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YELLOW CLOVER APHID requiring control measures in southern Nevada and in some fields in Arizona. Injurious infestations in areas of Utah and Nebraska. (p. 940). ALFALFA WEEVIL reported from New York for first time. (p. 940). YELLOW-STRIPED ARMYWORMS damaging alfalfa in Nevada. Infesta- tions also reported from Arizona, Texas and Maryland. (p. 942). VELVETBEAN CATERPILLAR general on soybeans and peanuts in south- ern Alabama, with severe damage to soybeans in Conecuh County. South Carolina also has damaging infestations on soybeans. (p. 942). PLANT BUGS continue abundant in alfalfa in some areas of South Dakota, Utah and Nebraska, (p. 941). STINK BUGS numerous on alfalfa in western and southwestern Nebraska. (p. 941) and THREE-CORNERED ALFALFA HOPPER more numerous than usual on alfalfa in Pima County, Ariz. (p. 941). WALNUT CATERPILLAR general in pecans in southern Alabama and causing defoliation on this crop at Gainesville, Florida. (p. 943). FALL WEBWORM infestation general on pecans in Louisiana, many orchards defoliated. {p. 943). WALNUT HUSK FLY survey results in California. {p. 943). BANDED CUCUMBER BEETLE very abundant at Charleston, South Carolina. Infestations also at Baton Rouge, Louisiana. (p. 944). PICKLEWORM continues to damage cucurbits in South Carolina and Virginia. (p. 944). CABBAGE LOOPER damaging lettuce in Clark County, Nevada and Maricopa County, Arizona. Damaging infestations on crucifers in Louisiana, South Carolina and Virginia. (p. 945). COTTON LEAF PERFORATOR continues to infest cotton in Imperial Valley, California. (p. 946). (Contimied on next page). -938- BOLLWORMS lighter than usual on cotton in Nye and Clark Counties, Nevada. (p. 946), BOLL WEEVIL heavy widespread on succulent untreated cotton in cen- tral Texas. (p. 946). HORN FLY light to medium on cattle in southern Louisiana. Untreated cattle in northwestern Oklahoma have 1000-2000 flies per animal. (p. 948). STATES reporting this week - 24, WEATHER Summary and Outlook. (p. 951) AR 62K 2B KK OK KOK 2K 2 Reports in this issue are for the week ending September 30, 1955, unless otherwise designated. -939- GRASSHOPPERS - WYOMING - Survey of adults shows infestation of 375, 800 acres of range and cropland in 14 counties. (Spackman, ARS). UTAH - Still causing some local damage in scattered alfalfa fields. (Knowlton). Survey of adults showed threatening infestations in parts of Cache, Sanpete, Juab, Beaver, Iron, Millard, Sevier, Wasatch, Uintah, Duchesne, Salt Lake and Morgan Counties. (Thornley, Knowlton). Unusually severe in several areas of Sanpete County this season. About 14, 475 acres sprayed. (Funk, Knowlton). NEBRASKA - Melanoplus femur-rubrum and M, bivittatus very abundant in alfalfa fields and margins of corn fields in northeastern area. Apparently a new generation of M, mexicanus appearing in southwestern area. (Roselle, Andersen). EUROPEAN CORN BORER (Pyrausta nubilalis) - SOUTH DAKOTA - Infestations in west and southwestern areas light, from 0-72 borers on 100 stalks and spotted in distribution. (Hantsbarger). NEBRASKA - Areas surveyed were in Platte River Valley as far east as Keith County. Populations light. Counts ranged from 12-20 per 25 plants. Average about 3.3 borers per plant in Cuming County. As high as 22 per plant. (Roselle, Andersen), VIRGINIA - Average number of larvae per 100 stalks by counties: Tazewell 155, Buchanan 24, Dickenson 15, and Patrick 25, (Morris). CORN EARWORM (Heliothis armigera) - NEVADA - Infestations in field corn throughout Clark and southern Nye Counties range from 40 to 100 percent. Individual fields severely damaged and some practically destroyed. (Gallaway, September 24). A CORNSTALK BORER (Diatraea sp.) - NEVADA - Field corn in Moapa Valley severely damaged. Individual fields containing spots 50 feet in diameter with 100 percent damaged stalks. (Gallaway). FALL ARMYWORM (Laphygqma frugiperda) - LOUISIANA - Infesting about 300 acres of oats in West Feliciana Parish, Requiring control. (Oliver). TEXAS - Medium to heavy, general infestations reported from Dimmit, Zavala, Brazos, Goliad, Caldwell, Madison, Tarrant and Brazoria Counties. Many more counties probably infested. (Davis, Randolph, Fuller, Garrett, Lindsey). ALABAMA =~ Increasing in numbers in southern area, (Arant). GREEN JUNE BEETLE (Cotinis nitida) - VIRGINIA - Larvae numerous in two pastures near Homeville, Sussex County. (Wright). WHITE GRUBS - UTAH - Damaging lawns at Tooele and Grantsville. (Biggs, Knowlton). ~940- CORN LEAF APHID (Rhopalosiphum maidis) - NEBRASKA - Very abundant in corn fields in northeastern area. (Andersen). BROWN WHEAT MITE (Petrobia latens) - OKLAHOMA - First hatch of diapause eggs from soil samples from Hennessey-Kingfisher area September 12. Numerous young mites on germinated volunteer wheat by September 23. .(Henderson). YELLOW CLOVER APHID (Myzocallis trifolii) - NEVADA - Infes- tations on alfalfa in Clark and southern Nye Counties dropped to low point in August and began increasing September 10, reached economic proportions requiring control by September 24. Populations of lady beetles, damsel bugs and lacewings have increased in most areas. (Gallaway, September 24), ARIZONA - Appearing in alfalfa in Pima County and building up at Marana and south of Tucson. Some acre- age has been treated. (Ariz. Coop. Rept.). UTAH - Threatening to injurious populations in many alfalfa fields in Tooele and Salt Lake Counties. (Knowlton). SOUTH DAKOTA - Negative results from sur- vey of alfalfa in these counties: Charles Mix, Gregory, Tripp, Todd, Mellette, Bennet, Shannon, Fall River, Custer, Pennington and Jackson. (Hantsbarger). NEBRASKA - Infestation persists in legumes in Republican River Valley. Populations have increased from Bridge- port in Morrill County eastward to Buffalo County. In sufficient numbers to cause losses. Damaging new plantings and also many newly-cut fields. Growth being retarded and much yellowing of leaves. Newly- infested areas are Hamilton and York Counties, (Hill). OKLAHOMA - Per 100 sweeps in Stillwater area September 21, counts were 473 compared with 215 September 7. (Fenton). PEA APHID (Macrosiphum pisi) - NEBRASKA - Counts from 5-15 per 45 sweeps in alfalfa in northeastern area. (Andersen). ALFALFA CATERPILLAR (Colias philodice eurytheme) - VIRGINIA - Medium infestation in some alfalfa fields in southern Goochland County. (Truett). ALFALFA WEEVIL (Hypera postica) - NEW YORK - Larvae found at Westtown, Orange County, June 27. (Det. W. H. Anderson). (Gyrisco, Sept. 26). According to available records this is the first report of this insect in New York. NEVADA - Adults average one per sweep in alfalfa in Panaca area of Lincoln County. (Gallaway). CLOVER SEED CHALCID (Bruchophaqus gibbus) - OKLAHOMA - Counts in Stillwater area were 482 September 21 compared with 14 September 7. (Fenton). COWPEA CURCULIO (Chalcodermus aeneus) - SOUTH CAROLINA - Causing considerable injury to cowpeas in Charleston vicinity. (Reid, Sept. 21), -941- CLOVER ROOT BORER (Hylastinus obscurus) - PENNSYLVANIA - Several second-year clover fields showed 96 percent infestation in Huntingdon County. Damage light to complete destruction. Infestation about 94 percent in Indiana County, (Udine). SOUTHERN CORN ROOTWORM (Diabrotica undecimpunctata howardi) - SOUTH DAKOTA - Adults common in alfalfa from Brookings to Pennington Counties. Counts up to 13 per 25 sweeps. (Hantsbarger). A LEAFHOPPER (Scaphytopius sp.) - UTAH - Has replaced Colladonus feminatus, which is almost rare this year, in alfalfa and clover. (aogier: Kaloostian). A LEAF ROLLER (Platynota stultana) - ARIZONA - Has defoliated many alfalfa fields in the Buckeye area of Maricopa County and some fields at Theba. (Ariz. Coop. Rept.). MEXICAN BEAN BEETLE (Epilachna varivestis) - SOUTH CAROLINA - Abundant on cowpea cover crops in Dorchester County. (Reid, Sept. 21). PLANT BUGS - SOUTH DAKOTA - Lygus lineolaris quite abundant on alfalfa in some western and southwestern areas. In one area, 32 per 25 sweeps. (Hantsbarger). UTAH - Lygus lineolaris still unusually numerous in alfalfa fields in Tooele County. (Knowlton). NEBRASKA - Adelphocoris lineolatus, A. rapidus and L. lineolaris ee in es in Dawson, Lincoln, Keith, and Deuel Counties. (Roselle). MITES - ARIZONA - Spider mites causing yellowing of foliage of soybeans in one 40-acre field in Maricopa County. Other fields reported infested. (Ariz. Coop. Rept.). UTAH - Infestations moder- ately severe on corn in Gunnison Valley of Sanpete County. (Funk). STINK BUGS - SOUTH DAKOTA - Quite numerous on alfalfa in western and southwestern counties with counts up to 20 nymphs and adults per 25 sweeps. (Hantsbarger). UTAH - Have been unusually low in small grains and alfalfa seed crops of State this Season. (Knowlton). SWEETCLOVER WEEVIL (Sitona cylindricollis) - NEBRASKA - Counts in alfalfa fields in the northeastern area range from 3-7 per 25 sweeps. (Andersen). THREE-CORNERED ALFALFA HOPPER (Spissistilus festinus) - ARIZONA - More numerous than usual on alfalfa in Pima County and the commonest insect in all fields checked in Pima, Pinal, and Maricopa Counties. (Ariz. Coop. Rept.). -942,- THRIPS - NEBRASKA - Numerous in alfalfa in northeastern area and in the Platte River Valley. (Roselle, Andersen). A TREEHOPPER (Tortistilus inermis) - NEVADA - Average 5-12 per sweep in most alfalfa fields in Clark, Lincoln, and northern Nye Coun- ties. (Gallaway). YELLOW-STRIPED ARMYWORM (Prodenia ornithogalli) - ARIZONA Infesting alfalfa at 15 per sweep at Mesa, Maricopa County. (Ariz. Coop. Rept.), TEXAS - Medium widespread infestations on weeds and other plants in Dimmit County. (Richardson). MARYLAND - In com- plex with cutworms and a webworm, is retarding new alfalfa seeding in Baltimore County. (U. Md., Ent. Dept.). WESTERN YELLOW-STRIPED ARMYWORM (Prodenia praefica) - NEVADA - Most alfalfa fields contain infestations of 1-60 per sweep. Fields with 20 or more per sweep show severe damage. (Gallaway, Sept. 24). Local infestation in Fallon area of Churchill County. (Gallaway) VELVETBEAN CATERPILLAR (Anticarsia gemmatilis) - SOUTH CAROLINA - Sufficiently abundant tO require control in soybeans in Charleston County, September 21. (Reid, Cuthbert). Heavily infesting soybeans in Aiken area. (Johnson). ALABAMA - Has caused severe damage to alfalfa in Conecuh County. General on soybeans and peanuts in southern area, (Arant). & WEBWORMS (Loxostege sp.) - TEXAS - Medium to heavy general infestation in alfalfa in north central area. (Chada). FRUIT INSECTS ORIENTAL FRUIT MOTH (Grapholitha molesta) - CALIFORNIA - Reported from San Benito County, about 50 miles south of San Francisco on the coast. Second record for area, the first in 1945. Apparently adapting to California conditions. (Cal. Coop. Rept. ). LESSER APPLEWORM (Grapholitha prunivora) - PENNSYLVANIA - Light infestation in apple trees after final cover sprays. (Adams). CLOVER MITE (Bryobia praetiosa) ~ IDAHO - Heavy egg deposition on apple trees at Challis on treated trees. Severe injury to leaves submitted as sample. (Manis). PEAR-~SLUG (Caliroa cerasi) - IDAHO - Larvae still feeding on pear leaves not covered with spray deposit. (Manis). RED-BANDED LEAF ROLLER (Argyrotaenia velutinana) - PENNSYL- VANIA - Survey shows an increase in apple orchards in southwestern area. (Udine). ~943- CITRUS RUST MITE (Phyllocoptruta oleivora) - LOUISIANA - In complex with Lepidosaphes beckii and Coccus hesperidum, heavily infesting untreated orange trees and fruit in Plaquemine Parish, Marked decrease in marketable fruit. (Oliver). BOXELDER BUG (Leptocoris trivittatus) - SOUTH DAKOTA - Heavily concentrated and feeding on apples in Union County. (Hantsbarger). SAN JOSE SCALE (Aspidiotus perniciosus) - PENNSYLVANIA - Survey shows an increase on apples in southwestern area this year. (Udine). SHOT-HOLE BORERS - UTAH - Killing some cherry trees in Tooele County. (Biggs). WOOLLY APPLE APHID (Eriosoma lanigerum) - IDAHO - Heavy infestations on new-growth apple twigs in Moscow area. (Manis). ORANGE-DOG (Papilio cresphontes) - TEXAS - Heavy local infesta- tion attacking citrus east of Carrizo Springs. (Richardson). PECAN WEEVIL (Curculio caryae) - OKLAHOMA - Jarring showed from 30 to 40 per tree in Payne County. (Howell). WALNUT HUSK FLY (Rhagoletis completa) - CALIFORNIA - Completed seasonal survey shows infestation throughout Sonoma Valley in Sonoma County. Adult taken in trap in Frazier Park in Kern County, for first record in south end of San Joaquin Valley. Final fly emergence September 15. (Cal. Coop. Rept. ). LEAF-FOOTED BUG (Leptoglossus phyllopus) - FLORIDA - Infesting ripening clusters of pecans at Gainesville, Alachua County. (Det. L. A, Hetrick). (Denmark). WALNUT CATERPILLAR (Datana integerrima) - FLORIDA - Causing partial defoliation of pecans at Gainesville, Alachua County. (Det. L. A, Hetrick). (Denmark). ALABAMA - General in pecans in southern area, (Arant). FALL WEBWORM (Hyphantria cunea) - LOUISIANA - Infestation general and state-wide on pecan trees, with many orchards completely defoliated, (Oliver). TRUCK CROP INSECTS MEXICAN BEAN BEETLE (Epilachna varivestis) - VIRGINIA - Infestations from very light to moderate on snap beans and lima beans in eastern area, (Brubaker, Greenwood, Hofmaster, Sept. 24). BANDED CUCUMBER BEETLE (Diabrotica balteata) - LOUISIANA - Infesting potatoes and snap beans with up to eight per plant in East Baton Rouge Parish, (Oliver). SOUTH CAROLINA - Very abundant; injuring snap beans moderately and cucumbers slightly at Charleston, (Cuthbert, Reid, Sept. 21). BEAN LEAF BEETLE (Cerotoma trifurcata) - SOUTH CAROLINA - Causing slight injury to snap beans in Charleston area. (Cuthbert, Reid, Sept. 21). VIRGINIA - Light to moderate numbers of adults and injury on young late-crop snap beans in eastern area. (Brubaker, Greenwood, Hofmaster, Sept. 24). BEAN LEAF ROLLER (Urbanus proteus) - SOUTH CAROLINA - eee ee injury to snap beans at Charleston. (Cuthbert, Reid, Sept, 21). BEET ARMYWORM (Laphyqma exiqua) - ARIZONA - In complex with other lepidopterous larvae, causing unusually severe damage to sugar beet seedlings, Sept. 12-23. Damaging green tom=to fruits at Bowie, Cochise County. (Ariz. Coop. Rept. ). BEET LEAFHOPPER (Circulifer tenellus) - UTAH - From 43-66 percent loss on tomatoes due to curly top at Santa Clara. (Dorst). PICKLEWORM (Diaphania nitidalis) - SOUTH CAROLINA - Causing serious damage to unprotected cantaloupes and squash at Charleston. (Cuthbert, September 21). VIRGINIA - Continues to injure some plantings of cucumbers in eastern area, (Brubaker, Greenwood, Hofmaster, Sept. 24). MELONWORM (Diaphania hyalinata) - TEXAS - Heavy local infestation attacking cantaloupes on the Winter Garden Experiment Station. (Richardson). MELON APHID (Aphis gossypii) - SOUTH CAROLINA - Light but increasing populations on cantaloupes in Charleston area, September 21. (Cuthbert, Reid). A LEPIDOPTEROUS LARVA (Heliothis phloxiphaga) - OREGON - Feeding on commercial peppermint in Jefferson County. (Det. S. E. Crumb). (Every). -940- TURNIP APHID (Rhopalosiphum pseudobrassicae) - LOUISIANA - Very light populations in several turnip fields in St. Charles and St. John the Baptist Parishes. (Oliver). CABBAGE APHID (Brevicoryne brassicae) - UTAH - Damaging cabbage in some fields and gardens. (Knowlton). CABBAGE WEBWORM (Hellula rogatalis) - LOUISIANA - Infesting a field of broccoli at three per linear foot of row in St. John the Baptist Parish. (Oliver). CABBAGE LOOPER (Trichoplusia ni) - NEVADA - Damaging lettuce in Moapa Valley, ClarkCounty. (Gallaway, Sept. 24). ARIZONA - Severe in all untreated lettuce fields in Maricopa County. (Ariz. Coop. Rept. ). LOUISIANA - Infesting broccoli, cabbage and cauliflower over all the vegetable crop area. Requiring control many sections. (Oliver). SOUTH CAROLINA - Causing considerable injury to unprotected plant- ings of early fall collards in Charleston area, Light to moderate infes- tations persist in some treated collard fields. Some larvae on fall crop plants. (Cuthbert, Reid, Sept. 21). VIRGINIA - Largely responsible for injury to young kale, collards, and similar crops in southeastern truck crop area, (Brubaker, Greenwood, Hofmaster, Sept. 24). SOUTHERN GREEN STINK BUG (Nezara viridula) - LOUISIANA - Infesting okra at 1-4 per linear foot of row in St. John the Baptist and East Baton Rouge Parishes. (Oliver). SOUTHERN GARDEN LEAFHOPPER (Empoasca solana) - LOUISIANA - Infesting sweetpotatoes at 150 per 100 sweeps in Evangeline Parish, 75 per 100 sweeps in Acadia Parish, 110 per 100 sweeps St. eG igen) EUROPEAN EARWIG (Forficula auricularia) - PENNSYLVANIA - Infestation in a garden in Ridgway, Elk County, (Adams). VESTERN SPOTTED CUCUMBER BEETLE (Diabrotica undecimpunctata) - OREGON - Larvae entering tomatoes in commercial truck crop areas of Yamhill County. Economic loss to one grower's acreage. (Every). Larvae caused a reduction in yield of at least three tons per acre in 15 acres of beans at Junction City. (Morrison, September 16). TOMATO FRUITWORM (Heliothis armigera) - SOUTH CAROLINA - Causing moderate injury to fall tomatoes in Charleston area, September 21, (Cuthbert, Reid), VIRGINIA - Still seasonably abundant on lima and snap beans in eastern area, (Brubaker, Greenwood, Hofmaster, Sept. 24). MARYLAND - Larvae of all sizes abundant on snap bean pods in Baltimore County. (U. Md., Ent. Dept.). -946- HORNWORMS (Protoparce spp.) - SOUTH CAROLINA - Causing considerable injury to fall tomatoes in Charleston area, (Cuthbert, Reid, Sept. 21). WIREWORMS - FLORIDA - Conoderus probably amplicollis larvae averaging one per 1000 plants injuring tomatoes by boring into stems of newly-set plants in Dade County, September 17. (Wolfenbarger). TOBACCO BUDWORM (Heliothis virescens) - TEXAS - Medium to heavy local infestation in plantings of sesame on the Weslaco Experi- ment Station. (Wene, Deer). ae ee ee cree cme Saye ee ees ee ee es BOLL WEEVIL (Anthonomus grandis) - TEXAS - Heavy, widespread infestations in all succulent untreated cotton in central area. (Parencia), BOLLWORMS (Heliothis spp.) - NEVADA - Survey of 2100 acres of cotton in Clark and Nye Counties revealed less than one percent infes- tation; lighter than usual. (Gallaway, Sept. 24) PINK BOLLWORM (Pectinophora gossypiella) - TEXAS - The heavy infestation recently found between El Paso and Ysleta continues to build up but is localized. LOUISIANA - Some 278 specimens in one lot of gin trash at Lake Charles. Originated in the Johnson Bayou section of Cameron Parish. Field inspection showed a heavy infesta- tion in one field and two other light infestations in this section, with green bolls abundant. (Pink Bollworm Cont. Proj., Sept. 15). COTTON LEAFWORM (Alabama argillacea) - TEXAS - Heavy wide- spread infestation on all succulent untreated cotton in central area. (Parencia), ALABAMA - Common throughout southern area, (Arant). COTTON LEAF PERFORATOR (Bucculatrix thurberiella) - CALIFORNIA - Continues to infest many fields in Imperial Valley. (Cal. Coop. Rept. ). =. eS ae ee ae ee a Os ee en ee ee eee ee Se eee ee ne ee ee PINE NEEDLE SCALE (Phenacaspis pinifoliae) - UTAH - Damaging mugho pine and yellow pine at Salt Lake City. (Knowlton). NANTUCKET PINE MOTH (Rhyacionia frustrana) - MISSISSIPPI - Old field loblolly pine 2-10 feet high heavily infested in Oktibbeha County. Of 3761 tips examined, 67.5 percent were infested. (Neel). -947- A LEPIDOPTEROUS LARVA (Anisota Spe = VIRGINTASS iene oak trees in one area of Buckingham County. (Nichols, Morris). AN OAK TWIG PRUNER (Hypermallus villosus) - RHODE ISLAND - Active on scattered oak trees in Gloucester, Typical damage in Smithfield and Cranston. (Mathewson, Caroselli). BRONZE BIRCH BORER (Agrilus anxius) - PENNSYLVANIA - One Se ee ee specimen birch killed in Centre County. (Adams). BALSAM-FIR SAWFLY (Neodiprion abietis) - WISCONSIN - Correction: CEIR 5(26)605 under sawflies, European spruce sawfly should read balsam-fir sawfly (Neodiprion abietis). AZALEA CATERPILLAR (Datana major) - FLORIDA - Second genera- tion larvae abundant and causing severe defoliation of azaleas at Gainesville, Alachua County. (Det. L, A, Hetrick). (Denmark). COTTONY MAPLE SCALE (Pulvinaria innumerabilis) - RHODE ISLAND - Light infestation of a few red and silver maples in Providence area. Noted on two-and three-year old twigs. (Caroselli). A GIANT HICKORY APHID (Longistiqma caryae) - PENNSYLVANIA - Abundant on ornamentals in Beaver County. (Adams). RED-HUMPED CATERPILLAR (Schizura concinna) - VIRGINIA - Has practically defoliated willow trees in one locality of Appomattox County. (Smith, Morris). SPIDER MITES - IDAHO - Severe infestations on many ornamental evergreens in northern area. (Portman, Barr). VIRGINIA CREEPER LEAFHOPPER (Erythroneura ziczac) - NEVADA ~ Increased to severe infestations during late August and during September. Virginia creeper 100 percent defoliated in western Nevada. (Gallaway). A WILLOW BORER (Cryptorhynchus sp.) - RHODE ISLAND - Injury to poplar in Scituate area. (Caroselli). YELLOW-NECKED CATERPILLAR (Datana ministra) - MISSISSIPPI - Numerous leaves of post oak trees infested in an abandoned field in Oktibbeha County. (Neel). GIANT HORNET (Vespa crabo germana) - VIRGINIA - Severely damag- ing lilacs in Richmond area and also eating on apples. Many calls from counties adjacent to Richmond. (Willey). -946 - INSECTS AFFECTING MAN AND ANIMALS HOUSE FLIES - ARIZONA - Flies, mainly Musca domestica, popula- tions index of two small towns in southeastern Maricopa and north- western Pinal Counties: average of five highest grill counts in nine blocks week of September 19-23: 28.6. UTAH - Constitute a con- Spicuous problem in many communities. (Knowlton). HORSE FLIES (Tabanus spp.) - LOUISIANA - Tabanus sp. and I, lineola, T. atratus, and T, americanum attacking cattle over southern half of State at 1-8 per 15-minute period. (Oliver). MOSQUITOES - LOUISIANA - A very heavy population of adult Aedes and Anopheles in Plaquemine Parish, (Oliver). HORN FLY (Siphona irritans) - LOUISIANA - Populations light to medium on several hundred head of cattle in southern half of State. (Oliver), OKLAHOMA - Untreated cattle in northwestern area have 1000-2000 flies per animal. (Howell). CAT AND DOG FLEAS (Ctenocephalides spp.) - PENNSYLVANIA - Very abundant in a home in Cameron County. (Adams). CUBAN ROACH (Panchlora cubensis) - OREGON - Single specimen sent in by Fremont Sprowls from Gresham. (Every). COMMON CATTLE GRUB (Hypoderma lineatum) - OKLAHOMA - iG oer 5 percent of 500 cattle inspected in northwestern area. Howell). BROW N-BANDED ROACH (Supella supellectilium) - IDAHO - Two new infestations reported from Twin Falls and Kuna, Previously reported from Boise, Nampa, and Moscow. (Portman). BLACK WIDOW SPIDER (Latrodectus mactans) - UTAH - A few found in homes in central area. (Knowlton). PENNSYLVANIA - A few specimens found in home in Lancaster County. (Pepper). STABLE FLY (Stomoxys calcitrans) - UTAH ~- Seriously abundant in Davis County. (Knowlton). PUNKIES (Leptoconops sp.) - NEVADA - Very abundant in eastern area. Abnormal moisture during August and September. (Gallaway). -949- BENEFICIAL INSECTS - DAMSEL BUGS - SOUTH DAKOTA - Quite large numbers in alfalfa fields of western area with counts up to 32 per 25 sweeps. (Hantsbarger). STORED PRODUCTS INSECTS PSOCIDS - NORTH DAKOTA - Infesting stored grain in Renville and Mercer Counties. Confused flour beetles also in Mercer grains. (N.D. Ins. Rept. Serv. ). EUROPEAN EARWIG (Forficula auricularia) - UTAH - Unusually abundant in the Mt. Pleasant area this season. (Funk). MISCELLANEOUS INSECTS SS ee ee ee CLUSTER FLY (Pollenia rudis) -UTAH - Has invaded some homes in northern area, (Knowlton). CLOTHES MOTHS - UTAH - Damaging clothing, carpets and upholstered furniture in a number of counties. (Knowlton). BOXELDER BUG (Leptocoris trivittatus) - UTAH - Increased appear-~- ance in homes and offices following cooler weather. (Knowlton). a - A nuisance in a home in Northampton County. Pepper). en a es ee es ee ee Oe ee ee er er Of interest recently was the interception of a living adult pentatomid, identified as Plantia fimbriata (F.) with chrysanthemum flowers in air cargo from Australia at the Honolulu Airport (Rainwater), This insect has been reported injurious to various plants in parts of the Far East. In Japan, where it is known as the brown-winged green bug, it has been reported feeding on citrus, persimmon, peach, pear, mulberry, chestnut, and other plants. In China, it has been reported a pest of some importance on long bean (Vigna sesquipedalis) and a minor pest of lima bean (Phaseolus lunatus). In China, it has also been reported feeding on canna, chrysanthemum, morning glory and night shade. It is said to occur also in India, Malaya, and Indonesia. It is not known to occur in the United States, (Compiled - Plant Quarantine Branch). YeTNTeL ye sder sory yy 04 VSP ¥C-81/6 etuBATASHIg (A4qUN0D) VINIDYIA 2 "dds g¢ Lg 02-81/6 98U090 fe) (AjUN0D) YNITOUVO HLNOS (ep) , ST dit: 2 1S 6& rag 72-81/6 WLLL i Z § 621 L ST Ig OTT €Z-L1/6 Hutpteds Og L6 62-L1/6 ByICIO (seTUNOD) VIOUOAD 92 61 GL, OS-F2/6 uainqny VNVaV1V Le 821 GL 6 Ze ik O$-72/6 ebnoy “gd 9 vz OL 92S AREAL 682 6IT L9T vOP O$-F2/6 Ue Te I, YNVISINOT Z lV OT GZI ¥Z 62-72/6 “219 ebsT[oD SVXAL “ummb -e]KeS SodIA ‘biuize “doiqns ‘emuleh uopsdd -dibnay -undum = a01edo}0Oig STUJOTTSH eljaq ‘omuy stosaby ‘bAydey Tepnesg SNOLLOATIOO dVuL LHOIT -951- WEATHER BUREAU'S 30-DAY OUTLOOK October 1955 The Weather Bureau's 30-day outlook for October calls for temperatures to average below seasonal normals over most of the nation except for above normal in the South and near normal in the North Atlantic States, Ohio Valley, and Far West. Coldest weather is indicated in the Northern Plains and warmest in the extreme Southeast. Precipitation is expected to exceed normal over most of the country except for subnormal amounts west of the Continental Divide and also along the Gulf and South Atlantic coasts. This report released by the Weather Bureau on September 30, 1955. Weather forecast given here is based on the official 30-day "Resume and Outlook", published twice a month by the Weather Bureau. You can subscribe through Superintendent of Documents, Washington 25, D.C. Price $4.80 a year, $2. 40 for six months. WEATHER FOR THE WEEK ENDING OCTOBER 8, 1955 Moderate to heavy rains in parts of the lower Great Plains and in most sections from the Mississippi Valley to the Atlantic Coast furnished additional soil moisture which was urgently needed in local areas east of the Continental Divide for fall seeding. Fair weather in most of the Far West favored harvesting operations. A cold front brought moderate to heavy rains to the middie and upper Mississippi Valley eastward on September 27 and 28, and along the entire East Coast on the latter date. Meantime a weak low pressure area brought light to moderate showers to the Pacific Northwest (heavy west of Cascades), and as it moved east- ward, general moderate to heavy rains again fell in the middle and upper Mississippi Valley on September 29, over all the East on the 30th, and along the Atlantic Coast on October 1. Light to moderate showers were falling in the central and western portions of the lower Great Plains at the end of the period, Rainfall totals were very light (under 0. 25 inch) west of a line joining Amarillo, Texas and Minneapolis, Minnesota, and in virtually all areas west of the Continental Divide except western Washington, where totals at many stations exceeded an inch. No rain fell in most of California, Arizona, Utah, Nevada, and southern Idaho. Some heavy weekly totals were as follows: Roswell, New Mexico, 2.69 inches; Wichita Falls, Texas, 1.47; Oklahoma City, Oklahoma, 4.82; Wichita, Kansas, 5, 46; Little Rock, Arkansas, 2, 49; Nashville, Tennessee, 3.71; Louisville, Kentucky, 2.44; Indianapolis, Indiana, 3.01; Charlotte, North Carolina, 0. 88; and Scranton, Pennsylvania, 2.88 inches. Maximum temperatures were consistently in the 90's or high 80's in most southern areas during the week, and rose into the 90's in California's central Valley at the end. In northern areas daytime temperatures were generally in the 50's and 60's and minima during the latter half fell below freezing in many areas. (Summary Supplied by U.S. Weather Bureau). vortagedgee) no Uerea OF SHON | Neer! ToHieaW ent BOM .B.eorws Hereliding, ) (dS scipNnee Wl i: noel fo" beget de: B dower 8 bce male i as OL epey, & C den! ie a0 ) re > aon aa Oar AOL BONAR ol auth rca) ease) Eh nha pags ad ¢ 5 A YSHBV ‘ Britt Peeheche tin Masry hameeeie 2 fi Lor Sree ih GOP WIL ae ese ¢ Bian: iS Cyn aan) ‘Ger Ryn. bese Lt fi me ; eS Bite fi aly Ay na Jeane gee Sk 5 biog i RetR BieKoueta. wos ise eS Ngee nee : Freie ue ft ia cae ® hee greet dren etthon Vi Hapa Shs, Red Ol al sTeneny Ls Bric neva! CS nactiasged 20 retie\ tone PORE a Ache POC tre TREO. HR Mba OF GG PES OREN. = orbs i , Xa ey ; “WOE FSA REE STOLL, ee Bin aK pei fig a SE h i ; OE ihe ate Satay 8G PEND ae NG mreiinon ihe tah ge Re) abner bettie) 1 2G (es ma rem ; ania pit ROSALIE LOM PRUE ER es ie tA ous eas MR TR ign oe hk EAA VOL. 5 No. 41 OCTOBER 14, 1955 Sb K25 Cy.) Eat Cooperative ECONOMIC INSECT REPORT Issued by PLANT PEST CONTROL BRANCH AGRICULTURAL RESEARCH SERVICE UNITED STATES DEPARTMENT OF AGRICULTURE AGRICULTURAL RESEARCH SERVICE PLANT PEST CONTROL BRANCH ECONOMIC INSECT SURVEY SECTION The Cooperative Economic Insect Report is issued weekly as a service to American Agri- culture. Its contentsare compiled from informa- tion supplied by cooperating State, Federal, and industrial entomologists and other agricultural workers. In releasing this material the Branch serves as a clearing house and does not assume responsibility for accuracy of the material. Reports and inquiries pertaining to this release should be mailed to: Economic Insect Survey Section Plant Pest Control Branch Agricultural Research Service United States Department of Agriculture Washington 25, D. C. Volume 5 October 14, 1955 No. 41 COOSDERATIVG HCONOMIC INSHC® REPORT Highlights of Insect Conditions EUROPEAN CORN BORER infestation at high level, 349 borers per 100 plants, in Iowa, Considerable build-up in Wisconsin. Severe infestation of second generation in many fields in Illinois. (p. 955). FALL ARMYWORM light to heavy on alfalia and small grains in sev- eral Texas counties and requiring controls on young oats in Louisiana. NS QZ ay HESSIAN FLY populations lower than last year in Kansas. Dp. 956). CHINCH BUG reported from Florida for first time. {p. 956). GARDEN WEBWORM of concern on alfalfa at Yuma, Arizona and on forage and small grains in some Texas counties. (p. 956). YELLOW CLOVER APHID causing considerable damage to new seedings in Graham County, Arizona, increasing in Box Elder and Weber Counties, Utah, continues moderate to heavy in Platte River Valley, Nebraska, and in Brazos and Burleson Counties, Texas. (p. 957). SWEETCLOVER WEEVIL building up in eastern and northeastern Nebraska. (p. 958). WHITE-FRINGED BEETLE survey results. (p. 953). CITRUS BLACKFLY collected in Laredo, Texas, (p. 959). BLACK mcca) APHID heavily infesting pecan trees in northwestern Louisiana. Dp. : MEXICAN BEAN BEETLE beginning to damage young snap beans in eastern Virginia. Damage to beans in Franklin County, Mississippi and at Auburn, Alabama. (p. 960). BEET LEAFHOPPER survey re- sults in Texas. (p. 960). CABBAGE LOOPER causing serious losses on cabbage in southern Wisconsin and severe on lettuce at Glendale, Arizona. (p. 961). SWEETPOTATO WEEVIL unusually heavy in Falls County, Texas; about 2 percent infestation in Louisiana. (p. 961). SAW-TOOTHED GRAIN BEETLE very abundant in southern Wisconsin. Most common pest in stored grain in South Carolina. (p. 964). 2 a BUG very abundant in Iowa and southeastern Wisconsin. p. 965). STATES reporting - 27, ADDITIONAL NOTES (p. 966). -954- WEATHER FOR THE WEEK ENDING OCTOBER 10, 1955 A belt of moderate to heavy rain extending from the lower Great Plains to the upper Mississippi Valley and Great Lakes at the beginning of the period moved slowly eastward during the week, resulting in weekly totals of one-half to over 5 inches. The heaviest rains fell in a wide beit ex- tending from Oklahoma to New England. In Oklahoma heavy flood dam- age was reported in the Washita and Red River Vaileys. East of the Rocky Mountains moderate to heavy rains which have fallen during the past 3 weeks have replenished soil moisture to the extent that no serious ary areas remain, although more rain is needed in local areas in the South and upper Mississippi Valley. Kansas, for example, received 4 to 9 inches of moisture during this 3-~week period and wheat prospects are good. Precipitation in the far West was mainiy limited to extreme northern areas west of the Continental Divide, where showers occurred at the beginning and end of the week. Cool Pacific air overspread the far West early in the week, reducing temperatures 15 to 2OY, Freezing and frost occurred in the Pacific States east of the Cascade and Sierra Nevada Mountains and in all of the Mountain States except the extreme southern part. As the cool air continued eastward, freezing and frost also occurred in the western Great Plains as far south as the Texas Panhandle on the 7th and 8th. In many sections this was the first freeze of the season. Freezing was responsible for only limited damage to crops since they were already mature. The cool air moved across the Fastern States over the week- end, reducing temperatures to normal levels or below. Most of the South reported the coolest weather since May. The period ended with fair weather and rising temperatures everywhere, except in the Pacific Northwest, where rain was still falling. Temperatures, unusually high for the season in central areas on the last day, reached 92° at Havre, Montana, 90° at Williston, North Dakota, and 93° at Pierre, South Dakota. Temperatures for the week averaged below normal in the extreme southern Great Plains and west of the Continental Divide, with the greatest departures of 6° occurring at Yakima, Washington and Pendleton, Oregon. The week was warmer than normal elsewhere, as much as 69 in some North Central Interior sections topped by 8° at Detroit, Michigan. (Summary Supplied by U. S. Weather Bureau). FORO OO I OK kK aK ak Reports in this issue are for the week ending October 7, 1955, unless otherwise designated. CEREAL AND FORACE INSECTS GRASSHOPPERS - IDAHO - Results of survey for adults show that populations throughout the State are generally lighter than for the last four years except in the extreme southeastern area, where populations started to build up. Economic populations found in rangeland in these counties with the number of acres which are esti- mated as requiring control in 1956: Fremont, 35,000; Idaho, 60, 000; Custer, 10,000; Lemhi, 2000. Spotted economic infestations in several other counties. (Evans, Manis). WYOMING - Damaging second cutting alfalfa in Lincoln County. (Spackman). KANSAS - At one location in south central Jefferson County, egg pod counts averaged about three per square yard in fence rows with about 75 percent of the pods con- taining predators. (Matthew). LOUISIANA - Melanonvlus spp. infesting coastal Bermuda grass with up to three per square foot in Claiborne and Tensas Parishes. (Oliver). MARYLAND - Populations, principal- ly Melanoplus femur-rubrum, averaged 10 adults per square yard in large pastures, fields, and along roadsides in central Montgomery County. (U. Md., Ent. Dept. }. EUROPEAN CORN BORER (Pyrausta nubilalis) - VIRGINIA - Two fields in Brunswick County averaged 191 larvae per 100 stalks with 76 and 64 percent of stalks infested. (Morris). ILLINOIS - Severe infestation of second generation in many fields. (Petiy). IOWA - Infestation at high level and the average for State is 349 borers per 100 plants compared with 483 in the fall of 1954. (Harris). WISCONSIN - Survey for overwintering larvae indicates a considerable buildup in populations throughout the State compared with previous years. (Chambers), NORTH DAKOTA - Fall survey in Traill County showed an average of 78.3 percent plants infested. Average number of larvae per plant was 1.3. (N.D. Rept. Serv.). NEBRASKA - From 2-26 per stalk in Dakota County. (Roselle, Andersen). KANSAS - Fields in Jefferson County averaged 33 percent infestation, at rate of one larva per stalk. From 4-80 percent infestation so far in Douglas, Leaven- worth and Shawnee Counties. (Matthew). CUTWORMS - Active in wheat in McClain and Oklahoma Counties. (Flora). LOUISIANA - Flights of Agrotis qladiaria occurring in northern area. (Oliver). FALL ARMYWORM (Laphygma frugiperda) - TEXAS - Light to heavy infestations on alfalfa, small grains, pastures, and lawns in Denton, Wise, Jim Wells, Coryell, and Victoria Counties. (Chada, Brandes, Tomlin, McCombs). LOUISIANA - Infesting young oats in East Baton Rouge, East Feliciana, West Feliciana, Tensas, and St. Helena Parishes. Many fields treated. (Oliver). 956... SORGHUM WEBWORM (Celama sorghiella) - KENTUCKY - Has caused some damage to sorghum at Murray. (Price). TEXAS - Light to heavy spotted infestation on grain sorghums in Rockwall, Frio, Burleson, and Brazos Counties. (Hawkins, Novasod, Davis). HESSIAN FLY (Phytophaga destructor) - KANSAS - Percent infesta- tion by county, based on 50-stem sample: Marshall, 1.1; Riley, 1.1; Linn, 0.5; Cherokee, 1.2; and Bourbon, 5.3. No other infestations found in State. Much lower populations than last year. (Jones, Matthew). BROWN WHEAT MITE (Petrobia latens) - OKLAHOMA - A survey of 10 fields in Kingfisher County shows a beginning infestation in fall-seeded wheat. Mites in six of ten fields examined but highest population 1. 2 per linear foot of row. Most of mites were recently hatched but in one area west of Hennessey adults predominated. (Henderson). GREEN JUNE BEETLE (Cotinis nitida) - VIRGINIA - Heavy in a lawn in Prince Edward County. (Striplin, Rowell). Active in some pastures, lawns, and some hay fields in eastern area. (Rowell). SOD WEBWORMS - RHODE ISLAND - Light damage in a few lawns in Kingston. (Kantack). TURF INSECTS - RHODE ISLAND - Of 471 scarabaeid larvae taken in 14 samples in turf in Newport County, 36.73 percent were Japanese beetle, 53.92 percent were Asiatic garden beetle, and 9.3 percent were other scarabaeids. (Mathewson). A GRASSWORM (Mocis spp.) - FLORIDA - All stages, averaging 50 per square yard on Bermuda grass at Alturas, Polk County, September 7. (Wesson). Averaging two per plant of pampas grass near White City, St. Lucie County, September 14, (Campbell). A LEAF ROLLER (Platynota stultana) - ARIZONA - Prevented some growers in the Yuma area from producing an alfalfa seed crop when control started too late. (Ariz. Coop. Rept. ). GARDEN WEBWORM (Loxostege similalis) - ARIZONA - Caused noticeable damage to alfalfa in some locations at Yuma with 20-30 per 100 sweeps. (Ariz. Coop. Rept.). TEXAS - Light to heavy wide-~ spread infestation on alfalfa and small grain in Denton and Wise Counties. Some alfalfa fields completely destroyed. (Chada). Heavy widespread infestations on forage and small grain crops in Jim Wells County. (Brandes). CHINCH BUG (Blissus leucopterus) - FLORIDA - Adults collected on corn, Escambia County, August 3. First record for State as far as known, (Det. R. F. Hussey). (Mead). -957- ALFALFA CATERPILLAR (Colias philodice eurytheme) - ARIZONA - Abundant on alfalfa on Yuma Mesa, 2-3 per sweep. (Ariz. Coop. Rept.). UTAH - Moderate infestation is general in northern and central area alfalfa fields. (Knowlton). BEET ARMYWORM (Laphyqma exiqua) - TEXAS - From 4-6 per 100 sweeps on aifaifa in Brazos and Burleson Counties. (Randolph). YELLOW-STRIPED ARMYWORM (Prodenia ornithogalli) - TEXAS - Light to medium local infestations on alfalfa and small grains in Denton and Wise Counties. Heavy infestations in irrigated alfalfa, light infestations in small grains, but many larvae are small. (Chada). UTAH - CEIR 5 (38):905. Prodenia ornithogalli shouid read Prodenia sp. A CATERPILLAR (Pyroderces rileyi) - LOUISIANA - Infesting grain sorghum in Claiborne and Tensas Parishes. (Oliver). YELLOW CLOVER APHID (Myzocallis trifolii) - ARIZONA - General on alfalfa in Graham County, causing considerable damage to new seed- ings. Not started to build up in Yuma area. (Ariz. Coop. Rept. Me UTAH - Populations have increased in Box Elder and Weber Counties. (Knowlton), NEBRASKA - Low population on red clover in Saunders County. (Hill). Reduced somewhat by moist weather around T renton in the Republican River Valley. Continues moderate to heavy in Platte River Valley. Populations in York and Hamilton Counties very light. (Andersen), TEXAS - Can be found in almost any alfalfa field where there is green growth but infestation light. Very heavy infestations in a few alfalfa fields that were irrigated in Denton and Wise Counties. (Chada). Infestations increasing in Brazos bottoms of Brazos and Burleson Counties. (Randolph). LOUISIANA - Infesting all of ten alfalfa fields and one white clover field examined in Bossier Parish, one of two alfalfa fields examined in Red River Parish, and two of three alfalfa fields examined in Natchitoches Parish. (Oliver). PEA APHID (Macrosiphum pisi) - ARIZONA - Quite abundant on alfalfa at Marana, Pima County, September 29. (Ariz. Coop. Rept. ). VELVETBEAN CATERPILLAR (Anticarsia gemmatilis) - NORTH CAROLINA - Light infestation in soybeans in Johnson County. (Dogger). LOUISIANA - infesting alfalfa fields in Red River and Natchitoches Gee causing complete defoliation in several fields examined. liver). THRIPS - UTAH - Unusually numerous on blossoming alfalfa in Box Elder and Weber Counties. (Knowlton). -958- THREE-CORNERED ALFALFA HOPPER (Spissistilus festinus) - ARIZONA - Abundant on alfalfa in Yuma area, 60 per 100 sweeps. (Ariz, Coop. Rept.}. TEXAS - From 60-70 per 100 sweeps on alfalfa in Brazos and Burleson Counties, (Randolph). SWEETCLOVER WEEVIL (Sitona cylindricollis) - NEBRASKA - Populations building up with moist weather. Counts in eastern and northeastern areas 5-10 per 25 sweeps. (Andersen). STINK BUGS - ARIZONA - Very numerous everywhere on alfalfa in Yuma area, From 40-50 per 10 sweeps in two fields and 2-10 per 10 Sweeps in some others. Seed crop very poor where infestation high. In Bermuda grass seed fields at 8-10 per square foot near alfalfa fields in Yuma area. (Ariz. Coop. Rept.). PLANT BUGS - UTAH - Lygus bugs, largely L. elisus and L. hesperus still very numerous in alfalfa fields ‘in northern area. (Knowlton). WHITE-FRINGED BEETLES (Graphognathus spp.) - Surveys between July 1a September 30 in the eight infested southeastern states re- Sulted in finding of white-fringed beetles for first time in six additional counties: Calhoun County, Alabama; Butts, Henry and Morgan Counties, Georgia; Livingston Parish, Louisiana; and Rowan County, North Carolina, Infestations in these counties ranged from 10 acres to approximately 200 acres. Considerably more acreage was found in- fested when a delimiting program was completed at Millington, Tennessee. Additional infested properties were found in infested counties in Alabama, Florida, Georgia, Louisiana, Mississippi, North Carolina, South Carolina, and Tennessee. Largest increase in infested acreage was in Alabama, Mississippi, and Georgia; while in Louisiana and South Carolina, only 234 and 303 acres, re- Spectively, have been found since October 1, 1954. A cooperative Survey was also completed during this period in New Jersey with- out discovering additional areas of infestation in that State. (WFB Program). ee ee es ee ee RED-BANDED LEAF ROLLER (Arayrctaenia velutinana) - OHIO - Injury by third brood common. From 5-10 percent of fruit injured in afew orchards. (Cutright). LESSER PEACH TREE BORER (Synanthedon pictipes) - LOUISIANA - Heavily infesting about 150 peach trees in Claiborne Parish by enter- ing trees through wounds of pruning and plowing. (Oliver). 959 HALL SCALE (Nilotagpis halli) - CALIFORNIA - Removals of infested trees and shrubs in the Chico City infestation totaled 21 during the period. Total removals to date are about 3578 with about 1601 remaining. Other hosts in Chico City area have been readied for fumigation or pulling. (Hall Scale Proj., Sept. 1955). CODLING MOTH (Carpocapsa pomonella) - OHIO - Lightest infestation in years. Very few late entries. (Cutright). CALIFORNIA PRIONUS (Prionus californicus) - UTAH - Has killed another twelve apple treés and 29 apricot trees in one large orchard at Holladay, Salt Lake County. Damage was serious in 1954 also. (Parrish, Knowlton). APPLE MAGGOT (Rhagoletis pomoneila) - OHIO - Unusual number of second-brood flies. Observed ovipositing as late as October 3 at Wooster. Injury present in several commercial orchards. (Cutright). COTTONY-CUSHION SCALE (Icerya purchasi) - ARIZONA - Three out- breaks in Yuma area brought under control with vedalia beeties. (Ariz. Coop. Rept. ). YELLOW SCALE /Aonidiella citrina) - FLORIDA - Averages 20 per leat of grapefruit at Dunedin in Pinellas County, September 26. (Miller). THRIPS - ARIZONA - Moderately abundant on citrus at Yuma; damage most noticeable on small trees. (Ariz. Coop. Rept.). SALT-MARSH CATERPILLAR (Estiqmene acrea) - ARIZONA - Has caused some loss of young citrus leaves of some citrus groves at Yuma. (Ariz, Coop. Rept. ). PURPLE SCALE (Lepidosaphes beckii) - LOUISIANA - In complex with Coccus hesperidum and Phyllocoptruta oleivora infesting oranges and satsumas in St. Bernard and Plaquemine Parishes. (Oliver). CITRUS BLACKFLY (Aleurocanthus woglumi) - TEXAS - Infestation found September 20 in a tourist court about 25 blocks north of the international bridge on the Laredo-San Antonio highway. On September 26, a second infestation was found about three biocks from the first in a private residence. A total of three leaves bearing pupae were taken from two trees on the two properties. (Mex. Fr. Fly and Cit. Blackfly Cont. Prog., Sept. 16~20). A GOOSEBERRY BORER (Xylocrius agassizi) - OREGON - Injured 100 percent of gooseberries in a 15-acre planting over a period of several years, necessitating removal of all plants this fall. (Rosenstiel). 980 WALNUT CATERPILLAR (Datana integerrimea) - VIRGINIA - Injuring pecan foliage locally in Spotsylvania County. Larvae about three-fourths mature. (Morris). BEAN LEAF ROLLER (Uzbanus proteus) - LOUISIANA - infesting snap beans in Plaquemine Parish. (Oliver). BEAN LEAF BEETLE (Cerotoma trifurcata) - VIRGINIA - In complex with cutworms, salt-marsh caterpillars and woollybears, causing some damage tc most fall snap beans in eastern area. (Brubaker, Greenwood, Hofmaster), MEXICAN BEAN BEETLE (Epilachna varivestis) - VIRGINIA - Appearing in considerable numbers in eastern area. Young snap beans beginning to snow injury. A large number of adults expected to go into hiberna- tion this fall. (Brubaker, Greenwood, Hofmaster). MISSISSIPPI ~ Re- ported as causing damage to beans in Franklin County. (Hutchins). BEAN AND PEA WEEVILS - OKLAHOMA - Active generally over State. (Flora). CORN HARWORM (Heliothis armigera) - VIRGINIA - Causing light to moderate injury to snap beans and lima beans in eastern area, With armyworms andyellow-striped armyworm infesting kale and collards in the Churchland area west of Norfolk, Infesting about 25 percent of head lettuce in one field onBastern Shore. (Brubaker, Greenwood, Hofmaster). BLACK CUTWORM (Agrotis ypsilon) - MISSISSIPPI - Feeding on vegetables in Jackson County. (Bond). FALL ARMYWORM (Laphyama frugiperda) - MISSISSIPPI - Feeding on turnips. (Hester, Pepper). BEET LEAF HOPPER (Circulifer tenellus) - TEXAS - Results of survey show very few leafhoppers on Russian-thistles in Trans-Pecos area. None found in Pecos, Jeff Davis, Val Verde and Zavala Counties. Range per 100 sweeps in other counties surveyed: Crane, 0-7; Winkler, 0-3; Gaines, 3-6; Andrews, 5-8; Loving, 0-1; Reeves, 0-9; Presidio, 0-7; Brewster, 0-2; Terreil, O-1. Heavier populations found in north- western area. Average per 100 sweeps in northwestern counties: SEL - Bailey, 10.5; Castro, 32.0; Childress, 3C.0; Crosby, Ay 3 Dickens; 60.0; Foard, 16.0; Hale, 20.0; Hall, 35.0; Haskell, 12.0; Hockley, 32,0: Howard, 16,0; Jones, 34.0; Knox, 16.0; Lamb, 10.5; Lubbock, 39,5: Motley, 41,3; Parmer, 34.0; Sterling, 20,0; Taylor, 4.0. (Gaines). APHIDS - Heavy local infestations on tomatoes and peas in Brazos County. (King). re ee CABBAGE LOOPER (Trichoplusia ni) - ARIZONA - Severe on lettuce one month from harvest at Glendale, Maricopa County. (Ariz. Coop. Rept.). LOUISIANA - Continues to infest broccoli, caboage, and cauliflower in St. Bernard and Plaquemine Parishes. (Oliver), WIS- CONSIN - Has been very abundant in cabbage-growing areas of southern section, causing serious losses. (Chambers). HARLEQUIN BUG (Murgantia histrionica) - TEXAS - Heavy local infes- tations on tomatoes in Brazos County. (King). SOUTHERN ARMYWORM (Prodenia eridania) - MISSISSIPPI - A number observed for first time this year in Harrison County, (McGehee,. RASPBERRY ROOT BORER (Bembecia marginata) - OREGON - Larvae at ground level and up to one inch above ground level in iast week of September in Willamette Valiey. (Rosenstiel). SWEETPOTATO WEEVIL (Cylas formicarius elegantulus) - TEXAS - Heaviest infestation in recent years in Fails County, (Kirgi. LOUISIANA - Now from 4-10 percent infestation with about two percent average infes - tation for the season. Expected to increase due to longer exposure. Found for first time in Wilkinson County, Mississippi, and three addi- tional infestations found in Bibb County, Georgia. (eoeeeotato Weev. Cont. Prog., July 1-Sept. 30). STRAWBERRY CROWN MOTH (Ramosia bibionipennis) - OREGON - of Oregon City and injuring 80 percent of the blackcaps in another nearby planting of eight acres. (Rosenstiel). ~96 4. SOUTHERN PINE BEETLE (Dendroctonus frontalis) - NORTH CAROLINA - Attacking a moderate acreage of pines on city limits of Ashevilie. (Merkel, Je eerie) SMALLER EUROPEAN ELM BARK BEETLE (Scolytus multistriatus) - KANSAS ~- Reports receivec of its discovery in Norton County, extend- ing the northwestern distribution, (Matthew). IPS BEETLES - TEXAS ~ Heavy widespread infestation on loblolly and shortleaf pines in Montgomery and Anderson Counties. {Suneson, Thatcher), TURPENTINE BEETLES {(Dendroctonus spp.) - TEXAS - Heavy infes-. tations on loblolly and shortleaf pines in Montgomery County. (Suneson). D. terebrans larvae and adults heavy con loblolly pines in Cherokee County with 50 percent of trees attacked. (Thatcher). ee eee PALL WEBWORM (Hyphaniria cunea) - MISSISSIPPI - A number of gum and persimmon trees defoliated in Jackson County. ‘Bond). EUROPEAN PINE SHOOT MOTH (Rhyacionia buoliana) - WISCONSIN - Frequently reported from nurseries and parks tnroughout southeastern area, (Chambers). DOUCLAS-FIR BEETLE (Dendroctorus pseudotsugae) - WYOMING - Causing damage near Hyattsville. (Spackman). PINE NEEDLE SCALE (Phenacaspis pinifoliae) - VIRGINIA - So numerous on Some pines in Galax area that they are Killing trees. (Holcomb). Light to medium on Austrian and Mugho pines in a nursery in southeast- ern area. (Phillips, Harreil, Miller). ORANGE-STRIPED OAKWORM (Anisota senatoria) - TEXAS - In complex with Heterocampa manteo defoliating several thousand acres cf oak trees in Montgomery and Liberty Counties. (Webster). LACE BUGS (Stephanitis sp.) - VIRGINIA - Light to heavy on some nursery stocks of pyracanthas, azaleas, and crataegus in southeastern area. (Phillips, Harrell, Miller), BAGWORMS - SOUTH CARCLINA ~ Infesting arborvitae. Most numerous they have ever been in the Spartanburg area. (McCown). 963- APHIDS - UTAH - Pterocomma sp. extremely abundant on golden willow trees at Francis, Summit County, during August and into Sep~ tember. (Moore, Knowlton). MIMOSA WEBWORM (Homadaula albizziae) - MARYLAND - Larvae still active and injuring mimosa trees in Anne Arundel and Baltimore Counties. (U. Md., Ent. Dept.). WALNUT SCALE (Aspidiotus juglans-regiae) - VIRGINIA - Light to heavy va holly in a nursery in southeastern area. (Phillips, Harrell, Miller). COCONUT SCALE (Aspidiotus destructor) - FLORIDA - Adults averaging 100 per leaf on tropical-almond at South Miami, Dade County. (Dowling). WHITE PEACH SCALE (Pseudaulacaspis_pentagona) - VIRGINIA - Light to heavy on red twig dogwood, iilac, willow, and other nursery plants in southeastern area. (Phillips, Harrell, Miller). CAMELLIA SCALE (Lepidosaphes camelliae) - VIRGINIA - Light to heavy on camellias in a southeastern area nursery. (Phillips, Harrell, Miller). A COTTONWOOD CROWN BORER (Acceria tibialis) -- UTAH = Damaging poplar trees at Logan. (Det. E. W. Capps). (Henninger, Knowlton). A JUNIPER MEALYBUG (Pseudococeus juniperi) - KANSAS - A survey in Pittsburg County showed ten additional infestations. Was found for the first time in that area of State, August 1955. (Calkins). SCALE INSECTS - FLORIDA - Adults of Aonidisila orientalis averaging 200 per leaf of cycas at South Miami, Dade County, September 28. (Dowling). A scale, Toumeyella sp., attacking longleaf pines and giving plants a white, Gusty appearance near Gonzales, Escambia County. (Smith). VIRGINIA - Ceroplastes ceriferus infestation from light to heavy on holly, boxwood, flowering quince, camellias, and gar- denias in a nursery in southeastern area; light to heavy infestations of Asvidiotus pseudopsinosus on holly; heavy infestation of Pseudaonidia paeoniae on camellias. {Phillips, Harrell, Miller). GIANT HORNET (Vespa crabo germana) - VIRGINIA - Causing medium damage to lilac at a locality in Spotsylvania County. (Kosh). IRIS BORER (Macronoctua onusta) - VIRGINIA - Have heavily damaged iris rhizomes at one locality in Loudoun County. (Burr, Rowell). GOLDEN OAK SCALE (Asterolecanium variolosum) - VIRGINIA - Light to heavy infestations on several Species of oak in a nursery in southeastern area. (Phillips, Harrell, Miller). -964.. GLOOMY SCALE (Chrysomphalus tenebricosus) - VIRGINIA - Light to heavy on red and silver maples and very light on honeylocust trees in southeastern nursery. (Morris). A CEREAL MITE (Tyrophagus americanus) - WISCONSIN - ase attracted considerable attention by annoyance to farmers working with feed and straw, (Chambers). BLACK WIDOW SPIDER (Latrodectus mactans) - NORTH CAROLINA - Numerous and widely distributed immature stages in houses in Wake County, (Libeau, Jones). VIRGINIA - Very numerous and causing concern to residents in a subdivision of Blacksburg. (Dryling). An eon large number in areas of Bedford County and one man bitten, Darnell). MOS@UITOES - UTAH - More abundant on fresh water marshes than in 1954 in vicinity of Salt Lake City, especially Aedes dorsalis. Principal species about the same as in 1954; Culex tarsalis and Culiseta inornata. (Rees). HORN FLY (Siphona irritans) - OKLAHOMA - Populations on untreated cattle in northwest area average 750-800 per animal. (Flora). ae re ee ee Nee ne ee ee ee ee ee ee ee SAW-TOOTHED GRAIN BEETLE (Oryzaephilus surinamensis) - WISCONSIN - Very abundant in many farm granaries in southern area. Several large consignments of flour condemned also. (Chambers). SOUTH CAROLINA - Most common pest of stored wheat, oats, and barley. (McAlister, Sept. 29). A RICE MOTH (Corcyra cephalonica) - IOWA - Infestation found in corn meal at Ankeny. (Harris). LESSER MEALWORM (Alphitobius diaperinus) - MARYLAND - Heavy infestation of larvae and aduits in corn cob litter of brooder house in Centreville, Queen Annes County. Larvae have attacked dying and deadveheks (UVic a oEnt Dept m@ctars): GRAIN WEEVIL (Sitophilus granarius) - WISCONSIN - With Tribolium confusum and Oryzaephilus surinamensis very abundant throughout southern area. (Chambers). PSCOCIDS (Liposcelis sp.) - NEBRASKA - Very abundant in stored wheat in Trenton. (Hill). Qi2t ~985- BENEFICIAL INSECTS LADY BEETLES - IDAHO - Extremely heavy populations in flight, entering hibernation in forested areas of Latah County. (Manis}. a ae ee ee ee OLD HOUSE BORER (Hylotruves bajulus) - MARYLAND - Larvae infesting timbers in basement of home, Upper Marlboro, Prince Georges County. (U. Md., Ent. Dept. ). AMBROSIA BEETLES - MISSISSIPPI - Xyleborus sp. emerging from oak floor recently laid in a new house. (Bond). COCKROACHES - WISCONSIN - Appear to be more numerous than usual. (Chambers), WOOLLYBEARS = WISCONSIN - Unusual numbers attracting much attention, (Chambers). WASPS (Polistes spp.) - WISCONSIN -~ Many reports received from home owners being annoyed. (Chambers). CARPET BEETLES - WISCONSIN - Anthrenus scrophulariae and Attagenus piceus have been reported more abundant this fall by home owners. (Chambers). BOXELDER BUG (Leptocoris trivittatus) - IOWA - Extremely numerous with many reports from various portions of State. (Harris), NORTH CAROLINA - Moderate infestation in Wake County. (Scott). WISCONSIN - Very abundant in southeastern area, (Chambers). RECENT INTERCEPTIONS AT PORTS OF ENTRY_ Of recent interest was the unusual interception of an adult pentatomid, identified as Scotinophora lurida (Burm. ) with orchids in air express from Formosa at Seattle, Washington (Schoening.) This insect has been reported injurious to rice in Japan, Formosa, China, India, Okinawa and Ceylon. Reported injury varies from slight to occasionally serious, but seems to be of a minor nature ordinarily. Observations on the life history of the insect in Japan indicate there is one generation a year with hibernation occurring in the adult stage. Eggs hatch in about one week. Nymphs and adults congregate at bases of plants and start feeding. Later in the season they migrate to the heads of the 966 = rice to feed on the developing grain. Specimens of S. lurida have been intercepted occasionally in recent years in rice straw packing from Ceylon and Japan at West Coast and Atlantic ports. It is not known to occur in the United States, (Compiled - Plant Quarantine Branch). ALABAMA - Ali observations in vicinity of Auburn. CORN EARV/ORM and FALL ARMYWORM causing considerable damage to ears of late sweet corn. CORN LEAF APHID attacking sweet corn. THREE- CORNERED ALFALFA HOPPER present in large numbers on alfalfa and sericea lespedeza. From 50-75 percent of aifalia being damaged. CABBAGE LOOPER and CABBAGE APHID damaging collards. MEXICAN BEAN BEETLE abundant on pole lima beans. Heaviest infestation of SOUTHERN GREEN STINK BUG in this area since 1950. Many garden crops, especially corn and beans, infested. HARLEQUIN BUG and HORNWORMS in small numbers in gardens. (Guyton). WASHINGTON - A NITIDULID (Glischrochilus quadrisiqatus) - An unusual occurrence, heavy infestation boring into ripening strawberries in a smail planting at Puilman during September. Sound fruits were attacked, (Johansen, James). SOUTH DAKOTA - EUROPEAN CORN BORER - Average percent of plants infested is 66, with average of 116 borers per 100 plants in Hamlin, Kingsbury, Brookings, Miner, Moody and Lake Counties. ALFALFA CATERPILLAR still fairly abundant in alfalfa fields of east-central recion, five larvae in 25 sweeps. TARNISHED PLANT BUG also quite numerous in alfalfa fields of east-central region with 23 adults in 25 sweeps. ALFALFA PLANT BUG in alfalfa with counts up to 10 adults per 25 sweeps. BOXELDER BUG becoming nuisance in and around homes of Brookings area. (Hantsbarger). BRONZE — BIRCH BORER quite numerous in eastern areas with many of the in- fested birch trees dying. (Spawn). UCN], ye Sdesy osa0J,, L9 2 6 1G 62 T/01-92/6 TI, 8 fj 61 O€-P76/5 Sy4telO Lt @ He 8 UE 0g 0g O€-F2/6 Nutptedg (S8TWUNOD) VIDYOUD 66 DVS O&-7Z/6 elueaTAsyig (44uN05) VINIOUIA I G L-T/0T utidng (4yun0D) YNITIOUVO HLYON OT ‘dds GT g iL GT 9-Z/0T S9U0dQ ' OéT G Vv V SI 61 L ital 6 OT-0/0L UoSeT4eyO E (setyuM0D) VNITOUVO HLNOS o> T el h 9-2/0T uanqny VINVAV IV 1S I! val OLE LZ 60T 8ST Sul TYAN xUCTOTS.L 6& vE TIT G 9 AON epnoy “a YNVISINOT 6& LQ v G-€/0T "B4S abetjog SVXaLL L@Q Ger G/01-82/6 Aro vepzeD aal 02 L-¥/01 reyyeyveyl SVSNVO1 ‘emmep ‘utnb B)x9S SdJTA “hHims7e *19}QNS uojisdk ‘dibnay ‘undtum onuUy Q01ed0}01g STUJOTION, elifed syoaby “béydey Tepes SNOILLO@TIOO dVaL LHI be *) S97e i ; A - OY AA Acer ims -” VOL. 5 No. 42 OCTOBER 21, 1955 Se $24 CG)? Eup Cooperative ECONOMIC INSECT REPORT Issued by PLANT PEST CONTROL BRANCH AGRICULTURAL RESEARCH SERVICE UNITED STATES DEPARTMENT OF AGRICULTURE AGRICULTURAL RESEARCH SERVICE PLANT PEST CONTROL BRANCH ECONOMIC INSECT SURVEY SECTION The Cooperative Economic Insect Report is issued weekly as a service to American Agri- culture. Its contentsare compiled from informa- tion supplied by cooperating State, Federal, and industrial entomologists and other agricultural workers. In releasing this material the Branch serves as a clearing house and does not assume responsibility for accuracy of the material. Reports and inquiries pertaining to this release should be mailed to: Economic Insect Survey Section Plant Pest Control Branch Agricultural Research Service United States Department of Agriculture Washington 25, D. C. Volume 5 October 21, 1955 No, 42 COOPERATIVE ECONOMIC INSECT REPORT Highlights of Insect Conditions EUROPEAN CORN BORER infestation averages 282 borers per 100 plants in Illinois, 108 in northeast South Dakota, 35 to 329 in some Virginia counties, Fifth instars particularly abundant in grain sorghum in northern Alabama. (p. 971). FALL ARMYWORM abundant in alfalfa in Oklahoma. Damage to small grains in some counties in this State and in Mississippi. (p. 972). GREENBUG appearing on wheat in Deaf Smith and Castro Counties, Pas ss 972), Results of MEADOW SPITTLEBUG survey in Ohio. Deroy: YELLOW CLOVER APHID on alfalfa will be called SPOTTED ALFALFA APHID. Since the discovery of the aphid outbreak on alfalfa in New Mexico in early 1954, the species involved in this and other States on this host has been referred to as the yellow clover aphid (Myzocallis trifolii) in the Cooperative Economic Insect Report. The taxonomy of this aphid has been undergoing detailed study, however, and until a generally accepted scientific name is adopted for the form on alfalfa, the Report will carry all notes on it under "Spotted Alfalfa Aphid. " This aphid is reported from Missouri for the first time. Causing con- siderable damage in Cozad area of Nebraska, Marked increase in populations in Utah. (p. 974). A ROOT APHID causing heavy losses in some lettuce in Puyallup Valley, Washington. (p. 977). CORN EARWORM causing severe local damage to snap beans in northwestern Arkansas and abandonment of one lettuce crop on Eastern Shore, Virginia. (p. 977). ONION MAGGOT severe on fall-planted onions in western Washington. (p. 977). MOSQUITO-borne encephalitis reported from North Carolina, numerous cases in horses, one in human. (p. 979). EAR TICK widespread in cattle in Oklahoma. (p. 979). STATES REPORTING this week - 27. HEE EK 2 2k 2K 2K OK 2 fe ais 2s 2S 2 a 26K 2 aK a aE 6K Reports in this issue are for the week ending October 14, 1955, unless otherwise designated. “970= WEATHER FOR THE WEEK ENDING OCTOBER 17, 1955 Plood-producing rains in the Northeast featured the weather of the week. On October 14, 15, and 16 unusually heavy rains fell over southern New England and eastern portions of the Middle Atlantic States, with extreme totals for the storm exceeding 15 inches in the Catskill Mountains of New York State anc ranging up to 14 inches in Hampden County, Massachusetts. Damaging floods occurring in Pennsylvania, New Jersey, New York State, and southern New England were particularly devastating in the latter area, where a mounting death toll exceeded 40 at the end of the period and property damage was ex- pected to amount to many millions of dollars. Most of the remainder of the Nation enjoyed typical autumn weather with warm, Sunny days and cool nights, which was very favorable for fall harvesting operations, Moderate to heavy rains which fell in the Pacific Northwest at the beginning of the period, in the northern Great Plains on the lith, and in the middle and upper Mississippi Valley eastward to the Appalachians on the 12th were generally beneficial either for replenishing or maintaining soil moisture. Rainfall, however, was very light in much of the South, where more is needed locally, particularly in parts of Alabama and Georcia. The first snow of the season at International Falls, Minnesota, was observed on the 12th. Some snow was also reported in northern New England on the 16th. Cooler weather following the rains which moved across the northern portion of the Country during the week brought the season's first frost and freezing to some areas, such as northwestern and eastern Kansas, northern Missouri, northeastern Okiahoma, and locally in western Virginia, ‘Temperatures averaged 3° to 50 below normal in the middle Mississippi and Ohio Valleys and Southeast, along the West Coast and in Washington and the Columbia River Basin. The week was warmer than normal elsewhere, with departures ranging from 5° to 7° in the Rocky Mountain region and Northeast, The week's precipitation outside the area of heavy rains in the Northeast totaled over an inch along the lower east coast of Florida and in western portions of Kentucky and Tennessee, and ina large area extending from the lower Mississippi Valley to the Great Lakes. Light amounts fell in other northern areas, exc ept moderate to heavy amounts on the north Pacific Coast, while the lower Great Plains and Southwest received little or no rain at all. (Summary Supplied by U.S. Weather Bureau), WEATHER outlook on page 982. -971- GRASSHOPPERS - IDAHO - Populations of Melanopius mexicanus light bus general throughout Athol area in northern section. Scattered areas showed 2-3 per square yard. (Barr, Gittins). NW MEXICO - Heavy or. 35-80, O00 acres of rangeland in the Capitan-Tinnie-Arabela area of Lincoln County. Another heavy infestation reported on 150, OOO acres of rangeland in Socorro, Sierra and Catron Counties. ‘Durkkin, Ocwny): SOUTH DAKOTA - Survey for eggs completed in northeast. About 75-90 percent of eggs deposited are M, femur-rubrum. Areas vary from light to threatening in Marshali, Roberts, Grant and Deuel Counties. (Lofgren, Hantsbarger). OKLAHOMA - Reported as dam- aging fall-seeded small grains in the wheat-growing section. (Flora). M. mexicanus in western and panhandle counties averages 4-8 per square yard. Damage to newly-sowed fall grains, requiring planting in some areas. Many farmers treating margins of fields. (Coppock). EUROPEAN CORN BORER (Pyrausta nubilalis) - NEBRASKA - Infestations 20-100 percent in central counties; 39-100 percent along eastern counties; and 20-100 percent in north central area. (Andersen). KANSAS - Fall survey showed following average infestations: 1.7 per- cent with 1.7 borers per 100 stalks in Clay County; 1.8 percent with 2, 4 borers per 100 stalks in Pottawatomie County. Cioud and Ottawa Coun- ties showed no infestation. (Matthew). SOUTH DAKOTA - Pall survey completed for northeast district comprising Marshall, Roberts, Day, Grant, Clark, Hamlin, Codington and Deuel Counties. Average infes- tation was 68 percent, with 108 borers per 100 plants. (Lofgren, Hantsbarger), NORTH DAKOTA - Fail survey showed an average of 82.5 percent infestation in Cass County, with an average of 108 larvae per 100 plants. In Richland County, 98.2 percent infested plants with 157 larvae per 100 plants. (N.D. Ins. Rept. Serv. ). k ILLINOIS - Heaviest infestations in northern half of State. Averagetor State 282 borers per 100 plants compared with 182 in 1954. (Petty, Cet. 3). ALABAMA - Fifth instar larvae present in corn, grain, sorghum and pimento peppers in northern area. Particularly abundant in grain sorghum. (Eden). Collected in Etowah County by Thompson and Haynes. (Arant). VIRGINIA - Survey revealed average number of larvae per 100 stalks by county: Rockbridge 35; Augusta 329; Rocking- ham 311; Shenandoah 197; and Frederick 224. (Perry). SOUTHWESTERN CORN BORER (Diatraea grandiosella) - MISSOURI - Fall survey shows seven extreme southwestern counties with infesta- tions ranging from 2-10 percent. Counties with overwintering larvae include Stone, Barry, McDonald, Newton, Lawrence, Jasper and Barton. (Kyd, Thomas). KANSAS - Infestations in Ottawa County ranged from 8-16 percent and less than four percent in Clay and Cloud Counties. (Matthew). -972- FALL ARMYWORM (Laphygma frugiperda) - OKLAHOMA - Quite abundant in alfalfa in southwestern, central and northwestern counties. Reported injuring newly~planted alfalfa in Alfalfa and Woods Counties, small grain in Canadian, Garvin and Oklahoma Counties. (Coppock). LOUISIANA ~- Infestations of 1-3 per square yard in one oat field in , each of East Baton Rouge and East Feliciana Parishes. (Oliver). MISSISSIPPI - Damage to oats in Humphreys, Leflore, Lincoln, Yalobusha and other counties. (Bennett). CHINCH BUG (Blissus leucopterus) - NEBRASKA - Light infestation still persists in corn in east central area. Counts average 43 per ten stalks. (Andersen). CREENBUG (Toxoptera graminum) - TEXAS - Light infestations on volunteer wheat in Deaf Smith and Castro Counties. (Daniels). ARMY CUTWORM (Chorizagrotis auxiliaris) - TEXAS - Light infesta- tions on wheat in Deaf Smith County. (Daniels). (ee weeny ORMS - SOUTH CAROLINA - Infesting peanuts at Clemson. Berly). CORN LEAF APHID (Rhopalosiphum maidis) - UTAH - Causing con- spicuous damage to barley at Kanab. (Knowlton). NEBRASKA - Very abundant throughout corn-growing areas. Feeding mainly on stalks. (Andersen). MITES - UTAH - Late season damage to corn and sorghum in Washington County. (Hughes). NORTHERN MASKED CHAFER (Cyclocephala borealis) - OHIO - Severe infestations have appeared in lawns and other grass areas throughout northeastern section. (Neiswander). MARYLAND - Larvae average six per square foot in lawn and causing some damage at College Park, Prince Georges County. (U. Md., Ent. Dept. ). YELLOW-STRIPED ARMYWORMS (Prodenia sp.) - UTAH - Moderate infestation in alfalfa at Santa Clara, Washington County. (Knowlton). RHODES-GRASS SCALE (Antonina graminis) - TEXAS - Light infes- tation in undisturbed St. Augustine grass along house foundation in Denton County. (Chada). -9'73 = —— ee ee ne tee ce ees ee ed ee ee lations was conducted in 8 areas. From 12 to 39 fields in each were swept with a 15~inch net, 50 sweeps per field. Adults were counted, and an average of one per sweep was considered evidence that an econom- ic population would occur next spring. The chart shows the average - adults per sweep for each area. The average from the 1954 survey 1s also given. In general, the heaviest infestation followed a pattern simi- lar to that in 1954, Economic infestations will occur in 50 to 75 percent of all legume hay fields in a broad area extending diagonally across the State from northeast to southwest. The south central region will have from 10 to 25 percent of all fieids that will warrant treatment. new northwest and the western shores of Lake Erie will have few fields with sufficient spittlebugs to warrant treatment. The most notable change in the infestation lieve: occurred in the northeastern area, where adults per sweep dropped from more than 2 to about 1. Even with this decline a majority of the fields will require treatment. (Weaver, Goleman). ar ae ye | ae ONAS Bee a 208 AOR) gael 0.41 0.7 ze 1.60 | | 2.19 : | a8 ; ! One . ome j J 1,13 0.77 0, 5G 0, 50 Rubi 3 ; ; Adults per sweep dpe =-974— SPOTTED ALFALFA APHID - UTAH - Now found in Morgan County. Increased markedly in many counties. Counts from 0.1-16 per sweep in northern counties, usually higher in central counties, and 2-50 per sweep in Washington, Kane and Iron Counties, with damage apparent at Kanab where foliage is very sticky. In Juab County third crop alfalfa yield often reduced by 50 percent, but no control was applied. (Knowlton). NEBRASKA - Considerable Gamage south of Cozad. Populations too numerous to count. Black fungus prevalent throughout the area. (Hill). A very light infestation still around O'Neill, Holt County. Counts 5-12 per 25 sweeps in northeast area. (Andersen). KANSAS - Survey of alfalfa fields in Clay, Cloud, Oitawa and Pottawatomie Counties Showed aphid counts from 2-140 per 20 sweeps. Alfalfa fields in the Republican River Valley in northern Cloud County had up to 70 per Sweep. Predators quite low in all fields examined and no parasites found. (Matthew). OKLAHOMA - Has declined in numbers in alfalfa in Payne County. (Fenton). MISSOURI - Light numbers on alfalfa over all southwestern quarter of State. Counts ranged from 1.0 to 4. 