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Its contents are compiled from information supplied by cooperating State, Federal, and industrial entomologists and other agricultural workers. In releasing this material the Division serves as a clearing house and does not assume responsibility for ac- curacy of the material. Reports and inquiries pertaining to this release should be mailed to: Plant Pest Survey Section Plant Pest Control Division Agricultural Research Service United States Department of Agriculture Washington 25, D. C. Volume 8 July 4, 1958 Number 27 COOPERATIVE ECONOMIC INSECT REPORT Highlights of Insect Conditions GRASSHOPPERS moving to crops in Idaho and New Mexico. Troublesome in areas of California. Counts reduced in western Kansas counties by control program, (p. 577). EUROPEAN CORN BORER eggs as far north as Muskegon-Bay City line in Michigan. Feeding heavy on central Iowa corn. Pupation complete and some emergence in several States. (p. 578). ARMYWORM damaging in Illinois, Kansas and Nebraska; larval counts high in Kansas. (p. 579). CHINCH BUG heavy in Texas and Oklahoma. (p. 579). CORN EARWORM continues to increase in Alabama and is heavy in Oklahoma. (p. 579). Damaging beans in North Carolina. (p. 588). CLOVER SEED WEEVIL reported in Illinois for first time. (p. 582). PLUM CURCULIO very abundant in North Carolina peaches. (p. 584). COLORADO POTATO BEETLE more abundant in Idaho than in past years. (p. 586). Fourth POTATO PSYLLID survey in Colorado, Wyoming and Nebraska. (p. 586). STRIPED CUCUMBER BEETLE abundant and damaging in Several States. (p. 587). SQUASH BUG numerous in areas of Oklahoma and New Mexico. (p. 587). MEXICAN BEAN BEETLE moderately damaging to beans in Delaware and abundant in South Carolina. (p. 587). BEET LEAFHOPPER becoming active on tomatoes in southern Idaho. Curly top increasing in Utah. (p. 588). ; TARNISHED PLANT BUG moderate on Alabama cotton and light to heavy generally over delta counties of Mississippi. (p. 590). Court decision announced on GYPSY MOTH case, Long Island, New York. Survey in Pennsylvania. (p. 591). CORRECTIONS. (p. 595). ADDITIONAL NOTES. (p. 593). INSECTS not known to occur in the United States. (p. 597). FORO IO RK aA SI I GK aK Reports in this issue are for the week ending June 27, unless otherwise designated. 576 WEATHER BUREAU 30-DAY OUTLOOK JULY 1958 The Weather Bureau's 30-day outlook for July calls for temperatures to average above seasonal normals in the southern half of the country from tle Rockies to the Atlantic. Below normal temperatures are anitcipated in the Plateau region and also in states along the northern border from the Great Lakes to the Pacific. In areas not specified temperatures should average not far from normal. Rainfall is expected to exceed normal in the Upper Mississippi Valley, Northern Plains and Pacific Northwest. Near normal amounts are pre- dicted over New England, the Great Lakes region, the Central Plains and the Gulf and South Atlantic Coasts. In the remainder of the nation subnormal rain- fall is in prospect. Weather forecast given here is based on the official 30-day "Resume and Outlook", published twice a month by the Weather Bureau. You can subscribe through Superintendent of Documents, Washington 25, D. C. Price $4.80 a year, $2.40 a half year. WEATHER OF THE WEEK ENDING JUNE 30 Temperatures for the week, featured by a record-breaking cool snap for late June in the mid-Continent area, averaged below and above normal east and west of the Continental Divide, respectively. The cool snap occurred June 24 to 27 as cold air from Canada, pouring in behind an extensive area of low pressure centered over the Great Lakes, covered all the Nation except the extreme South-— west. Lowest temperatures ranged from the 50's in Texas and the lower Mississippi Valley to the 30's and 40's near the Canadian Border. New record lows for so late in June were reported from scattered points throughout the Mississippi Valley and Great Plains, and many stations in Texas recorded their lowest on record for the month of June on the 26th and 27th. A low of 25° occurred at Pactola Dam, S. Dak., and damage to gardens and beans in the State occurred in spotted areas. Bemidji, Minn., recorded 27° on the 23d, but no crop dam- age was reported from that State. Unseasonably cool weather has now prevailed for 2 months in the Northeast, and early figures indicate the coolest June on record at several northeastern stations. These stations include New Haven and Hartford, Conn., and Providence, R. I. At Philadelphia, Pa., the June average of 67.8° was the lowest since 1907. Most of the week's rainfall occurred along the leading edge of cold air as it moved across the Nation. Totals, although varying greatly in short distances, generally ranged from 1/2 to 2 inches from the eastern Great Plains to the Atlantic coast and in scattered sections of the Northwest. Many local thunderstorms produced 3 to 6 inches, but heavy rains did not occur over extensive areas as in previous weeks and no serious flooding developed. Flood waters at most points along the White and Wabash Rivers in Indiana had receded by the end of the week, leaving farmers with the problem of replanting. Rains of the past week still did not bring enough moisture to some extreme north central areas. Wisconsin reports that the soil generally is too dry and that most streams and lakes are low. Moisture is short in southeastern South Dakota, northern North Dakota, and northeastern Montana. Precipitation in the dry areas of Montana and North Dakota for the period January 1 to June 30 remains about 50 percent of normal. Severe thunderstorms with dam- aging hail developed in many northern areas along the leading edge of cold air which produced the midweek cool snap, but no outstanding single storm was reported. Severe windstorms occurred in the central Columhia and Snake River Basins of Oregon on the 23d, and high winds in California on the 29th measured 75 m.p.h. at Point Reyes, and 44 m.p.h., in gusts at the San Francisco Airport. (Summary supplied by U. S. Weather Bureau). 577 CEREAL AND FORAGE INSECTS GRASSHOPPERS - NEVADA — Nymphs extremely heavy in Pahranagat Valley, Lincoln County, and damaging alfalfa and corn. (Bunker, June 20). SOUTH CAROLINA - Unusually numerous on permanent pastures near Clemson. (Nettles et al.) MONTANA - Grasshoppers and crickets present in large numbers in at least 7 areas of northern Cheyenne Indian Reservation. Northeastern counties infested with Melanoplus bivittatus and M. bilituratus. (PPC, West. Reg., May Rpt.). WYOMING - Hatching observed in many sections of State during May. Infestations that were heavier than in 1957 were observed in Goshen and Platte Counties, May 21. (PPC, West. Reg., May Rpt.). IDAHO - M. bilituratus, mostly fourth instar nymphs, 35 per square yard moving from wasteland to adjacent wheat field margins in Michaud Flats area near American Falls. (Gittins). Camnula pellucida, largely third instar, up to 200 per square yard in small area near Moyle Springs, Boundary County. (Portman). OKLAHOMA - Averaged 3-10 per square yard generally on rangeland and roadsides in southwestern counties. Light general damage to crop margins. (Hudson, Hatfield). Generally very light, 2-5 per square yard, in northeastern range area. Melanoplus spp. and Mermeria sp. predominant forms. (Coppock). UTAH - Several areas of abundance in Uintah, Duchesne, Grand, Emery and San Juan Counties. Damaging gardens in several locations. (Knowlton). TEXAS -— Heavy in Sherman County, attacking grass and sorghums. (Goule). CALIFORNIA - M. devastator heavy, migrating across highway for several miles each side of Sloughhouse area, Sacramento-Amador County line. Heavy damage to dryland pastures, Menlo Park area, San Mateo County. In Stanislaus County, averaged 35 per square yard in Salida area, about 90 percent M. devastator and 10 percent Oedaleonotus enigma. High numbers on ditch banks and drainage canals, San Joaquin County. Controls begun. No nymphs of Camnula pellucida in Alpine County area treated in 1957. (Cal. Coop. Rpt.). MINNESOTA - Hatching and development in western and central districts delayed by cool weath- er. Nymphs of M. bivittatus mostly first and second instars, some third and fourth, Clay, Wilkin, Pope and Stearns Counties. Ranged from less than 5 to 20 per square yard along margins and roadside ditches. M. femur-rubrum hatch confined to occasional favored location, eggs from eye-spot to full development. (Minn. Ins. Rpt.). MISSOURI - Spotted, common along field margins throughout northwest area, with O-16 per square yard. No crop damage observed. (Kyd, Thomas). NEW MEXICO - Leaving dry ranges, moving into crops in Luna County. Heavy damage in spots. Damaged alfalfa and grain near Isleta, Bernalillo County. (N. M. Coop. Rpt.). KANSAS - Cooperative Federal-County control program about 85 percent complete in western counties. Roadsides treated by air in 6 counties and by ground equipment in 12 additional counties. Federal and State highways and railroad right-of-ways included in program. Roadside counts reduced from highs of 250 per square yard to less than 5. Untreated roadsides, lanes, fence rows, etc. Still range to 90 per square yard but ‘gen- erally 30-60. M. bivittatus, M. bilituratus, and Aeoloplides turnbulli dom- inant species. “Range-Teeding Species generally averaged 90 per Square yard with Aulocara elliotti and Phlibostroma quadrimaculatum the dominant species with many Other species making up the range complex. Feeding on range grass readily observed, but heavy growth of range cover overshadows damage in most areas. Heavy flight on June 26. Threatening to severe in most areas in north central counties, often throughout whole fields of alfalfa and wheat. Damage to corn along field margins where no controls have been applied. Averaged 15-45 per square yard in this area, M. bivittatus and M. differentialis the dominant species, with fewer numbers of M. bilituratus. (Matthew). MORMON CRICKET (Anabrus simplex) - UTAH - Reportedly hatched in Forchea Mountains, Piute County. (Knowlton). BILLBUGS - SOUTH CAROLINA - Caused some severe localized damage, Clarendon County. Outstanding results noted in control in Clarendon, Williamsburg, Horry and Florence Counties. Estimates in Florence County indicate 50 percent of corm acreages infested and that 25 percent of crop will be lost to this insect. (Nettles et al.). 578 EUROPEAN CORN BORER (Pyrausta nubilalis) - MASSACHUSETTS - Moths and first eggs, June 9. (Wheeler). NEW JERSEY - Borers have hatched but eggs still being laid in Burlington County area June 17. (Ins. Dis. Newsl.). PENNSYLVANIA - Newly hatched larvae on corn tassels, Northampton and Lehigh Counties. (Menusan) . MARYLAND - First-brood egg-laying about complete. Infestation generally light. Some large fields on Eastern Shore 30-60 percent infested. (U. Md., Ent. Dept.). VIRGINIA - Severe on corn on 3-4 farms, Northumberland County. (Saville). Damaged corn in Franklin County, but large numbers of parasitic wasp cocoons present. (Rowell, Tucker). ALABAMA - First-generation larvae continue destructive in corn in northern part of State. Most are full-grown but no pupae have been observed. A larva collected in a Randolph County garden plot on June 22 is first for this county. (Guyton). WISCONSIN - Hatching begun in Grant, Crawford and Rock Counties. Infestations light on advanced field corn and market sweet corn. About 40 percent hatched. (Wis. Coop. Sur.). MINNESOTA - Moth emergence approximately 75 percent in southern half of State. Cool weather has restricted moth activity and egg counts remain low, highest was 24 egg masses per 100 plants in a field of early corn in Rock County. Most averaged 0-4 egg masses per 100 plants. (Minn. Ins. Rpt.). MICHIGAN - Laying eggs as far north as the Muskegon-Bay City line. Corn development is late. (Hutson, June 20). ILLINOIS - Pupation complete throughout State, moth emergence complete except in northern 2 tiers of counties where it varies from 50-75 percent. Generally borers are more noticeable in west side of State than on east. Egg-laying practically complete in western section north of St. Louis. Egg-laying still low in northwestern section, coid nights have prevented moth flights and egg-laying. Egg-laying just beginning in northe eastern section. (Ill. Ins. Rpt.). INDIANA - Corn 36 inches tall averaged one infested plant per 100 in northern area. Fifty-four inch corn in Newton County averaged 3 infested plants per 100. Larvae in first instar. No egg masses found. (Gould). IOWA - Development delayed by cool weather. In central third of State feed- ing ranged 28 percent on 36-inch corn to 96 percent on 40-50 inch corn, with 2-8 first-instar larvae per plant and 10-36 unhatched egg masses per 100 plants. In northern third of State feeding ranged 0-80 percent on 30-40 inch corn with 6 first-instar larvae per plant and 0-40 unhatched egg masses per 100 plants. (Iowa Ins. Inf.). MISSOURI - In central area emergence, egg-laying and hatch completed, larvae mainly third instar, range first to fifth. Some entering stalks of earliest planted corn. In northwest, emergence is 95 percent complete. Cool weather slowed egg-laying but egg masses averaged 10-36 per 100 stalks. Larvae in first to third instars. (Kyd, Thomas). ARKANSAS - Larvae pupating, numerous in northeast, east and southeast areas. Moth emergence anticipated July 5-10. (Ark. Ins. Rpt.). OHIO - Pupation completed, emergence and oviposition extremely slow. Egg masses per 100 plants were 4 at Columbus, June 17; 2 at Marietta, June 18; 3 at Milan and 2 at Toledo, June 18; 5 in Putnam County, June 24. All on earliest sweet corn in each area. (Triplehorn). OKLAHOMA - In sweet and dent corn, Payne County, and sweet corn at Bixby, Tulsa County. First generation about 30 percent pupated at Bixby. (Arbuthnot). NORTH DAKOTA - Pupation complete in southeastern section. Some moth emergence in Richland County. (N. D. Ins. Rpt.). SOUTH DAKOTA - Egg masses averaged 59 per 100 plants with 37 percent of plants showing shothole injury in southeast area. Larvae, predominantly first instar, averaged 310 per 100 plants. In east central area egg masses averaged 24 per 100 plants with 2 percent of plants showing injury. First-instar larvae averaged 15 per 100 plants. (Hantsbarger). BLACK CUTWORM (Agrotis ypsilon) - DELAWARE - Caused noticeable damage to sweet corn near Bridgeville. (Conrad). VIRGINIA - Catches of adults unusually high in light trap on the Eastern Shore. (Morris). COLORADO - Appearing in light traps in Baca County. (Exp. Sta.). 579 ARMYWORM (Pseudaletia unipuncta) - DELAWARE - Heavily damaged approximately 20 percent of first 4 rows of corn adjacent to rye, central Sussex County. (Conrad). PENNSYLVANIA - Usually spotted in hilly areas, Fayette County. Not migrating. Not expected to be serious. (Udine). VIRGINIA - Attacks on nearly mature rye on the Eastern Shore. (Hofmaster). Medium on small grain and corn in one area of Bland County. (Mallory). Severe in corn and timothy in 2 Smyth County locations. (Eller). OHIO - Destructive numbers appeared in num- ber of fields in Butler County, in early June. (Flake). ILLINOIS - Damaged small grain and grass in scattered spots throughout State, particularly in northwest. As many as 12 per square foot have been reported. (I11. Ins. Rpt.). MISSOURI - Parasites, predators and diseases have almost eliminated problem in extreme northwest area. (Kyd, Thomas). MINNESOTA - No reports of damage. Few moths taken in light traps at Fergus Falls. Pupae observed in Otter Tail County. (Minn. Ins. Rpt.). NORTH DAKOTA - Few larvae in barley and wheat, some locations in southeastern section. (N. D. Ins. Rpt.). SOUTH DAKOTA - Scattered reports of non-economic larval infestations from Union, Clay and Haakon Counties. (Hantsbarger). KANSAS - Continued to damage wheat and down barley in north central fields. Up to 80 per square foot in localized areas under lodged heavy plant growth. Some movement from small grain to corn-and sorghum. (Marvin). CHINCH BUG (Blissus leucopterus) - PENNSYLVANIA - Few on corn, Northampton and Lehigh Counties. (Menusan). SOUTH CAROLINA —- Seriously affecting several small corn fields, Saluda County. (Nettles et al.). OKLAHOMA —- Heavy on corn, sorghum and Bermuda grass in eastern section, lighter in extreme north~ east. (Coppock, Washum). TEXAS - Heavy in Kaufman County, attacking corn and grain sorghum. (Davis). A COLASPIS (Colaspis sp.) - MISSOURI - Widely scattered infestations continued to damage small corn, soybeans and grain sorghums in central and northeastern areas. All severe infestations in fields which were in lespedeza in 1957. (Kyd, Thomas). TENNESSEE - Larvae damaged few soybeans and young corn fields in western part of State. (Mullett). CORN EARWORM (Heliothis zea) - NEW JERSEY - One egg found in examining 50 silks in sprayed field in Burlington County June 18. (Ins. Dis. Newsl.). DELAWARE - Increased in early field corn, western Sussex County. Small numbers in Kent County alfalfa. (Conrad). MARYLAND - Larvae in whorls of early sweet corn at McGinnis. (U. Md., Ent. Dept.). VIRGINIA - Damaged peanuts in Sussex County (Amos, Parson) and feeding on whorls of corn in many fields over State (Morris). NORTH CAROLINA - Averaged less than one egg per silk on sweet corn at Faison, Duplin County. (Farrier). SOUTH CAROLINA - Numerous in Pee Dee area. (Nettles et al.). ALABAMA - Continued to increase in northern and southern areas. Seriously attacked 300 acres of corn in Coffee County. Almost 100 percent of ears of early maturing corn damaged in north central part of State. (Grimes). IOWA - Eggs on fresh corn silks in Muscatine County. (Iowa Ins. Inf.). OKLAHOMA - Heavy in east central and northeastern sections, except extreme northeastern counties. Damage severe to sweet corn in Bixby area, Tulsa County, and eggs averaged 40 per silk mass. Up to 9 larvae per corn ear noted. (Walton, Coppock). TEXAS - Occurring on grain sorghum heads. (Randolph). CORN LEAF APHID (Rhopalosiphum maidis) - ALABAMA - Spotted in Elmore and Bibb Counties. (Grimes). IOWA — Few on corn in central area, and reported on grain sorghum in Taylor County. (Iowa Ins. Inf.). WISCONSIN - Has built up large colonies on barley in some locations. (Wis. Coop. Sur., Jume 20). NORTH DAKOTA - Mixed with English grain aphid in small grain fields throughout southeastern area. Non-economic, but increased over preceding week. (N. D. Ins. Rpt.). SOUTH DAKOTA - Small colonies appearing on eastern corn and sorghum. (Hantsbarger). 580 CORN ROOT APHID (Anuraphis maidi-radicis) - MARYLAND - Light to moderate on field corn, Kent and Charles Counties. (U. Md., Ent. Dept.). CUTWORMS - MASSACHUSETTS - Continued destructive in many alfalfa fields. (Wheeler, June 20). WISCONSIN - Damage to late-planted sweet corn con- tinued, but appeared to be light in most fields. (Wis. Coop. Sur.) DUSKY SAP BEETLE (Carpophilus lugubris) - DELAWARE - Increased in sweet and field corn, Sussex County. (Conrad) . FALL ARMYWORM (Laphygma frugiperda) - ALABAMA - Increased in corn through- out southern and central areas. Has been very destructive to all corn crops this year. (Ruffin). LOUISIANA - Light, scattered on corn in Caddo and Bossier Parishes. (Spink). FLEA BEETLES - OKLAHOMA —- Seriously damaged young broomcorn, Garvin County. (Henderson). Some damage to late-planted corn and sorghums in eastern counties. (Coppock). ILLINOIS - Chaetocnema pulicaria averaged 2-3 per corn plant in southern part of State. (TI1. Ins. Rpt.). TENNESSEE - Various species heavily -injured young corn fields in western area. (Mullett). GARDEN WEBWORM (Loxostege similalis) - KANSAS - In eastern area alfalfa fields and moderate to severe webbing in many fields where not controlled. (Burkhardt). MISSOURI - Heavy damage continued to small corn, soybeans and alfalfa over southwest area. Very light numbers on these crops in northwest area. (Kyd, Thomas). ARK.’ - Numerous in alfalfa, considerable damage sever-— al areas. (Ark. Ins. Rpt.). TEXAS - Numbers decreasing in alfalfa. (Randolph). LOUISIANA - Drastic decline on alfalfa, Caddo and Bossier Parishes. Some infestations on corn and soybeans in Concordia Parish. (Spink). JAPANESE BEETLE (Popillia japonica) - DELAWARE - Single specimen found on field corn, New Castle County, and several observed feeding on more advanced soybeans, Kent County. (Conrad). NORTH CAROLINA - Adults injured soybean and corn on several farms in Craven and Pamlico Counties. (Jackson, Jones). Adults emerged in Guilford County. (Farrier). WEST VIRGINIA —- Adults appearing in southern counties. (W. Va. Ins. Sur.). SLUGS - PENNSYLVANIA - Rain and cool weather have been favorable for slug injury which is quite heavy and general on corn in southern half of State. (Pepper). SORGHUM WEBWORM (Celama sorghiella) - TEXAS - Building up in grain sorghun, first generation pDupating. (Randolph). SOUTHERN CORNSTALK BORER (Diatraea crambidoides) - ALABAMA - Damage moderate in Etowah County. (Ruffin). SOUTHWESTERN CORN BORER (Zeadiatraea grandiosella) - OKLAHOMA —- First gen- eration pupation approximately 75 percent at Bixby, Tulsa County. (Arbuthnot). ARKANSAS - Larvae pupating in Pulaski, Lonoke and Jefferson Counties. Second-generation emergence anticipated July 5-10. (Ark. Ins. Rpt.). LOUISIANA - Light on corn in Caddo and Bossier Parishes. Majority in pupal state. (Spink). SUGARCANE BEETLE (Euetheola rugiceps) -—- NORTH CAROLINA - Injured corn in scattered areas with 10 percent loss to 5 acres in Bladen County. (Whaley, Farrier). YELLOW-STRIPED ARMYWORM (Prodenia ornithogalli) - TENNESSEE - General, although not heavy in western part of State. (Mullett). 581 SUGARCANE BORER (Diatraea saccharalis) - LOUISIANA - Second-generation larvae in first, Second and third instars heavy on corn at Crowley. Eggs and small larvae extremely light at Simmesport. From 45-88 percent of first-generation larvae in sugarcane have pupated and 12-50 percent have emerged. Number of second-generation young larvae increasing. (Spink). BROWN WHEAT MITE (Petrobia latens) - UTAH -— Moderate to sometimes severe in some grain fields, Juab, Tooele, Salt Lake and Box Elder Counties. (Knowlton) . ENGLISH GRAIN APHID (Macrosiphum granarium) - WISCONSIN - Appear to be diminishing in small grain in Dodge County. (Wis. Coop. Sur.). MINNESOTA - Continued high in many fields in northwest district, some reduction in individual fields. Populations vary greatly, 8-250 per linear foot of row. Predators continue low. Few fields have been treated. (Minn. Ins. Rpt.). SOUTH DAKOTA - Heavy on small grains, principally oats, throughout eastern area. Up to hundreds per plant in some fields. (Hantsbarger). NORTH DAKOTA - Non-economic in most southeastern small grain fields. (N. D. Ins. Rpt.). IDAHO - Apparently building up in wheat fields near Genesee, Latah County. (Smith). UTAH - Generally scarce on barley and wheat throughout most of State. (Knowlton). NEVADA - Developing economic populations 2-3 weeks earlier than in previous years. Cool weather has been favorable for this increase. High, several wheat fields, Pershing, Churchill Counties. (Bechtel et al., June 20). SAY STINK BUG (Chlorochroa sayi) - IDAHO - General throughout central and eastern areas. Most abundant in Twin Falls area, eastern Jerome County and north of Preston. Egg clusters abundant in some fields. (Gittins). STINK BUGS — ALABAMA —- Nezara viridula heavy on soybeans and other crops in Baldwin County. (Grimes). NEW MEXICO - Building up rapidly in most crops throughout State. Light on grain in Taos, Rio Arriba, Bernalillo and Santa Fe Counties. Averaged 8 per sweep in wheat at Estancia, Torrance County. (N. M. Coop. Rpt.). ARIZONA — Adults averaged 2-5 per 10 sweeps in Graham and Pinal Counties. (Mendenhall, June 19). NEVADA - Have developed extremely heavy populations on native vegetation in most areas of State. Now moving to cultivated crops. (Bechtel, June 20). ALFALFA LOOPER (Autographa californica) - UTAH - Common, occasionally numerous, in alfalfa, Weber and Box Elder Counties. (Knowlton) . ALFALFA WEEVIL (Hypera postica) - MASSACHUSETTS - Collected from additional 27 towns, now in 10 counties. Noticeable damage in 2 fields. (Wheeler, June 20). PENNSYLVANIA - Five fields infested in Fayette County near West Virginia border. New county. Retarding second-cutting in Mifflin County. (Udine). Decrease in southeast area. (Menusan). IDAHO - Has caused below normal damage generally throughout eastern part of State. (Gittins). UTAH - Serious in unsprayed Wasatch County fields. Severe to moderately severe over most of Uintah and Duchesne Counties. (Knowlton). BLISTER BEETLES - SOUTH DAKOTA - Epicauta fabricii continues heavy, up to 30 per 10 sweeps, in alfalfa in some areas. (Hantsbarger). VIRGINIA - Caused spotted, localized damage to alfalfa near Lexington, Rockbridge County. (Woodside). Medium on alfalfa in one area of Grayson County. (Simpson). CLOVER LOOPER (Caenurgina crassiuscula) — CALIFORNIA - Heavy in alfalfa plantings in Fresno area, Fresno County. (Cal. Coop. Rpt., June 20). 582 CLOVER SEED WEEVIL (Miccotrogus picirostris)- ILLINOIS - Collected near Fulton, Whiteside County, June 4. First record for State. (I11l. Ins. Rpt.). CLOVER ROOT CURCULIO (Sitona hispidula) - IDAHO - Averaged 3-4 larvae per red clover root near Nampa. (Waters). A CLOVER WEEVIL (Hypera meles) -— RHODE ISLAND - Larvae more abundant than usual in alfalfa fields. (Kerr). FALSE CHINCH BUGS (Nysius spp.) - UTAH - Serious in alfalfa in some areas. Nymphs abundant in many areas. (Knowlton). TEXAS - Heavy in several areas of west and central parts of State. (Garner). LESSER CLOVER LEAF WEEVIL (Hypera nigrirostris) - CALIFORNIA - Heavy on mixed green pastures at Woodfords, Alpine County, along with an aphid, Macrosiphum sp. (Cal. Coop. Rpt.). LYGUS BUGS (Lygus spp.) - PENNSYLVANIA - L. lineolaris up to 4 per sweep in alfalfa in southwestern part of State. (Udine). LOUISIANA - Lygus lineolaris light to moderate in alfalfa in Caddo and Bossier Parishes. (Spink). SOUTH DAKOTA - Up to 40 per 10 sweeps in alfalfa in southeast and east central areas. (Hantsbarger). UTAH —- adults and nymphs num- erous in alfalfa fields, Duchesne and Uintah Counties. (Knowlton). TEXAS - averaged 3-7 per 5 sweeps in alfalfa. (Randolph). NEW MEXICO - Building up rapidly in alfalfa throughout State. Considerable damage to seed alfalfa in four counties. (N. M. Coop. Rpt.). ARIZONA —- Damaged alfalfa in Graham and Pinal Counties. (Mendenhall, June 19). MEADOW SPITTLEBUG (Philaenus leucophthalmus) - ILLINOIS - Adults very abundant in legumes in northern area; as many as 100 per sweep. (111. Ins. Rpt.). VIRGINIA - Heavy on alfalfa in Grayson County. Averaged 5-12 per plant in one field. (Simpson). PEA APHID (Macrosiphum pisi) -— MINNESOTA - Continued high in alfalfa in south central, southwest and west central districts. (Minn. Ins. Rpt.). ILLINOIS — From 220-3200 per 100 sweeps in alfalfa and clover over the State. (I11. Ins. Rpt.). SOUTH DAKOTA - Cool weather favoring high pop- ulations in many areas; 100 per sweep. (Hantsbarger). NEVADA - Generally moderate to heavy in alfalfa in most areas of State, particularly northern half. Controls applied in some areas. (Bechtel, et al., June 20). NEW MEXICO - Moderate in most alfalfa in northern area. (N. M. Coop. Rpt.). POTATO LEAFHOPPER (Empoasca fabae)-— PENNSYLVANIA - Increasing in southeast area. (Menusan). Less than 1 per sweep in Fayette. Few nymphs. (Udine). ILLINOIS - Nymphs appearing in alfalfa in southern half of State. Adults average 137 per 100 sweeps in west southwest section. (I1l. Ins. Rpt.). MARYLAND - Continues light. (U. Md., Ent. Dept.). SPOTTED ALFALFA APHID (Therioaphis maculata) - TENNESSEE - Light in Knox County. (Hammett). OKQAHOMA - Extremely low in east central and north- eastern counties. (Coppock). TEXAS - Medium to heavy, up to 200 per sweep. (Randolph). SWEETCLOVER APHID (Myzocallidium riehmi) - IDAHO - Throughout Boundary County. (Portman). NORTH DAKOTA - One seedling sweetclover field has 100 percent infestation of 6-8 aphids per plant in Ransom County. (N. D. Ins. Rpt.). THREE-CORNERED ALFALFA HOPPER (Spissistilus festinus) - TEXAS - Averaged 5-25 per 5 sweeps in alfalfa. (Randolph). LOUISTANA - Light generally in blooming alfalfa, Caddo and Bossier Parishes. (Spink). 583 VETCH BRUCHID (Bruchus brachialis) - TEXAS - Emerging from combined vetch. Infestation 25-50 percent in untreated fields. Fair to good control obtained by application of insecticides. (Randolph). BEAN LEAF BEETLE (Certoma trifurcata) - MINNESOTA - Checks in Mankato area, Blue Earth County, indicate high populations in many soybean fields. Feeding heavy on fields adjacent to alfalfa, defoliation up to 80 per- cent in many fields. (Minn. Ins. Rpt.). RED-NECKED PEANUTWORM (Stegasta basqueella) - OKLAHOMA - Second-generation larvae appearing in all peanut fields checked, Payne and Caddo Counties. (Walton). THRIPS - SOUTH CAROLINA - Affected peanut foliage in Florence area. (Nettles et al.). ALABAMA —- Frankliniella fusca medium on peanuts. (Kden, June 7). TEXAS - Frankliniella sp. damaged peanuts in Anderson, Grimes County. (Stephenson). NORTH DAKOTA - Averaged one adult per stem in barley, southeastern section. (N. D. Ins. Rpt.). NEW MEXICO - Gen- erally heavy in alfalfa over State. (N. M. Coop. Rpt.). MEXICAN BEAN BEETLE (Epilachna varivestis) - DELAWARE - Feeding on soy- beans, southwestern Sussex County. (Conrad). NORTH CAROLINA - Injured soybeans on several farms, Pamlico County. (Jones). A CHINCH BUG (Blissus leucopterus insularis) - MISSISSIPPI - Very num- erous on St. Augustine grass on lawns, Pearl River County, and a serious pest in Jackson County. (Merkl et al.). EUROPEAN CHAFER (Amphimallon majalis) - NEW YORK —- In light flights since June 18 in earliest locations, majority still larvae and pupae in later areas of wet soil or heavy vegetation. Heavy adult flights not expected until first or second week of July in western part of State. (Tashiro). SOD WEBWORMS (Crambus spp.) - ARIZONA - Damaged dichondra and lippia lawns in Phoenix area. (Mendenhall, June 19). OKLAHOMA - Damaging golf greens in several northern cities. Averaged one larva per square inch at Stillwater. (Howell). KANSAS -In localized areas in Cloud and Trego Counties. (Marvin). WHITE GRUBS (Phyllophaga spp.) - KANSAS - Continued damage to bluestem range in flint hill area of Wabaunsee, Geary, Pottawatomie and Riley Counties. New infestations found in Osage County. Averaged 7-8 per square foot in infested areas. Dead spots in range increased in size from 5 acres to 10-12 acres. Grubs still near surface, no evidence of pupation. (Burkhardt). 584 FRUIT INSECTS APPLE APHID (Aphis pomi) - MASSACHUSETTS - Increasing rapidly on apples. (Wheeler, June 20). MICHIGAN - Becoming noticeable especially on water shoots at Coloma, South Haven and Grand Rapids. (Hutson, June 10). INDIANA - Continue abundant on apples in Vincennes area. (Hamilton). NEVADA - Moderate to heavy populations on apple in Reno-Sparks area, Washoe County. (Gallaway, Ting, June 20). VIRGINIA - Prevalent in northern area apple orchards; about normal for time of year. (Hill). APHIDS - UTAH - Monellia costalis and M. caryae damaging pecan foliage in area of Washington County and Chromaphis juglandicola serve on walnut foliage at Moab, Grand County. (Knowlton). IDAHO - Myzus cerasi common on cherry trees in Bingham County. (Bishop). VIRGINIA - Quite heavy populations of Anuraphis roseus were present earlier in northern area apple orchards. More than usual control required. (Hill). WHITE APPLE LEAFHOPPER (Typhlocyba pomaria) - MASSACHUSETTS - More numerous than usual in orchards. eeler, June 20). CODLING MOTH (Carpocapsa pomonella) - NEW MEXICO - High percentage of "wormy"' apples in untreated orchards in Bernalillo, Sandoval, Rio Arriba, Taos, De Baca, Lincoln and Otero Counties. (N. M. Coop. Rpt.). WISCONSIN - Infestation light to medium in Door County orchards. (Wis. Coop.Sur.. ). RED-BANDED LEAF ROLLER (Argyrotamia velutinana) - WISCONSIN - Populations range from light to medium in Door County orchards. (Wis. Coop. Sur.). EYE-SPOTTED BUD MOTH (Spilonota ocellana) - WISCONSIN - Medium to heavy infestations of 4-5 instar Larvae in Door County orchards. (Wis. Coop. Sur.). FRUIT TREE LEAF ROLLER (Archips argyrospila) - NEW MEXICO - Caused extensive damage to apple foliage near Taos, Taos County. Most caterpillars now pupated and heavily parasitized. (N. M. Coop. Rpt.). WISCONSIN - Populations light to medium in Door County orchards. (Wis. Coop. Sur.). ORANGE TORTRIX (Argyrotaenia citrana) - OREGON - Infestations causing some loss -to untreated boySenberries and raspberries. (Rosenstiel). CALIFORNIA - Light on apples in Watsonville area of Santa Cruz County. (Cal. Coop. Rpt.). SHOT-HOLE BORER (Scolytus rugulosus) - NEW MEXICO - Killing cherry and peach trees at Tesuque, Santa Fe County. (N. M. Coop. Rpt.). EUROPEAN FRUIT LECANIUM (Lecanium corni) - OHIO - Eggs hatching in Clyde area about June 16; crawling stages abundant. (Rings). ORIENTAL FRUIT MOTH (Grapholitha molesta) - ILLINOIS - Infestations generally light in Carbondale area. (Meyer). INDIANA - Second-brood injury light in Vincennes area, (Hamilton). CALIFORNIA - Heavy infestation damaging young nectarine trees in Visalia area of Tulare County. (Cal. Coop. Rpt.). PLUM CURCULIO (Conotrachelus nenuphar) - GEORGIA - Second-generation eggs being deposited on peaches at Fort Valley June 19. (Snapp). NORTH CAROLINA - Very Garay. in peaches in Sandhills area. Summer generation now emerging. Smith). ORCHARD MITES - SOUTH CAROLINA - Very serious some orchards in Oconee County. (Nettles et al.). OHIO - Infestations of Tetranychus telarius increasing in Wooster area. Counts up to 12 per leaf on peaches where control not applied. (Rings). Populations of Panonychus ulmi generally light. (Cutright, Rings). 585 VIRGINIA - Populations generally low in northern area orchards. (Hill). NEW MEXICO - Light to moderate infestations of Bryobia praetiosa complex to apples, causing some damage to foliage. (N. M. Coop. Rpt.). MARYLAND - P. ulmi heavy on prune trees at Ringgold. (U. Md., Ent. Dept.). CATFACING INSECTS - COLORADO - Lygus elisus and L. hesperus of concern on peaches in Palisade area of Mesa County. (Exp. Sta.). CICADAS - NEVADA - Damaging fruit trees in Elko, Lamoille and Deeth areas, Elko County. (Bechtel, Lauderdale, Menke, June 20). PEAR-SLUG (Caliroa cerasi) - TENNESSEE - Damaging cherry and pear nursery stock, Roane County. (Bennett). FILBERTWORM (Melissopus latiferreanus) - OREGON - Emerged in Benton County on June 25, 8 days earlier than it has in past 11 years. (Ainscough). BLACK-HEADED FIREWORM (Rhopobota naevana) - OREGON - Prevalent some cranberry bogs in Brandon area. (Rosenstiel, June 21). WALNUT CATERPILLAR (Datana integerrima) - OKLAHOMA - Damaging pecans Some areas. (Coppock, Bower). A TWIG BORER (Melalgus confertum) - CALIFORNIA - Medium infestation of olive trees at Loomis, Placer County. (Cal. Coop. Rpt.). PECAN NUT CASEBEARER (Acrobasis caryae) - OKLAHOMA —- Two hundred pecan clusters examined in orchard in Tulsa County; I9 percent with one or more nuts destroyed by first generation larvae. Pupation almost complete. (Coppock). FALL WEBWORM (Hyphantria cunea) - LOUISIANA - Considerable numbers on pecans and other trees generally. (Spink). MEXICAN FRUIT FLY (Anastrepha ludens) - CALIFORNIA - Trapping continued during May with negative results. (PPC, West. Reg.). Citrus Insect Situation, Third Week of June, Lake Alfred, Florida - PURPLE SCALE activity increased and further increase is expected, with peak coming after middle of July. FLORIDA RED SCALE declined sharply, but an increasing trend will begin in a week or two, with the beginning of a new hatch. CITRUS RED MITE activity increased further and is now at a peak. Infestations will decline rapidly with rain. CITRUS RUST MITE activity was unchanged on leaves, but increased on fruit. An increasing trend is expected, assuming that weather will be a little wetter. (Pratt, Thompson, Johnson, June 19). TRUCK CROP INSECTS POTATO APHIDS - NEW JERSEY - Myzus persicae and Macrosiphum solanifolii becoming numerous in sprayed potato fields in central area; up to 50 per sweep. (Ins. Dis. Newsl.). DELAWARE - M. solanifolii decreased generally on most potatoes and tomatoes throughout State. (Conrad). MAINE - In cages on primary hosts at Presque Isle, spring migrants of M. solanifolii began to mature June 9, Myzus solani by or before June 9, and M. persicae and Aphis abbreviata about June 12. This was about usual time for first 2 Species, but about week late for A. abbreviata. Field examination of colonies of aphids collected from Canada June 12-14 indicate that M. persicae spring migrants may be somewhat more general and abundant than usual in central and southern Aroostook County. 586 Aphid populations on potatoes very light now. (Shands). MARYLAND - Moderate to heavy numbers of M. solanifolii on tomatoes at various locations on Eastern Shore. Parasitism evident. (U. Md., Ent. Dept.). PENNSYLVANIA - M. solanifolii present but not increasing on potatoes and tomatoes in south- astern area. (Menusan). NORTH DAKOTA - Populations of M. persicae increasing on potatoes in southeastern area. (N. D. Ins. Rpt.). a COLORADO POTATO BEETLE (Leptinotarsa decemlineata) - IDAHO - Spotted but general in eastern and south central areas. Wore abundant than past years. Hatching well underway in Jerome and Gooding vicinities. (Gittins). Young larvae present most fields examined in southeastern area. (Bishop). DELAWARE - Defoliated about 50 percent of tomatoes one field in Kent County. Larvae feding despite treatments in parts of Kent and Sussex County. (Conrad). MARYLAND - Larvae destructive to potatoes at Frederick. (U. Md., Ent. Dept.). FLEA BEETLES - IDAHO - Above normal numbers of Phyllotreta pusilla for time of year in potatoes and beets in eastern area. (Gittins). Epitrix subcrinita appearing on potato fields in southeastern area. Some foliage injury is appearing in fields in Custer County, counts up to 20 per plant. (Bishop). MAINE - Populations of overwintered Epitrix cucumeris on potatoes in Presque Isle unusually low. No larger populations reported in northeastern area. (Shands). NEW MEXICO - Damaging vegetables in Taos County; light infestations in San Miguel and Torrance Counties. (N. M. Coop. Rpt.). MARYLAND - Moderate numbers of E. cucumeris on potatoes at Frederick and Phyllotreta striolata destructive to cabbage at Braddock Heights. (U. Md., Ent. Dept.). EUROPEAN CORN BORER (Pyrausta nubilalis) - VIRGINIA - Damage to potatoes quite heavy some fields in eastern areas (Hofmaster) and damaging plants in Caroline County (Rowell, Eager). POTATO LEAFHOPPER (Empoasca fabae) - WEST VIRGINIA - Increasing slowly on potatoes statewide. (W. Va. Ins. Sur.). HORNWORMS (Protoparce spp.) - COLORADO - Egg and larval counts on tomatoes were 3 and 4 respectively per 100 leaves in Bent, Otero, Crowley and Pueblo Counties. (Exp. Sta.). NEW MEXICO - Generally heavy on tomatoes in Luna County averaging 1 larva per 4 plants. Considerable damage in Bernalillo and Rio Arriba Counties. (N. M. Coop. Rpt.). KANSAS - Eggs found on tomato plants in Finney County area June 21. (Matthew). BEET ARMYWORM (Laphygma exigua) - CALIFORNIA - Infestations heavy on tomatoes in Solano County, sugar beets in Santa Cruz County and beans in San Luis Obispo County. Light damage to strawberries in Santa Cruz County. (Cal. Coop. Rpt.). POTATO PSYLLID (Paratrioza cockerelli) - KANSAS - Adults appearing on potatoes and tomatoes in Haskell and Finney Counties. Counts average 4-6 per 100 sweeps. (DePew, Marvin). Potato Psyllid Survey - Fourth survey made during period June 16-25. Populations remained a over entire area surveyed with little change from previous reports. Scottsbluff, Nebraska, area averaged 13.3 per 100 sweeps on Lycium. Green River, Wyoming averaged 0.6, and in Laramie area average was 3.8. Greeley, Colorado, area showed greatest increase over previous survey with 48 psyllids per 100 sweeps at Pueblo; La Junta area averaged 6, Salida 7. Populations west of mountains remained low; Grand Junction, Colorado, area averaged 1 and Provo and Logan, Utah, areas averaged 1.38. (PPC, States Coop.). 587 GOLDEN NEMATODE (Heterodera rostochiensis) - OREGON - Survey completed except that to be done in Willamette Valley in mid-summer. Area completed covered Klamath Falls area, central area of Jefferson, Deschutes, and Crook Counties, and northeastern Malheur, Baker and Umatilla Counties. CALIFORNIA - Processing of soil samples collected in State near completion. Only those collected in Kern County remain to be examined. No golden nematode found in either Oregon or California. (PPC, West. Reg., May Rpt.). STINK BUGS - TEXAS - Medium infestations of adults on tomatoes in Van Zandt County. (Davis). A THRIPS (Frankliniella occidentalis) - CALIFORNIA - A rather high incident of spotted wilt of tomatoes reported in Oceanside area of San Diego County. (Cal. Coop. Rpt.). BLISTER BEETLES - TEXAS - Heavy infestations on tomatoes in Van Zandt County. (Davis) . STRIPED CUCUMBER BEETLES (Acalymma vittata) - MASSACHUSETTS - More abundant than usual. (Wheeler). DELAWARE - Fairly common on cucumbers throughout State. (Conrad). NEW MEXICO - Moderate damage to pinto beans near Moriarty. Damaging cantaloups and cucumbers in Espanola Valley. (N. M. Coop. Rpt.). INDIANA - Increasingly abundant, causing damage to squash and cucumbers in Lafayette area. (Gould). PENNSYLVANIA - Becoming a problem on cucurbits in southeastern area. (Menusan). SQUASH BUG (Anasa tristis) - OKLAHOMA - Becoming numerous in gardens throughout State. (Bower). DELAWARE - Adults present on cucurbits in southwestern Sussex County. (Conrad). NEW MEXICO - Damaging cucurbits in Valencia County and heavy infestations on vegetables in Torrance County. (N. M. Coop. Rpt.). CABBAGE MAGGOT (Hylemya cilicrura) - MASSACHUSETTS - Second-brood may be more serious than usual on late cole crops. (Crop Pest Cont. Mess.). CABBAGE LOOPER (Trichoplusia ni) - CALIFORNIA - Heavy infestations of cabbage in Fresno area. (Cal. Coop. Rpt.). NEW MEXICO - Heavy infestations doing considerable damage to cabbage near Deming. (N. M. Coop. Rpt.). DIAMONDBACK MOTH (Plutella maculipennis) - VIRGINIA - Increasing on crucifers in eastern area. (Hofmaster). NORTH DAKOTA - Larvae numerous on wild mustard in Cass County. (N. D. Ins. Rpt.). IMPORTED CABBAGEWORM (Pieris rapae) - UTAH - Causing moderate damage to cabbage several localities. (Knowlton). DELAWARE - Remains common in several areas. (Conrad). CALIFORNIA - Heavy infestations on cabbage in Fresno area. (Cal. Coop. Rpt.). VIRGINIA - Increasing on crucifers in eastern area. (Hofmaster). MARYLAND - Generally destructive to cabbage in central area and on Eastern Shore. Adults abundant in fields. (U. Md., Ent. Dept.). PEA APHID (Macrosiphum pisi) - IDAHO - Populations building up generally in Latah County area. Control being applied many fields. (Smith, Manis). MINNESOTA - Counts remain high on peas in south central, southwestern and west central districts. (Minn. Ins. Rpt.). WISCONSIN - Counts range 15-200 per sweep, averaging 50, in peas in Brown County. Counts similar in Calumet, Kewaunee, Manitowoc and Outogamie Counties. (Wis. Coop. Sur.). MEXICAN BEAN BEETLE (Epilachna varivestis) - SOUTH CAROLINA - Much more abundant than usual on beans in Pee Dee area. (Nettles et al.). UTAH - Damage increasing in several northern and central counties. (Knowlton). DELAWARE - Adults common on beans in Sussex County, causing moderate damage several locations. (Conrad). NEW MEXICO - Doing extensive damage to pinto beans some areas. (N. M. Coop. Rpt.). 588 CORN EARWORM (Heliothis zea) - NORTH CAROLINA - Causing considerable damage to beans. (Overman, Neunzig) SOUTHERN GREEN STINK BUG (Nezara viridula) - ALABAMA - Infestations heavy on beans in Baldwin County. (S. Hays). SPINACH LEAF MINER (Pegomya hyoscyami) - IDAHO - Abundant all sugar beet fields from Twin Falls eastward. Egg clusters, less than 50 percent viable, average 3 per leaf near Idaho Falls. Damage to lower leaves in Idaho Falls, Blackfoot and Rupert areas rather extensive. Later growth in Magic Valley area untouched. (Gittins). SIX-SPOTTED LEAFHOPPER (Macrosteles fascifrons) - MASSACHUSETTS - Heavy on lettuce. (Wheeler, June 20). NORTH DAKOTA - Migration to potatoes observed near Englevale, Ransom County, 10 per 50 sweeps. (N. D. Ins. Rpt.). PEPPER WEEVIL (Anthonomus eugenii) - CALIFORNIA - Light infestation of bell peppers at Spring Valley, San Diego County. (Cal. Coop. Rpt.). GREEN PEACH APHID (Myzus persicae) - UTAH- - Damage sugar beets’ in areas of Washington County. (Knowlton). BEET WEBWORM (Loxostege sticticalis) - IDAHO - Generally present from Preston north to Rigby and west to Twin Falls. Heavy infestations in Preston and Bancroft areas. Larvae, all instars, present. Adults predominate from Pocatello to Rigby. Infestations not found west of Jerome. (Gittins). Light infestations on lambsquarters near potatoes and beets in Bingham and Bonneville Counties. (Bishop). COLORADO - Egg counts, 1-10 per lettuce plant in Alamosa County. None found in surveys in Bent, Otero, Crowley and Pueblo Counties. Trap catches high, counts on June 11 were 10,324 at Rocky Ford and 11,399 at Greeley. (Exp. Sta.). BEET LEAFHOPPER (Circulifer tenellus) - UTAH - Damage increases daily. Spinach at Farmington 100 percent infested with curly top. Beans and tomatoes in Box Elder, Cache, Davis and Weber Counties up to 30-50 percent diseased many cases. Healthy tomatoes rare in some southern counties. (Dorst, Knowlton). IDAHO - Activity evident on tomato plants in Magic Valley area. (Gittins). CUTWORMS - OREGON - Causing some economic injury to corn, beans, beets and mint in Willamette Valley Infestations in many sections of area in State. Species predominantly Peridroma margaritosa. (Every). CALIFORNIA - Light infestations of AgrotiS ypSilon on strawberries in Watsonville area of Santa Cruz County. (Cal. Coop. Rpt.). VIRGINIA - Damage to sweetpotatoes fairly heavy some eastern areas. (Hofmaster). NEW MEXICO - Damaging vegetable crops in Espanola Valley. (N. M. Coop. Rpt.). ALFALFA LOOPER (Autographa californica) - OREGON - Causing some localized injury to mint in Linn, Marion and Benton Counties. (Every). ASPARAGUS BEETLES (Crioceris spp.) - IDAHO - Abundant in Twin Falls area. (Gittins). DELAWARE - C. aSparagi unusually abundant in Kent County. (Conrad). ONION MAGGOT (Hylemya antiqua) -— EDAHO - Damage to onions much reduced from last year in southwestern area. Peak overwintered populations past, first summer generation appearing. (Scott). UTAH - Damaging some fields in Weber, Salt Lake, Box Elder and other counties. (Knowlton). ILLINOIS - Damage severe few onion fields in northern area. (Ill. Ins. Rpt.). 589 CYCLAMEN MITE(Steneotarsonemus pallidus) - MASSACHUSETTS - Infestations in strawberries more numerous and destructive than at any time in past 10 years. (Wheeler, June 20). WISCONSIN - Adult and eggs light in Door County on strawberries. (Wis. Coop. Sur.). TOBACCO INSECTS GREEN PEACH APHID (Myzus persicae) - NORTH CAROLINA - Occasionally found on tobacco. (Chamberlin). TOBACCO BUDWORM (Heliothis virescens) - GEORGIA - Infestations light to heavy on aromatic tobacco in Elbert County. (Johnson). WIREWORMS - VIRGINIA - Severely damaged newly set tobacco plants in a Bland County field. (Mallory). COTTON INSECTS APHIDS - GEORGIA - Light infestations of Aphis gossypii in Candler, Laurens and Jefferson Counties. (Jackson). ARKANSAS - Increasing generally. (Ark. Ins. Rpt.). ALABAMA - A. gossypii beginning to appear in felds previously treated for bollworm control. Few observed in untreated fields in Chilton County. (Grimes). TENNESSEE - Widespread and in some cases heavy in cotton fields in western area. (Mullett). MISSOURI - Light to heavy populations. Lady beetles and predators very numerous. (Kyd, Thomas). BOLLWORMS (Heliothis spp. et al.) - GEORGIA - Counts made in 51 fields in northern and southern areas. Eggs averaged 18 per 100 terminals and larvae averaged 2.8 per 100 terminals. Fifty of fifty-one fields infested with eggs and/or larvae. (Johnson). OKLAHOMA - Populations light in southwest. (Hatfield). ARKANSAS - Activity declined on cotton. Percentage of fields infested was 27 compared with 37 for previous week. (Ark. Ins. Rpt.). ALABAMA - Continue to be problem most fields in State. Infestations medium to heavy. Eggs, larvae and damaged terminals ranged 30-70 per 100 terminals. (Grimes). CALIFORNIA - Light infestations of H. zea in Calexico area of Imperial County. (Cal. Coop. Rpt.). NORTH CAROLINA - Less abundant than previous week. Some fields need treatment. (Cott. News Lett.). SOUTH CAROLINA - Buildup rapid in Florence area. First and second instars numerous. (Fye et al.). TENNESSEE - Populations general in western area. Causing considerable damage to older cotton; counts from 0-19 larvae per 100 terminals. (Locke). MISSOURI - Infestations light; counts 1-6 eggs and 1-3 larvae per 100 terminals in 5 percent of fields inspected. (Kyd, Thomas). MISSISSIPPI - Between broods generally in delta counties. Fewer eggs and larvae in fields than for past 3 weeks. (Merkl et al.). LOUISIANA - Average quare infestation in Madison Parish 4 percent. (Smith et al.). TEXAS - Infestations averaged 4.4 eggs and 1.9 larvae per 100 terminals in McLennan and Falls Counties. Square injury averaged 1.4 percent. Egg deposition is not heavy. (Parencia et al.). NEW MEXICO - Heliothis zea infestations generally light and spotty in cotton growing areas. (N. M. Coop. Rpt.). ARIZONA - Damaged squares numerous in ‘fields near Peoria. Only few light infestations elsewhere. (Bottger, Kauffman, Sheets). BOLL WEEVIL (Anthonomus grandis) - GEORGIA - Square counts made in 31 of 51 fields examined in northern and southern counties ranged from 0-18 percent, averaging 7.6 percent. (Johnson). ARKANSAS - Emergence is light in all areas except in southwest. No square counts higher than 15 percent infested squares found. (Ark. Ins. Rpt.). ALABAMA - Average infestation in central area was 590 3.7 percent. (Grimes). LOUISIANA - Light to moderate infestations in Concordia, Richland, West Carroll and St. Landry Parishes. (Spink). Average square infestation 26 percent in Madison Parish. Weevil emergence about complete. First-brood weevils hatched June 21. Square infestations climbing rapidly. (Smith et al.). NORTH CAROLINA - Infestation generally light. (Cott. News Lett.). SOUTH CAROLINA - Infestations variable in Florence area. First generation adults rare. (Fye et al.). TENNESSEE - Infestations confined to southern counties in western area. Conditions favorable for buildup. (Locke). MISSOURI - None found. (Kyd, Thomas). MISSISSIPPI - Percent of infestations remains exceptionally low ranging from 0-3 in delta counties. (Merkl et al.). TEXAS - Infestation averaged 47.6 percent in untreated fields in McLennan and Falls Counties compared with 9.6 percent in treated fields. First-generation adults active in early-planted fields. No emergence in hibernation cages. (Parencia et al.). CABBAGE LOOPER (Trichoplusia ni) - ARIZONA - Light infestations, 2-4 early- instar larvae per 100 sweeps most fields. (Bottger, Kauffman, Sheets). FLEAHOPPERS - OKLAHOMA - Building up considerably in Jackson and Tillman Counties. (Hatfield). SOUTH CAROLINA - Blasting young squares in nearlyall Piedmont counties. (Cott. Lett.). TENNESSEE - Causing some damage in western area, control needed many fields. (Locke). MISSOURI - Counts ranged 1-5 adults and nymphs per 100 terminals. (Kyd, Thomas). MISSISSIPPI - Common in untreated fields. (Merkl et al.). TEXAS - Infestations by Psallus seriatus continued at injurious levels many fields where control delayed in McLennan and Falls Counties. Average infestation 41.5 per 100 terminals in untreated fields and 25 per 100 terminals in treated fields. Infestations at injurious levels in 28 of 69 fields examined. (Parencia et al.). NEW MEXICO - Heavy infestations in Lea, Chaves, Eddy and Roosevelt Counties. Light to moderate in Dona Ana, Hidalgo, and Luna Counties. (N. M. Coop. Rpt.). LEAFHOPPERS - CALIFORNIA - Empoasca spp. building up some cotton fields, Imperial County. Treatment required. (Peterson Jr.). LYGUS BUGS - NEVADA - Populations increasing in fields, particularly alfalfa, adjacent to cotton in Pahrump Valley, Nye County. (Zoller, June 20). ALABAMA - Moderate infestations of Lygus lineolaris on cotton in central area. (McQueen , Grimes). CALIFORNIA - Heavy populations in Imperial County. (Cal. Coop. Rpt.). MISSISSIPPI - General infestation of L. lineolaris over delta counties, ranging from light to heavy. In majority of fields examined, this insect was doing more damge than all other cotton pests combined. (Merkl et al)r LOUISIANA - Adults numerous in fruiting cotton in Madison Parish that has been untreated for week or more. Some square damage being caused by adults. (Smith et al.). NEW MEXICO - Generally heavy infestations in Dona Ana, Luna and Chaves Counties. Light to medium ana spotty in Eddy and Lea Counties. (N. M. Coop. Rpt.). ARIZONA - Slight increases in adults, 2-8 per 100, sweeps. (Bottger, Kauffman, Sheets). PINK BOLLWORM (Pectinophora gossypiella) - TEXAS - Infestation in blooms averaged 3.8 percent in McLennan County, 2.2 percent in Falls County and 2.5 percent in one field in Milam County. (Parencia et al.). SPIDER MITES - NEVADA - Populations increasing several fields; two fields treated. (Zoller, June 20). ALABAMA -.Continue to spread in northern and central areas. (Rawson, Grimes). MISSOURI - Marginal infestations found some fields. (Kyd, Thomas). MISSISSIPPI - Light to heavy localized infestations some fields in delta counties. (Merkl et al.). NEW MEXICO - Heavy but spotty infestations of Tetranychus desertorum in Chaves County. (N. M. Coop. Rpt.). 