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AGRICULTURAL RESEARCH SERVICE

PLANT PEST CONTROL DIVISION

SURVEY AND DETECTION OPERATIONS

The Cooperative Economic Insect Report is issued
weekly as a service to American Agriculture. Its contents
are compiled from information supplied by cooperating State,
Federal, and industrial entomologists and other agricultural
workers. In releasing this material the Division serves as
a clearing house and doesnot assume responsibility for ac-
curacy of the material.

Reports and inquiries pertaining to this release
should be mailed to:

Survey and Detection Operations
Plant Pest Control Division
Agricultural Research Service
United States Department of Agriculture
Washington 25, D. C.

Volume 11 September 15, 1961 Number 37

COOPERATIVE ECONOMIC INSECT REPORT
Highlights of Insect Conditions

CORN EARWORM locally heavy on soybeans in 4 South Carolina counties; infested
soybeans required treatments in Charles City County, Virginia; and damaged
soybeans and peanuts reported in several Alabama counties. (p. 862). NORTHERN
CORN ROOTWORM adults extremely abundant and severely damaged silks of corn in
Fulton and Sandusky Counties, Ohio, during past several weeks; considerable loss
expected in many fields of late corn. SOUTHERN CORN ROOTWORM injury to peanut
crop approaches total destruction in many areas of Virginia. (p. 862). CORN
ROOTWORM adult feeding on corn ears continues in Nebraska and South Dakota.
SPOTTED ALFALFA APHID causing severe damage to alfalfa in Canyon County, Idaho;
reduction of crop expected. (p. 863). A CICADA (Diceroprocta apache) adults
heavy and damaging 20-25 percent of alfalfa stems by egg deposition in areas of
Yuma County, Arizona. (p. 864).

Additional MEXICAN BEAN BEETLE infestations found in Kansas on beans. (p. 867).
EUROPEAN PINE SHOOT MOTH reported established in Sedgwick and Leavenworth
Counties, Kansas. MIMOSA WEBWORM caused severe damage to honeylocust and mimosa
in central and southern Maryland and infestation general in mimosa trees in
Evansville area of Indiana. (p. 870),

Aerial despersals of sterile SCREW-WORM adults continues in a 5-county area near
Bonifay, Florida; no positive cases found since June 27. (p. 872).

New WHITE-FRINGED BEETLE infestations found in Greene, Mississippi and St.
Francis Counties, Arkansas. (p. 873).

CORRECTIONS (p. 874).

Outlook for FOREST INSECT activity in California, fall and winter of 1961-62,
reported. Losses from bark beetles expected to be generally light in north
coast area, moderate in northeastern portion of State, heavy in central and
southern Sierra and very heavy in southern California. (pp. 876, 877).

Change of generic name for FIELD CRICKETS. (p. 877).

INTERCEPTIONS of special interest at U. S. ports of entry. (p. 878).

INSECTS not known to occur in the United States. (pp. 879-882).

INSECT DETECTION: New state records reported were European pine shoot moth in
Kansas (p. 870) and a leaf beetle (Chlamisus conptoniae) in Pennsylvania (p. 871).
New county records reported were European Co: corn borer in Chambers County,
Alabama (p. 861); Mexican bean beetle in Leavenworth and Johnson Counties,

Kansas (p. 867); and face fly in Bennett, Douglas, McCook and Washabaugh Counties,
South Dakota (p. 872).

FOO OO IK GR aC

Reports in this issue are for week ending September 8 unless otherwise indicated.

- 860 -

WEATHER OF THE WEEK ENDING SEPTEMBER 11

Hurricane Carla, with sustained winds exceeding 100 m.p.h., near the center and of
hurricane speed (74 m.p.h., and over) outward for 100 miles, lashed the Texas coast
for many hours. The eye of the storm crossed the coast in the Matagorda Bay area
between Corpus Christi and Galveston during the afternoon of September 11. Carla's
approach was preceded by the mass evacuation of an estimated 300,000 persons from
danger zones along the coasts of Texas and Louisiana. This well-executed exodus
has held loss of life to a minimum in this very extensive and severe hurricane.

The hurricane spawned a number of tornadoes which resulted in the loss of at least
one life, numerous injuries, and severe localized structural damage. General
havoc was wrought by high winds, excessive rainfall, high tides, and inundation by
sea water as the hurricane moved inland. Much of the region affected comprised a
rich agricultural region and as a result, a large percentage of the loss consisted
of damage to crops.

For the second consecutive week unseasonally hot, humid weather prevailed east of
the Great Plains, with the hottest weather relative to normal east of the upper
Mississippi River where temperatures for the week averaged as much as 10° above
normal, Maximum temperatures ranged in the 80's and 90's and minimum temperatures
in the 60's and 70's, except in the extreme North where minima were generally in
the 50's and 60's. Temperatures averaged near normal in the Great Plains, with
considerable variation during the week. In the northern Great Plains the week
began cool with frost in the Nebraska Panhandle on the Sth, after which rising
temperatures through Saturday exceeded 100° at some stations, only to be followed
by a sharp drop on Sunday. In the Far West, the week was slightly cooler than
normal, except unusually cool in New Mexico and Colorado, with near record lows for
the season reported in the latter State at the beginning of the period. In Utah,
frost at higher elevations damaged some corn and beans.

Precipitation, produced by thunderstorms, was spotty from the Rocky Mountains to
the Atlantic coast, but generally adequate in most areas to maintain satisfactory
soil moisture. Moderate to heavy rains fell in Montana, North Dakota, and the
northern two-thirds of Minnesota on the 9th and 10th. Moderate to heavy rainfall
west of the Continental Divide was mostly limited to eastern Idaho, southern Utah,
and parts of Arizona, most of it falling about midweek. In the Pacific States and
Nevada, the week was extremely dry, with most stations reporting no rain at all.
(Summary supplied by U. S. Weather Bureau).

- 861 -
CEREAL AND FORAGE INSECTS

GRASSHOPPERS - IDAHO - Adult populations generally light in Bonneville, Bannock,
Power and Oneida Counties week ending August 18; some light damage observed.
(Olson). Surveys of Conservation Reserve lands in Troy-Deary-Potlatch areas of
Latah County showed some 400 acres in Troy vicinity infested with at least 10
grasshoppers per square yard; principal species Camnula pellucida, Melanoplus
bilituratus and M. femurrubrum. Pastures and meadows in area north of Deary-
Schwartz Creek, Vassar Wet, Tee, Shea and Erickson meadows in Latah County had
populations, principally C. pellucida, running from 8 to over 50 per square yard.
Bluegrass in these meadows especially damaged; total of 1,200 acres severely
infested. Egg laying in progress. (Manis et al., Sept. 1). NORTH DAKOTA -
Adult survey in east central counties during week ending September 1 showed
generally light infestations present. Little damage observed in late crops
throughout area. M. bivittatus and M. femurrubrum dominant species. Evaluation
of adult survey data for western rangeland shows threatening or above infestations
on 455,480 acres and light infestation on 806,080 acres. Acres infested
(threatening or above) were 21,120 in Slope, 135,040 in Billings, 64,000 in
Golden Valley, 169,000 in McKenzie, 50,000 in Dunn and 16,320 in Williams County.
(N. D. Ins. Sur.). MISSOURI - Counts still high in northeast and southwestern
areas. General rains throughout these areas kept vegetation in fencerows and
wastelands green so that very little damage to cultivated crops is evident.
Counts in idleland areas ranged 12-41 grasshoppers per square yard; mainly adult
M. bilituratus, M. differentialis and M. femurrubrum. (Munson, Thomas, Wood).
OHIO - Limited acreages of clover, soybeans, corn and potatoes reported receiving
economic damage enough to justify grasshopper controls in Mercer and Clinton
Counties. (Holdsworth, Sept. 1). PENNSYLVANIA - Dissosteira carolina quite
common, 1-2 per square yard, in grassy areas of Elk County on August 17.

(Miller). DELAWARE - M. differentialis adults fairly common in soybeans in Kent
County; causing light feeding injury. (Burbutis, Mason).

FIELD CRICKETS - NORTH DAKOTA - Scattered, high populations continue to damage
flax and soybeans in southeastern area. (N. D. Ins. Sur., Sept. 1).

EUROPEAN CORN BORER (Ostrinia nubilalis) - ALABAMA - Found for first time in
Chambers County. (Buttram). MARYLAND - Larval infestations in sweet and field
corn ranged 8-48 percent in Queen Annes County; ear infestation becoming more
common. (U. Md., Ent. Dept.). INDIANA - Second generation appearing in large
numbers in popcorn in Evansville area. (Everly, Sept. 1). MINNESOTA - Second-
generation egg masses observed in southeastern and south central districts;

counts varied greatly, ranging 0-40 per 100 plants. Egg masses averaged 10

per 100 plants in southeast and 3 in south central district. Development is as
follows: Southeast - 8 percent third instar, 17 percent fourth instar, 17 percent
fifth instar and 58 percent emerged; south central - 71 percent fifth instar

and 29 percent emerged. (Minn. Ins. Rpt., Sept. 1). SOUTH DAKOTA - Percent plants
infested ranged 12-68 and averaged 48 in central area. Larvae first to fifth stage
and average 1.8 per infested plant; mostly second and third stages in ears. Some
breakage occurred, but damage light. (Hanten). NEBRASKA - Heavy moth flights
occurred in Adams County; second-brood egg masses and larvae (first, second and
third stages) present. Adult activity decreased in Hamilton County. (Stokes,
Sept. 1). First and third stage larvae commonly found feeding in tips of ears

in central and eastern areas. (Bergman, Sept.l1) Second to fourth instars
infesting corn ears in central and eastern areas. (Bergman).

