Historic, archived document

Do not assume content reflects current
scientific knowledge, policies, or practices.

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eT WOL. 17, No. 20 May 19, 1967

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Coopera tive
ECONOMIC INSECT
REPORT

Issued by

PLANT PEST CONTROL DIVISION
AGRICULTURAL RESEARCH SERVICE

UNITED STATES DEPARTMENT OF AGRICULTURE

AGRICULTURAL RESEARCH SERVICE

PLANT PEST CONTROL DIVISION

SURVEY AND DETECTION OPERATIONS

The Cooperative Economic Insect Report is issued
weekly as a service to American Agriculture. Its contents
are compiled from information supplied by cooperating State,
Federal, and industrial entomologists and other agricultural
workers. In releasing this material the Division serves as
a clearing house and does not assume responsibility for ac-
curacy of the material.

All correspondence pertaining to additions, dele-
tions and changes of addresses for the mailing
list for this report should be sent to:

Service Operations Division
Office of Plant and Operations
United States Department of Agriculture
Washington, D. C. 20250

Reports and inquiries pertaining to this release
should be mailed to:

Survey and Detection Operations
Plant Pest Control Division
Agricultural Research Service
United States Department of Agriculture
Federal Center Building
Hyattsville, Maryland 20782

Volume 17 May 19, 1967 Number 20
COOPERATIVE ECONOMIC INSECT REPORT
HIGHLIGHTS
Current Conditions

ARMY CUTWORM damaging wheat in 3 Montana counties. CORN LEAF APHID heavy in many
fields of grain in Arizona, moderate to heavy on corn and sorghum several areas of
Texas, and continues to build up on young corn in Yazoo County, Mississippi. Light
numbers of GREENBUG carried into Wisconsin and SIX-SPOTTED LEAFHOPPER entered
Minnesota 2 weeks earlier than usual on strong southerly winds. (p. 403).

TOBACCO BUDWORM heavy on shade-grown tobacco at Quincy, Florida. EUROPEAN CORN
BORER winter mortality less than normal in Minnesota. (p. 404). Very heavy hatch
of GRASS BUGS reported in areas of Utah where serious outbreak occurred on wheat-
grass last year. (p. 405).

ALFALFA WEEVIL widespread in Albuquerque area of New Mexico, building up rapidly
in Colorado, and heavy in other areas. Larval collections in Cherokee County,
Kansas, brings eastern and western infestations into a Single State. (p. 406).
MEADOW SPITTLEBUG medium to heavy on red clover in 2 Maryland counties and heavier
than normal on clover and alfalfa in Prince Edward County, Virginia. (p. 407).

BOLL WEEVIL counts per acre higher than at same time last year in Waco area of
Texas and high numbers survived the winter in central Alabama. (p. 408). THRIPS
becoming problem on cotton throughout delta area of Mississippi. (p. 409).

COLORADO POTATO BEETLE more numerous than in 1966 and POTATO FLEA BEETLE heavier
than for several years on Eastern Shore of Virginia. (p. 410). STRAWBERRY APHID
heavier than normal on strawberries at Vancouver, WaShington. (p. 414).

Predictions

EUROPEAN CORN BORER could be problem on Eastern Shore of Virginia this spring and
Summer and potential for damaging populations exists in Several areas of Minnesota.
CORN FLEA BEETLE numbers well above normal in New Paltz area of Hudson Valley,

New York, and commercially significant outbreak of Stewarts bacterial wilt appears
probable on unprotected early sweet corn. (p. 404).

Detection

New State records include SWEETPOTATO WEEVIL in North Carolina (p. 419) and CITRUS
RED MITE in Arizona (p. 413).

For new county records see page 419.
Correction

European Pine Shoot Moth map in CEIR 17(14):272 and 17(16):320. Delete Spokane
County, Washington, as infestation considered eradicated.

Special Reports
Bibliography on Imported Fire Ant. (pp. 422-430).
Insects Not Known to Occur in the United States

MELON WEEVIL (Baris granulipennis (Tournier)). (p. 431).

Reports in this issue are for week ending May 12 unless otherwise indicated.
- 401 -

- 402 -

CONTENTS

Special Insects of Regional Significance....... SpocacoceooaDoDODODODS socccoC 22-403

Insects Affecting
Corn, Sorghum, Sugarcane.......+.2. 404 GUCMLEONES 5 so0g0C ob sO D OOD DDO CUOSe OOS 411
Small Grains......... soo0gD00000C -405 General Vegetables............2.- - 411
Turf, Pastures, Rangeland...... 2 « -405 Deciduous Fruits and Nuts.........412
FOLAGe Pe OUMeSiepeeieicteteeleleistarercion mel eiele 406 GCALETUS Hacc ctevonel otelchcholeh eb el Menemerene ASO OD 413
PEEVMIES 5 oon cd CoD DDD ND NDDOOCOODDNS 408 Small Fruits........ SooD0oCdoSzae 414
GOUEOM oc aoccgoc0gg000 00000006 5000000 408 Ornamentals..... 500900 soc065S0006 -414
LUONINOEEO 4 0050 0000000000000 5000000 -- 409 Forest and Shade Trees............415
SUA NINES 5 sa cao0005000000C So0000000C 409 Man and AnimalS........eeeceee sHerere LO
Miscellaneous Field Crops.........409 Households and Structures.........417
Potatoes, Tomatoes, Peppers..... - 410 StoxredieProducGitsSialeleloleicnerlaichen-ietenatene tad)
Beans and PeaS........eeee0% «+e--2410 Miscellaneous Wild Plants.........417
Colle) Cropsh. << soocc so coco Cob OU

lxeneaesle@sleul WMNSSCES cog oo00GcO0000D DD DOOODODOS 5000000 S00900000050060000400 so ceca sgl

Federal and State Plant Protection Programs...... Fp050050000dD00000005 50000005 GEHL!

Di a¥=K=¥ou Gam DL= a =\ eh oe ko)» een ere Rene EE EI EEICECEOI Fy OCICICHCROO DiGi CO COI GO CIO DOGO OD OCOD b OOS 6a 6 oly

COTVSSEAUONS Hy cnereretelcheetetaroletelercieicl et oveloneletencherckehohoieneienencuen cite S000g000g0000050C slenedevsveteMele terete,
Light Trap Collections...... Sia vavva leis) otale te Néieste cane lasiewalte Melteheratellen ottenatenafeltenetedeteuetere te toroue Womens te Nema mer Eee
Hawaii Insect Report........ 90000000000006000000000000000000050055005050007 cae maa

Bibliography one LmportedmrLremAntior-jerelelenekeleleroicieroheleteleielelelelelerelelelalotcicierelelcheieneietcleteiemaiar soars

Insects Not Known to Occur in the United States
Mellon Weevil (Garis) granull'penni's” (lourndien)))) Jo. <cierclccleleleiele «) «/elele) cre) clelcialeletenenerestane

WEATHER OF THE WEEK ENDING MAY 15

HIGHLIGHTS: Winter persisted in the Canadian border areas. Fourth cold week in
most of north half. Another wet week in much of the South and East but continued
dry in the Arizona-New Mexico area and in Florida.

PRECIPITATION: Late season storms dumped several inches of snow in the western
mountains, portions of the northern Plains, and the Lakes region. Violent
weather occurred over the middle sections of the Country where the hot, moist

gulf air met the cold air from the north. Weekly totals exceeded 1 inch from
eastern Oklahoma to southern New York, ranged from 2 inches to more than 4 inches
from the Missouri-Arkansas border to central Kentucky. Kennett, Missouri,
reported 6+ inches and Cairo, Illinois, 10+ inches. Hail fell in 10 States from

Weather continued on page 421.

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SPECIAL INSECTS OF REGIONAL SIGNIFICANCE

ARMYWORM (Pseudaletia unipuncta) - DELAWARE - Adults averaged 2 per night in black-
light trapS in Sussex County. (Burbutis). MARYLAND - Adults averaged 3 per night
in blacklight trap at Snow Hill, Worcester County. (U. Md., Ent. Dept.). FLORIDA -

Four larvae taken in 100 sweeps of oats, none from wheat at Gainesville, Alachua

' County. (Mead). MISSOURI - Some leaf feeding observed in southeast area on wheat

and barley in areas of rank growth where plants are down. Larvae averaged 1-2

| per Square foot with high count of 8 per square foot. (Jones). ILLINOIS - First

to third instars ranged from 1 per 3 feet of row to 3 per foot of row on wheat in
southwest; averaged 10 per foot of row in Southeast area field. (Ill. Ins. Rpt.).

ARMY CUTWORM (Chorizagrotis auxiliaris) - IDAHO - Larvae averaged 12-15 per linear
foot of row in 120 acres of newly Seeded alfalfa and 1 per square foot in 20U-acre,
one-year-old alfalfa field near Weiser, Washington County; 80 percent third instars
May 8. Many larvae soft as though diseased and color variable to whitish. Infes-
tation not general throughout county. (Hackler, Portman). MONTANA - Light in
| alfalfa and damaging winter wheat in Yellowstone, Carbon, and Cascade Counties.
(Pratt). COLORADO - Present in many crops in Weld County. Wheat either sprayed
or has outgrown damage. (Boyer).

BEET LEAFHOPPER (Circulifer tenellus) - CALIFORNIA - Treatments applied to leaf-
| hopper concentrations in favorable overwintering foothill areas of western San
Joaquin Valley; approximately 18,000 acres of rangeland treated. Controls continue
in western Kern County where second generation developing in localized areas.
(Cal. Coop. Rpt.).

_CORN EARWORM (Heliothis zea) - MARYLAND - First adult of season taken May 4 in
'_ blacklight trap at Snow Hill, Worcester County. (U. Md., Ent. Dept.). GEORGIA -
Larvae light to moderate in whorls of corn in southern area. (French).

CORN LEAF APHID (Rhopalosiphum maidis) - ARIZONA - Heavy populations, 500-700 per
100 sweeps, continue to cause 20-25 percent damage in many grain fields in Pinal
and Maricopa Counties. Some controls also necessary in Sorghum. (Ariz. Coop.
Sur.). NEW MEXICO - Light, spotted infestations noted in barley in Deming area,
Luna County. (Elson). TEXAS - Moderate to heavy on terminals of corn and grain
sorghum; widespread in Waller, Ft. Bend, Brazoria, and Lee Counties. Very common
on young plants. (Sparks et al., May 5). OKLAHOMA - Moderate in whorls of young
Johnson grass in Cotton County pecan orchard. (Okla. Coop. Sur.). MISSISSIPPI -
Buildup continues on young corn in Yazoo County; most of increase result of
migration from mosaic infected Johnson grass. (Dinkins).

GREENBUG (Schizaphis graminum) - MINNESOTA - Light numbers blown into State April
14. Ranged 0-2 per 100 Sweeps on small grain in southeast, east-central, and
central districts. Absent from most spring grains. Very light on rye and road-
side grasses. (Minn. Ins. Rpt.). SOUTH DAKOTA - Nymphs 4, alates 1 per 40 feet
of row on 3-inch oats near Beresford, Clay County, May 4. (Kieckhefer).

POTATO PSYLLID (Paratrioza cockerelli) - COLORADO - Matrimony-vine starting to
leaf in San Luis Valley area, and is further advanced in other areas of State.
Periodic checks of these plants should be made. (Jenkins).

SIX-SPOTTED LEAFHOPPER (Macrosteles fascifrons) - MINNESOTA - Carried by strong
southerly winds April 14 into State about 2 weeks earlier than in 1965. Numbers
low due to cool weather. Ranged 0-20 per 100 sweeps on alfalfa, small grains,
and roadside grasses in southeast, south-central, and central districts. (Minn.
Ins. Rpt.). FLORIDA - One of most numerous insects in 100 Sweeps of oats at
Gainesville, Alachua County; 20 adults from oats, 2 from wheat. (Mead).

SPOTTED ALFALFA APHID (Therioaphis maculata) - NEW MEXICO - Remains mostly very
light in Chaves County alfalfa. May be due to exceptionally cold weather past 3
weeks. Temperature now rising. (Mathews). KANSAS - None found in any alfalfa

- 404 -

checked in Cherokee or Crawford Counties. (Simpson). NEBRASKA - Survey negative
in Dawson and Buffalo Counties. (Keith). WISCONSIN - Trace numbers observed in
Janesville area, Rock County. (Wis. Ins. Sur.).

TOBACCO BUDWORM (Heliothis virescens) - FLORIDA - Heavy on shade-grown tobacco
since plants put in field at Quincy. (Tappan).

TOBACCO HORNWORM (Manduca sexta) - FLORIDA - Only 1 adult female taken in black-
light trap this seaSon and no larvae noted at Quincy. (Tappan).