591 STALK BORER (Papaipema nebris) - OKLAHOMA - Causing considerable damage to cotton in Caddo County. (Fenton). MISSISSIPPI - Burrows in cotton staks at Byhalia. (Hutchins). TENNESSEE - Found in larger numbers below Jackson than any previous year, but damage is slight. (Locke). STINK BUGS - CALIFORNIA - Euschistusconspersus light in stub cotton fields in Imperial County. (Cal. Coop. Rpt.). ARIZONA —- Very light populations. (Bottger, Sheets, Kauffman). THRIPS - OKLAHOMA - Building up considerably in Jackson and Tillman Counties. (Hatfield). LOUISIANA - Counts average 3.22 per plant in untreated fields in Madison Parish compared With 1.41 in treated fields. Infestations generally much less following rains. Heaviest damage in seedling cotton. (Smith et al.). WHITEFLIES - CALIFORNIA - Populations building up rapidly on cotton in Imperial County. (Cal. Coop. Rpt.). FOREST, ORNAMENTAL AND SHADE TREE INSECTS EUROPEAN ELM SCALE (Gossyparia spuria) - IDAHO - Continued severe infestations on elms at Preston. (Gittins). KANSAS - Large numbers of crawlers in Ellis and Barton Counties, central area, (Thompson). ROSE CHAFER (Macrodactylus subspinosus) - WISCONSIN - Adults numerous in central and southwestern counties. St) Coop sur). SARATOGA SPITTLEBUG (Aphrophora saratogensis) - WISCONSIN - Heavy infestation in Lincoln County. (Wis. Coop. Sur.). INTRODUCED PINE SAWFLY (Diprion similis) - WISCONSIN - Heavy parasitism in southern Burnett and Polk Counties. (Wis. Coop. Sur.). FOREST TENT CATERPILLAR (Malacosoma disstria) - WISCONSIN - Development has been generally slow. Complete defoliation in scattered areas. (Wis. Coop. Sur.). SMALLER EUROPEAN ELM BARK BEETLE (Scolytus multistriatus) - WISCONSIN - To June 25, Dutch elm disease had been found in 122 trees in 20 municipalities of 7 counties. (Wis. Coop. Sur.). SOUTHERN PINE BEETLE (Dentroctonus frontalis) - NORTH CAROLINA - Over 30 scattered, spotty areas of a few trees to one-fourth acre infested in eastern Tyrrell County. (Green). Gypsy Moth Survey in Pennsylvania - Placement of approximately. 13,300 traps in eastern area commenced during the third and fourth weeks of June. Parts or all of the following 23 counties will be surveyed on a 1l-mile grid pattern: Bradford, Susquehanna, Wayne, Pike, Lackawanna, Wyoming, Sullivan, Lycoming, Northumberland, Montour, Columbia, Luzerne, Monroe, Carbon, Schuylkill, Dauphin, Lebanon, Berks, Lehigh, Northampton, Bucks, Montgomery and Philadelphia. The area to be surveyed covers 11,655 square miles. (Nichols). Gypsy Moth Situation Relating to Civil Action on Spraying in Long Island - During the Summer of 1957, 14 individuals, all residents of Long Island, New York, sought an injunction to prevent spraying of their properties in connection with the gypsy moth eradication program. In their complaint the plaintiffs claimed the following: "DDT is, and is recognized and admitted by the defendants to be, a delayed-action, cumulative poison such as will 592 inevitably cause irreparable injury and death to all living things, including human beings, animals, birds, insects, and the predatior and parasites of harmful insects if ingested, inhaled, or brought into contact therewith in sufficient quantities or over a sufficient period . .. Wherefore, plaintiffs demand judgement forever restraining the defendants and their agents from such threatened spraying upon the lands, homes, and persons of the plaintiffs or so near as to endanger the same, and for temporary restraint and for such damages as plaintiffs shall cause thereby if defendants shall not have refrained therefrom."' This action was brought against the Secretary of Agriculture, Commissioner of Agriculture and Markets of the State of New York, and the Assistant Area Supervisor of the Plant Pest Control Division stationed on Long Island. After a hearing on May 15, 1957, the U. S. District Judge denied the plaintiffs' request for a temporary injunction and the case was brought to trial at Brooklyn, New York, beginning on February 10, 1958, before the Honorable Walter Bruchhausen. Testimony was completed on March 4, 1958, and the decision was rendered June 23, 1958, in which Judge Bruchhausen ruled out all claims of the plaintiffs and in favor of the defendants. In the decision he said, "I hold that the mass spraying has a reasonable relation to the public objective of combating the evil of gypsy moth and is within the proper exercise of police powers by the designated officials." (PPC) JAPANESE BEETLE (Popillia japonica) - DELAWARE - Very common on new shoots of loblollly and scrub pines, and chokecherries one location Kent County. (Conrad). VIRGINIA - Troublesome on ornamentals in Lunenburg County. (Powers). Emerging Clarke County, June 25. (Porterfield, Edwards). MARYLAND - Adults increasing on ornamentals in southern sections. Beetles later than usual. (U. Md., Ent. Dept.). AN ANT (Prenolepis imparis) - VIRGINIA - Caused severe, primary damage to rose buds locally in Fairfax County. Damage to plants by this species rarely reported. Determined M. R. Smith. (Gentry). MOURNING-CLOAK BUTTERFLY (Nymphalis antiopa) - NEW MEXICO - Stripping many elm trees in San Miguel and Torrance Counties. (N. M. Coop. Rpt.). WESTERN PINE BEETLE (Dendroctonus brevicomis) -. IDAHO - Becoming increasingly abundant on ponderosa pine in Camp Creek area of Valley County. (Furniss). EASTERN TENT CATERPILLAR (Malacosoma americanum) - PENNSYLVANIA - Heavy egg laying in southwest area may mean trouble next year. (Udine). OBLIQUE-BANDED LEAF ROLLER (Archips rosaceana) - NEW MEXICO - Defoliating box elder in Santa Fe County. (N. M. Coop. Rpt.) BAGWORM (Thyridopteryx ephemeraeformis) - DELAWARE - Young larvae common on mimosa and locust some Locations; quite heavy on red cedar in western Kent County. (Conrad). ILLINOIS - Fairly abundant in many parts of State. (Ill. Ins. Rpt.). COTTONY MAPLE SCALE (Pulvinaria innumerabilis) - NEVADA - Moderate to heavy on locust and hawthorn in Reno-Sparks area, Washoe County. (Gallaway, June 20). DOUGLAS-FIR BEETLE (Dendroctonus pseudotsugae) - IDAHO —- Appears to be causing several times more damage to Douglasfir than past two years in drainages of north fork of Payette River and south fork of Salmon River. (Furniss). ELM LEAF BEETLE (Galerucella xanthomelaena) - IDAHO — Very numerous in Canyon County; most untreated elms defoliated. Now pupating. (Scott). EUROPEAN PINE SHOOT MOTH (Rhyacionia buoliana) - MICHIGAN - Full flight as far north as the MuSkegon-Bay City Tine. ~(Hutson, June 20). 593 A LEAF ROLLER - OKLAHOMA - Forty-four percent of red bud leaves damaged in Payne County. (Walton). MIMOSA WEBWORM (Homadaula albizziae) - DELAWARE - Light feeding on mimosa trees in southern Sussex County. (Conrad). A NOCTUID (Melipotis acontioides) - FLORIDA - Caused considerable damage to royal poinciana at Key West, Monroe County. One-third of 400 trees inspected completely defoliated. (Swanson, June 18). SPRUCE SPIDER MITE (Oligonychus ununguis) - MASSACHUSETTS - Causing noticeable damage to coniferous ornamentals. (Wheeler, June 20). RED-HEADED PINE SAWFLY (Neodiprion lecontei) - MICHIGAN - Adults emerging at insectary at East Lansing, June 20. (Hutson). RED-HUMPED OAKWORM (Symmerista albicosta) - MICHIGAN - Adults, probably this species, numerous on oak foliage at several locations in Lake and Newaygo Counties. (Hutson, June 20). A SAWFLY - IDAHO - Populations on ponderosa pine substantially more numerous than in recent years in Camp Creek area of Valley County. Damage negligible. (Furniss). A THRIPS (Frankliniella occidentalis) - CALIFORNIA - Medium to heavy infestations on ornamentals in Oceanside area of San Diego County. (Cal. Coop. Rpt.). ADDITIONAL NOTES NEBRASKA - PEA APHID continued heavy in most alfalfa fields in northeast and south central sections with 46-860 per sweep. TARNISHED PLANT BUG high in northeast and south central regions, averaged 165 adults and nymphs per 100 Sweeps. ARMYWORM caused heavy damage in winter wheat in south central, southeast and northeast regions, with counts of 7-46 per square foot. Migrations into sorghum and corn underway in many areas. Great numbers of parasites in many fields. (Andersen). GARDEN WEBWORM abundant in southeast portion of State especially in weedy corn fields. Controls are being applied. (Roselle), WIREWORMS caused considerable damage to corn grown in heavier northeast soils, with 40 percent of stand destroyed in one Burt County field. STALK BORER light in northeast and southeast regions. Damage along margins of corn fields light. (Andersen). EUROPEAN CORN BORER populations high in northeast, southeast and south central portions of State. In 30-40 inch corn, precent infestation is 88-100 in northeast, 75-100 in south central areas, and generally 0-40 percent in corn smaller than 30 inches. (Roselle, Andersen). 594 INSECTS AFFECTING MAN AND ANIMALS CATTLE GRUBS (Hypoderma spp.) - IDAHO —- Adults of H. lineatum appear to be very common in eastern area. (Gittins). GERMAN COCKROACH (Blattella germanica) - OKLAHOMA - Common many homes in Tulsa area; unusually heavy in few premises. (Price). HORN FLY (Siphona irritans) - SOUTH CAROLINA - Extremely numerous in Greenville County. (Nettles et al.) OKLAHOMA - Numbers considerably less than in recent weeks in central counties; populations average 200 on cows and 800 on bulls. (Howell). Populations on cows 200-400 per animal in Osage County. (Coppock). UTAH - Increasing on cattle in several counties. (Knowlton). HOUSE FLY (Musca domestica) - SOUTH CAROLINA —- About normal. (Nettles et al.). OKLAHOMA — Populations down from previous weeks in central area. (Howell). HUMAN FLEA (Pulex irritans) - CALIFORNIA - Light infestation on dog at La Grange, Stanislaus County. (Cal. Coop. Rpt.). LOUSE FLIES (Lipoptena depressa, L. cervi) - CALIFORNIA - Heavy infesta- tions in deer in Railroad Flat area of Calaveras County. (Cal. Coop. Rpt.). STABLE FLIES - OKLAHOMA - Increasing in north central area; averaging 20-30 per untreated animal. (Howell). TABANIDS -— SOUTH CAROLINA —- Deer flies numerous in several locations, Newberry County. (Nettles et al.). NEVADA —- Large numbers of adult Hybomitra sp. biting and annoying people and livestock in areas near rivers and streams, Elko County. (Bechtel, Lauderdale, June 20). IDAHO - Deer flies abundant near Blackfoot, Bingham County. (Gittins). ALABAMA: = Horse flies reported in C.E.I.R. 8(26) : 569 as annoying cattle in the Tennessee Valley, identified as Tabanus sulcifrons. (K. Hays). UTAH - Annoying livestock in mountains near Mantua. (Knowlton). TICKS - OKLAHOMA — Rhipicephalus sanguineus in many homes in Oklahoma City. (Rogers). Dermacentor variabilis and Amblyomma americanum numbers moderate in Stillwater area. Not as heavy as in past 2 years. (Howell). CAT FLEA (Ctenocephalides felis) — OKLAHOMA - Heavy, 35-40 per square foot, in many homes and yards in Tulsa area. (Price). Moderate infestations on dogs in Stillwater area. (Howell). CALIFORNIA - Biting humans in Santa Clara County. (Cal. Coop. Rpt.). MOSQUITOES - MASSACHUSETTS - Maximum hatch of Aedes spp. spring brood be- cause of plentiful water supply. Culex pipiens, C. restuans and C. territans larvae in a few places. Culiseta melanura adults from overwintering larvae, no new larvae June 16. Few C. morsitans from spring brood. Control very noticeable as compared with non-control areas. (Wheeler, June 20). NEVADA - Large numbers in many areas of State. Mostly Aedes spp. Controls. inaugurated in many areas near towns. (Nev. Coop. Rpt., June 20). UTAH - Very troublesome in Uintah, Cache, Rich,Box Elder, Piute and Sevier Counties. (Knowlton). NEW MEXICO - Annoying around homes in some areas. (N. M. Coop. Rpt.) NORTH DAKOTA - Temperatures retarding activity. ineterahs NORTH CAROLINA - Populations decreasing rapidly on the coast. Ashton). FLIES = ILLINOIS - Counts on dairy herd in Adams County showed 19 horn flies, 1.3 stable flies and 0.2 horse fly per animal. (I11. Ins. Rpt.). 595 STORED-PRODUCT INSECTS BOOKLOUSE (Liposcelis divinatorius) - CALIFORNIA - Heavily infesting cereal boxes in Salinas, Monterey County. (Cal. Coop. Rpt.). KHAPRA BEETLE (Trogoderma granarium) - During May, 2 new infestations found at Yuma, ARIZONA, and one at Brawley, CALIFORNIA. Inspections in States of IDAHO, WASHINGTON, OREGON and NEW MEXICO were negative. (PPC, West. Reg.). BENEFICIAL INSECTS PREDATORS - ARIZONA —- Chrysopa spp., Hippodamia convergens and nabids abundant in Maricopa and Pinal Counties. (Mendenhall, June 19). Collops and spiders abundant in all cotton fields examined. Geocoris and Nabis present most fields. (Bottger, Kauffman, Sheets). " TEXAS — Lady beetles, lacewings and other predators light on alfalfa and grain sorghum. (Randolph). SOUTH DAKOTA - Lady beetles increasing in small grains and alfalfa; up to 11 larvae per 10 Sweeps. (Hantsbarger). A TENT CATERPILLAR PARASITE (Sarcophaga aldrichi) - WEST VIRGINIA - Extremely numerous statewide during June. (W. Va. Ins. Sur.). A KLAMATHWEED BEETLE (Chrysolina gemellata) - COLORADO - To date, beetles have successfully eliminated Klamathweed in large area around site of original introductions. Populations presently averaging 2-10 per plant, (Exp. Sita-):. MISCELLANEOUS INSECTS OLD HOUSE BORER (Hylotrupes bajulus) - FLORIDA - Very injurious to frame barracks-type building at Patrick Air Force Base, Brevard County. Det. H. Ji. Crawford. (Filla. Coop. Sur.) . FALSE CHINCH BUGS (Nysius spp.) - NEW MEXICO - Nuisance around homes throughout the State. (N. M. Coop. Rpt.). EUROPEAN EARWIG (Forficula auricularia) - MASSACHUSETTS - Becoming nuisance throughout range which has increased greatly during last 10 years. (Wheeler, June 20). IDAHO - Abundant throughout State. (Gittins). CORRECTIONS CEIR 8(26) : 555 - SOUTHWESTERN CORN BORER - ARKANSAS - Should read, "First-generation larvae entering plants. (Barnes, Dowell)." CEIR 8(24) : 525 - COOPERATIVE SURVEY ENTOMOLOGISTS - CALIFORNIA - Should read "1220 N Street, Sacramento 14." 596 LIGHT TRAP COLLECTIONS Pseud. Agrot. Prod. Perid. Protoparce Heliothis unip. yps. ornith. marg. sexta quing. zea vires. ALABAMA Crossville 6/26 1 23 ARKANSAS Fayetteville 6/12-18 5 28 8 22 Hope 6/12-18 15 5 aL 20 Kelso 6/12-18 14 31 42 21 Morrilton 6/12-18 23 35 20 Stuttgart 6/12-18 a 20 25 16 FLORIDA Quincy 6/16, 24 14 #1 7 9 ILLINOIS Urbana 6/20-26 790 10 5 154 2 INDIANA (Counties) Orange 6/18-20 158 11 5 30 14 16 1 Tippecanoe 6/20-23 194 6 64 KANSAS Hays 6/6-16 411 78 ike} 118 20 Manhattan 6/17-25 4935 269 246 453 180 LOUISIANA Baton Rouge 6/20-26 7 8 443 6 18 Franklin 6/25 1 2 1 1 MAINE Monmouth 6/21 ,28 3 Orono 6/28 2, MARYLAND Fairfield 6/23-27 11 2 7 &} MISSISSIPPI Grenada 6/16-21 6 6 1 2 Senatobia 6/13-20 4 10 5 State College 6/21-27 22 Lz) 90 4 3 1 *Stoneville 6/20-26 30 65 83 5 11 al NORTH CAROLINA Clayton 6/20-26 3 6 10 9 5 Faison 6/20-26 3 17 5 SOUTH CAROLINA Charleston 6/16-22 7 7 29 10 16 3 Clemson 6/21-27 24 19 54 1 16 1 120 Florence 6/22-28 358 153 227 110 6 5 1582 85 TENNESSEE (Counties) Blount 6/16-22 193 54 72 99 9 9 18 Cumberland 148 38 58 146 8 12 2 Greene 240 36 66 82 4 6 1 Madison 135 39 27 363 6 12 57 Robertson 214 80 36 104 8 10 4 *Four traps - stoneville 597 INSECTS NOT KNOWN TO OCCUR IN THE UNITED STATES TURNIP FLEA BEETLE (Phyllotreta nemorum (L.)) Economic Importance: Turnip flea beetle adults are serious pests of cruciferous crops in many areas of Europe, particularly on seedlings in the spring. Infesta- tions often destroy the crop. In USSR from 1913 to 1915, 75 percent of the cabbage plants were destroyed in some areas. In addition to leaf feeding, the yellow mosaic virus of turnips has been transmitted by adults of Phyl- lotreta spp., including P. nemorum. Larval infestations of P. nemorum are also of importance in localized areas, but peak of feeding varies in Europe depending on climatic conditions. Both larvae and adults have been intercepted at U. S. ports of entry on several occasions from Europe. The beetle was introduced into New South Wales, Australia, prior to 1939, but as yet is not considered to be an important pest there. Distribution: Occurs throughout most of Europe, Asiatic USSR (Western Siberia) , Korea and Australia. Hosts: Prefers crucifers generally, especially turnips in some areas, but has been recorded on peas, vetch, beets, soybeans, hops, flax, rhubarb and nasturtiums,. General Distribution of Turnip Flea Beetle rysome ae, Coleoptera No. 53 of Series 598 Life History and Habits: The overwintering adult emerges from winter quarters in early Spring, usually about middle of April in England, and begin to deposit eggs Singly, or in groups of 2-4 on the soil and sometimes on the epidermis of cruciferous hosts. . The larvae hatch in 8 to 10 days and tunnel into the mesophyll tissue of the leaf. The mine is marked by a black excremental line. There may be as many as 107 larvae per leaf. The larvae mature on cabbage in 13 to 17 days and enter the soil to pupate. Pupation lasts for about 14 days. The life cycle requires 5 to 6 weeks. In England there is only one generation a year, but in USSR there may be from one to six, depending on the climate. In the fall, the adults enter hibernation in a variety of places such as under bark or dead leaves, in hedgerows, and often in farm buildings. Feeding in the early spring usually takes place on wild crucifers, and when the leaves of these hosts turn coarse, they turn to cultivated cruciferae. They return to the wild hosts in August after the cultivated hosts become coarse. The winter is passed in the vicinity of the wild hosts. Description: Adult is oval, somewhat flattened. Length 2.5 to 3.5 mm. Antennae are long, dark, the first three joints paler, succeeding ones dark piceous. Thorax is broad, rounded, closely punctured. Elytra have two broad yellow bands which are slightly waved. Tibiae are reddish-yellow. The fourth and fifth antennal segments of the male are slightly or noticeably or perceptibly swollen. Eggs are yellow, rounded and finely pitted. The mature larva is about 6 mn. long, yellowish with series of blackish chitin plates. The pupae are at first yellow but change to black, just prior to emergence. The change beginning with a red tinge of the eyes on about the sixth day. (Prepared in Plant Pest Survey Section in cooperation with other ARS agencies.). CEIR 8(27) 7-4-58 Adult and Larva of Phyllotreta nemorum Figures (except map): Adult and larva from Garcia-Tejero, F. D. 1946. Bol. de Patol. Vegetal y Ent. Agr. 15:353-368. Larval damage from Rostrup, S. and Thomsen, M. 1931. Die Tierischen Schadlinge des Ackerbaues, 367 pp. Berlin. ea ay hs Kise foiys as EST CONTROL 0 rs ‘RESEARCH SERVIC AGRICULTURAL RESEARCH SERVICE PLANT PEST CONTROL DIVISION PLANT PEST SURVEY SECTION The Cooperative Economic Insect Report is issued weekly as a service to American Agriculture. Its contents are compiled from information supplied by cooperating State, Federal, and industrial entomologists and other agricultural workers. In releasing this material the Division serves as a clearing house and doesnot assume responsibility for ac- curacy of the material. Reports and inquiries pertaining to this release should be mailed to: Plant Pest Survey Section Plant Pest Control Division Agricultural Research Service United States Department of Agriculture Washington 25, D. C. Volume 8 July 11, 1958 Number 28 COOPERATIVE ECONOMIC INSECT REPORT Highlights of Insect Conditions GRASSHOPPERS moving into fields in north central Kansas counties. Mating in Oklahoma, heavy egg deposition expected. Heavy flights in eastern Colorado, egg laying expected soon. (p. 601). Cooperative control summary. (p. 602). EUROPEAN CORN BORER larvae averaged 7 per plant in central Iowa. (p. 602). BEET WEBWORM damaging in North Dakota. (p. 605). BLACK CUTWORM damaging in California and Oregon. (p. 605). LYGUS BUGS abundant in Idaho and numerous in New Mexico. Damaging in Arizona. (p. 606). SPOTTED ALFALFA APHID increasing in southern Arizona. (p. 607). ROSY APPLE APHID more severe in Ohio than in past 10 years. (p. 609). Worst outbreak of ALFALFA LOOPER in Washington since 1900. (p. 613). ONION MAGGOT more severe in Washington than in several years. Continues to be problem in Wisconsin. Damaging in New York. (p. 613). SOUTHERN PINE BEETLE outbreak developing in southeastern Texas. (p. 617). ADDITIONAL NOTES. (p. 608). INSECTS not known to occur in the United States. (p. 621). FEE ec 2 2c 2 a 2 2c ie 2 ic ic ac 2 Kc ic 2 2 oie 2k 2g 2 2 a ak 2 Reports in this issue are for the week ending July 4 unless otherwise designated. 600 WEATHER OF THE WEEK ENDING JULY 7 Temperatures for the week averaged 6° to 9° below normal in the northwestern Great Plains ans Great Basin of the Far West and within 3° of normal elsewhere. Rainfall west of the Continental Divide was heavy only in widely scattered spots, with little or none elsewhere. East of the Divide, weekly totals were extremely variable, ranging from none up to 13 inches. Showers occurred almost daily along the Canadian Border, and extended over the South and East during the weekend. Moderate to heavy weekly totals over the North Central Interior further improved moisture conditions, but soil moisture is still short in northwestern Montana and some other scattered local areas of the State, and more rain is needed in northwestern and north central North Dakota. Benefits of the generous rainfall in north central areas were offset in many local areas by storms and floods. The worst floods occurred in the western third and central portions of Iowa, where total rainfall ranged from 4 to 13 inches. Audubon measured 12.35 inches during a storm on July 2. Resulting floods along the Racoon, Nishnabotna, and Des Moines Rivers and many smaller streams took 19 lives and damaged crops and property to the extent of several million dollars. Up to 7 inches of rain on June 30 to July 1 in northern Wisconsin produced local flooding. Flooding also was reported in parts of Missouri, Oklahoma, and Kansas. In the latter State, rainfall at Winfield from July 4 through the 7th totaled 11.57 inches. In the Billings, Montana area, tornadoes, hail, and rain caused damage estimated at about $5 million. In southeastern Wyoming, the hail center of America, hail damage was estimated in the millions. Wind and hail caused heavy damage in the Rapid City and Mobridge sections of South Dakota. Flash flooding near San Antonio, Texas on the 7th resulted from heavy rainfall which totaled 6.69 inches in that city for a 24-hour period on July 6-7, a new July record there. The week's rainfall generally was light south of the Ohio River and in the Carolinas and Virginia, and more rain now would be beneficial in Tennessee, Alabama, northern Georgia, and in about one-half the total area of the Carolinas. (Summary supplied by U. S. Weather Bureau). 601 CEREAL AND FORAGE GRASSHOPPERS - WISCONSIN - Third-instar nymphs very low in Buffalo and Trempea- leau Counties. (Wis. Coop. Sur.). ILLINOIS - Nymphs averaged 16 per 100 sweeps in grass roadsides in central section, and 15 in eastern section. Hatching in western part of State, but not in damaging numbers. (I11l. Ins. Rpt.). IOWA - Ranged from newly hatched to full grown in southern and central areas. Populations low, 1-2 per square yard, no control appears necessary. (Iowa Ins. int). MINNESOTA - Field counts generally low in all areas observed. Some increase in Melanoplus femur-rubrum hatch, particularly in alfalfa fields after hay removal. Averaged 15 per square yard, with marginal damage to soybeans in southern area. (Minn. Ins. Rpt.). NORTH DAKOTA - First instar to adult M. bivittatus and M. bilituratus present in western part of State. Control continued in many locations where still numerous. Nymphal survey in eastern area Showed mostly non-economic infestations, although a few light to threatening infestations were observed and may require control in late crops. M. bivittatus and M. bilituratus mostly first to fifth instars, few adults present. M. femur- rubrum first tc fourth instars becoming general in legumes. (N. D. Ins. Rpt.). SOUTH DAKOTA - Generally non-economic in south central and southeast regions except in Lyman, Union, Clay and Yankton Counties. South of Kennebec, Lyman County, spotted infestation averaged 25-30 nymphs per square yard in fields. Spotted in southern third of Clay and Yankton Counties. Spraying of heavy infestation in Union County continued. (King). Heavy in Bennett County with accompanying damage. Treatment underway. (Hantsbarger). KANSAS - Continued to cause damage in north central counties, now moving into fields from roadsides, fence rows and weed patches. Border rows in corn fields and alfalfa fields showing feeding damage. Up to 40 per square yard in field margins in many localized areas. (Matthew). OKLAHOMA - Cooperative Federal- State control program in panhandle counties only partially complete due to inclement weather and high winds. Approximately 150,000 acres to be treated in Texas and Cimarron Counties and county-wide roadside program in Texas County. Roadside and marginal populations generally 20-30 per square yard, much higher in places. Aeoloplides turnbulli, Melanoplus bivittatus, M. packardi and M. bilituratus chief species, either fifth instar or adults. Mating, heavy egg deposition expected soon. Damage to sorghum and alfalfa margins and gardens generally heavy to severe in panhandle counties. Up to 50 per square yard in alfalfa fields and soil bank land. Range species commonly averaged 10-20 per square yard, with as many as 50 per square yard. Aulocara elliotti, M. packardi, Phlibostroma quadrimaculatum and A. turnbulli most common species. Rangeland damage evident in many localities. Averaged 6-15 per square yard on range in northwestern and northern counties, situation not as Serious as in panhandle counties. (Coppock). TEXAS - Remain heavy to severe on roadsides and rangelands in panhandle counties. M. bilituratus collected in Sherman and Dallam Counties, M. bivittatus in Randall County, Mestobregma sp. in Sherman County. Aulocara elliotti infesta- tions in Moore, Dallam and Sherman Counties. Melanoplus spp. collected in Moore, Sherman, Dallam, Randall and Hartley Counties sent for determination. (Hawkins). Unknown species feeding on sorghum, Zavala County. (Harding). M. differentialis heavy, damaging Johnsongrass meadows and margins of cotton fields, Delta, Hunt and Rockwall Counties. (Davis). LOUISIANA - As many as 31 Neoconocephalus sp. per 100 sweeps on rice in Vermilion, Acadia and Jefferson Davis Parishes. (Spink). IDAHO - Camnula pellucida, predominantly third and fourth-instar nymphs, averaged up to 200 per Square yard in small acreage of clover-grass mixture near Harvard, Latah County. (Portman). UTAH - Abundant in some orchards, gardens and alfalfa in Farmington-Kaysville area, Davis County, moderately serious in Enterprise-Beryl area, Washington and Iron Counties. (Knowlton). COLORADO - Heavy flights of M. bilituratus in eastern part of State. Females show advanced egg development. Egg laying expected within next 7 days. Migrating forms averaged 25-40 per square yard over much 602 of Morgan, Washington, Logan, Yuma, Sedgwick and Phillips Counties. Flight patterns depend on prevailing winds. Probability of second generation of M. bilituratus for 1958. (ARS, Ext. Serv., Exp. Sta.). NEVADA - Hatching in Panaca area, Lincoln County, and Fish Lake Valley, Esmeralda County. Scattered hatch between Hiko, Lincoln County, and Warm Spring, Nye County. (Lauderdale, June 27). ARIZONA - Trimerotropis pallidipennis adults numerous in Tuscon area. (Mendenhall, June 26). Control applied to 200 acres on 8 farms in Stanfield-Midway area. Many first instar T. pallidipennis present. (Miller). a Cooperative Control Summary: As of July 8, a total of 4,857,175 acres of roadsides, range and idle lands have been scheduled for grasshopper control in 55 counties in Colorado, Kansas, New Mexico, Oklahoma and Texas. Of this total, more than 2 million acres have been completed. This control program will provide protection to a vast acreage of cultivated crops. (PPC). CRICKETS - OKLAHOMA - Oecanthus sp. common on alfalfa throughout State. (Coppock). WYOMING - Anabrus Simplex abundant south of Casper, Natrona County, June 27. Moving east across rangeland. (Davison). EUROPEAN CORN BORER (Pyrausta nubilalis) - NEW YORK - Damage observed on 2-10 percent of corn plants with tassels emerging, in Hudson Valley. Second-instar larvae prevailed. Egg laying will probably continue to mid-July and hatching to at least July 25. First egg masses in Niagara County averaged 2 per 100 plants. (N. Y. Wkly. Rpt., June 30). MARYLAND - First brood light in early sweet and field corn on Eastern Shore. One large sweet corn field showed 15 percent infestation. Pupation underway on lower shore. (U. Md., Ent. Dept.). VIRGINIA - Caused medium damage to corn. in scattered areas of Carroll County. (Price). Caused 10 percent damage to 10-acre wheat field, Richmond County. (Farmer, Wilkins). NORTH CAROLINA - Severe in stalks and ears of sweet corn, Gates County. (Newsome, Farrier). WISCONSIN - Light on field corn, leaf feeding observed on about 4 percent of plants. Egg masses and first-instar larvae noted on 36-42 inch corn in Buffalo and Trempealeau Counties, June 26-27. No recent egg laying. (Wis. Coop. Sur.). MINNESOTA - Moth emergence 95-100 percent in all districts. Egg deposition increased, but counts still not high. Warm weather increased moth activity. Egg mass counts per 100 plants ranged 0-44 in southwest, 0-16 in south central, 0-4 in central and 0-8 in southeast districts. (Minn. Ins. Rpt.). ILLINOIS - Emergence almost complete throughout State. Tallest corn fields in eastern section averaged one percent infestation with 6 second-instar larvae per plant and 3.7 percent infestation with 2.2 larvae per plant in central section. Averaged 19 egg masses per 100 plants, 66 percent hatched, 16 percent infestation with 2.3 borers per plant in northern section. (Ill. Ins. Rpt.). OHIO - Emergence near 100 percent, egg deposition low except in isolated early fields. Crown feeding prominent in more advanced fields, first-generation infestation expected to be light. (Neiswander). IOWA - Moth activity high June 29, dropped off June 30. Six new egg masses per 100 plants on Boone County observation fields, few new egg masses on corn in Missouri River bottoms. Tall corn in west central area 65-96 percent infested, averaged 7 larvae per plant. (Iowa Ins. Inf.). ARKANSAS - Egg deposition on corn has begun in Phillips County. About 30 percent of larvae have pupated. (Ark. Ins. Rpt.). MISSOURI - Approximately 40 percent pupation, 10 percent emergence in southeast section. Remaining larvae mostly fifth instar. No new egg masses observed. (Jackson). Egg laying and hatch completed in central section. Averaged 3-16 larvae per stalk on 65-100 percent of untreated corn exceeding 45 inches in height. Larvae largely third to fifth instars. (Kyd, Thomas). SOUTH DAKOTA - Egg masses averaged 15 per 100 plants in north central region, 19 per 100 plants in east central region. No evidence of hatching. (Hantsbarger). 603 A CARABID (Agonoderus lecontei) - COLORADO - Damaged sorghum plantings in Kiowa County. (Ext. Serv.). CHINCH BUG (Blissus leucopterus) - SOUTH CAROLINA - Moderate, scattered over Saluda County, killing corn and millet. Worst where these crops are near wheat and oats. (Nettles, et al.). TEXAS - Caused considerable damage to grain sorghum and corn, Kaufman County. (Randolph). MISSOURI - Continued to cause light to moderate damage to small corn and grain sorghums in west central and southwestern areas. (Kyd, Thomas). NORTH CAROLINA - Injured corn and milo locally, Cabarrus County. (Bowles). Invaded corn from small grain, Franklin County. (Baldwin). GEORGIA - Moderate on corn in Forsyth County. (Rucker). CORN EARWORM (Heliothis zea) - FLORIDA - Larvae averaged 2-3 per ear on market corn at Alachua, Alachua County. (Fla. Coop. Sur.). ARKANSAS - Eggs and larvae numerous on sweet corn ears. (Ark. Ins. Rpt.). UTAH - Damage moderately severe in Washington County. In corn 10 days earlier than 1957 at Spanish Fork, Utah County. (Knowlton). Severe in tassels of field corn, Davis County. (Rogers, Knowlton). Larvae in 2-3 percent of early corn ears, areas north of Salt Lake City. (Dorst). TEXAS - Very light on grain sorghums in Brazos and Burleson Counties. (Randolph). WASHINGTON - Developing about normal or a little slower than usual at Walla Walla. (Cook). Heavy on 200 acres of corn at Wapato. Worse than in 1957. (Landis). MARYLAND - Light to moderate in whorls of early sweet and field corn, Queen Annes. County. (U. Md., Ent. Dept.). MISSOURI - Egg counts very light on silking field corn, but larvae averaged 1-5 per ear tip in 60-95 percent of earlier corn, southeast area. (Kyd, Thomas). DELAWARE - Prevalent in silks and ears of sweet corn, Sussex County. (MacCreary, Conrad). VIRGINIA - Severe on corn in Henry County with 25 percent damage in one field, less in others. (Pollard). Caused heavy damage to corn in some Prince Edward County fields (Rowell, Striplin) and with sap beetles destroyed 25 percent of corn in a Halifax County field (Rowell, Dinwiddie). CORN LEAF APHID (Rhopalosiphum maidis) - OKLAHOMA - Up to 50-75 per whorl on young sorghum in panhandle counties. (Coppock). MISSOURI - Very heavy on small ‘grain sorghums in extreme southeast area where 80-100 percent of plants had 500-1,000 per plant. Lady beetles building up rapidly. (Kyd, Thomas). FALL ARMYWORM (Laphygma frugiperda) - ARKANSAS - Beginning to pupate, moth emergence expected about July I3. (Ark. Ins. Rpt.). LOUISIANA - Light to moderate on late corn in Caddo, Bossier and Livingston Parishes. (Spink). MISSOURI - Light to moderate on small corn in widely scattered fields over extreme southeast area. Smaller larvae working down in whorls. Because of hot, dry weather, larger larvae feeding just below ground surface. (Kyd, Thomas). VIRGINIA - Feeding on corn tassels, Appomattox County, caused tassels to weaken and drop or fall over. (Rowell, Smith). FLEA BEETLES ~— NEW YORK - Active on sweet corn in Livingston County, with apparently little damage. Less evident on older plants in Hudson Valley. (N. Y. Wkly. Rpt., June 30). TEXAS - Caused light damage on grain sorghum, Dimmit County. (Harding). MARYLAND - Chaetocnema pulicaria adults averaged 5 per sweet corn plant in whorl stage at Price. Bacterial wilt noticeable in some fields. (U. Md., Ent. Dept.). LEAF-FOOTED BUG (Leptoglossus phyllopus) - TEXAS - Damaged grain sorghum in Brazos and Burleson Counties. (Randolph). LESSER CORNSTALK BORER (Elasmopalpus lignosellus) - TEXAS - Damaged Sudan grass in Erath County. First appearance. (Hawkins). Damaged peanuts in Frio and Erath Counties. (Harding, Hawkins). SAP BEETLES - DELAWARE - Carpophilus lugbris numerous in tassels and silk of sweet corn, Sussex County. (MacCreary, Conrad). NORTH CAROLINA - Feeding on corn silks and tips, Randolph County. (Scott, Farrier). 604 SLUGS - OHIO - Injury severe to young corn plants following alfalfa over much of northeastern part of State. Persistence attributed to excessive soil moisture. (Neiswander). SORGHUM WEBWORM (Celama sorghiella) - TEXAS - Pupae in grain sorghum, Brazos and Burleson Counties. (Rnadolph). SOUTHWESTERN CORN BORER (Zeadiatraea grandiosella) - ARKANSAS - Moths emerging in Lafayette County, full grown larvae and pupae in Woodruff County. About 50 percent of larvae have pupated. (Ark. Ins. Rpt.). LOUISIANA - Appeared on late corn, Caddo and Bossier Parishes. (Spink). STALK BORER (Papaipema nebris) - SOUTH CAROLINA - Reported from Aiken County. (Nettles et al.). NEW YORK — Much more prevalent than in several years. (N. Y. Wkly. Rpt., June 30). MAINE - Probably Papaipema sp. caused moderate to severe damage to young corn at Presque Isle. (Shands). STINK BUGS - ALABAMA - Nezara viridula light to moderate on corn, Escambia County. (Grimes). OKLAHOMA - Murgantia histrionica averaged 3 per 10 sweeps in one Texas County alfalfa field. (Coppock). EX - Light to medium on grain sorghum, Brazos and Burleson Counties. (Randolph). NEVADA - Cholorochroa Sayi numbers moderate on grain in Kings River Valley, Humboldt County. (Gallaway, June 27). COLORADO - Spotted infestations of C. sayi in wheat and barley fields, Larimer County. (Ext. Ser., Exp. Sta.). IDAHO - C. sayi adults relatively abundant, but still below economic levels and general on dryland wheat in American Falls, Rockland, Roy and Arbon areas. (Schow). NEW MEXICO - Chlorochroa sayi damaged pinto beans in many Luna County fields. (N. M. Coop. Rpt SUGARCANE BORER (Diatraea saccharalis) - LOUISIANA - Second-generation larvae very light on young corn, St. Landry and Avoyelles Parishes. (Spink). WIREWORMS - IDAHO - Reported in Cooperative Economic Insect Report 8(23) :476 as attacking alfalfa crown buds and corn identified as Limonius californicus. (Gittins). DELAWARE - Destroyed one-quarter acre of field corn, New Castle County. (Bray). ALFALFA WEEVIL (Hypera postica) - MASSACHUSETTS - Continued to increase range in State. Larvae on Second-cutting alfalfa. (Wheeler, June 30). DELEWARE - Adults averaged 260 per 30 sweeps in alfalfa-orchard grass field in New Castle County. Invaded houses bordering field, June 27. Adults and larvae prevalent in portions of Kent County. (MacCreary, Conrad). MARYLAND - First- generation adults averaged 2 per sweep on alfalfa, Queen Annes County. Few larvae present. (U. Md., Ent. Dept.). VIRGINIA - Caused severe damage to alfalfa in one area of Loudoun County where crops were sprayed before first cutting was removed. Some newly hatched larvae present. (Brown). Late stage larvae medium on alfalfa in localized areas, Shenandoah County. (Coiner). IDAHO - Larvae numerous on alfalfa throughout southwestern areas, usually below economic levels. (Waters). WYOMING - Very heavy on elk range, Teton County, with alfalfa being cut. (Davison). UTAH - Caused moderate damage to alfalfa at Enterprise. (Knowlton). ARMYWORM (Pseudaletia unipuncta) - IOWA - Large numbers of moths appearing in light traps at Ames, Ankeny and Bancroft. Newly-hatched larvae in rain-lodged oats and bluegrass, Story County. (Iowa Ins. Inf.). OHIO --Prevalent on grains and grasses in southern and southwestern areas during past 3-4 weeks, injury now largely subsided. (Goleman). COLORADO - Peak flight recorded June 16 at Springfield, Baca County. (Exp. Sta.). WISCONSIN - Very low numbers of third-instar larvae in a Dane County corn field, concentrated along fence rows. Light trap catches declining. (Wis. Coop. Sur.). SOUTH DAKOTA - Caused some damage to a rye field in Moody County. (Hantsbarger). 605 APPLE GRAIN APHID (Rhopalosiphum fitchii) - MAINE - Heavy migration flights at Presque Isle June 29 and July 2. General on oats. (Shands). BEET WEBWORM (Loxostege sticticalis) - NORTH DAKOTA - Severe infestation damaged wheat in Devils Lake area, Ramsey County. Marginal counts ranged 100-200 larvae per sweep, field counts averaged 6-15 larvae per linear foot of row. Heavy and attacking flax, safflower and garden plantings in Beach area, Golden Valley County. Damaged soybeans at Gardner, Cass County. Scattered infesta- tions expected over State as moth numbers have been high in many areas. (N. D. Ins Rpt.) BLACK BUTWORM (Agrotis ypsilon) - CALIFORNIA - Heavy in barley fields in Tule Lake area, Siskiyou County. Severe enough to require replanting and treatment. Light in Visalia area, Tulare County. (Cal. Coop. Rpt.). ILLINOIS - Destroyed one field of corn in extreme Southern part of State. (I11l. Ins. Rpt.). MISSOURI - Full grown larvae of this species and Feltia subgothica damaged small corn in few fields in extreme southeast area. (Kyd, Thomas). OREGON —- This species and Peridroma margaritosa infested several hundred acres of barley and some oat fields at Lower Klamath Lake, Klamath Falls, June 23. Spots 6-150 feet in diameter completely destroyed, with 10-30 percent of some fields damaged. (Schuh, Vertrees). ENGLISH GRAIN APHID (Macrosiphum granarium) - MAINE - Much less abundant at Presque Isle than at Same time in 1957. (Shands, June 28). MINNESOTA - Counts vary greatly from field to field, with as many as 200 per linear foot. Population reduction reported in some areas. Indications of predator buildup. (Minn. Ins. Rpt.). NORTH DAKOTA - Appears to be decreasing in eastern part of State. Averaged 3-4 per head on 50-60 percent of stems in headed wheat. No damage observed. Predators increased with 2-7 lady beetle larvae per square foot in some fields. (N. D. Ins. Rpt.). SOUTH DAKOTA - Numbers declined on small grains. (Hantsbarger). IDAHO - Occasional aphid on winter wheat in northern counties. Stem mothers colonizing on spring grains throughout northern section, spotted areas with up to one aphid per 3 plants. Over-all populations on northern grains relatively low. Predator activity, predominantly lady beetle and lacewing adults, extremely high. (Gittins, Portman). NEVADA - Moderate to heavy on grain in Grass Valley area, south of Winnemucca, Humboldt County. (Gallaway, June 27). WHEAT STEM SAWFLIES (Cephus spp.) - VIRGINIA - Larvae of C. pygmaeus caused lodging of wheat in several fields, one area of Stafford County. (Morris, Beck). SOUTH DAKOTA - C. cinctus on winter wheat in Haakon County caused up to 5 percent damage to crop. (Hantsbarger). ALFALFA PLANT BUG (Adelphocoris lineolatus) - SOUTH DAKOTA - Averaged 3 per 10 sweeps on alfalfa in north central region. (Hantsbarger). BLISTER BEETLES (Epicauta spp.) - OKLAHOMA - Numerous in alfalfa throughout State. Averaged 50-80 per 10 sweeps in one Cimarron County field. (Coppock). LOUISIANA - Heavy localized and spotty infested areas in alfalfa, Tensas Parish. (Spink). NORTH DAKOTA - Damaged soybeans at one location near Gardner, Cass County. (N. D. Ins. Rpt.). MISSOURI - Caused heavy defoliation to very small spots in soybean fields in scattered southeast areas. (Kyd, Thomas). WYOMING - In alfalfa in Buffalo area, Johnson County. Very little damage. (Davison). CLOVER ROOT BORER (Hylastinus obscurus) - IDAHO —- In all red clover fields checked in Boise Valley area. (Waters). 606 GARDEN WEBWORM (Loxostege Similalis) - DELAWARE - Few larvae in western Kent County alfalfa. (MacCreary, Conrad). ILLINOIS - Appearing on corn and soybeans in extreme southern part of State. (I11. Ins. Rpt.). MISSOURI - Larvae damaged small corn, grain sorghum, soybeans, cotton and alfalfa over much of State. General and heavy on alfalfa, remained very spotted and scattered on all field crops. (Kyd, Thomas). LOUISIANA - Light to moderate on older alfalfa, Caddo Parish. (Spink). GREEN CLOVERWORM (Plathypena scabra) - DELAWARE - Increased on soybeans, clovers and alfalfa throughout State. Averaged 15-20 per 10 sweeps on alfalfa, upper Sussex County, and 10 per 10 sweeps in one central Kent County field. Heavy on soybeans, Sussex County. Gradual decrease in numbers north- ward. (MacCreary, Conrad). MARYLAND - Averaged 1-3 per sweep on alfalfa, Howard and Queen Annes Counties, all instars present. (U. Md., Ent. Dept.). JAPANESE BEETLE (Popillia japonica) - DELAWARE - Scattered individuals on field corn throughout State, no apparent damage. Averaged 1 per 10 sweeps in alfalfa. Caused moderate damage to soybeans in central Kent and upper Sussex County. (MacCreary, Conrad). LYGUS BUGS (Lygus spp.) - LOUISIANA - L. lineolaris light to moderate on blooming alfalfa, Caddo Parish. (Spink). IDAHO - Generally above 4 per sweep in untreated alfalfa fields checked throughout southwestern section. (Waters). Abundant on approximately 30 acres of safflower and caused noticeable damage to buds. (Schow). L. elisus and L. hesperus averaged 4 per sweep in alfalfa fields sampled in Bruneau and Grandview areas, Owyhee County. (Gittins). NEVADA - Moderate to heavy populations on seed crops in Orovada area, Humboldt County, reduced by treatment of fields. (Gallaway, Hilbig, June 27). NEW MEXICO - Heavy in seed alfalfa at Hagerman and Dexter, Chaves County. Nymphs becoming numerous in alfalfa fields throughout State. (N. M. Coop. Rpt.). ARIZONA - Caused considerable damage to sweet corn in Pinal County. (Countryman, June 16). Large numbers in Graham County alfalfa fields, 30-40 per 10 sweeps. (Woodruff, June 16). Caused severe damage in Pinal County with 6,032 acres controlled. Increased, with up to 116 per 100 sweeps in 3 fields, Graham County. One treated field showed 12 per 100 sweeps. (Miller). A NITIDULID (Meligethes nigrescens) - OREGON - Migrating to red clover about 2 weeks earlier than in 1957. (Crowell). PEA APHID (Macrosiphum pisi) - MARYLAND - Generally light on alfalfa in all sections of State. (U. Md., Ent. Dept.). DELAWARE - Decreased in alfalfa throughout State. (MacCreary, Conrad). MINNESOTA - Remained high in all districts, 125-600 per 10 sweeps in alfalfa. (Minn. Ins. Rpt.). NORTH DAKOTA - Continued high in alfalfa. (N.D. Ins. Rpt.). SOUTH DAKOTA - Numbers on decline on alfalfa. (Hantsbarger). OKLAHOMA - Light in a few, scattered alfalfa fields in northwest and panhandle counties. None found in most fields. (Coppock). NEVADA - Heavy on alfalfa in Orovada area, Humboldt County. Treatment begun in many fields. (Gallaway, June 27). POTATO LEAFHOPPER (Empoasca fabae) - MASSACHUSETTS - Uncommon on most second-cutting alfalfa. (Wheeler, June 30). MARYLAND - Averaged less than one per sweep on alfalfa, Howard and Queen Annes Counties. Generally lighter than at same time in 1957. (U. Md., Ent. Dept.). WISCONSIN - Low in central and southern alfalfa fields, but may be threat to quality second-crop hay. Averaged 2-4 nymphs per 100 sweeps in Dane County alfalfa. (Wis. Coop. Sur.). OKLAHOMA - First 1958 records were May 20 in Garvin and Cleveland Counties and May 21 in Carter County. (Coppock). 