md., Ent.
Dept: ):

- 466 -

A GEOMETRID - WEST VIRGINIA - Larvae feeding on foliage of hickory,
and hard maple in Barbour County at site of heavy defoliation in 1955.
(Dorsey, Hansen).

FOREST TENT CATERPILLAR (Malacosoma disstria) - WISCONSIN -
Hatching in northern area. (Wis. EIS Bul.).

EASTERN TENT CATERPILLAR (Malacosoma americanum) - KENTUCKY
- Common on wild cherry and other native trees. (Rodriquez). VIRGINIA -
Very heavy and defoliating several host trees in Madison County. (Holcomb)

BROWN-HEADED ASH SAWFLY (Tomostethus multicinctus) - VIRGINIA -
Practically defoliated ash trees on New Hanover County Courthouse yard.
Not reported since outbreak in King William County in 1937. (Willey,
Freund). Species tentatively identified as this species defoliating ash
trees at Keysville, Charlotte County. (Morton, Morris).

NORWAY-MAPLE APHID (Periphyllus lyropictus) - IDAHO - Nymphs up
to 100 per leaf of some maple trees in Moscow. (Barr).

OLIVE SCALE (Parlatoria oleae) - CALIFORNIA - Some ornamentals in
Tulare County severely infested. (Cal. Coop. Rept., May 1-14).

OYSTERSHELL SCALE (Lepidosaphes ulmi) - RHODE ISLAND - Heavy
infestation on willows on east Providence property. (Caroselli, Steve).
IDAHO - General heavy infestations on green ash, lilac and willow in
Preston area. (Roberts).

COTTONY MAPLE SCALE (Pultvinaria innumerabilis) - IDAHO - Heavy
infestations in Canyon County. Considerable spraying has been done.
(Gittins).

BIRCH LEAF MINER (Fenusa pusilla) - MASSACHUSETTS - Depositing
eggs since May 12. (Crop Pest Cont. Mess. ).

BAGWORM (Thyridopteryx ephemeraeformis) - VIRGINIA - Active on
shrubs in some spots of Shenandoah County. (Coiner, May 11).

LEAF MINERS - MARYLAND - Adults abundant on holly and boxwood.
(Une Nideeesrats Depts):

APHIDS - NORTH DAKOTA - Causing leaf curl and stunting of snowball
and highbush cranberry. (N. D., Ins. Rept. Serv.). MARYLAND -
Infesting roses. (U. Md., Ent. Dept. ). VIRGINIA - Severe infestation,
probably Macrosiphoniella sanborni on chrysanthemums in Hampton and
vicinity. (Adams, May 11). SOUTH CAROLINA - Numerous complaints
of infestations on ornamentals in Fairfield County. (Armstrong).

SNOWBALL APHID (Anuraphis viburnicola) - IDAHO - Very abundant at
Hammitt and Moscow. (Gittins).

- 467 -

A BARBERRY APHID (Rhopalosiphum berberidis) - COLORADO - Rapid
build up on Japanese barberry in Larimer County. (Exp. Sta. ).

SAN JOSE SCALE (Aspidiotus perniciosus) - PENNSYLVANIA - Very
heavy infestation on dogwood in Indiana County. (Udine).

SCALES - VIRGINIA - The following scales are hatching in the Norfolk
area of Norfolk and Princess Anne Counties: Unapsis euonymi on
euonymus; Diaspis carueli on junipers; Lepidosaphes camelliae on
camellias; Pseudaulacaspis pentagona on red-twig dogwood and lilacs;

Aspidiotus perniciosus on pyracantha; and Phenacaspis pinifoliae on
mugho and Austrian pines. (Harrell, May 11).

SPIDER MITES - VIRGINIA - Outbreak on boxwoods at Hebron. (Morris).

CLOVER MITE (Bryobia praetiosa) - IDAHO - Very abundant in flower
ardens, lawns and infesting elms and maples in Caldwell and Nampa.
Manis, Gittins).

INSECTS AFFECTING MAN AND ANIMALS

BLACK FLIES - RHODE ISLAND - Simulium sp. very abundant in
Kingston area. (Steve). VIRGINIA - Medium infestation in Richmond area
and annoying to man. First adults seen this year. (Matheny).

AN EYE GNAT (Hippelates collusor) - ARIZONA - Becoming troublesome
in many groves at Yuma, May 1d and especially around dwellings near
citrus and date plantings. (Ariz. Coop. Rept. )

FLIES - WISCONSIN - Breeding in uncovered garbage increased greatly
in Dane County. (Wis. EIS Bul.). TENNESSEE - Large numbers of
Fannia sp. throughout State. (Mullett).

MOSQUITOES - WISCONSIN - Annoying in many localities. (Wis. EIS
Bul. ). MINNESOTA - Some early spring species have completed
emergence: Aedes stimulans, A. riparius, A. implicatus and A. fitchii
and A. excrucians are in final stages of emergence. First brood of
A. vexans, primary mosquito of State hatching. (Minn. Ins. Rept. Serv.)

SAND FLIES - UTAH - Very numerous in Delta area (Davis) and in
Grantsville Mills Junction, Dolomite and Timpie areas of Tooele County.
(Harmston, Knowlton). Other reports from areas near Great Salt Lake
and in Juab County. (Knowlton).

CONENOSE BUGS (Triatoma spp.) - ARIZONA - First report of adults in
house at Tucson, May 16. (Ariz. Coop. Rept. ).

HORN FLY (Siphona irritans) - IOWA - Appearing in numbers with as high
as 20-30 per animal in some herds. (Harris). MISSOURI - Cattle not
treated average 56-100 flies per head in central area of State. (Kyd,

Thomas). ARKANSAS - From 100-400 per animal in St. Francis County

- 468 -

and heavy Washington-Benton County area. (Warren). KANSAS - Appearing
on cattle in south central areas. (Gates).

TABANIDS - NORTH CAROLINA - Deer flies annoying to man in Brunswick
County. (Farrier).

LICE - TEXAS - Widespread infestations on cattle, hogs and poultry in
Hall County. (Hooser).

AMERICAN DOG TICK (Dermacentor variabilis) - WISCONSIN - Appearing
in Sauk County. (Wis. EIS Bul.). NORTH DAKOTA - Attacking children
and pets on farm near Red River at Fargo. Populations high. (N. D. Ins.
Rept. Serv. ).

BENEFICIAL INSECTS

KLAMATHWEED BEETLE (Chrysolina gemellata) - IDAHO - Extensive
killing of klamathweed in Clearwater and Salmon River drainages. New
generation adults appearing. Very little evidence of weed control by
C. hyperici in release areas north of Coer d'Alene. (Barr, Gittins,
Portman).

LADY BEETLES - ILLINOIS - Species in clover and alfalfa averaged 11
adults, no larvae in the northwestern area, 20 adults in western, 15
adults in central and 83 adults and five larvae per 100 sweeps in west
southwestern area. (Il. Ins. Rept. ). OKLAHOMA - Populations per 200
Sweeps in one alfalfa field in Payne County were down to 73 compared with
407 week previous. (Fenton). IDAHO - Extremely abundant in all alfalfa
fields in southwestern areas. (Gittins).

SYRPHID FLIES - DELAWARE - Larvae destroying enormous numbers of
pea aphids in alfalfa, generally and many pine aphids in Georgetown area.
(Milliron).

HONEY BEE (Apis mellifera) - WISCONSIN - Populations have been
lowered by shortage of pollen and cold, retarded spring. (Wis. EIS Bul.).

PREDATORS - CONNECTICUT - Lady beetles, syrphid flies and lacewings
more abundant than usual in apple orchards. (Tunis). UTAH - Lady
beetles, nabids, and syrphid flies often numerous in aphid-infested

alfalfa fields and sometimes in infested small grains and grasses.
(Knowlton). NEVADA - Lady beetles, big-eyed bugs and damselflies
increasing throughout State. (Gallaway, May 12). IDAHO - Nabids quite
common in all alfalfa fields throughout southwestern areas. (Gittins).

MISCELLANEOUS INSECTS

EUROPEAN EARWIG (Forficula auricularia) - IDAHO - Numerous reports
of high populations about homes and in gardens in Boise area. (Gittins).

- 469 -

CLOVER MITE (Bryobia praetiosa) - MAINE - Exceedingly numerous in
homes in a new housing development. (Simpson).

EASTERN SUBTERRANEAN TERMITE (Reticulitermes flavipes) -
WISCONSIN - Reported from Milwaukee, Oshkosh, Eau Claire and
haCrosse.. (Wis.’ EIS Bul. ).

COCKROACHES - SOUTH CAROLINA - Increasing greatly in Clemson
area. (Shelley).

ELM LEAF BEETLE (Galerucella xanthomelaena) - PENNSYLVANIA -
Very abundant generally. (Udine).

WASPS (Polistes spp.) - RHODE ISLAND - Generally distributed in homes
and buildings in Kingston area. (Steve).

GIANT HORNET (Vespa crabro germana) - VIRGINIA - Beginning to
emerge at Madison Heights. (Rowell, May 11).

ADDITIONAL NOTES

WYOMING - SPIDER MITES causing damage to raspberries in Lincoln
County. (Larson). NEW YORK - SPITTLEBUGS on strawberries, May 14
in Columbia County and May 16 in Chataugua County. In bud clusters in
Oswego County. CORN FLEA BEETLE in Ulster County by May 15.

About 2 beetles per 100 plants and by May 17 about 10 percent of plants

had beetle marks. KUROPEAN CORN BORER in old stocks at Poughkeepsie
was collected about 1 per minute. First pupa seen, May 14. (Wkly. Rept. ).

- 470 -

LIGHT TRAP COLLECTIONS Pseud. Agrotis Prod. Perid. Feltia Heliothis Protoparce Chor. Faronta
unipun. ypsilon ornith. marg. subt. zea viresc. sexta quing, Auxil. diffusa
NORTH DAKOTA
Fargo 5/15 2
SOUTH DAKOTA
Brookings 5/16 1
WISCONSIN
DeForest 5/9-14 12 5
INDIANA
*Vincennes 5/8-15 152
ILLINOIS
Urbana 5/11-17 75 8 2
EBRASKA
Lincoln 5/12 510 1241
North Platte 5/12 216 1363
KANSAS
Manhattan 5/14-18 6 190 12
Hays 5/7-17 15 8 y= 161 8
Garden City 5/12-16 8 1 8 a
MISSOURI
Columbia 5/12-18 27 1 117
TEXAS ;
College Station 5/6-14 80 12 97 2 12
Beaumont 5/1-4 31 14 20 11
Weslaco 5/1-15 12 22 21 257 i)
Denton 5/1-15 45 51 38 2 142 28
LOUISIANA
*Tallulah 5/12-18 70 60 50 41 39 20 4 59 2
Baton Rouge 5/12-18 15 16 57 6 94 17
Franklin 5/10-16 1 1 19 10 4 4
ARKANSAS
Van Buren 5/3-10 9
Stuttgart 5/10-16 3 2 1
Varner 5/3-16 4 24 4 10
Fayetteville 5/13-18 25 13 8 14
MISSISSIPPI (Counties)
Coahoma 5/12-18 4 4 5 4 6
Humphreys 20 19 12 10 7 6 1
Lauderdale 1 5 4 il
Oktibbeha 4 4 33) 1 16 5 1
*Washington 5/11-17 146 109 162 42
TENNESSEE (Counties)
Shelby 5/8-14 76 12 6 6 16
Maury 18 2 8
Robertson 3 1 1 8
Greene coil 4 3 1
Blount 69 6 4 2
Marion 86
Johnson 95 40 2
ALABAMA
Auburn 5/13-19 20 6 11
GEORGIA (Counties)
Spalding 5/5-11 4 21 6 2 46 107 9
Tift 5/6-12 8} 14 5 62 16 1 15 8
FLORIDA
Homestead 4/28 21
Monticello 5/8 4
Gainesville 5/4-5 28
SOUTH CAROLINA (Counties)
Oconee 5/13-19 6 10 4 1 19 5) 4
Charleston 4/31-5/6 2 5 3 2 6 al
Florence 5/5-11 3 17 5 2 20 55
NORTH CAROLINA (Counties)
Duplin 5/16-17 1 1 1 2
Johnson 5/16-17 1

MARYLAND (County)

Montgomery 5/9-16 ah 1 1
Other Collections: NEBRASKA - (North Platte, May 12): Loxostege spp., 2964. TEXAS (Weslaco, 5/1-15): Laph a
frugiperda, 27 (Denton, 5/1-15): Laphyqma frugiperda, 31. GEORGIA (Tift, 5/6-12): Elasmopalpus ‘liqnosellus, o
(Spalding, 5/5-11): Elasmopalpus lignosellus, 7.

*Five traps, Vincennes; three traps, Tallulah; two traps, Washington County.

- 471 -

The Mediterranean Fruit Fly

Due to interest in the recent finding of Mediterranean fruit fly (Ceratitis
capitata) in Florida the following summary is given: This fly is one of the
world's most destructive fruit pests. Its economic importance is variable
according to country, being a major pest in some countries and of lesser
importance in others. Attacks in the Mediterranean area often cause se-
vere damage. Losses to citrus in Greece alone have extended up to 50 per-
cent in some years and damage to summer fruits is much greater.

The species is particularly serious in North Africa on peach, pear and
apricot in coastal and irrigated areas of high humidity. Coffee, oranges
and fruit as well as many cultivated and wild plants are severely attacked
in Brazil. In Egypt the infestation of apricots and peaches was so severe
that in a few years prior to 1947 the cultivation greatly declined. The
Mediterranean fruit fly was known as a widespread pest of fruits in France
in 1952. In Hawaii it infests coffee and is a serious pest of numerous
fruits. In Italy it is particularly injurious to peaches and in Sicily it repro-
duced so rapidly as to make control impossible in 1942. Larvae have been
found in pomegranate, almonds, dates, grapes and pepper in Sicily. As
late as 1950 the production of summer fruits was limited in Israel. Plums,
apples and pears were severely attacked. By 1955 it had become a serious
pest of peaches in the Judean Hills of this country. At least 80 percent loss
of peaches in Sardinia was caused by the pest in 1950 and serious damage to
such fruits as apple, pear and orange occurred. Population of the fly
greatly increased in 1952 in Sardinia.

Some of the common hosts include oranges, tangerines, grapefruit, kum-
quat, calamondia, peach, pear, plum, apple, apricot, Surinam cherry,
loquat, papaya, figs, coffee, guava, mango, avocado, grape, dates, prickly-
pear, pepper and sapotes.

This species first became established in Bermuda in 1865, Brazil, 1901,
Argentina, 1905 and Hawaii, 1910.

An established infestation was found near Orlando, Florida in 1929. After
a campaign of 18 months involving an expenditure of over $7, 000, 000, the
insect was eradicated and no specimens had been found in United States
until April 1956 when it was reported from Miami, Florida.

In the spring of 1955 an infestation of C. capitata was discovered in Costa
Rica. Although present in a number of countries bordering the Mediter-
ranean, it also is found in other parts of Africa and Europe, western Aus-
tralia, Hawaii, South America and a number of islands as shown on the map
of the opposite page.

- 472 -

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VOL. 6 .No.22

AGRICULTURAL RESEARCH SERVICE

PLANT_PEST CONTROL BRANCH

ECONOMIC INSECT SURVEY SECTION

The Cooperative Economic Insect Report is
Issued weekly as a service to American Agrli-
culture. Its contentsare compiled from informa-
tion supplied by cooperating State, Federal, and
industrial entomologists and other agricultural
workers. In releasing this material the Branch
serves as a clearing house and does not assume

responsibility for accuracy of the material.

Reports and inquiries pertaining to this release
should be mailed to:

Economic Insect Survey Section
Plant Pest Control Branch
Agricultural Research Service
United States Department of Agriculture
Washington 25, D. C.

Volume 6 June 1, 1956 Number 22
COOPERATIVE ECONOMIC INSECT REPORT
Highlights of Insect Conditions

EUROPEAN CORN BORER moths emerging in southern Illinois, central
Missouri and Indiana. Pupation from 12-80 percent in Illinois, 10-50

in central and southern Iowa, 15-50 in New Jersey, 80-95 in Missouri

and 10 percent in northeastern Nebraska. (pp. 475, 497). GRASSHOP-
PERS causing some damage to legumes in northeast Arkansas and Denton
and Hunt Counties, Texas. Hatch continues in Missouri and Utah but
nearly complete in Ellis County, Oklahoma and southeast Kansas. Nymphs
heavy in some areas of south central Kansas and becoming more abundant
in sections of New Mexico and Iowa. (pp. 475, 4977).

ARMY WORM situation not as serious as last year in Tennessee. Infesta-
tions have declined in Louisiana and Arkansas but damage was heavy in
some northeast areas of latter State. Economic numbers continue in
grains in southeast Missouri, scattered economic infestations in other
areas of the State. Light infestations in eastern Kansas. Small larvae
in Delaware. (p. 476). CORN EARWORM damaging corn in southern
Baca Larvae reported as far north as eastern North Carolina.

p. 477).

SUGARCANE BORER continues to increase in Louisiana; much heavier
than at same time last year. (p. 477). BROWN WHEAT MITE damaging
in some Colorado counties and in southeastern and south central Nebraska.
(p. 477). SUGARCANE BEETLE has been most important pest of corn
this spring in Arkansas. Slight damage in Tennessee. (p. 478). CHINCH
BUG nymphs numerous in barley and wheat in central and southeast
Kansas and active in corn and oats in southern Iowa. Some damage to
corn in Pontotoc and Okmulgee Counties, Oklahoma. (pp. 478, 4977).
CORN FLEA BEETLES heavy in southern Illinois and in some areas of
Delaware. (p. 478).

ALFALFA WEEVIL damage moderate to severe in Delaware and Mary-
land. Serious damage on untreated alfalfa in south central Pennsylvania.
First report of severe damage from North Carolina. Damage declining
in Virginia. Injury becoming evident in Utah but populations are gener-
ally lighter in southern Idaho. (p. 479). SWEETCLOVER WEEVIL ex-
tremely abundant in clover in northern Idaho; severe damage some fields
in Washington. (p. 479). CLOVER APHID is numerous in east central
Kansas. (p. 479). PEA APHID reported from 18 states across the
country. Heavy damage continues in some areas. (p. 480).

SPOTTED ALFALFA APHID has declined to low levels in areas of Arizona,
Nevada, Kansas, Oklahoma, Missouri and Arkansas. New Mexico, how-
ever, reports increase in recently-cut fields and Utah has general in-
festations in Kane and Washington Counties. (p.481). YELLOW CLOVER
APHID continues heavy on red clover in northern two-thirds of Missouri.
(p. 481).

474

CODLING MOTH emergence well underway as far north as Delaware.
Larvae noted in Delaware and Columbia, Missouri. (p. 483). HUROPEAN
RED MITE abundant at Amherst, Massachusetts and in untreated orchards
of south central Pennsylvania; slowly building up where not controlled at
Vincennes, Indiana. (p. 483).

Another speciman of MEXICAN FRUIT FLY collected at San Ysidro,
California; first since August 1954. (p. 486). MEDITERRANEAN FRUIT
FLY found in additional areas of Florida. (p. 486). ROSY APPLE APHID
very abundant in Payette and Washington Counties, Idaho. (p. 484).

MEXICAN BEAN BEETLE unusually heavy in Duplin County, North Caro-
lina and infestations earlier than normal in Harrison County, Mississippi.
Some oviposition at Norfolk, Virginia. (p. 487). COLORADO POTATO
BEETLE abundant in southern Idaho, eggs abundant at Zillah, Washington.
Also active in other areas. (p. 488). CABBAGE MAGGOT egg laying
heavy in Massachusetts and New Jersey. (p. 488).

First HORNWORM eggs of season on tobacco in eastern North Carolina.
(p. 490).

BOLL WEEVIL adults unusually numerous in some fields in delta counties
of Mississippi. Also numerous on young cotton in Alabama and in Baker
and Cook Counties, Georgia. Adults active across Cotton Belt. (p. 491).
BOLLWORMS appearing on cotton in North Carolina. (p. 491). PINK
BOLILWORM lower than last year in lower Rio Grande Valley, Texas.
Goal)

PINE SAWFLIES serious in some Maryland counties. (p. 493). FOREST
TENT CATERPILLAR becoming active in Minnesota and Wisconsin.
(p. 493).

WEATHER SUMMARY. (p. 499).
ADDITIONAL NOTES. (p. 497). CORRECTIONS. (p. 497).
SUMMARY OF INSECT CONDITIONS - 1955 - California. (p. 500).

FE OK AK OK EK AK RE OK KK

Reports in this issue are for the week ending May 25,unless otherwise
designated.

- 475 -
CEREAL AND FORAGE INSECTS

EUROPEAN CORN BORER (Pyrausta nubilalis) - NEW JERSEY - Fifty
percent pupation in southern area, 15 to 30 percent in central and northern
counties. Numbers of over-wintering larvae quite high. (Ins. -Dis.
News. ). ILLINOIS - Pupation almost 80 percent south of Highway 36, 30
percent between Highways 36 and 6, 12 percent north of Highway 6. Some
moths emerging in extreme southern area. (Ill. Ins. Rept.). MISSOURI -
Ninety to 95 percent pupation with 25-30 percent emergence in extreme
southeast, 80 percent pupation and 20 percent emergence in central area
and 80 percent pupation and no emergence in northwest. No corn tall
enough to be infested by this early emergence. (Burdett). SOUTH
DAKOTA - Found in Corson County, new county record. (Hantsbarger).
NEBRASKA - Pupation reached 10 percent in northeastern Nebraska.
Moth flight may occur by June 6. (Andersen). IND. - Emergence later
ithan usual. (Deay).
GRASSHOPPERS - ARKANSAS - Some ragging of soybean leaves in ex-
treme northeastern counties; as high as 6 nymphs per foot of row. (War-
ren). TEXAS - Heavy in alfalfa in Denton County. (Chada). Light wide-
spread on vetch and alfalfa in Hunt County. (Hawkins). MISSOURI - Hatch
well underway. (Kyd, Thomas). WISCONSIN - Indications that Melano-
plus femur-rubrum will be dominant economic species in 1956. Eggs of
this Species still in fluid stage, while some eggs of M. bivittatus are in
coagulate stage. Grasshopper egg pods are abundant and egg parasites
do not seem abundant enough to significantly reduce the 1956 potential.
(Wis. Ins. Bull.). OKLAHOMA - Thirty or more per square yard in
Ellis County. Nymphs 10 percent first instar, 45 second, 30 third and
about 15 fourth. Hatch near completion. Nymphal poplations much
lighter in Harper and Beaver Counties. (Frazier). From 10-14 nymphs
per square yard in Grady County. (Coppock). KANSAS - Spotted nymphal
populations, 8 to 10 per square yard, in areas of Meade County. On
rangeland in southwest area 15 percent of nymphs in first instar, 50 in
second, 25 in third and 10 in fourth. (Frazier). Heavy nymphal popula-
tions, 80 to 100 per square yard some areas*in south central counties.
A few adult_Melanoplus mexicanus. (Gates). From 12 to 20 nymphs per
square yard in southeast; a few adults of M. mexicanus and M. femur-
rubrum. Hatch nearing completion in this area. (Matthew). UTAH -
Threatening numbers in one area of Sevier County. Hatching continues
generally. (Knowlton). NEW MEXICO - Nymphs becoming more abund-
ant in several areas. Irrigated land in Taos County has medium to
heavy infestations. Nymphs on rangeland showing up in spotted areas
over State. Grasshopper Control Project reports 3 to 25 nymphs per
square yard in small areas in Lea County and one 75, 000 acre block has
fairly heavy infestation. From 5 to 20 nymphs per square yard in large
area in Harding and Union Counties. (Durkin, May 18).

ARMYWORMS - VIRGINIA - Beginning to cause noticeable injury to
several crops in Norfolk area. (Brubaker, Greenwood, Hofmaster).

* margin and roadsides

- 476 -

°
ooo Soononcat. fo
wed ceeccacedh Bae
LYeleleleielle

sfeles¥ieze\\o

een ees
4

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“.. Larval infestations

* Two traps at Stoneville, Miss.; three at Tallulah, La.

ARMYWORM (Pseudaletia unipuncta) - LOUISIANA - Only an occasional
larva found over State. (Oliver). ARKANSAS - Armyworm with varie-
gated cutworm (Peridroma margaritosa) caused locally severe injury
along eastern margin of State to south Mississippi County; heaviest on
barley. First-generation larvae maturing and further damage not ex-
pected. Moth flights very light indicating good natural control. Some
damage to recently-cut alfalfa fields; controls necessary some areas of
Mississippi and Crittenden Counties. (Warren). NO. CAR, - Only few
in small grains in Cleveland County. (Clapp). Light damage in one oat
field in Stanly County. (Scott). TENNESSEE - Control being applied

all areas. Infestation spotted. Many fields have a few larvae, occasional
fields have 5 or 6 larvae per square foot. General infestation does not
appear as serious as in past year. (Mullett). TEXAS - Light to medium
locally on sweet corn in Van Zandt County. (Berry). MISSOURI - Eco-
nomic numbers, 4 to 9 larvae per square foot, continue to damage rank
barley, wheat and fescue in southeast and also in widely scattered fields
in east central and central areas. Disease and parasites beginning to
reduce populations. (Kyd, Thomas). KANSAS - Only light infestations,
not over 2 larvae per square foot, in east central and southeast counties.
(Matthew). INDIANA - Peak moth flight passed at Vincennes. (Hamil-

ton). DEL. - Small larvae common in grass some areas. (Milliron).

LESSER CORNSTALK BORER (Elasmopalpus lignosellus) - GEORGIA -
Heavy infestations on corn and beans in Athens area May 15. (Jordan).

-477-

CORN EARWORM (Heliothis zea) - NORTH CAROLINA - About 80 per-
cent of tassles infested in experimental corn at Faison. (Jones,
Farrier). ARKANSAS - Very light, nor more than two per 10 sweeps,
on alfalfa in northeast area. (Warren). TEXAS - Light to medium lo-
cally on sweet corn in Van Zandt County. (Hawkins, Berry). Heavy
spotted populations on grain sorghum foliage in Bell County. (Decker).
OKLAHOMA - Moderate to severe damage to corn in southern counties.
From 11 per 100plants in Johnston County to 71 per 100 plants in one
Sa Bryan County. Common in vetch in southern area also. (Cop-
pock).

ARMY CUTWORM (Chorizagrotis auxiliaris) - SOUTH DAKOTA - Severely
damaged 160 acres of barley in Haakon County. Severe damage to some
alfalfa in Jackson County. Larvae maturing but still range from 4-6 per
square foot in some fields. (Hantsbarger).

SEED-CORN BEETLE (Agonoderus lecontei) - NORTH DAKOTA - Excep-
tionally numerous in collections this week. (N. D. Ins. Rept. ).

A BORER (Chilo loftini) - ARIZONA - Collected in green stems at Phoe-
mix, May 4. Det. UPS; D.A. (Ariz. Coop. Rept. ).

A LEAF MINER - GEORGIA - Heavily damaging peanuts in southern
area. (Drennon).

SOUTHWESTERN CORN BORER (Diatraea sie eeY - ARIZONA -
Infesting 80 acres of corn at Phoenix May 13;2 to 3 larvae, some whorls.
(Ariz. Coop. Rept. ).

SUGARCANE BORER (Diatraea saccharalis) - LOUISIANA - Activity
continues to increase, 2000 to 5000 deadhearts per acre some fields in
St. Mary Parish. Infestations much heavier than at this time last year.
(Oliver).

SEED-CORN MAGGOT (Hylemya cilicrura) - DELAWARE - Very destruc-
tive to commercial. sweet corn at Georgetown; 30 percent reseeding in
older plantings. (Milliron).

BROWN WHEAT MITE (Petrobia latens) - COLORADO - Damaging num-
bers in Adams, Weld, Logan and Yuma Counties. Appears connected
with lack of moisture. (ARS, Ext. Serv., Expt. Sta.). NEBRASKA -
Heavy in wheat fields in southeastern and south central areas. Much
browning of leaves. (Andersen). UTAH - Storms reduced spring popu-
lations in many localities so that little control has been necessary.
(Knowlton).

ENGLISH GRAIN APHID (Macrosiphum granarium) - NEBRASKA - Small
numbers appearing on wheat heads in southeast; 1 to 3 aphids per 5
heads. (Andersen).

a Bel hS)

SUGARCANE BEETLE (Euetheola rugiceps) - TENNESSEE - Slight dam-
age in many areas but heavy in only a very few corn fields. (Mullett).
ARKANSAS - Has been most important pest of corn this spring. Infesta-
tions general over State; locally severe stand loss in many counties. _
(Warren). MISSOURI - Forty-three adults taken in light trap in Sikeston.
(Adkisson).

GREENBUG (Toxoptera graminum) - COLORADO - None reported to
May 22. (Expt. Sta.). NEBRASKA - Light, non-economic, in eastern
area in wheat and oats from Gage County to Cuming County. (Andersen).
NEW MEXICO - Light and spotty on barley in Eddy, De Baca and Valen-
cia Counties. (Durkin, May 18).

CHINCH BUG (Blissus leucopterus) - KANSAS - Hatch of first generation
about completed in central and southeast areas. Nymphs numerous in
barley and wheat. Up to 5 adults per linear foot of row in barley.
(Matthew). OKLAHOMA - Damaging some early-planted corn in Pontotoc
and Okmulgee Counties. (Smith).

FLEA BEETLES - ILLINOIS - Very heavy in east southeastern area,

500 to 100 corn plants, and southern area, 343 per 100 plants. (Ill. Ins.
Rept. ). OKLAHOMA - Light in scattered areas of southern counties.
(Coppock). DELAWARE - Chaetocnema pulicaria numerous on corn some
areas. (Milliron).

FALSE WIREWORMS - IDAHO - Adults extremely abundant in dryland
wheat in northern Franklin County. (Gittins).

WIRE WORMS - NORTH DAKOTA - Damaging wheat in Grand Forks
County.) (NAMDs insavRept.)):

SAWF LIES - OREGON - Severe local damage to chewings fescue in
northern Marion County, May 24. (Larson).

BLACK GRAIN STEM SAWEFLY (Cephus tabidus) - DELAWARE - Adults
common in wheat at Little Creek. (Milliron).

WHEAT STEM SAWF LY (Cephus cinctus) - WASHINGTON - Five adults
per 25 sweeps on grass at Wawawai (Johansen); also on grass at Waits-
burg (Telford).

DATE MITE (Oligonychus pratensis) - TEXAS - Light to heavy local
populations on corn in Zavala and Uvalde Counties. (Richardson).

WHEAT CURL MITE (Aceria tulipae) - TEXAS - Found infesting wheat
in Denton County. Collected for first time this year April 27. (Chada).

A BUG (Thyrillus pacificus) - WASHINGTON - Severe damage to small
grains and grasses at Waitsburg. (Telford). One adult per 4 sweeps on
grass at Wawawai. (Johansen).

5 Aqo) <

A GROUND PEARL (Margarodes meridionalis) - FLORIDA - Averaging
2000 per pint of soil on centipede grass at Gainesville. Females active
May 15. Det. S. H. Kerr. (Denmark).

ALFALFA WEEVIL (Hypera postica) - DELAWARE - Moderately heavy
to severe damage over State. Early cutting to prevent further loss at
many places. Hairy vetch heavily infested at Georgetown. (Milliron).
MARYLAND - Damage to untreated alfalfa moderate to heavy in most
sections. Average 112 larvae per sweep on unsprayed alfalfa in Harford
County. First-generation adults emerging in Montgomery County. (U.
Md., Ent. Dept.). VIRGINIA - Damage to alfalfa, at least in northern
and eastern areas, declining but many reports from infested areas of
heavy damage to alfalfa by large populations.

(Morris). Larvae of spring season mature or nearly mature. Growers
who have followed recommendations have in most instances been well
pleased with results. (Muka). NORTH CAROLINA - First crop almost
totally destroyed and farmers not treating in Warren County. Larvae
eating second cutting into roots. (Jones). IDAHO - Generally lighter,
except in some fields, in southern area. (Gittins). UTAH - Appearing
generally; injury evident some fields. (Knowlton). NEVADA - From 1
to 8 adults per 10 sweeps on alfalfa in White Pine County. PENNSYL-
VANIA - Serious damage on untreated alfalfa in south central area. All
stages present. (Pepper).

CLOVER SEED WEEVIL (Miccotrogus picirostris) - MICHIGAN - Num-
erous in debris around field edges, May 19, but none on clovers. (Hut-
son). WASHINGTON - First adults on sweetclover at Wawawai, May 23.
(Johansen).

CLOVER LEAF WEEVIL (Hypera punctata) - RHODE ISLAND - Adults
active in clover in Kingston area. (Steve). ILLINOIS - Average 8 per
square foot in northeast area; ranged from 0 to 6 elsewhere. (Ill. Ins.
Rept. ). WISCONSIN - Considerable hatch in alfalfa in southwestern area.
(Wisc. Ins. Bull.). KANSAS - Light to moderate in red clover in east
central area. One field had 1 weevil per square foot. (Matthew).

SWEETCLOVER WEEVIL (Sitona cylindricollis) - IDAHO - Extremely
abundant in clover fields in northern area. One 60-acre field of white
clover showed severe stripping in margins. (Manis). NEBRASKA -
From 1-4 per 10 sweeps in sweetclover in southeastern area. (Connin).
WASHINGTON - One adult per sweep on sweetclover at Wawawai. (Johan-
sen). Severe damage to several fields; probably heaviest since introduc-
tion into State. (Telford, Kamal).

VETCH BRUCHID (Bruchus brachialis) - MICHIGAN - Appeared in
fields at Lansing May 19. (Hutson). OKLAHOMA - Averaged 60 per 100
sweeps on hairy vetch in Grady County, 65 per 100 in Bryan County.
(Coppock).

CLOVER APHID (Anuraphis bakeri) - KANSAS - Numerous in red clover
in east central counties. (Matthew).

- 480 -

CLOVER WEEVILS (Sitona spp. ) - IDAHO - General, two per square

foot, in about 1200 acres of clover seed crops near Donnelly. (Gittins).
MINNESOTA - Sitona cylindricollis and 8S. scissifrons causing some leaf
damage in alfalfa, 1 to 5 per Sweep in southeast and 1 to 3 in south central
districn (Manns) ins wRepte Serve).

LESSER CLOVER LEAF WEEVIL (Hypera nigrirostris) - DELAWARE -
Destructive to terminals of red clover. (Milliron). PENNSYLVANIA -
Larvae active in red clover in south central area. (Pepper). MARY-
LAND - Light to moderate damage on red clover in northeastern coun-
ties. (U. Md., Ent. Dept. ). MISSOURI - Most fields of second-year
red clover has from 45 to 95 percent of plants infested with one or more
larvae. Most larvae near maturity and a few pupae in central areas.
(Kyd, Thomas). KANSAS - Light to heavy in red clover in east central
area, O-7 weevils per sweep of 15-inch net. (Matthew).

BLISTER BEETLES - LOUISIANA -_Epicauta sp., 150-500 per 100
sweeps, severely damaging white clover in Jefferson Davis Parish.
(Oliver).

PEA APHID (Macrosiphum pisi) - RHODE ISLAND - Light infestations

in clover fields in Kingston area. Developing slowly, only 1-2 per sweep
compared with 20-25 same time last year. (Kerr, Steve). CONNECTI-
CUT - From 5-8 per sweep on alfalfa in Tolland and Windham Counties,
more numerous elsewhere. (Quinton, Tunis). NEW JERSEY - Five to
eight hundred per sweep causing heavy damage in Cumberland and Salem
Counties. (Ins.-Dis. News.). PENNSYLVANIA - Increasing on alfalfa
and clover in south central area but not serious. (Pepper). DELAWARE -
Abundant on alfalfa and red clover generally and on hairy vetch in some
areas of Sussex County. (Milliron). VIRGINIA - Not a problem in
northern area. (Rowell). LOUISIANA - Remains heavy, 2000-2500 per
100 sweeps, in alfalfa in Natchitoches and Bossier Parishes. Fungus
prevalent. (Oliver). ARKANSAS - Non-economic in alfalfa in northeast
counties except north Mississippi where as high as 350-500 per sweep.
(Warren). TEXAS - Light to medium widespread on vetch in Hunt
County. (Hawkins). ILLINOIS - Migrations have occurred in south-
western counties. Up to 80 percent of aphids killed by fungus in west
southwestern area. From 50 to 100 percent of seedling plants infested

in several legume fields. (Ill. Ins. Rept.). MISSOURI - Heavy numbers,
400 to 2, OOO per sweep, continue to cause heavy damage to alfalfa over
northern two-thirds of State. Biological control continues to build up in
unsprayed fields and is slowly reducing infestations. (Kyd, Thomas).
WISCONSIN - Population increased in southwestern alfalfa about five
times over past week and further increase expected. Counts range from
3 to 42 per 100 sweeps. (Wis. Ins. Bull.). KANSAS - Moderate to heavy
in some alfalfa in Shawnee and Douglas Counties, 400 to 600 aphids per
sweep some fields. Few in southeast area where lady beetles aided by
warmer weather controlling populations. (Matthew). MINNESOTA - From
1 to 10 per sweep in alfalfa southeast and south central areas. Some
wingedforms and movement to peas expected. (Minn. Ins. Rept. Serv. ).
NEBRASKA - From 150 to 200 per 10 sweeps in southeastern area and
building up in alfalfa. (Connin, Andersen). WASHINGTON - Ten per

- 481 -

sweep in alfalfa, hairy vetch and sweetclover at Wawawai. (Johansen).
CALIFORNIA - Medium to heavy in alfalfa in Yolo County. Medium to

severe in Merced County. (Cal. Coop. Rept.). ARIZONA - Extremely
light now in alfalfa in Salt River Valley. (Ariz. Coop. Rept. ).

SPOTTED ALFALFA APHID - ARIZONA - Light, 1.2 per trifoliate leaf,
in 13 fields in Salt River Valley. Populations slightly lower than for past
two weeks, possibly due to higher temperatures and higher predator popu-
lations. (Ariz. Coop. Rept.). NEVADA - Dropped to low point in most
fields in Clark County recently. Light infestations in Lincoln County
showing build-up. Only one specimen collected in White Pine County

May 15 where fields had economic damage in 1955. (Gallaway). NEW
MEXICO - Increasing in recently cut fields. Heavy in untreated alfalfa in
Dona Ana and Eddy Counties. Medium in San Miguel County where in-
festations are being found farther north and at higher elevations. (Durkin,
May 18). UTAH - General in Kane and Washington County alfalfa. Also
occurring in southern Iron County. Parasites released in Kane and Wash-
ington Counties. (Knowlton). COLORADO — None reported to May 22.
(Expt. Sta.). KANSAS - No longer problem in previously-infested south
central and southeast areas. In general, area south of Kansas River Val-
ley has no spotted alfalfa aphid problem. Elsewhere, heavy populations
of lady beetles controlling situation at present. Non-economic infestation,
5 to 40 per 25 sweeps (mostly winged), in east central area. (Matthew,
Gates). OKLAHOMA - Decreasing in all areas; less than 5 aphids per
sweep in many fields. Lady beetles being reduced in many areas. (Cop-
pock). MISSOURI - Most fields in infested area of southwest have very
low populations, 1 to 2 aphids per 10 sweeps, although a few fields in
Green County average 10 to 20 per sweep and one field had 200 to 250 per
sweep. (Kyd, Thomas). ARKANSAS - None found in Greene, Mississippi,
Crittenden and Cross Counties. (Warren). TEXAS - Medium to heavy
local populations on alfalfa in Hunt County. (Hawkins). LOUISIANA -
Light infestations continue in infested areas. (Oliver).

YELLOW CLOVER APHID (Pterocallidium trifolii) - MISSOURI - Most
fields of red clover in northern two-thirds of State continue heavily in-
fested, 75 to over 2, 000 aphids per plant. In more heavily infested fields
entire plants covered with honeydew. (Kyd, Thomas).

PLANT BUGS - DELAWARE -_Adelphocoris rapidus nymphs common in
red clover on Primehook Neck. Leptoterna dolabratus nymphs very
abundant in grasslands over State. (Milliron). WISCONSIN - A. rapidus
and A. lineolatus hatching in Rock County. (Wisc. Ins. Bull.). NEBRAS-
KA-A. lineolatus ranges from 10 to 50 per 10 sweeps in alfalfa in south-

east. Few adults. (Connin, Andersen).

LYGUS BUGS - LOUISIANA - Lygus lineolaris, 150 per 100 sweeps, in-
festing red clover in East Baton Rouge Parish. (Oliver). MINNESOTA -
Small numbers, 1-3 per 50 sweeps, of _L. lineolaris in southeast and

south central districts. (Minn. Ins. Rept. Serv.). MISSOURI -_L. lineo-
laris and other lygus bugs range from 2-5 per sweep (nymphs) in alfalfa

over northern two-thirds of State. (Kyd, Thomas). SOUTH DAKOTA - L._
lineolaris increasing in alfalfa, up to 4 adults per 25 sweeps. (Hantsbarger).

- 482 -

UTAH - Extremely abundant in some Washington County alfalfa. (Knowl-
ton).

MEADOW SPITTLEBUG (Philaenus leucophthalmus) - DELAWARE - Num-
erous on alfalfa in several areas. Light to moderately abundant on red
clover. (Milliron). VIRGINIA - Light in some Clarke County fields.
(Gerken). MICHIGAN - Hatching nearly complete at Monroe, Jackson and
Coloma, May 21. (Hutson). WISCONSIN - Newly-hatched nymphs common
in southwestern alfalfa; 44 per 100 stems in Dane County. (Wisc. Ins.
Bull. ).

SPITTLE BUGS - ILLINOIS - Maximum population occurs in northeastern
area where average is 72 per 100 stems. Average is 27 per 100 stems in
northwestern area. Adults in southwestern section. (Ill. Ins. Rept. ).
NEW YORK - Very few spittle masses on alfalfa, May 21. (Wkly. Rept. ).
PENNSYLVANIA - Not as abundant as last year in southwest area. (Udine).
Masses more evident near top of plants. (Pepper).

LEAFHOPPERS - MINNESOTA - Leafhoppers, probably EF. fabae, ranging
up to 1 per 100 sweeps in southern tier of counties. (Minn. Ins. Rept.
Serv.). WISCONSIN - Empoasca spp. probably _E. fabae, found in all but
one field in southwestern area; 1 to 5 per 100 sweeps. (Wisc. Ins. Bull. ).
NORTH DAKOTA - No potato leafhoppers observed. (N. D. Ins. Rept. ).
OKLAHOMA - Seventeen potato leafhopper adults per 100 sweeps in Payne
County alfalfa. This is first generation to develop on alfalfa in this area
this year. (Fenton). PENNSYLVANIA - Potato leafhopper adults collected
on alfalfa in southeast area. (Menusan).

STX-SPOTTED LEAFHOPPER (Macrosteles fascifrons) - WISCONSIN -
Abundant throughout State except in northeastern area where population
low. (Wisc. Ins. Bull.). NORTH DAKOTA - A few in alfalfa at Fargo.
(N. D. Ins. Rept.). SOUTH DAKOTA - Up to 5 per 25 sweeps in wheat in
Haakon County. (Hantsbarger). MINNESOTA - From 1-5 per sweep in
southeast and 0-2 in south central district. (Minn. Ins. Rept. Serv. ).

A NITIDULID - OREGON - A beetle, probably Meligethes nigrescens,
quite abundant in Hillsboro area; 6 to 14 adults per head in one clover
field. (Prescott).

SOUTHERN CORN ROOTWORM (Diabrotica undecimpunctata howardi) -
SOUTH DAKOTA - Appearing in alfalfa; 1 to 2 beetles per 100 sweeps.
(Hantsbarger).

CLOVER MITE (Bryobia praetiosa) - IDAHO - Very abundant in lawns and
gardens in southeastern and south central areas. (Gittins).

SPIDER MITES - ARIZONA - A mite, possibly Tetranychus telarius,
light but increasing in alfalfa fields in Salt River Valley. (Ariz. Coop.
Rept. ).

BEAN LEAF BEETLE (Cerotoma trifurcata) - TENNESSEE - Damaging
newly-sprouting soybeans in western Tennessee. (Mullett).

- 483 -

ALFALFA CATERPILLAR (Colias philodice eurytheme) - IDAHO - Adults
abundant in many alfalfa fields in southeastern area. (Gittins). MINNE-
SOTA - Small numbers, 3-4 per 50 sweeps, in southeast and south central
districts. (Minn. Ins. Rept. Serv.).

CUTWORMS - ILLINOIS - Minor importance in clover but cutworms and
wireworm damage necessitating replanting in occasional corn field. Most
Gases injury less than’5 percent. (Ill. Ins. Rept.). OREGON - Consider-
able damage to crops including wheat, clover and alfalfa in Deschutes and
and Jefferson Counties, May 16. (Goeden). IDAHO - About two per square
foot on 1200 acres of clover seed fields near Donnelly. (Gittins).

WEBWORMS (_Loxostege spp.) - NEBRASKA - Very small numbers in
alfalfa in southeastern area; 1 to 2 per 10 sweeps. Some webbing.
(Connin, Andersen).

THRIPS - GEORGIA - Light to moderate infestations on peanuts throughout
south Georgia. (Drennon). TEXAS - Heavy on peanuts in one field of
Frio County. (Hunt).

FRUIT INSECTS

CODLING MOTH (Carpocapsa pomonella) - DELAWARE - About 25 per-
cent emergence at Woodside. First small larva at Bridgeville. (Stearns).
PENNSYLVANIA - First emergence in cages, Adams County. (Asquith).
INDIANA - Adult emergence especially high, May 16 and 17 and steady
May 18-21, in Vincennes area. Oviposition heavy in cages May 16-17.
(Hamilton). ILLINOIS - In cages at least 75 percent of moths emerged in
Villa Ridge, 60 percent at Anna and about 40 percent at Carbondale.

Large hatch expected. (Chandler). KANSAS - Appearing in small numbers
in northeast orchards. (Eshbaugh). MISSOURI - More adults taken in
Cape Girardeau area and a single entry reported from Columbia. The
first brood of moths is well underway. (Wkly. Rept. Fr. Grow. ).

RED-BANDED LEAF ROLLER (Argyrotaenia velutinana) - RHODE IS-
LAND - Several egg masses on apple trees in Kingston area. (Steve).
PENNSYLVANIA - Few moths, eggs nearly all hatched, larvae feeding on
water sprouts of apple in south central area. (Pepper). NEW JERSEY -
Activity still strong on apple. (Ins. -Dis. News.). DELAWARE - Active
on apple in Dover- Bridgeville area generally. (Stearns). ILLINOIS - In
all orchards in Centralia area in appreciable numbers but spotty. Control
effective. (Chandler). WISCONSIN - Active in orchards. (Wisc. Ins.
1Syoulll)):

EUROPEAN RED MITE (Metatetranychus ulmi) - MASSACHUSETTS - In
large numbers in several orchards in Amherst area. (Crop Pest Cont.
Mess.). PENNSYLVANIA - This species and two-spotted spider mite
plentiful on untreated apple in south central area. (Pepper). NEW JER-
SEY - Adults found throughout the State on apple. Some oviposition.
(Ins.-Dis. News). INDIANA - Slowly building up where control not applied
in Vincennes area. (Hamilton).

- 484 -

PLUM CURCULIO (Conotrachelus nenuphar) - NEW YORK - Feeding
punctures and oviposition scars on sweet cherries in Orange County, cut-
ing on pears in abandoned block in Dutchess County, and feeding punctures
in Columbia County. (Wkly. Rept.). PENNSYLVANIA - Cutting cherries
at Huntingdon. (Udine). NEW JERSEY - Considerable numbers found on
several varieties of blueberry. (Ins.-Dis. News.). GEORGIA - Peak of
emergence of larvae from peach drops on May 16 and peak of adult emer-
gence expected June 20 although second generation egg deposition could
start before that date. General infestation light. (Snapp). ILLINOIS -
Small numbers from jarring peach and apple in Carbondale area. Appar-
ently first brood on peach and apple over. Although generally light on
apple, in favorable places, injury could be considerable. (Chandler).
KANSAS - Light but some damage in most orchards in northeast. (Esh-
baugh). ALABAMA - Several reports received indicating extreme scarcity
on peaches. (Arant).

ROSY APPLE APHID (Anuraphis roseus) - IDAHO - Extremely abundant
generally in orchards throughout Payette and Washington Counties.
(Gittins). INDIANA - Continues troublesome in some untreated apple
orchards in Vincennes area. (Hamilton).

FRUIT TREE LEAF ROLLER (Archips cep) - NEW MEXICO -
Infestations general in apple orchards in Taos County and range from light
to heavy. Light and spotty in Rio Arriba County. (Durkin, May 18).

EASTERN TENT CATERPILLAR (Malacosoma americanum) - VIRGINIA -
Medium damage to wild cherry and apple trees in eastern Fairfax County.
(Beard). Considerable populations all through northern part of State on
wild cherry, plums and apples. (Rowell).

UNSPOTTED TENTIFORM LEAFMINER (Callisto geminatella) -
MISSOURI - Infested leaves at Cape Girardeau. (Wkly. Rept. Fr. Grow. ).
DELAWARE - First brood nearing completion at Georgetown. (Kelsey).

EUROPEAN APPLE SAWFLY (Hoplocampa testudinea) - CONNECTICUT -
Adults active and egg laying heavy on early blooming varieties of apples.
(Tunis).

CURCULIOS - NEW JERSEY - Active and severely damaged apple plant-
ings adjacent to wooded areas. In southern part of State major activity
will probably occur within next 10 days. During week of May 14 spread
throughout entire peach plantings in southern area but population con-
trolled by insecticides. On May 21 curculios again entered orchards and
control necessary. (Ins. -Dis. News. ).

LEAFHOPPERS - NEW MEXICO - Light on apples in Taos and Rio Arriba
Counties but damage noticeable. (Durkin, May 18).

GREEN PEACH APHID (Myzus persicae) - NEW MEXICO - Heavy on
peach trees in Rio Arriba County. (Durkin, May 18).

- 485 -
CATFACING INSECTS - CONNECTICUT - Active in peach. (Tunis).

ORIENTAL FRUIT MOTH (Grapholitha molesta) - MISSOURI - Fresh injury
to terminal twigs in the southeast. (Wkly. Rept. Fr. Grow.). NEW YORK -
One adult in bait jar, May 25, Monroe County. (Wkly. Rept. ).

PEAR PSYLLA (Psylla pyricola) - CALIFORNIA - Quite numerous in
Ukiah Valley of Mendocino County. This valley not known to have an in-
festation in 1955. (Cal. Coop. Rept.). NEW YORK - More eggs in Oswego
Countya sOWkly-n vept.)

FLATHEADED APPLE TREE BORER (Chrysobothris femorata) - FLORI-
DA - Larvae averaging 5-15 per plant on few small pecan trees at Monti-
cello, Jefferson County. (Phillips).

pecan tips examined in Johnston County percent destroyed by larvae.
Most first generation already pupated. No eggs seen. (Coppock).

PECAN NUT CASE BEARER (Acrobasis gaya) - OKLAHOMA - Of 300

PECAN BUD MOTH (Gretchena bolliana) - MISSISSIPPI - A very heavy in-
festation on small pecan trees in Harrison County. (McGehee).

PECAN PHYLLOXERA (Phylloxera devastatrix) - MISSISSIPPI - On pecan
twigs from Leake County May 21. Unusual for this species to attack
pecan trees in a hilly section of State. (Hutchins).

FALL WEBWORM (Hyphantria cunea) - LOUISIANA - Infesting pecan trees
in several southern areas. (Oliver).

A SCALE (Lecanium pruinosum) - CALIFORNIA - An increase over other
years in walnut orchards in Merced County. Control used. (Cal. Coop.
Rept. ).

FIG SCALE (Lepidosaphes ficus) - CALIFORNIA - Moderate infestation in
700 acres of figs in Merced County. Control used. (Cal. Coop. Rept. ).

A BEETLE (Hoplia oregona) - CALIFORNIA - Severe in some vineyards
in Merced County. (Cal. Coop. Rept. ).

BLACK CHERRY APHID (Myzus cerasi) - MICHIGAN - Eggs hatching at
Coloma, May 14. (Hutson). OREGON - Winged forms first observed in
Benton County, May 23. (Jones).

OBLIQUE-BANDED LEAF ROLLER (Archips rosaceana) - OREGON -
Fairly prevalent in filberts, prunes, apples and blueberries near Forest
Grove. (Prescott).

CLOVER MITE (Bryobia praetiosa) - CALIFORNIA - General over Lake
County in pear and prune orchards. (Cal. Coop. Rept.). NEW MEXICO -
Heavy in untreated orchards in Taos and Rio Arriba Counties. Light in
treated orchards. (Durkin, May 18).

- 486 -

MEXICAN FRUIT FLY (Anastrepha ludens) - CALIFORNIA - A single
adult male captured in trap in a sapote tree at San Ysidroin San Diego
County, May 25. This is the second Mexican fruit fly captured in Cali-
fornia and first since August 9, 1954 when a female fly was taken in a trap
at SanYsidro. (Cal. Coop. Rept. ).

