Historic, archived document

Do not assume content reflects current
scientific knowledge, policies, or practices.

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Aac7NOL. 23 NO. 40 OCTOBER 5, 1973

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- Economic
. Insect Report

Issued by
PLANT PROTECTION AND QUARANTINE PROGRAMS
ANIMAL AND PLANT HEALTH INSPECTION SERVICE
- U.S.DEPARTMENT OF AGRICULTURE 4

Ni

ANIMAL AND PLANT HEALTH INSPECTION SERVICE
PLANT PROTECTION AND QUARANTINE PROGRAMS
PEST SURVEY AND TECHNICAL SUPPORT STAFF

The Cooperative Economic Insect Report is issued
weekly as a service to American Agriculture. Its contents
are compiled from information supplied by cooperating State,
Federal, and industrial entomologists and other agricultural
workers. In releasing this material the Service serves as
a Clearing house and does not assume responsibility for ac-
curacy of the material.

All reports and inquiries pertaining to this release,
including the mailing list, should be sent to:

CEIR
Pest Survey and Technical Support Staff
Plant Protection and Quarantine Programs
Animal and Plant Health Inspection Service
United States Department of Agriculture
Federal Center Building
Hyattsville, Maryland 20782

Volume 23 October 5, 1973 Number 40

COOPERATIVE ECONOMIC INSECT REPORT

- HIGHLIGHTS

Current Conditions

FALL ARMYWORM heavy on corn in New Mexico and Kansas, and heavy
in lawns. and pastures in Texas, Oklahoma, and Missouri. (pp. 683,
684) ©

STINK BUGS are.a problem on soybeans in Kentucky, Virginia, and
Alabama. (p. 685).

SHOTHOLE BORER killing fruit trees in New Mexico and Oklahoma.
FALL WEBWORM heavy in Alabama, Arkansas, and Texas. (p. 687).
Detection

For new county records see page 691.

Special Reports
Insects Not Known to Occur in the United States.

South African Grain Bug (Macchiademus diplopterus (Distant)).
(pp. 693-694). SlraeuT Lame

Reports in this issue are for week ending September 28 unless
otherwise indicated.

- 681 --

CONTENTS
Special Insects of Regional Significance. ....05...6.52+ ee -683
Insects Affecting

Corn, Sorghum, Sugarcane...683 Potatoes, Tomatoes, Peppers. 686

smal Grads. aoe Celcieees « ..684 Beans and Peas.:...... a Gait » BESO
Turf, Pastures, Rangeland..684 Deciduous Fruits and Nuts...687
Forage Legumes .i./...:.....684 Small Fere@its: 2... eee. 687
Soybeans ...:% 4. BO as) ha econ ;.685 -Ornamenta.to.. ... «see ee ee
PE@QABUES 62 iis care eo weno es -...---085 Forest and Shade Trees......688
COPEOMW 6 6 wd ese ne oe ents «sss e086 Man and. Animats.2 2 of a Geo
Benefieral Insets 6 eisic och ieee eee rees ace, cece lesa ela 2 se de ee oy
Federal and State Plant Protection Programs. «. baa: bi aie ae -690
Hawaii Tnsect ‘Report... ccd ies ei eae we boa er G omanenatte siiet co. 0 jan eae eae es Be
Detection? . .2732234 a ele ee SCS Pe 5 EP OS eS ee ee ve ee eee.
Lrehts Trap Colbfectious 24 Serie tee Aa ee Bat ee a fa Side a ee eee 692

Insects Not Known to Occur in the neaied era.
South African Grain an oe diplopterus aS is ahaa.
Weather of the week. Pe. ees atl ee be thre eae Sas Sn. Sees . . .695

NATIONAL WEATHER SERVICE'S 30-DAY OUTLOOK
OCTOBER 1973

The National Weather Service's 30-day outlook for October is for
temperatures to average below seasonal normals in the South except
for near to above normal in the south Atlantic Coast States. Above
normal temperatures are indicated for the Northwest, the northern
Great Plains, the southern Plateau, and the south Pacific Coast.
Elsewhere near normal temperatures are in prospect. Precipitation
is expected to exceed normal from the Gulf Coast States northward
through the Ohio and middle Mississippi Valleys to the Great
Lakes. Subnormal totals are indicated for the western third of

the Nation except for near normal over the north Pacific Coast.

In unspecified areas near normal precipitation is in prospect.

Weather forecast given here is based on the official 30-day
"Resume and Outlook" published twice a month by the National
Weather Service. You can subscribe through the Superintendent
of Documents, Washington, D.C. 20250. Price $5.00 a year.

- 682 -

SPECIAL INSECTS OF REGIONAL SIGNIFICANCE

ARMY CUTWORM (Euxoa auxiliaris) - KANSAS - Fall moth flights much
heavier than uSual in Barton County according to blacklight trap
catches. (Bell).

CORN EARWORM (Heliothis zea) - CALIFORNIA - Damaged field corn at
Dunnigan, Yolo County. (Cal. Coop. Rpt.). OKLAHOMA - Averaged 10
per 10 sweeps of alfalfa checked in Payne County. (Okla. Coop.
Sur.). WISCONSIN - Larvae of this species and Spodoptera frugiperda
(fall armyworm) heavy in ears of late corn in northeast and north-
central area. Many larvae still young. (Wis. Ins. Sur.).

GREENBUG (Schizaphis graminum) - NEW MEXICO - Damaged seedling
wheat in Curry County. Treatments needed in some fields. (N.M.
Coop. Rpt.).