CORN EARWORM (Heliothis zea) - CALIFORNIA - Light on corn in Upper Lake, Lake
County. (Cal. Coop. Rpt.). TEXAS - Light in grain sorghum in Burleson County.
(Randolph). OKLAHOMA - Infestations light to medium in southwest, southeast and
north central areas on alfalfa. Light, 1 larva per 20 heads, in grain sorghum
in north central area. Some damage to peanuts noted in Caddo County. (Okla.
Coop. Sur.). ARKANSAS - Larvae averaged 0.18 per head on sorghum on University
of Arkansas farm at Fayetteville. (Rolston). Larvae averaged 2.5 per 30 feet

of row in 10 soybean fields surveyed in Jefferson County (Boyer, Whitcomb) and
highest count in Pope County 11 per 10 counts of 3 feet of row per field. (Dumas).

- 862 -

MISSOURI - Counts in heads of grain sorghum in southwest and west central areas
very low; 0-9 per 100 heads. (Munson, Thomas, Wood). NEBRASKA - Very light on
corn in central and eastern areas. (Bergman, Sept. 1). MINNESOTA - Averaged

20 larvae per 100 corn plants in field of Goodhue County; only field found
infested during week ending September 1. (Minn. Ins. Rpt.). INDIANA - Adults
appeared in great numbers in traps in sweet corn field on night of August 31 in
Tippecanoe County; 12-15 per trap. (Deay). DELAWARE - Young larvae present in
Sussex County alfalfa. (Burbutis, Mason). MARYLAND - Larvae very common in
ears of mature corn in most sections. (U. Md., Ent. Dept.). VIRGINIA - Wide-
spread, medium severe infestation of early stage larvae on soybeans in Charles
City County; treatments underway. (Settle). SOUTH CAROLINA - Some locally
heavy pod infestations in soybeans in Clarendon, Orangeburg, Berkeley and
Williamsburg Counties. (Nettles et al., Aug. 28). Some larvae occasionally
found in soybean fields from Allendale County to the coast. (Nettles et al.).
ALABAMA - Caused considerable damage to peanuts in peanut-growing areas of State;
and severe damage to soybeans by feeding on pods of beans in Coffee, Houston,
Mobile, Escambia and Baldwin Counties. Damage to grain sorghum in Houston County
light to moderate. (Buttram).

FALL ARMYWORM (Laphygma frugiperda) - TEXAS - Medium to heavy, local populations
attacking late grain sorghum in Coryell County and coastal Bermuda grass in
Madison County. (Garner, Garrett). OKLAHOMA - Decreased in alfalfa in southeast
and southwest. (Okla. Coop. Sur.). ALABAMA - Infestations light on peanuts,
velvetbeans and grain sorghum in Coffee, Houston and Henry Counties. (Buttram).
DELAWARE - Larvae present in alfalfa in Sussex County. (Burbutis, Mason).

SOUTHWESTERN CORN BORER (Zeadiatraea grandiosella) - NEW MEXICO - Causing light
damage to broomcorn and field corn in Roosevelt County. (N. M. Coop. Rpt.).

SUGARCANE BORER (Diatraea saccharalis) - TEXAS - Infestations medium on grain
sorghum in Burleson County. (Randolph).

SORGHUM WEBWORM (Celama sorghiella) - OKLAHOMA - Larvae 25-35 per head in sorghum
in south central area. Okla. Coop. Sur.). ARKANSAS - Larvae averaged 0.25 per

head on sorghum at University of Arkansas farm at Fayetteville; pupation underway.

(Rolston). MISSOURI - Counts in grain sorghum in southwest low; very few fields
found infested., Larval counts ranged 1-11 per 10 heads in infested fields.
(Munson, Thomas, Wood).

SOD WEBWORMS (Crambus spp.) —- OREGON - Found in Merion bluegrass seed fields in
Silverton hills area of Marion County. In 2 fields checked, larvae averaged 5
per square-inch sample. (Every).

A SKIPPER (Lerodea eufala) - CALIFORNIA - Light to medium infestations on corn
plantings in Chowchilla, Madera County; also reported infesting sorghum in other
locations. This species had not previously been recognized as a commercial pest
in the State until 1961. (Cal. Coop. Rpt.).

SORGHUM MIDGE (Contarinia sorghicola) -— TEXAS - Light in grain sorghum in
Burleson County. (Randolph).

NORTHERN CORN ROOTWORM (Diabrotica’ longicornis) - MINNESOTA - Adults averaged
3 per corn plant in southeast and 0.75 per plant in south central district;
damage to silks evident in only a few fields in Olmsted County. (Minn. Ins.
Rpt., Sept. 1). OHIO - Adults extremely abundant and severely damaged silks

of dent corn in Fulton and Sandusky Counties during past severai weeks. Con-
siderable loss due to incomplete pollination anticipated in many fields of late
corn. General population appears lower elsewhere in northwestern section of
State. (Triplehorn, Blair).

SOUTHERN CORN ROOTWORM (Diabrotica undecimpunctata howardi) - VIRGINIA - Appears
to be of considerable concern to peanut growers this year; injury to the crop
approaches total destruction in many areas. (Boush). OKLAHOMA - Light, 2 per

Sl NE ca tt

- 863 -

sweep, in alfalfa in southeast. (Okla. Coop. Sur.).

CORN ROOTWORMS (Diabrotica spp.) - NEBRASKA - D. virgifera dominant species on
corn in counties along Platte River from Dawson County east to Seward County.
North and east of this area, D. longicornis and D. undecimpunctata howardi also
present. Gravid females comprise large population. Adult feeding caused damage
to 5-10 percent of ear tips in central and eastern areas. Adult survey nearing
completion. (Bergman, Sept. 1). D. virgifera, D. longicornis and D.
undecimpunctata howardi adults continue feeding on corn ears in southern, central
and eastern areas; light populations of all three species present on sorghums
and legumes adjacent to corn. (Bergman). SOUTH DAKOTA - D. virgifera dominant
species on corn in central area, with D. longicornis present. Gravid females
present. Adults causing light damage to about 7 percent of corn tips. (Hanten).
Unspecified species reported damaging cornfield in Minnehaha County. (Mast).

DESERT CORN FLEA BEETLE (Chaetocnema ectypa) - ARIZONA - Adults heavy in some
central area corn and sorghum. ArdizeaCoop., Sar).

A MAY BEETLE (Phyllophaga rugosa) - SOUTH DAKOTA - Larvae damaging lawns in
Brookings and Hughes Counties. (Mast),

CORN LEAF APHID (Rhopalosiphum maidis) - SOUTH DAKOTA - In central area, 26
percent of corn plants infested; colonies generally small. (Hanten). NEBRASKA -
Continues light in milo. (Bergman). TEXAS —- Heavy in Roberts County on grain
sorghum. (Joyner). ARIZONA - First few individuals of season of this species
and Hysteroneura setariae noted on sorghum in central area. (Ariz. Coop. Sur.).

RICE STINK BUG (Oebalus pugnax) - ARKANSAS - Ranged 6-52 per 100 sweeps in 10 rice
fields checked in Chicot County; more than 50 percent nymphs. (Whitcomb, Boyer).

CHINCH BUG (Blissus leucopterus) - ALABAMA - Continues to cause moderate to
heavy damage in Russell County. Light infestations reported on rye. (Buttram).

APHIDS - NEW MEXICO - Undetermined species reported heavy in some fields of
broomcorn and field corn in Roosevelt County. (N. M. Coop. Rpt.).

TWO-SPOTTED SPIDER MITE (Tetranychus telarius) - COLORADO - Populations decreased
in Delta County on corn due to recent weather conditions. In general,
populations very light in eastern area, with little or no damage occurring.
(Bulla, Jenkins).

SPOTTED ALFALFA APHID (Therioaphis maculata) - IDAHO - Causing severe damage to
many fields in Canyon County. Several fields of fall-seeded alfalfa killed and
many others severely damaged. Great reduction in late-cut hay crop expected.
Most severe damage observed in alfalfa in Arena Valley, Middleton, Fargo and
Snake River Valley areas in southwestern section of State. In alfalfa hay fields,
counts over 40 per sweep, with some having 40 per plant in newly seeded fields.
(Becktolt, Waters). NEBRASKA - Averaged one per 50 sweeps in Butler, Polk and
York Counties. (Bergman). COLORADO - Light; unchanged from previous week.
(Bulla, Jenkins). KANSAS - Counts in northeast average 75 per sweep on alfalfa
8-14 inches tall. (Peters). MISSOURI - Found in only about one-half of fields
checked in southwestern area; counts in infested fields ranged 1-6 per sweep.
(Munson, Thomas, Wood). OKLAHOMA - Continues light in most areas surveyed in
south central and southwest; one alfalfafield contained a heavy infestation
50-75 per sweep. (Okla. Coop. Sur.).

PEA APHID (Macrosiphum pisi) - WYOMING - Counts averaged 40 per 100 sweeps in
alfalfa in Lincoln and Teton Counties and 30 per 100 sweeps in Sublette County.
(Fullerton). COLORADO - Light on alfalfa in all areas. (Bulla, Schweissing,
Jenkins). OKLAHOMA - Light, one per sweep, in alfalfa in southeast and south-
western areas. (Okla. Coop. Sur.). MISSOURI - Counts in alfalfa in southwest
ranged 0-15 and averaged 7 per sweep. (Munson, Thomas, Wood). MINNESOTA -
Counts per 100 sweeps in alfalfa averaged 930 in southeast and 600 in south

- 864 -

central district. (Minn. Ins. Rpt., Sept. 1). PENNSYLVANIA - Averaged 3 table-
spoons per 25 sweeps on alfalfa in Butler County on August 30. (Adams).

DELAWARE - Averaged one per sweep statewide on alfalfa, with 20 per sweep locally
in New Castle County. (Burbutis, Mason).

TARNISHED PLANT BUG (Lygus lineolaris) - DELAWARE - Adults and nymphs reduced
throughout State on alfalfa and soybeans; highest count 2 per sweep in Kent
County alfalfa. (Burbutis, Mason). PENNSYLVANIA - Counts 1-3 per sweep in
alfalfa in Butler County on August 30. (Adams). OKLAHOMA - Light, one per sweep,
in alfalfa in southeast. (Okla. Coop. Sur.).