MEDITERRANEAN FRUIT FLY (Ceratitis capitata) - FLORIDA - Recent
extensions include the following areas: Denaud, Hendry County; Immokalee,
Collier County; Fort Myers, Lee County; Englewood, Sarasota County;
Hicoria and Lake Placid, Highlands County; and an infestation 20 miles
east of Lake Wales in Polk County. (P. P. C. )

= 4S =

PRU CRORMINSE CARS:

MEXICAN BEAN BEETLE (Epilachna varivestis) - MISSISSIPPI - Infesta-
tions earlier than usual in Harrison County. (McGehee). SOUTH CARO-
LINA - Overwintered adults numerous in Charleston area, May 12.
Occasional egg cluster. (Reid). VIRGINIA - Some oviposition in Norfolk
area. Adults not very numerous. (Brubaker, Greenwood, Hofmaster).
NORTH CAROLINA - Unusually heavy this spring in Duplin County, most
untreated plantings completely destroyed. (Reid, Jones, Farrier). Dam-
age to beans in Columbus County. (Owen). RHODE ISLAND - First over-
wintering adult found in garden debris week of May 14. No sign of exten-
sive activity. (Steve).

BEAN LEAF BEETLE (Cerotoma trifurcata) - DELAWARE - Heavy dam-
age in Georgetown area. (Milliron). VIRGINIA - Heavy damage to beans
in Grayson and Patrick Counties. (Simpson, Olinger). Sufficient numbers
to cause considerable damage to early beans in Norfolk area. (Brubaker,
Greenwood, Hofmaster). NORTH CAROLINA - Present generally on beans
in Duplin and Sampson Counties but damage light. (Jones, Farrier).
ILLINOIS - Attacking early beans. (Ill. Ins. Rept.). MISSOURI - Beginn-
ing to show up in gardens in southeastern area. (Wkly. Rept. Fr. Grow. ).

PEA APHID (Macrosiphum pisi) - DELAWARE - Light in most commer-
cial plantings in Lincoln area, moderately abundant on Primehook Neck.
(Milliron). VIRGINIA - Some growers still treating peas on Eastern
Shore. (Brubaker, Greenwood, Hofmaster).

EUROPEAN CORN BORER (Pyrausta nubilalis) - DELAWARE - Continues
to deposit eggs on potatoes, Dover southward. (Milliron).

POTATO FLEA BEETLE (Epitrix cucumeris) - DELAWARE - Trouble-
some on potatoes throughout State. (Milliron), PENNSYLVANIA - Adults
plentiful on potato, tomato and tobacco in York and Lancaster Counties.
Injury apparent. (Pepper).

TOBACCO FLEA BEETLE (Epitrix hirtipennis) - NORTH CAROLINA -
County-wide infestations in Alamance and Granville Counties. Attacking
tomato and potato as well as tobacco. (Corbett, Chamberlin).

TOMATO PSYLLID (Paratrioza cockerelli) - COLORADO - Adult counts
On matrimonyvine average 90 per 100 sweeps. Of concern to potato and
tomato growers. Control recommended, Larimer County. (Exp. Sta. ).

GARDEN SPRINGTAIL (Bourletiella hortensis) - CONNECTICUT - Gen-
erally abundant at Mt. Carmel and feeding on foliage of spinach seedlings.
(Quinton). DELAWARE - Troublesome generally on potatoes and toma-
toes. Attacking spinach at Newark. More abundant in State than for past
several years. (Milliron).

- 488 =

CUTWORMS - DELAWARE - Agrotis ypsilon destructive to cabbage in
several areas. (Milliron). PENNSYLVANIA - Damaging large planting
of tomatoes in Dauphin County. Controls necessary. (Gesell . NEW
JERSEY - Damaging in Great Meadows area. (Ins. Div. News. ye

UTAH - Damaging tomato and cabbage sets in number of counties.
(Knowlton). WASHINGTON - Euxoa ochrogaster damaging potatoes near
Zillah. (Landis).

COLORADO POTATO BEETLE (Leptinotarsa decemlineata) - IDAHO -
Adults abundant in many potato fields throughout southern area and espec-
ially heavy in some fields of Canyon and Payette Counties. (Gittins, Bech-
tolt) WASHINGTON - Eggs unusually abundant on early-crop potatoes at
Zillah. (Landis). OKLAHOMA - Building up rapidly in Okmulgee County.
(Smith). MISSOURI - This species along with flea beetles and a tortoise
beetle (Gratiana pallidula) severely injured Irish potatoes in the Columbia
area. (Wkly. Rept. Fr. Grow.). NORTH CAROLINA - County-wide in-
festations on potatoes in Columbus County. (Owens). SOUTH CAROLINA-
First-brood adults emerging at Charleston, May 12. (Reid). DELAWARE-
Active on untreated potatoes throughout State. Feeding on tomatoes and
laying eggs in several areas. (Milliron).

BLISTER BEETLES - TEXAS - Light to medium widespread on tomatoes
in Van Zandt County. (Berry).

CABBAGE MAGGOT (Hylemya brassicae) - NEW JERSEY - Moderately
heavy oviposition on cabbage in Warren County. Expect untreated plants
will be destroyed or heavily damaged. (Ins. Dis. News). MASSACHU-
SETTS - Egg laying heavy in Amherst area. (Crop Pest Cont. Mess. ).
NORTH CAROLINA - Local infestations in Yancey County. (Dillingham).
PENNSYLVANIA - Six puparia per square foot on cabbage in Luzerne
County. (Gesell).

IMPORTED CABBAGEWORM (Pieris rapae) - MICHIGAN - First adult,
May 11. (Hutson). DELAWARE - Moderate damage generally. (Milliron).
SOUTH CAROLINA - This species and cabbage looper abundant on late
spring cabbage at Charleston May 16. (Reid).

CABBAGE SEEDPOD WEEVIL (Ceutorhynchus assimilis) - IDAHO - Adults
extremely abundant in turnip seed fields of Canyon County. Populations as
high as 8 per sweep. (Gittins).

CABBAGE APHID (Brevicoryne brassicae) - TEXAS - Heavy local popula-
tions on cabbage in Uvalde County. (Richardson). . DELAWARE - Serious
near Georgetown. (Milliron).

STRIPED CUCUMBER BEETLE (Acalymma vittata) - NORTH CAROLINA-
Unusually numerous and persistent on squash in Duplin County this spring.
(Reid). DELAWARE - Abundant in untreated squash, cucumbers and water-
melons throughout Sussex County. (Milliron).

= GESI)

LEAF MINERS (Liriomyza spp. ) - ARIZONA - General but light in all
fields of cantaloup and honeydew melons in the Salt River Valley, May 1’7-
22, (Ariz. Coop. Rept.). NEW MEXICO - Damaging tomato plants in Lea
County and cucumbers and alfalfa in Dona Ana County. (Durkin, May 18).

SWEETPOTATO FLEA BEETLE (Chaetocnema confinis) - LOUISIANA -
Infesting sweetpotato plant beds at. 300 per 100 sweeps, St. Landry Parish.
(Oliver).

RHUBARB CURCULIO (Lixus concavus) - WISCONSIN - Active and punc-
turing rhubarb petioles. (Wis. Ins. Bul. ).

SUGAR-BEET ROOT MAGGOT (Tetanops myopaeformis) - COLORADO -
Peak emergence, May 18, Weld County. (Exp. Sta. ).

BEET WEBWORM (Loxostege sticticallis) - COLORADO - Heavy flights in
Larimer County, May 19-20. (Exp. Sta. ).

BEET LEAFHOPPER (Circulifer tenellus) - TEXAS - Medium to heavy
local populations on beets in Dimmit and Zavala Counties. Breeding on
beets and Russian-thistle. (Richardson).

onion fields. (Cal. Coop. Rept.). NEW MEXICO - Frankliniella sp.
Thrips tabaci damaging onions in Las Cruces area. Most growers spray-
ing. (Durkin, May 18).

THRIPS - CALIFORNIA - Thrips tabaci fairly heavy in Imperial County

ONION MAGGOT (Hylemya antiqua) - IDAHO - Damage common in many
onion fields throughout Canyon County. (Bechtolt).

ASPARAGUS BEETLE (Crioceris asparagi) - DELAWARE - Destroying
spears at Slaughter Beach. Adults prevalent generally. (Milliron).
UTAH - Infesting asparagus at Hunter and Ogden. (Knowlton).

TWO-SPOTTED SPIDER MITE (Tetranychus telarius) - WASHINGTON -
Appearing much earlier than usual on hops near Moee, week ending May
185 (Landis).

CUTWORM ON STRAWBERRIES - WEST VIRGINIA - Feltia sp. destroyed
two-thirds of plants in 2 acres of strawberries, Greenbrier County.
(Dorsey, Hansen).

STRAWBERRY LEAF ROLLER (Ancylis comptana fragariae) - MICHIGAN-
Adults and larvae numerous in strawberry plants 1n vicinity of Coloma,
Watersmeet and Benton Harbor. (Hutson). IDAHO - In strawberry fields
in Parma area. (Walz, Gittins).

STRAWBERRY WEEVIL (Anthonomus signatus) - WISCONSIN - Puncturing

strawberry blossoms in Dane County. (Wis. Ins. Bul.). NEW YORK -

Injury in one planting, Wayne County and fairly heavy population in 6 fields
in Herkimer County. (Wkly. Rept. ).

- 490 -

SPIDER MITES - VIRGINIA - Serious populations on strawberries in Nor-
folk area reduced by rains. (Brubaker, Greenwood, Hofmaster).

A NITIDULID (Lobiopa insularis) - LOUISIANA - Heavily infesting straw-
berry fields over strawberry belt. This was one factor causing the closing
of the cold pack season of strawberries in Tangipahoa, St. Tammany and
Livingston Parishes, (Oliver).

FLOWER THRIPS (Frankliniella tritici) - MICHIGAN - Adults abundant on
strawberries at Millburg. (Hutson).

FLEA BEETLES - SOUTH CAROLINA - Damage to eggplant very serious
in Lancaster May 15. (Cannon, Nettles). NEW MEXICO - Damaging
tomato seedlings in L<a and Dona Ana Counties. (Durkin, May 18).

TOBACCO INSECTS

WIREWORMS - NORTH CAROLINA - Attacking 5 acres of newly-set to-
bacco in Northampton County. (Jameson). VIRGINIA - Medium infestation
in 5-acre field of newly-set tobacco in Pittsylvania County. (Dominick).

TOBACCO FLEA BEETLE (Epitrix hirtipennis) - NORTH CAROLINA -
Generally abundant on newly-set tobacco in Granville and Yancey Counties.
(Chamberlin, Dillingham). Present but not serious in Northampton
County. (Jameson). Moderate damage to one acre of aromatic tobacco
and some damage in plant beds, Richmond County. (Scoit).

VEGETABLE WEEVIL (Listroderes costirostris obliquus) - NORTH
CAROLINA - Damaging 4 acres of field tobacco but not seriously in North-
ampton County. (Jameson).

TOBACCO BUDWORM (Heliothis virescens) - GEORGIA - General in fields
checked in Cook County. (Smith). FLORIDA - Averaging one larva per
sun tobacco plant at Quincy, Gadsden County. Several properties in county
reported infested, May 10. (May, Tappan).

GREEN PEACH APHID (Myzus persicae) - MARYLAND - Light on tobacco
in beds, week ending May 18, inSt. Marys County. (U. Md., Ent. Dept. ).
FLORIDA - Adults lightly infesting 10 acres of tobacco at Bland, Alachua
County, May 2. (Ghent:

HORNWORMS (Protoparce spp. ) - NORTH CAROLINA - First egg of season
on tobacco, May 19, near Whiteville. (Guthrie, Lawson). First moths
taken in light traps at Faison, May 17 and at Clayton, May 21. ‘This is 2-3
weeks later than usual. (Rabb, Farrier).

- 491 -

COTTON INSECTS

BOLL WEEVIL (Anthonomus grandis) - ALABAMA - Numerous adults
appearing on young cotton. Population counts in central area ranged from
376 to 1,984 per acre. Average was 1,073. (Robertson, Arant).

TEXAS - Twenty-four per acre in 10 fields in McLennan and Falls Coun-
ties compared with 90 per acre in 10 fields at same time last year.
(Parencia et al.) Activity increasing in lower valley, light to heavy in-
festations with some fields having 70-80 percent infestations. (Deer).

A few overwintered weevils in Brazoria and Jackson Counties. Light in-
festations in Lavaca County and Bell County. (Fuller, Martin, May 22).
ARKANSAS - Adults emerging in southwest area and in Desha County;
some terminal injury. (Warren). LOUISIANA - Found in 19 of 32 fields
examined in Tallulah area at rate of 117 weevils per acre for all fields.
This compares with 183 for same time in 1955 and 242 in 1954. Survival
in cages to May 23 was 1.08 compared with .76 to same date in 1955.
(Gaines, Pfrimmer et al.) From 5-10 per 100 feet of row in Natchitoches
Parish. Occasional weevil in several other parishes. (Oliver). MISS-
ISSIPPI - More weevils in some cotton fields in delta counties than ever
recorded before on young cotton; as high as 13 per 50 feet of row. Dam-
age to terminals and leaf feeding common in many fields. Treatment to
reduce populations continues in older cotton. (Merkl, Furr etal. ).
GEORGIA - Heavy in Baker and Cook Counties. (Smith, Drennon).
TENNESSEE - No evidence of carryover in western counties having in-
festations last year. (Locke). NORTH CAROLINA - Average 2.5 per
100 cotton seedlings in Scotland County. (McMahan). One to 3 per 100
plants in 3 fields in Cleveland County. (Mistric).

BOLLWORMS - TEXAS - Medium infestations in Jim Wells and Kleberg
Counties. (Fuller, Martin). Some increase in lower Rio Grande Valley.
(Deer). NORTH CAROLINA - Appearing on cotton in Scotland County.
(McMahan). ;

PINK BOLI.WORM (Pectinophora gossypiella) - TEXAS - Bloom inspec-
tion in lower Rio Grande Valley shows reduction in population and percent
of fields infested compared with 1955. For example, Hidalgo County had
9 pink bollworms per 100, 000 blooms and 7 percent of fields infested
against 40 per 100, 000 blooms and 17 percent last year. (PBW Cont.
Proj.). OKLAHOMA - Inspection of 813 bolls from standing stalks and

1, 087 bolls from surace debris from the countiss of Cleveland, Grady,
Cotton, Jackson, Jefferson, Love, and Tillman yielded 21 live and 81
dead pink bollworm larvae from standing stalks, and one live and 53 dead
larvae from surface debris. (Coppock et al. ).

BROWN COTTON LEAFWORM (Acontia dacia) - TEXAS - A few small
larvae in several fields in Waco area. (Parencia et al.). LOUISIANA -
Decreased in cotton in Natchitoches Parish; only occasional larva.
(Oliver).

SPIDER MITES - NEW MEXICO - Light in Eddy County. (Durkin, May
18). TEXAS - Building up in lower Rio Grande Valley. (Deer).
GEORGIA - Light in Henry County. (Hinton).

- 492 -

COTTON FLEAHOPPERS - TEXAS - Increase in adults over last week,
occasional nymph in McLennan and Falls Counties. Counts of 1.1 per

100 feet of row in 10 fields compared with 6.1 for same time last year.
(Parencia et al.). Light damage on older cotton in Maverick County.
Increasing many parts of coastal bend area; heavy some fields in Kleberg
County. Light in south central and several other areas. Light to medium
infestations in Bell and Williamson Counties. (Fuller, Martin). ARIZONA -
P. seriatus adults and nymphs numerous on globemallow in Pinal County,
May 22. (Ariz. Coop. Rept.). ARKANSAS - From 0-5 P. seriatus per
10 sweeps in roadside vegetation in Greene and Clay Counties. (Warren).
MISSISSIPPI - Common in many fields not treated for thrips in delta
counties. (Merkl, Furr et al.). GHORGIA - P. seriatus) light in Henry,
Paeaek (Hinton). TENNESSEE - Small numbers in southwest Tennessee.
Locke).

THRIPS - ARIZONA - Frankliniella spp. generally light May 18 but in-
creasing in areas of Yuma and Cochise Counties. (Ariz. Coop. Rept. ).
NEW MEXICO - Frankliniella sp. and Thrips tabaci light to heavy on cot-
ton in Dona Ana and Eddy Counties. Damage in some untreated fields.
(Durkin, May 18). TEXAS - Light in southwest, coastal bend areas.
Light to medium some fields in upper coastal and north central areas.
Light damage in south central area. Some heavy infestations in east,
central and north central counties. (Fuller, Martin). MISSOURI - Aver-
age of 1-2 thrips per 10 plants in 10 fields of early cotton in New Madrid
and Pemiscot Counties. (Adkisson). ARKANSAS - Non-existent to

light. (Warren). LOUSIANA - Light to medium in many fields in Tallulah
area, severe in afew fields. (Gaines, Pfrimmer etal.). MISSISSIPPI -
Large numbers in many fields but cotton about past thrips damage stage
in delta counties. (Merkl, Furr et al.). GEORGIA - Light to moderate
in Elbert, Madison, Jackson, Newton and Spalding Counties. (Beckham,
Johnson). TENNESSEE - Very light in west Tennessee. (Locke).
NORTH CAROLINA - Severe damage in a few widely-scattered fields in
Cleveland County. (Mistric). Population variable in Union County, some
feeding evident. (Spyhalski).

APHIDS - ARIZONA - Aphis gossypii generally light on cotton May 18.
Parasites effective at Tempe and Bowie. (Ariz. Coop. Rept.). NEW
MEXICO -_A. gossypii and_A. medicaginis light in Eddy and Dona Ana
Counties. (Durkin, May 18). TEXAS - Increasing some fields upper coast-
alarea. (Fuller, Martin). ARKANSAS - Infestations spotty. (Warren).
GEORGIA - Light in Jackson County. (Sell). TENNESSEE - Generally
light in west Tennessee. (Locke). NORTH CAROLINA - Light in Union
County. (Spyhalski).

FLEA BEETLES - GEORGIA - Moderate infestations of Systena in Elbert,
Madison, Jackson, Newton and Spalding Counties. (Beckham, Sell,
Johnson). TENNESSEE - Cotton infested with several species. Flea
beetles unusually prevalent. (Mullett). SOUTH CAROLINA - Damage in
some areas. (Nettles).

= 493) -

FOREST, ORNAMENTAL AND SHADE TREE INSECTS

PINE SAWF'LIES (Neodiprion spp. ) - MARYLAND - Serious infestations

of N. pratti on Virginia pine in Montgomery, Howard and Prince Georges
Counties. (U. Md., Ent. Dept.). DELAWARE - Somewhat more abundant
at Petersburg but decreasing at Georgetown. (Milliron). WISCONSIN -

N. nanulus hatching in south central area, May 19. (Wisc. Ins. Bull. ).
MICHIGAN -_N. pinetum hatching in Berrien County May 18. First larvae
of N. sertifer in Ingham County May 13. (Hutson).

EUROPEAN PINE SHOOT MOTH (Rhyacionia buoliana) - MICHIGAN -
Spinning webs and active May 1 to 10 south of line running from Muskegon
to Bay City. (Hutson). WISCONSIN - Feeding on new growth at Janes-
ville. (Wisc. Ins. Bull.). PENNSYLVANIA - Problem in some areas.
(Guyton).

CANKERWORMS - PENNSYLVANIA - More abundant in northern section
of southeast area. (Menusan). WISCONSIN - Newly-hatched larvae on
deciduous trees in southern area. (Wisc. Ins. Bull. ).

GEOMETRIDS - WEST VIRGINIA - Heavy feeding on broadleaf trees in
Greenbrier County. (Dorsey, Hansen).

EASTERN TENT CATERPILLAR (Malacosoma americanum) - PENNSYL-
VANIA - Serious this year in southern half of State. Now migrating.
(Guyton). Very abundant in northeast and southwest areas. (Gesell,
Udine).

FOREST TENT CATERPILLAR (Malacosoma disstria) - MINNESOTA -
Hatching complete as far north as Two Harbors on north shore of Lake

Superior. (Minn. Ins. Rept. Serv.). WISCONSIN - First-instar larvae
achive imnonth centralvarea. (Wisc. Ins. Bull):

TENT CATERPILLARS - OREGON - Not causing serious damage. In-
festations on roadsides spotty. Malacosoma disstria heavily parasitized.
M. fragilis has appeared in large numbers, 5 tents per roadside shrub
for 5 mile distance. (Gentner).

ELM LEAF BEETLE (Galerucella xanthomelaena) - TENNESSEE - Ap-
pearing across State. (Mullett), ARKANSAS - Eggs and larvae of first
generation found as far north as Paragould. Larvae will be heavy and
controls warranted. (Warren).

BIRCH LEAF MINER (Fenusa pusilla) - RHODE ISLAND - Adults very
active and abundant on birches in Kingston area. (Steve).

GYPSY MOTH (Porthetria dispar) - PENNSYLVANIA - Total of 11, 000
acres sprayed in Wayne and Pike Counties. (Guyton).

PINE BARK APHID (Pineus strobi) - VIRGINIA - Severely damaged young
pines in Grayson County. (Rowell).

- 494 -

COLORADO - Moderately heavy flight on May 19, Larimer County.
(Exp. (Stal):

SMALLER EUROPEAN ELM BARK BEETLE (Scolytus multistriatus) -

PINE SPITTLEBUG (Aphrophora parallela) - PENNSYLVANIA - Very
heavy in 15-year old pine planting in Indiana County. Light in a 7-year
planting. (Udine). DELAWARE - Numerous on loblolly pine at Peters-
burg. (Milliron).

ASH PLANT BUG (Neoborus amoenus) - CALIFORNIA - Medium infesta-
tions in ash trees in Tehama County; medium to heavy in Yolo County.
(CalkiCoopy Reps):

SPRUCE BUDWORM (Choristoneura fumiferana) - MINNESOTA - Larvae
mining needles of oalsam fir in northeast area. All larvae have emerged
from hibernacula. (Minn. Ins. Rept. Serv. ).

COTTONY-MAPLE SCALE (Pulvinaria innumerabilis) - WASHINGTON -
Considerable damage on silver maple at Pullman. (Telford).

A TINGID - WASHINGTON - Seriously damaging serviceberries and wild
hawthorn near Pullman. (Telford, Kamal).

A HOLLY BUDMOTH (Rhopobota naevana ilicifoliana) - OREGON - Con-
siderable damage in Multnomah and Clackamas Counties. Larvae nearing
maturity. (Larson).

TULIPTREE SCALE (Toumeyella liriodendri) - NORTH CAROLINA -
Heavy on Japanese magnolia in Robeson County. (Wray).

OYSTERSHELL SCALE (Lepidosaphes ulmi) - NORTH DAKOTA - Heavy
infestations on cotoneaster in LaMoure and Steele Counties. (N. D. Ins.
Rept):

EUROPEAN EARWIG (Forficula auricularia) - RHODE ISLAND - Adults
active at Kingston. (Steve).

ROSE-SLUGS - MISSOURI - Causing much injury to roses in central areas.
(Wkly. Rept. Fr. Grow. ).

APHIDS - COLORADO - Continue to develop into damaging numbers on
ornamentals, alfalfa, fruits. Favorable conditions. (Exp. Sta.).

- 495 -
INSECTS AFFECTING MAN AND ANIMALS

HORN F'LY (Siphona irritans) - OKLAHOMA - Rapidly increasing in Ok-
mulgee County, serious in some localities. (Smith). Heavy, widespread
infestations in most western areas. (Coppock). LOUISIANA - Attacking
cattle, averaging about 200 per head on 280 steers, West Feliciana
Parish. (Oliver). ALABAMA - Abundant throughout most of State.
(Blake). VIRGINIA - Light to moderate on cattle at stock yards in
Christiansburg (Turner), and light to moderate on cattle at Charlotte
Courthouse (Morris). PENNSYLVANIA - Light infestation on cattle at
Lucerne, Indiana County. (Gesell).

HOUSE FLY (Musca domestica) - ALABAMA - Increasingly numerous in
many parts of State. (Arant). NORTH CAROLINA - A nuisance in Rich-
mond, Stanly and Chatham Counties. (Scott).

HORSE FLIES (Tabanus spp.) - LOUISIANA - T. atratus, T. americanus

and Tabanus (prob. lineola) very numerous about cattle late in the evening
in West Feliciana, Pointe Coupee and Iberville Parishes. (Oliver).

SCRE W-WORM (Callitroga hominivorax) - NORTH CAROLINA - Infesta-
tion in cow and lamb in Davie County. (Jones, Dogger).

SECONDARY SCRE W- WORM (Callitroga macellaria) - FLORIDA -
Adults averaged 100 per swarm in Franklin County, May 11. (Duggar).

MOSQUITOES - VIRGINIA - A problem in homes in Cumberland County.
(Seay). NORTH CAROLINA - Psorophora howardi biting near Surf City.
(Cromroy). SOUTH CAROLINA - More numerous in homes at York than
during past few years. (Nettles, Lawrence). LOUISIANA - Populations
of Aedes spp. heavy in Pointe Coupee, Iberville, West Feliciana and As-
Sumption Parishes. (Oliver). COLORADO - All stages of Culex tarsalis,
vector of equine encephalomyelitis, in Weld County, May 16. (U.S. Pub.
Health Serv.). NORTH DAKOTA -_Aedes spencerii appearing in Fargo
area. (N.D. Ins. Rept.). RHODE ISLAND - Adults of Aedes cantator
emerged in Point Judith area and A. canadensis in Kingston area. First
spring brood of Culex pipiens adults in Kingston area. (Steve).

AMERICAN DOG TICK (Dermacentor variabilis) - VIRGINIA - Heavier
than usual in Blacksburg area, Montgomery County. (Turner). PENN-
SYLVANIA - On children and dogs in Montgomery, Chester and Northamp-
ton Counties. (Menusan). NORTH DAKOTA - Infesting lawns and attack-
ing children on farm near Niagara, Grand Forks County. (N. D. Ins.
Rept. ).

LONE STAR TICK (Amblyomma americanum) - MARYLAND - Two speci-
mens found on a man Operating a bird-banding station, West Ocean City,
Worcester County, Mayil2 Det. W.yE Bickley.) (U2 Md.) Ent. Depts):
NORTH CAROLINA - In Carteret County. (Cromroy).

FOWL TICK (Argas persicus) - NORTH CAROLINA - Extremely severe
local infestation on chickens in Catawba County. (Harkema).

- 496 -
SLORED PRODUCTS INSECTS

KHAPRA BEETLE (Trogoderma granarium) - WISCONSIN - Survey of
five seed houses, five feed dealers and two malting establishments in
Milwaukee, Madison, Beaver Dam, Brandon, Oshkosh and Berlin yield
no specimens. (Wisc. Ins, Bul. ).

BENEFICIAL INSECTS

LADY BEETLES - MINNESOTA - Common in southeast district. (Minn.
Ins. Rept. Serv. ). ARIZONA - High populations of Hippodamia conver-

ens developing in many alfalfa fields in Yuma correlated with decrease
of spotted alfalfa aphid. (Ariz. Coop. Rept.). IDAHO - Several species
especially abundant in all alfalfa fields throughout southeastern and south-
central areas. (Gittins).

PREDATORS - OKLAHOMA - Collops quadrimaculatus very abundant, 58
per 100 sweeps; Hippodamia convergens 11 per 100 sweeps compared with
36 last week; Orius tristicolor compared with 11 last week. All col] -
lected in Payne County. (Fenton).

A KLAMATHWEED BEETLE (Chrysolina hyperici)- WASHINGTON - Eggs
to third instar on klamathweed near Pullman. (Telford, Kamal).

A BRACONID PARASITE (Ascogaster quadridentata) - WASHINGTON -
Thirty percent parasitism of overwintering codling moth larvae on un-
treated apple tree at Pullman, March17. (Johansen).

A DAMSEL BUG (Nabis sp.) - SOUTH DAKOTA - Increasing in alfalfa;
3 adults per 25 sweeps. (Hantsbarger).

MISCELLANEOUS INSECTS

OLD HOUSE BORER (Hylotrupes bajulus) - PENNSYLVANIA - Numerous
requests from householders in Northampton, Lebanon and Berks Counties.
(Menusan). SOUTH CAROLINA - Reported from Columbia. Det. D.
Dunavan. (Nettles).

MAYFLIES - VIRGINIA - Interfering with business at tourist court near
Roanoke River, at Shawsville. (Raffenperger).

EASTERN TENT CATERPILLAR (Malacosoma americanum) - MARY-
LAND - Larvae migrating from wild cherry and fruit trees and causing
annoyance to residents in Baltimore suburbs. (U. Md., Ent. Dept. ).
VIRGINIA - Leaving nests and crawling over lawns and porches in large
numbers in eastern Fairfax County. (Beard). Larvae crawling on lawns,
across streets and on highways and so thick in some towns in northern
part of State that people had to avoid stepping on them. (Rowell).

- 497 -

ELM LEAF BEETLE (Galerucella xanthomelaena) - PENNSYLVANIA -
Severe nuisance in eastern half of State. (Guyton).

EASTERN SUBTERRANEAN TERMITE (Reticulitermes flavipes) -
MICHIGAN - Reports of swarms numerous, May 1 Oto 18 in area south
of the line Manistee to Bay City. (Hutson).

ADDITIONAL NOTES

IOWA - Spot infestations of WIREWORMS damaging corn in Hamilton,
Hancock, Marion, O'Brien and Polk Counties. Sod webworms, cutworms,
seed-corn maggots, imbricated snout beetles and timothy billbugs re-
ported active in localized areas. CORN FLEA BEETLES damaging corn
in O'Brien County. EUROPEAN CORN BORER pupation reached the 50%
point over southern half of Iowa for the week ending May 26; 10-20%
pupation in central lowa. CHINCH BUGS active in both corn and oats in
southern third of State. Up to 12 adults per corn plant in some fields and
2-4 adults per square foot of oats. GRASSHOPPERS becoming more num-
erous as hatching proceeds. PEA APHIDS on alfalfa increasing to damag-
ing point in south and central area. LADY BEETLES and LACE WING
FLIES increasing. LESSER CLOVER LEAF WEEVIL larvae evident in
scattered areas. GRAPE BERRY MOTHS emerging in south and central
Iowa. PEACH TREE BORERS pupating at Knoxville. SPIDER MITES be-
ginning to cause damage in berries in drought area. HORN FLIES con-
tinue to increase in numbers. Some herds in southern Iowa averaging

300 flies per animal. SQUASH VINE BORERS pupating in central Iowa.
DIAMONDBACK MOTH and CABBAGE APHIDS present on cabbage gener-
ally over State. POTATO FLEA BEETLES damaging recently set tomato,
egg plants, and other hosts. SPOTTED CUCUMBER BEETLES generally
evident over southern half of State. ROSE APHIDS and LEAFHOPPERS
present in numbers. (Harris).

FR RRR KK

CORRECTIONS: CEIR 6(21):458. Under codling moth in Oregon (Hood
River), change May 14 to read May 16. Also on page 456 under cherry
fruit fly in Oregon, change to read "emerged at The Dalles on May 16"
in place of Hood River on May 14. (Capizzi).

CEIR 6(19):405. Under light trap collections at Tallulah, Louisiana,
change ‘Trichoplusia ni to read Rachiplusia ou.

CEIR 6(21)468. Under predators, Nevada, change damselflies to read
damsel bugs. Under LIGHT TRAPS p. 470, delete Indiana records;
these records from bait traps. Also delete Indiana records under LIGHT
TRAPS in CEIR 6(20) :4382.

- 498 -

LIGHT TRAP COLLECTIONS Pseud. Agrotis Prod. Perid. Feltia Heliothis Protoparce Chor.
unipun. ypsilon ornith. marg. subt. zea viresc. sexta quing. Auxil.

ALABAMA
Auburn 5/20=26 41 9 16 12
ARKANSAS (Counties)
Hope 5/13-24, it 8 2
Stuttgart 5/17=23 6 2 3
Fayetteville 5/19-25 10 4 6
TEXAS
Ferrell 5/7-21 280 6 24 13 12
SOUTH DAKOTA
Brookings 6/22=25 16 44
TENNESSEE (Counties)
Shelby 5/15-21 120 4 10 il
Madison 64 8
Lawrence 5 2
Maury 8 3 1 2 2 6
Robertson 12 il
Cumberland 6 5 2
Knox 5 Aba) 9
Greene 43 6 4 5 4 1
Blount il 4 3 3
Marion at
Johnson 27 19 8 4
FLORIDA
Sanford 5/15 4
Homestead 5/17 21
Quincy 5/16 4
Monticello 5/16 1
KANSAS
Manhattan 5/25 17
NORTH CAROLINA
Clayton 5/23-24 2 1 il 1
INDIANA (Counties)
Lawrence 5/14-22 32 6 10
Tippecanoe 87 13 3
GEORGIA (Counties)
- Tift 5/13-19 4 30 10 Gly © ls} 3 18 5
Spalding 5/12-18 13 11 2 2 27 a1 1 9
MISSISSIPPI (Counties) 5/25
Coahoma 7 11 3 2
Humphreys 41 4 2 5 3 3
Lauderdale 9
Oktibbeha a1 2 3 6 4 12 2
*Washington 5/18-24 848 240 613 58
LOUISIANA
*Tallulah 5/19-25 98 23 13 35 23 66 3 22
Curtis 5/17-21 al 8 19 14 21 28
Baton Rouge 5/19-25 il 9 42 5 18 29
Franklin 5/18-23 10 18 8 22 20
ILLINOIS
Urbana 5/18-24 12 4
SOUTH CAROLINA
Charleston 5/13 1 3 4 3 2 1 3
Clemson 5/20-26 5 / 28 12 6 13 9
Florence 5/12-18 24 al 3 51 42, 3
NORTH DAKOTA
Fargo 5/20-21 3
WISCONSIN
Deforest 5/18=23 10 1

*Two traps, Washington; three traps, Tallulah.

- 499 -
WEATHER FOR THE WEEK ENDING MAY 28, 1956

Last week's weather was similar in many respects to that of the previous
week as temperatures for both weeks averaged much below normal in the
Northeast, much above in the northern Rockies, and about normal else-
where, and moderate to heavy precipitation fell in a wide belt from Mis-
souri northeastward through the Ohio Valley. The chief differences, lower
temperatures in the Northeast, and the extension of the belt of generous
rainfall over extensive areas of the Great Plains with additional moderate
to heavy amounts over large portions of Colorado and Wyoming and the
central and northern Great Basin, were the outstanding features of last
week's weather.

As a cold air mass from Canada moved across the northeastern quarter of
the country on the 24th and 25th, minimum temperatures fell below the
freezing level from Michigan to New England and in scattered areas as far
south as Kentucky and Virginia. n northern New England on the morning
of the 25th minima were 6~ to 12” below freezing with a low of 12° at
Cavendish, Vt., and nearly all stations in the section reported their lowest
temperatures for so late in the season. Some of these late season lows
were: Nantucket, Mass., 279; Harrisburg, Pa., and Cleveland, Ohio,
35°; Hartford, Conn., Providence, R. I. , and Charleston, W. Va., BBO
Caribou and Portlands) Maine, 27 -\Burlington, Vit.4 23"; Albany, Nev Yen
830°; Richmond, Va., 41°; and Raleigh, N. C., 43°. Preliminary estimates
of damage in New England were placed at $10, 000, 000 with fruit losses
accounting for one-half the total. Crop losses in New Jersey were esti-
mated at hundreds of thousands of dollars. Additional losses, less severe
and of unestimated extent, were reported from New York, Michigan, Penn-
sylvania, Maryland, and Delaware.

Drought areas in the Great Plains which received moderate to heavy rains
were central and western Nebraska, all of Kansas except the northcentral,
northeast, and extreme southeast portions, virtually all of Oklahoma,
western Texas except the extreme southwest, the eastern third of New
Mexico, and Colorado except the northeastern portions.

In the Great Basin of the Far West rains maintained good moisture con-
ditions in northern areas, but increased the flood threat in Idaho, western
Wyoming, and northern Utah where streams were already high from melt-
ing snow. ‘The first part of the week was relatively warm over nearly the
entire country with daytime temperatures at or above the 90° level over
all the South and in the Mississippi Valley as far north as Milwaukee, Wis.
(Summary Supplied by U. S. Weather Bureau).

- 500 -
SUMMARY OF INSECT CONDITIONS - 1955
CALIFORNIA
Compiled by Stewart Lockwood

Cereal and Forage Insects

GRASSHOPPERS caused approximately $1, 390, 176 in crop and range
damage. Control was applied to approximately 78, 868 acres protecting
153, 582 acres of high valued crops at an estimated savings of $6, 583, 695.
Melanoplus devastator was dominant foothill species; Oedaleonotus enigma
was intermixed with other species in localized areas; and_Camnula pellu-
cida predominated at higher elevations. Other species of importance: _
M. marginatus, M. femur-rubrum, M. differentialis, M. mexicanus,
Sticthippus californicus, and Trimerotropis spp. Unidentified species of
MITES were injurious to alfalfa and alfalfa seed crops in a number of
counties. PEA APHID (Macrosiphum pisi) damage was heavy in scattered
localities in 1955. Control was generally successful. SPOTTED ALFAL-
FA APHID - In many areas infestation was so new in 1955 the exact place
of this insect in the economics of alfalfa production is still undeveloped.
However, in 21 counties crop loss from the aphid on 726, 000 acres was
estimated by Agricultural Commissioners at $9, 330, 000 plus expense of
treatments, $3, 521, OOO -- total $12, 851,000. Crop losses per acre in
counties where infestations were widespread ranged from an estimated
$8. 00 to $36. OO with an approximate average of $10.00. A number of
predatory insects have been observed destroying this aphid. Fungus dis-
eases have been found destroying the pest also.

CLOVER SEED CHALCID (Bruchophagus gibbus) was medium to heavy

in alfalfa seed crops in Imperial County. CLOVER ROOT CURCULIO
(Sitona hispidula) caused some severe damage to clover during early
spring in northern border counties. RUSTY PLUM APHID (Hysteroneura
setariae) was first found in California on unidentified grass in Imperial
County. ENGLISH GRAIN APHID (Macrosiphum granarium) infestations
during May were heavy in some wheat fields in Santa Barbara and San
Luis Obispo Counties. APPLE GRAIN APHID (Rhopalosiphum fitchii)
was heavy on Merion bluegrass in Kern County. Some heavy infestations
of BROWN WHEAT MITE (Petrobia latens) occurred in northern counties.
Barley was the principal host crop. TADPOLE SHRIMPS (Aphus oryza-
phagus and_A. biggsi), while widespread over rice growing areas of the
State, these pests were not as abundant as in 1954. A WHEAT SAWFLY
(Pachynematus sporax) - 16, 800 acres of wheat in San Luis Obispo and
Santa Barbara Counties were infested. This acreage was air-sprayed
twice. A severe infestation of WESTERN SPOTTED CUCUMBER
BEETLE (Diabrotica undecimpunctata) occurred in seedling corn in San
Joaquin Valley. A number of CUTWORMS, principally_Crymodes devas-
tator, were responsible for damage to corn.

Stored Grain Insects
KHAPRA BEETLE (Trogoderma granarium) - By end of 1955 there were
233 properties in 18 counties infested with khapra beetle. During the

year, 103 premises having a total of 38, 479, 454 cubic feet were treated,

- 501 -

i.e., fumigated and the surroundings sprayed. Approximately 280, 000

pounds of methyl bromide, 1, 500 gallons of emulsifiable malathion solu-
tion containing 5 pounds actual malathion per gallon, and 90, 000 gallons
of diesel oil were used during the year.

Cotton Insects

Generally SPIDER MITES during June were much lighter than usual. In
July they increased in San Joaquin Valley cotton and medium infestations
began to appear in southern California. While generally lighter than in
past years, Some increases occurred in cotton fields in the San Joaquin
Valley. A well distributed and comprehensive sampling of gin trash from
the 743, COO acres of cotton planted in 1955 and examination of green cotton
bolls from 1, 056 fields in six counties was made for PINK BOLI.WORM
(Pectinophora gossypiella). No pink bollworms were taken in any of the
inspections or examinations. BOLILWORM (Heliothis zea) was the most
important cotton pest in the State according to reports from principal
cotton producing counties. LYGUS BUGS (Lygus elisus and L. Lineolarig-
Damage to cotton, while less than many years, was of considerable im-
portance over much of the cotton areas.

Citrus Insects

CITRUS RED MITE (Metatetranychus citri) - Some locally heavy infesta-
tions in citrus orchards in early 1955 in southern California but popula-
tions were reduced rapidly by heat wave in late summer. Some heavy in-
festations of CITRUS BUD MITE (Aceria sheldoni) occurred in coastal
lemon orchards in southern California. BILACK SCALE (Saissetia oleae) -
By mid-summer infestations were spotted over much of southern citrus
belt ranging from light to heavy in density; in some areas seemed some -
what heavier than in 1954. In July a general increase was reported in in-
terior areas. A considerable increase became evident in some groves in
double-brooded areas along the coast. CITRICOLA SCALE (Coccus
pseudcmagnolarium) infestations in central California were spotted.

Some severe infestations in southern California were reduced by repeated
treatments. CALIFORNIA RED SCALE (Aonidiella aurantii) infestations
in early 1955 were generally lighter than in the past in major citrus
producing counties. Seasonal buildup occurred but extreme heat during
September is credited with a reduction of this scale over much of the
southern area.

Deciduous Tree-fruit Insects

CLOVER MITE (Bryobia praetiosa) adults were active all year but over-
wintering eggs were heaviest in years in many pear orchards in Mendocino
County. In El Dorado County this pest was active during entire summer.
Heavy infestations occurred in prune orchards in Napa County. In Santa
Clara County infestations were reported moderate on 41, 000 acres of
prune and pear orchards. Light to heavy infestations occurred in Los
Angeles, San Bernardino and San Joaquin Counties. From 6 to 10 percent
loss of leaves occurred in San Luis Obispo County almond orchards.

Light to heavy populations of several species of SPIDER MITES, particu-
larly Metatetranychus ulmi and Tetranychus telarius, continued to cause
considerable damage to deciduous fruit orchards over entire State. By
the middle of June these two pests were reported infesting 40 percent of

- 502 -

the prune foliage in Napa County. PEAR PSYLLA (Psylla pyricola) in-
festations were found for first time in a commercial pear growing district
in California in 1955. The known infested area was held in Potter Valley,
Mendocino County, until in June when a light infestation was found in

Lake County. ORIENTAL FRUIT MOTH (Grapholitha molesta) surveys in
the San Joaquin Valley showed this insect far more common than in past
years in Kings River area near Fresno but not as active or numerous as
in 1954, due largely to the intense control efforts. Some heavy infesta-
tions of APPLE APHID (Aphis pomi) occurred in apple orchards of central
coastal area. A STINK BUG (Euschistus conspersus) caused damage
particularly in the Sacramento Valley and foothill orchards. WALNUT
HUSK FLY (Rhevgoletis completa) caused some heavy damage to peaches

in San Bernardino County. CODLING MOTH (Carpocapsa pomonella) -

In general this insect has been of much less importance for the past several
years Since growers have used DDT. Increased difficulty in control was
reported during the year. ORANGE TORTRIX (Argyrotaenia citrana)
damage to apples continued into harvest season in Santa Cruz County.

Grape Insects
GRAPE MEALYBUG (Pseudococcus maritimus) - Overwintering popula-

tions ranged from light to heavy. Severe damage to grapes in August in
southern San Joaquin Valley vineyards. GRAPE LEAFHOPPERS (Erythro-
neura elegantula and_E. variabilis) while much lighter than in past years,
damaging numbers occurred in several grape producing areas. ACHEMON
SPHINX (Pholus achemon) was heavy in vineyards in Coachella Valley.

Nut Crop Insects

PEACH TWIG BORER (Anarsia lineatella) caused extensive and heavy
damage to almonds over much of almond producing areas. NAVEL
ORANGE WORM (Paramyelois venipars) damaged almonds in many areas

in the Central Valley as far north as Colusa County. Loss from this pest
was greater than in past years. ZTWO-SPOTTED SPIDER MITE (Tetrany-
chus telarius) damaged walnut orchards in northern Sacramento Valley

in considerable quantities of sunburned walnuts. WALNUT /.PHID (Chrom-
aphis juglandicola) infestations were medium in some southern California
walnut orchards early in the spring. By mid-spring heavy infestations oc-
curred in San Joaquin Valley. Severe infestations in 9, 000 acres of wal-
nuts occurred south of San Francisco Bay in October. WALNUT HUSK
FLY (Rhagoletis completa) was light in walnut orchards in San Bernardino
County; medium to heavy in Riverside County. The known infested area

in Sonoma County was enlarged in August by the finding of an adult approxi-
mately eight miles north of the previously known infestations. Continuing
surveys in Sonoma County showed light general infestations in August in
Sonoma Valley extending 15 miles along its length and two miles wide.
CODLING MOTH was heavy in Payne variety walnuts in May in Stanislaus
County. Infestations light in Glenn County, medium in Riverside County.

Small Fruit Insects

CYCLAMEN MITE(Steneotarsonemus pallidus) continued of more import-
ance than other pests in California strawberry fields. Greatest losses
occurred south of San Francisco Bay, however, severe damage was re-
ported from other coastal counties. An increase occurred in the hotter,

- 903 -

dryer San Joaquin Valley. TWO-SPOTTED SPIDER MITE was second
only to cyclamen mite in intensity of damage in strawberry fields and
more widespread than the cyclamen mite. STRAWBERRY APHID (Penta-
trichopus fragaefolii) in some areas was more prevalent than average.

Sub-Tropical Fruit Insect Pests
A FIG RUST MITE (Rhyncaphytoptus ficifoliae) caused partial defoliation
of young fig leaves in San Joaquin Valley and SPIDER MITES were respon-

sible for considerable leaf damage to figs in the San Joaquin Valley.

FIG SCALE (Lepidosaphes ficus) was heavier than usual in fig orchards in
some localities in the San Joaquin Valley; some trees completely defoli-
ated. BLACK SCALE (Saissetia oleae) infestations ranged from light to
heavy in the Central Valley. A SCALE (Aspidiotus lataniae) damaged avo-
cados in some southern California localities. OLIVE SCALE (Parlatoria
oleae ) continued as a limiting factor in economic production of olives for
sale as fruits and less responsible for loss to olives grown for oil.
Heaviest losses occurred in southern San Joaquin Valley.

Shade Tree, Forest and Ornamental Insects

CALIFORNIA OAKWORM (Phryganidia californica) infested several areas,
particularly near central coastal part of the State. ELM LEAF BEETLE
(Galerucella xanthomelaena) caused up to total defoliation in many places
on untreated elms. A PSYLLA (Psylla uncatoides), new to California, was
found at Benecia, Contra Costa County and at Berkeley, Alameda County.
Preferred hosts appear to be certain trees of the Albizzia and Acacia
group. Fairly heavy infestations caused little discernible damage. A
PSYLLA (Psylla flocossa) was heavy in wild ceanothus in San Diego County.

Truck Crop Insects

SPIDER MITES (Tetranychus telarius and others) were not as large a
factor in production of beans as in years past though some severe damage
occurred in scattered localities in Central Valley. A number of APHIDS
were responsible for damage to truck crops and the expense of controls.
CABBAGE APHID-(Brevicoryne brassicae) was widespread with high popu-
lations on all cole crops. Some damage to a number of truck crops over
State from GREEN PEACH APHID (Myzus persicae). Damage from trans-
mission of diseases as well as from direct feeding. APHIDS damaged let-
tuce in coastal counties south of. San Francisco and in the Imperial Valley.
Much of this by green peach aphid. A LETTUCE ROOT APHID (Pemphi-
gus bursarius) was found on poplar trees in the Santa Clara Valley and in
Santa Cruz County. Considerable damage to lettuce and sugar beet roots
from an unnamed aphid also occurred in same areas.

BEET LEAFHOPPER (Circulifer tenellus) damage to sugar beets, melons,
tomatoes and cucumbers was kept low in central California by treatment.
Approximately 225, 000 acres in 8 counties were sprayed by airplane.
CORN EARWORM damage to both sweet and field corn continued. In

some instances control seemed to be fairly effective. BEET ARMYWORM
(Laphygma exigua) damaged a number of truck crops over much of south-
ern and central California.

- 504 -

Beneficial Insects

KLAMATHWEED BEETLES, principally Chrysolina gemellata and ina
lesser degree, C. hyperici, were effective over much of State in reducing
Klamathweed infestations. Native PREDATORY INSECTS such as big-
eyed bugs, lacewings, lady beetles and syrphid fly larvae continued to
aid in reducing populations of aphids. In some areas reduction of the
spotted alfalfa aphid was quite apparent until mid-summer. Parasites
and predators introduced in California by the University of California or
the U.S. Department of Agriculture and distributed from insectaries
were responsible for considerable aid on pest reduction, particularly
when not affected by chemical controls. Reduction of the fig scale by
Aphytis "C" was excellent in central San Joaquin Valley. Here also this
parasite reduced the oystershell scale on poplar trees grown near fig
orchards. The MEALYBUG DESTROYER (Cryptolaemus montrouzieri)
and VEDALIA (Rodolia cardinalis) were not so effective in control of
Baker's mealybug or cottony-cushion scale in areas where considerable
quantities of organic phosphate sprays were used. PURPLE SCALE
PARASITE (Aphytis "X") was credited with reduction of this pest in some
coastal citrus orchards.

FOR RRR RK RK

This summary has been abstracted from the Monthly Cooperative Insect
Pest Reports for 1955.

ality
hae

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AGRICULTURAL RESEARCH SERVICE

PLANT PEST CONTROL BRANCH

ECONOMIC INSECT SURVEY SECTION

The Cooperative Economic Insect Report is
Issued weekly as a service to American Agrl-
culture. Its contentsare compiled from informa-
tion supplied by cooperating State, Federal, and
industrial entomologists and other agricultural
workers. In releasing this material the Branch
serves as a clearing house and does not assume

responsibility for accuracy of the material.

Reports and inquiries pertaining to this release
should be mailed to:

Economic Insect Survey Section
Plant Pest Control Branch
Agricultural Research Service
United States Department of Agriculture
Washington 25, D. C.

Volume 6 June 8, 1956 Number 23
COOPERATIVE ECONOMIC INSECT REPORT
Highlights of Insect Conditions

EUROPEAN CORN BORER moths emerging in central Iowa, southern half
of Illinois, and eastern New York. Egg laying underway in Missouri and
Delaware. (pp. 507, 528). Heavy infestations of GRASSHOPPERS in San
Joaquin Valley, California. Hatch continues in several areas but nearly
complete in Kansas. Wyoming reports heavy hatch in Big Horn County.
(pp. 507, 928). MORMON CRICKET control underway in Utah. (p. 507).
CORN EARWORM moths appearing as far north as Wisconsin and larvae
on corn in southern Missouri and in alfalfa in Marion County, Kansas.

(p. 508). BILILLBUGS causing spotted damage to corn in North Carolina,
South Dakota and Nebraska. (p. 508). CHINCH BUGS numerous in small
grains in eastern Kansas. Also infesting grain in Illinois and other areas.
(p. 509). WIREWORMS heavy in small grains in Pullman, Washington
age amu (oo O9):

BROWN WHEAT MITE damaging wheat and oats in Platte Valley, Nebraska;
still abundant in northern Utah but weather reducing populations in this

area and in Colorado. (p. 509). CORN LEAF APHID becoming problem in
sorghum in some Oklahoma and Texas counties. (p. 509). YELLOW-
STRIPED ARMYWORM appearing in southern Missouri. (p. 509). Possi-
bility for ARMYWORM outbreak on Eastern Shore of Maryland. Larvae
still active in southern Illinois but natural control sharply reduced infesta-
tion in Missouri. (p. 510).

ALFALFA WEEVIL damage has been heavy in several infested Eastern
States. Some severe damage in southwestern Idaho. Larval infestations
or damage also reported from Nevada, Colorado and Utah. (p. 511). Eco-
nomic infestations of PEA APHID continue on alfalfa in several States in-
cluding Nevada, Missouri, Illinois and Louisiana. Building up in north-
eastern Nebraska and counts very high in areas of Illinois. On peas this
pest occurs at high levels in southern New Jersey, requires controls on
Fastern Shore of Maryland and in Lancaster County, Pennsylvania, and
populations are migrating into fields in Wisconsin. (pp. 512,518, 528).

Reports indicate that SPOTTED ALFALFA APHID is generally at low level
except for increase in southern Oklahoma and light to heavy populations in
Some counties of Arkansas and Texas. (p. 512). POTATO LEAFHOPPER
building up in Wisconsin. (p. 513). PLANT BUGS abundant in legumes in
some areas. (p. 513). WEBWORMS attacking alfalfa in southwestern
Iowa and south central Nebraska. (pp. 514, 528).

Second-generation EUROPEAN RED MITE appearing on apple in Delaware;
Oviposition in several areas. Population increasing at Vincennes, Indiana.
(p. 515). Indications of high winter survival of PLUM CURCULIO in
western New York; adults numerous in New Haven County, Connecticut.

(p. 515). FRUIT TREE LEAFROLLERS abundant in Ulster County, New
York. (p. 516). JAPANESE BEETLE emerging in New Hanover County,

- 506 -

North Carolina, May 24. (p. 517). MEDITERRANEAN FRUIT FLY survey
iin JOoiciCle,, (GOs D1).

ONION MAGGOT causing severe injury to onions in southwestern Idaho.

(p. 518). POTATO PSYLLID nymphs common in Larimer County, Colorado
but the pest is scarce in northern Utah. (p. 518). FLEA BEETLES
abundant on truck crops some areas of Utah, Connecticut and Virginia.

(p. 519). OMNIVOROUS LEAF TIER unusually abundant in Willamette
Valley, Oregon. (p. 520). MITES severe on strawberries in Iowa. (p. 528).

GREEN PEACH APHID moderate on tobacco in several Georgia counties,
but very light in areas of North Carolina. (p. 521). Unusual report of
heavy infestation of POTATO APHID on tobacco at Lexington, Kentucky.
(p. 521). TOBACCO BUDWORMS heavy in Georgia and Columbus County,
North Carolina. (p. 522).