2 per Sweep. Infestations increased with the amount of alfalfa growth. Counties infested were Stone, Barry, McDonald, Newton, Jasper, Lawrence, Christian, Green, Dade, Barton, Vernon, Cedar, Polk, Dallas, Hickory, St. Clair, Bates, Henry, Benton, Morgan, Moniteau, Cooper, Pettis, Johnson, Cass, Lafayette, Saline and Howard. (Kyd, Thomas). TEXAS - Light widespread infestations on alfalfa in Deaf Smith, Potter and Castro Counties. (Daniels). ILOUISIANA - Populations have greatly declined*in Bossier and Natchitoches Parishes. (Oliver). ARKANSAS ~- Collections made on alfalfa in Washington County October 12. (Warren), PEA APHID (Macrosiphum pisi) - MISSOURI - A few present in all fields, averaging 1-3 per sweep. One field in Cass County averaged 10 per sweep. (Kyd, Thomas). NEBRASKA - Small numbers in legumes in northeast area of the State. Counts 3-8 per 25 sweeps. (Andersen). THREE-CORNERED ALFALFA HOPPER (Spissistilus festinus) - SOUTH CAROLINA - Causing yellowing of alfalfa in several alfalfa fields in vicinity of Spartanburg, (Nettles, Oct. 12). ALABAMA - Infesting alfalfa and causing economic damage. (Arant). LOUISIANA - Populations have declined considerably during past few weeks, possibly due to cutting of alfalfa and to fungus. Counts 50-150 per 100 sweeps in Natchitoches, Bossier and Rapides Parishes. (Oliver). MISSOURI - Light to moderate numbers on alfalfa over southeast quarter and extreme southwest corner with southern two tiers of counties most heavily in- fested. Sweepings in Stone and Barry Counties averaged 1.5 to 2.5 adults and nymphs per sweep and about 23 percent of stems showed feed- ing damage. (Kyd, Thornas), OKLATIOMA - Average 3.3 per sweep on alfalfa in Garvin County. (Coppock). *on alfalfa -975- SEED-CORN MAGGOT (Hylemya cilicrura} - OKLAHOMA - Averages 8-12 per ten sweeps in alfaifa in Woods end Pottawatomie Counties. (Coppock), PLANT BUGS - IDAHO - Lyqus spp. up to four per sweep on volunteer stands of alfalfa in northern Latah County. (Barr, Gittins). UTA - Lyaus bugs still very numerous, particularly in southern counues, especially on alfalfa, (Knowlton’, NEBRASKA - Lyqus lineolaris counts 5-12 per 25 sweeps in the northeastern area, (Andersen). POTATO LEAFHOPPER (Empoasce fabae) - OKLAHOMA - Declined some, but still one of the most irnportant svecies in alfalfa in Payne County, (Fenton), eee a LS GREEN JUNE BEETLE (Cotinis nitida) - VIRGINIA - Larvae heavy in a pasture in Floyd County (Talley) and in an alfalta field in Botetourt County (eueneD, } BLISTER BEETLES (Epicauta sp.) - ALABAMA - Causing economic damage to alfalfa. (Arant), CLOVER SEED CHALCID (Bruchophaqus gibbus) - OKLAHOMA - Most ae en species in Payne County, where alfalfa was allowed to seed. Fenton). FRUIT INSECTS _ CODLING MOTH (Carpocapsa pomonella) - UTAH - Infesting about 35 percent of apples in small orchards of Garfield County. (Knowlton). SHOT-HOLE BORER (Scolytus rugqulosus) - UTAH - Some apricot trees at Hurricane are dying and being severely attacked. (Hughes). MISSISSIPPI - Damage to peach trees reported from Coahoma and Quitman Counties. (Hutchins). PEACH TREE BORERS - (a Mal Have damaged many peach and almond trees in Washington County this fall. (Hughes, Knowlton). -976- GRAPE BERRY MOTH (Polychrosis viteana) - UTAH - Infestation in Washington County has been considerably lower than in 1953-54. (Knowlton, Hughes). PALL WEBWORM (Hyphantrie cunea) - LOUISIANA - Continues to intest and defoliate pecan trees over entire State. Several complaints of infestations in azaleas. (Oliver), BLACK PECAN APHID (Melanocailis caryaefoliae) - LOUISIANA - Infesting several thousand pecan trees in northern area. (Oliver). APHIDS - UTAH - Causing moderate damage to pecan foliage in Washington County. (Knowlton). SQUASH BUG (Anasa tristis) - SOUTH DAKOTA - From second or third instars to adults appearing in numbers from 25-100 feeding on immature squash in Brookings area after frost killed vines. (Spawn). MARYLAND - Heavy infestations on acorn squash and pumpkins, Millersville, Anne Arundel County. (U. Md., Ent. Dept.). PICKLEWORM (Diaphania nitidalis) - SOUTH CAROLINA - Caused Serious injury to untreated cantaloupes in Charleston County. About 75 percent of fruits infested and moderate infestations in untreated cucuinbers, (Cuthbert, Oct. 5). CUCUMBER BEETLES - SOUTH DAKOTA - From 25-100 on squash in Brookings area. (Spawn). WHITE GRUBS - UTAH - Causing some damage to potato tubers in Cedar Valley, Iron County. (Sjoblom). POTATO TUBERWORM (Gnorimoschema operculella) - UTAH - No infestations found in surveys in State up to October 11. (Knowlton, Hutchings, Co. Agents). POTATO PSYLLID (Paratrioza cockerelli) - UTAH - Quite abundant on rabbitbrush in some areas since potato vines have frozen. (Knowlton). TURNIP APHID (Rhopalosiphum pseudobrassicae) - LOUISIANA - Lightly infesting turnips in West Baton Rouge and East Feliciana Parishes. (Oliver). SEED-CORN MAGGOT (Hylemya cilicrura) - OKLAHOMA - No eggs or larvae found on spinach foliage in experimental plots at Bixby. (Walton). -977- A ROOT APHID (Thecabius sp.) - WASHINGTON - Causing heavy losses to some stands of lettuce in Puyallup Valley. Head lettuce wilted from underground feeding of aphids. (Howitt). LEAFHOPPERS - UTAH - Several species extremely abundant on young suger beets planted for seed in Washington County fields. From 3-10 percent with curly top. (Knowlton). IMPORTED CABBAGEWORM (Pieris rapae) - SOUTH CAROLINA - Light to moderate and increasing izfestations on cabbage in Charleston County. (Cuthbert, Oct, 5). CUTWORMS - UTAH - Have damaged young beets intended for next year's seed crop in one area southeast of Washington. (Hughes). BEET ARMYWORM (Laphygma exiqua) - NEW MEXICO = In lettuce fields in Dona Ana County. (ome, @cr): CABBAGE LOOPER (Trichoplusie ni) - SOUTH CAROLINA - Moderate infestations on cabbage in Charleston County. (Cuthbert, Oct. 5). NEW MEXICO - Light to medium infestations in lettuce in Dona Ana County. (Durkin, Oct. 7). FULLER ROSE BEETLE (Pantomorus godmani) - VIRGINIA - Injuring snap beans and potatoes to a considerable extent on Eastern Shore, and necessitating control. (Brubaker, Greenwood, Hoimaster, Oct): BEAN LEAF ROLLER (Urbanus proteus) - SOUTH CAROLINA - Gee infestation on snap beans in Charleston County. (Cuthbert, Gite Bo). CORN EARWORM (Heliothis armigera) - ARKANSAS - Infestations appearing on snap beans in northwestern area and in iocal instances erp wore abandoned due to severe damage. ans eee - s n complex with Laphyqma frugiperda infesting pimento peppers. (fant), VIRGINIA - One grower on Eastern Shore had his lettuce crop graded so low that he abandoned the crop, valued at $15, 000 if not damaged by this pest. (Greenwood, Brubaker, Hofmaster, Oct. 7). SWEETPOTATO LEAF ROLLER (Pilocrocis tripunctata) - ALABAMA ~ Causing economic damage to sweetpotatoes. (Arant). ONION MAGGOT (Hylemya antiqua) - OREGON - Third brood flies very active and still laying eggs as of October 13 in the Portiand suburb market garden area, icrouene WASHINGTON - Causing severe losses to fall plantings of onion in western area. (Howitt). OG AN OKRA CATERPILLAR (Anomis erosa) - ALABAMA - Causing economic damage to okra. {Arani). GREEN JUNE BEETLE (Cotinis nitida) - MARYLAND - Larvae rooting up soi: in tobacco beds being prepared for next year's crop in Prince Georges County. (U. Md., Ent. Dept. ). LEAF MINERS - SOUTH CAROLINA - Twenty-five acres of tomatoes severely infested near Spartanburg. (Ferree, Oct. 12). Injurious populations of Liriomyza spp. in some cucumber plantings in Charles- ton County. (Cuthbert, Oct. 5). A PSYLLID (Trioza tripunctata) - PENNSYLVANIA = Very abundant on blackberry in a plantation in Blair County. Deposit of wax filaments along vine on ground. (Udine). COTTON LEAFWORM (Alabama argillacea) - ARKANSAS - Flights have occurred over most of the State, No damage reported. (Warren). IPS BARK BEETLES (Ips spp.) - MISSISSIPPI - Damage to pine trees reported from Wayne County on October 6. (Hutchins). SMALLER EUROPEAN ELM BARK BEETLE (Scolytus multistriatus) - RHODE ISLAND - Many larvae present in dead and dying elm limbs in Hamilton, (Kantack). oS ee eS eee eee ee eee Se Se ee See ee IPS BEETLES failed to do much damage beyond normal amounts. Slight increase in activity in the Crossett area. Increased activity of BLACK TURPENTINE BEETLE throughout southern pine belt as far north as Logan and Pope Counties. Not expected to reach serious proportions. RED-HEADED PINE SAWFLY activity has practically ceased after a season of high activity. (Ark. Forestry Comm. ). WHITE-PINE SAWFLY (Neodiprion pinetum) - NORTH CAROLINA - Infestations on white pines pupating in Ashe County. (Farrier). OAK LEAF MINERS (Cameraria spp.) - NEW YORK - Complex of C. cincinnatiella and C. hamadryadella caused severe defoliation of white, black, red and chestnut oaks at Harriman, central Orange County, Sloatsburg, Rockland County, and at Lloyds Neck and Huntington on the north shore of Long Island. (Winslow, Sept. 28). -979— A WILLOW APHID (Pterocomma smithae) - PENNSYLVANIA - Very abundant on willow branches in Centre County. (Udine). SCALE INSECTS - VIRGINIA - Wax scales and cottony-cushion scale infesting many ornamentals in eastern area, (Brubaker, Greenwood, Hofmaster), FLORIDA - A nigra scale (Saissetia nigra) averages 100 per stem of hibiscus at Wilton Manors, Broward County (Soowal) and ey infesting ten of 100 plants at Lakeland, Polk County (Wesson). GIANT HORNET (Vespa crabro germana) - PENNSYLVANIA - Several reports of damage to lilac in Bradford Couniy. (Gesell). AN OLEANDER CATERPILLAR (Syntomeida epialis) - FLORIDA - Abundant on oleander and causing defoliation at Welaka, Putnam County. (Det. L, A. Hetrick), (Denmark). SOUTHERN ARMYWORM (Prodenia eridania) - FLORIDA - Average ee Cai feet of row in gladiolus at Rockledge, Brevard County. Coston). INSECTS AFFECTING MAN AND ANIMALS CATTLE LICE - UTAH - Increasing on cattle in several counties. Highest numbers in Kane County. (Rose, Knowlton). COMMON CATTLE GRUB (Hypoderma lineatum) - OKLAHOMA - Twenty percent of all cattle examined in central area had one or more grubs in the back. (Howell). EAR TICK (Otobius meqnini) - OKLAHOMA - Widespread, averagi 20-50 per ear in western area and 5-10 in the eastern area. (Howell). HORN FLY (Siphona irritans) - OKLAHOMA - Numerous on cattle in Wilburton area, Latimer County. (Flora). MOSQUITOES - NORTH CAROLINA - Reported so severe in Sampson County that workers will not stay in fields. Numerous equine and one human case of encephalitis reported. (Jones). SCREW-WORM (Callitroga hominivorax) - OKLAHOMA - Numerous on cattle in Wilburton area, Latimer County. (Flcra). -9380- QL vv aval “eULULOb “OTWUY OQ) T "ulnb @]XOS “SOIIA 901ed0}01qg Wve LOST L96 LVS L8E v6l 6S LL SI 86 Tg 6h G8 ‘ds | &6 uoptisdk -‘drbnay Yee, ye sderzy sei1yy ZULSG/OIL Arewmobywuoyy (4juN0D) CNVTIANVIN i eusely XOUy OT pue_iequing uosjTEqoy 6& Aarneyy QOUdIMe T uOSTpeYT 79 G/OT-08/6 Aqieys (S8nUN0D) ANSSHNNAL 19 ¥PI/OI-81/6 aTTAS ese 4 6hZ G/OT-ST/6 JEUIe /\ 4 §1/0T-91/6 using ues 9F ZI/0I-SI/6 qazehyqnysg 9 §1/01-82/6 edoy SYSNVMUV OT VI-T/OT uTpued J v V1-8/0T ebnoy “_ O12 PI-S/Ol «x UeTTeL VNVISINOT QL SLR OT/Ol UotreIS9 abeTloD SVXEL PL-LI/OL ueyyeyuey L/O01-0&/6 shey TI-9/0T AID uepszey SVSNVS *undtun eNpa Stosmby ‘bAydey [epnesq a a a aS a a a —— —— —— SS * —— — —— — ‘bimsze “iayqns STUJOTISH, SNOLLOHTIOO dVaL LAST ¢ -931- BENEFICIAL INSECTS Se ee ee ee ee ee ee ee PREDACIOUS BEETLES - LOUISIANA - Hippodamia convergens in complex with Collops balteatus numerous in alfalfa in Bossier and Natchitoches Parishes. (Oliver). KLAMATHWEED BEETLES (Chrysolina spp.) - IDAHO - C. gemellata and C, hyperici have become very abundant on klamathweed plots in Kootenai County following rains. Some egg deposition by C. hyperici at an experimental site near Athol. (Barr, Gittins). STORED PRODUCTS INSECTS ee oe ee ee ee ee ee ee ee RICE WEEVIL (Sitophilus oryza) - ALABAMA - Smaller nurbers than usual in corn in southern area. (Arant). SS ee Ent. Dept. ). ANGOUMOIS GRAIN MOTH (Sitotroga cerealella) - ALABAMA - Reported as present in smaller numbers than usual in corn in southern area, (Arant), TOBACCO MOTH (Ephestia elutella) - NORTH CAROLINA - Light infestations in packhouses in Green and Wayne Counties but moderate in Wilson with fumigation necessary in some instances. (Jones). A MURKY MEAL CATERPILLAR (Aglossa cuprealis) - NORTH mo - Local infestation in stored tobacco in Columbus County. Jones). MISCELLANEOUS BOXELDER BUGS (Leptocoris trivittatus) - VIRGINIA - Large numbers on boxelder trees and on houses in many areas of State. (Morris et al). eo NP - Annoying home owners in Baltimore. (U. Md., Ent. Dept. ). OLD HOUSE BORER (Hylotrupes bajulus) - VIRGINIA - Damaging joists and studs in a new home in Christianburg. (Rowell). -932- f. FUNGUS DISEASE OF INSECTS MARYLAND - Diseased green cloverworms collected Septemver 15 in Dorchester County on soybeans discovered to be infected with the fungus Spicaria rileyi, which appears to be quite coramon this year. Epizootics were observed in the corn earworm, alfalfa looper and the cabbage looper, as well as the green cloverworm, in the Belts- ville area. This fungus appears to be quite virulent to those insects which are susceptible and appears to be a better biological control agent than known heretofore. (Thompson, ENT, ARS, and U. Md., Ent. Dept. ). WEATHER BUREAU!S 30-DAY OUTLOOK Mid-October to Mid-November 1955 The Weather Bureau's 30-day outlook for the period from mid-October to mid-November calls for temperatures to average above seasonal normals over western half of the nation, the upper Lakes, and the Northeast. Below normal temperatures are predicted for the south- eastern quarter of the country. Precipitation is expected to exceed normal in the Northeast and Pacific Northwest. In the remainder of the country surnormal amounts are predicted, except for near normal over the Great Lakes, southern Appalachians, and South Atlantic States. This report released by the Weather Bureau on October 14, 1955. Weather forecast given here is based on the official 30-day "Resume and Outiook", published twice a month by the Weather Bureau. You can subscribe through Superintendent of Documents, Washington 25, D.C. Price $4.80 a year, $2. 40 for six months. LA VOL. 5 No. 43 OCTOBER 28, 1955 SR cae Gill i Hy Cooperative ECONOMIC INSECT REPORT Issued by PLANT PEST CONTROL BRANCH 3 A ao AGRICULTURAL RESEARCH SERVICE Se UNITED STATES DEPARTMENT OF AGRICULTURE AGRICULTURAL RESEARCH SERVICE PLANT PEST CONTROL BRANCH ECONOMIC INSECT SURVEY SECTION The Cooperative Economic Insect Report is issued weekly as a service to American Agri- culture. Its contentsare compiled from informa- tion supplied by cooperating State, Federal, and industrial entomologists and other agricultural workers. In releasing this material the Branch serves as a clearing house and does not assume responsibility for accuracy of the material. Reports and inquiries pertaining to this release should be mailed to: Economic Insect Survey Section Plant Pest Control Branch Agricultural Research Service United States Department of Agriculture Washington 25, D. C. Volume 5 October 23, 1955 No. 43 COOP ERALLIV HUE CONOMIOMNe HC ia REPORT Highlights of Insect Conditions GRASSHOPPERS damaging margins of wheat fields in Harper County, Oklahoma. (p. 985). Sean CORN BORER found in several new counties in Arkansas. p. 985). feucce BORER infestation in Louisiana heavier than expected. p. 986). SPOTTED ALFALFA APHID damaging newly-seeded alfalfa in some areas of Oklahoma and active on this crop in several Arkansas counties. Build-up in Yuma area of Arizona. (pp. 987, 997). MEXICAN FRUIT FLY specimen collected at Tecate, Baja California, Mexico. Tecate is near the California border 30 miles east of Tijuana. (p. 989). COWPEA CURCULIO infestation in pole beans unusually heavy in south Florida. (p. 990). TURNIP APHID severe in some areas of Louisiana. (p. 990). PINK BOLLWORM surveys show increase over last year in east Texas and in most counties inspected in Oklahoma, but no infestations have been found this year outside the quarantine area, (p. 991). SCREW-WORM outbreak severe in some west central counties of North Carolina. Flies numerous in Lincoln County area of Oklahoma. (p. 993). TOBACCO MOTH of concern in east central North Carolina. (p. 995). STATES reporting this week - 28, 26 AR 2 A fe 2 AEE Ag OK 8 EK AE EC He OK OK List of Cooperative Survey Entomologists. (p. 998). BE IE KS 2K 28 Ig 2S 2 IC HE 2g eg 2k 26 KI 2K 2K 2S 2 2 Reports in this issue are for the week ending October 21, 1955, unless otherwise designated. 984- WEATHER FOR THE WEEK ENDING OCTOBER 24, 1955 Mostly fair weather, favorable for harvesting and fall seeding, and the passing in rapid succession of cold air masses across the Country, which brought the lowest temperatures of the season, characterized the weather of the week. A cold air mass moved across the southeast quadrant of the Nation from the 18th to the 21st, reducing minimum temperatures into the 30's and 40's and maxima into the 50's and 60's in the interior of the Gulf States. : An area of high pressure crossed the northeastern quarter of the Country on the 21st, 22nd, 23rd, dropping minimum temperatures into the 20's or lower. A weekend low of 18° was reported in the cranberry bogs of New Jersey. The last and most extensive cold air influx of the week overspread the western two-thirds of the Nation on Saturday and Sunday and the Atlantic Coastal States on Monday. On Monday morning below-ireezing minima were reported by nearly all stations between the Cascade and Sierra Nevada Mountains ana the Mississippi River as far south as the northern portions of Arizona, New Mexico, Texas, Oklahoma, and Arkansas. Ely, Nevada and Amarillo, Texas had lows of 15° and 29°, respectively. Light to moderate precipitation fell over the Northeast during the first half of the week as a result of a lingering low pressure area of the pre- ceding week, and additional light rain fell on Monday during the passage of a cold front. Light to occasionally moderate precipitation also fell in most of the remainder of the northern half of the Country over the weekend, some of which was in the form of snow in the northern Rockies and the western Great Plains. Temperatures were unseasonably high in the far West until the weekend. Burns, Oregon recorded a late season high of 799 on the 17th; and Pocatello, Idaho, 82° and Billings, Montana, 83° on the 18th. Average temperatures for the week were above and below normal west and east of lines joining Memphis, Tennessee, with Williston, North Dakota and Del Rio, Texas, respectively. Plus departures were 6° to 9° in the central and southern Rockies. The greatest minus departures were 6° to 8° along the Gulf and Atlantic Coasts (Summary Supplied by U. S. Weather Bureau). ~985- CEREAL AND FORAGE INSECTS GRASSHOPPERS - UTAH - Largely Melanoplus femur-rubrut and M. mexicenus still abundant in many northern alfalfa fields. (Knowlton). ee er eee ees IDAHO ~ Grasshoppers, probably M, mexicanus, causing marginal damage to a field of fall-sown wheat in Lewis County. Severe damage extends over about an acre. Populations concentrated along fence- rows where egg deposition is still in progress. (Manis). SOUTH DAKOTA - Eagg survey in southeastern counties substantiate survey for adults; light scattered infestations of M, femur-rubrum in legumes. (Lofgren, Hantsbarger). OKLAHOMA - Many wheat field margins in Harper County being stripped as much as 50 feet into the fieid by M. mexicanus. (Owen). CALIFORNIA - In September, total loss of pasture of barley and birdsfoot trefoil on about five square miles of Marin County. Heaviest infestation in recent years in that county. (Cal. Coop. Rept. ). EUROPEAN CORN BORER (Pyrausta nubilalis) - NORTH DAKOTA - Fall abundance survey showed percent infestation with number of borers per 100 plants by county as follows: Grand Forks and Traiil, 76 percent and 69 borers per 100 planis; Cass and Richland, 90 and 133: Ransom and Sargent, 63 and 17; LaMoure, Dickey, McIntosh, Logan, Emmons, 33 and6. (N.D. Ins. Rept. Serv.). SOUTH DAKOTA - Average of 90 percent of plants infested with 241 borers per 100 plants in Hutchinson, Turner, Lincoln, Bon Homme, Yankton, Clay and Union Counties. (Lofgren, Hantsbarger). NEBRASKA - Infestation of 36-100 percent with average of 188 borers per 100 plants in the area of Custer, Wheeler, Garfield, Loup, Howard, reeley, Sherman and Valley Counties. (Andersen). KANSAS - Abundance survey showed 40 percent infestation with 60 borers per 100 plants in Leavenworth County and 27 and.46 in Wyandoite County. (Matthew). ARKANSAS - Light infestations found in five fields in Yell, Logan, Pope and Franklin Counties. First records from these counties, (Warren). VIRGINIA - Average number of borers per 100 stalks by county: Clarke 375, Loudoun 195, Fairfax 64, Fauquier LS, Culpeper 152. Number of larvae per 100 stalks for ten northern counties was 204. (Morris). FALL ARMYWORM (Laphygma frugiperda) - OKLAHOMA - Causing considerable damage in rye grass lawns in Oklahoma City and small damage in Bermuda grass. (Rogers). LOUISIANA - Several light infes- tations continue in East Baton Rouge, Fast Feliciana, St. Helena and West Feliciana Parishes. (Oliver). FLORIDA - Infesting nearly every small sweet corn plant at LaBelle, Hendry County, October ll. Averaging 10 per square foot of grass at Bradenton, Manatee County, October 11. (Det. E.G. Kelsheimer). (Denmark). JEO SOUTHWESTERN CORN BORER (Diatraea yrandioselia) - KANSAS - No evidence of infestation in Leavenwortn or Wyandotte Counties. (Matthew). ARKANSAS - Of 21 fields examined in Pope, Johnson, Franklin, Yell, Logan, Crawford and Washington Counties, 11 had J-9 percent infestation, five had 10-19, three had 20-30, and two had 70-75. Heaviest infestations in Pope, Johnson and Yell Counties. (Warren), SUGARCANE BORER (Diatraea saccharalis) - LOUISIANA - Con- siderably heavier than expected. Second_and third generations built up materially. Losses from the pest expected to be heavy. (Oliver). SORGHUM MIDGE (Contarinia sorghicola) - LOUISIANA - Severe infestation in Natchitoches Parish. At least 60 percent of the grain in a 15-acre field of grain sorghum did not mature due to this insect. A somewhat less severe infestation in Tensas Parish, (Oliver). HESSIAN FLY (Phytophaga destructor) - KANSAS - Light infestation ina a of volunteer wheat in south central Marshall County. (Painter, Smith), BROWN WHEAT MITE (Petrobia latens) - UTAH - Highest population to October 15 was 96 mites per linear foot of row in wheat planted September 7 in western Salt Lake County. Most populations less than one mite per linear foot of row. (Lieberman). Populations in Sait Lake County, October 18, 10-100 per linear foot of row. Oviposition heavy. Damage conspicuous in fields with higher counts. (Lieberman, Knowlton). ; GROUND MEALYBUG (Rhizoecus falcifer) - OREGON - Attacking an 18-acre field of Merion bluegrass at Central Point. (Gentner). A MITE (Bediculopsis graminum) - OREGON - A probable vector of Silvertop disease of Chewings fescue in thé Springwater area. (Krantz). CORN EARWORM (Heliothis armigera) - ARKANSAS - Up to two per sweep in alfalfa and light in soybeans. (Warren). ALFALFA CATERPILLAR (Colias philodice eurytheme) - CALIFORNIA - Heavy infestations in alfalfa fields in Imperial County. Heavy infestation over Yolo County and light infestations in Kern County. Report for September. (Cal. Coop. Rept. ). YELLOW-STRIPED ARMYWORMS (Prodenia spp.) - PENNSYLVANIA - These larvae destroyed seven acres of Augusi-seeded alfalfa in Montgomery County in late September and early October. (Menusan). CALIFORNIA - Medium infestation of these armyworms county-wide in Yolo County in September. (Cal. Coop. Rept.). 987 LESSER CORNSTALK BORER (Elasmopalpus lignoselius) - TEXAS - Heavy, local infestetions on peanuts in Caldwell County. Large numbers of iarvae in peanuts during threshing. (Lindsey). TWO-SPOTTED SPIDER MITE (Tetranychus telarius) - CALIFORNIA - Infestations light to heavy in alfalfa in Stanislaus County in September. Infested corn in Tehama County in September. (Cal. Coop. Rept. ). SPOTTED ALFALFA APHID - Since the discovery of the aphid out- break on alfalfa in New Mexico in early 1954, the species involved in this and other States on this host has been referred to as the yellow clover aphid (Myzocallis trifolii) in the Cooperative Economic Insect Report, The taxonomy of this aphid has been undergoing detailed study, however, and until a generally accepted scientific name is adopted for the form on alfalfa, the Report will carry all notes on it under "Spotted Alfalfa Aphid." .... KANSAS - Infesting nearly ail alfalfa fields ex- amined with counts 2-45 per 20 sweeps in Linn, Allen, Wilson, Elk and Cowley Counties. Predators, lady beetles, lacewings and nabids from 1-12 per 20 sweeps. (Matthew), OKLAHOMA - Populations building up rapidly in newly-seeded alfalfa of Murray County. Some stands killed which showed very light infestations the previous week. (Flora!. Average over 110 per sweep in alfalfa in Johnston and Carter Counties, Low populations in most central and eastern counties. _ (Coppec's}. ARKANSAS = Infesting 16 of 17 alfalfa fields examined in Yell, Pope, Logan, Johnson, Franklin, Crawford, Washington and Benton Counties. Counts from a few to 200-250 per 20 sweeps, with the heaviest infestations in Logan County. Infestations presumed to have appeared in areas in late August or September. (Warren). APHIDS ON LEGUMES - NEBRASKA ~- Populations very low in Hitchcock, Red Willow, Furnas and Webster Counties. Counts 0-10 per 25 sweeps. Many predators present. Populations moderate in Platte River Valley. . Counts 10-50 per 25 sweeps. One field in Dawson County south of Cozad still had well over 200 per sweep. None in south- eastern area. (Connin). Moderate infestation in Loup Valley. Counts from 50-100 per 25 sweeps. (Andersen). LEAF HOPPERS - OKLAHOMA - Common in early fall-seeded small grain in central and eastern counties. Average 5-7 per square yard in early~sowed wheat in Oklahoma County. (Coppock). UTAH - From 1-3 Dikraneura carneola per linear foot of drill row in fall-planted wheat in Salt Lake County. (Knowlton). THREE-CORNERED ALFALFA HOPPER (Spissistilus festinus) - ARKANSAS = From 10-125 per 20 sweeps in alfalfa. (Warren). +983 - SWEETCLOVER WEEVIL (Sitona cylindricoilis) - NEBRASKA - Ranges a from 1-2 per 50 sweeps in southeastern aree and 4-6 per 25 sweeps around Columbus in Platte County. {Connin, Andersen). A SEED CHALCID - UTAH - Damage noted in alfalfa seed fields in several areas. (Knowlton). PEA APHID (Macrosiphum pisi; - UTAH - Scarce to moderately numerous in northern counties; up to 3 per sweep. (Knowlton). NEBRASKA. - Populations building up again in Platte River Valley. Counts 50-100 per 25 sweeps. In Republican and Loup River Vaileys counts 25-50 per 25 sweeps. (Connin, Andersen). GREEN JUNE BEETLE (Cotinis nitida) - VIRGINIA - In complex with white grubs heavy in alfalfa field in Patrick County. (Olinger). GREEN CLOVERWORM (Plathypena scabra) - ARKANSAS - Has caused up to 50 percent defoliation of late soyoeans in upper Arkansas River Valley. (Warren). CUTVWORMS - OKLAHOMA - Populations exceed one per square yard in alfalfa in some areas of Carter County and causing extensive damage. (Flora), CLOVER ROOT CURCULIO (Sitona hispidula) - NEBRASKA - From 2-3 per 50 sweeps of alfalfa in southeastern area. (Connin). WASHINGTON - Adults have built up to 61 per 100 sweeps on white clover in the Pullman area. Mating. (Johansen). BEET ARMYWORM (Laphygma exiqua) - CALIFORNIA - Outbreak numbers in San Diego County in September. Damage to 50 percent in spots in fields of alfalfa, corn, celery, peppers, other vegetables, and gladiolus. (Cal. Coop. Rept. ). A WHITE-FRINGED BEETLE {Graphognathus peregrinus) - MISSISSIPPI - First record of collection in Newton County, (Fancher). FRUIT INSECTS APPLE AND THORN SKELETONIZER (Anthophila pariana) - OREGON - Adults now in flight and very abundant on poorly- or unsprayed apple trees and common in houses, Corvallis area. (Ritcher). TWO-SPOTTED SPIDER MITE (Tetranychus telarius) - CALIFORNIA - A general infestation in pear orchards reported in Sacramento County in September. (Cal. Coop. Rept. ). - 989 - GREEN PEACH APHID (Myzus persicae) - WASHINGTON - Migrating back to peach trees at Wawawai. No eggs observed yet. (Johansen). A STINK BUG (Euschistus conspersus) - CALIFORNIA - Most un- treated orchards showed considerable damage during September. (Cal. Coop. Rept. ). WOOLLY APPLE APHID (Eriosoma lanigerum) - IDAHO - Moderately heavy flights observed in Moscow area. (Gittins). WALNUT CATERPILLAR ({Datana integerrima) - LOUISIANA - Infest- ing several hickory trees in Claiborne Parish. (Oliver). ee ae ea ee a ee ee es a ee PURPLE SCALE activity increased with 93 percent of groves infested. Highest activity in Ridge district. FLORIDA RED SCALE activity in- creased sharply during week and near an all-time high, and by far the highest recorded for October, with 75 percent in the young stages. Average infestation has more than doubled in past two weeks. Expected to increase further and remain high for at least a month. Activity highest in Ridge and Indian River districts. CITRUS RUST MITE in- creased in activity, with 81 percent of groves infested, and will remain at a high level through November. Fruit infestations (22.6 percent) 7 are extremely high for October. Highest activity was in Bartow, Ridge, and upper East Coast districts. CITRUS RED MITE increased in ac- tivity, with 49 percent of groves infested. Expected to increase further. Highest activity in Brooksville district. (Pratt, Thompson, Johnson). MEXICAN FRUIT FLY (Anastrepha ludens) - MEXICO - Adult male trapped at Tecate, Baja California, October 14. Tecate is located on the Mexico-California border about 30 miles east of Tijuana. (Cit. Blackfly and Mex. Fruit Fly Cont. Proj. Rept., Oct. 1-15). TRUCK CROP INSECTS CORN EARWORM (Heliothis armigera) - FLORIDA - Causing 15-20 percent damage in 50 acres of beans in Alachua County. (Hunter). VIRGINIA - Continues to infest snap beans and lima beans in eastern area. (Brubaker, Greenwood, Hofmaster). BEAN LEAF ROLLER (Urbanus proteus) - FLORIDA - Larvae caus- ing serious damage to about 50 acres of beans near Gainesville, Alachua County, Adults numerous. (Det. W. P. Hunter). Average about six per leaf of cowpeas at Bereah, Polk County. (Det. J. A. Haddox). (Denmark). -990- COWPEA CURCULIO (Chalcodermus aeneus) - FLORIDA - Infesting most early pole beans at Homestead, Dade County, and growers ex- pected to lose some of the early crop. Worst infestation in ten years, (Det. D. O. Wolfenbarger). (Denmark). MEXICAN BEAN BEETLE (Epilachna varivestis) - FLORIDA - A few colonies found in a 50-acre bean field in Alachua County. (Hunter). NORTH CAROLINA - Moderate attacks on beans in gardens in Wake County. (Jones). VIRGINIA - Moderate damage to untreated snap beans and lima beans in eastern area. (Brubaker, Greenwood, Hofmaster). PEA WEEVIL (Bruchus pisorum) - WASHINGTON - A number of adults collected on ponderosa pines in Pullman area, apparently entering hibernation. (Johansen). POTATO TUBERWORN (Gnorimoschema operculella) - CALIFORNIA - Heavy damage to potatoes in Santa Barbara County in September. (Call) Coop: Rept), TOMATO PINWORM (Keiferia lycopersicella) - CALIFORNIA - Moderate infestations in tomato fields were reported in San Diego County in September. (Cal. Coop. Rept. ). CABBAGE LOOPER (Trichoplusia ni) - LOUISIANA - Continues to (ote si lai broccoli and cauliflower in the vegetable-growing area. Oliver). TURNIP APHID (Rhopalosiphum pseudobrassicae) - LOUISIANA - Very severe infestation in St. Charles, St. John the Baptist, and Tangipahoa Parishes, (Oliver). PICKLEWORM (Diaphania nitidalis) - FLORIDA - Causing five percent damage to 25 acres of squash in Alachua County. (Hunter). MELON APHID (Aphis gossypii) - CALIFORNIA - An increase in winter squash reported in Los Angeles County in September. (Cal. Coop. Rept. ). ARTICHOKE PLUME MOTH (Platyptilia carduidactyla) - CALIFORNIA - Damage to 15 percent was reported in artichoke fields in Monterey County and medium damage in Santa Barbara County in September. (CaliiCoopyeRept.). GREEN PEACH APHID (Myzus persicae) - VIRGINIA - Infesting some plantings of spinach to a considerable extent in eastern area, necessi- tating control. (Brubaker, Greenwood, Hofmaster). COTTON INSECTS i ee en ee ee re ee ee es ee ee Gin trash inspections completed in Alabama and Georgia with negative results. Negative also in Florida and South Carolina, inspected pre- light. In Arkansas, pink boilworm found in Little River, Hempstead, Lafayette and Logan Counties, with the first three counties a part of the original eight infested in Arkansas. Although east Texas counties and most counties where inspection has been cone in Oklahoma continue to show an increase in infestation over last year, results in other states are encouraging. No pink bollworms have been found outside the quar- antined area, and borderline counties within the quarantine have also been negative. (P.B. Cont. Proj. Rept. Oct. 1-15). COTTON LEAFWORM (Alabama argillacea) - OKLAHOMA - Causing almost complete defoliation of cotton in parts of Grady, Stephens, Payne and Jefferson Counties. An average of 10-20 larvae per plant in Jefferson County. Pupating. (Cesseder ARKANSAS - Heavy infes- tations in fields of upper Arkansas Valley. Decrease rapidly down the valley and are light to non-existent in Pope County. (Warren). Mites on Cotton See Se ee ee ee es ee ee CALIFORNIA - Lighter than usual in San Joaquin Valley. Some defoliation in Tulare County and moderate damage recently in Imperial County. (Cal. Coop. Rept., Sept.). NORTH CAROLINA - A survey to determine the species of mites on cotton showed the following by counties harvesting over 10,000 acres: Halifax, Tetranychus schcenei and T. atlanticus; Nash, T. telarius, T. atlanticus and letranychus sp.; Johnston, T. telarius; Wayne, ‘I. telarius; Harnett, Tetranychus sp. and T, atlanticus; Robeson, T. telarius; Scotland, 7, desertorum and T, telarius; Rowan, T. tumidus; Anson, TL tumidus, . telarius and 'Tetranychus sp.; Union, iT. atlanticus, Tetranychus sp. and — T. telarius; Cleveland, Tetranychus sp., ‘I. schoenei and T, telarius; Rutherford, T. telarius and I’. schoenei. (Farrier, Oct. 10). et 39 as 7 = ee ee ee ee ee FALL WEBWORM (Hyphantria cunea) - TEXAS - Caused defoliation on scattered sweetgum and hickories in Montgomery, Polk and San Jacinto Counties. (Young). LOUISIANA - Populations remain heavy and severe on pecan trees over State. (Oliver). CALIFORNIA OAKWORM (Phryaanidia californica) - CALIFORNIA - Heavy county-wide infestation on oak trees in September in San Mateo County and a light infestation in Marin County. (Cal. Coop. Rept. ). ELM LEAF BEETLE (Galerucella xanthomelaena) - CALIFORNIA - Light infestation in Marin County and unusual numbers in Sacramento County in September. (Cal. Coop. Rept.). TURPENTINE BEETLES (Dendroctonus spp.) - TEXAS - Caused death of pines on small areas in Angelina, Cherokee, Montgomery and Tyler Counties, (Young). A SCOLYTID (Xyleborus morstatti) - FLORIDA - Average two per twig of a large flowering dogwood tree at Oakland, Orange County. Almost all terminals killed. (Det. A.N. Tissot). (Nieland). RED-HEADED PINE SAWF LY (Neodiprion lecontei) - TEXAS - Reported on a two-year loblolly pine plantation and also on natural reproduction in San Augustine County. (Young). ORANGE-STRIPED OAKWORM (Anisota senatoria) - TEXAS - In combination with Heterocampa manteo is defoliating several thousand acres of oak trees in western Liberty, eastern Montgomery and northern Harris Counties. Black oak group more commonly attacked than the white oak group. No mortality expected. (Young). LOCUST BORER (Megacyllene robiniae) - NORTH CAROLINA - ae hues oa loss of isolated locust trees in Ashe County, Farrier). IPS BEETLES - TEXAS - Infestations causing mortality to pines in scattered locations of Anderson and Montgomery Counties. (Young). ALABAMA - Ips avulsus spreading from pine slash and killing tops of standing timber near Bellamy. (Arant), VIRGINIA - Recent surveys in Buckingham, Appomattox and Cumberland Counties show activity increased during August. (Morris, Va. For. Serv. ). TERMITES - MARYLAND - Damaging young poplar trees in Montgomery County and a house in Baltimore. (U. Md., Ent. Dept.). ~993- GIANT HORNET (Vespa crabro germana) - VIRGINIA - Killing lilacs and probably damaging fruit trees in one area of Scott County. Troublesome for two years on this farm. (Rowell). AZALEA LACE BUG (Stephanitis pyrioides) - PENNSYLVANIA - Numerous reports of damage to azaleas in southeastern areas, (Menusan). A FALSE SPIDER MITE (Brevipalpus essigi) - OREGON - Collected on fuchsia in Florence. (aanb) LILY WEEVIL (Agasphaerops nigra) - CALIFORNIA - Severe damage to lilies in some fields in Humboldt County in September. (Cal. Coop. Rept. }. A MEMBRACID (Umbonia crassicornis) - FLORIDA - Thousands per plant infesting pithecellobium and calliandra at Bradenton, Manatee County, October 11. (Det. E. G, Kelsheimer). Found on several other trees including mimosa, (Miller). ORIENTAL FRUIT MOTH (Grapholitha molesta) - SOUTH CAROLINA - Infesting pyrancantha in Lancaster County, (Cannon). A PSYLLA (Psylla floccosa) - CALIFORNIA - Heavy infestations on wild ceanothus in Descanso area of San Diego County. Alder is usual host. (Cal. Coop, Rept., Sept. ). INSECTS AFFECTING MAN AND ANIMALS | COMMON CATTLE GRUB (Hypoderma lineatum) - OKLAHOMA - om (3 ee examined in McAlester County, 27 percent had grubs. (Coppock), HOUSE FLIES - NEBRASKA - Populations built up to annoying pro- portions with continued mild weather. (Andersen). HORN FLY (Siphona irritans) - OKLAHOMA - Very numerous in Lincoln County area. (Flora). Range per head in the following areas: McAlester, 25-50; Muskogee, 5-100; Sapulpa, 20-40. (Coppock). SCREW-WORM (Callitroga hominivorax) - OKLAHOMA - (Correction: CHIR 5(42):979. Reference to screw-worm should refer to screw-worm flies.) Flies numerous in Lincoln County area. (Flora, Oct. 21). NORTH CAROLINA - A serious outbreak in Mocksville area. Noted first about October 1 and reached epidemic proportions by October 15. (Jones, Scott, Oct. 18). Very severe epidemic in Davidson, Davie, -994-~ Iredell and Rowan Counties. Uninjured cows infested in eyes; nearly ali newly dropped calves and pigs had naveis infested; some scratched dogs required drastic surgery or had to be destroyed. One veterinarian dispensed six bottles of smear and treated over a dozen dogs and other animals in the epidemic area, (Williams, Farrier), A BOTFLY (Cuterebra sp.) - NORTH CAROLINA - Removed from under skin of puppy. (Cutts). MOSQUITOES - UTAH - Annoyance fron Mansonia perturbans in Cache County was higher in 1955 than during previous season. Culex erythrothorax was lower. (Harmston), DOG AND CAT FLEAS - PENNSYLVANIA - Numerous requests for control in homes and lawns in Philadelphia. (Menusan). BLACK WIDOW SPIDER (Latrodectus mactans) - UTAH - Reports of occurrences from Logan, Richfields, Provo and Salt Lake City. (Knowlton). VIRGINIA - Entering home in Fairfax County. (Burr). Reported in unusual numbers in Blacksburg and requests for control received from Bon Air and Salem. (Morris). SHEEP SCAB MITE (Psoroptes equi var. ovis) - VIRGINIA - Of 238 head of sheep inspected, 41 were infested. (Va. Livestock Health Bul. No. 10, Oct, 19565), CATTLE LICE - NORTH CAROLINA - Appearing in a number of herds in Ashe County. (Farrier). CHICKEN MITES - VIRGINIA - Very heavy on a farm in Botetourt County. (Burtner). BENEFICIAL INSECTS BLACK SCALE PARASITES - CALIFORNIA - Aphycus helvolus, A. lounsburyi and Scutellista cyanea reported responsible for heavy re- duction of black scale on citrus in eastern Los Angeles County. Have virtually eliminated irregular hatch of black scale. (Cal. Coop. Rept., Sept. ). TACHINA FLIES - ALABAMA - Heavily parasitizing fall armyworm near Auburn. (Arant), 995 = Se ee ee eee ee a SS ee TOBACCO MOTH {Ephestie. elutella) - NORTH CAROLINA - Causing concern in east central area packhouses, Many growers had as much as 10-25 percent damage. (Jones, Scott, Oct. 18). ANGOUMCIS GRAIN MOTH (Sitotroga cerealella) - MARYLAND - r Infesting stored ear corn in Frederick County. TOG, Mile, Wiate, ID%Sjo\: )), A MURKY MEAL CATERPILLAR (Aglossa caprealis) - MARYLAND - Larvae in nee in Dorchester and Prince Georges Counties. (U. Md., leyale, IDYs\ohe5 ))5 MISCELLANEOUS INSECTS EARWIGS - WYOMING - Causing damage to gardens in Lincoln County. (Spackman). BOXELDER BUG ({Leptocoris trivittatus) - NEBRASKA - Heavy populations in eastern portion. As many as 12 calls received in one hour. (Andersen), OHIO - Greater numbers than usual in northern area in and about houses. (Neiswander), ILLINOIS - Causing the usual number of complaints. (Petty). VIRGINIA - Annoying about homes in Spotsylvania County (Kash) and at Richmond (Rowell). Heavy on some maple trees in Orange County. (Grayson), MARYLAND - Annoying home owners in Howard and Prince Georges Counties. (U. Mad., Ent, Dept. ). Of recent interest was the unusual number of interceptions of adult Japanese beetles (Popillia japonica Newm.) as stowaways and with bag- gage on airplanes from Japan at Hickam Field, Hawaii, during June and July of this year. Ina total of 25 interceptions consisting of 41 adult beetles, 22 were found alive and 19 dead. A check of the collec- tions of Japanese beetle traps maintained in the vicinity of the Hickam Field and other points in the Hawaiian Islands to detect any possible introduction showed that no Japanese beetles have been found in the Territory of Hawaii to date. Specimens of the Japanese beetle have been intercepted a number of times as stowaways on airplanes from Japan in Hawaii in the years since 1951, and occasionally in soil around the roots of plants from Japan at various ports. Dead adults have also been intercepted in rice straw packing, and with tree seeds from China. This injurious beetle was introduced into the United States in or about the year 1916, becoming a common and injurious pest of fruits, field and forage crops, grasses, and gardens in areas in several States east of the Mississippi River. The known infested area has been placed under quarantine (Domestic Quarantine 48) to prevent its spread to non-infested areas of the United States. (Compiled - Plant Quarantine Branch). YeINTIeL ye Sdevay sea Ly OT Sét 8 UOS}LSQOY ST 06 8 val QUeeIy ol v _xouy Zs v8s QT OT AINSI T 96 g 8 QOUSIMeT T v 02 v QT 8 OP uOSTpeIN 9g CLS 79 9GZ OOT Z1-O/0T Aqjeus (S8eT}UN0D) HASSANNGL & TS i: OT LY 8Z Z GT-8/0T ILL OS LO€ ial PI-L/OT SYIeTO & g 26 8 6 VI-L/OT 5utpteds (seTUNOD) VIDUOED 9 "dds ¢ LL T OT GI-OT/OT 330000 LLG ‘T g Z SI ST OT aD 6 LI-1T/0T uoyseTs1eyO (seTJUNOD) VNITIOUVO °OS L8 G i o2-9T/O1 udnqny VAVaAV IV G Og 62 ST L STI TZ-GT/OT xUeTOTTeL, hh, G8 g ST OT TZ-GT/OT aonoy “_ YNVISINO'T OTT SI 61 VI-OT/OT shey LQ vé 8I-ZT/0l AYO USEpseyH I sag G i TZ-GT/ot uplyeyUReyy eee a SVSNVS ‘BHUisb uth “eyxOS “SeaiA ‘biwae ‘dds uoyisdx ‘dionay “umdiun” “OQUYy 901ed0}01g STuJOTITeEH eljed syosby -bAudey “Tepnesd SNOLLOETIOO dVaL LHS! 997 - ADDITIONAL NOTES MINNESOTA - BUROPEAN CORW BORER survey completed and ranged from 13 to 327 per 100 plants and averaged 96 for State com- pared with 72 per 100 plants in 1954, Heaviest infestations occurred in southwest district. GRASSHOPPER eyg survey indicates infesta- tion generally higher throughout State. Heaviest infestation in south- a west central and northwestern districts. (Minn. Ins. Rept. DSI Wa Hh ARIZONA - SPOTTED ALFALFA APHID building up in alfalfa in Yuma area. Isolated spots showing honeydew. A fungus is common on aphids where aphids and foliage are densest and humidity is highest (Oct. 19). Aphids increasing rapidly in all areas of eastern Maricopa County, with large numbers winged. PEA APHID light on eight acres of alfalfa at _ Phoenix, October 17, in association with spotted alfalfa aphid. STINK BUGS appearing in alfalfa seed fields at Yuma, 5-12 per ten sweeps, October 19. CLOVER SEED CHALCID appeared in numbers in alfalfa seed samples at Yuma in past two weeks. RUSTY PLUM APHID severe at ends of rows and borders of an 80-acre field of sorghum at Phoenix, October 12. Plants dripping with honeydew and sooty mold beginning to develop. Literaily thousands of aphids on undersides of some leaves. _ Also on Johnson grass. A SPIDER MITE, probably Oligonychus pratensis, discoloring foliage in 80 acres of sorghum at Phoenix, October 12, and probably decreasing, Severe infestation of a mite in nearly all untreated fields of soybeans west of Phoenix, Maricopa County, October 12. | ADULT LACEWINGS appearing by hundreds at lights at Yuma, coming from alfalfa fields. SEED-CORN MAGGOT has caused about 5-8 per- cent damage to peas at Yuma (Oct. 19). CABBAGE LOOPER still damaging lettuce north of Scottsdale. SALT-MARSH CATERPILLAR general in Maricopa County in sugar beet seed fields, enough to warrant control (Oct, 6-7), BLACK-MARGINED APIID severe on nearly all pecan trees in Maricopa County (Oct. 10), Much honeydew and trees likely to be defoliated as in previous years. (Ariz. Coop. Rept. ). -998- COOPERATIVE SURVEY ENTOMOLOGISTS A cooperative plan to place survey personnel in a number of states was started in 1953. It invelves sharing the cost between the State andj Federal governments of the actual survey work (of one individual) on approximately a 50-50 basis. The employees are state controlled and report all insect information directly through the state clearing house. After the information has been made availeble for release at the state level it is brought together for the national report. This cooperative program is now in operation in 23 states and agree- ments have been completed in Oklahoma and Georgia. The men assigned to this work in the 23 states are listed below: Arizona - Floyd G. Werner, Department of Entomology, University of Arizona, Tucson Arkansas - Lloyd O. Warren, College of Agriculture, University of Arkansas, Fayetteville California - Stewart Lockwood, Department of Agriculture, Sacramento Florida - H, A. Denmark, State Plant Board, Gainesville Idaho - A. R. Gittins, Entomology Department, University of Idaho, Moscow Illinois - larence BE, White, Illinois Agricultural Extension Service, 280 Natural Resources Building, Urbana Kansas - David L. Matthew, Jr., Department of Entomology, Kansas State College, Manhattan Louisiana - Abe D. Oliver, Department of Entomology, Louisiana State University, Baton Rouge 3 Maryland - Wallace C. Harding, Jr., Department of Entomology, University of Maryland, College Park Minnesota - Hart Graeber, Department of Agriculture, Division of Plant Industry, University Farm, 301 Coffey Hall, st, Paul 1 Missouri - George W. Thomas, Department of Entomology, College of Agriculture, University of Missouri, 106 Whitten Hall, Columbia Nebraska - Lloyd W. Andersen, Extension Service, Agricultural College, Lincoln 3 Nevada - Harry E. Gallaway, Department of Agriculture, P. ©. Box 1027, Reno North Carolina - Maurice H. Farrier, Department of Entomology, Box 5215, State College Station, Raleigh North Dakota - Vance V. Goodfellow, Office of State Entomologist, State College Station, Fargo Oregon - Joe Capizzi, Division of Plant Industry, Agriculture Building, Saiem Rhode Island - Benjamin H. Kantack, Department of Plant Pathology-Entomology, University of Rhode Island, Kingston South Dakota - William M. Hantsbarger, Entomology-Zoology Department, South Dakota State College, College Station Texas - George T. Davis, Department of Entomology, Texas Agricultural and Mechanical College, College Station Utah - George F. Knowlton, Utah State Agricultural ; College, Logan Virginia - Arthur P. Morris, Virginia Polytechnic Institute, Blacksburg Wisconsin - Philip W. Smith, Plant Industry Division, Wisconsin Department of Agriculture, 315 N. Carroll Street, Madison 3 Wyoming - Everett W. Spackman, Division of Plant Industry, Department of Agriculture, 308 Capitol Building, Cheyenne if Lae Bye Nt Mien ot Rear tae 2," Ty WOL.5 No.4. NOVEMBER 4,1955 BE: $2 meu / i yt. Cooperative ECONOMIC INSECT REPORT Issued by PLANT PEST CONTROL BRANCH Ga AGRICULTURAL RESEARCH SERVICE ape ‘ UNITED STATES DEPARTMENT OF AGRICULTURE AGRICULTURAL RESEARCH SERVICE PLANT PEST CONTROL BRANCH ECONOMIC INSECT SURVEY SECTION The Cooperative Economic Insect Report is issued weekly as a service to American Agri- culture. Its contentsare compiled from informa- tion supplied by cooperating State, Federal, and industrial entomologists and other agricultural workers. In releasing this material the Branch serves as a clearing house and does not assume responsibility for accuracy of the material. Reports and inquiries pertaining to this release should be mailed to: Economic Insect Survey Section Plant Pest Control Branch Agricultural Research Service United States Department of Agriculture Washington 25, D. C. Volume 5 Noveinber 4, 1955 No, 44 CCMOME MD RAC IEA 1D} EHS (ON O) MEIC ICINIS WD, (Crae 5g eh EMO} Sal Highlights of Insect Conditions BROWN WHEAT MITE moderate to heavy in western Kansas but low in Payne County, Oklahoma. (p. 1008). SPOTTED ALFALFA APHID infestations widespread in California, continues to ouild up in Clark County, Nevade, and increasing in areas of Arizona. Numerous in northern Utah but light in Kansas and in most areas of eastern and northern Oklahoma. (p. i004). SWEETPOTATO WEEVIL found in Rankin County, Mississippi (p. 1006) and in Caddo Parish, Louisiana (p. 1010). HORNWORMS heavy widespread on tomatoes in Rio Grande Valley, Texas. (p. 1007). aniccn) CENTIPEDE recorded in several new counties of Washington. (p. 1007). ecioa7 WEEVIL taken at Richmond, Virginia. New area in State. p. 1007). PINK BOLLY/ORM moth collected in light trap at New Roads, Pointe Coupee Parish, Louisiana. (p. 1010). BROWN COTTON LEAFWORM reported from Arkansas. As far as known, this is a new State record for this insect. (p. 1010). BROWN DOG TICK unusually heavy in Arizona and in College Station area of Texas. (p. 1008). SCREW-WORM infestation in cattle heavy in Texas. (p. 1009). BROWN-BANDED ROACH reported from Nevada for first time. (p. 1010), SUMMARY OF INSECT CONDITIONS - 1955 - Rhode Island. (p. 1012). STATES reporting this week - 27. FAK AIK IK I OK a aK 2k 22K 2K 2K ak Reports in this issue are for the week ending October 28, 1955, unless otherwise designated. - 1002. WEATHER FOR THE WEEK ENDING OCTOBER 31, 1955 Temperatures, although fluctuating considerably with the passage of cold fronts, averaged witnin a few degrees of the seasonal normals, — Moderate to heavy precipitation fell in most sections east of the Missis- Sippi River, light to moderate amounts in most northern sections west of that River, and dry weather continued for the third consecutive week in the lower Great Plains and for a much longer period in the far South- west, As a cold front extending from the Great Lakes to Texas at the beginning of the week crossed the Eastern States on the 24th, moderate to heavy rains fell over the Ohio Valley, the Great Lakes, and Northeast, but little or none fell in the South. Another cold front preceded and followed by a sharp rise and fall in temperatures respectively first appeared in the Pacific Northwest on October 25 and reached the Atlantic Coast on the 30th. During the passage of this front precipitation fell in neariy all northern areas and east of the Mississippi River. Much precipitation which fell in the northern Rockies and extreme North- Central Interior was in the form of snow. Wyoming reported a foot of snow in the mountains and one to three inches at lower levels. Heavy Snow in northeastern Minnesota ranged un to ten inches at Ely, and as much as five inches was reported in northern Wisconsin. Flurries occurred in parts of Dlinois and Indiana for the first time this season. Snow aiso fell in the mountains of New England and northern New York. Thunderstorms occurred in the Southern States on the 28th and 29th, and tornadoes, high winds, and hail were reported in northern portions of Louisiana and Mississippi. WEATHER BUREAU!S 30-DAY OUTLOOK November 1955 The Weather Bureau's 30-day outlook for November calls for tempera- tures to average below seasonal normals over the northwestern quarter of the nation as well as in the Great Lakes region and Central Plains. Above normal temperatures are vredicted for the Southwest, Southeast, and northern New England. In remaining areas near normal temperatures are anticipated with large week-to-week fluctuations. Precipitation, some in the form of snow, is expected to exceed normal over the northern third of the country, but subnormal rainfall is predicted for the southern third. In the remaining area near normal amounts are in prospect. This report released by the Weather Bureau on November I IS), Weather forecast given here is based on the official 30-day "Resume and Outlook", published twice a month by the Weather Bureau. You can sub- scribe through Superintendent of Documents, Washington 25, D.C. Price $4.80 a year, $2.40 for six months. (Summary Supplied by U.S Weather Bureau). ee =10Ose CEREAL AND FORAGE INSECTS GRASSHOPPERS - UTAH - Still abundant in many alfalfa fields. Largely Melanoplus femur-rubrum, Numerous at 7000 feet in sum- WASHINGTON - M. mexicanus up to four per square foot on rangeland in local areas north of Rice. Appears to be at height of mating season. (Gittins), EUROPEAN CORN BORER (Pyrausta nubilalis) - NORTH DAKOTA - Completion of fall abundance survey showed 27 percent of plants infested with an average of six borers per 100 plants in Barnes, Stutsman, Wells, Foster, Eddy, Griggs, Steele and Benson Counties. (N,D. Ins. Rept. Serv.), SOUTH DAKOTA - Average percent of plants infested was 66 percent with an average of 117 borers per 100 plants in Beadle, Kingsbury, Brookings, Sanborn, Miner, Lake, Moody, Davison, Hanson, McCook and Minnehaha Counties. An average of 53 percent infestation with an average of 97 borers per 100 plants in Brown, Faulk and Spink Counties. (Lofgren, Hantsbarger). KANSAS - Fall abundance survey showed the following percent infestation and average number of borers per 100 stalks by county: Washington 7 percent and 9 borers; Republic 1 and 1; Cloud 4 and 6; Clay 2 and 2. (Matthew). TENNESSEE - Survey in Knox County showed an average of less than one borer per plant. (Stanley). OHIO - Thirty counties surveyed in western and central area showed an average of 124 borers per 100 stalks, a reduction of 20 percent under 1954, Heaviest infestations were in Van Wert (481), Putnam (283), Allen (213), and Auglaize (219), (Parks, Goleman). GREENBUG (Toxoptera graminum) - OKLAHOMA - A survey of small grains in central, north central and eastern areas showed populations practically non-existent. (Wood, Coppock). KANSAS - None found in wheat fields surveyed in Washington, Republic, Jewell, Mitchell, Cloud, Clay, Ottawa, Saline and Dickinson Counties. None in northern two tiers of counties of States west of Highway U.S. 81 during week of October 17-21. (Somsen, Marvin). BROWN WHEAT MITE {(Petrobia latens) - OKLAHOMA - Low popula- tions in small grains in Payne County. (Wood, Coppock). KANSAS - Survey of Finney, Lane, Scott, Wichita, Greeley, Hamilton and Kearny Counties showed moderate to heavy infestation. Counts on volunteer wheat 18-45 per clump of plants. In drilled wheat, 0-6 per linear foot of row. (DePew). Causing feeding injury, to leaves in a few northwestern counties. (Somsen, Marvin, Oct. 17-21). Infestations 3-20 per five linear feet of row in eastern Saline County. (Matthew). CORN EARWORM (Heliothis armigera) - OKLAHOMA - Averaging five per 10 sweeps on alfalfa in Pawnee County. (Coppock). 1004 CORN LEAF APHID (Rhopalosiovhum maidis) - OKLAHOMA - Very abundant in fall-planted barley and averaging over 460 per linear foot of row from two fields in Wagoner County. Lighter infestations re- ported from Ottawa and Pawnee Counties. (Coppock). GREEN JUNE BEETLE (Cotinis nitida) - VIRGINIA - Larval damage to lawns has been heavy in several parts of State during past month, (Morris). OHIO - Has been a serious pest of lawns of southern half. Large numbers have been reported in local areas in Meigs, Scioto, aaeiee Guernsey, Coshocton and Tuscarawas Counties. (Parks, oleman). LEAFHOPPERS - OKLAHOMA - From 10-12 per square yard in fall- seeded wheat in Pawnee County and common in other northern and eastern counties. (Coppock). WHITE GRUBS - OKLAHOMA - Small damage to small grains in south- eastern Osage County and populations of 4-5 per square foot in sandy loam soil of Payne County. (Wood, Coppock). UTAH - Damaging quite a number of lawns in Salt Lake County. (Parrish, Knowlton). AN INDIGO GALL MOTH (Walshie amorphella) - TEXAS - In one field of clover in Hunt County, 80 percent of roots infested. (Hawkins). SPOTTED ALFALFA APHID - CALIFORNIA - Counties infested wholly or in part: San Diego, Riverside, Orange, San Bernardino, Los Angeles, Ventura, Santa Barbara, San Luis Obispo, Kern, Tuiare, Kings, Fresno, Monterey, Madera, Merced, Santa Clara, Stanislaus, San Joaquin, Solano, Sacramento, Yolo, Placer, Yuba, Sutter, Glen, Tehama and Shasta. Infestations in Tehama County are widely scattered in alfalfa- growing regions. There is considerable evidence of heavy loss there as in others where infestations have existed for a longer time. (Cal. Coop. Rept., Oct. 24). NEVADA - Continues to build up in some alfalfa fields in Clark County. Especially threatening new plantings. (Lauderdale). ARIZONA - In ten alialfa fields in Tempe, Kyrene and Laveen areas of Maricopa County, populations averaged 1.5 per leaf October 20, compared with 0. 