607 A PSYCHID (Apterona crenulella) - IDAHO - Extremely abundant on small stand of alfalfa and sweetclover in Bear River Valley near Preston. Caused considerable skeletonizing of foliage. (Gittins). SPOTTED ALFALFA APHID (Therioaphis maculata) - ARIZONA - Population building up rapidly in Yuma area, Yuma County. Situation dangerous as there are almost no predators present. (Roth, June 24.). Increasing over southern part of State. Noted about June 25 when light summer rains and hot weather began. (Miller). OKLAHOMA - Exceedingly low in panhandle and other northwest counties. None found in some fields. (Coppock). COLORADO - Averaged 2-5 per sweep in New Liberty area, Mesa County, June 27. (Exp. Sta.). TEXAS - Medium to heavy on alfalfa in Brazos and Burleson Counties. (Randolph). NEW MEXICO - Generally light in southern part of State. Still some control in alfalfa fields in Chaves County. (N.M. Coop. Rpt.). UTAH - Not yet damaging in southwestern part of State. (Knowlton). THREE-CORNERED ALFALFA HOPPER (Spissistilus festinus) - ALABAMA - Heavy in Butler County alfalfa. (Guyton). LOUISIANA - Moderate on alfalfa, East Baton Rouge Parish. (Spink). TEXAS - Averaged 12-25 per sweep on alfalfa, Brazos and Burleson Counties. (Randolph). Caused some damage to peanuts, Fayette County. (Garner). YELLOW-STRIPED ARMYWORM (Prodenia ornithogalli) - ILLINOIS - One field in extreme southern part of State with 90 percent of plants fed upon by 2 worms per plant. (I11l. Ins. Rpt.). DELAWARE - Few on soybeans, alfalfa and corn throughout State. Damage negligible. (MacCreary, Conrad). MEXICAN BEAN BEETLE (Epilachna varivestis) - ALABAMA - Caused light damage to soybeans in Escambia County. (Grimes). DELAWARE - Caused light to moderate damage to soybeans, upper Sussex County. (MacCreary, Conrad). PAINTED-LADY (Vanessa cardui) - MINNESOTA - Larvae feeding on thistle and cocklebur in Jackson and Nicollet Counties, and at least one instance, have moved to soybeans. (Minn. Ins. Rpt.). WISCONSIN - Larvae on thistles in Rock, Jefferson and Columbia Counties, may become problem on peas not treated for pea aphid. (Wis. Coop. Sur.). IDAHO - Newly emerged adults becoming very common throughout northern counties. Some larval injury to hollyhocks in Moscow area. (Gittins, Portman). A SERPENTINE LEAFMINER (Liriomyza sp.) - FLORIDA - Eggs, larvae and adults averaged 3-20 per plant on cowpeas, Alachua County. (Fla. Coop. Sur.). RED-NECKED PEANUTWORM (Stegasta basqueella) - TEXAS - Damaged peanuts in Houston County. (Garner). GEORGIA - Light on peanuts in several southern counties. (Johnson). THRIPS - ARIZONA - Caused considerable damage in a 20-acre field of sweet corn, Pinal County. (Countryman, June 16). TEXAS - Frankliniella sp. heavy on peanuts in Comanche County. (Hawkins). MARYLAND - Caused light to moderate streaking of corn on Eastern Shore. (U. Md., Ent. Dept.). GEORGIA - Light to moderate on peanuts in several southern counties. (Johnson). TOBACCO THRIPS (Frankliniella fusca) - ALABAMA - Caused extensive damage to peanuts in southern parts of State. All except late planted peanuts are past stage where there will be too much more damage. (Grimes). A SKIPPER - LOUISIANA - Larvae, probably Hylephila phylaeus, as high as 16 per square foot of Bermuda grass sod in pasture at Lafayette. (Spink). 608 WHITE GRUBS (Phyllophaga spp.) - ILLINOIS - Leaf feeding evident on 70 percent of plants on one corn field, Champaign County. Averaged one soil entrance per plant for possible oviposition. (111. Ins. Rpt.). KANSAS - Damage to range grasses continued in flint hill region in east central area. Grubs averaged 6-8 per square yard in heavily infested areas. Range grasses being killed by vast numbers of larvae. Controls being applied in localized areas. (Burkhardt, Matthew). ADDITIONAL NOTES NEBRASKA - First-brood ARMYWORM activity about ceased in eastern portion of State. Light populations continue feeding in west. Heavy flights indicated at all light trap locations. (Andersen, Pruess). WHEAT HEAD ARMYWORM in wheat Hitchcock, Red Willow, Frontier, Keith and Lincoln Counties. Considerable injury to one field of rye in Lincoln County. (Pruess). HESSIAN FLY general in western area, little damage present. Caused lodging of wheat in southeast and south central regions. (Pruess, Andersen). VARIEGATED CUTWORM continued acitve in few Lincoln County alfalfa fields, averaged 6-10 per square foot. (Pruess). NEW YORK - MEXICAN BEAN BEETLE plentiful in all western bean feilds examined. Many egg masses present, no larvae seen. EUROPEAN CORN BORER egg masses on early and mid-whorl stage corn in western area. Early-instar larvae in Livingston County. Larvae in 13-17 percent of unsprayed sweet corn plants in Hudson Valley,1-5 percent of variously sprayed plantings. Hatching and feeding on small corn in Monroe County. Egg masses on 10 percent of early corn, Nassau County. CORN EARWORM detectable in unsprayed Hudson Valley sweet corn. Eggs on 30 percent of early corn in silk, Nassau County. CODLING MOTH entries on unsprayed trees first noted June 23, very numerous by July 2. Peak of larval activity expected within next two weeks at Geneva. Activity increasing in Rockland County, emergence reached peak in Monroe County June 30. First fruit entry June 30. Emergence now at low level in Wayne County. First APPLE MAGGOT flies found in Rockland County July 3. Heavy numbers of ORIENTAL FRUIT MOTH caught in bait traps July 3, Rockland County. Injured peach twigs in Niagara County on same date. (N. Y. Wkly. Rpt.). 609 FRUIT INSECTS APPLE APHID (Aphis pomi) - CONNECTICUT - Populations increased tremendously on new growth on apple trees, due to cool night and day temperatures, necessitating special control. (Johnson). PENNSYLVANIA - Persistent but not in large numbers, Blair County. Most aphids on apple sucker growth and a few on new twig growth. (Udine). MARYLAND - Heavy on apples in most orchards in Hancock area. (U. Md., Ent. Dept.). OHIO - Abundant in many orchards. (Cutright). APPLE MAGGOT (Rhagoletis pomonella) - MASSACHUSETTS - First adult emerged June 25 at Waltham. (Wheeler). NEW YORK - Fly emergence started again on June 25 and is increasing in eastern area. (N.Y. Wkly. Rpt.). MICH. - Adults emerging, Shelby, June 30. (Hutson). WIS. - First adult May 28, Dane County. (Wis. Coop. Sur.). APHIDS - RHODE ISLAND - On apple and blueberry at Westerly. (Caroselli). NEW YORK - Difficult to hold in check in orchards in Orange County. Building up in Columbia and Monroe Counties. Problem in Rockland County. (N. Y. Wkly. Rpt., June 30). NEW JERSEY - Problem on apples. (Ins. Dis. Newsl.). OHIO - Anuraphis roseus damage more severe than any other time in the last decade. (Cutright). UTAH - Severely infested plum and pecan trees in St. George- Santa Clara area of Washington County. (Knowlton). CODLING MOTH (Carpocapsa pomonella) - NEW YORK - Flight activity increased during the week of June 23 in eastern area. First entries at Geneva, June 23, eggs hatched in Monroe County beginning June 27. (N. Y. Wkly. Rpt.). NEW JERSEY - Few reports of fresh entries in apple. (Ins. Dis. Newsl.). OHIO - Stragglers still emerging in cages. No larvae under bands to July 3. Infesta- tions light to date. (Cutright). INDIANA - No emergence of first-brood moths from emergence cages at Vincennes insectary. Second=-brood larvae will not be active in Vincennes area before July 7 at earliest. (Hamilton). MINNESOTA - Active in fruit in all areas. (Minn. Ins. Rpt.). MISSOURI - New entries re- ported from all parts of State and larvae of all sizes found in many orchards. This indicates that first brood is well spread out and that there will be no break between first and second broods. (Wkly. Rpt. Fr. Grs.). UTAH - Moths numerous in several areas of Washington County. (Knowlton). CALIFORNIA - Light on walnuts in Hollister, San Benito County. (Cal. Coop. Rpt.). RED-BANDED LEAF ROLLER (Argyrotaenia velutinana) - INDIANA — No second=brood larvae have been observed to date at Vincennes. (Hamilton). NEW YORK - First summer-brood moths caught June 27 in eastern area. (N. Y. Wkly. Rpt.). OHIO - Little damage by first generation. (Cutright). PENNSYLVANIA - Beginning to emerge, June 23, on apple in Adams County. Heavy emergence expected week end- ing July 5. (Asquith). Eggs found, June 26, Adams County. (Pepper). APPLE AND THORN SKELETONIZER (Anthophila pariana) - IDAHO - Leaf rollers reported in CEIR 8(25) :537 have been identified as above-named species. (Gittins). EUROPEAN RED MITE (Panonychus ulmi) - OHIO - Generally light except in a few orchards. (Cutright). INDIANA — Averaged 0-4.8 livemites and 0-37.6 eggs per leaf, June 30, depending on control applied. (Hamilton). MARYLAND - Very light on apples. (U. Md., Ent. Dept.). MITES - INDIANA - Egg populations numerous enough in some apple orchards in Vincennes area to warrant control. Tetranychus telarius building up in one orchard. (Hamilton). Considerable population pressure on apples in Orleans area. (Marshall). NEW YORK - T. telarius building up in Orleans County. (N. Y. Wkly. Rpt., June 30). CALIFORNIA — Eotetranychus willamettei and Tetranychus pacificus medium on grapes in Lodi area, San Joaquin County. (Cal. Coop. Rpt.). NEW MEXICO —- Bryobia praetiosa complex light, caused minor damage to apple foliage in 3 counties. (N. M. Coop. Rpt.). MASSACHUSETTS - Oligonychus ilicis bronzing cranberries locally near Wareham. (Wheeler, June 30). © 610 A CHAFER (Diplotaxis popino) - ARIZONA - Seriously damaged peach trees and fruit in the Phoenix area. (Mendenhall, June 26). JAPANESE BEETLE (Popillia japonica) -— DELAWARE — Few on peach trees in central Kent County. No damage yet. (MacCreary, Conrad). PEACH TWIG BORER (Anarsia lineatella) - UTAH - Damage conspicuous in several areas of Washington County. (Knowlton). WESTERN PEACH TREE BORER (Sanninoidea exitiosa graefi) - OREGON — Adults emerg- ing in Benton County, July I. (Every) . A KATYDID - TEXAS - Species unknown, caused heavy damage to peaches in Brazos, Comanche, Erath and Hamilton Counties. (Hawkins). ORIENTAL FRUIT MOTH (Grapholitha molesta) - MASSACHUSETTS - Terminal injury by first brood uncommon. (Wheeler, June 30). INDIANA — New entrance in peaches at Orleans is at a low ebb. (Marshall). MISSOURI - Some twig injury in southeast area. (Wkly. Rpt. Fr. Grs.). PLUM CURCULIO (Conotrachelus nenuphar) - MASSACHUSETTS - Caused moderate damage to cultivated blueberries. (Wheeler, June 30). NEW YORK —- Has been the most serious insect problem in orchards up to June 30 in Orange County. (N. Y. Wkly. Rpt.). MINNESOTA — Active within fruit in all areas. (Minn. Ins. Rpt.). MISSOURI - Small amount of feeding signs in southeast area, indicating adults of summer generation are out. (Wkly. Rpt. Fr. Grs.). A CHRYSOMELID (Luperodes bivittatus) - CALIFORNIA - Heavy populations on apricot, peach and plum trees locally in Chico area of Butte County. (Cal. Coop. Rpt.). PEAR LEAF BLISTER MITE (Eriophyes pyri) - WASHINGTON - Overwintering forms migrating to buds. Severe in many pear orchards in Wenatchee Valley and Lake Chelan areas. (Burts). CALIFORNIA = Heavy on apple trees in Fort Jones area of Siskiyou County. (Cal. Coop. Rpt.). PEAR PSYLLA (Psylla pyricola) - IDAHO - Adults appearing in low numbers in pear orchards in Sunny Slope area, Canyon County. (Bechtolt). EUROPEAN FRUIT LECANIUM (Lecanium corni) - MICHIGAN - Eggs hatching in East Lansing, Detroit and Grand Rapids. (Hutson). MINNESOTA - Hatching southern half of State, July 7. (Minn. Ins. Rpt.). CALIFORNIA - L. corni complex light on plums and heavy on peaches in Chico, Butte County. (Cal. Coop. Rpt.). CURRANT FRUIT WEEVIL (Pseudanthonomus validus) = MASSACHUSETTS - Caused moderate damage to cultivated blueberries. (Wheeler, June 30). ORANGE TORTRIX (Argyrotaenia citrana) - CALIFORNIA - Lightly damaged boysen- berries in St. Helena area, Napa County. Medium on blackberries at Fairfield, Solano County. (Cal. Coop. Rpt.). CHERRY FRUITWORM (Grapholitha packardi) - MASSACHUSETTS - Adults abundant, laying eggs in blueberry planting, Barnstable County. (Wheeler, June 30). WALNUT CATERPILLAR (Datana integerrima) - TEXAS - Heavy in Gonzales County, second generation defoliating trees. (Garner). WALNUT APHID (Chromaphis juglandicola) - CALIFORNIA — Medium on walnuts in Chico area, Butte County. (Cal. Coop. Rpt.). WASHINGTON - Moderate but increasing populations on walnut at Union Gap. (Landis). 611 PECAN NUT CASEBEARER (Acrobasis caryae) - OKLAHOMA - Survey of an improved pecan orchard in Jefferson County showed 33 percent of nut clusters entered by first-generation larvae. (Flora). LOUISIANA - In pupal stage but just beginning to emerge in some areas. (Spink). FALL WEBWORM (Hyphantria cunea) - LOUISIANA - Continues serious on pecans throughout State. (Spink) . MEDITERRANEAN FRUIT FLY (Ceratitis capitata) -FLORIDA - No finds since November 26, 1957, making 213 fly-free days through June 27. (Fla. Coop. Sur.). SHOT-HOLE BORER (Scolytus rugulosus) - UTAH - Serious in a number of Weber and Utah County orchards. ~ (Knowlton). TRUCK CROP INSECTS POTATO PSYLLID (Paratrioza cockerelli) - WYOMING - Population in Douglas- Casper area averaged 21 per 50 sweeps on matrimonyvine. None found on early potatoes. Population decreased rapidly north of Casper to an average of 2.5 per 50 sweeps on matrimonyvine in Midwest-Kaycee area. Only 1 psyllid in Big Horn Basin area in 400 sweeps of early potatoes and matrimonyvine; 1 in 100 sweeps of matrimonyvine in Rawlins while 13 found in Medicine Bow on same host. (Davison). COLORADO POTATO BEETLE (Leptinotarsa decemlineata) - DELAWARE - Heavy larval feeding locally on tomatoes. Adults and larvae common on potatoes. (MacCreary, Conrad). MASSACHUSETTS - All stages present at Amherst. Damage already serious in one planting of potatoes and eggplants. (Wheeler). PENNSYLVANIA - Adults and larvae on potato in Clearfield County, 15 in a 200 foot row. (Adams). FLORIDA - Averaged 2-3 adults and few eggs and larvae per plant on eggplant at Santa Fe, Alachua County. (Fla. Coop. Sur.). APHIDS - NAINE - Aphis abbreviata, Macrosiphum solanifolii, Myzus persicae and M. solani increased in numbers as the spring migrations continued. Populations sStilimismall - (Shands). MASSACHUSETTS - Increasing on squash, cucumber and melons at Amherst. (Wheeler). NEW YORK - Abundant on early cabbage and tomatoes, Wayne County. (N. Y. Wkly. Rpt., June 30). VIRGINIA - Macrosiphum solanifolii heavy on tomatoes in localized areas of eastern Virginia. (Hofmaster). WISCONSIN - Increasing on beans in Trempealeau County area. (Wis. Coop. Sur.). NEW MEXICO - Brevicoryne brassicae building up rapidly on cabbage in Luna County. (N. M. Coop. Rpt.). GREEN PEACH APHID (Myzus persicae) - WASHINGTON - Light on potatoes in Yakima and Adams Counties; moderate in Grant County where treatment now required. To July 4, 3000-4000 acres treated. (Landis). NORTH DAKOTA - Light infesta- tions in several potato fields in Walsh and Pembina Counties. (Schulz). SIX-SPOTTED LEAFHOPPER (Macrosteles fascifrons) - COLORADO - Beginning to appear in light traps at New Libery, Mesa County, June 16 and Rocky Ford, Otero County, June 18. (Exp. Sta.). NORTH DAKOTA - Light in potatoes in Walsh and Pembina Counties. (Schulz). WISCONSIN - Population low in southeastern area but high in Rhinelander area. (Wis. Coop. Sur.). THREE-LINED POTATO BEETLE (Lema trilineata) - PENNSYLVANIA - Beginning to show up on potato in Clearfield County. (Adams) . POTATO TUBERWORM (Gnorimoschema operculella). ARIZONA —- Several car loads of potato tubers were dumped as a result of 20 percent infestation with larvae in Maricopa and Pinal Counties. (Miller). 612 TOMATO FRUITWORM (Heliothis zea) - NEW MEXICO - Eggs numerous on tomato plants in fields around Deming, Luna County. (N. M. Coop. Rpt.). DELAWARE - Common on foliage and in fruits of tomatoes in southwestern Sussex County. (MacCreary, Conrad). LYGUS BUGS (Lygus spp.) - ARIZONA - f{aused considerable damage to cantaloup, Pinal County. (Countryman, June 16). WASHINGTON - Migrating from cut alfalfa to potatoes, damaging terminal leaflets on 200 acres at Kittitas. Light infestation. (Landis). THRIPS —- NEW JERSEY - Drying up of grain has hastened movement to vegetable crops. (Ins. Dis. Newsl.). WASHINGTON - Damaging potato leaves on 200 acres at Othello. Moderate infestation. (Landis). HORNWORMS (Protoparce spp.) - NEW MEXICO - Generally moderate to heavy, dam- aging tomatoes in Luna and Dona Ana Counties. (N. M. Coop. Rpt.). DELAWARE - Small larvae common on tomatoes in southwestern Sussex County. (MacCreary, Conrad). ARIZONA - Larvae damaged tomatoes in Graham, Greenlee and Cochise Counties. (Mendenhall, June 26). EUROPEAN CORN BORER (Pyrausta nubilalis) - DELAWARE - Mostly latesinstar larvae in potatoes in western Kent County, many pupating. (MacCreary, Conrad). VIRGINIA - Damaged potato plants in Henrico County. (Rowell, Davis). PEA APHID ( Macrosiphum pisi) - IDAHO - Populations generally low on peas in Benewah and Kootenai Counties. (Portman, Gittins). WASHINGTON - Much heavier than usual in Walla Walla area. Most peas intended for processing treated. (Cook) . MEXICAN BEAN BEETLE (Epilachna varivestis) - ALABAMA —- Heavy infestations on string beans in Butler County. (Guyton). NEW YORK - Active for about 10 days as of June 27, two egg masses found. First egg mass found June 26 in Livingston County on early planting of snap beans. (N. Y. Wkly. Rpt., June 30). WYOMING - In small numbers in beans in Wheatland area. A few egg masses found. ( Davison). BEAN LEAF BEETLE (Cerotoma trifurcata) - ALABAMA - Considerable damage to beans in Butler County. ~ (Guyton). IMPORTED CABBAGEWORM (Pieris rapae) - MAINE - First adult seen June 23. (Shands). DELAWARE - Quite common in cabbage in western Kent County. (MacCreary, Conrad). VIRGINIA - Heavy on kale and collards on Eastern Shore. (Hofmaster) . DIAMONDBACK MOTH (Plutella maculipennis) - NEW YORK - Nuisance population present in Hudson Valley. (N.Y. WkIy. Rpt., June 30). VIRGINIA - Heavy on kale and collards on Eastern Shore. (Hofmaster) . CABBAGE LOOPER (Trichoplusia ni) -— NEW MEXICO - Considerable damage to cabbage in Luna County. (N. M. Coop. Rpt.). DELAWARE - Larvae quite common in cabbage in western Kent County. (MacCreary, Conrad). VIRGINIA - Larvae on collards locally in Accomack County. (Hofmaster). STRIPED CUCUMBER BEETLE (Acalymma vittata) - NEW MEXICO - Damaging chili, bell peppers, squash and beans throughout Dona Ana County. (N. M. Coop. Rpt.). MASSACHUSETTS - Serious damage may occur at Amherst. (Wheeler). PENNSYLVANIA - Common on cucumbers ail over Clearfield County. (Adams). SPOTTED CUCUMBER BEETLE (Diabrotica undecimpunctata howardi) - PENNSYLVANIA - Common throughout Clearfield County on cucumbers. (Adams) 613 BEET LEAFHOPPER (Circulifer tenellus) - COLORADO - Abundant in sugar beet fields in Montrose, Delta and Mesa Counties. In Garfield County 40-60 per 100 sweeps. Curly top in sugar beets 15-85 percent. In tomatoes, western yellow blight showing a high incidence in Mesa County. In Delta County curly top incidence in sugar beets and tomatoes present but not as widespread as in Mesa County where commercial plantings and home gardens show high degree of incidence. (Exp. Sta.). UTAH - Curly top has completely taken some tomato patches and fields in Washington County. Others lost majority of plants. Abundant, with tomatoes 45-75 percent gone due to curly top in Weber and Box Elder County fields. (Knowlton). WASHINGTON - Largest light trap catch of season (June 23-27) at Walla Walla. (Cook). BEET WEBWORM (Loxostege sticticalis) - IDAHO - A moderately heavy infestation of larvae in 15 acres of Sugar beets near St. Anthony. Considerable feeding damage evident. (Garner). NORTH DAKOTA - Moth numbers continue high in sugar beet fields through northern Red River Valley. Control needed locally for larval infestations. (N. D. Ins. Rpt.). SUGAR-BEET ROOT MAGGOT (Tetanops myopaeformis) - NORTH DAKOTA - Egg hatch beginning in northern valley counties. Some damage. QERDetinsee Rpt)? A PYRAUSTID MOTH (Nomophilia noctuella) - CALIFORNIA - Reported as damaging lettuce and seedling lettuce plantings. Medium infestations near Castroville, Monterey County. This moth is not usually associated with lettuce. (Cal. Coop. Rpt.). TWO-SPOTTED SPIDER MITE (Tetranychus telarius) - CALIFORNIA - Heavy on hops in Sloughhouse area, Sacramento County. (Cal. Coop. Rpt.). ALFALFA LOOPER (Autographa californica) - WASHINGTON - Worst outbreak since 1900 in western Washington. Damaging vegetable crops and ornamentals. Peridroma margaritosa also involved in this infestation. (Howitt). JAPANESE BEETLE (Popillia japonica) - DELAWARE - Common on asparagus ferns in central Kent County. (MacCreary, Conrad). ASPARAGUS BEETLES (Crioceris spp.) -— DELAWARE - C. asparagi and C. duodecim-— punctata prevalent on asparagus ferns in New Castle County. (MacCreary, Conrad). ONION MAGGOT (Hylemya antiqua) - WASHINGTON - Worse in Moses Lake than for many years, 30 percent cullage in one packing shed. (Landis). OREGON - Second brood now appearing at Lake Labish with populations low the week of June 29. (Crowell). IDAHO - First generation about 50 percent pupated and adults of second generation emerging in Canyon County as of June 30. (Scott). WISCONSIN - Continues to be problem. More of a statewide pest than heretofore. (Wis. Coop. Sur.). MICHIGAN -— Pupating in 6 areas on June 26. (Hutson). NEW YORK - Heavy in sets and continuedto injure some seed onions, Rockland County. Dam- age widespread in Orange County. (N. Y. Wkly. Rpt., Jume 30). MASSACHUSETTS - Flies very abundant and laying eggs, Amherst. (Wheeler). FLEA BEETLES - MAINE - Injury to potatoes very light. (Shands, June 28). ALABAMA - Heavy infestations of Disonycha sp. on beans in Butler County. (Guyton). MEADOW SPITTLEBUG (Philaenus leucophthalmus) - MASSACHUSETTS - Adults on straw- berries Jume 18. (Wheeler). A GROUND BEETLE (Harpalus pennsylvanicus) - CALIFORNIA - Heavily attacking strawberries in Merced area of Merced County in a field adjacent to a recently- plowed grain field. Individual seeds were removed from the fruit without feed- ing-on the flesh. Slight injury by removal of seeds caused a more rapid breakdown of the strawberries. (Cal. Coop. Rpt.). 614 TOBACCO INSECTS GREEN PEACH APHID (Myzus persicae) - MARYLAND - Light on tobacco in St. Marys County.) (Us Mde. EntemDeptmic HORNWORMS (Protoparce spp.) - MARYLAND - Light on tobacco in St. Marys County. No moths taken at Fairland. No heavy infestations reported to date. (U. Md., Ent. Dept.). JAPANESE BEETLE (Popillia japonica) - NORTH CAROLINA - Adults injuring tobacco in local areas in Duplin, Martin and Pender Counties. (Brady, Jones, Reid, Scott). SOUTHERN POTATO WIREWORM (Conoderus falli) - FLORIDA - Larvae, pupae and adults averaged 4 per 10 tobacco plants on 2 acres of shade tobacco at Quincy, Gadsden County. Estimate about 40 percent of plants damaged and about half had to be reset. Det. T. J. Spilman. (Fla. Coop. Sur., June 27). TOBACCO FLEA BEETLE (Epitrix hirtipennis) - MARYLAND - Light to moderate on tobacco. Few heavy infestations central St. Marys County. (U. Md., Ent. Dept.). TOBACCO BUDWORM (Heliothis virescens) - GEORGIA - Light to moderate on tobacco in several southern counties. (Johnson) . COTTON INSECTS BOLL WEEVIL (Anthonomus grandis) - NORTH CAROLINA - First generation in lower southeast counties out. Hoke County square infestation low but weevils in all fields. Anson County 3 to 9 percent infestation in 14 fields examined. Warren and Chowan Counties negative in all fields examined. (Cott. News Lett.). SOUTH CAROLINA - Percent infestation decreased slightly due to increase in num- ber of squares. Florence area where insecticides applied virtually no adults and less than 3 percent infestation. (Cott. Lett., Fye et al.). TENNESSEE - Light population in southern tier of counties, no weevils found north of regular infested portion west Tennessee. Controls started infested area, one treated field 10 percent infested. (Locke). GEORGIA - Counts in 42 middle and south Georgia fields ranged from one to 45 percent punctured squares with average of 19.25 percent. First generation weevils in south Georgia fields. (Johnson). ALABAMA - Increasing in south and central areas of State. Counts ranged from 2 percent in treated fields to 62 pereent in untreated fields. (Grimes). MISSISSIPPI - Infestations remain exceptionally light and spotty, all counts below 5 percent. Some first generation but no high populations found in delta. (Merkl1 et al.). LOUISIANA - Madison Parish counts; 43 treated fields averaged 8 weevils per acre, 66 untreated fields averaged 19. Square infestations were 9 percent in 22 treated fields, 33 percent in two untreated fields. Record brood expected last week in July. (Smith et al.). TEXAS - Increased activity in most areas; especially in northeast, east, south central, upper coastal, coastal bend and southwest. (Gaines). ARK.- Emergence continues from hiberna- tion quarters. Some first generation emergence in Drew County but general heavy first-generation emergence expected July 15-20. (Ark. Ins. Rpt.). BOLLWORMS (Heliothis spp. et al.) - NORTH CAROLINA - No general build up under- way but situation is of concern with so much late cotton. (Cott. News Lett.). SOUTH CAROLINA -— Population continues to build up in most of State. Eighteen times as many moths caught at Florence week ending June 18 as during same period in 1957. (Cott. Lett.). GEORGIA - Forty-two fields examined in middle and south Georgia, all infested. Egg counts ranged from zero to 31, averaging 6.5 per 100 terminals. Larvae ranged from zero to 11, averaging 2.9 per 100 terminals. (Johnson). TENNESSEE - Light but general and on increase. Damage 615 anticipated. (Locke). ALABAMA - Decreased to some degree in south and central parts of State . Counts made in 22 fields averaged approximately 8 eggs per. 100 terminals. (Grimes). MISSISSIPPI - Little activity reported; between broods in delta counties. (Merkl et al.). LOUISIANA - Square infestation averaged 4 percent in 23 infested fields, 24 inspected. (Smith et al.). ARKANSAS - Eggs and larvae on decline in most cotton fields. Pupation underway, even with attraction of corn heavy influx of moths into cotton expected after July 15 when emergence is expected to begin. (Ark. Ins. Rpt.). MISSOURI —- Light infestations in 152 of 750 fields scouted;1 to 6 eggs and 1 to 8 larvae per 100 terminals, predators controlling small larvae. (Kyd, Thomas). TEX. - Light to medium except Lower Rio Grande Valley where heavy infestations reported. (Gaines). ARIZONA - None to very few in Pima, Pinal and Maricopa Counties. (Bottger et al.). NEW MEXICO - Appear to be building up rapidly in Chaves and Eddy Counties. Eggs abundant on cotton in Dona Ana and Luna Counties. (N.M. Coop. Rpt.). CALIFORNIA - H. zea light in cotton plantings in Blythe, Thermal and Coachella areas of Riverside County. (Cal. Coop. Rpt.). PINK BOLLWORM (Pectinophora gossypiella) - TEXAS - Light throughout State. (Gaines). FLORIDA - Larvae collected from hibiscus blooms at Plantation Key, Monroe County. (Fla. Coop. Sur.). CALIFORNIA - Blossom survey of 2093 acres of cotton in Imperial and Riverside Counties by Federal, State and County personnel was negative. (Cale iCoopeeRpiteo BEET ARMYWORM (Laphygma exigua) - CALIFORNIA - Light on cotton in Blyth-Ripely area, Riverside County, and Holtville area, Imperial County. (Cal. Coop. Rpt.). CABBAGE LOOPER (Trichoplusia ni) - ARIZONA - Present but not abundant in fields examined in Pima and Pinal Counties. (Bottger et al.). GEORGIA - Light in- festations in Tift, Colquitt and Cook Counties. (Johnson). CLICK BEETLES - MISSISSIPPI - Damage to small squares and terminal buds of cotton. Counts of 30 to 50 adults per 100 plants reported delta area. (Merkl et al.). COTTON APHID (Aphis gossypii) - ALABAMA -— Heavy on Geneva County cotton. Light to medium in other south and central areas. (Grimes). GEORGIA - Moderate to heavy in 13 eastern and southeastern counties. Light in Thomas, Johnson, Washington, Jefferson and Hancock Counties. (Johnson). TENNESSEE - Light to heavy, growth of small cotton being retarded in northern counties. Predators reducing growth but weather becoming favorable for build up. (Locke). MISSOURI - Greatly declined, present problem over due to heavy predator and parasite populations. (Kyd, Thomas). ARKANSAS - On decline except where fields treated with insecticides. (Ark. Ins. Rpt.). TEXAS - Heavy infestations northwest area. (Gaines). COTTON LEAF PERFERATOR (Bucculatrix thurberiella) - ARIZONA - Populations remained static in Pinal County. (Countryman, June 16). COTTON SQUARE BORER (Strymon melinus) - CALIFORNIA - Light on cotton squares in Thermal-Coachella areas, Riverside County. (Cal. Coop. Rpt.). EUROPEAN CORN BORER (Pyrausta nubilalis) - ARKANSAS - Larvae found in a cotton field in Craighead County, located close to infested corn field. (Ark. Ins. Rpt.). GRASSHOPPERS - TEXAS - Caused severe damage in northwest area and some damage on field margins in upper coastal, central and north central areas. (Gaines). SOUTH CAROLINA - Causing some damage to cotton in Berkeley County. (Cott. Ieiticey re 616 FLEAHOPPERS - ALABAMA - Psallus seriatus damage found in most every field surveyed. Infestations generally light to medium. (Grimes, Rawson). MISSISSIPPI - Light infestations still common in untreated delta fields. (Merkl et al.). LOUISIANA - Difficult to find most cotton fields Madison Parish. Average 2.13 fleahoppers per 100 terminals in 6 infested fields scouted. (Smith et al). TEXAS - Range from light to heavy in all areas of State. (Gaines). TENNESSEE - Causing considerable damage to young squares, controls necessary in many fields to set squares. (Locke). ARKANSAS - Very few flea- hoppers found. (Ark. Ins. Rpt.) SOUTH CAROLINA - Damaging untreated cotton. (Cott. Lett.). NEW MEXICO - Generally moderate to heavy infestations damaging cotton in southern part of State. (N.M. Coop. Rpt.). ARIZONA - Little change in population of a black fleahopper, few Maricopa County fields had populations up to 15 per 100 sweeps, numbers decreased in Pima County. (Bottger et al.). PLANT BUGS - MISSISSIPPI - L. lineolaris causing more damage than any other insect in delta area. (Merkl et al.). LOUISIANA - L. lineolaris rather abundant and apparently causing considerable damage in Madison Parish, counts averaged 22 per 100 sweeps. (Smith et al). ALABAMA - Lygus lineolaris con- tinued to present minor problems in central area. (Rawson). NEW MEXICO - Generally heavy infestations on cotton in southern counties. Counts ranged 8 to 80 per 100 sweeps in Luna County. (N.M. Coop. Rpt.). ARIZONA - Populations decreasing Pima County. Remain high in some areas Pinal County where more than 6000 acres treated. (Bottger et al.;Miller). SALT-MARSH CATERPILLAR (Estigmene acrea) - CALIFORNIA - Light in Blythe area, Riverside County. (Cal. Coop. Rpt.). SPIDER MITES - ALABAMA - Infestations on experimental cotton plots in Autauga County increased to point necessitating treatment. (Rawson). SOUTH CAROLINA - Becoming problem in fields where rainfall deficient. (Cott. Lett.). MISSOURI - Very spotted infestations, spot treatment in several fields. (Kyd, Thomas). GEORGIA - Light infestations in southeastern counties. (Johnson). ARIZONA - Populations on decline in Waddell area of Maricopa County due to high humidity and activity of Orius SPP-, averages one per cotton leaf. (Bottger et al.). STALK BORER (Papaipema nebris) - TENNESSEE - Causing heaviest damage this season than any Since survey started. (Locke). ARKANSAS - Found in cotton in Craighead County during week ending June 28. (Ark. Ins. Rpt.). STINK BUGS - ARIZONA - Low populations all areas. (Bottger et al.). NEW MEXICO - Chlorochroa sayi moderate to heavy spotty infestations damaging squares and bolls in Luna and Hidalgo Counties. (N. M. Coop. Rpt.). THRIPS - ALABAMA —- Heavy in young squares and in blooms of Autauga County cotton. Rather unusual for this time of year. Feeding could cause damage to young squares. (Rawson, Grimes). LOUISIANA - Counts in 35 fields inspected averaged 1.41 per plant, some damage still occurring in presquare late cotton. (Smith et al.). TEXAS - Light in all areas except north plains. (Gaines). ARIZONA - Damaged cotton in Pinal County. (Countryman, June 16). 617 FOREST , ORNAMENTAL AND SHADE TREE INSECTS EUROPEAN PINE SHOOT MOTH (Rhyacionia buoliana) - MICHIGAN - Reported from Sault Ste. Marie for first time, 10 percent pupated June 17; 50 percent pupated at Harbor Springs June 16; 20 percent at McMillan June 17; 10 percent at Calumet June 18 and 30 percent at Epoufette on June 19. (Hutson). PENNSYLVANIA - Moth emergence heavy Indiana County late June. Averaged 12 moths per 4-foot red pine. (Udine). FALL WEBWORM (Hyphantria cunea) NEW JERSEY - Reported in southern part of State. (Ins. Dis. NewsI.). FOREST TENT CATERPILLAR (Malacosoma disstria) - NORTH DAKOTA - Few spots of severe defoliation in native timber at Ft. Totten; pupation complete. (N. D. Ins. Rpt.). MINNESOTA - Aerial survey Duluth area and north of Cloquet indicates 250-300 square mile area of complete defoliation. Moderate to light on addi- tional 300 square mile area. (Minn. Ins. Rpt.). WISCONSIN - Heavy defoliation in western Vilas and Oneida Counties. Pupating in northern counties. (Wis. Coop. Sur.). JACK-PINE BUDWORM (Choristoneura pinus) - MICHIGAN - Larvae one-fourth to : one-half inch long at Roscommon. (Hutson). WISCONSIN - Pupation complete in Adams County and emergence has begun. (Wis. Coop. Sur.). LARCH SAWFLY (Pristiphora erichsonii) - MICHIGAN - Egg deposition at Gogebic June 19. (Hutson). LARGE ASPEN TORTIX (Archips conflictana) - MICHIGAN - Pupating in Houghton, Ironwood, Ewen and Watersmeet areas. Complete defoliation some areas. (Hutson). PINE SPITTLEBUG (Aphrophora parallela) - MICHIGAN - Mature nymphs present at Roscommon. (Hutson, July 1). A PINE SAWFLY (Neodiprion pratti) - MASSACHUSETTS - Abundant on pitch pine. (Wheeler, June SPRUCE BUDWORM (Choristoneura fumiferana) - MICHIGAN - Small larvae at Keeweenaw. (Hutson, July 1). MINNESOTA - Pupation starting Superior National Forest. (Minn. Ins. Rpt., July 3). SPRUCE SPIDER MITE (Oligonychus ununguis) - MASSACHUSETTS - Infestations in- creased to damaging in drier parts of State. (Wheeler, June 30). TORTRICIDS (Argyrotoxa spp.) - PENN. - A. semipurpurana and A. albicomana caused serious defoliation of oaks in south central area. Det. J.G. Franclemont.(Droos). SOUTHERN PINE BEETLE (Dendroctonus frontalis) - TEXAS - Outbreak developing rapidly in Big Thicket area, Southeastern region, where 1950-51 outbreak was very destructive. Outbreak area involves 65,000 acres in Hardin County. (So. For. Pest Rpt., June 25). CYCLAMEN MITE (Steneotarsonemus pallidus) - NEW JERSEY - Caused considerable distortion to deIphinium. (Ins. Dis. Newsl.). JAPANESE BEETLE (Popillia japonica) - NEW JERSEY - Active throughout State. (Ins. Dis. Newsl.). VIRGINIA - Damage moderate to severe on susceptable ornamental hosts throughout eastern two-thirds of the State. (Morris, et al.). MARYLAND - Light to moderate most sections. Few heavy infestations. (U. Md., Ent. Dept.). OHIO - Adults appearing in considerable numbers in several areas, from 10 days to 2 weeks later than in 1957. (Polivka). ILLINOIS - First adults appeared in Sheldon area of Iroquois County. GH Ins. Rpt.) July3)). MASSACHUSETTS - First adults at Amherst. (Wheeler). 618 AN APHID (Pemphigus bursarius) - CALIFORNIA - Heavy on Lombardy poplars at Greenfield, Monterey County. (Cal. Coop. Rpt.). TWO-SPOTTED SPIDER MITE (Tetranychus telarius) - MASSACHUSETTS - Damaged perennials and some shrubs. (Wheeler, June 30). SOUTH DAKOTA - Abundant on various ornamentals in eastern part of State. (Hantsbarger). BLISTER BEETLES - WEST VIRGINIA - Epicauta murina defoliating mimosa trees in Hampshire County. (W. Va. Ins. Sur., June 27). NORTH DAKOTA - High populations defoliating year old caragana liner stock in nurseries at Towner and Bottineau. (N. D. Ins. Rpt.). A BOSTRICHID (Amphicerus cornutus) - ARIZONA - Pruning twigs and boring in limbs of paloverde trees in Phoenix area. (Mendenhall, June 26). COTTONY MAPLE SCALE (Pulvinaria innumerabilis) - NORTH DAKOTA —- Eggs about to hatch in heavy infestations reported at Rugby, Pierce County. (N. D. Ins. Rpt.). ELM LEAF BEETLE (Galerucella xanthomelaena) - VIRGINIA - Larvae damaged elms at Front Royal. (Coggsdale). Medium damage, Norfolk and Washington Counties. (Thomas, Groseclose, Morris). MARYLAND - Heavy this year. (U. Md.,Ent. Dept.). DELAWARE - Heavy damage, pupating Sussex County, moderate to light in Kent and New Castle Counties. (McCreary, Conrad). WASHINGTON - Adult and larval damage in city of Yakima. (Landis). WHITE PINE WEEVIL (Pissodes strobi) - VIRGINIA - Damaged most of native and planted stand of white pine locally inMontgomery County. (Rowell). MIMOSA WEBWORM (Homadaula albizziae) - MARYLAND - First infestation noted Lanham. (U. Md., Ent. Dept.). DELAWARE — Low populations scattered in Kent and Sussex Counties. (McCreary, Conrad). INSECTS AFFECTING MAN AND ANIMALS MOSQUITOES - NORTH CAROLINA - Aedes sollicitans heavy in Dare County, especially around Oregon Inlet. Light around Mantéo, fairly heavy in Hyde and Pamlico Counties. (Usry). MINNESOTA - In 213 larval collections in Twin City area, Culex territans was present in 138 and in 23 biting collections, Aedes vexans was found in 15. (Minn. Ins. Rpt.)-. NEVADA - Aedes nigromaculis increasing in Minden area, Douglas County (Roberts, June 27) and Aedes spp. heavy in Gabbs, Nye Countye (Rebuffo, June 27). CALIFORNIA - Light trap collections indicate Culex tarsalis most numerous species. C. stigmatosoma second most numerous in central coastal area and Sacramento Valley, replaced by C. quin- quefasciatus in San Joaquin Valley. Culiseta inornata occurred more widely in central coastal area than elsewhere. (Peters) . HORN FLY (Siphona irritans) - OKLAHOMA - Averaged 200-300 per cow in north- western counties. (Coppock). NEVADA - Increasing in Douglas County. (Roberts, June 27). TABANIDS — ARKANSAS — Remained numerous in most areas of State. (Ark. Ins. RD ite) as SWALLOW BUG (Oeciacus vicarius) - IDAHO - Heavy in a sawmill at Bovill, many workers bitten. (Manis). 619 BENEFICIAL INSECTS HONEY BEE (Apis mellifera) - RHODE ISLAND - Swarming remains common. Three cases of foul brood discovered in Washington County. (Mathewson, Bannister, Boaro). MINNESOTA - Sweetclover bloom has started in Twin City area and bee colonies are gaining very rapidly. (Minn. Ins. Rpt.). PREDATORS - ARIZONA - Increasing in all southern cotton fields, with as many as 30 lady beetles per 100 sweeps and 15-20 lacewings. (Miller). Collops sp., Nabis sp. and spiders continue abundant in most fields. (Bottger, Sheets, Kaufman) . MISCELLANEOUS INSECTS ANTS - CONNECTICUT - Tetramorium caespitum and Camponotus herculeanus pennsyl- vanicus infested numerous homes, especially basements, during June. (Johnson) . RHODE ISLAND —- Alates of C. herculeanus pennsylvanicus generally evident. (Mathewson, Caroselli). ~ A CAMEL CRICKET —- NORTH DAKOTA - Continued reports of home infestations in southeastern area of State. (N. D. Ins. Rpt.). EUROPEAN EARWIG (Foricula auricularia) - MASSACHUSETTS - Very abundant and destructive to seedlings and Small transplants. (Wheeler, June 30). RHODE ISLAND - Very heavy in and around Providence area. (Mathewson). Also in South Kingston. (Howard). CONNECTICUT - Invaded numerous homes and grounds in Westville area of New Haven. (Johnson). NEVADA - Caused moderate to heavy damage to plants in Reno-Sparks area, Washoe County. (Bechtel, Lauderdale, June 27). FOUR-LINED PLANT BUG (Poecilocapsus lineatus) - MASSACHUSETTS - Very abundant at Cambridge, killing weeds and moved to chrysanthemums and tomatoes. (Wheeler, June 30). Wt haS WHITE-FRINGED BEETLES (Coa) - FLORIDA - Larvae and pupae collected June 11 at Bratt, Escambia County. First adult reported June 11 at Milton, Santa Rosa County, and larvae collected in Walton County June 27. Gila Coopa Surk)). 620 LIGHT TRAP COLLECTIONS Pseud. Agrot. Prod. Perid. Protoparce Heliothis Un pee sys ornith. marg. sexta quingq. zea vires. ARKANSAS Atkins 6/19-25 10 21 2 48 Fayetteville 6 16 9 17 Hope 1 2 Kelso 1 16 13 4 Morrilton 48 16 16 Stuttgart Uf 4 13 4 FLORIDA Gainesville 7/1 aL Quincey 6/30 3 ILLINOIS Urbana 6/27-7/2 299 8 il 97 KANSAS Hays 6/17-30 2766 235 485 2 Manhattan 6/26-30 74 6 20 LOUISIANA Baton Rouge 6/27-7/2 6 2 277 3 NEBRASKA Box Butte 7/1-7 1192 Kearney 639 Lincoln 2953 North Platte 5751 Scottsbluff 417 MAINE Monmouth 6/29-7/5 ils) Orono 6/29-7/5 4 Presque Isle 6/22-28 2 MARYLAND Fairland 6/27-7/2 7 8 2 4 MISSISSIPPI *Stoneville 6/27-7/3 89 74 200 17 9 4 NORTH CAROLINA Clayton 7/3 1 13 2 7 Faison 7/3 7 2 2 SOUTH CAROLINA Charleston 6/23-29 4 4 32 8 2 8 3 Clemson 6/28-7/4 3 nS 18 8 5 35 1 Florence 6/29-7/5 abal 24 176 30 7 2 504 78 TEXAS Brownsville 6/16-27 3 2 31 108 2 ¥*Four traps — Stoneville 621 INSECTS NOT KNOWN TO OCCUR IN THE UNITED STATES LARGE WHITE BUTTERFLY (Pieris brassicae (L.)) Economic Importance: Sporadic outbreaks of this pest occur throughout most of Europe. Such infestations cause serious losses to crucifers in Europe and Asia, and on occasions complete loss of the crop has been reported. The populations were so heavy in 1927 in Poland that control measures were not effective in preventing destruction of most of the food plants. Many host plants have been occasionally attacked. In Turkestan, USSR, during 1913, 90 percent of the cotton crop was destroyed in some areas. Generally the late broods are the most serious and are largely migrant. Serious populations have resulted in England from butterfly flights from the Continent, and large migrations have been observed in Switzerland passing over the Jura Mountains and the Alps southward. Distribution: Occurs throughout Europe, North Africa and the Middle East generally and range extends through northern India and southern Siberia to Tibet and China. Hosts: Feeds on many crucifers, garden and ornamental plants; but’ generally seems to prefer crucifers. ® General Distribution of Pieris brassicae (Pieridae, Lepidoptera) No. 54 of Series 622 Life History and Habits: Adults emerge from the overwintering pupae in April or May. Eggs are laid in clusters, but sometimes singly, on the under surface of leaves, each cluster consists of 4 to 100 eggs. Eggs hatch in 5 to 8 days and larvae feed through five instars. The total period from egg to mature larva varies from 4 to 6 weeks. The chrysalis is attached to plants, sticks, stones, and especially to walls and fences. In England, there are generally two broods a year, the first laying eggs in May and the second in July and August. In USSR, however, three broods are reported, and sometimes a partial fourth brood is produced, though this is unusual. Normally the latter broods are heavily attacked by parasites. Description: The adults of Pieris brassicae and P. rapae are similar in general coloration and markings, but P. brassicae is the lTarger of the two species, having a wing expanse of 60 mm. compared to 50 mm. in P. rapae. The markings on the wings of P. brassicae are as follows: , Female forewing with blotch of black at tip, round spot near center of wing, another spot nearer the inner margin, and a tapering spot on the inner margin of its point toward the base of the wing. One spot on hindwing, situated near middle of coastal margin. No markings on forewing of male, with exception of those at tips. The larvae of P. brassicae and P. rapae more readily distinguishable; ground color of P. brassicae blue-green, spotted with black and P. rapae an intense leaf green, ‘also spotted with black. In P. brassicae, a narrow, yellow median dorsal stripe is present, with two similar, but wider, stripes present on the sides. The median dorsal stripe in the larva of P. rapae, orange, with a broken yellow stripe on each side. Surface of body in both species covered with small, warty projections, each containing a hair. (Prepared in Plant Pest Survey Section in cooperation with other ARS agencies.) CEIR 8(28) 7-11-58 Larva Female Male Figures (except map): All stages from Rostrup, S. and Thomsen, M. 1931. Die Tierischen Schadlinge des Ackerbause. 367pp., Berlin. arval damage from Balachowsky, A. and Mesnil, L. 1936. Les Insectes Nuisibles aux Plantes Cultivees. Vol. 2, pp. 1141-1921. Paris. st ION A RICULTURAL Zinc SERVIC AGRICULTURAL RESEARCH SERVICE PLANT PEST CONTROL DIVISION PLANT PEST SURVEY SECTION The Cooperative Economic Insect Report is issued weekly as a service to American Agriculture. Its contents are compiled from information supplied by cooperating State, Federal, and industrial entomologists and other agricultural workers. In releasing this material the Division serves as a clearing house and doesnot assume responsibility for ac- curacy of the material. Reports and inquiries pertaining to this release should be mailed to: Plant Pest Survey Section Plant Pest Control Division Agricultural Research Service United States Department of Agriculture Washington 25, D. C. Volume 8 July 18, 1958 Number 29 COOPERATIVE ECONOMIC INSECT REPORT Highlights of Insect Conditions EUROPEAN CORN BORER caused moderate to severe stalk breakage on Eastern Shore of Maryland. (p. 625). Infestation north central Iowa lower than in 1957. Larval counts heavy in southeastern South Dakota. (p. 626). CORN LEAF APHID heavier than usual in Alabama, heavy in some fields in Garvin County, Texas. (p. 627). SOUTHWESTERN CORN BORER found for first time in Craighead and Phillips Counties, Arkansas. (p. 627). Several severe ARMYWORM infestations in North Dakota. Damaged rye in Roberts County, South Dakota. (p. 627). Heavy light trap catches. (p. 640). FALL ARMYWORM lighter than in past four seasons in Arkansas. (p. 628). WEBWORMS moderate to severe in North Dakota. (p. 628). MEADOW SPITTLEBUG adults abundant in some locations of Iowa, Illinois and Ohio. (p. 629). First 1958 report of SPOTTED ALFALFA APHID in Nebraska. (p. 630). BEET LEAFHOPPER numerous in areas of several States, curly top incidence rather high in some areas. Some control of breeding areas in Idaho. (p. 633). Fifth POTATO PSYLLID survey in Colorado, Wyoming and Nebraska. (p. 633).° PINK BOLLWORM found for first time since 1947 in Maricopa County, Arizona. (p. 636). LYGUS BUGS increasing in cotton in area of Arizona and in Tennessee; major problem in many cotton fields in southern New Mexico. (p. 636). NEW STATE RECORDS: An APHID on wheat in Minnesota (p. 629), a SPITTLEBUG in Tennessee (p. 630) and BIRCH LEAF MINER in Indiana (p. 638). CORRECTIONS. (p. 640). ADDITIONAL NOTES. (p. 637). FR ARI I I 2 6 2 2 I kg 2K I kK ok kK KK CORRECTION: An error was made in the printing of the cover for the Index to Volume 7, 1957. The top of the outside cover should read - Volume 7 Index - 1957 in place of Volume 8, No. 1 - January 3, 1958. This was mailed with the July 11 issue of the Report. FRE I IC AE 2c ke 2 2k kek CRC ie ke ak kc a ak kc Reports in this issue are for the week ending July 11, unless otherwise designated. 