CORN, SORGHUM, SUGARCANE

EUROPEAN CORN BORER (Ostrinia nubilalis) - NEW JERSEY - Spring survey of corn for
overwintering borers indicates winter mortality averaged 63.6 percent. This
figure approximately 11 percent higher than at same time in 1966, indicating less
of a problem than in 1966. (Ins.-Dis. Newsltr.). VIRGINIA - Could be problem

this spring and Summer on Eastern Shore. Single moth taken in light trap by May
11, 1966. On nights of May 1 and 2, 1967, 24 and 43 moths collected, respectively.
(Hofmaster). ILLINOIS - Pupation 100 percent in southern area; emergence underwey.
Pupation 8 percent in south-central area, 4 percent in central area. (I11l. Ins.
Rpt.). MISSOURI - Abundance survey in New Madrid County May 9-10 showed 114 forms
per acre on corn after planting; pupation 100 percent, moth emergence 33 percent.
(Keaster). MINNESOTA - Overwintering mortality less than normal. Average percent
mortality by district: Southwest 10, south-central 7, west-central 6, southeast
25, central 19. Weather in June will be important in determining degree of in-
festation. Most economic problems probably will be in northwest district.
Potential for damaging numbers exists in Southwest, south-central, and west-
central districts if weather ideal. (Minn. Ins. Rpt.). SOUTH DAKOTA - Winter
mortality appears higher in east-central district. Over 90 percent of cornland
plowed or disked. Average percent mortality ranged 10-35; average lowest (7.5)

in Yankton County, highest (48) in Moody County. (Jones, Jessen). NORTH DAKOTA -
Larvae collected from sweet corn in Burke and Divide Counties. Both new county
records. Now recorded from all counties in State. (Brandvik).

SOUTHWESTERN CORN BORER (Zeadiatraea grandiosella) - MISSOURI - Twenty percent of
10 forms found on 25 southeast area farmS were pupae. (Keaster).

LESSER CORNSTALK BORER (Elasmopalpus lignosellus) - FLORIDA - Caused 25-percent
reduction in 10-acre field of corn at Macclenny, Baker County. (Strayer).

CUTWORMS - TEXAS - Lacinipolia renigera caused heavy and widespread damage on corn
throughout Hidalgo and Starr Counties. (Schuster, May 5). ILLINOIS - Agrotis
ipsilon larvae damaged corn in Southwest area. (I11. Ins. Rpt.).

CORN FLEA BEETLE (Chaetocnema pulicaria) - NEW YORK - Few observed on clumps of
green rye at New Paltz in Hudson Valley. Total of 1,300 sweeps of rye and grass
April 30 and May 1 at 13 sites resulted in 100 flea beetles of 5 species being
taken; 33 were C. pulicaria. This is well above normal for area and a commercially
Significant outbreak of Stewarts bacterial wilt on unprotected early sweet corn
appears probable. (N. Y. Wkly. Rpt., May 8). DELAWARE - First adults of season
on young corn in Sussex County. (Burbutis). MARYLAND - Adults appearing on young,
early planted corn in Wicomico and Worcester Counties. (U. Md., Ent. Dept.).
VIRGINIA - This vector Stewarts disease abundant in some sweet corn on Eastern
Shore. Controls recommended. (Hofmaster). MISSOURI - Ranged 1-5 per seedling
corn plant in southern and central areas. (Munson).

CORN ROOTWORMS (Diabrotica spp.) - GEORGIA - D. undecimpunctata howardi heavy in
Brooks County corn. (Carr). MINNESOTA - D. virgifera expected to be increased
problem in south-central district this season. (Minn. Ins. Rpt.).

|

- 405 -

CHINCH BUG (Blissus leucopterus) - TEXAS - Continues heavy beneath lower leaf
sheaths of corn and grain Sorghum in Waller, Lee, and Liberty Counties; Some
Severe Stunting. Moderate, 4-5 per 5 plants, on 15-inch corn near Fairfield,
Freestone County, and 1 per 5 plants on 6-inch grain sorghum near Waco, McLennan
County. (Richardson et al., May 5).

SEED-CORN MAGGOT (Hylemya platura) - OHIO - Destroyed approximately 5 percent of
corn seedlings in Wayne County field. (Barry). NEW JERSEY - Total of 383
collected on 5 sticky boards at Cedarville May 9. (Ins.-Dis. Newsltr.).

SMALL GRAINS

ENGLISH GRAIN APHID (MacrosSiphum avenae) - FLORIDA - Declining on oats and wheat
at Gainesville, Alachua County. (Mead). ARKANSAS - Low in wheat, 100-150 in 100
sweeps, in White and Jackson Counties. (Ark. Ins. Sur.). ARIZONA - Light in milo
in Bowie area, Cochise County; averaged 20 per 100 sweeps. Damage estimated at

2 percent, but increasing. (Ariz. Coop. Sur.). SOUTH DAKOTA - Nymphs 8 per 40
feet of.row in 3-inch oats near Beresford, Clay County, May 4. (Kieckhefer).
MINNESOTA - Moved into State early; ranged 0-20 per 100 sweeps of rye in southeast,
east-central, and central districts. Occasional rye field in southeast district
Shows feeding spots by small colonies. Aphids moved into crowns due to cool
weather. (Minn. Ins. Rpt.).

GRAIN APHIDS - OREGON - Moderate to heavy in some fields of winter wheat in
Umatilla County. (Every). VIRGINIA - Building up on barley in Spotsylvania County.
(Kash, May 5).

PALE WESTERN CUTWORM (Agrotis orthogonia) - NEBRASKA - Caused scattered damage on
wheat in southern Kimball County. (Andersen). COLORADO - Present in many crops
in Weld County. Wheat either sprayed or has outgrown damage. (Boyes).

WHEAT HEAD ARMYWORM (Faronta diffusa) - KANSAS - Very light, 1-3 per 10 sweeps, in
a few southeast area wheat fields. (Simpson).

HESSIAN FLY (Mayetiola destructor) - ILLINOIS - Larvae stunting wheat in Johnson
County. Puparia prevalent. (Ill. Ins. Rpt.).

WHEAT STEM MAGGOT (Meromyza americana) - TEXAS - Light with some damage of wheat
in Denton County. (Turney, May 5).

BROWN WHEAT MITE (Petrobia latens) - NEVADA - Averaged 3 per leaf in several fields
of small grain in Lovelock, Pershing County; averaged fewer in other fields in the
area. (Martinelli). COLORADO - Abundant in few fields of wheat in Montrose County;
ranged 2-6 per plant. Controls applied in one field. (Bulla).

TURF, PASTURES, RANGELAND

GRASS BUGS - UTAH - Very heavy hatch of Labops spp. and Irbisia spp. reported on
range grasses over large areas in Garfield and Kane Counties and southern portions
of State. (Knowlton). Single nymph taken on wheatgrass in Pines area west of
Bryce Canyon National Park April 27. (Thornley, Knowlton). lLabops hesperius
second and third instar nymphs numerous on crested wheatgrass near Rubys inn,
Garfield County; damage light. - Infestation general in Same areas of county where
damage occurred in 1966. Damage conspicuous to severe on 3 to 5-inch high crested
wheatgrass South of Alton, Kane County, where Irbisia spp. and L. hesperius were
damaging last year. Farmers and ranchers concerned about current situation.
(Knowlton, Lindsay).

AN ARMORED SCALE (Hemiberlesia lataniae) - CALIFORNIA - Medium on stems and leaves
of dichondra at ViSta, San Diego County. This an unusual infestation as this scale
usually associated with ornamentals, avocado, and loquat. (Cal. Coop. Rpt.).

- 406 -

BLUEGRASS WEBWORM (Crambus teterrellus) - MISSOURI - Full-grown larvae observed
in bluegrass lawns in central area. (Munson).

THRIPS (Chirothrips spp.) - ARIZONA - Increasing populations caused light damage
to Bermuda graSS Seed heads in commercial seed fields of Yuma County. (Ariz.
Coop. Sur.).

WHITE GRUBS (Phyllophaga spp.) - NEBRASKA - Damaging bluegrass pastures in 2
central counties. (Keith). KANSAS - Additional severe damage to bromegrass
reported in Elk and Butler Counties. (Simpson).

FORAGE LEGUMES

ALFALFA WEEVIL (Hypera postica) - NEW MEXICO - Appears widespread in Albuquerque
area, Bernalillo County; larvae 5-6 per 25 sweeps in alfalfa checked.

(Heninger). UTAH - Activity limited past 2 weeks. (Knowlton, May 8). COLORADO -
Building up rapidly on established alfalfa, as well as new seedings. Adults
range 2-6 per 10 Sweeps in Lucerne and Eaton areas, Weld County. Eggs hatching;
larvae ranged 0-2 per 10 Sweeps. Many adults still mating as early larvae appear.
Alfalfa should be watched during next 10 days to determine necessary action.
(Rothman). KANSAS - Larvae collected in Ellis County and collected in Cherokee
County. These are new county records. None found in Crawford County. (Simpson
et al.). NEBRASKA - Survey negative in western Buffalo County. (Keith).
MISSOURI - Collected for first time in Benton County. (Munson). ILLINOIS -
Larvae per Sweep by district: Southeast 25-52, southwest 0-11, west-southwest
15-47, east-southeast 2-22; ranged 1-5 in east and central districts. (111. Ins.
Rpt.). WISCONSIN - Adult collected in southwestern Kenosha County near Twin
Lakes May 1. (Wis. Ins. Sur.). INDIANA - Continued moderate to heavy in southern
half of State. Eggs hatching as far north as U.S. Highway 24. New county
records: De Kalb, Noble, Lagrange, Elkhart, St. Joseph, La Porte, Porter, Starke,
and Jasper. (Huber). OHIO - Low temperatures and rain slowed larval development
and alfalfa growth. Spraying warranted in southwest, southeast, central, and
east-central counties. Fields in Coshocton and Jefferson Counties 10-30 percent
destroyed with leaves 50-100 percent damaged. (Rose). Leaf or terminal damage
0-75 percent in numerous fields in Wayne, Ashland, Medina, and Holmes Counties;
treatment in progress in Holmes County. Damage heavier on new Seedings than
older stands. Alfalfa 7-14 inches high. (Glass). Larval populations increased
in west-central area; 8 per Sweep in Mercer County field May 4. (DeBrosse).
CONNECTICUT - None found on alfalfa May 4 and 8. (Savos).- NEW YORK - Small
numbers of adults and few larvae found in Ulster County alfalfa; eggs easily
found at bases of plants. Adults and larvae found south of Wellsville Allegany
County; no eggs found. Allegany County is new county record. (N.Y. Wkly. Rpt.,
May 8). NEW JERSEY - Larval damage continues to increase in Southern counties.
Controls applied by most growers in Cumberland, Salem, and Gloucester Counties

by May 10. Fresh tip growth appearing in fieids sprayed 2-3 weeks ago, but very
little new growth in fields sprayed 1 week ago due to cool weather. Damage
varies from field to field. Larvae per 25 tips ranged 10-175 in 3 fields in
Gloucester, Salem, and Cumberland Counties; 80-96 percent of tips showed damage.
(Ins.-Dis. Newsltr.). MARYLAND - Larvae heavy, over 100 per sweep, on untreated
alfalfa in Wicomico County. Egg laying continues in central areas; cocoons
appearing in Howard and Wicomico Counties. First-generation adults appeared at
Beltsville, Prince Georges County, May 11; these are first of Season. (U. Md.,
Ent. Dept.). SOUTH CAROLINA - Young larvae present on new alfalfa; controls

will be necessary if cool weather continues. (Nettles et al., May 9). ALABAMA -
Damaged Regal white clover in Jefferson County. (Griffin).

EGYPTIAN ALFALFA WEEVIL (Hypera brunneipennis) - ARIZONA - Control efforts still
necessary to retard heavy infeStations in alfalfa in Picacho area, Pinal County.
Remained economic problem much later than normal. (Ariz. Coop. Sur.).

- 407 -

CLOVER LEAF WEEVIL (Hypera punctata) - IDAHO - Larval damage heavy on 70 acres of
white clover near Mohler, Lewis County. (Dailey). MONTANA - On alfalfa in

Carbon and Yellowstone Counties. Damage minor. (Pratt). KANSAS - Adults light,
1-3 per 10 sweeps, in Cherokee and Crawford Counties. No larvae found. (Simpson
et al.). INDIANA - Caused heavy damage in fall seeded alfalfa and clover mixtures
in areas of White, Carroll, Delaware, and Wells Counties. Larvae 12-20 per square
foot in these fields. (Huber). VIRGINIA - Last instars infesting red clover in
Westmoreland County. Damage extensive in several fields. (Isakson, Ptucha).

LESSER CLOVER LEAF WEEVIL (Hypera nigrirostris) - MARYLAND - Larvae infesting 20
percent of stems of red clover near Centreville, Queen Annes County. (U. Md.,
Ent. Dept.).

CLOVER HEAD WEEVIL (Hypera meles) - TEXAS - Larvae in nearly all crimson clover

producing counties in northeast section. Few heavy infestations, 1-2 larvae per
1-2 heads, scattered in area, mostly in Nacogdoches, Panola, Cherokee, and Rusk

Counties. (Parker, May 5).