3 per leaf October 10-11. Increase coincident with cooler weather and increased succulence of alfalfa, following irrigation. In other fields in the Tempe, Phoenix and Scottsdale area of Maricopa County, several counts ranged from 3-7 per leaf. In fields of heavier infestation, honey- dew, sooty mold and leaf injury becoming noticeable. Some growers resumed control operations. In Greenlee County, populations increasing by October 21 with alates plentiful. Young alfaifa being injured par- ticularly. (Ariz. Coop. Rept.). OKLAHOMA - Averaged 2-4 per sweep in alfalfa in Pawnee, Tulsa and Osage Counties. Populations low in other eastern and northern counties. (Coppock) KANSAS - Found in all alfalfa fields surveyed in Washington, Republic, Jewell, Mitchell, -1005- Cloud, Clay, Ottawa and Saline Counties. Counts from 10-80 per 20 sweeps. Infestation general throughout State but no economic infesta- tions now. Counts from four per 20 sweeps to 65 per sweep. (Matthew). UTAH - Numerous in mos fields of succulent alfalfa examined in | Davis, Selt Lake and Tooele Counties. From 2-35 per sweep. Ovi- parous females taken. (Knowlton). SOUTHWESTERN CORN BORER (Diatraea grandiosella) - KANSAS - No infestations found in corn fields examined in Washington, Republic, and Jewell Counties in north central area. Two fields, each with four percent girdled stalks, were found in Cloud County. (Matthew). PLANT BUGS - UTAH - Lygus bugs still moderately numerous on alfalfa, grass and native plants. (Knowlton). PEA APHID (Macrosiphum pisi) - UTAH - From 2-25 per sweep in some alfalfa fields in Box Elder, Weber and Davis Counties. (Knowlton). MARYLAND - Building up on alfalfa in northern Cecil County. (U. Md., Ent. Dept. ). A LEAF MINER (probably Liriomyza scutellata) - NEVADA - Infesting about 20 percent of leaves in alfalfa field in Pahrump Valley, Nye County. (Lauderdale). A WEBWORM (Loxostege sp.) - OKLAHOMA - Causing severe damage to young alfalfa in Payne County. (Walton, Bryan). TERMITES - OKLAHOMA - Damage to peanuts in late summer by sub- terranean termites in several areas. From 2-3 percent of nuts destroyed in plots at Stillwater. (Walton). FRUIT INSECTS RED-BANDED LEAF ROLLER (Aragyrotaenia velutinana) - WEST VIRGINIA - Substantial injury to apples from late season generation of larvae which appeared through September in Kearneysville area. (Hamstead, October 24). EUROPEAN RED MITE (Metatetranychus ulmi) - WEST VIRGINIA - Overall seasonal damage moderate in Kearneysville area, but popula- tions persisted through season from May to October. (Hamstead, October 24). CODLING MOTH (Carpocaps2 pomonella) - WEST VIRGINIA - Injury to apples averaging about 1.3 percent at processing plants in Kearneys- ville area. About 50 percent less than last year. (Hamstead, October 24), - 100€- LESSER PEACH TREE BORER (Synanthedon pictipes) - TEXAS - Emergence of adults has ceased in Tyler area, (King). PEACH TREE BORER (Sanninoidea exitiosa) - TEXAS - Emergence of adults ceased in Tyler area. (King). SMALL CHESTNUT WEEVIL (Curculio auriger) - SOUTH CAROLINA - Infesting cnestnuts locally in Greenville County, October 14. (Reid). FALL WEBWORM (Hyphantria cunea) - ALABAMA - Damaging pecans in Mobile County. (Arant), HICKORY SHUCKWORM (Laspeyresia caryana) - FLORIDA - From 6-8 larvae infesting shucks of some pecans in Alachua County, causing failure of shucks to shed. (Det. L. A, Hetrick). (Denmark, October 21), TOMATO FRUITWORM (Heliothis armigera) - TEXAS - In complex with Laphygma frugiperda, a medium local infestation causing damage to fruit of kumquat trees in Harris County. (Garner). TRUCK CROP INSECTS ee ee es ee eee ee SOUTHERN GREEN STINK BUG (Nezara viridula) - ALABAMA - Damaging lima beans in Monroe County. (Arani). MEXICAN BEAN BEETLE (Epilachna verivestis) - NORTH CAROLINA - Causing concern on late green beans in Wake County. (Jones). SWEETPOTATO WEEVIL (Cylas formicarius elegantulus) - MISSISSIPPI - Found in Rankin County south of Jackson Oct. 20. (Murphy). SOUTHERN ARMYWORM (Prodenia eridania) - See ae - In com- plex with Trichoplusia ni, feeding on mustard in Itawambe County October 21. (Young). ; FALSE CHINCH BUG (Nysius ericae) - MISSISSIPPI - Infesting mustard in Itawamba County, October 21. (Young). CABBAGE WEBWORM (Hellula rogatalis) - MISSISSIPPI - Infesting mustard in Itawamba County, October 21. (Young). TEXAS - Medium infestation on cauliflower in Dimmit County. (Richardson). -1007- HORNWORMS (Protoparce spp.) - TEXAS - Heavy, widespread infes- tation on tomatoes throughout the Rio Grande Valley. (Deer, Wene). GREEN PEACH APHID (Myzus persicae) - MARYLAND - Large numbers on tobacco cut and put in storage late in September. Con- vergent lady beetle also common. Quick ripening of tobacco noted Saas harvest at Crownsville, Anne Arundel County. (U. Md., Ent. Dept. ). RASPBERRY ROOT BORER (Bembicia marginata) - OREGON - By October, 85 percent of eggs had hatched in Stayton district. (Rosenstiel). GARDEN CENTIPEDE (Scutigerella immaculata) - WASHINGTON - Distribution records for these counties are in addition to those published in CEIR 5 (10):4, 1954: Lewis, Grays Harbor, King, Benton, Adams, Snohomish, Whatcom, Klickital and Franklin. Heavy damage occurred this year to strawberries, raspberries, pole beans, cabbages, squash, tomatoes, sugar beets and mint. Most damage is due to feeding on the feeder roots, The pest also tunnels in strawberry fruits and into potato tubers. (Waterhouse). VEGETABLE WEEVIL (Listroderes costirostris obliquus) - VIRGINIA - A single adult specimen taken at a tobacco warehouse at Richmond. First specimen from this area. (Willey). ——S— Se es ee ee ee se aes ae ae ae ee a NANTUCKET PINE MOTH (Rhyacionia frustrana) - ALABAMA 4 Reported attacking pines in Southern area. (Arant). MARYLAND - Infesting Virginia and red pines in Baltimore County. Infestations less now than last spring. Pupal stage. (U. Md., Ent. Dept. ). MIMOSA WEBWORM (Homadaula albizziae) - VIRGINIA - Light infestation on some mimosa in Fairfax County. (Burr). LEAFHOPPERS - OKLAHOMA - Leafhoppers, mostly Erythroneura spp., feeding heavily on elm .and redbud. HE. dumosa by far the most abundant, (Fenton). JUNIPER WEBWORM (Dichomeris marginella) - OREGON - Found on Spiny Creek junipers in the Gresham area, Rarely recorded from State, (Det. Natl. Mus.). (Nicolaison). APHIDS - UTAH - Numerous on European beech, linden, and some maples in Cache County. (Knowlton), KANSAS - Winged and wingless forms of Longistiqma caryae on pin oak in 'l'opeka, Shawnee County. (Calkins, Brady). -1008- A CERAMBYCID (Stenocorus inquisitor) - WASHINGTON - Heavily intesting two-year cut yellow pine in Pleasant Valley area of Stevens County. (Gittins). TWIG GIRDLER (Onciderus cinqulatus) - ALABAMA - Several reports of attacking persimmons. (Arant). SAWF LIES (Neodiprion spp.) - NEVADA - Causing considerable damage to young stands of single-leaf pine near Goldfield, Esmeralda County. (Lauderdale). A WIREWORM (Conoderes sp.) - FLORIDA - Larvae collected on gladiolus at Sun City, Hilisborough County, October 17. Fifty percent of a 30-acre field destroyed, (Kelsheimer). COCONUT SCALE (Apsidiotus destructor) - FLORIDA ~ Averaging 200 per leaf of sandalwood at South Miami, Dade County, October 12 (Dowling) and 1000 ver leaf on botilebrush at South Miami, October 17 (Buchanan, Dowling), and 25 per leaf on privet at Miami, Dade County, October 17 (Daigle), BOXWOOD LEAF MINER ‘Monarthropalpus buxi) - NORTH CAROLINA - Local infestation on boxwood in Henderson County. (Scott). INSECTS AFFECTING MAN AND ANIMALS a ee res ce ee ree a rt et eee me ore ee ee ee ee ee es ee a ee ee ee ee BLACK WIDOW SPIDER (Latrodectus mactans} - NEVADA - Numerous inquiries being received. ‘Lauderdaie}), VIRGINIA - Numerous requests for information received from southeastern Virginia. (Morris). A case reported of a man bitten three times and made unconscious for a day in Amelia County. (Holmes), OHIO - Abundant in homes in new housing development near Waverly and in a number of cottages at Buckeye Lake resort. (Parks), BROWN DOG TICK (Rhipicephalus sanguineus) - ARIZONA - Continues as problem in Tucson area. Populations abnormaily heavy this year. (Ariz. Coop. Rept.}. TEXAS - Unusually heavy on dogs in the College Station area. (Davis). CATTLE LICE - RHODE ISLAND - Solenopotes capillatus collected from cattle in Scituate, October 24. (es wemeon MOSQUITOES - UTAH - During October 650 acres were sprayed with ground equipment and 240 acres were sprayed by aircraft in Weber County for mosquito control. (Fronk), MARYLAND - Aedes sollicitans still biting = warm days on Kent Island, @ueen Annes County. (U. Md., mnt, Dept. ). -1009- NORTHERN FOWL MITE (Bdellonyssus sylviarum) - NORTH CAROLINA - First infestation of year reported from Rockingham County. (Farrier). PUSS CATERPILLARS (Megalopyge spp.) - TEXAS - Complaints re- ceived from most areas, especially southern half of State, of painful stings by this pest. (Garner, Davis). SCREW-WORM (Callitroga hominivorax) - TEXAS - Heavy infestation in cattle over most of the State. (Davis). BENEFICIAL INSECTS a eee ee ee ee ee A LONG-TAILED MEALYBUG PARASITE (Anarhopus sydneyensis) - CALIFORNIA - Recovered in plentiful numbers from’ an orange grove following treatment with insecticides. (Cal. Coop. Rept., September). ‘CARABIDS - TEXAS - Congregating on heads of late sorghum in Nueces County. (Nolan). Heavy populations congregating on elm and pecan trees in Bastrop County. (Reese). STORED PRODUCTS INSECTS TOBACCO MOTH (Ephestia elutella) - NORTH CAROLINA - Light infes- tation still present in Wake and Harnett Counties. (Scott). SAW-TOOTHED GRAIN BEETLE (Oryzaephilus surinamensis) - NORTH CAROLINA - Light infestation on 1000 bushels of wheat in Rowan County; fumigated. Another infestation in same county. (Farrier). RICE WEEVIL (Sitophilus oryza) - OREGON - Common in three of six grain elevators inspected in Portland. Tribolium castaneum in complex and may be a serious build-up. (Goeden). INDIAN-MEAL MOTH (Plodia interpunctella) - OREGON - Infestations common in home-stored walnuts and filberts in Willamette Valley be- tween Eugene and Portland. (Capizzi). MISCELLANEOUS INSECTS A SOLDIER FLY (Hermetia illucens) - NORTH CAROLINA - About ' 1-1/2 bushels of larvae in wet manure under 100 hens in Rockingham County, (Farrier). OKLAHOMA - Compost in rabbit pens heavily infested in Tulsa, (Fenton). -1010- A KATYDID (Neoconocephalus triops) - MISSISSIPPI - Large numbers Oo business section of Jackson, where they were attracted to lights. Lyle). DARK MEALWORM (Tenebrio obscurus) - OHIO - Larvae eer homes oe where infested manure was placed in yards. (Parks, Peterson). CLOVER MITE (Bryobia praetiosa} - NEVADA - Fall migration to homes causing numerous inquiries. (Gallaway). BOXELDER BUG (Leptocoris trivittatus) - NORTH CAROLINA - Causing concern at a home in Rowan County. (Farrier). KANSAS - Heavy popula- tions reported from most areas of State. (Matthew), OHIO - Annoying householders in many areas. (Parks). BROWN-BANDED ROACH (Supella supellectilium) - NEVADA - Infestation in home at Reno. (Ting). First report of this cockroach in Nevada. (Gallaway). TERMITES - NEVADA - Subterranean termites unusually active with fall swarms appearing in Reno area. (Gallaway). ADDITIONAL NO'TES ee ee wes a es ee ee NEBRASKA - ALFALFA CATERPILLAR producing another generation in alfalfa, Larvae in second and fourth instars and range from 5-8 per 25 sweeps in the northeastern area. PEA APHID counts ranged 10-18 per 20 sweeps in alfalfa in northeastern area. TARNISHED PLANT BUG counts 4-7 per 25 sweeps in alfalfa in northeastern area. CLOVER MITE very prevalent throughout eastern area, (Andersen). GRASSHOPPER egg pods in southeastern area ranged from 0. 28-1. 2 per square foot in the field to 3.6 per square foot in the margin; from 0. 2 to 1.8 in the field to one in the margin in northeastern area; from 0-2.8 per square foot in north central area, (Fitchet, Gibson, Andersen). ARKANSAS - CORN EARWORM heavy, 2-4 larvae per sweep in one field of alfalfa in Pulaski County. BROWN COTTON LEAFWORM taken from second growth cotton in Hempstead County. (Warren), LOUISIANA - SWEETPOTATO WEEVIL found on thirty properties in the Shreveport area, Caddo Parish. Survey not completed. (Sweetpotato Weevil Control, Oct. 26). PINK BOLLWORM moth taken in light trap at New Roads, October 12. This is a new record for Pointe Coupee Parish, Further surveys are being conducted in this area. (Pink Boll- worm Cont, ). -1011- 9& ‘YeINTLEL ye sdezj Sod Lx 96 OT 0g OT v8 ag 9 g T LZ ik g i g EL OT LQ i TT 9 6&6 v9T al T 1€ 8 T 901 @ G62 g T 9 6 69 IT € LG6I vz G O€ iG T 1ST G LT € a Og 181 LZ g Ge 62 OT i “suuiab ~~ —~xite ~~ ~pejb ~~ - SOTA “biuiae “dds “aoyisdx “awnap “um ‘oyuy “ezlsoyD stjosby STUJOTIOH eyed stosuby “‘bAydey -Tepnesd LZ gz/OT uo buTysem Z 92/01 sesueyly 9€ BI/OT UTOOUTT (S8qUn0D) SVSNVIUV 6L 8 PI/OT pee\somoy 6T/0T OTISOTUOT T2/0T piojzueg ST/OT STITAseuTey VCIuNoTa BZ-0Z/0T AaemobzuoVy (Aqun0D) GNVTAUVIN vZ-8T/O1 uoyseTseyO VNITOUVO HLNOS Z6-91/01 esuonQ Zo-QI/OL WL TZ-GT/OT Hutoredg (setyUNOD) VIOUOED Lé- 12/01 uindny VINVaAV IV 8¢-22/01 abnoy “d LOZ 82-Z2/0T U2 TOT L, VNVISINOT vrs GI-6/0T OdeTSO M\ LZ-G2/OL “21S abeTIoD SV XL Qg-22/01 ueyyeyue ly 1Z-7I/O1 shey SV SNVI SNOLLOATIOO dVaL LHOIT -1012- SUMMARY OF INSECT CONDITIONS - 1955 RHODE ISLAND Reported by B. H. Kantack — oe ee Se ee — — — as ee em a ten-acre field of wheat and five acres of Sudan grass. Parasitism was very heavy, nearly 100 percent, during the second outbreak. Both outbreaks were of short duration, since insecticides were applied. PEA APHID (Macrosiphum pisi) populations on alfalfa were light through- out the season, Heavy populations of predators were present in all fields and appeared to check extensive build-ups. LEAFHOPPER populations were generally light. MEADOW SPITTLEBUG (Philaenus leucophthalmus) was abundant on alfalfa during May; however, no Gamage could be defi- nitely attributed to this insect. GREEN CLOVERWORM (Plathypena scabra) was common in alfalfa and clover fields during July and August with moderate damage observed on twenty acres of alfalfa in Wickford, EUROPEAN CORN BORER (Pyrausta nubilalis) appears to be more abundant than last year, as fall survey records show a State average of 113 borers per 100 plants. The infestation was heavier in Bristol and Kent Counties. STALK BORER (Papaipema nebris) was present in light numbers in most fields; however, damage was light. CORN EAR+ WORM (Heliothis armigera) populations were light with a moderate in- crease during August resulting in light damage to late sweet corn. Fruit Insects not applied. SPRING CANKERWORM (Paleacrita vernata) occurred in light numbers early in the season with light injury to a few neglected trees. PLUM CURCULIO (Conotrachelus nenuphar) populations were low with light sting injury common in some orchards. EASTERN TENT CATERPILLAR (Malacosoma americanum) was very heavy with light to moderate injury on apple trees over State. RED-BANDED LEAF ROLLER (Argyrotaenia velutinana) populations were normal. APPLE MAGGOT (Rhagoletis pomonella} was found in many orchards with infestations much higher than last season except where a timely spray schedule was followed. EUROPEAN RED MITE (Metatetranychus ulmi) and TWO-SPOTTED SPIDER MITE (Tetranychus telarius) were a problem to fruit growers this season, as control measures were necessary in some areas. -1013- Turf Insects : JAPANESE BEETLE (Popillia japonica) and ASIATIC GARDEN BEETLE (Autoserica castanea) grubs remain a problem on turf. A survey con- ucted by J. A. Mathewson, of the Rhode Island Department of Agricul- ture, shows that Asiatic garden beetle grubs make up 53.9, Japanese beetle 36.7, and other scarabaeids 9.3 percent of the total grub popu- lation taken from 14 samples in Newport County. The predominance of the Asiatic garden beetle grubs in some turf plots may account for some of the ineffective grub control reported with spore dust applied to control Japanese beetle grubs on turf, Truck Crop Insects POTATO FLEA BEETLE (Epitrix cucumeris) was a problem on potatoes and other garden crops. Insecticidal control was required on all potato plantings. The IMPORTED CABBAGEWORM (Pieris rapae) was a major problem on cabbage throughout the season. Heavy infestations of the STRIPED CUCUMBER BEETLE (Acalymma vittata) occurred over the State with control measures required in all areas. Populations of the SPOTTED CUCUMBER BEETLE (Diabrotica undecimpunctata howardi) were light. SEED-CORN MAGGOT (Hylemya cilicrura) severely dam- aged a few small bean plantings in Bristol. ONION MAGGOT (Hylemya antiqua) destroyed about one-third of a two-acre field of onions in the Portsmouth area, The SQUASH BUG (Anasa tristis) and the SQUASH VINE BORER (Melittia cucurbitae) were of major concern as both were very abundant; the squash vine borer was especially damaging in the Wickford area. MEXICAN BEAN BEETLE (Epilachna varivestis) was statewide in distribution and moderate to heavy in most small gardens. Damage was very severe where no control measures were applied in Wickford and Wakefield. Forest, Ornamental and Shade Tree Insects Infestations of BIRCH LEAF MINER (Fenusa pusilla) were very heavy, with serious defoliation on grey birch, Both first and second generations caused severe damage. ELM LEAF BEETLE (Galerucella xanthomelaena) numbers were very light. SMALLER EUROPEAN ELM BARK BEETLE (Scolytus multistriatus) remains abundant with heavy populations in the Hamilton and Hast Greenwich areas. ROSE CHAFER (Macrodactylus subspinosus) was unusually heavy with severe injury to roses and other plants. Outbreaks of EASTERN TENT CATERPILLAR were very heavy with complete defoliation of wild cherry trees in scattered areas. Spotted infestations of LOCUST LEAF MINER (Chalepus dorsalis) were observed during August, with severe damage common in the Scituate area, SPRUCE SPIDER MITE (Oligonychus ununquis) was encountered on arborvitae throughout season; however, no serious infestations de- veloped. FLETCHER SCALE (Lecanium fletcheri), a YEW SCALE eeinaria floccifera), EUONYMUsS SCALE (Unaspis euonymi), JUNIPER 1aSpis carueli), and OYSTERSHELL epidosaphes ulmi) were encountered frequently during the summer nursery inspection. -1014- Se ——=— = oe ee ees ee ee ee . April in unusually large numbers and remained abundant statewide until mid-Jwy. The BROWN DOG TICK (Rhipicephalus sanquineus) was a household pest in Wickford and Warwick during the last of August. BLACK FLIES (Simulium spp.) were very abundant during early spring. FLEAS (Ctenocephalides felis and C. canis) and BEDBUGS (Cimex spp. ) were found in houses in all areas during August and September. HOUSE FLY (Musca domestica) and MOSQUITO populations were gener- ally abundant, with a heavy population of mosquitoes building up after the heavy rains of mid-August. Household and Wood Insects A TERMITE (Reticulitermes flavipes) has been very severe in all areas with over 600 homes reported infested in 1955. EUROPEAN EARWIG (Forficula auricularia) populations were very heavy with frequent in- vasion of homes reported throughout the summer. HOUSE CRICKET (Acheta_ domestica) was a common household pest in many homes throughout the summer. we YF Va TN VOL. 5 No. 45 NOVEMBER 11, 1955 sp KAB SG Cooperative ECONOMIC INSECT REPORT Issued by PLANT PEST CONTROL BRANCH AGRICULTURAL RESEARCH SERVICE { ‘es UNITED STATES DEPARTMENT OF AGRICULTURE AGRICULTURAL RESEARCH SERVICE PLANT PEST CONTROL BRANCH ECONOMIC INSECT SURVEY SECTION The Cooperative Economic Insect Report is issued weekly as a service to American Agri- culture. Its contentsarecompiled from informa- tion supplied by cooperating State, Federal, and industrial entomologists and other agricultural workers. In releasing this material the Branch serves as a clearing house and does not assume responsibility for accuracy of the material. Reports and inquiries pertaining to this release should be mailed to: Economic Insect Survey Section Plant Pest Control Branch Agricultural Research Service United States Department of Agriculture Washington 25, D. C. Volume 5 November 11, 1955 No. 45 COODARA WI Wi ICONOMING INS HS Oh 15h 18) IOs, at Highlights of Insect Conditions SPOTTED ALFALFA APHID continues to cause damage in some coun- ties of California; increasing in Brazos and Burleson Counties, Texas; but infestations low at Yuma, Arizona. (pp. 1018, 1027). WHITE CRUBS damaging small grains in Mayes and Rogers Counties, Oklahoma. Other small grain insect conditions in this State. (p. 1026). SWEETPOTATO WEEVIL generally light in infested areas of Louisiana but a few heavy infestations in southwestern parishes. (p. 1020). PINK BOLLV. ORM infestations showing increases over 1954 in some areas of Louisiana, Texas, and Oklahoma. (p. 1021). FOREST INSECT situation in South Carolina. (p. 1021). SCREW~V ORM heavy on livestock in Autauga County, Alabama, (p. 1022). Increased numbers of RICE WEEVILS and ANGOUMOIS GRAIN MOTH over last year in Arkansas. (p. 1023). RECENT INTERCEPTIONS at ports of entry. (p. 1024). STATES reporting this week - 24, _ DBC AE A A AS OS 2 8 2 KK 2 OE 2 2 2 3 2k Reports in this issue are for the week ending November 4, 1955, unless otherwise designated. -1016- WEATHER FOR THE WEEK ENDING NOVEMBER 7, 1956 The week's weather was featured by a spell of unusually cold weather for So early in the season, as a ccld Arctic air mass, moving rapidly from the Canadian Northwest, overspread the western nalf of the Country on the 2d and the eastern half on the 3d and 4th, Many sta- tions in the Rocky Mountains recorded subzero minima, some for the first time this season. ‘The lowest reported was -11~ at Frazer, Colorado. Frost occurred in the San Joaquin Valley and Santa Maria area of California. Ponds and lakes froze over in the extreme North Central Interior, where locai areas are now covered with snow. Large and rapid temperature falls occurred in the South Central Interior, Shreveport, Louisiana reporting a drop of 47° from 85° on the after- noon of the 2d to 38° the following morning. Freezing during this spell occurred in all areas except coastal regions and the extreme south section. The widespread cold early in the week resulted in below-normal average temperatures for the week everywhere except in New England, New York, and southern portions of Texas, New Mexico, and Arizona, ' where averages were normal or slightly above. In the former area raaxima were below normal, but minima were generaliy much above, owing to persistent cloudiness and precipitation. Averages were 8° below normal in northern Florida, 4° to 6° in the Midwest, and 6° to 9° in the northern Great Plains. The week's heaviest precipitation fell on the north Pacific Coast, with totals ranging from 3 to 6 inches in the lower Valleys and exceeding 8 inches at higher elevations in the Cascades, Flooding occurred in Whatcom, Skagit, and Snohomish Counties of Washington, where several families evacuated their homes, and landslides on the Olympia Penin- sula blocked some highways. Heavy rains also fell in southern New England, causing some flooding, particularly in southeastern Massachusetts, where totals ranged from 3 to over 5 inches. Other areas with heavy rain included the lower Ohio and parts of the Mississippi Valley. In the remainder of the Country precipitation was generally very light, resulting in continued dry soil in the Southeast and a need for more moisture in the Great Plains and Far Southwest. One to 3 inches of snow fell wer the winter wheat belt in western Washington; 3 inches covers the ground in north-central Wisconsin; Michigan reported the first general snowstorm cf the season on the 3d; and as much as 8 inches of snow fell in northwestern Connecticut. (Summary Supplied by U.S. Weather Bureau). -1017~ CEREAL AND FORAGE INSECTS GRASSHOPPERS - CALIFORNIA - Populations throughout Modoc County reported lower than in past ten years. Areas usually subject to damage are almost free of grasshoppers. (Cal. Coop, Rept., Oct. 21-31). UTAH - Still active in spite of repeated frosts and some snow. (Knowlton). EUROPEAN CORN BORER (Pyrausta nubilalis) - KANSAS - Average percent stalks infested and average number of borers per 100 stalks by counties: Jackson, 6 percent and 10 borers per 100 stalks; Nemaha, 8 and 11; Marshall, 5 and 5; Pottawatomie, 5 and 5. (Matthew). ARKANSAS - Reported in 4 additional counties for the first time: Franklin, Logan, Yell, Pope. Infestations light except in Mississippi and Crittenden Counties. Infestations in 24 counties average 7 per- cent. (Warren), INDIANA - Survey results show percent infestation and average number of borers per 100 plants as follows: Northern counties, 78 percent and 169 borers; north central counties, 94 and 313; southeast central counties, 72 and 179; southwest central counties, 34 and 37; eastern Ohio River counties, 69 and 208; and western Ohio River counties, 1 and 1. State average was 65 percent infested and 172 borers per 100 plants. (Wilson, Gould, Everly, Schuder). MARYLAND - Fall abundance survey indicates principal increase is on Eastern Shore. Average number of borers per 100 plants over State was 140 compared with 41 in 1954. (U. Md., Ent. Dept.). GREENBUG (Toxoptera graminum) - TEXAS - A few found in large winter wheat of Hale, Floyd, and Swisher Counties. One field of volunteer barley had a few greenbugs in it. (Daniels). SORGHUM WEBWORM (Celama sorghiella) - TEXAS - Heavy local infestations on sorghum in Zavala County. Grain has been ruined for seed. (Richardson). SOUTHWESTERN CORN BORER (Diatraea grandiosella) - KANSAS - No borers found in Atchison, Doniphan, Jackson, Brown, Nemaha, Marshall, and Pottawatomie Counties. (Matthew). ARKANSAS - Range extended into seven known new counties: Miller, Hempstead, Sevier, Howard, Montgomery, Pulaski, and Cleburne. Infestations did not increase to heavy numbers except in two local areas of Pope and Yell Counties. (Warren). SUGARCANE BORER (Diatraea saccharalis) - TEXAS - Heavy local infestations on sorghum in Zavala County. Borers numerous in -1018- stalks. (Richardson). LOUISIANA - Darnage to sugarcane severe and widespread over the sugarcane-growing areas. (Oliver). WIREWORMS - LOUISIANA - Heavy infestation in sugarcane at St. Martinville, St. Martin Parish. (Oliver). A SUGARCANE SCALE (Targionia sacchari) - FLORIDA - Average 30 ses joint of para grass in St. Lucie County, October 24. (Campbell, Miles). LESSER CORNSTALK BORER (Elasmopalpus lignosellus) - LOUISIANA - Heavily infesting sugarcane in St. Mary Parish. (Oliver). FALL ARMYWORM (Laphygma frugiperda) - LOUISIANA - Heavily infesting seedling corn at Centerville, St. Mary Parish. (Oliver). CORN EARWORM (Heliothis armigera) - CALIFORNIA - Heavy gamege hone reported general in Glenn County. (Cal. Coop. Rept. , ct, al-31). SPOTTED ALFALFA APHID - CALIFORNIA - General infestation on alfalfa in Madera County with damage moderate. Infestations general in Kings County and heavy, general infestations in Kern County. Light to medium infestations in all alfalfa growing-areas of Tehama County and severe damage to alfalfa in western part of Riverside County, with no serious damage in desert areas. Taken for first time on alfalfa in Butte County, October 3. (Cal. Coop. Rept., Oct. 21-31). ARIZONA - Infestation low, October 28, in Gila and Yuma Valley areas near Yuma. Fields in full growth average two aphids per 20 trifoliate leaves and a high of 11 per 20 trifoliate leaves. Spotted infestation in Graham County not as severe as last year at this time. (Ariz. Coop. Rept.). KANSAS - Found in all alfalfa fields examined in Marshall, Nemaha, Brown, Doniphan, Jackson, and Atchison Counties. (Matthew). TEXAS - Building up in some alfalfa fields in the Brazos River bottoms of Brazos and Burleson Counties. (Randolph). APHIDS - KANSAS - Yellow clover aphids found on red clover in Doniphan, Brown, Atchison, and Nemaha Counties ranged from 4-20 per 20 sweeps. (Matthew). VIRGINIA - Aphids, probably Macrosiphum pisi, damaging an alfalfa field in Rockingham County. (Peterson). PEA APHID (Macrosiphum pisi) - KANSAS - Found in alfalfa of Doniphan, Brown, and Nemaha Counties from 5-60 per 20 sweeps. (Matthew), MARYLAND - Average 80 per sweep in alfalfa in Cecil County. (U. Md., Ent. Dept. ). -1019- MEADOW SPITTLEBUG (Philaenus leucophthalmus) - VIRGINIA - Still active and laying eggs in southwestern area. (Muka). THREE-CORNERED ALFALFA HOPPER (Spissistilus festinus) - TEXAS - Continues to damage alfalfa in Brazos River bottoms in Brazos and Burleson Counties. {Randolph). VIRGINIA - More severe than usual on alfalfa in Prince Edward County. Medium infestation county-wide. (Striplin). COWPEA CURCULIO (Chalcodermus aeneus) - TEXAS - Very heavy infestations on blackeyed peas in Willacy and Hidalgo Counties. (Wene, Deer). CLOVER ROOT CURCULIO (Sitona hispidula) - MARYLAND - Adults average one per sweep in alfalfa in Cecil County. (U. Md., Ent. Dept.). ALFALFA WEEVIL (Hypera postica) - MARYLAND - Adults aver- aged one per five sweeps in alfalfa in Cecil County. Laying eggs in alfalfa stems at University Farms, Montgomery County. (U. Md., Ent. Dept. ). FRUIT INSECTS A LEAFHOPPER (Colladonus geminatus) - OREGON - One specimen collected in Corvallis area, July 1. (Det. D. A. Young). This im- portant vector of virus diseases of peach and cherry was previously taken only at Dailas and McMinnville of Willamette Valley. (Swenson). BLACK SCALE (Saissetia oleae) - CALIFORNIA - Light to heavy infestation in citrus Orchards in western part of Riverside County. (Cal. Coop. Rept., Oct. 21-31). YELLOW SCALE (Aonidiella citrina) - CALIFORNIA - Medium to heavy infestations on citrus trees in Orland, Glenn County. (Cal. Coop. Rept., October 21-31). CALIFORNIA RED SCALE (Aonidiella aurantii) - Light infestation on citrus in Riverside County. (Cal. Coop. Rept., Oct. 21-31). OLIVE SCALE (Parlatoria oleae) - CALIFORNIA - Medium infesta~ tions in olives and shrubs in Willows, Glenn County. (Cal. Coop. Rept., Oct. 21-31). -1020- PACIFIC MITE (Tetranychus pacificus) - CALIFORNIA - Heavy defoliation during heat spell caused considerable sunburned nuts in Lake County. (Cal. Coop. Rept., Oct. 21-31). A WALNUT APHID (PRanaphis iuglandis) - CALIFORNIA - Taken August 30 for first time on walnut in Monterey County. Southern- most record for State, (Cal. Coop. Rept., Oct. 21-31). WALNUT HUSK FLY (Rhagoletis completa) - CALIFORNIA - Medium to heavy infestation in all walnut-producing areas in River- side County. . Collected in Kern County September 19, (Cal. Coop. Rept, ,, Oct.) 2-31). A WOOLLY WHITEFLY (Aleurothrixus floccosus) - FLORIDA - Nymphs moderately infesting mandarins at Winter Haven, Polk County. (Henderson). RED-HUMPED CATERPILLAR (Schizura concinna) - CALIFORNIA - Mediurn to heavy infestation in walnuts, Glenn County. (Cal. Coop. Rept. , Oct. 21-31). ve SWEETPOTATO WEEVIL (Cyias formicarius elegantulus) - LOUISIANA - Lightly infested potato fields generally, with a few local heavy infes- tations in southwestern area. Cypressvine (Quamoclit sp.) heavily infested at Centerville, St. Mary Parish. (Oliver). CUTWORMS - UTAH - Damaging voung sugar beets planted for seed in Washington County. (Hughes). MEXICAN BEAN BEETLE (Epilachna varivestis) - VIRGINIA - Adults and pupae numerous on fall crop beans not properly treated in eastern area. (Brubaker, Greenwood, Hofmaster). CORN EARWORM (Heliothis armigera) - VIRGINIA - Numerous and injuring lima beans and snap beans in eastern area. (Brubaker, Greenwood, Hofmaster). CABBAGE APHID (Brevicoryne brassicae) - VIRGINIA - Increasing on kale in eastern area. (Brubaker, Greenwood, Hofmaster). ~LOl1- FLEA BEETLES ~- UTAH - Damaging young sugar beets for next year's seed crop in Washington County. Some fields have been treated. (Hughes, Knowlton). a ee nen a cotton in Indian River County, October 14. (Burnett). PINK BOLLWORM (Pectinophora gossypiella) - Beginning with the western tier of parishes in LOUISIANA and extending to central TEXAS, north into eastern half of OKLAHOMA, as far north as inspection has been made, nearly all counties show increases com- pared with 1954. Results of gin trash inspection in CALIFORNIA have been negative so far. Results if 116 lint cleaner inspections in the Mississippi Delta areas were negative also. Is the older quarantined areas of southwestern Okiahoma 14 bollworms per in- spection were found on lint cleaners compared with 4.6 for the same period in 1954. Results of examinations of a substantial number of green bolls in northeast Texas show that nearly 100 percent of fields are infested and build-up in the few remeinixg bolls has been heavy. In Columbia and Hempstead Counties, ARKANSAS, 700 bolls and 300 blooms were examined and no pink bollworms found. {Pink Bollworm Cont, Prog. Rept., Oct. 16-31). been responsible for most of the pine mortality this year. August survey of Cherokee, Chester, Fairfield, Laurens, Newsverry, Spartanburg, Union, and York Counties showed about one million board feet of lobiolly and shortleaf pines killed on about 720 acres over a four thousand square-mile area since early summer. About 14, 400 infested pines are currently scattered through these counties. The outbreak is now endemic; but infestations in Union and Newberry Counties are still in dangerous numbers. SOUTHERN PINE BEETLE has shown considerable activity in Oconee and Pickens Counties during September and October. (Merkel, Barker). -1022- A. GROUND PEARL (Margarodes meridionalis) - FLORIDA - Nymphs 10-25 per square inch of root of ternstroemia at Gainesville, Alachua County, October 25. (Det. L. C. Kuitert), (Denmark). A SEAGRAPE BORER (Hexeris enhydris) - FLORIDA - Causing damage to seagrapes at St. Petersburg, Pinellas County, October 19. (Daigle). LILY WEEVIL (Agasnhaerops nigra) - CALIFORNIA - Heavy damage by larvae in one field. (Cal. Cocp. Rept., Oct. 21-31). PINE WEBWORM iTetraiopha robustelia) - MISSISSIPPI - Infesting 15 percent of an experimental 10-month-old loblolly pine plantation near State College. (Neel). A SULFUR BUTTERFLY (Phoebis philea) - FLORIDA - Larvae and adults collected from goicen-shower tree at Gainesville, Alachua County. Average 14 larvae per tree and have been defoliating these trees during September and October. (Weems). INSECTS AFFECTING MAN AND ANIMALS HOUSE FLIES - ARIZONA - Flies, mainly Musca domestica, popula- tion indices of two smail towns in southeastern Maricopa County and northwestern Pinal Counties: average of five highest grill counts in nine blocks, October 3l-November 4, was 71.6 compared with 32. 4, October 24-28. (Ariz. Coop. Rept. ). SCREW-WORM (Callitroga hominivorax) - ALABAMA - Heavy infestations in livestock in Autauga County during past few weeks. (Avcamnity: CLUSTER FLY (Pollenia rudis) - VIRGINIA - Annoying in house in Blacksburg. (Grayson). BLACK WIDOW SPIDER (Latrodectus mactans) - VIRGINIA - Control recommendations still being requested from northern and eastern areas. (Morris). BROWN DOG TICK (Rhipicephalus sangquineus) - MARYLAND - Engorged immature stages found in home in Prince Georges County. (Ug MCh, 4 Thales IDSjolts is ~1023- CATTLE LICE - UTAH - Threatening infestations in additional _ areas. (Knowlton). VIRGINIA - Various species, including Bovicola bovis, populations still low in Blacksburg area of Montgomery County. rner). BLACK FLIES - UTAH - Annoying to hunters in mountains of Cache and Rich Counties and in an area of Salt Lake County. (Knowlton). STORED PRODUCTS INSECTS ee i ee ee ee re ee ee ee CIGARETTE BEETLE (Lasioderma serricorne) - MARYLAND - Sa spices in Catonsville, Baltimore County. (U. Md., Ent. Depi. ). tations. Increased numbers of rice weevils and Angoumois grain moths over last year. (Warren). MISCELLANEOUS INSECTS PHARAOH ANT (Monomorium pharaonis) - MAINE - Pest in home with floors of pressed wood with sawdust between layers. Ants have been present for over a year. (Det. R. E. Olson). (Me. A.E.S.). OLD HOUSE BORER (Hylotrupes bajulus) - MARYLAND - Infesting structural timbers ofa new house in Frederick. (U. Md., Ent. Dept.). LADY BEETLES - MARYLAND - Swarming in a house in Leonards- town, St. Marys County. (U. Md., Ent. Dept.). CLOVER MITES - NORTH DAKOTA - Invading dwellings in many scattered points over the State. Appear somewhat later this year. (N.D. Ins. Rept. Serv. ). -1024- RECENT INTERCE PIMONS AL PORTS OF ENGR Of unusual interest was the interception of living larvae of the pink bollworm (Pectinophora gossypiella) in seed cotton in baggage from Mexico on three occasions recently at Calexico, California. (Allen, Koenig, Luke, Pruitt). On August 31 and September 5, two lots of infested seed cotton were found in the cotton picking sacks of two Mexi- can contract agricultural workers ("braceros"). On September 6, a third lot of infested seed cotton (approximately 5 ibs.) was taken from an open-end flour sack being used by the bracero for a pillow. On ex~ amining 1/2 of the 5 1b, lot, 25 living and 2 dead pink bollworm larvae were found. When questioned regarding the origin of the infested seed cotton, the braceros stated it was from Hidalgo, Edinburg, and Santa Maria, Texas, where they had picked cotton under contract during July and August, At the termination of their labor contract in Texas, the workers had returned to Mexico, had recontracted for a new assignment, and were re-entering the United States at Calexico with the infested material in their baggage to pick cotton in the California fields. Although the contract workers usually travel "light" with all their gear in a bundie, shopping bag, blanket roll, and occasionally a suit case, their baggage at times contains infested materials that present an added quarantine risk, inasmuch as they are headed directly to agricultural areas. At this time of the year these workers move in considerable numbers from Mexico to the United States through various ports, with as many as 36, 990 entering through the port of Calexico during September of this year. In addition to the pink bollworm larvae intercepted at Calexico, larvae of the avocado weevil, the Mexican fruit fly, and adults of the boll weevil were found in laborers! baggage.. At El Paso, Texas, inter- ception of living pink bollworm larvae in seed cotton in braceros’ baggage from Mexico included two interceptions on October 13, 11 on October 14, 7 on October 15, and 5 on October 16. The pink bollworm is a widespread and serious pest of cotton, ranked by some entomologists as the sixth most destructive insect in the world. It is known to occur in part of Europe, Asia, Africa, South America, Australia, Pacific Islands, West Indies, Mexico, and some areas of the southern United States where itis under quarantine. It was introduced into the United States, probabiy from Mexico, prior to 1918. In this country it is known only from Arizona, New Mexico, Texas, Oklahoma, Arkansas, Louisiana, and southern Florida. 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(Fenton). CORN LEAF APHID infestation 12-16 per linear foot of row on dry-land barley and 50 per linear foot of irrigated barley in Payne County. Found infesting wheat in Logan and Payne Counties, up to 10 per linear foot of row. (Coppock). A light infestation of BLACK CARPET BEETLE in stored grain in Canadian, Custer, Kiowa, Comanche, and Grady Counties, and a light to medium infestation of CONFUSED FLOUR BEETLE in stored grain in Custer and Kiowa Counties. A heavy infestation of RICE WEEVIL in one location in Kiowa County. (Stanford, Rogers, Coppock). CALIFORNIA - SPOTTED ALFALFA APHID causing severe dam- age to alfalfa in Stanislaus County. One planting killed out. Heavy infestation in southern Solano County, almost to the Yolo County mewn @ales COD, Rept). ines epee om f fhe i ~~ VOL.5 No. 46 NOVEMBER 18, 1955 Coc pera tive ECONOMIC INSECT REPORT Issued by PLANT PEST CONTROL BRANCH =] AGRICULTURAL RESEARCH SERVICE 20” UNITED STATES DEPARTMENT OF AGRICULTURE AGRICULTURAL RESEARCH SERVICE PLANT PEST CONTROL BRANCH ECONOMIC INSECT SURVEY SECTION The Cooperative Economic Insect Report is issued weekly as a service to American Agri- culture. Its contentsarecompiled from informa- tion supplied by cooperating State, Federal, and industrial entomologists and other agricultural workers. In releasing this material the Branch serves as a clearing house and does not assume responsibility for accuracy of the material. Reports and inquiries pertaining to this release should be mailed to: Economic Insect Survey Section Plant Pest Control Branch Agricultural Research Service United States Department of Agriculture Washington 25, D. C. Volume © November 18, 1900 No. 46 COO Pig yA I IW kh OO INC IMIG WINS C AN) Rah IP Oe aR Highlights of Insect Conditions CREENBUG unusually heavy and widespread for time of year in several Texas Panhandle counties, but none found in northeast and central Kansas counties. {(p. 10381). CORN LEAF APHID abundant on winter barley in Sequoyah and Haskell Counties, Oklahoma. Widely scattered on small grains in Texas Pan- handle. (>. LOST): SPOTTED ALFALFA APHID widespread in Platte Valley of Nebraska but economic infestation only in one area south of Cozad. Also wide- spread in some north and northeast Kansas counties. Reported from northern Utah, Still moderately abundant in that State. Infestations spotty in several Arizona counties. Cold weather apparently reduced populations in many areas of Oklahoma. New infestations in Arkansas in Conway, Pulaski and Lonoke Counties. (p. 1032). SWEETPOTATO \. EEVIL found for first time in Lincoln and LaSalle Parishes, Louisiana. (p. 1034). Viruses carried by STRAWBERRY APHID greater than normal in strawberries in Willamette Valley, Oregon. (p. 1035). SUMMARY OF INSECT CONDITIONS - 1955 ~ Indiana. (p. 1040). STATES reporting this week - 21. IK OK AE AK 2K OK 2K OK ARK 2 aK 2 CCK ak ok Reports in this issue are for the week ending November 11, 1955, unless otherwise designated. 1080 WEATHER FOR THE WEEK ENDING NOVEMBER 14, 1955 The week ended with a record-breaking cold spell in the Northwest after temperatures had remained at seasonable levels or above there until the llth. ‘The reverse was true in the remainder of the Country as tem- peratures, unseasonably low at the beginning of the week, rose to well above normal levels over the weekend, setting new records at many staticns in the Ohio and lower Mississippi Valleys. The week's pre-- cipitation was moderate to heavy along the Coasts and in the northern third of the Country, occurring in the latter area on 3 to 5 days, while little or no precipitation in the Southern Interior continued or increased soil moisture shortages in many sections. As cold air early in the week continued to move from the west across the eastern half of the Country, subfreezing minima extended south~ ward over northern Texas, and to central portions of Arkansas, Mississippi and Alabama. A strong southerly flow induced by high pressure off the Atlantic Coast and a trough in central North America resulted in a temperature rise into the 70's and 80's as far north as the Great Lakes and into the 60's and 70's in Pennsylvania and New York. Some late-season highs established on the i8th were Louis- ville, Kentucky, 80°; Indianapolis, Indiana, 77°; Little Rock, Arkansas, 86°: Sprinofield, Missouri, 80°; Springfield, Dlinois, 78°; and Memphis, Tennessee, 85°. Cold Arctic air began pouring into the Northwest on the 11th and by the 13th subzero minima extended over the eastern Dakotas, northern Wyoming, Montana, and northeastern Washington. At Cutbank, Montana, on that date the minimum temperature fell to -30° and the highest was only -9°; Seattle, Washington, had a low of 13° and a high of 23°; Portland, Oregon, a low of 24° and a high of 30°. Even Tatoosh Island, on the coast of Washington, had a low of 21°, and subfreezing minima extended southward throughout California's Central Valley. This cold snap resulted in much below~-normal average temperatures for the week---Great Falls, Montana, 18°; Williston, North Dakota, 10°; and Spokane, Washington, 10°. The week's moisture totaled over an inch along the Pacific Coast to below San Francisco, where heavy rains fell near the close of the period, in southern Texas (nearly all falling on the 9th), and along the Atlantic Coast. Most of the precipitation in the latter area occurred on the 9th, 10th, and 11th, as a storn system which developed over the Culf of Mexico crossed northern Florida into the Atlantic and continued northward parallel to the coast. (Continued on page 1043). miO3 le: CeRoal AND PORACE INSECTS CRASSHOPPERS - TEXAS - Widespread damage to wheat by Melany | olus mexicanus in northern panhandle counties. (Cleveland, Ashdown). UTAH - Still occurring in small numbers after repeated frosts, par- ticularly M, femur-rubrum. (Knowlton). EUROPEAN CORN BORER (Pyrausta nubilalis) - KANSAS - Abundance survey completed in northeastern area with average percent infesta- tion and number of borers per 100 stalks by counties as follows: Atchison, 37 percent and 65 borers; Brown 16 and 19; Doniphan, 49 and 168. (Matthew). ARKANSAS - Found in Lincoln County for first time. Five larvae in one staik of 100 stalks examined. Southern- most infestation of State. (Warren), rFALL ARMYWORM (Laphygma frugiperda) - TEXAS - Less than one per foot of row in small grains in Floyd, Deaf Smith, and most northern panhandle counties. (Cleveland, Ashdown). FALSE WIREWORMS - TEXAS - Severe infestations locally in Carson County, where some wheat stands have been completely destroyed. (Cleveland, Ashdown, Danieis). CORN LEAF APHID (Rhopalosiphum maidis) - TEXAS - Widely scattered in northern panhandie counties. (Cleveland, Ashdown). OKLAHOMA - Abundant on winter barley in Sequoyah and Haskell Counties, averaging 750 per linear foot of row. Found on winter wheat in Garvin and Cleveland Counties, averaging 70 per linear foot of row. Forty to 80 per linear foot in Payne County. (Coppock). CORN EARWORM (Heliothis armigera) ~- ARKANSAS - All instars present with counts up to 20 per 20 sweeps in alfalfa. (Warren). CHINCH BUGS - OKLAHOMA - Samples of little bluestem grass in Payne Saad showed an average of 1865 bugs per square foot. (Fenton), CREENBUG (Toxoptera graminum) . KANSAS - No greenbug found in wheat fields examined in Clay, Riley, Geary, Dickinson, Saline, Ellsworth, Rice, McPherson, and Marion Counties. (Matthew). TEXAS - Surveys of small grains in October revealed populations in Crosby, Floyd, Hale, Swisher, Castro, Deaf Smith, and Hansford Counties. Highest populations, up to five per linear foot of row, were found in volunteer wheat fields in Deaf Smith and Hansford Counties. Infestations spotted and very low in most seeded fields. This is the heaviest and most widespread occurrence for this time of year during past few years. Beneficial insects rather plentiful and expected to prevent heavy early populations from developing. (Cleveland, Ashdown, Daniels). ~ 03. BROWN WHEAT MITE (Petrobia latens) - KANSAS - Counts on drilled wheat from two to seven per linear foot of row in Dickinson, Saline, Ellsworth, and Rice Counties. ‘Matthew). TEXAS - Populations general but low in wheat in 23 panhandle counties in October. Less than one per foot of row except near Gruver, Hans- ford County, where 10 to 15 per foot of row occurred. (Cleveland, Ashdown, Daniels), UTAH - Abundant on fall wheat in some areas, scarce in others. (Knowlton). APPLE GRAIN APHID (Rhopaiosiphum fitchii) - TEXAS - Widely scattered in small grains in northern panhandle counties. (Cleveland, Ashdown). WHITE-FRINGED BEETLES - ALABAMA - Found for the first time in Washington County, October li. Comprises about 40 acres at Chatom. (WIV Prog. ). MEXICAN BEAN BEETLE (Epilachna varivestis} - NORTH CAROLINA ~ Aduits attacking aifalfa along entire edge next to bean field in Wake County. Adults attacking Ladino clover in Transylvania County, where 50 percent of leaves damaged. (Dogger, Farley). RHODES-GRASS SCALE (Antonina graminis) - FLORIDA - Nymphs and adults averaging 50 per plant of Bermuda grass at Ft. Walton, Okaloosa County. Infestation spotted in residential area inside base. (Mayeux, Oct, 26). WEEVILS IN CORN - SOUTH CAROLINA ~ Some noticeable increase in weevil damage to corn in the field this season over last several seasons in Marion County. ‘Thought to be result of increased rain- fall and moisture content. (Nettles). SPOTTED ALFALFA APHID - KANSAS - In all alfalfa fields surveyed in Clay, Riley, Geary, Dickinson, Saline, Ellsworth, Rice, McPherson, and Marion Counties. Counts ranged from 4-45 per sweep. (Matthew). ARKANSAS - New infestations on alfalfa in Conway, Pulaski, and Lonoke Counties. Counts high, 100 per sweep, in one field in Conway County. Two per 200 sweeps in Lonoke County. (Warren). NEBRASKA Infestation general throughout Platte Valley as far west as North Platte. No economic infestations except in one area south of Cozad, where counts were up to 300 per 10 sweeps. (Connin, Andersen). UTAH ~ Still moderately abundant in succulent alfalfa. Occurs at the Utah-Idaho state line north of Portage. (Knowlton). ARIZONA Increase over October 28 in Yuma region but generally not so ~1033- abundant as last year at this time. Infestations in a survey of 77 fields in Pima, Pinal, Maricopa, Graham, Greenlee, and Cochise Counties have been spotty, only an occasional field heavily infested. On one ranch at Amado, northern Santa Cruz County, populations sufficient to require treatment. (Ariz. Coop. Rept. ). OKLAHOMA - Reported from Cleveland County at 20-30 per linear foot of row on newly-planted alfalfa. Cold weather apparently reduced popula- tions in all eastern, central, and south central counties. Not found in many fields in this area. (Coppock). PEA APHID (Macrosiphum pisi}) - NEBRASKA - Very light infes- tation remains in Platte Valley area, with counts 1-10 per 25 sweeps. (Andersen). ARIZONA - In many of 77 fields surveyed in Pima, Pinal, Maricopa, Graham, Greenlee, and Cochise Counties, this aphid was as numerous as the spotted alfalfa aphid. (Ariz. Coop. Rept.). VIRGINIA - Building up on alfalfa. (Muka). APHIDS - NEBRASKA - Yellow clover aphids still active on red clover south of Cclumbus in Platte County. Populations light to. moderate. (Connin, Andersen). UTAH - Moderately numerous in some cases on earliest fall wheat in northern area. (Knowlton). TARNISHED PLANT BUG (Lygus lineolaris) - NEBRASKA - Adults beginning to hibernate. Now found in crowns of alfalfa plants. (Connin, Andersen). A SORGHUM MIDGE - SOUTH CAROLINA - Damage serious to grain sorghum in Lavrens County. (Cannon, Nov. ye STINK BUGS - SOUTH CAROLINA - Green stink bug abundant on cowpeas and soybeans in Allendale County. Have been very numerous this fall. (Rogers). THREE-CORNERED ALFALFA HOPPER (Spissistilus festinus) - ARKANSAS - Appear to be declining in alfalfa but still 8-10 per 20 sweeps to 75-80 per 20 sweeps. (Warren). FRUIT INSECTS SSS ee re ee ee ee ee ee unchanged and expected to remain high throughout November. High est activity in Ridge, Bartow, and West Coast districts. CALIF ORNIA RED SCALE, with 63 percent of groves infested, increased, with ~1034- Slight additional increase expected, and will remain high through November. Highest activity in Ridge district. CITRUS RED MITE, with 49 percent of groves infested, increased in activity and further increase expected. Highest activity in Indian River and Orlando districts. Activity has doubled in Orlando district in two weeks. CITRUS RUST MITE activity declined but level will remain high through November. With 77 percent of groves infested, highest activity was in Bartow district. (Pratt, Thompson, Johnson). APHIDS - UTAH - Fall migrants on peach and apricot trees in northern area generally below usual abundance. (Knowlton). A FALSE UNICORN CATERPILLAR (Schizura ipomocae) ~ FLORIDA - Larvae averaging a few per plant on lychee at Perrine, Dade County. First report of this insect on lychee. (Butcher, Oct. 10). Correction: The note beginning "SMALL CHESTNUT WEEVIL", CEIR 5(44):1006, should be replaced by the following: "CHESTNUT WEEVILS - SOUTH CAROLINA - Damaging chinquapin nuts in Greenville County, October 14. (Coleman). " WALNUT HUSK FLY (Rhagoletis completa) - OREGON - From early August until late September, 88 stickyboard traps located in 67 English and black walnut locations in 15 counties failed to trap the husk fly. (Capizzi). TRUCK CROP INSECTS SWEETPOTATO WEEVIL (Cylas formicarius elegantulus) - LOUISIANA - Found last part of October for first time in Lincoln Parish on nine properties six miles east of Dubach. One property near Tullos found infested for first record in La Salle Parish. (SPW. Cont. Prog., Nov. 10). HARLEQUIN BUG (Murgantia histrionica) - TEXAS - Heavy, local infestations on turnips, mustard, and radishes in Dimmit County. (Richardson). GREEN PEACH APHID (Myzus persicae) - OKLAHOMA - Infesta- tions on spinach at low levels, generally less than five per plant,in several fields of Arkansas River Valley. (Walton). SEED-CORN MAGGOT (Hylemya cilicrura) - OKLAHOMA - No infestations found on spinach in Arkansas River Valley during weekly examinations. (Walton). ~1LI35- SOUTHERN BEET WEBWORM (Pachyzancla bipunctalis) - OKLAHOMA - ae eer in a few spinach fields in Arkansas River Valley. Walton); VEGETABLE WEEVIL (Listroderes costirostris obliquus) - GEORGIA - Heavy infestation cf adults on turnips in a garden in Spalding County, Nov. 7. (Tippins). IMPORTED CABBAGEWORM (Pieris rapae) ~ MARYLAND - Larvae abundant on broccoli at University Farm, Montgomery County. (Cee Midse| Einty Dept.): CABBAGE APHID (Brevicoryne brassicae) - MARYLAND - Heavy on broccoli at University Farm, Montgomery County. (U. Md., Ent. Dept. ). STRAWBERRY CROWN MOTH (Ramosia bibionipennis) - OREGON - Larvae on crown of raspberries to within three inches of soil surface near Dundee. (Rosenstiel). STRAWBERRY APHID (Pentatrichopus fragaefolii (Ckll. ))* - OREGON - Viruses spread by this aphid three to six times greater than normal in Willamette Valley in fields with certified virus-free stock, (Rosenstiel). COTTON INSECTS BOLL WEEVIL (Anthonomus grandis) - ARKANSAS - Average counts per 50 feet of row in Lincoln County was as follows: October 6-7, 16.6; October 10-15, 14.6; October 17-22, 12.9; October 24-29, 7.8; and October 31-November 5, 5.5. Average counts in Chicot County were 16.7 week of October 25, 17.5 week of October 31, and 2.2 week of November 7. Counts from three fields in Hempstead County hea 00.3 adults per 50 feet of row. (Warren, Leigh, Lincoln). PINK BOLLWORM (Pectinophora gossypiella) - OKLAHOMA - Appreciably higher than last year’s counts in central and eastern fields. (Coppock). *Hille Ris Lambers, D. 1953. Contributions to a monograph of the Aphididae of Europe. Temminckia 9:72-73. ~1056 FPOREST, ORNAMENTAL AND SHADE TREE INSECTS -— = 1 SS SSS SS HS SS SS SS eS SS SSS in southeastern area. Definite increase in several logging areas in northwestern Bradley County. Trees being salvaged. Indications of increased activity of BLACK TURPENTINE BEETLE are not so strong as a month ago. Some damage and mortality occurring through- out southern pine area and continues as threat although activity is Static. Most of activity is in southern tier of counties. In areas of Arkadelphia burn plantation hit lightly by PALES WEEVIL previously, trees were being killed last week in October. From two to ten weevils per seedling. (Ark. State For. Comm.). COTTONY-CUSHION SCALE (Icerya purchasi) - FLORIDA - Abundant on mountainmint in a cultivated planting at Gainesville, Alachua County. (Det. L. A. Hetrick). (Denmark). CAMELLIA SCALE (Lepidosaphes camelliae) - VIRGINIA - Medium on camellias at various spots in York and City of Hampton. (Adams). 4 CERAMBYCID (Oberea myops) - VIRGINIA - Damaging rhodo- dendron and azaleas at one locality on the Eastern Shore. (Matheny). MIMOSA WEBWORM (Homadaula albizziae) - MARYLAND - Larvae infesting honeylocust, Havre de Grace, Harford County. (U. Md., Ent. Dept. ). BAGWORM (Thyridopteryx ephemeraeformis) - FLORIDA - Heavily infesting a Japanese holly hedge at Gainesville, Alachua County, October 31. (Det. C. Patton). (Denmark). JAPANESE BEETLE (Popillia japonica) - TENNESSEE - The light, incipient infestation at Mountain City, Johnson County, was treated and also contiguous farm land, in all about 750 acres. About 18 acres of land were treated in Jefferson County where two beetles were dis- covered on the property of a bean canning plant. (Bruer). INSECTS ARFECTING MAN AND ANTMA TS SCREW-WORM (Callitroge, hominivorax) - NORTH CAROLINA - Infestation in calves’ navels in late October in Richmond County. (Murdock, Jones), SOUTH CAROLINA - Reported from Dorchester County. (King). CATTLE LICE - VIRGINIA - Eggs present in large numbers on cattle in Montgomery County. Calves received from northern areas also had eggs and lice. (Turner, Raffensperger). BLACK WIDOW SPIDER {Latrodectus mactans) - VIRGINIA - Fewer calls than usual received by State Entomologist this year. (Matheny). MARYLAND - Several calls received from home oa in the Hagerstown area, Washington County. (U. Md., Ent. Dept. ). BLACK-LEGGED TICK (Ixodes ricinus scapularis) - FLORIDA - Adults collected from cattle, October 81, in Highlands County. (Harris). A BOT FLY (Cuterebra horripilum} - FLORIDA - Adult collected at residence in Sebring, Highlands County, October 29. Parasite of rodents; adults seldom encountered. (Weems). STORED PRODUCTS INSECTS JSQUD sh TSychiah RIL ale {Dermestes maculatus) - VIRGINIA - Has heavily damaged about a ton of cured pork at Richmond. (Matheny). MISCELLANEOUS INSECTS A VINEGAR GNAT (Drosophila hydei) - NORTH CAROLINA - In several homes and a heavy infestation around new farmers’ market hindering packaging in Wake County. (Scott, Farrier). A TWIG GIRDLER (Oncideres rhodosticta) - ARIZONA - Damage to mesquite unusually noticeable in a region north of Nogales. Most of the twigs of a certain size are girdled, Importance in keeping mesquite in check not evaluated yet. (Ariz. Coop. Rept. ). OLD HOUSE BORER (Hylotrupes bajulus) - MARYLAND - Larvae working in rafters and joists of home, Rockville, Montgomery County. (Ue Vite ints Dept). he ee BOXELDER BUG (Leptocoris trivittatus) - VIRGINIA - Annoyance in Nelson County and in York and City of Hampton by invading homes and collecting in large numbers on trees and buildings. (Adams, Whitehead). MARYLAND - Swarming on old house, Ashton, Montgomery County. (U. Md., Ent. Dept. ). CARPET BEETLES - MARYLAND - Causing damage in homes in Montgomery and Harford Counties. (U. Md., Ent. Dept. ). GIANT HORNET (Vespa crabro germana) . VIRGINIA - Becoming more troublesome each year. About 100 calls, letters, and specimens received each year by State Entomologist. (Matheny). "YeTMITeL ye sdevsy sort y,y ; g E E I G SI-9/TT 280020 Tg hh GZ T v1 €I-L/TT uojyseTzeyD (SeT]UNOD) VNITOUVO “OS T - S G/TI-TE/OL WALL 7s et S /TT-O8/01 Burpteds & 99 G/TI-TE/OT ayteTO = (SeTyUNOD) VIDUOHD LG g Z1-9/T1 udngny VINVAV IV Pri 61 C ES g PGi OT-G/TI +P TNITe L, VNVISINOT & OLE 7 12 O& IT-S/TT “21S ebeTloD SVXAL G € g eS el ueqyeyUe iN I 6 T Gila shel] SYSNVH ‘euimeh me “pei ‘bjuae dds uopsdA dim umdwn +. | ‘oHUY “Z104D StOsHY STYIOTISH etjIeq Stosuhy “hAydey ‘Tepnesd TSNOM OE MO Oa Venue Sia -1040- SUMMARY OF INSECT CONDITIONS - 1955 INDIANA Reported by J. J. Davis lessly due to activity and effectiveness of natural enemies. A few reports of abundance were received, but none warranted serious con- sideration, CUTWORMS (Peridroma margaritosa and Agrotis ypsilon) were encountered in a few areas but not as conspicuous and destruct- ive as in the past few years. The EUROPEAN CORN BORER (Pyrausta nubilalis) wintered over in somewhat larger numbers than the previous year, but the first generation provided only moderate to light infes- tations this year (1955). However, favorable conditions for the second generation, especially on late planted corn, resulted in considerable loss, estimated at about $10, 000, 00C.00. Breakage of corn, due to the corn borer, is slight when compared with the severe lodging caused by disease rot. The population of overwintering borers is tight in southwestern and southwest central Indiana, The average for the State is 172 borers per 100 plants, higher than for several years. GRASSHOPPERS, which were major pests in southern Indiana in 1953 and in northern Indiana in 1954, were unimportant in 1955, although there were a few isolated outbreaks in the northern part of the State. jeveral reports of damage to canning tomatoes were received from northwestern Indiana. It is interesting to note that BLISTER BEETLES were exceptionally abundant in southern Indiana in 1954 and to a lesser extent in 1955. CHINCH BUG (Blissus leucopterus), which threatened in 1955, did not materialize. Even so, there are many bugs in hiber- nation in some regions and with favorable conditions in the spring of 1956, they could be major pests. MEADOW SPITTLEBUG (Philaenus leucophthalmus) began hatching in central Indiana April 15. Infesta- tions were general but not as severe as in recent years, except in southwestern Indiana, where the infestations were heavier than usual. It has become a regular practice to spray for spittlebugs, which may explain less trouble from this pest. HESSIAN FLY (Phytophaga destructor) became very abundant the past spring, especially in south- western Indiana, and caused complete losses of the wheat crop in some cases. There were also considerable losses in some other areas, Although most wheat was sowed on the recommended dates, another factor entered in the picture. There was an unusually large amount of volunteer wheat in the fail of 1954 and many flies were able to pass the winter and attack wheat in the spring of 1955. Another possible reason for the fly abundance in some areas was the dry conditions which prevented fly emergence in the fal! and a carry- over until spring. FALL ARMYWORM (Laphygma frugiperda) was rather abundant in August on late-planted corn, including corn for ensilage. CORN EARWORM (Heliothis armigera), which was so abundant in 1954, was of minor importance this year. One of the larger LEAFHOPPERS (Draeculacephala mollipes) was very abund- ant on corn in August, with reasonable belief that they were responsi~ le for damage to foliage. CLOVER LEAF WEEVIL (Hypera punctata) was very abundant about the middle of April, but soon became heavily diseased and chemical control measures were unnecessary. CLOVER ROOT CURCULIO (Sitona hispidula) caused serious losses to second- year alfalfa in areas in central Indiana. PEA APHID (Macrosiphum pisi) was more abundant than usual in southwestern Indiana on alfalfa. GREEN CLOVERWORM (Plathypena scabra) was abundant in a number of locations, all reports on soybeans. POTATO LEAFHOPPER (Empoasca fabae) was responsible for considerable damage to alfalfa in most areas, —_—— a et ae ee ee ee western Indiana, STRIPED CUCUMBER BEETLE (Acalymma vittata) was a serious pest of melons and cucumbers in many areas. TOMATO HORNWORMS (Protoparce spp.) were a major pest in tomato fields; also in tobacco fields in southern Indiana. SQUASH BUG (Anasa tristis) was again a serious pest of canning pumpkins in southern counties. GREEN PEACH APHID (Myzus persicae) was abundant in a number of areas in northern Indiana during June and early July. POTATO FLEA BEETLE (Epitrix cucumeris) was un- usually abundant on potatoes and eggplant. BEAN LEAF BEETLE (Cerotoma trifurcata) was rather general and common on garden beans and soybeans. IMPORTED CABBAGEWORM (Pieris rapae) ’ was generally abundant in August. The COLORADO POTATO BEETLE (Leptinotarsa decemlineata) was reported by commercial growers as more abundant and destructive than for many years, especially on potatoes and tomatoes in the northern half of the State. Fruit lusects of cherry and pear; more reports than for many years. CREEN JUNE BEETLE (Cotinis nitida) was reported the last of August damaging peaches at Newcastle in central Indiana, farther north than usual. WALNUT CATERPILLAR (Datana integerrima) de- foliated walnuts over the State. SS SE SS —— ee ee ee ee ee ee ee ee ee throughout the State than for a number of years. ELM LEAF BEBTLE (Galerucella xanthomelaena) continues as an abundant and destructive pest, especially to Chinese elm. BRONZE BIRCH BORER (Agrilus anxius) has been responsible for the death of many specimen birches throughout the State. Household and Miscellaneous Pests was abundant throughout the State. It was reported as disfiguring lawns. OLD HOUSE BORER (Hylotrupes bajulus) heavily infested a home in Kokomo during August. A SUBTERRANEAN TERMITE (Reticulitermes flavipes) continues as a major pest of homes through- out State. Damp wood or rotten wood termites (Zootermopsis angusticollis) were again found in consignments of fir lumber shipped to South Bend from Oregon. Se Se ees eee ee ee ee ees MOSQUITOES ~' A telephone cali from A. L. Klatte of the State Board of Health September 19, reported a serious epidemic of St. Louis encephalitis, in Gibson County. Later A. L. Marshall of the State Board of Health reported that at that time there were ll cases with three deaths, all being in individuals past the age of 60. Later three more deaths occurred, making a total of six deaths out of 11 cases in this one region. Dr. Marshall stated October 26 that as the investigation proceeded additional cases were added from adjoining areas. By this date 60 cases were being studied as possible cases of encephalitis. He further advised of 15 or 20 cases of encepha- litis from Greene County, October 28. Previous studies indicate Culex tarsalis is the principal carrier of this disease, although per- haps other species may be responsible. Mr. Klatte, who conducted the mosquito survey in Gibson County, reports a heavy infestation of mosquitoes, which were predominantly Culex pipiens according to Jeterininations by J. A. Clark. According to Dr. Marshall, a complete report will be published as scon as investications are completed. AMERICAN DOG TICK (Derinacentor variabilis) was reported frequently; however, its seemingly unusual abundance is not retlected in an unusual occurrence of spotted fever. The State Board of Health reports only four known cases (one death) for 1955, in comparison to five in 1953 and five in 1954 (one death). WEATHER (Continued from page 1030). The Atlantic Coast storm produced heavy snowfall in the Appalachians and Northeast. Up to 4 inches were reported in western Virginia, 1C inches in western Maryland, 6 to 8 inches in Perry County, Pennsyl- vania, and 3 to 10 inches in western Massachusetts. Much of this snow melted on the 18th, In other northern areas snowfall occurred frequently. At the end of the week snow on the ground ranged up to 6 inches in northwestern Wisconsin, 2 to 3 inches in northern Minnesota, 1 to 4 inches over the Dakotas, and depths at lower levels in the State of Washington and the northern Rocky Mountain States ranged up to a few inches. Some higher stations in the Cascades reported over a foot. (Summary Supplied by U.S. Weather Bureau). WEATHER BUREAU'S 30-DAY OUTLOOK Mid-November to Mid-December 1955 The V. eather Bureau's 30-day outlook for the period from mid-November to mid-December calls for temperatures to average below seasonal normals over most of the area west of the Mississippi, with greatest departures in the Northwest. Above normal temperatures are indicated in Florida and northern New England and near normals elsewhere. Precipitation is expected to be subnormal in the Pacific Northwest, along the south Atlantic Coast, and in the far Southwest. In the remainder of the Country near or above normal amounts of rain and snow are indicated. This report released by the Weather Bureau on November 16, 1955. Visather forecast given here is based on the official 30-day "Resume anc Outiook", published twice a month by the Weather Bureau. You can Sibscribe throuch Superintendent of Documents, Washington 26, rice $4.80 a year, $2. 