LYGUS BUGS (Lygus spp.) - WYOMING - Adults averaged 25 per 100 sweeps in alfalfa
in Lincoln, Teton and Sublette Counties. (Fullerton).

ALFALFA PLANT BUG (Adelphocoris lineolatus) - DELAWARE - Adults averaged one per
sweep and nymphs 60 per 100 sweeps in alfalfa in southern Sussex County.
(Burbutis, Mason).

THREE-CORNERED ALFALFA HOPPER (Spissistilus festinus) - ARIZONA - Infestations
continue very heavy in alfalfa statewide; averaged 200-500 per 100 sweeps.
(Ariz. Coop. Sur.). TEXAS - Range 15-60 per 5 sweeps in alfalfa in Burleson
County. (Randolph). OKLAHOMA - Light, less than one per sweep, in alfalfa

in southwest. (Okla. Coop. Sur.). ARKANSAS - Averaged 8.4 per 30 feet of row
in 10 soybean fields surveyed in Jefferson County. (Boyer, Whitcomb). SOUTH
CAROLINA - Fairly numerous in untreated soybean fields from Allendale County to
the coast; little excessive shedding of blooms noted. (Nettles et al.).

POTATO LEAFHOPPER (Empoasca fabae) - DELAWARE - Adults averaged slightly under one
per sweep in soybeans and alfalfa over State; nymphs increasing in some areas

of Sussex County. (Burbutis, Mason). MARYLAND - Ranged 1-30 per sweep on

alfalfa in Queen Annes County. (U. Md., Ent. Dept.). PENNSYLVANIA - Severe
yellowing of alfalfa noted in Butler County on August 30. (Adams).

GARDEN FLEAHOPPER (Halticus bracteatus) - DELAWARE - Adults and nymphs greatly
increased,in more mature soybean fields in Kent County; up to 10 per sweep.
(Burbutis, Mason).

A CICADA (Diceroprocta apache) - ARIZONA - Heavy adult populations present in some
areas of Yuma County. Along edges of some alfalfa seed fields, 20-25 percent

of stems damaged by egg deposition. Some deposition also occurring in sorghum
stalks just below the head. (Ariz. Coop. Sur.).

MEXICAN BEAN BEETLE (Epilachna varivestis) - KANSAS - Occasional adults and
larvae observed feeding on soybeans in Wyandotte County, northeast area, and in
Johnson County, east central area. Damage very light. This is first report of
feeding on soybeans in the State. (Calkins, Charlton, Peters). SOUTH CAROLINA -
Most serious damage to soybeans found in community of Clarendon County.

(Nettles et al., Aug. 28). In several places from Allendale County to the coast,
extremely heavy flights noted at 10 a.m. (Nettles et al.).

BEAN LEAF BEETLE (Cerotoma trifurcata) - ARKANSAS - Averaged 5.7 per 30 feet of
row in soybeans in 10 fields checked in Jefferson County. (Boyer, Whitcomb).
SOUTH CAROLINA - Adults appear to be more numerous on soybeans than during recent
years in Clarendon, Orangeburg, Berkeley and Williamsburg Counties. (Nettles

et al., Aug. 28).

MARGINED BLISTER BEETLE (Epicauta pestifera) - SOUTH CAROLINA - More numerous
than in recent years on soybeans in Clarendon, Orangeburg, Berkeley, and
Williamsburg Counties; appreciable foliage injury observed in small areas of
Orangeburg County. (Nettles et al., Aug. 28).

ALFALFA WEEVIL (Hypera postica) - MARYLAND - Adults averaged 2 per 10 sweeps in a
60-acre alfalfafield in Queen Annes County. (U. Md., Ent. Dept.). WYOMING -

- 865 -

Adults averaged 20 per 100 sweeps and larvae 35 per 100 sweeps in alfalfa in
Lincoln, Teton and Sublette Counties. (Fullerton).

ALFALFA CATERPILLAR (Colias eurytheme) - ARIZONA - Infestations continue heavy in
some alfalfa fields statewide; larvae averaged 10-250 per 100 sweeps. (Ariz.
Coop. Sur.). UTAH - Numerous in occasional alfalfa fields in Magna-Sandy area

of Salt Lake County. (Knowlton). IDAHO - Larvae and adults abundant in alfalfa
in Canyon County. (Becktolt). MINNESOTA - Counts generally low in southeast

and south central districts; occasional alfalfafield has 100 per 100 sweeps.
(Minn. Ins. Rpt., Sept. 1). DELAWARE - Larvae present in alfalfa in New Castle
and Sussex Counties and soybeans in Kent County. (Burbutis, Mason).

GREEN CLOVERWORM (Plathypena scabra) - ARKANSAS - Larvae averaged 8.6 per 30

feet of row in 10 soybean fields surveyed in Jefferson County. (Boyer, Whitcomb).
Highest larval count in soybeans in Pope County 206 per 100 sweeps. (Dumas).

SOUTH CAROLINA - Most numerous lepidopteron shaken from soybean plants during

week ending August 28 in Clarendon, Orangeburg, Berkeley and Williamsburg Counties;
20 found in one field in Orangeburg County. (Nettles et al.).

VELVETBEAN CATERPILLAR (Anticarsia gemmatalis) - ALABAMA - Damage to peanuts light
to moderate in peanut-growing area in southeast section of State. Heavy
infestations observed on velvetbeans in Coffee County. (Buttram, Grimes).

SOUTH CAROLINA - No specimens found in soybeans; 2 adults caught in a light trap
at Charleston on August 27. Appearance of species seems to be about 2 weeks
behind schedule. (Nettles et al., Aug. 28).

CABBAGE LOOPER (Trichoplusia ni) - OKLAHOMA - Light, 0.5 larva per sweep, in
alfalfa in southeast. Okla. Coop. Sur.). SOUTH CAROLINA - Present in soybeans
from Allendale County to the coast. (Nettles et al.).

BEET ARMYWORM (Spodoptera exigua) - TEXAS - Larvae range 25-75 per 5 sweeps on
alfalfa in Burleson County; also heavily damaging castorbeans. (Randolph).

WEB WORMS (Loxostege spp.) — OKLAHOMA - Light in most alfalfa fields in southwest
one field heavily infested, 6-8 per sweep. (Okla. Coop. Sur.).

FRUIT INSECTS

CODLING MOTH (Carpocapsa monella) - CALIFORNIA - Medium infestations in peach
fruit in Tehachapi, Kern County. (Cal. Coop. Rpt.). MARYLAND - Some third-
brood larvae noted in apples in Hancock area. (U. Md., Ent. Dept.).

RED-HUMPED CATERPILLAR (Schizura concinna) — NORTH DAKOTA - Light, local infestation
defoliating apple at Fargo. (N. D. Ins. Sur., Sept. 1). CALIFORNIA - Medium
populations on plum trees in Willow Creek, Humboldt County. (Cal. Coop. Rpt.).

PEACH TWIG BORER (Anarsia lineatella) -— OREGON - Larvae infested prune fruit in
Polk, Benton and Marion Counties. (Capizzi).

FILBERTWORM (Melissopus latiferreanus) - CALIFORNIA - Heavy larval infestations in
nectarines in San Diego, San Diego County. (Cal. Coop. Rpt.). OREGON - Larvae
infested prune fruit in Polk, Benton and Marion Counties. (Capizzi).

PEAR PSYLLA (Psylla pyricola) - CALIFORNIA - Light infestations on pear trees
in Santa Margarita, San Luis Obispo County. (Cal. Coop. Rpt.).

WALNUT HUSK FLY (Rhagoletis completa) - CALIFORNIA - Medium populations in
peaches in Santa Paula, Ventura County. (Cal. Coop. Rpt.).

TWO-SPOTTED SPIDER MITE (Tetranychus telarius) - NORTH DAKOTA - Moderate
infestations on apple nursery stock locally in eastern area; heavy infestations
on raspberries in many communities. (N. D. Ins. Sur., Sept. 1).

- 866 -

PECAN WEEVIL (Curculio caryae) - OKLAHOMA - Small numbers present in Washington
County. (Okla. Coop. Sur.).

A FRUIT FLY - FLORIDA - Specimen collected at Key West Naval Base during period
August 14-18 determined as Anastrepha sp. either edentata or suspensa. (Fla.
Coop. Sur., Sept. 1).

Citrus Insect Situation in Florida - End of August - CITRUS RUST MITE (Phyllocop-
truta oleivora) infested 46 percent of groves Ca 60 percent); 29 percent
economic (norm 39 percent). Population below average for time of year. Current
moderate level will continue through September with increasing trend at latter part
of month. Few high infestations expected in all areas with fruit more heavily
infested than leaves. Highest districts with threatening conditions are west
coast, Gainesville, Bartow and upper east coast. CITRUS RED MITE (Panonychus
citri) infested 25 percent of groves (norm 41 percent); 13 percent economic
(orm 21 percent). Below average populations will prevail in most districts
throughout September; highest district is Gainesville. TEXAS CITRUS MITE
(Eutetranychus banksi) infested 18 percent of groves; 7 percent economic.
Populations low in all districts and further decrease expected. FLORIDA RED
SCALE (Chrysomphalus aonidum) infested 52 percent of groves (norm 59 percent) ;
8 percent economic (norm 11 percent). Infestations light with little change
expected in most districts. Statewide populations below average; highest district
with threatening conditions is upper east coast. PURPLE SCALE (Lepidosaphes
beckii) infested 48 percent of groves; 1 percent economic. Populations will
remain at very low level in all districts. Controls recommended for scale
insects. (Simanton, Thompson, Johnson (Citrus Exp. Sta., Lake Alfred)).

CALIFORNIA RED SCALE (Aonidiella aurantii) - CALIFORNIA - Heavy population on
lemon and orange in dooryard planting in Yuba City, Sutter County. (Cal. Coop.
Rpt.).