A WEEVIL (Hypera sp.) - CALIFORNIA - Medium on burclover in Chico area, Butte
County.” (Cal. Coop. Rpt.).

PEA APHID (Acyrthosiphon pisum) - WASHINGTON - Extremely abundant on new alfalfa
growth in Walla Walla County; Stunting severe. Probably due to mild winter and
warm February. Large acreages treated with organophosphorus insecticides past

2 weeks. (Johansen, May 8). NEVADA - Very light on alfalfa in Dixie Valley,
Pershing County. (Martinelli) - UTAH - Mostly nymphs in Salt Lake City area
alfalfa. (Knowlton, May 8). ARKANSAS - Continues to decline in alfalfa and vetch
in all areas. (Ark. Ins. Sur.). KANSAS - Decreased from high of 5,000 per 10
sweeps in Labette County to 25-50 per 10 sweeps. Parasties and predators, mainly
lady beetles, increased to high levels. (Simpson). NEBRASKA - Low in all fields
surveyed in central area. (Keith). IOWA - Average per sweep on alfalfa by
County: Lucas 2, Monroe 3, Wapello 2, Jefferson 2, Henry 2, Des Moines 18, Lee
82, Van Buren 81, Davis 48, Clarke 5. (Mast). MINNESOTA - Due to cool weather,
numbers extremely low in most alfalfa in southeast, east-central, and central
districts. (Minn. Ins. Rpt.). WISCONSIN - Populations decreased significantly.
Counts vary 0-4 per 10 sweeps in Sauk, Dane, Rock, Grant, and Lafayette Counties.
(Wis. Ins. Sur.). ILLINOIS - Counts highest, 90-250 per sweep in southwest
Ranged 5-10 per sweep in alfalfa and clover in east district. (111. Ins. Rpt.).

CLOVER APHID (Nearctaphis bakeri) - MARYLAND - Nymphs damaging red clover near
Centreville, Queen Annes County. (U. Md., Ent. Dept.).

TARNISHED PLANT BUG (Lygus lineolaris) - MISSOURI - Found in all alfalfa checked;
adults and nymphs 10-80 per 10 Sweeps. (Munson). IOWA - Adults averaged less
than 5 per 10 sweeps of alfalfa and red clover in southeast. (Mast). WISCONSIN -
Adults common throughout southern area; vary from less than 1 to 6 per 10 sweeps.
(Wis. Ins. Sur.).

LYGUS BUGS (Lygus spp.) - ARIZONA - Nymphs and adults remain light in Cochise and
Graham Counties, but increasing in alfalfa in Yuma and Maricopa Counties. (Ariz.
Coop. Sur.). NEW MEXICO - Counts per 25 sweeps by county as follows: Chaves 10-
12 adults, 8-12 nymphs; Bernalillo 2-5 adults; Quay 1-3 adults. (Mathews,
Heninger, Kloepfer). KANSAS - Increased during past month. Adults ranged 15-30
per 10 sweeps on alfalfa in southeast. (Simpson et al.).

RAPID PLANT BUG (Adelphocoris rapidus) - WISCONSIN - First-instar nymphs found
in western Dane County. (Wis. Ins. sSur.).

MEADOW SPITTLEBUG (Philaenus spumarius) - MARYLAND - Nymphs medium to very heavy
on red clover in Howard and Queen Annes Counties. Controls needed in some fields
(U. Md., Ent. Dept.). VIRGINIA - Nymphs heavier than usual on clover and alfalfa
in Prince Edward County (Peery); prevalent in red clover in Westmoreland County
(Ptucha).

- 408 -

THREE-CORNERED ALFALFA HOPPER (Spissistilus festinus) - ARIZONA - Unusually light

for time of year in alfalfa throughout southern area. (Ariz. Coop. Sur.).
CLOVER HEAD CATERPILLAR (Grapholitha interstinctana) - MISSOURI - Adults per 10
sweeps in red clover averaged 10 in north-central and 2 in west-central areas.
(Munson).

GREEN CLOVERWORM (Plathypena scabra) - KANSAS - Averaged 3-8 per 10 sweeps on
alfalfa in Cherokee and Crawford Counties. (Simpson et al.).

WESTERN FLOWER THRIPS (Frankliniella occidentalis) - NEVADA - Nymphs and adults
heavy in alfalfa in Moapa Valley, Clark County; caused bud damage and leaf
distortion. (Zoller).

PEANUTS

A CERAMBYCID BEETLE (Derobrachus brevicollis) - GEORGIA - Light on seedlings in
Baker County. (Morgan).

LESSER CORNSTALK BORER (Elasmopalpus lignosellus) - FLORIDA - Heavy in 30-acre
field near McIntosh, Marion County. (Strayer).

THRIPS - FLORIDA - Damage heavy on leaves in 30-acre field in McIntosh, Marion
County. (Strayer).

COTTON

BOLL WEEVIL (Anthonomus grandis) - TEXAS - Found in 16 of 35 cotton fields
inspected in McLennan and Falls Counties; averaged 59 per acre, maxium 500 per
acre. This compares with average of 5 per acre during corresponding week of
1966. One weevil collected on flight screens. (Cowan et al.). LOUISIANA -
Single weevil found in young cotton plants pulled for thrips examination in
Madison Parish. (Cleveland et al.). ALABAMA - Development of cotton in northern
counties not sufficiently advanced for making counts. High numbers survived
winter in Dallas County, central area. (McQueen).

BOLLWORMS (Heliothis spp.) - TEXAS - Of 13 eggs or larvae collected from various
wild hosts in Falls and McLennan Counties and reared to fifth instar, 12 determined
as H. zea and 1H. virescens. Total of 18 H. zea larvae collected from 10 fields
of Cotton. (Cowan et al.). ARKANSAS - Development later than normal. No eggs or
larvae found on clovers during early April although spring Season earlier than
normal. First moths taken in light trap at Hope, Hempstead County, April 7, and
at Kelso, Desha County. April 20. Larvae heavier than normal in crimson clover
first week in May. Delay in emergence probably due to drier than normal
conditions during late March and much of April. (Ark. Ins. Sur.). ALABAMA -

Few larvae observed in terminal buds on 6-leaf stage cotton on Dallas County

farm. One larva observed on cotton in Cherokee County. (McQueen).

GRANULATE CUTWORM (Feltia subterranea) - ARIZONA - Scattered populations causing
"skips" in cotton plantings in areaS of Yuma, Pinal, and Maricopa Counties.
(Ariz. Coop. Sur.).

COTTON FLEAHOPPER (PSallus seriatus) - TEXAS - Averaged 0.3 per 100 linear feet
in 25 untreated fields in Falls and McLeannan Counties. None found in 10 system-
ically treated fields. Also present on several wild hosts in area; averaged 35
per 100 plants in field of horsemint. (Cowan et al.).

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APHIDS - TEXAS - Medium in one and light in 12 of 21 untreated fields and light in,
4 of 10 systemically treated fields in Falls and McLennan Counties. (Cowan et

al.). ARIZONA - Aphis gossypii very light in cotton in Kansas settlement area of
Cochise County. Scattered but heavy populations continue to cause light to moderate
damage in Marcopa and Yuma Counties. (Ariz. Coop. Sur.).

THRIPS - ARIZONA - Frankliniella occidentalis light on cotton in Cochise and
Graham Counties; moderate to heavy generally in areas of Pinal, Yuma, and Maricopa
Counties. (Ariz. Coop. Sur.). TEXAS - Thrips medium in one and light in 17 of 2]
untreated fields in Falls and McLennan Counties. Light in 2 of 10 systemically
treated fields. (Cowan et al.). LOUISIANA - Averaged 6.35 per plant in untreated
field of young cotton and ranged 0.11-0.50 per plant in 4 treated fields in
Madison Parish May 1-5. Counts per plant ranged 0-2.59 in one untreated field and
0-0.77 in 4 treated fields May 8-12 in same area. (Cleveland et al.). MISSISSIPPI
Becoming problem throughout delta area, especially on cotton planted without seed
treatment. Range light to heavy throughout area. (Dinkins, Young). ALABAMA -

F. fusca heavy, 1-5 per plant, on Dallas County farm. (McQueen).

TOBACCO

CABBAGE LOOPER (Trichoplusia ni) - FLORIDA - Moderate on shade-grown tobacco at
Quincy. (Tappan).

BUDWORMS - GEORGIA - Moderate to extremely heavy across tobacco belt. (French).

FLEA BEETLES - FLORIDA - Controlled on commercial shade-grown tobacco at Quincy.
Heavy on unsprayed tobacco; about 25 percent of leaves show some damage.
(Tappan).

TOBACCO FLEA BEETLE (Epitrix hirtipennis) - MARYLAND - Few adults noted on tobacco
in beds in Anne Arundel County. (U. Md., Ent. Dept.).

A WEEVIL -— SOUTH CAROLINA - Seriously damaging 4 acres of tobacco in Jasper
County. Controls recommended. (Nettles et al., May 9).

GREEN PEACH APHID (Myzus persicae) - FLORIDA - Controlled with insecticides in
commercial shade-grown plantings in Quincy area, Gadsden County. Unsprayed
tobacco indicates potential remains high. (Tappan).

GARDEN SPRINGTAIL (Bourletiella hortensis) - MARYLAND - Light on border plants in
beds in Anne Arundel County. (U. Md., Ent. Dept.).
SUGARBEETS

GREEN PEACH APHID (Myzus persicae) - WASHINGTON - Nymphs light on sugarbeets in
lower Yakima Valley, Yakima County. (Wallis, May 8).

PALE WESTERN CUTWORM (Agrotis orthogonia) - COLORADO - Damaging in few sugarbeet
fields in Delta County area. Some controls applied. (Bulla).

MISCELLANEOUS FIELD CROPS

LYGUS BUGS (Lygus spp.) - ARIZONA - Increasing populations, averaging 40 nymphs

per 100 sweeps, causing light damage to safflower approaching bloom stage in Pinal
and Maricopa Counties. (Ariz. Coop. Sur.).

WEEVILS (Brachyrhinus spp.) - OREGON - Full-grown larvae a problem in some hop
fields in Multnomah and Marion Counties. (Every).

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CUTWORMS - OREGON - Probably Euxoa spp. damaged hops in Hermiston area, Umatilla
County. Infestations very light and spotty in the Willamette Valley. (Every).

POTATOES, TOMATOES, PEPPERS

COLORADO POTATO BEETLE (Leptinotarsa decemlineata) - MARYLAND - First adults of
season found May 9 on newly set tomatoes in Wicomico County. Mating adults

seen on garden potatoes in Anne Arundel County. (U. Md., Ent. Dept.). VIRGINIA
Adults active and appear more numerous than in 1966 on Eastern Shore. First egg
masses noted at Painter, Accomack County, April 24; common at present time.
(Hofmaster). MISSOURI - High numbers of adults, eggs, and very small larvae
observed on potatoes in west-central area. Counts averaged 2 adults per plant
with 2.5 egg masses per plant. Some egg masses recently hatched and some hatch-
ing. (Munson).

FLEA BEETLES (Epitrix spp.) - MARYLAND - Adults 1-2 per tomato plant in Wicomico
County and 1-3 per potato plant in Anne Arundel County. (U. Md., Ent. Dept.).
VIRGINIA - E. cucumeris more numerous than for Several years on Eastern Shore.
Dry weather apparently favorable. (Hofmaster).

BEET ARMYWORM (Spodoptera exigua) - NEVADA - Light on tomato seedlings in Moapa
Valley, Clark County. (Zoller). ALABAMA - Few first-generation larvae observed
on potatoes in Baldwin County. (McKenzie et al.).

CABBAGE LOOPER (Trichoplusia ni) - TEXAS - Light and widespread feeding on

tomatoes in Jasper County. Larvae as high as 15-20 per plant. (Gaskamp, May 5).

BEANS AND PEAS

ALFALFA WEEVIL (Hypera postica) - MISSISSIPPI - Infested snap beans in Tunica
County. Adults feeding on Stems at ground level. Approximately 10-20 percent
of plants killed. Large number of weevils in field, but exact count not made.
Weevils could be found congregated under dirt clods around stems. (Dinkins,
May 8).

BEAN LEAF BEETLE (Cerotoma trifurcata) - ALABAMA - Adults infesting snap beans
in Mobile County. (Bolton et al.).

MEXICAN BEAN BEETLE (Epilachna varivestis) - ALABAMA - Light on beans in Mobile
County. (Bolton et al.).

PEA APHID (Acyrthosiphon pisum) - DELAWARE - Averaged 4 per 10 sweeps in most
areas on peas. (Burbutis) .

COLE CROPS

CABBAGE LOOPER (Trichoplusia ni) - TEXAS - Light and widespread feeding on
cabbage in Jasper County. Larvae as high as 15-20 per plant. (Gaskamp, May 5).