40 for six months. iy Pe i Beets i ne idee | JAVUN ee VOL.5. No. 47 NOVEMBER 25, 1955 esis | | : <623 Bye ay EM : 7 Cooperative ECONOMIC INSECT REPORT Issued by PLANT PEST CONTROL BRANCH Pat AGRICULTURAL RESEARCH SERVICE =. UNITED STATES DEPARTMENT OF AGRICULTURE AGRICULTURAL RESEARCH SERVICE PLANT PEST CONTROL BRANCH ECONOMIC INSECT SURVEY SECTION The Cooperative Economic Insect Report is issued weekly as a service to American Agri- culture. Its contentsare compiled from informa- tion supplied by cooperating State, Federal, and industrial entomologists and other agricultural workers. In releasing this material the Branch serves as a clearing house and does not assume responsibility for accuracy of the material. Reports and inquiries pertaining to this release should be mailed to: Economic Insect Survey Section Plant Pest Control Branch Agricultural Research Service United States Department of Agriculture Washington 25, D. C. Volume 5 November 25, 1955 No. 47 COOPERATIVE ECONOMIC INSECT REPORT Highlights of Insect Conditions SPOTTED ALFALFA APHID widespread in several Arizona counties with local heavy infestations in Pima, Pinal, Maricopa and Cochise Counties, Heavy in seedling alfalfa in Dona Ana County, New Mexico and reported in San Juan County of this State for first time. California and Texas also report on this pest. (p. 1049). New infestations in Arkansas. (p. 1054). CUCUMBER BEETLES very abundant in alfalfa in some areas of Arizona. (p. 1048). SAN JOSE SCALE abundant in some orchards at Fort Valley, Georgia. New Mexico reports a heavy infestation in Rio Arriba County and Cali- fornia has had medium damage in Tulare County. (p. 1049). ORCHARD MITE eggs heavy on apple trees in Rio Arriba and Santa Fe Counties, New Mexico. (p. 1049). TURNIP APHID medium to heavy on turnips in College Station area of Texas. (p. 1051). CATTLE LICE causing concern on feeder cattle in Utah, (p. 1053). A HORSE FLY (Tabanus calens) reported from South Carolina for first time. (p. 1058). SUMMARY OF INSECT CONDITIONS - 1955 ~ Wyoming (p. 1056), Montana (p. 1058). STATES reporting this week - 23. FORE AR ARI OR I RICK AK ARE A ACK 3K Reports in this issue are for the week ending November 18, 1955, unless otherwise designated, -1046- WEATHER FOR THE WEEK ENDING NOVEMBER 21, 1955 Severe winter winter weather gripped the Northwest for the second straight week. Over a snow-covered surface minimum temperatures remained at subzero levels most of the week in the northern Rockies, and early in the period they extended from the Dakotas to the Cascades and southward to central portions of Nevada and Utah, southern Colo- rado and western Kansas. On the 15th many stations in this area re- ported record-low temperatures for so early in the season, among which were Helena, Montana, -299; Spokane, Washington, -11°; Boise, Idaho, -39; and Ely, Nevada, -9°. On the same date Portland, Oregon, had a record-early-season low of 13° as subfreezing minima extended southward along the Pacific Coast to Bureka, California. At Salt Lake City, Utah, a low of -14° on the 16th was 12° lower than the lowest temperature ever before recorded in Salt Lake City during November. In sharp contrast, many eastern stations reported record or near record late-season highs on the 16th. Subfreezing minima in the course of the week occurred everywhere except in the Central Valley and along the coast of California, in southwestern Arizona, the Rio Grande Valley of Texas, Gulf Coastal areas and a few sections along the South Atlantic Coasi, and the week was abnormally cold except south of a line joining Washington, D.C., and fas Ouelete we, New Mexico, Weekly departures from normal ranged from 27° below normal at Havre, Montana, to 6° above normal at Tallahassee, Florida. Moderate to heavy precipitation occurred in a large area extending from southern New England and the Middle Atlantic States westward to the Mississippi Valley and thence southward over Illinois, Arkansas, and ‘Tennessee, also along the Pacific Coast, in most of the central and northern Great Basin, and in a few localities in the lower Rockies. Elsewhere amounts were generally less than one-half inch with light- est amounts in the South. The Florida Peninsula, western Texas, and southeastern New Mexico received virtually no rain ai all. Most of the precipitation in northern interior areas and on the north Pacific Coast fell in the form of snow. In the Far West snowfall early in the week and again at the weekend left several inches on the ground in northern and central interior areas at lower elevations and much greater amounts in the mountains. Warmer weather at the end of the period melted much of the snow at lower elevations. In central areas most of the snow fell on the 15th and 16th as an extensive cyclonic storm moved from the lower Great Plains north- eastward across the Great Lakes. Near blizzard conditions prevailed in the Dakotas where snowfall generally ranged from 3 to 9 inches and most of it remained on the ground at the end of the period. The storm also left an inch of snow on the ground in most of Kansas, Iowa, (Continued on p. 1060). - 1047- ———— eS SS eS ee Ee ee GRASSHOPPERS - NEW MEXICO - Adult survey indicates a total of 2,851,090 acres of cropland and rangeland will be infested next year. Infestations on rangeland make up 2, 735, 340 acres while 97,750 acres are cropland. Dominant species on rangeland are Drepanopterna femoratum, Aulocara elliotti, Cordillacris occipitalis, Phlibostroma quadrimaculata, Dissosteira carolina, Brachystola magna, Metator pardalinus, Hadrotettix trifasciatus, Ageneotettix deorum, Melanoplus femur-rubrum, M. packardii, M. gladston, and in one area of Union County several Dissosteira longipennis were found. (Durkin). CHINCH BUG (Blissus leucopterus) - NEBRASKA - Fall survey | corapleted in southeastern section of State. Preliminary examinations indicate good carryover population. (Andersen). HESSIAN FLY (Phytophaga destructor) - NEBRASKA - Fall survey completed in southeast, southwest, and western areas. Fifty tillers examined in each field surveyed with no puparia found. (Hamilton). Gee - TEXAS - Light locally on oats and wheat in Fannin County. reen), A CORNSTALK BORER (Diatraea sp.) - NEVADA - Correction; CEIR 5(46):939. This species later identified as a mixture of Heliothis armigera and Laphygma frugiperda. (Gallaway). CORN EARWORM (Heliothis armigera) - CALIFORNIA - Severe : damage to corn reported in Merced, San Diego, and Riverside Counties. (Cal. Coop. Rept., October). CORN LEAF APHID (Rhopalosiphum maidis) - CALIFORNIA - Severe damage to field corn and milo in all areas of Merced County, (Cal. Coop. Rept., October). ARMY CUTWORM (Chorizagrotis auxiliaris) - IDAHO - Survey of six fields previously infested in Idaho County in early summer failed to show any signs of presence of the insect. Disease and insecticides drastically reduced populations in Grangeville area, (Portman, Gittins). SUGARCANE BORER (Diatraea saccharalis) - TEXAS = Medium to heavy local infestations in several sorghum fields in Dimmit and Zavala Counties, (Richardson). - 1048- WHITE-FRINGED BEETLES - ALABAMA - Correction: CEIR 5(46):1032 reference to (WFV Prog.) should read (WFB Prog. ). SALT-MARSH CATERPILLAR (Estigmene acrea) - ARIZONA - Migrating larvae very abundant at Buckeye, Maricopa County. (Ariz. Coop. Rept. ). PLANT BUGS - CALIFORNIA - Lygus elisus in all clover seed crops in Sacramento County. (Cal. Coop. Rept., October). ARIZONA - Lygus bug iniury noticeable in an alfalfa field west of Phoenix; numerous adults at Solomon, Graham County; Willcox, Kansas Settle- ment, Elfrida and St. David, Cochise County; Avra Valley, Pima County; nymphs and adults at Buckeye, Maricopa County. Nov.1- 10. (Ariz.Coop. Rept. ). LUPINE MAGGOT (Hylemya lupini) - FLORIDA - Averaging one larvae per lupine plant at North Florida Experiment Station, Quincy, Gadsden County, November 1. (Webb). A LEAF ROLLER (Platynota stultana) - ARIZONA - Damaging alfalfa at Perryville and Buckeye, Maricopa County. (Ariz. Coop. Rept. ). LEAFHOPPERS - ARIZONA - Very abundant on alfalfa at Tucson, Marana, and Avra Valley in Pima County. (Ariz. Coop. Rept. ). A CUCUMBER BEETLE (Diabrotica undecimpunctata subsp, ) - ARIZONA - Adults very abundant on alfalfa at Duncan, Greeniee County; Willcox, Elfrida and St. David, Cochise County; and Patagonia, Santa Cruz County. (Ariz. Coop. Rept. ). ALFALFA CATERPILLAR (Colias philodice eurytheme) - CALIFORNIA - Unusually heavy infestation for this time of year in Los Angeles County. (Cal. Coop. Rept., October). THREE-CORNERED ALFALFA HOPPER (Spissistilus festinus) - ARIZONA - Much less abundant in Pinal County and at Theba, Maricopa County, than in September, although the Phoenix-Mesa populations still high. (Ariz. Coop. Rept. ). PEA APHID (Macrosiphum pisi) - CALIFORNIA - A general infestation causing up to severe damage in Monterey County alfalfa. (Cal, Coop. Rept., October). VIRGINIA - Increasing on alfalfa in Roanoke and Mecklenburg Counties. Weather expected to reduce populations. (Morris). ~1049- SPOTTED ALFALFA APHID - CALIFORNIA - Moderating in Los Angeles County. Has spread throughout Merced County. Local but heavy infestations in Orange County and light in Placer County. A heavy infestation in 240 acres of alfalfa in San Diego County. Light infestation in part of Solano County and light to severe infestations in Tulare County. (Cal. Coop. Rept., October). ARIZONA - Survey in 85 alfalfa fields showed populations present in all 85 fields in Pima, Pinal, Maricopa, Graham, Greenlee, Cochise, and Santa Cruz Counties. Single fields heavily infested at Avra Valley, Pima County; Eloy, Pinal County; Mesa, Maricopa County, and Bowie and Elfrida, Cochise County. Lady beetles conspicuously aosent in Pinai and Maricopa Counties. Nov. 1-10. (Ariz. Coop. Rept. ). TEXAS - Heavy, local infestations on alfelfa in Fannin County. (Green). NEW MEXICO - Heavy in most seediing alfalfa stands in Dona Ana County but light to non-existent on established stands. Reported in San Juan County for first time where 1200-1500 acres of alfalfa are heavily infested. (Durkin). FRUIT iNSECTS Se ee CODLING MOTH (Carpocapsa pomonella) - CALIFORNIA ~ Losses up ras percen: in San Diego County orchards missing one spray. (Cal. Coop. Rept., October). ORANGE TORTRIX (Argyroteenia citrana) - CALIFORNIA - Light to heavy darnage to apples in Santa Cruz County. (Cal. Coop. Rept., October). PEACH TWIG BORER (Anarsia lineatella} - CA LIFORNIA - Severe damace, from 30-40 percent, to unsprayed almonds in Merced County. (Cal. Coop. Rept., October). SAN JOSE SCALE (Aspidiotus perniciosus) - GEORGIA - Has in- creased and is now abundant in some orchards in Fort Valley area, November 10. (Snapp). NEW MEXICO - Heavily infesting apple trees in one orchard in Espanola Valley, Rio Arriba County. (Durkin). CALIFORNIA - Medium damage in deciduous orchards in Tulare County. (Cal. Coop. Rept., October). ORCHARD MITES - NEW MEXICO - Eggs very heavy on apple trees in Espanola Valley of Rio Arriba and Santa Fe Counties. (Durkin). GRAPE MEALYBUG (Pseudococecus maritimus) - CALIFORNIA - Severe damage to grapes in lulare County. (Cai. Coop. Rept., October). -1050- WOOLLY APPLE APHID (Eriosomalanigerum) - WASHINGTON - Four living nymphs in about 1000 specimens examined at Pullman after minus 14 degrees on November 15, (Johansen). Pe ae See ee Se Se Se Ss ee ee ES ee CITRUS RED MITE populations iow for this time of year in Los Angeles County and very low in Orange County. Light infestations in San Diego County and medium infestations in Santa Barbara County. CITRUS RUST MITE infestations spotted in lemon orchards in Santa Barbara County. CITRUS MEALYBUG infestations medium in ali districts reported in San Diego County. Very light infestations in Santa Barbara County. CITRICOLA SCALE infestations light to medium in Tulare County. SOFT SCALE infestations severe in some Tulare County orchards. COTTONY-CUSHION SCALE caused light to severe damage to citrus and some ornamentals in Tulare County and increas- ing with only a light population of VEDALIA remaining after insecticide application. YELLOW SCALE infestations light to severe in some Tulare County orchards. CALIFORNIA RED SCALE increased sharp- ly in Los Angeles County following hot weather. Local medium infes- tations in Orange County. Light to medium infestation in Riverside County and medium infestations in San Diego County and greater than at this time last year. Medium infestations in Santa Barbara County. BLACK SCALE infestations light in Riverside County and light in Santa Barbara County. (Cal. Coop. Rept. ). CITRUS RED MITE (Metatetranychus citri) - FLORIDA - Activity increased first week of November and expected to cause leaf drop unless control measures are used. (Pratt, Thompson, Johnson). HICKORY SHUCKWORM (Laspeyresia caryana) - TEXAS - Local medium infestation on pecan trees in Waller County. (Vaughn). TWIG GIRDLER (Oncideres Cingulata) - TEXAS - Heavy local infestation on pecans around Augusta, (King). WALNUT APHID (Chromaphis juglandicola) - CALIFORNIA - Severe ie 9000 re of walnuts in Santa Clara County. (Cal. Coop. Rept. , ctober). WALNUT HUSK FLY (Rhagoletis completa) - CALIFORNIA - Damage in walnut orchards in Sacramento County, very low in treated and untreated orchards in Los Angeles County and far below normal in San Diego County. (Cal. Coop. Rept., October). -10651- APHIDS - TEXAS - A medium local hickory bark aphid infestation on pecans near Stonewall. (Davis). TRUCK CROP INSECTS BEET LEAFHOPPER (Circulifer tenellus) - CALIFORNIA - Spraying of Russian-thistle in Fresno, Kings, San Luis Obispo, and Kern Counties totaled 200, 340 acres by aircraft and 1, 950 acres by ground equip- ment from October 4-20. Populations higher this season than since 1950. Overall average about 80 per sweep with up to 500 per sweep. (Cal, |Goop. Rept., Nov. 11). SALT-MARSH CATERPILLAR (Estigmene acrea) - CALIFORNIA - Moderate to heavy damage to artichokes and other plants in Santa Cruz County. Heavy damage to lettuce in Riverside County. Moderate to heavy damage to strawberry plants in Santa Cruz County. (Cal. Coop. Rept., October). TURNIP APHID (Rhopalosiphum pseudobrassicae) - TEXAS - Medium to heavy populations on turnips in College Station area, (Davis). CABBAGE LOOPER (Trichoplusia ni) - CALIFORNIA - Heavy damage to lettuce fields in Riverside County. (Cal. Coop. Rept., October). CUTWORMS - CALIFORNIA - Causing medium damage to broccoli, reel an cucumbers in Santa Barbara County. (Cai. Coop. Rept., ctober). POTATO TUBERWORM (Gnorimoschema opercuielia) - CALIFORNIA - Severe damage to potatoes in Riverside and Santa Barbara Counties. (Cal. Coop. Rept., October). A ROOT APHID (possibly Pemphigus sp.) - CALIFORNIA - Con- siderable damage to lettuce and sugar beets in Monterey and San Mateo Counties. (Cal. Coop. Rept., October). BEET ARMYWORM (Laphygma exiqua) - CALIFORNIA - Feeding on ripe cantaloupes in Los Angeles County. Heavy damage to beans in parts of Riverside County. (Cal. Coop. Rept., October). -1052- TOBACCO HORNWORM (Protoparce sexta) - FLORIDA - Larvae averaging one per tobacco plant in seed bed at Quincy, Gadsden County, (Det. W. B. Tappan). (Denmark). COTTON INSECTS SALT-MARSH CATERPILLAR (Estigmene acrea) - CALIFORNIA - Heavy By ee to cotton in Riverside County. (Cal. Coop. Rept., October). —— ee a ee es ee ee ee ee ee TURPENTINE BEETLES (Dendroctonus spp.) - TEXAS - Continue active in Cherokee, Nacogdoches, Walker, Montgomery, and Tyler Counties. (Tex. For. Pest Com.). A CARPENTERWORM (Prionoxystus sp.) - ARIZONA - Severe on elms in 2-3 blocks at Williams Air Force Base, Maricopa County, killing large top branches. Very young and mature larvae present. One specimen of leopard moth collected, indicating a mixed infesta- tion. Infested trees being removed. (Ariz. Coop. Rept. ). A PINE SCALE (Toumeyella pinicola) - CALIFORNIA - Moderate to heavy damage to Monterey pines in Santa Cruz County. (Cai. Coop. Rept. , October). ELM SCURFY SCALE (Chionaspis americana) - CALIFORNIA - Belen on elm for first time in San Diego County. (Cal. Coop. Rept., October). A SCOLYTID (Xyleborus morstatti) - FLORIDA - Adults severely infesting stems of dogwood at Goldstein, Hillsborough County. Numer- ous twigs killed, November 2, (Thalgott). CALIFORNIA OAKWORM (Phryganidia californica) - CALIFORNIA - Heavy ee to oaks in Santa Cruz County. (Cal. Coop. Rept., October). RED-HEADED PINE SAWFLY (Neodiprion lecontei) - TEXAS - Con- tinues to defoliate young pine plantings in San Augustine County. (Tex. For. Pest Com. ). -1053- A PUSTULE SCALE (Asterolecanium pustulans) - FLORIDA - All stages averaging 100 or more per stem on Calliandra sp. at Tampa, Hillsborough County. (Thalgott). MEALYBUGS - CALIFORNIA-Rhizoecus sp. reported damaging cape primrose in Humboldt County. R. falcifer reported becoming eee in nursery stock in San Diego County. (Cal. Coop. Rept., ctober). GRANULATE CUTWORM (Feltia subterranea) - CALIFORNIA - Heavy infestations in dichondra in Los Angeles County. (Cal. Coop, Rept. , October). BEAN LEAF ROLLER (Urbania proteus) - FLORIDA - Adults averag- ing 50 per plant on oleaster at Quincy, Gadsden County (det. W. B. Tappan) and averacing one per plant of bougainvillea at Sebring, Highlands County, November 11. (Wesson). A ROOT WEEVIL (Brachyrhinus cribricoliis) - CALIFORNIA - Defoliating myrtle in Merced County. (Cal. Coop. Rept., October). INSECTS AFFECTING MAN AND ANIMALS ee es rc me re ee ee ee ee ee ee ee ee ee CATTLE LICE - UTAH - Many feeder cattle seriously infested since heavy snows. (Knowlton). VIRGINIA - Solenoptes capillatus moderate to heavy on dairy herds at Virginia Polytechnic Institute. Bovicola bovis still light on the V. P.I. herds. (Raffensperger, Turner). CATTLE GRUBS ~- KANSAS - Beginning to appear in backs of cattle in central area of State. Of 20 head examined at one location in Saline County, three head each had a single grub. (Matthew). A HORSE FLY (Tabanus calens) - SOUTH CAROLINA - Taken for first time at Columbia, September 15, by W. J. Goodwin. (Det. A, Stone). New State record. (McAlister). BENEFICIAL INSECTS — ee ee eS ee ee ee LACEWINGS - CALIFORNIA - Quite abundant along with syrphids in alfalfa fields in Riverside County. (Cal. Coop. Rept., October). ~1054- STORED PRODUCTS INSECTS GRAIN BEETLES - SOUTH CAROLINA - Saw-toothed grain beetle reported as most serious pest in 40 years at Burris Mills, Anderson County. (Johnson, November 12). ‘Trogoderma versicolor found in barley from Spartanburg, September 22. (Det. W. H. Anderson). (McAlister, November 9). MISCELLANEOUS INSECTS ee ee en en ee ee ee ee ee ee ANTS - VA,-Winged forms emerging in Richmond and causing concern to home owners. (Matheny). Of recent interest was the unusual interception of 2 living adult ter- mites, identified as Coptotermes niger Snyder tunneling in wood packing cases in ships' cargo from Nicaragua at New Orleans, Louisiana. (Berg). This termite is considered a very destructive species in parts of Central America and Colombia, It is said to attack the woodwork of buildings, furniture, and wood articles in storage. It has also been reported causing injury to lead cables in the Canal Zone. Its importance as a pest is also increased by its habit of attacking living trees where its presence is usually not suspected until it is too late for control measures to save the trees. Fruit trees, including avocadoes, are more frequently infested. Swarming occurs in Central America in the early part of the rainy season, April to June. C. niger has been intercepted on 2 previous occasions: at Seattle, Washington, in packing cases of a doubtful origin, and at Miami, Florida, as a stowaway on an airplane, exact origin doubtful. This insect is not known to occur in the United States. (Compiled - Plant Quarantine Branch), ADDITIONAL NOTES SS ee ee eS eee ee ee ARKANSAS ~ New Infestations of SPOTTED ALFALFA APHID in Randolph, Clay, and Mississippi Counties on alfalfa. Presumed to be general over State since infestations found in all four corners and in central counties. BOLL WEEVIL adults still in fields, delay- ing trash samplings. (Warren). ~1055- ve OL VE8S BELL “xe ‘OUYy EZIAOyD sto1by 6 6G T 9 & GS & 9T & G SG V G th 61 LV 6GT Tv aol vol 8 €8 Vv v9 I 8 Ss VG tL eal O8T GL & & v Vv LG 607 G 9g sto Tad 09 CO STUIOTIOH Sled Stoady “bAydeyT ‘Tepnesd ‘YRINTIEL ye Sderzz ooly yy SEASIAL BUDO OZ-VI/IT uojseqzeyD (S8TWUN0D) VNITOUVO "OS ZL-9/TT WL LisS/Ari burpteds ZL-9O/TI ayIBIO (setyuN0D) VIDHORS OT/TT peeysemoy 6/TI OTTEOTUOINT OT/TT pzojues CI/IL eTtlaseurey varo la Gili GI at dingny VANVAV ITV Qt-G/TT aTitaeye4e QYII-L2/0T LOUIE /\ 9T-S/TI 4728534N}S SVSNVSIUV Seay Ul +UPTOT2 L, VNVISINOT CHS W/E quowneed GI-I/TT eae 4eqUT 8I-ZI/1T “eS ebSTIOO SVXHL GI-vI/TT ceca =e aie shey IAL aS SNOLLO@'T1IOO IVYL LEST -1056- SUMMARY OF INSECT CONDITIONS - 1955 WYOMING Reported by Everett W. Spackman barley and light damage to oats throughout the small grain areas dur- ing July. GRASSHOPPERS were generally severe in crops in Lincoln, Park and Big Horn Counties. Range species caused severe damage in the Big Horn Basin area, Crook County, Campbell County, Fremont County, Johnson County, Sheridan County, Platte County, and Goshen County. A range grasshopper control program was conducted in the following counties: Park, Hot Springs, Sheridan, Johnson, Platte, and . Goshen. The adult survey conducted this fall indicates a severe grass- hopper problem will occur in 1956. During the month of May a control program for MORMON CRICKET (Anabrus simplex) was conducted in Crook County (5, 000 acres) and Johnson Coan 000 acres). Excel- lent control results were obtained. A small band of Mormon crickets in Johnson County, not controlled this year, will no doubt warrant con- trol measures in 1956. There are a number of "hot spots" throughout the eastern half of Crook County, too small for aerial application in 1955, that will be checked next spring. ALFALFA WEREVIL (Hypera postica) damage was very limited this Season due to the large amount of control applied. PEA APHID (Macrosiphum pisi) was present in large numbers in general in alfalfa. GREENBUG (Toxoptera graminum) reported causing light to heavy damage to barley and oats in Crook County. ARMYWORM (Pseudaletia unipuncta) damaged oats in Goshen County. Control measures were applied and very good control was received. A LEAF ROLLER (Amelia pallorana) infestation was widespread in alfalfa seed crops in the vicinity of the Big Horn Basin. TARNISHED PLANT BUG (Lyqus lineolaris) was low in numbers in most of the alfalfa fields checked in the State. Heavy flights of ALFALFA WEBWORM (Loxostege commixtalis) moths laying eggs in June in the vicinity of Goshen County and larvae caused severe damage in Big Horn County. CLOVER SEED CHALCID (Bruchophagus gibbus) was causing severe damage in the alfalfa seed-growing areas again this year. CORN EARWORM (Heliothis armigera) was found in all corn fields examined during August. estation was not above normal in the areas where corn is grown. ARMY CUTWORM (Choriza- grotis auxiliaris) caused some damage to corn in June in Goshen County. -1057- WIREWORMS were of great concern during June, causing large loss to corn plantings. “ALE WESTERN CUTWORM (Agrotis orthogonia) infested winter whe .t plantings in Laramie County during the month of May. SWEETCI OVER WEEVIL (Sitona cylindricollis) caused damage in the vicir ity of Hot Springs, Big Horn, Platte, and Goshen Counties, It has nt been found in Lincoln County or the area known as the Star Valley. sweeps on Lyciur: in May. It continued to increase on non-economic hosts during Jun and infest early-planted potatoes and tomatoes. Dur- ing July there we re severe infestations on tomatoes and potatoes in Park and Gosher Counties. TUBER FLEA BEETLE (Epitrix tuberis) was found infest ng Lycium in early May, increasing in number per sweep on Lyciur: in early June when emergence from hibernation was noted. The larvae became very abundant on potatoes in July; good control was obtained on the fields observed. A BLISTER BEETLE was reported causing damage to potatoes in Lincoln County during July. BEET WEBWORM (Loxostege sticticalis) adults were noted causing damage to beets in early July. MEXICAN BEAN BEETLE (Epilachna varivestis) caused damage in a number of fields in Goshen County. Geese has never been reported from the Big Horn Basin as far as known, ee eee ee ee ee ee ee ce ees Seem ee Se ee ee ee ee ee coe ee ee re ee ee ee were normal during the season. Some control measures were applied in the cities. This fall, as usual, there were many reports of the CLOVER MITE (Bryobia praetiosa) causing a great deal of annoyance by migrating into homes. In general, where control measures were applied, the results were poor. There was apparently no increase in the BOXELDER BUG (Leptocoris trivittatus) populations. A few reports were received of the SPRING CANKERWORM (Paleacrita vernata) caus- ing damage in Goshen County. IMPORTED CURRANTWORM (Nematus ribesi) heavy infestations caused damage to currants and gooseberries during early July in Converse County. — Se ee ee ees ee a ee a ee parts of the State. CATTLE LICE reports from various sections 0 the State indicated normal populations were present. The SHEEP KED (Melanoplus ovinus) infested sheep in the southwestern portion of the State. Generally control measures were applied. -1058- SUMMARY OF INSECT CONDITIONS - 1955 MONTANA Reported by George Roemhild Cereal and Forage Insects Aulocara elliotti was still the most important range species with local damaging populations in Fergus, Gallatin, Madison and Broadwater Counties. M, bivittatus remained a problem in wheat field borders in the northern part of the State. M. differentialis occurred in corn in the eastern part of the State. M, femur-rubrum caused some crop damage in the lower Yellowstone Valley. Camnula pellucida was a problem in the southwestern area on range. Aeropedellus clavatus did local early damage to range in central area, CO LEAF APHID (Rhopalosiphum maidis) occurred in tremendous numbers on late- planted barley east of the mountains. No great amount of damage re- sulted but the huge populations caused alarm. ENGLISH GRAIN APHID (Macrosiphum granarium) occurred in wheat in eastern and northern arts of the State with little or no damage resulting. ALFALFA WEEVIL Hypera postica) surveys indicate this pest is present in most alfalfa- producing areas east of the mountains with the exception of the extreme northwestern part and the Gallatin and upper Missouri River Valleys. WIREWORMS and FALSE WIREWORMS occurred extensively through the northern tier of counties and into some of the eastern counties farther south, Soil and climatic conditions allowed some damage even though the fields were planted with treated seed. ARMY CUT- WORM (Chorizagrotis auxiliaris) occurred more generally throughout the north central part of the State and was less abundant in the south central part. PALE WESTERN CUTWORM (Agrotis orthogonia) occurred in damaging numbers for the first time in a number of years. Generally the infestation was centered along the upper Yellowstone River and in Madison, Gallatin, and Pondera Counties, and in other small local infestations. A PLANT BUG (Labops hesperus) occurred on barley in Yellowstone Valley, where it did considerable damage, and on wheat in Lewis and Clark County, where moderate damage was sustained. WHEAT JOINTWORM (Harmolita trictici) occurred in damaging numbers in Fergus County and in Rosebud County. WHEAT STEM SAWFLY (Cephus cinctus) has continued to expand its range in the State. Some areas in McCone and Roosevelt Counties suffered damage up to 50 percent along field margins where this pest was unknown four or five years ago. WHEAT HEAD ARMYWORM (Protoleucania albilinea) occurred in small numbers in Toole, Liberty and Hill Counties. LYGUS BUGS (Lyqus sp.) occurred generally -1059~ state-wide but were only controlled in those areas where alfalfa seed is produced. CLOVER SEED CHALCID (Bruchophaqus gibbus) was known to be harmful in only Rosebud County this year. Fruit Insects CHERRY FRUIT FLY (Rhagoletis cingulata) occurred in Ravalli, Missoula, Lake, and Flathead Counties. No outstanding populations were retorted, CURRANT FRUIT FLY (Epochra canadensis) is ’ important in most home garden plantings. WORM was exceedingly abundant on many of the farm and ranch shelter belts in the northern and central counties. COOLEY SPRUCE GALL APHID (Chermes cooleyi) is a perennial pest on most spruce ornament- als in the State. PINE NEEDLE SCALE (Phenacaspis pinifoliae) occurred only rarely this year. SPRUCE BUDWORM (Choristoneura fumiferana) caused defoliation of thousands of acres in forests nort of Yellowstone Park and along the Idaho border. SPIDER MITES, various species, were generally down in numbers this year. -1060.-- ee ee a Se ee ee — = were received, SOLPUGIDS were quite common and many inquiries regarding their possible damage were answered. DERMESTIDS were the most common and important household insect. Trogoderma versicolor is the most common species, TERMITES (Reiculitermes sp.) were reported from only two places in the eastern part of the State this year. EUROPEAN EARWIG (Forficula auricularia) is becoming a major household and garden pest in the southwestern section, especially in Gallatin and Park Counties. AOC RA ICR RAR RRR KR EK WEATHER (Continued from p. 1046), and parts of Nebraska, but the cover in these states melted at the end of the period. Several inches of snow also fell in the Great Lakes region where damaging winds accompanied the storm. ‘Two to 5 inches fell in Indiana, Ohio, the Middle Atlantic States, and southern New England, most of which remained on the ground at the end of the period. This was the first general snowfall of the season in the Northeast. (Summary Supplied by U.S. Weather Bureau). - VOL. 5 No. 48 DECEMBER 2, 1955 TEA BLS ge EW Coo pera tive ECONOMIC INSECT REPORT Issued by PLANT PEST CONTROL BRANCH. AGRICULTURAL RESEARCH SERVICE (, UNITED STATES DEPARTMENT OF AGRICULTURE AGRICULTURAL RESEARCH SERVICE PLANT PEST CONTROL BRANCH ECONOMIC INSECT SURVEY SECTION The Cooperative Economic Insect Report is issued weekly as a service to American Agri- culture. Its contentsare compiled from informa- tion supplied by cooperating State, Federal, and industrial entomologists and other agricultural workers. In releasing this material the Branch serves as a clearing house and does not assume responsibility for accuracy of the material. Reports and inquiries pertaining to this release should be mailed to: Economic Insect Survey Section Plant Pest Control Branch Agricultural Research Service United States Department of Agriculture Washington 25, D. C. Volume = Decetaber 4, 190d No. 43 COOPER A Ln EL CONOMEE INSE¢ h REPORT Highlights of Insect Conditions SPOTTED ALFALFA APHID increasing in Salt River Valley of Arizona, damaging new alfalfa stands in Major County, Okiahoma, and continues active in areas of California and Kansas. (p. 1065). Surveys show more BOLL WEEVIL in hibernation in South Carolina and Louisiana than in fall of 1954. (p. 1066). Results of STALK BORER survey in Texas in 1955. (p. 1063). SUMMARY OF INSECT CONDITIONS - 1955 - in Utah. (p. 1070), SURVEY METHOD for predators on cotton. (p. 1077). SPATES reporting this week - 17. FG OK EK aK 2 2K aK AO OK Reports in this issue are for the week ending November 25, 1950, unless otherwise designated. -1062. WEATHER FOR THE WEEK ENDING NOVEMBER 28, 1955 In the Pacific Northwest the severe cold weather moderated consider- ably last week, temperatures remained above the zero mark, and weekly averages were 15° to 20° higher than those for the previous week. Between the Continental Divide and Great Lakes, however, the weather was cold and windy with temperatures dropping below zero on 4 or 5 nights, and averaging i179 below normal for the week at Great Falls, Montana, and Bismarck, North Dakota. The lowest tempera- tures occurred during the week end as a cold wave swept down over the Central Interior to the Gulf of Mexico, On the morning of the 29th cold air covered the entire area east of the Divide, except extreme southern Florida, and freezing extended to some sections of the Gulf Coast - Lake Charles, Louisiana, 30°; Mobile, Alabama, 26°; Pensacola and Appalachicola, Florida, 28° and 31° respectively. Temperatures were unseasonably high in the southern_and central areas early in the week as Fort Worth, Texas, recorded 89° and Kansas City, Missouri, 71° on the 22d, and they continued on the mild side until re- duced by the weekend cold wave. From eastern Arizona to the Atlantic Coast temperatures for the week averaged 19 or 2° above normal. The week's precipitation was moderate to heavy in the Pacific North- west and in a large area of the South. In central and northern portions of Mississippi and Alabama these rains replenished soil moisture which had been depleted by warm, dry weather in September and early October. In the remainder of the Country precipitation was very light except in a few widely scattered localities. In Iowa, Missouri, and the central Great Plains soil moisture is short as a result of 6 weeks or more of dry weather. In the latter ardéas the Soil is becoming dry and loose and strong winds last week caused some light to moderate duststorms. Higher temperatures melied the snow cover at lower levels in the Far West except in regions near the Canadian Border. The cover ranges from 3 up to 10 inches in eastern Washington and from 60 to 80 inches in the Cascades where much new snow fell last week. The snow cover also extends over most of Montana, the Dakotas, Minnesota, and the Great Lakes Region. Depths exceed 6 inches in the northeastern quarter of North Dakota and northern portiors of Minnesota and Wisconsin, and range up to 17 inches at International Falls, Minnesota, and 11 inches at Duluth, Minnesota and Bismarck, North Dakota. A trace covers the ground in parts of Indiana, Ohio, and western Pennsylvania. (Summary Supplied by U. S. Weather Bureau), -1063- CEREAL AND FORAGE INSECTS EUROPEAN CORN BORER (Pyrausta nubilalis) ~ VIRGINIA - Survey showed the average larval population per 100 stalks as follows: 108 in 10 southwestern counties and 204 in 10 northern counties. (Morris). me ee es a ee es ee ee ee te ee es ee me oe ee es stalk borers and the intensity of infestations. The southwestern corn borer (Diatraea grandiosella) is the dominant species in the northeast- ern areas, while sugarcane borer (Diatraea saccharalis) is the chief species in the coastal areas, Cornstalk borers were found in 31 of 45 northeast counties. Infestations averaged from 0 to 48 percent by county. Only southwestern corn borer (Diatraea grandiosella) was found in this area. The infestations in general were lighter this year than last. Seven additional counties were found infested: Clay, Har- rison, Johnson, Kaufman, Montague, Panola and Rusk. ‘Twenty-seven counties were surveyed for sugarcane borer from August 29 to September 9, The borer was found in either corn or sorghum, or both, in 22 coun- ties. Infestation average in corn ran from 0 to 98.6 percent and 0 to 100 percent in sorghum. Sugarcane and rice fields were inspected in counties where they were grown. Light infestations of sugarcane borers in rice were found in Brazoria, Jackson, Victoria, Waller, Wharton and Matagorda Counties. The heaviest infestations were in Matagorda, Brazoria and Jackson Counties, where a few fields had up to 24 percent of the rice stems infested. Sugarcane was found lightly infested in Brazoria, Jasper and Polk Counties, with very heavy infestations in Newton County. (Davis). CHINCH BUG (Blissus leucopterus) - NEBRASKA - Examination of one-third of samples collected revealed a light to moderate infestation in southeastern area, Counts from 8 to 555 per square foot. (Andersen). SOUTHWESTERN CORN BORER (Diatraea grendiosella)- KANSAS - Light infestation in corn field in northern Wabaunsee County. About two percent of stalks girdled and living larvae found in lower part of girdled stalks. (Matthew). CORN LEAF APHID (Rhopalosiphum maidis) - OKLAHOMA - Reported in two fields in Canadian and Garvin Counties, 25 per linear foot of row, and from Alfalfa and Woods Counties at an average of 20 per linear foot of row. Averaged 38 per linear foot of row on winter barley in Garfield County. (Coppock). -1064- GREENBUG (Toxoptera graminum) - KANSAS - No infestation found in fields examined in Riley, Wabaunsee, Shawnee, Douglas and Jeffer- son Counties. (Matthew), SORGHUM MIDGE - SOUTH CAROLINA - Reported damaging grain sorghum in Lancaster County. (Cannon). SPOTTED ALFALFA APHID - CALIFORNIA - Light to medium in all alfalfa-growing areas in Tehama County. Infestations general over Kings County, where 3123 acres were treated. Moderate damage in Madera County and light to heavy infestations in part of San Bernardino County. (Cal. Coop. Rept.). ARIZONA - In 10 alfalfa fields used for periodic survey in Maricopa County, average population per leaflet November 17-18 was 4.06 compared with 3.36 November 7, 2.74 October 26-27, and 1.50 October 20. A steady increase in populations in Salt River Valley, reaching 12-23 per leaflet November 18. Most heavily infested fields show 25-70 percent damage, despite drastic population reduction by predators, diseases, hay-cutting and insecticides. Adults and larvae of lacewings and syrphid flies more numerous during fall than in spring and summer, although lady beetles not general in Salt River Valley during the fall. (Ariz. Coop. Rept.). OKLAHOMA - Severe damage to newly-planted alfalfa in Major County, with counts in 3 fields averaging 4000 per linear foot of row. Averages of 400-500 per linear foot of row in Kingfisher County, Counts in old alfalfa averaged 2500 per square foot in four fields in Major County and 400 per square foot in three fields in Kingfisher County. Only small num- bers in Payne, Logan and eastern Kingfisher County. (Coppock). KANSAS - Infestations from 15-200 per 20 sweeps in alfalfa in Riley, Wabaunsee, Douglas and Jefferson Counties. (Matthew). YELLOW CLOVER APHID - NEBRASKA - Infestation on red clover still exists south of Columbus. (Andersen). KANSAS - Averaged seven per infested plant in red clover fields of Jefferson County. (Matthew). LESSER CORNSTALK BORER (Elasmopalpus lignosellus) - TEXAS - Heavy, widespread infestations on winter peas interplanted with rye and in peanuts in Mason County. (Fuller). LEAFHOPPERS - OKLAHOMA - Killing small portions of newly- seeded alfalfa in Logan and Kingfisher Counties. (Henderson). - 1065- FRUIT INSECTS FLORIDA RED SCALE (Chrysomphalus aonidium) - FLORIDA - Correction: CEIR 5(46):1033 - California Red Scale should read Florida Red Scale, (Pratt). HICKORY SHUCKWORM (Laspeyresia caryana) - NORTH CAROLINA - Causing serious losses to pecans in Alamance County. (Bacon, Jones). TRUCK CROP INSECTS ee ee ee ee eee EUROPEAN CORN BORER (Pyrausta nubilalis) - PENNSYLVANIA - Infested 10 percent of pepper fruits in a 3/4-acre plot in Blair County, October 29. (Udine). SWEETPOTATO WEEVIL (Cylas formicarius elegantulus) - TEXAS - Heavy populations in wild morningglory plants over Houston County. (Nix). COTTON INSECTS a wee ee Se Se ee infested areas. Final inspections for season made in Mississippi, Louisiana, Oklahoma and Missouri. In 31 counties of eastern half of Oklahoma, where season's regular gin trash inspections completed, tabulations show three counties with no infestations, one county with decrease and 27 counties with increases compared with 1954. The 31 counties showed bollworms at the rate of 2,89 per bushel of trash com- pared with .18 for 1954. Definite increases in Coleman, McCulloch and Tom Green Counties, Texas. In Luna County, New Mexico, boll- worms found at rate of .15 per bushel of trash compared with 1.84 in 1954. In northern Chihuahua, Mexico, counts per bushel of trash showed reductions over 1954. In Oklahoma, southwest counties, 60 bollworms were found per lint cleaner inspection compared with an average of five in 1954. Average number per lint cleaner in El Paso County, Texas, was 188 compared with 11.5 for 1954. Counts in Dona Ana County, New Mexico, averaged nine per inspection compared with 4.3 in 1954, (Pink Bollworm Cont. Prog. ). -1066- near Tallulah in Madison Parish. This was 5.7 times the average number recorded during the past 19 years, 2.6 times the number found during the fall of 1953, which was the single year in which the greatest number was found during the 19-year period, and 5.0 times the number found during the fall of 1954. The number per point (10 samples) ranged from 726 to 51,062. An average of 3, 742 live weevils per acre was found in 180 samples collected in 8 additional parishes: St. Landry, Avoyelles, Rapides, Natchitoches, Red River, Bossier, Ouachita, Tensas. In the 5 parishes where collections were made in 1954 an average of 1.8 times as many weevils was recorded in 1955 as in 1954, For all 330 samples collected in Louisiana an average of 9,621 live weevils per acre was obtained, ‘Gaines, Newsom, et al). SOUTH CAROLINA - During the second week of November, 200 square yards of surface woods trash were examined from 20 farms in Florence County. Live boll weevils were found at various rates per farm rang- ing from 484 to 35, 382 per acre with average of 11, 398 per acre. This average is the greatest number found during the 13-year period that such examinations have been made. It is 4.9 times the average for the fallof 1954 and 2,3 times the average for the 13-year period. Between November 10 and 28, 300 square yards of surface trash were examined from 5 farms in each of 6 counties: Darlington, Sumter, Clarendon, Laurens, Horry and Orangeburg. Average for all samples taken in these counties in 1955 was 8, 260 weevils per acre against 1,499 per acre in 1954, or 5.5 times as many in fall of 1955 as in fall of 1954. (Walker et al). —— SS rn een en ee ee ee ae ee eee ee MEALYBUGS - OKLAHOMA - Medium infestations on dracaena plants in greenhouses, November 18. (Bower). A CERAMBYCID (Oberea myops) - VIRGINIA - Correction: 5(46): 1036-"Damaging rhododendron and azaleas at one locality on Eastern aoe sade read "Damaging * * * * one locality in Fauquier County. Morris). BEAN LEAF ROLLER (Urbanus proteus) - FLORIDA - Correction: aoe ee Urbania proteus should read Urbanus proteus. Denmark), A esa LIENS noo So AO *Each sample is two square yards. -1067- INSHCTS AFFECTING MAN AND ANIMALS CATTLE GRUBS - OKLAHOMA - At Oklahoma City, of 80 cows originating from Muleshoe, Texas, 15 had no grubs, 42 had 1-20, 16 had 20-50, and 7 had 50 or more. Of 31 two-year-old heifers from Osage County, Oklahoma, 10 had no grubs, 13 had 1-20, 7 had 20-50, and one had 50 or more. Of 76 three-year-old steers "fromm Hamilton, Kansas and Pawhuska, Oklahoma, 11 had no grubs, 43 had 1-20, 12 had 20-50. At Enid, Oklahoma, of 18 two- -year-old heifers from a 75-mile radius, 3 had no grubs, 7 had 1-20, 7 had 20-50, and one had 50 or more. (Coppock, Nov. 18). Averaged 20-30 per animal in western Payne County, eastern Canadian County and Logan County, November 25, (Howell). WINTER TICK (Dermacentor albipictus) - PENNSYLVANIA - Collected on cattle in Tioga County. (Gesell). BROWN DOG TICK (Rhipicephalus sanquineus) - NORTH CAROLINA - Heavy infestation in a home in Wake County. (Farrier). STORED PRODUCTS INSECTS Counties showed four premises infested with one. or more species. Infestations of BLACK CARPET BEETLE in three locations; INDIAN- MEAL MOTH in two locations; CONFUSED FLOUR BEETLE, CADELLE, and COWPEA WEEVIL each from one location. No KHAPRA BEETLE found, November 18. A survey of 17 bins in Major and northern Blaine Counties showed six bins with one or more species of insects. Grading screens used to screen a one-quart sample. Three of five bins of wheat yielded one CADELLE, 54 BLACK CARPET BEETLE larvae and 11 LESSER GRAIN BORERS, One of three barley bins yielded two CADELLES., Cne of the two milo bins yielded four CONFUSED FLOUR BEETLES, six LESSER GRAIN BEETLES, five BLACK CARPET BEETLE adults, 78 BLACK CARPET BEETLE larvae. One bin of oats and wheat mixture yielded 25 GRANARY WEEVILS, 8 BLACK CARPET BEETLE larvae, November 25, (Coppock). CRAIN MITE (Acarus siro) - OREGON - Large numbers in stored wheat at Prineville, November 3, (Det. G. Krantz). (Goeden). A MITE (Histiogaster carpio) - OREGON - In tapioca starch at a paper mill in Oregon City, October 26. (Det. H.H.S. Nesbitt). (Garoian). ~1068~ "09-209 “009:(G) Sh “UA “UooM “snore "WAOMICS ULOD 9Y} JO SINJETOUSWIOU PU UOTINGTASTIN oy, "CCBL “1'H ‘ppor, ‘Joy “ATSnotaeid ezebrure “H se poysodey, G T GZ? 61 LE 8S-Z2/TI uo{seTIeYO T T 9Z-02/TT Sau00C (setquN[0D) VNIIOUVO HLNOS G GZ-6I/T1 UINGNY VINVAIV IV (Sderq, S) v GIS 4 6& 9L ol 6sOT GZ-6T/TI YeINre L VYNVISINO'I Ge 626 oll 19 GPL CH) ooe[se | 009 T 6E1 9 DS 06S CZ-6I/IT “eis ebetloD SV Xa.L G if T VZ-6I/TI ue}TeYUUBIN SVSNV4I ‘euwMeb “xne "pero ~ B8Z ‘dds uopisdA -di6naz -undtun ‘OUYy “Zl40yO Stosuby sSTOTISH eNIEad stosby “‘bAydeT “Tepnesd SNOLLOETIOO dVUL LHOIT ~1069- MISCELLANEOUS INSECTS COCKROACHES - TEXAS - Medium to heavy infestation of Blatella germanica in many homes in Menard County. Apparently resistant to Chlordane. (Mullins). VIRGINIA - Heavy infestation in a home in Loudoun County. (Rowell). GIANT HORNET (Vespa crabro germana) - VIRGINIA - Nesting under eaves, siding and in woods of Blacksburg and annoying families in area. Also Stripping bark from lilacs. (Rowell). POWDER-POST BEETLES - VIRGINIA - Have heavily damaged poplar timbers in a residence at West Point. (Rowell). -1070- SUMMARY OF INSECT CONDITIONS - 1955 UTAH Reported by CG.) BH. knowlton, Bile. Dorst,eD We yDayiss iin Thornley, F. V. Lieberman, D. R. Parker, G. H. Kaloostian, F. C. Harmston, L. E, Pronk, and County Agricultural Agents. damage. Control was applied to approximately 81,000 acres, which protected vegetation on at least 323, 000 acres of crop and range lands. This saved an estimated $690,000. Aircraft sprayed 66, 404 acres; the balance was sprayed by ground equipment. In several areas, spring storms and cold markedly reduced anticipated grasshopper outbreaks. The more injurious species were Melanoplus mexicanus, Camnula ellucida, M. bivittatus, Aulocara elliotti, M. femur-rubrum and M, packardil. MORMON CRICKETS (Anabrus simplex) were baited over 4, acres by aircraft in time to minimize range losses. An addition- al 10,314 acres were baited by ground equipment. SPOTTED ALFALFA APHID infested 21 of Utah's 29 counties during the year. It caused an estimated hay and alfalfa seed loss exceeding $500,000. PEA APHID (Macrosiphum pisi) damaged canning peas in northern Utah and injured alfalfa in scattered areas. LYGUS BUGS (largely Lygus elisus, L. hesperus and L. desertus) were abundant and commonly injurious to the alfalfa seed crop wherever control was delayed or omitted, Other forage crops and weeds were conspicuously infested throughout the season, A PLANT BUG (Adelphocoris superbus) caused.some injury to buds on alfalfa seed crops. SWEETCLOVER WEEVIL (Sitona cylindricollis) spread to several additional counties. ALFALFA WEEVIL (Hypera postica) was damaging where early spring control was omitted. An estimated 30 percent of all alfalfa grown in Utah received early-spring stubble spray, in spite of rains. ALFALFA CATERPILLAR (Colias philodice eurytheme) damaged more than 1000 acres of second crop alfalfa in Millard County; generally moderate elsewhere. A LEAF TIER (Amelia pallorana) caused only light injury. ARMY CUTWORM (Choriza- Qrotis auxiliaris) caused spotted injury to alfalfa, small grains and range in many counties. WESTERN YELLOW-STRIPED ARMYWORM (Pro- denia praefica) damaged alfalfa and sometimes truck crops in Cache, Morgan, Weber, Summit and Wasatch Counties; damage by P. ornitho- galli was local in southern Utah, BROWN WHEAT MITE (Petrobia latens) caused losses of two to three bushels per acre on about 5000 -1071- acres of wheat and barley. However, in general, timely rains kept populations low. Fall populations were high {50 to 100 per linear foot of drill row) on about 8000 acres. CORN LEAF APHID ‘Rhopalosiphum maidis) damaged thousands of acres of spring barley in twelve coun- ties, and corn and irrigated wheat to a lesser extent. In some areas ENGLISH GRAIN APHID (Macrosiphum granarinum) injured wheat. MIRIDS (largely Stenotus RCE VET caused damage to grasses in sev- eral areas. STINK BUGS (Chlorochroa sayi and others) caused only light damage to small grains and alfalfa seed. Local injury to corn from sap beetles, to alfalfa and wheat from leafhoppers, tc alfalfa from treehoprers, western harvester ant, and miscellaneous mites. CLOVER SEED CHALCID (Bruchophaqus gibbus) caused economic damage quite generally in seed-producing areas. Bruit Insects APHID infestations generally were below normal during the season. However, the BLACK CHERRY APHID (Myzus cerasi) caused con- aac damace commonly. WOOLLY APPLE APHID (Ericsoma lanigerum) was a problem in many apple orchards. CODLING MOTH (Carpocapsa pomonella) infestations varied from low to more than fifty percent injured apples and pears. FRUIT TREE LEAFROLLER injury was moderate. A LEAFHOPPER (Colladonus geminatus) was scarce in alfalfa fields. SAN JOSE SCALE (Aspidiotus perniciosus) found in many small orchards. CLOVER MITE (Br yobia ia praetiosa) was most commen and damaging mite, with spotted injury irom EUROPEAN RED MITE (Metatetranychus ulmi) and moderate late season demage from TWO SPOTTED SPIDER MITE (Tetrenychus telarius, L. medanieli, and, at Moab, T. canadensis on apple and peach. T. canadensis was recorded in Utah for first time in 1955. (Det. E, W. Baker), A CHERRY RUST MITE (Vasates fockeut) and PEACH SILVER MITE (Vasates cor- nutus) also infested orchards in several counties. PEAR-SLUG (Caliroa cerasi) caused moderately severe damage to cherries and sonie injury fo pear, plum and hawthorn foliage. The CALIFORNIA PRIONUS (Pricnus californicus) killed 12 apple trees and 36 apricot trees ina large orchard at Holladay. CAT-FACING INSECTS “caused slightly less damage to peaches, pears and apples than during 1954. PEACH TREE BORER ( (Sanninoidea , exitiosa) damage was general and oiten serious in stone fruit orchards throughout the S tate, PEACH TWIG BORER (Anarsia lineatella) caused moderate to light injury to apricots, peaches, “and sometimes to plums. PEAR THRIPS (Taeniothrips inconsequens) were moderately numerous in spring. CHERRY FRUIT- WORM (Grapholitha packardi) infested cherries in a few Utah and Cache County orchards, SHOT HOLE BORERS damaged cherry, peach and -1072- apricot trees in some old, neglected or weakened orchards. What appeared to be WALNUT HUSK FLY severely darnayed English and black walnuts at Ogden. WESTERN GRAPE LEAF SKELETONIZER (Harrisina brillians) was almost completely controlled by parasites. CRAPE BERRY MOTH (Polychrosis viteana) larval damage was about fifty percent of 1954, in Washington County. CURRANT APHID (Capi- tophorus ribis) commonly attacked and distorted leaves of red currant. Injury from other berry-crop aphids generally was mcderate. CURRANT FRUIT FLY damage was normal. STRAWBERRY LEAFROLLER injury occasionally was conspicuous. SNOWY TREE CRICKET injury fairly common, and the STRAWBERRY CROWN MOTH (Ramosia bibionipennis) infested strawberry plants at Provo. ROOT WEEVILS (Brachyrhinus ovatus, B. rugosostriatus, and sometimes B. sulcatus) caused damage to many strawberry patches, with occasional injury to raspberries, ‘Truck Crop_Insects TOMATO FRUITWORM (Heliothis zea (Boddie))* surveys showed egg population on tomato leaves averaged O. 5 per hundred leaves in late June and early July. The count decreased with egg deposition on early corn very low. At main fruit set on tomatoes in early August, ego population had decreased from 0, 07 to 0.01 eggs per hundred leaves; consequently, no insecticides were applied to canning corn or tomatoes, saving growers about $80, 000, which is normally expended for control of this insect on these two crops. Infestation on early market sweet corn in northern Utah in July averaged less than three percent. In can- ning corn in August and September, infestation increased slightly but generally averaged less than ten percent, Infestation on market corn in southern Utah was 50-100 percent. TOMATO RUSSET MITE (Masates lycopersici) infestations were light. in three tomato fields in northern Utah, BEET LEAFHOPPER (Circulifer tenellus) in the eight local breeding grounds of northern and eastern Utah had a low overwintering population, except the Rozel, Tooele Valley, Skuil Valley and West Mountain areas, whicn averaged 0.02, 0.013, 0.018 and 0, 013 leaf- hoppers, respectively. Light-form migrants or long distance migrants and nymphs were observed in the local breeding grounds of northern Utah in early May. Leafhopper population on susceptible crops was moderate to heavy in southern and central areas and light to moderate in northern area, Light populations are 0.3 to 0.5 per square foot, moderate 0,6 to 0.9, and heavy over 1 per square foot. *Todd, E. L. 1955. The distribution and nomenclature of the corn earworm. Jour. Econ, Ent. 48(5):600, 602-608. -1073- Curly top damage to tomatoes in the canning crop area of northern Utah averaged about eight percent. Damage to early market plant- ing in southern Utah averaged about 60 percent. Sugar beet yields in the lower portion of central Utah were reduced approximately three tons per acre this year because of populations of over one beet leafhopper per foot of beet row in early spring. A VINEGAR GNAT (Drosophila melanogaster) was present in large numbers on tomatoes in northern Utah in mid-to-late September. Populations wers slightly below a year ago. APHIDS were-below normal in general on potatoes, celery, beans and carrots, SIX-SPOTTED LEAF HOPPER (Macrosteles fascifrons), a LEAFHOPPER (Empoasca filamenta), and POTATO PSYLLID (Paratrioza cockerelli) caused Spotted injury, but were be-~ low normal in abundance. FLEA BEETLES caused serious damage to young corn and fall injury to small beets planted for seed crop in Washington County. MELON APHID (Aphis gossypii)damaged melons and cucumbers in local areas. SQUASH BUC (nasa tristis) caused normal injury. CORN LEAF APHID (Rhopalosiphum maidis) and mites caused local damage to sweet corn in northern and central areas and ~ to corn in Washington County. No POTATO TUBERWORM (Gnorimo~ schema operculella) found in field inspections, sorting sheds or cellars. COLORADO POTATO BEETLE (Leptinotarsa decemlineata) was damag- ing in south Kane County; few in Weber and Davis Counties. MEXICAN BEAN BEETLE (Epilachna varivestis) damaged beans in several coun- ties. SPOTTED AND STRIPED CUCUMBER BEETLES caused moderate cucurbit damage. ASPARAGUS BEETLES (Criocerus asparagi) pro- duced limited damage in Weber and Davis Counties. ONION ‘THRIPS (Thrips tabaci) injury was common and average. CUTWORMS damaged sugar beets in Carbon County. GARDEN CENTIPEDE caused scattered damage in home gardens. ——— — — SS Se ee = — ee ee ee and severity. DOUGLAS-FIR BEETLE (Dendroctonus pseudotsugae) is killing timber in many fir stands. Infestations are spotty in character but rather widely distributed. A BLOTCH LEAF MINER (Paraleucoptera albella) damaged thousands of cottonwood trees along the Sevier River, MOUNTAIN PINE BEETLE (D. Monticolae) has become more severe on Wasatch National Forest. -1074- BOX ELDER LEAF ROLLER (Gracilaria negundana) dainage was much less extensive than in 1954, COOLEY SPRUCE GALL APHID (Chermes cooleyi) and the PINE NEEDLE SCALE (Phenacaspis pinifoliae) dam- | aged susceptible hosts in various localities. ROUND-HEADED and FLAT-HEADED BORERS damaged ash, maple and other shade trees. LEAFHOPPER damage to elms was below average. A MITE,.Tetrany- chus canadensis, infested mulberry and walnut and Hotetranychus wel- doni infested weeping willows at Moab. LEAFHOPPERS \Erythroneura ziezac and other spp.) severely damaged Virginia creepers during late summer in many localities. ROSE LEAFHOPPER (Typhlocyba rosae) was a common pest, discoloring rose foliage. Mite damage was moder- ate to roses. SPIREA APHID (Aphis spiraecola) became extremely numerous. Aphids were also common on oleander in Washington County, on pyracantha in some areas, and on willows. GLADIOLUS THRIPS (Taeniothrips simplex) injured gladiolus, while the western flower thrips has been abundant in most garden and wild flower blossoms. WHITE GRUBS damaged lawns in a number of localities. EUROPEAN FARWIG (Forficula auricularia) again was a serious pest in yards, home vegetable gardens, and attacking ripe fruits about the home grounds. Sa ee a a Se — ee ee ee ee ee eee Cattle in most counties. NOSE BOTS were fairly common in sheep. HORN FLY (Siphona irritans) was abundant and caused economic loss throughout Utah. STABLE FLY (Stomoxys calcitrans), HORSE FLIES and DEER FLIES were moderately annoying generally; severe in lim- ited areas. HOUSE FLY (Musca domestica) often was abundant where livestock were kept. ROACHES, Oe brown-banded and oriental, infested many homes, some hotels, auto courts, restaur- ants, a hospital and stores. SUBTERRANEAN TERMITES damaged numerous homes, garages and other buildings. POULTRY MITES and LICE, and HOG LICE were fairly common, sometimes present in great abundance. EAR TICK (Otobius mae qnini) was less troublesome _ than during 1954 or 1958, ‘TICKS, particularly Dermacentor andersoni, were numerous during spring on cattle and horses, and sometimes attacked persons on range lands. BLOW FLIES were common, and Wohlfahrtia opaca larvae sometimes attacked livestock, mink and other animals. A SNIPE FLY pee hirta) annoyed man in a number of canyons. SHEEP KED (Melophagus ovinus) was abundant and injurious generally in winter. -1075-~ MOSQUITO populations in norlhern Utah were iower during che spring of 1955 than during the previous spring, because of prevailing cold weather in March and April. In Cache County, aduli mosquito activity became apparent during the last week in April, when a few Culex tar-_ salis and Anopheles freeborni were taken while biting humans in houses and out of doors, With warmer weather in May, buildup of several Aedes species was accelerated and considerable annoyance to urban and rural residents resulted from attacks by Aedes dorsalis, A. increpitus, and A. vexans. High populations of Culex tarsalis became noticeable by the middle of Juiy. In the Logan Canyon and certain other recreational areas of northern Utah, Aedes pullatus was pestiferous during July. High populations of Culex tarsalis and Aedes dorsalis were found in irrigated areas, where the improper management of water was responsible for production of numerous broods of mosquitoes. Annoyance from Mansonia perturbans was higher in 1955 than during the previous season, whereas the opposite was the case with Culex erythrothorax. Mosquito control in Weber County involved 18,000 acres treated by aircraft, 6,000 acres by ground sprayer, plus extensive misting; 16,597 feet of ditches dug and 3, 998 feet cleaned, A total of 11,871 gallons of insecticide wag used for fogging along 2,625 miles of roadway. Six light traps, operated from April 15 to October 1 at six locations, averaged 31.5 mosquitoes per night. The three operated on the western shore line, nearer Great Salt Lake, averaged 59.5 per night, while in residence areas to the east the average was 4.2 mosquitoes per night. A total of 17, 900 Gambusia fish were planted to aid control. Spa OWT SU IR AW JN IMIS OP JElO) IDS) Predators on Cotton Predators were surveyed by various methods in two fields of cotton in the Arkansas-Mississippi River Delta at Varner, Arkansas, for 6 weekly counts, June 29-August 4. Blooms were available for only the last 5 and the last 3 counts. No insecticides were used during the peri- od of observations. Table 1. Combined totals of predators for 6 weekly counts in 2 fields. Counts made by sweeping, shaking plants over cloth stretched on board frame, examining whole plants, blooms, terminals, leaves and squares. Sweeping Shaking Examination of - 2400 swps. 317 plts. 317whole 800 1200 1200 2200 Total plants blms. tmls. lvs. sas. —_— ee ee ee et ee ee es a ee —— — eee ee Lady beetles adults 25 35 34 2a 17 1) oy Sil ys) larvae if uf) 8 14 5 iL 5 39) Banded thrips aduits 5 ail 88 10 aaNet a 207 Insidious fl. bug - adults 3 56 04 a2 ao 6) 31 205 nymphs O 19 58) ils 2 6 11 124 Big-eyed bug adults 22 20 18 5 14 2 1 82 nymphs 4 10 if 5 2 0) 2 30 Lacewing fly adults 10 2 Alu 0 3 2 2 30 larvae 2 19 18 10 i 0 4 4. eggs 0 0 132 5) 3 34 165 189 Total 78 201 423 LOG LOA OLS lOA a ala ee ee nn ee ee ee a ee ese eee er ere 8 rr TO Lady beetles are well distributed over plants. Banded thrips and lace- wing eggs are concentrated on leaves. Big-eyed bugs are concentrated on terminals and insidious flower bugs on squares and terminals. If predators are counted while making examinations of squares, terminals and leaves for pest insects, these habits can be used. Count thrips on leaves only; big-eyed bugs on terminals only, etc. -1078- Table 2-Comparative efficiency of different methods of counting predators mem ec rs cr as ce i ne ee ee ae + ee ee - en Predators Predators RASS Hones Ueauince per man hour per unit Sweeping 0. 23 for 200 sweeps 3a 9 for 200 sweeps Shaking plants over cloth-covered frame 0. 19 for 10 plants 52 7.3 for 10 plants Rxamining whole plants U. 28 for 10 plants 63 13.0 for 10 plants Examining blooms O. 35 for 100 blooms 30 18. 25 for 100 blms. Examining terminals 0.28 for 100 terminals 34 8,7 for 100 tmls. Examining leaves 0. 24 for 100 leaves 39 9.4 for 100 leaves Examining squares 07365 for 200'squares "23 9.5 for 200 sqs. *In sampling a field "walking time" would have to be added to this. rm ee ee ee ee me me re ee ee re ee ee ce ee ee ee ee oe Sweeping, shaking plants over a cloth-covered frame, and inspection of blooms have little to recommend them. They are inefficient and qualita- tively do not appear to give a true sample. Examination of whole plants was the most efficient method. To examine 30 plants required 50 minutes and yielded 52 predators. To examine 100 leaves, 100 terminals, and 200 squares required about the same amount of time and yielded only 23 preda- tors. Qualitatively, examination of whole plants yielded relatively more lacewing eggs and fewer adults of insidious flower bug and lady beetles than did examination of terminals, leaves and squares. Conclusions: The predator population can be adequately surveyed by tak- ing counts while making the usual survey for boll weevil, bollworm, flea- hopper, spider mites and aphids. In making special counts for predators only, examination of whole plants is more efficient. (Charles Lincoln). 4 |v TT aie VOL. 5 No. 49 DECEMBER 9, 1955 Sy % 26 ed | E Nd Cooperative ECONOMIC INSECT REPORT Wasued by PLANT PEST CONTROL BRANCH AGRICULTURAL RESEARCH SERVICE UNITED STATES DEPARTMENT OF AGRICULTURE AGRICULTURAL RESEARCH SERVICE PLANT PEST CONTROL BRANCH ECONOMIC INSECT SURVEY SECTION The Cooperative Economic Insect Report is issued weekly as a service to American Agri- culture. Its contentsarecompiled from informa- tion supplied by cooperating State, Federal, and industrial entomologists and other agricultural workers. In releasing this material the Branch serves as a clearing house and does not assume responsibility for accuracy of the material. Reports and inquiries pertaining to this release should be mailed to: Economic Insect Survey Section Plant Pest Control Branch Agricultural Research Service United States Department of Agriculture Washington 25, D. C. Volume 5 December 9, 1955 No. 49 COOP ERA DIVE HC: ONOMICHINSH Cl kt PO Ra Highlights of Insect Conditions BEET LEAF HOPPER widespread on spinach in Dimmit and Zavala Counties, Texas. (p. 1081). INDIAN-MEAL MOTH and Ephestia spp. heavily infesting new-crop peanuts in some counties of Georgia. (p. 1083), SUMMARY OF INSECT CONDITIONS ~- 1955 - in Mississippi (p. 1085) and Tennessee (p. 1088). FEE OI IR IC KIO SII Ck a sek a WEATHER BUREAU'S 30-DAY OUTLOOK December 1955 The Weather Bureau's 30- = day outlook for December calls for tempera- tures to average above normal in the Southeast and near normal in the Middle Atlantic States, the Ohio Valley, and West Gulf States. In the remainder of the nation below normal temperatures are expected, with the coldest weather in the Northern Plains. Precipitation in the form of rain and snow is predicted to exceed normal in States bordering the Mississippi and Ohio Valleys, the Northern Rocky Mountains, and the West Coast. Subnormal amounts are indicated in the southwest and Southeast, and near normal elsewhere. This report released by the Weather Bureau on December 2, 1955. Weather forecast given here is based on the official 30-day "Resume and Outlook", published twice a month by the Weather Bureau. You can subscribe thr ough Superintendent of Documents, Washington 25, D.C. Price $4. 