CORN, SORGHUM, SUGARCANE

EUROPEAN CORN BORER (Ostrinia nubilalis) - TENNESSEE - Infested
corn in McNairy County. This is a new county record. (Gordon,
Bruer). KENTUCKY - Percent infested plants by county (borers per
100 plants in parentheses): Webster 11.2 (10), Union 57.6 (90.8),
McLean 21.6 (22.4), Henderson 24.8 (20), Daviess 63.2 (57.6),
Hopkins 15.2 (4.4). (Barnett, Gregory). NEBRASKA - Ranged O-8 per
plant in 50 Clay County cornfields. Plants infested by larvae
averaged 4 percent. (Keith). SOUTH DAKOTA - Fall abundance survey
completed in Clay, Davison, Hanson, Lake, McCook, Miner,
Minnehaha, Sanborn, Union, and Yankton Counties. Percent infesta-
tion averaged 50, 55, and 57 in Davison, Miner, and Sanborn
Counties, respectively. Borers averaged 269 per 100 stalks.
(Jones).

SOUTHWESTERN CORN BORER (Diatraea grandiosella) - TENNESSEE -
Damaged 60-acre cornfield in Fayette County. Corn planted in April;
yield reduced one-third. (Locke). KENTUCKY - Damaged late-

planted corn in Christian County. Heavy damage in Henderson
County. (Barnett, Raney).

FALL ARMYWORM (Spodoptera frugiperda) - NEW MEXICO - Damage heavy
to ears of sweet corn in Dona Ana County. (N.M. Coop. Rpt.).

KANSAS - Heavy (all larval stages) feeding on kernels, shuck bases,
ear shanks, and some leaf sheaths in field of late-planted corn in
McPherson County. Larvae averaged 3 per ear in 92 percent of ears.
Ear infestation ranged 0-24 percent in three other fields. (Bell).

SORGHUM WEBWORM (Celama sorghiella) - ARKANSAS - Some late sorghum
treated in east-central area. Number one pest of sorghum in 1973.
(Boyer).

RICE WEEVIL (Sitophilus oryzae) - NORTH CAROLINA - Adults infested
corn in many Coastal Plain fields. Infestations in Northampton,
Wilson, Onslow, Cumberland, and Johnston Counties. Infestations
occurred for several years. (Hunt, Kimbrough).

A WEEVIL (Hyperodes humilis) - CALIFORNIA - Two adults collected
from field corn in a field at Marysville, Yuba County. Collected
by F. Carl, August 29. Determined by T. Seeno. Intensive survey
failed to reveal additional weevils or larvae. Only known location
in State at this time. (Cal. Coop. Rpt.).

- 683 -

BANKS GRASS MITE (Oligonychus pratensis) - NEW MEXICO - Increased
in southeast area. Up to one colony per leaf on sorghum south of
Artesia, Eddy County. (N.M. Coop. Rpt.). TEXAS - Light to moderate
in isolated grain sorghum and corn fields in El Paso, Hudspeth,
Culberson, Reeves, and Pecos Counties. (Neeb).

SMALL GRAINS

FALL ARMYWORM (Spodoptera frugiperda) - TEXAS - Heavy on wheat
and oats in Blanco and San Saba Counties. Treatments applied to
some areas. (McWhorter). OKLAHOMA - Up to 8 per square foot in
small grains in some areas of southwest counties. Heavy in
Okfuskee County. (Okla. Coop.’ Sur.). MISSOURI - Larvae light to
moderate, 1-8 per foot of row, on early seeded small grain in
southwest area. Expected to spread throughout the field. (Munson).

PALE WESTERN CUTWORM (Agrotis orthogonia) - KANSAS - According to
recent blacklight traps, moth flights substantial in Greeley
County. (Bell).

LESSER CORNSTALK BORER (Elasmopalpus lignosellus) - GEORGIA -
Larvae destroyed 45-acre field of rye in Spalding County. (Morrill).

SOUTHERN CHINCH BUG (Blissus insularis) - TEXAS - Damaging
populations attacked rice in Jackson County near Ganado. Extensive
damage to small area of rice 50 by 100 feet. (Wilson, Newton).

AN APHID (Rhopalosiphum padi) - SOUTH DAKOTA - Adults 2-6 per row
foot of winter wheat in Jones and Lyman Counties in all fields
surveyed. On winter wheat in Kingsbury and Tripp Counties.
(Jones).

TURF, PASTURES, RANGELAND

FALL ARMYWORM (Spodoptera frugiperda) - TEXAS - Damaged St.
Augustine lawns in Llano County. (McWhorter). OKLAHOMA —- Still
heavy in lawns in Tillman County. (Okla. Coop. Sur.). ARKANSAS -
New generation present in many pasture areas. This generation

in same localized area as previous generations. (Boyer).

MISSOURI - Larvae moderate to heavy, 1-25 per square foot, on
fescue, orchard grass, and brome pastures throughout south-central
and southwest areas. Damage mostly in new stands. (Munson).

A GRASS WEBWORM (Herpetogramma phaeopteralis) - FLORIDA - Heavy
on turf grasses, mainly Bermuda grass, in south area; population
85 percent H. phaeopteralis and 15 percent Crambus sp. Severely
damaged 50 percent of half-acre Argentine Bahia grass lawn at
Leesburg, Lake County, September 16. Damaged mixed lawn grass at
Orlo Vista, Orange County, September 17. (Fla. Coop. Sur.).