624 WEATHER OF THE WEEK ENDING JULY 14 One of the longest heat waves since 1940 in the Far Southwest and range and forest fires in Oregon highlighted the hot, dry weather west of the Continental Divide, in Texas and the southwestern Great Plains. Frequent thunderstorms, some with damaging winds and hail, local flood producing rains and high humidity made up the weather pattern in most of the remainder of the country. The week was unusually cool for July in middle and northern portions of the mid-Continent area as a result of successive surges of cool Canadian air into those areas, and near normal temperatures prevailed in the South and East. On the llth, the month-old heat wave in the Far Southwest pushed the mercury up to 118° and 111° at Phoenix and Tucson, Arizona, respectively, temperatures which matched the all-time highs at both places. On the 13th, Roswell, New Mexico, with 109° and Lubbock, Texas, with 106° recorded their highest temperatures for that date. More Showers in north central areas were beneficial in maintaining and helping to replenish soil moisture. However, livestock and irrigation-water supplies are still very short in many localities of northeastern Montana. In the southwestern Great Plains, dryland sections of New Mexico need rain, and 3 weeks of hot, dry weather, have nearly depleted soil moisture supplies in the low rolling plains and northern plateau: sections of Texas. Heavy rains the past week satisfactorily replenished soil moisture in most of Tennessee and northern portions of Alabama and Georgia. High winds caused much property damage in the vicinity of Topeka and other areas of Kansas, and a flash flood at Atchison, Kansas, took several lives. Flash floods in north central Illinois, resulting from 8 to 10 inches of rain during the night of July 13-14, caused considerable damage. (Summary supplied by U. S. Weather Bureau.) WEATHER BUREAU 30-DAY OUTLOOK MID-JULY TO MID-AUGUST 1958 The Weather Bureau's 30-day outlook for mid-July to mid-August calls for temperatures to average above normal over the southern third of the nation, along the west coast and in the middle Atlantic States. Below normal tempera- tures are in prospect for the northern half of the country between the eastern Great Lakes and the northern Rocky Mountain States. In unspecified areas near normal averages are indicated. Precipitation in the northern half of the country is expected to exceed normal between the Rockies and the Appalachians. Subnormal rainfall is indicated for the Gulf and South Atlantic States as well as the far West. Elsewhere near normal rainfall amounts are predicted. Weather forecast given here is based on the official 30-day "Resume and Outlook", published twice a month by the Weather Bureau. You can subscribe through Superintendent of Documents, Washington 25, D. C. Price $4.80 a year, $2.40 a half year. 625 CEREAL AND FORAGE INSECTS GRASSHOPPERS - ILLINOIS - Light to moderate, concentrated in fencerows, road- Sides, grass waterways and ditch banks. Attacked marginal rows of soybeans and corn in some instances. Moderate to heavy in occasional southern hay fields. (I11. Ins. Rpt.). LOUISIANA - Increased considerably in pasture grasses throughout State. Neoconocephalus sp. remained most abundant. (Spink). WISCONSIN - Remained generally low, but warm weather following rain stimulated hatching of Melanoplus femur-rubrum. Alfalfa fields with significant numbers, few. Up to 27 nymphs per Square yard in a Winnebago County field. (Wis. Coop. Sur.). MINNESOTA - M. bivittatus hatch nearly complete in west central and northwest districts, most nymphs in first to third instars, few fourth instar. Occasional adult of M. bilituratus and M. differentialis in some fields. Recent rains caused heavy mortality of grasshopper nymphs in some areas. Counts of 20-40 per square yard in field margins in western Polk and Roseau Counties, predominantly first to third instar M. bivittatus. (Minn. Ins. Rpt.). NORTH DAKOTA - Light to threatening in an area along Benson—Pierce County line and area west of Cando, Towner County. Adult M. bivittatus averaged 5-30 per square yard in field crops in Benson-Pierce County area, with severe leaf stripping in field margins. (N. D. Ins. Rpt.). SOUTH DAKOTA - M. bilituratus infestations spotty in Bennett, Shannon and Washabaugh Counties, as well as Fall River, Custer, Pennington and Lawrence Counties from flights entering State. Averaged 1-15 per square yard in fields. Approximately 20,000 acres treated in Martin area, Bennett County. (Hantsbarger). TEXAS - Considerable progress made in rangeland control program in northern panhandle counties. (Gaines). Through July 11 total of 696,514 acres of roadsides, range and idle lands treated under cooperative control program. (PPC). IDAHO - Hatch continued in Nez Perce and Latah Counties. Numbers large enough to be problem in some crop areas in Madison and Butte Counties. Late-instar nymphs and adults, predominantly M. bivittatus and M. bilituratus, varied 5-300 in con- trol areas of Nez Perce and Latah Counties. Concentrating on vegetative covering. Approximately 30,000 acres of this area treated as of July 10. (Evans, Gittins). NEVADA - Damage to grain and some alfalfa caused mostly by nymphs of Trimero- tropis spp. Numbers varied from field to field. (Bechtel). UTAH - Hatch extremely heavy at Keg Mountain in Delta area, Millard County, on rangelands and railroad right-of-ways and heavy on range in Karp area, Beaver County. M. packardii and M. bilituratus caused damage near Circleville and at Marysvale. Treatment applied to 140 acres of rangeland south of Hatch. (Knowlton). COLORADO - Situation subsiding with harvest of grain crops. (Ext. Serv., Exp. Sta.). Through July 11 total of 1,445,595 acres of roadsides, rangeland and idle lands treated under cooperative control program. (PPC) . MORMON CRICKET (Anabrus simplex) - UTAH - Outbreak reported near Enterprise. Bait applied to 2,000 acres of Piute County. Reported in Alton area, Kane County. (Knowlton). EUROPEAN CORN BORER (Pyrausta nubilalis) - NEW JERSEY - Damage light in fields observed, Burlington County. (ins. Dis. Newsl.). PENNSYLVANIA - Larvae as large as one-half inch long feeding in whorls of field corn in Franklin County. No serious injury. (Pepper). MARYLAND - Increased in early planted sweet and field corn in central area and on Eastern Shore. Heavy in many early-planted sweet corn fields, damage from stalk breakage moderate to severe. Pupation about complete, emergence underway on lower Eastern Shore, July 10. (U. Md., Ent. Dept.). VIRGINIA - Attacking small corn acreages in Wythe, Russell, Pittsylvania and Middlesex Counties, with some damage. (Morris, et al.). Total of 391 moths taken in light trap at Painter, Accomack County, in one night. Larvae in about 50 percent of ears or shanks and in most stalks of sweet corn at Painter. (Hofmaster). NORTH CAROLINA - Averaged 3-4 larvae per stalk in 17 acres of corn, Surry County. (Shaw, Rabb). WISCONSIN - First-brood populations low in southern 626 and western sections. Observations indicate continued moth flight and recent egg laying in field and sweet corn in vicinity of Lake Winnebago. No egg development and no larval feeding in Outagamie County, July 9. Egg develop- ment and larval feeding noted in Winnebago, Fond du Lac and Dodge Counties, but not in Outagamie County. (Wis. Coop. Sur.). ALABAMA - Most larvae pup- ated, second moth flight well underway in northern part of State. Eggs being deposited on young corn. (Eden, Ruffin). MINNESOTA - Cool nights retarded moth flights and egg deposition in all districts. Further extensive egg deposition not expected. Egg mass and whorl feeding counts for southwest were 12 and 88; southeast were 0 and 20; for central district, 0 and 4; west central 0 and 8. Indications are first generation borer populations are considerably less than expected based on spring surveys. (Minn. Ins. Rpt.). OHIO - Averaged 47.8 larvae per 100 plants in 25 percent of plants in untreated check plots of early sweet corn at Columbus. First second-generation pupae observed July 9. (Triplehorn). IOWA - Infestation in corn averaged 61 percent in 32 Boone County fields, compared with 66.6 percent, same period 1957. Infestation in north central part of State averaged 24.8 percent as compared with 57.3 percent for same time in 1957. In the north central area there are fewer than half as many infested plants and only 25 percent as many borers per 100 plants as in 1957, but larval development is similar to or ahead of 1957. (Iowa Ins. Inf.). INDIANA - Larvae, mostly second instar, infested 8 plants per 100 in 60-66 inch corn in Newton County. Few egg masses found. (Gould). MISSOURI - Approximately 50 percent pupation, 10 percent emergence in southeast section. Egg-laying beginning. Approximately 50 percent of first-brood larvae parasitized by Lydella sp. (Jackson, Peters). Larvae now 85 percent fourth and fifth instars in central section. Pupation about 4 percent, but only in earliest corn. (Munson). ARKANSAS — Continued to emerge, eggs being laid in several areas of State. (Ark. Ins. Rpt.). NORTH DAKOTA - Egg-laying underway in eastern counties, with 50 egg masses per 100 plants in one early field near Erie, Cass County. (N. D. Ins. Rpt.). SOUTH DAKOTA - Egg hatch complete, shothole injury in 74 percent of plants and first to fourth-instar larvae, predominantly third instar, averaged 343 per 100 plants in southeast region. In south central region egg masses averaged 12 per 100 plants with shothole injury in 36 percent of plants and first to third-instar larvae, predominantly second instar, averaged 198 per 100 plants. Egg masses averaged 11 per 100 plants in east central region, shothole injury evident in 18 percent of plants and larvae, predominantly first instar (ranging first to second instar) averaged 68 per 100 plants. (Hantsbarger). BILLBUGS -— NORTH CAROLINA —- Calendra spp. local in corn in Beaufort County. (Jones, Farrier). Severe on 3-4 acres of corn, Craven County. (Farrier). CORN EARWORM (Heliothis zea) - NEW JERSEY - Only one egg per 150 stalks observed July 3. Mature larvae in emerging tassels. (Ins. Dis. Newsl.). MARYLAND - Light in whorls and tassels of early corn, Queen Annes County. (U. Md., Ent. Dept.). VIRGINIA - Damaged some sweet corn in Bedford County, allowing sap beetles to gain entrance to developing ears. (Rowell). Infesting 15-20 percent of sweet corn at Painter, Accomack County. (Hofmaster). ALABAMA - Eggs light to moderate on silks of early corn in northeast area. Few adults seen. (Grimes). Adults prevalent on peanuts in southeast area. (Eden). OHIO - Examination of ears from untreated check plots of very early sweet corn at Columbus indicated only 6 percent infestation. (Triplehorn). OKLAHOMA -— Numbers in ear corn in Johnston and Marshall Counties reduced sharply, apparently due to disease. Medium to heavy in Garvin County. (Coppock). Populations down in central area, very little egg deposition on corn. (Arbuthnot). TEXAS — Light in grain sorghum and corn, Jones County. (Turney). UTAH - Larvae numerous in corn, some damage to tassels, Washington County. Appears threatening in Davis, Box Elder and Cache Counties. (Knowlton). COLORADO - Being taken in light traps in Baca, Otero and Mesa Counties. ("x Sta.). 627 CORN LEAF APHID (Rhopalosiphum maidis) - ALABAMA - General in early corn in several northeast counties. Heavier than usual for this season of year. (Grimes). NORTH DAKOTA - Few scattered infestations in late fields of oats and barley, generally light. Few fields required control. (N. D. Ins. Rpt.). UTAH - Damaged few fields of barley in Delta area, Millard County, and several fields of spring barley at Escalante, Garfield County. Many lady beetles present in latter location. (Knowlton). TEXAS - Heavy on corn and grain sorghum, Jones County. Medium on grain sorghum, Jefferson County. (Turney, Hawkins). OKLAHOMA —- Light, general in sorghum, central, eastern and south central counties. Heavy (to tens of thousands per plant) in some fields in Garvin County. (Coppock) . CHINCH BUG (Blissus leucopterus) - OKLAHOMA - Averaged 0.5 adult per seedling sorghum plant, Stillwater area. (Henderson). Generally medium to heavy on mature sorghum and corn, south central counties. Light, scattered damage to late-planted sorghums in same area. (Coppock). CORN SILK BEETLE (Luperodes brunneus) - MISSISSIPPI - Heavy on corn in Oktibbeha County, feeding on silks. (Young). FLEA BEETLES - OKLAHOMA - Common in scattered fields of young sorghum, south central counties. Numbers down in all areas. (Henderson, Coppock). UTAH - Chaetocnema pulicaria damaged young corn and milo in parts of Washington County. (Knowlton) . SAP BEETLES - VIRGINIA - Heavy on sweet corn, Page and King George Counties. (Rowell, Allison, Hall). Very numerous, adults present on every sweet corn ear at Painter Branch Station of Virginia Truck Experiment Station, Accomack County. (Hofmaster). Caused heavy damage to field corn, King George and Charlotte Counties. (Rowell, Hall, Morton). Present in every sample of damaged corn. (Morris). NORTH CAROLINA - Injured ears of sweet corn, Iredell and Randolph Counties. (Ivy, Young, Farrier). SOUTHERN CORNSTALK BORER (Diatraea crambidoides) - NORTH CAROLINA - Infested 15 percent of stalks in 10-acre corn field, 2 percent in two other fields on same farm, Northampton County. (Wright, Farrier). ALABAMA - Most larvae have pupated in northern part of State. (Ruffin, Eden). SOUTHWESTERN CORN BORER (Zeadiatraea grandiosella) - ARKANSAS —- Emergence about 12 percent. Found for first time in Craighead and Phillips Counties. (Ark. Inst. Rpt.). LOUISIANA - Larvae, apparently second generation, infested 70 percent of corn plants in one field at Belcher. (Spink). OKLAHOMA - Second-generation eggs present in Stillwater area. (Arbuthnot) . STALK BORER (Papaipema nebris) - INDIANA - Caused serious destruction to out-— side 4 rows in corn in Starke County, with some injury over to eighth row, in area approximately 500 feet long adjacent to weedy fence row. Also damaged corn in Howard County, east of Kokomo. Killed 4 rows along field edge. (Gould). PENNSYLVANIA - Injured garden sweet corn in Franklin County. (Pepper). Appears more abundant generally than usual. (Udine). SUGARCANE BORER (Diatraea saccharalis) - TEXAS - In Jefferson County grain sorghum. (Hawkins). A WEEVIL (Anacentrinus deplanatus) - TEXAS - Heavy in grain sorghum in McLennan County. (Morris). ARMYWORM (Pseudaletia unipuncta) - NORTH DAKOTA - Several severe infestations confined to heavy stands of rye at Wahpeton, LaMoure and Dwight, Richland County, at Leonard in Cass County and at Ellendale, Dickey County. Larvae near maturity, some pupation. Averaged 12-20 larvae per square foot, highest in field margins, with 20-30 percent of heads clipped in some fields. Survey 628 in other cereals from South Dakota border to Grand Forks showed only small numbers at most locations. No damage observed. Largest larvae about half- grown. (N. D. Ins. Rpt.). DELAWARE - Averaged one small larva per 10 sweeps in alfalfa statewide. Heavy adult flights July 5-6, New Castle County. (MacCreary, Conrad). ILLINOIS - Averaged 1.2 per linear foot in rank grains in northern area. In most heavily infested fields 30-50 percent mortality from parasites and disease. (111. Ins. Rpt.). SOUTH DAKOTA - Damaging in- festations in rye in Roberts County, up to 90 percent of leaves stripped. (Hantsbarger). MINNESOTA - Numerous scattered reports of infestations from west central and northwest districts. Some fields have 8 to 10 per square foot, but infestations spotty. (Minn. Ins. Rpt.). FALL ARMYWORM (Laphygma frugiperda) - INDIANA - Feeding on corn in Starke and Porter Counties. Scattered over field in latter county. (Gould). TEXAS - Larvae in fourth and fifth instars on corn, Jones County. (Turney). ALABAMA — Adults prevalent on southern peanuts. (Eden). ARKANSAS - First- generation larvae pupating in southern part of State. Lighter and caused less damage than in past four seasons in this area. (Ark. Ins. Rpt.). OKLAHOMA —- No buildup in alfalfa at present time. All fields surveyed had 3 or less larvae per 10 sweeps. (Coppock). FLORIDA - Averaging 3-5 per plant in 12 acres of millet in Alachua County. (Fla. Coop. Rpt.). GREEN CLOVERWORM (Plathypena scabra) - MARYLAND - Increased on soybeans on lower Eastern Shore. (U. Md., Ent. Dept.). DELAWARE - Prevalent on soy- beans and alfalfa statewide. (MacCreary, Conrad). LESSER CLOVER LEAF WEEVIL (Hypera nigrirostris) - WYOMING - Caused consider- able damage to red clover, Teton County, very little damage in Park County. (Davison). RICE STINK BUG (Oebalus pugnax) - LOUISIANA - Average of 112 per 100 sweeps on rice at Gueydan. Grass abundant in fields. (Spink). A HESPERID - LOUISIANA - Larvae infesting Bermuda grass pasture in Lafayette Parish. As high as 16 per square foot of sod. (Spink). HESSIAN FLY (Phytophaga destructor) -— SOUTH DAKOTA - Damage on winter wheat in west central area. (Hantsbarger). CUTWORMS —- NEVADA - Moderate to severe damage to alfalfa in Yerington area, Lyon County. (Batchelder, Lauderdale). ENGLISH GRAIN APHID (Macrosiphum granarium) - NORTH DAKOTA - Declined rapid- ly, with only occasional late grain field showing more than a trace. Lady beetles, lacewings and syrphids numerous in most fields. (N. D. Ins. Rpt.). THRIPS -— NORTH DAKOTA - Not abundant in southwestern counties, with less than 2 adults per 10 plants. Eggs hatching in Grand Forks County. Nymphs averaged 10 per plant. Not considered economic. (Post). Adults high in few late fields of barley in parts of western Cass County. Averaged 5 per stem. (N. D. Ins. Rpt.). UTAH - Numerous on blooming alfalfa, sometimes on wheat, western Millard County. (Knowlton). NEW MEXICO - Heavy in seed alfalfa near Hagerman and Dexter, Chaves County. (N. M. Coop. Rpt.). WEBWORMS —- NORTH DAKOTA - Moderate to severe, damaged soybeans, wheat and flax crops at scattered locations in all areas of State. Considerable control being applied. (N. D. Ins. Rpt.). OKLAHOMA —- Greatly reduced in eastern and southern sections; averaged 0-3 per 10 sweeps in most alfalfa fields. (Coppock). 629 BLISTER BEETLES - NEBRASKA - Epicauta fabricii and Epicauta sp. averaged 32 per 100 sweeps in alfalfa in both the east and west. (Andersen). COLORADO - Continue to cause damage. (Ext. Serv., Exp. Sta.). ALABAMA - Caused mod- erate damage to alfalfa, De Kalb County. (Grimes). AN APHID (Toxoptera viridi-rubra) - MINNESOTA - Collected on wheat from Warren area. First record for State and first record for this species on wheat according to A. A. Granovsky who made the determination. (Minn. Ins. Rpt.). APPLE GRAIN APHID (Rhopalosiphum fitchii) - MAINE - General on oats at Presque Isle. Lady beetles keeping populations down. Heavy on oats in central section of State. Some growers treating. (Shands). WHEAT-HEAD ARMYWORM (Faronta diffusa) - SOUTH DAKOTA - Scattered infestation in western area wheat. Considerable damage in Haakon County. (Hantsbarger). A LEAFHOPPER - TEXAS - Caused some damage to rice in Jefferson County. (Hawkins) . RICE WATER WEEVIL (Lissorhoptrus oryzophilus) - TEXAS - First generation pupating in rice fields in Beaumont area, Jefferson County. (Hawkins). SOUTHWESTERN CORN: BORER (Zeadiatraea grandiosella) - NEW MEXICO - Heavy in sweet corn at Ft. Sumner, De Baca County. (Naas Coop.7 Rpt... ALFALFA WEEVIL (Hypera postica) - NEBRASKA - Larvae damaged alfalfa in Scotts Bluff, Banner, Morrill and Cheyenne Counties. Averaged 80 larvae and 8 adults per 100 sweeps. (Andersen). MARYLAND - Adults light to moderate on alfalfa, Frederick County. (U. Md., Ent. Dept.). CABBAGE LOOPER (Trichoplusia ni) - DELAWARE - In alfalfa in New Castle County and one red clover field in central Sussex County. (MacCreary, Conrad). LYGUS BUGS (Lygus spp.) - WYOMING - Averaged 17 per 50 sweeps at Torrington, Goshen County, and 48 per 40 sweeps at Riverton, Fremont County, in alfalfa. (Davison). DELAWARE - L. lineolaris nymphs numerous in alfalfa, western Kent County, adults quite numerous in same crop, southern Sussex County. Lygus spp. quite common in alfalfa statewide. (MacCreary, Conrad). NEW MEXICO - Damaged seed alfalfa, Chaves and Eddy Counties. (N. M. Coop. Rpt.). IDAHO - Extremely abundant in alfalfa seed fields north of Bonners Ferry and western Franklin County. Considerable damage in latter area. (Gittins, Roberts). SOUTH DAKOTA - Abundant in scattered alfalfa fields in eastern and south central areas, up to 50 per 10 sweeps. (Hantsbarger) . MEADOW SPITTLEBUG (Philaenus leucophthalmus) —- IOWA —- Abundant in corn fields and in oats in Clayton County and in a nursery at Charles City. (Iowa Ins. Inf.). CALIFORNIA - Light in sweetclover in Pepperwood area, Humboldt County. (Cal. Coop. Rpt.). ILLINOIS —- Adults averaged 1,300 per 100 sweeps in northwest alfalfa and clover, 1,075 in northeast. (111. Ins. Rpt.). OHIO — Mostly adults. In typical unsprayed fields adult population dropped from 29.3 per sweep on June 18 to 9.6 per sweep July 10 on account of dis- persal. Highest adult population at Wooster was 178 adults on June 16. (Treece) . PALE-STRIPED FLEA BEETLE (Systena blanda) - DELAWARE - Unusually common in red clover, central New Castle County. (MacCreary, Conrad). 630 PEA APHID (Macrosiphum pisi) - NEBRASKA - Declined. Averaged 400 per 100 sweeps in east central Platte Valley, 196 per 100 sweeps in panhandle counties. (Andersen). MARYLAND - Generally light in alfalfa in central counties. (U. Md., Ent. Dept.). OKLAHOMA - Remained very light and scattered in alfalfa throughout State. (Coppock). NEVADA - Heavy one area Nye County. (Parker). ILLINOIS - Northwestern section averaged 1540 per 100 sweeps, southeastern 1172, other sections 300 to 700. (111. Ins. Rpt.). IOWA - Abundant in northwest area. (lowaIns))\init 2). POPATO LEAFHOPPER (Empoasca fabae) - INDIANA — Unusually low over State. (Wilson). MARYLAND — Increased on alfalfa, particularly in central counties. Up to 12 per sweep on Frederick County alfalfa. (U. Md., Ent. Dept.). DELAWARE —- Marked increase in adults and nymphs on alfalfa and clover throughout State. (MacCreary, Conrad). WISCONSIN -— Populations very low in northeastern alfalfa, never exceeding 5 per 100 sweeps. (Wis. Coop. Sur.). OHIO - Remains low in northeastern area. Less than 0.5 adult in most fields. (Treece). ILLINOIS - Adults 100 to 200 per 100 sweeps -in all sections. Nymphs 3 to 83 per 100 sweeps. (I11. Ins. Rpt.). IOWA —- Small numbers, 5-6 per 10 sweeps, in alfalfa. (lowa Ins. Inf.). SPOTTED ALFALFA APHID (Therioaphis maculata) - NEBRASKA - Few found in McCook area, Red Willow County. First report for 1958. (Hill). ARIZONA - Damaged 20 acres of alfalfa in Pinal County. (Mendenhall). OKLAHOMA - Low in all sections throughout State. Counts in southern counties ranged 5-40 per 10 sweeps. (Coppock). NEW MEXICO - Several heavy infestations in alfalfa, Chaves and Eddy Counties. (N. M. Coop. Rpt.). NEVADA - Scattered and light in Esmeralda County. (Bechtel). ILLINOIS - None found. (111. Ins. Rpt.). STINK BUGS - UTAH - Chlorochroa sayi damaged some seed alfalfa in Delta area, Millard County. Some control being applied. Averaged 2-4 per sweep in some seed alfalfa fields. (Knowlton). NEW MEXICO - Moderate to heavy; damaged seed alfalfa in Chaves and Lea Counties. (N. M. Coop. Rpt.). NEVADA - C. sayi becoming more numerous in grain in areas of Esmeralda County. (Bechtel). THREE-CORNERED ALFALFA HOPPER (Spissistilus festinus) -—- NEW MEXICO - Averaged 6-14 adults per 100 sweeps in alfalfa at Portales, Roosevelt County. (N. M. Coop. Rpt.). BEAN LEAF BEETLE (Cerotoma trifurcata) - MARYLAND - Caused light to moderate damage to soybeans, Wicomico and Dorchester Counties. (U. Md., Ent. Dept.). JAPANESE BEETLE (Popillia japonica) - DELAWARE - Increased on soybeans, red clover and corn statewide. Caused moderate damage to soybeans in several fields, Kent and Sussex Counties. (MacCreary, Conrad). WESTERN YELLOW-STRIPED ARMYWORM (Prodenia praefica) - CALIFORNIA - Heavy infestations on soybeans in Lakeport area of Lake County. (Cal. Coop. Rpt.). BELLA MOTH (Utetheisa bella) - ALABAMA - Adults prevalent on peanuts in southeast section. (Eden) . FALSE CHINCH BUGS - IDAHO - Nysius ericae mass migrations still occurring in Twin Falls area. Species previously reported as unidentified. (T. F. F. S.). UTAH - Very abundant on farms and rangeland over State, much above normal. (Knowlton). A SPITTLEBUG (Lepyronia quadrangularis) - TENNESSEE - Abundant on Johnson grass middle of June at Brentwood Hall, Nashville area. First report of species from Tennessee. Det. L. M. Russell. (Bruer). WESTERN HARVESTER ANT (Pogonomyrmex occidentalis) -— NEW MEXICO —- Active on rangeland in Union, Harding and San Miguel Counties. (N. M. Coop. Rpt.). 631 FRUIT INSECTS EUROPEAN RED MITE (Panonychus ulmi) - PENNSYLVANIA - Populations increasing on apple in south central area. (Pepper). DELAWARE - Increasing on apples in southern Sussex County. (Kelsey). OHIO - Populations increasing. (Cutright). INDIANA - Increased rapidly in Vincennes area, where controls allowed to lapse. Bronzing of apple in some instances. Continued as predominant species of orchard mites in the area. (Hamilton). UTAH - A serious outbreak at Providence in apple orchard. This species rarely abundant this season to July 8. (Knowlton). TWO-SPOTTED SPIDER MITE (Tetranychus telarius) - MICHIGAN - Numerous in orchard ground cover. (Hutson). PENNSYLVANIA - Increasing on apple in south central area. (Pepper). COLORADO - Building up on apple and peaches in Mesa and Delta Counties, (Exp. Sta.). MITES - ILLINOIS - Tetranychus schoenei and/or T. canadensis in small areas, many orchards, Carbondale area. One population reached more than 40 per leaf on apples. (Meyer). INDIANA - Tetranychus spp. increased most rapidly on apples where not controlled in Orleans area. (Marshall). CALIFORNIA - Bryobia praetiosa complex heavy on apple trees in Anza area, Riverside County and medium in Petrolia area, Humboldt County. Eriophyes vitis heavy on grapes in Placerville, El Dorado County. (Cal. Coop. Rpt.). MISSISSIPPI - Panonychus citri moderate on citrus in Jackson County. (Colmer). NEW MEXICO - Bryobia praetiosa complex still a problem in several orchards in Otero, Lincoln and De Baca Counties. Tetranychus sp. building up on apple foliage at Ft. Sumner, De Baca County. Causing some browning of foliage. (N. M. Coop. Rpt.). CODLING MOTH (Carpocapsa pomonella) - PENNSYLVANIA —- Moths of first and second generation present in South central area. Larvae entering apples in greater numbers than in several years. (Pepper). DELAWARE - Adult emergence began July 7 from larval-infested apples collected June 19 in New Castle County. (MacCreary, Conrad). NEW JERSEY - Activity very low. (Ins. Dis. Newsl.). MASSACHUSETTS - First brood through egg laying and hatching in most orchards in Amherst area. (Crop. Pest Cont. Mess.). WEST VIRGINIA - Fruit in tops of apple trees being damaged in Berkeley and Jefferson Counties. (W. Va. Ins. Sur.). OHIO - Marked increase in activity June 30-July 10. First larvae leaving apples, July 6. (Cutright). INDIANA - First larvae of summer brood have hatched at Orleans. (Marshall). First-brood moths emerged at Vincennes July 2. Second-brood entries will occur in orchards about July 10. (Hamilton). ILLINOIS - First second-generation moths observed June 29 at Carbondale. Three to four-day old larvae in apples July 8. (Meyer). WISCONSIN: - Light to moderate populations of pupae, adults and eggs, oviposition continuing in Door County, week ending June 28. (Wis. Coop. Sur.). MISSOURI - Much activity in most of State. Effect of control of second brood will soon be apparent. (Wkly. Rpt. Fr. Grs.). UTAH - Some damage in Washington County. (Knowlton). COLORADO - Second brood expected week of July 8 in Garfield County. (Exp. Sta.). RED-BANDED LEAF ROLLER (Argyrotaenia velutinana) - ILLINOIS - Apparently no threat of economic damage developing in Carbondale area, although moths are still present in orchards. Threat may exist where late first brood was numerous. (Meyer). VIRGINIA - Generally prevalent on water sprouts in some northern apple orchards but no commercial damage to July 11 but potential for damage is present. (Hough). MICHIGAN - Second brood hatching at Coloma and Sodus, July 8. (Hutson). PENNSYLVANIA - Moths, eggs and newly-hatched larvae on apple in south central area. (Pepper). A FLEA BEETLE (Altica sp.) - NEW MEXICO - Defoliating young apple trees at Hillsboro, Sierra County, and in Dona Ana County. (N. M. Coop. Rpt.). APPLE APHID (Aphis pomi) - COLORADO - Noticeably heavy populations in areas of Delta County. Control not very successful. (Exp. Sta.). MICHIGAN - Building up at Sodus and Coloma. (Hutson). VIRGINIA - Prevalent on tender terminals 632 and water sprouts in few apple orchards in northern area but no damage to July 11. (Hough). PENNSYLVANIA - In large numbers on watersprouts of apple in south central area. (Pepper). NEW JERSEY - Few present. (Ins. Dis. Newsl.). APPLE MAGGOT (Rhagoletis pomonella) - MINNESOTA - Flies emerged at Preston and LaCrescent, July 4 and in Twin City area, July 8. (Minn. Ins. Rpt.). OHIO - First flies in cage July 4, in traps July 5. (Cutright). LESSER APPLEWORM (Grapholitha prunivora) - CALIFORNIA - Medium on peach in Escondido area of San Diego County. (Cal. Coop. Rpt.). PLUM CURCULIO (Conotrachelus nenuphar) - GA.- Mid-season varieties of peaches now moving, as well as late varieties. May be subjected to second-brood larvae. No complaints of curculio damage to early varieties. (Snapp). ILLINOIS - Weather very favorable for second-orood development at Carbondale. (Meyer). WISCONSIN - Adults, eggs and larvae light to moderate in apple and cherry orchards, Door County, week ending June 28. (Wis. Coop. Sur.). MICHIGAN - Few adults attacking fruit. (Hutson). WALNUT CATERPILLAR (Datana integerrima) - TEXAS - Second generation heavy on pecans in Dewitt, Gonzales, Guadalupe and Caldwell Counties. (Garner). A WASP MOTH (Lymire edwardsii) - FLORIDA - Larvae averaged hundreds per fig tree of 20 checked at Homstead, Dade County. Host plants occasionally completely defoliated. (Fla. Coop. Sur.). WESTERN CHERRY FRUIT FLY (Rhagoletis cingulata indifferens) - IDAHO - Infesting backyard cherry trees in Nampa. This is first record of the species in Canyon County. Of 3 trees examined, 25-30 percent of cherries had larvae. (Scott, Bechtolt, Hart). FALL WEBWORM (Hyphantria cunea) - ALABAMA - Reported from almost all areas of State. Infestation much heavier on fruit than at same season in 1957. (Pearson, Grimes). OKLAHOMA - Light, scattered infestations on fruit in some South central and eastern counties. (Coppock). GRAPE ROOTWORM (Fidia viticida) - ALABAMA - First adult of year collected in Butler County, week ending July 5. (Grimes). SHOT-HOLE BORER (Scolytus rugulosus) - NEW MEXICO - Killing peach and cherry trees in De Baca County. (N. M. Coop. Rpt.). SCALE INSECTS - CALIFORNIA - Medium infestation of Aonidiella citrina on orange trees in Orland, Glenn County. Lepidosaphes ulmi heavy on apples at San Francisco. Lecanium corni complex heavy on peach trees, Chico area of Butte County.. (CalpCoopmakptuor CITRUS WHITEFLY (Dialeurodes citri) - MISSISSIPPI - Damaging citrus in Jackson County. (Colmer). Citrus Insect Situation, Lake Alfred, Florida, for First Week in July - FLORIDA = PURPLE SCALE activity increased and peak expected about mid-July. FLORIDA RED SCALE declined but sharp increase expected during mid-July. CITRUS RUST MITE increased and expected to increase through July. MEALYBUG infestations on increase. (Pratt, Thompson, Johnson). GRAPE FLEA BEETLE (Altica chalybea) - TENNESSEE - Outbreak in Sevier and Cocke Counties. (Mullett). 633 TRUCK CROP INSECTS BEET LEAFHOPPER (Circulifer tenellus) - UTAH - Curly top loss of tomato plants continues to mount throughout State. Insect extremely numerous on several truck crops. (Knowlton). IDAHO - In extremely large numbers, mostly in nymphal stage, in sugar beet fields near western edge of Twin Falls irrigated tract. Estimates of nymphs from 50-150 per square foot. Incidence of curly top in sugar beets throughout much of south central and southeastern areas far above normal. (T.F.F.S., Fenwick). Control now completed on 3,300 acres of leafhopper breeding areas in eastern Idaho. (Evans). The incidence of curly top on sugar beets and tomatoes is highest reported from Franklin County in the last 10 years. (Roberts). COLORADO - Curly top and leafhoppers in western and eastern areas. In Mesa County some gardens and commercial plantings of tomatoes with 100 percent infection. Leafhoppers 50-100 per 100 sweeps in Garfield County, 100-200 in Mesa County and numerous in Montrose County. Incidence of curly top less than 5 percent along foothills in Larimer and Boulder Counties. (Exp. Sta.). BEET WEBWORM (Loxostege sticticalis) - MINNESOTA - Heavy moth populations in beet fields in northwest district. Some larval control in west Polk County. (Minn. Ins. Rpt.). NEBRASKA - Very light in Scotts Bluff, Morrill and Keith Counties. Counts average 12 larvae per 100 sweeps. (Andersen). WYOMING - No larvae reported or observed in Laramie, Goshen, Niobrara or Platte Counties. Very few adults; this is in contrast to situation end of June. (Davison). POTATO PSYLLID (Paratrioza cocKerelli) - UTAH - Occasional ones taken on potatoes, Davis County. (Knowlton). WYOMING - Populations in Cheyenne area increased markedly. Average of 55 psyllids per 50 sweeps on matrimonyvine. Population decreased in Pine Bluffs area, with average of 10 per 50 sweeps on same host. Average of 4 per 100 sweeps on early potatoes in Goshen County. (Davison). The fifth potato psyllid survey was conducted week of July 7. Low populations indicated throughout area. Scottsbluff, NEBRASKA, area averaged 25.4 psyllids per 100 sweeps. Green River, WYOMING, averaged 0.4 and Laramie 4.08. Ault-Greeley, COLORADO, area averaged 29.7 and Pueblo- La Junta 10.5. West of the mountains at Grand Junction only a trace and Provo-Logan area averaged 1.64. Cool temperature and continued rains throughout the region probably account for reduced populations. (PPC). POTATO FLEA BEETLE (Epitrix cucumeris) - MINNESOTA - Some spraying in Red River Valley. (Minn. Ins. Rpt.). DELAWARE —- Moderate damage to potatoes in New Castle and central Kent Counties. (MacCreary, Conrad). POTATO LEAFHOPPER (Empoasca fabae) - INDIANA - Populations on beans and potatoes low. (Gould). DELAWARE - Prevalent on potatoes in New Castle County. (MacCreary, Conrad). MARYLAND - Increasing on beans in most sections. Control may be needed. (U. Md., Ent. Dept.). HORNWORMS (Protoparce spp.) - NEW MEXICO - Damaging tomatoes in Luna and Lea Counties. Also problem in home gardens throughout State. (N. M. Coop. Rpt.). VIRGINIA - Light on tomatoes in scattered fields of Northumberland County. Control by airplane spraying some areas. (Saville). TOMATO FRUITWORM (Heliothis zea) - ALABAMA - Light damage to tomatoes in central and northern areas. (Grimes). DELAWARE - Moderate damage to tomato fruit in Sussex County and light feeding on foliage in Kent County. (MacCreary, Conrad). EUROPEAN CORN BORER (Pyrausta nubilalis) - DELAWARE - Adults common in potato fields in New Castle and Kent Counties. Bird predators active on borer-infested potato stalks. (MacCreary, Conrad). MARYLAND - Larvae beginning to show up in peppers in Worcester County. Growers concerned. (U. Md., Ent. Dept.). 634 MEXICAN BEAN BEETLE (Epilachna varivestis) - UTAH - Damage increasing in Salt Lake, Weber, Cache and Box Elder Counties. (Knowlton). COLORADO - Adults low in 4 counties. Not as serious to July 8 as in 1957. (Exp. Sta.). WYOMING - Averaged 4 per 50 sweeps in Goshen County. (Davison). NEBRASKA - Light in some fields of beans in Scotts Bluff and Morrill Counties. Counts average 5 adults and larvae per 100 sweeps. (Andersen). ALABAMA - Moderate on beans in Cherokee County. (Grimes). DELAWARE - Heavy damage to beans in Sussex County. (MacCreary, Conrad). MARYLAND - Heavy damage to unprotected snap beans in Anne Arundel County. (U. Md., Ent. Dept.). BEAN LEAF BEETLE (Cerotoma trifurcata) - ALABAMA - Heavy infestations of field peas in DeKalb and Cherokee Counties. Up to one-half of the foliage destroyed on some plants. (Grimes). TEXAS - Heavy on beans in Tyler County. (Hawkins). GREEN CLOVERWORM (Plathypena scabra) - DELAWARE - Common on lima beans in Sussex County. (MacCreary, Conrad). PEA APHID (Macrosiphum pisi) - WISCONSIN - Counts in peas mostly low but some scattered fields with higher populations probably will need treatment. Marked drop in aphid céOunts appears to be due to disease. (Wis. Coop. Sur.). UTAH - Generally scarce in peas and alfalfa in 7 counties. (Knowlton). HARLEQUIN BUG (Murgantia histrionica) - NEW MEXICO - Considerable damage to cabbage in Lea County. (N. M. Coop. Rpt.). COLORADO - Damaging number on cabbage, kohlrabi and horseradish from Genoa, Lincoln County. (Exp. Sta.). CABBAGEWORMS - VIRGINIA - Trichoplusia ni and Pieris rapae on increase on cabbage and cole crops in eastern area. (Hofmaster). IOWA - Cabbage loopers abundant. (Iowa Ins. Inf.). MARYLAND - P. rapae severe on untreated crucifers in central counties. (U. Md., Ent. Dept.). STINK BUGS - NEW MEXICO - Severely damaged cabbage in Lea County. (N. M. Coop. Rpt.). TEXAS - Chlorochroa ligata medium on peas in Dimmit and Frio Counties. (Harding). Stink bug, species unknown, heavy on peas, melons and tomatoes in Anderson and Jefferson Counties and infesting beans in Tyler County. (Hawkins). FLEA BEETLES (Phyllotreta spp.) - MARYLAND - Heavy on crucifers in western Baltimore County. (U. Md., Ent. Dept.). PEPPER MAGGOT (Zonosemata electa) - NORTH CAROLINA - Adult taken in light trap at Faison. (Farrier). BLISTER BEETLES - ALABAMA - Epicauta sp. moderate on Pimiento peppers in Chambers County. A large number of plants damaged. (Grimes). NEW MEXICO - Damaging vegetable crops at Lovington, Lea County. (N. M. Coop. Rpt.). CUTWORMS - OREGON - Abundant on truck crops, gardens and flower beds in Willamette Valley. Predominantly Peridroma margaritosa and Agrotis ypsilon. (Crowell, Every, July 3). VIRGINIA - A. ypsilon and P. margaritosa damaging newly-planted peppers and sweetpotatoes, at Painter, Accomack County. (Hofmaster). ONION THRIPS (Thrips tabaci) - UTAH - Damage becoming common in central and northern areas. (Knowlton). COLORADO - Ranging 20-30 per plant in Montrose County. Some infestation appearing. (Exp. Sta.). A LOOPER (Rachiplusia ou) - INDIANA - Small numbers on peppermint and Spearmint in northern area. Control necessary some cases. Many larvae killed by a virus. (Gould). 635 JAPANESE BEETLE (Popillia japonica) - DELAWARE - Very common on asparagus ferns in Kent and New Castle Counties. Common cucumbers, peppers and lima beans in central Sussex County though no damage apparent. (MacCreary, Conrad). WEST VIRGINIA - Damaging ripe raspberries and foliage of grape, Randolph County. WAnVianoinssEsux.)> Lepidopterous Larvae in Sweetpotatoes in Louisiana - Some fields in St. Landry Parish heavily infested with Loxostege Similalis, Laphygma frugiperda and Prodenia ornithogalli. All of the above-ground portions of plant destroyed in some fields. (Spink). ALFALFA LOOPER (Autographa californica) - IDAHO - Light damage generally to mint fields in northern Kootenai Valley area of Boundary County. (Gittins). ASPARAGUS BEETLE (Crioceris asparagi) - DELAWARE - Larvae quite prevalent on asparagus ferns in central Kent County. (MacCreary, Conrad). CYCLAMEN MITE (Steneotarsonemus pallidus) - MINNESOTA - Higher incidence of mites on strawberries Since 1955 on university plots. Considerable plant injury and nubbin production. (Minn. Ins. Rpt.). APHIDS - PENNSYLVANIA - Heavy infestations of Amphorophora rubi on Rubus sp. in York, Lancaster and Adams Counties. (Negley). MAINE - Increased on untreated potatoes at Aroostook Farm. Aphis abbreviata predominates. (Shands). TOBACCO INSECTS GREEN PEACH APHID (Myzus persicae) - MARYLAND - Increased on top leaves of tobacco in several counties. (U. Md., Ent. Dept.). VIRGINIA - Light to medium on tobacco in some fields, Pittsylvania County. Generally spotted through most fields. (Dominick). HORNWORMS (Protoparce spp.) - MARYLAND - Light to moderate on tobacco in Prince Georges and St. Marys Counties. No heavy infestations seen to July 14. QUES Mde ern tsa Dept.) TOBACCO FLEA BEETLE (Epitrix hirtipennis) - MARYLAND - Injury to lower leaves noticeable on most tobacco. (U. Md., Ent. Dept.). COTTON INSECTS BOLL WEEVIL (Anthonomus grandis) - LOUISIANA - Five fields Tensas Parish ranged 2-25 percent infested averaged 11 percent. One field Franklin Parish averaged 6 percent infestation. (Spink). Seventy-one fields in Madison Parish checked by Tallulah station personnel showed 58 to be infested. Forty-five had been treated and had an average infestation of 2 percent, 26 untreated had an average infestation of 9 percent. (Smith et al.). ARKANSAS - Light emergence first-generation weevils in early cotton southwest area. (Ark. Ins. Rpt.). ALABAMA - Infestations in northeast much less than for same period last year. Spot checks in 6 northeast counties ranged from 0 to 40 percent infestations. (Grimes). NORTH CAROLINA - Remains light. First-generation emergence expected to be well underway by July 18. (Cott. News Lett.). TENNESSEE - Forty of 84 fields examined in west Tennessee found infested. Average infestation 4 percent, compared with 18 percent same period last season. First-generation emergence expected by July 18. Some treatment underway in infested fields. (Locke). MISSISSIPPI - First-generation hatch continues light in delta counties. Infestation range 0-7 percent in fields examined. (Merkl et al.). 636 SOUTH CAROLINA - Infestation climbed slightly during week. First-generation emergence underway. Fifty treated fields Darlington area had less than one percent infestation. Most fields under 3 but two examined with 8 percent infestation. (Cott. Lett. and Fye et al.). OKLAHOMA - Very light square infestations in Bryan, Johnston, and Marshall Counties. Up to 3 percent infestation. (Coppock). BOLLWORMS (Heliothis spp. et al.) - ARKANSAS - Moths emerging in numbers, some fields eggs counts have taken a sharp rise. Beneficial insects doing excellent job of destroying eggs and larvae. (Ark. Ins. Rpt.). ALABAMA - Infestations ranged from light to heavy in northeast area, however majority of counties had light infestations. (Grimes). NORTH CAROLINA - Severe damage to a few fields in lower southeast area. (Cott. News Lett.). MISSISSIPPI - Light egg deposition on cotton in delta counties. (Merkl et al.). SOUTH CAROLINA - Eggs and small larvae numerous in many fields. (Cott. Lett.). LOUISIANA - Sixty-seven of 71 fields examined in Madison Parish were found infested with average square infestation of -5 percent. Terminals examined in 30 fields and an average of 10.77 eggs and 2.93 larvae per 100 terminals found. (Smith et al.). NEW MEXICO - H. zea beginning to feed on cotton terminals in Eddy and Lea Counties. Eggs light to moderate most areas. (N. M. Coop. Rpt.). PINK BOLLWORM (Pectinophora gossypiella) - ARIZONA - Moderately heavy infestation found in limited area Of Southwestern Maricopa County. This is the first pink bollworm found in Maricopa County since 1947. (Mendenhall). SPIDER MITES - ARKANSAS —- Populations continue to increase, controls may be needed some spots (Ark. Ins. Rpt.). ALABAMA - Causing trouble in localized northern areas. Damaging cotton in Randolph County. (Grimes). MISSISSIPPI - Infestations spotted in delta area, treatments required in three fields inspected. (Merkl et al.). SOUTH CAROLINA - Becoming established in some fields of Coastal Plain and Piedmont areas. (Cott. Lett.) LYGUS BUGS - ARIZONA - Building up in cotton in Pinal County. Fifteen thousand acres treated. (Mendenhall). TENNESSEE - Numbers increasing and causing considerable shedding of squares. Controls needed in many fields. (Locke). MISSISSIPPI - Lygus lineolaris generally lighter than last week but controls still needed some delta fields. (Merkl et al.). LOUISIANA - L. lineolaris still abundant in untreated Madison Parish fields. (Smith et al.). NEW MEXICO — Major problem in many fields of Dona Ana, Luna, Chaves, Lea and Eddy Counties. (N. M. Coop. Rpt.). COTTON LEAFWORM (Alabama argillacea) - ARIZONA - Two found on cotton in Deer Valley. (Bottger et al.). ARKANSAS - Found in Lonoke County. (Ark. Ins. Rpt.). CABBAGE LOOPER (Trichoplusia ni) - NEW MEXICO - Larvae generally light in most areas, eggs very numerous in several fields in Roosevelt County. (Noe M, MCoopa Rpt.) EUROPEAN CORN BORER (Pyrausta nubilalis) - TENNESSEE - One stalk of cotton found to be infested in McNairy County. (Locke). COTTON LEAF PERFORATOR (Bucculatrix thurberiella) - ARIZONA - Building up on cotton in Pinal County. (Mendenhall). FLEAHOPPERS - ARIZONA - Building up in Pinal County. (Mendenhall). ALABAMA - Psallus seriatus causing light damage in northeast area. (Grimes). SOUTH CAROLINA - Continue to cause damage to untreated cotton in Piedmont Counties. (Cott. Lett.). NEW MEXICO —- Light to moderate infestations found most areaS, causing some shedding of squares and bolis. (N. M. Coop. Rpt.). 637 A LEAF BEETLE (Colaspis sp.) - MISSISSIPPI - Feeding on cotton in DeSota County July 10. (Hutchins). Cotton Insect Situation, Texas - THRIPS light in all areas reporting activity. FLEAHOPPERS light to heavy, heaviest in central, north central and northeast areas. BOLLWORMS increased egg deposition in most areas of the State. BOLL WEEVILS still a problem in northeast, east, central, south central, upper coastal and coastal bend areas. GRASSHOPPERS heavy in northwest and north central areas. Other pests reported doing some damage were false chinch bugs, iygus bugs, spider mites, leafworms, cabbage loopers, Square borers and pink bollworms. (Gaines). ADDITIONAL NOTES DELAWARE - Small larvae of CORN EARWORM on soybeans in some fields in New Castle and Sussex Counties. Very common in field corn, Sussex County. GRASSHOPPERS, primarily Melanoplus femur-rubrum and Dissosteira carolina, very common on soybeans, Southwestern Sussex County. SOUTHERN CORNSTALK BORER in field corn in southeastern Sussex County and CORN LEAF APHID starting small colonies in whorls in central part of county. (MacCreary, Conrad). NEW MEXICO - GRASSHOPPERS heavy on alfalfa in some areas of Curry, Roosevelt and Lea Counties. (N. M. Coop. Rpt.). MASSACHUSETTS - First-brood EUROPEAN CORN BORER egg-laying and hatching complete. No CORN EARWORM found as yet, but small numbers expected in early and mid-season corn in southern Connecticut Valley and southeastern area of State. (Wheeler). KANSAS - GRASSHOPPERS - Counts ranged 20-36 per square yard in Morton County, with Phlibostroma quadrimaculatum dominant. Total of 88,000 acres of government rangeland being Sprayed, about 20 percent completed. (Plant Pest Cont.). About 10 specimens of Dissosteira longipennis from range in northwest Morton County. These have not been reported from Kansas for several years. In south central area counts ranged 12-36 per square yard. Melanoplus bivittatus and M. differentialis dominant crop species. Stripping corn and alfalfa locally along field margins, central and south central areas. SPOTTED ALFALFA APHID in low numbers in few alfalfa fields, Sedgwick County. None found in other counties to west. (Matthew). NEBRASKA - ALFALFA WEEVIL larvae causing light damage to alfalfa in Scotts Bluff, Banner, Morrill and Cheyenne Counties. Larval counts average 80 per 100 sweeps and adults 8 per 100 sweeps. (Andersen). SPOTTED ALFALFA APHID - Few found in the McCook, Red Willow County area. First report of this pest for this year. (Hill). PEA APHID - Declined. Averaged 400 per 100 sweeps in the east central Platte Valley. In the panhandle, averaged 196 per 100 sweeps. (Andersen). OREGON - GREEN PEACH APHID adults and nymphs abundant enough to warrant control in certified seed potato acreages over most of Klamath County during late June and early July. (Schuh, Vertrees). CICADAS, (unidentified species), very abundant and damaging branches by ovipostion punctures in Wasco County in early July. (Hammond). WESTERN SPOTTED CUCUMBER BEETLE, high populations on a variety of crops and flowers in the Willamette Valley. Damage to beans especially noticeable. (Capizzi). BEAN APHID (Aphis fabae) building up on beans in the Willamette Valley, July 9. (Morrison). EUROPEAN RED MITE populations building up on apples in the vicinity of Corvallis in early July. POWDER-POST BEETLES (unidentified) causing unusual amount of damage in Clatsop County. (Every). APPLE MEALYBUG eggs hatched and nymphs on foliage in large numbers in filbert orchards near Gervais, July 11. (Jones). (Continued on page 642) 638 FOREST, ORNAMENTAL AND SHADE TREE INSECTS BIRCH LEAF MINER (Fenusa pusilla) - INDIANA —- Found at South Bend, St. Joseph County, for new State record. (Schuder). WEST VIRGINIA - Caused moderate damage to birch in Preston County. (W. Va. Ins. Sur.). BLACK TURPENTINE BEETLE (Dendroctonus terebrans) - ARKANSAS - Increased activity in central and southern counties during June. Heavy logging equipment appeared responsible for sharp upturn of beetle activity in one instance. Excessive moisture may also be responsible in other instances. (Ark. For. Pest Rpt.). FALL WEBWORM (Hyphantria cunea) - DELAWARE - On persimmon and ash, southeastern Sussex County. (MacCreary, Conrad). FLORIDA - Collected on persimmon in Putnam County, flowering dogwood in Alachua County. Webs frequently conspic-— uous in central part of State. (Fla. Coop. Sur.). ARKANSAS - Heavy on elm, sweetgum, pecan, walnut and persimmon trees. (Ark. Ins. Rpt.). IPS BEETLE (Ips spp.) - ARKANSAS —- Slight increase in activity during June , particularly in central and southern counties. Individual to very small groups of trees affected. (Ark. For. Pest Rpt.). LOCUST LEAF MINER (Chalepus dorsalis) - MARYLAND - Foliage injury to black locust noticeable in central and southern counties. (U. Md., Ent. Dept.). OAK LACE BUG (Corythucha arcuata) - NORTH CAROLINA - Moderate on leaves of white oaks, AnSon County. (Barnes, Farrier). A PINE TIP MOTH - ARKANSAS - Second-brood adult emergence practically ended. Third-brood emergence expected July 8-10. Damage by second-brood larvae appears relatively light. (Ark. For. Pest Rpt.). POPLAR AND WILLOW BORER (Sternochetus lapathi) -— OREGON — Heavy in Benton County on willow, adults emerging July 3. (Capizzi). SAWFLIES - ARKANSAS - Small infestations of Neodiprion taedae linearis appeared in early June in Benton and Washington Counties. One short-—leaf pine planting in Benton County was treated with satisfactory results. (Ark. For. Pest Rpt.). PENNSYLVANIA - Pristiphora erichsonii caused severe defoli- ation of Japanese larch for fifth season, Clinton County. (Drooz). TEXAS - Heavy defoliation of natural reproduction and planted loblolly and slash pines by Neodiprion lecontei recently reported from many eastern locations. Fairly heavy mortality of trees defoliated in 1957 noted in plantations. Several sprayed to prevent further spread and repeated defoliation. (So. For. Pest Rpt.). LOUISIANA - Heavy defoliation of pines recently reported in southwestern part of State. (So. For. Pest Rpt.). MICHIGAN —- N. lecontei hatching at Gaylord, Ostego, Cadillac and Ellsworth. (Hutson). SOUTHERN PINE BEETLE (Dendroctonus frontalis) - NORTH CAROLINA - Area survey indicates spot killing of pine in eastern quarter of Tyrrell County and north- eastern Hyde County. Spot vary from few trees to half an acre. (Green). SPRUCE BUDWORM (Choristoneura fumiferana) - MAINE - Approximately 300,000 acres aerial sprayed in northeastern Aroostook County June 10-20. Balsam fir and spruce in this area had undergone 5-9 years light to severe defoli- ation. Egg-mass surveys in 1957 indicated heavy populations would be present in 1958. (Northeast For. Pest Rpt.). TWIG PRUNER (Elaphidion villosum) - PENNSYLVANIA - Caused considerable twig drop on a number of oaks in Juniata County, more noticeable along highways in Huntingdon County. (Udine). 639 WHITE-PINE WEEVIL (Pissodes strobi) - VIRGINIA - Heavily damaged about 100 white pines in Roanoke. (Evans, Morris). ZIMMERMAN PINE MOTH (Dioryctria zimmermani) - INDIANA —- Final instar at LaPorte. Infestation as high as 35 percent in untreated areas of Scotch pine. (Schuder) . ASIATIC GARDEN BEETLE (Autoserica castanea) - WEST VIRGINIA - Moderate on chrysanthemum, Kanawha County. (W. Va. Ins. Sur.). JAPANESE BEETLE (Popillia japonica) - RHODE ISLAND - First specimens seen on sassafras at Kingston July I. Adults at Cranston. (Kerr, Howard, Mathewson) . PENNSYLVANIA - First specimens observed in York and Perry Counties. (Negley). Adults fairly common in south central area (Pepper) and common in southwest- ern area, but appears less so than in 1957. (Udine). MARYLAND - Caused considerable concern in suburban areas, feeding on roses and other ornamentals. (U. Md., Ent. Dept.). VIRGINIA — Continued to feed upon many ornamentals, garden and field crops, fruit trees and wild host plants in various parts of State. Reports received from Norfolk, Roanoke, Henry, Montgomery and Dinwiddie Counties. Light infestation present along northern end of Blue Ridge Parkway. (Morris, et al.). INDIANA - Scarce to July 12 in Newton County. In area heavily infested in 1957 none seen on soybeans, only one on smartweed. Only 29 collected in 4 traps near the 1957 heavily infested field in 7 days. First beetle found July 2, week later than in 1957. (Gould). ROSE CHAFER (Macrodactylus subspinosus) - WEST VIRGINIA - Caused moderate in- jury to sassafras, rose, peach and blackberry, Randolph and Preston counties. (W. Va. Ins. Sur.). BAGWORM (Thyridopteryx ephemeraeformis) - NORTH CAROLINA - Numerous local reports of injury to juniper in Wake, Chatham and Halifax Counties. (Farrier, Jones). MISSOURI - Becoming increasingly troublesome in northwest section. (Kyd, Thomas). ELM LEAF BEETLE (Galerucella xanthomelaena) — MISSOURI - Moderate to heavy leaf feeding by second—generation larvae over wide area of southern half of State. (Kyd, Thomas). VIRGINIA - Damaged foliage of some elms in Norfolk County (Thomas) and in Amelia County (Rowell, Holmes). OREGON - Damage gen- erally abundant throughout State. Damage to foliage appeared about 2 weeks earlier than for past several seasons. (Capizzi). LEAFHOPPERS - NEW MEXICO —- Severely damaged elm foliage, dahlias and peonies at Lovington, Lea County. (N. M. Coop. Rpt.). MIMOSA WEBWORM (Homadaula albizziae) - DELAWARE - Feeding conspicuous on mimosa and honeylocust Statewide. (WacCreary, Conrad). SMALLER EUROPEAN ELM BARK BEETLE (Scolytus muitistriatus) - WISCONSIN - Dutch elm disease increased to a total of 369 trees, located in 8 southeastern counties, including Jefferson County which had no cases until July 2. (Wis. Coop. Sur.). INDIANA - Caused elm twigs to drop and is annoying in homes throughout State. (Lehker). PAINTED-LADY (Vanessa cardui) - IDAHO — Newly emerged adults extremely abun- dant in most areas of northern counties. Canadian thistle shows various degrees of defoliation in most areas. Larvae caused general light injury to ornamental gardens. (Gittins). CALIFORNIA - Light on Canadian thistle in Pepperwood, Humboldt County. No longer bothersome in other areas of State. (Cal. Coop. Rpt.). 