80 a year, $2, 40 for six months, -1080- WEATHER FOR THE WEEK ENDING DECEMBER 5, 1955 Last week's weather was characterized by unseasonably low tempera- tures and widespread precipitation which extended the snow cover in the western half of the Nation and restored soil moisture in much of the South, As acold Arctic air mass which covered the central United States at the beginning of the period moved out over the Atlantic by December 2, temperatures gradually moderated until the weekend, when another surge of cold Arctic air overspread virtually the entire country again reducing temperatures to well below normal levels. Early in the week minimum temperatures fell to subzero levels from the Great Lakes to the Rockies, and freezing occurred everywhere except on the West Coast and in a few extreme southern iocalities. On the morning of November 80 Tallahassee, Jacksonville, and Tampa, Florida reported 26°, 29°, and 37° respectively, and freezing and light frost occurred in inland areas of the Florida Peninsula es far south as Polk County. Average temperature departures for the week were 18° below normal in western North Dakota tapering off to about 3° below near the Coasts and in the extreme South. In the North Central Interior where the severe cold weather has persisted for 4 or 5 weeks the past November was one of the coldest on record. Precipitation occurred daily in the Great Lakes region and adjacent areas and the Pacific Northwest. On December 1 and 2, rain or snow fell everywhere except in the Florida Peninsula and a few spots in the far Southwest. The week's moisture, totaling from 1 to 6 inches from eastern Texas to Georgia, restored soil moisture in many areas where it had been depleted by the summer and fall drought. In parts of Missouri and the central and lower Great Plains, however, amounts were too light to afford relief to the dry surface soils. Moderate to heavy snows feil over much of the western half of the Nation and in northern areas east of the Mississippi. Heaviest snow in the Central Interior fell during the weekend storm when amounts exceeding a foot were measured in South Dakota and parts cf Minnesota. Thunder and lightning occurred at Minneapolis during this storm, the first such occurrence there in December since 1891. At the end of the period snow covered most of the Rocky Mountain ranges, the Cascades, and the Sierras above 3,500 feet. In central areas snow now covers the ground north of a line running from northwestern Kansas to Alpena, Michigan, with extreme depths of 14 inches in eastern South Dakota, 24 inches at Duluth, Minn., and 29 inches at Houghton, Mich. Depths in northern New England range from 2 to 10 inches. (Summary Supplied by U.S. Weather Bureau). ~1081- CEREAL AND FORAGE INSECTS SPOTTED ALFALFA APHID - ARIZONA - In nine alfaifa fields used for periodic check in Maricopa County, average population was 3. 58 per leaflet, November 29, compared with 3.46 November 17-18, Ge- spite the fact that populations were greatly reduced between dates. Average population in six untreated fields was 5, 21 per leafiet November 29, compared with 3.39 November 17-18. Populations in one untreated field reached 22. 27 per leaflet and foliage damage was about 60 percent. Increase begun in late September and early October still in progress. Predator population low in late November. (Ariz. Coop. Rept.). TEXAS - Light local infestation on alfalfa in Dimmit County. (Richardson). NEBRASKA - Aphid has survived 8 degrees below zero in Platte and Republican River Valleys, (Connin, Andersen). CLOVER ROOT CURCULIO (Sitona hispidula) - GEORGIA - Moderate leaf feeding by adults on crimson clover seedlings in Spalding County, November 21, {Tippins). LUPINE MAGGOT (Hylemya lupini) - GEORGIA - Caused 100 percent damage to terminals of lupine in experimental plots in Tift County, November 28. (Benton). FLORIDA - First adults of season on lupine, Alachua County. (Kuitert). BRUIT INSECTS LESSER PEACH TREE BORER (Synanthedon pictipes) - GEORGIA - Depositing eggs in commercial peach orchard in central area, November ee aaa oviposition record under orchard conditions on record. Snapp). TRUCK CROP INSECTS SWEETPOTATO WEEVIL (Cylas formicarius elegantulus) - ALABAMA - Specimens collected from six properties near Ashford, Houston Councy. This is a first record for the county. MISSISSIPPI - A heavy infesta- tion found in Leake County. No additional infestations found. LOUISIANA - A total of 21 infestations found in a delimiting survey of Lincoln Parish, One infestation found in Union Parish. (Sweetpotato Weevil Prog. , Nov. 25). BEET LEAF HOPPER (Circulifer tenellus) - TEXAS - Light to heavy widespread infestation on spinach in Dimmit and Zavala Counties. _ Populations from 5-60 per 100 sweeps. (Richardson). -1082 - CROSS-STRIPED CABBAGEW ORM (Evergestis rimosalis) - FLORIDA - Infesting collards at rate of one per plant in St. Lucie County, November 22, (Williams). OBLIQUE-BANDED LEAF ROLLER (Archips rosaceana) - VIRGINIA - 2 seer plants in Appomattox County October 3. (Det. USDA). Smith), OBSCURE SCALE (Chrysomphalus obscurus) - MARYLAND - Heavy infestation on pin oak at Hagerstown, Washington County. (U. Md., Ent. Dept. ). A BRUCHID (Althaeus hibisci) - VIRGINIA - Extremely heavy on hibiscus at one locality in Franklin County, August 31. Emerging from seeds and pods in large numbers, (Det. G. B. Vogt). (Amos). CRAPEMYRTLE APHID (Myzocallis kahawaluokalani) - FLORIDA - Nymphs and adults averaging 20 per leat on creapemyrtle at Clearwater, Pinellas County, November 17. (Miller). Averaging 100 per plant on crapemyrtle at Sarasota, Sarasota County, November 15. (Bickner). A WHITEFLY (Tetraleurodes sp.) - FLORIDA - Many eggs and nymphs per leat of scrub oak at Lady Lake, Lake County, November 17. (Holder). WHITE PEACH SCALE (Pseudaulacaspis pentagona) - FLORIDA - Averaging many per Japanese persimmon at Tampa, Hillsborough County, November 11. (Thalgott). Adults averaging 50 per stem on geranium and 50 per stem on goldenrain tree at Holly Hill, Volusia County, November 22 (Roberts) and on kudzuvine at Gainesville, Alachua County (Morse). WHITE GRUBS - ARIZONA - Reported as more of a nuisance than usual this year in Tucson, particularly damaging to young nursery stock. Areas near lights most vulnerable. (Ariz. Coop. Rept. ). APHIDS - OKLAHOMA - In combination with spider mites, a heavy infestation occurred on chrysanthemums in one greenhouse in Oklahoma County. (Bower). ARIZONA - Cinara tujafilina nuisance on arborvitae in Tucson. Prevalent in sprinc and fall, secreting honeydew in quanti- ties, (Ariz. Cooy.. Rept. ). - 1083 - LARGER CANNA LEAF ROLLER (Calpodes ethlius) - FLORIDA - meee two per canna leaf at Hialeah, Dade County, November l. Daigle). A WASP MOTH (Lymire edwardsil) - FLORIDA - All leaves of banyan trees damaged by larvae at Lakeland, Polk County. (Whitmore). INSECTS AFFECTING MAN AND ANIMALS mn nn i ee ee ee ee ee SHEEP SCAB MITE (Psoroptes equi ovis) - VIRGINIA - Infesting 117 of 1224 sheep inspected in November. (Va. Livestock Bul., November). STORED PRODUCTS INSECTS festations of other insects. (Coppock). A SOLDIER FLY (Hermetia illucens) (Det. W. W. Wirth) - VIRGINIA - Larvae in complex with otitid larvae infesting a trench silo in Surry County, September 1. (Amos). CONFUSED FLOUR BEETLE (Tribolium confusum) - MARYLAND - Moderate infestation of adults and larvae contaminating powdered milk at dairy in Baltimore. (U. Md., Ent. Dept.). INDIAN-MEAL MOTH (Plodia interpunctella) - GEORGIA - In complex with Ephestia spp. heavily infesting a new crop of peanuts in Tift, Colquitt, Mitchell and Early Counties, November 17. (La Hue). A GRAIN BEETLE (Ahasverus advena) - VIRGINIA - In complex with Typhaea stercorea, in large numbers in wheat at one locality in_ Augusta County, November 11. Beetles came to surface of grain when treated. (Det. USDA). (Morse). -lUu4- BROW N-BANDED ROACH (Supella supeliectilium) - MARYLAND - Annoying in homes in Hyattsville, Prince Georges County. (U. Md., iat, IDXeo\t,)))- TERMITES - FLORIDA - Swarming of Reticulitermes virginicus in Broward County, November 11 and 15. (Det. L. A. Hetrick). (Soowal). CARPET BEETLES - OKLAHOMA - Damage to rugs and clothing in Oklahoma County. (Bower). TEXAS (College Station , 11/25-12/2): Pseudaletia unipuncta 219; Laphyqma frugiperda 7; Agrotis ypsilon 5; A. gladiaria 248; Feltia spp. 42; (Winter Haven, 11/16-30): P. unipuncta 167; L. fruqiperda 3; A. yosilon 11; Heliothis zea 4; Feltia spp, 219. LOUISIANA (three traps, Tallulah, 11/24-12/2): A. qladiaria 10; A. ypsilon 2; Feltia subterranea 4; H. zea 1; P, unipuncta 7. GEORGIA (Spalding Co., 11/19-25): Feitia supterranea.1; (Tift Co., 11/20-26): P. unipuncta 3; H. zea 4; A, yosiion 1b; BF. subterranea 9. ALABAMA (Auburn, Sl Loe oy if malefida 4, A. giadiaria 1; L. frugiperda 1. (Arant). -1085- SUMMARY OF INSECT CONDITIONS - 1955 MISSISSIPPI Prepared by J. M. Langston and R. BK. Hutchins = ee ee ee ~~ April, May and June. SUGARCANE BEETLE (Euetheola rugiceps) was very numerous and caused widespread damage to young corn in various areas during April, May and June. LESSER CORNSTALK BORER (Flasmopalpus lignosellus) caused some damage to stands of corn during May, June and July. CORN EARWORM (Heliothis zea) damaged ears of corn durinc early summer. Other insects causing damage to corn dur- ing May include SOUTHERN CORN ROOTWORM (Diabrotica undecim- punctata howardi) and WHITE-FRINGED BEETLES (Graphognathus sp. ) in Forrest County; GRASSHOPPERS (several species) in southern part of the State. CORN SILK BEETLE (Luperodes brunneus) was reported from Jefferson Davis County in June and from Lincoln County in July. YELLOW-STRIPED ARMYWORM (Prodenia ornithogalli) damaged corn in Rankin and Oktibbeha Counties. EUROPEAN CORN BORER (Pyrausta nubilalis) was received from Panola County in August. ARMYWORM (Pseudaletia unipuncta) lightly infested a 100-acre wheat field in Lowndes County April 22, and severely damaged small grain in Clay County May 20. GREENBUG (Toxoptera graminum) caused serious damage to barley in a 100-acre field in Lowndes County on March 16. CLOVER MITE (Bryobia praetiosa) was causing damage to vetch in Adams County, clovers in Jackson, Jones and Covington Counties, and clover and other plants in Oktibbeha County in March and April. A BLISTER BEETLE (Epicauta sp.) was notedfeeding on soybeans in some counties. SORGHUM WEBWORM (Celama sorghiella) caused severe damage to sorghum grown for seed in Clay and Lowndes Counties in September. ‘Two infestations of GROUND PEARLS (Margarodes sp. ) were found in Forrest County where lawn grass was being killed. An- other infestation was reported in Pearl River County. A new infestation of a WHITE-FRINCED BEETLE (Graphognathus peregrinus ) was recent- ly found in Newton County. Fruit Insects = eS ES eS eS pecan trees in July and August. ORIENTAL FRUIT MOTH (Grapholitha molesta) was reported from Panola County early in June on peach trees. PECAN BUD MOTH (Gretchena bolliana) damaged a young pecan or- chard in Madison County in July. HICKORY SHUCKWORM (Laspeyresia caryana) damaged pecan nuts in Bolivar County. SHOT-HOLE BORER (Scolytus ruqulosus) damaged peach trees in Monroe, Lauderdale and uitman Counties. Truck Crop Insects er Webster County. VEGETABLE WEEVIL (Listroderes costirostris obliquus) larvae damaged vegetables in Jones County early in March. Adults and larvae caused more than usual damage in April in Covington, Forrest, Leake and Webster Counties. ‘The adults were reported as unusually numerous in Bolivar and Lowndes Counties early in May, and adults were received from Choctaw County late in June. PICKLEWORM (Diaphania nitidalis) caused serious damage to cucurbits in Marshall County in August. FALL ARMYWORM (Laphygqma frugiperda) was feeding on turnips in Oktibbeha County and on peppers in Holmes County in October. SOUTHERN ARMYWORM (Prodenia eridania) was report~ ed the first time this year on October 7, and was damaging vegetables in Itawamba County October 28. SWEETPOTATO WEEVIL (Cylas formicarius elegantulus) was found in Rankin County on October 21. Other pests reported damaging vegetables include SPIDER MITES (Tetranychus sp.) June 3 and 24; BLISTER BEETLE (Epicauta sp. ) une 10; FALSE CHINCH BUG (Nysius ericae) in July and October. Cotton Insects BOLL WEEVIL (Anthonomus grandis) was the most important enemy of cotton in Mississippi in 1955. These insects were out of hibernation and began puncturing cotton squares in early June. Numerous rains in July were favorable to high infestations during that month, but the lack of rains during August and September gave farmers a chance to control the insects, resulting in a good yield of cotton per acre. BOLL- WORM (Heliothis zea) damaged cotton squares in various counties about July 1, and by mid-August heavy infestations were reported, especially from the "delta" counties. Eggs were still being laid early in September and cotton bolls were being damaged in a number of counties. COTTON LEAFWORM (Alabama urallgsea) appeared in some sections of the State in October after the crop was made, and no damage was caused, Other insects causing a small amount of damage to cotton were GRASS-~ HOPPERS of several species, WHITE-FRINGED BEETLES (Graphog- nathus sp.) in Forrest County in May and CORN SILK BEETLE (Luper- odes brunneus) in July. -1087- Forest, Ornamental and Shade Tree Insects FOREST TENT CATERPILLAR (Malacosoma disstria) was reported from Jones County March 25, Adults of SOUTHERN LYCTUS BEETLE Lyctus planicollis) were received from Humphreys and Prentiss Counties about April first. AN IPS BEETLE (Ips grandicollis) dam - aged pine trees in Jackson County early in May, while I. calligraphus and I, avulsus were received from Wayne County early in Gatton COTTONWOOD LEAF BEETLE (Chrysomela scripta) seriously de~ foliated.a newly established 50-acre cottonwood plantation in Bolivar County in July. Other insects reported on trees were RED-HEADED PINE SAWFLY (Neodiprion lecontei) on pine in August and YELLOW- » NECKED CATERPILLAR (Datana ministra) on oak in September. AN OAK SCALE (Lecanium quercifex) was reported from Attala, Hinds, Oktibbeha and Madison Counties on shade trees early in April. FLAT- HEADED APPLE TREE BORER (Chrysobothris femorata) was received in May with the information that oak anade trees were being killed. FALL WEBWORM (Hyphantria cunea) was reported from Oktibbeha County on May 27 and September 2, trom Wayne County September 2, and from Jackson County October 7. ELM LEAF BEETLE (Galerucella_ xanthomelaena) defoliated elm trees in Marshall County early in June, and in ‘lippah County early in August. This is the first time this insect has caused damage in this State. BAGWORM (Thyridopteryx ephemerae- fornis) damaged shrubbery in Itawamba County in June and in Oktibbeha County in August. IRIS BORER (Macronoctua onusta) was received in August from Coahoma County for the first time. ‘his is the second county from which this insect has been received, A heavy infestation of WHITE PEACH SCALE (Pseudaulacaspis pentagona) was reported from Washington County early inSeptember. FULLER ROSE BEETLE (Pantomorus godmani) and P. taeniatulus damaged azalea plants in Forrest and Lamar Counties in September. -1038- SUMMARY OF INSECT CONDITIONS - 1955 TENNESSEE Reported by R. P. Mullett —— —— — ee ae ee ee ee ee oe ARMYWORMS were not nearly so abundant or so destructive as in the pre- ceding two years. Roughly 52,000 acres were infested in 1955. Con- trols were applied to approximately 33,000 acres. Of the 52, 000 acres infested, approximately 15, 000 acres were very lightly infested and little damage was sustained. It is estimated that on the areas on which controls were applied, a saving of $660,000 was made. The economic loss was estimated to be $100,000. Major outbreaks were in middle Tennessee, with severe infestation in two or three western counties. There was little infestation in the eastern third of the State. Serious local outbreaks of CUTWORMS (Agrotis gladiaria, Feltia sub- gothica) occurred in March and April in scattered areas in pastures over the State. Widespread infestations of SUGARCANE BEETLE (Buetheola rugiceps) occurred in the western part of the State on corn. Scattered serious infestations occurred in middle and eastern Tennessee. This insect also attacked cotton and strawberries in very local situa- tions. CORN BORER was prevalent over the State. Infestations were light. FALL ARMYWORM (Laphygma frugiperda) appeared in the State but was confined to budworm activities in late corn and did little damage. No army-type outbreaks occurred in newly-sown small grains and pastures as in previous years. Heavy local infestations of various species of BLISTER BEETLES were noted in alfalfa fields scattered across the State. MEADOW SPITTLEBUG (Philaenus leucophthalmus), which has been building up the previous two years in the eastern thir of the State, was much reduced on alfalfa and clovers, apparently by the extremely cold spell which occurred about the time this insect normally appears. PEA APHID (Macrosiphum pisi) was abundant on alfalfa in April but was fairly well controlled by parasites. The GRASSHOPPER infestation which appeared generally over the State early in the season was drastically curtailed for some reason. SORGHUM WEBWORM (Celama sorghiella) caused heavy, scattered damage in this crop over the State, Extensive control efforts were carried on against this pest, particularly in the western part of the State. SORCHUM MIDGE (Contarina sorghicola) also caused light damage in local areas in middle Tennessee. Control efforts were applied for control of BEAN LEAF BEETLE (Cerotoma trifurcata) in scattered situations in the western part of the State. - 1089. —S = —. grandis) could be found coming out of hibernation. However, a very favorable season for this insect developed and by the end of July numbers had build up to serious outbreak proportions in the eight southwestern counties. Widespread control efforts were put into effect, although such efforts were hampered by rank growth of cot- ton. Virtually all tractor-operated insect control efforts had to be stopped because of the extreme height of the crop at the end of the season. BOLLWORMS caused little damage to the cotton this year. There were scattered local infestations of SPIDER MITES, and no LEAFWORMS appeared in this State, CORN BORER was found in- festing small portions of a very few cotton fields. Common vegetable insects were present this summer in normal numbers over the State, The MEXICAN BEAN BEETLE (Epilachna varivestis), which was virtually non-existent last year, returned to normal numbers this season. Light infestations of CORN EARWORM (Heliothis zea) were found in commercial pepper-producing areas. TOBACCO BUDWORM (Heliothis sp.) was the most serious tobacco pest this year, although widespread control efforts kept this pest in check. HORNWORMS (Protoparce sp.) were not much of a problem. A few VEGETABLE WEEVILS (Listroderes costirostris obliquus) were found scattered over middle Tennessee in tobacco beds bui caused only minor damage. ——- em ee se ee ee ee eee ee present all over the State, causing widespread defoliation of their respective host trees. BAGWORMS also were quite prevalent on conifers and various conifer shrubs, An outbreak of LINDEN LOOPER (Erannis tiliaria) defoliated 200-300 acres of timber in Greene and Hawkins Counties. Serious infestations of SOUTHERN PINE BARK BEETLE, which existed in upper Tennessee last season, were drastically reduced this year by weather conditions being unfavorable for this insect. An infestation of JAPANESE BEETLE (Popillia japonica) was located in Johnson County. The infestation covered about 700 acres, Eradicative measures were applied by the State Department of Agriculture. Cattle Pests HORN FLY (Siphona irritans) was quite prevalent this season over S ) (Hypoderma spp. ) were present in —— i the State. CATTLE GRUB -1090- moderate, normal numbers. No cases of SCREW-WORMs (Calli- troga hominivorax) were reported this year. HOUSE FLIES were slow in starting but build up in July and August in large numbers around dairy barns. LICE infestations were few and scattered. Household Pests _ BOXELDER BUGS, FLEAS, CLOVER MITES and TERMITES were widely reported in homes. Many people reported being bothered by mosquitoes around the home, the first of any such general report in several years. Many infestations of POWDER POST BEETLE were also present. ie, Wes ay ; ri \ J VOL.5 No.50 DECEMBER 16, 1955 S/3 eo. Ee Cooperative ECONOMIC INSECT REPORT Issued by PLANT PEST CONTROL BRANCH - Ves AGRICULTURAL RESEARCH SERVICE , aes ~AY UNITED STATES DEPARTMENT OF AGRICULTURE AGRICULTURAL RESEARCH SERVICE PLANT PEST CONTROL BRANCH ECONOMIC INSECT SURVEY SECTION The Cooperative Economic Insect Report is issued weekly as a service to American Agri- culture. Its contentsare compiled from informa- tion supplied by cooperating State, Federal, and industrial entomologists and other agricultural workers. In releasing this material the Branch serves as a clearing house and does not assume responsibility for accuracy of the material. Reports and inquiries pertaining to this release should be mailed to: Economic Insect Survey Section Plant Pest Control Branch Agricultural Research Service United States Department of Agriculture Washington 25, D. C. cn (=) Volume 5 December 16, 1955 Wo. COOPERATIVE; EGCONOMIC INSECT REPORG Highlights of Insect Conditions GREENBUG populations noted in several Texas Panhandle counties, Medium infestation on barley in Eddy County, New Mexico, (p. 102%), WHEAT STEM SAWFLY loss estimates for 1955 in North Dakota. (p. 1095). Spread of the SPOTTED ALFALFA APHID in the United States (map). (after p. 1093). WALNUT HUSK FLY reported from Utah for first time. (p. 1095). BOLL WEEVIL hibernation survey results in Virginia. (p. 1995). Pancont conditions - 1955 - in New York and New England. p. " SUMMARY OF INSECT CONDITIONS - 1955 = in South Dakota (p. 1102) and Nevada (p. 1105). SO OR AK IK OK AK 2K 2K 224 2k 2K 2k 25 2k 2K WEATHER FOR THE WEEK ENDING DECEMBER 12, 1955 Unseasonably cold weather persisted over most of the Nation for the second consecutive week as cold Arctic air continued to flow southward east of the Rocky Mountains. The week's precipitation was moderate to heavy in Florida and the Pacific States, but generally very light elsewhere and virtually all in the form of snow in northern areas. Subzero minima occurred daily in northern Great Plains and upper Mississippi Valley, with Bemidji, Minnesota, recording -28° on Friday. In Minnesota frost penetration was 6 to 12 inches on the 9th except in central portions of the State, where it was reported as 24 inches. Navigation in the Mississippi River at St. Paul, Minnesota, ended on December 1. Temperatures for the week averaged 21° below normal at Huron, South Dakota. Subfreezing minima, occurring throughout the week in most interior sections, extended to northern Florida and coastal sections of Alabama at the end of the period - Mobile, Alabama 30° and Tallahassee, Florida, 31° on Sunday morn- ing. (Continued next page). 1082. In the Great Plains and Mississippi Valley the week's precipitation was virtually nil. In the lower Great Plains where the ground is bare, soil drifting was reported in eastern portions of Colorado and New Mexico. The week's snowfall was mostly light although occurring frequently in the Great Lakes region. Most of the snowfall in the East occurred on the 9th when a low pressure area moved up the Atlantic Coast. Two to 7 inches fell in the Appalachians and 1 to 3 inches on the outer islands of southern New England. Heavy snow, however, fell int Washington and Oregon, increasing the heavy cover in the Cascades. There was little change in the extent of snow cover during the week. Snow depths in the Cascades now range up to 105 inches at Paradise Ranger Station, Washington. Silver Lake, Utah reported the greatest depth in the Rockies, 50 inches. A deep snow cover remained in the eastern Dakotas, Minnesota, and upper Lakes region. In South Dakota most of the 2 to 15 inches which fell during the storm of December 2 to 4 (the state's sixth heaviest snow- storm on record) remained on the ground. In the upper Lakes region Duluth, Minnesota, reports 23 inches and Houghton, Michigan, 32. (Summary Supplied by U.S. Weather Bureay). OSORIO OOK CAC RK Reports in this issue are for the week ending December 9, 1955, unless otherwise designated. -1093- CEREAL AND FORAGE INSECTS GREENBUG (Toxoptera graminum) - TEXAS - Of 22 counties sur- veyed in panhandle area, populations were found in Potter, Randail, Deaf Smith, Castro, Parmer, Swisher, Briscoe, Floyd, Hale and Hansford Counties, with from 1-8 per row foot. Populations were quite spotty and generally higher in volunteer fields. Predators fewer than during previous survey. (Daniels, Cleveland, Ashdown). NEW MEXICO ~- Infestations medium on barley stands in Loving area of Eddy County. (Durkin). BROWN WHEAT MITE (Petrobia latens) - TEXAS - Populations gener- ally low over most of panhandle, but some populations were as high as 15 per linear foot of row, particularly in northern counties. (Daniels, Cleveland, Ashdown). SPOTTED ALFALFA APHID - NEW MEXICO - Populations increasing on young alfalfa stands in Rio Grande and Pecos River Valleys. (Durkin). APHIDS - NEW MEXICO - Aphids collected from sweetclovers (Melilotus indica and M. officinalis) in Hatch area of Dona Ana County identified by Louise M. Russell as SPOTTED ALFALFA APHID and SWEETCLOVER APHID (Myzocallidium riehmi). Aphids on M, officinalis were mainly M. riehmi with a few spotted alfalfa aphids present; however, populations on M, indica consisted of about one-half spotted alfalfa aphids and one- half sweetclover aphids. Spotted alfalfa aphid nymphs of various instars noted on M, indica, A seedling stand of 10 acres of M. indica virtually wiped out. (Durkin). OKLAHOMA - A check of 22 alfalfa fields in seven northern counties showed infestations at all points. Crop damage occurred in Kay, Grant, Garfield and Kingfisher Counties. Number of aphids per square foot averaged as follows: Noble, 80; Kay, 7200; Grant, 8000; Garfield, 5900; Kingfisher, 6150; Canadian, 900; Oklahoma, 260. (Coppock). SOUTH CAROLINA - Several instances of damage in Clemson area, (Chamberlain, Dec. 1). Damage noted at Greenwood, Newberry, Saluda, Florence and Johnsonville on early- planted oats. (Turner). WHEAT STEM SAWFLY (Cephus cinctus) - NORTH DAKCIA - Infesta- tion in wheat for 1955 totaled 2, 428, 000 acres infested with estimated 1,987, 545 bushels loss. Favorable harvesting conditions nelped to keep losses down. (N.D. Ins. Rept. Serv. ). LEAFHOPPERS - TEXAS - Heavy local infestations on young oats in Menard County. (Mullins). ~1094- CHINCH BUG ‘Blissus leucopterus) - ILLINOIS - Anrual survey showed ratings as follows: very severe infestation in four counties; severe in five counties; moderate in 17 counties; and light in 11 counties. Remaining 35 counties rated as non-economic. The 19 coun- ties rated severe or very severe in 1954 compare with 9 counties in the same categories in 1955. Very severe rating is based on 2000- and-up bugs per square foot and the severe rating is 1000-2000 per square foot. Counties rated very severe were DuPage, Kendall, LaSalle and Grundy. Those rated severe were Will, Kankakee, Iroquois, Tazewell and Stark. (Petty}. NEBRASKA - Fall survey shows a light to very severe infestation in the southeastern area. Counts from 20- 2983 per square foot. (Andersen}. ARKANSAS - Infestations in all counties surveyed but lighter than in 1954, Heaviest infestations in Craighead, Clay and Lawrence Counties. (Warren). GRASSHOPPERS - NORTH DAKOTA - Survey for eggs shows a general build-up of economic species in eastern area south of Highway No. 7 and extending seuthwestward to the Missouri River. Slope, Adams and Bowman Counties showed a build-up over 1954. Widely scattered infestations occurred in northwestern area, especially in the Buford- Trenton district and southeast of Williston in Nesson Flats into Mountrail County and northwestern McLean County. In 1955, 79, 200 acres in 22 counties were sprayed voluntarily by farmers to protect 281,000 acres. Savings estimated at nearly $400, 000 with a crop loss of $161, 700. (N.D. Ins. Rept. Serv. }. CORN LEAF APHID (Rhopalosiphum maidis) - TEXAS - in complex with Rhopalosiphum fitcnii, a few were found in survey of panhandle area. (Daniels, Cleveland, Ashdown). LESSER CORNSTALK BORER (Elasmopalpus lignoselius) - TEXAS - Heavy widespread populations caused considerable damage to inter- planted rye and winter peas in Mason County. (Daniels, Cleveland, Ashdown). RHODES-GRASS SCALE (Antonina graminis) - FLORIDA - Averaging hundreds per square foot on St. Augustine grass at Plantation Key, Monroe County. Extremely heavy infestation and large patches of grass killed by this species or by chinch bugs earlier. (Denmark, Weems, November 27). LUPINE MAGGOT (Hylemya lupini) - FLORIDA - Infestation of iarvae five percent one field and 15-20 in another at Gainesville, Alachua County. (Det. L. C. Kuitert). (Denmark). cumoUy SE Jey se ‘Tuo esTezTe WOl} ale Sploday “SaTIT SHY moj pue sjiodai aye}¢ Tetdads moJj patidmos sem dem siyt, SS6T tequieseq ‘yqsn ‘gyy ‘ 78S “Aing ‘sul ucoq kapareders SS6I SuonRsary FSBI SUOTE]Sazuy SHLVLS CHLINA HHL NI CIHdVY VHIVdTV GHLLOdS 4O Avauds -1095- FRUIT INSECTS WALNUT HUSK FLY (Rhagoletis completa) - UTAH - Infested 20-99 percent of Enclish walnuts on infested trees and appears to be estab- lished at Ogden. First record of this pest in State. (Det. R. H. Foote). (Knowlton). TRUCK CROP INSECTS SQUASH BUG (Anasa tristis) - NEW MEXICO - Large numbers under old lumber in Mesilla Park. (Durkin). A LEAF MINER (Liriomyza sp.) - ARIZONA - Rearing studies on 80 acres of volunteer cantaloupe October 6-24 in Maricopa County showed 1.1 parasites to one leaf miner adult. Parasites predominant- ly Halticoptera aenea. (Ariz. Coop. Rept. ). TURNIP APHID (Rhopalosiphum pseudobrassicae) - SOUTH CAROLINA - Light to moderate infestations in cabbage plant beds, moderate to heavy infestations on turnips and mustard in Charleston area. (Cuthbert, Dec. 7). IMPORTED CABBAGEWORM (Pieris rapae) - SOUTH CAROLINA - Light scattered infestations in cabbage fields in Charleston area, (Cuthbert, Dec. 7). CABBAGE LOOPER (Trichoplusia ni) - SOUTH CAROLINA - ee infesting a few commercial cabbage plantings. (Cuthbert, ec. 7): COTTON INSECTS examined from five farms in each of four counties, showed average of 1476 weevils per acre in hibernation this fall. This compares with 2033 for 1954. Averages by county 1955 and 1954: Southampton 1549 and 2759, Brunswick 1258 and 2130, Mecklenburg 1646 and 484. One additional county, Nansemond, was inspected this year. An seo of 1452 per acre was found in this county. (Walker, Morris e : -1096- PINK BOLLWORM (Pectinophora gossypiella) - ARIZONA - Gin trash inspection showed a slightly higher infestation in Greenlee County but lower in Graham and Cochise Counties. None have been found out- side these counties in Arizona and none in CALIFORNIA. (Pink Bollworm Cont. Prog. Rept. Nov. 16-30). INSECTS APPECTING MAN AND ANIMALS | SCREW-WORM (Callitroga hominivorax) - ARKANSAS - Found in navel wounds of swine in early October. One of few positive records for State. (Warren). CATTLE GRUBS - OKLAHOMA - Of 108 cattle received for slaughter at Oklahoma City, 16 had no grubs; 39 had 1-10; 33 had 11-20; 28 had 21-50; and two had over 50. (Coppock). CATTLE LICE - UTAH - Most important insect problem at present. (Knowlton). PIGEON FLY (Pseudolynchia canariensis) - FLORIDA - Ten adults taken from one pigeon at Gainesville, Alachua County. (Det. D. W. Anthony). (Denmark). a SSeS ane, ORNAMBINIAL AND SHADE ITNEBE INSEC Is LONG-TAILED MEALYBUG (Pseudococcus adonidum) - FLORIDA - Hundreds per copper-leaf plant at Plantation Key, Monroe County, November 27, All stages present. (Weems, Denmark). STORED PRODUCTS INSECTS November S homies these infestations: RICE WEEVIL in three bins; Tribolium sp. in 18; SAW-TOOTHED GRAIN BEETLE in 21; LESSER GRAIN BORER in six: ANGOUMOIS GRAIN MOTH in three bins; INDIAN-MEAL MOTH in 12; FLAT GRAIN BEETLE in eight; FUNGUS BEETLES in two; CADELLE in three; and PSOCIDS in four. Far fewer insects found in November than in October. (Rouse). ~1097- A CORNWORM (Pyroderces rileyi) - ARKANSAS - Infestations have caused damage to unharvested and harvested corn in Crittenden County and adjacent areas. (Warren). MISCELLANEOUS INSECTS OLD HOUSE BORER (Hylotrupes bajulus) - VIRGINIA - In combination with powder post beetles (Lyctus sp.) has heavily damaged floors in an old colonial house in Bedford County. Infestation active for many years. (Rowell). A FUNGUS BEETLE (Alphitobius piceus) - OREGON - Occurring in large numbers in chicken litter at Milton-Freewater. (Det. M. C. Lane). (Capizzi). TERMITES - MARYLAND - Infesting home at Catonsville, Baltimore County. (U. Md., Ent. Dept.). BOXELDER BUG (Leptocoris trivittatus) - UTAH - Annoying in homes and offices in several counties. (Knowlton). (Stuttgart, 11/17-12/7): P. unipuncta 18; A. ypsilon 6; H. zea 5. (Varner, 11/17-12/6): BP. unipuncta, 29; A. ypsilon 48; H. zea 36. > =a -1098- FRULT INSECT CONDITIONS ~ 1955 NEW YORK - NEW ENGLAND STATES New York - New England Fruit Spray Specialists' Conference November 2, 1955 This summary has been compiled from reports submitted by cooperators in each state or area. (E. H. Wheeler and A. I. Bourne). Symbols: G - of general concern as contrasted to L - of local import- ance only. O - negligible; 1, slight (less than 5% losses and/or injury) minimum effort gave satisfactory protection; 2, moderate (5-20% losses) satisfactory control required full program with good timing; 3, serious (20% up) special effort or emergency treatments required above and be- yond a normal full program of preventive measures. a ee New York CROP AND PEST Me. N.H. Vt. Mass. R.I. Conn. Hudson Champ. Valley Valley APPR! Plum curculio _G-1 G-2 U=2 G-i G-2 G-2 G=-l G-1 Apple maggot G-1-2 G-1 G-1 G-1 G-2 G-3 on L-l L-2 L- Codling moth =o 1G-ON Grace G-1 G-3 G-1-2 G-2 G-2 L=-2 Red-banded ao eR Te a be _leafroller G-1 G-1 L-1 G-2 G-l L-2 G-2 G-2 Apple sawfly L-0 L-0 L-3 L-l Gel . Bud moth Lei-2 Gel L-O-l L-1 G1 L-1 L-O L-2 Rosy apple : 7 ; _ aphid Hat eGeOLGas G=0 G-2 L-2 L-0 L-=0 Apple aphid G-2 G3 G-2 G-2 G = G-1 G-2 ees White apple Th ar eR ee ery cliseninol josie et lle GO Mh) Ga Or Abe L-2 Buropean G-T- G-1 __red mite G-2-3 G-2 G-l L-2 G-3 G-3 L-2 G-3 Two-spotted G-2 G-1 Spider mite 2 Ges) Thea Bo8} L-3 G-2 G-3 L-2 G-2-3 Clover mite G.-0 L-O G2 L-0 L-O Vellowimitelin poalltC- 15 ie Th =ONeECe Ome -1099- a i eg rk CROP AND PEST Me. N.H. Vt. , Mass. R. I. Conn. Hudson Champ. i Cicatbitns 16)) 2 ANN eee cl eae en mer Valley Valley Red bug and tarn- ished plant bug G-2 G-O G-l- 2. ie a Goi Gat teil Gea San Jose scale ESO | Se eo Gal” We0 L-O Oyster shell L-l Ll L-0-1 L-i Some i AN eer LE Ne eae OR Walle tae Japanese L-1 L-OQ BICShnOM pC wee a ed ue bad oe Forest tent G-l-2 caterpillar _ Oriental fruit — (ROOUELGL =O OA oe er ear ae ea = ow te. Apple seed Ghalicid. 8. L-1 PEAR G Dearpsyla ww ~.G> (aie Gl Co eee 1 ae Pear midge SCO er aca Pt eal Blister:mite | § 9) L-0 Sa L-1 =i B=0¥ Galinamotie: 19 GO) (| i=l) l=2 (G-2 C=2 yirei=cmay PWACH ~ i Sha Seek oon als ee > <7 BGG hears Plum curculio L-1l-2 G-1 _—G-1_ Oriental fruit ~G-0 G-1 en aE ili accu meee ice oe wie tek Se Peach tree G-l Gel G=2 Gol Del BNO PRCT emit ero lNe cL. ima Van A we Dal eka (SOW a EGE Two-spotted Cas ime A Calman G=2n iGeOn __BIGRCIS RE SaaS) OS MAP MaRS a a i uel Buropean eG) saat Ca ee) A IEtO a ehee Plant bugs G-i L-1 G-1 eZine L es ee L CHERRY Bruit fly _ Sa 1 Roe ep Plum curculio — G EiEclacheanyamar aan ka ure Gal WLEO __aphid_ pa ek: PLUM AND PRUNE Plum curculio __ L-2* G-2 G-4 G-1 G-2 Plum aphid — Sate | ae aeons Oe eae W=0R2 =20 20 *On Beach Plums ~1100- ay ~ New York CROP AND PEST Me. N. 4H. Vt. Mass. hail. Conn) Hudsons) @lennes (Coutinued Ry eo valley vellierms Buropean red mite Wether! GLeO) (isl NC pCa lta Wie ania miter |. ayo i ie Me Piimigougers a Os" a1 ee Eeorectaet a i em ee ee ee GRAPE ~ Beiemy wow el Gal Cay aie Cane gir rdler L-2 ~ Ieathopperiii | hi Lesh Gala’ Wi i ee meee TF CxO Momatornd: oP oC oh iS ome Ca C=O nn blister galls _i-2 —— rn ne eee te te me ee tk ne a oe Se ee ee. Japanese beetle — T-3** BLUEBERRY (Cultivated) Cranberry Jugualsomie | ea Col Gel ee tell | Cranberry weevil Ug lye lee Slempborer i te rants ona ame COR re enn nan rie Brinttiy. (Ye Col” Garr on™ Gin REO sory aa a (maggot) MUON A neenn Ese re Shin Dayan OmmeMae Cherry spebnunovewal Gees oe Ga oo Stem gall L-2 BRU R RIO me fae amin an rene pil Fruit fly (Maggot) §Gae es Gad) 40 oo STRAWBERRY on Cie Aone es: Weevil — Re le ING Vy SON alae Ol niente On Rootworm L-1l G-1 = Oe Wins Greely ERPS Gal ell > We Spilule sug Mie) ee G.O) 9) ry C=O nee “One =O=s ee ere tenes Wearnollenit 9" IG) Gal) irene Sinan penne eae Hivocsoonusc (tC GS ICO ell GSy G-0 BESPUGET TRS rs we Pe ie eI nN Sonne Dron Uli dls 2 Cyclamen PRINT COL NY pC aile nr G8 bats hia oh mle 2 na *On Beach Plums ** Fastern Massachusetts ~1101- ie : j New York CROP AND PEST Me. N.H. Vt. Mass. R.I. Conn. Hudson Champ. M@onibiaCd a ee aie ts tiered be ter eT Ay ay vl Malley. salle ye Cutworm G-1 G-0 C-1 L-1 L-8 HaHa IM MMA pa LN ACH MRuR YAG V, yay ous Thvkula SF Lake Lonnie JOIN TOG Nis IN Ais PNUe) ie 0 ee Get Re hes RS Mes OSM Strawberry _ TROON BNOVGTG No EAN cone Mal set i tl UR ne Rea Ne RE AREAS Ae Ok Cute tL Whitefly G-1 EREDEDRRU TC) GT cert ciel) Aiba fs Semen ee et On A te _Fruitworm eG Os peal L-1 L-1 L-0 eeete Cane borer Gf G-1 bel ee Gail TEMOZSDOLLG Ne Zak wom What pall Soin Fase aT ymakt'd SETEOS 0) SLAB IRt ae suger walt GAO es) le ee Actes GENERAL FEEDERS Japanese beetle L-1 L-1 G-1 G-2 G-l C-0 L-3 a i cl ey ole a dee OL eee ee Rose chafer Gul ial Coe ies week G-0 New Distribution Records: MASSACHUSETTS - European apple sawfly (at Waltham, eastern Massachusetts - Granville, western Massachusetts. CONNECTICUT - European apple sawfly on border in Connecticut Valley. CHAMPLAIN VALLEY (N, Y.): McDaniel mite noted in a few additional orchards of Clinton County. HUDSON VALLEY (N, Y.): European apple sawily in southern Ulster County (confirmation of 1954 Hapontal, NEW HAMPSHIRE - Phenacoccus aceris (apple mealy bug) found May 24 in Hancock. Heavy infestation on several trees. In early June found light infestation in Contoocock on neglected trees. MAINE ~- New York weevil. Unusual outbreaks: MASSACHUSETTS - Giant hornet (V. crabro germana). Cherry fruit worm was more damaging thancranberry fruitworm on culti- vated blueberries. CONNECTICUT - Two-spotted mite and codling moth; heavy russeting on Baldwins. CHAMPLAIN VALLEY (N, Y.) - Red and McDaniel mites built up more than usual due, presumably, to heat. Red- banded leafroller has gradually become more difficult to control during past three years. HUDSON VALLEY (N. Y.) - Fruit-tree leafroller generally present but causing little commercial damage. MAINE - Leaf curling midge. Abnormal seasonal occurrences: MASSACHUSETTS - Apple maggot - late activity. Heavy population. Control only fair on late varieties. Red- banded leafroller - partial third brood. Late activity. Plum curculio - population very high. Control good. European corn borer - in some -1102- orchards near corn plantincs 5-10 percent infestation of McIntosh drops. HUDSON VALLEY (N. Y.) - Probable partial third brood of red-banded leafroller, increased second brood codling moth, NEW HAMPSHIRE - Weather conditions must have been favorable for overwintering and hatching of aphid eggs. Very heavy infestation of apple aphid soon after bud break in most areas of the state. Unusual Contributing Factors: MASSACHUSETTS - Prolonged drought followed by abundance of rainfall (backlash of two hurricanes). High temperature and prolonged drought favored apple aphid and two-spotted mite abundance and added to damage caused. Plentiful rainfall in 1954 promoted abundance of Japanese beetle in 1955. CONNECTICUT - High temperatures in July and August. CHAMPLAIN VALLEY (N. Y.) - Persistent hot weather made most insects a little more difficult than usual to control. HUDSON VALLEY (N.Y.) - Hot, dry summer, if that is unusual. SRA KK ERK 2K aK ACEI a OK A IC OK 2 OK 2 IC aK 2 A OK SUMMARY OF INSECT CONDITIONS - 1955 SOUTH DAKOTA Reported by T. A. Burge, G.B. Spawn, J. A. Lofgren and W. M. Hantsbarger ARMY CUTWORM (Chcorizagrotis auxiliaris) infestations were reported from several sections, mainly in ‘Tripp, Gregory, Brule, Aurora, Douglas, Davison, Charles Mix, Dewey and Butte Counties. Most damage was to alfalfa in early spring with but slight marginal damage to wheat. Losses were estimated at approximately $60, 000 and approximately 6, 500 acres were treated for control. HUROPEAN CORN BORER (Pyrausta nubilalis) surveys in early spring indicated 2 winter survival of approximately percent. Pupation was underway by May 7, Conditions for eag laying were favorable in some areas where corn was not far enough advanced to be attractive for egg deposition but cool nights delayed egg laying over a longer period so that the majority of eggs were deposited after June 15. Eggs hatched during first part of July and shot-hole injury was quite prevalent over the State by July 15. Pupation started the last week in July and reached 50 percent in the east central region by August 12. Flight of second-brood moths was quite heavy with some fairly high second- generation egg counts. Development of the second brood was not as severe as anticipated. The fall survey indicates an average of 121 borers per 100 plants for counties surveyed. Highest average infestation was 345 borers per 100 plants in Bon Homme County. GRASSHOPPERS - By the last wOge eggs had started to hatch. Weather at this time was quite favorable for development. Cool and wet weather the latter part of June took a heavy toll of nymphs, especially in the central regions. ‘The result was light, week of May, Melanoplus bivittatus, M. mexicanus and M. differentialis ly in legumes with the dominant species being M. femur-rubrum. The egg survey in most instances corroborated the findings of the adult survey. Losses due to grasshoppers in 1955 are estimated at $483, '700 and there were approximately 37, 000 acres treated for control. CORN EARWORM Heliothis zea) was quite prevalent in 1955, especialiy in the more eastern areas. In some fields two larvae per ten plants were found. Adults of SOUTHERN CORN ROOTWORM (Diabrotica undecimpunctata howardi) were extremely numerous, especially in the southeastern portion of the State, although they were found as far north as Marshall County. Beetles were found on a number of plants, including squash, cucumbers, sun flowers, goldenrods, alfalfa and corn. Adults of D. longicornis were observed in southeastern counties, but never in great numbers, Adults of WESTERN CORN ROOTWORM (D. virgifera) were found feeding upon corn silks in Bon Homme and Moody Counties, CORN LEAF APHID (Rhopalosiphum maidis) was very abundant on corn earlier in the season but predators and warm, dry weather reduced the numbers to non~economic levels. ENGLISH GRAIN APHID {(Macrosiphum qranarium) and CORN LEAF APHID infestations were founda throughout the State on small grain, especially oats and barley. Some damage occurrec to late barley. ALFALFA WEEVIL (Hypera pestica) infestations of economic importance were confined to the Black Hills area although the insect continues to spread eastward. Adulis and larvae were picked up almost to the eastern edge of Perkins County. Approximately 21,000 acres were ireated for alfalfa weevil control. BLISTER BEETLES, predominantly Epicauta pennsylvenica and EB. fabricii, were very numerous in alfalfa fields of the central regions, where some local injury occurred. In some areas counts reached 42 beetles per 10 net sweeps. SIX-SPOTTED LEAFHOPPER (Macrosteles fascifrons) was abundant in alfalfa throughout the eastern part of the State, particularly in September, when counts reached 248 adults per 10 net sweeps, High populations of PEA APHID (Macrosiphum pisi) were encountered earlier in the summer with counts up to 1360 per net sweeps in alfalfa. Infestations decreased by July 10 due to hot, dry weather and aiso because of predators, especially lady beetles, which were numerous. SWEETCLOVER WEBVILS (Sitona cylindricollis; were active early in the season, feeding on both old clover and new seedings. Some damage occurred to new seedings in some areas. CLOVER SEED CHALCID (Bruchophagus gibbus) was quite prevalent in alfalfa. Many ~1104- areas reported damage to seed crops, especially in south central areas. TARNISHED PLANT BUG (Lygus lineolaris) was not abundant although found commonly in clover end alfalfa. Highest average infestations observed were about 3 per net sweep. ALFALFA PLANT BUG (Adelphocoris lineolatus) occurred in about the same numbers as Lygus with up to 4. 2 per net sweep. RAPID PLANT BUG (Adelphocoris rapidus) was prevalent in alfalfa and clover but never in economic numbers, —— es ee ee —— ee crops, especially potatoes and tomatoes. POTATO LEAF HOPPER (Empoasca fabae) was abundant on untreated potatoes and "hopperburn" was noted from several localities. SQUASH BUG (Anasa tristis) occurred in greater numbers than usual in eastern areas, feeding on various vine crops, including melons and squashes. SPOTTED AND STRIPED CUCUMBER BEETLES were very abundant in gardens through- out the eastern counties. ee ee ee ee es ee es ee re re ee ee ee —— apple arid elm trees where some defoliation occurred. Heavy infestations of SCURFY SCALE (Chionaspis furfura) occurred, especially on willows in eastern areas. Scattered infestations of YELLOW-NECKED CATER- PILLAR (Datana ministra) in the eastern areas defoliated basswood and oaks. BRONZE BIRCH BORER (Agrilus anxius) infestations were found on several birches in eastern areas. FALL WEBWORM (Hyphantria cunea) was more abundant than usual, feeding on a wide variety of hosts. Damage was limited to partial defoliation of some trees. Insects of Man and Animals the State. HORN FLY (Siphona irritans) infestations ranged up to 600 per animal in untreated herds. CATTLE GRUBS (Hypoderma spp. ) occurred in normél numbers. Many reports received of the AMERICAN DOG TICK (Dermacentor variabilis) in wooded areas of the State, MOSQUITOES and BLACK FLIES were very troublesome early in the spring but annoyance decreased rapidly with warm, dry weather in most sections. Fruit Pests season and the second generation was especially damaging to late varieties in home orchards in the Southeast. APPLE MAGGOT (Rhago- letis pomonella) was present in about normal numbers. -1105- Stored Grain Pests oats and corn. This pest also was found very commonly upon stored food products in the home. INDIAN-MEAL MOTH (Plodia. interpunc- tella) was quite prevalent upon shelled corn held in storage. Household Pests eS occurred to woolen garments in a department store. BOXELDER BUG (Leptocoris trivittatus) was more prevalent during the fall than for sever- al years. CLOVER MITES (Bryobia praetiosa) were very annoying in homes during late winter and early spring of 1955. FR OE 2 2 26 2A ASK 2K 28 EE 2 OK 2 EO 2 OK OK 2K oS 2 2g 2 SUMMARY OF INSECT CONDITIONS - 1955 NEVADA Reported by H. E. Gallaway = eS ee eee ee ee ee Cropland infestations of GRASSHOPPERS were mostly localized to individual fields requiring limited control. Dominant species were Melanoplus mexicanus, M. femur-rubrum and_M. bivittatus. Severe populations of Camnuia peliucida developed on the range end native wild hay pasture lands primarily in the northeastern part of the State (Elko and White Pine Counties). Populations of C. pellucida ranged from 20 to 100 per square yard adjacent to important crop area. A cooperative control program was initiated to check this build-up. Approximately 10, 000 acres of the most severe infestations were controlied with good results. The aduli survey indicates a threat of C. pellucida in the northeastern portions, a slight increase of M, packardil, especially along drain ditches and margins, and Cratypedes negisctus in meadow and open rangelands adjacent to agricultural valleys throughout the central and western parts of the State. Approximately 3000 acres in~ fested by MORMON CRICKET (Anabrus simplex) in the Diamond Moun- tains of Eureka County were treated during 1955. The adult survey of 1955 indicates a build-up in the following mountain ranges that will require control during 1956: Eureka County, Diamond Mountains; Humboldt County, Sonoma Range; Pershing County, East Range; Lander County, Galena Range. HARVESTER ANTS were major insect pests throughout most of the western ranges. Limited control work -1106- is done each year in agricultural valleys. However, thousands of acres of rangeland are destroyed each year. ALFALFA WEEVIL (Hypera postica) populations continued at normai numbers throughout most of the central and northern areas. There was a definite increase to economic population in the southeastern part (Lincoln County). While the weevil has been present in this area for many years, it has not become of major economic importance. However, this year severe losses occurred in the Pahranagat Valley. During September adults averaged one per Sweep in many alfalfa fields. In the northern and central areas an estimated 70 percent of the 120, 000 acres of alfalfa contained economic populations or was treated for control. In the southern regions of the State SPOTTED ALFALFA APHID has become number one inimportance. First found in Nevada during September 1954, populations have increased and spread to all alfalfa fields in Clark County and southern Nye County. By mid-May 1955 economic populations had developed in most fields infested in 1954. The populations dropped to a low point during August with a build-up starting in mid-September and continuing through October. Mosi fields required control for each cutting; however, during October and November some individuals had to treat new plantings three times for protection of seedlings. During 1955 migrations extended up the eastern side of the State, in the direction of prevailing winds, reaching the Pahranagat Valley (Lincoln County) in mid-June and the White River Valley (White Pine County) during August. In White Pine County economic populations developed in individual fields on second-crop alfalfa and carried over into the third cutting. This northern migration now places the aphid at 39° N. latitude and 5500 feet elevation in economic populations. During 1955, populations of ALFALFA CATERPILLAR (Colias philo- dice eurytheme) showed a general increase. Economic populations, confined to individual fields, occurred in Clark, Nye and Churchill Counties. In the south severe populations did not develop to the extent of past years, primarily due to the control work on spotted alfalfa aphid. Larval count averaged 6 per sweep during September. YELLOW-STRIPED ARMYWORMS -General infestation of economic numbers in Moapa Valley (Clark County) during September, with counts in many fields averaging 25-30 per sweep. Local infestations occurred in the Churchill County areas. Control work exclusively for this insect was limited to a few fields; however, additional control was received in conjunction with spotted alfalfa aphid work. During September popula- tions of the THREE~CORNERED ALFALFA HOPPER (Spissistilus festinus) averaged 10-15 per sweep throughout most fields in the south. LYGUS BUG populations were general throughout the State with counts of 7to 10 per sweep in most fields. Severe infestations of CORN EARWORM (Heliothis zea) were general throughout most cornfields, many fields having 100 percent infestations, while some individual ~1107- fields were almost totally destroyed, especially in the southern areas. Some control was done on field corn but, due to improper timing, re- sults were poor. = October and early November. In the dry onion areas of west central Nevada economic populations developed during late June and required control during the remainder of the season. ONION MAGGOT (Hyiemya antiqua) was somewhat confined to individual fields through- out the dry onion producing areas, Severe damage was encountered during late April and early May, generally along the margins, with total destruction limited to afew small fields. It has not become a serious pest in the southern areas. Cotton Insects. Cotton insect pests were light during 1955. TWO-SPOTTED SPIDER MITE in economic numbers was limited to a few small spots in three fields. BOLLWORM was lighter this year than in the past, with less than an estimated 1/10 of 1 percent infested bolls. Boll counts during pink bollworm survey showed 0.02 percent bollworms (Heliothis spp. et al) with negative results for the major cotton insect ests and light damage due to a cotton stainer. LYGUS BUGS were abundant in all fields and and may have contributed to blossom drop and poor set of the first flowers. Shade Tree and Ornamental Insects SS SS SS SS ee — es ee communities in a 100 mile radius of Reno. Most American and cork elm trees not treated were 100 percent defoliated by July 15; second brood began appearing on August 10, causing some defoliation to second growth leaves. VIRGINIA CREEPER LEAF HOPPER (Erythroneura ziczac) again defoliated most of the Virginia-creeper throughout western Nevada. It was about three weeks later developing severe populations than during 1954. Stored Grain Insects dominica) did considerable damage to stored grains auring the late spring and early summer and calls were received in regard to the SAW-TOOTHED GRAIN BEETLE (Orzaephilus surinamensis) and YELLOW MEALWORM (Tenebrio molitor) in rare instances. Non- economic numbers of CARPET BEETLES were present in most buildings and the major livestock feed yards were inspected tnree or more times for Khapra beetle during the year with negative results. Household Insects Major pests atfecting the household and horne gardeners were clover mite, earwig, lawn moth, black widow spider, mealworm, saw-toothed grain beetle, ants, termites, and European earwig. TERMITE infes- tations are becoming more numerous in western and southern Nevada. This year swarming termites were unusually active in late winter and early spring and again in early fall (Cctober). CLOVER MITES became a major pest in many areas of western Nevada during late April and May, and again during October. EUROPEAN EARWIG (Forficula auricularia) in economic numbers now occurs in most towns and cities in western Nevada in a radius of 150 miles of Reno and in the southern part of the State, a ee ee ee ae ns a eg ee ee et ey ee ee southern part of the State, where unusual summer rains bred severe populations of mosquitoes and gnats, creating problems of control. Most livestock men now enter into a program of lice and fly control. A number of identifications and calls were received concerning BED BUG infestations in private homes from many points throughout the State, One of the major pests in the State affecting agriculture is the root knot nematode, No report on pest problems is complete without listing this pest as one of major importance, VOL.5 No. 51 DECEMBER 23, 1955 F's; GAs ey) Ent Cooperative ECONOMIC INSECT REPORT | PO osswed by PLANT PEST CONTROL BRANCH AGRICULTURAL RESEARCH SERVICE UNITED STATES DEPARTMENT OF AGRICULTURE AGRICULTURAL RESEARCH SERVICE PLANT PEST CONTROL BRANCH ECONOMIC INSECT SURVEY SECTION The Cooperative Economic Insect Report is issued weekly as a service to American Agri- culture. Its contentsare compiled from informa- tion supplied by cooperating State, Federal, and industrial entomologists and other agricultural workers. In releasing this material the Branch serves as a clearing house and does not assume responsibility for accuracy of the material. Reports and inquiries pertaining to this release should be mailed to: Economic Insect Survey Section Plant Pest Control Branch Agricultural Research Service United States Department of Agriculture Washington 25, D. C. Volume 5 December 23, 1955 No. 51 COOPERATIVE ECONOMIC INS 2 Ci REPORT Highlights of Insect Conditions SPOTTED ALFALFA APHID damaging alfalfa in Johnston and Pottawatomie Counties, Oklahoma. (p. 1114). Texas, Kansas and California also report on this pest. (p.1111 ). Additional collection of CITRUS BLACKFLY reported from lower Rio Grande Valley of Texas. (p.1115 ) SUMMARY OF INSECT CONDITIONS - 1955 - in New Mexico (p. 1116) and Maryland (p. 1120). SHOR HCH A A 2 2 A 2 EK A OK 2K 2 2 OE AS A 2 SFIS KE 2 2 2 C2 EK WEATHER BUREAU'S 30-DAY OUTLOOK Mid-December 1955 to Mid-January 1956 The Weather Bureau's 30-day outlook for mid-December 1955 to mid-January 1958 calls for temperatures to average above normal in the Southwest and near normal along the Gulf Coast and in northern New England. In the remainder of the country below normal temperatures are expected, with the coldest weather in the Northern Plains. Greater than normal amounts of snow are indicated in the northern third of the nation from the Great Lakes westward to the Pacific coast. Rainfall is expected to be above normal along the West Coast and below normal in the East. Subnormal precipitation is indicated in the southern half of the country, except near normal in the Tennessee Valley and along the Gulf Coast. This report released by the Weather Bureau on December 16, 55s Weather forecast given here is based on the official 30-day "Resume and Outlook", published twice a month by the Weather Bureau. You can subscribe through Superintendent of Documents, Washington 25, D. GS. Price $4. 80 a year, $2. 