SOUTHERN CHINCH BUG (Blissus insularis) - CALIFORNIA - Nymphs and
adults in St. Augustine grass lawn at Bakersfield, Kern County.
This is a new county record. (Cal. Coop. Rpt.).

FORAGE LEGUMES

BEET ARMYWORM (Spodoptera exigua) -— ARKANSAS - Required treatment
on seedling alfalfa in St. Francis and Crittenden Counties. Some
stand damage occurred before effective controls found. Noneconomic
in established fields. (Boyer). ARIZONA - Heavy on alfalfa at
Parker Valley, Yuma County. Averaged 30 first and second instar
larvae per 100 sweeps in two west Phoenix, Maricopa County, fields.

(Ariz. Coop. Sur.)
- 684 -

FALL ARMYWORM (Spodoptera frugiperda) - ARKANSAS - New generation
present in alfalfa and hay crops in many areas. (Boyer).

MISSOURI - Larvae 3-16 per sweep of alfalfa in south-central and
southwest areas. Damaged new stands and alfalfa cut late in the
season. (Munson).

A WEEVIL (Sitona scissifrons) - MINNESOTA - Adults very active on
Goodhue County alfalfa. Counts of 1,000 per 100 sweeps not
uncommon. Central district averaged 425 per 100 sweeps. (Minn.
Pest Rpt.).

SOYBEANS

VELVETBEAN CATERPILLAR (Anticarsia gemmatalis) - ALABAMA - This
species, Plathypena scabra (green cloverworm), and Pseudoplusia
includens (Soybean looper) damaged soybeans in numerous fields

in Shelby, Montgomery, Conecuh, Marengo, and Covington Counties.
Defoliation light to moderate, ranged 5-40 percent. Shelby

County is most northern infestation of A. gemmatalis to date.
(Clark et al.). TENNESSEE - P. includens flight heavy in Hardeman
County. (Emerson, Patrick). ~

MEXICAN BEAN BEETLE (Epilachna varivestis) - VIRGINIA - Popula-
tions in many areas continue to drop but defoliation continues to
be common on nearly mature beans, Beetles 30.8 per 30 row feet in
Southampton, Isle of Wight, James City, Caroline, Accomack, and
Sussex Counties, and in the Independent Cities of Nansemond and
Chesapeake (322 acres). Heavy counts in one field responsible for
increase. One field needed treatment. Defoliation averaged 12.2
percent. In Virginia Beach, a 32-field project (865 acres)
averaged 0.97 beetles per 30 row feet. Defoliation averaged 14.3
percent. (Allen).

GREEN STINK BUG (Acrosternum hilare) - ARKANSAS - One White County
field treated. Treatments in soybeans lowest since 1960 due to
scarcity of H. zea (corn earworm). (Boyer). KENTUCKY - Averaged 2
per row foot in Hickman County and 3 per row foot in McCracken
County. Population mostly nymphs; more damage expected. Heavy in
Fayette County. (Barnett, Raney). VIRGINIA - Exceeded treatment
threshold in 10 fields (772 of 1,187 acres sampled, 19.1 percent)
south of James River. (Allen).

SOUTHERN GREEN STINK BUG (Nezara viridula) - ALABAMA - Adults and
nymphs of this species and Euschistus servus (brown stink bug) in
many fields in Montgomery, Covington, Marengo, and Baldwin
Counties. N. viridula predominant. Most fields treated. Averaged
2 per row foot on one Marengo County farm of several hundred
acres. Ranged 2-10 per 30 row feet in 25 of 34 fields surveyed on
two farms in Baldwin County; one field had 18 per 30 row feet.
Many of these fields previously treated. (Wood et al.).

PEANUTS
LESSER CORNSTALK BORER (Elasmopalpus lignosellus) - ALABAMA -
Larvae still serious peanut pest throughout several thousand acres

in Barbour County. Damage by this pest along with cutworm, weeds,
and dry weather has reduced yield for 1973. (Walton et al.).

- 685 -

COTTON

BOLL WEEVIL (Anthonomus grandis) - TEXAS - Infestations throughout
south-central area. Heavy populations of adults concentrated in
few remaining terminal squares of plants not yet harvested.
Diapausing weevils 60 percent of population in Frio and surround-
ing counties. Population ranged 0-10,400 per acre. Second diapause
control application planned in San Angelo area; diapause program
underway in Glasscock County. Moderate to heavy in isolated fields
in parts of Glasscock County. (Cole et al.).

BOLLWORMS (Heliothis spp.) - ARIZONA - H. zea (bollworm) larvae
becoming heavier on cotton at Yuma, Yuma County. (Ariz. Coop.
Sur.). NEW MEXICO - H. zea damaged up to 12 percent of bolls
examined in Lea County. (N.M. Coop. Rpt.). TEXAS - H. zea and

H. virescens (tobacco budworm) light to moderate in isolated
fields in Pecos Valley. Eggs 10-80 and small larvae 3-20 per 100
terminals in Pecos and Reeves Counties. About 40-60 percent of
larvae H. virescens. Chemical control poor in isolated fields,
especially where H. virescens heavy. Eggs ranged 10-60 and larvae
5-15 per 100 terminals in El Paso Valley. Egg 5-40 and larvae 2-8
per 100 terminals in Glasscock, Midland, Martin, Reagan, and
Upton Counties. H. zea decreased in south-central area while H.
virescens increaSed Slightly. Larvae nearly all H. virescens in
this area. (Neeb, Cole). OKLAHOMA - H. zea larvae ranged 0-14 per
100 terminals in Kiowa, Jackson, and Greer Counties. Eggs ranged
10-12 per 100 terminals; damage averaged 8 percent or less.
Larvae ranged 0-7 per 100 terminals in Bryan, Muskogee, and
Wagoner Counties. Eggs ranged O-5 per 100 terminals; damaged bolls
ranged 0-13 percent. Moderate in Pawnee County. (Okla. Coop.
Sur.).