640 INSECTS AFFECTING MAN AND ANIMALS MOSQUITOES — IDAHO - Extremely abundant in Kootendi River Valley of Boundary County. Serious annoyance to people and domestic animals in the area. (Gittins). NEVADA - Heavy populations of adult Aedes spp. in Smoky Valley, Nye County. (Parker, July 4). UTAH - Annoying in many local areas of Box Elder, Cache and Millard Counties. (Knowlton). MINNESOTA —- Heavy hatch of Aedes vexans on July 9 and 10. (Minn. Ins. Rpt.). IOWA - Major problem in most of State. (Iowa Ins. Inf.). HORN FLY (Siphona irritans) - NEVADA - Heavy populations in northern Nye County. (Gallaway, July 4. NEW MEXICO - Moderate to heavy on cattle in Harding and Union Counties. (N. M. Coop. Rpt.). UTAH - Generally trouble- some throughout Washington and Kane Counties. (Knowlton). ALABAMA — Popula-= tions decreased to some extent on cattle in Wilcox County. (Hays). FLIES - WISCONSIN - In a total of 181 barns checked in 13 counties for week of July 4, flies numerous in over half of 64 barns. (Wis. Coop. Sur.). UTAH - House flies seriously annoying in some parts of Kane, Emery and Washington Counties. (Knowlton). NORTH CAROLINA -— Tabanus sp. causing concern in Graham County. (Wood, Farrier). CORRECTIONS CEIR 8(28) : 611 = Under white-fringed beetles change Grapholitha spp. to Graphognathus spp. CEIR 8(28) : 622 - Labels under male and female should be reversed. LIGHT TRAP COLLECTIONS Pseud. Agrot. Prod. Perid. Protoparce Heliothis unip. yps. ornith. marg. sexta quing. zea vires. ARKANSAS Atkins 6/26-7/9 4 2 2 42 Fayetteville 6/26-7/9 ae 58 49 58 Hope 6/26-7/2 2 Kelso 6/26-7/9 8 5 4 Morrilton 6/26-7/9 i 36 12 Stuttgart 6/26-7/9 2 7 3 8 COLORADO Rocky Ford 6/22 642 FLORIDA Gainesville 7/7 3 Quincy 7/7 17 5 ILLINOIS Urbana 7/3-10 3489 7 4 230 INDIANA (Counties) Orange 6/21-7/8 1732 138 16 133 37 31 5 Tippecanoe 6/24-7/9 1117 2s 26 122 1 1 LIGHT TRAP COLLECTIONS - Continued Pseud. Agrot. unip. yps. LOUISIANA Baton Rouge 7/4-10 it 2 Franklin 7/2 1 Shreveport 7/7 3 4 MAINE Monmouth 7/6-12 36 Orono 7/6-12 3 Presque Isle 7/6-12 2 MISSISSIPPI Grenada 6/30-7/5 iL 2 Senatobia 6/26-7/3 i 2 xState College 7/5211 ) 72 54 *Stoneville 7/4-10 68 243 NEBRASKA Alliance 6/18-7/1 1530 48 Kearney 6/9-7/2 699 25 Lincoln 6/15-7/3 5811 2113 North Platte 6/13-7/3 15,589 457 Scotts Bluff 6/10-7/7 674 58 NORTH CAROLINA Clayton 7/10 2 Faison 7/10 nt SOUTH CAROLINA Charleston 6/30-7/6 ak Clemson 7/5-11 12 3 Florence 7/6-12 atisyE 4 TENNESSEE (Counties) Blount 6/24-7/7 261 76 Cumberland 128 59 Greene 676 78 Johnson 556 249 Madison 130 28 Maury 156 8 Robertson 171 14 TEXAS Brownsville 6/30-7/3 al 8 641 Perid. Protoparce marg. sexta quing. 1 aL 1 1 2 9 4 2 205 186 6 13 211 2016 alal 62 283 2 9 6 10 16 8 4 7 16 46 11 110 7 15 123 5 7 186 2 8 375 100 a 12 35 al 44 aL 8 *Two traps — State College; 4 traps - Stoneville. Heliothis zea vires. ial 1 27 642 ADDITIONAL NOTES NEW YORK - Two RED-BANDED LEAF ROLLER moths in traps, July 11, Rockland County, are first of second brood. CHERRY MAGGOT adults abundant week of July 4 when peak was reached in Columbia County. In same county TWO-SPOTTED SPIDER MITE building up. STRIPED CUCUMBER BEETLE in cucurbit fields and population par- ticularly large in upstate New York, caused substantial feeding injury. MEXICAN BEAN BEETLE larvae found in Ithaca area. Adult population heavier than in 1957 in Monroe County. At Poughkeepsie first JAPANESE BEETLE trapped July 7 and some on corn at Hurley same day. Emergence seems generally late and light. BIRCH LEAF MINER actively feeding. (N. Y. Wkly. Rpt.). - re all da gues as AGRICULTURAL RESEARCH SERVICE PLANT PEST CONTROL DIVISION PLANT PEST SURVEY SECTION The Cooperative Economic Insect Report is issued weekly as a service to American Agriculture. Its contents are compiled from information supplied by cooperating State, Federal, and industrial entomologists and other agricultural workers. In releasing this material the Division serves as a clearing house and does not assume responsibility for ac- curacy of the material. Reports and inquiries pertaining to this release should be mailed to: Plant Pest Survey Section Plant Pest Control Division Agricultural Research Service United States Department of Agriculture Washington 25, D. C. Volume 8 July 25, 1958 Number 30 COOPERATIVE ECONOMIC INSECT REPORT Highlights of Insect Conditions GRASSHOPPERS hatching in economic numbers in central Wisconsin, fewer generally than in 1957 in Montana. Heavy in panhandle counties of Nebraska, migrating from field margins. Migrating from rangelands to cultivated crops in California, being heavy in some areas. (p. 645). Control of MORMON CRICKET effective in Utah. (p. 645). EUROPEAN CORN BORER damaged corn in all parts of Virginia, pupating in central Kentucky. Populations in southwestern Wisconsin higher than earlier egg mass counts indicated. (p. 646). Egg counts high in Alabama. (p. 661). Damage by CORN EARWORM for 1958 in Alabama worse than in past several years. Counts high in Louisiana, damage severe throughout New Mexico and serious in areas of Utah. (p. 647). ARMYWORM moth catch high at North Platte, Nebraska. (p. 648). SPOTTED ALFALFA APHID increased rapidly in western and southwestern Oklahoma. Counts highest for over a year. (p. 650). BOLLWORMS continue number one pest of cotton in South Carolina. (p. 656). SPRUCE BUD SCALE reported for tirst time in California. (p. 658). ADDITIONAL NOTES. (p. 661). INSECTS not known to occur in the United States. (p. 663). Fe ee te ot oe ate ae of ae ac ae ake ak ie ae fe 2 ake cc a 2 fc ik ae 2k Reports in this issue are for the week ending July 18, unless otherwise designated. 644 WEATHER OF THE WEEK ENDING JULY 21 Cool Canadian air moved into the Great Plains as far south as Kansas at the beginning of the period, and by midweek covered the entire northern half of the Nation east of the Rockies. As the cool Canadian air continued to flow into areas north of the front which extended from Kansas to Virginia, temperatures remained well below normal, averaging as much as 12° below normal for the week at Dubuque, Iowa. Scattered frost occurred in the northern and central lowlands of Wisconsin, with a low of 35° recorded at Danbury on the 16th. Beneficial rains fell in the north central Interior at the beginning of the week, and maintained adequate moisture for crops in most areas. However, topsoil moisture is still short in northeastern Montana and more rain is still needed in the eastern third of South Dakota. In southern areas, that is, south of the frontal zone extending from Kansas to Virginia, typical summertime weather prevailed. Afternoon temperatures generally rose into the 90's and moderate to heavy local thundershowers furnished adequate to abundant moisture except in some sections of the lower Great Plains where heat, drying winds, and growing plants depleted soil moisture at a rapid rate. Rain is needed in the southern plains and parts of the upper coast of Texas, and in all of New Mexico except in eastern portions. Unusually heavy and frequent rainfall occurred along the frontal zone from Kansas eastward to the Appalachians. Weekly totals ranged up to 7 or 8 inches in Missouri and eastern Kansas, and 3 to 5 inches in the Ohio Valley. Many streams from Kansas to southern Indiana are overflowing, including the Missouri River from Kansas City downstream and the mighty Mississippi at points between St. Louis, Missouri, and the mouth of the Ohio. West of the Continental Divide continued dry weather maintained a high fire harard in the Pacific Northwest, and lightning set numerous range and forest fires in Oregon and Idaho. In southern desert areas the heat wave of the previous week gradually moderated with temperatures near normal by the 19th and below normal by the 21st when a low of 31° and light frost were reported in the Maverick area of Arizona. Summer rains have begun in southeastern Arizona, and ranges in that area are in good condition but they need rain in the north central and western portions of the State. Temperatures west of the Divide remained below normal most of the time in the Great Basin, with daytime temperatures in the 80's and averages 9° below normal for the week at Elko and Ely, Nevada. The week was relatively warm, however, in extreme southern areas, along the Pacific coast and in Washington. Mixima in eastern Washington at midweek ranged from 95° to 105°. (Summary supplied by U. S. Weather Bureau). 645 CEREAL AND FORAGE INSECTS GRASSHOPPERS - MINNESOTA - Low in southeastern district, usually less than one per square yard. Up to 30 per square yard in Faribault and Waseca Counties and westward, with 15 per square yard quite common. Quite low in Rock and Pipestone Counties. Infestations very. spotty. Melanoplus femur-rubrum predominant species in southern counties, in first to third instars. Still some hatching. Populations very variable in west central and northwestern districts, 1-27 per square yard in west central, very low in northwest. (Minn. Ins. Rpt.). WISCONSIN - Hatching in economic numbers in lighter soils of central section. Up to 50 M. femur-rubrum nymphs per square yard in Waushara, Waupaca, Marquette and Adams Counties, in Surveyed fields with sparce growth where soil temperatures have been high. Averaged 15 per square yard in fields of normal plant growth density. Ranged from first to third instars. Numbers not as high in light soil areas of Green, Rock, Iowa, Richland, Sauk, Columbia, Green Lake and Winnebago Counties. (Wis. Coop. Sur.). SOUTH DAKOTA - Spotty in some areas of north central region, up to 15 nymphs per square yard in alfalfa, 40.per square yard in field margins. M. femur-rubrum dominant species. (Hantsbarger). MONTANA - Appear to be fewer, generally, than in 1957. Scattered infestations in Lake, Sanders, Stillwater, Lewis and Clark, Cascade, Phillips, Blaine and Yellowstone Counties and scattered areas of northeastern part of State. (Roemhild). To July 21, total of 97,562 acres treated under cooperative control program. (PPC). NEBRASKA - M. bilituratus heavy in panhandle counties. Only adults in many areas, indicating migrations have occurred. Third to fourth instar nymphs in some fields, up to 40 per Square yard in margins. Light to moderate in wheat. M. bivittatus dominant in south central section, 80 percent adults. Migrations from field margins into corn general, damage to crops evident. Ranged 10-50 per square yard. lLate- instar nymphs and adults of M. differentialis in central Séction ranged 5-40 per square yard, most in field margins. (Roselle, Andersen). Thirty thousand acres treated under cooperative control program to July 21. (PPC). ILLINOIS - Still light, concentrated in field margins, fencerows and ditch banks. Occasional infestations in forage crop fields. (Ill. Ins. Rpt.). OKLAHOMA - Averaged 4-12 per square yard generally in west central and southwestern range areas, somewhat lighter in central area. Averaged 6-20 per square yard in roadsides and margins in former areas. Light to medium damage to margins of cotton, sorghum, corn, legumes and peanuts, often severe to gardens. Second-generation Melanoplus spp. (first and second instars) in several southwestern alfalfa fields. (Coppock). As of July 21 total of 278,583 acres of roadsides, rangeland and idle lands treated under cooperative control program. (PPC). UTAH - Injuriously abundant in Mills-Leamington areas of Juab and Millard Counties. Grain and range largely involved. Damaged alfalfa in many Juab County fields. (Knowlton). LOUISIANA - Several species heavily infested pastures in northern parishes. Some treatment applied in Ouachita Parish. (Spink). CALIFORNIA - M. devastator migrating from rangelands into cultivated crops and into houses where they are damaging household goods, Amador County. Mountain populations up to 70-100 per square yard. Hesperotettix sp. medium in the Coalinga area, Fresno County. M. bilituratus light on rangeland in Barstow area of San Bernardino County. (Cal. Coop. Rpt.). MORMON CRICKET (Anabrus simplex) - UTAH - Control bating covered 24,138 acres in Dry Mesa and Deer Flat areas of San Juan County. Control practically 100 percent effective. Excellent control obtained on 1,220 acres baited in Forshea Mountains, Piute County. Developed light in Government Creek area, Tooele County. Bait to be applied in Jackson Draw, Uintah County. Small infestations southwest of Manila, Dagget County; at Alton, Kane County; and near Enterprise, Washington County. Band discovered in Dagget County, involving 1500 acres south of Dutch John City. (Knowlton, Thornley). 646 EUROPEAN CORN BORER (Pyrausta nubilalis) - MASSACHUSETTS - Egg laying and hatching of first brood over. Larvae working in tassels, stalks and ears of early plantings. Egg laying for second brood expected by August 1. (Crop Pest Cont. Mess.). NEW JERSEY - Apparent damage increased, however, no pupation observed and second-brood moths not yet noticeable. (Ins. Dis. Newsl.). PENNSYLVANIA - Feeding injury appearing on whorls of field corn in south central part of State. Few larvae ready to pupate. (Pepper). DELAWARE - Second-generation eggs on field corn throughout State. Most common on pre- tasseling field corn adjacent to infested potatoes in western Kent County. Larvae on sweet corn, New Castle County. (MacCreary, Conrad). MARYLAND - First generation caused moderate to heavy damage to early sweet and field corn. Second-generation eggs on field corn, Worcester County. Averaged 75 egg masses per 100 plants in one large corn field near potatoes at Pocomoke, Worcester County. (U. Md., Ent. Dept.). VIRGINIA - Damaged corn in all parts of State, quite severe in many cases. (Morris). Damaged practically 100 percent of sweet corn plants at Painter, Accomack County and approximately 50 percent of ears. Light trap catches continued very heavy. (Hofmaster) . KENTUCKY - Pupating in central part of State. Control required on market sweet corn and some field corn, ,(Rodriguez). ILLINOIS - In east St. Louis bottomland emergence is 50 percent, with total of 90 percent pupation. Averaged 0-10 egg masses per 100 stalks. (I1l. Ins. Rpt.). OHIO - Light at Elyria, Lorain County, and Milan, Erie County. Oviposition nearly complete at Wooster, Wayne County, with some early fifth-instar larvae present. (Triplehorn). IOWA - With continued cool weather and only 8 percent of larvae in northeast section full grown, or nearly so, it appears there will be no second brood. There will be a light second brood in northwestern and southwestern sections of the State. Greatest second-brood potential is in central and western areas of the State. (Iowa Ins. Inf.). ARKANSAS - Few first-generation larvae in central and northeastern fields checked. Moths 30-40 percent emerged, eggs being laid. Fresh feeding signs evident in very few fields. (Ark. Ins. Rpt.). WISCONSIN - Examination of early field corn in 6 southwestern counties showed populations to be higher than earlier egg mass counts indicated. Leaf feeding on 28 percent of plants in several fields. Few unhatched egg masses noted. Approximately 10 percent of larvae in fourth instar in Sauk County, remainder in second and third instars. Majority of egg masses in white head stage in Brown County, with 16 egg masses per 100 plants. Feeding by first instar in Washington and Fond du Lac Counties. Two hundred acres of canning sweet corn treated in Hancock-Plainfield area, Waushara County. (Wis. Coop. Rpt.). MINNESOTA - Infestation is 34 percent in southwest district, 21 in south central, 16 in west central and 26 percent in central district. Populations appeared much lighter than expected. Weather conditions have been unfavorable during much of egg laying and hatching period. It is unlikely that second generation could be serious threat this season. (Minn. Ins. Rpt.). NORTH DAKOTA - Survey tn Cass and Richland Counties indicates first generation not likely to be a problem. Egg masses averaged 1-2 per plant on 10-20 percent of plants. Generally, most eggs still in clear stage. (Colberg). SOUTH DAKOTA - Egg masses averaged 7 per 100 plants, 17 percent of plants showed shothole injury, first to second-stage larvae averaged 71 per 100 plants in northeast region. Egg hatch near complete in north central region, 33 percent of plants with shothole injury, first to second-instar larvae averaged 172 per 100 plants. In central region, egg masses averaged one per 100 plants, 21 percent of plants showed shothole injury, first to third-instar larvae averaged 71 per 100 plants. (Hantsbarger). NEBRASKA - Infestations averaged 10-45 percent in early planted corn, Deuel County. Larvae in second to fourth instars. Ranged 5-70 percent in Platte Valley, most larvae third to fifth instars. (Roselle). CORN EARWORM (Heliothis zea) - NEW JERSEY - Egg laying light but heavier than in past two weeks. (Ins. Dis. Newsl.). DELAWARE - Entered newly developing ears of sweet corn, Sussex County. One small field had nearly 100 percent of ears infested. (MacCreary, Conrad). VIRGINIA - Damaged corn in Appomatox 647 County (Rowell, Smith) ; feeding on tassels, Floyd County (Morris, Talley). ALABAMA - Heavy on corn in central and southern sections. Damage in 1958 has been worse than in past several years. Heavy on millet in Escambia County, with 20 acres almost completely destroyed before control was applied. (Grimes). LOUISIANA - Continued high throughout State. (Spink). TEXAS - Averaged 25 larvae per grain sorghum head, Burleson County. (Randolph). OKLAHOMA - Averaged 8.6 larvae per ear on field corn at Stillwater. Silks have just wilted. (Walton). NEW MEXICO - Eggs and larvae abundnat on corn. Damage severe throughout State. (N. M. Coop. Rpt.). UTAH - Serious in early sweet corn, Utah and Washington Counties. (Knowlton). CORN LEAF APHID (Rhopalosiphum maidis) - MARYLAND - First of season noted in tassels of field corn at Pocomoke City, Worcester County. (U. Md., Ent. Dept.). DELAWARE - Colonies increased on field corn, central Sussex County. Alate forms on field corn, Kent County, and on sweet corn, New Castle County. (MacCreary, Conrad). KENTUCKY - Attacked field and sweet corn in various parts of State. Controls applied to market sweet corn. (Rodriguez). NEBRASKA - Generally moderate to heavy in corn and sorghum in central and eastern parts of State. (Roselle). OKLAHOMA - Light in whorls of sorghum in southwestern counties. (Coppock). TEXAS - Heavy on grain sorghum, Kaufman County. (Hawkins). IOWA - In corn in all parts of State. (Iowa Ins. Inf.). UTAH - Caused serious damage to spring barley in many Millard County fields and in some localities of several other counties. (Knowlton). CORN ROOTWORMS (Diabrotica spp.) - COLORADO - Caused severe crown and root damage to corn, Logan and Larimer Counties. (Ext. Serv., Exp. Sta.). NEBRASKA - Caused moderate to severe damage in southeast and south central areas of State. (Roselle). IOWA - D. undecimpunctata howardi half to full grown in Washington County. D. longicornis larvae two-thirds to full grown. No adults have been reported. (Iowa Ins. Inf.). A FALSE CHINCH BUG (Nysius sp.) - TEXAS - Heavy on grain sorghum in Hill County. (Morgan). FLEA BEETLES - UTAH - Damaged corn at Mendon and Logan, Cache County. (Knowlton). ILLINOIS - Chaetoncnema pulicaria averaged 0-4 per plant in East St. Louis area. Stewart's disease appearing in late sweet corn. (Ill. Ins. Rpt.). TEXAS - Active on young milo maize, some damage in Kaufman County. (Hawkins). A GRASS MITE (Oligonychus stickneyi) - NEW MEXICO - Caused considerable damage to field corn. Severely damaged sweet corn, Dona Ana County. Heavy on Bermuda grass at Las Cruces. (N. M. Coop. Rpt.). LESSER CORNSTALK BORER (Elasmopalpus lignosellus) - TEXAS - Caused light damage to young milo maize in Kaufman County. (Hawkins). Damaged peanuts, Mason County. Terminals up to 100 percent infested, Houston and Anderson Counties. (Hawkins, Davis). SAP BEETLES - NEW JERSEY - Carpophilus dimidiatus first observed in any numbers in Burlington County, July 14. (Ins. Dis. Newsl.). DELAWARE - C. lugubris prevalent in silk of sweet corn throughout Sussex County. (MacCreary, Conrad). MARYLAND - C. lugubris heavy in ears and tassels of early sweet and field corn in most sections. Some corn treated on Eastern Shore. Adults abundant in newly harvested wheat at Boyd, Montgomery County. Apparently came from moldy hay in barn. (U. Md., Ent. Dept.). VIRGINIA - Found in corn sampled. Larvae present in many fields. (Morris). ILLINOIS - Carpophilus spp. abundant on early sweet corn in East St. Louis area and southward, particularly in fields where corn earworm and European corn borer not controlled. (I11. Ins. Rpt.). UTAH - Appearing in some sweet corn in Washington and Millard Counties. (Knowlton). 648 SORGHUM WEBWORM (Celama sorghiella) - LOUISIANA - Moderate on grain sorghum, Tensas and Franklin Parishes. (Spink). TEXAS - Averaged 5 larvae per head in grain sorghum, Burleson County. (Randolph) . SOUTHERN CRONSTALK BORER (Diatraea crambidoides) - MARYLAND - Light to moderate in whorls, tassels and stalks of field corn, Worcester and Somerset Counties. (U. Md., Ent. Dept.). SOUTHWESTERN CORN BORER (Zeadiatraea grandiosella) - ARKANSAS - Large percentage of second generation emerged, moths in most central and northeastern areas. Fggs not yet common. Very little feeding sign noted. (Ark. Ins. Rpt.). ARMYWORM (Pseudaletia unipuncta) - NEW JERSEY - Present in considerable numbers, but not threatening at this time. (Ins. Dis. Newsl.). MINNESOTA - Low populations in scattered fields in west central and northwest districts. Occasional fields with 2-3 larvae per square foot, usually in lodged barley. Rye appears to be only grain in which damage has been sustained. Also reported in rye from south central area. Practically all reports indicate very light infestations. (Minn. Ins. Rpt.). WISCONSIN - Limited observations revealed no infestations in small grain. Evidence in corn was of older larval feeding, principally in low, weedy fields. Fifty percent parasitism evident in remaining few nearly mature larvae. Principal parasites were Apanteles militaris and Winthemia quadripustulata and two unidentified species. High parasitism indicates new generation may not be destructive except for localized areas. (Wis. Coop. Sur.). NORTH DAKOTA - Light in barley and wheat over eastern part of State. Present in most fields, but few in numbers. Little or no leaf stripping observed. Damaged rye in some places at Haley, Bowman County and southwestern Barnes County. Most heavy infestations in rye have been treated. (N. D. Ins. Rpt.). NEBRASKA - Total of 11,940 taken in light trap at North Platte, July 4-10. (Pruess). APHIDS - OREGON - Caused severe damage to spring barley plantings in Union County. (Sidor). ENGLISH GRAIN APHID (Macrosiphum granarium) - MONTANA - General in northern area grain fields. Most populations below economic levels at present time. (Roemhild). IDAHO - Varied from low to large numbers on spring planted grains, Latah, Nez Perce and Lewis Counties. Often heavy damage to late spring planted barley. Barley failing to head out in severely infested fields. Occasionally 75 per head in spring planted wheat in Lewis County, July 12, but dropped drastically in fields checked by July 16. (Gittins, Manis, Dailey). HESSIAN FLY (Phytophaga destructor) - MONTANA - Caused minor damage in Custer County. (Roemhild). NEBRASKA - Averaged 2-40 percent in western part of State. In eastern portion, most fields show infestations, but degree has not been determined. (Andersen). CHINCH BUG (Blissus leucopterus) - TEXAS - Heavy on Sudan grass in Burleson County. (Hawkins) . SAY STINK BUG (Chlorochroa sayi) - UTAH - Damaged small grains near Blanding and Monticello, San Juan County, near Escalante, Garfield County, and several areas in Washington, Sanpete, Sevier, Box Elder, Davis, Weber and Juab Counties. Becoming common on alfalfa and potatoes in many localites. (Knowlton, Thornley). Caused some damage to small grain in Beaver County. (Knowlton). ALFALFA LOOPER (Autographa californica) - OREGON - Adults appeared in light trap collections in Benton and Lane Counties, July 13. (Capizzi). MONTANA - Probably this species, abundant in some alfalfa fields in Stillwater, Jefferson, Broadwater and those counties north of Great Falls, Cascade County. (Roemhild) . 649 ALFALFA WEEVIL (Hypera postica) - NEVADA - Caused light to moderate damage to second-crop alfalfa in several fields at Lovelock, Pershing County. (Bechtel, July 11). MONTANA - Caused héavy damage to alfalfa fields not treated. Caused severe damage in areas in Judith Basin, Teton and Cascade Counties where non-economic infestations existed in 1957. (Roemhild). DELAWARE - Adults prevalent on alfalfa, New Castle County, common in one eastern Sussex County alfalfa field. (MacCreary, Conrad). BLISTER BEETLES - NEW MEXICO - Spotty infestations defoliating alfalfa at Gila, Grant County, and Glenwood, Catron County. (N. M. Coop. Rpt.). CLOVER APHID (Anuraphis bakeri) - WASHINGTON - Increased to 500 per head in some red clover fields near Quincy. (Johansen). CLOVER ROOT CURCULIO (Sitona hispidula) - WASHINGTON - Up to 38 adults per 25 sweeps in second-year red clover seed fields near Quincy, which is highest in Columbia Basin fields during past 3 years. (Johansen). DELAWARE - Unusually prevalent on red clover in western New Castle and western Kent Counties. (MacCreary, Conrad). CLOVER SEED CHALCID (Bruchophagus gibbus) - WASHINGTON - Ranged 5-75 adults per 25 sweeps in redclover seed fields near Quincy. Highest where hay cutting was not taken. (Johansen). CUTWORMS - OREGON - Predicted extensive outbreaks occurred throughout State. Good control obtained due to timely warning, high losses averted. Predominately Peridroma margaritosa, some Agrotis ypsilon. Most larvae had reached maturity by July 13. (Every). NEW JERSEY - First 8 Agrotis ypsilon moths trapped at Moorestown, Burlington County, July 7. (Ins. Dis. Newsl.). ILLINOIS - A. ypsilon damaged few widely scattered fields of late-planted corn. (Ill. Ins. Rpt.). UTAH - Peridroma margaritosa caused some damage to alfalfa and gardens in Beaver area. (Knowlton). FALL ARMYWORM (Laphygma frugiperda) - PENNSYLVANIA - Fairly large numbers in hay, Juniata County. (Udine). LOUISIANA - Continued moderate on corn, Caddo and Bossier Parishes. (Spink). OKLAHOMA - Unusually light in alfalfa and sorghum throughout State. (Coppock). LESSER CLOVER LEAF WEEVIL (Hypera nigrirostris) - DELAWARE - Common on red clover, western New Castle County, and on alfalfa, western Kent County. (MacCreary, Conrad). LYGUS BUGS (Lygus spp.) - OREGON - Required control in alfalfa seed fields in Malheur and Umatilla Counties, July 13. (Stephen). NEW MEXICO - Extremely heavy in seed alfalfa. Often averaged 1 per sweep; mostly nymphs in fields checked, Dona Ana County. (N. M. Coop. Rpt.). UTAH - Numerous to damaging in alfalfa seed fields in Millard, Cache and Box Elder Counties, where controls were omitted. (Knowlton). DELAWARE - L. lineolaris numerous in red clover and very common in alfalfa in New Castle County and prevalent on Sussex County alfalfa. (MacCreary, Conrad). PEA APHID (Macrosiphum pisi) - UTAH - Requiréd control in parts of Millard County. Threatening in parts of Piute, Garfield, Sanpete and Beaver Counties. (Knowlton). WYOMING -— Moderate in second-cutting alfalfa in Cody-Powell area, Park County. (Davison). MINNESOTA - Heavy in alfalfa, 50-400 per 10 sweeps in Southern district. Some fields show high counts of lady beetles. (Minn. Ins. Rpt.). 650 POTATO LEAFHOPPER (Empoasca fabae) - WISCONSIN - Numbers doubled in alfalfa in southwestern counties, but are considerably below 1957 levels. Averaged 9 per 100 sweeps in Richland County, 8 in Iowa and 25 per 100 sweeps in one Sauk County field. (Wis. Coop. Sur.). MARYLAND - Averaged 7 per sweep on alfalfa, Frederick County. Injury noticeable to some second-growth alfalfa fields in central counties. Light to moderate on soybeans, lower Eastern Shore. (U. Md., Ent. Dept.). SIX-SPOTTED LEAFHOPPER (Macrosteles fascifrons) - COLORADO - Increases recorded from light trap samples, with 348 at Greeley, Weld County, July 1, and 500 at Rocky Ford, Otero County, July 27. None from Center, Saguache County. GaxpeE Sita) SPIDER MITES - NEVADA - Tetranychus spp. light in various alfalfa fields at Lovelock, Pershing County. (Sebbas, Snyder, July 11). OREGON - T. atlanticus required control in several alfalfa fields near Milton-Freewater. (Stephen) . SPOTTED ALFALFA APHID (Therioaphis maculata) - NEW MEXICO - Generally light. Occasionally heavy in Dona Ana, Eddy and Chaves Counties. (N. M. Coop. Rpt.). CALIFORNIA - Light on alfalfa in Guinda area, Yolo County. (Cal. Coop. Rpt OKLAHOMA - Increased rapidly in western and southwestern areas, with 3000-6000 per 10 sweeps in one Kiowa County alfalfa field, which is highest reported for over a year. Many southwest fields had several hundred to one thousand and more per 10 sweeps. Considerably lower in western section. Very little change in remainder of State. (Coppock). COLORADO - Averaged 4-10 per 100 sweeps, July 11. Slight increase. No spread or new infestations at New Liberty, Mesa County. (Exp. Sta.). THREE-CORNERED ALFALFA HOOPER (Spissistilus festinus) - NEW MEXICO - Common in most alfalfa fields, southern part of State. Highest about 1 per sweep at Gila, Grant County. (N. M. Coop. Rpt.). LOUISIANA - Building up in alfalfa, Caddo and Bossier Parishes. (Spink). TEXAS - Averaged 14 per 10 sweeps on alfalfa, Burleson County. (Turney). WEBWORMS - NORTH DAKOTA - Infestations of Loxostege sticticalis in cereal grains, soybeans and flax requiring controls Still being reported from several areas. (N. D. Ins. Rpt.). SOUTH DAKOTA - L. sSimilalis larvae appearing in northeastern and east central alfalfa fields, with counts of one per 10 sweeps. (Hantsbarger). NEW MEXICO - Crambus teterrellus caused moderate to heavy damage to Bermuda grass at Las Cruces, Dona Ana County. (N. M. Coop. Rpt.). BEAN LEAF BEETLE (Cerotoma trifurcata) - MARYLAND - Caused moderate damage to soybean foliage, Worcester County. (U. Md., Ent. Dept.). GREEN CLOVERWORM (Plathypena scabra) - DELAWARE - Fairly common on Sussex County soybeans, although decreased on all forage crops. (MacCreary, Conrad). MEXICAN BEAN BEETLE (Epilachna varivestis) - ALABAMA - Light to moderate on soybeans in Escambia County, adults, eggs and larvae present. Very light in Baldwin County. (Grimes). VELVETBEAN CATERPILLAR (Anticarsia gemmatalis) - ALABAMA - On soybeans in Escambia and Baldwin Counties in limited numbers. (Grimes). YELLOW-STRIPED ARMYWORM (Prodenia ornithogalli) - ALABAMA - Few specimens of very small larvae on soybeans, EScambia and Baldwin Counties. (Grimes). 651 RED-NECKED PEANUTWORM (Stegasta basqueella) - GEORGIA - Light on peanuts in 14 peanut raising counties. (Johnson). OKLAHOMA - Second-generation larvae about one-half developed in Caddo County. Light to moderate on peanuts, with 12-15 percent of terminals infested. (Walton). TEXAS - Damaged peanuts in Mason County. (Hawkins). THRIPS - OKLAHOMA - Damage to peanuts in Caddo County generally light. (Walton). JAPANESE BEETLE (Popillia japonica) - VIRGINIA - Present throughout King County, feeding on corn silks (Hall); medium in Essex County, attacked soybeans and corn throughout county (Little); medium on some soybean fields, Northumberland County (Saville). Heavy in some sections of Danville, Pittsylvania County, but not as heavy as in 1957 (Roweli); heavy on Augusta County farm (Willey, Swecker); not as numerous in Warren County as in past several years (Weddle). Severe on corn, grapes and small grain, Shenandoah County. Masses of adults in combined wheat. (Coiner). Light and county wide, Culpeper County. Less than normal. (Heltzel). MARYLAND - Heavy on soybeans planted with Sudan grass at Pocomoke City, Worcester County. (U. Md., Ent. Dept.). DELAWARE - Averaged 8 per 10 sweeps in red clover, New Castle County. Feeding increased on soybeans throughout State. (MacCreary, Conrad). 652 FRUIT INSECTS APPLE APHID (Aphis pomi) -— INDIANA - Most prominent pest of apples in northern tier of counties. (Marshall). OHIO - Abundant many northern orchards. (Cutright). WISCONSIN - Numerous many orchards in Door County (Wis. Coop. Sur., July 12). MEALY PLUM APHID (Hyalopterus arundinis) - OHIO - Extremely heavy infestations on plums at Wooster. (Rings). ORCHARD MITES - DELAWARE - Panonychus ulmi building up on apples throughout State. (Kelsey). INDIANA = P. ulmi building up some orchards at Vincennes (Hamilton) and Tetranychus spp. and P. ulmi increasing rapidly in apples where not rigidly checked in Orleans area (Marshall). KENTUCKY - P. ulmi building up in apple orchards in spite of frequent rains. (Rodriguez). OHIO - Popula- tions of P. ulmi increasing rapidly in orchards not receiving early season preventive sprays in central area. Average 5-12 mites per leaf. (Rings). UTAH - Generally worse than any time during past four years. (Davis, Knowlton). CODLING MOTH (Carpocapsa pomonella) - NEW JERSEY - Some second- brood entries in Burlington County in apples July 14. (Ins. Dis. Newsl.). PENNSYLVANIA - New brood emerging on apple in Adams County (Asquith) and new entries noted in Lancaster County (Pepper). OHIO - Larvae leaving fruit in increasing numbers. No second-brood moths to July 18. (Cutright). INDIANA - Hatch increasing slowly at Orleans. (Marshall). MISSOURI - Some new entries in apples in south- eastern area. (Wkly. Rpt. Fr. Gr.). UTAH - Moderate damage to apples in Utah, Beaver, Garfield, Kane and Washington Counties. (Knowlton). ORIENTAL FRUIT MOTH (Grapholitha molesta) - GHIO - Twig damage by second-brood larvae generally light. (Rings). PEACH TWIG BORER (Anarsia lineatella) - CALIFORNIA - Light in early peaches in Reedley area of Fresno County and a problem in Stanislaus County on untreated peaches. (Cal. Coop. Rpt.). PEACH TREE BORER (Sanninoidea exitiosa) - GEORGIA - Infestations heavy in many orchards in Fort Valley area. Considerable damage to peach trees in area, i (Snapp, July 14). COLORADO - Control recommended in Delta County. (Exp. Sta.). RHODE ISLAND —- Larval activity evident in Woonsocket. (Caroselli). WESTERN PEACH TREE BORER (Sanninoidea exitiosa graefi) - OREGON - Abundant some orchards in Milton-Freewater area. (Stephen). SALT-MARSH CATERPILLAR (Estigmene acrea) - CALIFORNIA - Medium infestation on prune trees in Gilroy area of Santa Clara County. (Cal. Coop. Rpt.). SAN JOSE SCALE (Aspidiotus perniciosus) - IDAHO - Abundant on cherry trees at Caldwell with considerable feeding damage observed. (Bechtolt). SAY STINK BUG (Chlorochroa sayi) - UTAH - Caused some damage to cherries and apricots in Washington County orchards. Some attacking developing apples and pears. (Hughes, Knowlton). PEAR PSYLLA (Psylla pyricola) - CALIFORNIA - Heavy infestation in orchard in San Juan Bautista Valley, San Benito County. First record for county. (Cal. Coop. Rpt.). PEAR-SLUG (Caliroa cerasi) -— RHODE ISLAND - Skeletonizing leaves of cherry trees in Warren, Bristol and North Providence. (Mathewson). NEVADA - Damaging pears and cherries in west central area. (Bechtel, July 11). PLUM CURCULIO (Conotrachelus nenuphar) - OHIO - Larval emergence from infested fruits nearly completed. No first brood adults emerged at Wooster. (Rings). 653 POTATO LEAFHOPPER (Empoasca fabae) — CALIFORNIA —- Medium infestation of apple trees in southern Plumas County. (Cal. Coop. Rpt.). WALNUT HUSK FLY (Rhagoletis completa) - CALIFORNIA .- Medium infestation of walnuts in San Diego, San Diego County. (Cal. Coop. Rpt.). WALNUT APHID (Chromaphis juglandicola) - IDAHO - Extremely abundant on black walnut trees in Parma and Payette. (Manis). FALL WEBWORM (Hyphantria cunea) - LOUISIANA — Remains a problem on dooryard pecan trees throughout State. (Spink). LEAF ROLLERS - NEW JERSEY - Moth flights of Sparganothis spp. very heavy in cranberries, especially in Ocean County. (Ins. Dis. Newsl.). CALIFORNIA RED SCALE (Aonidiella aurantii) - CALIFORNIA - Heavy infestations on citrus in Orland area of Glenn County. (Cal. Coop. Rpt.). TRUCK CROP INSECTS SUGAR-BEET ROOT MAGGOT (Tetanops myopaeformis) - MONTANA - Severe local damage to beet fields from Hysham to North Dakota border along Yellowstone River. (Roemhild). BEET WEBWORM (Loxostege sticticalis) - WYOMING - Infestation jin Powell—Cody area decreased. Damaging beets and beans in isolated spots. (Davison). MONTANA -— Generally present and damaging over State. (Roemhild). NORTH DAKOTA - Several severe infestations injuring sugar beets in Hillsboro area, Traill County. (N. D. Ins. Rpt.). MINNESOTA - Some spraying started in west Polk County. (Minn. Ins. Rpt.). BEET LEAFHOPPER (Circulifer tenellus) - ILLINOIS = Four adults and 3 nymphs per 100 sweeps in horseradish in one unsprayed field. Most growers following good spray program. (I11l. Ins. Rpt.). COLORADO - Curly top disease in tomatoes, sugar beets and possibly potatoes is chief concern in western and eastern counties. Leafhopper counts 60-80 per 100 sweeps in Garfield County, 80-100 in Montrose County on July 11. Curly top as high as 20 percent in some sugar beet fields in eastern counties; an average of 2-5 percent in Larimer, Weld and Boulder Counties. (Exp. Sta.). UTAH - Generally very abundant on sugar beets. Many fields 40-50 percent curly top-infested over State. (Knowlton). BEET ARMYWORM (Laphygma exigua) - CALIFORNIA — Heavy infestations on sugar beets in Walnut Grove area of Sacramento County and light on sunflowers in Arboga district of Yuba County. (Cal. Coop. Rpt.). TARNISHED PLANT BUG (Lygus lineolaris);) - PENNSYLVANIA - Fairly abundant on potatoes in south central area. (Pepper). GREEN PEACH APHID (Myzus persicae) ~ WASHINGTON = Moderate numbers but increas- ing, more abundant Than usual on tomatoes at Yakima. On potatoes in eastern area. Light populations, less than normal. (Landis). POTATO APHIDS —- MAINE - Populations, although still very small, increased rapidly at Presque Isle and vicinity. Situation normal for time of year. Aphis abbreviata and Macrosiphum solanifolii predominate, followed by Myzus persicae and M. solani.. Lady beetles above normal in abundance. (Shands) . 654 POTATO PSYLLID (Paratrioza cockerelli) - WYOMING - Populations building up in central area. Counts 64 per 50 sweeps on matrimonyvine in midwest, lower else- where on matrimonyvine and potatoes. (Davison). LEAFHOPPERS - IDAHO — Empoasca filamenta building up in large numbers in com- mercial potato fields around Idaho Falls. (Manis). VIRGINIA - Medium to heavy infestations of E. fabae on potatoes and beans in Giles County. (Holpp). PENNSYLVANIA = E. fabae fairly abundant on potatoes in south central area. (Pepper). MARYLAND —- E. fabae increasing on beans most sections. (U. Md., Ent. Dept.). a SUGAR-BEET WIREWORM (Limonius californicus) - CALIFORNIA —- Damaged acre of tomato transplants, 10 acres peppers and 60 acres of lettuce in Orange County. (Campbell, USDA). TOMATO FRUITWORM (Heliothis zea) = NEW MEXICO - Beginning to cause trouble in tomato fields in Luna and Dona Ana Counties. (N. M. Coop. Rpt.). HORMWORMS (Protoparce spp.) = NEW MEXICO —- Damaging tomatoes several fields in Luna, Dona Ana and Lea Counties.,,(N. M. Coop. Rpt.). DELAWARE - Damaging tomatoes in Kent and New Castle Counties. Second-generation eggs on peppers in Sussex County. (MacCreary, Conrad). STALK BORER (Papaipema nebris) - NORTH CAROLINA - Numerous in potato stems in Beaufort County. (Neilson, Farrier). COLORADO POTATO BEETLE (Leptinotarsa decemlineata) ~— DELAWARE - Adults and larvae very common on potatoes and tomatoes in areas of State. (MacCreary, Conrad). PEA APHID (Macrosiphum pisi) = IDAHO = Populations in peas in Latah, Nez Perce and Lewis Counties dropped drastically as pea fields began maturing and predators began building up. Damage to peas variable with occasional fields showing considerable feeding damage. (Gittins, Dailey). Abundant on lentils in Moscow area. (Manis). MEXICAN BEAN BEETLE (Epilachna varivestis) -— UTAH -— Damage increasing in Cache, Box Elder, Weber and Salt Lake Counties. (Knowlton). ALABAMA — Heavy infes- tations on lima beans in Escambia County. As many as 100 larvae and adults per 2 feet of row. (Grimes). COLORADO — Adults abundant in Loma and Fruita areas of Mesa County. Egg deposition heavy in early planted fields. Control recommended in Montrose County. (Exp. Sta.). MARYLAND — Heavy on beans in home gardens, light on commercial beans generally. (U. Md., Ent. Dept.). DELAWARE — Feeding heavily on beans in Sussex County. Larvae predominate. (MacCreary, Conrad). TWO-SPOTTED SPIDER MITE (Tetranychus telarius) - CALIFORNIA - Building up in bean fields in southern area. Some treatments applied, especially along edges of fields. (Campbell, USDA). WASHINGTON — All stages present, light infestation but increasing on dry beans at Quincy. (Landis). A BEETLE (Strigoderma arboricola) = WISCONSIN - Causing greatest concern to bean growers in Plainfield-Hancock area. (Wis. Coop. Sur.). ASIATIC GARDEN BEETLE (Autoserica castanea) - DELAWARE —- First adult noted July 7. Large flight noted on July I3 in New Castle County. (MacCreary, Conrad). FLEA BEETLES - NEW JERSEY -— Adults very numerous on crucifers from Cape May to Middlesex County. (Ins. Dis. Newsl.). PENNSYLVANIA - Second-generation Epitrix cucumeris appearing on potatoes in south central area. (Pepper). COLORADO — Epitrix tuberis adults 5-10 per 100 sweeps on potatoes in Carbondale area of Garfield County. (Exp. Sta.). CALIFORNIA — Heavy infestations of Epitrix hirtipehnis on potatoes in Watsonville area of Santa Cruz County. (Cal. Coop. Rpt.). 655 CABBAGE APHID (Brevicoryne brassicae) -— NEW MEXICO —- Infestations damaging cabbage in Luna and Lea Counties. (N. M. Coop. Rpt.). CABBAGE LOOPER (Trichoplusia ni) - NEW JERSEY - Moderate numbers in Cape May County on crucifers. (Ins. Dis. Nowak ). NEW MEXICO - Moderate to heavy infestations. damaging ABB a Ce at Deming, Luna County. Control difficult. (N. M. Coop. Rpt.). DELAWARE - Common on cabbage in Kent and Sussex Counties. (MacCreary, Conrad). CROSS-STRIPED CABBAGEWORM (Evergestis rimosalis) — ALABAMA —- Abundant in Randolph County, but scarce in Lee County on cabbage. (Guyton). IMPORTED CABBAGEWORM (Pieris rapae) - DELAWARE - Common on cabbage in areas of Kent and Sussex Counties. (MacCreary, Conrad). WHITE-LINED SPHINX (Celerio lineata) - MONTANA — Scattered and widespread over State. Little damage apparent. (Roemhild). TORTOISE BEETLES - ALABAMA —- Deloyala po D. vittata and Metriona bicolor moderate on sweetpotatoes in Lee County (Gu uyton) NEW MEXICO — M. bicolor damaging chili plants at Redrock, Grant County. (N. M. Coop. Rpt.). SPINACH LEAF MINER (Pegomya hyoscyami) - OHIO — Second-generation eggs abundant on sugar beets in Milan area, July 15. Very few new blotch mines or living larvae present. (Triplehorn) . PEPPER WEEVIL (Anthonomus eugenii) = CALIFORNIA — Light infestations near San Juan Capistrano, Orange County. (Campbell, USDA). ONION THRIPS (Thrips tabaci) = NEVADA - Light to heavy populations on onions in Smith Valley, Lyon County. (Gallaway, July 11). ONION MAGGOT (Hylemya antiqua) — MONTANA - Severe damage to home and commercial plantings in western area. (Roemhild). MINNESOTA - Serious in home gardens in Thief River Falls area. (Minn. Ins. Rpt.). WASHINGTON —- Populations, in association with H. cilicrura, considerably greater in dry onion fields near Moses Lake than those which occurred in 1957, even though treatments applied. Second generation pupation at present. (Johansen). JAPANESE BEETLE (Popillia japonica) -— DELAWARE - Prevalent on asparagus ferns in areas of State. (MacCreary, Conrad). SQUASH BUG (Anasa tristis) - IOWA = Becoming abundant. (Iowa Ins. Inf.). NEW MEXICO - Damaging cantaloup plants in Valencia, Socorro and Hidalgo Counties. (N. M. Coop. Rpt.). UTAH - Damage to squash common in Utah, Millard and Beaver Counties. (Knowlton). A CUCUMBER BEETLE (Diabrotica undecimpunctata tenella) — NEW MEXICO —- Damaging cantaloup plants in Valencia, Socorro and Hidalgo Counties. (N. M. Coop. Rpt.). MELON APHID (Aphis gossypii) =- OKLAHOMA — Light on watermelons in Grady and Noble Counties. (Coppock) TOBACCO INSECTS GREEN PEACH APHID (Myzus persicae) = VIRGINIA = Infestations decreased on tobacco in Pittsylvania County. (Dominick). MARYLAND - Building up gradually in southern counties. No treatments required to July 18. (U. Md., Ent. Dept.). NORTH CAROLINA — Increasing on tobacco in Granville County. No serious infes-— tations at present. (Chamberlin). 656 HORNWORMS (Protoparce spp.) = MARYLAND —- Generally light on tobacco in Prince Georges and St. Marys Counties. (U. Md., Ent. Dept.). NORTH CAROLINA - Light on tobacco in Granville County. (Chamberlin). TOBACCO BUDWORM (Heliothis virescens) — GEORGIA - Light infestations in 8 counties. (Johnson). WARYLAND = Occasionally moderate infestation in St. Marys County. (U. Md., Ent. Dept.). TOBACCO FLEA BEETLE (Epitrix hirtipennis) - GEORGIA — Light to moderate infes- tations on tobacco in 8 counties. (Johnson). VIRGINIA — Increasing on field tobacco in Pittsylvania County. (Dominick). COTTON INSECTS BOLL WEEVIL (Anthonomus grandis) — NORTH CAROLINA - First-generation weevils appeared in lower southeastern counties with sharp increase in square infes- tations in few fields. Infestations generally low in central and more north- erm areas. (Cott. News Lett.). SOUTH CAROLINA - First-generation weevils emerging and feeding in Florence area. High infestations in several treated fields in Marlboro County. (Fye et al.). GEORGIA - Infestation counts ranged from 0-76 percent, averaging 22 percent, in 56 northwestern and southern fields. (Johnson). ALABAMA —- Infestations increasing to critical point some southern and southeastern areas. Infestations ranged from 1-88 percent. (Grimes). MISSISSIPPI = Infestations remain exceptionally low in delta counties. (Merkl et al.). TENNESSEE - First-generation weevils emerging in most infested fields in western area. Infestations spotty and heavier in older cotton. Square counts made in 79 fields with 49 found infested. Percent infested squares averaged 4 compared with 19 percent at same time last year. (Locke). MISSOURI - First infestations of season in Dunklin County. Eight fields in- fested with 2 percent or less of squares punctured. (Kyd, Thomas). ARKANSAS - Total of 3792 fields scouted with 44.8 percent found infested. First-generation emergence continues with peak expected during week of July 20. (Ark. Ins. Rpt.). LOUISIANA — Percent infestation averaged 14 in Grant Parish, 1] in Rapides, 12 in Avoyelles, 17 in Ouachita and 7 in Morehouse Parish. (Spink). Average square infestation in Tallulah area was 5 percent in treated fields and 4 per- cent in untreated fields. (Smith et al.). TEXAS - Square infestation averaged 14.6 percent in treated fields and 38.6 percent in untreated fields in McLennan and Falls Counties. Migration to late fruiting fields expected in near future, (Parencia et al.). Continue a problem in upper coastal, eastern and northeastern areas. (Gaines). BOLLWORMS (Heliothis spp.~et al.). — NORTH CAROLINA — Heavy larval damage in several fields In Scotland and Anson Counties. (Cott. News Lett.). SOUTH CAROLINA - Remain a major threat in Florence area, Several fields in Marlboro County with 50 percent of square, blooms and bolls infested. Many growers consider outbreak to be one of the most severe ever experienced in area. (Fye et al.). Continues to be number one pest of cotton throughout State. (Cott. Lett.). GEORGIA — Egg counts ranged from 3-98 per 100 terminals, averaging 32 per 100 terminals, in 56 northwestern and southern fields. Larvae averaged 8 per 100 terminals. (Johnson). ALABAMA — Larval populations ranged from 0-21 per 100 terminals. Infestations remain constant in southern area. Lim-— ited number of eggs found. (Grimes). MISSISSIPPI = Some square injury; no general egg deposition in delta counties. (Merkl et al.). TENNESSEE — Light infestations in western area. (Locke). MISSOURI - Slight drop in larval pop- ulations but increase in eggs compared with previous week. (Kyd, Thomas). ARKANSAS - Eggs appearing on cotton. Of 3792 fields scouted, 35.5 percent infested. (Ark. Ins. Rpt.). LOUISIANA — Percent infestation averaged 0.3 to 1 in Grant, Rapides, Avoyelles, Ouachita and Morehouse Parishes. (Spink). Percent square infestation in Tallulah area averaged 5 percent in treated fields and 5 percent in untreated fields. (Smith et al.). TEXAS - Square injury ; averaged 4.3 percent in McLennan and Falls Counties. (Parencia et al.). Young 657 larvae appearing in many areas of State. (Gaines). NEW MEXICO —- Eggs and larvae of H. zea mostly light and spotty, with few moderate infestations in cotton growing areas. (N. M. Coop. Rpt.). ARIZONA -— Heavy infestations in Pinal County and increasing in Pima County. Some control being applied. (Bottger, Kauffman, Sheets). APHIDS - SOUTH CAROLINA —- Many found in all fields in Florence area. One serious outbreak reported. (Fye et al.). Control warranted many fields in State. (Cott. Lett.). GEORGIA - Infestations light to heavy in cotton grow- ing counties. (Johnson). ALABAMA - Heavy infestations of Aphis gossypii in central and southern areas. (Grimes). MISSISSIPPI - Localized hot spots in delta counties. (Merkl et al.). ARKANSAS - Present in practically all fields; numerous in regularly treated fields where aphidicide not included. (Ark. Ins. Rpt.). LOUISIANA -— Building up in treated fields in Tallulah area. (Smith et al.). NEW MEXICO - Scattered moderate to heavy infestations of A. gossypii in Dona Ana, Luna and Eddy Counties. (N. M. Coop. Rpt.). SPIDER MITES - GEORGIA - Infestations light to heavy in cotton growing counties. (Johnson). ALABAMA — Infestations continue to increase most parts of State. In southeastern area, infestations heavier than previously observed at any time. (Grimes). MISSISSIPPI - Localized hot spots in delta counties. (Merkl et al.). SOUTH CAROLINA - Buildups reported in Coastal Plain counties. (Cott. Lett.). MISSOURI - Light to moderate marginal or widely scattered field infes- tations. (Kyd, Thomas). TEXAS - Infestations light to medium in McLennan and Falls Counties. (Parencia et al.). CABBAGE LOOPER (Trichoplusia ni) - GEORGIA - Light infestations in several counties. (Johnson). NEW MEXICO - Continue to buildup throughout most cotton growing areas. Larvae much more numerous than previous week. (N. M. Coop. Rpt.) COTTON LEAFWORM (Alabama argillacea) - ARIZONA - Two found on cotton in Deer Valley area. (Bottger, Sheets, Kauffman; July 10). COTTON SQUARE BORER (Strymon melinus) - NEW MEXICO - Occasional larva found on cotton in Socorro and Eddy Counties. (N. M. Coop. Rpt.). STALK BORER (Papaipema nebris) - MISSISSIPPI - Causing noticable damage to cotton in Choctaw County. (Hutchins). FLEAHOPPERS -— NEW MEXICO — Populations appear to be decreasing most fields in Chaves, Eddy, Lea, Dona Ana, Luna and Hidalgo Counties. (N. M. Coop. Rpt.). TEXAS - Infestations decreased. Injurious infestations confined to very few untreated fields in McLennan and Falls Counties. (Parencia et al.). Light to heavy populations in central, north central and northeastern areas. (Gaines). ARIZONA - Populations of Rhinacloa forticornis decreasing though still high some fields. (Bottger, Kauffman, Sheets; July 10). A LEAF BEETLE (Colaspis sp.) - MISSISSIPPI - Feeding on cotton in northeastern counties. (Hutchins). ARKANSAS - Adults present many cotton fields. (Ark. Ins VRpit..))