BOLL WEEVIL more numerous in Piedmont region of South Carolina than
since 1950. High populations in delta counties of Mississippi and in
several counties of Georgia. (p. 523). BROWN COTTON LEAF WORM
requiring control in Burleson County, Texas but remains light in
Louisiana. (pp. 528, 528). BOLIL.WORMS increasing in lower Rio Grande
Valley, Texas; heavy egg deposition in some early fields in Stoneville,
Mississippi area. (p. 528).

PINE SAWF'LIES heavy on pines in Missouri, hatching in Wood County,
Wisconsin. (p. 525). BAGWORM unusually heavy in Arkansas and
abundant in some counties of Virginia. (p. 526).

HOUSE FLIES abundant in barns in south central Pennsylvania and in
Thomas County, Georgia. Little house fly more numerous than for past
10 years in Oklahoma. (p. 527). TICKS heavy on livestock in Arkansas,
heavier than usual in some areas of Virginia and abundant in Rhode Island.
(os SA

Survey method for SPRUCE BUDWORM. (p. 533).

ADDITIONAL NOTES. (p. 528). CORRECTIONS. (p. 529).

WEATHER outlook and summary. (p. 530).

STATES reporting this week - 43.

2 OK OK OK OR OK OK OK OK OK OK OK OK OK OK OK OK OK KOK KOK K

Reports in this issue are for the week ending June 1 unless otherwise
designated.

- 507 -
CEREAL AND FORAGE INSECTS

EUROPEAN CORN BORER (Pyrausta nubilalis) - NEBRASKA - Pupation
has increased; approximately 70 to 80 percent in southeast and south cen-
tral areas. (Andersen). SOUTH DAKOTA - About 8 percent pupation in
southeastern area. (Hantsbarger). WISCONSIN - Based on survey in
Columbia and Jefferson Counties, no pupation occurring. (Wis. Ins. Bull.)
MISSOURI - In extreme southeast 100 percent pupation with 92 percent
emergence and 4 to 16 egg masses per 100 plants ranging from 22 to 34
inches extended height. None observed in central area but average of 4
egg masses per 100 plants in St. Louis area. (Burdett). MINNESOTA -
No pupation up to week ending June 1 according to limited observations in
south central and southeastern districts. (Minn. Ins. Rept. Serv. ).
DELAWARE - Ovipositing on volunteer corn and sweet corn in several lo-
calities. (Milliron).

GRASSHOPPERS - CALIFORNIA - Heavy infestations of Oedaleonotus
enigma on several hundred thousand acres of rangeland on west side of
San Joaquin Valley, threat to adjacent crops particularly young cotton.
Heaviest populations in local areas of Fresno, Kings and Kern Counties.
Average of 20 nymphs per square yard. Control applied over 100, 000
acres. Heavy localized infestations of Camnula pellucida requiring control
in San Diego and Riverside Counties. Local counts of 25 to 1500 nymphs
per square yard in San Diego County and 35 to 1000 per square yard in
Riverside County. (Cal. Coop. Rept., May 28). UTAH - Hatch continued
but slowed by repeated storms. (Knowlton). WYOMING - Very heavy
hatch in Big Horn County. .(Stahle, May 26). NEBRASKA - Fight Melan-
oplus spp. per square yard in margins and roadsides in southeastern and
south central areas; 4 per square yard in northeastern area. (Andersen).
MISSOURI - Hatch of Melanoplus spp. continues over northern half of
State. Margins of crop lands average 5to 18 M. differentialis per square
yard in extreme southeast area. (Kyd, Thomas). ‘TEXAS - Medium to
heavy widespread populations of young nymphs on vetch and alfalfa in
pastures in Kaufman County. (Hawkins). OKLAHOMA - Most abundant
species on alfalfa in Payne County is M. mexicanus. (Fenton). ILLINOIS -
In following areas per 100 sweeps: eastern 168, east southeastern 104

in grass; southwestern 450 and 180 east southeastern in Jegume fields.
Population extremely low in other areas. (Ill. Ins. Rept.). MINNESOTA -
Observations on egg development in Anoka, Chisago, Benton, Morrison,
Todd, Wadena, Ottertail, Norman Polk and Marshall Counties indicate
most eggs of Melanoplus femur-rubrum still in fluid stage. Some eggs of
M. bivittatus in west Marshall County fully coagulated. (Minn. Ins. Rept.
Serv.). NORTH DAKOTA - M. mexicanus and M. bivittatus beginning to
hatch in Dunn, McKenzie and Mountrail Counties. (Bell, May 25).

KANSAS - Hatch about complete. From 15 to 30 nymphs per square yard
in Douglas, Johnson, Riley and Pottawatomie Counties. (Matthew). As
high as 200-300 nymphs per square yard in a few local areas, but generally
much lighter in Riley County. (Gates).

MORMON CRICKET (Anabrus simplex) - UTAH - Baiting May 22-25 in San
Juan County where crickets average 7 per square yard. Controls also
underway in Piute and Uintah Counties. (Chinn, Knowlton).

- 508 -

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CORN EARWORM (Heliothis zea) - GEORGIA - Light to moderate on corn
in Clarke and Tattnall Counties. (Johnson). SOUTH CAROLINA - Damag-
ing corn. Moth flight still unusually heavy at Florence. (Nettles).
NORTH CAROLINA - Averaged 5. 5 eggs per Silk on lo Silk tips at

Faison. This is higher than at any time prior to July 1G) dieisic WiSeue.
(Farrier). ARKANSAS - Nine fields of corn in Columbia, Lafayette and
Miller Counties had 9 percent infestation. (Warren). MISSOURI - Ap-
pearing in whorls of early corn in southern area. (Kyd, Thomas).
KANSAS - Fully-grown larvae in alfalfa in Marion County. (Burkhardt).

SOUTHWESTERN CORN BORER (Zeadiatraea grandiosella) - ARKANSAS -
Five fields of corn in Lafayette and Miller Counties average ll percent of
stalks damaged. Concurrent infestations of corn earworm made deter-
mination of damage difficult. First record of Z. grandiosella from Lafay-

ette County. (Warren).

BILLBUGS - NORTH CAROLINA - Sixty-five acres of corn destroyed in
Pamlico County. (Jones). SOUTH DAKOTA - Calendra sp. quite numer-
ous locally in Turner County. Six acres of corn destroyed. (Hantsbarger).
NEBRASKA - Calendra maidis causing light to moderate damage in Cass

County. (Roselle).

CORN ROOT WEBWORM (Crambus Caliginosellus) - MINNESOTA - At
least 10 acres of a 15-acre field of young corn in south central area com-
pletely destroyed. (Minn. Ins. Rept. Serv.). VIRGINIA - Heavy in corn
in Pittsylvania County. (Dominick).

- 009 -

CHINCH BUG (Blissus leucopterus) - GEORGIA - Moderate on corn in
Lincoln County. (McGee, May 25). NORTH CAROLINA - Infesting entire
field of 10 acres of corn planted after small grain. (Scott). ILLINOIS -
Infesting grain per linear foot of row: 4 in west southwestern and 3-1/2

in east southeastern. In central area maximum adult population was 10
per hill of corn with an average of 126 per 100 plants. (Ill. Ins. Rept. ).
MISSISSIPPI - Infesting corn in Scott and Madison Counties. (Bennett).
KANSAS - Many small grain fields in eastern half of State contain numer-
ous nymphs and adults. From 3-5 adults and 40 to several hundred nymphs
per linear foot or row. (Matthew).

LESSER CORNSTALK BORER (Elasmopalpus lignosellus) - GEORGIA -
Moderate on corn in Sumter County. (Beckham, May 24). Moderate on
peanuts in Tift and other southern counties. (McGill, May 25).

SOD WEBWORMS - MARYLAND -_Crambus sp. destroyed a corn field
in Washington County. (U. Md., Ent. Dept.). WASHINGTON - Infesting
a 100-acre field of Merion bluegrass near Grandview. (Klostermeyer,
Kamal). NORTH CAROLINA - Forty acres in Hyde County replanted due
to Crambus prob. calignosellus. (Swindell, Rabb).

WIRE WORMS - WASHINGTON - Heavy infestation near Pullman. Up to
60 percent destruction of stand in spring barley by Limonius sp. and
Aeolus sp., and up to 27 percent of spring wheat by Ctenicera pruinina
noxia and Agriotes sp. (Harwood).

SAWF LIES - WASHINGTON - Larvae causing some damage to wheat foli-
age near Waitsburg, Dayton and Walla Walla. (Telford, Kamal). ORE-
GON - Very common on wheat in Milton-Freewater and Weston area

May 24. Severe injury in one 100-acre field with as many as 15 larvae
per stem. Many plants completely stripped. (Brown).

BROWN WHEAT MITE (Petrobia latens) - NEBRASKA - Damaging infesta-
tion in wheat and oats in south central and central Platte Valley. Popula-
tion too high to count. (Andersen). UTAH - Still abundant in some north-
ern areas but repeated storms have decreased populations in several
counties. (Lieberman, Knowlton). COLORADO - Rains have reduced
populations in several counties. (ARS).

CORN LEAF APHID (Rhopalosiphum maidis) - COLORADO - Winged forms
in barley in Montezuma County. Lady beetles numerous. (Ext. Serv. ).
TEXAS - Heavy widespread on grain sorghum, Denton County. (Petty).
Heavy on grain sorghum heads, San Patricio County. (Jones). Heavy
widespread on broomcorn and grain sorghum, Matagorda County. (Kay).
OKLAHOMA - Common in fields of milo in Lincoln County. Averaged 65
per linear foot of row in one field. (Coppock, May 25).

YELLOW-STRIPED ARMYWORM (Prodenia ornithogalli) - MISSOURI -
Light damage to small corn by 4 to 11 larvae per 100 plants in scattered
fields in southeast area. Some very light scattered injury to soybeans and
cottonalso. (Kyd, Thomas).

- 510 -
»~,.Armyworms as Reported Week Ending 6/1

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ARMYWORM (Pseudaletia unipuncta) - MARYLAND - Larvae averaged 2
to 12 per linear foot of row in small grain fields in Wicomico and Wor-
ecester Counties. In one 12-acre pasture field in Worcester County full-
grown larvae averaged 12 per square foot. Possibility of serious general
outbreak in small grains and pastures in these counties. (U. Md., Ent.
Dept.). DELAWARE - Few, nearly one-half grown, in red clover-grass
mixture at Andrewsville. Small specimens conspicuous in recently-cut
alfalfa east of Bridgeville. (Milliron). MISSOURI - Damage to small
grains and pastures in southeast and east central areas practically ceased
due largely to diseases and parasites. (Kyd, Thomas).

ARMYWORMS - ILLINOIS - In one grass field in southwestern area aver-
aged 8 per square foot; in rank wheat fields averaged 5 per linear foot in
southwestern and 4 per linear foot in west southwestern areas. (Ill. Ins.
Rept. ). VIRGINIA - Medium infestation in small grains in Accomac
County. (Rogers).

SUGARCANE BEETLE (Euetheola rugiceps) - NORTH CAROLINA - Local,
very destructive infestation in corn, Robeson County. (Owen). MISSOURI -
Widely-scattered fields of corn damaged to point of replanting in Dunklin
and Butler Counties; 4 to 22 percent of stand destroyed. One field of rice
damaged in Stoddard County. About 10 beetles per night from light trap

at Sikeston. (Kyd, Thomas). MISSISSIPPI - Killed 50 percent of stand

in one field in Lee County. (Hutchins).

ENGLISH GRAIN APHID (Macrosiphum granarium) - ILLINOIS - Average
population in east southeastern area of 695 per 100 sweeps. Also reported
from other areas. (Ill. Ins. Rept. ).

- 511 -

GREENBUG (Toxoptera graminum) - COLORADO - Very light in Otero,
Bent, Baca, Prowers and Kiowa Counties. (ARS). NEBRASKA - Very
light non-economic infestation in wheat and oats as far west as Lexington
in Platte Valley. (Andersen).

FLEA BEETLES - MARYLAND - General on sweet and field corn, Mont-
gomery and Carroll Counties. (U. Md., Ent. Dept.). ILLINOIS - Maxi-
mum population of corn flea beetles on grassy roadsides per 100 sweeps
was 8 in east southeast; average population in corn per 100 plants in
south southwest was 198, in east southeast 185 and in southeast 43. (11.
Ins. Rept.). DELAWARE - Chaetocnema pulicaria continues abundant on
corn in some areas. (Milliron).

SORGHUM WEBWORM (Celama sorghiella) - TEXAS - Light widespread
on grain sorghum in San Patricio County. (Pawlik).

WHITE GRUBS (Phyllophaga spp. ) - MINNESOTA - Injury to lawns in St.
Paul-Minneapolis area. Potential for damage may be greater than last
year. (Minn. Ins. Rept. Serv.). OKLAHOMA - _P. hirtiventris larvae
damaging corn plants in Pontotoc County, May 25. (Walton).

ALFALFA WEEVIL (Hypera postica) - IDAHO - Numerous scattered
fields in southwestern area with severe larval damage. (Manis). WYO-
MING - Four adults per 10 sweeps on alfalfa in Converse County. (Spack-
man, May 26). NEVADA - Larval damage in Churchill Co. 5/26. (Lauder-
dale, Gallaway). COLORADO - Hatching in Montezuma. Larvae average
90 per 100 sweeps. (Ext. Serv.). UTAH - Building up. Damage appear-
ing in scattered localities. (Knowlton). MARYLAND - Damage by larvae
to unsprayed alfalfa moderate to heavy in most sections. First-generation
adults numerous in Montgomery County. Light larval damage to second-
growth alfalfa in Worcester County. (U. Md., Ent. Dept.). DELAWARE -
Severe damage general except where late treatment used. Larval popula-
tion has reached peak. Heavy on sweetclover in one area. (Milliron).
VIRGINIA - Continues number one insect in State. Heavy damage to alfaifa
after first cutting in most areas, but Situation not general. Forty-four
larvae and 4 adults per 100 sweeps in one field in Campbell County and 60
larvae and 12 adults per 100 sweeps in one field in Pittsylvania County.
(Morris). NORTH CAROLINA - Some fields need control in Granville
County. (Chamberlin). No larvae seen but some fields with 15 adults per
Square foot and other fields with foliage completely destroyed in Warren
and Franklin Counties. (Jones, Farrier). N. J. - Damage was severe.
(Ins. -Dis. News . ).
LESSER CLOVER LEAF WEEVIL (Hypera nigrirostris) - DELAWARE -
Abundant on red clover between Newark and Bridgeville. Considerable
destruction of new growth and loss of 50 percent of bloom at some places.
(Milliron). KANSAS - From 3 to 9 per sweep in red clover in Johnson,
Leavenworth and Jefferson Counties. (Matthew).

CLOVER ROOT CURCULIO (Sitona hispidula) - WASHINGTON - Five
adults per 25 sweeps in red clover at Pullman. (Johansen).

- 512 -

SWEETCLOVER WEEVIL (Sitona cylindricollis) - MINNESOTA - This
species and S. scissifrons 0. 1-0. 4 per sweep in central and west central
district. (Minn. Ins. Rept. Serv.). UTAH - Appearing in many counties.
Injury common and occasionally severe. (Knowlton).

PEA APHID (Macrosiphum pisi) - NEVADA - Economic populations
spreading in Washoe, Lyon and Churchill Co. 5/26 (Lauderdale, Galla-
way). UTAH - Moderate to low. (Knowlton). KANSAS - Some fields in
Jefferson and Leavenworth Counties have 100-300 aphids per Sweep but
disease and lady beetles generally have aphid under control in area.
(Matthew). COLORADO - Populations decreasing. Predation and para-
sitism very high in northeastern counties. (Exp. Sta.). MISSOURI -
Widely scattered fields of alfalfa still with economic populations of 500

to 1000 per sweep over State. Afungus, parasites and predators appar-
ently halted heavy infestations in most areas. First cutting reduced about
70-75 percent over southern half of State. (Kyd, Thomas). MINNESOTA -
Counts in southern, central and west central districts low (0-0. 2 per
sweep). Lady beetle populations also low. (Minn. Ins. Rept. Serv.).
ILLINOIS - Per 100 sweeps average populations in alfalfa as follows:

160, 000 in east southeast; 35, 000 in western, 18,000 in central. In

east southeastern 50 percent or more diseased. Decreasing rapidly in
southern area. (Ill. Ins. Rept.). NEBRASKA - Beginning to build up in
northeastern area; 10 to 15 per 25 sweeps. From 70 to 150 per 10 sweeps
in southeast. (Andersen). TEXAS - Medium to heavy widespread popula -
tions on vetch in Hunt County. (Hawkins). Spotted heavy on vetch in
Freestone County. (Wells). WISCONSIN - Populations doubled on alfalfa
over past week in several counties. (Wis. Ins. Bull.). DELAWARE -
Generally light to moderately abundant on alfalfa. (Milliron). CONNEC-
TICUT - From 6-12 per sweep on alfalfa in Fairfield County, May 24.
(Tunis).

SPOTTED ALFALFA APHID - ARIZONA - In untreated field on Yuma
Mesa aphids per 30 stems dropped from 8974 on May 17 to 19 on May 25
and larvae of lady beetles per 100 sweeps rose from 86 to 238 on same
dates. (Ariz. Coop. Rept.). COLORADO - Extensive survey through
Otero, Bent, Baca, Prowers and Kiowa Counties showed no specimens.
(ARS). UTAH - Rarely encountered north of Washington, Iron and Kane
Counties. (Knowlton). KANSAS - In general, no apparent problem areas
with destructive populations at present. (Matthew). OKLAHOMA -
Continuing low in east central counties (Coppock), increasing in southern
counties, May 25. (Stiles). Slight increase on alfalfa in Payne County. —
(Fenton). MISSOURI - Very low, 0 to 4 per sweep in infested southwest
area. (Kyd, Thomas). TEXAS - Medium local on alfalfa in Val Verde
County. (Tatum). Light to heavy locally on alfalfa in Kaufman County.
(Hawkins). ARKANSAS - From light to heavy in Lafayette-Miller County
area. Average of 750-1000 aphids per sweep in one field of Lafayette
County. Predators numerous in this field but barely holding aphids below
damaging numbers. (Warren).

CLOVER APHID (Anuraphis bakeri) - WASHINGTON - Averaged one ma-
ture female per 10 stipules on red clover at Pullman. (Johansen).

- 513 -

POTATO LEAFHOPPER (Empoasca fabae) - OKLAHOMA - Increasing in
alfalfa in Payne County, apparently due to migration as no nymphs found.
On alfalfa at 16.5 per 100 sweeps. (Fenton). WISCONSIN - Leafhoppers
swept from alfalfa in Grant County May 16 have been determined as this
species. This is date of first appearance this Season in State. Popula-
tions building up. (Wis. Ins. Bull.).

LEAFHOPPERS - OKLAHOMA - Aceratagallia uhleri abundant in most
fields of vetch, alfalfa and clover in southern counties. Hundreds per
sweep in one alfalfa field where injury noted. (Coppock, May 25).
SOUTH DAKOTA - Up to 18 A. sanguinolenta per 25 Sweeps in alfalfa.
(Hantsbarger). KANSAS - Populations on alfalfa remain about same in
central area; 20 to 200 per sweep of 15-inch net in Marion County.
(Burkhardt).

MEADOW SPITTLE BUG (Philaenus leucophthalmus) - MARYLAND -
Adults generally present in hay fields on Eastern Shore. (U. Md., Ent.
Dept. ). DELAWARE - Numerous on alfalfa in some areas but not unusu-
ally abundant on red clover. (Milliron). WISCONSIN - About three times
as numerous as last week on alfalfa but still average less than one nymph
per stem. (Wis. Ins. Bull.).

SPITTLE BUGS - PENNSYLVANIA - Reaching adult stage in south central
area. (Pepper). Now appearing in southwest area after delayed hatch.
(Menusan). N. J. - Damage much lighter than 1954-1955. (Ins. -Dis. News .).

SIX-SPOTTED LEAFHOPPER (Macrosteles fascifrons) - WISCONSIN -
Population high except in northeastern area where build-up slow. (Wis.
has, - wuss

PLANT BUGS - UTAH - Lygus elisus and other species often injuriously
abundant on alfalfa grown for seed. Nymphs extremely numerous.
(Knowlton). OREGON - Leptoterna dolabratus nymphs very abundant on
fescue in Clackamas County May 25. (Krantz). NEBRASKA - Adelpho-
coris lineolatus adults becoming more prevalent in alfalfa; 4 per 10
sweeps. Nymphs range 40-50 per 10 sweeps. (Andersen). WASHING -
TON - Six early-instar lygus per 25 sweeps in red clover at Pullman.
(Johansen). MINNESOTA - A. lineolatus and A. rapidus nymphs (0-0. 4
per sweep) in west central and central districts. Lygus spp. hatching in
central and west central districts. (Minn. Ins. Rept. Serv.). SOUTH
DAKOTA - Up to 25 nymphs per 25 sweeps in alfalfa. (Hantsbarger).
MARYLAND - L. lineolaris and_A. rapidus averaged 1 adult per red clover
bloom in Talbot County. (U. Md., Ent. Dept.). DELAWARE - Leptoterna
dolabratus continues unusually abundant. A. rapidus very prevalent on red
clover at Kenton and Andrewsville. (Milliron).

TARNISHED PLANT BUG (Lygus lineolaris) - ILLINOIS - Average of 517
per 100 sweeps in clover and alfalfa fields in east southeastern area; from
12 to 125 in other parts of State. (Ill. Ins. Rept.). MISSOURI - Abnor-
mally heavy numbers of this species and other lygus bugs in alfalfa fields
injured by pea aphids. From 2 to 11 per sweep over northern half of State.

- 514 -

(Kyd, Thomas). NEBRASKA - Between 22 and 40 per 10 sweeps in alfalfa
in southeastern area. (Andersen).

PALE WESTERN CUTWORM (Agrotis orthogonia) - COLORADO - Damag-
ing alfalfa in Logan County. (Ext. Serv. ).

WEBWORMS (Loxostege spp.) - NEBRASKA - Appearing in alfalfa in
south central area. Population still low; 2 to 3 per 10 sweeps. Some
webbing. (Andersen).

ALFALFA CATERPILLAR (Colias philodice eurytheme) - SOUTH DAKOTA -
Increasing in alfalfa fields with counts of 2 larvae per 25 net Sweeps.
(Hantsbarger).

SPOTTED BLISTER BEETLE (Epicauta immaculata) - NEBRASKA - Ap-
pearing in alfalfa in southeast and south central areas; low population of
1 to 2 per 25 sweeps. (Andersen).

SOUTHERN CORN ROOTWORM (Diabrotica undecimpunctata howardi) -
NEBRASKA - Four adults per 10 sweeps in alfalfa in southeast and south
central areas. (Andersen).

BEAN LEAF BEETLE (Cerotoma trifurcata) - MISSOURI - Heavy feeding
on seedling soybeans in northeast corner of State. (Kyd, Thomas).

MEXICAN BEAN BEETLE (Epilachna varivestri8) - NORTH CAROLINA -
Adults continue to feed and oviposit on alfalfa in Johnston County but no
eggs hatching. (Farrier).

THRIPS - GEORGIA - Light to moderate on peanuts throughout southern
area. (Johnson).

ARMY CUTWORM (Chorizagrotis auxiliaris) - SOUTH DAKOTA - Severely
damaging a flax field in Brookings County. Larval counts averaged 7 per
square foot. (Hantsbarger).

RED-BACKED CUTWORM (Euxoa ochrogaster) - WASHINGTON - Mature
larvae and some pupae in considerable numbers in alfalfa field near
Grandview. (Kamal, Frick).

- 515 -

FRUIT INSECTS

CODLING MOTH (Carpocapsa pomonella) - OREGON - Emerged in Polk
County May 26. (Jones). WASHINGTON - First entries from unsprayed
apple orchards in lower Yakima Valley, May 21. (Luce). ILLINOIS -
Moth emergence decreasing in Carbondale area. Egg laying and hatching
much delayed due to cool and rainy weather. (Chandler). INDIANA - First
entries at Vincennes May 25. Larval activity expected to increase next
three weeks. (Hamilton). Moth hatch and oviposition increasing in Orleans
area. (Marshall, May 28). MISSOURI - Adults in southeast and new
entries in southwest reported. (Wkly. Rept. Fr. Grow.). OHIO - First
moth on May 27; latest date on record for Wooster. Rapid emergence
since. (Cutright). NEW YORK - In eastern area, bands examined May 31
showed 46.8 percent live larvae, 4 percent dead larvae, 35 percent pupae,
2.4 percent emerged and 11.8 percent parasitized. In western area first
moth of season at Middle Hope, May 21. On this date tree bands examined
showed 67 percent larvae, 25 percent pupae, one percent emerged and 7
percent dead. (Wkly. Rept.). NEW JERSEY - First emergence at Bur-
lington and Gloucester Counties May 28. (Ins.-Dis. News.). DELAWARE-
Emergence about 40 percent. (Late news), PENNSYLVANIA - Adults
emerging rapidly on apple in south central area. (Pepper, May 31).
Ne - Emerged May 27; deposited eggs May 31. (U. Md., Ent.
Dept. ).

EUROPEAN RED MITE (Metatetranychus ulmi) - CONNECTICUT - Females
ovipositing in southern area. (Garman, Tunis). NEW YORK - First
summer eggs, May 26 in eastern area. (Wkly. Rept.). DELAWARE -
Second generation appearing on apples at Georgetown. (Kelsey), WEST
VIRGINIA - Populations on apple checked by frost and cool weather in
Jefferson County. (Hamstead). .OHIO - Oviposition by first genera-
tion practically complete; no hatching to May 30. (Cutright). INDIANA -
Populations again increasing on apples in Vincennes area. (Hamilton).

PLUM CURCULIO (Conotrachelus nenuphar) - CONNECTICUT - Numerous
adults jarred from peach trees in New Haven County. (Garman, Tunis).
NEW YORK - More curculios collected in western area on May 30 than
during entire season prior to this date. Evidence indicates high over-
wintering survival. First injury in Rockland County, May 31. (Wkly.
Rept. ). PENNSYLVANIA - Fresh cuts appearing on plum. Apparently
delayed emergence of adults in south central area. (Pepper). NEW
JERSEY - Activity lessened in Gloucester County. (Ins. -Dis. News. ).
DELAWARE - Eggs in apples at Woodside. Hatch in peaches 70 percent.
(MacCreary, Stearns), GEORGIA - Adult emergence expected first or
second week of June. (Snapp). OHIO - Little activity in northern area
peach and plum orchards. (Rings). INDIANA - Activity of first brood in
peaches past in Vinvennes area. (Hamilton). ILLINOIS - General popu-
lation light in peaches in Carbondale area. (Chandler). MINNESOTA -
Emerged LaCrescent area. (Minn. Ins. Rept. Serv. ).

- 516 -

RED-BANDED LEAF ROLLER (Argyrotaenia velutinana) - CONNECTICUT -
Eggs hatching in southern area. (Tunis, Garman). NEW YORK - Eggs
mass found May 1 at Middle Hope, western area, hatched May 23. Larvae
active in Orange County. (Wkly. Rept.). DELAWARE - Larvae on apple

at Woodside. (MacCreary). WEST VIRGINIA - Few threatening popula-
tions found on apple in Hampshire County. (Hamstead). INDIANA-
First-brood larvae matured or pupated. (Hamilton, May 29). ILLINOIS-
Most pupated by 5/30. New brood expected 12 to 15 days in Carbondale
area. (Chandler). MISSOURI - Moderately heavy infestation in southwest
area. (Wkly. Rept. Fr. Grow. ). é

ROSY APPLE APHID (Anuraphis roseus) - OHIO - General but relatively
light infestations. (Cutright), RHODE ISLAND - Small numbers on apple
trees in Exeter and Smithfield. (Steve). WEST VIRGINIA - Requiring
control in few apple orchards in Jefferson County. (Hamstead). VIRGINIA-
Heavy and damaging leaves on apple trees in Roanoke County. (Rowell).

EUROPEAN APPLE SAWFLY (Hoplocampa testudinea) - CONNECTICUT-
Eggs starting to hatch in New Haven, New London and Fairfield Counties.
(Garman, Tunis).

APPLE AND THORN SKELETONIZER (Anthophila pariana) - OREGON -
ee ie injury to unsprayed trees throughout Willamette Valley.
(Capizzi).

EASTERN TENT CATERPILLAR (Malacosoma americanum) - INDIANA -
Abundant on apple at Mentone, May 23. (Davis).

PEAR LEAF BLISTER MITE (Eriophyes pyri) - WASHINGTON - Migrating
from old blisters to buds and leaves on pears in Yakima Valley. (Luce).

FRUIT TREE LEAFROLLERS-NEW YORK - Becoming alarmingly abund-
ant in Ulster County and in some orchards larvae on most terminals.
Control used. Found in nearly all orchards of Columbia County. Damage
mostly confined to ragging of leaves. (Wkly. Rept. ).

UNSPOTTED TENTIFORM LEAF MINER (Callisto geminatella) - DELA-
WARE - Beginning to pupate at Georgetown, May 29. (Kelsey). MARY-
LAND - Larvae mining apple leaves in Hancock area. First pupae June l.
(U. Md., Ent. Dept.). WEST VIRGINIA - Two light infestations on apple
in Jefferson and Berkeley Counties. (Hamstead). PENNSYLVANIA -
Fairly abundant on apples in Franklin County. First-generation injury on
leaves. (Pepper, May 20).

WHITE APPLE LEAFHOPPER (Typhlocyba pomaria) - MAINE - Nymphs
eee 1 per leaf on apple at Bridgeton; no apparent damage. (Poray,
May 23).

SHOT-HOLE BORERS - UTAH - Seriously damaging a few winter-injured
peach orchards in northern Utah. (Knowlton).

- 517 -

SHOT-HOLE BORER (Scolytus ruqulosus) - OREGON - Boring by adults
wilted cherry spurs in The Dalles, May 15. (Burts).

ORIENTAL FRUIT MOTH (Grapholitha molesta) - NEW JERSEY - Moth
activity lessened considerably. Larval activity in unsprayed young
orchards noticeable. (Ins. -Dis. News.). NEW YORK - Few moths taken
in trap on June 1 in Wayne County. (Wkly. Rept. ).

A GEOMETRID (Operophtera occidentalis) - OREGON - Severely defoliated
DMs prayed Mauil tees ine Portlandyarea ss Det. Pl odd, (Capizzi, May.
25).

JAPANESE BEETLE (Popillia japonica) - NORTH CAROLINA - Adults
emerging in New Hanover County on May 24. (Jenkins).

CURRANT APHID (Capitophorus ribis) - MINNESOTA - Common in Minne-
apolis-St. Paul area. Distortion and reddening of leaves. (Minn. Ins.
Rept. Serv. ).

PECAN NUT CASEBEARER (Acrobasis caryae) - TEXAS - Medium wide-
Spread populations on pecans in San Augustine County. (Holtzapple).
OKLAHOMA - Eggs hatching in Okfuskee County. Small amount of larval
injury. Of 200 pecan clusters observed, 34 percent contained eggs.
Coppock, May 28).

MEDITERRANEAN FRUIT FLY (Ceratitis capitata) - FLORIDA - Found in
Hardee County three miles west of Zolfo Springs May 29. To June 1, 487
infestations had been reported from 10 Florida counties. Outside of Dade,
Broward and Palm Beach Counties only light infestation have been found
and such finds have been limited to one or two specimens from only one or
two locations, All outlying spot infestations are being sprayed when found,
usually within hours after discovery. (P. P. C.).

= S| =

TRUCK CROP INSECTS

PEA APHID (Macrosiphum pisi) - NEW JERSEY - Building up to high level
on peas in Cumberland and Cape May Counties. (Ins. -Dis. News. ).
MARYLAND - Spraying general on peas on Eastern Shore. (U. Md., Ent.
Dept.). PENNSYLVANIA - Some pea fields need control in Lancaster
County. (Pepper). WISCONSIN - Moving into early-planted pea fields.
Counts ranged from 2 aphids on 10 plants in Columbia County to 5 in 10
sweeps in Jefferson County. (Wis. Ins. Bul.).

MEXICAN BEAN BEETLE (Epilachna varivestis) - MISSISSIPPI - Heavy
damage to beans in Jackson County. (Bond). GEORGIA - Heavy infesta-
tions on beans in Grady and Thomas Counties. (Johnson, May 30). NORTH
CAROLINA - Generally severe in eastern area. (Jones, Reid, Farrier).
MARYLAND - Adults averaged 2 per 6 feet of row on beans at Quantico,
Wicomico County. (U. Md., Ent. Dept.). DELAWARE - Adults active on
limas in Ellendale-Georgetown area. (Milliron), PENNSYLVANIA - First
adults in Lancaster County. (Pepper).

BEAN LEAF BEETLE (Cerotoma trifurcata) - MARYLAND - Adults gen-
erally abundant on early snap beans and soybeans on lower Eastern Shore
and Montgomery County. Damage heaviest around field borders. (U. Md.,
Ent. Dept.). DELAWARE - Very destructive to snap and lima beans
throughout Sussex County. (Milliron). NORTH CAROL{NA - Infestations
on beans throughout Northampton County. (Jameson).

ONION MAGGOT (Hylemya antiqua) - IDAHO - Severe injury in onion fields
in southwestern area. Some injury even in properly treated fields.
(Manis).

ONION THRIPS (Thrips tabaci) - IDAHO - Populations unusually low on
seed onions in southwestern area. (Manis).

COLORADO POTATO BEETLE (Leptinotarsa decemlineata) - NEW JERSEY
Eqag masses easily found in tomatoes in Gloucester County. (Ins. -Dis.
News. ). MARYLAND - Adults and eggs abundant on untreated tomatoes and
potatoes in western Wicomico County. (U. Md., Ent. Dept.). DELA-
WARE - Eggs on potatoes hatching from Lincoln southward. Active on
tomatoes many locations. (Milliron). WASHINGTON - Larvae appeared
May 25 in Benton County. (Kamal).

POTATO APHID (Macrosiphum solanifolii) - MARYLAND - Light to moder-
ate on tomatoes in Kent, Wicomico and Worcester Counties. (U. Md.,

Ent. Dept.). DELAWARE - Increased on tomatoes in Kent and Sussex
Counties. Warrant control in several areas. (Milliron). MISSISSIPPI -
Control being applied in Oktibbeha County. (Hutchins).

POTATO PSYLLID (Paratrioza cockerelli) - COLORADO - Adults averaged
120 per 100 sweeps on matrimonyvine in Larimer County. Eggs hatching.
First and second instars common. (Exp. Sta.). UTAH - Scarce in north-

- 519 -

ern Utah. Occasional specimen on matrimonyvine at Gunnison. (Knowl-
ton).

TOMATO FRUITWORM (Heliothis zea) - GEORGIA - Light infestations on
tomatoes in Thomas, Colquitt, Coffee and Tattnall Counties. (Johnson).

CABBAGE MAGGOT (Hylemya brassicae) - CONNECTICUT - Fly popula-
tion appears to be below that of 1955. (Quinton, Minnum). NEW YORK -
Numerous on untreated areas on ends of rows in Nassau County. (Wkly.
Rept. ). NORTH CAROLINA - Cabbage field in Yancey County severely
infested. (Dillingham). IDAHO - Very heavy infestation in one field of
radishes at Boise. (Manis). ;

IMPORTED CABBAGEWORM (Pieris rapae) - DELAWARE - Principal
pest on cabbage throughout State. (Milliron). PENNSYLVANIA - Small
larvae feeding on early-set cabbage in Lancaster. (Pepper).

APHIDS - NEW JERSEY - Populations on potatoes considerable and in-
creasing. (Ins. -Dis. News. ). GEORGIA - Heavy infestation on okra in
Grady and Thomas Counties. (Johnson, May 30}, TEXAS - Heavy wide-
Spread populations on leafy vegetables in Cochran County. Fifty percent
of radishes and greens destroyed. (Thompson).

CUTWORMS - MARYLAND - Heavy damage to pepper at Willards, Wi-
comico County. (U. Md., Ent. Dept.), DELAWARE - Agrotis ypsilon
injuring tomatoes in Kent County; ten percent loss in Canterbury-Mag-
nolia area. (Milliron), COLORADO - Agrotis orthogonia damaging sugar
beets in Logan County. (Ext. Serv. ).

SPRINGTAILS - CONNECTICUT - Serious on tomato transplants, squash
and cucumbers at Windsor. (Kring).

FLEA BEETLES - MARYLAND - Light to moderate populations on toma-
to and potatoes in Wicomico and Worcester Counties. (U. Md., Ent.
Dept. ). CONNECTICUT - Very numerous on squash, pepper, tomato,
and eggplant. (Minnum, Quinton). VIRGINIA - Heavily attacking cruci-
fers in Augusta County. (Woodside). UTAH - Seriously damaged turnips,
beets, radishes, tomatoes and other crops in many counties. (Knowlton).

SPOTTED ASPARAGUS BEETLE (Crioceris duodecimpunctata) - IDAHO -
Very abundant in Moscow area. (Barr). MARYLAND - Adults of C.
duodecimpunctata and C, asparagi abundant on asparagus ferns at Fair-
land, Montgomery County. C. duodecimpunctata more numerous. (U.
ey Ent. Dept.). DELAWARE - Common in Georgetown area. (Mill-
iron).

ASPARAGUS BEETLE (Crioceris asparagi) - DELAWARE - Destructive
to untreated plantings some areas. (Milliron).

STINK BUGS - SOUTH CAROLINA - Considerable damage to cantaloup
and watermelon through Barnwell County. (Shelley). GEORGIA - Heavy

- 520 -

infestations of Nezara viridula and Euschistus servus on tomatoes in Col-
quitt and Tift Counties. Light infestations in Cook and Tattnall Counties.
(Johnson, May 80). ;

SQUASH BUG (Anasa tristis) - FLORIDA - Adults averaging | to 13 per
plant on cucumber and watermelon in Holmes County. Infestation in-
creasing and control started. (Russell, May 24).

SPOTTED CUCUMBER BEETLE (Diabrotica undecimpunctata howardi) -
MARYLAND - Averaged 1 adult per 6 feet of row on snap beans, Quantico,
Wicomico County. (U. Md., Ent. Dept.). DELAWARE - Common on
squash at Ellendale. (Milliron), FLORIDA - Adults averaging 1 to 6 per
plant collected on cucumber in Holmes County. (Russell, May 24).

STRIPED CUCUMBER BEETLE (Acalymma vittata) - MARYLAND - Light
to heavy adult populations on cucumbers, squash and cantaloups in Wicom-
ico and Worcester Counties. (U. Md., Ent. Dept.). DELAWARE - De-
structive to cucumber and squash, Dover southward. (Milliron). NORTH
CAROLINA - Problem on squash in Duplin County. (Reid). FLORIDA -
Adults averaging 1 to 6 per plant on cucumber in Holmes County. (Russ-
ell, May 24).

BEET LEAFHOPPER (Circulifer tenellus) - UTAH - Populations generally
light. (Knowlton).

OMNIVOROUS LEAF TIER(Cnephasia longana) - OREGON - More abundant
in Willamette Valley than several years. Untreated hosts seriously dam-
aged in many locations. Late development of larvae resulted in greater
threat to strawberries than in past 3 or 4 years. (Capizzi).

SPITTLEBUGS - IDAHO - Second-instars generally present on straw-
berries at Sandpoint. (Barr).

TWO-SPOTTED SPIDER MITE (Tetranychus telarius) - MINNESOTA -
Numerous in strawberry fields in Minneapolis-St. Paul area. (Minn. Ins.
Rept. Serv.). CONNECTICUT - Building up on strawberries in Tolland
and Hartford Counties. (Tunis, Garnian).

A WEEVIL (Peritelinus oregonus) - OREGON - Adults commonly present
on strawberries at Shaw. Larvae are rare. (Rosenstiel, May 31).

A WEEVIL (Nemocestes incomptus) - WASHINGTON - Causing consider-
able damage to foliage of strawberries near Olympia. (Brannon).

STRAWBERRY WEEVIL (Anthonomus signatus) - MINNESOTA - Active in
Minneapolis-St. Paul area. (Minn. Ins. Rept. Serv.). NEW YORK -
Severe infestation in Oswego County. (Wkly. Rept. ).

STRAWBERRY LEAF ROLLER (Ancylis comptana fragariae) - ILLINOB-
Very aes in Union and Marion Counties where very heavy in 195.
(Chandler).

- 021 -

STRAWBERRY ROOT WEEVIL (Brachyrhinus ovatus) - WASHINGTON -
Causing considerable damage to four year old mint field near Mabton,
Ninety percent population adults by May 28. (Frick, Kamal). OREGON-
Adults emerged at Shaw, May 31. (Rosenstiel).

HORNWORMS (Protoparce spp. ) - GEORGIA - Light infestations on toma-
toes in Thomas, Colquitt, Coffee and Tattnall Counties. (Johnson, May
30). Eggs and larvae on tomatoes in Athens area. Light on pimiento
pepper in Madison County. (Jordon, May 31).

A TORTOISE BEETLE (Gratiana pallidula) - MISSISSIPPI - Infesting Irish
potatoes in Oktibbeha County. (Guice).

TOMATO FRUITWORM (Heliothis zea) - GEORGIA - Light infestations on
tomatoes in Thomas, Colquitt, Coffee and Tattnall Counties. (Johnson,
May 30). MISSISSIPPI - Found on tomatoes in Harrison County. (Mc-
Gehee).

TOBACCO FLEA BEETLE (Epitrix hirtipennis) - DELAWARE - Generally
present on potatoes and tomatoes. (Milliron).

TOBACCO INSECTS

HORNWORMS (Protoparce spp. ). - GEORGIA - Light infestations in
Grady, Thomas, Colquitt, Cook and Berrien Counties. (Johnson).
NORTH CAROLINA - Less than 1 percent in Columbus County. (Guthrie).
First females of P. sexta taken in light trap at Oxford on May 31, 19 days
later than in 1955. (Chamberlin).

GREEN PEACH APHID (Myzus persicae) - GEORGIA - Moderate infesta-
tions on tobacco in Colquitt, Cook, Berrien, Bacon, Appling, Tattnall
and Candler Counties. (Johnson). NORTH CAROLINA - Very light, 3
per leaf on tobacco in Wake and Columbus Counties. (Guthrie).

POTATO APHID (Macrosiphum solanifolii) - KENTUCKY - Serious infes-
tation on newly-set burley tobacco at Lexington. Reproducing at remark-
able rate. Det. L. M. Russell. (Boush).

SEED-CORN MAGGOT (Hylemya cilicrura) - CONNECTICUT - Serious on
newly-set tobacco at Windsor. (Kring).

- 022 -

STINK BUGS - GEORGIA - Light infestations of Nezara viridula and
Fuschistus servus in Cook, Berrien, Bacon, Appling, Tattnall and Candler
Counties. (Johnson).

TOBACCO BUDWORMS (Heliothis spp. ) - NORTH CAROLINA - Untreated
fields with 25 to 75 percent of buds infested in Columbus County and less

than 5 percent in Johnson County. (Guthrie). GEORGIA - Heavy infesta-
tions of Heliothis virescens in Grady, Thomas, Colquitt, Cook, Berrien,

Bacon, Appling, Tattnall, Candler and Emanuel Counties. (Johnson).

TOBACCO FLEA BEETLE (Epitrix hirtipennis) - NORTH CAROLINA -
Populations are high in untreated fields in Wake and Franklin Counties with
larvae boring 2 to 3 tunnels per stem. Eighty percent of transplants dam-
aged in Rockingham County and reports from numerous other counties.
(Jones, Farrier, Rabb, Hux). MARYLAND - Heavy damage to plants
around edges of tobacco beds in Anne Arundel County. (U. Md., Ent. Dept. )
Dept. ). VIRGINIA - Light to heavy infestations on newly-set tobacco in

Ree cage County. (Dominick). Problem in Dinwiddie County. (Bed-
well).

VEGETABLE WEEVIL (Listroderes costirostris obliquus) - MARYLAND-
Larvae lightly damaging plants in beds on several farms in Calvert County.
(U. Md., Ent. Dept.). VIRGINIA - Light infestation in plant beds one
location in Pittsylvania County. (Dominick).

WIREWORMS - NORTH CAROLINA - One to 6 percent of plants damaged
in Lee County. (Scott).

BENEFICIAL INSECTS

LADY BEETLES - ILLINOIS - Populations in legume fields approximately
280 per 100 sweeps in central area, and 100 per 100 sweeps in western
area. (Ill. Ins. Rept.). UTAH - Extremely numerous in some alfalfa in
Washington and Iron Counties, and at Delta. (Knowlton). WISCONSIN -
Increasing in alfalfa fields in pea acreage areas, but not keeping up to pea
aphid increase. Populations vary considerably. (Wis. Ins. Bull.).

HONEY BEE (Apis mellifera) - MINNESOTA - Field inspections reveal a
bee disease, Nosema, in rather severe amounts. The disease may have
caused poor overwintering and the several reported cases of severe spring
dwindling of colonies. (Minn. Ins. Rept. Serv.). NORTH CAROLINA -
Unusually large number of swarms. (Stephen).

- 523 -

COTTON INSECTS

BOLL WEEVIL (Anthonomus grandis) - TEXAS - Infestations light to
heavy in lower Rio Grande Valley. (Deer). Light infestations in south-
west, and migration of hibernating weevils into cotton fields in south
central, east, central and north central. (Fuller, Martin). Average of
49 weevils per acre in 9 fields in McLennan and Falls Counties, compared
with 75 per acre in 20 fields in 1955. (Parencia etal.). ARKANSAS -
Average 813 per acre in Columbia, Lafayette and Miller Counties. (War-
ren). MISSISSIPPI - Reported in most cotton fields in State. (Hutchins).
High populations, above 3, 000 per acre, in several localities. Fruiting
retarded in many fields near ideal hibernating areas. (Merkl, Furr etal.).
TENNESSEE - No weevils found in fields so far this season. (Locke).
GEORGIA - Heavy infestations in Lincoln County. (McGee). Also heavy
imvsumter, Terrell, Harly, Seminole, Grady, Thomas, Cook, Berrien,
Bacon, Appling, Tattnall, Candler and Emanuel Counties. (Johnson).
SOUTH CAROLINA - Readily found in most fields in coastal section. More
numerous in Piedmont than any time since 1950. (Walker etal.). NORTH
CAROLINA - Adults per 100 plants in following counties: Scotland, 0-9;
Gaston, 0; Robeson, 0-5; Anson, some present; Wayne, 0; Sampson, 1.
(Jones, Farrier).

BOLLWORMS (Heliothis spp. et al.) - ARIZONA - Small number on cotton
in Sahuarita area, Pima County May 25. (Ariz. Coop. Rept.). TEXAS -
Activity sharply increased throughout lower Rio Grande Valley. (Deer).
Few bollworms found in southwest and light to medium infestations in Jim
Wells County. Eggs and 12 percent injured squares in Houston County.
(Fuller, Martin).. ARKANSAS - One to 8 eggs per 100 feet in Lafayette
County. (Warren). MISSISSIPPI - Heavy egg deposition in few very-
early-planted fields. Condition unusual in delta counties at present stage
of development. (Merkl, Furr etal.). GEORGIA - Eggs observed in
Terrell, Early and Seminole Counties. (Johnson).

BROWN COTTON LEAFWORM (Acontia dacia) - TEXAS - Sufficient num-
bers to warrant control in Burleson County. Light infestations in Brazos,
McLennan, Falls, Denton and Collin Counties. (Fuller, Martin).

PINK BOLLWORM (Pectinophora gossypiella) - TEXAS - Counts from
bloom inspection lower than last year in lower Rio Grande Valley. Only
heavy spots along Rio Grande in small area near Laredo. (Deer). OKLA- ©
HOMA - Total of 3,379 bolls from standing stalks from 19 cotton-produc-
ing counties in 1955 yielded 44 live and 222 dead larvae. Nine live and 295
dead larvae recovered from 3, 222 bolls from surface debris. No live
larvae found east of 97th meridian. (Senette).

SPIDER MITES - ARIZONA - Moderate damage to 6 to 10 inch cotton in

440 acre field of cotton at Tolleson, Maricopa County. (Ariz. Coop. Rept.).
TEXAS - Damage beginning to appear in several localities in lower Rio
Grande Valley. (Deer). Light infestations in Victoria County and found in
west area. (Fuller, Martin).

- 524 -

COTTON FLEAHOPPERS - TEXAS - Light to medium infestations in
southwest, coastal bend, east, and upper coastal areas. Light to heavy
populations in south central and heavy damage in Victoria County.
(Fuller, Martin). Average infestation in McLennan and Falls Counties
5.6 per 100 terminals compared with 15.9 during corresponding period
of 1955. (Parencia et al.). MISSISSIPPI - Fairly common in small num-
bers in delta. counties. No damage evident. (Merkl, Furr etal. ).

APHIDS - TEXAS - Light infestations in Houston, San Augustine (Martin,
Fuller), McLennan and Falls Counties (Parencia et al.). MISSOURI -
Average of 1 to 3 Aphis gossypii per leaf on cotton. Hymenopterous para-
sites common. (Kyd, Thomas). TENNESSEE - Scattered and causing
some damage. Most damage from thrips and aphid combinations. (Locke).

GEORGIA - Heavy local infestations of A. gossypii in Lincoln
County. (McGee). SOUTH CAROLINA - Infestations remain light in
Florence area. Parasites and predators active. (Walker etal.). NORTH
CAROLINA - Generally light; 5-47 per 20 plants in Union County and 5-
67 per 20 plants in Johnson County. (Mistric). Heavy in Hertford County.
(Ballentine).

THRIPS - ARIZONA - Populations remained generally light in State May
25, (but building wp sapidly in few localities; ) (Aniz® (Coop. Rept) meee
AS - Light to heavy infestations in east, central, north central and north
plains areas. Light to medium infestations in southwest, upper coastal,
south central and northeast areas. Light infestations in north central,
west cross timbers, northwest, west central and west areas. (Fuller,
Martin). ARKANSAS - Very light, averaging 2 to 5 per 10 plants. (War-
ren). MISSOURI - Plants in 4 to 6 leaf stage average 1 to 2 thrips per

10 plants over cotton growing area. (Kyd, Thomas). MISSISSIPPI -
Heavy infestations in Tunica County. (Smith). Heavy damage on late un-
treated cotton, but generally less than past two years in delta counties.
(Merkl, Furr et al.). TENNESSEE - Migrating from other crops, pri-
marily vetch. Infestations building up and damage expected. (Locke).
GEORGIA - Light infestations on cotton in Sumter County. (Beckham,
May 24). SOUTH CAROLINA - Populations remained extremely low
throughout seedling stage in Pee Dee area. (Walker etal.). Damage
ranges from moderate to severe in several locations. (Nettles et al. ).
NORTH CAROLINA - Population light; 3-9 per 20 plants in Johnston
County and variable 22-128 per 20 plants in Union County. (Mistric,
Spyhalski).

BEET ARMY WORM (Laphygma exigua) - ARIZONA - Abundant in 120
acres of cotton near Tolleson. Caused considerable damage before treat-
ment. (Ariz. Coop. Rept. ).

FLEA BEETLES - TENNESSEE - Slightly heavier than last week. Damage
slight. (Locke),. SOUTH CAROLINA - Damage numerous over Piedmont
area. (Nettles).

GREEN PEACH APHID (Myzusb persicae) - ARIZONA - Incipient infesta-

Naess oF 00 acres of cotton in Continental area, Pima County. (Ariz. Coop.

- 525 -

A LEAFROLLER - ARIZONA - Appearing on 120 acres of cotton near
Tolleson, Maricopa County. Moving in from sugar beets. (Ariz. Coop.
Rept. ).

GRASSHOPPERS - TEXAS - Heavy infestations hatching in Palo Pinto
County waste land areas. Abundant in 10 cotton fields in Delta County
and light widespread in Hunt County. Few found in Red River County

and light damage in Caldwell County. (Fuller, Martin).

FOREST, ORNAMENTAL AND SHADE TREE INSECTS

—_ )

SPRUCE BUDWORM (Choristoneura fumiferana) - MINNESOTA - Larvae
mining needles of balsam fir in Ely, northern area, and moving to buds
in St. Paul-Minneapolis area. (Minn. Ins. Rept. Serv. ).

WHITE PINE WEEVIL (Pissodes strobi) - WISCONSIN - Feeding punc-
tures very numerous throughout plantations in Adams, Juneau and Wood
Counties. (Wis. Wkly. Bull.).

PINE SPITTLEBUG (Aphrophora parallela) - DELAWARE - Numerous
on loblolly and Virginia pines at Petersburg. (Milliron).

PINE NEEDLE SCALE (Phenacaspis-pinifoliae) - MINNESOTA - Hatching
delayed but 30 to 40 percent hatch expected in Minneapolis-St. Paul area.
(Minn. Ins. Rept. Serv.). RHODE ISLAND - Light to medium infesta-
tions on pines in Kingston area. (Steve).

LARCH SAWFLY (Pristiphora erichsonii) - MINNESOTA - Cocoons
plentiful in spring survey plots. Amount of defoliation depending greatly
on tamarack development. (Minn. Ins. Rept. Serv. ).

ELM LEAF BEETLE (Galerucella xanthomelaena) - NEVADA - Oviposi-
tion progressing rapidly throughout western area. (Gallaway, May 26). R.
ISLAND - Adults active, ovipositing and feeding on elms. (Mathewson,
Steve).