SALTMARSH CATERPILLAR (Estigmene acrea) - OKLAHOMA - Defoliated
cotton in some areas in southwest and west-central counties. Very
common in all areas but only damaged cotton. (Okla. Coop. Sur.).

POTATOES, TOMATOES, PEPPERS

BEET ARMYWORM (Spodoptera exigua) - FLORIDA - Eggs and young
larvae very heavy on young tomato foliage in six fields (about
500 acres) in western Manatee County; larvae averaged 14 per
plant. Severe on tomatoes at Homestead, Dade County. (Fla. Coop.
Sur.).

GRASSHOPPERS - NEW MEXICO - Serious and extensive damage to truck
crop tomatoes in Bernalillo County. Fruits almost completely
consumed; foliar damage light. (N.M. Coop. Rpt.).

POTATO SCAB GNAT (Pnyxia scabiei) - WASHINGTON - Larvae found in
Russet Burbank potatoes, September 20, south of U.S. Highway 10
between Dodson Road and Adams Road, Adams County, a new location.
Reported from 130-acre field of potatoes near Moses Lake, Grant
County. (Landis, Foeppel).

BEANS AND PEAS
COWPEA CURCULIO (Chalcodermus aeneus) - ALABAMA - Damage heavy in

75 acres of Southern field peas in Escambia County; control
efforts difficult. (Bright).

- 686 -

DECIDUOUS FRUITS AND NUTS

SHOTHOLE BORER (Scolytus rugulosus) - NEW MEXICO - Heavy on dying
sweet cherry trees at Los Ranchos de Albuquerque, Bernalillo
County. (N.M. Coop. Rpt.). OKLAHOMA - Killing peach, pear, and plum
trees on farm in Cleveland County. (Okla. Coop. Sur.).

PEARSLUG (Caliroa cerasi) -— NEW MEXICO - Damage moderate to heavy
on pear and cherry trees at Los Ranchos de Albuquerque,
Bernalillo County. (N.M. Coop. Rpt.).

A PSYLLID (Psylla trimaculata) - CALIFORNIA - Adults heavy on
Prunus emarginata (bitter cherry) on U.S. Forest Service land at
Mt. Shasta, Siskiyou County. (Cal. Coop. Rpt.).

SPIREA APHID (Aphis spiraecola) - OKLAHOMA —- Moderate on crab
apple in orchard near Perkins, Payne County, in June 1973.
Determined by L.M. Russell. This is a new county record. (Okla.
Coop. Sur.).

FALL WEBWORM (Hyphantria cunea) —- ALABAMA - Heavy and damaging in
many Dale County pecan trees. (Estes). ARKANSAS - Treatments
applied to pecans in scattered areas. (Boyer). TEXAS - Heavy
activity in widely scattered areas; very heavy in Menard County.
Damage reported from Callahan and McCulloch Counties, activity
reported from Frio and Atascosa Counties. Light on trees in Pecos,
Reeves, Ector, Ward, Midland, and Glasscock Counties. (Stewart

et al.).

WALNUT CATERPILLAR (Datana integerrima) - KENTUCKY - Damaged
walnut and pecan trees in Logan County. (Barnett, Scheibner).
TEXAS - Still heavy, caused extensive damage to pecan trees in
Comal and Bexar Counties. (Stewart).

YELLOWNECKED CATERPILLAR (Datana ministra) - NEW MEXICO —- Moderate
to heavy defoliation of pecan groves near Artesia, Eddy County.
(N.M. Coop. Rpt.).

HICKORY SHUCKWORM (Laspeyresia caryana) - TEXAS - Light on pecans
in Maverick County, moderate in Medina and Uvalde Counties. Some
damage reported on pecans in Llano County. Light in Upton and
Foard Counties. Light to moderate at Fort Stockton, Pecos County.
(Stewart et al.). OKLAHOMA - Damage heavy on pecans in Payne
County. (Okla. Coop. Sur.).

PECAN WEEVIL (Curculio caryae) - OKLAHOMA - Heavy on pecans in
Oklahoma County, moderate in Payne, and Pittsburg Counties, and
light in Marshall County. (Okla. Coop. Sur.).

BLACK PECAN APHID (Tinocallis caryaefoliae) - TEXAS - Damaged
pecan foliage in Edward County. Some trees nearly defoliated.
(Stewart).

‘SMALL FRUITS

STRAWBERRY CROWN MOTH (Synanthedon bibionipennis) - OREGON -
Heavier than past years in scattered first and Second-year straw-
berry fields in 3 to 4-square-mile area of Washington County.
Infested 50 percent of plants in 5-acre field; 5-10 percent” in
Other fields. (Collins).

- 687 -

SALTMARSH CATERPILLAR (Estigmene acrea) - CALIFORNIA - Late larvae
feeding on grapevines in vineyard at Visalia, Tulare County. (Cal.
Coop. Rpt.).

GRAPE MEALYBUG (Pseudococcus maritimus) - CALIFORNIA - Eggs and
adults 100 per leaf in grape vineyards at aa ge Tulare County.
(Cal,, Coop, Roe...