40 for six months. - 1110 - WEATHER FOR THE WEEK ENDING DECEMBER 19, 1955 Unusually cold weather persisted over most of the United States for the third consecutive week as cold Arctic air continued to flow southward over the North American Continent. In many northern areas temperatures have averaged below normal since the first of November, and in some north-central sections the prolonged cold spell at this time is reminiscent of the winter of 1917-1918. Although temperatures were below normal virtually the entire week east of the Rockies, the lowesttemperatures were recorded at most stations in that region the last 2 days of the period when minima fell to subzero levels from eastern Washington to the Great Lakes and southward in the Great Plains to Kansas and Missouri. A blizzard increased the severity of the weather in the Dakotas and some adjacent areas on the 13th and 14th, as a low pressure area passed eastward through gouthern Canada. Minima fell to below-freezing levels each day in interior areas, on 4 mornings on the north Pacific Coast, and at most Gulf coastal stations from Appalachicola, Fla., to Houston, Texas, near the end of the period. Near freezing and scattered frost also occurred in the south-central portion of Florida on Saturday. Ponds, lakes (except the Great Lakes), and many streams in northern areas east of the Rockies are now frozen over. Ice is 11 inches thick on Lake Pepin at Minneapolis, Minn., 12 inches in the lake near Greenville, Maine, and floating ice was reported in the river at Harrisburg, Pa. Heavy precipitation during the week was limited to the central and north Pacific Coast, the lower Mississippi Valley, and the lower east coast of Florida. A few scattered northern areas received moderate amounts, but the lower Great Plains and Southwest had little or none at all. This was the eleventh consecutive dry week in Oklahoma where the soil is dry and loose and considerable dust occurred. Fall-seeded grains need rain badly throughout the lower Great Plains. There was little or no change in the snow cover during the week as snowfall was light and mostly limited to northern areas, Paradise Ranger station, Wash, , reported a depth of 101 inches, Silver Lake, Utah 59, Houghton, Mich., 41, and Big Moose, N.Y. 14 inches. (Summary Supplied by U. S. Weather Bureau). ee ee ee ee es Se ee ee SPOTTED ALFALFA APHID - CALIFORNIA - Light infestations in alfalfa in Imperial County. Medium infestations in 2500 acres in San Diego County. Light to heavy infestations in San Bernardino County and light infestations in Santa Barbara County. Infestations general in Kern County and general in Kings County, where 3123 acres were treated. Moderate damage in Madera County and severe infestations in all alfalfa districts of Merced County. Some heavy infestations in Orange County and heavy in all districts of Fresno County. Light to medium infestations in Tehama County. (Cal. Coop. Rept., Nov.). TEXAS - Medium local infestations on alfalfa in Kaufman County. (Hawkins). KANSAS - Nymphs taken from sweeps of alfalfa December 16 at Manhattan, Riley County. Counts 1-5 per sweep. (Peters). LEAF ROLLERS - TEXAS - Medium to heavy, local populations of Platynota nigrocervina and Sparganothis sulfurana (det. H. W. Capps) on alfalfa in Brazos River bottom of Burleson County. (Brazzel). APHIDS - NORTH CAROLINA - Damaging small grain in some fields in Onslow County. Severity of infestations, probably greenbug, varies with oat varieties in Harnett County. (Jones). CORN EARWORM (Heliothis zea) - CALIFORNIA - Heavy infestations in field corn in Merced County. (Cal. Coop. Rept., Nov. ). FRUIT INSECTS _—— — SS SS County. CITRUS RED MITE infestations medium in lemon orchards in Santa Barbara County. CITRUS BUD MITE infestations light to medium in lemon plantings in Santa Barbara County. COTTONY-CUSHION SCALE infestations moderate in citrus plantings in Imperial County and light to severe damage to citrus and ornamentals in Tulare County. BLACK SCALE infestations light to heavy in San Bernardino County. CALIFORNIA RED SCALE infestations light to medium in Santa Barbara County lemon orchards. Some YELLOW SCALE infestations severe in Tulare County. (Cal. Coop. Rept. ). WALNUT HUSK FLY (Rhagoletis completa) - CALIFORNIA - Correction: CEIR 5(47):1050. Report of occurrence in Sacramento County was in eErorw (Cal GOop, Rept, Nov.) - 1112 - GRAPE PHYLLOXERA (Phyilloxera vitifoliae) - CALIFORNIA - Light to severe damage to grape roots in Tulare County. (Cal. Ccop. Rept., Nov. ). PEACH TWIG BORER (Anarsia lineatella) - CALIFORNIA - Crack tests of harvested nuts showed considerable damage to almonds in Merced County. (Cal. Coop. Rept., Nov.). TRUCK CROP INSECTS APHIDS - CALIFORNIA - Causing medium damage to truck crops in Tulare County. Heavy damage to broccoli, cabbage, cauliflower and celeryin Santa Barbara County and intesting cauliflower in Alameda County. Some heavy infestations of Brevicoryne brassicae in cabbage fields in Orange County and light infestations in broccoli in Santa Cruz County. Heavy infestations on cole crops in Monterey County. An unusually heavy infestation of a carrot aphid (Sappaphis foeniculus) damaged several hundred acres in Los Angeles County. First time control was necessary. (Cal. Coop. Rept., Nov. ). TOMATO PINWORM (Keiferia lycopersicella; - CALIFORNIA - Late tomatoes in Merced County 85 percent infested. (Cal. Coop. Rept. , Nov. ). FOREST, ORNAMENTAL AND SHADE ‘TREE INSECTS BB SS Se NN eee Seer rs a oes) ell Sas areas by salvage work and ccoler, wet weather. No reports of increased activity of BLACK TURPENTINE BEETLE. PALES WEEVIL activity has falien off on pine production. Bulk of damage in 1955 within south central area, TWIG GIRDLER concentration, mostly on hickory, higher than usual in Howard-Poik County aree. (Ark. State For. Comm.). INSECTS AFFECTING MAN AND ANIMALS SHEEP KED (Melophaqus ovinus) - KANSAS - Light infestation on feeder sheep at one iocation in Johnson County with counts averaging 1-2 per wool-part examination. (Matthew). - 1113 - CATTLE GRUBS (Hypoderma sp.) - KANSAS - Examination of 49 cattle at Manhattan, Riley County, December 7, showed 61 percent infested. Counts from 0-15 per animal with an average of three. Examination of 69 steers in a herd in Johnson County showed 98 percent infested and ranged from 0-39 with an average of nine per head. (Matthew). HOUSE FLIES - ARIZONA - Flies, mainly Musca domestica, population indices of two small towns in southeastern Maricopa County and north- western Pinal County. Average of five highest grill counts in nine blocks was as follows: Novenber 6-12, 57.0; November 13-19, 18.2, November 20-26, 42.2; November 27-December 3, 17.6; December 4-10, 37.8. (Ariz. Coop. Rept.). MOSQUITOES - CALIFORNIA - Larval occurrence of Culex tarsalis and Aedes nigromaculis steadily decreased in all regions examined. Small numbers of these species reported in a few Central Valley and southern localities. Foul-water Culex sp. main control problem in most areas. Culiseta sp. has steadily increased in the coastal region and Anopheles sp. continues in a few scattered areas in northern Central Valley. Culex tarsalis indices have steadily decreased in all areas except for Slight increase in southern region. (Cal. Coop. Rept., Nov. ). BENEFICIAL INSECTS LADY BEETLES - CALIFORNIA - With other predators, helping to check spotted alfalfa aphid in Orange County, but not as efficiently as during warmer weather. Predators falling behind aphid populations due to cool nights in San Diego County. (Cal. Coop. Rept., Nov.). STORED PRODUCTS INSECTS STORED RICE INSECTS - TEXAS - A survey of 13 bins of rough rice made in Beaumont area showed light infestations of moths and their larvae on the surface. (Bowling). MISCELLANEOUS INSECTS —— ee ee Se Se Se ee —, —_—— —— = SS SS TEXAS (College Station, 12/12-16): Pseudaletia unipuncta, 22; Agrotis ypsilon, 8; Feltia subterranea, 2, ALABAMA (Auburn, 12/3-9): Feltia SPP. , - 1114 - Survey in important potato-producing areas of north central United States showed no infestations in Michigan, Wisconsin, Minnesota, North and South Dakota. Altogether, 8461 samples representing 85, 991 acres in 88 counties were processed. (GN Cont. Prog. ). In course of processing samples for golden nematode, a wheat nematode, Heterodera unctata, was recovered from Kittson and Clay Counties, Minnesota ‘Guster Ins. Rept. Serv., Dec. 12) andfrom Pembina, Walsh, Towner and cee Forks Counties, North Dakota. (N. D. Ins. Rept. Serv., IDSs): ADDITIONAL NOTES OKLAHOMA - CATTLE LICE very active in Harper County. CATTLE GRUBS 6-10 per head on several examined in Harper County. (Owens). Of 315 head of cattle received at Oklahoma City, December 12, 115 had no grubs; 51 had 1-10; 68 had 11-20; 71 had 20 or over (10 unaccounted for), SPOTTED ALFALFA APHID infestations severe in Johnston County. Seven alfaifa fields surveyed averaged 500 to 42, 000 per square foot of alfalfa crown area. Other south central counties showed less severe to moderate infestations, Extensive damage to newly-planted alfalfa in Pottawatomie County. Lack of green growth probably limiting increase. Aphids active at temperatures in 40's. (Coppock). FLORIDA - GREEN SCALE adults moderately infesting citrus stems near Ft. Pierce, St. Lucie County, December 6. (Campbeil). MINING SCALE adults severely infesting papaya at Stuart, Martin County, December 5, (Baker, Campbell, Williams), COCONUT SCALE in all stages severely infesting hyophorbe palm at Indian Rocks, Pinellas County. (Hill). Averaging 1000 per leaf on jambolan plum at Miami, Dade County. (Dowling). SOFTSCALE adults averaging 50 per leat on orchid at Miami, Dade County. (Dowling). RED-HEADED PINE SAWF'LY larvae collected on slash pine at Palmetto, Manatee Couniy. Leaves all eaten, December 6. Larvae destroyed leaves on lower limbs of longleaf pines at Live Oak, Suwanee County. (Garland). A SCALE (Parlatoria crotonis) in adult stage averaged 200 per leaf on croton at Miami, Dade County, December 2, (Shepard, Dowling). A WAX SCALE (Ceroplastes sp. probably rubens) in nymphal stage averaged 200 per leaf on false aralia at Miami, Dade County, December 5. (Dowling). SOUTHERN GREEN STINK BUG nymphs averaged 50 per crotalaria plant near Ft. Pierce, St. Lucie County. (Williams, Campbell). — = = SS Se SS TEXAS - Nine larvae of CITRUS BLACKFLY (Aleurocanthus eae were collected from a single leaf of a grapefruit tree in a 30-acre orchard near Mercedes in Hidalgo County, November 18. Arrangements were made immediately with Texas Department of Agriculture officials for spraying the infested orchard. (Cit. Blackfly Cont. Proj. ). VIRGINIA - CATTLE LICE (Solenoptes capillatus and Bovicola bovis) infestations still very light on dairy cattle at Blacksburg. (Turner, Raffensperger). RECENT IMPORTANT INTERCEPTIONS AT PORTS OF ENTRY Of unusual interest was the recent interception of a living adult weevil, identified as Anthonomus rectirostris (L.) in the seeds of Prunus nipponica in the mails from Japan at the Washington, D. C. Inspection House (Gouldman). This insect has been reported injurious to cherries in Switzerland, Germany, Sweden and other parts of Europe. Principal injury is due to the adults feeding on the young fruits causing considerable early drop. Adults also damage the fruits by oviposition punctures. In addition, the larvae feed inside the seeds but their injury is usually of minor importance. Anthonomus rectirostris seems to occur principally in wild cherries where occasional heavy populations build up that migrate to cultivated cherries to inflict heavy damage particu- larly in the vicinity of wooded areas, fence rows or hedges. Observations on the biology of the insect in Switzerland indicate it hibernates in the adult stage in grass or leaves underneath the cherry trees. In the spring, adults feed on young leaves and fruits for two to four weeks. The adult females deposit eggs in the fruits near the seed from the first of May until the middle of June. Each female lays about 13 eggs. On hatching, the larvae bore into the seed, feed until about the end of July, then cut an exit hole for the future adults, and pupate in the seed. Pupal stage lasts about 2 weeks and adults emerge in August. Living specimens of A. rectirostris have been intercepted occasionally in recent years in cherry seeds from Austria, Bulgaria, Czechoslovakia, Denmark, France, Germany and Japan at various ports. It is not known to occur in the United States. (Compiled by Plant Quarantine Branch). Sibi 6 SUMMARY OF INSECT CONDITIONS NEW MEXICO Reported by J. J. Durkin Cereal and Forage Insects GRASSHOPPERS were the major insect problem in the State. A sur- vey of adult grasshoppers showed close to 3 million acres of range and crop land with threatening to very severe infestations. During the spring and summer of 1955, 458,003 acres of rangeland were sprayed at a total cost of $205,674. Losses to grasshoppers on range and crop lands over the State are estimated at $2,500,000. They were numerous on cereal and forage crops in spotted areas over the State. Almost every county nad light to heavy infestations on field crops. Grasshoppers caused severe damage to field crops in Mora, Taos, Santa Fe, San Juan, Rio Arriba and Bernalillo Counties. The SPOTTED ALFALFA APHID began building damaging infestations in May and continued to cause damage until mid-July. Most growers were familiar with the aphid after the sneak attack in 1954, so damage was fairly light, but control costs were heavy, probably costing farmers in the State over one million dollars. After mid-July the rains seemed to keep the aphid under control until late September, when it began building up again in some areas, only to subside and appear again on seedling stands in November. LYGUS BUGS (Lyqus elisus and L. hesperus) and SAY STINK BUG (Chlorochroa sag damaged alfalfa seed crops in Quay County. ‘These two pests took over when the spotted alfalfa aphid populations diminished. CORN EARWORM (Heliothis zea). and ALFALFA CATERPILLAR (Colias philodice eurytheme) were numerous in some areas but were controlled in most cases by cutting early before too much loss was sustained. PEA APHID (Macrosiphum pisi) populations were high in alfalfa during most of the growing season. Ordinarily, the pea aphid is a minor pest only during the first month of the growing season, but abnormally cool weather throughout the summer seemed to keep it thriving in the northern half of the State from April to October. BLISTER BEETLES caused damage to alfalfa crops in a few areas in Lea, Rio Arriba, and Grant Counties. STINK BUG populations were heavy on barley and oats in irrigated sections during June. GRAIN APHIDS also infested barley fields throughout the State but damage was light. CORN LEAF APHID (Rhopalosiphum maidis) was a pest on brcom corn in Quay County bul control measures were effective. CORN EARWORM heavily infested field corn, sweet corn, and broom corn in Quay County and other areas of the State. TWO-SPOTTED SPIDER MITE (Tetranychus telarius) was heavy on corn in Torrance and Valencia Counties. FALSE CHINCH BUGS (Nysius spp.) were severe on sorghums in Curry County. = 1117. - truit Insects were lost. WOOLLY APPLE APHID (Eriosoma lanigerum) occurred in light to heavy infestations throughout the State depending on con- trol measures. Heavy build-ups during harvest were noted in several areas. ORCHARD MITES (Tetranychus telarius, Bryobia praetiosa and Metatetranychus ulmi) were also present in orchards throughout the State. Populations increased rapidly during harvest and eggs are extremely numerous in many orchards. LEAFHOPPERS were very numerous in orchards in Bernalillo, Santa Fe, San Juan, and Rio Arriba Counties. BUFFALO TREEHOPPER (Stictocephala bubalus) damage was light to moderate in most fruit-growing areas. GRAPE LEAF HOPPERS (Erythroneura sp.) were very abundant on grapes in Dona Ana County, causing severe damage to foliage. JUNE BEETLES (Cotinis texana and Phyllophaga spp. ) werenumerous on grapes and peaches in Dona Ana and San Juan Counties. MEALYBUGS were found on grapes in De Baca County, but the infestation was very light and no damage was apparent. PECAN APHIDS (Monellia costalis and Melano- callis caryaefoliae) were heavy on pecans in the Mesilla Valley during the early part of the summer. A WEEVIL (Euclyptus derivatus) was found in large numbers on wild cherry trees in Lincoln County. ready and control was effective. SPOTTED CUCUMBER BEETLES (Diabrotica sp.) were present on most crops, but no damaging infesta- tions were reported, - 1118 - Cotton Insects SEED-CORN MAGGOT tie 8 cilicrura) caused damage to newly- planted cottonseed in April and May and made replanting necessary in some areas. DARKLING BEETLES were numerous in the Pecos Valley and injured young seedlings. THRIPS (Frankiiniella spp. and Thrips tabaci) and APHIDS (Aphis medicaginis and A. gossypii) plagued growers in all cotton-growing areas from early May to mid-July. BOLLWORMS (Heliothis zea) were the worst pest of the season, causing severe damage in Chavez and Luna Counties and threatening the cotton crop in other areas. COTTON FLEAHOPPER (Psallus seriatus) was moderately abundant in most cotton fields, causing square drop and damaging terminal growth, but was not considered a severe threat. LYGUS BUGS (Lygqus hesperus and L. elisus) were present in most fields, but no heavy infestations were reported, and damage was light. SUPERB PLANT BUG (Adelphocoris superbus) caused severe damage to a few fields in Dona Ana County, but elsewhere was not considered important. COTTCN LEAFWORM (Alabama argillacea) was very light and caused light damage in a few spotted areas. CABBAGE LOOPER (Trichoplusia ni) appeared in Eddy County, put damage was very light. SAY STINK BUG damaged several areas by staining lint and causing premature and uneven opening of bolls. In most areas their presence was not evident until the injury was found. PINK BOLLWORM {Pectinophora gossyniella) was not a major concern, but one field in southern Dona Ana County had a 10 to 15 percent infes- tation and lint cleaner inspections indicated that Lea, Eddy and Dona Ana Counties may have had light to medium infestations in some areas. TWO-SPOTTED SPIDER MITE (Tetranychus telarius) infestations were generally light, with a few heavy iate-season infestations in widely- scattered areas, Heavy infestations occurred where plant populations were low and soils were light. Insects of Ornamentals and Shade Trees _ APHIDS were heavy on American elm, pecans, roses, euonymus, arborvitae, and willow. CALIFORNIA PRIONUS (Prionus californicus) damaged willows, cottonwoods, poplars, and other softwoods through- out the State. PINE NEEDLE SCALES (Phenacaspia pinifoliae) were problem on cedar trees in Santa Fe. EUONYMUsS SCALE infestations were heavy on euonymus in Albuquerque. SPIDER MITES webbed and discolored cypress and juniper trees throughout the State. TENT CATERPILLARS (Malacosoma spp.) damaged cottonwoods, poplars, and pecans. BAGWORM infestations were light to medium in a few spotted areas over the State and were most numerous on Chinese elm. A NITIDULID (Conotelus mexicanus) damaged rose buds and blooms in Dona Ana County. - 1119 - —— ———— a —— cattle-raising areas over the State. Counts in Dona Ana County aver- aged 500 per animal. CATTLE LICE were a problem on range and dairy cattle during the winter months. SCREW-WORMS caused con- cern in several areas of the State. COMMON CATTLE GRUB (Hypo- derma lineatum) infestations were very heavy on range cattle, causing as much as a two-dollar-per-head cut in market value. HOUSE FLIES and MOSQUITOES were a problem in many areas after heavy rains in July. BOXELDER BUGS were very numerous in several cities and were a general nuisance around homes, motels and in business districts. CLOVER MITES (Bryobia praetiosa) were a nuisance in homes. SPRINC- TAILS were also a nuisance in homes and were especially numerous after application of cottonseed hulls to lawns. A CARABID (Calosoma semilaeve) appeared in large numbers in many cities in the southern half of the State, causing concern to hotel, motel, and restaurant opera- tors. BLOOD-SUCKING ASSASSIN BUGS and BEDBUGS were numerous in Espanola and Tucumcari. Beneficial Insects ’ LADY BEETLES (Hippodamia convercens and H. parenthesis) were very mi nt in cotton fields early in the growing season. A DAMSEL BUG (Nabis ferus) and a COLLOPS (Collops vittatus) were moderately abundant in cotton and alfalfa. A BIG-HYED BUG (Geoecoris punctipes) was numerous in cotton fields in most areas. LACEWINGS (Chrysopa spp.) were very numerous in cotton fields in the State. In some areas, bollworm populations and damage were very low, possibly because of high lacewing populations. A CARA- BID (Calosoma semilaeve) adults and larvae were very numerous on range and dry land farms in Lincoln and Socorro Counties. Miscellaneous Insects WHITE-LINED SPHINX (Celerio lineata) was very numerous on range- lands and migrated in armies across highways and open fields. In populated areas, it caused concern, but no damage to crops or home gardens was reported, and the loss on rangeland was negligible. GEOMETRID LARVAE (Sterrha bonifata) were very numerous On one- and two-year old baled hay in a hay barn in Dona Ana County. - 1120 - SUMMARY OF INSECT CONDITIONS - 1955 MARYLAND Compiled by W. C. Harding, Jr. — ee ee eo eS ree ee ee ee aes ees ee ae es ee ee CORN EARWORM (Heliothis zea) caused serious ear damage to early and late sweet corn and field corn and was more than normally de- structive to pods of late snap and lima beans as well as soybeans. Damage was heaviest on the Eastern Shore. FALL ARMYWORM (Laphygma frugiperda) on late sweet corn crop was heavier than usual. During August late field corn from Calvert to Carroll Counties was damaged considerably with some replanting necessary. EUROPEAN CORN BORER (Pyrausta nubilalis) damage to canning corn was about normal, with some damage to wheat and potatoes. The 1955 fall infestation survey showed the State average of borers per 100 plants to be 140. In 1954 it was 41 per 100 plants. This year the principal in- crease was on the Eastern Shore, where the average for 9 counties was 246 per 100 plants as compared with 55 per 100 in 1954. On the basis of 3 percent damage for each borer per stalk (USDA), it is estimated that the loss in Maryland for 1955 amounted to 718, 000 bushels valued at approximately $1, 076, 630. ALFALFA WEEVIL (Hypera postica) was again destructive on first- growth alfalfa, and the second growth in some areas was held back by larvae and adults. Its range was extended somewhat and now the weevil is economically destructive in all counties except Allegany and Garret. Spraying was general over most of the Siate. PEA APHID (Macrosiphum pisi) was abundant on alfalfa in the spring and growers included materials in their sprays to control it. Popu- lations were heaviest the latter part of April in central Maryland and on the Eastern Shore. Estimates on the loss of hay by all insects amount to $2, 000, 000. Loss of alfalfa hay to the alfalfa weevil is estimated at $750, O00. HORNWORMS (Protoparce spp.) caused moderate to heavy damage in late August to the southern Maryland tobacco crop. Some fields were - 1121 - so badly damaged as to be not worth harvesting. ‘Two hurricanes interrupted all field work so that practically nothing could be done before August 20. FLEA BEETLES - 1955 was the worst year for the tobacco flea beetle (Bpitrix hirtipennis) on record. Heavy damage was done to planis in the field, and in many instances injury was noticeable to the choice mid-leaves. Estimated loss of tobacco due to flea beetles and horn- worms amounted to $1,158,000. Flea beetles were also injurious on potatoes, tomatoes, and corn, and were unusually abundant on cabbage and other crucifers during early 1955. CUTWORMS - Damage to corn, tomatoes, beans, and potatoes was moderate to heavy during the spring and early summer. ‘They were unusually severe on crops planted after sod. Over 2,000 acres of the above crops had tc be partly or completely replanted. The predomi- nating cutworm moths caught in the black light trap at Fairland were the black cutworm (Agrotis ypsiion) and the variegated cutworm (Peridroma margaritosa), UNSPOTTED TENTIFORM LEAF MINER (Callisto geminatella) - First commercial damage on apples occurred during 1954. Serious defoliation of many orchards took place in 1955. Special sprays will be needed in 1956 for control if this insect continues abundant. MOSQUITOES were a serious problem in 1955, especially in the Chesapeake Bay area where the salt-+narsh mosquito (Aedes sollicitans) was abundant. This species was observed as far inland as College Park. In central Maryland the principal biting mosquito was the northern house mosquito (Culex pipiens). Other fresh water species encountered were Aedes vexans and Aedes canadensis. Heavy rains in August played an important part in the population increase. Other Insects by Crops. Counties. CORN FLEA BEETLE (Chaetocnema pulicaria) populations were lighter than in 1954. A CORN SAP BEETLE (Carpophilus luqubris) infestations in harvested sweet corn ranged from light to heavy. A SOD WEBWORM (Crambus sp.) damaged young corn in Allegany and Garrett Counties in June. WIREWORMS damaged newly- sprouted corn in some areas. HESSIAN FLY (Phytophaga destructor) damage to wheat was heavy in central and western Maryland. - 1122 - Shore during May, Neodiprion americanus americanus inflicted light to moderate foliage damage to 500 acres of loblolly pine. NANTUCKET PINE MOTH (Rhyacionia frustrana) did severe tip damage a see acres of red and Scotch pine watershed plantings in Baltimore ounty. LOCUST LEAF MINER (Chalepus dorsalis) caused heavy defoliation on black locust in all sections in June and July. ELM LEAF BEETLE (Galerucella xanthomelaena) was heavy on American elm in most sections. SMALLER EUROPEAN ELM BARK BEETLE (Scolytus multistriatus), principal insect vector of Dutch elm disease, was found in Montgomery County in August emerging from bark of elm trees killed by the disease. ASIATIC OAK WEEVIL (Cyrtepistomus castaneus) damaged oak foliage in Baltimore County in August. BAS TERN TENT CATERPILLAR (Malacosoma americanum) was heavy on wild cherry and fruit trees. MIMOSA WEBWORM Homadaula albizziae) caused webbing on mimosa trees during the summer over most of the State. BAGWORM (Thyridopteryx ephemerae- formis) was severe on arborvitae and cedar. EUONYMUS SCALE (Unaspis euonymi) was common on euonymus and bittersweet. LACE BUGS were heavy on azaleas and rhododendrons in many areas. OLIVE SCALE (Parlatoria oleae) was moderate to heavy on privet hedge in Baltimore City. BOXWOOD LEAF MINER (Monarthropalpus buxi) was troublesome in April and May and the BOXWOOD PSYLLID (Psylla buxi) was injurious to English boxwood. HOLLY LEAF MINERS were present on holly in April in all sections. SPIDER MITES were heavy on untreated ornament-. als, especially spruce and arborvitae, during the summer. IRIS BORER (Macronoctua onusta) damaged the shoots and leaves of iris at College Park in July. JAPANESE BEETLE (Popillia japonica) populations were low generally; however, there were more than usual number of reports of damage to ornamentals and crops, —— SS ee MEADOW SPITTLEBUG (Philaenus leucophthalmus) populations on alfalfa and clover were less than in 1954; there vere some localized heavy populations principally on red clover. POTATO LEAFHOPPER (Empoasca fabae) was generally light on alfalfa over the State, some damage to later cuttings in central Maryland. GRASSHOPPERS again caused local damage to alfalfa and clover, principally in Montgomery -~ 1123 - and Frederick Counties, during July and August. LESSER CLOVER LEAF WEEVIL (Hypera nigrirostris) was injurious to red and ladino clover in different sections. Adults in June held back new red clover growth in Queen Annes County, Lepidopterous larvae swept from alfalfa during the spring and summer included GREEN CLOVERWORM (Plathypena scabra), ALFALFA CATERPILLAR (Colias philodice eurytheme) and GARDEN WEBWORM (Loxostege Similalis). In addition, the YHELLOW-STRIPED ARMYWORM (Prodenia ornitnogaili) larvae held back new alfalfa seedings in Baltimore County in early October. *See Soybean Insects, p. 1126 Insects of Fruit and Nuts SS Se SS ee ——— re me oot ROLLER ‘Argyrotaenia velutinana), a serious pest of apples in 1955, is causing commercial damage in many orchards; it appears to be more difficult to control than afew years ago. ROSY APPLE APHID (Anuraphis roseus) caused some damage in commercial orchards during 1955. The dinitro materials appear to be less effective against this pest than they were e few years ago. ORCHARD MITES were less prevalent in 1955 than in 1954. SCALE INSECTS continue to do damage in isolated apple orchards. Dormant oil sprays gave excellent control, © however. DIFFERENTIAL GRASSHOPPER (Melanoplus differentialis) averaged 15 per square yard in apple orchard in Harford County 11 August. Damage to young trees was heavy. On peaches PLUM CURCULIO (Conotrachelus nenuphar), ORIENTAL FRUIT MOTH (Grapholitha moiesta) and CATFACING INSECTS were found in a few isolated orchards where the spray program was not followed. PEACH TREE BORER (Senninoidea exitiosa) damage was not reported in peach orchards where the spray program was followed; however, some damage to sour cherries and plums was reported by several growers. Insect damage to strawberries on the Eastern Shore was comparatively light. In the spring a STRAWBERRY LEAF ROLLER (Ancylis sp.) and ~ the STRAWBERRY WESBVIL (Anthonomus signatus) did moderate injury to leaves and buds. PUTNAM SCALE (Aspidiotus ancylus) was found on the leaves, stems and fruit of blueberries in Wicomico County and there was some damage to blueberry foliage at the Agronomy Research Farm by the larvae of Datana drexili in September. ASIATIC OAK WEEVIL (Cyrtepistomus castaneus) damaged commercial chestnut foliage in Prince Georges County in August. In chestnut orchards where no sprays were applied, damage to the nuts by weevils, principally the SMALL CHESTNUT WEEVIL (Curculio auriger) exceeded 90 percent. - 1124 - BEREAN LEAF BEETLE (Cerotoma trifurcata) did light to moderate damage to snap aan on the Eastern Shore in May and June. vee BEAN BEETLE (Epilachna varivestis) populations on commercia plantings of snap beans and lima beans were heavier than in 1954. © Infestations of the STRIPED CUCUMBER BEETLE (Acalymma vittata) and the SPOTTED CUCUMBER BEETLE (Diabrotica undectmpunctata howardi) on beans and cucurbits were about normal. TWO-SPOTTED SPIDER MITE (Tetranychus telarius) was light on beans and POTATO LEAF HOPPER (Empoasca fabae) populations on snap beans were below normal. SEED-CORN MAGGOT (Hylemya cilicrura) caused some” replanting of beans in Caroline County. Other pests that caused bean growers concern were THRIPS and the BEAN APHID (Aphis fabae). HORNWORMS (Protoparce spp. ) were heavier than usual on the tomato crop. TOMATO RUSSET MITE (Vasates lycopersici) infestations were reported from five counties; however, damage was comparatively light. VINEGAR GNATS (Drosophila sp.) were serious at canneries in August and September. COLORADO POTATO BEETLE (Leptinotarsa decem- lineata) did moderate to heavy damage to both tomatoes and potatoes in all sections early in the season. PEA APHID (Macrosiphum pisi) infes- tations on peas about normal. ASPARAGUS BEETLE (Crioceris asparagi) adults were abundant on commercial plantings in Cecil and Kent Counties in late May. WIREWORMS were troublesome in localized areas, prin- cipally on the Eastern Shore, damaging both potatoes and sweetpotatoes. TORTOISE BEETLES and FLEA BEETLES again damaged sweetpotato foliage in Wicomico, Somerset and Worcester Counties. IMPORTED CABBAGEWORM (Pieris rapae) butterflies were unusually abundant over the State and larval infestations were quite general on cabbage, broccoli and kale throughout the season. CABBAGE LOOPER (Tricho- lusia ni) was quite abundant during the summer on cabbage and broccoli on the Eastern Shore. YELLOW-STRIPED ARMYWORM (Prodenia ornithogalli) and the GARDEN WEBWORM (Loxostege similalis) damaged newly emerged spinach in Kent County inSeptember. ‘The D State- Federal WHITE-FRINGED BEETLE Survey in Maryland proved negative. ‘Tobacco Insects Light to moderate injury was done to plants in beds by GREEN JUNE BEETLE (Cotinis nitida) larvae, FLEA BEETLES and CUTWORMS, VEGETABLE WEEVIL (Listroderes costirostris obliquus) larvae inflicted spotty damage to plants in beds in St. Marys and Calvert Counties. Damage this year was heavier than last year, and the weevil is apparently extending its range in southern Maryland. Plants newly set in the field were troubled with cutworms and in Prince Georges County there was light damage to young plants by the STALK BORER (Papaipema nebris) in May. TOBACCO BUDWORM (Heliothis virescens) - 1125 - did moderate damage to plants in the field. GREEN PEACH APHID (Myzus persicae) was light on tobacco in 1955, practically no treating done. a ee ee ee extremely troublesome during the summer to residents in different sec- tions, particularly suburban Washington. In the fall many reports were received from various sections of the State of stinging caterpillars, including the SADDLEBACK CATERPILLAR (Sibine stimulea) and PUSS CATERPILLAR (Megalopyge opercularis). A survey in January of young beef cattle in Montgomery County showed that 75 out of 110 animals on five farms were infested with CATTLE GRUBS, There were from one to 30 grubs per animai. Around Maryland dairy and beef farms there were the usual numbers of BITING FLIES, and the HOUSE FLY (Musca domestica) was heavy around dairy and beef barns in all localities. A heavy infestation of NORTHERN FOWL MITE (Bdelionyssus sylviarum) was found on 2, 000 white leghorn chickens at Chestertown in February; controls were applied. FOWL TICKS (Argas persicus) found attacking young chickens in Harford County. Stored Products Insects . ANGOUMOIS GRAIN MOTH (Sitotroga cerealelia) was heavy in stored corn in central Maryland in September. CADELLE (Tenebroides mauritanicus) damaged stored wheet and other small grains in Washing- ton and Taibot Counties. INDIAN-MEAL MOTH (Plodia interpunctella) injured small grains in storage in Washington County. Household Insects es ee ee ee Smali numbers of a MURKY MEAL CATERPILLAR (Aglossa caprealis) larvae were found in homes in Prince Georges and Dore Counbicse In late summer the ASIATIC OAK WEEVIL adults caused homeowners in central Maryland concern by flying to screens and windows at night. Other insects that caused householders trouble during the year were OLD HOUSE BORER (Hylotrupes bajulus), ELM LEAF BEETLE (Galerucella xanthomelaena), BLACK WIDOW SPIDER (Latrodectus mactans), ANTS, TERMITES*and COCKROACHES. The BROWN-BANDED ROACH (Supeila supellectilium) is becoming more plentiful. *Dominant species in Maryland is Reticulitermes flavipes (Kollar); however, Reticulitermes virginicus (Banks) was identified from Port Deposit, Cecil County, in June, ~ 1126 - WORM, BEAN LEAF BEETLE, and the JAPANESE BEETLE. A fungus disease (Spicaria elev) was found quite common on the green clover- worm in September. C. G, Thompson, Beekeeping and Insect Pathology Section, found the former quite effective in controlling the insect. STRAWBERRY SPIDER MITE (Tetranychus atlanticus) was much light- er this year than in 1954. Unusual damage to young soybean foliage from the feeding of the CLOVER ROOT CURCULIO (Sitona hispidula) was noted in St. Marys County in June; the soybeans had followed ladino clover. DECEMBER 30, 1955 xt Co o pP erative ECONOMIC INSECT REPORT See oe Bh So Basted by “PLANT PEST CONTROL BRANCE a, - AGRICULTURAL RESEARCH SERVICE Sau sa 7 UNITED STATES: DEPARTMENT oF AGRICULTURE AGRICULTURAL RESEARCH SERVICE PLANT PEST CONTROL BRANCH ECONOMIC INSECT SURVEY SECTION The Cooperative Economic Insect Report is issued weekly as a service to American Agri- culture. {ts contentsare compiled from informa- tion supplied by cooperating State, Federal, and industrial entomologists and other agricultural workers. In releasing this material the Branch serves as a clearing house and does not assume responsibility for accuracy of the material. Reports and inquiries pertaining to this release should be mailed to: Economic Insect Survey Section Plant Pest Control Branch Agricultural Research Service United States Department of Agriculture Washington 25, D. C. Volume 5 December 30, 1950 Non 22 COOP PAWN IS ES OMONITG IONS ee al 15h els ot Highlights of Insect Conditions BOLL WEEVIL hibernation counts in Georgia. (p. 1130). Status of KEAPRA BEETLE as cf December. (p. 1131). Status of EUROPEAN CORN BORER in 1955. (pp. 1133-1149). DE KOK OE oO oR AC aK 2K a AS 2K ICS A 2 AK OK OB 2 2K WEATEER FOR THE WEEK ENDING DECEMBER 26, 1995 The disastrous floods on the West Coast dominated the weather picture for the past week, Heavy, almost continuous rains, in central and northern California and in western portions of Oregon and Washington, with rising temperatures melting the snow, have sent many streams on a rampage. The Sacramento River system has been hardest hit, although Truckee, Klamath, Russian and Eel Rivers also went out of control. To date the Red Cross lists 23 persons known dead and 67 reported dead. Newspapers report the death total as 46 - 34 in California and 12 in Oregon. Great numbers have been evacuated from their homes until the water re- cedes, and preliminary damage estimates exceed $150 million. Very high winds with gusts to and exceeding 100 miles per hour occurred in Washington on the 20th, causing some timber and property damage, and in the Colorado and Wyoming areas on the 28rd, raising clouds of dust. Elsewhere in the Nation temperatures returned to normal and and above after a prolonged cold spell. Abnormally high temperatures were associated with persistent south- westerly winds along the West Coast and Chinook winds east of the Con- tinental Divide caused temperature departures as high as 20° above normal in Wyoming and Colorado. The high temperatures caused rapid melting of snow in the mountains, contributing to the high flow in the streams of the West Coast. In the Southeast temperatures were below -1123- normal during the first part of the period, but a rapid rise in tempera- ture on the 24th and 25th resulted in some record highs occurring east of the Rockies. Ashland, Kansas, reported a temperature of 90° on the 24th. The Northeast averaged much below normal for the period, although there was a brief respite on the 24th and 2dth., Except for small sheltered areas, precipitation was heavy along the West Coast from just below San Francisco northward. Preliminary total amounts as high as 31.60 inches have been reported in this area for a 10-day period starting about the 15th. On the 18th heavy snow fell in Washington, with amounts ranging from 3 inches east of the Cascades to 2 feet at higher elevations. Dry weather continues in the high plains, with strong winds blowing dust in some areas. Almost daily light showers of snow or rain occurred in the Great Lakes region. In the Southeast there was little or no precipitation, and from New Jersey northward one to three inches of snow fell on the 22nd. SOAK A IO RI RR RK aK akc Reports in this issue are for the week ending December 23, unless otherwise designated. Se -1129- CEREAL AND FORAGE INSECTS SPOTTED ALFALFA APHID - OKLAHOMA - Moderate to heavy infes- tations occurred in 29 alfalfa fields in 11 southwestern counties, All major alfalfa-producing areas were surveyed, except the Panhandle, during November-December, and all areas showed moderate to heavy infestations. No increases expected, due to low temperatures. (Coppock). CHINCH BUG (Blissus leucopterus) - MISSOURI - Results of fall abund- ance survey showed the following: 15 counties very severe compared with 8 in 1954; "14 moderate compared with 3 in 1954; and 15 counties light compared with 3 in 1954. Counties with very severe rating: Atchison, Nodaway, Harrison, Holt, Andrew, Platte, Clay and Vernon. Counties with severe rating: Worth, Gentry, Lafayette, Butler, New Madrid and Scott. Counts ranged from 0-26, 080 per square foot. (Kyd, Thomas). FRUIT INSECTS PECAN WEEVIL (Curculio caryae) - GEORGIA - Larvae infesting nuts in store at Fitzgerald. Origin of nuts in Ben Hill County, December 8. (Murphy). TRUCK CROP INSECTS CABBAGE APHID (Brevicoryne brassicae) - ARIZONA - Light to heavy on 40 acres of cabbage at Phoenix, December 2, causing light damage. Area treated, (Ariz. Coop. Rept. ). POTATO TUBERWORM (Gnorimoschema operculella) - MARYLAND - Sixty-five bushels of potatoes ruined at Mi-che!lville. Damage well advanced by November 30. (U. Md., Ent. Dept. ). COTTON INSECTS - Coop. Rept. ). EUROPEAN CORN BORER (Pyrausta nubilalis) - MISSOURI - Examina- tion of cotton stems, December 15, showed 1-2 percent of damaged stalks contained overwintering fifth instar larvae. (Kyd, Thomas). * 6 counties severe compared with 11 in 1954; -1130- Boll Weevil Hibernation Counts, Georgia fields, to determine the number of boll weevils in ea ance were made in four regions in Georgia from November 7 to December 5, 1955. The average for the State was 799 live weevils per acre of surface trash, This compares with 99 weevils a year ago. Averages for areas where samples were collected were as follows: northwest (Gordon County) © 578; north central (Spalding, Butts, Pike Counties) 242; east central (Burke County) 629; and south (Titt County) 1, 742. Five samples or 90 square feet were taken from each of 42 farms. Live weevils were found on SO percent of the farms examined. The maximum number of weevils per acre found on one farm was 9, 680 in Tift County. Samples from the same farms will be examined during the spring to determine the winter survival of weevils. (Beckham). POREST, ORNAMENTAL AND SHADE TREE INSECTS SPIDER MITES (Tetranychus sp.) - OREGON - Damaging 100 cyclamen plants in a greenhouse at Albany. (Bock). GREEN PEACH APHID (Myzus persicae) - WASHINGTON - Infestations numerous on greenhouse carnations in western area this fall. (Doucette). A PRIVET MITE (Brevipalpus inornatus) - WASHINGTON - Occurring on azaleas in western area and at Portland. (Doucette). HOUSE FLIES - ARIZONA - Flies, mainly Musca domestica, populations indices of two small towns in southeastern Maricopa and northwestern Pinal Counties average of five highest grill counts in nine blocks, December 11-17: 65.2, (Ariz. Coop. Rept. ). CATTLE GRUBS - MISSOURI - Above normal to high numbers of grubs in backs of cattle in several counties in the southwest, west central and central areas. (Kyd, Thomas). CATTLE LICE - UTAH - Continue to seriously infest cattle in several counties. (Knowlton). NORTH DAKOTA ~- Short~nosed cattle louse, Haematopinus eurysternus, appears to be building up to plete num- ' bers in Red River Valley on beef cattle where no control applies Herefords more heavily infested than Shorthorn or Angus. N. D. Ins. Rept. Serv. ). -1131- LOUSE FLIES - VIRGINIA - Adults found on grouse killed in Wythe County (Copenhaver). Another specimen found on crouse at Roanoke. (Rowell). SHEEP SCAB MITE (Psoroptes equi ovis) - VIRGINIA - Sixty sheep dipped in Clarke County. Control complete. (Gerken). STORED PRODUCTS INSECTS ee ee eee ee ae eae eee ee New Mexico. The 296 infested establishments contain some 92, 653, 000 cubic teet, To date eradication fumigations have been carried out on 131 properties containing 51,653,000 cubic feet. ‘Thirty of the treated oroperties are in Arizona, 97 in California, and 4 in New Mexico. Some 165 properties containing 41, 000, O00 cubic feet are to be treated. (Khapra Beetle Cont. Prog., Dec. 19). From 8-10 larvae of MEDITERRANEAN FLOUR MOTH per quart surface sampleof stored grain. GRANARY WEEVIL, SAW-TOOTHED GRAIN BEETLE and FOREIGN GRAIN BEETLE were common but not in large numbers, in sacked feed and grain, CONFUSED FLOUR BEETLE and Ptinus ocellus Brown and Ptinus sp. provoably fur were most numer- ous. (Geodeén), MISCELLANEOUS INSECTS A PHALAENID (Manruta elinqua) - UTAH - Four specimens collected at Kanab at lights on October 12. Apparently new to the State. (Det. EB, L. Todd). (Knowlton). AN ANOBITID BEETLE (Xyletinus peltatus) - VIRGINIA - Larvae and adults heavily damaged timbers in residence at West Point, November 21. (Det. T. J. Spilman and W. H. Anderson). (Rowell). ORIENTAL CCOCKROACH (Blatia orientalis) - MARYLAND - Infesting home in Baltimore, December 8. (U. Md., Ent. Dept. ). =——- SS == “ea Mes : mie rth hee: Siow a mi Va py HE chee oh, crab Faeneait sk ost Ae rh apt inl tC ne hs) -1133- STATUS OF THE EUROPEAN CORN BURER IN 190: Survey Data Provided by State Agricultural Agencies Compiled and Summarized by Leo G. K. Iverson and ©. W. Shockley Economic Insect Survey Section, Plant Pest Control Branch United States Department of Agriculture Agricultural agencies in 23 States reported on surveys conducted in their States to determine the abundance and distribution of the European corn borer (Pyrausta nubilalis) in 1955. All survey data, summaries or records of field observations were submitted to the Economic Insect Survey Unit serving them. This is a compilation of all information submitted by the State agencies. Distribution The European corn borer was known to occur in 87 States in 1955. In some States only a few counties are infested while in others the borer has been found in all areas. No additional States were reported as infested in 1955. Several States, however, reported new county records indicating a continued spread oi the insect. These were as follows: Alabama 10, Arkansas 18, Georgia 5, Mississippi 2, Nebraska 1, Oklahoma 3, Tennessee 1, Virginia 7. Specimens were taken in Obion County, Tennessee in 1953; however, the record has not been previously carried in this report. The area in the United States now known to be infested includes a total of 1,644 counties as shown on Map i. ~1134- Counties reported as infested for the first time in 1955 are as follows: Alabama Arkansas, Con't. Oklahoma, Blount Logan Canadian Cherokee Monroe Ottawa Colbert Pope Payne De Kalb Randolph Etowah St. Francis Nebraska Franklin Stone Kimball Jackson White Lawrence Woodruff Tennessee Limestone Yell Obion Morgan Georgia Virginia Arkansas Chattooga Alleghany Arkansas Floyd Buchanan Craighead Polk Craig Cross Vialker Dickenson Franklin Whitfield Lee Greene Louisa Independence Mississippi Patrick Jackson Marshell Lawrence Panola Lincoln Abundance The 1955 corn borer abundance surveys began in late August and continued through November. These surveys are designed to measure the fall population of corn borer larvae. The participating states were encouraged to time their surveys to include a high percentage of mature larvae whenever possible. In all cases, except for minor differences in compiling data, the accepted survey methods were used. Nine of the eleven Eastern States surveyed in the fall of 1955 showea increases in borer population. Some of the more important increases were in Delaware, from 60 borers per 100 stalks in 1954 to 241 in 1955; Maryland, from 41 to 140; New Jersey, from 28 to 177; Rhode Island, from 39 to 131. (see table 1). Table 1.--Summary by States of European corn borer abundance in corn, fall of 1955, compared with data for 1954. : 1954 : 1955 : Counties surveyed : Number : Average : Number ; Average g both years 5 of : mumber of : of : number of : Number :Borers per : counties : borers per : counties : borers per : of :100 plants : surveyed : 100 plants : surveyed : 100 plants :counties:1954: 1955 Eastern U.S. Connecticut 8 8 8 27 8 8 27 Delaware 3 60 3 241 3 60 241 Maine - - - - - - - Mary land 23 41 23 140 23 41 140 Massachusetts it 4 - - - - - New Hampshire 7 46 8 25 7 46 24 New Jersey 12 28 12 M77 12 28 N77) New York 19 N7/ 14 19 14 17 19 Pennsylvania 29 19 34 68 28 19 62 Rhode Island 5 39 5 ishal 5 39 SS NIE Vermont 5 4 14 3 5 4 3 Virginia 7 123 3 L/ 155 7p 1 SS West Virginia 3 3} 3 32 3 13 32 Total - - - - IEPA 145 ES) nuemame BJ ooo co es oee oes oe eo ee ees eee sae os 33 90 North Central States Illinois 44 215 42 339 42 225 339 Indiana 20 102 6 2/ 172 WO TO 172 Lowa 12 3/ 497 12 3/ 351 99 497 351 Kansas 25 26 18 26 17 29 28 Kentucky 7 a2 - = = 2 = Michigan 3 4/ 69 4 3/ 62 17 69 62 Minnesota 65 V2 65 S6 65 72 96 Missouri 24 148 2S) 130 16 184 149 Nebraska s\3) 353 50 170 33 353 186 North Dakota 21 26 5 o/ 47 19 37 47 Ohio 30 I5)3) 30 124 26 159 134 South Dakota 4l 394 38 129 37 424 Heyl Wisconsin 3 Z/ 28 g L/ 82 61 28 82 Total - --- 487 5Y5)S) 452 Average BJ osesceedgaedgosctoeooeooeGesegacous 230 183 United States Total - - - 608 700 567 Average 8/-------------+--+---+-+-+---+------- 190 164 3 districts representing 21 counties. 6 districts representing 92 counties. 12 districts representing 99 counties. 3 districts representing 17 counties. / 4 districts representing 18 counties. / 5 districts representing 19 counties. / 8 districts representing 61 counties. / Weighted on basis of number of counties. Fal Koved A ia SS ee, a RS Ne bs Sra ey Sean i a oe ~1135- In the North Central States, five of lz States surveyed recorded increases over the 1954 fall population. Illinois recorded an averaye of 225 borers per 100 stalks in 1954 and 339 in 1955. Increases from 102 to 172 were reported in Indiana, from 72 to 96 in Minnesota, from 37 to 47 in North Dakota, from 28 to 82.in Wisconsin. The three States of the North Central group having the highest averages in 1954 showed considerable decreases this year: Iowa dropped from 497 to 351, Nebraska from 353 to 186, South Dakota from 424 to 131. Other States in this area showing slight to appreciable decreases were Kansas, Michigan, Missouri and Ohio. Persistent drought was generally considered the principal cause for the decreasing borer population. The European corn borer, considered by many as a serious pest only to corn, caused considerable damage to pimiento peppers in northern Alabama in 1955. Shipment of peppers had to be discontinued before the entire crop could be harvested. The corn borer caused a small amount of economic damage in Arkansas during the past season. Although no serious losses occurred, evidence of feeding and lodging was present. For the entire area of the United States surveyed for European corn borer, based on comparable counties, the average number of borers per 100 plants decreased from 190 in 1954 to 164 in 1955. A summary of the 1954 and 1955 surveys by States is given in table l. The data for both States and Counties or Districts are presented in table 2. Map 2 shows counties and districts surveyed in 1955 and the approximate infestation levels. -1136- Tatle 2 -- tucopean corn borer abundance in corr, fall of 1955, Sy OR eR EDO Average number: Everage number -of borers per : of borers per State and : 100 plants ; State and 100 plants (COM Vay te Ne nn en OBA ine 1959:_county_ _____Iyo@_ Agee Connecticut Mlinois (Cont'd) (Agr. Expt. Sta, ) Northeast-- Boone 98 334 District i De Kalb 324 O41 Fairfield 14 Du. Page 134 395 Hartford ee Dist, Lake 1038 243 Litchfield 3 La Salle 289 082 Middlesex ils Sur. Will 445 435 Average 8 4 Average 232 413 Districts West -- New London g Dist. Adams 719 107 Tolland 8 sur. Brown-Cass 131 248 Windham 6 Hancock 224 215 Average ii 65 Henderson 382 424 bi NOx 240 434 State average 8 a7 McDonough 330 323 Warren 9 429 391 Delaware Average 259 306 (Agr. Expt. Sta. ) Central-- Kent a7 279 Logan 140 291 New Castle U2 121 McLean 490 628 Sussex 142 CAS) Macon 94 359 Peoria BLS 300 State mean 60 241 Woodford 524 343 Average 353 384 Illinois (Agr. Expt. Sta.) East-- Natural History Survey Champaign 104 622 DING 5 JEPStS ISI. Iroquois o11 839 Kankakee O19 600 Northwest-- Livingston 677 887 Bureau SAD 270 Vermilion 323 840 Jo Daviess 140 609 Average 427 758 Mercer 763 382 Ogle 422 852 Whiteside 340 401 Winnebago Iga 414 Average 360 488 i/ weighted average 2/ calculated : of borers per State and county Tlinois (Cont'd) West Southwest-- Christian Greene Macoupin Madison Pike Sangamon Average East Southeast-- Clark Jasper Lawrence Moultrie Average Southwest-- Clinton 1/ Jackson Randolph St. Clair Union Average Southeast-- Franklin Jefferson Average State mean comparable counties (42) 1/ Calculated . . . : 100 plants : [954 T1950: Iowa : Average number : Of borers per State and : 100 plants peel DERE DON county TOBA I 2 Indiana (Purdue Ag. Exp. Sta.) Northern Counties 160 169 N. Cen. Counties 136 Bla} S.E.Cen. Counties 68 179 S.W. Cen. Counties 24 36 HaOmornivaCos: 23 208 W. Ohio Riv. Cos. 4 Trace State Average 102 172 47 (State Dept. of Agr. and Agr. Expt. Sta. ) 16 339 District I-- Clay Dickinson Bmmet Lyon O'Brien Osceola Palo Alto Sioux Average District II-- Cerro Gordo Floyd Hancock Kossuth Mitchell Winnebago Worth Average District Dist. Survey Surv. 417 243 District Dist Survey Surv 440 375 Se ee ee ee ee ee ee a ee me re ee es ee er ee we ee ee ee ee a re es ee ee ee —— :of borers per State and :100 plants : State and : 100 plants county 11954 1955: county 7 1954 1955 fowa(Cone arn tr wir mane Te fowa (Cont'd) Titian wy % IDOISEeM Sw INDIR District VI-- Allamakee Black Hawk Chickasaw Lea Prec Bremer Clayton S Swit rN Buchanan Fayette Evy urvey Clinton District District Howard Delaware Survey Survey Winneshiek Dubuque Average 143 T94 Jackson Jones District IV-- Linn PEN Buena Vista Average 34 485 Calhoun Cherokee Distric: - District District VII Ida Survey Survey Audubon Plymouth Carroll Pocahontas Crawford sac Greene District i Distick Woodbury oes 8 Guthrie Survey Survey Average oll 213 Harrison Monona District V-- Shelby echt Butler Average 681 169 Franklin Grundy District District District VI Hamilton Survey Survey Boone Hardin Dallas Humboldt Jasper District District Webster Marshall Survey Survey Wright Polk Average 794 210 Poweshiek Story Tama Average 890 413 me ee ee ae ee — ee ee —— :Average number :of borers per —— SS ee ee ee State and :100 plants : State and :100 plants @ounty De as OO ND county “1050 - T1955 mf Towa (Cont'd) ity lowa(Contd) AU wis 7 Gites say © District IX-- District XII-- Benton Davis Cedar Des Moines District District Iowa District District Jefferson Survey Survey Johnson Survey Survey enry Keokuk Lee Louisa Van Buren Muscatine Wapello Scott Average 244 488 Washington decent Average 579 689 State mean comparable District X-- districts (12) 497 351 Adair Adams Kansas Cass (iS, Swe, ) Fremont District District Mills Survey Survey North Central-- Montgomery Clay 4 2 Page Cloud 13 8 Pottawattamie Jewell 2 O Taylor peas Ottawa - 0 Average 463 202 Republic 1 1 Washington tS) _ 9 District XI-- Average 5) 3 Appanoose Clarke Northeast-- Decatur Atchison 51 94 Lucas District District Brown Zi 22 Madison Survey Survey Doniphan 86 168 Mahaska Jackson 36 8 Marion Jefferson 93 - Monroe Leavenworth 47 29 Ringgold Marshall 6 10 Union Nemaha 5) ial Warren Pottawatomie 34 8 Wayne nee Riley 8 2 Average 393 465 Wyandotte 42 _44 Average 40 40 ae See ee ne = re ee re ee se ee es ee es ee ee ee es ee ee we ee ae ae ae ae ae ae : Average number: :Average number : of borers per :of borers per State and : 100 plants : State and :100 plants count : 1964 1955 count 1064 1955 Kansas (Cond pn fiaryiaid (Coal ae Central-- Talbot 14 199 Dickinson a - Washington 136 141 Wicomico 94 Boe East Central-- Worcester _80 ALT Douglas 80 34 Franklin 2 - State mean Geary 1 - comparable Johnson 33 - counties (23) 4l 140 Miami ; - Morris - Michigan Shawnee 49 27 (Ext, Ser. ) Wabaunsee 19 - Average 04 30 District I-- Tonia State mean Kent Distriet comparable Ottawa Surve counties (17) 29 28 Average x 5 Maryland District II-- (Agr. Expt. Sta. ) Branch Calhoun District Allegany 36 39 Eaton Survey Anne Arundel Pak 45 St. Joseph Baltimore 17 81 Average x ae: Calvert 10 66 Caroline 78 554 District III-- Carroll 12 53 Ingham Cecil al 93 Jackson Charles 10 88 Lenawee District Dorchester 90 362 Livingston Survey Frederick 29 42 Monroe Garrett 21 39 Washtenaw Harford 20 a Average aS Blige, Howard 29 60 SOE Kent 26 68 District IV-- Mon tgomery 42, 35 Genesee tonite Prince Georges 22 74 Lapeer District Queen Annes 37 174 Saginaw Survey St. Marys 39 167 Feri som t ROOT erse Oy 97 Avevade x er State Average 69 62 :Average number : :of borers per State and :100 plants ; county TOBE 1956 : a ne i ee ee ee ee res ae ee ee ee ee State Dept. of Agr.) Northwest-= Becker 13 14 Clay 126 14 Average YO) eee West Central-- Big Stone 78 124 Chippewa 67 145 Douglas 132 85 Grant 256 6) Lac qui Parle iil 176 Otter Tail 66 47 Pope 159 o4 Stevens able; 87 Swift Wall 108 Traverse 226 105 Wilkin 180 60 Yellow Medi- 5¢ eras 78 224 Average 132 108 Central-- Benton 6 44 Carver 66 73 Kandiyohi 64 146 McLeod 46 136 Meeker 21 82 Morrison 10 16 Renville 36 191 Scott 60 28 Sherburne 2 83 Sibley 87 120 Stearns 24 WAY Todd IZ ; BD) Wadena 2 ii Wright a1 106 Average 33 84 State and coun NO Minnesota (Cont'd) East Central-- Anoka Chisago Hennepin Isanti Kanabec Mille Lacs Pine Washington Average Southwest=-= Cottonwood Jackson Lincoln Lyon Murray Noble Pipestone Redwood Rock Average South Central-- Blue Earth Brown Faribault Freeborn Le Sueur Martin Nicollet Rice Steele Waseca Watonwan Average :of borers per +1954 g aa La 22 23 40 2 19 24 24 9 AY 12 14 8 14 me 104 121 121 232 136 160 107 340 181 226 223 327 129 148 134 236 230 170 152 107 209 65 149 207 121 50 64 10 60 102 195 08 101 13 2d 9) 93 14 114 113 79 ee ee ee oe a ee et oe ee es es es ee ee ee ms ce ne es es ee ee ee es ee ee ee ee ee ee ee oe ee sAverage number: :of borers per :of borers per State and :100 plants State and : 100 plants COunLynT Uta Oa ase Counbyaem enim vl SAe aaa 1955 _ Minnesota (Cont'd) Missouri (Cont'd) Southeast-- Central-- Dakota 12 80 Boone -- 50 Dodge 8 87 Callaway 18 -= Fillmore av 52 Carroll ra) -- Goodhue 10 34 Chariton -- ad Houston 57 36 Clay 68 285 Mower 45 By Cole-Osage 52 -- Olmsted 8 1s} Cooper LO: 29 Wabasha 10 47 Howard 129 -- Winona 39) 28 Lafayette 68 at Average 24 w45 Pike 37 -- Platte 62 209 State mean Saline 182 78 comparable St. Charles — 32 -- counties (65) 72 96 Average 94 120 Missouri Southeast -- (Ext. Serv. ) Butler 36 38 (In. Surv. ) Cape Girardeau~ 20 Dunklin 24 210 Northern-- Mississippi 293 142 Andrew 34 156 New Madrid 270 453 Atchison 180 242, Perry -- 4 Clarke 143 -- Scott 500 46 Daviess 110 94 St. Genevieve -- 6 Knox 94 Stoddard -- 145 Livingston -- 68 Average 225 118 Macon -- 109 Mercer 361 201 State mean Sullivan 108 -- comparable Worth 363 226 counties (15) 177 168 * Average 174 157 * Missouri totals corrected to these figures after Table I printed. Baa esan nr ol “Average number) © la lan.) = :Average number sof borers per : :of borers per State and :100 plants : State and :100 plants Sountyoe . MbGa Obata! we Geo swsCountyn manus _ 219545 Nebraska Nebraska (Cont'd) (Agr. Expt. Sta.) (Ins. Survey) Central (Cont'd)-- Northeast-- Howard -- 150 Antelope as 160 Keith -- 25 Boone 387 160 Lincoln -- 250 Boyd -- 160 Loup -- 183 Burt 208 330 Sherman -- 300 Cedar 690 280 Valley -- 216 Cuming 514 330 Wheeler -- 100 Dakota 740 600 York 86 183 Dixon 734 380 Average 156 T81 Holt -- 130 Knox 790 350 Southeast-- Madison 350 3 O Cass 32 67 Pierce -- 160 Gage 3 ne Stanton Syl 160 Johnson 38 100 Thurston 714 280 Lancaster 70 Tay Wayne 580 220 Nemaha 49 75 Average 066 255 Otoe 28 100 Pawnee 118 100 East Central-- Richardson 313) LZ) Butler - 236 88 Seward 129 ILSss} Colfax 585 240 Average 56 “99 Dodge 642 350 Douglas 360 IAL State mean Merrick DAL 3 comparable Nance 578 170 counties (33) 353 186 Platte 5d4 130 Polk 263 67 Sarpy 249 100 Saunders 163 83 Washington 468 200 Average 420 T48 Central-- Buffalo -- AY Custer -- iaLYy/ Dawson -- B80 Garfield -- Iy/ Greeley -- LILY Hall 185 Hamilton 226 217 Tale 2 aa (Corts!) sAvera je number: :Average number :0f borers per |: sof borers per State and 100 plants : State and : 100 plants count an) > Oe COM : 1954 .9D5 New Hampshi:e pen adoNew vorim(Cont'd) “(State Dept of Agr ) Cortland 5 Z Belknap 37 Bul Erie 5) 36 Carroll 51 30 Greene 78 - Grafton 12 9 Livingston 9 iL Hillsboro 3) a2 Monroe call 4 Merrimack 49 48 Nassau 60 a Rockingham 4 23 Niagara t DY Strafford 40. o Onondaga 4 4 Sullivan - ee) Ontario 4 5 Orleans ae tf State mean Otsego é 9) comparable Saratoga 5) = counties (7) AG 24 Schenectady 4 - Steuben 24 3 New Jersey Suffolk 92 127 (State Dept. of Wayne oue 3 Agr & Ext. Ser.) State mean Burlington 45 OT comparable Camden 63 367 counties (14) a 19 Cumberland 31 UD ~ Gloucester 20 Aae2 North Dakota Hunterdon 12 92 ("Ext. Ser. & Dept. of Mercer 36 394 Agr. & Labor) Middlesex aD) A50 Monmouth 2 24S District I Salem NS 94 Grand Forks ee Dist Somerset 3 117 Traill _43 sur. Sussex 3 38 Average 28 Warren WG) al District I State mean Cass 62 Dist comparable Richland 98 sur. counties (12) 28 aa Average 80 136 New York District im (State Dept. of Ransom 63 Dist. Agr & Mkts, ) Sargent 48 sur. Average D6 ny Albany 4 - Broome Le 4 Columbia g - = eS ee — SS ne ee ee :of borers per :of borers per State and : 100 plants State and 7100 plants Cowan 2 Se Se Sea a cebislaa ee ota moapue North Dakota (Cont'd) Ghio (Conta District IV West Central Dickey 48 Auglaize 166 219 La Moure 40 Dist. Champaign 98 47 Logan oe Clark 173 32 McIntosh o- Sur. Darke 262 Pilot Emmons -- Logan 60 - Average 18 6 Mercer 240 195 Miami 193 106 District V Shelby 90 128 Barnes a2 Average 18 134 Stutsman -- Central Wells “- Dist. Delaware 82 = Foster = Fairfield - 78 Eddy 3 sur. Fayette 44 182 Griggs oe Licking - 36 Steele - Madison 61 40 Benson ie Pickaway 186 73 Average 4 5 Average 93 82 State mean Southwest comparable Butler 301 61 districts (5) 37 47 Clinton 145 - Greene 196 ILS} Ohio Highland 79 105 (Agr. Expt. Sta. Montgomery 235 Lis & Ext. Ser. ) Preble SHYT 141 Warren 238 - Northwest Ross - 10 Allen LAL) al3 Average 216 O Fulton 114 133 Hancock 164 82 State mean Henry 79 151 Comparable Lucas 106 48 counties (26) 159 134 Ottawa 29 41 Paulding 1938 126 Putnam 28 4 283 Seneca - ILI Van Wert 185 481 Williams D4 94 Wood 100_ 72 Average 129 53) -1146- HWablewre (Cont'd). 0 aN eee ee Average number: :Average number JOLWOREES OCT ll: icf borers per State and :100 plants : State and :100 plants Coulalyy SUR eI OO 8 COMA mae wee Web Pennsylvania Pennsylvania (Cont'd) (State Dept. of Agric. ) Southwest Fayette 120 36 Northwest : Greene 45 36 Crawford TL. 46 Washington 54 75 Ge 1 49 Westmoreland Sl moon Mercer sil Of Average 56 7 Average ae D4. south North Adams 15 67 Lycoming 6 3 Cumberland cl a Franklin 2 is Northeast Fulton WZ, 41 Sullivan - 4 York 14 142 Wyoming we lish, Average ig 85 Average a 10 Southeast West Berks 10 SH Armstrong - 35 Bucks T 78 Beaver - 121 Chester 10 101 Butler - 73 Dauphin - 208 Indiana 27 43 Lancaster 18 22 Lawrence RO we 74 Lebanon 8 - Average 10 76 Montgomery 8) uoile Average 10 107 Central Juniata 31 2 State mean Mifflin ” it comparable Perry 23 36 counties (28) Re) 52 Snyder 10 AT Union ong ae) Rhode Island Average 18 64 (State Dept. of Agric. ) East Lehigh 1S 21 Bristol vA 287 Luzerne 1 6 Kent Bil 150 Northampton Ls) 41 Newport 25 88 Average 8 20 Providence 48 i? Washington 36 38 State mean l/ Less than one comparable counties (5) 39 Li a ea a ae ee ee eee Average number: Average number :of borers per ;: :of borers per State and :100 plants : State and :100 plants comty HOSE TOE: comty S105 TOBE Saulia DEORE SfondsW DELOLEM (Of aLG) (Agr. Expt. Sta. xt, oen. ) South Central Aurora 136 130 North Central Brule 163 18 Brown 118 a2 Charles Mix 860 WAS) Edmunds 84 - Douglas 667 he) Faulk 226 43 Gregory ede 36 Potter 141 ~ Average 456 103 Spink 437 Me Average gala 97 Southeast Bon Homme 697 345 Northeast Clay 664 293 Clark 99 59 Hutchinson 385 295 Codington 110 UY Lincoln 758 186 Day 68 84 Turner 874 AALIL Deuel 140 99 Union 941 202 Grant 138 280 Yankton iL, 6 158 Hamlin 315 140 Average 849 241 Marshall ala 38 Roberts 128 80 State mean Average iS 108 comparable counties (37) 424 ILS) Central Buffalo 184 14 Vermont Hana Bill 84 (State Dept. Agr. ) Hughes 126 Hyde 164 24 Addison ~ Le Jerauld 42, ilesh Bennington - 9 Sully 81 _= Caledonia = 1 Average 219 33 Chittenden 2 4 Essex iL Bast Central Franklin ~ 2 Beadle 550 34 Grand Isle ) 4 Brookings 8374 13} Lamoille ~ 3 Davison 495 109 Orange 3 0 Hanson 542 107 Orleans QO Kingsbury 352 103 Rutland = 2 Lake 3324 LAUT Washington 3 a McCook 490 134 Windham ~ 2 Miner A694 30 Windsor silt 9) Minnehaha 800 Wy Moody 238 Ge State mean Sanborn Ld) AO comparable Average 435 117 counties (5) 5 3 “eg er wm ee es a te er ee sof borers per : 100 plants : : 1954 1955: —_—_——_— ee a ee ee ee eS eee North Augusta Clarke Culpeper Fairfax Fauquier Frederick Loudoun Rockbridge Rockingham Shenandoah Average Southwest Buchanan Dickenson Lee Patrick Scott Smyth Tazewell Washington Wise Wythe Average Southeast Prince George State Average 129 1/ Weighted average eee ee + ee ee ee ee ee ae ee Se :of borers per :100 plants : 1954 1955 ee ee me ee eee State and county AGC: Mason Nicholas Ohio, Brooke, Marshall State mean comparable counties (3) ES Wisconsin WNKState Dept. of Agr.) Northwest Barron Burnett Chippewa Dunn Rau Claire Pierce Polk Sta Croinc Washburn Average Dist. Sur. iow North Central Clark Langlade Lincoln Marathon Rusk Sawyer Taylor Average Table 2 --=(Cont'd). a en ee ee ee ee ee ee ee ee ee ee — ee ee :of borers per State and 7100 plants :; State and :100 plants eae een oO SOR cOUnty | ela alone 1959 02 Wisconsin (Cont'd) Wisconsin (Conta) Northeast Southwest Brown Crawford Calumet Grant Dist. Dist Door Dist Dist Iowa Sur. Sur Kewaunee sur sur. Lafayette Manitowoc Richland Marinette Sauk Eno Oconto Average 3 162 Shawano Average 49 36 South Central Columbia West Central Dane Buffalo Dodge Dist. Dist Jackson Green SHOE, Sur. La Crosse Dist Dist Jefferson Monroe Sur, Sur, Rock Pepin Walworth Trempealeau Average 24 US Vernon Average 15 108 Southeast Kenosha Central Ozaukee Dist. Dist. Adams Racine Sur. sur. Fond du Lac Shebovgan Green Lake Washington Juneau Dist. Dusit: Waukesha Marquette Sur. sur. Average 4] 64 Outagamie Portage State mean Waupaca comparable Waushara districts (3) 28 82 Winnebago Wood Average a3 13 AGRICULTURAL RESEARCH SERVICE PLANT PEST CONTROL BRANCH ECONOMIC INSECT SURVEY SECTION The Cooperative Economic Insect Report is Issued weekly as a service to American Agri- culture. Its contentsare compiled from informa- tion supplied by cooperating State, Federal, and industrial entomologists and other agricultural _workers. In releasing this material the Branch serves as a clearing house and does not assume responsibility for accuracy of the material. Reports and inquiries pertaining to this release should be mailed to: Economic Insect Survey Section Plant Pest Control Branch Agricultural Research Service United States Department of Agriculture Washington 25, D. C. COOPERATIVE ECONOMIC VOLUME 5—I955 INSECT REPORT INDEX Aphids - egg survey on potato infesting aphids, northeastern Maine - 24, 400. Sea or - outbreaks in U.S., 1954 - Beet leafhopper - conditions in southern Great Plains and adjacent areas- 340; conditions in southern Idaho and eastern Oregon, 1954757; conditions in Utah, western Colorado, southern Nevada, southeastern California and central Arizona, 1955 - 165; conditions in southern Idaho for 1955-488 Boll weevil - survival counts: spring 1955, South Carolina and Mississippi - 225; North Carolina - 273; Virginia - 324; Georgia - 343; Texas (Waco) - 343: Tennessee (McNairy Co. ) - 41.4, Hibernation survey - fall 1955: South Carolina - 1066; Louisiana - 1066; Virginia - 1095; Georgia - 1130 - fall 1954: North Carolina - 46; Georgia - 63; Arkansas - 187 Chinch bug - outlook for 1955 (map) - Citrus blackfly - map on control 1955 - after 300; found at Brownsville, Texas - 514 Cooperative survey entomologists - 998 Cotton fleahopper - hibernation and survival studies at Waco, Texas - 343 Cotton stem moth - request for survey - 396; note on cotton stem moth in France - 578 European chafer - detection survey, 1954 - 111; map - after 502 European corn borer - status in 1954 - 67; estimates of damage in U.S. in 1954 - 248; status in 1955 - 1133 European red mite, a technique for rapid determination of populations on foliage - 241 Forest insects - survey procedures in Maine - 50; more important forest insects in 1954 - 201; problems in New York - 1954 - 55 : 274 Forest tent caterpillar - infestation in Minnesota - after 110; in Wisconsin - after 156 Fruit insect conditions, 1955 - New aS and New England States - Achemon sphinx (Pholus achemon) 679, 907 eae re i Alfalfa caterpillar (Colias philodice eurytheme) 53, 116, 145, 179, 186, sae ae T, 357, 401, 538, 595, 740,, 765, 792, 816, 838, 861, 875, 883, 905, 924; 940, 957, 966, 986, 1048 1070, 1106, 1116, 1123 Alfalfa loopers oan Wi Alfalfa plant bug (A _ ocoris lineolatus 33, 198, 308, , , 104 SPECIAL REPORTS Golden nematode control 1955 - (map) - after 877; survey North Central States - 1114 Grasshopper outlook for 1955 - 158 Greenbug and other grain aphid survey in central and southern Great Plains in late 1954 - 89 Gypsy moth- summary of conditions in 954 - 17 Hall scale; status in the U.S. (map) - 382 Important insect pests in U.S. tor 1954 (chart) - 279; Pennsylvania - 311 Khapra beetle (leatet) - ater 127; control, 1955, (map) - after 831; situation, December - 1131 Ladino eee seed midge survey metnods 4 Maps, abundance, European corn borer, 1955 - after 1149; for 1954 - after 85; grasshopper infestation outlook for 1955 - 158; chinch bug, fall 1954 - after 164; Mormon cricket outlook for 1955 - 222; spittlebug survey, Dlinois - 923; foresttentcaterpillar, Minnesota- 110, Wisconsin - 156 Maps, distribution, gypsy moth, 1954 - 18; European corn borer, 1955 - after.1149, for 1954 - after 85; armyworm, 1953-54 - after 100; pink bollworm regulated areas, January, 1955 - after 134; south- western corn borer - after 182; sweetpotato weevil - after 272; citrus blackfly - after 300; beet leafhopper - after 340; Hall scale- after 382; old house borer - 446; European chafer - after 502; white-fringed beetle - after 614; Mexican fruit fly - after 754; wheat stem sawfly - after 808; khapra beetle - after 831; golden nematode - after 877; spotted alfalfa aphid - after 1094 Meadow spittlepuy survey in Ohio = 973 Mediterranean fruit fly reported from Costa Rica - 514 ‘Mexican fruit fly suppression project in California - 514; control (map)- after 754 Mormon cricket outlook for 1955 - 158; map - 222 Pink bollworm regulated areas, January 1, 1955; (map) - after 134 COMMON NAMES Alfalta webworm \Loxostege commixtalis) 33, 516, 622, 676, 816, 862, 905, 924, 1056 Alfalfa weevil (Hypera postica) 3,33, 119, 137, 163, ITT B51, 260, 268, 290, 308, 316, 325, 347, 354, 380, 395, 404, 430, 458, 484, 510, 537, 567, 594, 646, 664, 676, 706, 738, 764, 816, 862, 885, 940, 1019, 1056, 1058, 1070, 1103, 1106, 1120 Alkali bees’98 Potato JeathouLer survey, spring 1955 - 406 Potato psvllid situation, spring - 322 Southwestern corn borer status, 1954 - 182 Soybean cyst nematode, a new cyst- forming nematode in North Carolina - 36 Spite survey, Dlinois - 923; Ohio - 73 Spotted alfalfa aphid spread in United States (map) - after 1094, (also see yellow clover aphid - 37) Stalk borer surveys in Texas in 1955 - State clearing offices for economic insect survey reports - 727 Summary of insect conditions, 1954 - Arizona - 145; Arkansas - 52; Florida - 303; Illinois - 175; Iowa - 113; Kansas - 281; Louisiana - 7; Massachusetts - 94; Minnesota - 192; Missouri - 230; Montana - 259; Nebraska - 30; North Carolina - 7; Oregon - 119; Pennsylvania - 308; Rhode Island - 15; Tennessee - 12; Virginia - 136; Washington - ‘95; West Virginia - 171 Summary of insect conditions, 1955 - Indiana - 1040; Maryland - 1120; Mississippi - 1085; Montana - 1058; Nevada - 1105; New Mexico- 1116; New York and New England- (fruit) - 1098; Rhode Island - 1012; South Dakota - 1102; Tennessee - 1088; Utah - 1070; Wyoming - 1056 Survey methods, livestock pests - 125; western bean cutworm - 159; rice water weevil - 160; Euro- pean red mite - 241; Ladinoclover seed midge - 447; predators on coren - 1077; Japanese beetle - Srectrotate weevil control (map) 1955 - Trogoderma, illustrated key to species - after 329 Wheat stem sawfly infestation in U.S. in 1954, map-after 808; loss estimates, North Dakota, 1955 - 1093 ed beetle control (map) 1955 - Yellow clover aphid on alfalfa, 1954 - 37 (see also spotted alfalfa aphid) Ambrosia beetles 140, 965 American dog tick (Dermacentor vari- abilis)16, 391, 442, 498, 852, TO14, 1048, 1104 American grasshopper (Schistocerca americana) 304 e Angoumois grain moth (Sitotroga , cerealella) 8, 29, 56, 110, 142, 174, 237, 526, 852, 873, 981, 995, 1096, 1125 Ants 227, ee 365, 1054, 1105, 1108, 112 Aphids 15, 16, 23, 34, 43, 52, 62, 94, 107, 117, 131, 137, 148, 168, 186, 223, 224, 238, 252, 271, 272, 289, 293, 295, 301, 307, 310, 315, 329, 338, 356, 358, 361, 364, 366, 371, 380, 383, 387, 389, 390, 403, 407, 41l, 415, 437, 439, 442, 460, 461, 466, 468, 482, 491, 495, 496, 513, 524, 538, 549, 552, 570, 575, 577, 582, 592, 597, 598, 605, 608, 613, 620, 623, 625, 632, 646, 652, 660, 673, 682, 686, 688, 706, 713, 736, 744, 749, 772, 777, 796, 806, 819, 824, 842, 847, 861, 868, 870, 889, 890, 904, 929, 961, 963, 976, 987, 1007, 1018, 1033, 1034, 1047, 1051, 1071, 1073, 1082, 1093, 1104, 1111, 1112, 1118 Apple and thorn skeletonizer (Antho- phila pariana) 95, 988 Apple aphid (Aphis pomi) 16, 95, LZ 2hie COMMS LO PG 29, oa 596, 677, 694, 725, 906, 1012, 1098, 1102 Apple grain aphid (Rhopalosiphum fitchii) 120, 247, 267, 269, 396, 482, 1026, 1032 Apple maggot (Rhagoletis pomonella) T6RSL72)5 19 5 ems 09m Vimo OOS mn 649, 677, 708, 741, 768, 817, 886, 895, 926, 959, 1012, 1098, 1101, 1104 Apple mealybug (Phenacoccus aceris) 51 Dipl 0 Leeetont eean ema AGM ‘Apple red bug (Lygidea mendax) 16 Apple rust mite (Vasates schlech- tendali) 121 Apple seed chalcid (Torymus drupa- rum) 7, 1099 Arborvitae leaf miner (Argyresthia thuiella) 174 Argentine ant (Iridomyrmex humilis) 441 Argus tortoise beetle (Chelymorpha cassidea) 653 Army cutworm (Chorizagrotis auxili- ards) ol) loonmecopmeoOlmcpols 259, 265, 283, 290, 301, 328, 334, 348, 352, 378, 400, 426, 453, 475, 507, 535, 972, 1047, 1056, 1058, 1070, 1102 Armyworm (Pseudaletia unipuncta) LOR 2276 ache mole Oo lu 4 eeloit el 3 Onedlospealals. 