PURPLE SCALE (Lepidosaphes beckii) - CALIFORNIA - Heavy, local population on
citrus in El Cajon, San Diego County. (Cal. Coop. Rpt.).

GRAPE LEAF ROLLER (Desmia funeralis) - CALIFORNIA - Medium populations appeared
in vineyards in Easton, Fresno County. (Cal. Coop. Rpt.).

SALT-MARSH CATERPILLAR (Estigmene acrea) - CALIFORNIA - Heavy larval populations
on grapes in Monmouth, Fresno County. (Cal. Coop. Rpt.).

TRUCK CROP INSECTS

TUBER FLEA BEETLE (Epitrix tuberis) - COLORADO - Counts light in Montrose and
Delta Counties on potatoes; ranged 0-20 per 100 sweeps. (Bulla).

POTATO FLEA BEETLE (Epitrix cucumeris) - PENNSYLVANIA - Caused considerable
damage to several potato fields in Butler County in early August. (Adams, Aug.
24).

MARGINED BLISTER BEETLE (Epicauta pestifera) -— PENNSYLVANIA - Abundant on
potatoes in Butler County. (Adams, Aug. 30).

BLACK BLISTER BEETLE (Epicauta pennsylvanica) — PENNSYLVANIA - Abundant on
potatoes in Lawrence and Clarion Counties and one-quarter acre spots with one-
third to complete defoliation in Butler County. (Adams, Aug. 30).

THREE-LINED POTATO BEETLE (Lema trilineata) -— PENNSYLVANIA - Trace infestations
present in most potato fields in Butler County. (Adams, Aug. 30).

- 867 -

POTATO LEAFHOPPER (Empoasca fabae) - DELAWARE - Adults and nymphs present to
common on pumpkin squash in Kent and Sussex Counties; adults and nymphs averaged
one per sweep on beans statewide. (Burbutis, Mason). CALIFORNIA - Light to
heavy populations on potato, beet and bean plantings in Salinas Valley, Monterey
County. (Cal. Coop. Rpt.). PENNSYLVANIA - Present on potatoes in Butler County;
4 per 25 sweeps. (Adams, Aug. 30).

GREEN PEACH APHID (Myzus persicae) - COLORADO - Counts on potatoes in Weld

County ranged 1-300 per 10 leaves. (Simpson). PENNSYLVANIA - Very light to
moderate on potatoes in Butler County. (Adams, Aug. 30). DELAWARE - Alate forms
and very young nymphs fairly common on cabbage in central Kent County. (Burbutis,
Mason).

POTATO APHID (Macrosiphum euphorbiae) - PENNSYLVANIA - Very light to moderate
on potatoes in Butler County. Adams, Aug. 30).

Potato Aphids in Aroostook County, Maine - Aphid populations on untreated
potatoes at Presque Isle dropped substantially during past week apparently due

to action of entomogenous fungi and maturation of fall migrants. Aphids killed
' by disease much more abundant than those killed by parasites. (Shands et al’.)).

CABBAGE LOOPER (Trichoplusia ni) - ARIZONA - Larvae light in young lettuce in
Maricopa County; egg counts average 2-3 per plant in some fields. (Ariz. Coop.
Sur.). NEW MEXICO - Increased on lettuce and cabbage in Dona Ana County. (N.
M. Coop. Rpt.). MARYLAND - Increased on broccoli and cabbage statewide. (U.
Md., Ent. Dept.).

FLEA BEETLES (Phyllotreta spp.) - MARYLAND - Abundant on broccoli and cabbage
in Montgomery and Howard Counties. (U. Md., Ent. Dept.).

CABBAGE APHID (Brevicoryne brassicae) - MARYLAND - Light to moderate on cabbage
and broccoli in Montgomery and Howard Counties. (U. Md., Ent. Dept.).

SQUASH BEETLE (Epilachna borealis) - MISSOURI - Single specimen collected at
Columbia, Boone County, on wild cucumber. (Munson, Thomas, Wood).

TWO-SPOTTED SPIDER MITE (Tetranychus telarius) - NORTH DAKOTA - Heavy infestation
caused severe injury to sugar beets in 15-acre field near Neche, Pembina County.
GN..D, alae. uSur.)).

SUGAR-BEET CROWN BORER (Hulstia undulatella) - CALIFORNIA - Heavy populations
on beets in Artesia, Los Angeles County. (Cal. Coop. Rpt.).

SUGAR-BEET ROOT APHID (Pemphigus betae) - NORTH DAKOTA - Scattered, light
infestations locally in sugar beet fields throughout northern Red River Valley.
(Wiebe ins. Sur).

MEXICAN BEAN BEETLE (Epilachna varivestis) - KANSAS - Additional infestations
found in Wyandotte, Johnson and Leavenworth Counties on beans; immature counts
ranged 0-20 per leaf, adults 0-5 per leaf. Damage ranged from none to very
severe. Leavenworth and Johnson are new county records for State. (Calkins,
Charlton, Peters). MARYLAND - Moderate to heavy on beans locally in Montgomery
and Howard Counties. (U. Md., Ent. Dept.). DELAWARE - Larvae present on beans
in northeastern Sussex County. (Burbutis, Mason).

BEAN LEAF BEETLE (Cerotoma trifurcata) -— KANSAS - Occasional adults on beans in
Leavenworth, Wyandotte and Johnson Counties; damage minor. (Calkins, Charlton,
Peters).

A LEAF ROLLER (Platynota stultana) - CALIFORNIA - Heavy populations on bean
plantings in Patterson, Stanislaus County. (Cal. Coop. Rpt.).

- 868 -

CORN EARWORM (Heliothis zea) - DELAWARE - Adults and larvae present in bean fields

statewide. (Burbutis, Mason).

A WHITEFLY (prob. Trialeurodes sp.) - DELAWARE - Adults rather abundant on beans
in Sussex County. (Burbutis, Mason).

A (LYGAEID (Nysius sp.) - CALIFORNIA - Heavy populations of nymphs migrated onto
bean plantings in Colusa, Colusa County. (Cal. Coop. Rpt.).

LYGUS BUGS (Lygus spp.) - IDAHO - Some late-season increase on crops in south-
western area; damaged beans in Caldwell area. (Becktolt).

GARDEN FLEAHOPPER (Halticus bracteatus) - DELAWARE - Adults and nymphs present on

beans in Sussex County; nymphs averaged 5-6 per leaf on pumpkin squash in Kent
County. (Burbutis, Mason).

A MILLIPEDE (Diploiulus latistriatus hesperus) - CALIFORNIA - Heavy populations
in gardens attacked potatoes, onions and cucumber roots in Fortuna, Humboldt
County. (Cal. Coop. Rpt.).

BEET ARMYWORM (Spodoptera exigua) - CALIFORNIA - Heavy larval infestations on
strawberry plants in Empire, Stanislaus County. (Cal. Coop. Rpt.).

COTTON INSECTS

BOLL WEEVIL (Anthonomus grandis) - OKLAHOMA - Light to medium infestations noted
in southeast and southwest areas. Localized, heavy populations exist in dryland
cotton in southwest. Light populations noted in north central area. (Okla.
Coop. Sur.). ARKANSAS - Emergence of weevils generally heavier than previous
week. Percentage of fields infested 96.4 compared with 96.7 previous week and
78.7 at same time in 1960. Average percent punctured squares 17.4 in southeast,

22.5 in central area, 18.7 in northeast and 21.7 in southwest. (Ark. Ins. Sur.).

LOUISIANA - Average percent infested squares in Tallulah area 32 compared with
17 previous week. Infestation records of little value because of scarcity of
squares. Infestations increased considerably over previous week. Emergence of
adults heavy and movement from "cut out" fields occurring. Percent infestation
exceeded 50 in many fields still under control programs. Infestations also
increased rapidly in many fields where almost no infestation existed through
August. Controls should be continued in over 50 percent of fields in Tallulah
area through mid-September and boll protection will be needed in many fields
through October 1. (Smith et al.). TENNESSEE - Migration to noninfested
counties continues. Light infestations found in Obion and Dyer Counties.
Infested squares 86 percent in untreated fields and 22 percent in treated fields
in southern tier of counties. Very severe damage occurring to small bolls in
late cotton. Controls still required. (Locke).

BOLLWORMS (Heliothis spp., et al.) - ARIZONA - Heavy populations continue to
damage some untreated cotton statewide, with average counts 3-8 larvae per 100
plants. Control measures generally successful except in cases where shower
activity has been bothersome. (Ariz. Coop. Sur.). NEW MEXICO - Very light
infestation reported in Chaves and Roosevelt Counties. (N. M. Coop. Rpt.).
OKLAHOMA - Light infestations noted in most of southwest; some counts up to 9
percent in dryland cotton. Infestations 5-15 percent in southeastern areas.
(Okla. Coop. Sur.). ARKANSAS - Infestations remain spotty. In some areas, egg
and larval counts high. Eggs now being laid on parts of plants other than
terminals in higher numbers than at any time this year. Percent infested fields
60.4 compared with 68.2 previous week and 70.6 at same time in 1960. (Ark.

Ins. Sur.). TENNESSEE - Some controls applied in western area in those

counties where boll weevil not a problem. Eggs 1-10 and larvae 1-8 per 100 ter-
minals in infested fields. (Locke). LOUISIANA - Average percent square infest-
ation 3 in Tallulah area. Infestations presently increasing. (Smith et al.).

i rt i

= 869 —-

CABBAGE LOOPER (Trichoplusia ni) - OKLAHOMA - Heavy infestations noted in some
cotton in Stephens County. (Okla. Coop. Sur.).

COTTON LEAF PERFORATOR (Bucculatrix thurberiella) - ARIZONA - Infestations continue
heavy in some fields in Yuma County and in central area; controls very successful
in most cases. (Ariz. Coop. Sur.).

COTTON LEAFWORM (Alabama argillacea) - ARKANSAS - Adult found on a window, night
of September 6,in Jonesboro, Craighead County. (Dowell).