PINE SAWFLIES - MISSOURI -_Neodiprion sp. heavily infesting pines
over much of State. In short leaf pine area of south central Ozarks dam-
age to needles of individual trees ranged from 5 to 70 percent. (Kyd,
Thomas). WISCONSIN - Neodiprion nanulus hatching in Wood County
May 24; later than previous two years. (Wis. Ins. Bull.).

FOREST TENT CATERPILLAR (Malacosoma disstria) - MINNESOTA -
Second instars south of Duluth early in week of May 28. Scattered defoli-
ation expected in following 10 days to 2 weeks. (Minn. Ins. Rept. Serv. ).
WISCONSIN - Second-instars in small numbers on aspen in Sawyer
Countya (Wis. ins. Sule):

EASTERN TENT CATERPILLAR (Malacosoma americanum) --RHODE
ISLAND - Larval tents abundant along roadsides. (Steve). VIRGINIA -

- 026 -

Severe on wild cherry and apple trees from Fredericksburg to Culpeper
to Luray. (Willey). WISCONSIN - Numerous on cherry along roadsides
in several counties. (Wis. Ins. Bull. ).

PINE NEEDLE MINER (Exotelia pinifoliella) - WISCONSIN - Common
in jackpine needles in Douglas, Polk and Washburn Counties. (Wis. Ins.

Bulan

JAPANESE BEETLE (Popillia japonica) - VIRGINIA - Pupating in Nor-
folk County May 24. (Raine).

APHIDS - MARYLAND - Abundant on ornamentals in areas of Montgomery
and Prince Georges Counties. (U. Md., Ent. Dept.). DELAWARE -
Cinara sp. very prevalent on Virginia pine in Redden State Forest.
Milliron). NEVADA - Infestations developing earlier and more numerous
than in past years. (Gallaway, May 26).

BAG WORM (Thyridopteryx ephemeraeformis) - ARKANSAS - Unusually
heavy on sycamore, cedar, arborvitae and other trees in many localities
and stripping of foliage not uncommon. (Warren). VIRGINIA - Severe on
cedars locally in Warren County. (Weddle). Heavy on cedar and migrat-
ing to plum trees in Shenandoah. Heavy damage to latter. (Morris).

OYSTERSHELL SCALE (Lepidosaphes ulmi) - UTAH - Damaging willows,
lilacs and other hosts in a number of localities. (Knowlton). WISCON-
SIN - Hatch continues in southern and western areas. (Wis. Ins. Bull. ).

SMALL CHESTNUT WEEVIL (Curculio auriger) - MARYLAND - High
numbers of adults on ground in cages, Montgomery County. (U. Md.,
Ent Depts):

SPIDER MITES - ARIZONA - Heavy on about 20 acres of roses at Phoe-
nix, May 28. (Ariz. Coop. Rept.). OREGON - Eurytetranychus buxi
in large numbers on boxwood in Salem, May 14. (Krantz). RHODE IS-
LAND - Oliconychus ununguis on juniper and spruce in several areas.
Ecos numerous and hatching occurred. (Mathewscn, Steve).

SPRING CANKERWORM (Paleacrita vernata) - INDIANA - Common in
many areas; defoliating elm. (Davis).

INSECTS AFFECTING MAN AND ANIMALS

MOSQUITOES - MARYLAND - Annoying residents along Chesapeake Bay
in Anne Arundel County. (U. Md., Ent. Dept.). FLORIDA - Adults of
Aedes infirmatus averaged 4 per 5 minutes from man and dog in Marion
County. (Mead, May 24). OHIO - Mostly A. sticticus moderate to severe
in Wooster area. (Rings). WISCONSIN - Temporary pools in Milwaukee
County heavily infested largely with larvae of probably A. vexans. A.
sticticus emerged May 30 in Baraboo area. (Wis. Ins. Bull.). oe

- 027 -

BLACK FLIES - PENNSYLVANIA - Causing considerable annoyance
locally to residents in Lackawanna County. (Gesell).

FLIES - ARIZONA - Flies, mainly Musca domestica, population indices

of 2 small towns in southeast Maricopa and northwest Pinal Counties:
average of 5 highest grill counts in 9 blocks was 16.8 May 138-19 and 66. 4
May 20-26. (Ariz. Coop. Rept.). OKLAHOMA - Fannia canicularis more
numerous this year than for past 10 years. (Howell). GEORGIA - Popula-
tions of M. domestica heavy in Thomas County. (Johnson). PENNSYL-
VANIA = House flies abundant in barns in south central area. (Pepper).

SAND FLIES - UTAH - Annoying in areas around Great Salt Lake and
near Delta. (Knowlton).

IslOlgysiahy Ie Da;S) VIRGINIA - Quite heavy in mountain area in Montgomery
County. (Raffensperger).

SCREW-WORM (Callitroga hominivorax) - NORTH CAROLINA - On 4-5
farms at sheep shearing in Davie County. Increased activity during week.
(Williams).

CATTLE GRUBS - MARYLAND - Cattle annoyed by heel flies in most
sections. (U. Md., Ent. Dept.). WEST VIRGINIA - Adults of Hypoderma
spp. laying eggs throughout State. (Dorsey, Hansen). VIRGINIA - Adults,
probably H. lineatum, annoying cattle in Montgomery County. (Raffensper-
ger, Morris).

PLEAS - GEORGIA - Unusually abundant in yards in Peach County.
(Snapp).

AMERICAN DOG TICK (Dermacentor variabilis) - RHODE ISLAND -
Abundant in several areas. (Steve). VIRGINIA - Heavier than usual in
some parts of State. (Turner).

TICKS - ARKANSAS - Heavy on livestock throughout State this spring.
Sweep collections in northwest area as high as 800 nymphs and adults per
hour. (Lancaster).

STORED PRODUCTS INSECTS

LESSER GRAIN BORER (Rhyzopertha dominica) - OREGON - In moderate
numbers on sacked screenings in Astoria, May 24. (Goeden).

Stored Grain Insect Situation Arkansas - Of seven bins examined in Stutt-
gart-Dewitt area, five infested with ANGOUMOIS GRAIN MOTH, four with
SAW-TOOTHED GRAIN BEETLE and four with CADELLBE. (Rouse).

- 528 -
ADDITIONAL NOTES

ALABAMA - THREE-CORNERED ALFALFA HOPPER abundant on sericea
and other plants. (Blake, Robertson). SHEEP BOT FLY abundant and
very annoying to sheep in several localities in State. LESSER CORN-
STALK BORER severe on beans, cowpeas and other crops. (Blake)
COTTON FLEAHOPPER fairly numerous on Cotton at Prattville.
(Robertson). THRIPS damage to cotton in central area varies from light
to heavy. SQUASH BUG damaging squash and watermelon in several paris
of State. Extremely heavy on squash in Chilton County. (Arant).

ILLINOIS - EUROPEAN CORN BORER pupation nearly complete in southern
half of State, emergence progressing. In area north of Highway 36 and
south of Highway 6, pupation ranges from 50 to 90 percent. Emergence in
this area just begun and should reach a peak in two to three weeks. In

area north of Highway 6, pupation ranges from 12 to 50 percent but no
emergency reported. (Ill. Ins. Rept. ).

NEW YORK - EUROPEAN CORN BORER one-third to two-thirds pupated
at Poughkeepsie. First moths taken June 4, latest in area records.
(Adams).

PENNSYLVANIA - ALFALFA WEEVIL pupating, few adults seen. Severe
damage to untreated alfalfa fields in south central area. LESSER CLOVER
LEAF WEEVIL injury to red clover in Lancaster County. (Pepper).

IOWA - EUROPEAN CORN BORER - Sixty-ninety percent pupation in cen-
tral area with first moths emerging May 28. Development approximately
normal as of this date. GRASSHOPPERS - Hatching of differential grass-
hopper well underway in south and central Iowa. Two to ten small nymphs
per square yard in new oat seedings in south lowa. SPIT’TLEBUGS ob-
served in Tama County, first record for that county. Infestation ranging
from 10-20 per 100 alfalfa stems. Infestation heavier in more eastern
counties. Numerous reports of WIREWORMS, CUTWORMS, AND SEED-
CORN MAGGOTS from all areas. A field of soybeans was destroyed by
glassy cutworms in Story County. PEA APHID infestation apparently ata
standstill, predators still abundant. GARDEN WEBWORMS attacking al-
falfa in southwestern corner of State. An unusual flight of ARMY CUT-
WORM moths in Mills, Pottawattamie, Cass and Montgomery Counties.
Moths sufficiently abundant to constitute a severe nuisance in homes.
MITES on strawberries severe and damaging in many areas. Heavy
MOSQUITO populations present in eastern Iowa. (Harris).

LOUISIANA - TARNISHED PLANT BUGS- Continue to increase in alfalfa
and red clover, 40-110/100 sweeps in several parishes. PEA APHID -
remains heavy in alfalfa in Natchitoches, Red River, Bossier and Rapides
Parishes with 1000-4000 per 100 sweeps. BOLL WEEVIL - Populations
increasing in cotton in several fields in Tensas, Quachita, Bossier, Red
River and Natchitoches Parishes. BROWN COTTON LEAFWORM -
Remains lightin cotton with one field in Red River Parish and two fields in
Natchitoches Parish being infested. COTTON FLEAHOPPER - Light in

- 529 -

cotton in Rapides, Bossier, Red River, Natchitoches, and Quachita Par-
ishes. LEAFHOPPERS (Empoasca sp.) are infesting Irish potatoes at
50/100 sweeps in Rapides Parish. COLORADO POTATO BEETLE -
Infesting Irish potatoes at 35/100 sweeps in Rapides Parish. (Oliver).

MISC BLLANEOUS INSECTS

A TERMITE (Zootermopsis anqusticollis) - FLORIDA - Collected from
processed lumber of Oregon fir at Sarasota, Sarasota County. Species
does not occur in Florida. (Taylor, May 21).

EUROPEAN EARWIG (Forficula auricularia) - UTAH - More troublesome
in gardens and homes. (Knowlton). NEVADA - Unusually active in Reno
area. (Gallaway, May 26).

AK ES FS AE AE OI AK 2S 2 2 OK 2K 25 2K aK 2K 2K 2K

CORRECTIONS: CEIR 6(11):224 - Note on "An eriophyid mite (Eriophyes
prunidemissae) - Utah" should be credited to Kaloostian.

CEIR 6(22):479 - Note on Margarodes meridionalis in Florida should read
averaging 1000 per pint. (Denmark).

CEIR 6(22):477 - Diatraea grandiosella should read Zeadiatraea grandio-
sella.

- 530 -

WEATHER BUREAU'S 30-DAY OUTLOOK
JUNE 1956

The Weather Bureau's 30-day outlook for June calls for temperatures to
average above seasonal normals from the Rocky Mountain States eastward
to the Mississippi. Below normal temperatures are anticipated east of the
Appalachian and in the vicinity of the Sierra Nevada mountains. In other
areas temperatures are predicted to average near normal. Precipitation
is expected to be subnormal in the eastern half of the country, except
above normal in Florida and New England. In the western half of the
nation, generally near normal amounts are indicated.

This report was released by the Weather Bureau on June 2, 1956

Weather forecast given here is based on the official 30-day "Resume and
Outlook", published twice a month by the Weather Bureau. You can sub-
scribe through Superintendent of Documents, Washington 25, D. C.
Price $4.80 a year, $2.40 for six months.

WEATHER FOR THE WEEK ENDING JUNE 4, 1956

Alternate warm and cool periods and widespread moderate to heavy rains
and thunderstorms characterized the weather of the week east of the Rock-
ies. As temperatures on the East Coast touched the 90° mark as far
north as New England on May 31, freezing occurred in many central areas
near the Canadian Border, and on June 1 Green Bay, Wis., recorded 33°,
anew June record. Rainfall, generally totaling from lto 4 inches, either
maintained or replenished soil moisture in virtually all areas from the
Mississippi Valley eastward, and were of great benefit in the central and
lower Great Plains except in extreme western and southern Texas and
eastern New Mexico. The week was unseasonably warm in most of the

far West, with a high of 95° setting a new May record for Grand Junction,
Colo., on the 3lst. Rainfall, moderate to heavy in the northern Rockies
and light to moderate in Washington and Oregon, tapered off to negligible
amounts in the extreme South where more is badly needed owing to the
long, dry period there. Rains and snowmelt were responsible for rising
streams and locally severe flooding in the Northwest. Damaging thunder-
squalls and hail occurred in widely scattered sections; and tornadoes were
reported from Wisconsin and the High Plains region of Texas. (Summary
Supplied by U. S. Weather Bureau).

LIGHT TRAP COLLECTIONS Pses Agrotis Prod. Perid. Feltia Heliothis Protoparce Chor.
unipun. ypsilon ornith, marg. subt. zea viresc. sexta quing. aux.
COLORADO (County) 1
Otero 5/21 p45 +/
SOUTH DAKOTA
Brookings 5/29 4 54
NORTH DAKOTA
Fargo 5/26-31 35
MISSOURI (County)
Boone 5/26-6/1 27 4 9 13
KANSAS
Manhattan 5/28-31 1 WY
Hays 5/18-24 1 293
Garden City 5/17-23 2 145
TEXAS
College Station 5/16-28 14 27 il 3
ARKANSAS (Counties)
Hope 5/25-31 iy 8 10 6
Stuttgart 5/24-29 32 13 10 18
Van Buren 5/24-31 6 2 1 8
Varner 5/17-30 29 3 CAD)
Fayetteville 5/26-6/1 43 3 14 29
LOUISIANA 2/
Tallulah 5/26-6/1 104 20 68 165 26 838 49 57
Franklin 5/24-30 19 8 8 4
Baton Rouge 5/26-31 1 19 2 60 16
MISSISSIPPI (Counties)
Coahoma 5/26-6/1 194 6 2 81 1 136
Humphreys 233 24 11 143 3 387 tf
Lauderdale 1 10
Marshall 46 14 1 5 48 1
Oktibbeha 2 31 5) ail 25 19 118 15
Washington 5/25-31 2/ 630 43 452 235)
TENNESSEE (Counties)
Madison 5/21-28 is) 9
Lawrence
Maury 8 4 6 8 16
Robertson 5 4 10 3
Cumberland 2 2 1 3 2
Knox 18 19 9 2 34
Greene 16 4 2 2 10 6 7
Blount 33 10 8 4
Marion ~ 4 2 1
Johnson abs 16
GEORGIA (Counties)
Tift 5/20-26 9 33 32 144 43° 108 13 2
Spalding 5/19-25 3 4 Hl 5 13 22 6 13
NORTH CAROLINA (Counties)
Johnston 5/30-31 2 1 1 1 9 3
Duplin 5/30-31 il 2 3 4
SOUTH CAROLINA (Counties)
Oconee 5/27-6/2 5 fs) 34 8 17 5 5
Florence 5/19-25 1 14 32 12 80 3 2
Charleston 5/14-20 1 3 4 1
VIRGINIA
Chatham 5/20-26 W/
MARYLAND (County)
Montgomery 5/26-31 5 3 1
PENNSYLVANIA
State College 5/22-6/1 53 15
INDIANA (Counties)
Lawrence 5/23-28 19 4 2 1
Tippecanoe 5/25-31 185 9 2 17
ILLINOIS
Urbana 5/25-31 103 2 42 i
WISCONSIN
DeForest 5/26-28 3 3 8

Number .of traps not given.

zy

- 531 -

Two traps, Washington co., three traps, Tallulah.

- 533 -

SURVEY METHODS

Uniform Survey Procedure Approved By
The Lake States Forest Insect Survey Committee - 1956

SPRUCE BUDWORM DETECTION SURVEY FOR THE LAKE STATES REGION

PURPOSE:

The spruce budworm detection survey will provide general information on annual population
fluctuations at fixed locations, aid in locating areas of heavy defoliation not previously ob-
served, and obtain quantitative data on budworm abundance at various locations throughout the
spruce-fir type.

INSTRUCTIONS:

The survey may be carried out in the following manner:

4

3.

4.

Location of collecting point. --The permanent collecting points should be established in ac-
cessible balsam fir stands of several acres in size, and distributed so as to give good
coverage of the spruce-fir types in each State. The area in which the collecting point is
established should not be subject to cutting for at least 10 years. These points should be
established in budworm-susceptible stands; the insect itself may or may not be present.
Adequate coverage should be obtained if a minimum of 10 collecting points are established
in each of the State's forest districts. Where private, state, and federal holdings occur
in the same district the State will be responsible in apportioning the number of points to
be established by each. These points can be established at any time to avoid delay at the
time of taking records.

Selecting trees to be sampled. --Adjacent to the reference point three balsam firs suitable
for beating are selected and marked with paint, using 1, 2, and 3 diagonal lines. These
same three trees will be sampled annually for budworm larvae and defoliation.

The selected trees should be: (1) typical of the surrounding stand, (2) just within or at

the edge of the stand, (3) as bushy as possible, (4) at least 25 to 30 feet tall, and (5) with
live limbs in full sunlight close to the ground. Small trees growing closely with or beneath
larger trees may be used, also trees along roads, around fields, campgrounds, or similar
openings. At each collecting point a centrally located tree or post should be permanently
marked (preferably with paint) with the number of the collecting point and a symbol desig-
nating the establishing agency.

Taking plot data:
Numbers 1 through 9 on the attached survey form are self-explanatory.

Number 10--List each major tree species, starting with the most abundant species; esti-
mate the average height of each species and percent occupied in the overstory.

Number 11--Estimate length of live crown and average basal width in feet. When one
side of live crown is shorter than the other due to shading, determine average from both
lengths. The same procedure will be used for basal width.

Sampling procedure. --Sampling for the budworm at each collecting point will be made

after the larvae have reached the fifth stage in the following manner: (1) place the collect-
ing sheet on ground beneath outer crown of sample tree--at least half of the sheet should
project beyond the outer crown of perimeter on the leeward side, (2) using the long pole,
brush the lower 10 feet of the live crown directly above the sheet with five heavy downward
strokes, (3) count all budworm larvae and pupae falling onto the sheet and record the

- 534 -

number for each tree sampled, (4) estimate defoliation for each tree sampled as none = no
defoliation of current growth evident, light =a trace up to 20 percent of the current growth
defoliated, medium = 21 to 50 percent current defoliation, and heavy = over 51 percent cur-
rent defoliation. Divide crown into three levels and estimate defoliation in each part. The
average of these three estimates will be the degree of defoliation for the entire tree. When
no budworm larvae are recovered from the beating or no defoliation is observed, those items
should be recorded on the form.

REPORTING RESULTS:

A new set of data will be recorded each year the collecting point is visited. The same form
ean be used for these yearly collections.

Each cooperating agency will prepare a map showing the exact location and number of each
collection point established; copies of this map will be sent to the State agency designated to
receive forest insect reports, and to the Division of Forest Insect Research, Lake States
Forest Experiment Station, St. Paul Campus, University of Minnesota, St. Paul 1, Minnesota.
After each collection has been made the completed form should be mailed immediately to the
State agency involved. ‘This will include collections made on National Forests. This State

agency, in turn, will prepare a yearly summary of these reports for inclusion in the regional
report by the Division of Forest Insect Research.

EQUIPMENT:

The survey has been designed so that a minimum of equipment will be needed.
1. One 6' x 8' collecting sheet of unbleached sheeting or similar material.

2. light pole approximately 10 feet long. (This can be cut on the spot and left for next year's
use. )

3. Paint for numbering trees and marking location of collecting point.

4. Supply of Spruce Budworm Detection Survey forms (one copy for each collecting point).
Je 1.) Bean and Hy ©) Batzer, Horest services Un one Daas

- 585 -

SPRUCE BUDWORM DETECTION SURVEY

(1) Collecting Point No. (2) State (3) TRS Forty
(4) Collecting Point Location

(5) Reporting Agency 3 Stand Acreage:
(6) Collectors (7) Date
(8) Staminate Flowers Present (Balsam Fir) YES NO

(9) Stand Description Average Height Percent of Overstor

Species

(10) Individual Tree Record

Crown Spruce Budworm Percent of
Number

IDS Sh Jaks Pupae Current Defoliation

2 rr ey

INSTRUCTIONS
ee Establishment of Collecting Point:

l. Select permanent sampling points within susceptible balsam fir stands. There should
be a minimum of 10 points in each state forest district or comparable sampling unit.

2. At each sampling point select THREE balsam firs, preferably dominant or codominant,
which are part of the stand but which are fairly well in the open and have low, living
branches.

3. Mark the trees with paint with 1, 2, and 3 diagonal lines; locate them accurately by
reference to known points and also on a map.

Ti: Sampling Procedure:

1. Sampling should be done when the larvae are in the fifth stage or instar.

2. Place collecting sheet (6' x 8') on ground on the leeward side and under the crown of
each marked tree, with half of the sheet projecting beyond the perimeter of the crown.

3. With a long pole (10' or more) brush the lower 10 feet of the live crown directly above
the sheet with 5 heavy downward strokes.

OI. Completing Form:

l. Numbers | through 8 are self-explanatory.

2. Number 9 - List each major tree species, starting with the most abundant species;
estimate the average height and percent occupied in overstory.

3. Number 10 - Estimate crown length and average basal width in feet. Record number
of budworm larvae and pupae on sheet. Record defoliation of current growth as NONE
when no defoliation is evident; LIGHT - a trace to 20 percent defoliated; MEDIUM -
21 to 50 percent defoliated; and HEAVY - over 50 percent defoliated. Divide crown
into three levels and estimate the defoliation in each; the average indicates the degree
defoliation for the entire tree.

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AGRICULTURAL RESEARCH SERVICE

PLANT PEST CONTROL BRANCH

ECONOMIC INSECT SURVEY SECTION

The Cooperative Economic Insect Report is
issued weekly as a service to American Agri-
culture. Its contentsare compiled from informa-
tion supplied by cooperating State, Federal, and
industrial entomologists and other agricultural
workers. In releasing this material the Branch
serves as a clearing house and does not assume

responsibility for accuracy of the material.

Reports and inquiries pertaining to this release
should be mailed to:

Economic Insect Survey Section
Plant Pest Control Branch
Agricultural Research Service
United States Department of Agriculture
Washington 25, D. C.

Volume 6 June. 15; 1956 Number 24
COOPERATIVE ECONOMIC INSECT REPORT

Highlights of Insect Conditions

GRASSHOPPERS of concern in Merced, Madera and some other counties
of California; damaging or threatening crops at Ephrata, Washington;
hatching rapidly in western Nevada and becoming more numerous in east-
ern New Mexico. Nymphs heavy in many areas of Kansas and damage ap-
pearing in field margins in Missouri. Hatch continues in lowa, underway
in southeast Minnesota. Populations becoming abundant in margins and
roadsides in eastern Oklahoma and locally heavy in southeast and south
central Arkansas. (pp. 539, 562). EUROPEAN CORN BORER developing
rapidly in lowa, egg masses in Boone County. Emergence from 5 to 86
percent in Illinois. Pupation over 50 percent in southeast South Dakota,
40 percent in Columbia County, Wisconsin, 28-45 percent in Minnesota.
Borer development 10-14 days later than in 1955 in Minnesota and Illinois.
(pps DS Oe 562):

CORN EARWORM infesting corn in some areas of Kansas, Texas, Okla-
homa, Louisiana, Georgia and North Carolina. (p. 540). CHINCH BUG
continues to increase in small grains in central and eastern Kansas. Also
reported from Mississippi and Oklahoma. (p. 540). ARMYWORMS appear-
ing in central lowa. Damage reported from areas of Indiana, Virginia, Ariz. ,
Delaware. Heaviest moth flight of season in Illinois and moths continue to
appear at Fargo, North Dakota. (pp. 542, 561).

ALFALFA WEEVIL damage continues in infested Eastern States. Larvae
appearing in western Nebrdska. Damage becoming noticeable in Utah,
severe in Churchill and Washoe Counties, Nevada and Owyhee County,
Idaho. (pp. 548, 561). PEA APHID continues in damaging numbers in
alfalfa in some Colorado counties: Abundant in western Nevada and Illin-
ois. (p. 543). Light to moderate on peas in Delaware, Utah and Wiscon-
sin. (p. 550). SPOTTED ALFALFA APHID medium to heavy in Eddy and
Dona Ana Counties, New Mexico and heavy in several Texas Panhandle
counties. Mostly low populations in Kansas and Oklahoma. (p. 544).
POTATO LEAFHOPPER increasing on alfalfa in South Dakota; widespread
in Illinois. (p. 544). SPITTLEBUGS heaviest in years in New York,
causing concern in eastern Iowa. (p. 561, 562). Adults appearing in
Delaware, Illinois. (p. 544). CUTWORMS damaging corn over northern
Missouri; severe on corn on sandy soil in northeast Nebraska. (p. 545).

Next brood of RED- BANDED LEAF ROLLER may require intensive con-
trols in northwest Missouri. (p. 546). Unusually early heavy infestation

of FALL WEBWORM on pecan in Louisiana. Also reported from Mississ-
ippi. (p. 547). A LEAF ROLLER (Archips rosana) causing general damage
in orchards in Willamette Valley, Oregon. (p. 547). CATFACING IN-
SECTS severe on peaches in Alabama; abundant at Wooster, Ohio. (pp.
048, 561). Another MEXICAN FRUIT FLY trapped-at San Ysidro, Califor-
nia. (p. 548). MEDITERRANEAN FRUIT FLY reported from additional
counties of Florida. (p.548).

Gee &

MEXICAN BEAN BEETLE adult appearing in Schenectady County, New
York and causing serious damage in York County, Pennsylvania. (pp.
550, 561). ONION MAGGOT severe in Iowa and extremely numerous in
Ada County, Idaho. (p. 550). STRIPED CUCUMBER BEETLE numerous
on cucurbits in eastern South Dakota, Maryland and Delaware. (p. 550).
COLORADO POTATO BEETLE heaviest in years in southwestern Idaho.
Abundant on untreated tomatoes in eastern Maryland and Delaware. (p.
OAL)

HORNWORM eggs on tobacco in southern Virginia. (p. 552).

BOLL WEEVIL numerous in lower Piedmont region, North Carolina; con-
siderable increase in fields in Florence, South Carolina area. Heavy
populations in several east central Georgia counties and in some spots in
delta counties of Mississippi. (p. 554). Early appearance of damaging
infestations of BOLIL.WORMS in cotton in delta counties of Mississippi very
unusual; moderate to heavy damage in lower Rio Grande Valley, Texas.

(p. 554). PINK BOLLWORM infestations in blooms lower than last year
in lower Rio Grande Valley and upper coastal areas of Texas but higher

in Laredo section. (p. 555). THRIPS damaging cotton in many areas,
heavy on young cotton at Tallulah, Louisiana, in delta counties of Miss-
issippi and Hart and Elbert Counties, Georgia. (p. 555). FLEAHOPPERS
more abundant than usual in some Alabama counties, appearing in west
Tennessee. (p. 556).

MOSQUITOES very abundant in Weber County, Utah, Dona Ana County,
New Mexico and in Jackson, Grand and Routt Countiés, Colorado. (p.
558). HORN FLIES continue to increase in Kansas; heavy in areas of
Idaho, West Virginia, Texas and Virginia. (p. 558). SCREW-WORM
situation in North Carolina may become serious by end of season. (p.
558):

WEATHER summary. (p. 962). Corrections. (p. 558).
ADDITIONAL NOTES. (p. 561). States reporting this week - 41.
Some of more IMPORTANT INSECTS in Florida in 1955. (p. 559).

Survey method for SARATOGA SPITTLEBUG. (p. 568).

SHAR KEK

Reports in this issue are for the week ending June 8 unless otherwise
designated.

- 039 -

CEREAL AND FORAGE INSECTS

GRASSHOPPERS - CALIFORNIA - Economic infestations in Merced and
Madera Counties may require control. Heavy nymphal mortality in north-
ern Sacramento Valley. Hatching in Nevada County. Hatch in Glenn
County requiring control. (Cal. Coop. Rept.). NEVADA - Hatching
rapidly in western area. Camnula pellucida hatching in Elko County.
(Gallaway, Del Curto, June 2). WASHINGTON - Melanoplus mexicanus
and M. bivittatus damaging approximately 1,200 acres of crop land near
Ephrata and 12, 000 acres irrigated crops threatened. (Kamal, Delaney,
Brannon). NEW MEXICO - Light in alfalfa in Rio Arriba County. (Durkin,
June 2). Becoming more numerous on range lands after rains on eastern
side of State. Heavy populations in areas of Union County. From 5 to 35
nymphs per square yard in an infestation in Lea County. (GHC Proj.,

June 2). KANSAS - Hatch about complete. Heavy nymphal populations in
many areas and adult M. mexicanus and_M. femur-rubrum as far north as
Riley and Pottawatomie Counties, northeast area. From 15 to 200 per
square yard (nymphs) in Riley and Wabaunsee Counties and from 15 to 80
per square yard in Geary, Morris, Marion, Dickinson, Harvey and Sedg-
wick Counties. Destructive infestations in Sudangrass fields in Chautau-
qua County where grasshoppers moving from hatching areas. (Matthew).
OKLAHOMA - Becoming abundant in roadsides and field margins in eastern
area. Twelve to 20M. differentialis per square yard in pecan orchards

of Muskogee County. (Coppock). MISSOURI - Damage beginning to appear
in margins of some fields, particularly noticeable in north Missouri.

(Kyd, Thomas). WISCONSIN - Larger numbers of newly-hatched grass-
hoppers appearing on lighter soils in Adams, Buffalo, Columbia, Dane and
Sauk Counties; mostly M. bivittatus and M. differentialis. (Wis. Ins. Bul.)
MINNESOTA - Melanoplus bivittatus hatching in southeast area; M. femur-
rubrum eggs in all stages with 75 percent in coagulate. (Pearson).
ILLINOIS - Nymphs average 2 per 100 sweeps in roadside grass and mar-
gins in northwest, 22 in central and 38 in eastern section. (Ill. Ins. Rept. ).
TEXAS - Medium widespread on grasses and grains in Denton County.
(Chada). General medium infestations on corn, some very heavy, in Palo
Pinto County. (Lindsey). Heavy locally on pastures in Nacogdoches
County. (Clifton).

EUROPEAN CORN BORER (Pyrausta nubilalis) - SOUTH DAKOTA - Pupa-
tion greater than 00 percent in southeastern area. (Hantsbarger). MINNE-
SOTA - Pupation proceeding rapidly; 28 to 45 percent. Borer development
about 10-14 days later than 1955. Corn from 3 to 10 inches tall. (Minn.
Ins. Rept. Serv.). ILLINOIS - Emergence ranges from 5 to 86 percent;
pupation from 70 percent to complete. Occasional eggs in much of area
north of Highway 36. In general, borer development approximately 10

days later than 1955 and corn growth about same. This makes the situa-
tion still serious and many of more advanced fields in northern half of

State will almost certainly warrant insecticide in late June or early July.
(Tll. Ins. Rept.). WISCONSIN - Forty percent pupation in Columbia County.
(Wis. Ins. Bul.). NEW JERSEY - Laying eggs on sweet corn in Cape May
County on May 30th. One egg mass per 10 plants. (Ins.-Dis. News. ).

- 540 -

Corn earworm as Reported Week Ending 6/8 A

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* Two traps at Stoneville, Miss.; three at Tullulah, La.

CORN EARWORM (Heliothis zea) - TEXAS - Heavy widespread on corn

in Fannin County. (Green). OKLAHOMA - Damage to whorls of corn 17-
19 percent in Checotah area, 4-5 percent in Bixby area. (Coppock).
KANSAS - Adults, larvae and eggs in one corn field in Harvey County.
Twenty-eight percent infestation of whorls. (Matthew). LOUISIANA -
Heavy in silking corn in East Baton Rouge and West Baton Rouge Parishes.
Sixty percent infestation some fields. (Oliver). GEORGIA - Infestations
15-25 percent on treated sweet corn in Tattnall County; field corn 90
percent infested. (Johnson). NORTH CAROLINA - Averaged 3.6 eggs per
silk tip on 15 silks at Faison. Ears with drying silks have at least one

larva. (Farrier).

CORN FLEA BEETLE (Chaetocnema pulicaria) - NEW JERSEY - Wide-
spread in Cape May County May 30; remains low in Burlington County.
(Ins. -Dis. News.). DELAWARE - Numerous on sweet corn generally;
severe bacterial wilt some areas. Conspicuous numbers of insect also on
field corn. (Milliron). ILLINOIS - From 80-100 percent of corn in south-
ern half of State shows feeding. From 257 beetles per 100 plants in south-

east to 0 in northwest. (Ill. Ins. Rept. ).

CHINCH BUG (Blissus leucopterus) - KANSAS - Populations continue to in-
crease in many small grain fields of central and eastern areas. From 40

to over 100 nymphs per foot of row in Riley, Geary, Morris, Dickinson,
Harvey, Marion and Sedgwick Counties. Some movement to adjacent row
crops indicated. (Matthew). MISSISSIPPI - Damage to sorghum in Oktib-
beha County. (Hutchins). OKLAHOMA - Thousands, mostly nymphs, per
Sweet corn plant in one Tulsa County field. (Coppock).

- 541 -

BILLBUGS - WISCONSIN - Damage appearing in some corn fields in
Rock and Walworth Counties. (Wis. Ins. Bul.). SOUTH DAKOTA -
Calendra sp. damaging 10 acres of corn in Lincoln County. (Hantsbarger).

CORN LEAF APHID (Rhopalosiphum maidis) - OKLAHOMA - Common in
sorghums in Lincoln, Okfuskee and McIntosh Counties. Scattered popula-

tions, no damage. (Coppock).

CORN ROOT WEBWORM (Crambus caliginosellus) - VIRGINIA Practical-
ly destroyed stand of corn in two 5-acre fields in Augusta County. (Wood-

side, Morse, Morris).

DATE MITE (Oligonychus pratensis) - TEXAS - Medium to heavy wide-
spread on corn in Uvalde and Zavala Counties. (Richardson).

LESSER CORNSTALK BORER (Elasmopalpus lignosellus) SOUTH CARO-
LINA - Damaging corn and beans at Spartanburg. (Smith). MISSISSIPPI-
Destroyed half of stand on 6-8 acres of corn in Jackson County. (Bond).
GEORGIA - Light on corn and peanuts in Cook County. (McGill).

SLUGS - PENNSYLVANIA - Heavy damage to corn in Montour County.
(Gesell).

SUGARCANE BORER (Diatraea saccharalis) - LOUISIANA - Deadhearts
in sugarcane averaged 133, 33 and 63 in 3 parishes. Second generation
expected soon. (Oliver).

SEED-CORN MAGGOT (Hylemya cilicrura) - MINNESOT'A - Damaging
Sweet corn plantings seriously in south central district. (Minn. Ins. Rept.
Serv.). WISCONSIN - Found in 86 percent of fields between Dane and
aie Counties; 6.7 percent infestation in infested fields. (Wis. Ins.
Bul. }.

WIREWORMS - WISCONSIN - Wheat wireworm (Agriotes mancus) unusual-
ly large populations damaging small grain in some areas Of Taylor and
Wood Counties. (Wis. Ins. Bul.). MARYLAND - Two percent of plants
killed in 30 acres of corn in Wicomico County. (U. Md., Ent. Dept.).

EUROPEAN CHAFER (Amphimallon majalis) - NEW YORK - Pupae first
found this season June 4; two weeks later than for past three years.
Beetle flight will be considerably delayed in western New York. (Tashiro).

MORMON CRICKET (Anabrus Simplex) - NEVADA - Adults in Eureka
County. (Del Curto, June 2).

A SAWFLY (Dolerus sp.) - OREGON - Sawfly reported on fescue in CEIR
eee identified by B. D. Burks as Dolerus sp., prob. D. collaris.
Larson). ea

CLOVER LEAF WEEVIL (Hypera punctata) - KANSAS - Seriously damag-
ing alfalfa in a few local areas of Franklin and Linn Counties; 5 to 20

adults per square foot some fields. (Matthew).

- 042 -

Armyworms as Reported Week Ending 6/8 nS,
‘

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Numbers = Moths trapped

@ Moths appearing

vc. General areas of larval infestations
* wo traps at Stoneville, Miss. ; three at Tallulah La.

ARMYWORM (Pseudaletia unipuncta) - SOUTH CAROLINA - Has not
caused damage this season. (Nettles). INDIANA - Moderate to severe in-
jury in areas of Knox County; larvae up to 3/4 grown. About 2, 000 acres
Sprayed in Gibson County. (Hamilton). ARIZONA - Outbreak in Bermuda
grass seed fields at Yuma, June l. Det. F. Werner. (Ariz. Coop. Rept. ).
VIRGINIA - Injury to corn, small grains and alfalfa in southeastern area.
Many growers applying insecticides. (Brubaker, Greenwood, Hofmaster).
DELAWARE - Injuring corn in many scattered locations. Moderate to
heavy damage advanced cereal fields some areas. (Milliron).
NORTH DAKOTA - Adults continue to appear at Fargo but no larvae. (N.

D. Ins. Rept. Serv. ).

ARMYWORMS - ILLINOIS - Per linear foot in small grain:.. 67 in west-
southwest, .95 in east-southeast, 2.17 in southwest, and . 20d in southeast. |
Per 100 sweeps of 15-inch net in grass: 25 in northwest, 15.2 in north-
east, 6.0 in central and 7.0 in east. Heaviest moth flight of season. (Tl.
Ins. Rept.). MARYLAND - Treatment planned in some grain fields in
Dorchester and Caroline Counties. (U. Md., Ent. Dept.).

FALL ARMY WORM (Laphygma frugiperda) - LOUISIANA - Infesting
pasture in East Baton Rouge Parish. (Oliver).

A LEAFROLLER (Platynota stultana) - ARIZONA - Building up in some
alfalfa on Yuma Mesa, May 31. May be serious later. (Ariz. Coop. Rept. ).

GREEN CLOVERWORM (Plathypena scabra) - VIRGINIA - About 1 per sweep
in alfalfa in Pulaski and Rockbridge Counties. (Morris).

- 043 -

ALFALFA WEEVIL (Hypera postica) - NEW JERSEY - New-generation
adults in southern area. Heavy larval damage continues in southern area
and slight damage as far north as New Brunswick even in sprayed fields.
Light damage to vetch in Burlington and Cape May Counties. (Ins. -Dis.
News. ). DELAWARE - Adults and larvae attacking new growth from
Glasgow southward, severe in Smyrna area. (Milliron). PENNSYL-
VANIA - Peak of larval injury not reached in southeast area. (Menusan).
All stages in Lancaster County. No leaves on some plants in some fields.
(Pepper). MARYLAND - Some damage to second-cutting alfalfa in Tal-
bot County, but generally second growth is free from weevil and damage
should be about over this year. (U. Md., Ent. Dept.). VIRGINIA -
Found in Augusta County for first time; Bedford, Campbell and Pittsyl-
vania infested last week; '70 counties now known infested. Damage con-
tinues in several counties: severe on clover and alfalfa in Goochland
County, heavy some alfalfa in Charlotte County, severe damage after
first cutting in Accomac County, considerable adult damage to Ladino
clover in Caroline County. (Morris, Rowell et al.). SOUTH DAKOTA -
Found in Bennett County for first time; 3 larvae per 50 sweeps and occa-
sional adult. (Hantsbarger). NEBRASKA - Larvae averaging 15 per 10
sweeps in 6 western counties. Five larvae per 10 sweeps in Grant and
Hooker Counties. Some damage. (Andersen). NORTH DAKOTA- Very
light infestations in infested southwestern counties. (N. D. Ins. Rept.).
NEVADA - Severe damage to fields treated too late for adults and in un-
treated fields in Churchill and Washoe Counties. First adult emergence
May 29, Washoe County. (Gallaway). CALIFORNIA - Light in alfalfa in
eastern Shasta County; first record for county. (Cal. Coop. Rept. ).
UTAH - Damage becoming more noticeable in many counties. (Knowlton).

LESSER CLOVER LEAF WEEVIL (Hypera nigrirostris) - ILLINOIS -
Adults emerging in northern half of State where larvae infesting about 60
percent of red clover stems. (Ill. Ins. Rept.). PENNSYLVANIA - Tops
of red clover killed in many fields in Lancaster County; larvae mature.
(Pepper).

PEA APHID (Macrosiphum pisi) - NEVADA - Numerous to economic in
most alfalfa fields in western area. (Gallaway, June 2). COLORADO -
Damaging numbers continue in alfalfa in Weld, Larimer, Boulder, Adams
and Montrose Counties. (Exp. Sta.). OKLAHOMA - Common in eastern
area alfalfa; numerous as spotted alfalfa aphid in some fields. (Coppock).
NEBRASKA - Ten to 34 per 10 sweeps in panhandle area. (Andersen).
MINNESOTA - Remains low. (Minn. Ins. Rept. Serv.). ILLINOIS - Per
100 sweeps: northwest 2,850, northeast 15, 800, central 9,000, east

-60, 000, southwest 1,900 and southeast 100. Approximately one-fourth of
aphids in central area diseased. (Ill. Ins. Rept.). PENNSYLVANIA -
Heavy in clover and alfalfa in Lancaster County but hay ready for harvest.
(Pepper). MARYLAND - Thirty-five per sweep in alfalfa in Washington
County. (U. Md, Ent.‘ Dept.).

SPITTLEBUGS - PENNSYLVANIA - Adults in southeast. Heavy in
northern counties of this region. (Menusan).

- 044 -

SPOTTED ALFALFA APHID - NEW MEXICO - Medium to heavy in un-
treated fields in Eddy and Dona Ana Counties. Very light infestations in
San Juan County. Predators numerous in untreated fields but probably
not keeping aphid below damaging levels. (Durkin June’ 2)) UAE —
General in Grand County alfalfa with moderate damage some fields.
(Knowlton). TEXAS - Heavy on alfalfa in Donley, Lamb, Swisher, Floyd,
Dickens, Wichita, Hockley, Armstrong, Randall, Crosby, Lubbock
Counties. Light in Parker County. (Chada). KANSAS - Found in nearly
all fields in Wabaunsee, Riley, Pottawatomie, Morris, Geary, Dickinson,
Harvey and Sedgwick Counties but no populations of economic importance,
0 to 23 per sweep. (Matthew). OKLAHOMA - Continuing low in eastern
area, except increasing in some Arkansas River bottom fields. (Coppock).
Increasing in Payne County. (Fenton).

POTATO LEAFHOPPER (Empoasca fabae) - SOUTH DAKOTA - Increasing
on alfalfa; 24 per 100 sweeps in one field in Brookings County. (Hants-
barger). ILLINOIS- Adults per 100 sweeps: northwest 43, northeast 56,
central 215, east 175, southwest 25, southeast 70. Ten nymphs per 100
sweeps in central area. (Ill. Ins. Rept.). MICHIGAN - Collected at

East Lansing May 30. (Hutson). OKLAHOMA - Increasing in alfalfa in
Payne County, 60 per 100 sweeps. (Fenton)* MARYLAND - Adults on
alfalfa in Frederick County May 29. Det. D. Young. (U. Md., Ent.

Dept. ). DELAWARE - Small numbers in alfalfa. (Milliron).

MEADOW SPITTLEBUG (Philaenus leucophthalmus) - VIRGINIA - About
12 per sweep in one alfalfa field in Rockbridge County, 2 per sweep in

one field in Pulaski County. (Morris). DELAWARE - First adult at
Smyrna, June 4. (Milliron). RHODE ISLAND - Becoming active in alfalfa
in Kingston area; 1 to 3 masses per 15 plants. (Steve). ILLINOIS - First
adults in central and eastern areas. Nymphs per 100 stems of clover and
alfalfa ranged from 0 to 64. (Ill. Ins. Rept. ).

PLANT BUGS - ILLINOIS - Nymphs of Lygus lineolaris, Adelphocoris
lineolatus and_A. rapidus average 3795 per 100 Sweeps in northwest area
and 240 in central. (Il. Ins. Rept.). NEBRASKA - Average of 40 A.
lineolatus nymphs per 10 sweeps in Platte Valley and panhandle areas.

(Andersen).

LYGUS BUGS - WASHINGTON - From 15 to 30 nymphs per 25 sweeps in
birdsfoot trefoil at Pullman. (Johansen). UTAH - Very abundant in
Grand County alfalfa. (Knowlton). SOUTH DAKOTA - Increasing in alfal-
fa; up to 92 nymphs and 11 adults per 50 sweeps. (Hantsbarger).
NEBRASKA - Fifty-five nymphs per 10 sweeps in alfalfa in Platte Valley
and panhandle areas. (Andersen) ILLINOIS -_Lygus lineolaris adults in
ane Geers ranged from 24 to 110 per 100 sweeps of 15-inch net.

a Iba RMS} OS |)

CLOVER MITE (Bryobia praetiosa) - NEVADA Some damage to alfalfa
in Churchill County. (York, June 2). SOUTH DAKOTA - Numerous on
alfalfa west of Missouri River. (Hantsbarger).

*Adults per 100 sweeps in legumes: Muskogee County 0-30, Okmulgee
120. (Coppock).

- 545 -

CUTWORMS - DELAWARE -_Peridroma margaritosa prevalent in alfalfa
at Smyrna. Damaging corn at Milton. Agrotis ypsilon injuring corn near
Milton. (Milliron). MARYLAND - Variegated cutworm causing moderate
damage to alfalfa in Dorchester County and unidentified species moderately
’ damaging corn in Montgomery County. (U. Md., Ent. Dept.). GEORGIA -
Moderate on peanuts in Tattnall and Candler Counties. (Johnson).
MISSOURI - Damage to corn common over most of northern half of State.
Light in many fields, heavy infew. Damage mostly by A. ypsilon. (Kyd,
Thomas). NEBRASKA - Approximately 150,000 acres sprayed for_A.
orthogonia in Cheyenne County. Prepupae in margins of wheat fields
range from 4 to 15 per linear foot. Distribution extends into Scotts Bluff
and Box Butte Counties. (Andersen). Severe infestations of Euxoa detersa
in sandy corn fields in northeast area. Some entire fields destroyed.
(Roselle). SOUTH DAKOTA - Six P. margaritosa larvae per 50 sweeps

in alfalfa in Bennett County. (Hantsbarger). UTAH - Damaging spring
grains and alfalfa in Wayne County; damage spotted elsewhere. (Rogers,
Knowlton).

GARDEN WEBWORM (Loxostege similalis) - ARIZONA - Very noticeable
in a few alfalfa fields on Yuma Mesa, May 31. (Ariz. Coop. Rept. ).

BEAN LEAF BEETLE (Cerotoma trifurcata) - ILLINOIS - Increased on
soybeans; from .75 to 6.6 per 6 feet of row. (Ill. Ins. Rept.). LOUISI-
ANA - Twenty per 100 sweeps in soybeans in Assumption Parish.

(Oliver). MARYLAND - General on soybeans and garden beans on Eastern
Shore. (Ue Mata ebint: Dept. :):

BLISTER BEETLES - MISSOURI - Appearing in large numbers in alfalfa
and other crops. (Kyd, Thomas).

THREE-CORNERED ALFALFA HOPPER (Spissistilus festinus) - UTAH -
Abundant in some areas of Washington County. (Knowlton).

THRIPS - OKLAHOMA - Frankliniella occidentalis very numerous on alfal-
fa in Stillwater area. (Fenton). GEORGIA - Moderate on peanuts in Tatt-
nall and Candler Counties. (Johnson).

FRUIT INSECTS

PEAR PSYLLA (Psylla pyricola) - CALIFORNIA - Found first time in
Sonoma County at Healdsburg on June 1. Light infestations appearing for
first time in commercial pear orchards in Scott Valley, Lakeport and
Upper Lake vicinities of Lake County. (Cal. Coop. Rept.). OREGON -
Young second-brood nymphs beginning to appear on under sides of pear
leaves in Jackson County, June 5. (Capizzi).

ORIENTAL FRUIT MOTH (Grapholitha molesta) - MARYLAND - Damage
to peaches conspicuous in Prince Georges County. (U. Md., Ent. Dept. ).

- 546 -

CODLING MOTH (Carpocaps omonella) - OREGON - First larvae en-
tered unsprayed pear fruits about June 2 in Jackson County. (Capizzi).
MINNESOTA - Adults and egg masses found in LaCrescent area during
week of June 3. (Minn. Ins. Rept. Serv.). ILLINOIS - Ninety percent of
moths emerged in Carbondale area. Weather unfavorable; moth entrances
variable. (Chandler). MICHIGAN - Fifty percent pupated at Grand Rapids.
(Hutson). OHIO - Peak emergence May 30. Temperatures favorable for
oviposition June 6 and 7. (Cutright). INDIANA - Bait trap catches and
emergence extremely light in Vincennes area. Weather unfavorable for
moth activity. (Hamilton). Could give consideranle trouble in early fall
in Orleans area if corrective measures not applied. (Marshall). PENN-
SYLVANIA - Emergence slow in Adams County. (Asquith). Fifty percent
emerged in Snyder County. (Gesell). MARYLAND - Eggs laid at Hancock.
(U. Md., Ent. Dept.). DELAWARE - Emergence at least 50 percent.
(Stearns). NEW JERSEY - Build-up of moth activity. First entry in Bur-
lington County June 4, normally about May 25-30. (Ins. -Dis. News. ).
WEST VIRGINIA - First entries in apple Jefferson and Berkeley Counties.
(Hamstead).

GREEN PEACH APHID (Myzus persicae) - NEW MEXICO - Infestations
medium on peach trees in San Miguel and Mora Counties. (Durkin, June 2).
COLORADO - Building up rapidly on summer hosts in Larimer County.
(Exp. Sta. ).

WOOLLY APPLE APHID (Eriosoma lanigerum) - ARIZONA - Large num-
bers on apple trees at Cactus, Graham County. (Ariz. Coop. Rept. ).

AMERICAN PLUM BORER (Euzophera semifuneralis) - DELAWARE -
Destructive to apple at Bridgeville. (Stearns).

UNSPOTTED TENTIFORM LEAF MINER (Callisto geminatella) - DELA-
WARE - More than 50 percent pupating. (Kelsey).

A LEAF MINER (Lithocolletis sp.) - OREGON - Mines abundant in some
apple orchards and hawthorn in Jackson County. Many pupae. (Gentner).

SAN JOSE SCALE Uspidiows erniciosus) - GEORGIA - Marks on peaches
in packing sheds much more prevalent than usual. (Snapp, June 1).

RED-BANDED LEAF ROLLER (Argyrotaenia velutinana) - ILLINOIS -
Moths emerging in Carbondale area. andler). OHIO - Larvae feeding
on foliage fairly common. (Cutright). MICHIGAN - Hatched in orchards
about Paw Paw. (Hutson). MISSOURI - Infestation heavy.enough to warrant
preparation for intensive controls for next brood in northwest area. Larvae
mostly full-grown. (Wkly. Rpt. Fr. Grs.).

PLUM CURCULIO (Conotrachelus nenuphar) - ILLINOIS - Between first
and second broods in Carbondale area. andler). OHIO - Less abundant
on peaches than in 1955. First eggs deposited about June 4. (Rings).
First injuries on apple May 31 at Wooster. Now fairly common. (Cut-
right). WISCONSIN - Normal numbers in unsprayed orchards. Almost none ~

- 547 -

where control practised. (Wis. Ins. Bul.). MISSOURI - Activity some-
what more intense than preceding years in northwest area. (Wkly. Rept.
Fr. Grs.). MARYLAND - Damage to plum in Prince Georges County
conspicuous. (U. Md., Ent. Dept.). NEW JERSEY - Activity in peaches
essentially over in south and rapidly diminishing in north. (Ins. -Dis.
News. ). MASSACHUSETTS - Adults forty-five percent less than expected
at Waltham. Considerable injury in unprotected orchards. (Crop Pest
Cont. Mess. ).

PEAR LEAF BLISTER MITE (Eriophyes pyri) - OREGON - Severe foliage
injury to orchards in Hood River not protected by dormant sprays. (El-
lertson):

PEACH SILVER MITE (Vasates cornutus) - WASHINGTON - Increasing
and damaging peaches in some orchards in Yakima Valley. (Luce).

SPIDER MITES - PENNSYLVANIA - Building rapidly on apple in Adams
County. (Asquith).

TWO-SPOTTED SPIDER MITE (Tetranychus telarius) - OREGON - Popu-
lations beginning to increase in some pear orchards in Jackson County.
(Capizz i).

EUROPEAN RED MITE (Metatetranychus ulmi) - NEW JERSEY - Mostly
eggs and nymphs in south; adults innorth. (Ins.-Dis. News.). MINNE-
SOTA - Few found. (Minn. Ins. Rept. Serv.). MICHIGAN - Adults be-
ginning to appear in plum orchards about Paw Paw. (Hutson).

WALNUT CATERPILLAR (Datana integerrima) - MISSISSIPPI - Appearing
on pecan trees in Harrison County. (McGehee).

PECAN NUT CASEBEARER (Acrobasis caryae) - GEORGIA - Larvae in-
juring pecan nuts in Mitchell County. (Snapp, June 1). OKLAHOMA -
Percent of clusters containing eggs ranged from 0 to 13.5 in 5 counties.
(Coppock).

FALL WEBWORM (Hyphantria cunea) - LOUISIANA - Heavily infesting
plum, persimmon and pecan trees over southern half of State. Unusually
early for heavy infestations. (Oliver). MISSISSIPPI - Appeared on pecan
and wild persimmon trees in Harrison and other coast counties about
May 25. Webs noticeable by June 1. (McGehee).

A LEAF ROLLER (Archips rosana) - OREGON - Causing general damage
in orchards throughout Willamette Valley. High percent of pupae, but no
adults observed by June 7. (Ritcher).