IMPORTED CABBAGEWORM (Pieris rapae) - MARYLAND - Adults laying eggs on young
cabbage plants near Mt. Zion, Anne Arundel County. (U. Md., Ent. Dept.). NEW
YORK - Adults observed May 1 in Ithaca, (N. Y. Wkly. Rpt., May 8).

YELLOW-MARGINED LEAF BEETLE (Microtheca ochroloma) - ALABAMA - Adults and larvae
light on turnips in home garden near Grand Bay, Mobile County. Seldom reported
except in Mobile and Baldwin Counties. (Diller, Seibels).

FLEA BEETLES - NEW YORK - Heavy in cabbage seed beds in areas of Monroe County.
First activity in Erie County noted May 1. (N. Y. Wkly. Rpt., May 8). OHIO -
First occurrence of season on radishes in a garden in Union County. (Gibson).

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CABBAGE MAGGOT (Hylemya brassicae) - MASSACHUSETTS - Adults laying eggs on cole
crops. First egg laying noted in Waltham area May 14. Egg laying will be slow
if cool weather continues. (Crop Pest Cont. Mess.).

CUCURBITS

BRISTLY CUTWORM (Lacinipolia renigera) - TEXAS - Damage heavy and widespread on
cantaloup throughout Hidalgo and Starr Counties. (Schuster, May 5).

SPOTTED CUCUMBER BEETLE (Diabrotica undecimpunctata howardi) - TEXAS - Adults
light and feeding on watermelon foliage near Giddings, Lee County. (Spivey,

May 5). MISSISSIPPI - This beetle and Acalymma vittatum caused heavy foliage
damage on Several acres of cucumbers in Madison County. Control being applied.
(Dinkins, Young).

GENERAL VEGETABLES

RHUBARB CURCULIO (Lixus concavus) - OHIO - Caused some damage to rhubarb in
Clinton County. (Fladt, Miller).

WIREWORMS - ALABAMA - Heavys with average of 3 or more per plant, under potatoes,
corn, okra, beans, and peas in Several areas of Chilton County. Much damage
observed. (Futral).

A CUTWORM (Euxoa sp.) - CALIFORNIA - Medium on aspargus in Fresno, Fresno County.
(Cal. Coop. Rpt.).

ONION THRIPS (Thrips tabaci) - IDAHO - Infestations observed on onion seed fields,
fall and spring planted bulbs, and seed to seed in Caldwell and Nampa areas,
Canyon County.: Some treated fields contain only nymphs. (Bechtolt).

SPINACH LEAF MINER (Pegomya hyoscyami) - WASHINGTON - Eggs light in many spinach
fields. (Wallis, May 8).

ONION MAGGOT (Hylemya antiqua) - NEW JERSEY - Total of 67 collected on 5 sticky
boards at Cedarville, May 9. (Ins.-Dis. Newsltr.).

BULB MITE (Rhizogliyphus echinopus) - CALIFORNIA - Medium on onion plantings in
Seeley, Imperial County. (Cal. Coop. Rpt.).

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DECIDUOUS FRUITS AND NUTS

CODLING MOTH (Carpocapsa pomonella) - OREGON - First adults of season in bait
traps May 3 in Milton-Freewater area apple orchards, Umatilla County. (Burkhart).
COLORADO - Continues to appear in attractant traps; erratic counts of 0-50 moths
in single traps. Cool temperatures retarding main first-—brood flight. (Bulla).
MISSOURI - Few entries on apples in southeast area. (Wkly. Rpt. Fr. Grs).
INDIANA - Adult emergence about 33 percent in overwintering band cage at
Vincennes. Of 38 males caught in 2 virgin female traps, 25 caught night of May
4 when flight conditions favorable. (Dolphin). MARYLAND - No adult emergence
at Hancock, Washington County, as of May 9. (U. Md., Ent. Dept.). NEW YORK -
First pupae of season under tree bands May 1. Moths not expected before May 15;
continued cool temperatures could delay appearance several days. (N. Y. Wkly.
Rpt., May 8).

EYE-SPOTTED BUD MOTH (Spilonota ocellana) -— CONNECTICUT - Larvae very abundant
at Storrs, but few at New Haven. (Savos, May 10).

ORIENTAL FRUIT MOTH (Grapholitha molesta) - MISSOURI - First-brood moths in
southeast area; little egg laying due to adverse weather. (Wkly. Rpt. Fr. Grs.).

RED-BANDED LEAF ROLLER (Argyrotaenia velutinana) -—- INDIANA - Severl small adults
of first summer brood in bait pans at Vincennes. (Dolphin, May 8). MARYLAND -
Few last instars in unsprayed apple orchard at Hancock, Washington County.

(U. Md., Ent. Dept.).

EASTERN TENT CATERPILLAR (Malacosoma americanum) —- MARYLAND —- Few tents on
unsprayed peaches at Hancock, Washington County. (U. Md., Ent. Dept.).
CONNECTICUT -— Numbers low throughout State, but may be overlooked because of
small size. (Savos, May 10).

LESSER PEACH TREE BORER (Synanthedon pictipes) — INDIANA - Of 120 males caught
in virgin female traps in Vincennes area orchard, 108 caught May 4-5 when
temperatures were in 70's. (Dolphin).

WHITE-MARKED TUSSOCK MOTH (Hemerocampa leucostigma) - TEXAS - Larvae light to
moderate; some defoliation of fruit trees throughout Wharton County causes

concern. (Smith, May 5).

PECAN NUT CASEBEARER (Acrobasis caryae) — NEW MEXICO - Adults emerging in
Carlsbad area, Eddy County. Total of 21 moths collected night of May 9 in 2
blacklight traps and one argon light trap. (Mathews, Nielsen). TEXAS - Heavy
on pecans near Seguin, Guadalupe County; 533 pupae under 100 bands. Half to
full-grown larvae light to moderate in Wise County. (New, Turney, May 5).

PECAN LEAF CASEBEARER (Acrobasis juglandis) - TEXAS -— Moderate on pecans in
Bandera County. (Lindig, May 5).

FALL WEBWORM (Hyphantria cunea) - TEXAS - First-generation larvae light on pecan
foliage near Hempstead, Waller County; some control necessary. (Richardson,

May 5). ALABAMA - Larvae increased in size and numbers; problem in unsprayed
pecan orchards near St. Elmo, Mobile County. (Bolton et al.).

ROSY APPLE APHID (Dysaphis plantaginea) - COLORADO - Few colonies in Mesa County
orchards where no early season controls applied. (Bulla). INDIANA - Colony
growth and dispersion localized in Vincennes area. (Dolphin, May 8). MARYLAND -
Heavy in unsprayed apple orchards at Hancock, Washington County; stem mothers
numerous. (U. Md., Ent. Dept.). CONNECTICUT - Less abundant but still found in
many orchards. (Savos, May 10).

APHIDS - VIRGINIA - Eriosoma lanigerum infesting roots and stems of apple trees
in Hanover County. (Jennings). CONNECTICUT - Aphis pomi less abundant but still
found in many orchards. (Savos, May 10). MASSACHUSETTS - Rhopalosiphum fitchii

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stem mothers depositing nymphs on apple foliage at Amherst. (Crop Pest Cont.
Mess.). OREGON - Myzus cerasi infesting 5 percent of cherry trees in Jackson
County. Increasing populations rolling leaves. (Berry).

PEAR PSYLLA (Psylla pyricola) - CONNECTICUT - Only 10-20 percent of eggs hatched
at Storrs and New Haven. (Savos, May 10). MASSACHUSETTS - Earliest eggs hatched
in Amherst May 10. Egg laying heavy on expanding leaf buds inspite of cool
weather. (Crop Pest Cont. Mess.).' NEW YORK - Eggs 25 percent hatched May 4

in Ulster County. (N. Y. Wkly. Rpt.).

ARMORED SCALES - CALIFORNIA - Aspidiotus juglansregiae medium on peach nursery
stock at El Cajon, San Diego County. (Cal. Coop. Rpt.). OREGON - Aspidiotus
perniciosus eggs on all unsprayed and improperly cared for Jackson County
orchards. (Berry).

GRAPE MEALYBUG (Pseudococcus maritimus) - OREGON - New infestation in Jackson
County pear orchard; previously confined to pear orchard in another part of
county. Very light on less than 1 percent of trees in one orchard. (Berry).

PECAN PHYLLOXERA (Phylloxera devastatrix) - TEXAS - Galls light to moderate on
pecans at Hempstead, Waller County, and throughout Wise County. (Richardson,
Turney, May 5).

ROSE CHAFER (Macrodactylus subspinosus) - SOUTH CAROLINA - Seriously damaged
apple fruits at Mountain Rest, Oconee County. (Nettles et al., May 9).

CHERRY FRUIT FLY (Rhagoletis cingulata) — FLORIDA - Adult in McPhail trap at
Plant City, Hillsborough County. (Vaughan, May 5).

EUROPEAN RED MITE (Panonychus ulmi) - IDAHO - Nymphs abundant on apple tree in
Twin Falls, Twin Falls County. (Youtz). Eggs found in 3 apple and plum
orchards near Payette, Payette County. (Matsen, Portman). MISSOURI - Light

in few fruit orchards in southwest area. (Wkly. Rpt. Fr. Grs.). INDIANA -
Mobile forms ranged 0-6 per 100 leaves in commercial orchards in east-central
counties. (Matthew). Cool, wet weather reduced numbers at Vincennes. Counts
of 0.43 mite per leaf in single check orchard, but populations varied from
orchard to orchard. (Dolphin, May 8). MARYLAND - Adults and eggs evident on
unsprayed apples at Hancock, Washington County. (U. Md., Ent. Dept.).
CONNECTICUT - Overwintering eggs hatching at New Haven. Hatch about 80 percent
in Storrs. (Savos, May 10). NEW YORK - Continues to appear on unsprayed trees
in Ulster County. Hatched May 4 in southern part of fruit belt in Lake Ontario
region; May 6 in Monroe area. (N. Y. Wkly. Rpt.).

SPIDER MITES - CALIFORNIA - Bryobia rubrioculus medium on prune trees in Colusa,
Colusa County. (Cal. Coop. Rpt.). UTAH — B. rubrioculus eggs hatched on cherry
trees at Brigham City, Box Elder County. (Knowlton). MISSOURI - Tetranychus
spp. light on fruit trees in southwest area. (Wkly. Rpt. Fr. Grs.

PEAR RUST MITE (Epitrimerus pyri) -— OREGON - All stages present in unsprayed and
poorly sprayed pear orchards of Jackson County; no damage apparent in commercial
orchards. (Berry).

CITRUS

CITRUS RED MITE (Panonychus citri) - ARIZONA - On lemons in 8 citrus sections on
the Yuma Mesa in Yuma County. First detected on May 3. Det. May 4 by D. M.
Tuttle. This is a new State record. (Ariz. Coop. Sur.).

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SOFT SCALES - FLORIDA - Saissetia oleae adults on stems of about 80 percent of
25 grapefruit plants at Plant City. (Vaughan, Apr. 28). ARIZONA - Recent survey
revealed very light infestations of Coccus hesperidum in 8 to 12-year-old groves
on the Yuma Mesa in Yuma County. (Ariz. Coop. Sur.).

SMALL FRUITS

GRAPE FLEA BEETLE (Altica chalybea) -— GEORGIA - Larvae light on grapes in Sumter
County. (Garner).

WEEVILS (Brachyrhinus spp.) - OREGON - Full-grown larvae a problem in some straw-
berry fields in Multnomah and Marion Counties. (Every).

STRAWBERRY APHID (Chaetosiphon fragaefolii) - WASHINGTON - Averaged 5 per leaf,
3-6 times heavier than normal, on strawberries at Vancouver, Clark County.
(Shanks, May 8).

WESTERN GRAPE LEAF SKELETONIZER (Harrisina brillians) - NEVADA - First larvae of
season observed at Las Vegas, Clark County. (Zoller).

ORNAMENTALS

APHIDS - CALIFORNIA - Aphis spiraecola heavy on spirea nursery stock and A. fabae

heavy on maytenus nursery Stock at Saratoga, Santa Clara County. A. spiraecola
increasing rapidly in many locations. (Cal. Coop. Rpt.). a

ARMORED SCALES - CALIFORNIA - Abgrallaspis cyanophylli heavy on Mammillaria sp.
nursery stock in Fontana, San Bernardino County. (Cal. Coop. Rpt.). NEVADA -
Lepidosaphes ulmi heavy on lilac in Reno and Sparks, Washoe County. (Gustafson,
Lauderdale). UTAH - Diaspis carueli damaging low growing junipers at Salt Lake
City, Salt Lake County, and on university campus at Logan, Cache County.
(Knowlton).

SOFT SCALES - FLORIDA - Saissetia coffeae nymphs and adults general on 20
percent of 500 plants of Duffs Swordfern in nursery at Windermere, Orange County;
controls necessary. (Ware, May 4). All stages of Pulvinaria psidii moderate

to severe on 75 fiddleleaf figs at nursery in West’ Melbourne, Brevard County.
(Levan, May 5).