ORNAMENTALS

WHITEMARKED TUSSOCK MOTH (Hemerocampa leucostigma) - OHIO - Larvae
severely defoliated group of Potentilla fruticosa (bush cinquefoil)
shrubs in Pickaway County. Defoliation complete on several small
sweet gum trees in Wayne County. Larvae had been heavily
parasitized by 3 wasps in both areas. (Purrington, Nielsen).

POPLAR TENTMAKER (Ichthyura inclusa) - WEST VIRGINIA - Larvae
caused 25-percent defoliation to several willow trees in Calhoun
County, September 25. Collected by J.M. Atkins. Determined by J.D.
Hacker. This is a new county record. (Hacker).

SUGARCANE BORER (Diatraea saccharalis) - FLORIDA — Larvae severely
infested stems of 900 Cortaderia seIlloana (pampas grass) plants at
Windermere, Orange County, nursery. (Fla. Coop. Sur.).

A STINK BUG (Euthyrhynchus floridanus) - VIRGINIA —- A nymph
collected on holly in Greensville County on September 14. This is
a new county record. (Allen).

FOREST AND SHADE TREES

REDHEADED PINE SAWFLY (Neodiprion lecontei) - WEST VIRGINIA -
Larvae caused 10-percent. defoliation to 20 Virginia pines in
Calhoun County, September 25. Collected by J.M. Atkins and J.D.
Hacker. Determined by J.M. Atkins. This is a new county record.
(Hacker).

MIMOSA WEBWORM (Homadaula anisocentra) -— OKLAHOMA —- Moderate to
heavy on mimosa and thornless honeylocust at Cordell, Washita
County. This is a new county record. (Okla. Coop. Sur.).

OAK WEBWORM (Archips fervidanus) - WEST VIRGINIA - Larvae moderately
damaged: two black gum and two black oak trees (15-20 nests per

tree) in Calhoun County, September 25. Collected by J.M. Atkins

and J.D. Hacker. Determined by J.D. Hacker. This is a new county
record. (Hacker).

ORANGESTRIPED OAKWORM (Anisota senatoria) - SOUTH CAROLINA -
Larvae still heavy on oaks and other hardwoods in most of State,
week ending September 21. (Jones, Pollet).

ELM LEAF BEETLE (Pyrrhalta luteola) - KANSAS - Very small partial
third generation underway on Siberian elms in Riley County. Larvae
range from first to third instars. (Bell). NEW MEXICO - Feeding on
new leaves of Siberian elms in Albuquerque, Bernalillo County.
Trees devoid of other leaves due to this pest. (N.M. Coop. Rpt.).

LARGER ELM LEAF BEETLE (Monocesta coryli) - WEST VIRGINIA - Larvae
caused 70 to 80-percent defoliation on 10 slippery elms in

Calhoun County, September 25. Collected by J.M. Atkins and J.D.
Hacker. Determined by J.D. Hacker. This is a new county record.
(Hacker).

- 688 -

WALKINGSTICK (Diapheromera femorata) - WEST VIRGINIA —- Defoliated
50 percent of several redbud, black oak, and black locust trees in
Calhoun County by September 25. Collected by J.M. Atkins and J.D.
Hacker. Determined by J.D. Hacker. This is a new county record.
(Hacker).

MAN AND ANIMALS

SCREWWORM (Cochliomyia hominivorax) - Total of 687 confirmed cases
reported from continental U.S. during September 16-22 as follows:
Texas 440, New Mexico 61, Arizona 159, California 27. Total of

936 cases confirmed from Mexico. Number of sterile flies

released this period totaled 162,981,400 as follows: Texas
126,331,600; New Mexico 10,206,000; Arizona 25,129,800; California
1,314,000. Total of 29,129,600 sterile filies released in Mexico.
(Anim. Health).

HORN FLY (Haematobia irritans) - FLORIDA - Adults averaged 250
per beef animal on farm near Gainesville, Alachua County. (Fla.
Coop. Sur.). TEXAS - Heavy in San Angelo and Trans-—Pecos areas.
Ranged 500-4,000 per animal in most areas where no treatment
applied. (McWhorter, Neeb). OKLAHOMA - Ranged 350-400 per head of
cattle in Payne County. Heavy in Okfuskee and Comanche Counties,
moderate to heavy in McCurtain County, moderate in Tulsa County,
and light in Kingfisher County. (Okla. Coop. Sur.).

MOSQUITOES - OHIO - Total of 587 mosquitoes recovered in one
evening from 11 traps at Sidney, Shelby County. Trap catches
ranged 5-150. Aedes vexans, A. trivitattus, and A. punctipennis
predominant. (Ohio Dept. Health). MINNESOTA - Light trap
collections made by Metropolitan Mosquito Control District for
week ending September 21 were mainly Aedes vexans and Culiseta
inornata. Only 473 females taken in 16 traps. (Minn. Pest Rpt.).
TEXAS -— Moderate to heavy on livestock in Culk2rson, Jeff Davis,
Reeves, Brewster, and Hudspeth Counties. (Neeb).

HORSE FLIES (Tabanus spp.) - OKLAHOMA - Heavy on cattle in river
bottom areas in McCurtain County. Ranged 7-8 per head in Haskell
County. T. atratus (black horse fly) ranged 15-20 per head in
river bottoms in Pittsburg County. (Okla. Coop. Sur.).

LONE STAR TICK (Amblyomma americanum) - OKLAHOMA —- Still heavy on
cattle in Haskell and Sequoyah Counties. (Okla. Coop. Sur.).