WESTERN GRAPE LEAF SKELETONIZER (Harrisina brillians) - ARIZO-
NA - Numbers of adults laying eggs on grape leaves in Graham County.
(Ariz. Coop. Rept. ).

THRIPS - ARIZONA - Damage to new growth on citrus noticeable in some
groves at Yuma on May 31. Treatment now general. (Ariz. Coop. Rept. ).

aves

CITRUS RUST MITE (Phyllocoptruta oleivora) - FLORIDA - Activity in-
creased and expected to continue. Infestations expected to build up earlier
than in recent years. (Pratt, Thompson, Johnson).

PURPLE SCALE (Lepidosaphes beckii) - FLORIDA - Activity increased.
Trend expected to continue until early July. (Pratt, Thompson, J ohnson).

MEXICAN FRUIT FLY (Anastrepha ludens) - CALIFORNIA - A female
trapped in San Ysidro, San Diego County on June 6.) (abhis/ is Secondsny
captured in locality in 1956 and third captured in California. All taken
within 1.25 miles of Mexican border at Tijuana. (Cal. Coop. Rept. ).

FLORIDA RED SCALE (Chrysomphalus aonidum) - FLORIDA - Activity at
high level. Expected to increase further until peak reached late June.

(Pratt, Thompson, Johnson).

CATFACING INSECTS - ARIZONA - Stink bug nymphs severely infesting
peach on experimental plantings at Mesa, Maricopa County, May 31. Hour
to six nymphs per peach. (Ariz. Coop. Rept.). MARYLAND -Some Cat-
facing of peaches in neglected orchards. (U. Md., Ent. Dept.). OHIO -
First-generation eggs of stink bugs hatching at Wooster; Euschistus
tristigmus particularly abundant in Wooster area. The plant bug, Neolygus
omnivagus, maturing and entering peach orchards in northern area. (Rings).
ALABAMA - Leptoglossus phyllopus causing severe damage to peaches.
Large numbers of Nezara viridula on peaches and garden crops in southern
area. (Ruffin).

MEDITERRANEAN FRUIT FLY (Ceratitis capitata) - FLORIDA - Recent
extensions of infestations, reported between June 1-12, include Ft. Ogden,
De Soto County; Cleveland, Charlotte County; Bradenton, Manatee County;
Melbourne, Brevard County; and Wabasso, Indian River County. (P. P. C.)

- 549 -

_ TRUCK CROP INSECTS

CABBAGE MAGGOT (Hylemya brassicae) - OREGON - Fairly numerous
in broccoli seed beds in Gresham and Sauvies Island areas, June l.
(Hanna). PENNSYLVANIA - Serious damage to cabbage in York County.
(Pepper). MASSACHUSETTS - First eggs at Waltham May 13. Breaks
previous record for late appearance. (Whitcomb). WISCONSIN - Adults
laying eggs on cabbage in Kenosha County. About twelve eggs per plant.
(Was.( Ins: Bul.)

CABBAGE LOOPER (Trichoplusia ni) - OKLAHOMA - Damaged approxi-
mately ten percent of cabbage heads in two fields in Tulsa and Muskogee
Counties. (Coppock).

IMPORTED CABBAGEWORM (Pieris rapae) - NEW JERSEY - Heavy
adult appearance expected. (Ins. -Dis. News. ).

CABBAGE APHID (Brevicoryne brassicae) - PENNSYLVANIA - Heavy in-
festation on early southern plants in Bucks County. (Menusan).

BEET WEBWORM (Loxostege sticticalis) - COLORADO - Heavy flights
May 31 in Fort Collins and Greeley; 791 and 2500 trapped respectively.
Egg deposition underway in Larimer County. (Exp. Sta.). NEBRASKA -
Averaged 10 adults per square yard. Distribution from North Platte
westward to Kimball and northward to Alliance in Box Butte County.
(Andersen).

CUTWORMS - UTAH - Seriously reduced sugar beet stands in large acre-
age in Carbon County. (Knowlton).

BEET LEAFHOPPER (Circulifer tenellus) - NEVADA - Three per 35
square feet on sugar beets in Churchill County. (Gallaway). WASHING -
TON - Adults appearing in sugar beet fields May 26 in Benton County.
(Kamal, Klostermeyer).

SPINACH LEAF MINER (Pegomya hyoscyami) - COLORADO - Infestations
in commercial plantings of Spinach in Fremont County. (Ext. Serv. ).

HARLEQUIN BUG (Murgantia histrionica) - DELAWARE - Adults on kale
at Ellendale. (Milliron)

BLISTER BEETLES - SOUTH CAROLINA - Unusually heavy damage to
tomatoes in Ridgeland. (Tate). FLORIDA - Adults of Epicauta sp.
averaging 25 per plant on field-planted tomatoes in Duval County. (May-
eux). TEXAS - Very heavy in some localities of Palo Pinto County.
(Lindsey). NEW MEXICO - Adults of Epicauta maculata causing severe
damage to tomatoes in Lea County. (Durkin, June 2).

BEAN LEAF BEETLE (Cerotoma trifurcata) - VIRGINIA - Adults worse
in Chesterfield County area than in past several years. (Matheny).

- 550 -

SEED-CORN MAGGOT (Hylemya cilicrura) - DELAWARE - Considerable
loss of lima beans at Newark. (Milliron).

PEA APHID Mae resi alii pisi) - VIRGINIA - Light in localized area of
Chester, Chesterfield County. Less damage present than in past 9 years
in locality. Syrphid fly larvae numerous earlier. Lady beetles scarce.
(eecue Built up to high population on garden*peas on Eastern Shore
before harvest. (Brubaker, Greenwood, Hofmaster), DELAWARE - Light
to moderately. abundant on terminal growth in most commercial pea fields
throughout the State, regardless of treatment. (Milliron). UTAH - Gener-
ally moderately abundant on canning peas. Occasional damage. (Knowl-
ton). WISCONSIN - Not generally distributed on peas. Present in groups
or colonies indicating relatively recent infestations and population in-
creases. Counts ranged from less than 1 to 6.4 per sweep in six counties
surveyed. (Wis. Ins. Bul.).

MEXICAN BEAN BEETLE (Epilachna varivestis) - PENNSYLVANIA -
Adults plentiful, feeding injury on beans serious in York County. (Pepper).
Common, just beginning to lay eggs in Northampton County. (Menusan).
GEORGIA - Heavy infestation on lima beans in Harris County. (Jordan).
DELAWARE - Increased on lima beans north of Georgetown. (Milliron).

ONION MAGGOT (Hylemya antiqua) - IOWA - Severe and warranting treat-
ment in commercial plantings. (Harris). IDAHO - Extremely numerous
in Ada County. (Roberts, Portman).

SQUASH BUG (Anasa tristis) - SOUTH CAROLINA - Unusally abundant on
watermelons this season in Chesterfield, June 2. (Willis), GEORGIA -
Heavy infestation on cantaloups in Madison County. (Johnson).

STRIPED CUCUMBER BEETLE (Acalymma vittata) - SOUTH DAKOTA -
Numerous in Brookings area upon squash, melons and cucumbers.
(Hantsbarger). WISCONSIN - Egg-laying underway. (Wis. Ins. Bul.). |
MARYLAND - Abundant on cantaloups, squash and cucumber in Salisbury
area and troublesome on cucumbers in Calvert County. (U. Md., Ent.
Dept. ). RHODE ISLAND - First adults observed on melon plants in Kings-
ton area. (Steve). DELAWARE - Remains problem on untreated cucurbits
in Kent and Sussex Counties. (Milliron).

A LEAF MINER (Liriomyza sp.) - ARIZONA - More abundant at Yuma May
31-on cantaloup than at any time this year. Parasite count is up in most
fields. (Ariz. Coop. Rept.). NEW MEXICO - Damage medium to heavy
on beans, tomatoes, cucumbers and melons in Dona Ana County,

(Durkin, June 2).

CUCUMBER BEETLES - VIRGINIA - Adult damage is severe in commercial
cantaloup planting in King William County. (Matheny).

TORTOISE BEETLES - MARYLAND - Adults of Metriona bicolor and
Agroiconota bivittata are doing light to moderate damage to sweetpotato

= Beil 6

foliage in Wicomico County. (U. Md., Ent. Dept. ).

TUBER FLEA BEETLE (Epitrix tuberis) - NEBRASKA - Averaging 10 per
10 sweeps on early potatoes and cull piles in Gering and Scottsbluff areas.
(Andersen).

TOMATO RUSSET MITE (Vasates lycopersici) - GEORGIA - Injuring to-
matoes in home garden in Dougherty County. (Osburn, June 1),

TOMATO FRUITWORM (Heliothis zea) - ARIZONA - Found in sufficient
numbers in two tomate fields at Yuma to require treatment. (Ariz.
Coop. Rept. ).

TARNISHED PLANT BUG (Lygus lineolaris) - DELAWARE - Abundant on
potatoes from Smyrna southward. (Milliron).

LEAFHOPPERS (Empoasca sp.) - NEW MEXICOQ - Causing light to medi-
um damage to tomatoes and melons in Dona Ana County. (Durkin, June 2).

POTATO PSYLLID (Paratrioza cockerelli) - COLORADO - Adults average
140 per 100 sweeps on matrimonyvine in Larimer County. Egg deposition
3 per leaf. (Exp. Sta.). NEBRASKA - Few nymphs appearing on early
potatoes and potato cull piles in Scotts Bluff and Gering areas. (Andersen).

POTATO LEAF HOPPER (Empoasca fabae) - PENNSYLVANIA - A few
adults on potatoes in Northampton and Lancaster Counties. (Menusan,
Pepper). NEW YORK - None observed. (Gyrisco).

POTATO FLEA BEETLE (Epitrix cucumeris) - SOUTH DAKOTA - Very
abundant in Brookings area on potatoes and tomatoes. (Hantsbarger).
WISCONSIN - Damaging tomato transplants in Dane County, June 1.

(Wis. Ins. Bul.). DELAWARE - Feeding on potatoes generally. (Mill-
iron). RHODE ISLAND - Considerable damage on young potato and tomato
plants. (Steve).

POTATO APHID (Macrosiphum solanifolii) - DELAWARE - Severe on to-
matoes most locations from Smyrna southward; increasing on potatoes.
(Milliron). MARYLAND - Moderate numbers on tomatoes, Wicomico
County. (U. Md., Ent. Dept. ).

FLEA BEETLES - PENNSYLVANIA - Severe damage to truck crops in
Northampton and Schuylkill Counties. (Menusan). Noticeable damage to
truck crops in southwestern area. (Udine). MARYLAND - Tortoise

beetles and flea beetles numerous and damaging Sweet potato foliage in
sections of lower Eastern Shore. (U. Md., Ent. Dept.). NORTH DAKOTA-
Adults causing noticeable damage to vegetables in Fargo area. (N. D. Ins.
Rept. Serv. ).

COLORADO POTATO BEETLE (Leptinotarsa decemlineata) - VIRGINIA -
Larvae much heavier than usual in Chesterfield County. (Matheny).

- 552 -

Causing noticeable injury to Irish potatoes on Eastern Shore where control
not used. (Brubaker, Greenwood, Hofmaster), DELAWARE - Destruc-
tive on untreated tomatoes generally. Required control on potatoes in
Sussex County. (Milliron), MARYLAND - Abundant on untreated potatoes
and tomatoes on lower shore. Showing up in Prince Georges County.

(U. Md., Ent. Dept.). WASHINGTON - Adults becoming active on night-
shade at Pullman. (Johansen). IDAHO - Heaviest in last several years
in southwestern area. Severe injury developing in untreated fields in
Owyhee and Canyon Counties. (Portman, Bechtolt, Johnson).

BEET ARMYWORM (Laphyqma exiqua) - ARIZONA - Severe enough on
Sone beans in 80 acres at Scottsdale to treat, May 28. (Ariz. Coop.
Rept. ).

SLUGS - IOWA - Damaging strawberries in some areas. Slugs about half
grown. (Harris).

STRAWBERRY LEAF ROLLER (Ancylis comptana fragariae) - MISSOURI-
Heavy in all parts of State. (Wkly. Rept. Fr. Grs.). IOWA - Just be-
coming evident. (Harris). :

STRAWBERRY WHITEFLY (Trialeurodes packardi) - INDIANA - Rendered
large patch of strawberries worthless in Orleans area first part of May.
(Marshall).

MEADOW SPITTLEBUG (Philaenus leucophthalmus) - WISCONSIN - Nymphs
averaged about 4 per ten strawberry plants in Kenosha and Dane Counties,
June 1. Nymphs heavy on spinach in Jefferson County. (Wis. Ins. Bul. ).

TOBACCO INSECTS

HORNWORMS Eu loaes spp. ). -NORTH CAROLINA - First eggs of
season in Granville County, June 6. (Chamberlin). VIRGINIA - Eggs found
on newly-set tobacco in Pittsylvania County. First record of season.

Large number of adults trapped might indicate trouble. Records from three
traps for the week ending June 2 were Protoparce sexta 23, and P. quinque-
maculata 327. (Dominick).

TOBACCO BUDWORM (Heliothis virescens) - GEORGIA - Moderate to
heavy on tobacco in Tattnall, Candler and Emanuel Counties. (Johnson).

GREEN PEACH APHID (Myzus persicae) - NORTH CAROLINA - Occasion-
al light spetted infestations on tobacco in Granville County. (Chamberlin).
VIRGINIA - Infestations are light and spotty in Pittsylvania County. (Domi-
nick). GEORGIA - Moderate to heavy on tobacco in Tattnall and Candler
Counties. (Johnson).

STINK BUGS - GEORGIA - Nezara viridula and Euschistus servus moder-
ate on tobacco in Tattnall County. (Johnson).

- 503 -

TOBACCO FLEA BEETLE (Epitrix hirtipennis) - NORTH CAROLINA -
Generally heavy this year in Nash County. (Taylor). VIRGINIA - Infesta-
tions range from light to heavy on newly set tobacco in Pittsylvania County.
(Dominick). Heavily damaging leaves of tobacco transplants in a Halifax
County field. Larvae and or wireworms are damaging stems of tobacco
transplants in a field in Halifax County. (Rowell, Witcher). MARYLAND -
Generally abundant on plants in beds in southern area. Some heavy dam-
age. Also infesting plants in field in Calvert and Prince Georges Counties.
(U. Md., Ent. Dept. ).

VEGETABLE WEEVIL (Listroderes costirostris obliquus) - MARYLAND -
Light to heavy larval damage to tobacco plants in beds in Calvert County.
Also noted on 10 farms in this county. Increasing as a pest of plants in
beds in State. (U. Md., Ent. Dept. ).

CABBAGE LOOPER (Trichoplusia ni) - NORTH CAROLINA - Attacking to-
bacco on two farms in Columbus County. (Raper, Rabb).

SERRE RR RK

Corrections: CEIR 6(2):13,20. The note on the BOSTRICHID (Sinoxylon
ceratoniae) Should be revised as follows: CALIFORNIA - Specimens taken
May 25, 1955 from movie prop equipment made in Egypt of native wood
and stored at Paramount Studio, Hollywood were determined as this
species. In late May, 1955 all the equipment was fumigated. Subsequent
inspections have failed to show any live insects. (Wilcomb). In view of
this information the report of S. ceratoniae in California should not be re-
garded as an established infestation.

- 554 -

COTTON INSECTS ©

BOLL WEEVIL (Anthonomus grandis) - NORTH CAROLINA - Numerous

in lower Piedmont but not as abundant in counties more to east. Very

few in Raleigh, Winton and Goldsboro areas. (Cott. News Lett., June 1).
SOUTH CAROLINA - Average infestation in treated fields, 8 percent; un-
treated fields, 19 percent. (Cott. Lett.).. Survival in cages to June 8 at
Florence was,6.7 percent compared with 4.3 at same date in 1955. Rains
causing considerable increase in number of weevils appearing in fields in
Florence area. (Walker et al.). GEORGIA - Light on cotton in Madison
County, moderate in Hart and Elbert, heavy in Tattnall, Candler, Eman-
uel, Laurens, Washington and Hancock Counties. (Johnson). ALABAMA -
Of 17 fields examined in 6 east central counties, 13 found infested at rate
of 192 weevils per acre for infested fields. (Tyus), TENNESSEE - Feed-
ing signs showing up in southwestern counties but little damage to terminal
growth. (Locke). MISSISSIPPI - Found in most fields in delta counties
with some spots having above 1, 000 weevils per acre, but majority of
acreage still relatively free. (Merkl, Furr et al.). LOUISIANA - Found
in 39 of 44 fields examined in Tallulah area at rate of 420 weevils per

acre for all fields. This compares with 222 for same week in 1955 and
419 in 1954. Percent survival in cages to June 8 was 1. 34 compared with
1.2 to same date in 1955 and 3.4 in 1954. (Gaines, Pfrimmer et al. ).
OKLAHOMA - Eight per hundred feet of row in one field in Choctaw County.
Also appearing in fields in LeFlore County. (Stiles). TEXAS - Survival
in cages at Waco to June 8 was .06, to same date in 1955, 9.1. Average
of 36 weevils per acre in 13 untreated fields and 5 per acre in 10 treated
fields in McLennan and Falls Counties. (Parencia etal.). Local heavy
infestations continue to build up in untreated cotton in lower Rio Grande
Valley. (Deer). Light infestations as far north as upper coastal area.
(Fuller, Martin).

BOLLWORMS (Heliothis spp. et al.) - SOUTH CAROLINA - Total of 142
H. zea moths taken in light trap at Florence compared with 112 for previ-
ous week. Totals for H. virescens were 52 andl. (Walker etal.).
MISSISSIPPI - Eggs and larvae in many fields in delta counties. Controls
in some fruiting fields. Early appearance of damaging numbers very un-
usual. (Merkl, Furr et al.). LOUISIANA - Moths in many fields in Tal-
lulah area. In experimental cotton 7.4 eggs and 1.1 larvae per 100 ter-
minals. (Gaines, Pfrimmer etal.). TEXAS - Moderate to heavy damage
in lower Rio Grande Valley. (Deer). Occasional egg in Waco area. (Par-
encia etal.). Infestations light over most of State except lower valley.
(Martin, Fuller). ALABAMA - Adults of H. zea in a great many fields.
Eggs varied from 10 to 100 per 100 feet of row. Terminals in 100 feet
ee acne Half-grown larvae of H. virescens from few fields.

in).

CE ARSHOP PIERS - OKLAHOMA - Threat to cotton in some sections.
tiles).

LYGUS BUGS - ARIZONA - Beginning to build up in stub cotton fields in
Maricopa County. (Ariz. Coop. Rept. ).

- 000 -

PINK BOLI.WORM (Pectinophora gossypiella) - TEXAS - In lower Rio
Grande Valley and coastal bend counties significant decrease in infesta-
tions in blooms compared with last year. In the four valley counties pink
bollworm was found at rate of 11 per 100, 000 blooms in 1956 compared
with 32 per 100, 000 in 1955. In coastal bend counties counts were 159

in 1955 and 27 in 1956. In Laredo section (Webb and Zapate. Counties) the
situation is opposite. The figure for 1956 is 460 compared with 36 last
year. (PBW-.Cont. Proj. ).

APHIDS - GEORGIA -_Aphis gossypii light to moderate on cotton in Tatt-
nall and Candler Counties. (Johnson). NEW MEXICO -A. gossypii and_A.
medicaginis generally light and spotty in cotton in Eddy and Dona Ana
Counties. (Durkin, June 2). OKLAHOMA - Less than one per plant in Mc-
Intosh and Okmulgee Counties. (Coppock). NORTH CAROLINA - Have
built up in a few areas but lady beetles are numerous. (Cott. News Lett. ).
Two to 59 per 20 plants in Union County. (Spyhalski).

SPIDER MITES -SOUTH CAROLINA - Reported in Edgefield-Newberry-
Saluda area. (Nettles). TENNESSEE - Small numbers many fields. First
appearance of season. (Locke). ALABAMA - Of 17 fields examined in 6
east central counties, 7 were lightly infested. (Tyus). TEXAS - Continue
to increase in lower Rio Grande Valley. (Deer). NEW MEXICO - Very
light and spotty in Dona Ana and Eddy Counties. (Durkin, June 2). ARIZ-
ONA - Prevalent in Yuma area May 31 but Orius building up. Tetranychus
telarius moderate on 40 acres of cotton at Eloy, June 2. Large numbers
of predatory thrips. (Ariz. Coop. Rept. ).

THRIPS - NORTH CAROLINA - Fourteen to 200 per 20 plants on cotton in
Union County. (Spyhalski). SOUTH CAROLINA - Damaging cotton in
Piedmont counties. (Nettles). GEORGIA - Heavy in Hart and Elbert
Counties. (Johnson). ALABAMA - Light to medium damage in all fields
checked in 6 east central counties: (Tyus). TENNESSEE - Considerable
damage in west Tennessee. Infestations light to moderately heavy with
controls in more heavily infested fields. (Locke). LOUISIANA - Most
older fields out of injury stage in Tallulah area but some younger fields
receiving severe injury. (Gaines, Pfrimmer etal.). MISSISSIPPI -Found
in practically all fields in delta counties. Most older cotton past damage
stage but young untreated cotton has severe damage to leaves and terminals.
(Merkl, Furr etal.). TEXAS - Light in most areas where early-season
control complete, but heavy in some areas where controls underway. (Ful-
ler, Martin). Injury in many late-planted fields in McLennan and Falls
Counties. (Parencia et al.). NEW MEXICO - Frankliniella sp. and Thrips
tabaci damage in cotton light to heavy but general in Dona Ana and Eddy
Counties. (Durkin, June 2). ARIZONA - Damage light at Yuma and Eloy.
Thrips blasting squares in some fields in Pinal and Pima Counties, unusual
damage. (Ariz. Coop. Rept.).

A LEAF MINER (Liriomyza sp.) - NEW MEXICO - Damage light to medium
in cotton in Eddy and Dona Ana Counties. (Durkin, June 2).

- 556 -

FLEAHOPPERS - TEXAS - Psallus seriatus averaged 6.2 per 100 termin-
als in 13 untreated and 2.2 in 10 treated fields in McLennan and Falls
Counties. (Parencia etal.). Fleahoppers light in most areas where
early-season control completed, but heavy in some areas where controls
still in progress. (Martin, Fuller). TENNESSEE - Appearing in west
Tennessee. (Locke). ALABAMA -_P. seriatus in larger numbers than
usual in Butler, Conecuh, Baldwin and Escambia Counties. (Ruffin).

FLEA BEETLES - GEORGIA - Systena blanda moderate on cotton in Hart
and Elbert Counties. (Johnson). SOUTH CAROLINA - Damaging cotton
in Piedmont counties. (Nettles). TENNESSEE - Considerably heavier
than last week in west Tennessee. (Locke).

CABBAGE LOOPERS - TEXAS - "Ragging" cotton severely in some areas
of lower Rio Grande Valley. (Deer). ARIZONA - Increasing in many
areas. (Ariz. Coop. Rept. ).

CUTWORMS - GEORGIA - Heavy on cotton in Oconee County. (Jordan).

FOREST, ORNAMENTAL AND SHADE TREE INSECTS

PINE ENGRAVER (Ips pini) - PENNSYLVANIA - Very severe on dying
pines in Schuylkill County. (Menusan).

A TWIG MOTH (Petrova virginiana) - DELAWARE - Common on Virginia
pine at Petersburg. (Milliron).

VARIABLE OAK LEAF CATERPILLAR (Heterocampa manteo) - MINNE-
SOTA - Pre-pupae abundant in Brainerd area. Apparently rodent preda-
tion has not altered prospect for defoliation of oaks, birch and other hosts
late this summer. (Minn. Ins. Rept. Serv. ).

SATIN MOTH (Stilpnotia salicis) - OREGON - Caused almost complete de-
foliation of cottonwood trees in Forest Grove area, June 1. (Goeden).

PINE NEEDLE MINER (Exoteleia pinifoliella) - PENNSYLVANIA - Heavy
infestation on red pine in a plantation in Westmoreland County, May 23.
(Jeffrey).

PINE SPITTLEBUG (Aphorophora parallela) - MARYLAND - Light to
heavy numbers of spittle masses on young loblolly pines on Eastern Shore.
(USsNide Srmt- Denby)

EUROPEAN PINE SHOOT MOTH (Rhyacionia buoliana) - PENNSYLVANIA -
Some spring killing in pine in southwest. (Udine).

LARCH SAWF'LY (_Pristiphora erichsonii) - MINNESOTA - Cocoon found
in northern area on May 21 - June 1. Emergence will be about June 15 on
the Mesabi Range and Superior National Forest. (Minn. Ins. Rept. Serv.).

= O07 -

EASTERN SPRUCE GALL APHID (Chermes abietis) - RHODE ISLAND -
Hatching of eggs during week. Young nymphs feeding on new growth of
spruce in Kingston area. (Steve). —

EASTERN TENT CATERPILLAR (Malacosoma americanum) - PENNSYL-
VANIA - Migration heavy in northeast and other areas. (Gesell). MASSA-
CHUSETTS - Hatching in Amherst and vicinity by May 18. Early appear-
ance indicates moderate abundance. (Bourne).

ELM LEAF BEETLE (Galerucella xanthomelaena) - ARIZONA - Heavy on
Chinese elm in Mesa area. Some trees lost a third of foliage. (Ariz.
Coop. Rept.). PENNSYLVANIA - Injury becoming conspicuous on elm in
northeastern area. (Gesell). MARYLAND - Larvae damaging elm foliage
in Calvert County. (U. Md., Ent. Dept. ).

ELM SAWFLY (Cimbex americana) - WASHINGTON - Adults emerging
since May 28 on willow at Pullman; large numbers active. (Johansen).

A LEAF ROLLER (Fascista cercerisella) - OKLAHOMA - Extensive
damage to redbud in State. (Howell).

BIRCH LEAF MINER (Fenusa pusilla) - RHODE ISLAND - Young larvae
mining leaves. (Steve).

SMALLER EUROPEAN ELM BARK BEETLE (Scolytus multistriatus) -
CALIFORNIA - First recorded infestation at Fullerton, Orange County on
May 17. (Byers, Harper). MICHIGAN - Adults at Flint May 28. (Hut-
son).

CANKERWORMS - SOUTH DAKOTA - Numerous reports from western
areas of defoliation of elm trees. (Hantsbarger). WISCONSIN - Defoliat-
ing elms in Rock County. (Wis. Wkly. Bul.). WEST VIRGINIA - Larvae
of Alsophila pometaria defoliating oaks, hickory and sourwood in Barbour
County. (Dorsey, Hansen).

BUCK MOTH (Hemileuca maia) - DELAWARE - Defoliating white oaks at
Petersburg. (Milliron).

BROWN HEADED ASH SAWF'LY (Tomostethus multicinctus) - MINNESOTA -
Stripping ash in Twin Cities area. (Minn. Ins. Rept. Serv. ).

A 'TIP MOTH (probably Rhyacionia frustrana) - VIRGINIA - Damaging
loblolly pines in several counties in southeastern area. (Miller, Grayson).

BAGWORM (Thyridopteryx ephemeraeformis) - VIRGINIA - Severe and
general on American arborvitae at Richmond. Eggs hatching and larvae
present. (Matheny). OKLAHOMA - Early instars active in central and
eastern areas on ornamentals. (Howell). Very abundant in few pecan
orchards in Okemah area. Common on elm in eastern area. (Coppock).

A SCALE (Kermes pubescens) - OKLAHOMA - Numerous on oak in Caddo
County and in Wewoka area. (Fenton).

- 558 -

APHIDS - IDAHO - Extremely heavy on Colorado blue spruce in Gooding
and Jerome Counties. (Portman). DELAWARE -_Hamamelistes
spinosus very destructive to foliage of birch at Petersburg and Wilming-
ton. (Milliron).

MITES - NEW MEXICO - Tetranychus telarius severe problem on orna-
mentals in Las Cruces. (Durkin, June 2). NORTH DAKOTA - Heavy
infestation on everygreens around homes in Fargo. (N. D. Ins. Rept. ).
VIRGINIA - Infestation on blue spruce in Franklin County very heavy.
Heavy damage by T. telarius on shrubs in Wythe County. (Rowell).
Mites on ornamentals in Richmond area heavier than for many years.
(Matheny).

JAPANESE BEETLE (Popillia japonica) - NORTH CAROLINA - First
adults of season in Rowan County, June 1. (Warren). VIRGINIA - Re-
ported in Princess Anne and Norfolk Counties for the first time this year.
(Raine). RHODE ISLAND - First adults of season in Kingston. (Steve).

INSECTS AFFECTING MAN AND ANIMALS

MOSQUITOES - UTAH - Seriously annoying in Weber County and in several
other areas. (Knowlton). NEW MEXICO - Very abundant in Mesilla Val-
ley, Dona Ana County.. (Durkin, June 2). COLORADO - Very high popula-
tions in Jackson, Grand and Routt Counties. Communities planning con-
trol programs. (Ext. Serv.). RHODE ISLAND - Adult Aedes cantator
abundant in Matunuck area. Biting rate of 12 per 2 minutes. (Steve).

HORN FLIES (Siphona irritans) - IDAHO - Heavy on beef and dairy cattle
herds where controls excluded. (Roberts). TEXAS - Heavy widespread
populations on all cattle in Mason County. (Garrett). KANSAS - Popula-
tions continuing to build up in central and north central areas. Counts of
120 to 180 per animal. (Matthew). WEST VIRGINIA - Numerous on cattle
over State. (Dorsey, Hansen). VIRGINIA - Very heavy in parts of Appo-
mattox and Henrico Counties. (Turner).

SCRE W-WORM (Callitroga hominivorax) - NORTH CAROLINA - Infestation
in Yadkin County general. Expected to become serious by end of season.
(Smith, Conaway).

FLIES - NEW MEXICO - Musca domestica and_Siphona irritans very num-
erous around livestock pens in Dona Ana County. (Durkin, June 2).
ARKANSAS - Counts per animal on a dairy herd in Pulaski County as fol-
lows: horn fly 10-450; horse flies 0-15; stable fly less than 1. (Warren).
IOWA - Stable flies appeared. (Harris). MINNESOTA - Black flies plenti-
ful in Ely week of May 28. (Minn. Ins. Rept. Serv.). VIRGINIA - Deer
flies severe in northern neck area. (Matheny).

STICKTIGHT FLEA (Echidnophaga gallinacea) - GEORGIA - Heavy on
chickens in Lincoln County. (McGee, June 1).

- 559 -

CATTLE GRUBS - IDAHO - Abundant on dairy and beef cattle herds near
Preston. (Roberts). VIRGINIA - Hypoderma lineatum medium on beef
cattle in area of Fairfax County. (Beard).

TICKS - MISSISSIPPI - Amblyomma americanum found on many animals
of 512 sprayed in Jasper County. Several specimens of A. maculatum al-

so found. (Neel, Chadwick).

SHEEP SCAB MITE (Psoroptes equi ovis) - VIRGINIA - Found on 733 of
1,471 sheep inspected in State during April and 94 of 94 sheep inspected
in Virginia during May. Controls applied. (Va. Livestock Health Bul. ).

STORED PRODUCTS INSECTS

RED-LEGGED HAM BEETLE (Necrobia rufipes) - VIRGINIA - Severely
damaged cured hams not wrapped and bagged properly in Richmond.
(Matheny).

BENEFICIAL INSECTS

LADY BEETLES - ARIZONA - Hippodamia convergens in large numbers
on cotton, corn and alfalfa in Safford area, Graham County. (Ariz. Coop.
Rept. ). WISCONSIN - Increase on alfalfa infested with pea aphid. (Wis.
Wkly. Bul.). ILLINOIS - Average numbers per 100 sweeps: northwest
55, northeast 68, central 310, east 60, southwest 50 and southeast 125.
(ii ins. Rept).

MISCELLANEOUS INSECTS

EUROPEAN EARWIG (Forficula auricularia) - UTAH - Becoming more
annoying. (Knowlton).

PERIODICAL CICADA (Magicicada septendecim) - WISCONSIN - Mature
nymphs emerging and tubes observed in Richland County where severe in-
jury to orchard trees occurred 17 years ago. May cause damage this
ee Same area and may show up soon in southeastern area. (Wis. Wkly.
Bulky):

BLACK CARPET BEETLE (Attagenus piceus) - MASSACHUSETTS - An un-
usually large number of complaints. (Bourne).

MORE IMPORTANT INSECTS - 1955 (additional report) - FLORIDA -
Scales, whiteflies and mites on citrus and ornamentais; mosquitoes; sub-
terranean termites; aphids; chinch bugs on lawns and turf; corn earworm;
black turpentine beetle; rice weevil and fall armyworm.

- 560 -

: f @ Pseud. Agrotis Prod. Perid. Feltia Heliothis Protoparce Chor.
LIGHT TRAP COLLECTIONS unipun. ypsilon ornith, marg. subt. zea viresc. sexta quing. aux.

a

NORTH DAKOTA

Fargo 6/1-7 265 594
KANSAS
Wathena 5/28-6/4 17 2 1
Manhattan 6/8-9 7
Hays 5/30-6/2 2 5 2
Garden City 6/4-6 ial 5
TEXAS
Winter Haven 5/16-31 3 14
Denton 5/16-31 7 3 13 9 27
Waco 6/2-8 1 21 35 15 24
ARKANSAS
Hope 6/2-8 15 8 8 13
Stuttgart 5/30-6/5 49 1 18 10
Fayetteville 6/4-8 107 23 26 63
LOUISIANA
*Tallulah 6/2-8 17 23 92 103 83 454 16 43 1
Baton Rouge 6/2-8 7 80 10 102 33
MISSISSIPPI (Counties)
Coahoma 6/2-8 1395 59 13 593 1 897
Humphreys 309 42 17 342 2 309 4
Lauderdale 2 57
Marshall 1720 132 30 349 111 1680 14
Oktibbeha 46 18 62 41 10 82 5
eee 6/1-7 2802 69 1224 327
TENNESSEE (Counties)
Madison 5/29-6/4 48 16 Zs
Lawrence ‘ 12 8
Maury 8 8 15 a7
Robertson 160 16 32 6 7
Cumberland 5 1 1 14
Knox 22 14 10 68 2
Greene 10 6 4 12 6 23
Blount 12 6 12 8 3 6
Johnson 4 20 8 20
GEORGIA (Counties)
Tift 5/27-6/2 43 67 81 262 112 269 17 2
Spalding 5/26-6/1 3 4 9 ial 36 48 8 4 5
FLORIDA
Monticello 5/29 3 7
Belle Glade 5/29 23
Homestead 6/1 3
Lakeland 5/28 3 42 8 9
Bradenton 5/18-28 a 3 al
Quincy 6/4 2 rh 9 2
SOUTH CAROLINA (Counties)
Charleston 5/21-27 2 2 4 4 14 5 il 7
Florence 5/20-6/1 8 16 ital 3 18 112 i 6 2
Oconee 6/3-9 6 9 26 14 10 24 3 5
NORTH CAROLINA (Counties)
Duplin 6/6-7 1 7 3 2
Johnston 6/6-7 1 1
VIRGINIA (County)
*Pittsylvania 5/27-6/2 23 327
MARYLAND (County)
Montgomery 6/1-7 5 2 2
PENNSYLVANIA
State College 6/2-9 123 28
OHIO (County)
Athens 5/25-31 17 18
INDIANA (Counties)
Lawrence 5/29-6/5 233 8 3} 33 1
Tippecanoe 6/1-6 SuiT, 2 44
. ILLINOIS
Urbana 6/1-7 765 5 1 250 6

Other, collections: Georgia - (Spalding County, 5/26-6/1): Empoasca fabae, 8.
*Three traps Tallulah, La. and Pittsylvania Co., Va.; Two traps Washington Co., Mississippi.

- 561 -

ADDITIONAL NOTES

NEW YORK - SPITTLEBUGS in numbers throughout State. Infestation

this year appears to be greatest in years. KUROPEAN CHAFER - New
infestation located near Oswego. Adults flying June 8, Wayne County.
MEXICAN BEAN BEETLE on beans in Schenectady County. FRUIT TREE
LEAF ROLLER in large numbers in few untreated orchards in Dutchess
County, found readily in most orchards in Columbia County. WHITE
APPLE LEAFHOPPER plentiful in Onondago County; also in Wyoming
County following treatment. RED-BANDED LEAF ROLLER larvae feeding,
Onondaga County. Rather general and plentiful in Monroe County, and lar-
vae easily found in Wayne County. (Wkly. Rept. ).

ARKANSAS - Nymphs of GRASSHOPPERS (mostly Melanoplus sp. ) locally
heavy in southeast and south central Arkansas. As high as 20-30 per
square yard on clover in upper Desha and lower Arkansas Counties. Some
"ragging" of cotton next to fence rows and ditch banks in local areas.
SPOTTED ALFALFA APHID counts variable in Lafayette, Miller and
Howard Counties; 2 to 27 per stem. Many winged forms. In Chicot County
stand averaged 350-500 aphids per sweep; some damage. RICE WATER
WEEVIL adults appeared in heavy numbers in local areas over eastern
half of State. SUGARCANE BEETLE continues to cause damage to growing
corn. Larvae of A WEEVIL have damaged soybeans in Poinsett County;
stands ruined some cases. BAGWORM attack has been heavy on many
ornamentals and shade trees over the State. ELM LEAF BEETLE popula-
tions are building up on elm in the Arkansas River Valley and north to
Randolph County. BOLL WEEVIL counts on young cotton variable, with
high counts of over 2, OOO adults per acre in Chicot County and over 1, 500
per acre in Hempstead County. None or light elsewhere. BOLLWORM
activity iow, with larvae and eggs found only occasionally in Ashley County.
THRIPS moderately heavy in the Jefferson, Lincoln, Desha County area
and also north of Arkansas River in east central Arkansas.(Warren, Barnes).

IDAHO - ALFALFA WEEVIL extremely numerous in Owyhee County; con-
siderable loss to hay crops. Many pupating. CABBAGE MAGGOTS lower
than normal on crucifers in western Ada County. CLOVER SEED CHAL-
CID adults numerous in red clover stands Owhyee County. GRASSHOPPER
populations approximately 50 per square yard on bitterbrush nursery plant-
ings and surrounding range land, east of Banks. Populations 90 percent
Camnula pellucida and 10 percent Melanoplus bivittatus. LESSER CLOVER
LEAF WEEVIL - about 3 percent of red clover heads infested with larvae
in stands of Owyhee County. SPIDER MITES heavy and general in nearly
all alfalfa and clover seed fields of Gooding County. Heavy injuries ex-
pected unless controlled immediately. WIRE WORMS have severely damaged
a 10-acre field of beans in Jerome County, 25 percent loss. (Portman).

IOWA - GRASSHOPPERS - differential grasshoppers continue to hatch.

In some areas 100-300 nymphs per square yard in fence rows, roadsides
and ditches. SOIL INSECTS continue to cause damage. CORN ROOT APHID
reported in light infestations in Union County. ARMYWORMS found in heavy

- 562.2

stands of oats and brome in central Iowa. EUROPEAN CORN BORER |
developing rapidly. In south Iowa pupation 90 percent, in:central 98
percent, in north 90 percent completed. Six egg masses per 100 plants
in 24 inch corn in Boone County on June 9. SPITTLEBUG reported from
Story County, centralarea. Causingconsiderable concern in eastern Iowa.
Alfalfa and clover there with 10-50 spittle masses per 100 stems. PEA
APHIDS range from 10-100 per sweep from north to central Iowa, respec-
tively. LADY BEETLE larvae abundant in fields. RED-BANDED LEAF
ROLLER doing serious damage on apples in central area. (Harris).

BERRA RR EEK KE RK ERE KOK KK KK KKK

WEATHER FOR THE WEEK ENDING JUNE 11, 1956

The week was unseasonably cool in the Pacific States and western Nevada
and east of a line joining Detroit, Michigan; and Houston, Texas; but
relatively warm elsewhere. ‘Temperatures averaged as much as 3° be-
low seasonal levels in the Pacific Northwest and as much as 6° below
along the middle Atlantic Coast, but ranged from 9° to as much as 12°
above seasonal levels in the northern Great Plains. ‘The week's only
freezing occurred in northwestern Nevada and eastern Oregon on June 5,
with the passage of a cold front and an influx of cool Pacific air. Winne-
mucca, Nevada, had a low of 24° and Burns, Oregon, one of 28°.

The week was one of rising temperatures, however, with maximum temper-
atures of 90° to over 100° prevailing in the Far Southwest throughout the
week. By the end of the period the area with maximum temperatures of
90° or above had spread throughout the South and northward along the
Canadian Border from Montana to Minnesota. Extreme maximums,
occurring at the end of the period, ranged from 111° at Yuma, Arizona,

to 101° at Huron, South Dakota, and 99° at many other stations in the
northern Plains and upper Mississippi Valley including Williston and Bis-
marck, North Dakota, Pierre, South Dakota, and Minneapolis, Minnesota.
This was the warmest week this season in most of the area between the
Continental Divide and the. Mississippi. International Falls, Minnesota,
reported 98°, the highest there during the station's 14-year record. A
low pressure trough brought moderate to heavy rain to the north Pacific
Coast at the beginning of the week, and light to moderate showers to the
central and northern Great Plains on the 5th and 6th and the central and
upper Mississippi Valley on the 6th and 7th. Showers fell in the Northeast
and Southeast over the weekend. The Far Southwest and Rio Grande Valley
received no rain at all, and amounts were very light in most of the re-
mainder of the area west of the Great Plains except in the extreme north.
Drought is reported to be developing rapidly over 'exas, and rain is
needed in the Gulf States. (Summary Supplied by U. S. Weather Bureau).

- 563 -
SURVEY METHODS

Uniform Survey Procedure Approved by
The Lake States Forest Insect Survey Committee - 1956

SARATOGA SPITTLEBUG NYMPHAL APPRAISAL SURVEY

PURPOSE:

These surveys are conducted to obtain data on nymphal populations of the Saratoga spittlebug
so the needs for insecticidal control measures can be determined. They will ordinarily begin
about June 15, in northern Wisconsin and Michigan, although weather conditions may necessi-
tate setting the date as much as a week earlier or later. In any case the beginning date will
be when most of the nymphs are in the later instars, and the survey should be completed be-
fore transformation to the adult stage begins.

INSTRUCTIONS:

Sample Size

Twenty sample plots shall be established per 100 acres of plantation. The individual plot en-
compasses an area of 1/10 milacre delimited by a portable square wooden frame (25 inches on
aside, inside dimension). All plantations less than 50 acres will have 10 plots.

Plot Location

The plots must be evenly distributed according to lines predetermined on a plantation map.

No plot should fall less than 2 chains from the edge of a plantation or a transecting road. The
examiner will pace off the required distances and drop the plot frame immediately in front of
him in an unbiased manner. The frame must not be moved from this point unless one or more
of the following conditions are encountered:

1. No trees within 3 feet of the plot. --Always locate the plot frame so that it lies within 3
eet of the crown of a tree.

2. _No ground cover. --If the trees have shaded-out the low-growing plants, move the frame to
amore open area. If no suitable spot can be found within 1 chain of the predetermined
sample station, note this fact on the field form and move on to the next station.

3. Trees over 15 feet or less than 2 feet in height. --If either of these conditions prevails,

record the fact and move to the next station.

Alternate Host and Nymphal Count

At each sample station, each individual host plant and each nymph within the confines of the
frame is recorded. To detect nymphs, carefully press away the ground litter from the root-
collar of the plant and look for the characteristic spittle mass. Ifa mass is observed, pull it
apart and count the nymphs. If as many as 10 nymphs are found in any one plot, it is not neces-
sary to go on counting, simply note this fact and move on. Any additional alternate host condi-
tions perceived by the examiner will be helpful in interpreting the data. For instance, if the
"Others" column on the field form represents mainly hawkweed, or bracken fern, etc., a

note should be made concerning its abundance.

Tree Size and Density

The average height of the trees, estimated to the nearest foot, and the average number of
trees per acre must be recorded. The number of branch whor!s on a representative (average
sized) tree and any abnormal appearance of the trees such as deformation, flagging, etc.,
should be recorded.

The following points detail the use of the damage prediction table:

1. From the nymphal survey field form, the average number of tree units in the plantation is
determined by obtaining the product of the average tree height (in feet), the average number
of living branch whorls, and the average number of stems per acre. These three factors
are determined by the observer in the field.

- 564 -

2. On the damage prediction table, the number of tree units is located in the column on the
left and a straightedge placed across the table at this level.

3. From the nymphal survey field form, the total number of nymphs present in the first
1/10-milacre plot is determined.

4. This number is located in the top row of the damage prediction table and read downward
to the point of intersection with the straightedge The infestation level on the 1/10-
milacre plot is then designated (heavy, medium, or light) according to the infestation
zone indicated by the table.

5. The infestation levels of all the rest of the plots are determined by examining the field
forms and going through the steps described above.

6. If 30 percent or more of the plots fall in the heavy infestation zone, the plantation is
slated for immediate control.

Che infestation level in a particular plantation may not be high enough to warrant immediate
control, but it may be high enough to anticipate the need for control the following year. For
instance, if 20 percent of the sample plots were found to be heavily infested and an additional
10 percent moderately infested, it is only logical to assume that after the insect has gone
through the propagative stage, the population will have increased enough to constitute a heavy
infestation. Therefore, a plantation may be designated as requiring a nymphal survey and
possible control the following year if 30 percent or more of the sample plots are moderately
infested. In this manner both the operational and appraisal aspects of spittlebug surveys may
be logically and effectively combined in a single spring nymphal survey.

Infestation Classification

The following empirical classification of tree damage on the basis of the feeding scar density
on the xylem of the 2-year-old internodes has been established:

Feeding scars per 10 cm. Tree damage level
0 to 10 ‘Light
10 to 30 Medium
30+ Heavy

In order to classify an infestation on the basis of the spring nymphal population, the damage
potential can be predicted according to the following relationship:

Keke X = number of feeding scars per 10 cm. of twig to be

B expected from the resulting adult population.

A = number of nymphs per 1/10 milacre.

B = number of tree units per acre = (number of trees per
acre) x (average height of trees in feet) x (average num-
ber of living branch whor!s per tree).

K = 17 (dimensionless constant).

A table showing the relationship between the three pertinent factors has been developed to
simplify the classification of a particular nymphal population.

H. G. Ewan, Forest Service, U.S. D.A.

- 565 -
ALTERNATE HOST AND NYMPHAL SURVEY FOR SARATOGA SPITTLEBUG
FIELD FORM*

Plantation
National Forest Ranger District Code No.

Location: T. R. Sec. Acreage

Date Observer
Sample nymphs s
fern Spp.

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Number Alternate Host Stems
Sweet- | Rubus Others

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Average number trees per acre: Average number of branch whorls
Average height of trees (to nearest foot):

Remarks:

*A continuation sheet is used when there are 20 sample plots.

(Over)

- 566 -

sec.

- 567 -

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AGRICULTURAL RESEARCH SERVICE

PLANT PEST CONTROL BRANCH

ECONOMIC INSECT SURVEY SECTION

The Cooperative Economic Insect Report is
issued weekly as a service to American Agri-
culture. Its contentsare compiled from informa-
tion supplied by cooperating State, Federal, and
industrial entomologists and other morteultural
workers. In releasing this material the Branch
serves as a clearing house and does not assume

responsibility for accuracy of the material.
|

Reports and inquiries pertaining to this release
should be mailed to:

Economic Insect Survey Section
Plant Pest Control Branch
Agricultural Research Service
United States Department of Agriculture
Washington 25, D. C.

Volume 6 June 22, 1956 Number 25
COOPERATIVE ECONOMIC INSECT REPORT
Highlights of Insect Conditions

EUROPEAN CORN BORER appears no worse than last year in Missouri.
Heavy mortality of pupae in Illinois but effect on overall population cannot
be determined yet. From 10-70 egg masses per 100 plants in Iowa. Con-
ditions favorable for egg-laying in Minnesota. Egg masses numerous in
southern New Jersey and first brood may be more severe this year in
Massachusetts. (pp. 571, 598). CHINCH BUG populations continue to
increase in central and south central Kansas and migration to row crops
underway in this State and northern Missouri. Noticeable infestations on
corn in some areas of eastern and northeastern Illinois. (p. 571).

GRASSHOPPER nymphal populations heavy in many areas of Kansas and
adults rapidly appearing. Nymphs are light to heavy in northern half of
Missouri and range from 10-100 or more per square yard in Iowa where
severe damage occurring to second-crop alfalfa. Other States reporting
some abundant populations include New Mexico, Wyoming, Oklahoma.
(pp. 572, 593, 594). CUTWORMS continue to damage crops in Yakima
Valley, Washington. Also damaging corn in northern Missouri and crops
in southern Indiana. (p. 572).

Local moderate infestations of ARMY WORMS in south central Nebraska,
one heavy infestation in northeast Kansas and scattered outbreaks in
southern Indiana. Damage to corn in northern Ohio and minor damage in
northern Illinois. Larvae also observed in Wisconsin and Minnesota.

(p. 573). CORN LEAF APHID heavy on sorghum in Oklahoma and appear-
ing in corn and milo in central Kansas Texas and New Mexico also report
infestations. (p. 574). WIREWORMS damaging grain in areas of Wash-
ington, Wyoming, Wisconsin and Illinois. (p. 574). CORN EARWORM
damaging whorls of corn in Kansas, Oklahoma and Alabama. Serious in
some South Carolina counties. (p. 575).

PEA APHID increasing on alfalfa in Grant and Yakima Counties, Washing-
ton and southeastern Nebraska. Very high populations continue on alfalfa
and peas in northern Colorado and still abundant on alfalfa and clover in
eastern Iowa (575, 593). Also increasing on peas in Wisconsin. (p. 581).
SWEETCLOVER APHID severe on seedling sweetclover in Red River Val-
ley, Minnesota. (p. 575). PLANT BUGS increasing on alfalfa in Wash-
ington, South Dakota; abundant in areas of Utah, Wisconsin, North Dakota
and Nebraska. (p. 5/76). SPITTLEBUGS heavy on alfalfa in areas of Wis-
consin, more numerous than expected in southwest Pennsylvania, and
continue damaging in New York. (pp. 576, 593). GARDEN WEBWORM
infestations general in Arkansas. Also causing damage in Louisiana.

(js BVT BS)

EUROPEAN RED MITE increasing in untreated orchards in southern In-
diana and western New York; numerous some areas of Connecticut.
(p. 578). PERIODICAL CICADA appearing in northwest Indiana, southern

- 570 -

Wisconsin and Johnson County, Iowa. (pp. 580, 593). MEDITERRANEAN
FRUIT FLY situation in Florida. (p. 580).

MEXICAN BEAN BEETLE heavier than normal in Maryland, larval dam-
age appearing in eastern Virginia. Also reported from several other
States. (p. 581). FLEA BEETLES heavy on tomatoes and potatoes in
Connecticut, Maryland, western New York and areas of Wisconsin.

(p. 581). POTATO APHID populations unusually high in Colorado.

(p. 582). STRIPED CUCUMBER BEETLE severe in northeastern Illinois;
also injurious ‘to vegetables in Connecticut, Delaware, North Dakota and
West Virginia. (p. 583). Very severe damage to onions by ONION MAG-
GOT in western Washington and causing some loss at Lake Labish, Ore-
gon. (p. 583). BEET LEAFHOPPER light in Utah but has caused heavy
loss in Imperial Valley, California. (p. 583). Conditions in southern
Great Plains. (p. 584).

TOBACCO BUDWORMS abnormally abundant in South Carolina; heavy in
five Georgia counties and recorded in 50 percent of fields in east central
North Carolina. (p. 586).

BOLL WEEVIL infestations continue high at Tallulah, Louisiana; in some
Arkansas counties and wide areas of Georgia. Square infestation 17 per-
cent in southeastern Alabama; 5-60 percent in southern Georgia; 0-80 per-
cent in delta counties, Mississippi; 26 percent in untreated fields in South
Carolina. Infestations spotted or light in North Carolina, light to medium
in Texas, and no serious infestations yet in Oklahoma. (p. 586). For
time of year BOLILWORMS unusually severe at Tallulah, Louisiana and
heavy in Arkansas. (p. 587). THRIPS damage continues in several
areas. (p. 588).

MOSQUITOES unusually troublesome in Utah, abundant in many areas of
Oklahoma and at Kingston, Rhode Island. (p. 592).

WEATHER outlook and summary. (p. 595).
ADDITIONAL NOTES. (ppi 598, 594).
STATES reporting this week - 42.

fe tea maps of RANGE GRASSHOPPERS in the United States.
1s OSA}

TEAR A AE A KKK EK OK 2 2K OK 2K KK KOK OK OK

Reports in this issue are for the week ending June 15 unless otherwise
designated.

- 571 -
CEREAL AND FORAGE INSECTS

EUROPEAN CORN BORER (Pyrausta nubilalis) - MISSOURI - Egg-laying
almost complete in southeast area with a few early-planted fields heavily
infested, up to 16 borers per plant. First to fourth instars. Egg-laying
continues in central area and 75 percent hatched. Leaf feeding on 4 to 70
percent of plants in early fields. Average of 18 egg masses per 100 plants
in northeast and from 20-40 in northwest area. (Burdett). Generally,

first brood appears no worse than last year. (Kyd, Thomas). ILLINOIS -
Heavy mortality of corn borer pupae due to high temperatures was the out-
standing insect development for week ending June 15. Over half of pupae
from which moths have not emerged killed and further mortality may occur;
however, effect of pupal mortality on eventual population of borer cannot
be determined yet. Weather also greatly accelerated borer development.
In central and north central areas at least 75 percent of moths have
emerged, while in northern area over 50 percent. Corn growth ahead of
last year, however, making conditions favorable for borer survival. Treat-
ment should be made in southern and south central areas (warranted only
in isolated cases) June 18-30; should begin in central June 20 or a few days
laters Mortuicentralvarter june 20. northern abouteuiky I (Ml) Ins. sulle):
MINNESOTA - Pupation complete. Moth emergence underway and expected
to proceed rapidly due to high temperatures. Corn development parallels
that of the borer so egg deposition conditions appear favorable. (Minn.