175, 196, 259, 265, 284, 290, 308, 316, 334, 351, 371, 375, 426, 452, 481, 506, 534, 565, 591), 673, 703), 737, 765, 813, 837, 861, 1012, 1040, 1056, 1085, 1121 Armyworms 14, 144, 151, 222, 234, 235273 Solas 318s U395), 399, 419, 421, 425, 443, 452, 474, 529, 530, 554, 557, 582, 613, 614, 619, 646, 1088 Artichoke plume moth (Platyptilia carduidactyla) 155, 436, 990 Ash plant bug (Neoborus amoenus) ai Aly MEE, Asiatic garden beetle (Autoserica castanea) 11, 17, 681, 721, 746, 778, 805, 828, 850, 1013 Asiatic oak weevil (Cyrtepistomus castaneus) 633, 777, 1122, 1123, 1125 Asparagus beetle (Crioceris asparagi) 198, 362, 414, 464, 491, 653, 1073, 1124 Asparagus beetles 94, 96, 387, 628, 683 Asparagus miner (Melanagromyza sim- plex) 132 PEIN Azalea bark scale (Eriococcus aza— leae) 914 car Azalea caterpillar (Datana major) 947 Azalea lace bug (Stephanitis pyri- gides) 11, 366, 522, 872, 993 Bares Azalea leaf miner (Gracilaria azale— ella) 275, 522 Bagworms 14, 34, 142, 173, 285, 522, 551, 579, 608, 659, 678, 689, 719, 749, 778, 826, 849, 850, 871, 876, 892, 914, 929, 962, 1036, 1042, 1087, 1089, 1118, 1122 Balsam-fir sawfly (Neodiprion abietis) 633, 718, 947 Balsam twig aphid (Mindarus abietinus) 174 Balsam woolly aphid (Chermes piceae) 205, 216, 274 Banded cucumber beetle (Diabrotica balteata) 28, 133, 305, 773, 793, B16, 843, 909, 944 Bark beetles 14, 46, 56, 64, 123, 168, 217, 254, 297, 307, 345, 347, 417, 520, 607 Bean aphid (Aphis fabae) 96, 681, 711, 770, 821, 842, 1124 Bean leaf beetle (Cerotoma trifur- cata) 11, 46, 53, 62, 139, L727) 187,233), 0269), Sil, s08), 361, 371, 381, 404, 410, 431, 434, 461, 485, 511, 518, 573, 598, 627, 649, 676, 681, 706, 711, 740, 767, 770, 794, 816, 853), 867, 875, 885, 905, 908, 927, 944, 960, 1041, 1088, 1126 Bean leaf roller (Urbanus proteus) 385, 842, 875, 944, 960, 977, 989, 1053, 1066 Bean leaf skeletonizer (Autoplusia egena) 867 Bean thrips (Hercothrips fasciatus) 866 Bean weevil (Acanthoscelides obtec-— tus) 174 Bed bugs 16, 325, 367, 893, 1014, 1108, 1119 Beech scale (Cryptococcus fagi) 216, 274 Beet armyworm (Laphygma exigua) 6, 62, 145, 149, 401, 739, 765, 944, 957, 977, 988, 1051, 1117 Beet leafhopper (Circulifer tenellus) 24, 33, 45, 57, 108, 147, 161, 165, 180, 321, 340, 348, 362, 386, 435, 461, 489, 517, 574, 599, 627, 712, 743, 844, 868, 888, 910, 927, 944, 960, 1051, 1072, 1081 Beet webworm (Loxostege sticticalis) 261, 461, 543, 599, 627, 743, 773, 961, 1057, 1059 Bertha armyworm (Mamestra configu- rata) 409, 464 Big-eyed bugs 751, 1077, 1119 Billbugs 8, 116, 137, 176, 309, 353, 428, 483, 536, 554, 613, 671, 813 Birch leaf miner (Fenusa pusilla) 15, 274, 468, 497, 521, 550, 607, 633, 719, 1013 Birch skeletonizer (Bucculatrix canadensisella) 194, 213, 633, 850, 871 Black blow fly (Phormia regina) 472 Black carpenter ant (Camponotus her- culeaneus pennsylvanicus) 174, 499, 529 Black carpet beetle (Attagenus piceus) 1027, 1067 Black cherry aphid (Myzus cerasi) 121, 261, 269, 321, 329, 542, 571, 650, 1071, 1099 Black cherry fruit fly (Rhagoletis fausta) 261, 54 Black cutworm (Agrotis ypsilon) 7, 31, 43, 120, 176, 230, 960, 1086, 1121 Black flies 14, 274, 366, 442, 472, 1014, 1023, 1104, 1125 Black-headed budworm (Acleris vari- ana) 217 Black-headed fireworm (Rhopobota naevana) 96, 410, 710,841 Black Hills beetle (Dendroctonus ponderosae) 209, 107 Black-legged tick (Ixodes ricinus scapularis) 16, 1037 Black-margined aphid (Monellia costalis) 146, 571, 997 Black peach aphid (Anuraphis persicae-niger) 17 Black pecan aphid (Melanocallis caryaefoliae) 305, 542, 960, 976 Black pine leaf scale (Aspidiotus californicus) 194 Black scale (Saissetia oleae) 45, 679, 864, 907, 1019, 1050, 1051, 1111 Black scale parasites 994 Black turpentine beetle (Dendroc-— tonus terebrans) 5, 56, 5 660, 689, 719, 749, 777, 850, 891, 912, 929, 978, 1036, 1112 Black vine weevil (Brachyrhinus sulcatus) 310, 441, 5: Black widow spider (Latrodectus mactans) 226, 893, 5 4 964, 994, 1008, 1022, 1037, 1108, 1125 Blister beetles 13, 345, 458, 485, 529, 568, 595, 648, 652, 660, 676, 680, 706, 714, 740, 744, 764, 770, 794, 816, 821, 838, 844, 862, 866, 884, 909, 975, 1057, 1085, 1086, 1088, 1103, 1116 Bloodsucking bugs 1119 Bloodsucking conenose (Triatoma sanguisuga) 552, 658, 691, 751, 827 Blow flies 118, 1074 Bluegrass webworm (Crambus teter- rellus) 234, 305 Boll weevil (Anthonomus grandis) 9, 13) 29 s55emesnmolew Ws SemeLs 225, 236, 254, 273, 307, 343, 364, 388, 414, 438, 465, 494, 523, 546, 575, 603, 630, 655, 685, 715, 746, 774, 799, 806, 823, 846, 869, 890, 911, 928, 946, 1035, 1054, 1066, 1086, 1089, 1095 Bollworms 9, 13, 29, 55, 148, 236, 296, 324, 364, 388, 415, 438, 466, 494, 523, 547, 557, 576, 603, 631, 684, 716, 747, 775, 799, 806, 846, 869, 875, 890, 895, 911, 946, 1086, 1089, 1107, 1119 Boxelder aphid (Periphyllus negun- dinis) 579 Boxelder bug (Leptocoris trivittatus) 6, 15, 26, 48, 92, 118, 169, — 173', 181, 190, 255, 285, 321, 370, 612, 828, 852, 894, 915, 933, 943, 949, 965, 966, 981, 995, 1010, 1038, 1042, 1057, 1090, 1097, 1105, 1125 Boxelder leaf miners 275 Boxelder leaf roller (Gracilaria negundella) 1074 Boxwood leaf miner (Monarthropalpus buxi) 141, 325, 1008, 1122 Boxwood psyllid (Psylla buxi) 551, 1122 Bristly cutworm (Lacinipolia renigera) 269, 319 Bronze birch borer (Agrilus anxius) 194, 752, 892, 930, 947, 966, 1042, 1104 Bronzed cutworm (Nephelodes emme- donia) 234 Brown-banded roach (Supella supel- lectilium) 26, 57, 98, 190, 851, 893, 948, 1010, 1084, 1125 Brown cotton leafworm (Acontia da— cia) 29, 364, 389, 415, 440, _ 466, 495, 524, 657, 717, 847, 891, 928, 1010 Brown dog tick (Rhipicephalus san— guineus) 149, 298. 803, 932, 1008 1014, 1022, 1067 Brown-headed ash sawfly (Tomoste- thus multicinctus) 633 Brown wheat mite (Petrobia latens) 31, 61, 97, 163, 166, 185, 221 247, 265, 266, 284, 289, 316, 328, 333, 353, 402, 428, 455, 537, 566, 613, 619, 653, 673, 922, 940, 956, 986, 1003, 1026, 1032, 1070, 1093 Bud moths 347, 650, 1098 Buffalo treehopper (Stictocephala bubalus) 770, 1117 Bulb mite (Rhizoglyphus echinopus) 275, 325, 635 c Cabbage aphid (Brevicoryne brassi- cae) 11, 96, 109, 133, 147, 166, 187, 224, 253° 271) 305, 322, 341, 363, 395, 435, 462, 489, 516, 543, 574, 771, 821, 910, 945, 966, 1020, 1035, 1129 Cabbage caterpillars 94, 271, 341, 362, 363, 385, 582, 665, 687, 749, 771, 776, 805, 825, 875, 966, 997 Cabbage curculio (Ceutorhynchus rapae) 341, 628 Cabbage looper (Trichoplusia ni) ll, 14, 62, 109, 146, 149, 199, 305, 306, 362, 363, 386, 413, 462, 489, 549, 574, 577, 601, 628, 632, 653, 711, 717, 743, 771, 798, 800, 821, 825, 843, 848, 865, 870, 888, 891, 910, 927, 945, 961, 977, 990, 1051, 1095, 1117, 1118, 1124 Cabbage maggot (Hylemya brassicae) 11, 94, 261, 410, 462, 489, 516, 543, 544, 574, 653, 665 Cabbage seedpod weevil (Ceutorhyn- chus assimilis) 410, 516, 543 Cabbage webworm (Hellula rogatalis) 11, 909, 945, 1006 Cadelle (Tenebroides mauritanicus) 56, 237, 916, 981, 1067, 1096, 1125 California oakworm (Phryganidia californica) 390, 520, 689, 913, 992, 1052 California prionus (Prionus cali- fornicus) 512, 959, 1071, 1118 ‘California red scale (Aonidiella aurantii) 90, 154, 434, 679, 864, 908, 1019, 1033, 1050, 1111 ‘Camellia scale (Lepidosaphes camel- liae) 25, 110, 141, 297, 914, 963, 1036 Cankerworms 365, 421, 468, 496, 502, 578, 719, 1059, 1104 Carabids 1009, 1119 Carpenter ants (Camponotus spp.) 122 Carpenter bees 579, 722 Carpet beetles 118, 311, 965, 1038, 1084, 1105, 1107 Carrot beetle (Ligyrus gibbosus) 544, 569, 705 Carrot rust fly (Psila rosae) 120, 602, 910 Carrot weevil (Listronotus orego- nensis) 387, 464 Casemaking clothes moth (Tinea pel- lionella) 110, 255 Catalpa sphinx (Ceratomia catalpae) 779, 850 Cat-facing insects 252, 269, 359, 409, 434, 487, 571, 624, 840, 1071, 1123 Cattle gruks (Hypoderma spp.) 5, 14, 35, 64, 98, 117, 125, 142, 161, 168, 188, 262, 276, 285, 297, 325, 348, 442, 472, 525, 552, 472, 580, 1053, 1057, 1067, 1074, 1096, 1104, 1108, 1113, 1114, 1130, 1135 Cattle lice 5, 26, 35, 47, 92, 110, 117, 125, 142, 155, 168, 223, 262, 276, 285, 297, 366, 420, 979, 994, 1008, 1023, 1037, 1053, 1057, 1074, 1096, 1115, 1119, 1130 Celery leaf tier (Udea rubigalis) 109 Celery looper (Anagrapha falcifera) 516, 599 Cerambycids 167, 1008, 1036, 1066 Cherry casebearer (Coleophora pru- niella) 121 Can Cherry fruitfly (Rhagoletis cingu- lata) 121, 309, 513, 541, 582, 1059 Cherry fruit sawfly (Hoplocampa cookei) 90 Cherry fruitworm (Grapholitha pac- kardi) 541, 795, 1071, 1100, 1101 Chestnut weevils 841, 1034 Chicken mite (Dermanyssus gallinae) 16, 142, 155, 325, 721, 994 Chiggers 35, 691, 721, 915, 931 Chinch bug (Blissus leucopterus) 52, 116, 161, 163, map after 164, 175, 222, 231, 250, 283, 289, 315, 353, 401, 453, 482, 507, 565, 592, 619, 644, 703, 735, 790, 882, 903, 956, 972, 1040, 1047, 1094, 1129 Chinch bugs 8, 303, 358, 379, 421 427, 534, 569, 582, 671, 695, 737, 1063, 1085 Cicada killer (Sphecius speciosus) 694, 722, 752, 1042 Cigarette beetle (Lasioderma serri- corne) 142, 189, 1023 Citricola scale (Coccus pseudomag-— nolarium) 293, 818, 1050 Citrus blackfly (Aleurocanthus wog- lumi) 300, 321, 514, 597, 856, 959, 1115 Citrus bud mite (Aceria sheldoni) 154, 1111 Citrus mealybug (Planococcus citri) 864, 1050 Citrus red mite (Metatetranychus citri) 44, 108, 278, 293, 339, 360, 434, 513, 597, 651, 679, 743, 818, 864, 907, 989, 1034, 1050, 1111 Citrus rust mite (Phyllocoptruta oleivora) 514, 597, 651, 679, 743, 943, 989, 1033, 1050, 1111 Citrus thrips (Scirtothrips citri) 146, 321, 339 Citrus whitefly (Dialeurodes citri) 11}, (270,. 931 Clay-backed cutworm (Agrotis gla- diaria) 230, 234, 269, 292, 319, 323, 336, 436, 1085 Clear Lake gnat (Chaoborus astic-— topus) 47 Climbing cutworms 237, 434 Cloches moths 26, 949 Clover aphid (Anuraphis bakeri) 97, 119, 233, 485, 739, 792, 814, 904 Clover head caterpillar (Grapho- litha interstinctana) 458 Clover head weevil (Tychius step- hensi) 179 Clover leafhopper (Aceratagallia sanguinolenta) 154, 337, 347 Clover leaf weevil (Hypera punctata) 23, 53, 97, 116, 120, 178, 186, 223, 232, 250, 268, 291, 316, 335, 347, 354, 371, 380, 404, 568, 1041 Clover mite (Bryobia praetiosa) 17, 26, 34, 90, 142, 146, 147, 154, 166, 174, 181, 190, 227, 262, 267, 285, 291, 311, 329, 337, 338, 348, 370, 394, 420, 431, 443, 488, 511, 863, 887, 906, 942, 1010, 1057, 1060, 1071, 1085, 1104, 1119 Clover mites 15, 255, 408, 1010, 1023, 1090, 1098, 1108 Clover root borer (Hylastinus ob- scurus) 136, 179, 309, 355, 485, 595, 941 Clover root curculio (Sitona hispi- dula) 97, 116, 136, 179, 233, 251, 268, 317, 336, 354, 381, 404, 458, 484, 537, 568, 595, 622, 988, 1019, 1041, 1081, 1126 Clover seed chalcid (Bruchophagus gibbus) 24, 145, 838, 862, 905, 940, 975, 1056, 1059, 1071, 1103 Clover seed midge (Dasyneura legu- minicola) 198 Clover stem borer (Languria mozardi) 401 Clover weevils 354, 380, 404, 622 Cluster fly (Pollenia rudis) 278, 949101022 sin aoemn LS mat Cocklebur weevil (Rhodobaenus tre- decimpunctatus) 826 eit Cockroaches 367, 965, 1069, 1125 Coconut scale (Aspidiotus destruc-— tor) 963, 1008, 1114 Codling moth (Carpocapsa pomonella) 10, 16, 45, 54, 116, 121, 138, 144, 172, 195, 236, 251, 285, 293, 309, 311, 319, 329, 338, 359, 371, 382, 395, 407, 431, 459, 475, 486, 512, 540, 569, 582, 596, 624, 650, 677, 709, 725, 740, 768, 794, 817, 840, 853, 863, 886, 906, 925, 959, 975, 1005, 1012, 1049, 1071, 1099, 1104, 1117, 1123 Collembola 132, 301, 492 Colorado potato beetle (Leptinotarsa decemlineata) 10, 17, 34, 180, 199, 261, 272, 294, 298, 341, 347, 361, 386, 395, 396, 411, 436, 462, 490, 515, 542, 571, 600, 626, 651, 682, 712, 744, 772, 796, 845, 865, 1041, 1073, 1124 Columbian timber beetle (Corthylus columbianus) 134 Common cattle grub (Hypoderma line- atum) 47, 57, 110, 226, 391, 914, 948, 979, 993, 1119 Comstock mealybug (Pseudococcus comstocki) 930 Conchuela (Chlorochroa ligata) 222, 252, 489, 653 Conenose bugs (Triatoma spp.) 525, 721 confused flour beetle (Tribolium confusum) 29, 56, 64, 1027, 1067, 1083, 1131 Cooley spruce gall aphid (Chermes cooleyi) 195, 262, 417, 497, 551, 607, 777, 803, 1059, 1074 Corn billbugs (Calendra spp.) 282, 353, 371, 536 Corn blotch leaf miner (Agromyza parvicornis) 8, 509 Corn earworm (Heliothis armigera) 7 elLO SL Lh Oldie catia, 32, 34, 53, 54, 94, 109, 114, 116, 120, 144, 147, 173, 176, 180, 199, 231, 233, 234, 260, 273, 282, 304, 315, 329, 334, 357, 371, 378, 400, 419, 426, 480, 507, 534, 564, 590, 618, 645, 664, 671, 704, 725, 734, 752, 762, 784, 785, 790, 805, 806, 813, 830, 836, 853. 860, (Continued next page) Corn earworm (Continued) 80/, 875, 881, 887, 901, 908, 921, 927, 939, 960, 966, 977, 986, 989, 1003, 1010, 1012, 1018, 1020, 1031, 1041, 1047, 1056, 1085, 1089, 1111, 1106, 1111, 1120 Corn flea beetle (Chaetocnema puli- caria) 8, 173, 176, 231, 310, 315, 353, 379, 428, 482, 508, 535), O91, 730. LL Corn flea beetles 222, 529 Corn leaf aphid (Rhopalosiphum maidis) 8, 33, 43, 52, 89, 146, 185, 198, 234, 247, 265, 267, 283, 289, 403, 428, 529, 538, 566, 613, 621, 645, 672, 695, 704, 735, 763, 791, 813, 837, 861, 882, 903, 940, 966, 972, 1004, 1026, 1031, 1047, 1056, 1058, 1063, 1071, 1073, 1094, 1103, 1116 Corn root aphid (Anuraphis maidis) 8, 32, 566, 582, 592, 613, 638, 695 Corn root webworm (Crambus caligi- nosellus) 230, 379 Corn rootworms 32, 114, 176, 645, 704, 735, 764, 791, 812, 882, 903, 972 Corn sap beetles 8, 17, 32, 173, 231, 646, 671, 736, 764, 791, 813, 853, 860, 901 Corn silk beetle (Luperodes brun- neus) 686, 1085, 1086 Cotton aphid (Aphis gossypii) 9, 29, 55, 307, 344, 416 Cotton aphids 324, 876 Cotton fleahoppers 55, 236, 343, 364, 389, 415, 439, 467, 548, 876, 1118 ; Cotton leaf perforator (Bucculatrix thurberiella) 133, 148, 657, 687, 801, 848, 911, 946 Cotton leafworm (Alabama argillacea) 236, 549, 577, 717, 800, 819, 824, 847, 870, 911, 929, 946, 978, 991, 1086, 1118 Cotton square borer (Strymon melinus) 717, 821, 842 Cotton stem moth (Platyedra vilella) 171, 181, 396, 578 Cottonwood borer (Plectrodera sca- lator) 689 Cottonwood leaf beetle (Chrysomela scripta) 297, 579, 661, 719, 912, 1087 Cottony-cushion scale (Icerya pur- chasi) 488, 720, 818, 864, 872, 875, 907, 959, 1036, 1050, 1111 Cottony maple scale (Pulvinaria innumerabilis) 195, 803, 933, 947 Cowpea aphid (Aphis medicaginis) 23, 28, 61, 90, 107, 185, 429, 770 Cowpea curculio (Chalcodermus aen— eus) 435, 712, 794, 940, 990, 1019 Cowpea weevil (Callosbruchus macu- latus) 156 Cranberry fruitworm (Mineola vac-— cinii) 96, 710, 1100 eae Cranberry girdler (Crambus topiarius) 153 Cranberry weevil (Anthonomus muscu- lus) 1100 Crane flies 290, 295, 318, 387 Crapemyrtle aphid (Myzocallis ka- hawaluokalani) 1082 ate Crickets 285, 612 Cross-striped cabbageworm (Ever- gestis rimosalis) 1082 Cuban roach (Panchlora cubensis) 948 Cucumber beetles 16, 28, 363, 386, 544, 868, 976, 1048 Currant aphid (Capitophorus ribis) 1072 Currant fruitfly (Epochra canaden- sis) 261, 360, 371, 421, 1072 Cutworms 7, 12, 14, 31, 53, 114, 132, 147, 149, 153, 163, 223, 224, 253, 267, 272, 292, 295, 296, 311, 319, 336, 342, 352, 363, 371, 377, 384, 389, 400, 408, 412, 415, 421, 427, 436, 440, 454, 463, 480, 492, 493, 495, 507, 515, 538, 543, 554, 566, 569, 572, 577, 591, 602, 628, 638, 645, 651, 671, 681, 708, 739, 803, 926, 955, 977, 988, 1020, 1026, 1040, 1051, 1073, 1088, 1101, 1121, 1124, Cyclamen mite (Tarsonemus pallidus) 96, 98, 121, 196, 437, 492, 683, 773, 868, 1100 D Damsel bugs 804, 873, 949, 1119 Dark mealworm (Tenebrio obscurus) 1010 Darkling beetles 109, 147, 148, 296, 385, 390, 1118 Deer flies 117, 122, 125, 779, 1074 Deodar weevil (Pissodes nemorensis) 549 Dermestids 142, 189, 284, 612, 692, 723, 1060 Desert corn flea beetle (Chaetoc-— nema ectypa) 333 Diamondback moth (Plutella maculi- pennis) 149, 199, 395, 435, 462, 543, 628, 865 Dingy cutworm (Feltia subgothica) 233 Dog flea (Ctenocephalides canis) 609 Dog sucking louse (Linognathus setosus) 255 Dogwood twig borer (Obereatripunc-— tata) 11 Douglas-fir beetle (Dendroctonus pseudotsugae) 123, 202, 204, 207, 210, 802, 962, 1073 Dried fruit beetle (Carpophilus hemipterus) 146 Drug-store beetle (Stegobium paniceum) 118 Dusky birch sawfly (Croesus lati- tarsus) 297, 718 Dusky stink bug (Euschistus tris- tigmus) 384 E Ear tick (Otobius megnini) 126, 325, 691, 751, 803, 932, 979, 1074, 1108 Earwigs 147, 995 Eastern larch beetle (Dendroctonus simplex) 195, 217 Eastern lubber grasshopper (Romalea microptera) 307, 488 Eastern raspberry fruitworm (Bytu- rus rubi) 465 Eastern spruce gall aphid (Chermes abietis) 310, 365, 912, 929 Eastern tent caterpillar (Malaco- soma americanum) 14, 16, 134, 173, 194, 252, 270, 321, 329, 339, 345, 365, 390, 395, 440, 459, 468, 487, 496, 513, 550, 1012, 1013, 1089, 1122 Eggplant flea beetle (Epitrix fus- cula) 875 Eggplant lace bug (Gargaphia solani) 515, 651, 875 Egyptian alfalfa weevil (Hypera brunneipennis) 107, 145, 186, 251, 290, 723 Elm borer (Saperda tridentata) 34, 523 Elm calligrapha (Calligrapha sca- laris) 689 Elm leaf aphid (Myzocallis ulmi- folii) 749, 1059 Elm leaf beetle (Galerucella xan- thomelaena) 11, 14, 8, 122, 141, 149, 173, 238, 239, 311, — - 324, 327, 345, 365, 469, 497, 520, 551, 578, 607, 633, 661, 689, 718, 749, 752, 779, 784, 802, 825, 850, 871, 912, 992, 1013, 1042, 1087, 1089, 1107, 1122, 1125 Elm leaf miner (Fenusa ulmi) 194, 718 Elm sawfly (Cimbex americana) 661, 802 Elm scurfy scale (Chionaspis ame- ricana) 1052 ane! Englemann spruce beetle (Dendroc— *tonus engelmanni) 205, 206, 209 English grain aphid (Macrosiphum granarium) 13, 23, 52, 89, 97, 175, 185, 198, 222, 235, 260, 267, 283, 301, 309, 315, 328, 333, 380, 403, 454, 482, 509, 536, 567, 592, 614, 619, 664, 736, 767, 791, 837, 1058, 1071, 1103 Engraver beetles 468, 496, 556 Euonymus scale (Unaspis euonymi) 141, 297, 579, 914, 931, 1013, 1118, 1122 European apple sawfly (Hoplocampa testudinea) 408, 1101 European chafer (Amphimallon maja- lis) 111, 171, 509, 475, 502 European corn borer (Pyrausta nu- bilalis) 8, 10, 12, 15, 17, 30, 53, 67, 94, 107, 113, 115, 136, 173, 176, 186; 196, 232. 248, 260, 281, 309, 315, 333, 351, 376, 400, 421, 425, 443, 452, 479, 505, 529, 530, 533, 554, 564, 582, 589, 600, 612, 613, 618, 638, 644, 670, 695, 702, 725, 734, 752, 784, 789, 797, 801, 805, 812, 820, 836, 844, 848, 853, 859, 881, 888, 901, 911, 921, 939, 955, 966, 971, 985, 997, 1003, 1012, 1017, 1026, 1031, 1040, 1063, 1065, 1085, 1101, 1102, 1120, 1129 European earwig (Forficula auricu-— laria) 17, 95, 260, 414, 491, 515, 553, 572, 608, 635, 661, 694, 710, 722, 746, 752, 769, 773, 784, 822, 828, 852, 872, 895, 914, 915, 933, 945, 949, 1014, 1060, 1074, 1108 European elm scale (Gossyparia spuria) 34, 141, 195, 275, 497, 523, 607, 1057 European fruit lecanium (Lecanium corni) 96, 144, 195, 293, 360, 541, 826, 841, 906 European pine sawfly (Neodiprion sertifer) 117, 365, 467, 496 European pine shoot moth (Rhyacionia buoliana) 212, 216, 274, 310, 441, 468, 497, 550, 606, 633, 659, 848, 962 European red mite (Metatetranychus ulmi) 16, 116, 241, 270, 320, 338, 383, 395, 408, 421, 432, 459, 487, 541, 678, 708, 740, 778, 794, 863, 906, 1005, 1012, 1071, 1098, 1099, 1100 European wheat stem sawfly (Cephus pygmaeus) 309, 402, 428, 509, 567 Eye gnats (Hippelates spp.) 1125 Eye-spotted bud moth (Spilonota ocellana) 121, 338, 347, 433, 487. 931 F Fall armyworm (Laphygma frugiperda) Oe Wp MO, Mere Eee eon 139, 144, 146, 147, 176, 232, 235, 282, 303, 378, 402, 481, 508, 569, 592, 619, 646, 672, 694, 704, 736, 752, 763, 785, 790, 805, 812, 836, 853, 860, 875, 883, 901, 910, 922, 939, 955, 960, 966, 972, 985, 1018, 1031, 1041, 1086, 1088, 1119 Fall cankerworm (Alsophila pome- taria) 11, 140, 171, 173, 194, 214, 310, 339, 347, 521, 550, 607 Fall webworm (Hyphantria cunea) 117, 122, 173, 194, 239, 296, 305, 488, 597, 634, 659, 718, 770, 795, 802, 819, 825, 871, 892, 913, 926, 930, 933, 943, 962, 976, 992, 1006, 1087, 1104 False chinch bugs 179, 234, 539, 629, 648, 653, 676, 860, 921, 1006, 1086, 1116 ‘False stable fly (Muscina stabulans) 525 False wireworms 259, 283, 379, 453, 482, 508, 536, 567, 593, 605, 632, 646, 704, 860, 883, 903 Field cricket (Acheta assimilis) 150, 767, 828, 852, 875 Fig mite (Aceria ficus) 679 Fig scale (Lepidosaphes ficus) 864 Filbert bud mite (Phytoptus avella- nae) 122, 339 Filbertworm (Melissopus latiferre- anus) 45, 122, 742, 841 Fir engraver beetle (Scolytus ven- tralis) 209, 802 a Fire ant (Solenopsis geminata) 107 Firebrat (Thermobia domestica) 110 Flat grain beetle (Laemophloeus pusillus) 47, 56, 237, 1083, 1096 Flat grain beetles (Laemophloeus sp.) 64, 255 Flatheaded apple tree borer (Chryso- bothris femorata) 34, 236, 238, 433, 1087 Flea beetles 13, 16, 94, 137, 139, 149, 173, 199, 260, 311, 322, 323, 341, 362, 363, 385, 412, 436, 454, 463, 491, 517, 545, 572, 600, 626, 651, 681, 714, 743, 771, 815, 821, 844, 845, 851, 865, 888, 909, 1021, 1059 1073, 1121, 1124 Fleahoppers 148, 324, 495, 524, 536, 576, 605, 631, 657, 687, 748, 776, 824 Fleas 15, 126, 498, 658, 691, 721, 779, 804, 827, 851, 873, 893, 914, 932, 948, 994, 1014 Fleeceworms 118, 126 Fletcher scale (Lecanium fletcheri) 497, 1013 Florida red scale (Chrysomphalus aonidum) 141, 279, 410, 513, 597 651, 742, 989, 1065 Florida wax scale (Ceroplastes flo- ridensis) 1l, 64 St Flour beetles 779, 827, 1023 Flower thrips (Frankliniella tri- tici) 318 aap Forbes scale (Aspidiotus forbesi) 144, 172, 320, 460 Forest tent caterpillar (Malacosoma disstria) 110,,151, 156, 192, 211, 215, 274, 275, 390, 440, 468, 495, 521, 550, 571, 578, 718, 1087, 1099 Four-spotted tree cricket (Oecanthus: nigricornis quadripunctatus) 519, 546 Fowl tick (Argas persicus) 126, 721, 1125 Fruit tree leaf roller (Archips ar- gyrospila) 10, 409, 430, 840, 1071, 1101 Fuller rose beetle (Pantomorus god- mani) 11, 46, 387, 977, 1087 Fungus beetles 92, 118, 1096, 1097 G Gall aphids 154, 171, 174, 750, 1059 Gall mites 719 Gall wasps 123 Garden centipede (Scutigerella im- maculata) 4, 97, 713, 928, 1007, 1073 Garden fleahopper (Halticus bracte- atus) 573, 713, 797 Garden slugs 119, 310, 773 Garden springtail (Bourletiella hortensis) 411 Garden webworm (Loxostege similalis) 33, 52, 116, 145, 179, 198, 232, 233, 284, 427, 439, 511, 537, 591, 619, 657, 705, 739, 765, 793, 815, 838, 842, 866, 928, 956, 1123, 1124 Genista caterpillar (Tholeria rever- salis) 174, 188 Geometrids 217, 365, 580, 658, 1119 German cockroach (Blattella germa- nica) 110, 327 Giant hornet (Vespa crabro germana) 930, 947, 963, 979, 993, 1038, 1069, 1101 Gladiolus thrips (Taeniothrips sim- plex) 660, 1074 ia Gloomy scale (Chrysomphalus tene- bricosus) 141, 964 Gnats 1108 Goatweed beetles 722, 933 Golden nematode 878, 1114 Golden oak scale (Asterolecanium variolosum) 963 Golden tortoise beetle (Metriona bicolor) 602, 653 Grain beetles 1054, 1083 Grain mites 185, 237, 852, 916, 1067 Granary weevil (Sitophilus granarius) 48, 155, 964, 1067, 1131 Granulate cutworm (Feltia subterra— nea) 28, 305, 745, 1053 Grape berry moth (Polychrosis vite- ana) 309, 679, 742, 795, 887, 976, 1072, 1100 Grape colaspis (Colaspis sp.) 28, 537, 595, 707, 815 Grape flea beetle (Altica chalybea) 237 MASS Ai7LOM, Ian lnm Grape leaf folder (Desmia funeralis) 650 Grape leafhoppers(Erythroneura spp.) 339, 487, 769, 1117 Grape mealybug (Pseudococcus mari- timus) 96, 294, 360, 1049 Grape phylloxera (Phylloxera viti- foliae) 710, 742, 818, 1112 Grasshoppers 8, 13, 14, 31, 53, 54, 89, 97, 114, 120, 137, 139, 150, 151, 158, 179, 197, 231, 233, 234, 235, 236, 238, 259, 285, 289, 333, 351, 365, 377, 402, 421, 425, 439, 443, 451, 474, 475, 479, 495, 502, 505, 524, (Continued next column) Grasshoppers (Continued) 529, 530, .533, 546, 563, 572, 577, 589, 601, 605, 612, 613, 614, 617, 623, 627, 632, 643, 657, 664, 669, 687, 695, 701. 714, 725, 733, 742, 752, 761, 769, 784, 789, 795, 796, 798, 811, 822, 830, 835, 840, 845, 859, 875, 881, 889, 895, 901, 921, 933, 939, 955, 971, 985, 997, 1003, 1010, 1017, 1040, 1047, 1056, 1070, 1085, 1086, 1088, 1094, 1102, 1105, 1116, 1117, 1122 Grass thrips (Anaphothrips obscurus) 592 Grassworms (Mocis spp.) 303, 791, 837, 922, 956 Great Basin tent caterpillar (Mala- cosoma fragilis) 210, 551, 607 Great Basin wireworm (Ctenicera pruinina noxia) 97 Greenbug (Toxoptera graminum) 3, 23, 61, 89, 90, 107, 153, 161, 163, 185, 221, 247, 265, 266, 269, 283, 301, 315, 328, 333, 380, 453, 814, 972, 1003, 1017, 1026, 1031, 1056, 1064, 1085, 1093, 1111 Green cloverworm (Plathypena scabra) 33, 53, 131, 138, 179, 180, 186, 233, 269, 292, 318, 336, 357, 376, 401, 459, 537, 544, 568, 623, 648, 676, 739, 745, 765, 770, 793, 797, 815, 821, 838, 842, 862, 866, 884, 904, 924, 988, 1012, 1041, 1123, 1126 Greenhouse thrips (Heliothrips hae- morrhoidalis) 841, 906 Greenhouse whitefly (Trialeurodes vaporariorum) 872 Green June beetle (Cotinis nitida) 237, 269, 342, 358, 379, 624, 676, 679, 710, 769, 795, 818, 840, 887, 939, 956, 975, 978, 988, 1004, 1042, 1124 Green peach aphid (Myzus persicae) 8, 24, 25, 54, 96, 109, 120, 133, 139, 166, 187, 224, 272, 295, 305, 306, 319, 322, 386, 395, 409, 413, 433, 464, 493, 519, 546, 601, 654, 683, 714, 746, 773, 796, 821, 845, 926, 989, 990, 1007, 1034, 1041, 1125, 1130 Green scale (Coccus viridis) 1114 Green shield scale (Pulvinaria psidii) 307 Green-striped mapleworm (Anisota rubicunda) 117, 239, 521, 659, 689, 778, 848, 892 Ground mealybug (Rhizoecus falcifer) 98, 986 Ground pearls 7, 149, 382, 1022, 1085 Gulf Coast tick (Amblyomma maculatum) 126, 308 Gypsy moth (Porthetria dispar 15, 17, 171, 213, 215, 274, 440, 718, 850 H Hackberry nipple gall (Pachypsylla celtidis-mamma) 930 Hall scale (Nilotaspis halli) 382, 959 Harlequin bug (Murgantia histrio- nica) 11, 33, 172, 362, 435, 462, 516, 599, 771, 798, 821, 843, 909, 961, 966, 1034 Hawthorn lace bug (Corythucha cy- doniae) 11, 931 ver Head louse (Pediculus humanis capi- tis) 325 Hemlock borer (Melanophila fulvo- guttata) 659 Hemlock sawfly (Neodiprion tsugae) 217 Hemlock scale (Aspidiotus ithacae) 174 Hessian fly (Phytophaga destructor) 32, 175, 235, 284, 308, 353, 428, 453, 509, 536, 567, 593, 646, 703, 767, 791, 813, 837, 902, 956, 986, 1040, 1047, 1121 Hickory bark beetle (Scolytus quad- rispinosus) 117 Hickory shuckworm (Laspeyresia car- yana) 488, 840, 1006, 1050, 1065, 1086 Hide beetle (Dermestes maculatus) 753, 1037 Hog lice 125, 1074 Hog louse (Haematopinus adventicius) 226 Holly leaf miners (Phytomyza sp.) 275, 522, 579, 1122 Honey bee (Apis mellifera) 98, 473, 873 Hop aphid (Phorodon humuli) 544, 889 Horn flies (Siphona irritans) 14, SOs G5) ER u Y/R bea eay5 ale eye 262, 275, 279, 285, 307, 366, 391, 420, 421, 442, 472, 498, 525, 580, 582, 608, 635, 658, 664, 691, 721, 750, 779, 827, 872, 893, 982, 948, 964, 979, 993, 1074, 1089, 1104, 1119 Hornworms 8, 139, 148, 387, 413, 438, 443, 463, 473, 492, 519, 530, 546, 557, 575, 601, 654, 684, 713, 744, 774, 797, 822, 845, 869, 875, 889, 909, 946, 966, 1007, 1089, 1120, 1124 Horse flies 117, 125, 285, 366, 391, 691, 948, 1053 House cricket (Acheta domestica) 853, 1014 House flies 14, 16, 36, 117, 118, 142, 149, 285, 297, 311, 391, 420, 498, 525, 580, 609, 691, 721, 750, 803, 827, 873, 893, 915, 931, 948, 993, 1014, 1022, 1090, 1104, 1113, 1119, 1125, 1130 Imported cabbageworm (Pieris rapae) 11, 34, 173, 198, 261, 294, 298, 322, 395, 410, 435, 462, 489, S16, 543, 574, 599, 628, 653, 680, 711, 743, 771, 822, 843, 853, 864, 888, 977, 1013, 1035, 1041, 1095, 1124 Imported currantworm (Nematus tas besii) 625, 1057 Imported fire ant (Solenopsis sae- vissima v. richteri) 27, 30 | Imported willow leaf beetle (Pla- giodera versicolora) 523 range Indian-meal moth (Plodia interpunc- tella) 118, 134, 181, 237, 779, 852, 873, 1009, 1067, 1083, 1096, 1105, 1125 Introduced pine sawfly (Diprion Simile) 193, 467, 521, 848, 870 Ips beetles 117, 133), 151; 395, 441, 659, 688, 802, 825, 848, 891, 912, 929, 962, 978, 992, 1036, 1087, 1112 Iris borer (Macronoctua onusta) 803, 851, 963, 1087, 1122 J Jack-pine budworm (Choristoneura pinus) 193, 211, 440, 521, 606, 659, 688, 718, 849, 891 Japanese beetle (Popillia japonica) U5 UB. 5 OS. TRG ae Ab, 275, 482, 522, 551, 559, 580, 593, 608, 620, 624, 629, 635, 649, 660, 676, 679, 690, 703, 710, 714, 721, 739, 741, 746, 750, 764, 778, 795, 803, 826, 851, 871, 892, 914, 931, 995, 1013, 1036, 1089, 1100, 1101, 1102, 1122, 1126 Jeffrey pine beetle (Dendroctonus jeffreyi) 203 June beetles 269, 348, 883, 1117 Juniper scale (Diaspis carueli) 141, 174, 914, 1013 Juniper webworm (Dichomeris margi nella) 47, 174, 254, 551, 1007 K Khapra beetle (Trogoderma granarium) 150, 298, 325, 804, 832, 1067, 1107, 1131 Klamathweed beetles (Chrysolina spp.) 473, 692, 780; 981 L Lace bugs 141, 174, 463, 778, 872, 962, 1122 Lacewings 691, 873, 997, 1053, 1077 Ladino clover seed midge (Dasyneura gentneri) 119, 447 £ Lady beetles 46, 278, 345, 367, 371, 394, 443, 498, 526, 553, 581, 609, 658, 691, 722, 751, 804, 873, 894, 965, 1023, 1026, 1077, 1103, 1113, 1119 ‘Larch casebearer (Coleophora lari- cella) 213, 469, 496 Larch sawfly (Pristiphora erichso- nii) 212, 7 OS oPMTLOE LOMarai7, Larger canna leaf roller (Calpodes ethlius) 1083 Leaf-footed bugs (Leptoglossus sp.) 156, 252, 943 Leafhoppers 9, 15, 146, 147, 149, 153, 173, 234, 235, 311, 318, 356, 361, 376, 406, 430, 457, 484, 540, 541, 543, 592, 597, 622, 626, 648, 675, 725, 738, 766, 817, 838, 841, 843, 870, 871, 884, 887, 905, 906, 924, 930, 941, 977, 987, 1004, 1007, 1012, 1019, 1041, 1048, 1064, 1071, 1073, 1074, 1093, 1100, 1117 Leaf miners 307, 320, 329, 364, 390, 433, 440, 467, 475, 511, 513, 518, 545, 568, 579, 622, 626, 632, 648, 654, 657, 676, 713, 769, 797, 816, 820, 850, 864, 865, 892, 978, 1005, 1006, 1095, 1117 Leaf rollers 45, 116, 145, 146, 148, 320, 366, 549, 578, 625, 632, 650, 676, 680, 717, 749, 801, 941, 956, 1048, 1056 Leafworms 13, 687, 1089 Leather jackets 268 Lespedeza webworm (Tetralopha scor- tealis) 875, 90 Ey Lesser appleworm (Grapholitha pru- nivora) 121, 309, 741, 9427 Lesser bulb fly (Eumerus tubercula- tus) 98 Lesser clover leaf weevil (Hypera nigrirostris) 46, 178, 233, 250, 291, 309, 316, 335, 355, 381, 403, 430, 458, 484, 510, 537, 554, 568, 595, 706, 739, 1123 Lesser cornstalk borer (Elasmopal- pus lignosellus) 9, I0, 14, 54, 137, 139, 144, 146, 147, 289, 298, 304, 381, 385, 427, 443, 453, 481, 508, 517, 566, 591, 619, 672, 707, 737, 763, 793, 814, 867, 889, 908, 925, 987, 1018, 1064, 1085, 1094 Lesser grain borer (Rhyzopertha do- minica) 47, 56, 64, 122, 658, 1067, 1096, 1107 Lesser meailworun (Alphitobius dia- perinus) 964 Lesser migratory grasshopper (Mela- noplus mexicanus) 267 a ae Lesser peach tree borer (Synanthedon pictipes) 116, 138, 144, 7 5 , 371, 487, 571, 709, 958, 1006, 1081 Lice 14, 98, 279, 1090, 1108 Lily bulb thrips (Liothrips vaneec- kei) 188 Lily weevil (Agasphaerops nigra) 690, 803, 993, 1022 Linden looper (Erannis tiliaria) 171, 173, 274, 550, Little carpenterworm (Prionoxystus macmurtrei) 237 \ Little house fly (Fannia canicularis) 552, 851 Locust borer (Megacyllene robiniae) TLS 18500) 992n mmm tin Locust leaf miner (Chalepus dorsalis) VSR 17363 450n DOR AShE 825, 1013, 1089, 1122 Lodgepole needle miner (Recurvaria milleri) 202 A Ao Lone Star tick (Amblyomma america- num) 15, 16, 126, 142, 442, 498. 580 Long-nosed cattle louse (Linognathus vituli) 168, 254 Long-tailed mealybug (Pseudococcus adonidum) 1096 PUR ae Louse flies 1131 Lupine maggot (Hylemya lupini) 43, 304, 1048, 1081, 1094 _ Lygus bugs 97, 120, 260, 292, 319, 404, 443, 539, 578, 604, 614, 627, 632, 658, 664, 687, 717, 748, 766, 777, 796, 824, 827, 866, 876, 908, 933, 1070, 1104, 1106, 1107, 1116, 1118 M Magnolia scale (Neolecanium cornu- parvum) 141, 275, 607 Maize billbug (Calendra maidis) 32, 403, 508 Mange mites 64, 255, 391 Mantids 525, 933 Maple bladder-gall mite (Vasates quadripedes) 497, 521, Maple trumpet Skeletonizer (Epinotia aceriella) 913 Margined blister beetle (Epicauta pestifera) 11, 179 _ Masked hunter (Reduvius personatus) 893 ‘Matsucoccus scale 274 May beetles (Phyllophaga spp.)509, 741 Meadow plant bug (Miris dolabratus) 357) 4064 (673 anne. RP Meadow spittlebug (Philaenus leuco- phthalmus) 9, 13, 96, 116, 136, T78, 291, 298, 309, 311, 317, 337, 347, 356, 363, 381, 395, 406, 421, 430, 437, 457, 485, 539, 595, 602, 708, 838, 1012, 1019, 1040, 1088, 1122 Meal moth (Pyralis farinalis) 181 Mealworms 391, 1108 Mealybugs 492, 569, 597, 638, 677, 690, 717, 818, 1053, 1066, 1073, 1117 Mealy plum aphid oes arun-— dinis) 679, 74 Mediterranean flour’ moth (Ephestia kuhniella) 1131 Mediterranean fruit fly (Ceratitis capitata) 514, 780 Melon aphid (apne Ae 120, 147, 305, 342, 612, 820, 844, 888, 911, 944, 990, 1073, 1117 Melonworm (Diaphania hyalinata) 944 Mexican bean beetle (Epilachna vari- vestis) 11, 14, 17, 33, 46, 94, T46, 172, 271, 306, 385, 395, 410, 434, 490, 517, 544, 573, 598, 627, 652, 680, 706, 711, (Continued next page) Mexican bean beetle (Continued) 746, 770, 797, 820, 841, 866, 888, 908, 927, 941, 944, 960, 966, 990, 1006, 1013, 1020, 1032, 1057, 1073, 1086, 1089, 1117, 1124 Mexican fruit fly (Anastrepha ludens) 44, 90, 270, 321, 384, 514, 745, 754, 895, 989 Mexican mea lybug (Phenacoccus gossy- ii) 1021 Midges 187, 253, 295, 442 Millipedes 714 Mimosa webworm (Homadaula albizziae) 2, 14, 39, 607, 634, 661, 6950, 719, 750, 778, 849, 913, 963, 1007, 1036. 1089, 1122 Mites 4, 10, 15, 16, 127, 138, 139, 144, 146, 148, 165, 169, 195, 227, 261, 339, 370, 387, 409, 464, 472, 569, 582, 648, 658, 677, 720, 738, 744, 750, 764, 769, 777, 821, 876, 921, 926, 941, 972, 986, 991, 1067, 1074, 1lll Mole crickets 386 Monarch butterfly (Danaus plexippus) 894 ri Mormon crickets (Anabrus simplex) 89, 120, 151, , 220, 5 425, 454, 483, 502, 565, 591, 619, 664, 672, 735, 812, 859, 1056, 1070, 1105 Mosquitoes 12, 16, 30, 35, 47, 118, 122, 142, 226, 262, 274, 297, 325, 366, 391, 442, 472, 498, 525, 552, 580, 608, 635, 691, 721, 751, 779, 827, 851, 872, 876, 893, 914, 931, 948, 964, 979, 994, 1008, 1014, 1042, 1057, 1059, 1075, 1104, 1108, 1113, 1119, 1121 Mottled tortoise beetle (Deloyala guttata) 843 Mountain pine beetle (Dendroctonus monticolae) 203, 204, 207, 1073 Mourning-cloak butterfly (Nymphalis antiopa) 690, 720 Nabids 553, 873 Nantucket pine moth (Rhyacionia frustrana) 56, 63, 3 327, 238, 606, 912, 946, 1007, 1122 Narcissus bulb fly (Lampetia eques- era's) 1029045520 erences eas Navel orangeworm (Myelois venipars) 45 New York weevil (Ithycerus novebo- racenis) 1101 Nitidulids 28, 141, 149, 388, 575, 714, 767, 821, 966, 1118 Northern cattle grub (Hypoderma bovis) 420 Northern corn rootworm (Diabrotica longicornis) 231, 282, 5 , Northern fowl mite (Bdellonyssus sylviarum) 35, 110, 149, 155, ZIT, 1009, 1125 Northern house mosquito (Culex pi- piens) 1121 pal Northern masked chafer (Cyclocephala borealis) 706, 922, 97 Northern mole cricket (Gryllotalpa hexadactyla) 323 Norway-maple aphid (Periphyllus ly- ropictus) 98, 521, 579, 634, — 720, 750 Nose bots 118, 1074 ‘Nuttall blister beetle (Lytta nut- tallii) 259 oO Oak timberworm (Arrhenodes minutus) 237 Oblique-banded leaf roller (Archips rosaceana) 1082 Obscure scale (Chrysomphalus obscu- rus) 44, 1082 Old house borer (Hylotrupes bajalus) 48, 190, 256, 278, 301, 327, — 446, 499, 581, 612, 722, 784 894, 933, 965) 981, 1023, 1037, 1042. 1097, 1195 Oleander scale (Aspidiotus hederae) 366 Olive scale (Parlatoria oleae), 154, 294, 678, 818, 907, I0IS, 1122 Omnivorous leaf tier (Cnephasia longana) 120, 518 Onion maggot (Hylemya antiqua) 96, 120, 180, 199, 225, 261, 272, 341, 347, 413, 437, 464, 518, 574, 628, 653, 682, 746, 773, 910, 977, 1013, 1107 Onion plant bug (Labopidea allii) 341 Onion thrips (Thrips tabaci) 94, 147, 180, 199, 253, 323, 341, 437, 491, 518, 820, 868, 1073, 1107, 1117 Orange-dog (Papilio cresphontes) 27 OL943 urate GREG RS Orange-striped oakworm (Anisota se- natoria) 849, 892, 913, 962, Lye Orange tortrix (Argyrotaenia citrana) 121, 324, 487, 545, 775, 1049 Orchard mites 223, 329, 359, 475, 513, 596, 623, 649, $65, 677. 694, 708, 741, 768, 794, 816, 839 363, 886, 908, 1049, 1117, 1123 Oriental cockroach (Blatta orienta- TS) 255 FS eee TRIN Oriental fruit moth (Grapholitha molesta) 10, 121, 138, 144, 320, , 347, 384, 395, 409, 432, 460, 486, 512, 541, 570, 624, 678, 709, 725, 769, 817, 840, 863, 895, 906, 942, 993, 1085, 1099, 1123 Oystershell scale (Lepidosaphes ulmi) 34, 141, 195, 196, 325, 383, 395, 469, 498, 1013, 1057, 1099 P Pacific Coast wireworm (Limonius canus) 737 Pacific mite (Tetranychus pacificus) 1020 Pale-sided cutworm (Agrotis male- fida) 180 Pale-striped flea beetle (Systena blanda) 7, 598, 626, 76 Pales weevil (Hylobius pales) 12, 63, 140, 215, 441, 550, 606, 690, 749, 1036, 1112 Pale western cutworm (Agrotis ortho- gonia) 31, 401, 453, 508, 1057, Papaya fruit fly (Toxoptrypana cur- vicauda) 307 Parasitic flies 274, 609, 612, 852 Parsnip webworm (Depressaria hera- cliana) 653 Pea aphid (Macrosiphum pisi) 23, 28, 31, 34, 43, 52, 96, 119, 137, 178, 198, 199, 232, 250, 268, 284, 291, 309, 317, 328 335, 347, 355, 361, 376, 385, 395, 405, 410, 429, 434, 443, 456, 461, 483, 489, 511, 517, 529, 538, 544, 554, 567, 573, 593, 598, 621, 647, 664, 674, 695, 707, 725, 737, 765, 792, 862, 885, 904, 924, 940, 957, 974, 988, 997, 1005, 1010, 1012, 1018, 1033, 1041, 1048, 1056, 1070, 1088, 1103, 1116, 1120, 1124 Pea leaf weevil (Sitona lineata) 119, 120, 268, 342, 361, 434, 537, 738, 798 Pea moth (Laspeyresia nigricana) 271, 77 Pea weevil (Bruchus pisorum) 462, 544, 573, , 628, 652, 680, 888, 990 Peach silver mite (Vasates cornutus) 9562707 68107 lanai Peach tree borer (Sanninoidea exi- tiosa) 10, 54, 138, 144, 146, 236, 252, 309, 597, 678, 709, 742, 840, 887, 926, 975, 1006, 1071, 1099, 1123 Peach twig borer (Anarsia lineatella) 339, 487, 513, 741, 863, 887, 906, 1049, 1071, 1112 Pear leaf blister mite (Eriophyes pyri) 261, 270 Biv. Take Pear midge (Contarinia pyrivora) 384, 395, 1099 Pear psylla (Psylla pyricola) 293, 320, 329, 339, 360, 383, 409, 460, 570, 678, 741, 769, 795, 863, 925, 1099 Pear rust mite (Epitrimerus pyri) 121 Pear-siug (Caliroa cerasi) 90, 121, 261, 541, 624, 650, 709, 741, 752, 769, 817, 840, 886, 906, 942, 1042, 1071 Pear thrips (Taeniothrips inconse- quens) 121, 270, 320, 338, 1071 Pecan bud moth (Gretchena bolliana) 742, 1086 Pecan leaf phylloxera (Phylloxera notabilis) 841 Pecan nut casebearer (Acrobasis caryae) 433, 542 Pecan weevil (Curculio caryae) 795, 841, 943, FS ap Pepper weevil (Anthonomus eugenii) 868 Periodical cicada (Magicicada sep- tendecim) 461 as Phalaenids 581, 679, 894, 1131 Pharaoh ant (Monomorium pharaonis) 189, 784, Pickleworm (Diaphania nitidalis) 545, 745, 772, 820, 844, 868, 888, 895, 911, 944, 976, 990, 1086 Pigeon fly (Pseudolynchia canarien- sis) 109 es Pine bark aphid (Pineus strobi) 174, 365, 468, 496, 930, Pine butterfly (Neophasia menapia) 149, 210 Pine chafers (Anomala spp.)310, 688 Pine needle aphids 274, 441, 496, 606 Pine needle miner (Exoteleia pini- foliella) 550 Pine needle scale (Phenacaspis pi- nifoliae) 117, I95, 441, 496, 579, 606, 913, 946, 962, 1059, 1074, 1118 Pine root collar weevil (Hylobius radicis) 849, 891 Fania Pine sawflies 34, 211, 214, 274, 297, 365, 417, 441, 467, 1122 Pine spittlebugs(Aphrophora spp.) 195, 467, 496, 521, 549, 606, 633, 720 Pine tip moths 134, 215, 912 Pine tortoise scale (Toumeyella nu- mismaticum) 194, 212, 310, 467, EPA Pine webworm (Tetralopha robustella) 194, 307, 310, 688, 1022 aie Pink bollworm (Pectinophora gossy- piella) 55, 63, 161, 167, 6 , 438, 466, 524, 547, 604, 656, 686, 748, 776, 801, 824, 890, 928, 946, 991, 1010, 1021, 1024, 1035, 1065, 1096, 1118 Pitch mass borer (Vespamima pini) 929 Pitch twig moths (Petrova spp.) 194, 720 Plant bugs 13, 116, 145, 148, 198, 309, 457, 485, 511, 521, 549, 551, 568, 595, 600, 623, 648, 675, 707, 717, 725, 739, 776, 793, 801, 815, 838, 845, 848, 862, 885, 891, 904, 911, 924, 941, 958, 975, 1005, 1048, 1058, 1070, 1099 Plum curculio (Conotrachelus nenu- phar) 10, 16, 54, 138, 144, ; 195, 223, 236, 252, 270, 301, 309, 320, 359, 371, 384, 408, 432, 460, 486, 572, 540, 624, 650, 709, 741, 768, 840, 886, 1012, 1098, 1099, 1101, 1123 Plum gouger {Anthonowus scutellaris) )YS605 SU EE UY Te Poplar and willow borer (Cryptor- hynchus lapathi) 173,-930, 1059 Poplar borer (Saperda calcarata) 261 Poplar vagabond aphid (Mordwilkoja vagabunda) 1059 Potato aphid (Macrosiphum cole folii) 25, 411, teas 572, 626, 713, 744, Hees ae Potato flea beetle (Epitrix cucu- meris) 16, 310, 386, 411, 463, BI5, 652, 682, 712, 744, 772, 796, 819, 845, 865, 1013, 1041 Potato leafhopper (Empoasca fabae) 33, 116, 136, 151, 164, 179,- 180, 198, 199, 233, 268, 1292, 2 1041, 1104, 1122, 1124 Potato psyllid (Paratrioza cocke- relli) 33, 147, I51, 154, 261, 322, 411, 490, 515, 601, 625, 651, 682, 695, 712, 744, 773, 796, 819, 887, 976, 1057, 1059, 1073 Potato scab gnat (Pnyxia scabiei) 33 Potato stalk borer (Trichobaris trinotata) 310, 57 Potato tuberworm (Gnorimoschema operculella) 10, 155, 185, 225, 04, 909, 976, 990, 1051, 1073, 1129. Poultry bug (Haema tosiphon inodorus) 226 Poultry lice 126, 276, 1074 Powder post beetles 238, 311, 3870, 784, 805, 894, 933,-1069, 1090, 1097 Psocids 237, 949, 964, 1096 ‘Punkies (Leptoconops sp.) 948 Purple scale (Lepidosaphes beckii) 108, 279, 513, 597, 742, 959, 989, 1033 Puss caterpillar (Megalopyge oper- cularis) 871, 915, 1009, I125 Putnam scale (Aspidiotus ancylus) 1123 R Rapid plant bug (Adelphocoris rapi- dus) 137, 198, 406, 797, 820, 842, 1104 Raspberry cane borer (Oberea bima- culata) 518, 655, Raspberry cane maggot (Pegomya rubi- vora) 465 Raspberry root borer (Bembecia mar-— ginata) 96, 492, 518, 889, 9561, 1007 Raspberry sawfly (Monophadnoides eniculatus) 51 Red-backed cutworm (Euxoa ochroga— ster) 96, 97, 119, 598, 627 Red-banded leaf roller (Argyrotaenia velutinana) 10, 16, 5 5 172, 196, 236, 251, 252, 293, 298, 309, 319, 329, 337, 360, 371, 383, 407, 432, 460, 486, 512, 530, 540, 570, 624, 650, 678, 694, 709, 741, 768, 795, 817, 840, 853, 886, 925, 942, 958, 1005, 1012, 1098, 1101, 1102, 1123 Red-banded thrips (Selenothrips ru- brocinctus) 305 Red flour beetle (Tribolium casta- neum) 47, 48, 97, Red har vester ant (Pogonomyrmex barbatus) 722 Red-headed pine sawfly (Neodiprion lecontei) 91, 238, 549, 578, > 718, 720, 777, 802, 825, 849, 871, 891, 912, 930, 978, 992, 1052, 1087, 1114 Red-humped caterpillar (Schizura concinna) 844, 926, 947, 1020 Red-legged ham beetle (Necrobia ru- fipes) 174 Red-necked cane borer (Agrilus ru- ficollis) 602, 822, Red-necked peanutworm (stegasta bos- quella) P5305, 538, 596, 675, 707, 767, 793, 839 Red-pine sawfly (Neodiprion nanulus) 195, 467, 549 Red turpentine beetle (Dendroctonus valens) 891 Rhodes-grass scale (Antonina gra- minis) 132, 303, 837, 972, 1032, Rhododendron lace bug (Stephanitis rhododendri) 522 Rhododendron whitefly (Dialeurodes chittendeni) 634 Rhubarb curculio (Lixus concavus) 310, 413 FESTA RRC Rice stink bug (Solubea pugnax) 27, 53, 304, 353, 402, 428, 509, 568, 620, 673, 767, 791, 814, 837, 853, 860, 883, 903, 922 Rice water weevil (Lissorhoptrus simplex) 27, 53, 56, 160, 187, 5, 674 Rice weevil (Sitophilus oryza) 8, 26, 29, 237, 21, 932, 981, 1009, 1083, 1096 Root aphids 45, 657, 863, 865, 977, 1051 Root knot nematodes 1108 Root maggots 132, 311 Root weevils 1053, 1072 Rose aphid (Macrosiphum rosae) 417, 469, 607 Rose chafer (Mose geass lus subspi- nosus) 95, 80, 596, 608, 635, 1013; 1101 Rose leaf beetle (Nodonota puncti- collis) 578, 6 a a Rose leafhopper (Typhlocyba rosae) SGA 580i 0/74 seers Rose-slug (Endelomyia aethiops) 660, 931 Rosy apple aphid (Anuraphis roseus) 16.9138) 144 ieee 25 le ao ee 541, 1098, 1123 Roundheaded apple tree borer (Sa- perda candida) 487 Rusty plum aphid (Hysteroneura se- tariae) 358, 997 Ss Saddleback caterpillar (Sibine sti- mulea) 871, 1125 Saddled prominent (Heterocampa gut— tivitta) 274, 750 Salt-marsh caterpillar (Estigmene acrea) 4, 166, 289, 342, 357, , 459, 595, 628, 672, 687, 801, 825, 842, 848, 867, 870, 891, 959, 997, 1048, 1051, 1052 Salt-marsh mosquito (Aedes sollici- tans) 16, 1121 Sand flies (Culicoides spp.) 498 Sand wireworm (Horistonotus uhlerii) 536.1566) 1 Its San Jose scale (Aspidiotus pernicio- sus) 44, 141, 165, 195, 320, 360, 943, 1049, 1071, 1099 Sap beetles 137, 565, 593, 620, 705 Saratoga spittlebug (Aphrophora saratogensis) 212, 469, 496, — 633, 718 Satin moth (Stilpnotia salicis) 122, 274, 633, Tee Sawflies 140, 174, 203, 216, 552, 579, 605, 718, 1008 Saw-toothed grain beetle (gevzeqphi- lus surinamensis) 48, 97, IIs, Isl, 237, 894, 932, 964, 1009, 1023, 1099, 1105, 1107, 1108, 1131 Say stink bug (Chlorochroa sayi) 146, 260, 455, 567, 620, 646, 1116, 1118 Scale insects 15, 138, 141, 171, 275, 304, 307, 320, 417, 497, 522, 523, 634, 661, 750, 826, 852, 963, 979, 1114, 1123 Screw-worm (Callitroga hominivorax) 12, 14, 30, 126, 134, 149, 189, 285, 308, 442, 472, 751, 779, 803, 851, 894, 932, 979, 993, 1009, 1022, 1037, 1090, 1096, 1119 Scurfy scale (Chionaspis furfura) 172, 320, T1104 Seed-corn beetle (Agonoderus lecon- tei) 114, 230 Seed=corn maggot (Hylemya cilicrura) 12, 32, 94, 96, 147, 173, 185, 198, 224, 230, 253, 271, 295, 310, 323, 329, 334, 341, 354, 361, 370, 379, 386, 390, 395, 402, 413, 416, 435, 483, 490, 509, 536, 593, 598, 620, 652, 975, 976, 997, 1013, 1034, 1086, 1118, 1124 Serpentine leaf miner (Liriomyza sp.) 146, 225, 305 Sheep ked (Melophagus ovinus) 16, 117, 127, 420, 442, 472, 1057, 1074, 1112 Sheep scab mite (Psoroptes equi v. ovis) 276, 298, 994, 1083, 1131 Short-nosed cattle louse (Haematopi- nus, eurysternus) 1130 Shot-hole borers 571, 597, 943, 975, 1086 Six-spotted leafhopper (Macrosteles tee 33, 45, I19, 180, 414, 516, 574, 613, 626, 681, 819, 868, 885, 1073, 1103 Six-spotted mite (Eotetranychus sexmaculatus) 3, 107, 223, 279, 321, 410, 864, 907 Slugs 97, 491, 518, 522, 602 Small chestnut weevil (Curculio au- riger) 1006, 1034, I123 Aa Smaller European elm bark beetle (Scolytus multistriatus) 34, 117, 141, 168, 213, 238, 275, 285, 345, 390, 417, 468, 520, 849, 912, 962, 978, 1013, 1122 Snowy tree cricket (Oecanthus ni- veus) 465, 1072 Sod webworms 8, 32, 97, 173, 303, 406, 455, 465, 508, 536, 554, 620, 638, 649, 837, 903, 956, 1121 Soft scale (Coccus hesperidum) 98, 123, 293, 818, 1050, 1114 Solpugids 780, 828, 1060 Sorghum midge (Contarinia sorghi- cola) 860, 986, 1088 Sorghum webworm (Celama sorghiella) 736, 763, 837, 860, 883, 903, 922, 956, 1017, 1085, 1088 Southern armyworm (Prodenia erida— nia) 304, 928, 961, 979, 1006, T086 Southern beet webworm (Pachyzancla bipunctalis) 1035 Southern cabbageworm (Pieris proto- dice) 147, 180 Ta? Tae Southern corn rootworm (Diabrotica undecimpunctata howardi 3 7, 144, 7 231, 234, 282, 292, 336, 402, 427, 454, 530, 536, 565, 593, 941, 1085, 1103 Southern cornstalk borer (Diatraea crambidoides) 8, 137, 535, 582, 2, 763, 790, 901 Southern garden Jeafhopper (gmpoasca solana) 28, 867, 889, 910, 928, 345 Southern green stink bug (Nezara viridula) 304, 945, 966, 1006, TSS ‘Southern lyctus beetle (Lyctus pla- 1087 nicollis) 156, 301, ‘Southern masked chafer (Cyclocephala immaculata) 34, 646 Southern pine beetle (Dendroctonus frontalis) 5, 140, 21 520, 549, 720, 870, 912, 962, 1021 Southwestern corn borer (Diatraea grandiosella) 53, 61, 132, 147, 5 ; 2, 250, 281, 290, 333, 378, 426, 455, 565, 612, 613, 620, 645, 672, 735, 790, 882, 901, 921, 971, 986, 1005, 1017, 1063 Spider mites 13, 44, 56, 62, 117, 137, 139, 141, 147, 179, 181, 195, 196, 222, 251, 260, 261, 267, 292, 296, 324, 342, 363, 364, 386, 389, 390, 414, 416, 433, 435, 439, 466, 469, 494, 497, 522, 524, 549, 552, 570, 577, 604, 606, 628, 632, 634, 657, 681, 686, 690, 716, 748, 767, 770, 776, 778, 800, 806, 815, 824, 826, 842, 847, 860, 870, 890, 903, 911, 929, 947, 997, 1059, 1082, 1086, 1089, 1118, 1122, 1130 Spinach flea beetle (Disonycna xan- thomelas) 516 Fags Spinach leaf miner (Pegomya nyos- cyami) 94, 436, 516, 543, 600, 6s8il Spirea aphid (Aphis spiraecola) 720, 1074 Spittlebugs 274, 296, 388, 406, 431, 465, 510, 519, 540, 922, 923, 1100 Spotted alfalfa aphid 974, 987, 997, 1004, 1018, 1026, 1027, 1032, 1049, 1054, 1064, 1070, 1081, 1093, 1094, 1106, 1111, 1113, 1114, 1116, 1129 (see also yel- low clover aphid) Spotted asparagus beetle (Crioceris duodecimpunctata) 464, 491, 544 Spotted cucumber beetle (Diabrotica undecimpunctata howardi) 16, 54, 3o4-363, S18, 573 599, 629, 653, 680, 711, 797, 820, 867, 910, 913, 1013, 1073, 1104, 1117, 1124 Spotted cutworm (Amathes c-nigrum) 889 Spring cankerworm (Paleacrita ver- nata) 194, 252, 407, 440, 459, 551, 578, 1012, 1057 Springtails 342, 612, 1119 Spruce aphid (Neomyzaphis abietina) 205 Spruce bud scale (Physokermes piceae) 551, 930 Spruce budworm (Choristoneura fumi- ferana) 123, 7, 210, BI5, 274, 440, 497, 522, 579, 634, 688, 1059 Spruce needle miner (Taniva alboli- neana) 195, 551, Spruce spider mite (Oligonychus ununguis) 15, 441, Squash beetle (Epilachna borealis) 654007980) ean SDE Naa Squash bug (Anasa tristis) 34, 180, 545, 599, 629, 654, 680, 710, 771, 798, 820, 844, 928, 976, 1013, 1041, 1073, 1095, 1104 Squash vine borer (Melittia cucur- bitae) 11, 599, 613, 629, 680, 711, 745, 771, 798, 819, 868, 1013 Stable fly (Stomoxys calcitrans) 35, 117, 125, 285, 310, 420, 552, 658, 691, 751, 779, 915, 948, 1074, 1104 Stalk borer (Papaipema nebris) 7, 15, 17, 173, 200, 493, 508, 535, 566, 572, 592, 597, 601, 613, 614, 620, 683, 1012, 1124 Staphylinids 875 Sticktight flea (Echidnophaga gal- linacea) 751, 915 TEP Stink bugs 146, 149, 236, 309, 675, 678, 708, 766, 795, 801, 842, 904, 929, 941, 958, 989, 997, 1027, 1033, 1071, 1116 Stoneflies 92 Strawberry aphid (Pentatrichopus fragaefolii) 131, 225, 296, 388, 492, 1035 Strawberry crown borer (Tyloderma fragariae) 54, 254, 798 Strawberry crown miner (Aristotelia fragariae) 121 Strawberry crown moth (Ramosia bibi- onipennis) 96, 519, 961, 1035, 1072 Strawberry leaf roller (Ancylis comptana fragariae) > 196, 261, 388, 437, 464, 492, 519, 545, 574, 683, 714, 1072, 1100. Strawberry root aphid (Aphis forbesi) 388, 1101 Strawberry root weevils (Brachyrhi- nus spp.) 96, 262, 275, 414, F65, 498, 545, 602, 628, 683, 694, 714, 722, 725, 805, 828, 853, 868, 1105 Strawberry sawfly (Empria ignota) 196, 519 SOS MMEANUR ELT o Strawberry spider mite (Tetranychus atlanticus) 711, 112 Strawberry weevil (Anthonomus sig- natus) 54, 196, 254, 342, 363, 387, 414, 1123 Strawberry whitefly (Trialeurodes packardi) 492, 1101 Striped blister beetles(Epicauta sp.) 34 Striped cucumber beetle (Acalymma vittata) 16, 34, 54, 94, 180, B00, 411, 462, 489, 518, 545, 573, 599, 629, 654, 681, 711, 745,,771, 844, 910, 1013, 1041, 1073, 1124 Subterranean termites (Reticuliter- mes spp,)636, 1042, 1074 Suckfly (Cyrtopeltis minimus) 715, 774, 798 Sugar-beet crown borer (Hulstia un- dulatella) 599 Sugar-beet root maggot (Tetanops myopaeformis) 461, 517, 543, 7 Sugar-beet wireworm (Limonius cali- fornicus) 386, 517 Sugarcane beetle (Euetheola rugiceps) 27, 290, 379, 428, 440, 474, 482, 492, 508, 529, 535, 557; 565, 593. 1085, 1088 Sugarcane borer (Diatraea sacchara- lis) 27, 290, 315, 378, 427, ZBI, 534, 565, 705, 735, 790, 814, 986, 1017, 1047, 1063 Sweetclover aphid (Myzocallidium Tiehmi) 1093 Sweetclover weevil (Sitona cylindri- collis) 31, 97, I 97, 233, 351,317, 336,355, "381, 404, 430, 443, 458, 484, 509, 537, 568, 595, 613, 622, 646, 675 706, 767, 792, 924, 941, 958, 988, 1057, 1070, 1103 Sweetpotato flea beetle (Chaetocnema confinis) 28, 517, 54 Sweetpotato leaf roller (Pilocrocis tripunctata) 28, 977 Sweetpotato weevil (Cylas formicari- us elegantulus) ; 5 272, 306, 628, 928, 961, 1006, 1010, 1020, 1034, 1065, 1081, 1086 Sycamore lace bug (Corythucha cili- ata) 11, 802, 825, 850, CHAl Symphylids 572, 866 T Tabanids 608, 664, 722, 751, 851, 932 Tachina flies 994 Tarnished plant bug (Lygus lineola- me) be, BS, Ii pre CRI eis 271, 293, 298, 318, 320, 329, 337, 339, 25R. 382, 405. 430. 433, 539, 543, 572, 625, 682, 695, 711, 745, 821, 1010, 1026, 1033, 1057, 1099, 1101, 1104 Tent caterpillars 98, 122, 149, 324, 339, 345, 347, 360, 390, 396, 408, 417, 606, 720, 892, 1118 Termites 17, 118, 122, 142, 156, 169, 174, 255, 262, 327, 347, 370, 420, 437, 529, 581, 931, 992, 1005, 1010, 1014, 1054, 1060, 1084, 1090, 1097, 1108, 1125 Terrapin scale (Lecanium nigrofas- ciatum) 320 Texas leaf-cutting ant (Atta texana) 61, 64, 186, 612 Three-cornered alfalfa hopper (Spis- sistilus festinus) 28, 52, ed 337, 485, 0, 568, 594, 622, 647, 674, 707, 738, 766, 792, 815, 839, 853, 862, 875, 885, 905, 924, 941, 958, 966, 974, 987, 1019, 1027, 1033, 1048, 1106 Thrips 3, 4, 9, 46, 132, 147, 148, 174, "186, 196, 225, 230, (296), 307, 323, 324) 327, 362, 388, 389, 406, 413, 415, 428, 439, 458, 464, 466, 487, 494, 511, 524, 538, 543, 548, 569, 575, 577, 594, 602, 605, 632, 646, 654, 657, 664, 675, 687, 713, 814, 839, 847, 876, 885, 942, 957, 959, 1077. 1118, 1124 Thurberia weevil (Anthonomus grandis thurberiae) 11 Ticks 47, 366, 371, 442, 472, 525, 553, 608, 803, 851, 1074 Tobacco budworms (Heliothis spp.) 14, 306, 412, 519, 575, 601, 629, 654, 822, 946, 1089, 1124 Tobacco flea beetle (Epitrix hirti- pegnis) 8, 139, 166, 253, 294, 23, 342, 364, 387, 395, 413, 437, 493, 519, 546, 683, 714, 746, 774, 798, 822, 846, 869 Tobacco hornworms (Protoparce sp.) 14, 306, 371, 419, Tobacco moth (Ephestia elutella) 143, 852, 981, 995, 1009 Tobacco thrips (Frankliniella fusca) Gf 29274 '318h a EN DERE Gar Tobacco wireworm (Conoderus vesper- tinus) 412, 49 Tomato fruitworm (Heliothis zea) 28, 54, 147, 363, 463, 542, 601, 625, 651, 681, 712, 745, 772, 796, 845, 945, 1006, 1072, 1117 Tomato hornworm (Protoparce sp.) 54, 180, 1041, 1117 Tomato pinworm (Keiferia lycopersi- cella) 46, 435, 990, III2 Tomato psyllid [yseaiertoes cocke- relli) 436, ; S7TapmO2o, 305 Tomato russet mite (Vasates lycoper- sici) 7, 120, 133,)139, 147, 0 T80, 253, 310, 542, 573, 712, 745, 772, 796, 819, 866, 909, 927, 1072, 1124 Tortoise beetles 544, 867, 1124 Tortricids 176, 305, 437, 550, 907 Tree crickets (Oecanthus spp.) 8, 683°1171404 aire eee Tropical rat mite (Bdellonyssus ba-— coti) 47, 92 Ze Tuber flea beetle (Epitrix tuberis) 33, 96, 516, 571, 682, 713, 772, 796, 887, 1057 Tuliptree scale (Toumeyella lirio- dendri) 141 Tupelo leaf miner (Antispila nysae- foliella) 778 Turnip aphid (pgp tostpeye Beguee seule brassicae) B71, 395, 771, 927, 945, eek 990, 1051, 1095 Turnip maggot (Hylemya floralis) 599 Turpentine beetles 579, 913, 962, 992, 1052 Twig girdlers 962, 1008, 1037, 1050, 1112 Twig pruners 238 Two-lined chestnut borer (Agrilus bilineatus) 140, 913 Two-marked treehopper (Enchenopa binotata) 750 Two-spotted spider mite (Tetranychus telarius)' 7, 9), 10, 16; 109), ; , 147, 225, 234, 235, 236, 285, 309, 310, 338, 363, 371, 379, 382, 388, 427, 465, 517, 541, 545, 655, 660, 678, 705, 718, 740, 746, 797, 822, 842, 889, 907, 913, 925, 987, 1012, 1041, 1071, 1098, 1099, 1100, 1101, 1102, 1107, 1116, 1118, 1124 U Ugly-nest caterpillar (Archips ce- rasivorana) 522, 87 aa Unspotted tentiform leaf miner (Callisto geminatella) 138, 144, katy espn , 421, 433, 625, 742, 795, 818, 926, 1121, Vv Vagabond crambus (Crambus vulgiva— gellus) 431, 5 Variable Oak leaf caterpillar (Heterocampa manteo) 14, 194, 213, 802, 826, 849 Variegated cutworm (Peridroma mar- PaLvicosa) a7 oF elOpmllemo Tams 5 , 109, 114, 120, 172, 178, 198, 232, 234, 269, 290, 294, 310, 1121 Vedalia (Rodolia cardinalis) 1050 Vegetable weevil (Listroderes c. obliquus) 8, 14, 24, 54, 90, 133, I5I, 154, 166, 187, 224, 253, 270, 295, 305, 306, 323, 336, 342, 363, 385, 412, 416, 437, 440, 443, 465, 467, 493, 495, 520, 545, 910, 1007, 1035, 1086, 1089, 1124 Velvetbean caterpillar (Anticarsia gemmatilis) 28, 303, 767, 785, 792, 814, 839, 862, 874, 905, 925, 942, 957, 975 Vetch bruchid (Bruchus brachialis) 357, 484, SII, 738, 780, 862 Viburnum aphid (Anuraphis viburnip- hila) 94 Vinegar flies 92, 112, 237, 852, 866, 908, 1037, 1073, 1124 Virginia-creeper leafhopper (Ery- throneura ziczac) 262, 872, 947, 07 Ww Walkingstick (Diapheromera femorata) 194, 212, 551, 579, 634, 688, 749, 778, 849, 872 Walnut aphid (Chromaphis juglandi- cola) 122, 515, 819, 864, 907, 1050 Walnut caterpillar (Datana integer- rima) 34, 194, 239, 679, 710, B06, 818, 841, 872, 875, 887, 907, 926, 943, 960, 989, 1042, 1085 Walnut husk fly (Rhagoletis com- pleta) 742, 819, , 907, 926, 943, 1020, 1034, 1050, 1072, 1095, 1111 = 10)= Walnut scale (Aspidiotus juglans- regiae) 293, Wax scales 7, 141, 155, 297, 913, 1114 Webworms 53, 176, 352, 378, 537, 566, 632, 649, 720, 738, 816, 826, 839, 871, 942, 1005 Western balsam bark beetle (Dryoco- etes confusus) 210 Western bean cutworm (Loxagrotis albicosta) 159, 745, 771, 842, O21 eases Western corn rootworm (Diabrotica virgifera) 32, 282, 695, 1103 Western grape leaf skeletonizer (Harrisina brillians) 146, 433, 461, 625, 107 Western harvester ant (Pogonomyrmex occidentalis) 582 Western peach tree borer (Sanninoi- dea exitiosa graefi) 121 Western pine beetle (Dendroctonus brevicomis) 204 Western spotted cucumber beetle (Diabrotica undecimpunctata) 130, 674, 771, Western tent caterpillar (Malacosoma pluviale) 634 Western tussock moth (Hemerocampa vetusta) 487 Western yellow-striped armyworm (Prodenia praefica) 908, 942, 1070 Wharf borer (Nacerda melanura) 473, 42992529) mamas oa Wheat curl mite (Aceria tulipae) 247 260, 348, 403, 903, 922 ~~ Wheat head armyworm (Protoleucania albilinea) 454, 535, 566, 591, 620, 638, 649, 1058 Wheat jointworm (Harmolita tritici) 17/523 Sle GO] 055 penn Wheat stem maggot (Meromyza sp.) 97, 613, 705 ey Sah Wheat stem sawfly (Cephus cinctus) 260, 705, 735, 808, 1058, 1093 Wheat wireworm (Agriotes mancus) 309 Wheel bug (Arilus cristatus) 752 White apple leafhopper (Typhlocyba pomaria) 886, 1098 Whiteflies 148, 495, 524, 549, 683, 798, 865, 1082, 1101 White-fringed beetles (Graphognathus spp.) 171, 336, 440, ; 5 536, 580, 614, 792, 861, 958, 988, 1032, 1048, 1085, 1086, 1124 White grubs 28, 61, 94, 107, 114, 137, 185, 283, 358, 455, 861, 939, 976, 1004, 1026, 1074, 1082, 1100 White-lined sphinx (Celerio lineata) 459, 485, 511, 538, 660, 828, 892, 1119 White-marked spider beetle (Ptinus fur) 156 White-marked tussock moth (Hemero- campa leucostigma) 117, 194, 297, 468, 635, 872 White peach scale (Pseudaulacaspis pentagona) 141, 913, 963, 1082, 1087 White-pine aphid (Cinara strobi) 441 White-pine sawfly (Neodiprion pine- tum) 174, 978 White-pine weevil (Pissodes strobi) 174, 195, 212, ; , 468, 520, 718, 777, 849, 930 Willow sawfly (Nematus ventralis) 441 Winter grain mite (Penthaleus major) 23, 43, 90, 153, 221, 247, 267, 272, 334, 353, Winter tick (Dermacentor albipictus) 1262 1067 ay ga a Wireworms 7, 28, 110, 114, 176, 198, 259, 272, 310, 311, 403, 428, 438, 483, 509, 546, 593, 602, 620, 627, 652, 745, 927, 946, 1008, 1018, 1057, 1058, 1059, 1121, 1124 Woolly apple aphid (Eriosoma lani- gerum) 3, 141, 154, 172, 417, 768, 795, 907, 943, 989, 1050, 1071, 1117 Woollybears 438, 933, 965 Woolly elm aphid (Eriosoma america- num) 261, 497, 551, 749. 2 Y Yellow clover aphid (Myzocallis tri- folii) 3, 37, 40, 61, 90, 107, I3I, 145, 153, 164, 186, 223, 250, 267, 279, 291, 318, 328, 335, 356, 381, 405, 429, 456, 475, 483, 510, 539, 569, 594, 612, 621, 647, 674, 707, 737, 765, 792, 814, 839, 853, 861, 875, 884, 903, 924, 940, 957, 1064 (see also spotted alfalfa aphid) Yellow-headed spruce sawfly (Piko- nema alaskensis) 195, 213 Yellow-margined leaf beetle (Micro- theca ochroloma) 491 Yellow mealworm (Tenebrio molitor) 1107 Yellow-necked caterpillar (Datana ministra) 181, 802, 818, 841, B49, 886, 947, 1087, 1104 Yellow scale (Aonidiella citrina) 44, 293, 742, 818, 959, 1019, 1050, 1111 Yellow-striped armyworms (Prodenia spp.) 53, 147, 180, 265, 292, 305, 357, 371, 403, 415, 439, 481, 566, 592, 622, 627, 734, 765, 792, 814, 824, 825, 862, 867, 885, 888, 905, 909, 928, 942, 957, 972, 986, 1085, 1106, 1123, 1124 Yellow sugarcane aphid (Sipha flava) 28, 265, 303, 380 Acalymma vittata (striped cucumber beetle) 16, 34, 54, 94, 180, 200, 411, 462, 489, 518, 545, 573, 599, 629, 654, 681, 711, 745, 771, 844, 910, 1013, 1041, 1124 Acanthoscelides obtectus (bean weevil) 174 Acarus siro (grain mite) 1067 Acerataqallia arida (a leafhopper) 356 Acerataqallia curvata_ 149 Aceratagallia Sanguinolenta (clover leafhopper wPoot, 310 Aceratagallia uhleri 430, 905 Aceria ficus (fig mite) 679 ‘Aceria sheldoni (citrus bud mite) 154 Aceria tulipde (a mite) 169, 222, 247, 260, 348, 408, 903, 922 Acheta assimilis (field cricket) 150, 767, 828, 852, 862, 875 Acheta domestica (house cricket) 853, Acleris variana (black-headed bud- worm) 217 Acontia dacia (brown cotton leafworm) 29, 364, 389, 415, 419, 440, 466, 495, 524, 657, 717, 847, 891, 928 Acrobasis caryae (pecan nut case- e bearer ea 542 ‘ , Acro aaa caryivorella (a casebearer 409 Acrobasis juglandis (pecan leaf case- bearer) 409 Adelphocoris lineolatus (alfalfa plant bug) 33, 116, 198, 308, 485 595, 623, 766, 815, 838, 862, 885, 904, 924, 941, 1104 Adelphocoris rapidus (rapid plant bug) TI6, 137, 198, 406, 457, 485, 623, 707, 717, 797, 801, 815, 820, 838, 842, 862, 885, 904, 924, 941, 1104 Adelphocoris superbus 7/6, 815, 891, 905, 1070, 1118 Adoretus sinicus (a scarabaeid) 526, Aedes spp. (mosquitoes) 30, 226, 442, 498, 525, 893, 948, 1075 Aedes atlanticus 876 Aedes canadensis 1121 Aedes communis 122 Aedes dorsalis 122, 366, 472, 580, 779, 964, 1075 Aedes fitchii 442, 472 Aedes flavescens 472 Aedes hexodontus 122 Aedes implicatus 391 Aedes infirmatus 226 Aedes increpitus 1075 Aedes ae 47, 691, 751, 1 Aedes pullatus 1075 Aedes sollicitans (salt-marsh mosqui- to) 12, 16, 608, 827, 872, 876, 893, 1008, 1121 Aedes spencerii 391 Aedes sticticus 525 Aedes taeniorhynchs 12, 635 Aedes vexans 366, 442, 525, 580, 721, 779, B76, lors, 1121 Aegeria tibialis (a cottonwood crown borer) 963 Aeoloplus turnbulli (a grasshopper) 733, 789 Aeropedellus clavatus (a grasshopper) 505, 701, 1058 Agasphaerops nigra (lily weevil) 690, 803, 993, 1022 Ageneotettix deorum (a grasshopper) 5, 564, 695, 701, 811 Aglossa caprealis (a murky meal caterpillar) 981, 995, 1125 Agonoderus sp. (a seed corn beetle) 228 Agonoderus comma 379 Agonoderus lecontei (seed-corn beetle) 114, 230, 278, 299, 369, 393, 419, 445 Agrilus anxius (bronze birch borer) 194, 892, 930, 947, 1042, 1104 Agrilus bilineatus (two-lined chestnut borer) 140, 913 Aqrilus ruficollis (red-necked cane borer) 602, 822, 868 Silo SCIENTIFIC NAMES Agriolimax agrestis (aslug) 97 Agrictes ware whea. wireworm) Se ey A ee Agromyza parvicornls, {corn’blotch leaf mer Agqrotis sp. 3 Agrotis gladiaria 12, 190, 223, 230, 269, 272, 292, 319, 323, 336, 352, 377, 400, 427, 436, 454, 463, 480, 493, 566, 591, 955, 1011, 1025, 1026, 1039, 1055, 1068, 1084, 1085, 1088 ; Agrotis malefida (pale-sided cutworm 180, 190, 277, 299, 347, 393, 419, 427, ae 471, 577, 1084 Agrotis orthogonia (pale western cut- worm) 31, 401, 427, 453, 480 508, 591, B26) ols 1058 Aqrotis subgothica 3 Agrotis venerabilis 507 Agrotis ypsilon (black cutworm) 7, 28, 43, 114, 120, 132, 157, 176, 190, 227, 228, 230, 256, 258, 277, 299, 319, 326, 336, 346, 347, 348, 352, 368, 369, 877,, 378, 392, 400, 418, 427, 444, 454, 463, 470, 480, 492, 493, 500, 507, 527, 538,-556, 566, 572, 583, 591, 602, 610, 611, 637, 645, 662, 663, 671, 681, 693, 724, 725, 755, 756, 782, 783, 808, 829; 854, 855, 874, 896, 918, 934, 950, 960, 967, 980, 996, 1011, 1025, 1026, 1039, 1040, 1055, 1068, 1084, 1086, 1113, 1121 Ahasverus advena (a grain beetle) 1083 Alabama argillacea (cotton leafworm) 90, 236, 549, 577; 717, 800, 819, 824, 847, 870, 911, 929, 934, 946, 978, 991, 1086, 1118 Aleurocanthus woglumi (citrus black- a ay, 300, 32], Hee 959, 1115 eyrodes spiraeoides (an iris white- 491 fly) Aleurothrixus floccosus (woolly white- fly) 10 Alphitobius diaperinus (lesser meal- worm) 964 Alphitophaqus bifasciatus (a fungus ne beetle) 92 sophila pometaria (fall cankerworm) I, 117, 140, 171, 194, 214, — aa 339, 416, 468, 521, 550, Althaeus hibisci (a bruchid) 1082 Altica chalybea (grape flea beetle) 237, 433, 710 Altica plicipennis 933 Amathes c-nigrum (Spotted cutworm) a aat space Amblyomma americanum (lone star tick) 15, 16, 142, 366, 442, 498, 580 Amblyomma maculatum (Gulf Coast tick) 308 Amelia pallorana (a leaf roller) 382, Amen BT, 876, 76, 1056, 1070 : Amorbia sp. (a tortricid) 907 Amphimallon majalis (European chafer) 111, 171, 509 Amphitornus coloradus (a grasshopper) Ee 505, 564, 695, Amphorophora crataeqii_ (an aphid) BED Anabrus simplex (Mormon cricket) 120, 259, 425, 454, 483, 507, 565, 591, 619, 672; 735, 812, 1056, 1070, 1105 Anacamptodes perqracilis (a cypress looper) oTe ; Anagrapha falcifera (a celery looper) B16 599 Anaphothrips obscurus (a grass thrips) Anarhopus sydneyensis (a parasite) nara suduevensh Anarsia lineatella (peach twig borer) 146, 339, 487, 513, 741, 863, 887, 906, 1049, 1071, 1112 Anasa spp. 710 ( ta Anasa armigera (horned squash bug, anes Emo, TIO , Anasa tristis (squash bug) 34, 180, 545, 599, 629, 654, 680, 710, 745, 771, 798, 820, 844, 928, 976, 1013, Te 1073, 1104 ; Anastrepha ludens (Mexican fruit fly. aae 90, 270, 321, 384, 754, Ancylis sp. 1123 Ancylis comptana fragariae (straw- berry leaf roller) 54, 196 261, 388, 437, 464, 492, 519, 545, 574, 683, 714 Andricus chrysolepidicola var. quarry- anae te cynipid) refers to Bassettia ligni Anisota sp. 947 Anisota rubicunda (green-s triped mapleworm) 117, 239, 278, 521, 659, 689, 778, 848, 892 Anisota senatoria (orange-striped pauorm) 849, 892, 913, 962, Anomala sp. 107, 169, 688 Anomala oblivia (pine chafer) 310 Anomis enosa (an okra caterpillar) 7 Anopheles sp. (mosquitoes) 1113 Anopheles freeborni 122, 691, 948, 1075 Anopheles punctipennis 325 Anthonomus eugenii (pepper weevil) mmmooon Anthonomus grandis (boll weevil) 9, 13, 2g: 55, 139, 236, 307, 364, 388; 414, 488, 465, 494, 523, 546, 575, 603, 630, 655, 685, 715, 746, 774, 799, 823, 846, 869, 890, 911, 928, 946, 1035, 1086, 1089, 1129 Anthonomus rectirostris 1115 Anthonomus scutellaris (plum gouger) 360, 67: Anthonomus signatus (strawberry weevil) 54, 196, 254, 342, 363, 387, 414, 1123 Anthonomus varipes 411 Anthophila pariana (apple and thorn skeletonizer) 85, 988 Anthrenus sp. 1105 Anthrenus scrophulariae (carpet beetle) Anticarsia gemmatilis (velvetbean caterpillar) 28, 278, 303, 767, 792, 814, 839, 862, 874, 905, 925, 942) 950, 957, 967, 975, 980, 996, 1011, 1025, 1026, 1039, 1055, 1068, 1131 Antispila nysaefoliella (tupelo leaf mi- ner) 778 ( Antonina graminis (Rhodes-grass scale) 132, 303, 837, 972, 1032 Anuraphis bakeri (clover aphid) 97, ep 233, 485, 739, 792, 814, 4 Anuraphis maidi-radicis (corn root aphid) 32, 566, 592 Anuraphis persicae-niger (black peach aphid) 172 Anuraphis roseus (rosy apple aphid) 16, 138, 172, 251, 293, 358, 407, 541, 570, sae Anuraphis viburniphila (viburnum aphid) 94 Aonidiella aurantii (California red aeate) 90, 154, 434, 679, 864, 101 Aonidiella citrina_(yellow scale) 44, 93, 742, 818, 959, 1019 Aonidiella orientalis 963 Aonidiella taxus 603, 522 Apamea amputatrix (a cutworm) 538. 