A COMBFOOTED SPIDER (Latrodectus hesperus) - NEVADA - Migrated into
homes and other structures at Las Vegas, Clark County. (Zoller
et al.). ;

BENEFICIAL INSECTS

A BLACK BLISTER BEETLE (Meloe niger) - WASHINGTON - First adults
found August 7 in Nomia melanderi (alkali bee) beds in Lowden and
Touchet area, Walla Walla County. Development 50-percent pupae and
50-percent adults, September 20. Adults apparently overwinter in
ground. (Mayer).

A BRACONID (Apanteles epinotiae) - OKLAHOMA - Reared from
Laspeyresia caryana (hickory shuckworm) in phylloxera galls on
pecan in Payne County during June. Determined by P.M. Marsh,
(Okla. Coop. Sur.).

- 689 -

FEDERAL AND STATE PLANT PROTECTION PROGRAMS

GRASSHOPPERS - WISCONSIN - Melanoplus femurrubrum still problem in
unharvested Dane County tobacco fields. Mating and oviposition by
this species, M. differentialis, and M. bivittatus noted. (Wis.
Ins. Sur.). IOWA - Annual Melanoplus Spp. survey in western area
revealed no economic populations in 197 stops in 37 counties.

M. femurrubrum and M. differentialis predominant. Populations
continue to decline from 1971-1972 observations. (Iowa Ins. Sur.).
NORTH DAKOTA — Adult cropland survey completed in 27 counties.
Infestations increased in southwest, south-central, central, and
southeast districts; areas dry most of season. Infestations
decreased in northwest, north-central, northeast and east-central
districts. Only economic in alfalfa fields and field margins.
Hatch began May 1, early for this area; adults noted by July l.
Conditions: in most areas favored maximum egg production. Infesta-
tions expected to increase in southern portions again next season.
(Brandvik). UTAH - Melanoplus sanguinipes stripped 2,500 acres of
planted grasses in basin west of Tooele, Tooele County. Adult
survey completed. Unspecified species ranged 8 or more per square
yard in 13 counties in southwest, west-central, northwest, and
northeast areas. Acreage involves 18,150 acres of private range
and 17,600 acres of public range. (Stephens).

JAPANESE BEETLE (Popillia japonica) - RHODE ISLAND - Grub-damaged
turf statewide by September 14-20. (Relli). OHIO - Grubs heavy

in Orrville, Wayne County. Large portion of lawn dead due to
feeding. (Lindquist).

MORMON CRICKET (Anabrus simplex) - UTAH - Light in 600 of 2,500
acres of planted grasses in basin west of Tooele, Tooele County.
Adults light on 1,000 acres at Vernon. (Stephens).

PINK BOLLWORM (Pectinophora gossypiella) - TEXAS - Light across
Trans-Pecos area. Infestation averaged less than 10 percent in
most fields. (Neeb). NEW MEXICO - Infested one in 25 bolls in two
cotton fields north and east of Hobbs, Lea County. (N.M. Coop.
Rpt.). ARIZONA - Some top crop cotton treated at Yuma, Yuma
County. One additional treatment expected on long staple cotton
and later planted short staple cotton in Avra Valley. Defoliated
short staple cotton in Pima County. Infestation at 4 percent at
Bowie and San Simon, Cochise County. (Ariz. Coop. Sur.).

RED IMPORTED FIRE ANT (Solenopsis invicta) - TEXAS - Adults taken
from nursery at Stephensville, Erath County, by Davenport and
Luckey, September 4. Determined by D.R. Smith. One mound found.
This is a new county record. (Rosier, Hoelscher).

- 690 -

HAWAII INSECT REPORT

General Vegetables - TOMATO PINWORM (Keiferia lycopersicella)
heavy on 25 percent of fruits in 1,500 square feet of tomatoes at
Hilo, Hawaii. Light on 75 percent of leaflets. DIAMONDBACK MOTH
(Plutella xylostella) at Volcano, Hawaii, in 3 acres of crucifers:
All stages heavy in abandoned fields, moderate to light in fields
being harvested, and light to trace in young planting. Parasites
nil. (Matayoshi). ONION THRIPS (Thrips tabaci) light in 200 square
feet of green onions at Waikapu, Maui; 2-7 nymphs and/or adults
per leaf. BEANFLY (Melanagromyza phaseoli) oviposition scars heavy
on 75 percent of foliage in small planting of yardlongbeans at
Waikapu, Maui; only one percent of petioles infested. (Miyahira).

Passionfruit - BARNACLE SCALE (Ceroplastes cirripediformis) at
very low level in 200 plus acres at Kahului, Maui. Adults of
Coccidoxenus mexicanus (an encyrtid wasp) noted throughout most
of the planting. Nymphs and adults of GREENHOUSE THRIPS
(Heliothrips haemorrhoidalis) heavy in spots. CARMINE SPIDER MITE
(Tetranychus Cinnabarinus) heavy in 15 acres. LEAFMINER FLIES
(Liriomyza spp.) generally light; 20 percent of foliage with 2-15
mines per leaf. (Miyahira).

General Pests - Delimiting surveys for BANANA SKIPPER (Erionota
thrax) indicate that this new immigrant pest may have remained
undetected for several generations. Immature stages and foliar
damage chiefly on banana, but also on Canna sp., Strelitzia sp.
and Heliconia sp. (all ornamentals), at various distances from
original point of discovery (as far as 9 miles away at Wahiawa).
No infestations observed or reported in commercial banana growing
areas of Kaneohe, Waimanalo, and Kahaluu in windward Oahu.
Entomology Branch will now direct efforts to introduction of
parasites from foreign areas. (Kawamura).