Ins. Rept. ). WISCONSIN - Pupation over 80 percent in some southern
counties. (Wis. Ins. Bul.). NORTH DAKOTA - Pupation near 60 percent
in Richland, Sargent, Ransom and Cass Counties. (N. D. Ins. Rept. ).
INDIANA - Moth flight still underway June 6. Corn not of sufficient height
for egg-laying by early moths. (Lehker). ALABAMA - First-generation
larvae feeding extensively on whorls of early corn in northern area. (Eden).
This species and Diatraea crambidoides attacking corn in Cherokee County;
20 percent of stalks had 1 to 6 larvae per stalk. (Ruffin). MISSISSIPPI -
Larvae collected in corn in Coahoma County. (Lewis, Hutchins). Accord-
ing to ARS files this is a new county record. VIRGINIA - Damaged wheat
on two large farms in Nansemond County. (Greenwood, Rowell). MARY-
LAND - Twenty-one egg masses per 100 plants on corn, 8-15 inches tall,
in 7 fields in Frederick County. (U. Md., Ent. Dept.). DELAWARE -
Injury by small borers heavy on sweet corn and advanced field corn in
Bridgeville area. (Milliron). NEW JERSEY - Egg masses in considerable
numbers throughout southern area. Hatching in Cape May and Gloucester
Counties, June 12. (Ins.-Dis. News.). MASSACHUSETTS - Eggs found in
Connecticut Valley, Bristol and Essex Counties. First brood likely to be
more severe this year. (Crop Pest Cont. Mess. ).

CHINCH BUG (Blissus leucopterus) - KANSAS - Populations continue to
increase in many fields in central and south central counties. Mass migra-
tion from small grains to milo and corn underway. Destructive infestations
in local areas in several counties. Counts from 30 to over 400 per linear
foot in small grains and 10 to several hundred per plant in some corn and
sorghum fields. Some more heavily infested milo fields have 4 to 15 rows
of seedlings destroyed. (Matthew). OKLAHOMA - About 10 nymphs and
adults per corn plant in Bryan County. (Coppock). MISSOURI - Migration

from small grain to corn underway in northern half of State. Indications

- 572 -

of heavy infestations in corn over northwest quarter. (Kyd, Thomas).
TEXAS - Light to medium widespread on corn in Hunt County. (Hawkins).
ILLINOIS - Noticeable infestations on corn in some areas of eastern and
northeastern sections. (Ill. Ins. Rept.). SOUTH CAROLINA - Moderate
to heavy some corn fields in Saluda County. (Kearse).

GRASSHOPPERS - NEW MEXICO - Medium infestations in pastures in

Taos County, medium on range land in eastern Harding County, heavy south
of Roswell, Chaves County. (Durkin, June 9). Five to 50 nymphs (first

to fifth instars) per square yard in Lea County. Heavy-populations of fourth
instars in low areas and eggs hatching on open range in Chaves and Lincoln
Counties. From 25-75 first to fourth instars per square yard in large areas
of range land in Quay, Harding, Union and Colfax Counties. Small infesta-
tion in Roosevelt County. (GHC Proj., June 9). WYOMING - Heavy in-
festations in Hot Springs County. (Tippets, 6/9). Also south of Buffalo. (For-
syth). UTAH - Populations becoming conspicuous. (Knowlton). KANSAS -
Hatch nearly complete over State. Heavy nymphal population many areas
and adults rapidly appearing. Numerous adult M. mexicanus and_M. femur-
rubrum as far north as Riley County and M. bivittatus adults in south cen-
tral and southeastern counties. Adults moving into crops. From 15 to 80
grasshoppers per square yard in central and south central counties (counts
include as many as 20 adults some areas). (Matthew). SOUTH DAKOTA -
Melanoplus sp. nymphs increasing in alfalfa; 35 per 50 sweeps in some
northern fields. (Hantsbarger). OKLAHOMA - Melanoplus differentialis
abundant along roadsides and margins in east central area. (Coppock).
TEXAS - Heavy locally on corn, sorghums and pastures in Denton County.
(Chada). Medium widespread over about 15, 000 acres of rangeland in
Briscoe County. (Ledbetter). NORTH DAKOTA - Noticeable concentrations
in alfalfa in Sargent and Dickey Counties. Scattered infestations in LaMoure,
Cass, Mountrail, Ward and McLean Counties. (N. D. Ins. Rept.). MIS-
SOURI - Peak hatch of Melanoplus crop species passed in northern half of
State, light to severe nymphal populations in this area. Heaviest infesta-
tions in northwest quarter of State and in scattered areas of southwest;

from 5 to over 300 nymphs per square yard. Marginal crop damage becom-
ing evident especially in drought-stricken northwest. M. differentialis
dominant species. M. mexicanus from fourth instar to adult while other
major species from second to fifth instars. Controls underway all areas.
(Kyd, Thomas). MINNESOTA - Eggs in advanced stages, 5 to 15 percent
hatch, over much of east central and northeast areas. (Minn. Ins. Rept. ).
WISCONSIN - Newly-hatched grasshoppers on light soil. (Wis. Ins. Bul. ).

CUTWORMS - WASHINGTON - Still damaging crops in Yakima Valley; one
15-acre field of corn destroyed. (Keene). NEVADA - Variegated cutworm
damaging lawns and gardens in Washoe County. Cutworms more severe than
for past several years. (Gallaway). ILLINOIS - Damage still occurring in
northern area. (Ill. Ins. Rept.). MINNESOTA - Damaging soybeans near
Carver. (Minn. Ins. Rept.). MISSOURI - Agrotis: ypsilon and Feltia sub-
gothica damage to corn increased considerably in northern half of State.
Heaviest infestations on bottom lands; replanting in several fields. (Kyd,
Thomas). INDIANA - Considerable damage in several southern areas.
(Davis, June 11).

SEW

7~~..__ Armyworms as Reported Week Ending 6/16 a,
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ARMY WORM (Pseudaletia unipuncta) - NEBRASKA - Local moderate in-

festations, 2-3 larvae per. Sweep, in wheat and oats in Hall, Buffalo, Gage,
Pawnee, Johnson and Otoe Counties. (Andersen). KANSAS - Local heavy

infestation in a field of wheat in Atchison County. (Matthew). OHIO -
First damage in State reported from northern area; larvae attacking field
corn 4-6 inches tall. (Goleman). WISCONSIN - A very few larvae on ad-
vanced corn and small grains in Green Lake County. (Wis. Ins. Bul. ).
MICHIGAN - Adults collected in light trap at East Lansing, June 7. (Hut-
son). INDIANA - Destructive in Sullivan, Green and Knox Counties.
(Davis, June 11). Scattered outbreaks in several southern and southwest-
ern counties. (Lehker). TENNESSEE - Infestation disappearing. (Mul-
lett)h DELAWARE - Conspicuous injury in timothy-red clover combina-
tions in some areas but only light damage to small grains and corn. (Mill-

iron).

ARMYWORMS - MINNESOTA - Third instars in Olmsted, Fillmore and
ILLINOIS - Minor

Winona Counties. No damage. (Minn. Ins. Rept. ).
damage in northern area. (Ill. Ins. Rept.). PENNSYLVANIA - A few on

alfalfa in Westmoreland County. (Udine).

LESSER CORNSTALK BORER (Elasmopalpus lignosellus) - GEORGIA -
Sixty-five percent infestation in 15 acres of corn in Cook County. (John-

son). ARIZONA - Light to moderate on 40 acres of corn 2 feet high at
Phoenix. (Ariz. Coop. Rept. ).

CORN ROOT WEBWORM (Crambus calignosellus) - MINNESOTA - Des-
troyed 15 acres of corn in Mower County. (Minn. Ins. Rept. ).

= 514

SOUTHWESTERN CORN BORER (Zeadiatraea grandiosella) - ARIZONA -
Heavy population causing moderate damage in 200 acres of corn in Mari-
copa County; about 98 percent of stalks had 1-10 larvae. (Ariz. Coop.
Rept.). KANSAS - Early-instar larvae, probably this species, found in
whorls of corn in a few fields in Butler and Cowley Counties. About 8 per-
cent of plants affected. (Matthew).

CORN LEAF APHID (Rhopalosiphum maidis) - NEW MEXICO - Light dam-
age to edges of barley fields in San Juan County. (Durkin, June 9). OKLA-
HOMA - Common in eastern and southern counties, up to hundreds pePcorn
plant. Also heavy on most sorghum. (Coppock). TEXAS - Heavy wide-
spread on grain sorghum in San Patricio County but beneficial insects
numerous. (Pawlik). Light widespread on corn and sorghum in Denton
County. (Chada). KANSAS - Appearing in milo and corn field in south
central and central areas; light to moderate. (Burkhardt, Matthew).

BILLBUGS - WISCONSIN - Damaging corn in Grant, Sauk, Jefferson and
other counties. (Wis. Ins. Bul.). INDIANA - A few reporis of severe
damage. (Lehker, June 11).

BROWN WHEAT MITE (Petrobia latens) - WASHINGTON - Building up to
high numbers in dry-farming area near Mabton. Heavy damage on lower
leaves of some barley. (Harwood).

GREENBUG (Toxoptera graminum) - NEBRASKA - Moderate infestation,
110-125 per sweep, in Hall and Buffalo Counties. Damage very apparent

in wheat fields. (Andersen). ILLINOIS - One field in Bureau County heavi-
ly infested; first occurrence this year. (Ill. Ins. Rept. ).

SAY STINK BUG (Chlorochroa sayi) - NEW MEXICO - Heavy in barley and
wheat in Tucumcari and De Baca Counties. (Durkin, June 9).

WIRE WORMS - WASHINGTON - Several corn fields ruined in Yakima Val-
ley in spite of treated seed. (Keene). WYOMING - Damage to wheat in
Goshen County. (Thieman, June 9). WISCONSIN - Agriotes mancus dam-
aged small grain in Clark and Lincoln Counties. (Wis. Ins. Bul). ILLI-
NOIS - Damage still occurring in northern area. (Ill. Ins. Rept. ).

SUGARCANE BEETLE (Euetheola rugiceps) - ALABAMA - Moderate to
heavy infestations in corn in northern counties. (Ruffin). TENNESSEE -
Damaging stems of corn over State but declining. (Mullett).

MORMON CRICKET (Anabrus simplex) - UTAH - Control completed in
Uintah County, 21,264 acres treated. Heavy infestation still exists on
15, 000 acres of rangeland in Daggett County. (Chinn, Knowlton).

A MEALYBUG (Heterococcus graminicola) - OREGON - Increasing in 14-
acre field of Merion bluegrass in Jackson County. Det. H. Morrison.
(Gentner).

A SAWFLY (Pachynematus sporax) - CALIFORNIA - Collected on wheat-
grass in Modoc County. First record for this area of State. (Osborn).

- 575 -

Corn earworm as Reported Week Ending 6/16

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CORN EARWORM (Heliothis zea) - KANSAS - Twenty to 40 percent of
corn plants show whorl feeding in south central area. Moths and eggs in
all fields examined. (Matthew). OKLAHOMA - Corn plants showing whorl
and/or tassel damage: Hughes County 44 percent, Bryan 44 percent;
Pittsburg 12 percent. (Coppock). TEXAS - Heavy widespread populations
on field corn in Denton County. (Chada). SOUTH CAROLINA - Serious
damage in Horry, Sumter and Anderson Counties. (Nettles et al.). ALA-
BAMA - Heavy damage in whorls of early corn in northern area. (Eden).

PEA APHID (Macrosiphum pisi) - WASHINGTON - Nymphs increasing on
alfalfa in Grant and Yakima Counties. (Brannon, Kamal). COLORADO -
Alfalfa and peas in northern area still carrying very high populations.
Damage to first-cutting alfalfa apparent in Larimer, Boulder and Weld
Counties. (Exp. Sta.). NEBRASKA - Increasing in southeastern area,
90-125 per sweep on alfalfa. (Andersen). ILLINOIS - Found on new
growth of alfalfa but infestation subsiding rapidly. (Ill. Ins. Rept. ).
CONNECTICUT - Ten to 15 per sweep on alfalfa in Tolland and Windham
Counties June 7. (Tunis). DELAWARE - Moderately abundant on alfalfa.
(Milliron). PENNSYLVANIA - Moderate in most alfalfa fields but para-
sitism heavy. (Udine).

YELLOW CLOVER APHID (Pterocallidium trifolii) - NEBRASKA - In-
aes on red clover in southeast area, 20-25 per 10 sweeps. (Ander-
sen).

SWEETCLOVER APHID (Myzocallidium riehmi) - MINNESOTA - Severe
infestation of seedling sweetclover in Red River Valley. Eighty percent of
plants infested June 13. (Minn. Ins. Rept. ).

POTATO LEAFHOPPER (Empoasca fabae) - OKLAHOMA - Increased to
223 nymphs and adults per 100 sweeps in Payne County alfalfa compared
with 60 last week. (Fenton). DELAWARE - Increased on alfalfa in some
areas, but not abundant enough to cause perceptible damage. (Milliron).

- 576 -

SPOTTED ALFALFA APHID - ARIZONA - Severe on 10 acres of alfalfa

in Avra Valley, Pima County; area isolated from main alfalfa areas.

(Ariz. Coop. Rept.). UTAH - General in Washington, Kane, Grand and
San Juan Counties. Also widespread in Iron County. (Knowlton). NEW
MEXICO - Heavy in some untreated fields in Dona Ana, Eddy, Chaves,

De Baca, Quay, Socorro and Lea Counties. (Durkin, June 9). KANSAS -
Remains light over central and southern areas. No problem areas at
present in State. (Matthew). OKLAHOMA - Continuing low in southeastern
and east central counties, 6-30 aphids per sweep. (Coppock). Rapid in-
crease over last week in Payne County; from .8 to 21 wingless forms per
sweep and from .08 to 41 winged forms. (Fenton). TEXAS - Light general
infestations on alfalfa in Denton and Collingsworth Counties. (Chada,
Thomas). ARKANSAS - Infestations in Lincoln County. Populations much
greater in Lonoke County than earlier this season. (Warren, Harrendorf,
Barnes).

PLANT BUGS - WASHINGTON - Lygus hesperus and L. elisus nymphs in-
creasing on alfalfa in Yakima, Grant, Benton and Adams Counties. (Bran-
non, Kamal). UTAH -_L. elisus and others numerous in alfalfa. (Knowl-
ton). NEBRASKA - Per 10 sweeps in alfalfa in southeast: 25-40 L. line-
olaris, 15 Adelphocoris lineolatus. (Andersen). SOUTH DAKOTA - A.
Tineolatus becoming more numerous in alfalfa; 204 nymphs per 50 sweeps
one field in north central area. (Hantsbarger). MINNESOTA - Lygus sp.
and Adelphocoris sp. averaged 3-10 per sweep on alfalfa in southeast and
south central areas. (Minn. Ins. Rept.). WISCONSIN - Heavy populations
of L. lineolaris, A. lineolatus and_A. rapidus, especially on lighter soils
of central area. (Wis. Ins. Bul.). NORTH DAKOTA - Nymphs numerous,
.4-7.9 per sweep in most alfalfa in southeastern area. (N. D. Ins. Rept. ).
DELAWARE -_A. lineolatus adults common near Canterbury. (Milliron).

MITES - VIRGINIA - Mites in combination with drought damaging red
clover in Augusta County. (Woodside). NEVADA - Clover mite causing
local damage to alfalfa in Lyon County. (Batchelder, June 9).

FALSE CHINCH BUGS - MISSOURI - Very heavy populations appearing in
scattered areas of northern half of State; 500to 1000 per square foot ina
few alfalfa fields and other situations. No damage. (Kyd, Thomas).

MEADOW SPITTLEBUG (Philaenus leucophthalmus) - WISCONSIN - Heavy
populations on alfalfa in several counties. Considerable treatment in Ke-
waunee County. (Wis. Ins. Bul.). DELAWARE - Adults numerous in red
clover. (Milliron). MAINE - Hatching on birdsfoot trefoil at Orono,

June 11. (Me. Agr. Exp. Sta. ).

SPITTLEBUGS - ILLINOIS - Adults in northwestern area. (Ill. Ins. Rept. ).
PENNSYLVANIA - More numerous than expected and tests show over one-
half ton dry hay loss per acre some instances. (Udine). Adults abundant
in Franklin County. (Perper).

CLOVER ROOT CURCULIO (Sitona hispidula) - GEORGIA - Thirty per
Square foot under combine trash of crimson clover in Fayette County.
(Tippins, June 8).

- 577 -

ALFALFA WEEVIL (Hypera postica) - UTAH - Damage spotted. Popula-
tions threatening second crop where controls omitted. (Knowlton). SOUTH
DAKOTA - Found for first time in Corson County; 1-9 larvae per 50
sweeps. (Hantsbarger). NORTH CAROLINA - Some larvae and numerous
adults in alfalfa in Granville County but damage negligible. (Farrier).
VIRGINIA - Still causing concern in some areas but continuing to decline.
(Morris). DELAWARE - Damage on untreated second-growth alfalfa.
(Milliron). PENNSYLVANIA - Collected in several parts of Fulton County,
new county record. (Udine).

A CLOVER WEEVIL (Sitona scissifrons) - SOUTH DAKOTA - Very abundant
in some north central alfalfa; up to 91 adults per 50 sweeps. (Hantsbarger).

CLOVER LEAF WEEVIL (Hypera punctata) - MISSOURI - Newly-emerging
adults, 1 to 4 per square foot, causing heavy damage to new growth ina
few alfalfa and red clover fields in northern two-thirds of State. (Kyd,
Thomas).

LESSER CLOVER LEAF WEEVIL (Hypera nigrirostris) - NEBRASKA -
Some damage to red clover in southeastern counties, 5-10 per 10 sweeps.
(Andersen).

SWEETCLOVER WEEVIL (Sitona cylindricollis) - MINNESOTA - First mass
migration of season in northwest area June 4. Many new seedling severely
injured. (Minn. Ins. Rept.). UTAH - Injury common. (Knowlton).

BLISTER BEETLES - NEVADA - Local damage to alfalfa in Washoe County.
(Lauderdale, June 9). SOUTH DAKOTA - Epicauta fabricii numerous in
alfalfa; 101 per 50 sweeps in one field in Edmunds County. (Hantsbarger).
WISCONSIN - E. pennsylvanica, and E. fabricii appearing in many sections;
heavy populations in some alfalfa fields. (Wis. Ins. Bul. ).

ALFALFA WEBWORM (Loxostege commixtalis) - OKLAHOMA - EFighty-
five per 100 sweeps in Choctaw County alfalfa; damage slight. (Coppock).

GARDEN WEBWORM (Loxostege similalis) - ARKANSAS - Infestations gen-
eral over much of State; damage locally on soybeans, corn and cotton from
Ashley to Randolph Counties. Some soybean and cotton stands destroyed.
(Warren, Harrendorf, Barnes).

WEBWORMS (Loxostege spp. ) - SOUTH DAKOTA - Appearing in alfalfa; up
to 6 larvae per 50 sweeps in east central area. (Hantsbarger).

See - GEORGIA - Heavy infestations on peanuts in 11 counties. (John-
son).

- 578 -

FRUIT INSECTS

PLUM CURCULIO (Conotrachelus nenuphar) - CONNECTICUT - Oviposi-
tion scars numerous on apples and pears. (Tunis, June 7). MASSACHU-
SETTS - Still a threat in late areas, poorly sprayed orchards and where
migration may occur. (Crop Pest Cont. Mess.). PENNSYLVANIA -
Fresh cuts on apple and mature larvae in peaches in Franklin County.
(Pepper). MICHIGAN - Egg-laying punctures numerous at Lansing, Grand
Rapids, Sodus, and St. Joseph. (Hutson). GEORGIA - New adults emerged
June 5. Second-generation egg deposition not expected before June 26. ;
(Snapp). WISCONSIN - Adults appearing. Very early. (Wis. Ins. Bul.).
MISSOURI - First adults emerged in southern area. (Wkly. Rept. Fr.
Guess):

CODLING MOTH (Carpocapsa pomonella) - NEW JERSEY - Entry is in-
creasing although in well-sprayed orchards less than 1 percent. (Ins. -
Dis. News.). PENNSYLVANIA - First entrances noted on apple in Frank-
lin County. (Pepper). NEW YORK - Hatching in Orange County June 13.
(Wkly. Rept.). CONNECTICUT - First emergence in cages, Tolland and
New Haven Counties. (Tunis, Garman, June 7). MASSACHUSETTS - All
stages found easily in Amherst. (Crop Pest Cont. Mess.). MARYLAND -
Hatching and entering apples at Hancock, June 9. (U. Md., Ent. Dept. ).
INDIANA - Adult emergence in overwintering cages appears about 85 per-
cent complete in Vincennes area. Eggs hatching. (Hamilton). Many new
entries occurring in Orleans area. (Marshall). ILLINOIS - Peak hatch

of first brood previous week in Carbondale area. Marked decrease in fresh
entrances now. (Chandler). MICHIGAN - Peak flight of spring brood at
Grand Rapids. Adults appeared at Bangor and South Haven June 7. (Hut-
son, June 10). WISCONSIN - Entrances in fruit in southwestern area.
(Wis. Ins. Bul.). MISSOURI - Few larvae in apples in central area. First
brood activity slowed down. Some areas no distinct brood and attack will
be continuous. (Wkly. Rept. Fr. Grs.).

RED-BANDED LEAF ROLLER (Argyrotaenia velutinana) - CONNECTICUT -
Eggs hatched. Larvae feeding on foliage. (Tunis, June 7). PENNSYL-
VANIA - Very abundant in several apple orchards. Light infestations on
cherries in Erie County. (Adams, June 6). Quite abundant on apple suck-
ers in Bedford County. (Udine, June 3). Pupating, no emergence in Frank-
lin County. (Pepper). INDIANA - Second-brood activity expected from
June 20. (Hamilton).

APPLE APHIDS - NEW JERSEY - Found in increasing numbers in central
and southern areas. (Ins. -Dis. News. ).

EUROPEAN RED MITE (Metatetranychus ulmi) - CONNECTICUT - Numer-
ous in orchards in Hartford and New Haven Counties. (Tunis, June 7).
INDIANA - Populations increasing in orchards with poor protection. (Ham-
ilton). NEW YORK - Increasing in untreated orchards in Orleans and Mon-
roe Counties. (Wkly. Rept. ).

GREEN PEACH APHID (Myzus persicae) - WASHINGTON - Damage in
some orchards in Wenatchee area. (Anthon).

- 579 -

EUROPEAN APPLE SAWFLY (Hoplocampa testudinea) - CONNECTICUT -
Larval feeding scars evident on developing apples. (Tunis, June 7).

NEW YORK - Not severe in Westchester County, but numerous in apples
in neglected orchards in Rockland County. (Wkly. Rept. ).

EUROPEAN FRUIT LECANIUM (Lecanium corni) - Eggs beginning to
hatch on peach in Franklin County. (Pepper). Moderate infestation of
peach and prunes in Erie County. (Adams, June 6).

FORBES SCALE (Aspidiotus forbesi) - MISSOURI - Crawlers in southeast
area. (Wkly. Rept. Fr. Grs.). INDIANA - First-brood crawlers present
in Vincennes area. (Hamilton). ILLINOIS - Crawlers rather abundant in
Jefferson and Marion Counties. (Chandler). VIRGINIA - Crawlers present
on apple trees in Augusta County. (Woodside). PENNSYLVANIA - Moder-
ately heavy in sour cherries of two orchards in Erie County. (Adams,

June 6).

ORIENTAL FRUIT MOTH (Grapholitha molesta) - CONNECTICUT - Emerg-
ing in New Haven County. (Garman, June 7).

BLACK CHERRY FRUIT FLY (Rhagoletis fausta) - NEW YORK - Emerging
western area June 14. (Wkly. Rept. ).

PEACH TWIG BORER (Anarsia lineatella) - NEVADA - Damage light to
severe throughout western area. (Gallaway).

LEAFHOPPERS - UTAH - Erythroneura ziczac et al. discoloring grape and
Virginia creeper foliage in Grand and Washington Counties. (Knowlton,
Tibbetts).

LEAF ROLLERS - WASHINGTON - Leaf rollers, mainly Argyrotaenia
citrana, more numerous than usual and treatments required in raspberry
fields of Puyallup Valley. (Breakey). NEVADA - Damage to apricot,
apple, privet and rose more severe than past five years. (Ting).

A RUST MITE (Vasates fockeui) - WASHINGTON - Seemingly increased in
Wenatchee area this year. Damage appearing 2 to 4 weeks earlier than
normal. (Anthon).

TENT CATERPILLAR (Malacosoma sp.) - NEW MEXICO - Infestations
heavy in fruit and shade trees in Taos County. (Durkin, June 9).

UNSPOTTED TENTIFORM LEAF MINER (Callisto geminatella) - NEW
JERSEY - Found in sprayed orchard in Cumberland County by S. H. Davis.
Infestation light. (Ins.-Dis. News.). MARYLAND - First brood emerged
in orchards at Hancock, June 9. Second-brood eggs found June 11 in
orchard near Indian Springs. (U. Md., Ent. Dept. ).

WESTERN GRAPE LEAF SKELETONIZER (Harrisina brillians) - ARIZONA -
Larvae damaging in a 10-acre planting at Tucson. (Ariz. Coop. Rept. ).

- 580 -

WOOLLY APPLE APHID (Eriosoma americanum) - OKLAHOMA - Heavy
populations on apple trees in localized eastern areas. (Coppock).

CURRANT APHID (Capitophorus ribis) - OREGON - Severe leaf injury in
currant planting at Corvallis, June 8. (Capizzi).

CLOVER MITE (Bryobia praetiosa) - UTAH - Bleaching foliage some
orchards at Moab and Blanding. (Knowlton).

COTTONY-CUSHION SCALE (Icerya purchasi) - ARIZONA - Damage be-
coming heavy in 5-acre grapefruit grove in Maricopa County. Vedalia
present, (Ariz. Coop sRept.).

CHERRY FRUIT FLY (Rhagoletis cingulata) - MICHIGAN - Numerous at
Grand Rapids. (Hutson). WASHINGTON - Maggots found in fruit at
Vernita on June 7 and 11. (Lanchester).

PERIODICAL CICADA (Magicicada septendecim) - INDIANA - Brood 13
of 17 year cycle appearing in northwest corner of State. Heavy infesta-
tions from Lake, Porter and LaPorte Counties. (Lehker, Davis).
WISCONSIN - Emergence in Grant, Lafayette, Iowa, Richland and Wal-
worth Counties. (Wis. Ins. Bul.).

PECAN NUT CASEBEARER (Acrobasis caryae) - OKLAHOMA - Percent
of pecan clusters showing larval damage was 60 in Okfuskee County and
Zt inekincoln County.) .(Coppock):

A MINER (Opostega sp. , near nonstrigella) - OREGON - Larvae mining
stems of gooseberries in Washington, Polk and Benton Counties. Mines
in over 50 percent of plants in one field near Corvallis. New record for
state, Det: H.W. Capps. (Capizzi):

MEDITERRANEAN FRUIT FLY (Ceratitis capitata) - FLORIDA - Recent
new infestations, reported between June 13 and 19 include Martin, Pinellas,
and Hillsborough Counties. This makes a total of 18 counties in which
Specimens have been found since the initial discovery April 13 at Miami.
Specimens have been taken in the following counties: Dade, Broward, Palm
Beach, Hendry, Collier, Sarasota, Lee Highlands, Polk, Hardee, De

Soto, Charlotte, Manatee, Brevard, Indian River, Martin, Pinellas and
Hillsborough. Dade, Broward and Palm Beach Counties are under “ederal
regulations. Outside of these counties only light spot infestations have been
found. Immediately upon discovery these spots, with a protective border,
are treated with malathion bait spray and State regulations placed in effect.
Products subject to infestation moving from these areas are required to
meet the same regulations and treatments as if moving under Federal quar-
antine. (P,P. C.):

- 581 -
TRUCK CROP INSECTS

MEXICAN BEAN BEETLE (Epilachna varivestis) - FLORIDA - Averaging
one per plant in five acres on lima beans at Haque, Alachua County. (Den-
mark). NORTH CAROLINA - Duplin County generally infested with areas
in field completely defoliated. (Reid, Farrier). MARYLAND - Heavier
than normal on snap beans in Carroll, Montgomery, and Prince Georges
Counties. (U. Md., Ent. Dept.). VIRGINIA - Ovipositing freely on snap
and lima beans in eastern area. Some larval damage evident. (Brubaker,
Greenwood, Hofmaster), DELAWARE - Adults and eggs abundant on snap
beans at Harrington. (Milliron). NEW YORK - Active in early bean fields
in Chautauqua County. (Jordan). WEST VIRGINIA - Feeding on beans in
Kanawha County. (Dorsey, Hansen). COLORADO - First adult emerged
from hibernation in Weld County. (Chem. Ind. ).

PEA WEEVIL (Bruchus pisorum) - UTAH - High on canning peas in Utah
County; Davis and Weber Counties moderate to heavy. (Dorst).

PEA APHID (Macrosiphum pisi) - WISCONSIN - Populations increased
greatly on early peas. Aphids average about 21 per sweep in Calumet,
Sheboygan and Washington Counties; and over 9 per sweep in Columbia,
Dane, Dodge and Fond du Lac Counties. Portage and Marathon Counties
averaged less than 1 per sweep on small peas. Highest counts were over
60 per sweep. Treatments increasing. (Wis. Ins. Bull. ).

ZEBRA CATERPILLAR (Ceramica picta) - WASHINGTON - Small larvae
damaging seedling beans and beets in Columbia Basin. (Cook).

THRIPS - GEORGIA - Heavy infestations on blossoms of pole beans in
Colquitt County. (Johnson).

COLORADO POTATO BEETLE (Leptinotarsa decemlineata) - VIRGINIA -
Larvae and adults on tomatoes and potatoes in eastern area. (Brubaker,
Greenwood, Hofmaster). DELAWARE - Very destructive to potatoes at
Harrington and abundant on tomatoes near Hartly. (Milliron). MARY-
LAND - Destructive to tomatoes in Washington County. (U. Md., Ent.
Dept. ). NEW YORK - Hatching in Wayne County. (Wkly. Rept. ).

NORTH DAKOTA - Adults laying eggs on potato plants in Fargo area.

(N. D. Ins. Rept.). WISCONSIN - Egg masses in Marathon County. (Wis.
ce Bull. ; COLORADO - Pronounced populations in untreated fields.
lspgo, ies

FLEA BEETLES - CONNECTICUT - Damaging early potatoes in Hartford
and Tolland Counties. (Tunis, June 7). Numerous on tomato, eggplant,
(Minnum, June 7). MARYLAND - Numerous and damaging tomatoes in
Washington and Prince Georges Counties. (U. Md., Ent. Dept.). NEW
YORK - Very numerous on potato and tomatoes in Wayne and Monroe
Counties. (Wkly. Rept. ).

POTATO FLEA BEETLE (Epitrix cucumeris) - WISCONSIN - Heavy popu-
lations on potatoes and tomatoes in Polk, Portage, Marathon and Winne-

295920

bago Counties. Heavier than normal populations present in Kenosha area.
(Wis. Ins. Bul.). WEST VIRGINIA - Heavy feeding on potato generally,
especially in Randolph County. (Dorsey, Hansen).

POTATO APHID (Macrosiphum solanifolii)- NEW JERSEY - Considerable
damage to tomato plantings, particularly in Gloucester County. (Ins. -Dis.
Newel. COLORADO - Populations unusually high in allfields. Winged
migrants averaging 120 per 100 sweeps. (Exp. Sta.). PENNSYLVANIA -
Some fields with terminal growth of tomatoes heavily infested in Franklin
County. (Udine).

POTATO LEAFHOPPER, (Empoasca fabae) - DELAWARE - Increased in
most potato plantings. (Milliron).

POTATO PSYLLID (Paratrioza cockerelli) - COLORADO - Adults averaged
450 per 100 sweeps. About 25 percent first generation. Control problem
well in hand. (Exp. Sta. ).

TUBER FLEA BEETLE (Epitrix tuberis) - COLORADO - High in untreated
fields. (Exp. Sta. ).

TOBACCO FLEA BEETLE (Epitrix hirtipennis) - DELAWARE - Numerous
on tomatoes at Hartly. (Milliron).

HORNWORMS (Protoparce spp. ) - NEW MEXICO - Heavy in one commer-
cial planting of tomatoes in Dona Ana County. (Durkin, June 9).

HARLEQUIN BUG (Murgantia histrionica) - NEW MEXICO - Damaging
tomatoes in Lea County. (Durkin, June 9).

GREEN PEACH APHID (Myzus persicae) - PENNSYLVANIA - Some fields
of aE with terminal growth heavily infested in Franklin County.
(Udine).

BLISTER BEETLES (Epicauta spp.) - TEXAS - Heavy widespread popula-

tions on vegetable gardens in Denton County. (elas): ALABAMA - Dam-
aging tomatoes, beans and other garden crops. (Ruffin). NEW MEXICO -

Epicauta bispinosa damaging tomatoes in Lea County. (Durkin, June 9).

MELON APHID (Aphis gossypii) - OKLAHOMA - Averaged 70 per plant in
one melon field in Choctaw County. (Coppock).

SQUASH BUG (Anasa tristis) - CONNECTICUT - Few found to date.
(Minnum, June 7). ALABAMA -Continues to attack watermelons, cante-
loups and other cucurbits. Infestations were severe in Fayette County.
(Ruffin). NEW MEXICO - All stacce showing up on melon and squash in
Dona Ana County. (Durkin, June 9).

}
SPOTTED CUCUMBER BEETLE (Diabrotica undecimpunctata howardi) -
MINNESOTA - Heayy infestations in cucumbers from Sleepy Eye, Hector,
Winthrop; Gaylord and Fairfax areas. (Minn. Ins. Rept. Serv.). WEST

- 583 -

VIRGINIA - Some feeding on beans in Randolph County. (Dorsey, Hansen).
STRIPED CUCUMBER BEETLE (Acalymma vittata)- CONNECTICUT -
Numerous in most parts of State. (Minnum, June 7). DELAWARE -
Destructive to squash at Hartly and Harrington and to cantaloups at Harr-
ington. (Milliron), NORTH DAKOTA - Attacking cucurbits over wide
area in eastern part of State. (N. D. Ins. Rept.). ILLINOIS - Severe
damage to squash in northeastern area. Few fields thoroughly destroyed.
(Ill. Ins. Rept.). WEST VIRGINIA - Some feeding on beans in Randolph
and Monongalia Counties. (Dorsey, Hansen).

TORTOISE BEETLES - ALABAMA - Agqroiconota bivittata heavily damag-
ing sweetpotatoes at Cullman. (Blake). NORTH CAROLINA - Metriona
bicolor and Deloyala guttata destroyed sweetpotato bed in Hoke County.
(Williford, Farrier). DELAWARE - M. bicolor very prevalent on bind-
weed near Georgetown. (Milliron).

ONION MAGGOT (Hylemya antiqua) - WASHINGTON - Causing nearly 100
percent loss in treated and untreated onion fields in western area. (How-
itt). Damaging transplanted winter onions in Walla Walla area during May
and June. Few fields plowed up. (Lane). OREGON - Less damaging to
green bunching onions in Portland area than for past two years. Some
loss occurred at Lake Labish. (Crowell).

ONION THRIPS (Thrips tabaci) - TEXAS - Heavy infestations on onions in
Reeves County. (Wilson). NEVADA - Migration to onion fields starting
in Washoe and Lyon Counties. (Gallaway).

BEET LEAFHOPPER (Circulifer tenellus) - UTAH - Population on sugar
beets light. Averages per foot of row are 0.07 in Millard, Weber and
Salt Lake Counties; 0. 06 in Davis County; 0. 05 in Sevier and Sanpete
Counties; 0.03 in Box Elder County. Long distance movement reached
peak in mid-May. Local movement started in late May and reached peak
in early June. (Dorst). TEXAS - Local populations from 0 to 118 per

So aaa on Russian-thistle in Zavala and Dimmit Counties. (Richard-
son).

BEET WEBWORM (Loxostege sticticalis) - COLORADO - Moths reaching
neon in northern area. Eggs and larvae appearing. (Exp. Sta., Ext.
Serv. ).

CUTWORMS - UTAH - Seriously reducing sugar beet stands in Carbon
County where control delayed. (Knowlton). WISCONSIN - Populations
scarce in seven counties, moderate in sixteen and heavy in Vilas and
Marinette Counties. (Wis. Ins. Bull).

LEAFHOPPERS - CONNECTICUT = Numerous on lettuce in most of State.
(Minnum).

RHUBARB CURCULIO (Lixus concavus) - MICHIGAN - Eggs numerous in
rhubarb. (Hutson, June 5). PENNSYLVANIA - Light damage to rhu-

= el =

Beet Leafhopper Conditions in the Southern Great Plains and Adjacent Areas

Curly top, a virus
disease transmitted

by the beet leafhopper,
has been widely dis-
tributed over the Great
Plains and adjacent
areas since 1953,
causing considerable
loss to growers of
susceptible crops.
Spinach growers in the
Winter Garden area of
Texas and tomato and
sugar-beet growers in
western Texas, west-
ern Kansas, eastern
New Mexico, and east-
ern Colorado have been
the largest losers.
This recent outbreak
of curly top east of the
Continental Divide has
been brought about by
a period of dry years,
which caused many
acres of land to be
abandoned or over-
grazed. This has al-
lowed Russian-thistle

DISTRIBUTION OF BEET | LEAFHOPPERS ee Bo: and other weed-host
BRUARY AND MARCH 1956 / VA z plants of this insect to
is TSENG iN i
| c) COUNTIES H WRERE ADULTS I 1 Live © become established.

Sed (Lae

= = owe og — In order to gather more
information on this problem and to determine what might take place in 1956,
a study was made in eastern Colorado and New Mexico and in western Texas,
Oklahoma, and Kansas during late February and March. There were no
heavy concentrations of beet leafhoppers or their host plants but they were
distributed over the entire area as shown by the map. However, both the
insect and its host plants were more scarce in 1956 than in 1955. They oc-
curred only in the more favorable spots where sufficient moisture had ac-
cumulated during the fall of 1955 to insure germination of hosts. Adult beet
leafhoppers were found scattered over the entire area studied, but nymphs

of this insect were very scarce, occuring mostly in the extreme southern
part of the area, while in 1955 nymphs were well distributed. Based upon
these conditions, it is anticipated that the number of leafhoppers that will
move northward into Kansas and other states during the early summer of
1956 will be smaller than in 1955. The exact magnitude of the movement
will depend a great deal upon climatic and host- plant conditions. (Douglass,
Peay, Cowger).

=) 56one

barb in Erie County. Adults active. (Adams, June 8).

SPINACH LEAF MINER (Pegomya hyoscyami) - UTAH - Injury common in
sugar beet in areas of Carbon County. (Knowlton). COLORADO - Very
heavy numbers of eggs on spinach. Some larvae working in leaves. (Exp.
Gis, 5 lsat SSiew )).

A FALSE CHINCH BUG (Nysius raphanus) - FLORIDA - Adults averaging
20 per plant on turnips at Jacksonville, Duval County. (Mayeux).

DIAMONDBACK MOTH (Plutella maculipennis) - Appearing on cabbage at
most places from Dover southward. (Milliron).

ASPARAGUS BEETLE (Crioceris asparagi) - MICHIGAN - Larvae numer-
ous at East Lansing and Grant. (Hutson).

RASPBERRY SAWFLY (Monophadnoides geniculatus) - MINNESOTA -
Skeletonizing leaves of raspberry plants in Aitkin. (Minn. Ins. Rept. Serv.).

GARDEN SYMPHYLID (Scutigerella immaculata) - WASHINGTON - Damag-
ing ripe strawberries in fields in Vancouver area. (Howitt).

OMNIVOROUS LEAF TIER (Cnephasia longana) - OREGON - Infestations
prevalent in caneberries this spring. Approximately 15 percent emerged
in northern Willamette Valley. (Capizzi).

SLUGS - WASHINGTON - Damaging ripening strawberries in Puyallup and
Vancouver areas. (Howitt).

STRAWBERRY LEAF ROLLER (Ancylis comptana fragariae) - OREGON -
Larvae in strawberry fields in Gresham area June 8. (Capizzi).
TENNESSEE - Heavy infestations in strawberry sections. (Mullett).
WYOMING - Present on strawberries in Worland. (Spackman). WISCON-
SIN - Infestations in Dane County. (Wis. Ins. Bull. ).

TWO-SPOTTED SPIDER MITE (Tetranychus telarius) - CONNECTICUT -
Serious problem in some strawberry beds in Tolland County. (Tunis, June
7). WISCONSIN - Infestations in fruiting strawberry beds in Richland and
Dane Counties. (Wis. Ins. Bull. ).

A LEAF MINER (Liriomyza sp. ).- ARIZONA - Severe on castorbeans on
60 acres south of Mesa, Maricopa County. Parasite activity good. (Ariz.
Coop. Rept. ).

TOBACCO INSECTS

HORNWORMS (Protoparce spp. ) - NORTH CAROLINA - Three eggs per

240 plants in Forsyth County. (Guthrie). One larvae per 200 plants in

east central counties and very few eggs and larvae in north central counties.
(Farrier). VIRGINIA - Heavy in one field in Franklin County. (Morris).

Lae =

Generally light on tobacco in Pittsylvania County. Total of 80 iP sexta)
and 1274 P. quinquemaculata adults taken in 3 traps in this county week
ending June 9. (Dominick). GEORGIA - Light in 8 counties. (Johnson).

TOBACCO BUDWORMS (Heliothis spp.) - GEORGIA - Heavy infestations
in 5 counties and moderate in 5 additional counties. (Johnson). SOUTH
CAROLINA - Abnormally abundant over State, June 2. (Lewis, Allen).
NORTH CAROLINA - Field plants generally free in Granville County.
(Chamberlin). Present in about 50 percent of fields in east central
counties. Parasites active. (Farrier). VIRGINIA - Generally light on
tobacco in Pittsylvania County; first and second instars. (Dominick).

TOBACCO FLEA BEETLE (Epitrix hirtipennis) - NORTH CAROLINA -
One-hundred holes per first commercial leaf and 5-10 adults per leaf in
untreated fields in Forsyth County. (Guthrie). Some fields in Person and
Granville Counties with first commercial leaves almost destroyed.
(Farrier). VIRGINIA - Light to heavy on newly-set tobacco in Pittsylvania
County. (Dominick).

GREEN PEACH APHID (Myzus persicae) - NORTH CAROLINA - Continues
light in Granville County, no damage. (Chamberlin). Very few in east
central fields. (Farrier). GEORGIA - Moderate infestation in 6 southern
counties. (Johnson).

THREE-CORNERED ALFALFA HOPPER (Spissistilus festinus) - TENN-
ESSEE - Nymphs injuring tobacco in the field in Marshall County. Damag-
ing beans in Williamson County. (Mullett).

THRIPS - NORTH CAROLINA - Widespread on tobacco in Person, Gran-
ville, Wake and Vance Counties but of economic importance in only some
fields. (Farrier, Reams). VIRGINIA - Heavy on small tobacco in Meck-
lenburg County. (Copley).

STINK BUGS - GEORGIA - Nezara viridula and Euschistus servus moderate
on tobacco in Dodge, Laurens, Wheeler and Treutlen Counties. (Johnson).

LOOPERS - SOUTH CAROLINA - Moderate infestations at St. George.
(King). Numerous in Horry County fields, June 6. (Lewis, Nettles,
Johnston).

COTTON INSECTS

BOLL WEEVIL (Anthonomus grandis) - TEXAS - Signs of migrating; some
increase in population in lower Rio Grande Valley. (Deer). Light infes-
tations in southwest, coastal bend, northeast and generally in south central.
Light to medium infestations in upper coastal and medium to heavy infesta-
tions in Austin County. (Fuller, Martin). Weevils averaged 40 per acre
in untreated fields and 1 per acre in treated fields square infestation

16.6 percent in untreated fields and 3.0 percent in treated fields in Mc-

- 087 -

Lennanand Falls Counties.(Parencia et al.). OKLAHOMA - No serious in-
festations at present. (Stiles). Populations average 9 per 100 feet of row
in Choctaw County; 6 in McCurtain County. Considerable square injury in
Choctaw County. (Coppock). ARKANSAS - Infestations ranged up to 13 per
100 terminals in Ashley County. Per acre counts were 522 in Lincoln,

174 in Desha, and 609 in Conway. (Warren, Harrendorf, Barnes).
LOUISIANA - Average number weevils 437 per acre in Tallulah area com-
pared with 193 for same week last year. (Gaines, Pfrimmer et al. ).
MISSISSIPPI - Square infestation ranged from 0 to 80 percent. First gen-
eration weevil will be appearing in about two weeks in Stoneville area.
(Merkl, Furr et al.). TENNESSEE - Average 2 per 100 feet of row in in-
fested fields in southern tier of western counties. (Locke). ALABAMA -
Average percent square infestation in 11 southeastern counties was 17.
(Tyus). GEORGIA - Percent punctured squares in counties as follows:
Worth 20-35, Cook 5-40, Tift 20-65, Irwin 10-60, Ben Hill 15-40, Wilcox
20-55, Dodge 15-35, Laurens 10-40, Treutlen 10-60, Emanuel 5-50,
Burke 15-35. Six adults per 100 plants in Wilkes County and 2 in McDuffie
County. (Johnson). SOUTH CAROLINA - Survival percentage to June 15
at Florence was 6. 7 compared with 4.6 to same date in 1955. Average in-
festation of 14 treated fields in Darlington County was 19 compared with
3 percent in 1955 during same period. Three untreated fields in Florence
County averaged 20 percent. (Walker et al.). Five percent infestation in
treated fields and 26 percent in untreated in 28 counties. (Cott. Lett. ,
June 11.). NORTH CAROLINA - Infestation spotty in southern counties
and light in northern counties. Scotland County had one field with 10
weevils per 100 plants but only 50 percent of fields infested. No weevils
yet some counties. (Jones et al.).

BOLLWORMS (Heliothis spp. et al.) - ARIZONA - Eggs noted in many
cotton fields in Pima County, June 8. (Ariz. Coop. Rept.). NEW MEXI-
CO - Eggs and larvae in very small numbers in Dona Ana, Eddy, Chaves,
and Socorro Counties. (Durkin, June 9). TEXAS - Light in most sections
of State, except lower valley. (Fuller, Martin). OKLAHOMA - Four lar-
vae per 100 terminals in one field in Caddo County. May have early
trouble. (Stiles). MISSOURI - From 0 to 5 small larvae and 0 to 4 eggs
per 100 terminals in extreme southern parts of Dunklin and Pemiscot
Counties. (Kyd, Thomas). ARKANSAS - Rather heavy for time of year.
Infestations active as far north as St. Francis County. Counts ranged from
4 to 8 larvae per 100 terminals in Ashley, Desha, Lincoln, Conway and
Miller Counties. (Warren, Harrendorf, Barnes). LOUISIANA - Severe
infestation in Tallulah area. Causing considerable loss of squares and
terminals in many fields; 8.7 eggs and 2.1 larvae per 100 terminals.
Most severe ever observed this time of year at Tallulah. (Gaines,
Pfrimmer et al.). MISSISSIPPI - Eggs counts down, but larvae widespread
over delta counties. (Merkl, Furr et al.). ALABAMA - Seven percent of
Squares infested by larvae in 11 southeastern counties. Eggs per acre
ranged from 83 to 450 in same area. (Tyus). GEORGIA - Light infesta-
tions of eqgs and young larvae in Worth and Colquitt Counties. Light egg
deposition in Tift and Irwin Counties. (Johnson). SOUTH CAROLINA -
Average of .4 egg per 100 terminals in 9 fields in Florence County; . 2
larvae per 100 terminals in 7 fields. (Walker et al. ).

= 589 =

APHIDS - ARIZONA - Small localized infestations on cotton near Eloy,
Pinal County, June 8. Man infestations controlled by predators and para-
sites. (Ariz. Coop. Rept.). NEW MEXICO - General but light and spotty
in most cotton fields in Eddy, Chaves, and Quay Counties. (Durkin, June
9). TEXAS - Infestations light in sections of coastal bend, upper coastal,
east and central areas. (Fuller, Martin). OKLAHOMA - Infestations —
light. (Stiles). MISSOURI - Very small spots in few fields heavily in-
fested with Aphis gossypii. Parasitism increasing, expected to control in-
festations. (ag sou) ALABAMA - Infesting five of 45 fields in 11
southeastern counties. (Tyus). GEORGIA - Light infestations of Aphis
gossypii in Colquitt, Tift and Wilcox Counties. (Johnson). NORTH
CAROLINA - Parasitism heavy and population declining rapidly in east
central counties. (Farrier).

THRIPS - ARIZONA -Many fields in Maricopa, Pinal and Pima Counties
showed considerable blasting of squares where only one treatment was
made. Numerous squares on plants in similar fields where two or more
treatments made. (Ariz. Coop. Rept.). NEW MEXICO - Infestations
generally light in Dona Ana, De Baca, Socorro, Quay and Chaves Counties.
(Durkin, June 9). TEXAS - Light to medium infestations in southwest,
south central , east and north central areas. Light to heavy infestations
in upper coastal, central, northeast, northwest and south plains areas.
Medium infestations coastal, west central and west areas. Medium to
heavy infestations in north plains. Infestations heavy enough in some
early cotton in Falls and McLennan Counties to delay fruiting. (Fuller,
Martin). OKLAHOMA - Light to moderate in Pittsburg County. (Bryan).
Caused considerable stunting over much of State. Seems to be on decrease
at present. (Stiles). MISSOURI - Counts increased; 10 to 45 per 10
plants. Generally plants beyond stage of injury. (Kyd, Thomas).
ARKANSAS - Infestations in late-planted fields averaged 3.5 per plant in
Ashley County and 4 in Desha County. Damage ranged from light to heavy.
(Warren, Harrendorf, Barnes). LOUISIANA - Severe in young fields in
Tallulah area. (Gaines, Pfrimmer et al.). MISSISSIPPI - Damage still
evident in late planted cotton in delta counties. (Merkl, Furr et al.).
TENNESSEE - Damage continuing in younger cotton. Control used in
heaviest infestations. (Locke). ALABAMA - Infestations light in
southeastern counties. (Tyus).

FLEAHOPPERS - TEXAS - Light to medium infestations in upper coastal,
south central and northeast. Light to heavy infestations in north central
and coastal bend. Light infestations in central, northwest, south plains
and west central. Infestations noted in north plains and east. (Fuller,
Martin). OKLAHOMA - Nymphs showing up in southeastern counties.
(Coppock). ALABAMA - Infestations light in 11 southeastern counties.
(Tyus). Psallus seriatus and thrips abundant and causing some damage in
northern area. (Ruffin).

BROWN COTTON LEAFWORM (Acontia dacia) - TEXAS - Damaging infes-~
tations in Fort Bend County and light infestations in Brazoria County.
Heavy infestation in Grimes County. Considereble reduction in Falls and
McLennan Counties over previous week. (Fuller, Martin).

- 589 -

CABBAGE LOOPER (Trichoplusia ni)- ARIZONA - Fairly general in most

cotton fields from Maricopa to Santa Cruz Counties, June 8. (Ariz. Coop.
Rept. ). TEXAS - Infestations increased rapidly. "Ragging" cotton severe
in sections of the valley. (Fuller, Martin).

COTTON LEAF PERFORATOR (Bucculatrix thurberiella) - ARIZONA -
Fairly numerous on volunteer cotton in Eloy area. Moving into planted
fields, June 8. (Ariz. Coop. Rept. ).

CUTWORMS -:GEORGIA - Heavy infestations on young cotton in Sumter
County. (Dupree, June 8).

FLEA BEETLES - TENNESSEE - Populations increased and continue to
damage cotton in combination with thrips. (Locke).

GRASSHOPPERS - TEXAS - Light infestations in northeast and north
central areas, and in Yoakum County. (Fuller, Martin). OKLAHOMA -
Appearing in damaging numbers along turn rows, ditch banks and road-
sides bordering cotton fields. (Stiles).

A LEAFROLLER (Platynota stultana) - ARIZONA - Egg masses abundant
and few larvae present on 500 acres of cotton at Toleson, Maricopa
County in conjunction with spider mites. (Ariz. Coop. Rept. Ne

SPIDER MITES - ARIZONA - Heavy to moderate in 500 acres of cotton at
Tolleson, Maricopa County in conjunction with Platynota stultana. (Ariz.
Coop. Rept. ). NEW MEXICO - Light and spotty in Dona Ana, Chaves and
Eddy Counties. (Durkin, June 9). TEXAS - Increasing in lower valley
on untreated fields. Some damage in San Patricio County. Generally
noted or light in several other sections. (Fuller, Martin). ALABAMA -
Infestations light in 11 southeastern counties. (Tyus).

STALK BORER (Papaipema nebris) - MISSOURI - Light, marginal injury
occurring in scattered fields throughout cotton area. (Adkisson). MIssI-
SSIPPI - Larvae destroyed many cotton plants in Marshall County.
(Hutchins).