A LEAF ROLLER (Platynota stultana) - CALIFORNIA - Heavy populations on cotton
in Wasco area, Kern County. (T. Leigh).

PINK BOLLWORM (Pectinophora gossypiella) - FLORIDA - Larva collected from
hibiscus bloom at Plantation Key, Monroe County, on August 31. This is seventh
larva collected from hibiscus blooms at Plantation Key and Upper Matecumbe Key
during July and August. (PPC, Fla. Coop. Sur.; Sept. 1).

SALT-MARSH CATERPILLAR (Estigmene acrea) - ARIZONA - Infestations continue light
in cotton statewide. (Ariz. Coop. Sur.).

FLEAHOPPERS (Psallus seriatus and Spanogonicus albofasciatus) - NEW MEXICO -
Light infestations in Roosevelt County cotton. (N. M. Coop. Rpt.).

STINK BUGS (Euschistus impictiventris and Chlorochroa sayi) - ARIZONA -
Infestations increased in some fields in all areas, particularly cotton located
near grain sorghum, (Ariz. Coop. Sur.).

LYGUS BUGS (Lygus spp.) - ARIZONA - Infestations decreased, but damage still
evident in some fields where cotton is still squaring. (Ariz. Coop. Sur.).

APHIDS - TENNESSEE - Heavy in some fields in western area; controls needed to
prevent damage to lint. (Locke).

SPIDER MITES - TENNESSEE - Continue to mature some fields of cotton. Considerable

damage still occurring in western area to late cotton where no controls applied.
(Locke).

- 870 -

FOREST, ORNAMENTAL AND SHADE TREE INSECTS

WESTERN BARK BEETLE (Dendroctonus brevicomis) - CALIFORNIA - This species and Ips

sp. infesting approximately 300 ponderosa pines in an 800-acre stand along Highway 88
88 in Amador County; infested trees to be removed to possibly avert a heavy loss
later. (G. German). Scattered fades beginning to appear in ponderosa pine in

Miami Creek Drainage area, Sierra National Forest. D. brevicomis and Ips sp.

quite active in area. (K. L. Tameler).

EUROPEAN PINE SHOOT MOTH (Rhyacionia buoliana) - KANSAS - Established nursery
infestations present in Sedgwick and Leavenworth Counties; however, Leavenworth
County infestation probably present during 1960. As far as known, these are the
first records of the species in the State. (Peters). Also see corrections on
page 874.

SPRUCE BUDWORM (Choristoneura fumiferana) - CALIFORNIA - Infesting groups of fir
in an 80-acre stand in Raider Canyon area in South Warner Mountains in Modoc
County. Noticeable damage now showing. (W. Hamilton).

A COSMOPTERYGID (Periploca n. sp.) - CALIFORNIA - Causing heavy damage to junipers
in Houghson, Stanislaus County. (Cal. Coop. Rpt.).

BAGWORM (Thyridopteryx ephemeraeformis) — OKLAHOMA - Reported on evergreens in
Mayer and Texas Counties. (Okla. Coop. Sur.).

BALSAM-FIR SAWFLY (Neodiprion abietis) - CALIFORNIA - Causing spotted foliage
damage to fir trees in many spots in Pinecrest area, Stanislaus County. (C.R. Quick).

RED-HEADED PINE SAWFLY (Neodiprion lecontei) - PENNSYLVANIA - Moderate to heavy
on red pine generally and on a Christmas tree farm in Warren County on August
30. (Mikrut).

PINE BARK APHID (Pineus strobi) - MARYLAND - Heavy on several white pines in
College Park area. (U. Md., Ent. Dept.).

MITES - UTAH - Damaged some blue spruce and juniper trees in Ogden area of Weber
County. (Knowlton).

FALL WEBWORM (Hyphantria cunea) - RHODE ISLAND - Nests large and conspicuous in
Warwick area on roadside brush. (Hansen). PENNSYLVANIA - Severe webbing general

in south central area on hardwoods on August 20 (Balsbaugh) and common on hardwoods
in Blair County area on August 28, but heaviest in that county (Schroeder).
Appearing on hosts, deciduous trees and shrubs, in Montgomery, Bucks and Chester
Counties. (Cole, Millett). Defoliation becoming apparent on hardwoods in Mercer
County. (Miller, Aug. 30). NEW MEXICO - Light infestation of second generation on
pecan, mulberry and poplar trees in southern area. (N. M. Coop. Rpt.).

MIMOSA WEBWORM (Homadaula albizziae) - MARYLAND - Severe damage to honeylocust and
mimosa noted in central and southern sections. (U. Md., Ent. Dept.). PENNSYLVANIA -
Moderate in nursery in southeast; very light to scarce on ornamental mimosa.

(Cole, Millett). Ornamental Moraine honeylocust infested in Bedford County. (Udine).
INDIANA - Infestation general on mimosa trees in Evansville area. (Everly).

MOURNING-CLOAK BUTTERFLY (Nymphalis antiopa) - PENNSYLVANIA - Larval infestation
moderate on elms in Venango County on August 28. (Miller).

OAK SKELETONIZER (Bucculatrix ainsliella) - INDIANA - Reported causing damage to
trees in northern area. (Matthew).

ORANGE-STRIPED OAKWORM (Anisota senatoria) - RHODE ISLAND - Small, localized
infestation observed on scrub oak in East Greenwich. (Mathewson).

POPLAR TENT MAKER (Ichthyura inclusa) - MARYLAND - Larvae stripped 3 small Lombardy

- 871 =

poplars at Silver Spring, Montgomery County. (U. Md., Ent. Dept.).

LOCUST LEAF MINER (Xenochalepus dorsalis) - PENNSYLVANIA - Scattered generally
throughout Blair and Huntingdon Counties on locust on August 28. (Schroeder).

ELM LEAF BEETLE (Galerucella xanthomelaena) - COLORADO - Adults emerging in Grand
Junction, Mesa County. Adults numerous and attracted to lights at night around
dwellings. Severe defoliation of elms by larvae occurred in Mesa and Fremont
Counties. (Hantsbarger, Bulla). OKLAHOMA - Damage continues widespread throughout
State; adults still seeking shelter in buildings in Stillwater area. (Okla. Coop.
Siube ,))

SMALLER EUROPEAN ELM BARK BEETLE (Scolytus multistriatus) - NEVADA - Infested
trees found for first time at Stead Air Force Base, Washoe County. (Bechtel,
Parker). NEBRASKA - Infestation present in elm trees in Seward County. (Bergman).

ELM LEAF APHID (Myzocallis ulmifolii) - OKLAHOMA - Counts 4 per leaflet in Ponca
City area. (Okla. Coop. Sur.).

EUROPEAN ELM SCALE (Gossyparia spuria) - CALIFORNIA - Heavy egg deposits on elm
twigs now in Alturas area, Modoc County. (Cal. Coop. Rpt.).

TULIPTREE SCALE (Toumeyella liriodendri) - DELAWARE - Crawlers observed on tulip-
trees in northern New Castle County on September 6. (MacCreary).

OBSCURE SCALE (Chrysomphalus obscurus) - PENNSYLVANIA - Eggs hatching August 18
in Harrisburg area, Dauphin County, on oaks, particularly pin oaks. Probably
appeared 2 weeks earlier in southeastern and southern tier of counties. (Sleesman).

A MEALYBUG (Phenacoccus acericola) - RHODE ISLAND - Extremely heavy on leaves and
branches of maple in Providence. (Mathewson).

LACE BUGS - NORTH DAKOTA - High populations continue to be reported on elms in
southeastern area. (N. D. Ins. Sur., Sept. 1). MARYLAND - Continue heavy on
azalea, sycamore, oak and pyracantha in Prince Georges County. (U. Md., Ent. Dept.).

NATIVE HOLLY LEAF MINER (Phytomyza ilicicola) - MARYLAND - Heavy on American holly
at College Park, Prince Georges County. (U. Md., Ent. Dept.)

HONEYSUCKLE SAWFLY (Zaraea inflata) - PENNSYLVANIA - Large numbers on various plants
along roadsides in Bedford County. (Udine).

BOXELDER LEAF ROLLER (Gracilaria negundella) - NEVADA - Causing heavy damage to box-
elder in Elko, Elko County. (Del Curto).

A LEAF BEETLE (Chlamisus comptoniae) - PENNSYLVANIA - Seven specimens collected
from sweetfern (Comptonia peregrina) in Clarks Valley, Dauphin County, on May 30;
a new State record. (Balsbaugh).

A JAPANESE WEEVIL (Pseudocneorhinus bifasciatus) - PENNSYLVANIA - Infesting lilac,
azalea and rose in a home garden at Springfield, Delaware County. (Cole, Millett).

GLADIOLUS THRIPS (Taeniothrips simplex) - UTAH - Damaged gladiolus biossoms and
leaves in some Salt Lake City gardens. (Knowlton).

BLACK BLISTER BEETLE (Epicauta pennsylvanica) - PENNSYLVANIA - Adults numerous and
and found feeding on blossoms of gladiolus in Snyder County on August 22. (Balsbaugh).

APHIDS - OKLAHOMA - Heavy infestations of several species reported from north
central area on crapemyrtle, pyracantha and cotoneaster. (Okla. Coop. Sur.).
CALIFORNIA - Macrosiphum coweni infesting sagebrush in El Dorado National Forest.
(J. Flynn).

- 872 -

TWO-SPOTTED SPIDER MITE (Tetranychus telarius) - NORTH DAKOTA - High populations
causing severe damage to annual and perennial flower plants in home gardens in
many sections of State. (N. D. Ins. Sur., Sept. 1).

INSECTS AFFECTING MAN AND ANIMALS

FACE FLY (Musca autumnalis) - ARKANSAS - Survey of two herds in Polk County yielded
no infestations. (Ark. Ins. Sur.). SOUTH DAKOTA - Four new county records reported;
very heavy on cattle and horses in Bennett and Washabaugh Counties and light on
cattle in Douglas and McCook Counties. (Mast, Hanten). WYOMING - No infestations
found in surveys in Teton, Lincoln and Sublette Counties. (Fullerton).