BAGWORM (Thyridopteryx ephemeraeformis) - ALABAMA - Eggs hatched in northern
area. Small larvae feeding on cedar, willow, and other plants. (Patterson et
al.). MISSOURI - Eggs hatching in central area. (Munson).

MIMOSA WEBWORM (Homadaula albizziae) - ALABAMA - First-generation larvae very
light on honeylocust in Dallas County and mimosa in Lee County. (McQueen).

KATYDIDS — ALABAMA - Amblycorypha sp. and probably Microcentrum retinerve
ragging new leaves of camellia plants in Mobile County. Bolton et al.).

BULB MITE (Rhizoglyphus echinopus) - MISSISSIPPI - Damaged 10-20 percent of
bulbs in gladiolus field in Lamar County. (Dinkins, Cochran).

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FOREST AND SHADE TREES

SPITTLEBUGS (Aphrophora spp.) - OHIO - A. parallela nymphs appearing on pines

in east-central and Southeast: areas. Young nymphs on pines in Harrison and

Noble Counties; light on about 1-5 percent of terminal branches. (Rose).

ALABAMA - A. parallela nymphs heavy and widespread on pines in Fayette, Bibb,
Jefferson, Morgan, and other northern counties; as many as 25 spittle masses per
tree common. (Pitts et al.). MINNESOTA - A. saratogensis killed and extensively
flagged pines in central area. (Minn. Ins. Rpt.).

APHIDS -— OHIO = Large populations of Cinara strobi on last year's growth of some
white and Scotch pines in Union County. (Gibson). MINNESOTA - C. strobi
actively feeding and causing some damage to windbreak white pine in Southeast
area. (Minn. Ins. Rpt.). COLORADO - Periphyllus negundinis nymphs and adults
damaging boxelder trees at Rifle, Garfield County; populations high with hundreds
per terminal. (Hantsbarger).

CHERMIDS - INDIANA -— Adelges cooleyi common on Christmas=<tree plantations in
St. Joseph and Elkhart- Counties. (Clark). OHIO - Pineus strobi infesting
mixed 20-acre planting of red and white pines in Scioto Trail State Forest in
Ross County. About 20 percent of white pine stems completely covered by white
cottony secretions. (Hay, Apr. 26). Newly hatched nymphs of Phylloxera
caryaecaulis on hickory buds in Ashtabula County in northeast area. (Still).

WESTERN TENT CATERPILLAR (Malacosoma pluviale) - OREGON - Tents appearing on
apple trees and roadside brush in western area. Populations about 50 percent
less than last year. (Larson).

SILVER-SPOTTED TIGER MOTH (Halisidota argentata) - OREGON - Infestations light,
1 percent, on Scotch, Austrian, and ponderosa pines in Willamette Valley.
(Larson).

WHITE-MARKED TUSSOCK MOTH (Hemerocampa leucostigma) — TEXAS - Larvae light to
moderate; some defoliation of shade trees throughout Wharton County causing
concern. (Smith, May 5).

FALL CANKERWORM (Alsophila pometaria) - WISCONSIN - Numerous first instars and
few second instars feeding on half-grown elm leaves in Mazomanie area. (Wis.
Ins. Sur.).

SPRUCE NEEDLE MINER (Taniva albolineana) - INDIANA - Common in Christmas-tree
plantations in St. Joseph and Elkhart Counties. (Clark).

CONIFER SAWFLIES (Neodiprion spp.) - OHIO - N. sertifer infestations continue

on Scotch, red, white, and other pines over much of State. Conditions relatively
unchanged due to cold, wet weather of past week. Some Scotch pines averaged
about 3 colonies per tree in Union County; larvae 0.75 inch long. (Gibson).
Second to fourth instars of N. pratti pratti infesting some 20-year-old shortleaf
pines in 60-acre plantation in Athens County. (Hanson, May 5).

A SAWFLY (Messa populi) - CALIFORNIA - Medium on Fremont cottonwood trees at
Riverside, Riverside County. (Cal. Coop. Rpt.).

A ROUNDHEADED WOOD BORER (Enaphalodes rufulus) - OHIO - Heavy on 2 stands of
red oak of about 30 acres each in Scioto Trail State Forest, Ross County; larvae
about full grown. Smaller trees damaged. (Hay, Apr. 26).

MAY BEETLES (Phyllophaga spp.) - OKLAHOMA - Moderate; damaging elms and other
shade trees in Payne and Cleveland Counties. (Okla. Coop. Sur.).

CECIDOMYIID MIDGES (Retinodiplosis spp.) - OREGON - Larvae infesting 10 percent
of lodgepole pines in Willamette Valley; yellow needles on branch tips. (Every).

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SPIDER MITES (Oligonychus spp.) - CALIFORNIA - O. subnudus heavy on pines in
Oxnard, Ventura County. (Cal. Coop. Rpt.). CONNECTICUT - Overwintering eggs
of O. ununguis hatched in Storrs. (Savos, May 13).

MAN AND ANIMALS

MOSQUITOES - UTAH - All larval stages and some adult emergence in Rich County
areas. (Roberts). LOUISIANA - Larval collections in Jefferson Parish contained
Anopheles quadrimaculatus, Aedes vexans, Culex pipiens quinquefasciatus, C.
restuans, and C. salinarius. MansSonia perturbans decreaSing in light traps:
Aedes vexans ax ‘Psorophora confinnis increasing. (Stokes). MINNESOTA - Aedes
excrucians and A. fitchii dominant in 992 larval samples. Culiseta inornata
present in 173 Samples. Many single-brooded Aedes pupated aS of May 9. (Minn.
Ins. Rpt.). WISCONSIN - Adults of Aedes sticticus, A. stimulans and Aedes spp.
emerging in northern Iowa County. Adults emerging in few areas, but not a
nuisance. (Wis. Ins. Sur.).

HORN FLY (Haematobia irritans) - MISSISSIPPI - Counts per head by county as fol-
lows: Issaquena, 200 on 500 cattle; Bolivar, 50 on 300 head; Pike, 60 on 100 head;
Hinds, 57 on 475 head; Chicasaw, 500 on 75 head. (Dinkins, Young). OKLAHOMA -
Continues light in Payne County. Moderate in Mayes, Cleveland, and Choctaw
Counties. (Okla. Coop. Sur.).

FACE FLY (Musca autumnalis) - IDAHO - Hibernating flies in homes at Craigmont,
Lewis County, and Stites, Idaho County. Idaho County is new county record.
(Dailey, Gephart). MONTANTA - Active in Bitterroot Valley homes. (Pratt).

SCREW-WORM (Cochliomyia hominivorax) - Total of 5 cases reported in U. S. May
7-13 as follows: TEXAS - Hidalgo 1, Presidio 1, Starr 1, Val Verde 1; ARIZONA -
Maricopa 1. Total of 39 cases reported in portion of Barrier Zone in Republic
of Mexico April 30-May 6 as follows: Sonora 23, Chihuahua 2, Coahuila 2,

Nuevo Leon 3, Tamaulipas 9. Total of 52 cases reported in Mexico south of
Barrier Zone. Barier Zone is area where eradication operations are underway

to prevent establishment of self-sustaining populations in U. S. Sterile screw-
worm flies released May 7-13: Texas 18,424,000, Arizona 1,940,000, Mexico
108,436,000. (Anim. Health Div.).

CATTLE GRUBS (Hypoderma spp.) - UTAH - Moderate on cattle at Ephraim, Sanpete
County; adult occasionally noted. (Knowlton).

HOG LOUSE ee suis) - OKLAHOMA - Moderate on hogs in Comanche County.
(Okla. Coop. Sur.

LONE STAR TICK (Amblyomma americanum) - OKLAHOMA - Ranged up to 1,000 per head

on cows in Cherokee County; heavy on cattle in Choctaw County; moderate in Mayes
County. (Okla. Coop. Sur.). MISSISSIPPI - This and Dermacentor variabilis

in mixed populations averaged 8 per head on 475 cattle in Hinds County. (Dinkins,
Young).

AMERICAN DOG TICK (Dermacentor variabilis) - WSICONSIN - Increasing in north-
western counties. (Wis. Ins. Sur.). NEW JERSEY - Active in Middlesex County.
(Ins.-Dis. Newsltr.).

CHICKEN MITE (Dermanyssus gallinae) - MISSISSIPPI - Very abundant in chicken
houses in Oktibbeha County. Some flocks showing effects. Over 500 on roosting
pole 8 feet long. (Combs).

AN EARTHWORM MITE (Fuscuropoda agitans) -—- ALABAMA - Heavy in fish bait worm bed
in Franklin County. (Ponder).

=a =

HOUSEHOLDS AND STRUCTURES

A TERMITE (Reticulitermes tibialis) - MONTANA - Damaging records in courthouse
at Ryegate and in warehouse at Billings. (Pratt).

STORED PRODUCTS

CARPET BEETLE (Anthrenus scrophulariae) - MISSISSIPPI - Completely destroyed
20 cases of paint brushed in Lauderdale County. (Cochran, Dinkins).

COWPEA WEEVIL (Callosobruchus maculatus) - ALABAMA - Heavy, emergence holes in
practically every seed of 5 bushels of cowpea seed stored in barn in Talladega
County. (Tanner et al.).

MISCELLANEOUS WILD PLANTS

CLOVER MITE (Bryobia praetiosa) - CALIFORNIA - Heavy on malva plants in Vista,
San Diego County. (Cal. Coop. Rpt.).

A SCARAB (Aphodius sp.) - CALIFORNIA - Larvae, probably A. vittatus, in soil

and annual flowers in Oroville, Butte County. (Cal. Coop. Rpt.).

BENEFICIAL INSECTS

LADY BEETLES - IDAHO — Up to 5 egg masses and many adults per tree observed in
apple and plum orchards near Payette, Payette County. (Matsen, Portman). NEW
MEXICO - Averaged 1-3 adults per 25 sweeps in alfalfa in Bernalillo County.
(Heninger). MISSOURI -— Hippodamia convergens and Coleomegilla maculata adults
and larvae ranged 20-50 per 10 sweeps in alfalfa and red clover in west central
area. (Munson). IOWA - H. convergens and C. maculata adults active on alfalfa
and red clover in southeast. Some egg laying observed. (Mast).

LACEWINGS (Chrysopa spp.) - UTAH - Adults active at Salt Lake City. Moderate
in Washington County alfalfa and orchards May 3. (Knowlton).

DAMSEL BUGS (Nabis spp.) - IOWA - Adults very active on alfalfa and red clover
in southeast. (Mast).

FLOWER BUGS (Orius spp.) - NEW MEXICO - Adults averaged 6-8 per 25 sweeps in
Chaves County alfalfa. (Mathews).

ICHNEUMON WASPS - ILLINOIS - Bathyplectes curculionis reared from alfalfa weevil
larvae collected April 13 in Johnson County and May 4 in Williamson County.
These are new county records. Centeterus sp. reared from alfalfa weevil cocoon
collected April 12 in Williamson County and from cocoon collected April 13 in
Johnson County. Det. by W. E. LaBerge. (White). MISSOURI - Adults of B.
curculionis collected in alfalfa field in Texas County. (Puttler). This is

a new county record. (Munson). CALIFORNIA - B. curculionis adults heavy in
burclover stands in Lake Cachuma, Santa Barbara County. (Cal. Coop. Rpt.).

A PHYTOSEIID MITE (Typhlodromus occidentalis) - OREGON - Overwintering forms
of this species and Zetsellia spp. very abundant during early spring in Milton-
Freewater, Umatilla County, apple and prune orchards. (Every).

- 418 -

FEDERAL & STATE PLANT PROTECTION PROGRAMS

SWEETPOTATO WEEVIL (Cylas formicarius elegantulus) - NORTH CAROLINA - Weevils
found in storage house at Tabor City, Columbus County, March 20, 1967. This is
a new State record. Infested sweetpotatoes found in storage at Saint Pauls,
Robeson County, March 27, 1967. This is a new county record. Deterrinations
made by R. E. Warner. Inspections of storage and growing sites negative in
Duplin, Pender, Lincoln, Lenoir, Scotland, Bladen, Brunswick, Wayne, Onslow, New
Hanover, Sampson, and Cumberland Counties. (N. C. Dept. Agr.). SOUTH CAROLINA -
Surveys made in areas where sweetpotatoes were received from infested storage
house mentioned above. Plantings in Horry and Marion Counties found infested.
Infested sweetpotatoes also found in retail stores in Charleston and Columbia.
Surveys negative in Barnwell, Calhoun, Dillon, and Orangeburg Counties. (PPC
South. Reg., Mar. Rpt.).

WHITE-FRINGED BEETLES (Graphognathus spp.) - GEORGIA - Reducing corn stands in
Colquitt County. Brown, Bayne).