569, 645 ; Apanteles sp. (a parasite) 378, 400 Apanteles congregatus 822 Apantesis sp. (an arctiid) 386, 435 Aphidius obscuripes (a parasite) 97 Aphidius i 266, 289 Aphis sp. 120, oF i Aphis abbreviata (buckthorn aphid) 24 Aphis TOO eae ) 2 Aphis fabae (bean aphid) 896, 681, 711, 770, 921, 842, 1124 Aphis forbesi (strawberry root aphid) rae 388, Aa Aphis gossypii (cotton aphid, melon SMa) 9, 29, 34, 54, 55, 120, 147, 148, 305, 307, 342, 344, 361, 416, 439, 462, 466, 495, 549, 577, 598, 605, 686, 713, 717, 800, 820, 824, 825, 844, 847, 870, 888, 911, 944, 990, in 1073, 1117, ie phis medicaginis (cowpea aphid) 23 aH ST 61, 90, 107, 185, 429, 439, 495, 549, 605, 770, 1118 Aphis nasturtii (see Aphis abbreviata) Aphis pomi (apple aphid) 16, 95, 121, 172, 269, 319, 358, 383, 407, 513, 541, 570, 596, 677, 906, 1012 Aphis ee (spirea aphid) 720, 4 ‘Aphodius pardalis (a scarabaeid) 122 Aphrastus unicolor’ (a weevil) 434 Aphrophora sp. 296, eu ) Aphrophora parallela (pine spittlebug, 195, 467, 496, 521, 549, 606, 633, 720 ( Aphrophora saratogensis (Saratoga Spittlebug) 212, 469, 496, 551, 605, 633 Aphycus helvolus (a parasite) 994 Aphycus lounsburyi 994 Aphytis maculicornis 394 Apis mellifera (honey bee) 98, 473, 873 Archips argyrospila (fruit tree leaf roller) £0, 409, 460, 840 Archips cerasivorana (ugly nest cater- pillar) 522, 872 Archips fervidana 550 Archips rosaceana (oblique-banded leaf roller) 1082 Archips rosana 122, 421 persicus (fowl tick) 721, 1125 Argyresthia thuiella (arbarvitae leaf miner) 174 Argyrogramme verruca (a phalaenid) 134 Argyrotaenia citrana (orange tortrix) T21, 324, 545, 773, 1049 Argyrotaenia velutinana (red-banded leaf roller) 10, 16, 138, 172, 196, 236, 251, 252, 293, 309, 319, 329, 337, 360, 383, 407, 432, 460, 486, 512, 540, 570, 624, 650, 678, 709, 741, 768, 795, 817, 840, 886, 925, 942, 958, 1005, 1012, 1123 Arilus cristatus (wheel bug) 752 Arion ater (a slug) 97, 491 Aristotelia disconotella (a gelechiid) 155 Aristotelia fragariae (strawberry crown miner) 121 Arrhenodes minutus (oak timberworm) 237 caren spp. (scale insect) 10, 141, 71 Aspidiotus ancylus (Putnam scale) 1123 Pee rensceate pied (black pine ac Ne a (coconut scale) AS aso scale) 139, we hederae (oleander scale) Aspidiotus ithacea (aemiock scale), we Aspidiotus juglans-regiae (walnut scal 293, 963 Aspidiotus perniciosus (San Jose scale) 44, 165, 195, 360, 943, 1049, 1071 Aspidiotus pseudopsinosus 963 Asterolecanium arabidis 852 Asterolecanium pustulans 1053 Asterolecanium quercicola 141 Asterolecanium variolosum (golden A oak scale) 963 é ) Atalopedes campestris (ahesperid) 837 Atta texana (Texas leaf-cutting ant) f 61, 64, 186, 612 Attagenus sp. 1105 ee (black carpet beetle) -12.- Aulocara elliotti (a grasshopper) 259 377, 505, 589, 617, 643, 701, 733, 859, 1047, 1058, 1070 oe californica (alfalfa looper) Autoplusia egena (bean leaf skeleton- izer) 867 Autoserica castanea (Asiatic garden beetle) 11, 17, 681, 721, 746, 778, 805, 828, 850, 1013 Bagous magister (a snout beetle) 660 Basilarchia lorquini (a caterpillar) 409 Bassettia ligni (a cynipid) 91, 123 Bathyplectes curculionis (a parasite) 430 wee Ce (tropical rat mite) ee > Bdelonyssus sylviarum (northern fowl ~ mite) 35, 110, 149, 155, 310, een 1008, arom ( 5 ; embicia margina raspberry roo borer) 96, 492, 518, 868, 889, 961, 1007 Bibio longipes (a March fly) 828 Blapstinus sp. (a darkling beetle) 147, 6, 385, 390 Blastodacna sp. 636 a atra (a lepidopterous larva) .Blatta orientalis (oriental cockroach) D Blattella germanica (German cockroach , 3c7, 1069 Blissus diplopterus (a South _ African grain bug) 876 . Blissus leucopterous (chinch bug) 52, 116, 163, 175, 222, 231, 250, 283, 289, 379, 427, 507, 565, 592, 671, 703, 735, 790, 882, 903, 956, 972, 1040, 1047, 1085, 1129 Blissus leucopterus insularis (a chinch bug) 303, 315, 353, 358, 401, 453, 482, 534, 569, 619, 644, 737, 1063 Bovicola bovis (cattle biting louse) 35, 262, 366, 1022, 1053, 1115 Bourletiella hortensis (garden spring- tail) 411 Brachycolus tritici (a wheat aphid) 260 Brachyrhinus ;spp 5, 784, 805, 868 Brachyrhinus cribricollis (a root weevil) 1053 Brachyrhinus oyatus (strawberry root weevil) 96, 262, 414, 465, 498, 507, 543, 602, 612, 628, 683, 694, 714, 722, 784, 805, 828, 853, 1072, 1105 Brachyrhinus rugosostriatus (a straw- berry root weevil) 275, 784, 805, 1072 Brachyrhinus sulcatus (black vine weevil) 96, 310, 522, 1072 Brachystola magna (lubber grasshopper) 1047 Brevicoryne brassicae (cabbage aphid) 11, 96, 109, 133, 147, Te8, 187, 924, 253, 271, 305, 341, 435, 462, 489, 516, 543, 574, 625, 771, 821, 910, 945, 1020, 10B5, 1112, 1129 Brevipalpus essigi (a false spider mite 003 Brevipalpus inornatus (a privet mite) 1130 Brevipalpus Iewisi [111 Bruchophaqus gibbus (clover seed chal- cid) 24, 145, 838, 862, 905, 949 975, 1056, 1059, 1071, 1103 Bruchus brachialis (vetch bruehid) 357, 484, 511, 738, 780, 862 Bruchus pisorum (pea weevil) 462, 544, 573, 598, 628, 652, 680, 888. 990 Bruneria brunnea (a grasshopper) U1 Bryobia sp. 338, Tea ) 26 Bryobia praetiosa (clover mite) 17, 34, 90, 142, 146, 154, 166, 174, 181, 190, 227, 262, 267, 285, 291, 311, 329, 337, 338, 348, 870, 394, 408, 420, 431, 443, (Continued next column) Bryobia praetiosa_ (Continued). 488, 511, 513, 596, 678, 839, 863, 887, 906, 942, 1010, 1057, 1060, 1071, 1085, 1105, 1117, 1119 Bucculatrix canadensisella (birch skel- etonizer) 194, 213, 633, 850, 871 Bucculatrix.thurberiella (cotton leaf @rforator) 133, 148, 657, 687, O1, 848, 911, 946 Byturus rubi (eastern raspberry fruit- worm) 465 c Caenurgina erechtea (forage looper) Se aeEY 256; 278, 399, 347, 393 Calendra spp, (villbugs) 116, 282, 483 , 671 Calendra maidis (maize billbug) 32, 7 403, 508, 536 Calendra minima 309 Calendra parvula 137, 813 Calendra phoeniciensis 428 Caliroa cera’si earn 90, 121 261, 541, 624, 650, 709, 741, 769, 8177 840, 886, 906, 942, 1042, 1071 ; Callarctia phyllira CF enc tial 416 Salone scalaris (elm calligrap Callirytis operator (a gall insect) 750 Callisto geminatella (unspotted tenti- form leaf miner) 138, 171, 172, 251, 320, 329, 421, 433, 475, 513, 625, 742, 795, 818, 926, 1006, 1121 ( , Callitroga hominivorax (screw-worm a 4, 30, 134, 149, 189, 285, 308, 442, 472, 751, 779, 803, 851, 894, 932, 979, 993, 1009, 1022, 1037, 1090 Callosobruchus maculatus (cowpea weevil) 1 Calomycterus setarius (a weevil) 826 Calosoma sp. (a predator) 399 Calosoma semilaeve (a Carabia) a Calpodes ethlius (larger canna le roller) 1083 Cameraria spp. (oak leaf miners) 978 ‘Cameraria cincinnatiella 978 suberar ss hamadryadella 978 : amnula pellucida clear swince grass- hagper). 120, 259, 451,533, 589 612, 670, 701, 733, 811, 835, 1058, 1070, 1103, 1105 Camponotus spp. (carpenter ants) 122 Camponotus herculeanus pennsylvanicus ee carpenter ant) 174, 499, Capitophorus sp. (an aphid) 272 | Capitophorus fragaefolii (see Pentatri- Chopus fraqaefolii) Capitophorus ribis (currant aphid) 1072 Carneocephala guttata (a leafhopper) Carpocapsa pomonella (codling moth) ton 16, 45, 64, 116, 121, 138, 172, 195, 236, 251, 285, 293, 309, 311, 319, 329, 338, 359, 382, 407, 431, 459, 486, 512, 540, 569, 596, 624, 650, 677, 709, 740, 768, 794, 817, 840, 863, 886, 906, 925, 959, 975, 1005, 1012, 1049, 1071, 1104, 1117, 1123 Carpophilus sp. (corn sap beetles) 791, 901 Carpophilus antiquus 565, 705 ilus dimidiatus (corn sap beetle) 17, 32, 173, 231, 671, 705, 736, 764 Carpophilus feu (dried fruit een be 565, 620, 671 Carpophilus luqubris 705, 736, 764, 791, 813, 860, 1121 Catocala sp. (a phalaenid) 679 Cecidomyia sp. (a Douglas-fir needle midge oer x is ) Celama sorghiella (sorghum webworm 736, 763, 837, 860, 883, 903, 922, 956, 1017, 1085, 1088 Celerio lineata CE sphinx) 511, 538, 660, 828, 892) Feat Cephus- cinctus (wheat stem sawfly) ae 705, 735, 1058 aeus (European wheat stem ~ 3 wily) 308, 402, 428, 455, 509 Cephus iahias (black grain stem saw- Ceratina 7a la (a carpenter bee) 579 Ceratitis ¢ Tata (a Megiterranean aa neu fly) ou 780, 781 in eratomia catalpae catalpa sphi 779, 850 Ceroplastes sp. (a scale insect) 297, Ceroplastes ceriferus 7, 141, 155, 913, a floridensis (Florida wax ale. Cero Wass rubens 581 ae Tusci 553, 554 2 rotoma trifurcata (bean leaf beetle) 7 ye 139, 172, 187, 226, 233, 269, 317, 358, on 404, 41 434, 461; 485, 511, 518, 573, 598, 627, 649, 676, 681, 706, 7, 740, 767, 710, 794, 816, (867, 885, 905, 908, 927, 944, 960; 1046, 1088; 11124 Ceutorhynchus assimilis (cabbage seed pod weevil 3 Se, ee (cabbage curculio) \Chaetocnema sp. 812 Chaetocnema confinis (sweetpotato flea beetle) 28, Fine 517, 544, 600, 773, 843, Chaetocnema ectypa Wasser corn flea beetle) 333 Chaetocnema pulicaria (corn flea beetle) 173, 176, 231, 310, 315, 333, 353, 379, 428, 454, 482; 508, 535, 591, 735, 1121 ‘Chalcodernus aeneus (cowpea curculio) T2, 794, 940, 990, 1019 ‘Chalepus dorsalis (locust \eaf miner) aah Lee 778, 803, 325, 1013, q , Chaoborus auapREt Clear Lake gnat, eae Chelymorpha cassidea (argus tortoise beetle) 653 Chermes abietis (eastern spruce gall a aphid) 171 icoole 365, eet Chermes coole: oole: spruce = coolers (Cooley spt 497, 581, 607, 777, $03, *6060,"1 Chermes piceae 205, 216 Chermes strobilobius 417, 496 Chilo simplex (see Chilo Suppressalis) Chilo eae (Asiatic rice borer) 328 @hionaspis ‘sp. call ) 173, SUS roa furfura (scurfy scale) 17 cules pean (elm scurfy scal@ See is gleditsiae 5 Hoes spp. (stink bu ae) 766 ‘Chlorochroa li ia (conch la) 222, ST ERES met , 053, 7 Chlorochroa sa: Sey ne bug) 145, 146, iS 26 455, 567 620, 846, 766, fort, 1116 Choristoneura fumiferana (spruce bud- worm 208, 207, 210, 211, 215, 274, 440 497, 522, 579, 634, 688, 1059 Choristoneura inus ack-pine bud- worm 440, 521, 606, 659, 688, 849, 891 Chorizagrotis auxiliaris (army cutworm) 3h 185, 222, 250, 253, 259, 285, 283, 290, 328, 334, 348, 352, 378, 400, 426, 453, 480, 507, 528) 535, 557, 584) 972; 1011, 1025, 1026, 1039, 1047, 1056, 1056, 1058; 1068; 1070; Chromaphs uglandicola (walnut aphid) 515, 819, 864, 907, 1050 =a Chrysobothris femorata (flatheaded pepe tree borer) 34, 236, 433, Chrysolina spp. (klamathweed beetles) en See 473, 692, 722, Chr: he erici 722, 981 Chrysomela sp. Chrysomela scripta (cottonwood leaf beetle) 207, 579, 661, 719, 1087 Seep ae goni nidum’ (Florida red e) 141, 279, 410, 513, 597, 1065 Chrysomphalus obscurus (obscure scald ? Chrysomphalus tenebricosus (gloomy =) 964 eceuuigs Beas Lo demandata (an otitid) 8, Guten ea a (a lace-wing) 894 ‘Chrysops arpa {ches ties) 122, 148, sertsor0, 311, 861, 873, 1119 Cimbex See (elm sawil ) 661 50S y. ? Cimex sp. 893, cane Genelnagl Cimex adjunctus a bat bu Cimex Weer (bedbug) 325 Cinara sp. Cinara strobi (white Bfoae aphid) 441 Cinara tujafilina a Cinara watsonii 310 Eee tenellus (beet Ne aero, 1 BB 362, 386, 435, 461, 489, 7, 574, 599, 627, 712, 743, 844 868, 888, 910; 927, 944) 960, 1051, 1072, 1081 Cnephi a (southern buffalo Coepneciat eee ana {oranivercus leaf tier) 1 spa Coccus hes: Sain Tae scale) 98, pe Lesse2oa G18.) 94351959 Coccus pseudomaYnolarium (citricola seale) 293, 818 'Colaspis sp. (a grape colaspis) 28, 537, 595, 648, Bishlby Colaspis ini BiB. Goleomedite maculata (a lady beetle) 7 Coleophora ae (arch case - é bearer, fe oleophora SH cherry case- bearer) L2l Coleophora s. pas (a clover case- bearer. Colias philodice ou theme (alfalfa cat- erpillar) 16, 145, 179, 186, 336, 287, 401, 538, 595, 740, 765, 792, 816, 838, 861, 883, 905; 924, 940, 957, 986, 1048, 1070, 1106, 1116, 1123 ot deminalus a leafhopper Collops inatecne te Te eaten) 981 Collops vittatus 553, 804, 873, 1119 Compsus auricéphalus (a weevil) 490 Conoderus sp. 8 Conoderus ee ieolie (Gulf wireworm) 946 Conoderus vagus 272, 419, 528, 557 Conoderus ves ertinus (tobacco wire- worm) 412, 493 ‘Conophthorus sp. (a beetle) 203 Conotelus mexicanus (a nitidulid) 149, 1118 Conotrachelus juglandis (a walnut cur- culio) Conotrachelus nenuphar (plum curcu- lio) 10, 16, 54, 138, 188, 196, 223, 236, 352, 270, 309, 320, 359, 384, 408; 432, 460, 486, 512) 540, 570, 624° 650, 709, 741, 768, 340, 886, 1012, 1123 Contarinia pyrivora (pear midge) 384 Contarinia sorghicola (sorghum web- worm) 860, 986, 1088 Coptotermes niger (a termite) 1054 Corcyra cephalonica (a rice moth) 964 Cordillacris| osed italis (a grass- hopper) 1047 Cor hich aa oA Be BT lace bug) 8 canines cydoniad (hawthorn lace Corwin mainte 872 Corthylus columbianus (Columbian timber beetle) 134 Cosmopepla bimaculata (a stink bug) 84 Cotinis nitida (green June beetle) 237, 269, 295, 342, 358, 379, 387, 624, 676, 679, 710, 769, 795, 818, 840, 883, 887, 939, 956, 975, 978, 988, 1004, 1042, 1124 Cotinis texana 1117 Crambus wos (sod webworms) 8 465, 554, 638, tiei® sellus (corn root webworm Crambus luteolellus 173 Crambus plumbifimbriellus 837 Crambus teterrellus (bluegrass web- worm) 234, 305 a) (cranberry girdler) 153. Crambus vulgivagellus (vagabond crambus) 431, 536 ee te Panes s (a grasshopper) See pp. (asparagus beetles) 2 Crioceris asparagi foe pera ane beetle) 96, 198, 362, 387, 414, 464, 491, 653, 683, 1073, 1124 Crioceris duodecim unctata (spotted asparagus beetle) 96, 464, 491, 544, 683 Croesus latitarsus (dusky birch saw- fly. Crymodes se glassy cutworm) 7 Crypticus Sp. (a eee ymonta) 707 Cryptococcus tagi (beech scale) 216, ; 274 ee sp. 947 Cryptorhynchus lapathi Vedas and willow borer) 173, 930, 1059 Ctenicera pruinina nome jgoreat Basin wireworm) 97, Ctenocephalides spp. *(fiees) 691, 827, = eneeSL, B73, 893, 932, 948 Cteuce canis ans (dod ‘flea) 609, Ctenoce halides’ felis (cat flea) 691, 804, 1 Culicoides spp. (sand flies) 498 Culiseta sp. 1113 Culiseta incidens 691 Culiseta inornata 366, 472 Culiseta maccrackenae 47 Curculio spp. 841° Curculio auriger (small chestnut ea 841, 1006, 1123 Culex sp. (mosquitoes) 1113 Culex boharti 47 Culex erythrothorax 47, 994, 1075 Culex pipiens northern house mosqui- to) 1042, 1121 Culex en uefasciatus (southern house mosquito > 751 Culex restuans 226 Culex salinarius 226 Culex stigmatosoma pad 51 Culex tarsalis 122, 493, 691, ‘751, 779, aba, Tae, 1075, 3 Curculio caryae (pecan weevil) 795, 841, 943, 1129 Curculio elephas 256, 257 Curculio roboscideus (large chestnut weevil) 841 Cuterebra sp. 25, 994 Cuterebra horripiium (a bot fly) 1037 Cyclocephala borealis (northern eet aee dchafer) 706, 883, 922, Griseeene immaculata (southern masked c LEED ntiaus( 646 Cylas formicarius elegantulus Suge potato weevil) 4, 28, 272, 306, 628, 2a, "o61 > tode, 1020, 1034, 1065, 1081, 1086 Cyrtopeltis minimus (suckfly) 715, eee 5 UR Cyrtepistomus castaneus (Asiatic oak weevil) 633, 777, fiboe 828, 846, 868, 1122, 1123 Cyrtorhinus fulvus (a predator) 370 - Cytodites nudus {an air sac mite) 876 D Datana ministra (yellow-necked cater- pillar) 181, 802, 818, 841, 849, 886, 94% 1087, 1104 Datana drexeli 868, 1123 Datana integerrima (walnut caterpillar) 34, 194, 239, 679, 710, 818, 841, 872, 887, 907, 926, 943, 960, 989, 1042, 1085 Datana major (azalea caterpillar) 947 Deloyala quttata (mottled tortoise beetle) 843 Danaus plexippus (monarch butterfly) ber Dasyneura sp. (a midge) 121 ‘Dasyneura affinis 111 Dasyneura gentneri 119, 447 ‘Dasyneura lequminicola (clover seed midge Dasyucura mali /68 Dendroctonus spp. 46, 209, 962, 992, 1052 Dendroctonus approximatus (Colorado pine beetle) 209 Dendrotonus arizonicus (Arizona beetle) 2! Dendroctonus barberi (southwestern pine beetle) 208, 209 Dendroctonus brevicomis (western pine beetle) 204, 208 Dendroctonus convexifrons (round- headed pine beetle) Dendroctonus engelmanni (Engelmann spruce beetle 5, 206, 209 Dendroctonus frontalis (southern pine beetle) 5, 140, 214, 520, 549, 720, 870, 962, Dendroctonus jeffreyi (Jeffrey pine beetle) 203 Dendroctonus monticolae (mountain pine beetle) 203, 204, 207 Dendroctonus ponderosae (Black Hills beetle) 8, , 1073 Dendroctonus pseudotsugae (Douglas-. fir beetle) 123, 502, 204, 207, 210, 802, 962, 1073 Dendroctonus simplex (eastern larch beetle) i Dendroctonus terebrans (black turpen- tine beetle) 5, 56, 188, 214, 297, 660, 689, 694, 719, 749 777, 850, 891, 929 Dendroctonus valens (red turpentine beetle Depressaria heraciiana (parsnip web- worm) 653 Dermacentor albipictus (winter tick) 1067 Dermacentor andersoni (Rocky Moun- tain wood tick) 1074 Dermacentor variabilis (American goa tick) 16, 366, 391, 442 472, 498, 525, 553, 608, 852 1014, 1043, 1104 Dermanyssus gallinae (chicken mite) 16, 142, 155, 325, 721 Dermestes maculatus (hide beetle) 69 Deroceras reticulatum (a garden slug) 11 Desmia funeralis (grape leaf folder) 5 650 Diabrotica spp. (corn rootworms) 704, 735, 764, 882, 903, 1117 Diabrotica balteata (banded cucumber) beetle) 28, 133, 305, 773, 793, 816, 843, 909, 944 Diabrotica longicornis (northern corn rootworm) 32, 114, 176, 231, 282, 645, 674, 764, 813, 838, 858, 882, 1103 Destroy pete (a chrysomelid) Diabrotica undecimpunctata (western spotted cucumber beetle) 120 Fae 674, 764, 771, 945, 1048 -14- Diabrotica undgcimpunctata howardi (spotted cucumber beetle, southern corn rootworm) 9, 16, 32, 54, 137, 176, 224, 226, 231, 282, 292, 336, 363, 402, 427, 454, 518, 536, 565, 573, 593, 599, 629, 645, 653, 680, 711, 764, 797, 820, 867, tie 913, 941, 1013, 1082, 3 Diabrotica orate era (western corn root- aie 32, 282, 645, 764, 791, Diacrisia virginica (yellow woolly- bear) 134, 278, 347, 393, 419 ‘Dialeurodes chittendeni (rhododendron eae Dialeurodes citi (citrus whitefly) 11 Eas ae 8 O31 f 2 Dialeurodes kirkaldyi 48 Diaphania fvalimtaat elon) 944 Diaphania nitidalis (pickleworm) 134, 545, 745, 820, 844, 868, 888, 911, 944, 976, 990, 1086 Diapheromera femorata (walkingstick) 194, 212, bbl, 634, 688, 749, 778, 849, 872 Diaspis carueli (juniper scale) 141, 174, » 1013 Diatraea spp. 590, 939, 1047 Diatraea crambidoides (southern corn- stalk borer) 137, 535, 591, 645, 672, 763, 790, 901 Diatrgea grandiosella (southwestern corn borer) 53, 61, 132, 147, 182, 232, 250, 281, 299 329, 333, 378, 426, 455, 565, 620, 645, 672, 735, 790, 882, 901, 921, 971, 986, 1005, 1017, 1063 Diatraea saccharalis (sugarcane borer) 5 , 299, 315, 378, 427, 445, 482, 534, 565, 705, 735, 790, 814, 986, 1017, 1047, 1063 Diceroprocta apache (a cicada), 149 Dichomeris marginella (juniper web- worm) 47, 174, 254, 551, 1007 Dikraneura carneola (a 1eafhopper) 3 87 Diprion See: i 211 7 Diprion hercyniae (European spruce Savitly) 605 Diprion simile (introduced pine saw- Hy) 193, 211, 467, 521, 848, 87 Diptacus gigantorhynchus (a mite) 261, 3 Disonycha glabrata 851 Disonycha xanthome as (spinach flea beetle) 516 Dissostejra carolina (Carolina grass- asses i fopper) 438, 451, 811, 1047 Dolerus similis’ (a sawfly a) esale} Draeculocephala mollipes (a leafhopper) 40%, 1041 Drepanopterna femoratum (a grass- hopper) 1047 Drepanothrips reuteri (a grape thrips) Drosophila spp. (vinegar flies) 237 852, 1124 : Drosophila hydei 1037 Drosophila melanogaster Bes, 908, 1073 1 Drosophila repleta 1 Dryocoetes confusus (western balsam ‘bark beetle) 210 E Echidnopha inacea (sticktight flea)! BeniGnonhy apacee Elasmopalpus li osellus (lesser corn- stalk borer) 7, 14, 54, 137, We} = rs Kes no eo Wo} < wo Oo HBS < wo Q, Axe} wo @, = < 889, 908, 925, 987, 1018, 1064, 1085 worms) 283, 379, 482, 508, 536, 567, 646, ae 704, en 883, 903 ) eodes opaca (plains false wireworm a68 Elepdes suturalis 453, 508, 593 Ellyehnia sp. \a iampyrid) 908 Emboloecia sauzalitae ipemoides asen borer) 803 ; 6 Empoasea spp. {leafhoppers) 147, 14! 153, 190, 258, 277, 318, 356, ee ae Ue mpoasca fabae (potato leafhopper 33, 116, 136, 153, 164, 179, 80, 198, 199, 3 27 Eleodes spp. (false wireworm: . ~ * ps) (oe) . ~~ - 885, 887, 904, , 924, 975, 1041, 1104, 1122, 1124 Empoasca filamenta (a leafhopper) 1073) Empoasca solana (southern garden leaf- hopper) 28, 361, 843, 867, 889, ie 928, 945 ) Empria ignota (a strawberry sawily: 196 519 a Enchenopa binotata (two~marked tree- hopper) 750 Endelomyia aethiops (rose-slug) 660, sadelomyss aetops a Endria inimica (a deathooper) 406, 430, ~ 457, 885, 905, 924 Enicmus minutus) (a beetle) 420 Ensenbeckija incisuralis (a tabanid) 608 ‘Eotetranychus carpini 35 9. soletranyeiay hicoriae (a mite) 742, Py Eotetranychus sexmaculatus (six-spotted mite) 3, 107, 223, 279, 321, 410, 864 Eotetranychus tiliarum 95 egtetranyehie mumengis 4, 146, 165, ‘Eotetranychus weldoni 1074 Eriococcus azalea (azalea bark scale) OL Ephestia spp. 1083 Ephestia elutella (tobacco moth) 143, ae abe, a Epicaerus sp. (a beetle; Epicauta spp. (blister beetles) 34, 458, 648, 676, 706, 714, 740, 744, 745, 764, 770, 794, 816, 821, 838, 844, 862, 866, 885, 975, 1085, ate Epicauta cinerfea (clematis blister betsy Ge 794 Epicauta fabricii (ash-gray blister beetle) ues ‘i Epicauta maculata (spotted blister beetle) 48 ( Epicauta pennsylvanica (black blister beetle. 7, 764, 794, 816, 884, 1103 Epicauta pestifera (margined blister beetle) 11, 179, 745, 844 Epicauta punciicollis 816 Epicauta torsa 345 Epilachna ee (squash beetle) 654, 7 Epilachna varivestig (Mexican bean beetle) 11, 14, 17, 33, 94, 172, 271, 306, 385, 41 434, 490, 517, 544, 573, 598, 627, 652, 680, 706, 711, 746, 70 797, 820, 841, 866, 888, 1006, 1013, 1020, 1032,’ 1057, 1073, 1086, 1089, 1117, 1124 Epinotia acerjiella (‘mapie trumpet skeletonizer) 913 Epinotia meritana 1073 Epitrimerus aaa (pear rust mite) 121 Epitrix spp. ea beetles) 909, 1059 Epitrix cucumeris (potato flea beetle) , 310, 386, 387, 411, 463, 491, 515, 545, 572, 600, 626, 652, 682, 712, 714, 744; 772, 796, 819, 845, 860, 909, 1013 cS to ay iS} = Epitrix fuscula(potato flea beetle) 463, 651 Epitrix hirtipennt S de aes” a beetle) Epitrix subcrinita (western potato’ flea beetle) 491 Epitrix tuberis (tuber flea beetle) 33 6, 436, 463, 491, 516, ail, 651, 682, 713, 772, 796, 887, Epochra ee (currant fruit fly) 6 1059 Erannis tiliaria (inden looper) 171, 274, 550, Eriophyes SPP. | ‘ite) 117, 708, 719 Eriophyes populi ‘Eriophyes Se on (eae leaf blister mite) Eriosoma americanum (woolly elm aphid) 261, 497, 551, 749 Eriosoma lanquinosa 863 Eriosoma lanigerum (woolly apple aphid) 3, 121, 141, 154, 172, 407; 417, 768, 795, 907, 943; 989; 1050, 1070, 1117 Erythraeus sp. (a mite) 387 Erythroneura sp. (aleafhopper) 339, , 906, 930, 1007, 1117 od dumosa oie neo Erythroneura variabilis b Erythroneura ziczac (Virginia creeper leafhopper) 262, 872, 947, 1074, Estiqmene sp. 438 Estiqmene acrea (salt-marsh cater- pillar) 4, 134, 166, 169, 2 278, 289, 299, 342, 347, 357, 459, 501; 595, 628, 672, 687, 801, 842 848, 867, 870, 891, 959, 1048, 1051, 1052 Etiella zinckenella (lima-bean pod orer, Euborellia cincticollis (an earwig) ‘147 Euclyptus derivatus (a weevil) 1117 (Euetheola puaicens iceps (sugarcane beetle) 178, 290, 299, 379, 393, 418, 428, 445, 455, 471, 482, 492° 501, 508, 529, 535 565, 593, 1085, 1088 Eumargarodes laingi (a ground pearl) 7 Eumerus tuberculatus (lesser bulb fly) 98 © ~] S Eupsilia sp. (a caterpillar) 172 Eurydema oleraceum (a pentatomid) 367 Euschistus cons aa 989 Easchistue, servu: Fe Gey stink bug) Bueeneee zene eae 409, 624 Euschistus tristi (dusky stink ey 300, 3 384, 409, 434, 487, Euschistus pores (one-spot stink buq) 359, 409, 434, 487,571, 624 Eutrombicula alfreddugesi (chigger) ese CoE Ste ‘Eutrombidium tri oe (a mite) 227, Euxoa detersa 31, Euxoa ochro aster (Geacbaried cut- worm) 96, 119, 400, 598, 602, 627 ( Evergestis rimosalis cross-striped cabbageworm) 1082 Exoteleia pjnifoliella (pine needle Miner) 550 F Fannia canicularis (little house fly) Feltia spp. (eutworms) 371, 377, “~~ 996, 1011, 1025, 1oz6,’ ere 1055, 1084, 1113, 113 Feltia annexa (see Feltia subterranea) Feltia ducens 319, 463 ail = Feltia subgothica (dingy cutworm) 12, a3 352, 377, 400, 463, 480, 492) 591; 926, 1088 Feltia subterranea (granulate cut- worm) 28, 134, 157, 169, 190, 227, 2 25! 967, 9 1053, 1068, 1084, 1113, 1131 Fenusa a (birch leaf miner) 94, 468, 497, 521, 550, aor 633, 719, 1013 Fenusa wmi (elm leaf miner) 194 Bora ‘theae (a tea pcale) 141, 307 orficule auricularia European. ear- wig) 17, 95, 260, 414, 491, 515, 563, 572, 608, 635, 661, 694, 710, 722, 746, 915, 933, 945, 9497 1014, Frankliniella spp. (thrips) 307, 388, 494 1118 . 632, 675, Frankliniella cephalica 362 Frankliniella fusca (tobacco thrips) 9, 292, 318, 327, 389, 415, 439, 458, 466 Frankliniella moultoni 147, 148 Frankliniella occidentalis 132, 146, 675 Frankliniella tritici (flower thrips) 318 G Galerucella xanthomelaena (elm leat beetle) 11, 94, 98, 122, 141, 149, 173,’ 239, 311, 324,°327, 345, 365, 469, 497, 520, 551, 578, 607, 633, 661, 689, 749, 752, 779, 784° 8 825, 850, 871, 993 1013 1042, 1087, 1107, 1122, 1135 Gargaphia solani solani (eggplant lacebug) “463, , 651 [o} 0S, Geocoris pallens (aiygacis bug 751 Geocoris pune ipes 1119 Glischrochilus sp. ee fens pects) 118 Glischrochilus quadrisiqnatus 966 Gnorimoschema o erculella (peters. tuberworm) 10, 225, 255, 493, aoa aoe. 976, (220, 1051, 1073, 129 ossyparia spuria European elm scale a 141, 195, 275, 417, 497, 523, 607, 1057 Gracilaria azaleella (azalea leaf miner) Gracilaria nequndella (boxelder leaf roller Graphognathus spp. (white-fringed beetles) 65, 171, 336, 440, 455, 520, 536, 792, 958, 1085, 1086 Graphognathus perearinus 792, 988, Grapholitha interstinctana (clover head ‘ Samar Grapholitha molesta (oriental fruit moth) 10, 54, 95, 121, 138, 3 338, 384, 409, 432, 460, 486, 512, 541, 570, 624; 678, 709; 769, 817, 40, 863, 906} 942, 993, 1085, 1123 Grapholitha packardi penerry fruitworm) 4 71 is) COs @ OF a a Grapholitha.prunivora (lesser apple- wotm) 121, 309, 741, 942 Gratiana na pallidus ant eggplant tortoise beetle. Gretchena bolliana (pecan bud moth) 08 2 2 Gryllotalpa hexadactyla (northern mole cricket) 32) H Hadrotettix trifasciatus (a grasshopper) 1047 Haematopinus spp. 35 Haematopinus adventicius (hog. louse) 228 Haematopinus eurysternus (short-nosed cattle louse) 5, 98, 1130 Haematosiphon inodorus (poultry bug) 226 Halisidota angels (a tussock moth) lalticus bracteatus’ (garden fleahopper) 73, 713, 797 Harmolita sp. 402 tritici} (wheat jointworm) 175, 235, 260, 1058, Harpalus pennsylvanicus (a carabid) 363 Harrisina brillians (western grape eaf skeletonizer) 146, 433, 461, 625, 1072 Heliothis spp. 136, 139, 140, 299, 419, 519, 564, 575, , 603, 629, 631, 645, 656, 671, 684, 716, 725, 747, 775, ) » , 890, 911, 946, 1089, 1107 Heliothis armigera (see Heliothis zea) ‘Heliothis phloxiphaga 94 Heliothis virescens (tobacco budworm) 8, 14, 55, 139, 306, 369, 92, 41 438, 444 “3 oO 0. a i} ‘Y, foo} i) i) Q , 946, 950, 967, 980, 996, 1011, 1025, 1026, 4 Heliothis zea (bollworm, corn ear- worm, tomato fruitworm) VERGO elo sel Oy elmore 2B, 32, 53, on 55, 94, 109, 114 34, 975, 0 996, 1003, 1006, 1011 1012, 1018, 1020, 1025, 1116, 1117, 1118, 1120 Heliothrips haemorrhodalis (green- house ae) 841, 906 Hellula rogatalis cobpade webworm) II, 909, 1006 Hemadas nubilipennis % blueberry stem = gall chalcid) 769 emerocampa leucostiqma (whitemarked tussock moth) 117, 194, 297, 468, 579, 635, 872 Hemileuca nevadensis (a Nevada buck 71 Hercothrips fasciatus (bean thrips) 866 Hermetia illucens (a stratiomyid) 13, 237, 1009, 1083 Herse cingulata (see Agrius cinqulatus) Heterocampa quttivitta (Saddled promi- nent) 274, 750 Heterocampa manteo (variable oak leaf caterpillar) 14, 194, 213, EAU AT ES eee 849, 992 ‘ leterodera g ycines soybean nematode 3 Heterodera punctata 1114 Heterospilus cephi (a parasite) 636 Hexarthrum ulkei (a bark: beetle) 347 Hexeris enhydris (a seagrape borer) 1022 Hippelates sp. (eye gnats) 1125 Hippodamia sp. (a lady beetle) 581 Hippodamia convergens (convergent) lady beetle) 456, 553, 609, 722, 804, 873, 894, 981, 1119 Hippodamia parenthesis 553, 1119 ‘Hippopsis lemniscata (a cerambycid) 167, 168. Histiogaster carpio (a mite) 1067 Homadaula albizziae (mimosa web- worm) 239, 607, 634, 661, 690, 719, 750, 778, 849, 913, 963, 1007, 1036, 1122 Hoplocampa cookei (cherry fruit fly) Hoplocampa testudinea (European apple sawily) 408 Horistonotus uhlerii (sand wireworm) 36, 566 Hulstia undulatella (sugar-beet crown 4 poreL ( Hyalophora cecropia (cecropia moth) 826 Hyalopterus arundinis (mealy plum aphid) 513, 679, 742, 883, ae (deer aes) 122 ydrellia griseola (a rice leaf miner) 74 dydrobaenus sp. (a midge) 442 ae Sp. i (a Dark peeue) 227 ylastinus obscurus (clover root borer) 130, 179, 399, 355, van 485, 595, ce ‘ ylemya antiqua (onion maggot) 96, 120, 180, 199, 225, vel, 272, 341, 413) 437, 464) 518, 574, 628, 653, 682, 746, 773, 910, 977, 1013, 1107 Hylemya brassicae (cabbage maggot) , 04, 261, 410, 462, 489, 516, g 543, 544, 574, 653 Hylemya cilicrura (seed-corn maggot) 12, 32, 96, 132, 147, 173, 185, 198, 224, 228, 230, 253, 271, 295, 310, 323, 334, 341, 304, 361, 370, 379, 386, 390, 402, 413, 416, 435, 483, 490, 509, 519, 536, 544, 593, 598, 620, 652, 975, 976, 1013, 1034, 1086, 1124 Hylemya floralis (turnip maggot) 599_ Hylemya lupini (lupine maggot) 43, 251, 304, 1048, 1081, Hylobius pales (pales weevil) 12, 63, 140, 315, 310, 441, 550, 606, 690, 749 Hylobius Bees (pine root collar weevil) » 8 Hylotrupes bajulus (old house borer) 48, 190, 256, 278, 301, 327, 499, 581, 612, 722, 784, 894, 933, 965, 981, 1023, 1037, 1042, 1025 Hypera brunneipennis (Egyptian alfalfa weave) 107, 145, 186, 251, 290, 723 Hypera meles 178, 179, 309, 354, 404 Hypera nigrirostris (lesser clover leaf weevil) 178, 179, 198, 233, 250, 291, 309, 316, 335, 354, 355, 381, 403, 430, 458, 484, 510, 537, 568, 595, 706, 739, ee ob) ee Hypera postica (alfalfa weevil) 3, 33, 119, 137, 163, 171, 186, 251, 260, 268, 290, 308, 316, 335, 354, 380, 404, 430, 458, 484, 510, 537, 567, 594, 622, 646, 676, 706, 723, 738, 764, 816, 862, 885, 940, 1019, 1056, 1058, 1090, 1103, 1106, 1120 - 16 Hypera punctata (clover leaf weevil) 23, 53, 97, 116, 120, 178, 223, 232, 250, 268, 291, 316, 335, 354, 371, 380, ae 568, 1041 Hypermallus villosus (an oak twig pruner) ve 2o8y oe 1 eA Hyphantria cunea (fall webworm 5 sails 122, 169, 173, 194, 239, 256, 296, 305, 488, 597, 634, 659, 770, 795, 802, 819, 825, 871, 892, 913, 926, 930, 933, 943, 962, 975, 992, 1087, 1104 Hypoderma spp. (cattle grubs) 26, 35, 64, 122, 188, 285, 348, 472, 1089, 1104, 1113 Hypoderma bovis (northern cattle grub) 98, 117, 262, 420, 1074 Hypoderma lineatum (common cattle grub) 47, 67, 64, 98, 110, 117, 142, 168, 188, 226, 262, 391, 472, 525, 914, 948, 979, 993, 1074, 1119 Hysteroneura setariae (rusty plum aphid) 358 Icerya 3a (an Egyptian mealy- ee a ee hion scale) Icerya purchasi (cottony-cus 488, 720, 818, 864, 872, 959, | 1036 Tdiostatus variegatus (a cricket) 591 Ips spp. (bark beetles) 46, 56, 64, 88, 205, 209, 214, 254, 297, 345, 468, 520, 550, 802, 848, 891, 978, 1021 Ips avulsus 155, 694, 992, 1087 Ips calligraphus 155, 307, 496, 694, Sat Ips chagnoni 117 Ips cloudcrofti 417 Ips grandicollis 155, 694, 1087 Ips pini (pine engraver) 168, 929 Iridomyrmex humilis (Argentine ant) 44] Isia isabella (banded wollybear) 134, 169 Itonida balsamicola (balsam gall midge), 8 3 Ixodes ricinus scapularis (black-legged tick) 16; 1037 K Kalotermes flavicollis (a termite) 156 Keiferia lycopersicella (tomato pin- aay 46, 435, 990, 1112 Kermes spp. (scales) 238 Kermes pettiti 579 Kermes pubescens 56 Labopidea allii (onion plant bug) 341 Labops hesperus (a plant bug) 511, 837 i066 Lacinipolia renigera (bristly cutworm) 260, 319, 3b¢ 2 Laemophloeus sp. 64, 255, 420, 526 Laemophloeus pusillus (flat grain beetle) a7, 56, 237 Lambdina athasaria pellucidaria a looper) 417 ) Lampetia equestris (narcissus bulb fly 522), B52 Languria mozardi (clover stem borer) O1 Laph: a exigua (beet armyworm) 3. 62, 145, 258, 278, 299, 393, 401, 419, 445, 471, 739, 765, 944, 957, 967, 977, 988, 1051, 1117 Laph: a frugiperda (fall armyworm) ee 7, 1 15, 27, 32, 59, 136, 139, 169, 176, 190, 227, 232, 278, 282, 303, 369, 378, 402, 419, 445, 481, 508, 528, 557, 569, 592, 619, 646, 672, 693, 694, 704, 724, 736, 755, 756, 763, 782, 783, 790, 808, 812, 829, 836, 854, 855, 860, 874, 883, 896, 901, 910, 918, 922, 934, 939, 950, 955, 960, 971, 977, 980, 985, 996, 1006, 1011, 1018, 1025, 1026, 1031, 1039, 1041, 1055, 1068, 1084, 1086, 1088, 1120 Lasiogerma serricorne (cigarette pec aca ; Laspeyresia car ickory shuckworm 188, 840, 1006, 1050, 1065, 1086. Laspeyresia oe (pea moth) 271, Laspeyresia splendara 256, 257 Laspeyresia strobilella 135 Latrodectus mactans (black widow spider) 226, 893, 915, 948, 964, 994, 1008, 1022, 1037 Lecaniodiaspis sp. (a scale) 275 Lecanium sp. 174, 750 Tecanium corni (European fruit lecanium) , 138, 195, 293, 360, 497, 541, 579, 634, 661, 826, 841, 906 Lecanium fletcherj(Fletcher scale) 497, 684, 6, 1 013 Lecanium nigrofasciatum (terrapin scale) 320 Lecanium quercifex (an oak scale) 1087 Lema trilineata (three-lined potato beetle, Te Tonia Lepidosaphes sp. 417 Lepidosaphes beckii (purple scale) 108, 319, 513, 597, 659, 943 Lepidosaphes camelliae (camellia scale) 110, 141, 297, 914, 9638, 1036 Lepidosaphes ficus (fig scale) 864 Lepidosaphes ulmi (oystershell scale) ah, 141, 195, 196, 325, 383, 469, 497, °498, 523, ae 1057 Leptinotarsa decemlineata (Colorado potato beetle) 10, 17, 34, 94, 180, 199 261, 272, 294, 341, 361, 386, 441, 436, 462, 490, 515, 542, 571, 600, 626, 651, 682, 712, 744, 772, 796, 845, 865, 1041, 1073, 1124 Leptoconops sp.. (punkies) 948 Leptocoris trivittatus (boxelder bug) 6, 26, 48, 92, 169, 173, 181, 190, 285, 311, 370, 612, 828, 852, 894, 915, 933, 943, 949, 965, 981, 995, 1010, 1038, 1042, 1057, 1105, 1125 Leptodlossus sp. (a leaf-footed bug) 156, Leptoglossus clypealis 117 Leptoglossus aieiiogie (leaf-footed bug) ‘Leucania latiuscula (an armyworm) 378 Leucaspis loewi (a scale) 895, 897 Leucinodes orbonalis (an eggplant Tuit borer) 609 ; Ligyrus gibbosus (carrot beetle) 419 eid, B88, 705 : , 2 Limax aqrestis (a slug) 602 Timonius californicus (sugar-beet wireworm) 386, 517 Limonius canus (Pacific Coast wireworm) To ane Limothrips denticornis (thrips) 646 Linogqnathus setosus (dog sucking louse) Linognathus vituli (long-nosed cattle louse) 5, 98, 168, 254, 262 Linsleya sphaericollis (a blister beetle) Liorhyssus hyalinus (a corizid) 146 Liothrips vaneeckei (lily bulb thrips) 188 Liposcelis sp. (a pscocid) 964 Liriomyza spp. (serpentine leaf miners) 126, 225, 305, 511, 518, 545, 568, 622, 626, 632, 648, 654, 676, 680, 713, 744, 797, 820, 865, 978, 1117 5 Lirtomy2s scutellata ee i) Lissorhoptrus simplex (rice water weevi 27, 53, 187, 223, 455, 674 Listroderes costirostris obliquus 8, 24, 54, 90, 133, 154, 166, 187, 224, 253, © 270, 295, 305, 323, 336, 342, 363, 385, 412, 416, 437, 465, 467, 493, 495, 520, 545, 910, 1007, 1035, 1086, 1089, Se A Listronotus oregonensis (carrot weevi 387, Ted Lithocolletis sp. (a leaf mained) ae Lithocolletis crataegella 121, 7 Lithocolletis tremuloidiella 892 Litoprosopus coachella (caterpillar) 916 Lixus concavus (rhubarb curculio) 310, Lobiopa insularis (a nitidulid) 28, 363 388, 575, 714 za Longistigma caryae (giant hickory aphid) Longitarsus waterhousei (a mint flea etle 5 Loxaqrotis albicosta (western bean cut- worm) 159, 745, 771, 842, 921 Loxostege sp. 649, 942, 1005 oe commixtalis (alfalfa webworm) , D16, 622, 649, 676, 816, 862, 905, 924, 1056 eck similalis (garden webworm) 33, 116, 145, 179, 198, 232, 258, 278, 284, 369, 393, 419, 427, 439, 445, 470, 501, 511, 528, 537, 557, 591, 619, 657, 705, 739, 765, 793, 815, 838, 842, 866, 928, 956, 1123, 1124 Loxostege sticticalis (beet webworm) Bi, 461, 528, 543, 599, 627, 743, 778, 961, 1057, 1059 Luperodes brunneus (corn silk beetle) 686, 5, 1086 Lyctus epost powder post beetles) 370, 0: Lyctus planicollis (southern lyctus beetle) 196, 1, 1087 Lydella grisescens (European corn borer parasite) 722 i Lygidea mendax (apple red bug) 16 Lygus Spe (ygus bugs) 116, 148, 198, 260, 409, 457, 485, 549, 568, 595, 739, 793, 801, 827, 838, 845, 866, 891, 908, 933, 975, 1058 Lygus desertus 97, 1070 Lyqus elisus 97, 409, 457, 485, 648, B01, 908, 911, 958, 1048, 1070, 1116, 1118 Lygus hesperus 97, 145, 148, 658, , 748, 793, 824, 958, 1070 ‘ 1116, wae Lygus lineolaris (tarnished plant bug) 53, Dolo (mason col 2Geu 2 7s 293, 318, 320, 337, 3 58 382, 405, 430, 433, 457, 485, 539, 543, 568, 572, 595, 600, 623, 625, 648, 675, 682, 707, 711, 717, 739, 745, 766, 796, 815, 821, 838, 866, 885, 904, “ ae oat et 1033, eas 1104 ymire edwardsii (a wasp moth) 1083 Lytta nuttallii (Nuttall blister beetle) Macrodactylus subspinosus (rose chafer) 95, 172, 195, 580, 596, 608, 635, 660, 1013 Macronoctua onusta (iris borer) 803, I, 963, 1087, 1122 Macropsis ulmi (a leafhopper) 871 Macrosiphum barri (an aphid) 146, 187 Macrosiphum dirhodum (a rose grass aphid) 580 Macrosiphum granarium (English grain aphid) 13, 23, 97, 146, 175, 185, 198, 222, 235, 260, 283, 309, 315, 328, 333, 356, 380, 403, 454, 481, 509, 536, 567, 592, 619, 673, 736, 767, 791, 837, 1058, 1070, 1103 Macrosiphum pisi (pea aphid) 23, 28, 31, 34, 43, 52, 96, 116, 119, 187, 78, 198, 199, 232, 250, 268, 284, 291, 309, 317, 328, 335, 355, 361, 376, 385, 405, 410, 429, 434, 456, 461, 483, 489, 511, 517, 538, 544, 567, 573, 593, 598, 621, 622, 647, 674, 707, 737, 765, 792, 862, 885, , 924, 940, 957, 974, 988, 1005, 1012, 1018, 1033, 1041, 1048, 1056, 1070, 1088, 1103, 1116, 1120, 1124 Macrosiphum rosae (rose aphid) 417, ae 75, 469, 602 rR (ee) ailic Macrosiphum solanifolii (potato aphid) a5 395, 411, 464, 490, 515, 542, 572, 598, 626, 652, 713, 744, 772, 796 Macrosteles fascifrons (six-spotted eafhopper) 33, 45, 119, 180, 198, 199, 235, 356, 406, 414, 430, 457, 516, 574, 613, 626, 681, 819, 868, 885, 924, 1073, 1103 Magicicada septendecim (periodical cicada Malacosma spp. 122, 606, 720, 1118 Malacosoma americanum (eastern tent caterpillar) 14,16, 134, 173, 194, 252, 270, 321, 339, 345, 360, 365, 390, 440, 459, 468, Q 487,/496, 513, 550, 1012, 1122 Malacosoma disstria (forest tent cater- Mmspllar) 0S milo s2201025s201% Bis, 274, 275, 324, 390, 408, 417, 440, 468, 521, 550, 571, 578. 1087 Malacosoma fragilis 149,210, 551, 607 Malacosoma pluviale (western tent cater- pes) ) 024, 390, 408, 417 63 Mamestra configurata (bertha army- worma0 464 2 Manruta elingue (a phalaenid) 1131 er’ Mansonia urbans (mosquito) 325, 994 OST TET : : Margarodes sp. (a ground pearl) 149, 677 1 Margarodes meridionalis (a ground pearl) 382, 1022 Matsucoccus resinosae (a pine scale) FT NOLO RL apie Megacyllene robiniae (locust borer) TI7, 850, 992 .Megalopyge spp. 1009 Megalopyge opercularis (puss cater- TIED) 871, 915, 1125 Megamelus proserpina (taro leafhopper) Megaselia spp. (phorid flies) 875 Melanagromyza simplex (asparagus miner) 1 Melanchroia cephise (a geometrid) 580 Melanocallis caryaefoliadblack pecan aphid) 5 » 960, 976, 1117 Melanophila californica (flatheaded borer) Melanophila fulvoguttata (hemlock borer) Melanoplus spp. (grasshoppers) 53, 54, 179, 234, 281, 285, 333, 351, 3' ? ? 811, 835, 859, 881, 955, 1102 Melanoplus angustipennis (a grasshopper) Melano ms bivittatus 120, 197, 231, 259, 5 1 , 402, 421, 443, 451, 479, 505, 530, 563, 564, 612, 614, 6177 643, 669, 695, 725, 733, 761, 789, 796, 811, 835, 859, 881, 933, 939, 1058, au Tare ae Melanoplus borealis 701, 7 Melanoplus confusus 451, 505,“589, 701 Melanoplus cuneatus 377 Beat us devastator (devastating grass- Opper)7 ( Melanoplus differentialis (differential grasshopper) 51, 197, 231, 238, 351, 377, 402, 425, 451, 479, 505, 530, 533, 563, 589, 614, 617, 643, 669, 695, 702, 733, 761, 789, 795, 811, 812, 835, 859, 881, 901, 1058, 1103, 1123 Melanoplus femur-rubrum (red-legged grasshopper) 8, 31, 120, 19%, 231, 304, 333, 351, 377, 402, 438, 451, 505, 563, 589, 612, 613, 617, 643, 669, 702, 725, 738, 761, 796, 811, 835, 845, 859, 881, 901, 939, 955, 971, 985, 1008, 1031, 1058, 1070, 1103, 1105 Melanoplus mexicanus (lesser migratory grasshopper) 31, 120, 197, 259, » 333, 351, 377, 402) 425, 451, 479; 480, 505, 533, 563, 572, 589, 613, 617, 618, 627, 643, 669, 682; 701, 733, 761, 789, 267, 351, 377, 402, 421, 438, , 881, 901, , 971, 985, 1003, 1031, 1058, 1070, 1103, eee a Melanoplus occidentalis 4 Melanoplus packardii (Packard grass- eae ooce > 095, 859, 1070, 1105 Melanotus spp. (wireworms) 230 Melanotus communis 7, 114 Meligethes nigrescens (a nitidulid) 767, 1 Meligethes seminulum 119 Melissopus latiferreanus (filbertworm) ? a Melittia cucurbitae (squash vine borer) , moods 80, 710, 745, 771, 798, 819, 868, 1013 Melophagus ovinus (sheep ked), 16, 420, 4, qe, ee ue eee Meromyza americana (wheat stem maggot) 613, 705 Meromyza pratorum 97 Metatetranychus Citri (citrus red mite) 44, 108, 243, 278, 293, 339, 360, 434, 513, 597, 679, 818, 864, 1050 Metatetranychus ulmi (European red mite) 10, 16, 116, 138,°195, 241, 270, 3: 338, 359, 383, 408, 432, 459, 487, 513, 541, 570, 596, 623, 649, 678, 708, 740, 778, 794, 816, 839, 863, 886, 906, 1005, 1012, 1071, 1117 Metator pardalinus (a grasshopper) 1047 Metriona sp. (a tortoise beetle) 544 Metriona bicolor ‘(golden tortoise beetle) To 2 i) 2S Miccotroqus picirostris (a weevil) 198, 594, 622 Microtheca ochroloma (yellow-margined leaf beetle Mindarus abietinus (balsam twig aphid) 174 Mineola scitulella (a moth) 339, 795 Mineola vaccinii (cranberry fruitworm) 1 Miris dolabratus (meadow plant bug) Mocis spp. (grassworms) 278, 303, 508, 791 Mocis latipes 327, 399 Mocis repanda 134, 169 Monarthropalpus buxi (boxwood leaf ine) us 325, 1008, 1122 Monellia caryae 597 Monellia costalis (black-margined aphid) 146, 571, 1117 nee Monomorium pharaonis (Pharaoh an 189, 784, 1023 Monophadnoides geniculatus (raspberry Sawfly) 518, 545 Monsteira unicostata ( i gig) Peele Mordwilkoja vagabunda (poplar vagabon: aphid) 1059 Morrisonia confusa Senne Me Murgantia histrionica (harlequin bug 11, 33, 172, 862, 435, 462, 516, 599, ee 798, 821, 843, 909, 961, 1 % Musca domestica (house fly) 35, 142, 5 , 297, 311, 420, 580, 721, 803, 827, 873, 893, 915, 948, 1014, 1022, 1074, 1104, 1118, 1125, 1130 Muscina stabulans (false stable fly) 525 Myelois venipars (navel orangeworm) 45 Myochrous denticollis (leaf beetle) 176 Myzocallis sp. (aphids) 131, 647, 904 Myzocallis coryli 122, 433 Myzocallis kahawaluokalani (crape- myrtle aphid) 1 Myzocallis trifolii (yellow clover aphid) can f AD NG 90, th 131, 145, 1 , 792, 861, 884, 903, 923, 940, 957, 987 (see also spotted alfalfa aphid). Myzocallis ulmifolii (elm leaf aphid) 749, 1059 eL Myzus cerasi (black cherry aphid) 121 261, 269, 821, 513, 542, 571, 623, 650, 1071 Myzus persicae (green peach aphid) , 24, 20, 54, 96, 109, 120, 133, 139, 146, 166, 189, 224, 272, 293, 295, 305, 319, 322, 358, 361, 386, 409, 413, 433, 464, 490, 493, 513, 519, 546, 570, 575, 625, 652, 654, 682, 683, 714, 746, 773, 796, 821, 845, 889, 926, 989, 990, 1007, 1034, 1041, 1125, 1130 Myzus solani (foxglove aphid) 652 Nabis ferus (a damsel bug) 804, 873, 1119 Nacerda melanura (wharf borer) 473, Soe ees Sub (red-legged ham beetle) al Nematus ribesii (imported currantworm) 2 OOO Nematus ventralis (willow sawfly) 441 Nemocestes sp. (a weevil) 822 Neoborus amoenus (ash plant bug) 261, , Neoborus illitus 365, 521 Weoconocephalus triops (a katydid) 1010 Neodiprion spp. (pine sawflies) 34, 56, 208, 206, 211, 214, 216, 297, 365, 417, Te ee a sais abietis (balsam fir sawfly ? ? a7 Neodiprion americanus 140, 1122 Neodiprion exitans, 214 Neodiprion lecontei (red-headed pine sawfly) 91, 238, 274, 549, 578, 605, 633, 688, 720, 777, 802, 825, 849, 871, 891, 930, 992, 1052, 1087 Neodiprion nanulus (red-pine sawfly) 195, 274, 467, 549 Neodiprion pinetum (white-pine sawfly) Sete O78 Neodiprion pratti pratti 1122 Neodiprion sertifer (European pine sawfly 117,211; 274, 365, 467, 496 Neodiprion tsugae (hemlock sawily) 217 Neolecanium Sel (magnolia scale 141, » 607 Neolygus caryae (a plant bug)571 Neolyqus quercalbae 487, 5/1, 624 Neomyzaphis abietina (spruce aphid) 205 ‘Neophasia menapia (pine butterfly) 149, 208, 210 Neoprociphilis aceris (a-woolly aphid) BEI Neorhynchocephalus sackenii (a nemes- trinid) 894 Nephelodes emmedonia (bronzed cut- worm 2 Nepticula sericopeza (a miner) 607 Neuroterus saltatorius (a gall wasp) 123 “Neurotoma fasciata (a sawfly) 365 Nezara viridula (Southern green stink- bag) 134, 169, 227, 304, 945, Nilotaspis halli (Hall scale) 382, 959 Nodonota puncticollis (rose leaf beetle) aa aie asl ? Nomia melanderi (an alkali bee) 98 Nomophila noctuella (a webworm) 53, 198, 352, 378, 400, 406 Notolo: as antiquus (rusty tussock moth) Nymphalis antiopa (mourning-cloak utterfly) 690, 720 Nysius spp. 234, 539, 1116 Nysius ericae (false chinch bug) 179, EPomea 653, 860, 921, 1006, Nysius raphanus 653 fe) Oberea bimaculata (raspberry cane borer 261, 518, 655, 868 Oberea myops 552, 1036, 1066 Oberea tripunctata (dogwood twig borer) 1 -18- Odonaspis ruthae (a grass scale) 304 Cecaninis spp. (tree crickets) 683, 714 Oecanthus nigricornis quadripunctatus four-spotted tree cricket) 8, 519, 546 Oecanthus niveus (snowy tree cricket) 465 Oedaleonotus enigma (a grasshopper) ee BED, 753, 850 D p Oedionychis interjectionis (a flea beetle) 1 Qestrus ovis (sheep bot fly) 142 Oligonychus aceris (a mite) 777 ligonychus bicolor 750 Oligonychus mangiferus 370 Oligonychus milleri 6 Oligonychus pratensis 92, 260, 569, Oligonychus ununguis (spruce spider mite), 15, tai, 522, 1013 Omphisa anastomosalis (sweetpotato vine borer) ee Oncideres cingulata (twig girdler) 962, eG 8, 10 in gg Oncideres rhodosticta 1037 Ophion sp. (a cutworm parasite) 345 Orius insidiosus (a flower bug) 915 Orthotylus sp. (a plant bug) 551 Oryzaephilus surinamensis (saw-toothed grain beetle) 48, 56, 64, 97, 180 237, 298, 420, 526, 894, 932, 964, 1009, 1023, 1105, 1107 Oscinis sp. (a frit fly) 98 Otobius lagophilus 47 Otobius megnini (ear tick) 325, 472, 691, 751, 803, 932, 979, 1074 Oxycarenus hyalinipennis (a cotton seed bug » a4 P ‘Pachybrachius sp. (a lygaeid) 296 Pachypsylla celtidis-mamma (hackberry nipple gall) 93 Pachyzancla bipunctalis (southern beet webworm) 10; Pachyzancla phaeopteralis 303, 620, Paleacrita vernata (spring cankerworm) 17, 194, 252, 407, 416, 440, 459, 468, 551, 1012, 1057 Panaphis juglancis (an aphid) 122, Panchlora cubensis (Cuban roach) Et eLO LS. Pandemis albaniana (a moth) 95 Pandemis pyrusana 121 Pantomorus spp. 931 Pantomorus godmani (Fuller rose etle) 11, 226, 387, 931, 977, 1087 Pantomorus taeniatulus 931, 1087 Papaipema nebris (stalk borer) 7, 15, 173, 200, 498, 508, 535, 566, ae 592, 597, 620, 683, 1012 Papilio cresphontes (orange-dog) UK aa Paraleucoptera albella (a blotch leaf miner) 930, 1073 Paratetranychus mai Wiferus, (see Paratetranychus milleri (see : Se Qligonychus Paratetranychus pratensis (see Oligonychus Paratetranychus unungis (see Ligonychus) Paratrioza cockerelli (potato psyllid, tomato psyllid) 33, 147, 154, 261, 411, 436, 463, 490, 515, 542, 573, 625, 651, 682, 712, 744, 773, 796, 819, 887, 909, 976, 1057, 1059, 1073 Parlatoria crotonis 1114 Parlatoria oleae (olive scale) 154, 294, 678, 818, 907, 1019, 1122 Paromius lonqulus (a 1 Fgink boll 883 ) Pectinophora gossypiella (pink bollworm Er. 63, 167, 323, Bag, 393, 438, 466, 524, 547, 576, 604, 656, 686, 749, 776, 801, 824, 890, 928, 946, 1021, 1024, 1035, 1118 Pediculapsis graminum (a mite) 986 Pediculus humanus Capitis (head louse) 325 ' Pegomya hyoscyami (spinach leaf miner) & G4, 56, aus 543, 600, 681 egomya rubivora (raspberry cane maggot) 465 Pemphigus sp. (a root aphid) 1051 Penphiaus bursarius 865 emphigus populi-transversus (a gall ap sa) 154, 1059 Pentatrichopus fragaefolii (strawberry aphid) 121, 225, 296, 388, 437, 492, 1035 ( Penthaleus major (winter grain mite) 23; 43,50, 158, 185, 221, 247, 272, 334, 353 Pepsis formosa (a tarantula hawk) 722 Peridroma margaritosa (variegated cut- worm) 7, 27, 31, 52, 95, 109, 114, 120, 157, 169, 172, 178, 190, 198, 224, 227, 228, 232, 256, 258, 269, 277, 290, 294, 299, 310, 326, 336, 346, 347, 348, 352, 368, 369, 378, 392, 400, 412, 418, 427, 444, 454, 470, 480, 500, 507, 527, 538, 556, 588, 602, 610, 611, 637, 662, 663, 693, 694, 708, 724, 739, 755, 756, 782, 783, 808, 829, 854, 855, 874, 896, 918, 1040, 1121 is : Periphyllus lyropictus (Norway-maple aphid) 98, 521, 579, 634, 660, 720, 750 5 Periphyllus nequndinis (boxelder aphid) Petrobia latens (brown wheat mite) I, 61, 97, 163, 166, 185, 221, 247, 265, 284, 289, 316, 328, 333, 353, 402, 428, 455, 537, 566, 582, 619, 648, 653, 673, 738, 922, 940, 956, 986, 1003, 1032, 1070 Petrova spp. (pitch twig moths)’ 606 Petrova albicapitana 194 Petrova comstockiana (pitch twig moth) 720 Phenacaspis pinifoliae (pine needle Scaich T17, 195, 441, 496, 606, 918, 946, 962, 1059, 1074, 1118 Phenacoccus aceris (a mealybug) 512, 8, 1101 Phenacoccus gossypii (Mexican mealy- _ bug 1 Phigalia titea (ageometrid) 365 Philaenus leucophthalmus (meadow Spittlebnd) 9, 18, 96, 116, 136, 178, 291, 309, 311, 317, 337, 356, 363, 381, 406, 430, 437, 457, 485, 510, 539, 595, 602, 708, 838, 1012, 1014, 1019, 1040, 1088, 1122 Phlibostroma quadrimaculata) ( a grass- Roneen) 1047 Phloeosinus sp. (a beetle) 34, 149, 217 Phloeosinus rubicundulus 123 Phloeosinus sequoiae 123 Phoebis philea G sulfur butterfly) 1022 Pholus achemon (achemon sphinx) 679 907 Phormia regina (black blow fly) 472 Phorodon humuli (hop one 544, 889 Phryganidia californica (California oakworm) 390, 520, 689, 913, 991, 1052 __ - = Phyllocoptruta oleivora (citrus rust mite) 514, 597, 679, 943, 959 Phyllophaga sp. (white grubs) 61, 107,114, > 278, 283, 299, 348, 455, 509, 741, ae 1117 yuo Phyllotreta albionica (a flea beetle 1 Phyllotreta cruciferae 322, 341, 362, 385, 651, er, 743, 844, 865 Phyllotreta striolata (striped flea beetle) ee on Phylloxera notabilis (pecan leaf phylloxera) 641 Phylloxera vitifoliae (Gree phylloxera) 710. 111; 2 2 1 2 Physokermes piceae (spruce bud scale) Saar ee , Phytomyza sp.. 522, 579 Phytomyza ilicis (holly leaf miner) 522 -Phytophega destructor (hessian fly) » 175, 200, 284, 308, 353, 428, 458, 509, 536, 567, 593, 646, 708, 767, 813, 837, 956, 986, 1040, 1047, 1121 Phytoptus avellanae (tilbert bud mite) 5 Pieris prods (southern cabbageworm) , 04, 199, 261, 294, 322, 1, 362, 385, 410, 435, 462, 489, 516, 543, 574, 599, 628, 653, 680, 711, 743, 771, 822, 843, 864, 888, 977, 1013, 1035, 1041, 1124 Pikonema alaskensis (yellow-headed Spruce sawfly) eae 213 Pilocrocis tripunctata (sweetpotato Teaf roller) 28, 977 Pineus piplifoliae (a pine leaf aphid) 1, 2 Pineus similis 171 Pineus strobi (pine bark aphid) 174, . 365, 468, 496, 688, 930 Pissodes approximatus 310 Pissodes nemorensis (deodar weevil) Seen 1 Pieris rapae ie orted cabbageworm) 11 34 (2) Pissodes strobi (white pine weevil) 174, 195, 212, 216, 345, 468, 520, 777, 849, 930 Plagiodera versicolora (imported willow leaf beetle) 523 Plagionathus albatus (a plant bug) 551 Planococcus citri (citrus mealybug) 864 Plantia fimbricata (a pentatomid) 949 ‘Plathypena scabra (green cloverworm) 33, 53, 131, 138, 179, 186, 233, 256, 269, 292, 318, 336, 357, 376, 401, 459, 471, 537, 544, 568, 623, 648, 676, 739, 745, 765, 770, 793, 797, 815, 821, 838, 842, 862, 866, 884, 904 : eee wae fone 1041, ae Platyedra vilella (cotton stem mot 171, 181, 396, 578 Platynota sp. 109, 146, 437 Platynota nigrocervina (a leaf roller) 1111 ? ‘Platynota rostrana_ 907 Platynota Stultana 45, 145, 148, 305, 320, , 578, 625, 632, 650, 680, 687, 717, 749, 801, 941, 956, 1048 Platyptilia carduidactyla (artichoke plume moth) 155, 436, 990 Platysenta sutor (a cutworm) 516 Plectrodera scalator (cottonwood borer) SEaTLOCOs Pleocoma minor (a rain beetle) 96 Plodia interpunctella (Indian-meal moth) 134, 181, 237, 779, 852, 873, 1009, 1083, 1105, 1125 Plutella maculipennis (diamondback moth) 149, 5 , 462, 543, 602, 628, .865 ‘Pnyxia scabiei (potato scab gnat) 33 Poaosesia syrinyae (a borer) 144 Pogonomyrmex barbatus (red harvester ant Polistes spp. (wasps) 965 Pollenia rudis (cluster fly) 278, 949, muse ater Ooa tea Polychrosis viteana (grape berry moth) See s0os 679, 795, 887, 976, 1072 Popillia japonica (Japanese beetle) 7 15 (7, 145, 171, 275, 482, 522, , 892, 914, 931, 995, 1013, 1036, 1089, 1122 Porosagrotis vetusta (a cutworm) 415 Porthetria dispar (gypsy moth) 15,1’, I, 213, 215, 274, 416, 440 Prays oleellus (a moth) 692 Prionoxystus sp. (a carpenterworm) 1052 Prionoxystus macmurtrei (little car- penterworm) 237 Prionus sp. 606 Prionus californicus (California prionus) 512, 959, 1071, 1118 -19- Priophorus mOrio (a raspberry sawfly) Pristiphora erichsonii (larch sawfly) 193, 212, 256, 469, 496, 719, 777 Prociphilus:-frdxinifolii (an aphid) 660 Prodenia spp. (armyworms) 278, 708, 737, 957, 972, 986 Prodenia dolichos 134, 169, 227 Prodenia eridania (southern armyworm) 169, 7 304, 928, 961, 979, 1006, 1086 Prodenia latifascia ae A Prodenia ornithogalli (yellow- stripe: armyworm) 53, 134, 147, 180, 5, 27 905, 909, 928, 942, 957, 1070, 1085, 1123, 1124 Protoparce spp. 14, 139, 148, 387, 413, 654, 684, 694, 713, 744, 774, 797, 822) 829, 849, 869, 889, 909, 946, Protoparce quinquemaculata (tomato horn- worm), 8, 54, 180, 348, 369,392 444, 470, 492, 500, 519, 527 ? 611, 637, 662, 663, 693, 694, 724, 725, 755, 756, 782, 783, 808, 329, 854, 855, 874, 896, 918, 934, 950, 967, 980, 996, Protoparce sexta (tobacco hornworm) 8, 134, , 306, 371, 392, 413 438, 444, 470, 500, 527, 529, 530, Psallus seriatus (cotton fleahopper) 55, 148, 236, 364, 389, 415, 439, 467, 495, 548, 576, 605, 631, 657, 687, 717, 748, 776, 800, 1118 Pseudaletia unipuncta (armyworm) 10, 12, 15, 27, 32, 43, 52, 61, 95, 99, 114, 131, 134, 136, 153, 7, 169 9 896, 918, 934, 950, 967, 980, , 1011, 1012, 1025, 1026, 1039, 1040, 1055, 1056, 1068, e 1084, 1085, saree 1121 Pseudaonidia paeoniae (a peony scale) 914, 3 Pseudaulacaspis pentagona (white peach scale) 141, 913, 963, 1082, 1087 Pseudocneorhinus bifasciatus (a weevil) Ta yCOUReo ane Pseudococcus spp.(mealybugs) 818 Pseudococcus comstocki (Comstock mealybug Pseudococcus juniperi (a juniper mealy- bug) 363 Pseudococcus maritimus (grape mealy- bug) 96, 294, 360, Pseudohylesinus sp. (a beetle) 204 ee pruninosus (a bark eetle Pseudoplusia rogationis (a looper) 28 Sila rosae (carrot rust fly) 120, 602, 910 ? , 4, , 500, 529, 530, 546, 556, 575, 583, 610, Psorophora sp. (a mosquito) 498 Psorophora ciliata 391 Psorophora ferox 226, 525 Psorophora howardii 839 Psorophora varipes 525 Psoroptes equi v., ovis (sheep scab mite) 276, 298, 894, 994, 1083, 1131 Psylla buxi (boxwood psyllid) 551, 1122 Psylla floccosa 993 Psylla pyricola (pear psylla) 293, 320, 5 , 383, 409, 460, 570, 678, 741, 769, 795, 863, 925 Pterocomma sp. (an aphid) 963 Pterocomma smithae 979 Ptinus fur (white-marked spider beetle) “T56, 1131 Ptinus ocellus 1131 Pulvinaria floccifera’ 826, 1013 Pulvinaria imumerabilis (cottony maple f scale) ep 803, 933, 947 Pulvinaria psidii (green shield scale) Puto sp. (a mealybug) 1073 Pyralis farinalis (meal moth) 181 Pyrausta nubilalis (European corn borer) 8, 12, 15, 17, 30, 53, 67, 94, 107, 113, 136, 173, 176, 186, 196, 232, 248, 249, 260, 281, 309) 315, 333, 351, 376, 5 881, 888, 901, 911, 921, 939, 955, 971, 985, 1003, 1017, 1031, 1040, 1063, 1065, 1085, 1102, 1120, 1129, roderces rileyi (a caterpillar) 957 R Ramosia bibionipennis (strawberry OTA eLy meh Cie 1035, 1072 Recurvaria milleri (lodgepole needle miner Reduvius personatus (masked hunter) SS ynetice, Reticulitermes sp. (a termite) 581, 1060 Reticulitermes flavipes (eastern sub- terranean termite) 169, 174, 327, 370, 1014, 1042, 1125 Reticulitermes hesperus 255 Reticulitermes virginicus 636, 1084, 12 oe Rhagoletis cingulata (cherry fruit fly. Cherry maggot) 121, 309, 513, 541, 1059 Rhagoletis completa (walnut husk fly) 742; B19, 864, 907, 926, 943, 1020, 1034, 1050, 1111 Rhagoletis fausta (black cherry fruit f , 542 y) I, 309 Rhagoletis pomonella (apple maggot) 6, 116, 172, 195, 309, 571, 596, 649, 677, 708, 741, 768, 817, 886, 926, 959, 1012, 1104 Rhinacloa sp. (a Deer 148 Rhipicephalus sanquineus (brown dog ae fick) 140, 098-651, 932, 1008, 1014, 1022, 1067 Rhizoecus sp. 1053 Rhizoecus falcifer (ground mealybug) 98, 986, 1053 Rhizoglyphus echinopus (bulb mite) 275, 325, e35 Rhodobaenus tredecimpunctatus cocklebur weevil) 82 Rhopalosiphumfitchii (apple Cee aphid) 10, 247, 252, 269, 395, 407, 460, 482, 511, 673, 767, 1032 Rhopalosiphum maidis (corn leaf aphid) 33, 43, 52, 116, 146, 185, 198, 247, 265, 283, 289, 315, 403, 428, 538, 566, 620, 621, 645, 672, 704, 735, 763, 791, 813, 837, 861, 882, 903, 940, 972, 1004, 1031, 1047, 1056, Ce 1063, 1070, 1073, 1103, 1il Rhopalosiphum poae 431, 480 Eiepales iti runifoliae, See i) oo he Rhopalosiphum pseudobrassicae (turnip aphid) 7 4oyels3s , end, 771, 927, 945, 976, 990, 1051 Rhopalosiphum subterraneum 91 Opobota naevana (black-headed fire- worm) 96, 710, 841 He ees ilicifoliana 123, Rhyacionia buoliana (European pine Shoot moth) 212, 216, 274, 310, 441, 468, 497, 550, 606, 633, 659, 848, oer ‘ Rhyacionia frustrana (Nantucket pine moth) 56, 63, 140, 215, 216 227, 238, 606, 912, 946, 1007 1122 Rhyacionia rigidana (pine tip moth) 215 Rhyncaphytoptus ficifoliae (a fig rust mite) 864 pp ulmivagrans 825 hyzopertha dominica (lesser grain borer) 47, 56, 64, 122, 526, 658, 1107 Romalea microptera (eastern lubber grasshopper) 307, 488 Ss Scaphoideus luteolus (a leafhopper) 117 Scaphytopius sp. (a leafhopper) 941 ‘Scirtothrips citri (citrus thrips) 146, ae 31, 339 Scolytus spp. 205 Scolytus multistriatus (smaller . European elm bark beetle). 34, 117 141, 188, 213, 238, 275, 285, 345, 390, 417, 468, 520, 849, 962, 978, 1013, 1122 Scolytus quadrispinosus (hickory bark _ beetle) 117 Saissetia nigra 307, 979 Saissetia oleae (black scale) 45, 864, 1019, 1051 Salebria afflictella (a webworm) 720 Samia cecropia (see Hyalophora cecropia) Sanninoidea exitiosa (peach tree borer) 10, , 121, 138, 142, 236, 252, 309, 597, 678, 709, 742, 840, 887, 926, 1006, 1071, 1123 Saperda calcarata (poplar borer) 261 Saperda Candida (roundheaded apple tree borer) 487 Saperda tridentata (elm borer), 34, 523 Sappaphis foeniculus (an aphid) 1112 Sarcophaga aldrichi (a parasite) 192, » 495, 609, 612 Schistocerca americana (American grass- hopper) 304, 505, 669 Schistocerca sp. 702 Schistocerca lineata 761 Schizura concinna (red-humped caterpillar) 44,926, 947, 1020 Schizura ipomoeae 1034 Scolytus rugulosus (shot-hole borer) 597, 975, 1086 Scolytus ventralis (fir engraver) 209, 802 Scotmophora lurida (a pentatomid) 965, Scutellista cyanea (a parasite) 994 Scutigerella immaculata (garden centipede) 4, 97, 713, 928, 1007 Selenothrips rubrocinctus (red-banded thrips D Sesamia cretica (a stem borer) 276 Sibine stimulea (saddleback caterpillar) 5 > Simulium spp. (black flies) 1014, 1125 Simulium venustum 442, 472 Sipha flava (yellow sugarcane aphid) aa 28, 303, 380 + iphona irritans (horn fly) 14, 35, 57, 98, 122, 149, 262, 275, 285, 307, 311, 366, 391, 419, 442, 472, 498, 525, 580, 608, 635, 658, 691, 721, 750, 827, 872, 893, 932, 948, 964, 979, 993, 1074, 1089, 1104, 1119 Sitona sp. 354, 380, 404 Sitona cylindricollis (sweetclover weevil) 31, 97, 119, 197, 233, 251, 317, 336, 355, 381, 404, 430, 457, 484, 509, 587, 568, 595, 622, 646, 675, 706, 767, 792, 924, 941, 958, 988, 1057, 1070, 1103 - 20- Sitona explicita 336 Sitona hispidula (clover root curculio) anny, “oT 116, 136, 179, 233, 251, 268, 317, 336, 354, 381, 404, 458, 484, 537, 568, 595, 622, 988, 1019, 1041, 1081, 1125 Sitona lineata (pea leaf weevil) 119, 268, 342, 361, ae 537, 738, or Sitophilus granarius (granary weevi 48, 143, 155, $98, 420, 964 Sitophilus oryza (rice weevil) 8, 26, 29, Sa, 143, 237, 526, 813, 921, 932, 981, 1009 Sitotroga cerealella (Angoumois grain mo ,» 29, 56, 110, 142, 174, Fal 526, 852, 873, 981, 995, 11 Sminthurides bifidus (a springtail) 612 Smittia sp. (a midge) 295 Smittia alterima 187 Solenopotes capillatus (a cattle louse) 5, 262, 1008, 1053, 1115 Solenopsis sp. 324 Solenopsis geminata (fire ant) 108 olenopsis saevissima v. richteri CGimported fire ant) 27 Solenopsis xyloni (southern fire au) ee Solubea pugnax (rice stink bug) Oe 353, 402, 428, 509, 568, 620, 673, 767, 791, 814, 837, 860, 883, 903, 922 Spaelotis clandestina (w-marked cutworm) 00 Spaelotis havilae 581, 917 Spanogonicus albofasciatus (a fleahopper) 148, 536, 631 Sparganothis sulfurana(a tortricid) 176, 11 hecius speciosus (cicada killer) 694 SAR faite , 1042 ; Spilonota ocellana (eye-spotted bud moth 21, 338, 433, 487, 931 Spissistilus festinus (three-cornered alfalfa hopper) 28, 52, 145, 337, 485, 510, 540, 568, 594, 622, 647, 674, 707, 738, 766, 792, 815, 839, 862, 885, 905, 924, 941, 958, 974, 987, 1019, 1033, 1048, ae Stegasta bosquella (red-necked peanut- worm , 038, 596, 675, 707, 738, 767, 793, 839 Steiro 5 SPP- (a shield-backed cricket) 5 1 Stenocorus inquisitor (a cerambycid) 1008 ‘Stenotus binotatus (a plant bug) 1071 Stephanitis sp. 141, 962 Stephanitis pyri 394 Stephanitis pyrioides (azalea lace bug) II » 02a, 872, 993 Stephanitis rhododendri (rhododendron lace bug Stephanopachys cae (a powder post- poetic) 8 Sterrha bonifata (a geometrid) 658, 1119 viet bubalus (buffalo treehopper) Fela Stilpnotia salicis (satin moth) 122, 274, 633, 659 Stomoxys calcitrans (stable fly) 35, bas. 310, 311, 420, 552, 658, 691, 751, 779, 915, 948, 1074, 1104 Strymon melinus (eorton square borer) ’ 2 Supella supellectilium (brown-banded roach) 26, 57, 98, 190, 851, 893, 948, 1010, 1084, 1125 s horomyia hirta a snipe fly) 1074 Seenthedon ictipes (lesser peach tree Bores 116. 138, 172, 309, 359, 371, 487, 571, 597, 709, 958, 1006, 1081 Syntomeida epialis (an oleander cater- Say Stena blanda(pale-striped flea beetle) 7, 508, 626, 764 x Systena taeniata 714 T Tabanus spp. (horse flies) 122, 311, 932, 948 Tabanus americanus 932, 948 Tabanus atratus (black horse fly) 608, g 25 Tabanus calens 1053 Tabanus carolinensis 391 Tabanus equalis Tabanus lineola (striped horse fly) 608, 932, 948 Tabanus mularis 608 Tabanus sonomensis 722 Tabanus sulcifrons 691 Tachypterellus quadrigibbus (apple curculio, Taeniothrips inconsequens (pear thrips) 121, 270, h 1071 2. Taeniothrips simplex (gladiolus thrips) , 1 t Taniva albolineana (spruce needle miner), 1 Tapinoma melanocephalum (an ant) 227 Targionia sacchari (a sugarcane scale) 304, 1018 f } Tarsonemus pallidus (cyclamen mite 96, 121, 196, 437, 492, 683, 773, 868 Telmatoscopus albipunctatus (a drain fly) 930 2 Tenebrio molitor (yellow mealworm) i. eee 2 Jencbris sbecurus (dark mealworm) 101 Tenebroides mauritanicus (cadelle) 56, . oeAeS USS oe ae é Tetanops myopaeformis (sugar beet roo! maggot) 413, 461, 517, 543, 574, 599 Tetraleurodes sp. (a white fly) 1082 Tetralopha spp. (webworms) 871 Tetralopha melanogrammos 720 Tetralopha robustella (pine webworm) 140, 194, 307, 310, 688, 1022 Tetralopha scortealis (lespedeza web- worm , 905 Tetranychina apicalis (a spider mite) 22, 287, 292, Tetranychus spp. (spider mites) 29, 54, 55, 62, 296, 390, 738, 794, 800, 816, 991, 1086, 1130 Tetranychus atlanticus (strawberr Spider mite) 494, 524, 628, 632, 711, 738, 767, 770, 776, 815, 991, 1126 Tetranychus bimaculatus (see Tetrany- SEECRUSt(elaiciis Tetranychus canadensis 744, 1071, 1074 Tetranychus desertorum 296, 342, 361, Tetranychus medanieli 1071 Tetranychus pacificus (Pacific mite) 1020 Tetranychus schoenei 10, 138, 433, 744, 929, 991 Tetranychus sexmaculatus (see Eotetrany- chus sexmaculatus) Tetranychus telarius (two-spotted spider ? ? 689, 719, 749, 778, 826, 850, 871, 892, 914, 929, 1036, 1042, 1087, 1122 Thyrillus pacificus (a grass bug) 97 ‘Tibicen linnei (a cicada) 784 Tinea fuscipunctella (a tineid) laa Tinea pellionella (casemaking clothes moth) 110, 255 Tipula sp. (a leather jacket) 268 Tomaspis bicincta (a spittlebug) 922 Tomostethus multicinctus (brown-headed ash sawfly ,Tortistilus inermis (a treehopper) 431, ibe Ose: Tortrix ivana (a celery tortricid) 516 Torymus druparum (apple seed chalcid) Toumeyella sp. 963 Toumeyella liriodendri (tuliptree scale) 141 .Toumeyella numismaticum (pine tortoise F scale) 194, 212, 310, 467, 497, Toumeyella pinicola 1052 Toxoptera aurantii (black citrus aphid) Toxoptera graminum (greenbug) 3, 23, 61, 30, 107, 153, 163, 185, 221, 247, 265, 283, 289, 315, 328, 333, 356, 380, 403, 453, 814, 972, 1003, 1017, 1031, 1056, 1064, 1085 Toxo} a curvicauda (papaya fruit y) 30' Trachyphloeus bifoveolatus (a weevil) 122 Trachyrhachis kiowa (a grasshopper) 733 Trialeurodes sp. (a whitefly) 549 Trialeurodes abutilonea 148, 865 Trialeurodes packardi (strawberry whitefly) 492 Trialeurodes vaporariorum (green- house whitetly) 683, 872 Triatoma spp. (conenose bugs) 525 ‘Triatoma protracta 721 Triatoma Sanguisuga (bloodsucking conenose 5, 552, 658, 691, 751, 327 - 21 - Triatoma uhleri 525 Tribolium spp. 420, 526, 1023 Tribolium castaneum (red flour beetle) 47, 48, 97, 237, 779, 827, 1009 Tribolium confusum (confused flour beetle) 29, 56, 64, 237, 779, 827, 964, 1083 Trichobaris trinotata (potato stalk borer) BRT Trichoplusia ni (cabbage looper) 11, 14, 62, Ea E00, {46, 149, 199, 278, 305, 306, 362, 386, 413, 462, 489, 546, 549, 574, 577, 628, 632, 653, 683, 684, 711, 717, 743, 771, 798, 800, 821, 825, 843, 848, 865, 870, 888,:891, 910, 927, 928, 945, 961, 977, 990, 1006, 1051, 1117, 1118, 1124 Tres ye brevipes (a plant bug) . ? 6 Trimerotropis pallidipennis (a grass- hopper)’ 150, ia Trioza tripunctata (a psyllid) 978 Trogoderma granarium (khapra beetle) i 150, oe, 325, 804 Trogoderma grassmani (a dermestid) Trogoderma parabile 118, 189, 692 Trogoderma sternale plagifera 723 Trogoderma versicolor , 1054, 1060 Siyehias Stephensi (clover head weevil) al loderma fragariae (strawberry crown > orer 54, 798 ‘Typhaea stercorea (a fungus) 827, 1083 Py oc ba pomaria (white apple leaf- paceenh 886 ee vphlieyre rosae (rose leafhopper) 96, , LOVE Jeet americanus (a cereal mite) U Udea rubigalis (celery leaf tier reenhouse leaf tier) 169, 169, 93, 419, 445, 471 Umbonia crassicornis (a treehopper) ee le) Unaspis euonymi (euonymous scale 141, , 579, 914, 931, 1122 Urbanus proteus (bean leaf roller) Thier 385, 842, 944, 960, 977, 989, 1053, 1066 Utetheisa bella (bella moth) 134 Vv Vanessa caryae (an angle-wing butter- fly) Tet Vasates cornutus (peach silver mite) B , 309, 768, 839, 1071 Vasates fockeui 95, 121, 261, 359, 650, 741, 769, 1071 Vasates lycopersici (tomato russet mite) 7, 120, 133, 139, 147, 180, 253, 310, 542, 573, 712, 745, 772, 796, 819, 866, 909, 927, 1072, 1124 Vasates quadripedes (maple bladder gall mite) % paeenly ey) Vasates schlechtendali (apple rust nite) lc La mite Vespa crabro germana (giant hornet) a GER 979, 993, 1038, 1068, Vespamima Les (pitch mass borer) Virachola livia (a lycaenid) 66 Ww Walshia amorphella (an indigo gall moth) 1004 Wohlfahrtia opaca (a sarcophagid) 1074 Wyeomyia mitchelli (a mosquito) 325 Wyeomyia vanduzeei 325 x Xyleborus sp. (a scolytid) 965 Xyleborus morstatti 992, 1052 Xyletinus peltatus (an anobiid beetle) 1131 Pa (a gooseberry borer) Zz Zootermopsis angusticollis (a termite) 169, 1042 oe ss. a fF Sposa ny Kad eae al ? S N S * = aes - ae = 2 LIWS Saluvu¥gi7_LIBRARIES SMITHSONIAN INSTITUTION NOILNLILSNI NVINOSHLIWS S S| N ae saiuvugi7. 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