HORN FLY (Haematobia irritans) - NORTH DAKOTA - High populations continue in most
sections of State. (N. D. Ins. Sur., Sept. 1). WYOMING - Adults very numerous on
livestock herds in Lincoln and Teton Counties. (Fullerton). OKLAHOMA - Populations
decreased from previous week. (Okla. Coop. Sur.).

STABLE FLY (Stomoxys calcitrans) - NORTH DAKOTA - High populations continue in
most sections of State. (N. D. Ins. Sur., Sept. 1). WYOMING - Populations
remain high on cattle in Lincoln, Teton and Sublette Counties. (Fullerton).
MARYLAND - Very troublesome to humans and dogs at beach near Lexington Park,

St. Marys County. (U. Md., Ent. Dept.). OKLAHOMA - Increased over previous week
in north central area. (Okla. Coop. Sur.).

SCREW-WORM (Callitroga hominivorax) - FLORIDA - Aerial dispersals of 5,332,800
sterile flies by August 30 covered over 1,900 square miles in a 5-county area
centered near Bonifay, including one county in Alabama. Inspection of livestock
and aerial dispersal of sterile flies continued in western eradication area; no
positive reports since June 27. Dispersals expected to continue at rate of
500,000 flies per day for several weeks. (Conner, Fla. Dept. of Agri.). KANSAS -
Heavily infested navel of newborn calf in Riley County. (Pitts). OKLAHOMA -
Scattered cases in Stillwater area. (Okla. Coop. Sur.).

MOSQUITOES - NEW MEXICO - Populations increased in Dona Ana County. (N. M. Coop.
Rpt.). UTAH - Caused annoyance in Cache and Box Elder Counties on August 31.

Aedes nigromaculis very numerous briefly in area north of Salt Lake City Airport.
Culex tarsalis populations low and C. pipiens increased; Aedes dorsalis populations
well below average in Salt Lake Mosquito Abatement district. (Knowlton). RHODE
ISLAND - Various species becomming extremely abundant and troublesome in Wakefield
and Narragansett areas. (Hansen).

HOUSE FLY (Musca domestica) - NORTH DAKOTA - High populations continue in most
sections of State. (N. D. Ins. Sur., Sept. 1). SOUTH DAKOTA - Adults migrating
indoors became a serious pest statewide. (Mast). NEBRASKA - Average populations
present in east central area. (Jones). OKLAHOMA - Populations unchanged over
previous week. (Okla. Coop. Sur.).

TABANIDS (Tabanus spp.) - OKLAHOMA - Populations of T. abactor, T. sulcifrons and

T. lineola increased about 10 percent over previous week in Payne County. (Okla.
Coop. Sur.).

BLOW FLIES - UTAH - Numerous about fishing camps locally in Logan Canyon, Cache
County. (Knowlton).

COMMON CATTLE GRUB (Hypoderma lineatum) - OKLAHOMA - Averaged 2 grubs per yearling
steer in Osage County. (Okla. Coop. Sur.).

CATTLE LICE - UTAH - Numerous on some range bulls in Duchesne County. (Knowlton).
CAT FLEA (Ctenocephalides felis) - CALIFORNIA ~- Heavy populations invaded commercial

store in Lake Cachuma, Santa Barbara County, and several homes in Sacramento,
Sacramento County. (Cal. Coop. Rpt.).

- 873 -

PUSS CATERPILLAR (Megalopyge opercularis) - FLORIDA - Venom setae pierced woman's
finger with reaction similar to black widow spider bite in Tampa area, Hills-
borough County. (Fla. Coop. Sur., Sept. 1).

EAR TICK (Otobius megnini) - ARKANSAS - Several specimens collected from cattle
in Yell County. (Oakes).

BROWN DOG TICK (Rhipicephalus sanguineus) - CALIFORNIA - Heavy infestations locally
in yards and kennel in Sacramento, Sacramento County. (Cal. Coop. Rpt.).

STORED-PRODUCT INSECTS

A HAIRY FUNGUS BEETLE (Typhaea stercorea) - PENNSYLVANIA - Appeared in grain in
barns and milkhouse in Elk and Clearfield Counties. (Adams, Aug. 27).

SAW--TOOTHED GRAIN BEETLE (Oryzaephilus surinamensis) - NORTH DAKOTA - Heavy
infestation locally in Hettinger County. (N. D. Ins. Sur., Sept. 1). SOUTH DAKOTA -
Damaged stored grain in Spink County. (Hanten).

CASEMAKING CLOTHES MOTH (Tinea pellionella) - NORTH DAKOTA - Many cases with most
adults emerged collected from stored bobcat and beaver pelts at Columbus, Burke
County. (N. DS Ins. Sur...

BENEFICIAL INSECTS

LADY BEETLES - OKLAHOMA - Light to heavy in cotton and alfalfa fields in south-
eastern and southwestern areas. (Okla. Coop. Sur.). IDAHO - Common in alfalfa
fields throughout Canyon County. (Becktolt). WYOMING - Hippodamia convergens

adults averaged 18 per 100 sweeps in alfalfa in Lincoln, Teton and Sublette Counties.
(Fullerton).

A LACEWING (Chrysopa sp.) - IDAHO - Common in alfalfa fields throughout Canyon
County. (Becktolt).

NABIDS (Nabis spp.) - ARKANSAS - Most common predator in soybean fields surveyed
in Jefferson County. (Ark. Ins. Sur.). WYOMING - Adults averaged 15 per 100 sweeps
in alfalfa in Lincoln, Teton and Sublette Counties. (Fullerton).

A WASP (Scolia dubia) - VIRGINIA - Appeared in Kinsale, Westmoreland County.
(Tarpley, Aug. 31). MARYLAND - Adults very abundant about golf course in Prince
Georges County and numerous on lawn in Bethesda, Montgomery County. (U. Md., Ent.
Dept.).

MISCELLANEOUS INSECTS

STRAWBERRY CROWN BORER (Tyloderma fragariae) - SOUTH DAKOTA - Nuisance in homes in
Meade and Edwards Counties. (Mast).

A BOSTRICHID (Stephanopachys substriatus) - CALIFORNIA - Medium infestation in
Philippine mahogany woodwork in residence in San Diego, San Diego County. (V. Roth).

LESSER MEALWORM (Alphitobius diaperinus) - CALIFORNIA - Heavy populations migrating
from cemetery grounds and invading homes in Ontario, San Bernardino County. (Cal.
Coop. Rpt.).

WHITE-FRINGED BEETLES (Graphognathus spp.) - ARKANSAS - New infestations reported
in Greene, northern Mississippi and St. Francis Counties. (Ark. Ins. Sur.).

FULLER ROSE BEETLE (Pantomorus godmani) - CALIFORNIA - Heavy local population on
honeysuckle in San Diego, San Diego County. (V. Roth).

- 874 -

ASIATIC OAK WEEVIL (Cyrtepistomus castaneus) - VIRGINIA - Caused concern in
Cumberland, Cumberland County, and Bluefield, Tazewell County. (Tarpley). OHIO -
Nuisance in homes in Washington, Pike and Athens Counties; determined by J. K.
Knull. (Holdsworth).

BLACK VINE WEEVIL (Brachyrhinus sulcatus) - PENNSYLVANIA - Infestations light to
heavy in southeastern area. (Cole, Millett).

EUROPEAN EARWIG (Forficula auricularia) - UTAH - Severely, notched hedge, peony and
lilac leaves locally in Logan. (Knowlton). NEVADA - Heavy infestations with
moderate damage to home gardens in Lee area, Elko County. (Del Curto). COLORADO -
Appeared on peach tree in Aurora, Arapahoe County. (Hantsharger).

YELLOW JACKETS - UTAH - Annoying about several Logan and North Logan homes and in
fishing area at mouth of Logan Canyon, Cache County. (Knowlton). NORTH DAKOTA -

Home and yard infestations continue more numerous than usual in eastern section.

(NDE eins Sux):

CICADA KILLER (Sphecius speciosus) - PENNSYLVANIA - Numerous in Harrisburg, Dauphin
County and a nuisance in a warehouse in Erie County. (Sleesman, Miller; Aug. 16).

GIANT HORNET (Vespa crabro germana) - SOUTH CAROLINA - Collected in Laurens
County; determined by F. McAlister. (Nettles et al.).

HARLEQUIN BUG (Murgantia histrionica) - CALIFORNIA - Medium populations in Placer-
ville, El Dorado County. Species has been more numerous in many locations over
State in gardens and on shrubs than in past years. (Cal. Coop. Rpt.).

CRICKETS - INDIANA - Nemobius spp. more abundant and causing greater nuisance
around homes since 1959. (Matthew). PENNSYLVANIA - Acheta spp. appeared around
homes in Centre County. (Adams, Aug. 27).

CORRECTIONS

CEIR 11(33):784 - EUROPEAN PINE SHOOT MOTH (Rhyacionia buoliana) - KANSAS - Infest-
ation in Ellis County not established. However, pines were brought in from a Sedg-
wick County nursery this past spring and the infestation is established. There is

also an established infestation in a Christmas tree planting in Leavenworth County.
The Leavenworth County infestation was probably present during 1960. These are the
only known infestations in the State. (Peters).

CEIR 11(34) :803 - BOLL WEEVIL (Anthonomus grandis) - TEXAS - First collection of
season from Conley County should be Donley County.

CEIR 11(36) :853 - STABLE FLY (Stomoxys calcitrans) - SOUTH DAKOTA - Report from
this state should have read HORN FLY (Haematobia irritans) rather than stable fly.