- STINK BUGS -— NEW MEXICO - Heavy infestations of Chlorochroa sayi and C. ligata severely damaging bolls and squares in Deming, Luna County. Less severe infes- tations in Dona Ana County. (N. M. Coop. Rpt.). ARIZONA - Populations, mostly C. sayi and a small green species, increasing in Pima County. (Bottger, Kauffman, Sheets). LYGUS BUGS (Lygus spp.) - NEW MIXICO - Light to heavy in cotton growing areas. Counts as high as 35 per 100 sweeps in experimental check plots near Las Cruces, Dona Ana County. (N. M. Coop. Rpt.). ARIZONA - Many fields in Maricopa County heavily populated. One field near Litchfield averaged 24 per 100 sweeps. In Pima and Pinal Counties populations increasing. (Bottger, Kauffman, Sheets). 658 SNOWY TREE CRICKET (Oecanthus niveus) - OKLAHOMA - Infestations causing alarm to some southwestern growers. Approximately 3 percent lodging of cotton plants due to cricket ovipositioning in Blair area. (Stoner). THRIPS - TEXAS - Light to medium infestations in eastern, northeastern, north central, west cross timbers and northwestern areas. (Gaines). FOREST ,ORNAMENTAL AND SHADE TREE INSECTS SOUTHERN PINE BEETLE (Dendroctonus frontalis) - TEXAS - Of the 36 additional spots suspected of being infested, I9, with up to 100 brood trees, were found with this pest.. Control either completed or in progress on all Known spots and results apparently effective. (Young). DOUGLAS-FIR BEETLE (Dendroctonus pseudotsugae) - CALIFORNIA - Killing groups of Douglas fir in a I,100-acre stand of old trees in the Upper Grider Creek area of Siskiyou County. (Weyrick, USFS). WESTERN PINE BEETLE (Dendroctonus brevicomis) - CALIFORNIA - Seriously damaging Ponderosa pine in a 1,200-acre stand in Stonyford area of Colusa and Glenn Counties. (Lloyd, USFS). BARK BEETLES (Ips spp.) - CALIFORNIA - Damaging 50 acres of Ponderosa pines in Indian Valley Creek area, Trinity County, as a result of, blown-down trees. (Estes, USFS). ASIATIC OAK WEEVIL (Crytepistomus castaneus) - DELAWARE - Feeding commonly on various oaks throughout State. (MacCreary, Conrad). MARYLAND - Adults causing moderate damage to oak seedlings at Fairland. (U. Md., Ent. Dept.). SPRUCE BUD SCALE (Physokermes piceae) - CALIFORNIA - Reported for first time in State. Medium infestation on a few spruce trees in Oakland, Niles and at Mission San Jose in Alameda County. (Cal. Coop. Rpt.). SPRUCE BUDWORM (Choristoneura fumiferana) - IDAHO - Infestation in Gibbon Pass area near North Fork, Lemhi County. Considerable damage to Douglasfir. (Manis). NANTUCKET PINE MOTH (Rhyacionia frustrana) - ARKANSAS - Emergence of third brood at its peak in South central area. Heavy emergence in infested areas of State expected near end of July. (Ark. Ins. Rpt.). LARCH SAWFLY (Coleophora laricella) - PENNSYLVANIA - Pupation nearly completed at Clinton. (Drooz). WISCONSIN - More plentiful than in 1957 in Waushara County. Pupation started in west central area. (Wis. Coop. Sur.). YELLOW-NECKED CATERPILLAR (Datana ministra) - DELAWARE - Damage quite noticeable in eastern New Castle County with as high as 7 colonies on a single tree. (MacCreary, Conrad). SCALE INSECTS - UTAH - Gossyparia spuria damaging elms at Manti, Salt Lake and Orem. (Knowlton). OKLAHOMA - Heavy infestation of Chionaspis americana on scattered native elms in Stillwater area. (Apt). PENNSYLVANIA - Severe on maple and other shade trees, Luzerne County, July 11. (Nichols). ELM LEAF BEETLE (Galerucella xanthomelaena) = CALIFORNIA - Heavy and damaging elms in Dinuba area, Tulare County. Damaging yard trees in Sacramento and medium infestations in Santa Cruz. (Cal. Coop. Rpt.). NEVADA - Pupation of first brood in progress in west central area. Adult emergence should begin about July 18. (Bechtel, July 11). ARKANSAS - Damage to Chinese elms locally severe in southwestern area except where control applied. (Ark; Ins?) Rpt.) 659 PENNSYLVANIA - Larvae abundant on and around base of elms in south central area. (Pepper). NEW JERSEY - Very abundant some areas of State. (Ins. Dis. Newsl.). ELM SAWFLY (Cimbex americana) - SOUTH DAKOTA - Elm tree defoliation in south central region by larvae. (Hantsbarger) . A BARK BEETLE - IOWA - Another case of Dutch elm disease has been confirmed in Scott County. This is the first case reported in 1958. (Iowa Ins. Inf.). SMALLER EUROPEAN ELM BARK BEETLE (Scolytus multistriatus) - CALIFORNIA - Heavy on elms in San Jose, Santa Clara County. (Cal. Coop. Rpt.). WISCONSIN - Total of 617 elms with Dutch elm disease on July 16. (Wis. Coop. Sur.). POPLAR AND WILLOW BORER (Sternochetus lapathi) - MONTANA - Severely damaged willows in Hill County. (Roemhild). MIMOSA WEBWORM (Homadaula albizziae) - MARYLAND - Injury to mimosa trees in Prince Georges County becoming prominent. (U. Md., Ent. Dept.). A ROYAL PALM BUG (Xylastodoris luteolus) - FLORIDA - Adults and nymphs aver- aged several hundred per frond on about 100 royal palms at Ft. Lauderdale, Broward County. (Fla. Ins. Sur.). A MAY BEETLE (Phyllophaga sp.) - NORTH CAROLINA - Defoliating trees, shrubs and flowers in Greensboro and overly abundant in Richmond and Wake Counties. (Jones, Farrier). MITES - RHODE ISLAND - Severe on arborvitae and spruce in Warwick area. (Caroselli). NEW MEXICO - Oligonychus coniferarum damaging juniper in Albuquerque, Bernalillo County, and Las Cruces, Dona Ana County. (N. M. Coop. Rpt.). MINNESOTA - Tetranychus telarius severe on evergreens in scattered areas throughout State. (Minn. Ins. Rpt.). MARYLAND - Spider mites heavy on spruce at Baltimore. (U. Md., Ent. Dept.). JAPANESE BEETLE (Popillia japonica) - NEW JERSEY - Causing great deal of con- cern in central area of State on Ornamentals. (Ins. Dis. Newsl.). IOWA - Caught in traps in Ft. Madison area early in July. (Iowa Ins. Inf.). RHODE ISLAND - Heavy adult emergence at Crantston, Cumberland, Lincoln. Other areas generally lighter than in 1957. (Mathewson, Kerr). VIRGINIA - Feeding on flowers, grape vines and fruit trees throughout King George County. Heavy enough to justify treatment of grapes and flowers. (Hall). NORTH CAROLINA - Decreasing in central and eastern areas. Adult emergence approach- ing peak in western counties, especially Buncombe and Henderson. Heavy pop- ulations in Boone area. (PPC). Eastern section of Cumberland County also heavily infested. (Johnson). FALL WEBWORM (Hyphantria cunea) -— NEW JERSEY - Becoming active on ornamentals in southern area. (Ins. Dis. Newsl.). IDAHO - Larvae seriously webbing and tying leaves of chokechery bushes in the North Fork area of Lemhi County. (Manis). Heavily webbing and seriously defoliating chokecherries in Kamiah and Orofino areas. (Gittins). BAGWORM (Thyridopteryx ephemeraeformis) - GEORGIA - Very heavy infestation on ornamentals in Fort Valley area. Arborvitae defoliated and grass damaged. (Snapp, July 11). VIRGINIA - Severe and general on arborvitae and similar plants in Hampton and York Counties. Totally defoliated some of the plants. (Adams). Severe on arborvitae in Newport News. (Stump). DELAWARE - Very heavy on red cedars locally in Sussex County. (MacCreary, Conrad). MARYLAND - Heavy on cedars at College Park. (U. Md., Ent. Dept.). TEXAS - Very heavy on evergreens, Kaufman City. (Hawkins). 660 INSECTS AFFECTING MAN AND ANIMALS MOSQUITOES - NEVADA - Aedes sp. increasing in Lovelock area, Pershing County. (Bechtel, Snyder, July II). IOWA - Becoming very serious. (Iowa Ins. Inf.). UTAH - Troublesome in many areas. (Knowlton). NORTH DAKOTA - Culex tarsalis females averaged 100-200 per trap per night in Fargo rural areas. Aedes vexans adults averaged 75 per trap per night showing increase in numbers over week prior to July 14. Larvae in area ponds. (Noetzel). NORTH CAROLINA - Aedes sollicitans population high in Pamlico and Hyde Counties, moderate in Carteret County. (Usry). HORN FLY (Siphona irritans) - NEBRASKA - Populations building up in sandhills range. (Roselle). UTAH = Annoying cattle in Rich and Weber Counties. (Knowlton). OKLAHOMA - Averaged 200-500 per cow on untreated animals in west- ern one half of State. (Coppock). ITCH MITE (Sarcoptes scabiei) - NEW MEXICO - Severe on young pigs at Virden, Hidalgo County. Was caused death of some. (N. M. Coop. Rpt.). STABLE FLY (Stomoxys calcitrans) - NEBRASKA - Populations increased in eastern and central areas. (Roselle). CATTLE GRUBS (Hypoderma spp.) - UTAH - Heel flies annoying cattle in Rich County and Ogden Valley of Weber County. (Knowlton). FLIES - IOWA -— Stable, horn and horse flies causing considerable loss to beef and dairy herds. (Iowa Ins. Inf.). UTAH - Horse flies extremely annoying to livestock and occasionally biting people in Randolph-Woodruff area and in Allen Canyon, Rich County. Deer flies annoying people and livestock in area of Rich County. (Knowlton). AMERICAN DOG TICK (Dermacentor variabilis) - NEBRASKA - Increased populations in central Platte Valley. (Roselle). POULTRY LICE - IOWA - Extremely numerous on farm flocks. (Iowa Ins. Inf.). FLEAS - NEBRASKA - Numerous infestations of dog fleas in homes in southeast. (Roselle). OKLAHOMA - An unusually large number of dwellings infested in Tulsa area. (Bower). STORED-PRODUCT INSECTS A GRAIN MITE (Lepidoglyphus cadaverum) - OREGON - Heavy in ryegrass seed in Salem, July 1. (Krantz). STORED-GRAIN BEETLES - WASHINGTON - Oryzaephilus surinamensis and Laemophloeus spp. moderately heavy in wheat and barley held over from 1957 harvest in eastern part of State. (Walker). BENEFICIAL INSECTS HONEY BEE (Apis mellifera) - RHODE ISLAND - Three cases of foul brood in North Kingston aréa. (fansen). MINNESOTA - Prevailing cloudy and cool weather has retarded activity in bee hives over much of State. Warm, sunny weather needed to realize a normal honey harvest. (Minn. Ins. Rpt.). 661 PREDATORS - NEVADA - Lady beetles, lacewings and syrphid larvae extremely numerous in most alfalfa growing areas of State. (Bechtel, et al., July 11). SOUTH DAKOTA - Lady beetles abundant throughout eastern and south central alfalfa fields, with up to 100 larvae, pupae and adults per 10 sweeps. Lace- wing larvae and adults averaged 6 per 100 sweeps in same areas. (Hantsbarger, July 11). IDAHO - Adults emerging in great numbers on crops and wasteland, many parts of Latah, Nez Perce and Lewis Counties. Extreme abundance of this species will probably take care of most aphid problems in these areas. (Manis, Gittins). NORTH DAKOTA - High numbers of adult syrphids in many cereal grain fields in Northwood area, Grand Forks County. (Post). OKLAHOMA - Collops spp. averaged 1-5 adults per 10 sweeps from scattered alfalfa fields in western and southwestern counties. Lady beetles increased in fields with considerable numbers of spotted alfalfa aphid. (Coppock). MISCELLANEOUS INSECTS EUROPEAN EARWIG (Forficula auricularia) - NEVADA - Becoming nuisance around homes, damaged garden plants and flowers, Reno-Sparks area, Washoe County. (Bechtel, Lauderdale, July 11). UTAH - Very annoying in several Beaver County localities. A common problem in many communities. (Knowlton). RHODE ISLAND - Continues troublesome throughout State. (Caroselli). A JERUSALEM CRICKET (Stenopelmatus sp.) - NEVADA - Numerous north of Sparks, Washoe County. (Lauderdale, afin Byala). STRAWBERRY ROOT WEEVIL (Brachyrhinus ovatus) - RHODE ISLAND - Entering houses in numbers at Johnston. (Mathewson) . ADDITIONAL NOTES NEW YORK - APPLE APHID and ORCHARD MITE buildups moderate to heavy in few orchards in Niagara County. APPLE MAGGOT emergence appears to be at low level in Wayne County and may continue later into the season than usual. Hatching of MEXICAN BEAN BEETLE eggs occurring generally. Populations are abundant in Erie County. TOOTHED FLEA BEETLE was exceptionally abundant on weedy corn in Poughkeepsie, July 13-15. First TOMATO HORNWORM moth trapped July 11 in Hudson Valley. (N. Y. Wkly. Rpt.). ALABAMA - EUROPEAN CORN BORER moths very abundant in northern part of State. In several areas checked, egg masses averaged 50 per 100 plants. (Ruffin). 662 LIGHT TRAP COLLECTIONS Pseud. Agrot. Prod. Perid. Protoparce Heliothis unip. yps. ornith. marg. sexta quing. zea vires. ARKANSAS Atkins 7/10-16 192 Fayetteville 7/10-16 78 31 18 59 Hope 7/10-16 7 2 17 Kelso 7/10-16 15 4 2 2 Morrilton 7/10-16 46 12 10 ILLINOIS Urbana 7/11-17 642 8 INDIANA (Counties) Orange 7/9-15 927 22 3 72 22 7 Tippecanoe 7/10-14 4152 9 1 81 LOUISIANA Baton Rouge 7/11-17 2 168 4 1 Shreveport 7/11-17 al 5 4 MAINE Monmouth 7/13-19 33 Orono 7/13-19 Gi MISSISSIPPI Grenada 7/7-12 6 4 9 Senatobia 7/4-17 9 3 *State College 7/6-12 251 12 433 3 al al iLih 20 *Stoneville 7/11-17 92 130 PANS 3 14 45 1 NEBRASKA Alliance 7/2-7 108 1 73 4 il Kearney 7/3-10 236 5 141 2 7 3 Lincoln 7/4-11 3386 280 42 105 North Platte 7/4-10 11,940 61 1869 10 63 23 1 Scotts Bluff 7/8-14 866 9 2, NORTH CAROLINA Clayton 7/17 42 4 36 26 2 10 4 Faison 7/17 18 2 46 2 ive 5 1 SOUTH CAROLINA CharleSton 7/7-20 3 3 213 1 35 5 Clemson 7/12-18 270 10 190 1 27 23 37 3 Florence 7/13-19 145 iz 211 38 95 14 150 46 TENNESSEE (Counties) Blount 7/8-14 PX} 27 231 18 6 6 27 Cumberland 514 8 50 30 2 6 20 Greene 1776 15 66 51 6 9 Maury 512 84 12 8 8 24 Robertson T32 12 30 60 12 6 6 TEXAS Brownsville 7/8-11 16 48 496 ARMYWORM (Pseudaletia unipuncta) - WISCONSIN - 7/8-14: *Arlington - 510; Fall River - 132; Janesville - 722; La Crosse - 1000; Middleton - 140; Oakfield - 109; Platteville - 652; Ripon - 1496; River Falls - 1710; Rosendale - 681; Stevens Point -66; *Theresa - 796. *Two traps-State College, 4 traps-Stoneville, 2 traps—Arlington, 3 traps—Theresa. 663 INSECTS NOT KNOWN TO OCCUR IN THE UNITED STATES EUROPEAN CHERRY FRUIT FLY (Rhagoletis cerasi L.) Ecomonic Importance: This tephritid is considered to be one of the most ser- lous pests of cherries in Europe. It frequently causes severe damage in-cen- tral European countries and in recent years has caused severe damage in southern Norway. In Bulgaria in 1929, from 80 to 100 percent of the fruit was damaged in many instances. Infestations in Norway are frequently over 90 percent. Considerable loss occurs in the preserve industry in Germany and further loss is realized in this country from cherry import restrictions operating in Great Britain and other countries. In the past few years it has been inter- cepted in increasing numbers at U. S. ports of entry. As many as 31 intercep- tions have been reported at Atlantic Coast ports in a season, Hosts: The major host is cherry, but it will also attack several other species of Prunus. Lonicera tatarica and L. xylosteum appear to be important alternate hosts, thou ey are not preferred. Distribution: Occurs throughout most of Continental Europe and parts of Turkey in Asia. In USSR extends from southern Leningrad province to the Crimea and in southeastern Kazakhstan. General Distribution of Rhagoletis cerasi (Tephritidae, Diptera) No. 55 of Series 664 Life History and Habits: In France the adults emerge from the overwintering pupal cases in early May. They begin feeding shortly afterward upon the secretions on the tree. Unfed females cannot become sexually mature. Newly emerged adults are sluggish and are easily captured. Weather greatly influences the activity of the adults. They remain immobile on cold cloudy days. In about 11 days the females begin laying eggs in fruits, each laying from 50 to 60 with a maximum of 100. The eggs are placed beneath the epidermis, usually one per fruit. Incubation lasts from 6 to 12 days, varying with temperature. Larval development averages 30 days. When mature, the larvae leave the fruit and enters the soil to pupate. The puparia remain in the soil until the fol- lowing May, some pupae remain for a second year. Larvae hatching in green fruit rapidly die, but thrive in mature fruit and tunnel toward the center. The tissue around the oviposition scar in infested fruit becomes soft and brownish. Description: The adult is small, 3.5 to 4 mm. long; almost entirely black; head large, clear yellow anteriorly and dusky on lower face. Face not keeled. Frons little larger than one eye, seen from below. Ocelli triangle, brown; antennae colorless. Chaetae and bristles of head very short. Thorax black with exception of brilliant lateral line. In addition, anterior part of thorax with two brownish longitudinal bands and sides of shield with black spots. Abdomen black, ornamented by marginal hairs on last segments. Femora black, tibiae and tarsi yellow except posterior pair which darken toward middle. Wing with characteristic design. (See illustration of adults). Bands and markings of wings blackish. Males distinguished from females prin- cipally by elongation of fifth abdominal segment and absence of ovipositor. Mature larvae white, 2.5 mm. long. (Prepared in Plant Pest Survey Section in cooperation with other ARS agencies.) CEIR 8(30) 7-25-58 Adults of Phagoletis cerasi Figures (except map) from Norge, I. 1951. Melding fra Statens Plantevern 5, 35 pp. Meg Poni) SHU ie bye ie 7 ‘i ne Re Banu) en hie? bem, if ty we6 E HENS 2 2c ic 3g 2 2c ie 2k 2 aK ke 2 2 2 KC 2g 2K AK 2c 2k 2 Reports in this issue are for the week ending September 12, unless otherwise designated. 810 WEATHER BUREAU 30-DAY OUTLOOK MID-SEPTEMBER TO MID-OCTOBER 1958 The Weather Bureau's 30-day outlook for the period mid-September to mid-October calls for temperatures to average above Seasonal normals over the southeastern quarter of the nation, Texas and in the area from the Ohio Valley eastward through the Middle Atlantic States. Near normal temperatures are indicated for New England and states bordering the eastern Great Lakes. Over the western half of the country below normal temperatures are anticipated, except for above normal along the West Coast. This country-wide temperature pattern marks a _. reversal from that of the past 30 days when unseasonably cold weather dominated the East and warm weather the West. Precipitation is expected to exceed normal over most of the area lying between the Appalachians and the Continental Divide. Subnormal amounts are expected over the Southeast and far Southwest. Otherwise, about normal precipitation is indicated. Weather forecast given here is based on the official 30-day ''Resume and Outlook", published twice a month by the Weather Bureau. You can subscribe through Superintendent of Documents, Washington 25, D. C. Price $4.80 a year, $2.40 a half year. WEATHER OF THE WEEK ENDING SEPTEMBER 15 This week, although pleasant and sunny over much of the Nation, managed to produce some unseasonable temperature extremes, ranging from record lows for so early in the season of 49° at Chattanooga, Tennessee and 35.9° at Hartford, Connecuticut, to a record high for so late in the season of 97° at Glasgow, Montana. Temperatures averaged below normal from the Mississippi Valley eastward and above normal to the west, except for interior California and parts of southern Oregon and western Nevada. For the most part precipitation amounts were generally under + inch, except in sections of the Mississippi Valley and the southern tier of states from Arizona eastward. Tropical.storm Fifi, early last Tuesday was 560 miles south-southwest of Bermuda. This storm finally curved out over the Atlantic without affecting the United States. Another tropical storm, Gerda, developed in the Caribbean, passed Puerto Rico the night of the 13th, and after crossing the western tip of Haiti on the 15th diminished in activity. Unseasonably warm temperatures prevailed over the northern Rocky Mountain States until cool air, spilling out of Canada, first brought tempera- tures typical of mid-October to the upper Mississippi and Ohio Valleys and the Great Lakes region by mid-week and later to some other sections of the country. Showers and thunderstorms developed along the boundary of cool and warm air as it pushed southeastward. On the 10th, 5.20 inches of precipitation fell at Mountain View, Arkansas, on the 12th, 4.37 inches at Franklinton, Louisiana, and on the 13th, 4.00 inches at Key West, Florida. Clear skies resulted in dense morning fog in the upper Ohio Valley and along the western side of the Appalachians ahead of the front on the 9th. During the week, temperatures near freezing were reported in most States from West Virginia northward and some frost occurred, particularily in low-lying susceptible places. Freezing temperatures were reported in the cranberry bogs of New Jersey on the 12th and T3ith. Temperatures of 100° or higher were reported from Pierre, South Dakota on the 8th, and in the southwestern desert nearly every day. However, higher pressure pushing into the West resulted in considerable cooling after midweek and even the desert regions of the Far Southwest were affected,with temperatures failing to warm up to the 100° mark on the afternoon of the 13th and minima the next morning dropping generally to the 50's and 60's with near freezing in parts of Arizona. This high pressure produced fair weather in the West by the 14th. Weather of the Week continued on page 822. 811 CEREAL AND FORAGE INSECTS GRASSHOPPERS - ALABAMA - Several species caused moderate damage to grain sorghum in Chambers County. (Barwood). NORTH DAKOTA - Completed adult survey shows non-economic levels over most of State. Threatening in northeastern Divide, northwestern Burke and south central Bowman Counties. Dominant species is Melanoplus bivittatus, with M. bilituratus and M. femur-rubrum following in about equal numbers. (N. D. Ins. Rpt.). TEXAS - Several species attacked fall-sown wheat in Moore County. (Garner). UTAH - M. femur-rubrum remained locally numerous in some grassy fields and roadsides in Wayne, Sevier and Cache Counties. Non-economic in many localities. Some egg-laying occurred. (Knowlton). COLORADO - M. bilituratus dominant species. Second-generation nymphs averaged 15-25 per square yard on rangeland and adults 10-30 in 14 counties in eastern half of State. (ARS, Ext. Serv.). NEW MEXICO - Remained a problem in many areas of State. Caused minor damage to sorghum heads, tips of corn ears and alfalfa in Maxwell-Springer area, Colfax County, destroyed young grain stands along margins of wheat fields near Mosquero, Harding County. Replanting necessary in some areas. Control being applied near Cerro, Taos County. (N. M. Coop. Rpt.). EUROPEAN CORN BORER (Pyrausta nubilalis) - VIRGINIA - Severe in grain sorghum in Westmoreland County, with approximately 90 percent of stalks beginning to break at point of entry. (Ptucha). ALABAMA - Moderate on grain sorghum in northern part of State. (Grimes). SOUTH DAKOTA - Infestation averaged 53 percent in northeast district with 108 first to fifth-instar larvae per 100 plants and 65 percent in north central district with 151 fourth and fifth-_ instar larvae per 100 plants. (Klix, Hantsbarger). CORN EARWORM (Heliothis zea) - MARYLAND - Larvae light on pods of late soybeans in Dorcester and Worcester Counties. (U. Md., Ent. Dept.). DELAWARE - Decreased in field corn throughout State, but small larvae became noticeable in alfalfa and soybeans. (MacCreary, Conrad). ALABAMA - Moderate to heavy. infestations caused serious damage to grain sorghum in central and northern parts of the State. (Grimes). OKLAHOMA - In milo, averaged 1-7 per head in McClain and Garvin Counties (VanCleave, Pennington) , 1-4 per head in Bryan County (VanCleave, Vick) and 1-7 per head in Carter County, with almost 100 percent of corn ears infested. Early maturing corn severely damaged by side entry. (Arbuthnot). Averaged 1-3 per 10 sweeps in alfalfa in Grady and Garvin Counties. (VanCleave, Pennington). IDAHO - Infestation of late- maturing sweet and field corn ears approaching 100 percent in Canyon County, with 2-3 larvae per ear common. (Waters). UTAH - Moderate in Wayne County corn, heavier in Sevier County. All field corn examined infested. (Knowlton). COLORADO - Infested 50 percent of ears in Prowers, Bent, Otero, Crowley and Pueblo Counties. (Exp. Sta.). NEW MEXICO - Heavy, nearly 100 percent infestation, in early-planted corn but much less in later plantings, near Maxwell, Springer and Farley, Colfax County, and 80-90 percent at Moriarty and Estancia, Torrance County. (N. M. Coop. Rpt.). FALL ARMYWORM (Laphygma frugiperda) - COLORADO - Infested 50 percent of corn ears in Prowers, Bent, Otero, Crowley and Pueblo Counties. (Exp. Sta.). DELAWARE - Continued to feed commonly in fields of late field corn throughout State. Caused extensive damage to very late field corn in eastern Kent County. (MacCreary, Conrad). TEXAS - Damaged Bermuda and Dallisgrass pastures in Montgomery, Harris and Brazos Counties. (Garner) SORGHUM WEBWORM (Celama sorghiella) - OKLAHOMA - In milo, averaged 2-3 per head in Garvin County, 10-35 in Bryan County and 4-5 in Carter County. (VanCleave, et al.). TEXAS - Heavy on late grain sorghums in river bottoms of Kaufman County. (Hawkins). ALABAMA - Light on grain sorghum in central and northern areas. (Grimes). 812 CORN FLEA BEETLE (Chaetocnema pulicaria) - TEXAS - Caused some damage to leaves of grain sorghum in Floyd County. (Hawkins). CLOVER ROOT CURCULIO (Sitona hispidula) - CALIFORNIA - Damaged corn at Soledad, Monterey County. (Cal. Coop. Rpt.). SOUTHWESTERN CORN BORER (Zeadiatraea grandiosella) - TEXAS - Survey of 24 fields in 15 high plains area counties Showed infestation to range 58-100 percent. (Hawkins). CORN LEAF APHID (Rhopalosiphum maidis) - OKLAHOMA - Averaged 0-25 per milo stalk in Grady and Garvin Counties (VanCleave, Pennington) and the same in Jefferson County and 100-200 per stalk in Carter County (Howell). UTAH - Generally low on corn. Some damage at Sigurd, Sevier County. (Knowlton). SPIDER MITES - COLORADO - Tetranychus telarius damage to corn increased in Prowers, Bent, Otero, Crowley and Pueblo Counties. (Exp. Sta.). TEXAS - Caused heavy damage to leaves of grain sorghum in Parmer County. (Hawkins). UTAH - Damage severe in a few Sevier County corn fields in Salina and Richfield areas. (Knowlton). SORGHUM MIDGE (Contarinia sorghicola) - OKLAHOMA - Averaged 30-40 per flowering head in late sorghums in Payne County. (Howell). CHINCH BUG (Blissus leucopterus) - OKLAHOMA - Averaged 300 per 400 stalks in sorghums in Bryan, Pontotoc, Garvin and Payne Counties and 2 per 10 sweeps in alfalfa in Garvin County. (VanCleave, Pennington). FALSE CHINCH BUGS (Nysius spp.) - NEW MEXICO - Continued to damage grain sorghum fields in Quay County. Appeared to be decreasing. (N. M. Coop. Rpt.). ENGLISH GRAIN APHID (MacroSiphum granarium) - UTAH - Light on late spring grains at Fremont and Loa, Wayne County. (Knowlton). WHEAT CURL MITE (Aceria tulipae) - IDAHO - Very abundant on late-planted grain growing in roadways on University Agronomy Farm. Symptoms of wheat streak mosaic very apparent in these plantings. (Manis). ALFALFA CATERPILLAR (Colias philodice eurytheme) - CALIFORNIA - Heavy and seriously damaged alfalfa in Yuba City area of Sutter County. (Cal. Coop. Rpt.). OKLAHOMA - Averaged 1-3 per 10 sweeps in alfalfa in Grady and Garvin Counties and 1-2 in Murray County. (VanCleave, Pennington). UTAH - Common, but rarely economically injurious. (Knowlton). ALFALFA LOOPER (Autographa californica) - SOUTH DAKOTA - Larvae averaged one per 20 sweeps in alfalfa in northeast, north central and east central areas. (Klix, Hantsbarger). GREEN CLOVERWORM (Plathypena scabra) - DELAWARE - Small larvae common in alfalfa and noticeable on Soybeans throughout most of State. (MacCreary, Conrad). OKALHOMA - Averaged 5-20 per 10 sweeps in Garvin County alfalfa. (VanCleave, Pennington). NEBRASKA - Moderate to heavy, 22-40 per 100 sweeps, in alfalfa in southeast portion of State. (Andersen). LESPEDEZA WEBWORM (Tetralopha scortealis) - NORTH CAROLINA - Infestation in 220 acres of serica leSpedeza with damage up to severe in 100 acres. (Williford, Rabb) . WEBWORMS - UTAH - Extremely numerous over more than 100 acres of range at Bicknell, Wayne County. Invaded alfalfa and potato fields. (Knowlton). NEW MEXICO - Loxostege sp. extremely large numbers caused damage at Santa 313 Fe, Santa Fe County. Severe and damaged wheat at House, Quay County. Damaged flowers, shrubs and trees in Quay, Torrance and Otero Counties. (N. M. Coop.Rpt.). NEBRASKA - Averaged 20 per 100 sweeps in alfalfa in southeast portion of State. (Andersen) . ALFALFA WEEVIL (Hypera postica) - WYOMING - Averaged 2-3 larvae and 2-3 adults per 25 sweeps in many Lincoln County fields. (Davison). UTAH - Larvae more common than usual for this time of year in Sevier, Wayne and Sanpete County alfalfa fields. (Knowlton). LESSER CLOVER LEAF WEEVIL (Hypera nigrirostris) - WYOMING - Caused a trace of damage in red clover near Thayne, Lincoln County. (Davison). BANDED CUCUMBER BEETLE (Diabrotica balteata) - CALIFORNIA - Light ‘on alfalfa in Santee, San Diego County. (Cal. Coop. Rpt.). BEAN LEAF BEETLE (Cerotoma trifurcata) - VIRGINIA - Light in soybeans in eastern part of State, not a threat to yield. (Morris). SPOTTED CUCUMBER BEETLE (Diabrotica undecimpunctata howardi) - VIRGINIA - Light in soybeans in eastern part of State, not a threat to yield. (Morris). PEA APHID (Macrosiphum pisi) - DELAWARE - Heavy in most alfalfa and clover fields throughout State. (MacCreary, Conrad). NEW MEXICO - Generally light in alfalfa throughout most of State. (N. M. Coop. Rpt.). WYOMING - Variable in western part of State. Averaged 750-800 per 100 sweeps in some fields and as low as 50-100 in other fields. (Davison). MASSACHUSETTS - Increased from approximately 2 to approximately 15 per sweep in southwestern part of State. (Lavigne, Shaw). UTAH - Caused moderate damage to alfalfa in some Sevier and Sanpete County fields. Generally moderate to light in Wayne, Sevier, Sanpete, Utah, Juab and Salt Lake County alfalfa fields examined. (Knowlton). COLORADO - Averaged 200-250 per 100 sweeps in alfalfa in Prowers, Bent, Otero, Crowley, Pueblo, Larimer and Weld Counties. (Exp. Sta., Sept. 2). SPOTTED ALFALFA APHID (Therioaphis maculata) - COLORADO - Averaged 400-600 per 100 sweeps in Prowers, Bent, Otero, Crowley and Pueblo Counties. Counts reduced by predators and controls in Mesa, Montrose, Garfield and Delta Counties, with 20-300 per 100 sweeps. (Exp. Sta.). NEW MEXICO - Moderately heavy in several alfalfa fields in Socorro and San Juan Counties. (N. M. Coop. Rpt.). CALIFORNIA - Medium in Chualar area, Monterey County. (Cal. Coop. Rpt.). OKLAHOMA - In alfalfa, averaged 100-700 per 10 sweeps in Grady and Garvin Counties and 50-100 in Murray County (VanCleave, Pennington) and 200-300 in Bryan County (VanCleave, Vick). TEXAS - Light to medium in Hale County alfalfa. (Hawkins). UTAH - Migration now as far north as Salt Lake, Tooele and Carbon Counties. Specimens mostly winged in more northern collections. (Knowlton). NEBRASKA - Continued to spread north and eastward. Few numbers present at North Platte, Lincoln County, and as far east as Thayer County. Heaviest in Republican Valley area south of McCook, Red Willow County. Ranged up to 200 per sweep in this area. (Hill, Howe). LYGUS BUGS (Lygus spp.) - NEW MEXICO - Averaged one adult and 12 nymphs per sweep in Socorro County alfalfa fields. Averaged 2 per sweep in alfalfa fields around Los Lunas, Valencia County. (N. M. Coop. Rpt.). MARYLAND - L. lineolaris adults and nymphs averaged 2 per sweep on alfalfa at Ellicott City, Howard County. (U. Md., Ent. Dept.). SOUTH DAKOTA - Nymphs and adults averaged 24 per 20 sweeps on alfalfa in north central and northeast areas, with up to 75 per 20 sweeps in one locality in Roberts County. In east central area averaged 31 nymphs and adults per 20 sweeps. (Klix, Hantsbarger). WYOMING - Averaged 24 per 25 sweeps in Lincoln County red clover and 6-18 per 25 sweeps in seed alfalfa in Riverton area of Fremont County. (Davison). UTAH - Numerous in some alfalfa fields in Juab, Sevier and Wayne Counties. Light on potatoes in Wayne County. (Knowlton). NEBRASKA - L. lineolaris heavy in those alfalfa fields left for seed in southeast area. Ranged 26-55 per 100 sweeps. (Andersen) . 814 Potential Spittlebug Situation for Spring 1959 in Illinois Moderate to Severe Light Non- economic Adults per sweep rw Upper figure - County average, ta Lower figure - Highest field average MEADOW SPITTLEBUG (Philaenus leucophthalmus) - MARYLAND - Adults averaged 6 per sweep on alfalfa at Ellicott City. (U. Md., Ent. Dept.). PLANT BUGS - MARYLAND - Adelphocoris rapidus adults averaged 2 per 10 sweeps on alfalfa at Ellicott City, Howard County. (U. Md., Ent. Dept.). ; NEBRASKA - A. lineolatus counts ranged 15-25 per 100 sweeps and A. rapidus 5-20 per 100 sweeps on alfalfa in southeast portion of State. (Andersen). CLOVER LEAFHOPPER (Aceratagallia sanguinolenta) - SOUTH DAKOTA - Averaged 19 per 20 sweeps on northeast area alfalfa, 28 in north central and 17 in east central areas. (Klix, Hantsbarger). UTAH - Aceratagallia sp. common in alfalfa fields in Wayne, Sevier and Utah Counties. (Knowlton). POTATO LEAFHOPPER (Empoasca fabae) - MASSACHUSETTS - Exceptionally light, averaged 5-15 per 100 sweeps. (Lavigne, Shaw). THREE-CORNERED ALFALFA HOPPER (Spissistilus festinus) - LOUISIANA - Total of 141 adults and 18 nymphs taken in 100 sweeps in soybeans, St. Landry Parish. (Spink). OKLAHOMA - Averaged 6-8 per 10 sweeps in Bryan County alfalfa (VanCleave, Vick), 4-6 in Murray County (VanCleave, Pennington). TEXAS - Averaged 2 per sweep in Hale County alfalfa. (Hawkins). A CHINCH BUG (Blissus leucopterus insularis) - ALABAMA - Caused severe damage to St. Augustine grass lawns in Montgomery County. (Blackwell). 815 CUTWORMS - NEVADA - Heavy in clover and dichondra lawns in Las Vegas, Clark County. (Zoller, Sept. 5). NORTHERN MASKED CHAFER (Cyclocephala borealis) - MARYLAND - Larvae active in turf at Lanham, Prince Georges County. (U. Md., Ent. Dept.). WHITE FRINGED BEETLES (Graphognathus spp.) - ALABAMA - Inspections were made of 110 nurseries and 2,476 other properties in 40 counties with 2,345 acres being found infested, all in vicinity or adjacent to already known infestations. (Owen). SOYBEAN CYST NEMATODE (Heterodera glycines) - ALABAMA - Soil samples were taken from 125 properties comprising 3,084 acres in 6 Southwest counties. Visual inspections for plant symptoms were made on 122 properties in same area comprising 3,691 acres. Results were negative. (Owen). ADDITIONAL NOTES KANSAS - GRASSHOPPERS threatening to severe in several localized areas in some southwestern counties. Heaviest in heavy volunteer wheat areas in Meade, Haskell and Seward Counties, with up to 30 per square yard. Predominantly Melanoplus bilituratus and about 75 percent adults. Scattering from volunteer fields and moving generally over wheat and grain sorghum fields. Baiting and Spraying in progress. Lower, generally 5-10 per square yard, in west central and northwestern counties. (Gates). Non-economic to light in localized areas in Pottawatomie, Shawnee, Waubansee, Riley and Geary Counties, with up to 6 per square yard. M. bilituratus and M. femur-rubrum dominant species. The former species generally third and fourth-instar nymphs. (Matthew). CORN EARWORM in grain sorghum heads in most fields examined. Counts in east central counties low, generally non-economic to light. Averaged 1-2 per infested head with about 20 percent plant infestation. (Matthew). Larvae in most grain sorghum fields examined in southwestern counties, however larval ‘counts and plant infestation low. Limited amount of spraying in progress in some areas. (Gates). Infestations requiring control found in localized areas in a few grain sorghum fields in Riley County. Heavier infested fields with 1-8 larvae per infested head. Infestation levels up to 80 percent. Generally, counts much lower. (Burkhardt). SPOTTED ALFALFA APHID found in nearly all alfalfa fields examined in Kansas River Valley in Pottawatomie, Shawnee, Wabaunsee and Riley Counties, with 80-600 per 100 sweeps. About 30 percent winged adults. PEA APHID in Kansas River Valley alfalfa fields ranged to highs of 65 per sweep in Pottawatomie, Shawnee, Wabaunsee, Riley and Geary Counties. (Matthew). 816 FRUIT INSECTS ORCHARD MITES - CALIFORNIA - Tetranychus telarius heavy on walnuts in Arlington, Riverside County, and Panonychus ulmi heavy on plum trees in Santa Cruz County. (Cal. Coop. Rpt.). NEW MEXICO - Most adults of Tetranychus spp. have left foliage and moved to bases of trees in Bernalillo, Sandoval, San Juan, Rio Arriba and Taos Counties. Bryobia praetiosa complex eggs numerous on branches in many orchards in Bernalillo, Sandoval and Rio Arriba Counties. (N. M. Coop. Rpt.). COLORADO - T. telarius defoliated trees in Larimer County. (Ext. Serv., Sept. 2). Vasates cornutus Silvering leaves, many orchards. (Exp. Sta., Sept. 2). CODLING MOTH (Carpocapsa pomonella) - NEW MEXICO - Culls due to infested apples running 1-30 percent at packing shed in Albuquerque and Fairview. Poorly treated orchards often 90-100 percent infested. (N. M. Coop. Rpt.). MARYLAND - Late-brood damage to apples at Frederick. (U. Md., Ent. Dept.). CATFACING INSECTS - NEW MEXICO - Losses due to these insects greater this season than for years on peaches in San Juan, Rio Arriba and Taos Counties. Also damaged pears and apples to a lesser extent. (N. M. Coop. Rpt.). WALNUT HUSK FLY (Rhagoletis completa) - CALIFORNIA - Heavy infestation on peaches in Riverside, Riverside County. Atkinson, U. C. Exp. Sta.). GRAPE LEAF FOLDER (Desmia funeralis) - VIRGINIA - Larvae very heavy and have about destroyed leaves of grape vines in Toano, James City County. (Morris, Bryant). APHIDS - UTAH - Pecans at St. George, Santa Clara, Hurricane area heavily in- fested with Monellia caryae, M. nigropunctata and M. costalis. Black walnut trees at Mapleton and Provo severely infested by M. nigropunctata this summer, with M. californica and M. caryae involved. Chromaphis juglandicola damaged walnuts at Moab and Logan. (Knowlton). TEXAS - Melanocallis caryefoliae defoliating pecan trees in Gonzales County. (Garner). ARIZONA - Generally heavy on pecan trees to extent that entire leaves are thickly coated with honey- dew. (Woodruff). RED-BANDED LEAF ROLLER (Argyrotaenia velutinana) - NEW MEXICO - Heavy losses in at least one orchard near Albuquerque. Losses estimated at more than one-third of crop. Other orchards in southern Bernalillo County affected to a lesser extent. (N. M. Coop. Rpt.). COLORADO - Infestations on apple averaged one larva per leaf whorl in Delta County. (Exp. Sta., Sept. 2). EUROPEAN EARWIG (Forficula auricularia) - CALIFORNIA - Spotted infestations in eastern part of Calaveras County. Damaging walnuts on trees by entering the husk from the stem and eating out the husk lining, leaving the husk to dry. (Cal. Coop. Rpt.). MEDITERRANEAN FRUIT FLY (Ceratitis capitata) - ALABAMA - Twenty traps operated in Baldwin and Mobile Counties during the month. Results negative. (Grimes). TRUCK CROP INSECTS CABBAGE LOOPER (Trichoplusia ni) - OREGON - Continued serious on cabbage plantings in Washington, Marien and Multnomah Counties. Populations exceeded those noted in past several years. All larval stages present in fields week of September 7. (Every). DELAWARE - Larval feeding common on cole crops throughout State. (MacCreary, Conrad). NEW MEXICO - Larvae moderate on lettuce near Alameda, Bernalillo County. (N. M. Coop. Rpt.). TEXAS - Eggs and young larvae heavy on lettuce in Deaf Smith and Floyd Counties. (Hawkins). 817 IMPORTED CABBAGEWORM (Pieris: rapae) - DELAWARE - Decreased in most cases throughout State. (MacCreary, Conrad). CALIFORNIA - Medium and damaged broccoli in Guadalupe area of Santa Barbara County. (Cal. Coop. Rpt.) CELERY LEAF TIER (Udea rubigalis) - CALIFORNIA - Medium on lettuce in the Watsonville area of Santa Cruz County. (Cal. Coop. Rpt.). CABBAGE APHID (Brevicoryne brassicae) - OREGON - Built up on cauliflower and broccoli in Washington, Marion and Multnomah Counties. (Every, Sept. 7). CALIFORNIA - Adults medium in Salinas area of Monterey County. (Cal. Coop. Rpt.). SIX-SPOTTED LEAFHOPPER (Macrosteles fascifrons) - COLORADO - Averaged 150-250 per 100 sweeps on turnips. Incidence of aster yellows 50-75 percent at LaPorte, Larimer County. (Exp. Sta.). SQUASH BUG (Anasa tristis) - TEXAS - Caused some damage to squash plants in Floyd County. ( Hawkins). EUROPEAN CORN BORER (Pyrausta nubilalis) - DELAWARE - Rather heavy feeding by small larvae in pepper fruits and late potatoes throughout State. (MacCreary, Conrad). HORNWORMS (Protoparce spp.) - COLORADO - Averaged 1.2 larvae per 100 leaves on tomatoes in Bent, Crowley, Otero and Pueblo Counties. (Exp. Sta.). NEW MEXICO - Defoliated tomato plants in several fields in Albuquerque area, Bernalillo County. (N. M. Coop. Rpt.). TEXAS - Damaged tomato plants in Floyd County and caused light damage to potato plants in Deaf Smith County. (Hawkins). TOMATO FRUITWORM (Heliothis zea) - COLORADO - Eggs per 100 tomato leaves increased from 0.6 to 0.7, August 30 to September 6, in Bent, Crowley, Otero and Pueblo Counties. (Exp. Sta.). TEXAS - Medium to heavy on tomatoes in Floyd and Deaf Smith Counties. (Hawkins). SOUTHERN ARMYWORM (Prodenia eridania) - FLORIDA - Larvae caused concern in tomato producing areas near Homestead, Dade County. (Ellas ‘Coop. Suxs)s BLISTER BEETLES - FLORIDA - Averaged 1-15 per plant on 30 acres of eggplant inspected, Alachua County. Det. W. P. Hunter. (Fla. Coop. Sur.). FLEA BEETLES - VIRGINIA - Numerous on cole crops and peppers on Eastern Shore. (Hofmaster). UTAH - Caused moderate damage to potatoes and rhubarb at Nephi, Juab County. (Knowlton). TEXAS - Epitrix cucumeris caused heavy damage to potato tubers in Deaf Smith County. (Hawkins). NEVADA - Flea beetle reported in CEIR 8(35) : 762 determined as E. hirtipennis by L. G. Gentner. Caused localized, heavy damage to potato foliage in Mason Valley, Lyon County, and tuber damage in Smith and Mason Valleys. (Batchelder, Sept. 5). GREEN PEACH APHID (Myzus persicae) - CALIFORNIA - Medium on crucifers and potatoes in Salinas area and heavy on potatoes in Streckels area, both in Monterey County. (Caley Coops Rpt)» POTATO APHID (Macrosiphum solanifolii) - COLORADO - Populations of this species and Myzus sp. on potatoes reduced by predation and migrations from maturing plants in Weld, Montrose and Garfield Counties. (Exp. Sta.). UTAH - Generally low to moderate this season. (Knowlton). POTATO PSYLLID (Paratrioza cockerelli) - UTAH - Moderate on potatoes.at Nephi and Springville. Numbers fewer at Fremont. Taken on rabbitbrush at Elsinore and Salina. (Knowlton). COLORADO - Averaged one per 100 sweeps and one per 100 leaves on Weld County potatoes. (Expr. Sitay ye Septy -12)). 818 WHITEFLIES - TEXAS - Heavy on Deaf Smith County potatoes. Damage not apparent. (Hawkins) . GREEN CLOVERWORM (Plathypena scabra) - DELAWARE - Small larvae common in certain fields of snap and lima beans in Kent and Sussex Counties. (MacCreary, Conrad). LESSER CORNSTALK BORER (Elasmopalpus lignosellus) - CALIFORNIA - Heavy on string beans in San Diego, San Diego County. (CalgmCoop. Rpt.).. MEXICAN BEAN BEETLE (Epilachna varivestis) - FLORIDA - Averaged 1-10 per plant in 100 acres of beans inspected, Alachua County. Det. W. P. Hunter. (Fla. Goopr Sur.) TWO-SPOTTED SPIDER MITE (Tetranychus telarius) - CALIFORNIA - Heavy on beans at San Jose, Santa Clara County. Calpe CoopmRpitps ASPARAGUS BEETLE (Crioceris asparagi) - DELAWARE - Larvae heavy on asparagus ferns throughout most of State, adults common. (MacCreary, Conrad). SPOTTED ASPARAGUS BEETLE (Crioceris duodecimpunctata) - DELAWARE - Common to prevalent on asparagus ferns in the State. (MacCreary, Conrad). SWEETPOTATO WEEVIL (Cylas formicarius elegantulus) - ALABAMA - No new infestations found during August, with 21 additional p. properties released from regulation. (Owen) . STRAWBERRY APHID (Pentatrichopus fragaefolii) - OREGON - Appeared low for this time of year in northern Willamette Valley counties. (Every). A STRAWBERRY LEAF BEETLE (Paria sp.) - NORTH CAROLINA - Lightly injured 20 acres of strawberries; 10 acres moderately and 4 acre severely defoliated in Caldwell County. (Scott, Farrier). COTTON INSECTS BOLL WEEVIL (Anthonomus grandis) - LOUISIANA - Infestation averaged 14 percent in Ouachita Parish and 16 percent in some Tensas Parish fields and 3-20 percent in 7 other fields. Most cotton is about finished. (Spink). TENNESSEE - Migrated to areas not previously infested this season. Square counts of little or no value because of scarcity of squares. Considerable small boll injury in southern counties. (Locke). OKLAHOMA - Square infestation ranged 10-25 percent in Bryan County. (VanCleave, Vick). Infestation in squares and young bolls ranged 50-70 percent in Jefferson and Grady Counties. (Pennington). ALABAMA - Light to medium on irrigated cotton in Limestone County. (Grimes). BOLLWORMS (Heliothis spp. et al.) - LOUISIANA - Infestation averaged 14 percent in Ouachita Parish and one percent in some fields in Tensas Parish. Eggs averaged 5-25 per 100 squares and terminals in Tensas Parish, with very few larvae present. (Spink). TENNESSEE - Moths continued active in most fields, with egg laying in rank fields. All larval stages present. (Locke). OKLAHOMA - Boll damage averaged 2-4 percent in Grady County. (Pennington). ALABAMA - Large numbers of eggs on irrigated cotton in Limestone County, with as many 4-5 on some plants and over 50 percent of plants infested. (Grimes). 819 PINK BOLLWORM (Pectinophora gossypiella) - OKLAHOMA - One larva found in a lint cleaner in Garvin County. (Pennington). ALABAMA - During August, bloom, boll, lint cleaner and gin trash inspections made at 58 locations in 12 counties representing some 59,358 acres were negative. (Owen). CABBAGE LOPPER (Trichoplusia ni) - OKLAHOMA - One to two larvae per stalk ragging leaves in Bryan County. (VanCleave, Vick). ARIZONA - Increased in most cotton fields throughout Gila Valley, Graham County. (Woodruff). COTTON LEAF PERFORATOR (Bucculatrix thurberiella) - ARIZONA - Increased slightly in Graham County. (Woodruff). APHIDS - TENNESSEE - Increased in rank fields. Control needed in many fields to prevent loss in grade due to honeydew secretions in open cotton. (Locke) . ALABAMA - Aphis gossypii caused moderate damage to cotton in northern part of State. (Grimes). SPIDER MITES - TENNESSEE - Decreased, with more predatory insects being found. Some fields lost middle and top crop due to complete defoliation caused by this pest. (Locke). ALABAMA - Defoliated untreated cotton in northern part of State, with over 100 adults and nymphs per square inch in some areas. (Grimes). WHITEFLIES - NEVADA - Light in several cotton fields in Pahrump Valley, Nye County, and Moapa Valley, Clark County. (Lauderdale, Sept. 5). FOREST, ORNAMENTAL AND SHADE TREE INSECTS ORANGE-STRIPED OAKWORM (Anisota senatoria) - CONNECTICUT - An airplane survey disclosed heavy defoliation of woodlands in the Connecticut River Valley and in the southeastern two-thirds of the State. Damage is by far the worst on record. (Caoper). NORTH CAROLINA - Local infestation on oak in Caldwell County. (Scott, Farrier). GYPSY MOTH (Porthetria dispar) - CONNECTICUT - A survey indicated only one small area of woodlands in towns of Southington and Wolcott defoliated as much as 50 percent. Some 9,000 acres were treated in Bristol, Burlington, Wolcott and Plymouth. Damage was most severe in past several years. (Cooper, Sept. 1). FALL WEBWORM (Hyphantria cunea) - NEW MEXICO - Defoliating poplars all along the Rio Grande River. Lighter feeding on shade trees in Albuquerque, Espanola, Santa Fe and Taos. (N. M. Coop. Rpt.). WALNUT CATERPILLAR (Datana integerrima) - OKLAHOMA - About 10 percent damage to pecan trees infested in Grady County. (WanCleave, Pennington). SPRUCE BUDWORM (Choristoneura fumiferana) - NEW MEXICO - Increase in number of acres partially defoliated in northern area from 80,000 acres in 1957 to 220,000 acres in 1958. (N. M. Coop. Rpt.). FIR ENGRAVER (Scolytus ventralis) - NEW MEXICO - New outbreak found in Lincoln National Forest. Heavy infestation on 5,000 acres of white fir. Considerable damage to white fir on Sandia Mountains. CNS ME Coop. Rpti.). BARK BEETLES (Dendroctonus spp.) - NEVADA - Cutting operations on ponderosa pine infested with Dendroctonus monticola, D. brevicomis and D. valens in Crystal Bay area of Lake Tahoe were suspended July 9 because of heavy adult movement. Of the 6,900 originally marked trees, 6,100 were removed at a cost of $40,000. It is estimated that about 2,000 trees will be removed in 1959. (Zappettini, Sept. 5). 