GRASSHOPPERS = OKLAHOMA - Hatch general in Beckham, Caddo, Custer, Roger Mills,
Washita, Comanche, Greer, Jackson, Kiowa, Tillman, and Grady Counties. Nymphs
4-15 per square yard; 90 percent first and second instars. Ageneotettix deorun,
Melanoplus bivittatus, Aulocara elliotti, Phlibostroma quadrimaculatum, an
Amphitornus coloradus dominant; Several banded-wing species also present.

Light hatch noted in 9 eastern counties; averaged less than 1 nymph per square
yard. M. bivittatus, M. occidentalis, and Boopedon nubilum observed. (Okla.
Coop. Sur.). WISCONSIN - Overwintering nymphs, probably Arphia conspersa, common
on some alfalfa in Walworth County. (Wis. Ins. Sur.). MINNESOTA - Most eggs

in clear to early coagulation stages. Few M. bivittatus eggs in protected,

sunny sites show early eye spot development. Economic infestations this

season should be widely scattered and localized; noneconomic to light in most
areas. (Minn. Ins. Rpt.). SOUTH DAKOTA - High percentage of eggs segmented in
Wasta area, Pennington County. Hatch expected with few warm days, particularly in
sandy soil region of southern Tripp County. (Burge, Zimmerman).

CARIBBEAN FRUIT FLY (Anastrepha suspensa) - FLORIDA - Continues to increase on
dooryard fruits in southern half of State; much higher this year than last year
at same time. (Fla. Coop. Sur.).

CITRUS WHITEFLY (Dialeurodes citri) - CALIFORNIA - Total of 110 city blocks
treated in Sacramento. Of these, 31 repeat treatments initiated second applica-
tion in south part of area. (Cal. Coop. Rpt.).

GYPSY MOTH (Porthetria dispar) - CONNECTICUT - Eggs hatching at South Windsor.
Winter egg counts indicate larvae should not be problem in most areas. (Savos,
May 10).

PINK BOLLWORM (Pectinophora gossypiella) - CALIFORNIA - Single male moth taken
in sex lure trap at Blythe, Riverside County, May 4. This is first field
collection for 1967. Cotton late due to adverse weather; many fields will be
replanted when ground dries. (Cal. Coop. Rpt.).

- 419 =

INSECT DETECTION
New State Records

CITRUS RED MITE (Panonychus citri) - ARIZONA - Detected May 3, 1967, in Yuma
County. Det. by D. M. Tuttle. (p. 413).

SWEETPOTATO WEEVIL (Cylas formicarius elegantulus) - NORTH CAROLINA - In storage
house. in Columbus County March 20, 1967. Det. by R. E. Warner. (p. 419).

New County Records

EUROPEAN CORN BORER (Ostrinia nubalilis) - NORTH DAKOTA - Larvae in Burke and
Divide Counties. (p. 404).

ALFALFA WEEVIL (Hypera postica) - KANSAS - Ellis and Cherokee Counties.
MISSOURI - Benton County. DIANA - De Kalb, Noble, Lagrange, Elkhart, St.
Joseph, La Porte, Porter, Starke, and Jasper Counties. NEW YORK - Allegany
County. (p. 406).

FACE FLY (Musca autumnalis) - IDAHO - Idaho County. (p. 416).

AN ICHNEUMON WASP (Bathyplectes curculionis) - ILLINOIS - Fron alfalfa weevil
larvae collected April 13, 1967, Johnson County and May 4, 1967, Williamson
County. (p. 419).

SWEETPOTATO WEEVIL (Cylas formicarius elegantulus) - NORTH CAROLINA - Robeson
County. (p. 419).

CORRECTIONS

CEIR 17(19):387 - LESSER PEACH TREE BORER (Synanthedon americanum) should read
(Synanthedon pictipes).

CEIR 17(16):320 -. European Pine Shoot Moth map. Delete Spokane County,
Washington, as infestation considered erradicated. Make same deletion on
map in 17(14):272.

LIGHT TRAP COLLECTIONS

Precip-—

°
2
5
B
2
°
”
»
a
+
Nal
D
a
be
a
a
o

trap

inches

ture °F.

BL

Gainsville 5/10

FLORIDA

Champaign 5/4-10

ILLINOIS

KANSAS

Great Bend 5/5, 8

Centreville 5/4-10
Snow Hill 5/2-9

MARYLAND

N
qo
i
©
SS
ire)
N
ae
ui
oo
eS
ive)
to")
an
AO
ae
B =|
=)
(aS

Stoneville 5/6-12

MISSISSIPPI

Lincoln 4/29-5/5
Mead 4/29-5/5

NEBRASKA

TENNESSEE (Counties)

Cumberland 5/2-8

Ames 5/2-8
Madison 5/2-8
Maury 5/2-8
Robertson 5/2-8
Greene 5/2-8
Knox 5/2-8
Johnson 5/2-8

Waco 5/6-12

TEXAS

WISCONSIN (Counties)
Madison 5/6-12
Mazomanie 5/6-12
Platteville 5/6-12

- 421 -

HAWAII INSECT REPORT

Corn, Sugarcane - NEW GUINEA SUGARCANE WEEVIL (Rhabdoscelus obscurus) adults heavy
in Some cane fields in Lihue, Kauai. Adults averaged 40 per trap during 2-week
period. Strong preference for certain varieties of cane noted. (Au).

Turf - Larvae and adults of a BILLBUG (Sphenophorus venatus vestitus) light to
medium in zoysia lawns throughout Kalaheo, Kauai. Damage moderate to heavy on one
lawn with average of 3 larvae and 2 adults per square foot. (Au).

Vegetables - MELON FLY (Dacus cucurbitae) larvae causing heavy damage to immature
Squash (tongan) in Waianae, Oahu; approximately 75 percent of fruits infested.
Brown oviposition injury visible on fruits. Adults light. (Shinbara). All stages
of SWEETPOTATO WEEVIL (Cylas formicarius elegantulus) light to medium in 1.5-acre
sweetpotato field in Waikane, Oahu. (Sato). BEET ARMYWORM (Spodoptera exigua)
larvae light on green onion at Waianae, Oahu; one or more larvae on 2-3 tubular
leaves of every plant. An armyworm, probably this species, damaging whorls of
young corn plants in 16-acre field at Kahuku, Oahu. Larvae 1-4 per plant on 50
percent of 1-foot high plants. (Funasaki).

Fruits - OBSCURE MEALYBUG (Pseudococcus obscurus) moderate to heavy in few spots
of 200-acre passion-fruit farm in Kahului, Maui. Light numbers of a lady beetle,
Cryptolaemus montrouzieri, seen amid mealybugs. (Miyahira).

General Pests - CHINESE ROSE BEETLE (Adoretus sinicus) adults very active from

Towland areas of Kahului up through Makawao on Maui. Numerous adults attracted
to night lights. Heavy foliar damage noted on corn, soybean, rose, apple, and

peanut. (Miyahira).

Man and Animals - A CATTLE GRUB (Hypoderma sp.) infestation noted on young calves
in Kohala and Waimea, Hawaii Island. (Garcia). MOSQUITOES - Total of 2,292 Aedes
vexans nocturnus and 9,023 Culex pipiens quinquefasciatus taken in 47 light traps
Operated on Oahu by Mosquito Control Branch, Department of Health, during April.
Aedes spp. counts highest at Waiahole, Kaneohe, and Ewa; Culex spp. counts highest
at Waiahole, Kailua, Kaneohe, Waianae, and Nanakuli. (Haw. Ins. Rpt.).

Beneficial Insects -—- MELASTOMA BORER (Selca brunella) infesting approximately
6,000 acres of Melastoma malabathricum during recent survey in Kilohana Crater
area of Kauai. This iS roughly one-third of 17,500 acres covered by Melastoma and
Rhodomyrtus. (Au).

Weather continued from page 402.

Texas to the Carolinas. In some storms in Nebraska, Missouri, Arkansas, and
Tennessee, hail ranged from 2.5 to 3 inches in diameter and was sometimes
accompanied by winds of gale or hurricane force. Tornadoes occurred but heavy
damage was not reported. Rainless areas included the deserts of California and
eastward to the High Plains of Texas, and the Deep South from southern Louisiana
to the southern Atlantic coast. Southern Florida remained extremely dry.

TEMPERATURE: Winter held fast over the northern and central Great Plains for the
4th consecutive week. It was the 7th cool week west of the Rockies. Above-
normal temperatures prevailed from New Mexico to southern Georgia and Florida.

It was the 8th warm week in southern Florida and the 11th warm week in the lower
Rio Grande Valley. As subfreezing to near-freezing temperatures occurred nightly
over the northern and central: States, portions of the South sweltered under re-
cord-breaking heat. On Wednesday, Wichita, Kansas, registered 100 , tying the
record for May. Abilene, Texas, beat their previous May record maximum when
their temperature climbed to 107° on Wednesday. On Saturday, Tallahassee and
Jacksonville, Florida, established new May record maximums with 96 and 100
respectively. Week temperatures averaged 10° or more below normal from Nevada

to New York and 10° above normal over central Texas. (Summary supplied by
Environmental Data Service, ESSA).

BIBLIOGRAPHY ON IMPORTED FIRE ANT
(Solenopsis saevissima richteri Forel)

ADROUNY, G, A., DERBES, V. J. and JUNG, R, C, 1959. Isolation of a hemolytic
component of fire ant venom. Science 130 (3373) :449.

AGRICULTURAL CHEMICALS, 1958. Fire ant control. Agr. Chem. 13(2):51.

ALDEN, C. H. 1951. Insect and plant disease identification. Ann. Rpt. (Ga.)
Dept. Ent. Bul. 96:14. Solenopsis saevissima richteri

ARANT, F, S, and EDEN, W, G, 1949. Control of the imported fire ant. Prog.
Rpt. Ser. No. 42. (Ala. Agr. Expt. Sta.), 2 pp.

ARANT, F. S., HAYS, K. L. and SPEAKE, D. W. 1958. Facts about the imported
fire ant. Highlights Agr. Res. (Ala. Agr. Expt. Sta.). 5(4):12-13.

AYERS, E, L, 1954. Fire ant survey and control. Fla. St. Plt. Bd. Bien. Rpt.
20, Bul. 6:32,

BAKER, M,. F, 1963. New fire ant bait. Highlights Agr. Res. (Ala. Agr. Expt.
Sta.). l2O0@):16. Mirex to control Solenopsis geminata

BANKS, W. A., LOFGREN, C. S,. and STRINGER, C, E, 1964. Laboratory evaluation
of certain chlorinated hydrocarbon insecticides against the imported fire ant
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BANKS, W, A. STRINGER, C, E., BARTHEL, W. F, and LOFGREN, C, S. 1966. Control
of imported fire ants with Nonachlor. J. Econ. Ent. 59 (2) :465-467.

BARTHEL, W, F, and LOFGREN, C, S, 1964. A comparison of some granular carriers
for chlordane and heptachlor against the imported fire ant. J. Agr. & Food Chem.
12 (4) :339-342,

BARTHEL, W. F,, MURPHY, R. T., MITCHELL, W. G, and CORLEY, C. 1960. The fate
of heptachlor in the soil following granular application to the surface. J. Agr.
& Food Chem. 8(6) :445-447.

BARTLETT, F, J. and LOFGREN, C. S. 1961. Field studies with baits against
Solenopsis saevissima richteri, the imported fire ant. J. Econ. Ent. 54(1):70-73.

BARTLETT, F, J. and LOFGREN, C, S. 1964. Control of a native fire ant,
Solenopsis geminata, with mirex bait. J. Econ. Ent. 57(4) :602.

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problem of the imported fire ant. Ga. Acad. Sci. Bul. 23(1) :1-22.

BELLOMY, M. D, 1952. The terrible fire ant. Frontiers 19(4) :114-116.

BENNETT, A. G, 1957. Imported fire ant control. Miss. Agr. Ext. Serv. Pub.
249, 6p.-folder. Revised.

BLAKE, G, H. 1956. Imported fire ant on the march in Alabama. Highlights of
Agr. Res. (Ala. Agr. Expt. Sta.). 3(3):5.

BLAKE, G, H., JR. and EDEN, W. G, 1956. Imported fire ant control in Alabama.
Assoc. South. Agr. Workers Proc. '53:146.

BLAKE, G, H., EDEN, W. G, and HAYS, K, L, 1959. Residual effectiveness of.

chlorinated hydrocarbons for control of the imported fire ant. J. Econ. Ent.
52(1) :1-3.

- 422 -

- 423 -

BLAKE, G, H. and RUFFIN, W. A. 1957. Imported fire ants. Ala. Polytech. Inst.
Agr. Ext. Cir. 516, 6p.-folder. Solenopsis saevissima richteri

BLASINGAME, W. E, 1955. Imported fire ant survey. Ann. Rpt. (Ga.) Dept. Ent.
Bul. 106:13.

BLASINGAME, W. E, 1958. Georgia imported fire ant eradication program. Fla.
Ent. 41(4) :189.