- 875 -
LIGHT TRAP COLLECTIONS

Pseud. Agrot. Perid. Prod. Laphyg. Tric. Alabama Heliothis

unip. ips. Saucia ornith. frug. ni argillacea zea vires.
ARIZONA

Mesa 8/24-30 ik 52 242 215
ARKANSAS
Hope 8/31-9/5 18 4 6
Kelso 8/31-9/5 1
Fayetteville 8/31- 17 8 6 47
9/5
Little Rock 8/31-9/5 8 17 41
CALIFORNIA
Shafter 8/31-9/5 5 4 689* 24
COLORADO
Alamosa 9/1-8 4 1 2
‘Delores 9/1-8 5 2 1 2 3
FLORIDA
Quincy 8/28 hl
Gainesville 9/5-6 19 1 17 43 44
ILLINOIS
Urbana (So. Farm) 80 42 96 34 5 60
9/1-7
INDIANA (Counties)
Jasper 8/29,30;9/1,2 12 14 22 5 2
La Porte 8/29;9/4 114 62 14 12 34
Lawrence 8/30,31; 34 21 9 3 ral
9/1,5
Tippecanoe 8/25,26, 13 5 8 14 7
30 ,31;9/1-7
Vanderburgh 8/30;9/5 136 19 15 1 50 77
KANSAS
Garden City 8/28-9/1 4 3 38
Hays 8/31,9/2,5 4 2 6 5
Manhattan 8/30-9/8 15 1 3 11 49
LOUISIANA
Tallulah 9/2-8 10 3 3 49 8 4&
MISSISSIPPI
**kStoneville 9/1-7 201 122 398 80 2,019 801 25
NEBRASKA
McCook 8/24,26,29, 2 13 10 3 4 fA 8
31
North Platte 8/31- 104 58 2 1 4 1
9/6
Parks 8/18-31 26 15 27 2 25
Scotts Bluff Exp. 4 3 6
Sta. 8/27-9/2
NEW JERSEY
Seabrook 8/27 5 1
Bridgeport 8/27 23 4 11
Evesboro 8/27 5 4 3
SOUTH CAROLINA
Charleston 9/3-10 8 29 203 165 24 301 5
Clemson 9/2-8 48 13 2 148 17 CCE
TEXAS
Waco 9/2-8 58 32 30 19 1,684 345 341 4

* Too numerous to count on August 31 and approximately 500 on September 5. Total
number for 9/2-4; 189.
** Two traps Stoneville (collections discarded one day)

- 876 -

OUTLOOK FOR FOREST INSECT ACTIVITY IN CALIFORNIA

FALL AND WINTER OF 1961-62

Prepared by Ralph C. Hall
U. S. Forest Service

Introduction: For the past two years, California has experienced heavy losses in
timber due to BARK BEETLES. The most critical of these has been in areas
suffering from moisture deficiency during the spring months. The spring pre-
cipitation picture for the State as a whole for 1961 is quite variable, ranging
from more than 100 percent of normal in Eureka to about 30 percent of normal in
San Diego. In most cases the seasonal precipitation follows about the same
pattern as that presented by the spring period. Taking all known factors into
consideration, the outlook for forest insect problems for the fall and winter (1961-
1962) appear as follows: The overall outlook for the State indicates that losses
from BARK BEETLES will be generally light in the north coast area, moderate in
the northeastern portion of the State, heavy in the central and southern Sierra
and very heavy in southern California. Losses on burns, particularly those which
occurred two years ago, are expected to show a marked increase. Lightning-struck
trees, particularly ponderosa pine, are expected to create an additional insect
hazard in all areas where early summer electrical storms were prevalent.

North Coast Zone: This includes the northwestern counties from Mendocino, Lake
and Glenn Counties north to Siskiyou County. No major change in insect activity

is expected in this area by the major forest insects over the zone as a whole.

Some scattered, local outbreaks of WESTERN PINE BEETLE (Dendroctonus brevicomis)
are expected in the lower-elevation fringe pine type. Some increase in Melanophila
drummondi and DOUGLAS-FIR BEETLE (Dendroctonus pseudotsugae) in Douglas-fir will
probably occur. Losses are expected to increase on the two-year-old burns.

Northeastern California Zone: This zone includes the Cascades and Sierra Nevada
Ranges from eastern Siskiyou.and Modoc Counties south to Plumas County. No major
change in insect activity is expected in this zone as a whole. WESTERN PINE
BEETLE is expected to remain at about the same level as last year, with scattered
losses continuing at a moderate to high level in eastside stands. Some increases
are expected locally in trees struck by lightning in the early summer storms.

Ips spp. activity is expected to decrease over last year. FIR ENGRAVER (Scolytus
ventralis) will probably continue at its present high level over the zone as a
whole. Activity of JEFFREY PINE BEETLE (Dendroctonus jeffreyi) and MOUNTAIN
PINE BEETLE (Dendroctonus monticolae) will continue at about the same as for last
year. Some increase of CALIFORNIA FLATHEADED BORER (Melanophila californica)

and M. drummondi may occur. SPRUCE BUDWORM (Choristoneura fumiferana) activity
is expected to be slightly downward. Insect activity around the major burns is
is expected to increase over last year.

Central and Southern Sierra Zone: This zone includes the Sierra Nevada Range from
Sierra County south to Kern County, Inyo and Mono Counties, and embraces the
Yosemite and Sequoia-Kings Canyon National Parks. Insect activity in the northern
areas and in the Mother Lode country may decrease, but epidemic losses in the
southern part of the Sierra Nevada Range will probably continue. Ips spp.
activity is expected to be less than last year, particularly in the northern part
and in the Mother Lode. WESTERN PINE BEETLE will cause less damage in the
northern portion of the zone, but will continue to cause high losses in the
southern part. FIR ENGRAVER is expected to be at a high level over the whole
zone, but not to the extreme high level of last year. JEFFERY PINE BEETLE is
expected to continue at a relatively high level in local areas. The MOUNTAIN

PINE BEETLE situation will probably not change. The situation concerning a

PINE REPRODUCTION WEEVIL (Cylindrocopturus eatoni) may improve, particularly in

- 877 -

natural stands. In Douglas-fir, Melanophila drummondi is expected to remain at
a high level in a few local areas, but with some improvement expected. Insect
activity around the major burns is expected to increase over last year.

Southern California Zone: This includes the forested areas south of the Tehachapi
Mountains and in the Coast Range south of Monterey Bay. The insect situation in
southern California will reach an alltime high in areas where no control action

is taken. The maintenance control action that has been underway for the last

four years in southern California should keep losses stabilized in all areas under
maintenance control. The insects involved in this zone include WESTERN PINE
BEETLE, Ips spp., JEFFREY PINE BEETLE, FIR ENGRAVER, MOUNTAIN PINE BEETLE and
CALIFORNIA FLATHEADED BORER. There are no important timber burns in southern
California.

EE EE oe 2 2 OK 2 2k a OK ok

Change of Generic Name for Field Crickets

As a result of research in systematics and comparative behavior at the
University of Michigan (Ann Arbor) and MacDonald College (Montreal, Canada),
American field crickets which for several years have been placed in the

genus Acheta are now referred to the genus Gryllus (Jobin, L. J. and

Bigelow, S. 1961. Canad. Ent. 93(4):313, footnote.). Gryllus was the
traditional generic assignment for these crickets prior to a preliminary
division of the genus (in a broad sense) that occurred some years ago. The
house cricket, domesticus (L.), remains in Acheta, as it is generically
distinct from the field crickets. Seven species of Gryllus currently are
recognized in the eastern United States, but, without information relating to
the songs or other aspects of bionomics, species identifications sometimes
are practically impossible. Only preliminary information on the species
inhabiting the western half of the United States is available, although work
based on the latest methods is under way. (A. B. Gurney, Insect Identification
& Parasite Introduction Research Branch, Entomology Research Division, USDA).

- 878 -

INTERCEPTIONS OF SPECIAL INTEREST AT U. S. PORTS OF ENTRY

Some important interceptions that were reported June 30, 1961, by the Plant
Quarantine Division, ARS, USDA, follow. These reports are based on identifications
received from Federal taxonomists at the U. S. National Museum during the month

of June 1961. They do not necessarily represent interceptions taken during the
month, but do include any of special interest from recent months that were not
previously reported.

ASIATIC RICE BORER (Chilo suppressalis (Walker)) in rice straw in baggage destined
for Massachusetts at New York, New York, and in stores at San Diego, California.

A BOSTRICHID (Bostrichus capucinus (L.)) in licorice root cargo at Baltimore,
Maryland.

A SUGAR-BEET CROWN BORER (Gnorimoschema ocellatella (Boyd)) in stores at
Philadelphia, Pennsylvania.

WHITE GARDEN SNAIL (Theba pisana (Muller)) 2 times in cargo at Norfolk, Virginia.

A CHRYSOMELID (Phyllobrotica sp.) 2 times with lily bulb cargo destined for
California at San Francisco, California.

A CHRYSOMELID (Lema melanopa L.) with plant in soil in baggage destined for
Michigan at Detroit, Michigan; also twice with nursery stock for various des-
tinations at Hoboken, New Jersey.

OLIVE FRUIT FLY (Dacus oleae (Gmelin)) in mail at Honolulu, Hawaii, and in baggage
for New York at New York, New York.

KHAPRA BEETLE (Trogoderma granarium Everts) 13 times; in stores at Port Arthur,
Texas, one time; at Jacksonville, Florida, one time in stores; at Houston, Texas,
9 times (including 7 in used bagging cargo for Texas and 2 in stores); at Boston,
Massachusetts, one time in stores; and at Charleston, South Carolina, one time
in stores.

A CERAMBYCID (Callidium rufipenne Motsch.) (species of some significance in Japan)
3 times; at Hoboken, New Jersey, one time in cargo of Paeonia for New Jersey; at
Buffalo, New York, one time in mail for Long Island; and at Miami, Florida, one
time in dunnage wood.

A SAWFLY (Arge similis (Voll.)) (an economic species in Japan) in mail shipments
of Rhododendron cuttings destined for Glenn Dale, Maryland, at District of
Columbia Inspection House,

A SPIDER MITE (Tetranychus viennensis Zacher) in baggage for Washington at Seattle,
Washington.

A MITE (Bryobia chari P. & K.) in baggage destined for California at Honolulu,
Hawaii.