820 CALIFORNIA - Heavy on pines in El Cajon, San Diego County, light in Fresno. (Cal. Coop. Rpt.). NEW MEXICO - The association of Ips spp. and Dendroctonus spp. has decreased from 1,000,000 acres damaged in 1957 to about 200,000 acres in 1958. D. pseudotsugae decreased from 700,000 damaged acres in 1957 to 500,000 acres in 1958. (N. M. Coop. Rpt.). LEAF MINERS - WYOMING - Damage by Liriomyza sp. to cottonwood and aspen trees in western area. Zeugophora sp. moderately damaged cottonwood trees in Sweetwater County. (Davison). APHIDS - OKLAHOMA - Monellia caryae greatly increased in numbers, now averaging 10-15 per leaf in Payne and Grady Counties on pecans. (Bieberdorf, VanCleave). UTAH - Chaitophorus populicola heavily infested poplar in many areas. (Knowlton) SAWFLIES - MINNESOTA - Neodiprion lecontei feeding on jack pine in Pine City, St. Cloud and Brainerd area. A 40-acre stand treated in St. Cloud area. Diprion similis feeding in Brainerd area but infestation appears less severe than in previous years. The aerial survey for Pristiphora erichsonii defoliation completed. Infestation appears to have expanded. Areas of heavy defoliation have increased and show a movement westward. (Flaskerd). PEAR LEAF BLISTER MITE (Eriophyes pyri) - NEVADA - The eriophyid mite on ash in Washoe County reported in CEIR 8(35) : 768 has been determined by H. H. Keifer as the above species. (Bechtel, Sept. 5). A HACKBERRY EMPRESS (Asterocampa celtis) - KANSAS - Third generation hatched in east central area. This pest has caused more than the usual amount of injury this year. (Thompson). WHITE-MARKED TUSSOCK MOTH (Hemerocampa leucostigma) - DELAWARE - Larvae common on elms in Kent County and sycamores in Sussex County. (MacCreary, Conrad). ELM CALLIGRAPHA (Calligrapha scalaris) - SOUTH DAKOTA - Infestation of adults on elm in Parkston vicinity of Hutchinson County. (Kiix, Hantsbarger). ELM LEAF BEETLE (Galerucella xanthomelaena) - NEVADA - Pupation of present brood in progress in west central area. (Bechtel et al.). CALIFORNIA - Heavy on elms in Pleasant Hill, Contra Costa County. (Cale Coop. Rpt.) 2 — ULAHS— Seraousman Salt Lake and Weber Counties. (Knowlton). BAGWORM (Thyridopteryx ephemeraeformis) - DELAWARE - Very heavy on red cedar in areas of Kent and Sussex Counties. Prevalent on honeylocust in central Kent County. (MacCreary, Conrad). VIRGINIA - Damaging evergreens in Radford, Montgomery County. (Rowell). A LEAF ROLLER (Platynota stultana) - CALIFORNIA - Heavy on willow and roses in Bakersfield, Kern County. (Cal. Coop. Rpt.). MIMOSA WEBWORM (Homadaula albizziae) - VIRGINIA - Heavy on mimosa.in Blacksburg. (Rowell). SCALE INSECTS - CALIFORNIA - Aspidiotus camelliae medium infestations on maples in Salinas, Monterey County, and almond trees in Soledad area of Monterey County. Pinnaspis aspidistrae heavy on aspidistra in San Diego. (Cal. Coop. Rpt.). VIRGINIA - Unaspis euonymi heavy on euonymus in Prince William, Surrey and Fauquier Counties. (Rowell, Cox, Smith). A CHERMID (Chermes sp.) - NEW MEXICO - Heavy infestations on Colorado blue spruce around Raton, Colfax County. Galls very conspicuous. (N. M. Coop. Rpt.). 821 PRIVET MITE (Brevipalpus obovatus Donnadieu)* - CALIFORNIA - Heavy infestations on a succulent (Ceropegia sp.) and another plant species in Botanical Gardens of University of California, Berkeley. (Cal. Coop. Rpt.). EUROPEAN EARWIG (Forficula auricularia) - UTAH - Damaging lilac foliage and flowers at Salt Lake. Many still active in various parts of State. Found for first time in Wayne County, at Fremont. (Knowlton) . INSECTS AFFECTING MAN AND ANIMALS SCREW-WORMS (Callitroga spp.) - NEW MEXICO - Callitroga sp. is a serious problem on recently branded calves in Harding, Union and Colfax Counties. Few infesta- tions in sheep in Guadalupe County. Has been a minor problem on horses in Otero County. (N. M. Coop. Rpt.). ALABAMA - Two cases of C. hominivorax in Elmore County. This is first positive record for year. Sterile screw-worm flies being released. (Grimes, Lauderdale). MOSQUITOES - IDAHO - Severe and rather general infestation around dwellings in Twin Falls. (Gibson). Culex sp. continues to be a nuisance in Moscow. (Barr). UTAH - Mosquitoes, largely Aedes spp., numerous and annoying in several areas of Cache County. (Knowlton). NORTH CAROLINA - Large numbers of Aedes sollicitans emerged September 2 after heavy coastal rains along entire coast. (Ashton). ALABAMA - Culex quingquefasciatus prevalent in and around homes in Lee County. (Grimes). SHEEP KED (Melophagus ovinus) - VIRGINIA - On lambs from Augusta County. (Turner, Morgan). UTAH - Numerous on sheep examined in Wayne County. (Hall, Knowlton). BLOODSUCKING CONENOSE (Triatoma sanguisuga) - TEXAS - Invading homes in Hill County. (Hawkins). SAND FLIES (Culicoides spp.) - MARYLAND - Annoying humans at Waldorf. (U. Md., Ent. Dept.). STORED-PRODUCT INSECTS KHAPRA BEETLE (Trogoderma granarium) - ALABAMA - Four repeat inspections of warehouses in Mobile County were negative. (Owen). BENEFICIAL INSECTS PREDATORS - OKLAHOMA - Lady beetles, in alfalfa, averaged 5-15 per 10 sweeps in Grady and Garvin Counties, 10-15 in Bryan County and 6-8 in Murray County. In milo, averaged 1-3 per head in McClain County. (VanCleave, Pennington, Vick). Lacewings averaged 6-10 per 10 sweeps in alfalfa in Grady and Garvin Counties and 4-6 in Bryan County. (VanCleave, Pennington). SOUTH DAKOTA - Orius insidiosus averaged 14 per 20 sweeps on alfalfa in northeast, north central and east central districts. (Klix, Hantsbarger). UTAH - Lady beetles largely eliminated severe aphid attack on black walnut foliage in Provo area. Some Chrysopa sp., minute pirate bugs and syrphid larvae also helped. (Knowlton). * Pritchard, A. E. and Baker, E. W. 1958. False spider mites (Tenuipalpidae). Univ. Calif. Pub. Ent. 14(3) :231. 822 A BRACONID (Praon palitans) - NEW MEXICO - Appears to be spreading very effectively, being found in 22 of the 32 counties in the State. (N. M. Coop. Rpite'. A WEEVIL (Apion ulicis) - OREGON - Released at 4 sites in Curry and Lane Counties along coast since 1955 to aid in control of gorse. Increased many fold at 2 original release sites near Bandon, Coos County. (Capizzi). MISCELLANEOUS INSECTS IMPORTED FIRE ANT (Solenopsis saevissima richteri) - ALABAMA - An estimated 4,000 acres infested in the vicinity of Camp Rucker, Dale County. (Owen) . A FAN PALM MOTH (Litoprosopus coachella) - CALIFORNIA - Continues as a nuisance damaging household and office materials in Riverside County, also clothes in homes in San Jose, Santa Clara County and Stockton, San Joaquin County. (Cal. Goop, Rpt.) ASIATIC OAK WEEVIL (Cyrtepistomus castaneus) - DELAWARE - Prevalent in a Kent County alfalfa field and common on corn, soybeans and most vegetable crops throughout State. (MacCreary, Conrad). MARYLAND - Coming to lights and entering houses in Prince Georges, Charles and Montgomery Counties. (U. Md., Ent. Dept.). WEST VIRGINIA - Heavy populations on oak in southern area. Annoying at night gatherings such as ball games. (W. Va. Ins. Sur.). VIRGINIA - Heavy and causing concern in a manufacturing plant in Charlottsville, heavy around homes in Culpeper County, entering houses in Lancaster County and in large numbers on tobacco in Lunenburg County. (Rowell, et al.). Found around dwellings in Westmoreland and Amherst Counties. (Morris, Ptucha, Wilkins). JAPANESE BEETLE (Popillia japonica) - WEST VIRGINIA - Survey for 1958 showed infestations lighter in panhandle and new infestations in Pocahontas, Monroe, Jackson, Greenbrier and Mason Counties. Found in Nicholas County for first time this year. Populations increased in Summers, Mercer, Clay and Kanawha Counties. @We Was ins. Surk) % A SUBTERRANEAN TERMITE (Reticulitermes hesperus) - OREGON - In extremely large flights in Marion County week of September 7. (Capizzi). FALSE CHINCH BUGS (Nysius spp.) - NEVADA - Heavy migrations in west central and northwestern areas of State. (Coop. Rpt., Sept. 5). WEATHER OF THE WEEK ENDING SEPTEMBER 15 - Continued But as this cool air spread over the Great Plains it met warm, moisture bearing winds along a line from Texas to the Great Lakes region, resulting in showers and some heavy rainfalls. In advance of this line of showers and over the major portion of the remainder of the Nation, Sunny, autumn weather was experienced over the weekend. However, waterspouts and funnel clouds were reported off the northwest coast of Florida and south of Galveston, Texas on the 14th. Earlier in the week waterspouts were sighted near Ft. Lauderdale, Florida. Hail during the week was reported in parts of Idaho, Michigan and Wyoming. (Summary supplied by U. S. Weather Bureau). 823 INSECTS NOT KNOWN TO OCCUR IN THE UNITED STATES ASPARAGUS FLY (Platyparea poeciloptera Schrank) Economic Importance: This tephritid is considered to be one of the three most important pests of asparagus in France. Asparagus fly is generally considered to occur wherever asparagus iS grown in Europe, but environmental conditions in certain areas may prevent buildups of populations. Damage is most severe in young asparagus, two-year-old plantings suffering most. The larvae mine the stems, causing distortion or death of early shoots and later attack the plants that are left to develop. Asparagus beds that are left uncontrolled in England become unproductive. Infested older asparagus stems may be recognized in late summer by premature yellowing. This species has been erroneously reported as occurring in the Western Hemisphere. Distribution: Occurs generally throughout the central and southern parts of Europe, having been recorded in Austria, France, England, Netherlands, Germany, Hungary, Poland, Italy, Czechoslovakia, Sweden and USSR (Kiev Oblast). Hosts: Asparagus is the only known cultivated host. General Distribution of Asparagus Fly (Tephritidae, Diptera) No. 58 of Series 824 Life History and Habits: Adult emergence from overwintering puparia begins in April on the European Continent. The eggs are deposited Singly, about one inch from the asparagus tip, 0.5 to 1 mm. deep in the scales. Hatching occurs in a few days and the larvae begin to tunnel down the stems feeding on the tissues. One shoot may contain upwards of 20 larvae and pupae. The galleries of the larvae occasionally go to the roots but never penetrate them. Impeded and distorted growth of the stem indicates the presence of the insect. Just before pupation, the larva ascends the stem without making a new gallery to just above the soil level then excavates a passage to the surface without breaking the epidermis. The adult will emerge at this point. Larvae mature in 3 to 4 weeks and then pupate, head upwards, about 2 to 5 inches below the surface of the soil, though sometimes they will pupate above the surface. There is only one generation a year, but due to the lengthy period of emergence, newly- hatched larvae and pupae may be found at the same time, even in the same stem. Asparagus beds that are surrounded by high vegetation are sometimes protected from attack, since the females prefer to lay eggs in clean-cultivated asparagus. Description: The adult is similar in appearance to the celery fly, Acidia heraclei, but is slightly larger, and the black markings on the wings are more extensive. The body is almost entirely gray; head yellow, face ferruginous, palps testaceous, antennae brownish, frons chocolate-brown, eyes red. Thorax clear gray with three long, black longitudinal stripes; Shoulders yellowish. Wings are characteristic (see illustration). Abdomen black. Adult 5-7 mm. long. Eggs white and oval, 1.3 mm. long. Mature larva 7-29 mm. long, yellowish-white in color, front segments Slightly tapered with two hooks; posterior end flattened with brown plate surrounding two posterior, forked processes. Pupa 7-8 mm. long, slightly flattened on one side, short anchor-like process at posterior end. Color light brown at Male first, later becoming darker. (Prepared in Plant Pest Survey Section in cooperation with other ARS. agencies.) CEIR 8(38) 9-19-58 Female Wing Figures (except map) from Dingler, M. 1934. Arb. uber Physiol. u. Angew. Ent. 1(€2):131-162. 825 LIGHT TRAP COLLECTIONS Pseud. Agrot. Prod. Perid. Laphyg. Protoparce Heliothis unip. yps. ornith. marg. frug. sexta quing. zea vires. COLORADO Rocky Ford 8/22 ,25-27 ; 25 FLORIDA Monticello 9/3 3 Quincy 8/26 al 12 ILLINOIS Urbana 9/5-11 22 6 9 17 9 106 INDI ANA(Counties) Orange 9/5-7 a 2 Th 4 1 Lah nal 28 Tippecanoe 9/4-10 al: 9 27 22 7 al. 1 368 KANSAS Garden City 9/6-10 56 28 116 Manhattan 9/1-2 14 a 6 LOUISIANA Baton Rouge 9/5-11 45 ton 3 5 206 207 Shreveport 9/8,11 25 8 10 5 8 160 MAINE Monmouth 9/6-9 8 MARYLAND Fairland 8/29-9/10 14 19 6 4 igh 19 MISSISSIPPI *Stoneville 9/5-11 51 32 76 1 97 17 1 879 3 NEBRASKA Alliance 8/13-9/3 27 34 129 1 6 9 at Concord 8/15-9/3 58 32 29 163 Kearney 8/8-13 10 4 12 17 spp. 52 Lincoln 8/15-9/3 476 699 106 58 446 North Platte 8/15-9/4 96 62 9 nas) iyi 8 15 143 9 Scotts Bluff 8/19-9/1 27 tS USS 5 3 NORTH CAROLINA Clayton 9/5-11 41 13 24 8 1 53 3 Faison 9/5-11 144 iN} 57 ial Ths} 29 10 SOUTH CAROLINA Charleston 9/8-14 sLatal 44 31 200 91 34 766 9 Clemson 9/6-12 82 16 Si 6 37 yA 2 30 1 Florence 8/31-9/13 572 81 264 569 131 8 2197 20 TENNESSEE (Counties) Blount 9/2-8 40 80 50 4 58 6 Sree Cumberland 9/2-8 WY/ 12 5 iL 5 1} iL 23 Greene 9/2-8 62 20 76 14 18 23 14 74 Johnson 9/2-8 470 48 60 8 116 1 1 16 Madison 9/2-8 ils} 8 25 1 21 12 169 Maury 9/2-8 60 28 56 20 14 Bye ally} Robertson 9/2-8 60 44 56 12 8 16 460 TEXAS Waco 9/6-12 61 19 9 223 i *Four traps - Stoneville ; ie hy AY A eve mayen h poavo Ae Tigi wna a WOMEN HGRA! WEL ‘S) le Aan Denn Ie ua wh aay is LEH RE KUNA A (j M yi; Mi iy ‘ , } W TAAL : Ory ans " fin Ot gt Noa ieih ay Dat UA a AN in i wh uy Ni iit My nn ee TAR RO Pe pes vow RT i Hoa ist 1 he + Al nt Praia te ih Ae i nt HN ant hil POT ya Nah ean ry an ti Tae | viet feta rb pon 8) EVOL i i ome \ Hi y i i sith yi in athe can pea 1, ey Nit Ni WNW oe hes in 5s ma Hello iNtnd 7 Mae 4 X May inten RAWen ca I Pv Help Av Teoria ' phe De hut i ale ‘Nae ‘ es Ate Weert ath ke vi AK Ne ue etna I RNA Nh y t { be Ch Te Cay } aT iit Caen ite eeu SHS Rt Ta ec Ma Ness Mi fu ahi FN ation eo ae oh) Ket) A Vis {ee Bra ae a altel eet my anton fee ihe Mi Vidivntes He cL ne LAND Figo ccatl vfs We bi yh vane fi i rth Ionian UL a Det Ne edt Arar aa hehe Rey Tn y Any j NY Anes i myn RS eat AN) Het Na unt Hons VoRrer a RTA etme eset Gt ty ior i Ah AY HNN VANthhy i i STV kranh yy - Dan Di Hey ie i } Seon Em) ayia ty cai ayaneay, [Vianney Ana ot a fe aniena , Y Till sui ORM RAG) er vuaneee phen mi Ne if qi aH) We ii ARG a Mit ies Waa nite aren Lrntih, ALA y DUNO Sy RNa Te ie Wien i Cau in vie Ah iD onary uy att fate ahh { (ary Dt i poy Ou, ond Dyin thy, Baits AVE Ny ii 5) ia oe eae Ue wt ay ia ARCH SERVICE "PLANT PEST CONTROL DIVISION — PLANT PEST SURVEY SECTION The Cooperative Economic Insect Report is issued weekly as a service to American Agriculture. Its contents are compiled from information supplied by cooperating State, Federal, and industrial entomologists and other agricultural workers. In releasing this material the Division serves as a clearing house and does not assume responsibility for ac- curacy of the material. Reports and inquiries pertaining to this release should be mailed to: Plant Pest Survey Section Plant Pest Control Division Agricultural Research Service United States Department of Agriculture Washington 25, D. C. Volume 8 September 26, 1958 Number 39 COOPERATIVE ECONOMIC INSECT REPORT Highlights of Insect Conditions EUROPEAN CORN BORER found for first time in four Alabama counties and five Louisiana parishes. Percent infestation and larval numbers increased over 1957 in North Dakota. (p. 829). CORN EARWORM moth flights increased in Wisconsin and infestation in corn fields high in several New Mexico counties. (p. 829). FALL ARMYWORM damaging in several states. (p. 829). SOUTHWESTERN CORN BORER found for first time in three Louisiana parishes and damaging corn and sorghum in areas of New Mexico. (p. 830). MEADOW SPITTLEBUG fall population lower in Ohio than in 1957. (p. 832). WALNUT HUSK FLY found for first time in Mariposa County, California. (p. 832). TOMATO FRUITWORM egg counts highest in Colorado for past four years. (p. 834). A PINE TIP MOTH serious on pine in Texas. (p. 835). ELM LEAF BEETLE heavy and damaging in areas of California. (p. 836). INSECTS not known to occur in the United States. (p. 841). FHC I 2 Re ig IC 2 2c Ig 2k ke 2c ag 2 2 ke ag 2 2 2c kc 2 2c 2c fk 2g 2c 2 a 2k 2c 2c ac 2k 2k 2c Reports in this issue are for the week ending September 19, unless otherwise designated. - 828 - WEATHER OF THE WEEK ENDING SEPTEMBER 22 The week's weather, highlighted by torrential downpours and damaging floods in south central areas and continued abnormally high temperatures along the California coast, was about seasonal elsewhere and mostly favorable for agricultural operations. Temperatures for the week averaged below normal in the Pacific Northwest and the midcontinent area with extreme departures as much as -5° in the latterarea. Elsewhere weekly averages were slightly above normal, except much above along the California coast where departures ranged up to +6° or more. Fluctuations during the week were greatest in the far Southwest, particularly in Arizona where frost and freezing occurred above 7,000 feet in northern areas early in the week, and rising temperatures thereafter reached near record highs in the south on the 21st ‘when Gila Bend recorded 111° and Yuma 109°. Freezing occurred on several mornings in the higher valleys of the northern Rockies, but no serious crop damage was reported. Rains on most days in west and central Gulf coastal areas were extremely heavy during the weekend when 10 inches or more fell at points in southeastern Texas. Weekly totals ranged up to more than 14 inches in southern and eastern Texas and 10 inches locally in north and central Mississippi. The frequent rains and wet soil halted farm activities, and water covered a considerable acreage of crops but it is too early to assess the probable damage. At Beaumont, Texas, many persons were forced to evacuate their homes, and at Orange, Texas, flood waters rose into many homes and business establishments. In other areas east of lines joining Dodge City, Kansas, with Muskegon, Michigan and Del Rio, Texas, rainfall generally ranged from 1/2 to 2 inches and was mostly beneficial. More rain is still needed in many sections of the middle and lower Atlantic Coastal States. Rainfall was again light in the northern Great Plains and Far West, except in western Washington where 1 to 2 inches fell and some other widely scattered small areas. Some light snow was reported at higher elevations in Colorado and Wyoming on the 15th and 16th. (Summary supplied by U. S. Weather Bureau). = PR) CEREAL AND FORAGE INSECTS GRASSHOPPERS - WISCONSIN = Survey showed heaviest adult numbers in central part of State. In Shawano County, 15 percent of those adults examined contained parasitic nematodes. (Wis. Coop. Sur.). NORTH DAKOTA - Injured winter wheat in Bowman County. (N. D. Ins. Rpt.). SOUTH DAKOTA - Second-generation Melanoplus bilituratus hatched in southwest area where flights occurred in late June and early July. Hatch considered light, nymphs in first to fourth instars. Elsewhere M. differentialis and M. bivittatus caused considerable damage to winter wheat and corn, principally in central and southeast areas. (Klix, Hantsbarger). OKLAHOMA - Second-generation M. bilituratus heavy in Beaver County, mostly third instar to adult. Damage to sorghum heads and fall-seeded wheat light. (Robinson). Averaged 3-6 per square yard in roadsides in Logan and Kingfisher Counties and 2-3 in Sequoyah, Wagoner, Muskogee, Tulsa, Pawnee and Payne Counties. (Goin). UTAH - Moderately numerous in parts of Promontory area, Box Elder County. Some damage to recently emerged dry farm wheat. (Knowlton). NEW MEXICO - Caused minor damage to grain sorghum heads near Tucumcari, Quay County. Light and damaged alfalfa and small grains in Taos County. (N. M. Coop. Rpt.). CALIFORNIA - Adult survey Showed an estimated 4,523,000 acres infested by all economic species. (Cal. Coop. Rpt.). EUROPEAN CORN BORER (Pyrausta nubilalis) - DELAWARE - Egg laying ceased, few adults still present. GiacCreary, Conrad). ALABAMA - Found for first time in Pickens, Green, Perry and Hale Counties. (Grimes). LOUISIANA - New parish records for 1958 are Ouachita, Bossier, Caddo, Red River and Natchitoches Parishes. (Spink). WISCONSIN - Second-brood larvae chiefly in fourth instar, with third and fifth instars observed in about equal numbers in southern part of State. (Wis. Coop. Sur.). OHIO - Abundant in ears of late sweet corn at Toledo. Mostly fifth-instar larvae. Number Surprising in view of light first-brood population. (Triplehorn). NORTH DAKOTA - Survey in Cass County showed 76 percent infestation, with average of 258 larvae per 100 plants, which is an increase in percent of plants infested and number of larvae per plant over 1957. (N. D. Ins. Rpt.). SOUTH DAKOTA - Infestation averaged 61 percent with 115 first to fifth-instar larvae per 100 corn plants.in southeast district and 58 percent in east central district with 135 first to fifth-instar larvae per 100 plants. (Klix, Hantsbarger). CORN EARWORM (Heliothis zea) - MARYLAND - Caused light injury to soybean pods at Hurlock, Dorchester County. (U. Md., Ent. Dept.). DELAWARE - Averaged 1 per 10 sweeps on alfalfa and 1 per 20 sweeps in’ soybeans. Heavy flights noted September 16 in Kent County. (MacCreary, Conrad). VIRGINIA - Light to medium on peanuts and sorghums in Holland area of Nansemond and Southampton Counties. (Boush). ALABAMA - Heavy in late field corn in northern part of the State, and large numbers in grain sorghum in same area. (Grimes). WISCONSIN - Moth flights increased during week of September 12 as indicated by catches of some light traps. Damage to sweet corn ears in Columbia County by this pest exceeded that of European corn borer and fall armyworm combined. (Wis. Coop. Sur.). OHIO - Moderately heavy on late sweet corn at Toledo, with 47 percent infestation in untreated check plots. Mostly first and second-instar larvae. Little damage. (Triplehorn). OKLAHOMA - In sorghum, averaged 2-5 per head in Wagoner County and up to 10 per head in Pushmataha County. Averaged 1-3 per 10 sweeps in alfalfa in Sequoyah and Tulsa Counties. (Goin). TEXAS - Light in Brazos County grain sorghum. (Randolph). UTAH - Very numerous in field corn examined in northern and central areas of State. (Knowlton). NEW MEXICO - Almost 100 percent of ears infested in most corn fields in Quay, De Baca, Curry and Roosevelt Counties. (N. M. Coop. Rpt.). FALL ARMYWORM (Laphygma frugiperda) - DELAWARE - Few feeding on Kent County soybeans and prevalent in ears of late field corn in New Castle County. Some - 830 - larvae present in more succulent field corn ears throughout State. (MacCreary, Conrad). VIRGINIA - Caused heavy damage to sorghum in some fields in Eastern Shore counties. (Hofmaster). ALABAMA - Heavy in late field corn and large numbers in grain sorghum in northern areas of State. (Grimes). TEXAS - Damaged late grain sorghum in pre-boot stage in Brazos County. (Randolph). CALIFORNIA - Heavy on corn in Escondido, San Diego County. (Cal. Coop. Rpt.). SOUTHERN CORNSTALK BORER (Diatraea crambidoides) - ALABAMA - Limited numbers in corn in northern part of State. (Grimes). SOUTHWESTERN CORN BORER (Zeadiatraea grandiosella) - LOUISIANA - New parish records for 1958 are Union, Red River and Natchitoches Parishes. (Spink). NEW MEXICO - Infestation averaged 80-100 percent in most corn fields in Quay, Curry, Roosevelt and De Baca Counties, many with 2-3 larvae feeding within a silk. Damaged grain sorghum planted near corn. (N. M. Coop. Rpt.). SORGHUM WEBWORM (Celama sorghiella) - VIRGINIA - Heavy, 5-20 per head, on sorghum in Holland area of Nansemond and Southampton Counties, particularly on loose headed varieties. (Boush). ALABAMA - Increased in grain sorghum in central and northwest areas of State. (Grimes). OKLAHOMA - Ranged from 1-2 per head in Muskogee and Tulsa Counties to 10-50 per head in Wagoner County. (Goin). TEXAS - Ranged 5-50 per head in grain sorghum in Brazos County. (Randolph). FLEA BEETLES - OKLAHOMA - Chaetocnema spp. averaged 5-10 per foot in Payne County barley. (Wood). SOUTH DAKOTA - Phyllotreta striolata in alfalfa averaged 4 per 20 sweeps in southeast district and 3 in east central district. (Klix, Hantsbarger). TEXAS - Damaged young wheat as it "came up" in Floyd County. (Lewis). NORTHERN CORN ROOTWORM (Diabrotica longicornis) - SOUTH DAKOTA - Adults averaged 3-12 per 20 sweeps in southeast and east central district alfalfa fields. (Klix, Hantsbarger) . CORN LEAF APHID (Rhopalosiphum maidis) - WYOMING - Infested shucks and leaves of maturing corn in Platte County. Populations very high in some fields, low in others. Damage minor. (Davison). OKLAHOMA - Large numbers on grain sorghum in Pushmataha County. (Goin). TEXAS - Heavy in Brazos County grain sorghum. (Randolph). A GRASS MITE (Oligonychus stickne i) - CALIFORNIA - Heavy on corn in Escondido, San Diego County. (Cal. Coop. Rpt.). SORGHUM MIDGE (Contarinia sorghicola) - OKLAHOMA - Averaged from 20-50 percent of grain sorghum destroyed in some Payne, Tulsa and Wagoner County fields to nearly 100 percent damage in some Muskogee County fields. (Wood). CHINCH BUG (Blissus leucopterus) - OKLAHOMA - Averaged 100-200 per stalk on grain sorghum in central and east central areas. (Wood). FALSE CHINCH BUGS (Nysius spp.) - NEW MEXICO - Greatly reduced with ripening of grain sorghum in Quay, Curry, Roosevelt and Lea Counties. Occasional damage to late plantings. (N. M. Coop. Rpt.). LEAF-FOOTED BUG (Leptoglossus phyllopus) - ALABAMA - Damaged grain sorghum in northwest part of State. Infestations severe in several fields. (Grimes). BEET WEBWORM (Loxostege sticticalis) - NEW MEXICO - Damaged young wheat fields near Fort Sumner, De Baca County, and House, Quay County. Caused some damage to alfalfa fields surrounded by rangeland. (N. M. Coop. Rpt.). = 831 - HESSIAN FLY (Phytophaga destructor) - NEBRASKA - All stages in fields of older volunteer wheat in most parts of Lancaster County. Quite likely that a partial second fall brood will occur. (Roselle). ALFALFA CATERPILLAR (Colias philodice eurytheme) - CALIFORNIA - Heavy in Yolo County alfalfa fields. (Cal. Coop. Rpt.). OKLAHOMA - Averaged 1-6 per 10 Sweeps in alfalfa in Payne, Creek, Tulsa, Wagoner, Muskogee and Sequoyah Counties. (Wood). NEBRASKA - Larvae light to moderate in alfalfa fields in southeast portion of State, with 12-25 per 100 sweeps. Adults very abundant in most fields. (Andersen). NORTH DAKOTA - Larvae present in most alfalfa fields, but numbers low. (N. D. Ins. Rpt.). NEW MEXICO - Averaged 2-3 per 10 sweeps in alfalfa near Bethel and Portales, Roosevelt County, and near Lovington, Lea County. Light in Chaves, De Baca, Otero and Quay Counties. Recent rain appears to have reduced threat near Hagerman and Dexter, Chaves County. (N. M. Coop. Rpt.). BEET ARMYWORM (Laphygma exigua) - TEXAS - Averaged 5 per 5 sweeps on alfalfa in Brazos County. (Randolph). NEW MEXICO - Moved into young wheat fields in Weber City area, Curry County. (N. M. Coop. Rpt.). CELERY LEAF TIER (Udea rubigalis) - CALIFORNIA - Medium in alfalfa tieids and on lawns in College City area, Colusa County. (Cal. Coop. Rpt.). GREEN CLOVERWORM (Plathypena scabra) - OKLAHOMA - Averaged from 1-2 per 10 sweeps in alfalfa in Muskogee County to 10-15 in Tulsa County. (Wood). DELAWARE - Small larvae increased on soybeans and alfalfa throughout State. (MacCreary, Conrad). VIRGINIA - Very light on soybeans in Holland area, southeastern portion of State. (Boush). NORTH DAKOTA - Larvae present in most alfalfa fields, but numbers low. (N. D. Ins. Rpt.). Spotted Alfalfa Aphid Infestation in Nebraska as of September 20 S/0Ux SHERIDAN CHERRY Ce ee co ee an 80x eee res bes MAD/SON|S (ae GRANT HOOKER |THOMAS |@LAinE |LouP |6ARF/ELO| WHEELER SCorTs wear MORRILLe | ee Ms ered ie (0GA CUSTER a ig sevca ee CR NNE: / y / AY he fie DEVEL ae = IJ jj "an an 4 maeecee scree Be aeens aa So SPOTTED ALFALFA APHID (Therioaphis maculata) - OKLAHOMA - Averaged less than 25 per 10 sweeps in Muskogee, Wagoner and Creek Counties to 150-250 per 10 sweeps in Payne and Sequoyah Counties in alfalfa. (Wood). NEBRASKA - Averaged 0-10 per 100 sweeps in Keith and western Dawson Counties, in Platte Valley. Averaged 3-8 per 100 sweeps in Jefferson County. High, 200 per sweep, in Republican Valley counties. (Hill, Andersen). NEW MEXICO - Appeared to be building up in alfalfa in Roosevelt and Lea Counties. (N. M. Coop. Rpt.). YU. Infested Counties - 832 - PEA APHID (Macrosiphum pisi) - WYOMING - Averaged 125 per 10 sweeps in alfalfa. (Davison). NEBRASKA - Light in alfalfa in all southeastern counties, with 60-180 per 100 sweeps. (Andersen). DELAWARE - Heavy in most alfalfa fields. (MacCreary, Conrad). UTAH - Damaged alfalfa in parts of Iron, Millard and Uintah Counties. (Knowlton). BEAN LEAF BEETLE (Cerotoma trifurcata) - DELAWARE - Common on soybeans throughout State. (MacCreary, Conrad). SPOTTED CUCUMBER BEETLE (Diabrotica undecimpunctata howardi) - DELAWARE - Common on soybeans throughout State. (MacCreary, Conrad). LYGUS BUGS (Lygus spp.) - DELAWARE - L. lineolaris adults and nymphs fairly heavy in Sussex County alfalfa. (MacCreary, Conrad). NORTH DAKOTA - L. lineo- laris ranged from trace to 1.5 adults per sweep in eastern portion of State. (N. D. Ins. Rpt.). SOUTH DAKOTA - Nymphs and adults averaged 71 per 20 sweeps on alfalfa in southeast district and 67 in east central district. (Klix, Hantsbarger). NEBRASKA - L. lineolaris averaged 30-80 per 100 sweeps in southeastern alfalfa fields. (Andersen). IDAHO - Nymphs ranged up to 120 per sweep in third-cutting alfalfa hay in Canyon County. (Waters). MEADOW SPITTLEBUG (Philaenus leucophthalmus) - OHIO - Fall populations lower than in 1957. A survey Showed adults per sweep averaged 1.89 in Wayne, 1.37 in Mahoning, 1.75 in Lorain, 0.80 in Ottawa, 1.5 in Wood, 2.52 in Franklin, 2.96 in Ross and 2.82 in Greene Counties. (Treece). PLANT BUGS - DELAWARE - Adelphocoris rapidus adults and nymphs fairly heavy in Sussex County alfalfa. (MacCreary, Conrad). NORTH DAKOTA - A. lineolatus ranged from trace to .5 bug per sweep in eastern alfalfa. (N. D. Ins. Rpt.). GARDEN FLEAHOPPER (Halticus bracteatus) - DELAWARE - Prevalent in some Sussex County soybean fields. (MacCreary, Conrad). POTATO LEAFHOPPER (Empoasca fabae) - DELAWARE - Common on soybeans throughout State. No increase in alfalfa. (MacCreary, Conrad). VIRGINIA - Light or about disappeared from peanuts in Holland area in southeastern portion of State. (Boush). THREE-CORNERED ALFALFA HOPPER (Spissistilus festinus) - OKLAHOMA - Averaged 5-15 per 10 sweeps in central and east central alfalfa. (Wood). TEXAS - Averaged 20-25 per 5 sweeps in alfalfa in Brazos County. (Randolph). A CHAFER - (Cyclocephala pasadenae) - CALIFORNIA - Heavy in lawns in Lodi, San Joaquin County, and in Auburn, Placer County. (Cal. Coop. Rpt.). A SOD WEBWORM (Crambus sp.) - COLORADO - Adults and larvae caused severe damage to lawns in Grand Junction and Palisades, Mesa County. (State Dept. Agr., Exp. Sta.). A SPRINGTAIL (Achorutes armatus) - CALIFORNIA - Heavy on lawns and sidewalks at Napa, Napa County. (Cal. Coop. Rpt.) FRUIT INSECTS WALNUT HUSK FLY (Rhagoletis completa) - CALIFORNIA - Occurred in traps in Empire, Ripon and Escalon areas of San Joaquin County and as a first record for Mariposa County in the Cathay and Hornitos areas. (Cal. Coop. Rpt.). - 833 - POLYPHEMUS MOTH (Antheraea polyphemus) - IDAHO - Mature larvae defoliating filbert trees in Boise area. (Hilfiker). WALNUT CATERPILLAR (Datana integerrima) - OKLAHOMA - Damaging pecan trees in Payne County. (Howell) . FALL WEBWORM (Hyphantria cunea) - CALIFORNIA - Heavy infestations on walnuts in Clarksburg area of Yolo County. (Cal. Coop. Rpt.). CODLING MOTH (Carpocapsa pomonella) - CALIFORNIA - Light infestations in walnut husks in San Martin, Santa Clara County. (Cal. Coop. Rpt.). UTAH - Moth count high in Uintah County apples, quite generally. (Knowlton). ORIENTAL FRUIT MOTH (Grapholitha molesta) - MISSISSIPPI - Damaging untreated home orchards of apples throughout apple-growing areas of State. (Hutchins). A CATERPILLAR - IDAHO - A caterpillar (probably Schizura ipomoeae) feeding on prunes in Emmett area where many young trees show heavy defoliation. (Scott). BEET ARMYWORM (Laphygma exigua) - CALIFORNIA - Heavy populations attacking apricot trees in San Jose, Santa Clara County. (Cal. Coop. Rpt.). PLUM CURCULIO (Conotrachelus nenuphar) - MISSISSIPPI - Some damage to apples in Monroe County. (Hutchins) . RED-BANDED LEAF ROLLER (Argyrotaenia velutinana) - OHIO - Heavy infestations of second—brood larvae in Lima area. (Cutright). MITES - NEW MEXICO - Very few adults of Tetranychus sp. feeding on foliage in De Baca County. Most areas report they are in webbing at base of apple trees. Eggs of Bryobia praetiosa complex very numerous in orchards in 6 counties. (N. M. Coop. Rpt.). CALIFORNIA - Vasates fockeui damaging cherry trees in San Jose, Santa Clara County. (Cal. Coop. Rpt.). OREGON - Vasates cornutus abundant on peach foliage in Medford area and causing silvering of leaves. (Gentner). BOXELDER BUG (Leptocoris trivittatus) - UTAH - Damage to ripe fruits above normal in northern and central areas this fall. (Davis, Knowlton). TRUCK CROP INSECTS CABBAGE APHID (Brevicoryne brassicae) - OREGON - Building up slowly in Gresham area, Multnomah County, but is below normal for this time of year. (Every). UTAH - Caused moderate damage to cabbage in Uintah and Duchesne Counties. (Knowlton). CABBAGE LOOPER (Trichoplusia ni) - VIRGINIA - Light on broccoli in 4 fields surveyed in Northampton County. (Hofmaster, Morris). TEXAS - Caused some damage to tomato plants in Brazos County (Alex) and heavy damage to cabbage and cauliflower in Winter Garden area, Dimmit County, averaging 18 young larvae per plant (Plowman). Averaged 10 larvae per cabbage plant in Bexar County. (Hawkins). NEW MEXICO - Damaged lettuce in Dona Ana and Eddy Counties. (N. M. Coop. Rpt.). IMPORTED CABBAGEWORM (Pieris rapae) - OREGON - Large numbers of adults in Medford area, feeding on nectar of flowers of many kinds. Ovipositing on cruciferous crops, especially young mustard in fields and orchards. Foliage badly damaged, larvae nearly mature. (Gentner). COLORADO POTATO BEETLE (Leptinotarsa decemlineata) - FLORIDA - Averaged 1-30 per plant on 15 acres of eggplant inspected at Hague, Alachua County. (Fla. Coop. Sur.). - 834 - EGGPLANT LEAF MINER (Keiferia glochinella) - FLORIDA - Averaged 1-2 pupae per plant on 35 acres of eggplant inspected at Hague, Alachua County. (Fla. Coop. Sur.). TOMATO PINWORM (Keiferia lycopersicella) - TEXAS - Caused some damage to tomato plants in Brazos County. (Alex). TOMATO FRUITWORM (Heliothis zea) - OKLAHOMA - Damaged approximately 10 percent of pods in some Adair County fields of snap beans. (Frazier). DELAWARE - Adults common in fields of peppers and beans in Kent and Sussex Counties. Larvae common on lima and snap beans throughout State. (MacCreary, Conrad). NEW MEXICO - Generally light in lettuce fields in Chaves, Eddy and Dona Ana Counties. (N. M. Coop. Rpt.). COLORADO - Egg counts on tomatoes per 100 leaves increased to 1.5, September 13, in Bent, Crowley, Otero and Pueblo Counties. This is largest count average. for past 4 years for second week in September. (Exp. Sta.) BEAN LEAF BEETLE (Cerotoma trifurcata) - OKLAHOMA - Damaged 5-10 percent of crop in some snap bean fields, Adair County. (Frazier). DELAWARE - Common on snap beans in Sussex County. (MacCreary, Conrad). VIRGINIA - Light on snap beans in 3 fields surveyed in Northampton County. (Hofmaster, Morris). BEET ARMYWORM (Laphygma exigua) - NEW MEXICO - Heavy infestations damaged peas and beans near Weber City, Curry County. (N. M. Coop. Rpt.). OREGON - Caused considerable damage to young sugarbeet plantings for seed in Medford area. Large numbers of larvae feeding on various weeds, many completely defoliated. (Gentner). GREEN CLOVERWORM (Plathypena scabra) - DELAWARE - Small larvae common on beans throughout State. (MacCreary, Conrad). MEXICAN BEAN BEETLE (Epilachna varivestis) -*VIRGINIA - Adults and larvae light in 3 fields of snap beans surveyed, Northampton County. (Hofmaster, Morris). PLANT BUGS - DELAWARE - Adults and nymphs of Adelphocoris rapidus and Lygus lineolaris common on lima beans throughout State. (MacCreary, Conrad). CUCUMBER BEETLES (Diabrotica spp.) - DELAWARE - D. undecimpunctata howardi common on beans and aSparagus throughout State. (MacCreary, Conrad). VIRGINIA - D. undecimpunctata howardi light on snap beans in 3 fields surveyed in Northamp- ton County. (Hofmaster, Morris). CALIFORNIA - Diabrotica sp. medium and damaged potato tubers in Murriettadistrict of Riverside County. (Cal. Coop. Rpt.). ASPARAGUS BEETLE (Crioceris asparagi) - DELAWARE - Larvae heavy on most asparagus plantings throughout State, yellowing about 50 percent of ferns in one Sussex County planting. (MacCreary, Conrad). BEET LEAFHOPPER (Circulifer tenellus) - UTAH - Sugar beet tonnage outlook greatly reduced in Bothwell area, Box Elder County. (Knowlton). BEET WEBWORM (Loxostege sticticalis) - COLORADO - Third brood reported in Larimer and Weld County areas. Fields being treated. (Sugar Beet Industry). EUROPEAN CORN BORER (Pyrausta nubilalis) - MARYLAND - Generally light in pepper fruits in Worcester County. (U. Md., Ent. Dept.). DELAWARE - Larvae caused considerable damage to most pepper plantings in Kent and Sussex Counties. (MacCreary, Conrad). —NSJo) = GREEN PEACH APHID (Myzus persicae) - MARYLAND - Heavy on peppers at Waleysville, Worcester County. (U. Md., Ent. Dept.). CALIFORNIA - Heavy in pepper plantings in San Onofre Canyon area, San Diego County. (Cal. Coop. Rpt.). A CUTWORM (Diarsia rosaria) - CALIFORNIA - Heavy on strawberries in Watsonville area, Santa Cruz County. (Call "Coopz Rpte)). A PHYCITID MOTH (Ephestiodes gilvesentella) - CALIFORNIA - Originally reported as medium to heavy on Strawberry in Watsonville area of Santa Cruz County, week of May 23. In Salinas area of Monterey County, infested strawberry fruits were caged and moths reared, emerging in late August. This is the first record of larvae of this moth attacking strawberry. (Cal. Coop. Rpt.). STRAWBERRY APHID (Pentatrichopus fragaefolii) - OREGON - Populations unusually low for this time of year in Willamette Valley. (Every). COTTON INSECTS BOLL WEEVIL (Anthonomus grandis) - OKLAHOMA - Infestation of squares and young bolis 50-75 percent in some late cotton fields in Sequoyah and Wagoner Counties. (Frazier). PINK BOLLWORM (Pectinophora gossypiella) - OKLAHOMA - Gin trash and lint cleaner inspections indicate infestations are somewhat higher in southwestern counties than during same period in 1957. (Frazier). SALT-MARSH CATERPILLAR (Estigmene acrea) - CALIFORNIA - Built up rapidly, newly emerged moths noted in almost all fields examined. Egg laying heavy, hatching widespread, especially in northern end of Imperial Valley. Populations heaviest in fields which have had repeated controls. (Peterson). COTTON APHID (Aphis gossypii) - OKLAHOMA - Averaged 10 per leaf in some Sequoyah County cotton fields. (Frazier). FOREST, ORNAMENTAL AND SHADE TREE INSECTS ORANGE-STRIPED OAKWORM (Anisota senatoria) - MARYLAND - Defoliating small oaks at Fairland, Montgomery County. (TU. Md., Ent. Dept.). RHODE ISLAND - Pupation underway. Heavy local defoliation throughout State. (Hansen). A PINE TIP MOTH - TEXAS - Serious infestation of pine on western edge of pine belt in Wood, Gregg, Smith and Anderson Counties. Some pines 80 feet tall have heavy infestations. (Young). NANTUCKET PINE MOTH (Rhyacionia frustrana) - OKLAHOMA - Infestations vary from 0-99 percent depending on species of pine. (Bieberdorf). VIRGINIA - Damaged pines in Hampton. (Rowell, Adams). WHITE-MARKED TUSSOCK MOTH (Hemerocampa leucostigma) - DELAWARE - Larvae tairly common on a wide variety of forest and ornamental trees throughout State. (MacCreary, Conrad) IPS BEETLES (Ips spp.) - TEXAS - Mortality of some merchantable pines in Polk and Tyler Counties. (Young). = 1550) — SAWFLIES - DELAWARE - Nematus ventralis feeding heavily on willows in an area of Sussex County and Caliroa lineata feeding heavily on oaks in eastern New Castle County. (MacCreary, Conrad). &£LM LEAF BEETLE (Galerucella xanthomelaena) - CALIFORNIA - Heavy and damaging elms in Lemoore area of Kings County, and Alturas in Modoc County. Light in Castaic area of Los Angeles County. (Cal. Coop. Rpt.). MIMOSA WEBWORM (Homadaula albizziae) - MARYLAND - Heavy on mimosa in southern counties. (U. Md., Ent. Dept.). VIRGINIA - Damaging mimosa trees in Isle of Wight County. (Amos, Gill) and in Salem (Morris). POPLAR TENT MAKER (Ichthyura inclusa) - DELAWARE - Larvae fairly common on willows in an area of Sussex County. (MacCreary, Conrad). A TWIG BORER (Proteoteras aeSculana) - CALIFORNIA - Heavy and damaging silver maple in Redwood City, San Mateo County and in Oakland, Alameda County. (Cal. Coop. Rpt.). WEBWORMS - DELAWARE - Salebria afflictella and Tetralopha melanogrammos causing conspicuous damage to yellow gum trees in Sussex County. (MacCreary, Conrad). EUROPEAN EARWIG (Forficula auricularia) - MARYLAND - One adult taken from a lilac bush at Silver Spring, Montgomery County, September 10, new record for State. Apparently brought in by homeowner on plants or soil from infested area outside of State. Det. A. B. Gurney. (U. Md., Ent. Dept.). IDAHO - Adults beginning to congregate and hibernate in protected places in Moscow area. (Manis). MITES - CALIFORNIA - Oligonychus ununguis medium on spruce in Alturas, Modoc County. (Cal. Coop. Rpt.). OKLAHOMA - Heavy populations of Tetranychus sp. on privet, asters, zinnias and other plants in Payne County. (Howell). SCALE INSECTS - MARYLAND - Pseudaulacaspis pentagona heavy on privet at Silver Spring, Montgomery County. (U. Md., Ent. Dept.). CALIFORNIA - Orthezia insignis heavy on ice plants in Santa Barbara. (Cal. Coop. Rpt.). OKLAHOMA - Aspidiotus perniciosus severely damaging pyracantha in Frederick. (Hatfield). Kermes bougei heavy on some oaks in Oklahoma City. (Thomas). UTAH - Severely damaging ornamental junipers at Brigham. (Knowlton). AZALEA LACE BUG (Stephanitis pyrioides) - MARYLAND - Heavy on azalea at various localities in Montgomery and Anne Arundel Counties. (U. Md., Ent. Dept.). AZALEA CATERPILLAR (Datana major) - MISSISSIPPI - Damaging azaleas in noticeable numbers in Poplarville. (Hutchins). NORTH CAROLINA - Attacking azaleas in Wake County. (Jones, Farrier). VIRGINIA - Larvae, probably this species, feeding on azaleas in localities of Newport News and in Prince George County. (Amos, Stump, Harris). ASIATIC OAK WEEVIL (Cyrtepistomus castaneus) - MARYLAND - Damaging crapemyrtle at Leonardtown, St. Marys County. Coming to lights in most sections. (U. Md., Ent. Dept.). VIRGINIA - A nuisance in and around homes in Fauquier County (Amos, Sutphin) and Lancaster, Hanover, Campbell, Loudoun and Mecklenburg Counties and in Charlottesville (Rowell et al.). A COSMOPTERYGID MOTH (Stagmatophora ceanothiella) - CALIFORNIA - Heavy on ceanothus in San Jose, Santa Clara County. (Cal. Coop. Rpt.). = 837 - INSECTS AFFECTING MAN AND ANIMALS SCREW-WORM (Callitroga hominivorax) - LOUISIANA - One cow infested in a herd of 43 in Tensas Parish. First authenticated report of this species in the State this year. (Spink). ALABAMA - Several additional infestations found since previous week in Elmore County. One or two infested animals found in Montgomery County. Federal eradication measures underway. (Lauderdale) .