= FO =

FOREST, ORNAMENTAL AND SHADE TREE INSECTS

GYPSY MOTH (Porthetria dispar) - MASSACHUSETTS - First hatching in
southeastern area, May 12; general by May 16. MAINE - Surveys showed
only one area (about 200 acres) with population heavy enough to cause de-
foliation if untreated. This area treated in May. RHODE ISLAND - In-
festations continue low. (GMC Proj., May Rept. ).

SPRUCE BUDWORM (Choristcneura fumiferana) - MINNESOTA - Develop-
ing rapidly; fourth to sixth instars in northeast area. (Minn. Ins. Rept. ).

NANTUCKET PINE MOTH (Rhyacionia frustrana) - MISSOURI - First-
brood pupation completed and moth emergence beginning in central area.
(Kyd, Thomas). DELAWARE - Adults active on pines in northern New
Castle County. (Milliron).

PINE TUSSOCK MOTH (Olene plagiata) - WISCONSIN - Larvae scattered
throughout the jack pine area of the northwest. (Wis. Ins. Bul. ).

JACK PINE BUDWORM (Choristoneura pinus) - WISCONSIN - Light in two
areas of mature jack pine in Vilas County. Larvae plentiful in Douglas-
Washburn County area. (Wis. Ins. Bul.).

PINE BARK APHID (Pineus strobi) - MINNESOTA - Serious damage to
white pine in Morrison County. (Minn. Ins. Rept.). PENNSYLVANIA -
Severe on trunk and branches of pine in Somerset County. (Udine).

FOREST TENT CATERPILLAR (Malacosoma disstria) - WISCONSIN -
Widely scattered defoliation in northern area. (Wis. Ins. Bul.). WyYO-
MING - Heavy damage to ash, boxelder and fruit trees in Casper and Wor-
land. (Robb, June 9).

SPIDER MITES - NORTH CAROLINA - Extremely heavy local infestation
on Canadian hemlocks in Davie County. (Wray). MARYLAND - Spruce
spider mite abundant and injurious to spruce in Washington County. (U.
Md., Ent. Dept. ).

PINE SAWF LIES - NEVADA - A sawfly, probably Neodiprion sp., damag-
ing pines. at Carson City. (Lauderdale).

BARK BEETLES (Dendroctonus sp.) - TEXAS - Light general on loblolly
and shortleaf pine in Newton, Polk and Hardin Counties. (Davenport,
Smith).

PALES WEEVIL (Hylobius pales) - PENNSYLVANIA - Light to very exten-
sive feeding injury to pines, Jefferson County, June 5 (Adams); small
Gas appearing in cut pine stumps in Somerset and Bedford Counties.
Udine).

PINE SPITTLEBUG (Aphrophora parallela) - WEST VIRGINIA - Spittle
masses numerous on red and Austrian pine in Monongalia County.
(Dorsey, Hansen).

- 591 -

PINE TORTOISE SCALE (Toumeyella numismaticum) - PENNSYLVANIA -
Numbers on Austrian pine in Somerset County. (Udine).

SMALLER EUROPEAN ELM BARK BEETLE (Scolytus multistriatus) -
WISCONSIN - Up to June 6 found in 16 southern counties. (Wis. Ins. Bul. ).

EUROPEAN ELM SCALE (Gossyparia spuria) - WYOMING - Very heavy
on elms in Cheyenne. (Spackman, June 9). COLORADO - First crawlers
June 11 Larimer County. (Exp. Sta. ).

A NYMPHALID (Polygonia interrogationis) - WEST VIRGINIA - Abundant
on elm, oak, strawberry in southwestern counties, some damage. (Dor-
sey, Hansen).

A SAWFLY (Nematus parvus) - WASHINGTON - Considerable damage to
willow leaves in Yakima County. (Brannon, Kamal).

ELM SAWF'LY (Cimbex americana) - OKLAHOMA - Defoliation extensive
on isolated trees in Camp Gruber vicinity. (Coppock).

BIRCH LEAF MINER (Fenusa pusilla) - RHODE ISLAND - Heavy damage

to birch in some areas. Leaf areas of many trees 90 percent mined;

trees completely bronzed in appearance. (Steve). CONNECTICUT - Severe
damage on ornamental birch in Fairfield and New Haven Counties. (John-
son, Tunis, June 7).

A LOOPER (Phigalia titea) - WEST VIRGINIA - Defoliating oak and maple
in Barbour County. (Dorsey, Hansen).

SCALE INSECTS (Kermes sp.) - ARKANSAS - Causing some flagging of
oak trees in scattered locations over State. Most severe injury is to red
oak in Desha County. (Warren, Harrendorf, Barnes).

BOXELDER LEAF ROLLERS - UTAH - Serious defoliation of boxelder
trees at Clarkston; third successive year of damage there. (Knowlton).

CANKERWORMS - CONNECTICUT - Light general infestation of Alsophila
pometaria and Paleacrita vernata at New Haven. (Johnson).

APHIDS - UTAH - Rose aphids extremely abundant at Blanding, Moab and
Green River. (Knowlton). DEILAWARE - Cinara spp. numerous on Vir-
ginia pine in Petersburg area. (Milliron). VIRGINIA - Woolly alder
aphids (probably Prociphilus tessellatus) severe on maples in spotted areas
of Clarke County. (Gerkin).

FALL WEBWORM (Hyphantria cunea) - ARKANSAS - Appearing in light
numbers in southeast area. (Warren, Harrendorf, Barnes). VIRGINIA -
Appearing on shrubs in Campbell County. (Willey).

JAPANESE BEETLE (Popillia japonica) - VIRGINIA - Light on ornamentals
in Norfolk and Nansemond Counties. (Wood, Harrell).

5 592 =

BOXELDER BUG (Leptocoris trivittatus) - TEXAS - Heavy widespread on
wild chinaberry trees in Van Zandt County. (Hawkins).

ROSE CHAFER (Macrodactylus subspinosus) - WEST VIRGINIA - Heavy
attack on rose and raspberry over State. (Dorsey, Hansen).

BAG WORM (Thyridopteryx ephemeraeformis) - DELAWARE - Hatching
throughout State. (Milliron).

EUROPEAN EARWIG (Forficula auricularia) - RHODE ISLAND - Adults be-
coming active in Kingston and Jamestown area. (Caroselli, Steve).

INSECTS AFFECTING MAN AND ANIMALS

HORN FLY (Siphona irritans) - PENNSYLVANIA - Nearly all herds of cat-
tle in southwestern area Showing numbers (Udine), plentiful on cattle in
Franklin County. (Pepper). OKLAHOMA - Average 500-1500 per animal
on untreated cattle in north central area. (Howell).

MOSQUITOES - RHODE ISLAND - Aedes intrudens abundant and causing
considerable annoyance in Kingston area. (Hyland). FLORIDA -_A.
taeniorhynchus medium to heavy at Miami. (Mead, June 7). UTAH - Un-
usually troublesome; A. dorsalis numerous in some northern counties.
(Harmston, Fronk, Knowlton). OKLAHOMA -_Psorophora spp. numerous
and Anopheles punctipennis present in many parts of central and €astern
areas. Up to 50 larvae and pupae per dip in some Payne County streams.
(Howell).

BLACK FLIES (Simulium spp.) - MAINE - Reported biting first time this
Spang iat Presquesisilene une d3.. 9 (NIC PAGs = Haxoamotae):

FLIES - VIRGINIA - Musca domestica very heavy in poultry house in
Rockingham County. (Raffensperger). PENNSYLVANIA - Stable flies
abundant on cattle in Franklin County. (Pepper). OKLAHOMA - Popula-
tions in untreated barns in Stillwater area per scudder grill count: house
flies 160 -200, stable flies 10-15, blow flies 8-10. (Howell). ARIZONA -
Fly, mainly ‘Musca domestica, population indices of 2 small towns in
southeast Maricopa and northwest Pinal Counties: average of 5 highest
grill counts in 9 blocks June 3-9 was 51.8. (Ariz. Coop. Rept. ).

TABANIDS - RHODE ISLAND - Chrysops excitans abundant in Kingston
area. (Steve).

CATTLE GRUBS - NORTH DAKOTA - Heel flies disturbing numerous cattle
herds in Bottineau area. (N. D. Ins. Rept. ).

FLEAS - TENNESSEE - Many heavy infestations around homes. (Mullett). .

POULTRY LICE - VIRGINIA - Heavy in some flocks of turkeys in Rocking-
ham County. (Raffensperger).

5508 =

TICKS - WEST VIRGINIA:- Ticks especially heavy in eastern panhandle
and Wirt County. (Dorsey, Hansen). RHODE ISLAND - Dermacentor
variabilis continues to appear in abundance in Kingston area. (Steve).

BENEFICIAL INSECTS

LADY BEETLES - ILLINOIS - Extremely abundant, 40 adults and 120
larvae per 100 sweeps. (Ill. Ins. Rept.). OKLAHOMA - Convergent lady
beetles increased from 14 to 105 over last week in Payne County. (Fenton).

STORED PRODUCTS INSECTS

BOOKLOUSE (Liposcelis divinatorius) - OKLAHOMA - Heavy populations
in some stored products in Oklahoma and Payne Counties. (Thomas).

MISCELLANEOUS INSECTS

SOLPUGIDS - NEW MEXICO - Very numerous in many houses and garages
in Las Cruces area. (Durkin, June 9).

FIELD CRICKET (Acheta assimilis) - ARIZONA - Invading houses and dam-
aging clothing in Tucson. (Ariz. Coop. Rept. ).

ADDITIONAL NOTES

NEW YORK - PEA APHIDS.are very abundant in Tompkins County on
alfalfa, over one thousand per sweep. Damage severe some fields with
many tips being nearly killed and others severely injured. Also serious in
Hudson Valley. Infestation of MEADOW SPITTLEBUG generally reported
to be heaviest in recent years but may not be too destructive as fields are
being harvested. Farmers who harvest late will sustain substantial losses
in yields. (Wkly. Rept. ).

IOWA - EUROPEAN CORN BORER pupation complete throughout State.
Emergence 50-75 percent complete. Egg masses per 100 plants range
from 10-70, slightly more southward. Plants showing leaf feeding vary
from 2-10 percent as of June 16, with corn height varying from 6-50
inches. Populations of young GRASSHOPPERS range from 10 per square
yard in north to 100 or more in south two-thirds of State. Second crop
alfalfa is being eaten about as fast as it grows. -Hatch is complete over
most of State. Damage to various crops as continued drought lessens avail-
able vegetation. PEA APHIDS still abundant in alfalfa and clover, particu-
larly in eastern Iowa; 10-50 per sweep. LADY BEETLE adults and larvae
numerous and active in infested field. A COTTON CUTWORM attacking corn
fe ee: PERIODICAL CICADA in some numbers in Johnson County.
Harris).

- 594 -

CALIFORNIA - PEAR PSYLLA survey in Lake County indicated that

whole county can be considered infested though not all orchards are in-
volved. Populations still light. Infestations appear to be result of natural
flight from Potter Valley in Mendocino County where infestations first
found in 1955. BEET LEAFHOPPER - Curly top damage in the Imperial
Valley reported to total 5-10 million dollars this season. Estimated that
up to 1 1/2 million dollars loss occurred as a result of infection of flax
plantings, 1 1/2 million from sugar beets and almost total loss on 7000
acres of canning tomatoes. Severe local damage to cucurbits and other
host material. Survey for curly top on tomatoes in San Joaquin Valley
showed an average percent damage for Tulare County of .2 percent, Fresno
.4 percent, Madera .5 percent and Merced .6 percent. GRASSHOPPER
infestations contiguous with infestations previously reported in Kern, Kings
and Fresno Counties, present in dry grasslands in a 40-square mile area
in southeast Monterey County and northeast San Luis Obispo County aver-
age of 25 per square yard. Dominant species is Oedaleonotus enigma but
Camnula pellucida is dominant on 2000 acres. Infestations also in small
pasture areas in western Madera and Merced Counties. (Cal. Coop. Rept. ).

LOUISIANA - GARDEN WEBWORM severely damaging two fields of alfalfa
in Bossier Parish 300 per 100 sweeps. SPOTTED ALFALFA APHID gener-
ally light in Natchitoches, Red River, Bossier, and Caddo Parishes.

THREE CORNERED ALFALFA HOPPER infesting alfalfa at 85 per 100
sweeps Bossier Parish, 60 per 100 sweeps Natchitoches Parish, 75 per
100 sweeps Assumption Parish, and 58 per 100 sweeps Caddo Parish.
TARNISHED PLANT BUG 60 per 100 sweeps of alfalfa Assumption Parish,
80 per 100 sweeps of alfalfa Bossier Parish, 50 per 100 sweeps Natchi-
toches Parish and 45 per 100 sweeps Rapides Parish. CORN EARWORM
generally widespread in silking corn over State and infesting alfalfa at 30
larvae per 100 sweeps in Natchitoches Parish. COTTON FLEAHOPPER

at 16-30 per 100 feet row of cotton in three fields in Quachita Parish, 25
per 100 feet row in two fields in Bossier Parish, 20 per 100 feet row in

one field in Natchitoches Parish, 30 per 100 feet row in one field in Rapides
Parish. Three fields examined for BOLL WEEVIL damage with average

of 18 percent of squares punctured in Quachita Parish, 20 percent in two
fields in Bossier Parish, 30 percent in one field in Natchitoches Parish and
3 percent in one field in Rapides Parish. One very heavy population of
BOLLWORM in Avoyelles Parish on cotton treated for thrips control.
Bollworm populations also moderately heavy in Tensas and Franklin Par-
ishes. GARDEN WEBWORM attacking several cotton fields Caldwell Par-
ish. Considerable terminal injury to the plants. ,TARNISHED PLANT BUG
present in most cotton fields examined at 5-20 per 100 feet of row. FALL
WEBWORM heavy on pecan, wild cherry, plum and persimmon over south-
ern part of State from Natchitoches east to Clayton and south. BEAN LEAF-
BEETLE infesting cowpeas at 50 per 100 sweeps and lima beans at 22 per
100 sweeps in East Baton Rouge Parish. SOUTHERN GREEN STINKBUG
attacking okra at an average of one per two plants in East Baton Rouge Par-
ish, and on cowpeas at 16 per 100 sweeps. CONVERGENT LADY BEETLE
very heavy in most cotton and alfalfa fields in some parishes. LACEWINGS,
a nabid very abundant in alfalfa in northwest. Insidious flower bug very
abundant in cotton fields in Rapides, Natchitoches, Bossier and Caddo Par-
ishes. (Oliver).

- 595 -
WEATHER BUREAU'S 30-DAY OUTLOOK
Mid-June to Mid-July

The Weather Bureau's 30-day outlook for mid-June to mid-July calls for
temperatures to average below seasonal normals west of the Continental
Divide, in the North Atlantic States, and in the Gulf Coast Region. In the
remainder of the country above normal temperatures are predicted, with
greatest departures in the Mid-west. Precipitation is expected to exceed
normal in the northwest quarter of the nation and in the southern half of

the Mississippi Valley. Subnormal amounts are anticipated in the East and
Southwest, with near normal elsewhere.

Weather forecast given here is based on the official 30-day "Resume and
Outlook", published twice a month by the Weather Bureau. You can sub-
scribe through Superintendent of Documents, Washington 25, D. C. Price
$4. 80 a year, $2.40 for six months.

WEATHER FOR THE WEEK ENDING JUNE 18, 1956

The approach of summer was evident during the first half of the week as
daytime high temperatures soared into the 100's in South Dakota and Minne-
sota, to 117° at Yuma, Ariz., and above 90° from the Great Plains to the
East Coast, while nighttime lows near freezing were reported only at
higher elevations. A relief from these conditions was experienced as a
cold front moved into the country, beginning on Thursday in the extreme
Northwest and reaching the central Atlantic Coast by the end of the period.
Weekly temperatures averaged above normal over this area and by as much
as 13° in South Dakota. The Northwest and Gulf States, under the influence
of cloudy skies and heavy to moderate precipitation, were cooler than
other sections of the country with average temperatures departing from
normal by as much as 6° and 5° respectively.

The most outstanding single feature in the week's weather was the tropical
Storm which originated over the Gulf of Mexico early in the period. Devel-
oping drought situations in the middle Cotton Belt were relieved as 3 to 9
inches of rain fell over southern portions of Louisiana, Mississippi, and
Alabama with lesser amounts occurring over the remainder of these
States, and Arkansas and Tennessee. As a result of high winds and tides
which accompanied this storm, 1 death was reported in Louisiana, 3 lives
were taken in Mississippi as a tugboat sank, and some property losses
were reported.

Over central and northern portions of the country, thunderstorms accom-
panying the cold front brought shower activity with widely varying amounts
to scattered locations, such as 4.54 inches occurring at Tyler, Minn., on
June 16 and 3. 80 inches at Conception, Mo., on June 18. In the South from
central Texas westward no rain of consequence was reported. Warm tem-
peratures brought rapid plant growth to the Northeast, while in the Central
Plains the combination of high winds and intense heat caused rapid deple-
tion of topsoil moisture. Summary supplied by U.S. Weather Bureau.

- 596 -

Pseud. Agrotis Prod. Perid. Feltia Heliothis Protoparce Chor.

LIGHT TRAP COLLECTIONS unipun. ypsilon ornith. marg. subt. zea viresc. sexta quing. aux.

NORTH DAKOTA

Fargo 6/9-13 432 15
SOUTH DAKOTA
Brookings 6/11 218 2 23 6 105
COLORADO (Counties)
Mesa 5/26-5/29 5
Otero 6/1-6/3 8564
KANSAS
Manhattan 6/12-16 30 9 8 5 6 4
Hays 6/12-16 5 4
Garden City 6/11-13 3 1 3 4
MISSOURI (County)
Boone 6/9-15 174 11 8 iki 13
TEXAS
College Station 6/1-15 11 2
Waco 6/9-15 8 27 12 32 22 266
ARKANSAS
Clarksville 5/31-6/8 Bi, 47 31 9
Hope 6/8-14 1 2 1 48
Stuttgart 6/6-13 34 6 88 iil
Fayetteville 6/9-15 175 52 1 97
LOUISIANA
*Tallulah 6/10-15 7 5 882 42 109 348 22 89 3}
MISSISSIPPI (Counties).
Coahoma 6/9-15 121 8 13 35 581
Humphreys 55 2 37 32 7 139
Lauderdale 3 6 100
Oktibbeha é 14 40 245 12 35 18 5
*Washington 6/8-14 254 84 491 132
TENNESSEE (Counties)
Lawrence 6/5-11 19
Maury 136 32 8 64 24 17 21
Robertson 96 48 16 80 32 30 53
Cumberland 6 12 8 3 4
Knox 104 48 24 64 4
Greene 72 80 16 56 40 12 45
Blount 34 30 96 7 4
Johnson 168 120 56 40
GEORGIA (Counties)
Tift 6/3-9 35 46 64 154 66 106 12 1
Spalding 6/2-8 2 8 10 7 31 92 6 2
FLORIDA P
Monticello 6/7 19 3
Gainesville 6/13 34 10 5
Homestead 6/6 7 6 34 2
SOUTH CAROLINA (Counties)
Charleston 5/28-6/3 2 2 4 1 9 7 1 5
Florence 6/2-6/8 4 13 15 13 31 142 52 14 6
Oconee 6/10-16 22 8 21 5 6 Sh/ 2 10 1
NORTH CAROLINA (Counties)
Duplin 6/13-14 2 4 1 2 10
Johnston 6/13-14 5 11 2
VIRGINIA (County)
*Pittsylvania 6/3-9 80 1274
PENNSYLVANIA
State College 6/10-16 79 10
OHIO (County)
Athens 6/1-6 152 16
INDIANA (Counties)
Lawrence 6/6-12 435 6 1 al 5 1
Tippecanoe 6/7-14 221 2 10
ILLINOIS
Urbana 6/8-14 735 38 102 7

_ Other collections: Louisiana - (Tallulah, June 10-15): Laphyqma frugiperda, 7.
*Three traps Tallulah, La. ahd)|Pittsylvania Co., Va.; Two traps Washington Co., Mississippi.

= oy =

DISTRIBUTION MAPS OF RANGE GRASSHOPPERS
IN TEE UNE ED Si AES

By R. C. Newton and A.B. Gurney, Entomology Research Branch,
Aciaiculkiinmalerescacch Sermvdee) mW. .o.DssAe

In response to the increased interest in range grasshoppers, especially
in States west of the Mississippi River, maps have been prepared to show
the known distribution of the most important species. While less than a
dozen species of grasshoppers cause most of the damage to cultivated
crops in the United States more than 100 species feed on range vegetation
and many of them often live together on a section of grazing land. It is
believed that these maps will be useful to field men in grasshopper re-
search and control. They may also serve to stimulate interest in the
preparation of distribution maps for other economic insects.

The information on which the maps is based was taken mainly from four
sources: 1. Records and specimens in the Bozeman, Montana, Labora-
tory of Entomology Research Branch, ARS, USDA, beginning with data
gathered in 1934; 2. Specimens in the U. S. National Museum; 8. Speci-
mens in the Museum of Zoology, University of Michigan; and 4. Records
considered to be trustworthy in recent literature, including the valuable
series of papers on Orthoptera of\ various States written by Morgan He-
bard. Distribution records for a small number of species were obtained
at the Academy of Natural Sciences of Philadelphia, through the courtesy
of James A. G. Rehn. Records were also taken from an unpublished list
of South Carolina grasshoppers compiled by Franklin Sherman of Clemson
Agricultural College.

The work of compiling the records was started by Fred Morton of the
Bozeman laboratory in 1939 and continued by him until 1943, when it was
taken over by the senior author. Others who have worked on the project
are Lee Seaton, 1943 to 1948, and C. O. Esselbaugh, 1949 and 1950. J.
R. Parker, for years in charge of the Bozeman laboratory, encouraged
in various ways the preparation of the maps. R. L. Shotwell of the Boze-
man laboratory and Claude Wakeland and other personnel of the Grasshop-
per Control Project, ARS, USDA, supplied collections of grasshoppers
from which part of the records were made. Special acknowledgment is
due T. H. Hubbell for supplying records of material at the University of
Michigan and for identifying most of the Michigan specimens.

A large percent of the Bozeman specimens were identified by Fred Skoog
of the Bozeman laboratory. Responsibility for identifying National Muse-
um material, for choosing published records, and for checking the sci-
entific names of the grasshoppers, rests with the junior author. Detailed
notes on distribution are filed at the U. S. National Museum and informa-
tion based on them is available on request.

Each map shows the known county distribution of a grasshopper species
for the entire United States. There are, however, many gaps in the

- 098 -

records, especially for States east of the Mississippi River where little
attention has been paid to range grasshoppers. The distribution of many
of the species is without doubt much more extensive than shown on the
maps.

Many grasshopper species are made up of several subspecies which
usually are geographically defined aggregates of local populations differ-
ing from one another only in minor morphological characters. However,
because the distribution between subspecies in many cases is not well
understood, all subspecies have been grouped as well as possible under
one of the species. As further taxonomic work is done there may be
changes in the groupings of subspecies, in concepts and in scientific
names.

The distribution maps are to be published from time to time in the Coop-
erative Economic Insect Report over the next year or two. They will be
numbered consecutively and appear at the end of the Report so that
readers may detach them easily and file them all together. The first four
maps appear in this issue.

Cooperative Economic Insect Report
6(25) June 22, 1956

- 599 -
DISTRIBUTION OF RANGE GRASSHOPPERS

Acrolophitus hirtipes (Say)

. Sa
L, 2 te aul

~—

\

ma

Prepared by Ent. Res. Br., ARS, USDA
CEIR 6(25) June 22, 1956

Px SSS ——e——— ee er

- 600 -
DISTRIBUTION OF RANGE GRASSHOPPERS

9g maak

Wy
yy
I)

Mt

(Thos. )

bulli

iY

Aeoloplides tenuipennis (Scudd. )

Aeoloplides turn

Prepared by Ent. Res. Br.,ARS, USDA
CEIR 6(25) June 22, 1956

ie 3
ba ed

*

at aay
Rae

AL RESEARCH SERVICE

BN ul 4g

ARTMENT OF AGRICULTURE

< v

AGRICULTURAL RESEARCH SERVICE

PLANT PEST CONTROL BRANCH

PLANT PEST SURVEY SECTION

The Cooperative Economic Insect Report is
Issued weekly as a service to American Agri-
culture. Its contentsare compiled from informa-
tion supplied by cooperating State, Federal, and
industrial entomologists and other agricultural
workers. In releasing this material the Branch
serves as a clearing house and does not assume

responsibility for accuracy of the material.

Reports and inquiries pertaining to this release
should be mailed to:

Plant Pest Survey Section
Plant Pest Control Branch
Agricultural Research Service
United States Department of Agriculture
Washington 25, D. C.

Volume 6 June 29, 1956 Number 26
COOPERATIVE ECONOMIC INSECT REPORT

Highlights of Insect Conditions

GRASSHOPPERS continue a major problem in Iowa and are heavy in
Douglas and Boulder Counties, Colorado, and some areas of Wyoming.
Damage appearing in several Utah counties. Heavy hatch in many Wiscon-
Sin areas and hatch continues in Minnesota and northwest Illinois, but
largely complete in Missouri where nymphs are abundant in wide areas and
damage is increasing. Controls underway or planned in several States.
(pp. 603, 628). EUROPEAN CORN BORER situation may be generally
serious in Illinois and Kentucky has heaviest infestation since 1950. In-
festation severe in early corn in northern Alabama and heavy on corn in
eastern and central Maryland. Egg-leying underway in Minnesota and
Wisconsin and continues in several other States. Development two weeks
later than 1955 in Ohio. (p. 604. )

Heavy populations of CHINCH BUG continue in local areas of Kansas and
in some areas of Missouri. Damage to row crops in these States and north-
eastern Illinois. Also reported from southeastern Iowa. (pp. 605, 628).
FALL ARMYWORM building up in southwest Louisiana. (p. 605). CUT-
WORMS continue to damage corn in northeastern Nebraska and northeastern
Illinois. Moderate to severe damage in many Indiana counties. (p. 606).

CORN EARWORM egg and larval counts abnormally high in early sweet
corn in Oklahoma and unusually heavy infestations in corn in Louisiana.
Eggs numerous on Sweet corn in Iowa. (pp. 607, 628). SOUTHERN

CORN ROOTWORM adults more numerous than for several years in Illinois
Cornmelds:) (po: 607).

ALFALFA WEEVIL causing serious loss in some areas of Oregon and _
Idaho. Heavy infestation in Big Horn Cainty, Wyoming; Butte and Lawrence
Counties, South Dakota and areas of Utah. (p. 608). SWEETCLOVER
WEEVIL injury worst in Polk County area in Minnesota than for past four
years. Defoliation up to 50 percent in northeastern North Dakota. (p. 608).

SPOTTED ALFALFA APHID reported from Mississippi for first time.
Appearing for first time this year in Idaho and Colorado. Common in un-
treated fields in New Mexico but damage not as severe as same time last
year. Some build-up in local areas of Texas and Utah but populations re-
main low in areas of Kansas, Missouri and Oklahoma. (p. 608). PEA
APHID abundant in alfalfa areas of Colorado and New York, remains higher
than expected for time of year in Kansas and still exceptionally numerous
in northwestern Illinois. This aphid is also abundant on peas in areas of
Wisconsin and Colorado. (pp. 609, 616, 627). SWEETCLOVER APHID
reported from California for first time. ‘This species is abundant on sweet-
clover in south central Pennsylvania and causing serious injury in Polk
County, Minnesota. (p. 609). PLANT BUGS are numerous in legume
fields in many States. (p. 610).

- 602 -

ORCHARD MITES numerous in untreated orchards in southern Indiana and
some areas of Michigan. Also heavy in orchards in some counties of New
Mexico, Maryland and South Carolina. (p. 611). WALNUT CATERPILLAR
more serious on pecan in coastal Mississippi area than previously re-
corded. (p. 613). A LEAF-FOOTED BUG (Leptoglossus stigma) reported
from Dade County, Florida. As far as known, new recora for United

States: (p. 612).

BEET WEBWORM building up on sugar beets, peas and alfalfa in Colorado.
(p. 614). COLORADO POTATO BEETLE very abundant in southern Idaho
heavier in eastern Oregon than for several years, seriously damaging
tomatoes in Cook County, Illinois, and may be a problem on potatoes in
northwestern Minnesota. (p. 614). TOMATO HORNWORMS causing heavy
damage to tomatoes in Oklahoma and appearing on tomatoes in Delaware.
(p. 615). POTATO LEAFHOPPER heavy in some potato fields in Wiscon-
sin and very abundant on potato in Brookings, South Dakota area. Appearing
in Red River Valley of Minnesota and increasing in Delaware. (p. 615).
FLEA BEETLES abundant on potatoes in northern Red River Valley of
Minnesota and North Dakota. (p. 617). STRIPED CUCUMBER BEETLE
unusually numerous and damaging in Iowa. (p. 628).

BOLL WEEVIL activity increasing in eastern areas of Texas and western
Tennessee. Overwintered weevils heavy in fields of older cotton in Arkan-
sas and large numbers in some fields in North Carolina. About 25 percent
square infestation in southwestern Alabama and 24 percent at Tallulah,
Louisiana. (p. 619). BOLLWORMS active in cotton across the Cotton
Belt. (p. 620). THRIPS damage to cotton has been unusually severe in
Arizona and damage continues on late cotton in areas of South Carolina,
Tennessee and Texas. (p. 621).

FOREST TENT CATERPILLAR causing defoliation in areas of Wisconsin
and Oregon. (p. 622).

MOSQUITOES continue heavy in counties of Utah, Colorado, Louisiana and
North Carolina. (p. 625).

WEATHER summary. (p. 618).
ADDLEEIONAL, NOES 3 (os 16217):
STATES reporting this week - 42.
CORRE CMIONS a: (oan OZ):

So RRR RK AK

Reports in this issue are for the week ending June 22 unless otherwise
designated.

- 603 -
CEREAL AND FORAGE INSECTS

GRASSHOPPERS - WYOMING - Control measures will be applied on total
of 170, 000 acres in Johnson, Park, Hot Springs, Goshen, Platte, Sheri-
dan and Converse Counties. Areas indicating 20 per square yard in 1955
adult survey are showing 40-100 per square yard in 1956 nymphal survey.
(Spackman, June 16). IDAHO - Nymphs light to moderate in farm land in
Franklin County; damage minor. Four thousand acres near Leadore has
reinfestation of Bruneria sordida, average of 50 per yard. (Roberts,
Evans). COLORADO - Heavy in Douglas and Boulder Counties. Control
started in Las Animas and Baca Counties. (Ext. Serv.). NEW MEXICO -
Light to medium on croplands in seven counties in northern half and
medium to heavy in Mora and Bernalillo Counties. (Durkin, June 16).
Control measures to be applied to about 240, 0CO acres of rangeland in
Union, Harding, Quay and Lea Counties. A 20, 000-acre infestation of
Camnula pellucida with 15-50 nymphs per square yard in Harding County.
(Grass. Cont. Proj., June 16). UTAH - Becoming more conspicuous and
damage appearing in several counties. Aulocara elliotti 30 percent adults
and damaging small grains and range plants in some areas of Tooele
County. Adult Melanoplus spp. and Trimerotropis spp. appearing. (Chinn,
Biggs, Knowlton). OKLAHOMA - Slight damage to young sorghums in
most western and southern counties. M. differentialis reducing alfalfa
seed production in Garvin, Cleveland and Logan Counties. (Coppock).
Heavy in Ada area. First and secondinstarsin Texas and parts of Cimar-
ron and Beaver Counties average 30-40 per square yard. (Flora).

TEXAS - Medium to heavy widespread populations in Jack County. (Hulsey).
Medium to heavy locally in Erath County. (Wood). Medium widespread in
pastures in Rockwall County. (Hawkins). KANSAS - Controls applied on
about 32,000 acres of rangeland in Comanche County; populations of 35 to
D0 per square yard reduced to less than one. Populations moderate to
heavy in many local areas of State and nymphs, nearing adulthood, moving
into corn and alfalfa. (Matthew, GHC Proj. etal.). SOUTH DAKOTA -
Forty-three M. femur-rubrum nymphs per 50 sweeps in one red clover
field in Lincoln County. (Hantsbarger). NORTH DAKOTA - Infestations
localized and scattered. Concentrations in alfalfa and barley field mar-
gins in Cass and Steele Counties. (N. D. Ins. Rept.). WISCONSIN -
Heavy hatches of economic grasshoppers in many sections. The main
hatch of Melanoplus femur-rubrum has begun. Most reports from western
area but many nymphs in Waushara, Adams and Dane Counties. In north-
eastern Portage County 18-20 nymphs per square yard. A minimum of 100
first and second instar M. femur-rubrum per square yard on field edges
damaging soybeans in La Crosse and Trempealeau Counties. (Wis. Ins.
Bul. ). MINNESOTA - Average of 50-100_M. femur-rubrum and M.
bivittatus per square yard in southeast and hatching continues. (Minn. Ins.
Rept. ). ILLINOIS - Hatching in northwestern area, abundant in western
area. (Ill. Ins. Rept.). MISSOURI - Melanoplus hatch largely complete
over State. Heavy nymphal counts, 15 to over 200 per square yard, gen-
eral in southwest and northwest quarters and scattered in northeast area.
Damage to row crops still mostly in margins though dispersal occurring

in southwest area. Alfalfa, red clover and pastures uniformly infested and
damage increasing. (Kyd, Thomas). GEORGIA - A lubber grasshopper

- 604 -

is heavy on grass and shrubbery in Lincoln County. (McGee, June 15).
ALABAMA - Considerable numbers of M. femur-rubrum in local areas
of northern counties. (Eden).

EUROPEAN CORN BORER (Pyrausta nubilalis) - KANSAS - Jarvae in
some cornfields in Kansas River Valley, east central area. From O-
percent of plants infested. Some third-instar larvae. Midrib feeding and
stalk entry observed. (Burkhardt). NEBRASKA - About 10 percent of
early-planted corn showing feeding activity in northeast area. From 14-
42 egg masses per 100 plants in this area. In southeastern area 25-40
percent of early-planted corn showing feeding. (Andersen, Roselle).
SOUTH DAKOTA - Twenty-four egg masses per 100 plants in southeastern
area, some shot-holing. Corn 32-34 inches extended height. (Hantsbar-
ger). MISSOURI - Egg-laying complete in southeast and larvae range from
second to fifth instars, some pupation. Infestation 4-32 percent on corn
7-8 feet tall. Egg-laying practically complete in central area. Average

of 15 masses per 100 plants in northwest area. (Burdett). ILLINOIS -
Moth emergence nearly complete in all areas except northeast. Egg-lay-
ing near or past peak in north central and northern sections; rapidly de-
clining in central and western sections. Mortality of pupae mentioned

last week beneficial in some areas. Considering number of eggs yet to be
laid and susceptibility of many cornfields, appears borer will be generally
Serious. | Heaviest egg mass Counts ace inveast Central Section where they
range trom 13 to 67O0'per 100 plants) of 30-50 inch corn. (M1: Ins. Rept):
WISCONSIN - Development accelerated greatly. Adult emergence in Colum-
bia County was up to 52 percent, June 19. Egg masses in Dane, Grant,
Pepin and Adams Counties. (Wis. Ins. Bul.). MINNESOTA - From 0-
12 egg masses per 100 plants in west central area. Peak moth flight and
egg deposition expected during week ending June 29. (Minn. Ins. Rept. ).
INDIANA - Developing rapidly. (Lehker). ALABAMA - Rather severe in
early corn in northern area. Some first-generation larvae fourth instars.
(Eden). KENTUCKY - Heaviest general infestation since 1950. Corn
planted before May 10 generally heavily infested. Peak hatch passed and
shot-hole injury was at peak in southwestern area June 15 and in central
area June 22. (Rodriguez). MARYLAND - Heavy in field corn on Eastern
Shore and in central counties. Thirty-six percent infestation in Dorchester
County. Infesting wheat and potatoes in Caroline County. Borer more
abundant than usual for time of year. (U. Md., Ent. Dept.). DELAWARE =
Injury appearing on corn over State. (Milliron).

MORMON CRICKET (Anabrus simplex) - WYOMING - Number of small
bands in Fremont, Johnson, Campbell and Crook Counties, June 16.
(Spackman). IDAHO - Scattered moderate populations on 3000 acres of
rangeland in Payette County; control underway. (Evans, Gittins, June 15).
UTAH - Practically all adults in Daggett and Tooele Counties. Fifteen
thousand acres controlled in Uintah County where populations were 10-15
per square yard. Four infestations involving 2,500 acres. (Chinn, Biggs,
Knowlton).

SOUTHERN CORNSTALK BORER (Diatraea crambidoides) - ALABAMA -
Prevalent in corn in northern area. Mixed infestations with European
corn borer and corn earworm. (Eden).

- 605 -

Set i Armyworms as Reported Week Ending 6/23
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@ Moths appearing
EEE General areas of larval infestations -

* Two traps Washington Co., Miss. ; three at Tallulah, La.

ARMY WORM (Pseudaletia unipuncta) - WISCONSIN - Third and fourth in-
stars in small numbers in alfalfa, corn and small grain in Waupaca,
Light infestation

Waushara, Pepin, Jackson and Green Lake Counties.
throughout State. (Wis. Ins. Bul.). MINNESOTA - Found in grasses in

Brown, Wantonwan, Redwood and Wabasha Counties. Larvae, mostly
half-grown, averaged 2-6 per square foot some areas. (Minn. Ins. Rept. ).

ARMYWORMS - INDIANA - Local infestations in nearly all counties but
no area-wide outbreaks. (Lehker).

CHINCH BUG (Blissus leucopterus) - KANSAS - Heavy populations continue
in local areas of central, south central, southeast and east central coun-

ies. ) Plants in many melds on sorghum and cornadjacent to harvested
small grain seriously injured or destroyed. From a few bugs to over
several hundred per square foot. (Matthew). ARKANSAS - Damaging in-
festation on corn in Clay County. (Warren, Harrendorf, Barnes).
ILLINOIS - Adults, 170 per 100 plants, damaging corn in northeastern
Some replanting due to drought and chinch bug damage. (Ill. Ins.

Seculon:
MISSOURI - Heavy numbers continue to migrate from small grain

Rept. ).
to corn and sorghums, especially in northwest quarter of State. Some

Sudangrass planted after barley heavily damaged. (Kyd, Thomas).

FALL ARMYWORM (Laphygma frugiperda) - LOUISIANA - Building up on
grasses in several southwest parishes; up to 200 per sweep. Damaging

seedling rice in Jefferson Davis and Iberville Parishes and seedling corn
in East Baton Rouge Parish. (Oliver).

- 606 -

CUTWORMS - IDAHO - Red-backed cutworms stripping clovers in Valley
County; about 1,000 acres showing 50 percent or more damage. One 70-
acre field completely destroyed. These cutworms also appearing in
spotted infestations in Twin Falls area. (Gittins, Evans, June 15).
NEBRASKA - Euxoa detersa infestations continue severe in northeast area.
Second planting of corn destroyed some areas. Activity nearing comple-
tion. (Roselle). INDIANA - Moderate to severe damage in many counties,
mostly northern. (Lehker). ILLINOIS - Heavy damage to corn continues
in northeastern area. (Ill. Ins. Rept.). PENNSYLVANIA - Several corn-
fields replanted in Huntingdon County. (Udine).

SOUTHWESTERN CORN BORER (Zeadiatraea grandiosella) - OKLAHOMA -
Tunnels in 6 percent of corn stalks in Major County, 10 percent in Dewey
County. In complex with corn earworm also damaging whorls. (Coppock).
ARKANSAS - First-generation larvae maturing in southwestern counties
and adults of second brood appearing. (Boyer).

YELLOW-STRIPED ARMY WORM (Prodenia ornithogalli) - DELAWARE -
Light in corn at Slaughter Beach, numerous in alfalfa at Cedar Creek.
(Milliron).

LESSER CORNSTALK BORER (Elasmopalpus lignosellus) - ARIZONA -
Severe on 80 acres of soybeans Pinal County, June 16. (Ariz. Coop. Rept.).
LOUISIANA - Continues to severely damage seedling corn in East Baton
Rouge Parish. (Oliver). FLORIDA - Heavily infesting field peas at Jay,
Santa Rosa County. (Johnson, June 6).

CORN ROOT APHID (Anuraphis maidi-radicis) - DELAWARE - Abundant in
parts of cornfields in Sussex County. (Milliron).

ENGLISH GRAIN APHID (Macrosiphum granarium) - COLORADO - Heavy
on barley in Mesa County. Predation and parasitism developing. (Exp.
Sta. ).

CORN LEAF APHID (Rhopalosiphum maidis) - COLORADO - Heavy on
barley in Mesa County. (Exp. Sta.). OKLAHOMA - Populations reduced
in most southwestern and southern counties. Lady beetles active. (Cop-
pock).

LEAF MINERS - WASHINGTON - Unusually abundant in leaves of sweet
corn at Toppenish; damage expected to.increase. (Landis). ARIZONA -
Liriomyza sp. adults extremely abundant in alfalfa in Pinal and Maricopa
CouniTiesHe (Ariz Coop Nepin):

RICE WATER WEEVIL (Lissorhoptrus orysophilus)- LOUISIANA-Considerable
feeding in southwest area. (Oliver).

SAY STINK BUG (Cholorochroa sayi) - NEW MEXICO - Heavy in barley,
oats and wheat in Valencia, Quay and De Baca Counties. (Durkin, June 16).

WHEAT STEM SAWFLY (Cephus cinctus) - WASHINGTON - Adults active
in orchard grass grown for seed near Pullman. (Johansen).

- 607 -

\ Corn earworm as Re orted Week Ending 6 20

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\ ' So\
Peo see '

----4

———
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Numbers = Moths trapped

en arVyaleimniesvawons a 63

* Two traps Washington Co. , Miss. ;three at Tallulah, La.

CORN EARWORM (Heliothis zea) - ARIZONA - Heavy in seed alfalfa field
in Maricopa County. (Ariz. Coop. Rept.). OKLAHOMA - #gg and larval
populations abnormally high on early plantings of sweet corn over State.
(Walton). NEBRASKA - Light on corn in southeastern area; 3-4 larvae
per 10 plants. (Andersen). MISSOURI - Eight to 60 percent infestation
in whorls in corn in southeast area. Most larvae nearly full-grown,
moth flight light and eggs very scarce on silks. Some foliage damage on
soybeans. (Kyd, Thomas). LOUISIANA - Heaviest infestation in years
on corn. (Oliver). NORTH CAROLINA - Average 3.2 eggs per suitable
silk at Faison. (Farrier). MARYLAND - Light on field corn in Dor-
echesrer: Coumbyay (UraMvide a timta Depts):

SOUTHERN CORN ROOTWORM (Diabrotica undecimpunctata howardi) -
ILLINOIS - Adults more numerous than for several years in cornfields.
(iMeeimsy Rept):

WIRE WORMS - IDAHO - Light damage in dryland wheat areas of Oneida
and Cassia Counties. (Gittins). WISCONSIN - Damage to corn continues
in Iowa County. (Wis. Ins. Bul.).

LESSER CLOVER LEAF WEEVIL (Hypera nigrirostris) - IDAHO - Severe
damage to blossom buds in some red clover seed fields in Nez Perce and
Latah Counties; up to 50 percent some fields. Larval size varies, no
pupation. (Manis). PENNSYLVANIA - Adults abundant in red clover in
Lancaster County. (Pepper).

- 608 -

ALFALFA WEEVIL (Hypera postica) - OREGON - Serious losses to hay
crops in Malheur-Adrian area. Populations high in most fields, with
sweeps averaging up to 60 larvae. Baker County alfalfa severely damaged.
(Goeden). WYOMING - Heavy infestation on alfalfa in Big Horn County,
June 16. (Stahle). IDAHO - Very abundant in southern area, extensive
damage untreated fields. New growth severely retarded some fields in
Twin Falls area. Heaviest damage in Franklin County; some untreated
fields have damage as high as 40 percent and show 30-40 larvae per sweep.
(Gittins, Manis, Cook). UTAH - Moderate to severe in first-crop un-
treated alfalfa. (Knowlton). NEBRASKA - Increasing, 9 larvae per sweep
in northwestern area. (Andersen). SOUTH DAKOTA - Up to 500 larvae in
10 sweeps in Some untreated fields in Butte and Lawrence Counties. (Lof-
gren). DELAWARE - Continues to injure untreated second-growth alfalfa.
(Milliron).

SWEETCLOVER WEEVIL (Sitona cylindricollis) -IDAHO - Light damage on
most sweetclover in southwestern and west central areas. (Gittins, June
15). MINNESOTA - Injury worst around Grand Forks than for past 4 years;
most sweetclover plowed down. (Minn. Ins. Rept.). NORTH DAKOTA -
Defoliation from trace to 50 percent in seedling sweetclover in northeastern
Buccal, (Ne Ie? Ibals; IREioIes ))-

SPOTTED ALFALFA APHID - CALIFORNIA - Difficult to find in northeast
Glenn County. (Cal. Coop. Rept.). ARIZONA - Infestations noticeable in
areas of Maricopa and Pinal Counties. Convergent lady beetle often num-
erous. (Ariz. Coop. Rept.). IDAHO - First infestation this year found in
Oneida County where population building up rapidly on alfalfa. Scattered
winged forms noted. (Gittins). COLORADO - Taken for first time this
season June 11 in southeastern area. Moderate to heavy in Prowers County.
Scattered light infestations in Bent and Otero Counties. None taken in Pueblo
County. (Exp. Sta.). NEW MEXICO - Common in untreated fields in southern
two-thirds of State. Light in northwest corner. Damage not as severe this
year as at this time last year. (Durkin, June 16). UTAH - Caused little
serious damage to first-crop alfalfa except in Washington County. Some
spread recently. (Knowlton). Build-up in Millard County. (Davis). TEX-
AS - Light in Val Verde, Kinney Counties (Richardson), Brazos and Burle-
son Counties (Randolph). Heavy on alfalfa in Maverick County (Randolph)
and building up in several alfalfa fields in Brazos River bottoms (Davis).
OKLAHOMA - Continuing low in southwestern, southern and central coun-
ties; generally less than 10 per sweep. (Coppock). Moderate damage in
isolated fields of Major, Payne and Woods Counties. (Flora). KANSAS -
Remains at non-economic level generally throughout State and there are no
known threatening populations. (Matthew). NEBRASKA - None found in
southeastern area or in Republican River Valley. (Hill, Andersen).
MISSOURI - Remains low in southwest area. First collections in southeast
corner of State made in Stoddard and Scott Counties. (Kyd, Thomas). AR-
KANSAS - Declined in Lafayette, Miller, Howard and Nevada Counties.
(Warren, Harrendorf, Barnes). MISSISSIPPI - Found on alfalfa in Washing-
ton Co., 663 specimens per 50 Sweeps Davis, King). Specimens collected
recently from alfalfa at Powell, Coahoma County, and submitted by Cotton
Insect Section have been determined as this species by L. M. Russell.
These are first reports of this species from Mississippi.

- 609 -

PEA APHID (Macrosiphum pisi) - IDAHO - Moderate in most alfalfa
fields in south central and southeastern areas. (Gittins). COLORADO -
Abundant in most alfalfa areas of State. Wery high populations on alfalfa.
(Exp. Sta.). KANSAS - Populations remain higher than expected for time
of year. Considerable numbers in some alfalfa fields in northeast area.
(Burkhardt). NEBRASKA - Increasing on second-crop alfalfa; 80-125 per
sweep in northwest, 60-150 in southeast. (Andersen). ILLINOIS -- Still
exceptionally numerous in northwestern area. (Ill. Ins. Rept.). PENN-
SYLVANIA - Fairly heavy on alfalfa in Montour, Columbia and Northum-
berland Counties. (Gesell). Appearing on second-cutting alfalfa in
Huntingdon County. (Udine). CONNECTICUT - From 300-500 per sweep
in some alfalfa fields in Fairfield and Litchfield Counties, June 12, how-
ever, alfalfa being harvested. (Tunis).

SWEETC LOVER APHID (Myzocallidium riehmi) - MINNESOTA - Building
up rapidly in new seedings of sweetclover in western Polk County. Serious
injury many fields. A syrphid parasite abundant in many fields. (Minn.

Ins. Rept.). CALIFORNIA - Found in Imperial County on sweetclover

NOU EAC MEM IGS tNGeOOGi TOrm States Dev. IRs. Dicksone (Harper):

NORTH DAKOTA - Aphids, probably this species, infesting from 10-100
percent of plants in seedling and mature sweetclover in northern Red River
Valley counties. Average of 21 aphids per seedling in some fields. No
particular damage in mature fields but seedlings show some yellowing.
(N.D. Ins. Rept. ). PA. -Abundant sweetclover south central area. (Pepper).

THRIPS - NEW MEXICO - Extremely numerous in alfalfa and small grain
fields. (Durkin, June 16). OKLAHOMA - Injuring alfalfa blooms and seed
pods in Jackson County. (Coppock). NORTH CAROLINA - Attacking pea-
nuts locally in Duplin, Nash and Richmond Counties. (Scott et al.).
GEORGIA - Heavy infestations throughout peanut area of south Georgia.
(Johnson). DELAWARE - Anaphothrips obscurus abundant on corn in
several locations. (Milliron).

THREE-CORNERED ALFALFA HOPPER (Spissistulus festinus) - TEXAS -
Fifty to 100 per 100 sweeps on alfalfa in Brazos and Burleson Counties.
(Randolph). LOUISIANA - From 44-94 per 100 sweeps in alfalfa in five
parishes. (Oliver).

MEADOW SPITTLEBUG (Philaenus leucophthalmus) - MARYLAND - Adults
numerous in alfalfa in central area, 3-17 per sweep. (U. Md., Ent. Dept.).

SPITTLEBUGS - CONNECTICUT - Population relatively high for State;
29-50 per square yard in some alfalfa in Fairfield and Litchfield Counties,
June 12. (Tunis).

SEED-CORN MAGGOT (Hylemya cilicrura) - DELAWARE - Considerable
loss of seedling soybeans near Harbeson. (Stearns).

GREEN CLOVERWORM (Plathypena scabra) - DELAWARE - Very numerous
in alfalfa at Cedar Creek. (Milliron).

- 610 -

PLANT BUGS - WISCONSIN - Numerous in all alfalfa fields checked.
Adelphocoris lineolatus more numerous than A. rapidus or Lygus lineo-
laris. Other species numerous in some fields. Nymphs ranged 6-12 per
sweep in 10 counties. (Wis. Ins. Bul.). MINNESOTA - Lygus sp. and
Adelphocoris sp. average 1-2 per sweep in alfalfa in Roseau County, con-
siderable damage to buds. Plant bug population very high in Crookston
area where most fields being cut. (Minn. Ins. Rept. ).

LYGUS BUGS - IDAHO - Lygus bugs extremely abundant on uncut alfalfa
in Oneida County; 10 nymphs and 5 adults per sweep. Four to 5 per
sweep, mostly Lygus hesperus, in Franklin County. (Gittins, Scott).
COLORADO -_Lygus populations 200 per 100 sweeps in alfalfa seed pro-
ducing area, Crowley County. (Ext. Serv.). NEW MEXICO - Lygus
elisus and L. hesperus building up in recently untreated alfalfa seed fields.
Counts in Dona Ana County range from 5 to 50 adults and nymphs per 100
sweeps. (Durkin, June 16). UTAH - Generally numerous to very
abundant. Some damage. (Knowlton). ARIZONA - Most abundant injuri-
ous insects in alfalfa seed fields in Maricopa and Pinal Counties. One
field in Pinal County had 30 adults and 500 nymphs per 10 sweeps. (Ariz.
Coop. Rept.). LOUISIANA - L. lineolaris continues to increase in clover
and alfalfa; 60-180 per 100 sweeps in several parishes. (Oliver).

POTATO LEAFHOPPER (Empoasca fabae) - MARYLAND - Adults average
1-2 per sweep on alfalfa in central counties, no damage. (U. Md., Ent.
Dept.). DELAWARE - Increasing in second-growth alfalfa. (Milliron).
PENNSYLVANIA - Three adults per ten sweeps in alfalfa and potato in
south central area. (Pepper).

GARDEN WEBWORM (Loxostege similalis) - KANSAS - Although present
in many alfalfa fields in Kansas River Valley, infestations non-economic.
(Burkhardt). SOUTH DAKOTA - Heavy, 10-15 per square foot, in wheat
field in Lyman County. (Lofgren). LOUISIANA - Declinine in alfalfa in
Bossier and Natchitoches Parishes. (Oliver). MISSOURI - A few fields
of corn damage in west central and northwest areas. (Kyd, Thomas).

WE BWORMS (Loxostege sp.) - OKLAHOMA - Slight to moderate damage
to alfalfa seed production in Greer, Jackson, Tillman and Carter Counties.
Thirty-five larvae per 10 sweeps in Greer County. Considerable spraying
in Altus area. (Coppock). NORTH DAKOTA - Damaging soybeans in
Richland ‘County. (N: D: Ins.” Rept: ):

ALFALFA WEBWORM (Loxostege commixtalis) - WYOMING - Damaging
alfalfa in Lincoln County, June 16. (Larson).

BEAN LEAF BEETLE (Cerotoma trifurcata) - DELAWARE - Numerous
on soybeans at many places in Kent and Sussex Counties. (Milliron).

BLISTER BEETLES - IDAHO - Heavy populations, 3-4 adults per sweep,
in alfalfa in Franklin County. (Gittins). KANSAS -Epicauta spp. building
up in many areas. (Matthew).