GOLDEN NEMATODE (Heterodera rostochiensis Wall.) in soil with plants destined for
Califernia at San Pedro, California,

- 879 -

INSECTS NOT KNOWN TO OCCUR IN THE UNITED STATES
FLEA BEETLES (Chaetocnema spp.)

Economic Importance: Although the genus Chaetocnema is well represented in the
United States, several additional species have been recorded as important

pests in various parts of Europe, Asia and North Africa. The four species and
one subspecies that are more frequently
mentioned in the literature are C.
concinna (Marsh.), C. tibialis tibialis
(Ganley C. tibialis breviuscula (Fald.),
C. aridula (Gyll.) and C. hortensis
(Geoffr.). The first three have been
recorded as serious pests of sugar beets
while the latter two are injurious to
cereal crops and various grasses. Of
the two that attack cereal crops, C.
hortensis appears to be more widespread,
but C. aridula is probably the more
important since it attacks both oats and
barley while the former lives chiefly

on barley. Wheat is rarely attacked by
either species. All of the species and
subspecies that attack sugar beets are
considered important in areas where they
occur. C. t. tibialis is very injurious
in southern France where it is abundant
and C. t. breviuscula has been reported
as the most important pest of sugar beets
in the USSR. C. concinna replaces C. t.
tibialis in northern Europe and, in
addition to sugar beets, is a serious
pest of several other crops which
include rhubarb, buckwheat and mangold.

Figure I. Chaetocnema aridula

larval damage to stalks of oats Damage to grain crops is caused primarily

by the larvae. Growth of infested

plants is slow; the central leaf becomes

yellowish and sometimes the terminal buds
die. Excessive tillering of infested plants occurs and yields are often-times
considerably reduced. Damage is most frequently noted on the margins of fields.
Damage to sugar beets is caused primarily by the adults; however, larvae of C. t.
breviuscula have been recorded as feeding on beet roots while larvae of C
tibialis and C. concinna develop in roots of Chenopodiaceae and Polygonaceae,
respectively. Adult feeding on young sugar beets can be severe, sometimes
destroying the crop.

Distribution: C. aridula and C. hortensis occur throughout all of Europe and
east to Asia; C. hortensis also occurs in North Africa. C. concinna occurs
throughout most of Europe and east into Siberia, but is largely replaced by C. t.
tibialis in the southern areas of western Europe. C. tibialis is found in all of
Mediterranean Europe, Turkey, Iraq, United Arab Republic (Egypt), southern USSR
(including Turkestan) and the Ryukyu Islands (Asia) (the subspecies C. t.
tibialis occurs in the west and C. t. breviuscula in the eastern part of the
species distribution).

Hosts: C. aridula and C. hortensis have been recorded on a number of grasses
and small grains including oats, barley, wheat and rye; however, oats and barley
appear to be the most important. Adults of C. concinna, C. t. tibialis and C. t.
breviuscula may be found feeding on a number of hosts, but the most economic —
damage occurs to sugar beets. Adults of C. concinna have also been recorded
damaging buckwheat, strawberry, kale, hops, rhubarb, hemp, dullseed cornbind,

(Chrysomelidae, Coleoptera) No. 137 of Series

- 880 -

lambsquarter goosefoot, Rumex spp., mangold and a number of other plants; and (Go
t. tibialis adults have also been recorded on barley, mustard, soybean,
rippleseed plantain and all plants of the Salsolaceae.

Life History and Habits: The biology of C. aridula and C. hortensis is quite
Similar. Adults appear during May in France. Eggs are deposited toward the base
of young grain or grass plants, sometimes in the axils of leaves or on the tips
of leaves. Hatching occurs in a few days and young larvae penetrate into the
internode of the stem. It first excavates a fine gallery which is perceptibly
horizontal, then ascends irregularly without going beyond the node situated
just above. As many as 3 larvae have been found in the same internode. The
plant, hindered in development, sometimes appears sinuous and folded. Larvae
mature in about 3 weeks and leave the plants through very conspicuous, little
round holes at the ground level. Pupation takes place in the soil 6-8 days
later and adult emergence occurs in 18-21 days. Adult feeding takes place on
wild grasses and hibernation occurs at the base of grass tufts. Mating and
oviposition occur the following spring. Only one generation a year has been
recorded.

C. t. tibialis appears as early as April in France. They begin feeding on leaves
of saltbush, Russianthistle and beets, riddling them with holes which encroach on
the parenchyma but do not go through it. Copulation occurs around the first of
May and oviposition begins almost immediately. Eggs are laid on the ground.
Larvae hatch and feed on roots of host plants. Apparently 2 or more generations
occur each year in France. Adults of the last, and even the preceding

generations, overwinter.

Overwintered adults of C. concinna appear as early as the last of April and
immediately attack leaves of Polygonum. Copulation and oviposition occur during
the warm hours of the first fine days. Isolated eggs are deposited in the -
ground at the base of host plants. Incubation takes 15-30 days, after which
young larvae hatch and excavate fine superficial galleries in the roots of
Polygonum. Larvae mature in about 28 days and leave plants to pupate in the soil.
New adults emerge in about 30 days and seek hibernation quarters.

The life cycle of C. t. breviuscula is similar to that of C. concinna and C. t.

tibialis with the exception that larvae feed on the roots of sugar beets.

Descriptions: The species of Chaetocnema that attack grain crops, C. aridula and
C. hortensis, are similar in appearance as are the species and subspecies that
attack sugar beets, C. concinna, C. t. tibialis and C. t. breviuscula. Detailed

illustrations of C. aridula and Cr concinna can be found on pages 881 and 882.
Adult descriptions follow.

C. aridula and C. hortensis ADULTS - Length 2.5 mm.; moderately shining metallic
greenish to bronze piceous; head wide; frons without longitudinal oval relief
between points of insertion of antennae that is found in C. concinna. Punctation
of head rather fine, more marked at inner margin of eyes. Supraantennal plates
inconspicuous (see fig. II). Antennae 1l-segmented; first 5 more or less tinted
with yellowish. Pronotum uniformly punctate; narrow flange on base and sides.
Metasternum regularly punctate both on its disc and on its sides (see fig. II).
Scutellum smooth; elytra dark, dullish bronze with irregular punctures, sometimes
more or less lined up in form of striae. Legs yellowish or brownish, with
exception of femora which are greenish black. Four hind tibiae show externally,
at the level of their terminal third, a large tooth underlined by a fringe of
hairs, which represents the extremity of the very strongly lengthened tarsal
basket. Tarsi 4-segmented; third widened and grooved (notched). First segment
of four front tarsi in males very conspicuously dilated and as long as other 3;
posterior femora strongly swollen.

- 881 -

Adults of C. aridula and C. hortensis can be separated by the following:

1. Top of head and surface of pronotum more finely
punctate than the frons and the face. Elytra
punctate at random, except sometimes behind and
on the sides. Segments of the base of the
antennae spotted with brown above, at least the
first. Front femora of a metallic greenish black.
General form rather elongated.——-—---—— C. aridula.

2. Top of head and surface of pronotum strongly and
densely punctate with punctures as strong as
those of the frons and of the face. Elytra
showing twin punctures in pairs and forming
rather conspicuous striae behind and on the sides.
Segments of the base of the antennae of a
uniform yellow, without a spot. Front femora
offarbrowodsh black. —-—————————— -C. hortensis.

Figure II. Illustrations of Chaetocnema aridula (Gyll.) : A - Adult
seen from above. B - Front tarsus of female; C - same in profile. D -
Front tarsus of male; E - same in profile. F - Head seen from above.

G - Underpart of metasternum showing punctation.

C. t. tibialis and C. concinna ADULTS - Small, 1.5 mm. long, relatively wide and
rather strongly arcuate above. General color rather dull metallic green with more
or less coppery reflection on head and prothorax. Antennae black, except for
first 5 segments which are testaceous. Legs colored as follows: All femora black;
tibiae and tarsi testaceous. C. t. tibialis head shows, between the antennae, a
longitudinal oval elevation laterally edged by a row of punctures (or dots) which
is prolonged and curved in along the cheeks. (see fig. III). Pronotum rather
arcuate, densely and distinctly punctate; behind its anterior angles is found a
well-marked callus; its sides distinctly flanged, but its posterior margin is

not. This is the essential character permitting separation of C. t. tibialis

from C. concinna. C. concinna shows a pronotum that is finely flanged behind all
along its base; elytra with well-marked punctate striae; interstriae dull,

finely punctate and reticulate. Males of both C. t. tibialis and C. concinna

show greatly dilated first tarsal segments which are 2 times wider than the
following ones.

- 882 -

C. t. breviuscula ADULT - It differs from C. concinna in that there are no

Oblique depressions on the pronotum and no punctures near the base of the elytra.
It differs from C. t. tibialis by the considerably smaller number of punctures
on the frons between the eyes. Interspaces between punctate striae on elytra
of C. t. breviuscula have small punctures, without transverse rugae; base of
antennae, tibae and tarsi testaceous, lightly reddish; length 1.5-2.2 mm.
(Prepared in Survey and Detection Operations in cooperation with other ARS
agencies). CEIR 11(37) 9-15-61.

Figure IV - Illustrations of Chaetocnema concinna (Marsh)
A - Adult, dorsal view. B - Hind leg, dorsal view; C -
same, ventral view. D - Head, front view. E - Front
tarsus of male; F - same of female.

Major references: 1. Balachowsky, A. and Mesnil, L. 1935, 1936.
Nuisibles aux Plantes Cultivees. Vol. 1 and 2, 1921 pp., Paris. (Figures of
adults and damage). 2. Shchegolev, V. N. 1955. Agricultural Entomology. 616
pp., Moscow. /In Rus., p. 375 7. 3. Heikertinger, F. and Csiki, E. 1940.
Coleopterorum Catalogus /W. Junk 7. Pt. 169. Chrysomelidae, Halticini. pp.

385, 387, Gravenhage, Netherlands.

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