BLUM, M. S. and CALLAHAN, P. S, 1960. Chemical and biological properties of
the venom of the imported fire ant (Solenopsis saevissima var. richteri Forel)
and the isolation of the insecticidal component. Internatl. Cong. Ent. Trans.,
llth Cong., v.3(symp. 3/4) :290-293.

BLUM, M. S., WALKER, J. R,, CALLAHAN, P, S, and NOVAK, A. F, 1958. Chemical,
insecticidal, and antibiotic properties of fire ant venom. Science 128(3319) :306-
SOM

BOOCK, O. J. and GONZAGA E, LORDELLO, L, 1952. Formiga "lava-pe," praga da
batatinha--Solanum tuberosum L. Rev. Agr. (Piracicaba). 27(11/12) :377-379.

BRANNON, C, H. 1954. Imported fire ant. N. C. Dept. Agr. Bien. Rpt. 1952/54,
p. 65.

BRIAN, M. V. 1951. Ant culture for laboratory experiment. Ent. Mon. Mag.
87 (1044) :134-136.

BROWN, W. L.,
Psyche 68:75-109.

JR, 1961. Mass insect control programs: Four case histories.

BROWN, R. 1966. Imported fire ant. Div. Plant Indus. (Fla.). Leaf. 1,
8p.-folder.

BRUCE, W. G, 1951. Summary of insect conditions in 1950. U.S. Dept. Agr. Ins.
Pest Survey, p. 28. Map on opposite page.

BRUCE, W. G., COARSEY, J. M., JR., SMITH, M, R, and CULPEPPER, G, H. 1949.
Survey of the imported fire ant, (Solenopsis saevissima var. richteri Forel).
U.S. Dept. Agr. Spec. Rpt. S-15, 25 pp. Unpublished.

BUCKMASTER, V. 1965. Fire ant States protest end of USDA eradication program.
Agr. Chem. 20(4) :48-49, 121-123. Map. Solenopsis saevissima richteri

CALLAHAN, P, S., BLUM, M. S. and WALKER, J. R, 1959. Morphology and histology
of the poison glands and sting of the imported fire ant. (Solenopsis saevissima v.
richteri Forel). Ent. Soc. Amer. Ann. 52(5) :573-590. Ref.

CARNEIRO RIBERIO, J. H. 1954. Sobre a formiga ruiva e seu combati. Agronomia
(Rio de Janerio). 13 (3/4) :227-231.

CARO, M. R., DERBES, V. J. and JUNG, R, 1957. Skin responses to the sting of
the imported fire ant (Solenopsis saevissima). Arch. Dermatol. 75 (4) :475-488.

CAVILL, G. W. K. and ROBERTSON, P. L. 1965. Ant venoms, attractants, and
repellents. Science 149 (3690) :1337-1345. New South Wales. Reference to
Solenopsis sp.

CLARKSON, M. R. 1958. Progress in pest control. Farm Chem. 121 (1) :46.

CLAWSON, S. G. and BAKER, M. F, 1959. Immediate effects of dieldrin and hepta-
chlor on bobwhites. J. Wildlife Mgt. 23(2) :215-219.

- 424 -

COCKERHAM, K, L, and CLOWER, D, F, 1957. Get rid of the imported fire ant.
ta. Ext.) Pub. 1205556) pp.

COOPERATIVE ECONOMIC INSECT REPORT. 1957. Imported fire ant (Solenopsis)
saevissima v. richteri Forel). U.S. Dept. Agr. Coop. Econ. Ins. Rpt. 7(13) :245-246.

COPE, O. B, and SPRINGER, P. F, 1958. Mass control of insects: The effects
on fish and wildlife. Ent. Soc. Amer. Bul. 4(2) :52-56.

COWPERTHWAITE, W. G, 1958. Present status of the imported fire ant eradication
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CRANCE, J. H, 1965. Fish kills in Alabama ponds after swarms of the imported fire
ant. Prog. Fish-Cult. 27(2) :91-94.,

CREIGHTON, W. S. 1930. The new world species of the genus (Solenopsis (Hymenop.
Formicidae)). Amer. Acad. Arts and Sci. Proc. 66(2) :87-89.

CREIGHTON, W. S, 1950. The ants of North America. Mus. Compar. Zool. Bul.
(Harvard) 104:332,

CULPEPPER, G., H. 1951. Imported fire ant (Solenopsis saevissima richteri
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CULPEPPER, G. H. 1953. The distribution of the imported fire ant in the
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CULPEPPER, G. H. 1953. Status of the imported fire ant in the Southern States
in July 1953. U.S. Dept. Agr. Bur. Ent. and Plant Quar. E-867, 8 pp.

CURL, L. F, 1958. Aerial application in eradication program. Agr. Chem.
13 (4) :44.,

DECKLE, G, W, 1953. The imported fire ant in Florida. Fla. St. Hort. Soc.
Proc. 66:310-311.

DENMARK, H. A, 1957. The imported fire ant in Florida. Fla. St. Plt. Bd.
Leaf., 5Sp.-folder.

DUNHAM, C. W. 1958. Growers' talks at Delaware course. Amer. Nurseryman
107 (5) :159-160,

DYKSTRA, W., W. 1958. Relation of wildlife to the fire ant eradication program.
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EDEN, W. G. 1952. Control of insect pests of legumes. Ala. Agr. Expt. Sta.
Ann. Rpts. 60 and 61:53. Solenopsis saevissima richteri

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EDEN, W. G, and GARRETT, F, E, 1955. Control of soil insect pests in Gulf Coast
Irish potato fields. Ala. Prog. Rpt., Ser. No. 60, 1 page.

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FAVORITE, M. P. H. 1958. The imported fire ant. U.S. Pub. Health Rpts. 73(5):
445-448,

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- 425 -

FORD, T, 1948. Federal agency's survey crew enters battle to determine extent
of fire ant infestation. Ala. Conservation 20(6) :8-9, 14.

FOREL, A. 1909. Ameisen aus Guatemala usw., Paraguay and Argentinien. (Hym.).
Deutsch. Ent. Z. 5:267.

FRYE, O, E, 1958. Relation of wildlife to the fire ant eradication program in
Florida. Fla. Ent. 41(4) :189-190. Solenopsis saevissima richteri

GAINES, J. F. and LOWRY, H. E. 1960. The controversial fire ant. Soeast. Vet.
12(1) :22-24. Solenopsis saevissima richteri

GLASGOW, L. L. 1959. Wildlife and the fire ant program. No. Amer. Conf. Trans.
24:142-146, Solenopsis saevissima richteri. Toxicity of insecticides to
wildlife.

GREEN, H. B, 1951. The imported fire ant in northeast Mississippi. Assoc.
South., Agr. Workers Proc. 48:94.

GREEN, H. B, 1952. Biology and control of the imported fire ant in Mississippi.
J. Econ. Ent. 45(4) :593-597.

GREEN, H. B, 1959. Imported fire ant mortality due to cold. J. Econ. Ent.
52 (2) :347.

GREEN, H. B. 1962. On the biology of the imported fire ant. J. Econ. Ent.
55 (6) :1003-1004.

GREEN, H. B, and HUTCHINS, R, E. 1957. A progress report on imported fire ant
studies in Mississippi. Ent. Soc. Amer. Bul. 3(3) :39-40.

GREEN, H. B. and HUTCHINS, R, E. 1958. A progress report on imported fire ant
studies in Mississippi. Assoc. South. Agr. Workers Proc. 55:118.

GREEN, H. B, and HUTCHINS, R, E. 1958. New tests show dieldrin, heptachlor
death to fire ants applied in any fashion. South. Florist and Nurseryman 70(48):
63, 70.

GREEN, H. B, and HUTCHINS, R. E. 1958. Progress made on control of ants in
pastures. Miss. Farm Res. 21(1):1-8.

GREEN, H. B, and HUTCHINS, R, E. 1960. Laboratory study of toxicity of
imported fire ants to bluegill fish. J.Econ. Ent. 53(6):1137-1138. Probably due
to the insect venom,

HAEUSSLER, G, J. and LEIBY, R. W. 1952. Survey of insect pests. U.S. Dept.
Agr. Yearbook for 1952, p. 445. 25

HAYS, K. L. 1958. The present status of the imported fire ant in Argentina.
J.Econ. Ent. 51(1) :111-112.

HAYS, K. L. 1959. Ecological observations on the imported fire ant, Solenopsis
saevissima richteri Forel, in Alabama. Ala. Acad..Sci. J. 30(4) :14-18.

HAYS, S. B. and ARANT, F. S. 1960. Insecticidal baits for control of the
imported fire ant, Solenopsis saevissima richteri. J. Econ. Ent. 53 (2) :188-191.

HAYS, S. B. and HAYS, K. L. 1959. Food habits of Solenopsis saevissima
richteri Forel. J. Econ. Ent. 52(3) :455-457.

HENSLEY, S. D. and COAUTHORS, 1961. Effects of insecticides on the predaceous
arthropod fauna of Louisiana sugarcane fields. J. Econ. Ent. 54 (1) :146-149.
Solenopsis saevissima richteri included.

- 426 -

HERMANN, H. R. and BLUM, M. 8S. 1965. Morphology and histology of the repro-
ductive system of the imported fire ant queen, Solenopsis saevissima richteri.
Ent. Soc. Amer. Ann. 58(1) :81-89.

HONG eA:
Quarantine,

1950. Report of the Chief of the Bureau of Entomology and Plant
47.

Ss.

p.
HOYT, A. S. 1951. Report of the Chief of the Bureau of Entomology and Plant
Quarantine, p. 33.
So
p.
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1952. Report of the Chief of the Bureau of Entomology and Plant
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HOYT, A.
Quarantine,

HUME, W.
108 (2) :24.

1958. Georgians discuss selling fire ants. American Nurseryman

HUTCHINS, R. E, 1955. Imported fire ant. Miss. St. Plt. Bd. Bien. Rpt.
153/555 j9o Oe

HUTCHINS, R, E,. 1957. Imported fire ant control. Miss. State Plant Board Bien.
Rpt. 1955/56-1956/57:3, 9-17.

HUTCHINS, R, E. and GREEN, H. B, 1957. The imported fire ant. Miss. Agr. Expt.
Sta. Inform, Sheet 562, 2 pp.

HUTCHINS, R. E, and GREEN, H. B. 1957. Research staff begins imported fire ant
study. Miss. Farm Res. 20(5):1, 8.

JENKINS, J. H, 1963. A review of five years research on the effects of the
fire ant control program on selected wildlife populations. Ga. Acad. Sci. Bul.
Dil GL) 8B

JUNG, R. C, and DERBES, V, J. 1957. The imported fire ant Solenopsis
saevisSima var, richteri, as an agent of disease. Amer. J. Trop. Med. and Hyg.

6 (2) :372-373.

KHAN, A. R. 1966. Studies on the rearing, biology and control of the imported
fire ant. 91 pp. Dissertation - State College, Mississippi, August 1966.

LIFE, 1958. Fire ant plague. Life 45(2) :117-118.

LIVINGSTON, B. P. 1958. Fire ant program, State of Alabama. Fla. Ent. 41(4):
190. Solenopsis saevissima richteri

LODING, H. P. 1929. An ant (Solenopsis saevissima richteri Forel). U.S. Dept.
Agr. Ins. Pest Survey Bul. 9(6) :241.

LOFGREN, C. S., ADLER, V. E., BANKS, W. A. and PIERCE, N. 1964. Control of
imported fire ants with chlordane. J. Econ. Ent. 57(3) :331-333.

LOFGREN, C, S., ADLER, V, E. and BARTHEL, W, F, 1961. Effect of some variations
in formulation or application procedure on control of the imported fire ant with
granular heptachlor. J. Econ. Ent. 54(1) :45-47.

LOFGREN, C. S., BARTLETT, F. J. and STRINGER, C, E, 1961. Imported fire ant
toxic bait studies: the evaluation of various food materials. J. Econ. Ent. 54(6):
1096-1100.

LOFGREN, C, S., BARTLETT, F, J. and STRINGER, C, E. 1963. Imported fire ant
toxic bait studies: evaluation of carriers for oil baits. J. Econ. Ent. 56(1):
62-66.

LOFGREN, C, S., BARTLETT, F. J. and STRINGER, C. E, 1964. The acceptability of
some fats and oils as food to imported fire ants. J. Econ. Ent. 57(4) :601-602.

- 427 -

LOFGREN, C. S., BARTLETT, F. J., STRINGER, C, E, and BANKS, W. A, 1964.
Imported fire ant toxic bait studies: further tests with granulated mirex-soybean
oil bait. J. Econ. Ent. 57(5) :695-698.

LOFGREN, C. S. and COAUTHORS, 1965. Dual low dosage applications of heptachlor
for control of the imported fire ant. Fla. Ent. 48(4) :265-270.

LOFGREN, C. S. and STRINGER, C, E, 1964. The effect of heptachlor and chlordane
on the foraging activity of imported fire ants. J. Econ. Ent. 57(2) :235-237.