Forest and Shade Trees - Several new infestations by an ADELGID
(Pineus pini) on large Pinus spp. (especially P. pinaster) were
discovered at Makawao, Olinda, and Kula on Maui during late

August. Despite extensive surveys and intensive chemical treatments
of hosts, eradication from Maui now appears improbable. (Miyahira).

Miscellaneous Pests - No specimens of GIANT AFRICAN SNAIL
(Achatina fulica) observed during August at Wahiawa and Poipu,
Kauai; conditions very dry. On Hawaii during this period, the
first of three planned aerial drops of snail bait at Kahaluu,
Kona, covered 65-70 acres. (Sugawa, Yoshioka).

DETECTION

New County Records - EUROPEAN CORN BORER (Ostrinia nubilalis)
TENNESSEE — McNairy (p. 683). LARGER ELM LEAF BEETLE (Monocesta
coryli) WEST VIRGINIA - Calhoun (p. 688). POPLAR TENTMAKER
(Ichthyura inclusa) WEST VIRGINIA - Calhoun (p. 688). OAK WEBWORM
(Archips fervidanus) WEST VIRGINIA - Calhoun (p. 688). MIMOSA
WEBWORM (Homadaula anisocentra) OKLAHOMA - Washita (p.. 688).
REDHEADED PINE SAWFLY (Neodiprion lecontei) WEST VIRGINIA -
Calhoun (p. 688). RED IMPORTED FIRE ANT (Solenopsis invicta)
TEXAS - Erath (p. 690). SOUTHERN CHINCH BUG (Blissus insularis)
CALIFORNIA - Kern (p. 684). SPIREA APHID (Aphis spiraecola)
OKLAHOMA - Payne (p. 687). A STINK BUG (Euthyrhynchus floridanus)
VIRGINIA - Greensville (p. 689). WALKINGSTICK (Diapheromera
femorata) WEST VIRGINIA - Calhoun (p. 689). (a

- 691 -

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INSECTS NOT KNOWN TO OCCUR IN THE UNITED STATES
SOUTH AFRICAN GRAIN BUG (Macchiademus diplopterus (Distant) )

Economic Importance: This lygaeid is one of the more impor tant
pests of small grains in South Africa. The adults and nymphs suck
the sap from the young plants and later attack the developing
grains. Although primarily a grain pest, the species is alsoa
fruit feeder, at least in the adult stage. It has been recorded
from "prune trees" and taken on the flower end of a pear.
Specimens from South Africa have been intercepted at New York
City, Philadelphia, and Washington, D.C., quarantine stations on
a number of occasions since 1937 on wheat, peaches, apricots,
apples, pears,and grass seed. On fruit, the insects apparently
enter at the stem scar and are often found near the seed. It has
been shown by Myburgh and Kriegler that this pest is extremely
cold hardy. From the results of exposure to the constant low
temperatures normal during transport, it was estimated that
complete mortality would require the continuation of cold storage
at 31 and 34 degrees F. for six and ten weeks, respectively. These
are periods well beyond the reasonable storage life of peaches
and apricots. It therefore seems likely that this pest could
become established in countries much colder than South Africa.

Hosts: Wheat, oats, barley, grass seed, apples, apricots, peaches,
plums, and pears,

Distribution: Known only from the Republic of South Africa, aside
from interceptions. ;

Life History and Habits: Eggs are laid from the end of August,
earlier in warmer areas, inside the leaf sheath of wheat, in masses
of 14-25, the females laying 50-150 each. The nymphs hatch. in a
month and become adults in six weeks; both stages occur together
in large numbers. Adults fly in tremendous numbers at temperatures
above 70 degrees F. and migrate when the wheat ripens; some
aestivate in the stems or under the bark of fruit trees or under
plants or in thatch. The adult bugs leave these summer shelters
and congregate on wheat as soon as it emerges from the soil.
Observations have shown that this bug develops on several wild
grasses found in orchards, as well as on cultivated cereals. There
is but one generation per year.

Description: ADULT - Length 3.6-4.2 mm. Head, pronotum, scutellum
black, shining, evenly and distinctly punctured except on the
large calli; abdomen dark chestnut brown to black. Hemelytra white
except apex of corium, corial, and claval margins and veins
chestnut brown to black. Antennae and femora black, the latter
contrasting sharply with the yellowish tibiae. The more important
recognition characters are deep median mesosternal furrow, fore
femora each with one ventral spine, labium extending posteriorly
only onto extreme anterior portion of mesosternum, second segment
exceeds base of head for one-third its length; apical corial
margins straight, lateral margins slightly sinuate; body rather
flat, nearly linear, pronotum conspicuously tapering anteriorly,
posterior margin nearly straight mesally with posteriorly

produced lateral lobes.

Hemiptera: Lygaeidae No. 196 of Series

= 693 =

Adult of Macchiademus diplopterus (Distant)

References: 1. Anonymous. 1955. Coop. Econ. Ins. Rpt., USDA,
Agr. Res. Serv. 5:876. 2. Giliomee, J.H. 1959. Grain stink-bug
can be controlled effectively. Farming in §S. Afr. 35(3):47-48.
(RAE 49:153). 3. Slater, J.A. 1964. Hemiptera (Heteroptera)
Lygaeidae. S. Afr. Animal Life 10:103. 4. Slater, J.A. and D.E.
Wilcox, 1973. The Chinch Bugs or Blissinae of South Africa. Memoir
12. Ent. Soc. Southern Africa. pp. 102-106. 5. Myburgh, A.C.
and P.J. Kriegler. 1967. The grain stink-bug, Blissus diplopterus
Dist., as a pest of export fruit, with special reference to its
cold-hardiness. J. Ent. Soc. Afr. 29:90-95. (RAE 57:699).
Illustration from Slater and Wilcox page 103.