RED-NECKED PEANUTWORM (Stegasta bosqueella) -GEORGIA - Moder-
ate on peanuts some counties. (Johnson, McGill).

- 611 -

FRUIT INSECTS

ORIENTAL FRUIT MOTH (Grapholitha molesta) -C ONNECTICUT - First
adults in peach orchards in Hartford and Tolland Counties. (Tunis,

June 11). INDIANA - Second-brood larval injury expected to be extremely
light in Vincennes area. (Hamilton). MICHIGAN - Second instars numerous
in succulent twigs at Saint Joseph, Stevensville and Eau Claire. (Hutson,
June 16). IDAHO - Abundant second-generation adults appearing in peach
orchards in Canyon County. (Vail).

ORCHARD MITES - NEW MEXICO - Tetranychus telarius heavy on apple
trees in Dona Ana and Grant Counties. (Durkin, June 16). UTAH -T.
mcdanieli beginning to appear generally in orchards in Weber and Box
Elder Counties. Clover mite causing pronounced damage in untreated
erchards. (Davis, Knowlton). ILLINOIS -_Metatetranychus ulmi increas-
ing in Carbondale area. Two to 4 mites and 3 to 5 eggs per leaf common.
(Chandler). MICHIGAN -_M. ulmi numerous on unsprayed plums at Paw
Paw, South Haven, Shelby and Hart. (Hutson, June 14). INDIANA - In-
creasing rapidly in Orleans area. Counts showed 538 per 200 leaves with
many eggs. Several leaves had more than 25 mites per leaf. (Marshall).
M. ulmi populations high where control not used in Vincennes area.
(Hamilton). SOUTH CAROLINA - Extremely heavy infestations at Wal-
halla. (Nettles). MARYLAND - Present in heavy numbers in some or-
chards invHancock area. (Ur. Nida; vant. Dept. ).

CODLING MOTH (Carpocapsa pomonella) - WASHINGTON - Moth activity
depressed in Yakima Valley. (Luce). NEW MEXICO - Infested approxi-
mately 80 percent of fruit in one orchard in Dona Ana County. Adults
trapped in Sandoval County. (Durkin, June 16). UTAH - Flight at peak

in Cache County. (Knowlton). MISSOURI - New entries in Kansas City and
St. Joseph areas. Other parts of State activity low. (Wkly. Rept. Fruit
Grow. ). WISCONSIN - First adult trapped in Door County, June 10. Lay-
ing eggs on cherry and apple, and young larvae attacking fruit. Active in
Crawford County. (Wis. Ins. Bul.). ILLINOIS - Second-brood entrances
predicted about July 2 or 3 in Carbondale area. (Chandler). INDIANA -
Second-brood entries should occur from July 17 to 23 in Orleans area.
(Marshall). Emergence nearing completion in Vincennes area. (Hamil-
ton). CONNECTICUT - Emergence in cages heavy in Tolland County. (Tunis,
6/11). MD, - Heavy in crab apples in Baltimore County.(U. Md. , Ent. Dept. ).

UNSPOTTED TENTIFORM LEAF MINER (Callisto geminatella) - PENN-
SYLVANIA - Second-generation adults beginning to appear on apple in
south central area. (Pepper). MARYLAND - Second-brood larvae in
orchards in Hancock and Indian Spring area. (U. Md., Ent. Dept. ).

ROSY APPLE APHID (Anuraphis roseus) - CONNECTICUT - Populations
building up very rapidly. (Tunis, June 11). RHODE ISLAND - Light to
medium infestations in neglected apple orchards in Hope. (Steve).
PENNSYLVANIA - Winged forms migrating off apples rapidly in south cen-
tral area. (Pepper).

- 612 -

PLUM CURCULIO (Conotrachelus nenuphar) - CONNECTICUT - Oviposi-
tion heavy on apples, peaches, and pears. (Tunis, June 11). ILLINOIS -
Second brood expected June 30 or July 1 in Carbondale area. Generally
low infestations. (Chandler). MICHIGAN - Numerous in unsprayed or-
chards at Grand Rapids, Sparta and Kent City. (Hutson, June 17). GEOR-
GIA - Few complaints of damage. Second-generation egg deposition ex-
pected after June 26. (Snapp).

APPLE APHID (Aphis pomi) - PENNSYLVANIA - Becoming abundant on
water sprouts of apple in south central area. (Pepper).

SAN JOSE SCALE (Aspidiotus perniciosus) - WASHINGTON - Infestation
may-be lighter than usual on prunes. Migrating form present in Yakima
Valley. (Luce).

CURCULIOS - RHODE ISLAND - Curculio punctures very heavy on un-
sprayed apple, peach and cherry fruits in Johnston, Oaklawn and Kingston
areas. (Steve).

EYE-SPOTTED BUD MOTH (Spilonota ocellana) - WISCONSIN - Most severe
infestation in years in Door County cherry orchards. Pupation beginning.
(Wiseeiniseisuiles):

EUROPEAN APPLE SAWFLY (Hoplocampa testudinea) - CONNECTICUT -
Larvae migrating. Infestations moderate to severe on early-blooming
apple in Fairfield and New London Counties. (Tunis, June 11).

EUROPEAN CORN BORER (Pyrausta nubilalis) - DELAWARE - Destroying
growing tips of apple and entering fruits at Bridgeville. (Stearns).

PEAR LEAF BLISTER MITE (Eriophyes pyri) - UTAH - Quite apparent in
pear trees in Roy area. Appearing elsewhere in scattered instances.
(Davis, Knowlton).

PEAR PSYLLA (Psylla pyricola) - CALIFORNIA - Found June 14 on pear
near Cuttings Wharf, Napa County. First record for county. (Cal. Coop.
Rept. ).

PEAR-SLUG (Caliroa cerasi) -OREGON - Infestations severe but local on
sour cherries in Ontario area June 13. (Goeden).

PERIODICAL CICADA (Magicicada septendecim) - WISCONSIN -Causing
concern to orchardists in southwestern area. New reports from Crawford
County.) (Wise nse Bulls):

. PECAN NUT CASEBEARER (Acrobasis caryae) - OKLAHOMA - Of 200
pecan clusters observed in 2 stops in Carter County, 88 to 96 percent
destroyed by larvae. (Coppock).

A LEAF-FOOTED BUG (Leptoglossus stigma) - FLORIDA - Adults averag-
ing 1 per 20 sweeps collected on lychee, south of South Miami, Dade
County. New record for United States. (Det. Hussey) (Mead, DeLeon).

- 613 -

GRAPEBERRY MOTH (Paralobesia viteana) - MICHIGAN - Adults
abundant at Paw Paw, Saint Joseph and Sodus. (Hutson, June 13).

A LEAF ROLLER (Archips rosana) - OREGON - Up to 50 percent of
leaves on filberts rolled up in several orchards surveyed in Marion
County. Many adults observed. (Capizzi).

AN APHID (Myzocallis coryli) - OREGON - Building up on untreated filbert
with an average of 30-40 per leaf. (Capizzi).

ROSE CHAFER (Macrodactylus subspinosus) - WISCONSIN - Quite heavy
in light soils of western areas and causing damage to grapes and raspber-
ries. (Wis. Ins. Bul.). RHODE ISLAND - Adults abundant and feeding
on various plants in Johnston, Warwick and Providence areas. (Steve).

WESTERN PEACH TREE BORER (Sanninoidea exitiosa graefi) - WASH--
INGTON - Nine pupae and no larvae in 2 peach trees at Wawawai, June 16.
(Johansen).

WALNUT CATERPILLAR (Datana integerrima) - MISSISSIPPI - Pecan trees
in Harrison County seriously injured. Damage extends to other coastal
counties. Damage more serious in this section than previously recorded.
(McGehee).

TRAE AK AC EK EA KK 2K EK OK A OK AK OK A OK A ROK KK EK

WEATHER FOR THE WEEK ENDING JUNE 25, 1956

Hot weather continued over the central and southern Plain States with daily
maximums of 90° to over 100° being reported on all days and weekly temper-
ature averages exceeding the normals by 7 to 9° from Kansas to Illinois.
Coastal areas were modified somewhat by maritime effects, and cool
weather prevailed on most days in the Northeast and Northwest where aver-
age temperatures were below normal by 7 along the Washington-Oregon
line and 6° in northern New Hampshire. The eastern portions of the country
and north-central Border States were generally quite warm, but received
occasional relief with the passage of cold fronts. Thunderstorms and
showers characterized the weekly precipitation pattern. Rain fell on most
days in the extreme Northwest, while showers depositing varying amounts
were generally well distributed in the Great Lakes region, over the Gulf
and southern Atlantic coastal areas, and along the Canadian Border from
western Montana through Minnesota. Heavy local showers occurred in most
of the Great Plains States bringing relief where they fell, while another rain-
less week prolonged the dry spell in the Southwest. Although scattered
showers occurred along the central and northern Atlantic Coast, many
sections which have been repeatedly missed are in need of rain. The same
is true in some central sections of the country where in addition the extreme
heat has caused reduction of soil moisture and some deterioration of crops.
Flash floods, strong winds, and hail accompanying thunderstorm activity
brought some damage to scattered areas. Hail destroyed 2, 000 acres of
grain in Tehama County, Calif. on the 19th, and did about one-half million
dollars damage to wheat in Weld and Morgan Counties, Colo. on the 17th.
(Summary supplied by U.S. Weather Bureau).

- 614 -
TRUCK CROP INSECTS

BEET LEAFHOPPER (Circulifer tenellus) - CALIFORNIA - Survey of to-
mato fields for curly top infection in area from Los Banos to Mendota ad-
jacent to foothills on west side of San Joaquin Valley averaged O to 3.3 per-
cent infection. One field 7 percent. Natural infectivity of leafhoppers
carrying virus ran from 1 to 12 percent. A survey in Imperial Valley ran
from 3 to 20 percent leafhoppers per sweep of net. This condition seemed
general. Beets seemed to be heavily infected with curly top and tomato
fields had from 18 to 68 percent damage. (Cal. Coop. Rept. ).

BEET WEBWORM (Loxostege sticticalis ) - COLORADO - Larval infesta-
tions building up on sugar beets, peas and alfalfa. In canning peas as
many as 200 per 100 sweeps taken. Insecticides being applied in Larimer,
Weld and Boulder Counties. (Exp. Sta. ).

ALFALFA WEBWORM (Loxostege commixtalis) - WYOMING - Very heavy
infestation on beets in Big Horn County, June 16. (Stahle).

EUROPEAN CORN BORER (Pyrausta nubilalis) - NORTH CAROLINA -
Few severe infestations in potato vines in Pamlico County. (Stoval, Rabb).
DELAWARE - Found in potatoes at Dover and southward to Georgetown
where severe infestations existed. (Milliron).

COLORADO POTATO BEETLE(Leptinotarsa decemlineata)- WASHINGTON-
Larvae damaging potatoes in untreated fields in Yakima Valley. (Landis).
OREGON - Higher population in Malheur County than for several years.
(Goeden). IDAHO - Populations very abundant throughout all southern
Idaho. (Gittins, Kohl, Manis). MINNESOTA - Causing foliage injury to
potatoes in Polk County. Infestations spotty. May be a problem on pota-
toes north of Crookston. (Minn. Ins. Rept.). ILLINOIS - Seriously dam-
aging tomato plantings in Cook County area. Untreated fields being rapidly
destroyed. (Ill. Ins. Rept.). NORTH DAKOTA - Mostly light infestations
on potatoes in Red River Valley. Several early fields in Walhalla area
‘averaged 1 adult per 2 plants and egg masses at same ratio. Some hatch-
ing. (N. D. Ins. Rept.). DELAWARE - Troublesome on untreated pota-
toes over State. (Milliron).

SPINACH LEAF MINER (Pegomya hyoscyami) - COLORADO - Damage to
Spinach and sugar beets in Chaffee, Fremont, Pueblo, Larimer, Weld,
Adams, Alamosa and Rio Grande Counties. (Exp. Sta., Ext. Serv., Chem.
Ind. ). IDAHO - Light spotted infestations in some sugar beet fields in
Minidoka County. (Priest).

WIREWORMS - IDAHO - Causing injury to potatoes on new land plowed out
of sagebrush in Bingham County. (Gittins).

TUBER FLEA BEETLE (Epitrix tuberis) - WASHINGTON - Adults averaged
5 per 10 sweeps in untreated potato fields near Toppenish. (Landis).

- 615 -

TOMATO HORNWORMS (Protoparce spp.) - OKLAHOMA - Heavy damage
to tomatoes in widespread areas of State. Average population from 2 to
5 per plant. (Walton). MISSISSIPPI - Damage to tomato plants in Alcorn
County. (Langston). DELAWARE - Appearing on tomatoes generally.
(Milliron).

TOMATO FRUITWORM (Heliothis zea) - OKLAHOMA - Damage is in-
creasing. (Walton).

TARNISHED PLANT BUG (Lyqus lineolaris) - DELAWARE - Numerous
on potatoes from Smyrna southward. Unusually prevalent on snap beans
at Middletown. (Milliron).

STINK BUGS - TEXAS - Heavy widespread populations on tomatoes in the
Palestine area. Attacking the fruit and foliage of most truck crops.
(Stephenson).

SPIDER MITES - TEXAS - Very heavy on several fields of tomatoes in
Robertson County. (Davis).

RED-BACKED CUTWORM (Euxoa ochrogaster) - IDAHO - Considerable
damage occurring in beet fields north of Rupert. Populations averaged iL
to 2 per plant. (Gittins, Priest).

POTATO APHID (Macrosiphum solanifolii) - MARYLAND - Light to mod-
erate on tomatoes in Carroll and Somerset Counties. (U. Md., Ent. Dept. ).
DELAWARE - Numerous on potatoes and tomatoes in several locations.
(Milliron).

POTATO PSYLLID (Paratrioza cockerelli) - COLORADO - Emergence
reaching peaks on matrimonyvine. No evidence of parasitism in late-
instar nymphs. (Exp. Sta. ).

POTATO LEAFHOPPER (Empoasca fabae) - WISCONSIN - Heavy popula-
tions in some potato fields. Estimated 15-20 per plant on blossoming
potatoes in Pepin County. Heavy on snap beans Pepin County. (Wis. Ins.
Bul. ). MINNESOTA - Appearing in Red River Valley area. If warm
weather persists, a serious problem may occur about July 6. (Minn. Ins.
Rept. ). SOUTH DAKOTA - Exceedingly abundant on potato in Brookings
area; from 200 to 300 per 5 sweeps. (Severin). DELAWARE - Increasing
on untreated planting everywhere. (Milliron).

POTATO FLEA BEETLE (Epitrix cucumeris) - WISCONSIN - Heavy pop-
ulations on potatoes and tomatoes in most sections. Shot-holing lima
beans in Trempealeau County and infesting cabbage in La Crosse County
at 10-15 per plant. (Wis. Ins. Bul.). PENNSYLVANIA - Second genera-
tion adults beginning to feed on potato in York County. (Pepper).
DELAWARE - Abundant on potatoes near Milton. (Milliron).

SALT-MARSH CATERPILLAR (Estigmene acrea) - DELAWARE - Eggs

- 616 -

on potatoes near Dover. Destructive to cabbage at Newark. (Milliron).

LEAF-FOOTED BUG (Leptoglossus phyllopus) - NORTH CAROLINA -
Some damage to potatoes in Transylvania County. (Davis, Scott).

LYGUs BUGS (Lygus spp. ) - WASHINGTON - Unusually abundant on pota-
toes following cutting of alfalfa hay at Wapato. (Landis).

LEAF HOPPERS - IDAHO - Very abundant on pole beans in Franklin County.
Damage moderate. Causing mild injury in alfalfa and potato fields in
Malad area. (Roberts, Gittins). NEW MEXICO - Empoasca sp. heavy in
home vegetable gardens and elm trees in Las Cruces. (Durkin, June 16).

GREEN PEACH APHID (Myzus persicae) - WASHINGTON - Migration to
potatoes starting earlier than usual in Yakima Valley. (Landis).

GARDEN FLEAHOPPER (Halticus bracteatus) - DELAWARE - Very prev-
alent on potatoes at Milton and on tomatoes and squash at Ellendale.
(Milliron).

PEA WEEVIL (Bruchus pisorum) - UTAH - Requiring control in several
northern counties. Populations in several areas above normal. (Knowl-
ton). WASHINGTON - Populations very low, only 0 to 1 per 25 sweeps in
pea fields in Pullman area. (Johansen).

PEA APHID (Macrosiphum pisi) - WISCONSIN - Large populations on
early peas. In some counties difficult to find early peas that did not need
treatment. From 27-64 aphids per sweep of 12 inch net in 6 counties
Increasing rapidly on late peas; some fields have 20-25 per sweep. Some
northern counties show increases also; 2-7 per sweep. (Wis. Ins. Bul. ).
COLORADO - Continue abundant in pea-growing area. (Exp. Sta. ).
WASHINGTON - Populations low in peas, only 6 to 30 per 25 sweeps. Did
not overwinter on alfalfa in Pullman area. (Johansen).

MEXICAN BEAN BEETLE (Epilachna varivestis) - MASSACHUSETTS -
Very abundant in some fields. (Crop Pest Cont. Mess.). UTAH - Infest-
ing beans in several counties. (Knowlton, Burningham). MARYLAND -
Heavier than normal on beans in most sections. (U. Md., Ent. Dept. ).
DELAWARE - Injurious to beans in several locations. (Milliron).

COWPEA CURCULIO (Chalcodermus aeneus) - ALABAMA - Considerable
damage to cowpeas in southeastern area. First-generation larvae emerg-
ing from pods. (Blake).

BEAN LEAF BEETLE (Cerotoma trifurcata) - MARYLAND - Considerable
Bes to foliage in untreated snap beans in all sections. (U. Md., Ent.
Dept. ).

APHIDS NEW MEXICO - Heavily infesting 80 acres of chili peppers in
Valencia County. (Durkin, June 16). TEXAS - Light to heavy local popu-

= Gil

lations on greens in Cockran County. (Thompson).

IMPORTED CABBAGEWORM (Pieris rapae) - MARYLAND - Butterflies
abundant in central Maryland and on Eastern Shore. (U. Md., Ent. Dept.).
DELAWARE - Troublesome on cabbage and kale generally. Adults very
conspicuous. (Milliron).

DIAMONDBACK MOTH (Plutella maculipennis) - COLORADO - Damaging
cabbage in Alamosa County. (Chem. Ind.). DELAWARE - Increasing in
all untreated cabbage plantings. (Milliron).

CABBAGE LOOPER (Trichoplusia ni) - DELAWARE - Abundant on cabbage
and kale at Georgetown. (Milliron).

WESTERN BLACK FLEA BEETLE (Phyllotreta pusilla) - IDAHO - Very
abundant in cabbage fields north of Preston. Damage to newly-set plants
minor to heavy. Fields being treated. (Johnson).

SEED-CORN MAGGOT (Hylemya cilicrura) - MICHIGAN - Attacking germi-
nating squash at Hart, Shelby and Fremont. (Hutson). PENNSYLVANIA -
Seed pieces of potatoes badly infested resulting in very poor stand in Sus-
quehanna County. (Gesell).

HARLEQUIN BUG (Murgantia histrionica) - TEXAS - Heavy local popula-
lations on turnips, rape and carrots in Glasscock County. (Werst).

A FALSE CHINCH BUG (Nysius raphanus) - FLORIDA - Adults averaging
327 per 25 sweeps on young bean plants near Perrine, Dade County. (Mead).

A TORTOISE BEETLE (Agroiconota bivittata) - OKLAHOMA - Larvae and
adults causing heavy foliage damage to sweetpotatoes in several vicinities
of eastern area. (Walton).

GOLDEN TORTOISE BEETLE (Metriona bicolor) - DELAWARE - Adults
numerous on sweetpotatoes north of Georgetown. (Milliron).

FLEA BEETLES - COLORADO - Heavy damage to cabbage in Alamosa and
Rio Grande Counties. (Chem. Ind.). UTAH - Common in gardens and
some sugar beet fields in several counties. (Davis, Knowlton), MINNESO-
TA - Abundant around East Grand Forks on potatoes. As high as 80 per
plant or 300-400 per 20 sweeps and up to 5 percent defoliated. (Minn. Ins.
Rept. ). NORTH DAKOTA - More abundant than usual in most commercial
potato fields throughout northeastern Red River valley. Heaviest popula-
tions in outer field margins. (N. D. Ins. Rept. ).

SWEETPOTATO FLEA BEETLE (Chaetocnema confinis) - DELAWARE -
Abundant on Sweetpotatoes east of Georgetown. (Milliron).

STRIPED CUCUMBER BEETLE (Acalymma vittata) - SOUTH CAROLINA -
Heavily infesting 5 acres of cantaloup at Aiken. (Mellette). OKLAHOMA-

- 618 -

Spreading bacterial wilt in cucumbers in many fields. (Walton). RHODE
ISLAND - Adults, 3 per plant, on squash plantings in Johnston. (Steve).

ONION THRIPS (Thrips tabaci) - DELAWARE - Injury on onions throughout
State, particularly heavy in Georgetown area. (Milliron).

ONION MAGGOT (Hylemya antiqua) - IDAHO - Adults very abundant in
Canyon County. (Manis, June 15).

WHITEF LIES (Aleyrodes spp. ). - MICHIGAN - Abundant in strawberry
plantings at Coruma. (Hutson).

TWO-SPOTTED SPIDER MITE (Tetranychus telarius) - WISCONSIN - Dam-
age heavy and extensive on western area strawberries. Present on rasp-
berries. (Wis. Ins. Bul.). IDAHO - Very abundant on strawberries and
raspberries in Franklin County. Damage to small fruits heavy. (Roberts).

STRAWBERRY LEAF ROLLER (Ancylis comptana fragariae) - CONNECTI-
CUT - Light infestations on strawberries in Tolland County. (Tunis, June
11). OREGON = Very numerous in strawberry planting at'The Dalles.
(Larson). IDAHO - Locally heavy infestations in Canyon County. About
100 percent pupation occurred. Heavy infestations in Boise vicinity of

Ada County. (Vail). MINNESOTA - Infestations heavy in LaCrescent area.
(Minn. Ins. Rept. ).

RED-NECKED CANE BORER (Agrilus ruficollis) - WISCONSIN - Numerous
in western Wisconsin raspberries. (Wis. Ins. Bul. ).

RASPBERRY CANE BORER (Oberea bimaculata) - WISCONSIN - Damaged
new canes in western area. (Wis. Ins. Bul. ).

TOBACCO INSECTS

TOBACCO BUDWORMS (Heliothis spp.) - SOUTH CAROLINA - Heliothis
virescens much more abundant in all localities than in 1955. (Lewis, Allen;
June 16). TENNESSEE - Very low in central area. (Mullett). GEORGIA -
Heavy infestations H. virescens in Tift, Colquitt, Thomas, Grady and
Worth Counties. (Johnson). NORTH CAROLINA - General over entire
flue-cured region. Some fields 25 percent infested and others without dam-
age. (Farrier, Rabb, et al.).

GREEN PEACH APHID (Myzus persicae) - GEORGIA - Moderate infesta-
tions on tobacco in Tift, Thomas, Grady and Worth Counties. Light infées-
tations in Colquitt and Mitchell Counties. (Johnson).

THRIPS - NORTH CAROLINA - Very abundant on lower leaves of some to-
bacco plants in Granville County. No economic injury. (Chamberlin).

CABBAGE LOOPER (Trichoplusia ni) - SOUTH CAROLINA - General infes-
tation occurred on tobacco over most of State. (Lewis, Allen, June 16).

- 619 -

SUCKFLY (Cyrtopeltis minimus) - NORTH CAROLINA - First of season
seen on tobacco in Columbus County. (Rabb, Burton).

TOBACCO HORNWORMS (Protoparce spp. ) - TENNESSEE - Very low in
central area. (Mullett) NORTH CAROLINA - Average per 25 plants was
4 eggs and 10 small larvae in Forsyth County and over 10 eggs and 7 small
larvae in Rockingham County. (Hobbs, Hux). County-wide infestation in
Hoke County. (Williford). Averaged 1 larva and 1 egg per plant in east
central counties. (Farrier), MARYLAND - Started to feed on tobacco in
southern Maryland. (U. Md., Ent. Dept. ).

TREE CRICKETS - NORTH CAROLINA - Rather numerous in some fields
of young tobacco; some feeding damage. (Chamberlin).

FLEA BEETLES - MARYLAND - Quite heavy on newly-set plants in Anne
Arundel County. (U. Md., Ent. Dept.). SOUTH CAROLINA - First brood
Epitrix ets Bee aban appearing in numbers in a few fields. (Lewis, Allen,
June 16).

SNAILS - NORTH CAROLINA - Locally severe on burley tobacco in Yan-
cey County. (Dillingham).

STINK BUGS - SOUTH CAROLINA - Nezara viridula and Euschistus servus
appeared in few fields. (Lewis, Allen, June 16).

COLTON INSECTS

BOLL WEEVIL (Anthonomus grandis) - TEXAS - Becoming principal prob-
lem in lower Rio Grande Valley where migration underway. (Deer). Con-
tinuing to increase in upper coastal, east and northeast areas. (Turney,
Martin). Survival percentage in hibernation cages in McLennan and Falls
Counties as of June 22 as follows: 0.06 in 1956 and 10.76 in 1955. Infesta-
tion averaged 21 percent punctured squares in 13 untreated fields and 4.3
percent in 13 early-treated fields. (Parencia et al.). OKLAHOMA - Num-
ber per 100 feet of row remains low, except in Choctaw County where num-
ber ranges from 1 to 10. A large brood expected in about 3 weeks. (Stiles).
ARKANSAS - Overwintered weevil infestation high in fields of older cotton,
Southeast, southwest and central areas with heaviest infestations. Egg
punctures in extreme southwest and southeast. (Warren, Harrendorf,
Barnes). MISSOURI - Evidence of successful overwintering observed in
southern Dunklin County where one field had less than 1 percent egg-laying
punctures. (Adkisson, Thomas). LOUISIANA - An average of 24 percent
Square infestation found in 15 fields in Tallulah area. An average of 295
weevils per acre in 24 of 28 fields examined. Percentage of survival in
cages to June 21 was 1.4 in 1956 compared with 1.3 in 1955. (Gaines,
Pfrimmer et al.). In 16 fields in 6 parishes the average infestation ranged
from 4 to 39 percent. (Oliver). MISSISSIPPI - In delta counties number of
weevils per acre ranged from 0-528. Percent punctured squares averaged
6.8. (Merkl, Furr et al.). ALABAMA - Of 31 fields examined in 7 south-
western counties 31 found infested with average square infestation of 25. 3

- 620 -

percent. (Tyus). Infestations general over Crenshaw, Henry and Houston
Counties. Newly-emerged adults appearing. (Arant). GEORGIA - Per-
cent square infestation in treated fields in 14 counties ranged from 15-40
percent and from 35-75 percent in untreated fields. (Johnson). In 16 of 17
fields in 6 counties infestations averaged 218 weevils per acre. (Beckham).
SOUTH CAROLINA - Average infestation in 35 counties June 18: treated
fields 6 percent , untreated 18 percent. (Cott. Lett. ). Survival percent-
age to June 22 was 6.7 compared with 5.3 to same date in 1955. In 9 un-
treated fields examined in Florence County, square infestations averaged
14 percent and in 8 treated fields in same county averaged 7 percent.
(Walker et al.). NORTH CAROLINA - Emergence during week spotty with
some counties again showing large numbers in some fields. More weevils
than last season with numbers similar to 1953. (Cott. News Lett. ).
TENNESSEE - Becoming more active in southwestern counties. Feeding
in terminal buds in fields without squares but considerable damage to fields
ae a squares. Average number of weevils per infested acre was 250.
Locke).

BOLLWORMS (Heliothis spp. et al.) - ARIZONA - Two to 4 per plant in
one field in Pinal County. Increasing in Sahuarita area of Pima County
week ending June 15. (Ariz. Coop. Rept.). TEXAS - Moderate damage in
numerous fields across lower Rio Grande Valley. (Deer). In 33 fields in
McLennan and Falls Counties average of 2 eggs and 0. 2 larva per 100 term-
inals. Square injury averaged 1. 2 percent in 21 fields. (Parencia et al. ).
OKLAHOMA - Found in a number of fields especially in Caddo County.
(Stiles). MISSOURI - Range from 0-4 per 100 terminals and egg counts
O-1 per 100 terminals. Larvae approaching maturity. (Adkisson, Thomas).
ARKANSAS - General light infestations. (Warren, Harrendorf, Barnes).
LOUISIANA - Generally light over State with some fields in Rapides and
Natchitoches Parishes having up to 20 percent. (Oliver). Eggs found in

33 of 39 fields in Tallulah area at average rate of 4.9 per 100 terminals,
larvae in 21 fields at rate of 2.4 per 100 terminals. (Gaines, Pfrimmer
et al.). MISSISSIPPI - General in cotton and beginning to injure squares in
Oktibbeha County. (Bennett, Hester). Some fields of early cotton had 90
percent of first squares damaged in untreated fields. Between broods in
delta counties. (Merkl, Furr et al.). ALABAMA - Of 31 fields examined
in 7 southwestern counties 31 averaged 9.3 eggs per 100 terminals. Aver-
age square infestation in 7 fields of 31 examined was 2.6 percent. (Tyus).
GEORGIA - Examination of fields in 18 counties showed 10-30 eggs per 100
terminal buds in treated areas and 15-46 in untreated areas and larvae 1-5
in treated fields and 2-10 in untreated fields. (Johnson). TENNESSEE -
Eggs found in several fields in southwestern area. ‘This is first find for
season and only few larvae seen. (Locke).

PINK BOLLWORM (Pectinophora gossypiella) - TEXAS - In 8 coastal bend
counties bloom inspections made in 393 fields and 111 or 28. 2 percent found
infested; in 1955, out of 398 fields inspected 59 percent infested. Infesta-
tion per 100, 000 blooms for the 2 years was 33 pink bollworms in 1956 and
154 in 1955. Increase in Dimmit, La Salle, Zavala, Maverick and Uvalde
Counties. In 1956, out of 39 fields inspected 82 percent infested, in 1955
out of 38 fields inspected 68 percent infested. Infestations in this area for

- 621 -

1956 and 1955 ran 296 and 266 pink bollworms per 100, 000 blooms. First
reports from further upstate indicate there will be an increase in the coast-
al cores and those along the lower Brazos River. (PBWCont. Proj.,
June 1-15

SPIDER MITES - NEW MEXICO - Tetranychus telarius light in most cotton-
growing areas of State. (Durkin, June 16). TEXAS - Continue to increase
in lower Rio Grande Valley. (Deer). Increasing in some untreated fields.
(Turney, Martin), SOUTH CAROLINA - Some present in 6 widely-scattered
counties. (Cott. Lett., June 18). GEORGIA - Heavy on cotton in Haral-
son County. (Johnson, June 18).

APHIDS - SOUTH CAROLINA - Building up on plants throughout Cherokee
and Chester Counties. (Cott. Lett., June 18). OKLAHOMA - Cotton aphid
populations very low to nonexistent in most fields. (Coppock), NEW MEX-
ICO - Aphis medicaginis and A. gossypii generally light. Few heavily in-
fested spots in some fields in several counties. (Durkin, June 16).

THRIPS - SOUTH CAROLINA - Decreasing on older cotton in Piedmont
counties but still severe on most late-planted cotton. (Cott. Lett., June
18), TENNESSEE - Damage continues to small cotton in southwestern area.
Some fields still in two-leaf stage due to severe thrips injury. (Locke).
ARIZONA - Damage heavier this year on cotton than for a number of years.
Many plants 10-12 inches high have no squares set. (Ariz. Coop. Rept. ).
NEW MEXICO - Light to medium with only a few fields showing damage in
several counties. (ola: June 16). TEXAS - Heavy on young cotton in
northwest, north and south plains areas. (Turney, Martin). Injurious in-
festations in late-planted untreated fields in McLennan and Falls Counties.
(Parencia et al.). OKLAHOMA - Generally low populations in southwestern
area. (Coppock).

CUTWORMS - GEORGIA - Heavy infestations; cutting leaves and stems off
young cotton in Spalding County. (Dupree, June 15).

STALK BORER (Papaipema nebris) - MISSOURI - Larvae destroyed up to
3 percent of marginal row of cotton in very few fields. (Adkisson, Thom-
as). TENNESSEE - In many cotton fields in western area. (Mullett).

FLEAHOPPERS - TEXAS - Severe in McCook area of lower Rio Grande
Valley. (Deer). One of major pests in south plains area. (Turney, Mar-
tin). Cotton fleahopper averaged 16. 7 per 100 terminals in 17 untreated
fields and 4.1 in 17 early-treated fields in McLennan and Falls Counties.
(Parencia et al. ). OKLAHOMA - Increasing in some sections particularly
in Caddo County where counts ranged 1 to 47 per 100 terminals. (Stiles).
MISSOURI - Few fields have 4-12 nymphs per 100 terminals. (Adkisson,
Thomas). LOUISIANA - Found in 15 of 39 fields examined in Tallulah area.
Average rate of 1.8 per 100 terminals for infested fields. (Gaines,
Pfrimmer et al.). Psallus seriatus on cotton over State with heaviest in-
festation 40 per 100 terminals. (Oliver). ALABAMA - In 17 of 81 fields
examined in 7 southwestern counties; 16 light, 1 medium (Tyrus).

- 622 -

GRASSHOPPERS - OKLAHOMA - Continue to be serious threat to cotton
surrounded by fence rows and roadsides. (Stiles).

LYGUS BUGS - TEXAS - Beginning to damage young bolls in number of

fields in Los Fresnos-Bayview area. (Deer). ARIZONA - Increasing on
stub cotton in Maricopa County week ending June 15. (Ariz. Coop. Rept. ).

FOREST, ORNAMENTAL AND SHADE TREE INSECTS

NANTUCKET PINE MOTH (Rhyacionia frustrana) - LOUISIANA - Heavy at-
tacks this spring in plantations near Bogalusa. (Sou. For. Pest Rept. ).
NEBRASKA - Very abundant on young ponderosa pine along Pine Ridge area
in northwestern Nebraska. (Andersen).

EUROPEAN PINE SHOOT MOTH (Rhyacionia buoliana) - PENNSYLVANIA -
Heavy infestation on pines in Westmoreland County. Adults emerging in
abundance. Light damage in Snyder County. (Udine).

FALL WEBWORM (Hyphantria cunea) - LOUISIANA - Infestations state-
wide with heaviest populations in lower two-thirds of State. (Oliver).
MISSISSIPPI - Webs becoming numerous on persimmon and other trees in
Oktibbeha County. (Hester).

FOREST TENT CATERPILLAR (Malacosoma disstria) - OREGON - Defoli-
ated large blocks of willow and cottonwood trees bordering Willamette

River in Polk, Marion, Linn and Benton Counties. Several unprotected
fruit orchards suffered severe damage. Parasitism appeared light and

high percentage of larvae were pupating. (Capizzi). WISCONSIN - Heavy
defoliation in parts of Douglas, Price, Ashland, Bayfield and Rusk Counties.
Heavy defoliation spotty in Sawyer and Washburn Counties. Parasitic flies
plentiful in northwest. (Wis. Ins. Bul. ).

GYPSY MOTH (Porthetria dispar) - CONNECTICUT - Moderate to heavy in-
festations found on some 17, OOO acres in 10 towns in northeastern area.
Sprays applied by aircraft to 16,000 acres, including 2600 acres of State
Park and Forest woodland. (Turner).

JACK-PINE BUDWORM (Choristoneura pinus) - MINNESOTA - Defoliation
becoming conspicuous in pole-sized and larger stands, with feeding begin-
ning on reproduction in understory. (Minn. Ins. Rept.). WISCONSIN -
Mostly third-instars in northwestern area. Most larvae feeding on new
Shootse) \QWiss sins yBuile,):

WHITE-PINE WEEVIL (Pissodes strobi) - WISCONSIN - Larvae feeding in
terminals of white and jack pine in northwestern area. Weevil ovipositing
in Langlade County. (Wis. Ins. Bul., June 12).

PALES WEEVIL (Hylobius pales) - DELAWARE - Adults causing very severe
scarring of Virginia pine seedlings at Petersburg. Some laterals of larger
trees affected. (Milliron).

- 623 -
INTRODUCED PINE SAWFLY (Diprion similis)- MINNESOTA - Infestation

———___—_—_

heavy on white pine near Brainerd, Crow Wing County. (Minn. Ins. Rept. ).

A PINE SAWFLY (Neodiprion taedae linearis) - LOUISIANA - Caused vary-
ing degrees of defoliation to sapling and commerical-size loblolly in La
Salle Parish. (Sou: For. Pest Rept. ).

RED-PINE SAWF'LY (Neodiprion nanulus) - WISCONSIN - Finished cocooning
in Dane County. Defoliation severe in some plantations in Columbia County.
(Wis. Ins. Bul., June 12).

BLACK HILLS BEETLE (Dendroctonus ponderosae) - COLORADO + Adults
beginning to cut, but not emerging in Larimer County. This is exceptionally
early; usually emerge latter part of July. (Exp. Sta. ).

WOOLLY ALDER APHID (Prociphilus tessellatus) - NORTH CAROLINA -
Attacking maples in Alamance, Cleveland, Randolph, Yadkin, Surry and
generally throughout northwestern counties. (Scott, Jones).

WHITE-PINE APHID (Cinara strobi) - MINNESOTA - Heavy population on
large white pine in Crow Wing County. (Minn. Ins. Rept. ).

MAY BEETLES (Phyllophaga spp. ) - WISCONSIN - Heavy flights from many
localities. Feeding heavy on oaks in Vernon and other counties. (Wis.
las, IBA)

HACKBERRY NIPPLE GALL (Pachypsylla celtidisanamma) - COLORADO -
Unusually abundant on hackberry in Larimer County. (Exp. Sta.).

MOUNTAIN-ASH SAWFLY (Pristiphora geniculata) - PENNSYLVANIA -
Moderate infestation on mountain-ash in Susquehanna County. (Gesell).

A LEAF ROLLER - WISCONSIN - Attacking maple in Sawyer County. Heavy
damage on maple in Menominee Indian Reservation. (Wis. Ins. Bul., June
12).

A MEALYBUG - PENNSYLVANIA - Very abundant in ornamental plantings.
Unusually large number on taxus this year in Westmoreland County. (Udine).

KASTERN TENT CATERPILLAR (Malacosoma americanum) - WISCONSIN -
Particularly abundant in Sawyer County. (Wis. Ins. Bul., June 12).

A PSYLLID (Pachypsylla celtidis-vesiculum) - WISCONSIN - Causing leaf
deformations on hackberry in Trempealeau County. (Wis. Ins. Bul. ).

APHIDS - UTAH - Abundant on weeping willow and several native willows in
several areas. Cinara sp. damaging arborvitae at Tooele and in Carbon
County. (Knowlton). MARYLAND - Abnormally abundant on Norway maple,
tulip poplar and oak in most sections. (U. Md., Ent. Dept.). MINNESOTA -
Abundant and causing leaf curl on elm in Dakota County. (Minn. Ins. Rept. ).
WISCONSIN - Associated with leaf damage on trembling aspen in Washburn,
Sawyer and Price Counties. (Wis. Ins. Bul., June 6).

- 624 -

PINE BARK APHID (Pineus strobi) - WISCONSIN - Abundant on small white
pine in northwest area. (Wis. Ins. Bul., June 6).

ELM LEAF BEETLE (Galerucella xanthomelaena) - IDAHO - Abundant on
elms in Payette County. (Gittins, June 15). UTAH -Infesting some trees
in Weber and Salt Lake Counties. (Knowlton, Marsh). MISSOURI - Damage
to Chinese elms was heaviest ever observed over southeast area. Second-
generation adults very abundant. All stages present. (Kyd, Thomas).
MISSISSIPPI - Elm trees damaged in Tishomingo County. (Langston).
DELAWARE - Causing noticeable injury throughout the State. (Milliron).

COTTONY MAPLE SCALE (Pulvinaria innumerabilis) -IDAHO Moderate
infestations on maples in Payette area, heavy in Emmett. (Gittins, June 15).
Much more in evidence in Ada County than in 1955. (Barr, Vail). DELA-
WARE -Numerous on elm at Smyrna. (Milliron).

MIMOSA WEBWORM (Homadaula albizziae) - MISSOURI - First appearance
of larvae in extreme southeast area this season. (Kyd, Thomas). DELA-
WARE - Small larvae active at locations north to Smyrna. (Milliron).

SPIDER MITES - TENNESSEE - Infestations severely injuring white pine in
Plateau area. (Mullett), MINNESOTA - Problem on nursery and foundation
planting evergreens. (Minn. Ins. Rept. ).

TWO-SPOTTED SPIDER MITE (Tetranychus telarius) - IDAHO - Abundant
and causing moderate damage to ornamentals in Idaho Falls area. (Kohl,
Gittins). NEW MEXICO - Damaging ornamentals and few lawns in Las
Cruces. (Durkin, June 16).

BAGWORMS - MISSOURI - Becoming increasingly noticeable on ornamentals
in central area. (Wkly. Rept. Fruit Grow.). ILLINOIS - Very numerous in
many areas, particularly in southern half of State. (Ill. Ins. Rept. ).

ROSE CHAFER (Macrodactylus subspinosus) - MICHIGAN - Numerous,
Spotted infestations on grape, peony and roses at Stevensville, St. Joseph,
Lansing, Baroda and Benton Harbor. (Hutson, June 13).

PINE NEEDLE SCALE (Phenacaspis pinifoliae) - NEW MEXICO - Causing
damage to ornamental pines in Las Cruces. (Durkin, June 16). NEBRASKA -
ae to heavy infestation on ponderosa pine in Pine Ridge area. (Ander-
sen).

A BUDMOTH (Rhopobota naevana ilicifoliana) - OREGON - Extension of in-
festations found in holly in Polk and Marion Counties. Most terminals dam-
aged in plantings. Majority of moths have emerged. (Larson).

EUROPEAN EARWIG (Forficula auricularia) - IDAHO - Extremely abundant
around homes and gardens. (Gittins, June 15), RHODE ISLAND - Appearing
in gardens in Kingston, Cranston and Johnston. (Steve, Mathewson).

POTATO LEAFHOPPER (Empoasca fabae) -SOUTH DAKOTA - Eixceedingly
abundant on peashrub in Brookings area. (Severin).

- 625 -

NORWAY-MAPLE APHID (Periphyllus lyropictus) - PENNSYLVANIA -
Abundant on leaves of maple in south central area. (Pepper). Populations
building up in Westmoreland County. (Udine).

INSECTS AFFECTING MAN AND ANIMALS

MOSQUITOES - UTAH - Very high this spring in Weber and adjacent counties.
Aedes dorsalis causing greatest annoyance. The peak of first brood May 30.
Aedes vexans, A. nigromaculus, Culex tarsalis and_Culiseta inornata some-
times numerous. (Fronk, Knowlton). Several other areas being troubled
by large mosquito populations. (Harmston, Knowlton). COLORADO - Ex-
tremely high populations in Grand, Jackson and Routt Counties. Several
towns in Rio Grande, Alamosa and Conejos Counties conducted community
control measures. (Chem. Ind.). LOUISIANA - Populations of Aedes spp.
heavy in West Feliciana, Acadia, Vermillion and Terrebonne Parishes.
(Oliver). NORTH CAROLINA-Aedes sollicitans biting in large numbers in
Dare, Hyde, and Pamlico Counties. (Cromroy).

TABANIDS - UTAH - Deer flies and horse flies appearing in some numbers
in several counties. (Davis, Knowlton). LOUISIANA - Populations of
Tabanus atratus, T. americanus and_T. lineola very heavy in East Feliciana,
West Feliciana, Assumption, Iberville and Pointe Coupee Parishes. (Oliver).
PENNSYLVANIA - Cattle much annoyed by_Chrysops spp. when on pasture

in southwest area. (Udine). WISCONSIN - Deer fly populations very heavy
and annoying over large areas, especially in lowlands. (Wis. Ins. Bul. ).

COMMON CATTLE GRUB (Hypoderma lineatum) - IDAHO - Adults emerging
in Magic Valley area. (Gittins).

STABLE FLIES - WISCONSIN - Troublesome in several areas. (Wis. Ins.
Bul. ).

HORN FLY (Siphona irritans) - PENNSYLVANIA - Building up on cattle in
northwest area. Control needed. (Gesell). WISCONSIN - Troublesome in
several areas. (Wis. Ins. Bul. ).

FLIES - WISCONSIN Parasitic flies of Malacosoma disstria becoming annoy-
ing in northwestern area. (Wis. Ins. Bul.).

TICKS -OKLAHOMA Populations in southeastern area very low. (Goin).

A MITE (Haemolaelaps megaventralis) - NORTH CAROLINA - Numerous in
poultry litter in local infestation in Duplin County. (Farrier).

CHIGGERS - MISSOURI - Causing much discomfort to people all over State.
(Wkly. Rept. Fruit Grow. ).

STICKTIGHT FLEA (Echidnophaga gallinacea) - GEORGIA - Moderate infesta-
tions on pullets' heads in Lincoln County. (McGee, June 15).

- 626 -

Pseud. Agrotis Prod. Perid. Feltia Heliothis Protoparce Laphyg.
LIGHT TRAP COLLECTIONS unipun. ypsilon ornith, marg. subt. zea viresc. sexta quing. a

SOUTH DAKOTA

Brookings 6/19-21 100 2
MISSOURI (County)
Boone 6/16-22 216 40 55 39 5
TEXAS
College Station 6/10-22 2 il 360 1 105 24
Weslaco 5/16-31 58 33 2 1063 17 12
Winter Haven 6/1-15 3 2 12
Denton 6/1-15 20 9 65 73 13
Waco 6/16-22 3 11 11 98
ARKANSAS
Hope 6/15-21 a 23
Stuttgart 6/14-20 2 3
Van Buren 6/14-20 2 2 9
Varner 6/14-20 8 23
Fayetteville 6/16-22 33 15 14 23
LOUISIANA
*Tallulah 6/16-21 1 10 206 96 55 15 35 3
Baton Rouge 6/16-22 48 2 87 9 8
Curtis 6/11-18 1 10 41 1 17 22 2
MISSISSIPPI (Counties)
*Washington 6/15-21 82 27 85 30
Coahoma 6/16-22 ie) 34 al
Humphreys 4 39 1 4 33
Lauderdale " : 3
Marshall i) 3 27 6 2 30 3
Oktibbeha il 3 102 1 4 8 3
TENNESSEE (Counties) Spp.
Shelby 6/12-18 10 4
Madison 4
Lawrence 10
Maury 80 80 12 11
Robertson 120 120 64 26 34
Cumberland 16 4 22 24
Knox 78 16 78 78 60 4
Greene 48 16 32 25 38
Blount 18
Johnson 144 48 16 64
GEORGIA (Counties)
Spalding 6/9-15 5 9 100 18 90 318 5 2
Tift 6/10-21 8 102 104 257 51 56 27 1
SOUTH CAROLINA (Counties)
Charleston 6/18-24 1 8 7 2 2
Oconee 6/17-23 9 6 23 3 11 6 5
Florence 6/9-15 30 ay) 89 25 118 593 343 32 1
NORTH CAROLINA (Counties)
Duplin 6/20-21 4 1
Johnston 6/20-21 1 1 4
VIRGINIA (County) :
*Pittsylvania 6/10-16 221 1752
Princess Anne 6/10-13 160 22 13 if 6 12 4
MARYLAND (County)
Montgomery 6/15-22 8 7 5 5 2 3 20
PENNSYLVANIA
State College 6/20-23 8
OHIO (County)
Athens 6/7-17 64 18
INDIANA (Counties)
Lawrence 6/13-20 182 4 5) 27 34
Tippecanoe 6/15-21 64 2 1 4 2
ILLINOIS
Urbana 6/15-21 ighal i) 8 a7 3 6
WISCONSIN
DeForest 6/14-19 3 69
Other Collections: Georgia (Tift Co., June 10-16): Elasmopalpus lignosellus, 234. Maryland (Montgomery Co. ,

June 15-22): fabae, 82.
*Three traps Tallulah, La. and Pittsylvania Co., Va; Two traps Washington Co,, Mississippi.

- 627 -

BENEFICIAL INSECTS

LADY BEETLES » WISCONSIN - Larvae becoming abundant in alfalfa fields
but not reported from peas. (Wis. Ins. Bul. ).

HONEY BEE (Apis mellifera) - CALIFORNIA - Inspections in Inyo County
revealed American foulbrood in nearly every beekeeper's bees, but not in
unusual amounts. One hive had infestation tentatively identified as parafoul
brood. Succession of native plants in county producing one of best crops of
honey since 1951. (Cal. Coop. Rept. ).

A MELYRID (Collops vittatus) - ARIZONA - Adults abundant in alfalfa fields
in Maricopa and Pinal Counties. (Ariz. Coop. Rept. ).

MISCELLANEOUS INSECTS

A MIDGE (Chaoborus punctipennis) - RHODE ISLAND - Swarming and congre-
gating, creating a nuisance in Bristol. (Mathewson).

CORRECTIONS

CEIR 6(24):547 - Under A LEAF ROLLER (Archips rosana) orchards men--:
tioned were filbert orchards. (Capizzi).

ADDITIONAL NOTES

OHIO - EUROPEAN CORN BORER pupation 95 percent in Wooster area,
emergence 30 percent, June 22. Eggs being deposited in Van Wert area but
not hatching. Hatching in Columbus area. Borer development about 2 weeks
later than in 1955. Corn 5-20 inches tall. (Guthrie, Rolston).

NEW YORK - CODLING MOTH entrances June 18 Orange County, June 16
Rockland County, June 19 Ulster County, June 21 Monroe County and June 18
Wayne County. PLUM CURCULIO severe in neglected or unsprayed orchards,
Rockland County; heavy in Westchester County and nearly 100 percent damage
to some sweet cherries in Oswego County. STRAWBERRY LEAF ROLLER
more numerous than past 2 years, Monroe Co. EUROPEAN CORN BORER
more abundant than last year in Hudson Valley, moth emergence about passed
June 23. CUTWORMS causing severe damage to corn in several counties,
entire fields up to 30 acres replanted. ARMYWORM collected in Orange and
Suffolk Counties. PEA APHID and MEADOW SPITTLEBUG very numerous

on alfalfa from Saratoga to Orange Counties. Adult spittlebugs in lower Hud-
son Valley. POTATO LEAFHOPPER in very small numbers in Hudson Val-
ley area. ALFALFA WEEVIL causing some damage in Orange County but
not enough to warrant controls. (Wkly. Rept. ).

WEST VIRGINIA - EUROPEAN CORN BORER larvae on corn in Berkeley
County, 1.3 egg masses per plant... MEXICAN BEAN BEETLE larvae active
on beans generally. ALFALFA WEEVIL causing some damage to alfalfa in

- 628 -

infested areas; adults present. First JAPANESE BEETLE adult June 15.
SPIDER MITES causing browning of hemlock in Kanawha County. (Dorsey,
Hansen).

IOWA - GRASSHOPPERS continue to be a major problem as extreme
drought conditions persist; 1-35 per square yard in south third of State.
Some adult Melanoplus mexicanus and some first instar M. differentialis.
Apparently hatching complete. KUROPEAN CORN BORER first-brood
moth flight practically over in southern lowa and should be complete in
northern Iowa within week of June 25. Infestation heaviest in eastern half
of State where rainfall has been more normal during the pupal and egg-lay-
ing period. Gray and black BLISTER BEETLES exceedingly abundant and
in some cases chopped alfalfa is non-palatable because of crushed beetles.
CHINCH BUGS reported in corn in southeastern area. FALSE CHINCH
BUGS exceedingly numerous and migrating where host weed plants have
dried up in southwestern Iowa. Heavy populations of SIX-SPOTTED
LEAFHOPPERS and other LEAFHOPPERS in corn, averaging 8-10 per
plant. CORN EARWORM eggs numerous on silks of Sweet corn. STRIPED
CUCUMBER BEETLES more numerous and damaging than in recent years.
Grlekrercis))

CONNECTICUT - ARMYWORM in corn and small grains in New London
County. Some larval entries of CODLING MOTH. EUROPEAN RED MITE
still building up in some orchards. PLUM CURCULIO past peak activity.
ORIENTAL FRUIT MOTH adults numerous in bait pails at Storrs. APPLE
APHID building up on apple in Hartford, New London and New Haven Coun-
ties. (Eunis):

VIRGINIA - EUROPEAN CORN BORER eggs on corn in 3 fields in Augusta
County were 15, 14 and 1 per 100 plants (Woodside). Borers light but gener-
al in wheat in Caroline and Hanover Counties. ELM LEAF BEETLE
larvae damaging elm trees in Scott, Washington and Augusta Counties.
(Delp, Sinclair, Woodside). HORNWORM infestations generally increasing
on tobacco in Pittsylvania County; heavy in some early plantings. Medium
in some fields in Dinwiddie County. (Bedwell). TOBACCO BUDWORM
infestations generally increasing in Pittsylvania County; medium to heavy
in some early plantings (Dominick). Medium on tobacco in Dinwiddie
County and infestations are just starting (Bedwell). MEXICAN BEAN
BEETLE moderate to heavy in eastern area, apparently more numerous
than for several years at this season. BEAN LEAF BEETLE injurious on
younger plantings of beans. POTATO APHID is severe on tomatoes. On,
Bastern Shore COLORADO POTATO BEETLE has been unusually trouble-
some on tomatoes and potatoes and SWHETPOTATO FLEA BEETLE is
causing severe injury to newly-set sweetpotato plants. (Brubaker, Green-
wood, Hofmaster).

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