LOFGREN, C. S., STRINGER, C, E, and BARTLETT, F, J, 1962. Imported fire ant
toxic bait studies: GC-1283, a promising toxicant. J. Econ. Ent. 55(3) :405-407.

LONG, E. J. 1957. Battle-lines are forming to oppose an unwelcome immigrant.
Nature Magazine 50(6) :302-304.

LYLE, C, 1951. Imported fire ant a difficult problem. Miss. Agr. Expt. Sta.
Ann. Rpt. 64:31.

LYLE, C, and FORTUNE, I, 1948. Notes on an imported fire ant. J. Econ. Ent.
41 (5) :833-834.

LYLE, C, and LEVECK, H. H. 1957. 70th annual report 1956/57. Miss. Agr. Expt.
Sta., pp. 24-25.

McCLANAHAN, H. S. 1950. (Grove inspection department). Fla. St. Plt. Bd. Bien.
Rpt., pp. 18-42.

McCRORY, S. J. 1953. Imported fire ant. La. St. Dept. Agr. and Immigrat. Bien.
Rpt. 36:36.

McEACHERN, D, M, 1961. The imported fire ant in Texas, Fitofilo 14(29) :16-18.
In Sp.

MURPHY, R. T., BARTHEL, W, F, and LOFGREN, C, S, 1962. Residual studies in
connection with excessive applications of heptachlor for imported fire ant eradi-
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NEWSOM, L. D, and COAUTHORS, 1959. Effect of the fire ant eradication program
on the fauna of rice fields. Insect conditions in Louisiana 2;8-14.

OLIVE, A. T. 1960. Infestation of the imported fire ant, Solenopsis saevissima
v. richteri, at Fort Benning, Georgia. J. Econ. Ent. 53(4) :646-648.

PADGET, L. J. 1958. The fire ant eradication in the Southern States. Fla. Ent.
41(4):190. Solenopsis saevissima richteri

PADGET, L. J. 1959. The imported fire ant program in the southeastern United
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PARRISH, H. M. 1963. Analysis of 460 fatalities from venomous animals in the
United States. Amer. J. Med. Sci. 245(2) :129-141.

RANKIN, A, 1957. The great fire-ant invasion. Reader's Digest 71(425) :74-77.
(Original article in Farm and Ranch, September 1957).

RHOADES, W. C, 1962. A synecological study of the effects of the imported fire
ant eradication program. Fla. Ent. 45(5) :161-173.

RHOADES, W. C. 1963. A synecological study of the effects of the imported fire
ant eradication program. II. Light trap, soil sample, litter sample and sweep net
methods of collecting. Fla. Ent. 46(4) :301-310.

- 428 -

RHOADES, W, C,. and DAVIS, D. R. 1967. Effects of meteorological factors on the
biology and control of the imported fire ant. J. Econ. Ent. 60(2) :554-558.

RUFFIN, W. A. 1957. The imported fire ant. South. Seedsm. 20(6) :44-45.

SENN, L. H., BLOCKER, H. D. and COCHRAN, J. H. 1958. Imported fire ant invades
South Carolina. S. C. Agr. Res. 5(2):6.

SILVEIRA GUIDO, A,, SAN MARTIN, P., CRISCI PISANO, C, and CARBONELL BRUHN, J.
1963. Investigations on the biology and biological control of the fire ant,
Solenopsis saevissima richteri Forel inUruguay. Second Annual Report. University
of the Republic, 36 pp., Montevideo-Uruguay.

SMITH, M. R. 1949. Ent. Soc. Wash. Proc. 51(4):178-179. No title--a note in
minutes of meeting.

SNELLING, R, R, 1963. The United States species of fire ants of the genus
Solenopsis, subgenus Solenopsis Westwood, with synonymy of Solenopsis aurea

(Wheeler) (Hymenoptera-Formicidae). Calif. Bur. Ent. Occas. Papers 3, 14 pp.

SOUTHERN PLANT BOARD, 1957. Summary of conclusions reached in considering the
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STRINGER, C,. E., LOFGREN, C. S. and BARTLETT, F. J, 1964. Imported fire ant
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STROUD, R, H. (Editor). 1958. Super insecticides--space-age pollutants. Sport
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TEXAS AGRICULTURAL AND MECHANICAL COLLEGE EXTENSION SERV. 1958. How to control
the imported fire ant. Tex. Agr. Col. Ext. Leaf. 384, 6p.-folder.

THORNE, T. D, 1958. Imported fire ant; this small red ant is becoming a major
crop problem in the South. Crops & Soils 11(2):11-12.

TODD, A. W. 1957. Seventy-fourth annual report of the Department of Agriculture
and Industries for the fiscal year October 1, 1956-September 30, 1957, pp. 3,34.

U.S. AGRICULTURAL RESEARCH SERV, 1958. Facts about the imported fire ant
eradication program, 10 pp.

U.S. AGRICULTURAL RESEARCH SERV,, ENTOMOLOGY RESEARCH DIVISION, 1958. The
imported fire ant; how to control it. U.S. Dept. Agr. Leaf. 350, slightly rev.,
8 pp.

U.S. AGRICULTURAL RESEARCH SERV,, ENTOMOLOGY RESEARCH DIVISION. 1958. Obser-
vations on the biology of the imported fire ant. U.S. Agr. Res. Serv. ARS-33-49,
21 pp.

U.S. AGRICULTURAL RESEARCH SERV,, PLANT PEST CONTROL DIVISION, 1962. The
imported fire ant program and progress. U.S. Agr. Res. Serv. ARS-81-9, 10 pp.

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U.S. AGRICULTURAL RESEARCH SERV., PLANT PEST CONTROL DIVISION, 1963, The
imported fire ant. U.S. Dept. Agr. PA 592, 8p.-folder.

U.S. AGRICULTURAL RESEARCH SERV,, PLANT PEST CONTROL DIVISION, 1958. The
fight against the imported fire ant. U.S. Dept. Agr. PA 368, 4 pp.

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U.S. DEPT, OF AGRICULTURE, INSECTS AFFECTING MAN AND ANIMALS, 1951. The
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U.S. DEPT, OF AGRICULTURE, INSECTS AFFECTING MAN AND ANIMALS SECTION, ENT,
RES, BR, 1954. The imported fire ant and how to control it, U.S. Dept. Agr. Leaf.
350, 8 pp. el

|

U.S. DEPT, OF AGRICULTURE, OFFICE OF INFORMATION, 1959. ‘Proving ground for
weapons against fire ant. U.S. Dept. Agr., Off. Inform. Picture Story 117, 4 pp.
Solenopsis saevissima richteri

U.S. DEPT, OF AGRICULTURE, ORLANDO, FLORIDA LABORATORY, 1955. Insecticides
and repellents for the control of insects of medical importance to the Armed
Forces. U.S. Dept. Agr. Cir. 977:69.

VAN DRESSER, C, 1958. Man vs. ant. Amer, Forests 64(11):14-15, 44-47.
Solenopsis saevissima richteri

WALDO, E, 1957, Fire ant threat. Louisiana Conservat. 9(4) :22-24,

WALKER, J. R, and CLOWER, D, F, 1961. Morphology and histology of the alimen-
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WELCH, F, J. 1949. Fire ant control. Miss. Agr. Expt. Sta. Ann. Rpt. 49:22.

WELCH, F, J. 1950. Control of imported fire ant. Miss. Agr. Expt. Sta. Ann.
Rpt. 63:29,

WILSON, E, O, 1951. Variation and adaptation in the imported fire ant.
Evolution 5(1) :68-79.

WILSON, E, O, 1952. A report on the imported fire ant Solenopsis saevissima
var. richteri Forel in the Gulf States. Ala. Acad. Sci. J. 21-22752.

WILSON, E, O. 1952. O complexo Solenopsis saevissima na America do Sul
(Hymenoptera:Formicidae). Inst. Oswaldo Cruz. Mem. 50:49-68. English translation
of article included.

WILSON, E. O, 1953. Origin of the variation in the imported fire ant. Evolution
7(3) :262-263.

WILSON, E. O. 1958. The fire ant. Sci. Amer. 198(3) :36-41.

WILSON, E. O. 1959. Invader of the South. Nat. Hist. 68(5) :276-281. Solenopsis
saevissima richteri

WILSON, E. O, 1959. Source and possible nature of the odor trail of fire ants.
Science 129(3349) :643-644.,

WILSON, E, O. 1962. Chemical communication among workers of the fire ant
Solenopsis saevissima (Fr. Smith). 1. The organization of mass-foraging. 2. An
information analysis of the odour trail. 3. The experimental induction of social
responses. Animal Behaviour 10(1/2) :134-147; 148-158; 159-164.

WILSON, E. O, and BROWN, W. L., JR, 1958. Recent changes in the introduced
population of the fire ant (Solenopsis saevissima) (Fr. Smith). Evolution 12(4):
211-218,

WILSON, E. O, and EADS, J. H, 1949. A report on the imported fire ant
Solenopsis saevissima var. richteri Forel in Alabama. Ala. Dept. of Conservation,
Spec. Rpt. July 16, 53 pp., plus 13 plates. Mimeographed.

- 430 -

WILSON, E. O, and EISNER, T, 1957. Quantitative studies of liquid food trans-
mission in ants. Insectes Sociaux 4(2) :157-166.

YORK, H. H. 1949. (Project Forester of Alabama). Fire ants. 3 pp. Mimeographed.

* OK K KK KK K K K KK K K K K

Separates of this bibliography are available from Survey and Detection Operations,

U.S. Dept. Agr.
Prepared in Plant Pest Control Coop. Econ. Ins. Rpt.
Division May 19, 1967 17 (20) :422-430, 1967

- 43] -
INSECTS NOT KNOWN TO OCCUR IN THE UNITED STATES
MELON WEEVIL (Baris granulipennis (Tournier) )

Economic Importance: The species, first described from Egypt, is a serious pest
of watermelons, melons and cucumbers in Israel. Occasionally, heavy populations
occur in Egypt. A 10-percent infestation of watermelons has been reported from
Afghanistan. Ovipositing females cause economic damage by girdling the stem ends
of fruit. As a result, fruit development is stunted. Larval feeding within
melons may cause malformation or shriveling. At times attacked fruit dries on
the vine.

Distribution: Egypt, Iran, Israel, U.S.S.R. and Afghanistan (specimens deter-
mined aS probably B. granulipennis).

Hosts: Watermelons, melons and cucumbers.

General distribution of Baris granulipennis (Tournier)

Life History and Habits: In Israel, overwintering adults appear near the end of
May or early June when the first fruits develop. The female gnaws small cavities
in the peel and places one egg in each, but may deposit many in one fruit. Incu-
bation requires 3 to 6 days. Upon hatching, the larva goes deeper into the fruit
where it feeds on the pulp and soft seeds. When summer temperatures reach above
30°C, the larva may complete its development in 12 to 14 days. However, the
larval stage may vary if conditions are unfavorable. Larvae usually attack young
soft fruit from the size of a walnut to that of a grapefruit. Pupation takes
place within a cocoon in the pulp of the fruit. The adult emerges in about 12
days. There are 2-3 generations a year in Israel.

Coleoptera: Curculionidae No. 165 of Series

- 432 -

Description: ADULT - Length 4.5 - 5 mm; width 2 mm. Reddish brown to black,
densely punctured. Rostrum 1.2 times longer than prothorax, slender strongly
curved, uniformly tapering, dorsally with dense coarse punctures; laterally the
punctures still coarser, slightly fused into striations. Each puncture with
silvery seta. Antennae red-brown. Prothorax transverse, sides rounded, strongly
constricted at apex, posterior angles rounded. Elytra wide, anteriorly nearly
parallel and straight, narrowing posteriorly. Legs colored as body, densely
punctured, each puncture with seta, tibiae long, third segment wide, deeply
cleft, with dense brushlike tarsal pads. Abdomen convex, laterally with coarse
punctures, becoming finer medially. EGG - white, translucent, elliptical; 0.5
mm. long. LARVA - Length 9 mm., width 3 mm.; white with pink median line along
dorsum. Larva widest at posterior third, tapers slightly towards the head.
Head red; labrum and mandibles brownish-red. PUPAL CELL - Length 6-8 mm; width
4-5 mm. Various shades of brown, elliptical. PUPA - Length 5 mm; width 3 mn.
White, rostrum reaching about one-third of body.

Oviposition punctures on
young watermelons. Courtesy
Commonw. Inst. Ent.

Watermelon infested with Cocoons in dried watermelon
larvae. Courtesy Commonw. peel. Courtesy Commonw.
Deri Sit eine Inst. Ent.

Selected References: 1. Rivnay, E. 1962. Field Crop Pests in the Near East,
p., The Hague. (pp. 278-281). 2. Rivnay, E. 1960., Bul. Ent. Res. 51L@)):
115-122, Illustrations of damage from Rivnay.

Prepared in Survey and Detection U.S. Dept. Agr.
Operations in cooperation with Coop. Econ. Ins. Rpt.

other ARS agencies. 17 (20) :431-432, 1967

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