Prepared by Pest Survey and U.S. Dept. Agr.
Technical Support Staff in Coop. Econ, Ins. Rpt.
cooperation with other agencies 23 (40) :693-694 ,1973

- 694 -

WEATHER OF THE WEEK. ENDING OCTOBER 1

HIGHLIGHTS: A slow moving cold front dumped monsoon-like rains on
the Nation's midsection last week as it inched its way across the
central Plains. Behind the storm front, the weather was not only
wet but wild--20 tornadoes touched down in Kansas in a single
afternoon. Temperatures in the area affected by the storm system
were as much as 9 degrees cooler than normal. Ahead of this
weather front, however, the weather was mild with temperatures
reaching 80 degrees as far north as Minnesota and Michigan at
times during the week.

PRECIPITATION: Monday, a cold front creeping across the central
Plains strirred up a rash of thunderstorms and tornadoes as it
clashed violently with a flow of tropical air moving up from
Texas. Kansas got a taste of things to come as thunderstorms
dumped upwards of an inch of rain in a single hour on the already
saturated ground. Emporia and Topeka, Kansas, each received 1.50
inches of rain during the afternoon. Meanwhile, tornadoes touched
down at Altoona, Atlanta, Fredonia, and Kiowa, Kansas, and near
Lindsay, Tonkawa, and Vinita in north-central and northeast
Oklahoma. The rest of the week saw more of the same as the cold
front inched across the midwest. During the afternoon and early
evening Tuesday, 20 tornadoes touched down in Kansas. Two in
Nebraska, and one in Oklahoma. The 6 inches of rain which fell
on Topeka, Kansas, since Sunday morning pushed that city's pre-
cipitation total since the start of year to 46 inches -- the
wettest year on record to date. A separate storm front in the
Atlantic started causing trouble in the East on Wednesday, too.

A storm whipped up 25-35 m.p.h. winds as it moved its way north
and dumped more than 3 inches of rain on Orlando, Florida within
a 6-hour period. Cocoa Beach, Florida got close to 2 inches.
Thursday morning, a major storm system in the Nation's interior
had shown little movement -- and continued to dump one to two
inches of rain on parts of southeastern Kansas that had already
received as much as 9 inches of rain in the preceding 2 days.
Texas and Oklahoma came in for a share of bad weather, over 6
inches of rain drenched San Antonio, Texas, in a 24-hour period
while Austin received nearly 3 inches in the same time. Friday,

a slow moving front continued to dump rain over large areas of the
United States. Lafayette, Louisiana, received nearly 1 inch of
rain during the afternoon while Tobia, Nebraska, reported 2 inches
of rain in a single hour. The sun peeked out briefly over the
midwest on Saturday -- only to disappear again as Sunday saw more
rain dumped from another storm front drifting east into Kansas.
Late Sunday afternoon more than 3 inches of rain fell in about 2
hours at Shawnee in extreme northeastern Kansas. Meanwhile, at
the Town of Eden in central Texas, pea-sized hail fell with such
intensity that it stripped leaves from trees. Hail accumulated to
a depth of 1 inch on the ground and was accompanied by more than
1.25 inches of rain in 15 minutes. Homewood, Alabama, just south
of Birmingham, received over 3 inches of rain since early
morning.

TEMPERATURES: Temperatures were generally warmer than average
over the Nation's eastern third last week, but cooler than normal
over much of Plains and mountain States. Monday morning, the only
freezing temperatures reported during the night occurred in the
Great Basin. Lows in the 40's and 50'S were common in the West

- 695 -

and North while 69 degrees and 70 degrees occurred southeast of

a line through the southwestern Plains, the middle Mississippi
Valley, the Ohio Valley, and the middle Atlantic coast. Tuesday,
cold air covered the North Atlantic Coastal States. The lowest
temperature during the night was 27 degrees at Houlton, Maine.
Freezing temperatures also occurred in the northern and central
Rockies. It continued quite warm through the southern and central
sections of the country. Temperatures reached 90 degrees from
Florida through the Gulf States into the Desert Southwest.
Maximums in the 80's were recorded as far north as Minnesota and
Michigan. Wednesday through Saturday saw weather continuing
unseasonably warm outside the cold front causing much precipitation
in the Nation's midsection. Temperature readings of 88 at Toledo,
Ohio, and 86 at Fort Wayne, Indiana, equalled the record maximums
for Wednesday's date. West, dry off-shore winds known as the
Santa Ana winds, sent temperatures soaring into the 90's along
California's southern coast. Sunday saw the return of more
autumn-like weather as temperatures dropped 10 degrees to 15
degrees from the preceding night over the Great Lakes, North
Appalachians, and the northern Ohio Valley.

- 696 -

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U.S. DEPARTMENT OF AGRICULTURE
HYATTSVILLE, MARYLAND 20782
POSTAGE AND FEES PAID
OFFICIAL BUSINESS U.S. DEPARTMENT OF
PENALTY FOR PRIVATE USE, $300 AGRICULTURE

AGR 101