** MOSQUITOES - CALIFORNIA - Light-trap records for week of September 7-13 indicated that in the Sacramento Valley Culex tarsalis was taken in larger numbers than any other species of mosquitoes except in Butte County where Anopheles freeborni was predominant. In the San Joaquin Valley Aedes nigromaculis was more numerous followed by C. tarsalis. C. tarsalis also found in central coastal area and Coachella Valley. (Peters). OREGON - Breeding in log ponds and creating quite a problem in Curry County. (Capizzi). HORN FLY (Siphona irritans) - OKLAHOMA - Populations down in Payne County, averaged 75-100 per dairy animal. (Howell). Averaged 50-100 per dairy animal in Tulsa and Pawnee Counties, and 300-600 per mature range cow in Noble County. (Coppock). ALABAMA - Heavy on cattle in Elmore County. (Grimes). UTAH - Still troublesome throughout the Uintah Basin. (Knowlton). STABLE FLY (Stomoxys calcitrans) - OKLAHOMA - Averaged 50-70 per untreated dairy animal in Payne County. (Howell). HOUSE FLY (Musca domestica) - IDAHO - Adults have been more abundant in homes in Moscow area during late summer than at any time during past 12 years. (Barr, Manis). BLACK FLIES - UTAH - Annoying in Weber Canyon and to horses near Ogden. (Fronk, Knowlton). EAR TICK (Otobius megnini) - OKLAHOMA - Exceeding 50 per head in Caddo County. (Walton). LESSER MEALWORM (Alpnitobius diaperinus) - PENNSYLVANIA - Adults very abundant in chicken manure in Franklin County, week ending September 13. (Pepper). CAT FLEA (Ctenocephalides felis) - CALIFORNIA - Flea inquiries rather numerous this season compared with previous years. Investigations made in number of instances on September 17 and 18, showed fleas to be of this species. (Peters). STORED-PRODUCT INSECTS MEAL MOTH (Pyralis farinalis) - IDAHO - Adults quite common in a number of homes in Moscow area. A heavy infestation in farm stored feed grain reported from Donnelly area. (Barr, Manis). A FOREIGN GRAIN BEETLE (Ahasverus advena) - COLORADO - Extremely numerous in farm stored corn, Harmony, Larimer County. (CCC, Exp. Sta.). eo RED FLOUR BEETLE (Tribolium castaneum) - OREGON - This species in combination with Stegobium paniceum apparently more abundant than usual in western area judging from inquiries received. (Every). **SCREW-WORM (Callitroga hominivorax) - MISSISSIPPI - An infestation found in Amite County, September 17. (Hutchins). = 838 - BENEFICIAL INSECTS PREDATORS - OKLAHOMA - In alfalfa, Hippodamia convergens averaged 5-10 per 10 sweeps in Payne, Tulsa, Muskogee and Sequoyah Counties, Nabis sp. 2-8 in Payne, Creek, Muskogee and Sequoyah Counties and lacewings 2-6 in Payne, Muskogee and Sequoyah Counties. (Coppock). A PRAYING MANTID - CALIFORNIA - Large numbers in shrubbery Surrounding local motels in Bakersfield, Kern County. (Cal. Coop. Rpt.). A KLAMATHWEED BEETLE (Chrysolina gemellata) - IDAHO - Adults emerged from summer aestivation in Rathdrum Prairie area. (Barr). MISCELLANEOUS INSECTS VINEGAR FLIES - VIRGINIA - Serious around canneries and homes on Eastern Shore and are a general public nuisance. (Hofmaster). COCKROACHES - NORTH CAROLINA - Heavy and difficult to control in a prison camp in Hertford County. (Scott). ELM LEAF BEETLE (Galerucella xanthomelaena) - OKLAHOMA - Invading homes in eastern and central areas. (Howell). A TERMITE (Zootermopsis angusticollis) - NEW YORK - On August 7, a carload of Douglas fir two by fours, shipped from the Pacific Coast to a lumber yard in the central Hudson Valley, was found to be infested. The infested lot, consisting of 350 pieces, was burned and the ground of the storage area treated. In addition, 5700 pieces, were traced to their destinations and with the exception of a few already in use, all were inspected with negative results. Det. H. Miller and confirmed T. E. Snyder. (Collins). LIGHT TRAP COLLECTIONS Pseud. Agrot. Prod. Perid. Laphyg. Protoparce Helio. unip. yps. ornith. marg. frug. sexta quing. zea ALABAMA Auburn 9/10-11 72 36 26 ital 65 Crossville 9/9,12 40 6 10 29 38 ARKANSAS Fayetteville 9/4-17 52 29 2 73 523 Kelso 9/4-17 17 19 54 491 FLORIDA Homestead 9/12 iL Quincy 9/9 31 56 IDAHO Parma 9/14 1 ILLINOIS Urbana 9/12-18 PH 4 10 23 142 = 8 = LIGHT TRAP COLLECTIONS - Continued Pseud. Agrot. Prod. UniipLeeeyi0Se ornith. INDIANA (Counties) Orange 9/8-14 15 4 6 Tippecanoe 9/11-18 47 3 33 LOUISIANA Baton Rouge 9/12-18 113 68 27 Franklin 9/18 3 i, 10 Shreveport 9/15 3 8 3 MARYLAND Fairland 9/11-18 4 MISSISSIPPI Grenada 9/1-5,8-13 alr 4 17 2 Senatobia 8/28-9/11 2 *State College 9/6-19 134 87 115 *Stoneville 9/12-18 114 32 78 NEBRASKA Alliance 9/4-9 45 Concord 9/5-12 31 6 2 Kearney 9/4-10 4 13 North Platte 9/5-11 95 19 8 Scotts Bluff 9/2-8 87 6 NORTH CAROLINA Clayton 9/12-17 51 20 53 Faison 9/12-17 64 PX} 55 SOUTH CAROLINA Clemson 9/13-19 52 8 59 Florence 9/14-20 282 16 128 TENNESSEE (Counties) Blount 9/9-15 80 84 124 Cumberland 9/9-15 62 36 36 Johnson 9/9-15 330 159 174 Madison 9/9-15 aLal 2 13 Maury 9/9-15 40 12 64 Robertson 9/9-15 44 8 8 TEXAS Waco 9/13-19 208 80 *Two traps - State College; 52 Perid. Laphyg. Protoparce Heliothis marg. frug. sexta quingq. zea vires 3 11 7 23 29 10 aL 93 417 3 73 22 3 2 HS 4 5 7 Ita al ital 147 9 936 2 1S 33 4 429 ah 973) 16 2 1 457 7 5 aL 16 25 5 2 256 38 30 8 3 103 4 59 2 40 8 34 192 26 17 1004 4 8 20 148 8 44 116 15 48 3 81 al 18 202 16 8 56 160 32 32 140 34 473 4 traps - Stoneville SEG Pea thst) & \ a, Halas st, Nae ee ee ee ccs: 841 INSECTS NOT KNOWN TO OCCUR IN THE UNITED STATES PUMPKIN CATERPILLAR (Diaphania indica (Saunders) ) Economic Importance: Generally this pyraustid is a pest of cucurbitaceous plants wherever it occurs. The pumpkin caterpillar is considered one of the more important pests of cucurbits in the Indian Region and has been reported as destroying cucumber fields in New South Wales, Australia. Damage to fruits of host plants is most prominent during August and September in India, though larvae may cause considerable leaf damage to hosts earlier in the season. Leaf injury was prevalent on watermelons in Queensland, Australia, in 1946. Leaf feeding on cotton is sometimes a problem in Japan and Africa. Distribution: Widespread through Central and Southern Africa, Southern and Eastern Asia, Australia and many of the Indian and Pacific Ocean islands. including Mauritius, Seychelles, Carolines, Christmas, Fiji, Maldives, Marianas, Marquesas, Samoa, Tahiti, Tonga and Mindanao in the Philippines. Hosts: Cultivated cucurbits are the most important hosts. Also feeds on wild cucurbits, beets, cotton, soybeans, eggplant, hibiscus, hollyhock and Arabian jasmine. imariades Careline ’ Christmas General Distribution of Pumpkin Caterpillar (Pyraustidae, Lepidoptera) No. 59 of Series - 842 - Life History and Habits: The eggs are generally laid singly on the under- surface of the leaves, hatching in 3-6 days. Young larvae move about for some time, then fold the leaf or two adjacent leaves and begin feeding on the epidermis while in the fold. Damaged patches dry out and result in distortion. Larvae may also attack the young developing fruit or more advanced fruits except those that have a hard, resistant rind. The larvae pass through 4 or 5 instars in 9 to 14 days. Pupation takes place in a cocoon within the leaf-fold and lasts from 5 to 13 days, depending on the temperature. The adult life ranges from 3 to 7 days at a mean temperature of 81°F., and the oviposition period is about two days, each female laying about 159 eggs. In tropical regions, D. indica will probably breed throughout the year, but in Japan only 3 broods are produced annually. The insect hibernates as a partially developed larva in Japan. Description: Wing expanse of the adult about 24 mm. length of body about 12 mn. Costal margin of the forewing banded dusky-drab; band continuous with the head and first two thoracic segments. Band also extends humeral margin of the forewing and the hindwing and is continuous on the Sth and 6th abdominal tergites. The rest of the wing is white with purple luster. A globular tuft of scales is present at the posterior end of the abdomen, in male the scales in the middle of the tuft are light colored and the entire appearance is orange. The eggs are oval, barium yellow in color, and average about 0.80 mm. Mature larva 18.5 mm., greenish with pair of longitudinal white stripes that are more or less parallel from the prothoracic region to the last abdominal segment. In some stages of larval development the white stripes may not be distinct. The head with 6 pair of ocelli, one pair posterior to the base of each respective antenna, remaining 5 pair still posterior in a semi-circle. Antennae 3-segmented. Segment 2 about 24 times longer than segment 1. Two small sensillae and 2 setae on tips of segment 2. Length of one seta about twice length of antenna. Segment 3 smallest antennal segment, with 3 apical sensillae. The mesothoracic and metathoracic tergites have a pair of black specks at the base of the subdorsal setae. Each body segment with 6 dorsal setae and 2 pairs of lateral setae, side by side. All setae arise from tubercles and form definite longitudinal rows. (Prepared in Plant Pest Survey Section in cooperation with other ARS agencies.). CEIR 8(39) 9-26-58 Adult Larva and Pupa Figures(except map): from Patel, R. C. and Kulkarny, H. L. 1956. Bombay Nat. Hist. Soc. Jour. 54(1) :118-127. PLANT PEST CONTROL DIVISION PLANT PEST SURVEY SECTION The Cooperative Economic Insect Report is issued weekly as a service to American Agriculture. Its contents are compiled from information supplied by cooperating State, Federal, and industrial entomologists and other agricultural _workers. In releasing this material the Division serves as a clearing house and does not assume responsibility for ac- curacy of the material. Reports and inquiries pertaining to this release should be mailed to: Plant Pest Survey Section Plant Pest Control Division Agricultural Research Service United States Department of Agriculture Washington 25, D. C. Volume 8 October 3, 1958 Number 40 COOPERATIVE ECONOMIC INSECT REPORT Highlights of Insect Conditions GRASSHOPPERS damaged wheat in Texas, Oklahoma and North Dakota. (p. 845). EUROPEAN CORN BORER found for first time in three counties in Alabama. (p. 845). SPOTTED ALFALFA APHID found for first time in Oregon. (p. 847). CODLING MOTH activity unusually heavy in Moscow area of Idaho, third-brood larvae largest in several years in central Virginia and damage severe in areas of Utah. (p. 848). CABBAGE LOOPER heavy on beans in Delaware and damaging lettuce in areas of New Mexico and California. (p. 849). Leaf crumple disease transmitted by WHITEFLIES causing reduction of cotton yield in Bard Valley, California. (p. 851). BLACK TURPENTINE BEETLE most troublesome forest insect in Midsouth. (p. 851). Larvae of a SAWFLY infesting 100,000 acres of pine in Taylor County, Florida. (p. 852). CORRECTION (p. 855). ADDITIONAL NOTES (p. 855). INSECTS not known to occur in the United States. (p. 857). De he fe he 2 ae fe 2 2 fe 2 ae afc 2k fe of ak fe ae fe 2c ac afk 2c ac 2k 2c ac 2c fk ok ae ae 2c Reports in this issue are for the week ending September 26, unless otherwise designated. - 844 - WEATHER OF THE WEEK ENDING SEPTEMBER 29 Hurricane Helene, featuring last week's weather, brought heavy rains and damaging high tides as she roared past the Carolina coasts with wind gusts up more than 140 m p.h. First reported as a west-northwestward moving tropical storm 550 miles east-southeast of the Bahamas on the 23d, Helene had gained hurricane intensity by 5 p.m.,e.s.t.,on the 24th when located about 425 miles east of Fort Pierce, Florida. The eye of the storm came within 30 to 40 miles of the North Carolina coast on the 26th and 27th, as she swung northeastward out over the Atlantic. At 5 a.m., on Sunday, the 28th, Helene was 230 miles east of Elizabeth City, North Carolina, moving northeastward and no longer a threat to the mainland of the United States. At 1 p.m., on the 27th, Frying Pan Light Ship, off Cape Fear, North Carolina and 20 miles southeast of the center of the storm, reported winds of 120 m.p.h., a confused sea and waves 25 feet high. During the evening of the same day, several sections between Cape Lookout and Ft. Macon, North Carolina, reported wind gusts over 140 m.p.h. A report from Wilmington, North Carolina, gave the fastest mile of wind as 85 m.p.h., from the north with a peak gust of 135 m.p.h., from the north-northeast, total rainfall for the storm of 8.29 inches and highest tide 9 feet above normal. It is too early to fully assess the damage caused by Helene, but heaviest losses occurred in coastal North Carolina and the following is a preliminary report submitted by the State Climatologist of that State: "No known deaths and only a few minor injuries in North Carolina. Preliminary semi-official estimates of property damage range from $4 to $7 million. Greatest damage to Wilmington, Southport and beaches from Cape Fear to Wrightsville Beach, but damage considerable along coast northward to Cape Hatteras. No estimate yet as to crop damage, but mostly confined to coastal counties." Timely warnings undoubtedly saved many lives, and permitted safety measures which greatly reduced property losses. Temperatures for the week averaged above normal in coastal California, east of a line joining Denver, Colorado with Williston, North Dakota and Del Rio, Texas, and below elsewhere. Weekly departures generally were small, although as much as +6° in California and the upper Great Lakes and -6° at a few stations in the lower Rocky Mountain States. Hidden in these averages was the change to much cooler weather, with a touch of winter in most northern areas as successive surges of cold air from the northwest, in the course of the week, swept across virtuafly the entire country. Freezing was rather general in middle and northern interior sections of the Far West early in the week. On the 24th, minima ranged from 22° to 30° over nearly all of eastern Washington and from 10° to 20° at several stations in northern Nevada, with frost above 5,500 feet as far south as northern Arizona. The Salt Lake City, Utah, Airport recorded 31° on the 25th, an early season record. Snow fell in the middle and northern Rockies. Freezing extended into the northern Great Plains on the 25th, and frost and freezing were reported in central and western Nebraska and a few stations in northwestern Kansas on the 27th. The cooler weather reached the East over the weekend, when frost occurred in northern Indiana and freezing in the northern mountains of Pennsylvania and the cranberry bogs of New Jersey. Precipitation, occurring along the rapidly moving cold fronts, fell on 1 or 2 days in most areas. Falls were light to occasionally moderate or heavy with few exceptions. Thus, much fair weather favored fall harvesting operations. Heavy rains, perhaps even heavier than the hurricane rains, fell in eastern New Mexico and the trans-Pecos region of western Texas, causing disastrous flooding at Presidio, Texas, and less serious flooding downstream from there in the Rio Grande. (Summary supplied by U. S. Weather Bureau). - 845 - CEREAL AND FORAGE INSECTS GRASSHOPPERS - DELAWARE - Conocephalus brevipennis adults and nymphs prevalent in alfalfa and red clover throughout State. Melanoplus femur-rubrum common on young soybeans and alfalfa in Kent County. (MacCreary, Conrad). MONTANA - Adult survey indicated heaviest infestations occurred in southern, southwestern, northern and northeastern parts of State. Extremely spotted elsewhere. Approximately 150,000 acres of cropland were sprayed in northeastern area of State. Infestations not as severe or extensive in Madison, Broadwater and Meagher Counties as in 1957, although no control was practiced. Heavy rains in June and July affected development of Cammula pellucida. (PPC, West. Reg., Aug. Rpt.). TEXAS - Flight observed in Wheeler County September 16, moving southwest. (Preston, Russell). Damaged fall-sown wheat, especailly around field margins in Ochiltree, Wheeler, Armstrong, Sherman, Moore and Deaf Smith Counties. (Garner, Thomas). Several species infesting soil bank land in Armstrong County, 15-25 per square yard. (Garner). OKLAHOMA - Averaged 4-6 to 10-12 per square yard in panhandle area road sides and field margins and up to 30-35 per square yard in one area of Cimarron County. Controls being applied. M. bilituratus, M. differentialis and M. bivittatus dominant species. Damage to grain sorghum heads light. Extensive damage to first 8-10 feet of margins of some fields of fall-seeded wheat necessitating reseeding. Lighter than during same period in 1957. No migratory flights observed. Sarcophaga kellyi affecting approximately 20 percent of population. (Frazier, Burke, Vanclcaveyy NORTH DAKOTA - Continued to damage winter wheat in Bowman area, in southwestern part of State. (N. D. Ins. Rpt.). UTAH - Extremely numerous east of Spanish Fork and numerous on Mapleton bench, Utah County. M. bilituratus dominant species. (Knowlton). Control by farmers covered some 320,240 acres in 1958, with another 110,000 acres protected by Federal-State-County control program. (Thornley, Knowlton). MORMON CRICKET (Anabrus simplex) - IDAHO - Infestations covering approximately 7,000 acres were found in Washington County on Pine, Keithley and Sage Creeks. Scattered crickets were found in Adams County in Indian Valley and near cultivated crops, covering approximately 3,000 acres. (PPC, West. Reg., Aug. Rpt.). WYOMING - Survey showed crickets in heavy to moderate numbers in several areas of Lincoln County. (PPC, West. Reg., Aug. Rpt.). NEVADA - Survey in 9 counties revealed a total of 10,000 acres infested. Bands were of moderate proportions and in Some areas crickets were Scattered and not banded. (PPC, West. Reg., Aug. Rpt.). UTAH - Infestations anticipated in Daggett, San Juan, Kane, Tooele, Washington and Uintah Counties covering 11,150 acres. Control covered 26,358 acres this season and protected a much larger area. (Thornley. Knowlton). EUROPEAN CORN BORER (Pyrausta nubilalis) - WEST VIRGINIA - Fall survey completed. Larvae averaged 24.9 per 100 stalks in 109 fields surveyed in 14 counties. (W. Va. Ins. Sur.). ALABAMA - Found in grain sorghum in Tallapoosa, Elmore and Montgomery Counties. First records for these counties. (Grimes). KANSAS - Initial stops for fall survey in Wabaunsee County showed infestations as high as 60 percent. Counts averaged 1-3 per infested stalk. (Matthew). NORTH DAKOTA - Survey in Richland County showed 69 percent infestation and 138 borers per 100 plants. (N. D. Ins. Rpt.). CORN EARWORM (Heliothis zea) - DELAWARE - Common in most alfalfa fields through- out State. Present in most soybean fields, no noticeable damage. (MacCreary, Conrad). ALABAMA - Considerably reduced on grain sorghum in central area. (Grimes). OHIO - Natural infestation in check plots of late sweet corn were 96 percent at Marietta September 25, 81 percent at Wooster September 19 and 52 percent at Toledo September 15. (Neiswander). KANSAS - Extremely light in corn fields examined in Jewell and Republic Counties. Very few infested - 846 - ears found. (Gates). Light in fields examined in Wabaunsee County. (Matthew). OKLAHOMA - Averaged 0-3 per 10 heads in grain sorghum in panhandle area. (VanCleave). Larvae averaged 2 per head in late sorghum in Chickasha area, Grady County. Sorghum reaching hard dough stage, populations declining. (Henderson). TEXAS - Light in grain sorghum in Brazos and Burleson Counties. (Randolph). UTAH - Infestation high in late sweet and field corn in Utah County. (Knowlton). ARMYWORM (Pseudaletia unipuncta) - CALIFORNIA - Light on sorghum in Chino area, San Bernardino County. (Cal. Coop. Rpt.). FALL ARMYWORM (Laphygma frugiperda) - DELAWARE - Continued heavy feeding in late field corn in Kent County. (MacCreary, Conrad). VIRGINIA - Medium in winter pasture in King George County. (Hall). ALABAMA - Considerably reduced on grain sorghum in central areas. (Grimes). OKLAHOMA - Averaged O-2 per 10 heads in grain sorghum in panhandle area. (VanCleave). TEXAS - Medium in grain sorghum and corn in Brazos and Burleson Counties. (Randolph). Attacked fall-sown oats and pastures in Grimes and Washington Counties. (Hawkins). SORGHUM WEBWORM (Celama sorghiella) - TEXAS - Averaged 10-15 per head in late grain sorghum in Brazos and Burleson Counties. (Randolph). SOUTHWESTERN CORN BORER (Zeadiatraea grandiosella) - KANSAS - Heavy in some fields in Sedgwick County. One field examined had near 75 percent infestation with 1-2 larvae per infested stalk. Some larvae have moved into root area for overwintering. (Eshbaugh). CORN LEAF APHID (Rhopalosiphum maidis) - OKLAHOMA - Avaeraged 30-75 per stalk in some panhandle area grain sorghum fields. (Walton). MITES - UTAH - Caused severe damage to corn in many Utah County fields. (Knowlton). ALFALFA CATERPILLAR (Colias philodice eurytheme) - NEW MEXICO - Averaged 1-2 per 10 sweeps in alfalfa fields in Mesilla Valley. (N. M. Coop. Rpt.). ALFALFA LOOPER (Autographa californica) - WASHINGTON - Light damage at Othello. (Landis, September 5). ALFALFA WEBWORM (Loxostege commixtalis) - VIRGINIA - Feeding on seedling alfalfa in some fields in Rockingham and Rockbridge Counties. (Morris et al.). BEET ARMYWORM (Laphygma exigua) - TEXAS - Averaged 2-5 per sweep in alfalfa in Brazos County. (Randolph). CALIFORNIA - Light on alfalfa in Imperial Beach, San Diego County. (Cal. Coop. Rpt.). VELVETBEAN CATERPILLAR (Anticarsia gemmatalis) - ALABAMA - Few adults observed on soybeans in Elmore County. (Grimes). PEA APHID (Macrosiphum pisi) - DELAWARE - Decreased on alfalfa throughout State except in several fields along eastern seaboard where it remained quite heavy. (MacCreary, Conrad). VIRGINIA - Averaged 15-20 per sweep on old field of alfalfa and very light in 2 seedling fields in Rockingham County. Those on the seedling alfalfa fungus-infected. (Morris, Peterson). NEBRASKA - Building up in eastern third and southern regions of State, with 78-180 per sweep in east and 110-220 per sweep in Republican Valley. (Andersen). UTAH - Caused moderate damage in parts of Millard and Sanpete Counties. (Knowlton). NEW MEXICO - Generally light infestations in Dona Ana County appeared to be building up. Light in alfalfa in Taos County. (N. M. Coop. Rpt.). CALIFORNIA - Medium to heavy in alfalfa fields in Lassen County. (Cal. Coop. Rpt.). - 847 - SPOTTED ALFALFA APHID (Therioaphis maculata) - NEBRASKA - Remained static in Republican Valley area, with up to 250 per sweep. (Andersen). KANSAS - Non-economic to light in alfalfa fields surveyed in one north central and 4 east central counties with 14-60 per 25 sweeps in established stands and one per linear foot of row in seedling stands. (Matthew). OKLAHOMA - None found in 8 fields of alfalfa examined in northwestern and panhandle areas. (VanCleave). OREGON - Collected for first time in State in Umatilla County, September 13. Scattered throughout area, damaged susceptible varieties. Det. L. M. Russell. (Capizzi). CALIFORNIA - Light on alfalfa at Imperial Beach, San Diego County. (Cal. Coop. Rpt.). LYGUS BUGS (Lygus spp.) - DELAWARE - Nymphs and adults of L. lineolaris common to prevalent in alfalfa throughout State. (MacCreary, Conrad). NEBRASKA - L. lineolaris heavy, 5-7 per sweep, in Republican Valley area alfalfa. (Andersen). NORTH DAKOTA - Survey in western counties showed 0-0.5 L. lineolaris per sweep in alfalfa. (N. D. Ins. Rpt.). UTAH - Numbers decreased in many northern alfalfa fields. (Knowlton). MEADOW SPITTLEBUG (Philaenus leucophthalmus) - WEST VIRGINIA - Survey of 45 fields in 14 counties showed State average to be 8.88 per 10 sweeps in forage crops. (W. Va. Ins. Sur.). RAPID PLANT BUG (Adelphocoris rapidus) - DELAWARE - Nymphs and adults common to prevalent in alfalfa throughout State. (MacCreary, Conrad). NEBRASKA - Light, 4 per 10 sweeps, in Republican Valley area alfalfa fields. (Andersen). FLEA BEETLES - DELAWARE - Systena blanda present in scattered fields of soy- beans throughout the State. (MacCreary, Conrad). TEXAS - Attacked young wheat in Carson and Briscoe Counties. (Cowan, Ledbetter). OKLAHOMA - Chaetocnema sp. scarce, with little or no damage to fall plantings of rye in Payne County. (Henderson). SPOTTED CUCUMBER BEETLE (Diabrotica undecimpunctata howardi) - DELAWARE ‘- Prevalent on soybeans and alfalfa throughout State. (MacCreary, Conrad). OKLAHOMA - Averaged 4-8 per head in grain sorghum in panhandle area. (Henderson). THREE-CORNERED ALFALFA HOPPER (Spissistilus festinus) - TEXAS - Medium in alfalfa and severe girdling of stems in Brazos County. (Randolph). RED-NECKED PEANUT WORM (Stegasta basqueella) - OKLAHOMA - Infested 32 percent of shoots and damaged 95-100 percent of buds in 2 fields of peanuts in Payne County. (Walton). A SOD WEBWORM (Crambus mutabilis) - TEXAS - Caused considerable damage to St. Augustine grass lawns in Brazos County (Garner) and in Gonzales, Fayette, Washington and Milam Counties (Co. Agr. Agents). A CHINCH BUG (Blissus leucopterus insularis) - MISSISSIPPI - Carried as Blissus spp., CEIR 8(37):798, has now been identified as this species. (Hutchins) . EUROPEAN CHAFER (Amphimallon majalis) - NEW YORK - Seasonal scouting revealed one infested location outside the Syracuse regulated area, in addition to those reported in July. This report covered flight observed in village of Chittenango, Madison County, directly east of finds in Manlius, Onondago County. (PPC, East. Reg., Aug. Rpt.). - 848 - WHITE GRUBS (Phyllophaga spp.) - TEXAS - P. rugosa heavy in wheat land prepared for planting in Roberts County. (Joyner). UTAH - Caused unusual amount of damage in Delta area lawns (Ogden) and damaged some lawns at Meadow and Holden and in Uintah County cemeteries (Knowlton). Infested lawns in Utah County. (Barlow). WHITE-FRINGED BEETLES (Graphognathus spp.) - FLORIDA - A new infested area involving approximately 1,000 acres was found south of Marianna, Jackson County, and another new infestation of approximately 200 acres was found in Browndale area of Santa Rosa County. Survey showed an additional 2,942 infested acres in the State. (PPC, So. Reg., Aug. Rpt.). GEORGIA - A new infestation was found about 10 miles southeast of Vienna involving farmlands in Dooly and Crisp Counties and a new infestation was also found at Chamblee, De Kalb County. (PPC, So. Reg., Aug. Rpt.). LOUISIANA - Surveys in Acadia Parish revealed 3 additional infested properties involving 47 acres, bringing total infested acreage for parish to just under 200 acres. (PPC, So. Reg., Aug. Rpt.). SOYBEAN CYST NEMATODE (Heterodera glycines) - NORTH CAROLINA - Two properties totaling 20 acres found infested in Pasquotank County, was first report in this county. An additional 100 infested acres were found in Camden County and 70 acres in Pender County. (PPC, So. Reg., Aug. Rpt.). TENNESSEE - Positive finds, involving 100 acres on one property in Haywood County and 60 acres on one property in Shelby County, were first reports for these counties. (PPC, So. Reg., Aug. Rpt.). ARKANSAS - Five additional infestations reported from Mississippi County. (PPC, So. Reg., Aug. Rpt.). MISSOURI - Five new infested fields involving 215 acres were found in Pemiscot County. (PPC, Cent. Reg., Aug. Rpt.). FRUIT INSECTS CODLING MOTH (Carpocapsa pomonella) - MICHIGAN - Increase in entries during first weeks of September. (Hutson). IDAHO - Activity unusually heavy in Moscow area this year. Normal control practices did not prevent infestation of fruit. (Barr, Manis). VIRGINIA - Third-brood larvae still entering apples in numbers. Largest third brood of this insect in Several years in central part of State. (Bobb). UTAH - Damage moderately severe to apples in Utah, Tooele, Millarc, Sanpete and Juab Counties. Severe in home orchards. (Knowlton). APPLE MAGGOT (Rhagoletis pomonella) - PENNSYLVANIA - Very heavy infestation in Beaver County. (Adams, Sept. 20). CALIFORNIA PRIONUS (Prionus californicus) - UTAH - Damaging roots of some fruit trees pulled in Salt Lake, Weber and Davis Counties this season. (Knowlton). PEACH TWIG BORER (Anarsia lineatella) - OREGON - Caused late summer fruit damage in Oregon City peach orchards. (Foster). WALNUT HUSK FLY (Rhagoletis completa) - CALIFORNIA - Adults taken in a trap in Sonora, Tuolumne County, in black walnut trees. (Cal. Coop. Rpt.). RED-BANDED LEAF ROLLER (Argyrotaenia velutinana) - MICHIGAN - Late infestations in Grand Rapids, Benton Harbor and Pontiac. (Hutson). SAN JOSE SCALE (Aspidiotus perniciosus) - PENNSYLVANIA - Heavy infestation of peach trees. Limbs killed in Beaver County. (Adams, Sept. 20). - 849 - ORCHARD MITES - CALIFORNIA - Brevipalpus lewisi and Tetranychus telarius heavy on pear trees in Hinkley, San Bernardino County. (Cal. Coop. Rpt.) UTAH - Damage severe in Utah, Weber and Tooele County apple orchards, moderate in peach orchards. (Knowlton). CITRUS BLACKFLY (Aleurocanthus woglumi) - MEXICO - Inspection of 128,954 citrus trees on 1,246 properties in the States of Tamaulipas, Nuevo Leon, Sonora and Baja California revealed 35 infested trees on 12 properties. No infestations were found near the International Border. (PPC, Mex. Reg., Aug. Rpt.). Citrus Insect Situation, Lake Alfred, Florida, Third Week of September - FLORIDA RED SCALE activity increased Sharply and level expected to reamin high at least into November, CITRUS RED MITE and CITRUS RUST MITE increased. (Pratt, Thompson, Johnson). TRUCK CROP INSECTS CABBAGE LOOPER (Trichoplusia ni) - DELAWARE - Continued light feeding on cole crops throughout State. Fed heavily on lima beans in Sussex County. (MacCreary, Conrad). NEW MEXICO - Problem in lettuce fields in Dona Ana and Eddy Counties where adequate control measures are not used. (N. M. Coop. Rpt.). CALIFORNIA - Heavy on tomatoes in Woodland area, Yolo County. This species and Autographa californica medium and damaging lettuce in Watsonville area, Santa Cruz County. (Cal. Coop. Rpt.). LOOPERS - VIRGINIA - Slight increase in populations in Northampton County. Adult emergence light, but hot, dry weather has been favorable to looper development. (Hofmaster) . DIAMONDBACK MOTH (Plutella maculipennis) - CALIFORNIA - Medium on broccoli in Santa Maria area, Santa Barbara County. (Cal. Coop. Rpt.). CELERY LEAF TIER (Udea rubigalis) - CALIFORNIA - Medium on celery in Arroyo Grande area, San Luis Obispo County. (Cal. Coop. Rpt.). A PYRAUSTID MOTH (Nomophila noctuella) - CALIFORNIA - Medium on celery in Arroyo Grande area, San Luis Obispo County, and lettuce in Salinas area and light on broccoli in Castroville area, Monterey County. (Cal. Coop. Rpt.). CARROT WEEVIL (Listronotus oregonensis) - PENNSYLVANIA - Adults and larvae severe on celery, parsley and parsnips during September in Bucks County. (Menusan, Sept. 20). BUCKTHORN APHID (Aphis abbreviata) - MICHIGAN - Troublesome in many potatoes during the past month. (Hutson). GREEN PEACH APHID (Myzus persicae) - PENNSYLVANIA - Difficult to control on potatoes in Butler (Sept. 20) and in Lehigh Counties. (Adams). IDAHO - Increased on potatoes in Ashton and Grace areas, decreased in Mackay area and remained static in Teton Basin. (Bishop). WATERLILY LEAF BEETLE (Galerucella nymphaeae) - OREGON - Probably this species, caused damage to potato, squash, rhubarb, bean, raspberry, strawberry, geranium and rose foliage in Clatsop County. (Every). LEAF-FOOTED BUG (Leptoglossus phyllopus) - FLORIDA - Adults on 30 acres of eggplant at Hague, Alachua County, common on persimmon fruit at MacClenny, Baker County, and on goldenrod blooms throughout the State. (Fla. Coop. Sur.). - 850 - POTATO PSYLLID (Paratrioza cockerelli) - UTAH - Caused moderate damage to potatoes in Kanosh area of Millard County. (Rickenback, Knowlton). MILLIPEDES - WASHINGTON - Severely damaged potato tubers at Medical Lake, Spokane County. (Telford, Sept. 19). POTATO ROT NEMATODE (Ditylenchus destructor) - WISCONSIN - Positive identification of 6 cases located in 5 new fields and one old test field . Five cases are located in Langlade County and one in Portage County. (Wis. Coop. Sur.). BEAN LEAF ROLLER (Urbanus proteus) - FLORIDA - Larvae averaged 1-2 per plant on 130 acres of snap beans at Hague, Alachua County. (Fla. Coop. Sur.). FALL ARMYWORM (Laphygma frugiperda) - OKLAHOMA - Caused moderate defoliation to field peas in Payne County. (Coppock). TOMATO FRUITWORM (Heliothis zea) - DELAWARE - Fed lightly on lima beans throughout State. (MacCreary, Conrad). NEW MEXICO - Generally light in Dona Ana County lettuce fields. (N. M. Coop. Rpt.). CALIFORNIA - This species and Pieris rapae medium on broccoli in Watsonville area, Santa Cruz County. (Cal. Coop. Rpt.). WASHINGTON - Cutworms reported as H. phloxiphaga in CEIR 8(35):764, have been determined as this species. (Kicetemmeverta MEXICAN BEAN BEETLE (Epilachna varivestis) - FLORIDA - Eggs, larvae and adults averaged one per plant on 35 acres of snap beans in Alachua County. (Fla. Coop. Sur.). DELAWARE - Remained common to prevalent on lima beans in Kent and Sussex Counties. (MacCreary, Conrad). EUROPEAN CORN BORER (Pyrausta nubilalis) - DELAWARE - Caused heavy damage to a Sussex County red pepper planting and light to moderate damage to same crop elsewhere in State. (MacCreary, Conrad). STRAWBERRY APHID (Pentatrichopus fragaefolii) - OREGON - Populations much lower than normal in Linn County. (Every). GRANULATE CUTWORM (Feltia subterranea) - CALIFORNIA - Heavy in soil in San Diego, San Diego County. (Cal. Coop. Rpt.). COTTON INSECTS PINK BOLLWORM (Pectinophora gossypiella) - LOUISIANA - First specimens of season were collected in gin trash from Vermilion Parish during week ending August 22. (PPC, So. Reg., Aug. Rpt.). ARKANSAS - At Homan station, 504 specimens were collected in 18 interceptions. Two interceptions were made at the Ogden station. (PPC, So. Reg., Aug. Rpt.). ARIZONA - Infested fields have been found adjacent to the known and original infestations reported in western Maricopa County in July. (PPC, West. Reg., Aug. Rpt.). MEXICO - In the States of Coahuila and Durango, inspection of 170,045 blooms in 51 locations in 5 municipios resulted in finding 4,959 larvae. Infestations were light to medium. Inspection of 16,200 green bolls in 198 locations in 20 municipios in the States of Coahuila, Durango and Chihuahua revealed total of 1,407 larvae in 14 of the municipios, infestations ranging from trace to medium. In the States of Nuevo Leon and Tamaulipas 158 lint cleaner inspections made at 30 locations in 5 municipios resulted in finding a total of 664 specimens. (PPC, Mex. Reg., Aug. Rpt.). OKLAHOMA - Gin trash and lint cleaner inspections resulted in positive finds in Caddo, Canadian, - 851 - Comanche, Grady, Jefferson, Logan, McClain and Stephens Counties. Like inspections showed positive finds in 18 south central and southwestern counties. Infestations varied from trace to moderate. Samples from Cotton, Comanche and Caddo Counties contained approximately 30 larvae per bushel of trash. (Pela). COTTON APHID (Aphis gossypii) - NEW MEXICO - Generally light throughout Mesilla Valley. Honeydew a problem in a few fields. (N. M. Coop. Rpt.). CABBAGE LOOPER (Trichoplusia ni) - CALIFORNIA - Large numbers killed by virus disease is Shafter area, Kern County, preventing buildup. (Leigh, Beards). COTTON LEAF PERFORATOR (Bucculatrix thurbericlla) - CALIFORNIA - Increased and treatment necessary in many Imperial County cotton fields. (Peterson). SPIDER MITES (Tetranychus spp.) - NEW MEXICO - Generally light with spotty heavy infestations mainly on lower leaves in several cotton fields in Dona Ana County. (N. M. Coop. Rpt.). WHITEFLIES - CALIFORNIA - Caused leaf crumple disease in Bard Valley. Many fields show serious reduction in yield. (Peterson). Buildup of parasites controlling these pests in cotton fields in Shafter area of Kern County. (Leigh, Beards). FOREST, ORNAMENTAL AND SHADE TREE INSECTS BLACK TURPENTINE BEETLE (Dendroctonus terebrans) - This species reamins a serious and perplexing problem in many cutting areas of LOUISIANA and MISSISSIPPI. It is undoubtedly the most troublesome forest insect in the Midsouth today. In Mississippi on the Homochitto, DeSoto and Kitsatchie National Forests, these insects have displayed an increasing tendency to attack standing trees rather than freshly cut stumps. On parts of the Homochitto and on several industrial lands, this species infesting trees in areas where cutting has not been done in recent years. (South. For. Pest Rptr.,Sept. 18). ARKANSAS - Activity apparently increased more than any of the major forest pests in the State. Control applied in Malvern, Rolla and Sheridan area. Infestations increased in Oden area on trees damaged by logging, and near Amity. (Ark. For. Pest Rpt., Sept.). IPS Situation in the Midsouth - Gradually increasing but at a normal rate for time of year. Comparatively high concentrations of scattered infested trees and spot attacks occur locally in areas of below-normal rainfall and in the vicinity of lightening strikes. If late summer is hot and dry, Ips populations may be expected to increase. (South. For. Pest. Rptr. Sept. 18). ARKANSAS - An upswing in activity during August in several localities. Some control applied. In the Hope, Camden, El Dorado area Ips spp. also increased with about 160 acres affected in one place. Slight increase in infestations in southwest Arkansas. (Ark. For. Pest Rpt., Sept.). SOUTHERN PINE BEETLE (Dendroctonus frontalis) - TEXAS - A beginning epidemic in the Big Thicket of east Texas has been brought under control. Occasional spot infestations continue to appear but are being quickly mopped up by cutting and spraying crews. ALABAMA - In central Alabama scattered small attacks currently exist but the situation is much improved over previous years at this season. MISSISSIPPI - Relatively scarce in southwest area. (South. For. Pest Rptr., Sept. 18). - 852 - PALES WEEVIL (Hylobius pales) - PENNSYLVANIA - This species, in combination with another beetle, again causing considerable injurv to pines used for Christmas trees. (Udine). PINE BARK WEEVILS - ARKANSAS - Adults attacking advanced pine reproduction in Clark County. Very light or not observed in most other areas. (Ark. For. Pest Rpt., Sept.). OAK TIMBERWORM (Arrhenodes minutus) - VIRGINIA - Damaged oak trees used for hardwood flooring by a firm in Virginia. Det. R. A. St. George. (Amos). ASIATIC OAK WEEVIL (Cyrtepistomus castaneus) - PENNSYLVANIA - Very abundant on coniferous trees and in houses in Schuylkill, Berks and Carbon Counties. (Menusan, Sept. 20). A SCALE INSECT (Nuculaspis californicus) - CALIFORNIA - Occurred on pines as a heavy infestation in Napa, Napa County. (Cal. Coop. Rpt.). A MOTH (Dioryctria sp.) - Larvae conspicuously injured twigs of long leaf pines of all sizes in parts of TEXAS, LOUISIANA and MISSISSIPPI. (South. For. Pest Rptr., Sept. 18). GYPSY MOTH (Porthetria dispar) - NEW YORK - Within entire suppressive area, male moths recovered only in Delaware and Putnam Counties. In Delaware County, not included in 1957 spray eradication program, 43 male moths recovered at 12 sites in 5 towns, all at or near locations where captures were made during 1957 survey. In Putnam County, sprayed in 1957, single specimens were captured in Patterson and Putnam Valley. In generally infested area poSitive catches occurred only in Unionvale and Dover, Dutchess County, all located outside or immediately inside irregular area sprayed in 1957. No specimens were recovered on Long Island or outside regulated area of State. NEW JERSEY - An adult moth trapped near Hibernia on August 18, determined positive September 12. No additional moths taken in 17 traps set within three-quarter mile radius of positive find. (PPC, East. Reg., Aug. Rpt.). MICHIGAN - Since the first catch of 2 moths on July 31, 11 additional moths were caught in the Bath-Victor Township area in Clinton County, one in Windsor PORES in Eaton County and onein Vevay Township in Ingham County, about 14 miles inside a previously sprayed area. The Eaton County infestation is 2 miles south of nearest sprayed area. Last moth caught was on August 25, (PPC, Cent. Reg., Aug. Rpt.). A PYRAUSTID MOTH (Nomophila noctuella) - WASHINGTON - Reared from Douglas fir near Nisqually. This is apparently the first record of this species attacking Douglas fir. Det. H. W. Capps. (Johnson, Sept. 19). FALL WEBWORM (Hyphantria cunea) - NEW MEXICO - Defoliating branches of eln, poplar, mulberry and pecan trees throughout Mesilla Valley. (N. M. Coop. Rpt.). NANTUCKET PINE MOTH (Rhyacionia frustrana) - Present in young loblolly and shortleaf pine plantations generally in the Midsouth. In some areas damaged foliage attracted considerable attention. In ARKANSAS, LOUISIANA and northern MISSISSIPPI, infestations reported on trees of all sizes. (South. For. Pest Rptr., Sept. 18). OKLAHOMA - Infestations averaging as high as 90 percent in some pines in Payne County. (Bieberdorf). TEXAS - Damage to young pines in Brazos County. (Davis). PINE SAWFLIES - LOUISIANA - Many trees in several hundred acres of longleaf pine were defoliated in August near Alexandria by Neodiprion lecontei. (South. For. Pest Rptr., Sept. 18). FLORIDA - A sawfly (Neodiprion prob. exitans) in larval stage reported to be infesting over 100,000 acres of loblolly pine in Taylor County. (Dekle). - 853 - WALKINGSTICKS - PENNSYLVANIA - Quite numerous in forest trees in Tioga County. (Gesell, Sept. 18). A GALL INSECT - TEXAS - Infesting leaves of oaks in Brazoria, Harris, Galveston and Navarro Counties. (Co. Agr. Agents). BAGWORMS - ARKANSAS - Activity heavy again this year on cedar and related trees. Defoliation was seen in some areas across the northern area. (Ark. For. Pest Rpt., Sept.). ALABAMA - Light infestations of Thyridopteryx ephemeraeformis on cedars in Colbert County. (Grimes, Sept. 20). ELM LEAF BEETLE (Galerucella xanthomelaena) - ARKANSAS - Increased activity in several areas of State. Larvae and adults were very numerous on most Chinese elms. (Ark. For. Pest Rpt., Sept.). POPLAR TENT MAKER (Ichthyura inclusa) - NORTH CAROLINA - Defoliating willow locally in Caldwell County. (Scott, Rabb) CATALPA SPHINX (Ceratomia catalpae) - DELAWARE - Feeding very heavily on catalpas in Sussex County. Many trees completely defoliated. (MacCreary, Conrad). MIMOSA WEBWORM (Homadaula albizziae) - DELAWARE - Very heavy damage to mimosa and honeylocust throughout the State. (MacCreary, Conrad). INSECTS AFFECTING MAN AND ANIMALS BLACK WIDOW SPIDER (Latrodectus mactans) - OREGON - More abundant than normal in southern area. (Every). EYE GNATS (Hippelates spp.) - CALIFORNIA - Heavy infestations of H. collusor and H. dorsalis on mammals in the Coachella Valley of Riverside County, Borrego Valley of San Diego County and El Toro area of Orange County. (Mulla). MOSQUITOES - UTAH - Troublesome in Utah, Tooele, Cache, Uintah and Duchesne Counties. Mosquitoes entering homes in Cache and Box Elder Counties largely Anopheles freeborni. (Knowlton). NORTH CAROLINA - Aedes sollicitans biting in high numbers during mid-September. As many as 200 alighting per minute. (Ashton). MARYLAND - A horse died of encephalitis at Cambridge, September 23. (U. Md., Ent. Dept.). HOUSE FLY (Musca domestica) - IDAHO - Very abundant and causing annoyance in Moscow area. (Homan, Chao, Blair). UTAH - Serious problem throughout Millard County. (Rickenbach). Generally troublesome throughout State, worse than in several years. (Knowlton). HORN FLY (Siphona irritans) - OKLAHOMA - Averaged 300-400 per untreated range animal in northwestern and panhandle areas as well as in Payne and Canadian Counties. (Howell). UTAH - Still troublesome generally, fairly serious in Utah County. (Knowlton). SHEEP KED (Melophagus ovinus) - UTAH - Numerous in Millard County farm herds. (Knowlton). SCREW-WORM (Callitroga hominivorax) - ALABAMA - A slight spread has been reported. Infested animals found in Autauga, Elmore and Montgomery Counties. Sterile flies are being dropped over the infested and surrounding areas. (Grimes) . - 854 - CATTLE LICE - UTAH - Troublesome in Millard and Uintah Counties. (Knowlton) SOUTHERN FIRE ANT (Solenopsis xyloni) - TEXAS - Causing concern around homes in Wharton County. (Hermansen) . FIRE ANT (Solenopsis geminata) - TEXAS - Causing concern around homes and annoying livestock in Karnes, Galveston and Val Verde Counties. (Co. Agr. Agents). STORED-PRODUCT INSECTS INDIAN-MEAL MOTH (Plodia interpunctella) - KANSAS - Much heavier infestations than usual reported from Grant County. (Gates). NORTH DAKOTA - A severe infestation in 11 bins of CCC shelled corn in Ransom County. The corn had been in storage 3 years. (N. D. Ins. Rpt.). YELLOW MEALWORM (Tenebrio molitor) - WYOMING - Infested several grain bins near Powell, Park County. (Davison). KHAPRA BEETLE (Trogoderma granarium) - ARIZONA - Three new infestations were reported. (PPC, West. Reg., Aug. Rpt.). BENEFICIAL INSECTS PARASITES AND PREDATORS - OKLAHOMA - Hippodamia convergens averaged 2-5 per 10 sweeps in alfalfa and 1-3 per head in grain sorghum in panhandle and north- western areas, Nabis sp. 3-5 per 10 sweeps and lacewings 1-3 in alfalfa in same areas. (VanCleave). NEW MEXICO - Lacewings very numerous in Mesilla Valley cotton fields. Aphidius testaceipes parasitizing Aphis gossypii in Mesilla Valley cotton fields, with as many as 150-200 parasitized aphids per leaf in heavily infested fields. (N. M. Coop. Rpt.). UTAH - Lady beetles and Nabis spp. generally decreased in alfalfa fields. (Knowlton). MISCELLANEOUS INSECTS JAPANESE BEETLE (Popillia japonica) - GEORGIA - One beetle trapped in Clayton, Rabun County. TENNESSEE - One beetle trapped at rear of post office in Johnson City, Washington County, in eastern portion of State. (PPC, So. Reg., Aug. Rpt.). ILLINOIS - A new location of. infestation was confirmed in a railroad yard at Bedford Park, south of Midway Airport. This was in addition to the 2 newly-infested areas reported in July, in which it is estimated 8 acres are infested in East Peoria and 5,000 to 8,000 acres infested in the Blue Island-Riverdale area. One beetle was trapped August 28 approximately 3 miles south of and outside of border band treated around the Sheldon area. INDIANA - Two new infested areas reported at Goshen and West Lafayette. IOWA - Total of 139 beetles captured at Fort Madison. Infestation outside treated area appears very light. MICHIGAN - To date 123 beetles have been found in Detroit area. One beetle was found in Benton Harbor and one was found in Delhi Township, south of Lansing, where subsequent beetles were found. Only one beetle was found in the Grand Rapids area this year. MISSOURI - Additional beetles have been trapped and hand-captured in Humboldt Street infestation in St. Louis. (PPC, Cent.Reg., Aug. Rpt.). - 855 - CRICKETS - TEXAS - Annoying merchants in Meridian, Bosque County. (Davis). A STRAWBERRY ROOT WEEVIL (Brachyrhinus rugosostriatus) - OHIO - Entering residences in Cleveland area for winter Shelter. (Rings). VINEGAR FLIES - VIRGINIA - Medium to heavy and a nuisance in homes in Albemarle County. (Bobb). MONARCH BUTTERFLY (Danaus plexippus) - WEST VIRGINIA - Migratory activities evident. One tagged specimen from Toronto, Canada, collected in Monongalia County-w GWa Via Ins). |S): PEA WEEVIL (Bruchus pisorum) - WASHINGTON - Adults moving to hibernation quarters during August and September became a minor household pest in Palouse region. (Johansen). PUSS CATERPILLAR (Megalopyge opercularis) - MISSISSIPPI - Causing considerable attention over northern portion of State. (Hutchins). CORRECTION CEIR 8(35):766 - PINK BOLLWORM - TEXAS - Last sentence should read: "The El Paso infestation appeared somewhat lighter than in 1957." ADDITIONAL NOTES MINNESOTA - Survey showed Melanoplus femur-rubrum dominant species in State, but M. bivitattus increased in all but north central and northeast districts, being predominant in one east central, 2 central and 3 northwest counties. M. differentialis built up in the southwest and to a lesser extent in the south central district. M. bilituratus found in several fields in 7 northwest counties, but populations were quite low. Populations of all species were greatly reduced in early instars due to cool wet weather and are very spotty and generally quite low, although a very few local areas showed heavy and severe populations with some damage to legumes and adjoining crops. With the exception of 4 relatively small scattered areas showing threatening populations, the State generally has a non-economic to light infestation and little crop damage was experienced. (Minn. Ins. Rpt.). MARYLAND - MEXICAN BEAN BEETLE light and CORN EARWORM rare on soybeans at Aquasco, Prince Georges County. YELLOW-NECKED CATERPILLAR stripping tops of apple trees at Rockville, Montgomery County. (U. Md., Ent. Dept.). =896) — LIGHT TRAP COLLECTIONS Pseud. Agrot. Prod. Perid. Laphyg. Protoparce Heliothis unip. yps. ormnith. margin true, sexta quing. zea vires. ALABAMA Crossville 9/22 14 2 4 29 FLORIDA Quincy 9/15 33 3 24 ILLINOIS Urbana 9/19-25 30 7 4 36 85 INDIANA (Counties) Orange 9/15-23 8 5 12 9 1 10 2 26 Tippecanoe 9/15-23 74 29 49 51 10 94 KANSAS Garden City 9/18-23 16 Ak?) il 98 Hays 9/17-20,22-24 38 28 541 LOUISIANA Baton Rouge 9/19-25 9 61 1 Franklin 9/22,24 13 3 Shreveport 9/24 13 al 7 1 9 MISSISSIPPI Grenada 9/15-20 8 ri @) Senatobia 9/12-18 4 2 9 *State College 9/20-26 177 33 106 2 133 2 480 22 *Stoneville 9/19-25 50 10 8 i: 51 25 1 NEBRASKA Alliance 9/10-12 94 3 21 2 245 Kearney 9/11-17 51 98 24 6 6 1204 North Platte 9/12-18 68 4 3 18 12 3 ak 652 Scotts Bluff 9/9-22 203 9 48 4 3 334 NORTH CAROLINA Clayton 9/19-25 1 1 3 3 Faison 9/19-25 6 3 aks} al 2 al SOUTH CAROLINA Charleston 9/15-26 91 36 ol 1 107 50 19 241 6 Clemson 9/20-26 PALE 11 49 3 27 3 al! 22 Florence 9/21-27 73 19 50 6 86 5 2 173 4 TENNESSEE (Counties) Blount 9/16-22 40 28 32 12 76 Cumberland 9/16-22 80 26 22 6 6 36 84 Greene 9/16-22 76 10 56 32 44 Johnson 9/16-22 458 70 162 16 32 2 86 Madison 9/16-22 29 ial 20 2 9 227 Maury 9/16-22 20: 3 6 U2 36 Robertson 9/16-22 32 16 124 8 12 312 TEXAS Waco 9/20-26 55 41 20 gyal * Two traps - State College and Stoneville —) {Shai INSECTS NOT KNOWN TO OCCUR IN THE UNITED STATES RICE HISPID (Dicladispa armigera (Olivier) ) Economic Importance: (la) Larval mines, in leaf tissue, (3) Pupa, feeding. Damage to Rice (1b) Egg inserted (2) Mature larva, (4) Adult, (5) Adult leaf This beetle is considered to be one of the most serious pests of rice in areas of India, Burma and East Pakistan. It sporadically causes serious losses to paddy rice, causing considerable damage to the leaves, particularly to rice that is standing in water. In southern Burma it is injurious practically every year from July to October and in East Pakistan from April to August. In July of 1925, 40 to 50 percent of the rice crop was lost in the Wenchow district of Chekiang, China. The pest is most injurious to rice when it is in the seedbed and just after trans- planting in India and Pakistan. Large yellow spots, caused by larval mining, become evident on the leaves. The field becomes yellow, the plants wither and the leaves dry. Adult feeding causes additional leaf damage. Adults may become very abundant, at times, during the early spring when heavy migrations come from the waste- lands and surrounding jungles. Distribution: Occurs throughout the southern and eastern part of India, Nepal, East Pakistan, Burma, Thailand, Indonesia, Indochina, Formosa and the coastal part of China. o oo ry ra TT General Distribution of Rice Hispid Chrysomelidae, Coleoptera No. 60 of Series Hers) Hosts: Rice is the most important cultivated host, but it has also been recorded on turnips, jute, sugarcane and wild rice. Wild grasses are alternate hosts. Life History and Habits: The eggs are laid singly on the upper surface of the leaf, each egg being inserted in the leaf tissue but almost exposed and easily visible. The egg hatches in 5-7 days and the larva mines between the upper and lower epidermis, forming a characteristic "blotch" appearance on the leaf. The larvae often emerge from the mines and crawl to other parts of the leaf or to fresh leaves. Pupation takes place in the leaf after 15 to 17 days. Generally speaking, the pest is dependent on moist conditions and attacks rice that is submerged in preference to rice on higher land from which the water has run-off. Soft-leaf varieties of rice are more susceptible to damage than the hard-leaf varieties. There are 3 or 4 generations annually in Formosa. The adult overwinters in wastelands or grasslands. Description: The adults are small, 5 mm. from occiput to apex of elytra, metallic blue to black. Antennae are set closely together in front of head, with a small spine at the lower edge of basal antennal joint; no spines on antennal joints above. Prothorax with a single four branched spine (almost four single spines from one base) at each side in front and a single spine at each side behind. Prothorax otherwise unspined. Sides of elytra parallel, ends not truncate, numerous spines present. Larva flattened, white or yellow with black markings, first three segments broader than abdomen. Eggs oval, about 2 mm. long. (Prepared in Plant Pest Survey Section in cooperation with other ARS agencies.) CEIR 8(40) 10-3-58 Adult of D. armigera Figures (except map): Adult from Kalshoven, L. G. E. 1951. De Plagen van de Cultuurgewassen in Indonesie. Vol. II, pp. 515-1065. Damage and immature stages from Narayanan, E. §S. 1953. Indian Farming 3(5) :8-13, 31. Sei it AGRICULTURAL RESEARCH SERVICE PLANT PEST CONTROL DIVISION PLANT PEST SURVEY SECTION The Cooperative Economic Insect Report is issued weékly as a service to American Agriculture. Its contents are compiled from information supplied by cooperating State, 3 Federal, and industrial entomologists and other agricultural a workers. In releasing this material the Division serves as a clearing house and doesnot assume responsibility for ac- curacy of the material. Reports and inquiries pertaining to this release should be mailed to: Plant Pest Survey Section Plant Pest Control Division Agricultural Research Service United States Department of Agriculture Washington 25, D. C. Volume 8 - October 10, 1958 Number 41 COOPERATIVE ECONOMIC INSECT REPORT Highlights of Insect Conditions EUROPEAN CORN BORER found for first time in several Arkansas counties. (p. 861). SPOTTED ALFALFA APHID found for first time in Washington. Causing some damage to alfalfa in several areas. (p. 862). Severe infestation of red clover in Oregon by CLOVER ROOT BORER. (p. 863). A MEALYBUG (Heterococcus graminicola) reported from California for the first time. (p. 863). CABBAGE LOOPER continues a problem in several areas. (p. 865). ELM SPANWORM a problem in several Southeastern States. One million acres of hardwood forest may be defoliated in 1959. CORRECTION (p. 868). SURVEY METHOD - White pine weevil appraisal survey. (p. 871). INSECTS not known to occur in the United States. (p. 873). FI I ICI IR II IK IG A RK I IK a OK aI aK aK 25 kek 2 aici kc 2 2k ak akc kc 2 akc ak Reports in this issue are for the week ending October 3, unless otherwise designated. - 860 - WEATHER BUREAU 30-DAY OUTLOOK OCTOBER 1958 The Weather Bureau's 30-day outlook for October calls for temperatures to average below seasonal normals over most of the nation east of the Continental Divide except for near to slightly above normal in New England and along the South Atlantic coast. Greatest departures are indicated over the Central Plains. Above normal temperatures are predicted for West Coast States, and near normal in the inter-mountain area. Precipitation is expected to exceed normal over the eastern third of the nation and also in the west Gulf States. Subnormal amounts are predicted west of the Continental Divide and in the Northern Plains. In unspecified areas near normal precipitation is in prospect. Weather forecast given here is based on the official 30-day "Resume and Outlook", published twice a month by the Weather Bureau. You can subscribe through Superintendent of Documents, Washington 25, D. C. Price $4.80 a year, $2.40 a half year. WEATHER OF THE WEEK ENDING OCTOBER 6 Last week's weather was unusually warm and dry in the Far West and cool and dry east of the Continental Divide, except in the Gulf and Atlantic Coastal States where 1 to 4 rainy days produced rainfall totals of an inch or more. Except for Arizona which reported up to an inch of rain at some southern and eastern points, the Far West received no rain at all. And temperatures for the week averaged from 3° to 10° above normal in the Pacific States. In California, abnormally warm weather has persisted for several months, and last week's anomalies which ranged up to 10° or more were the greatest this year to date The warm weather also ended one of the warmest Septembers along California's coast, where San Francisco had its warmest month in history, San Diego its second warmest September, and Los Angeles its third warmest. Extending northward along the coast of Oregon, the hot weather pushed the mercury up to 99° at Brookings on September 30 and temperatures for the week there averaged 18° above normal. The hot, dry weather produced an extreme fire hazard in many areas. Three major fires broke out in California and before being controlled, 1 firefighter was killed near Newhall, 8 homes and 20 cabins near Monrovia were burned, and 14,000 acres of watershed land were blackened. Cold air overspread all areas east of the Rockies except southern Florida early in the week, and low temperatures ranged from the teens in extreme north-central areas to freezing at points in Oklahoma, Arkansas, and Kentucky. This freeze was about 2 weeks early in many sections. Kansas reported its first snow of the season, a trace at Goodland on September 30, and flurries were general in the northern two-thirds of Minnesota on October 1. The lowest temperatures in the Northeast, however, occurred at the end of the week when another cold air mass moved across that section pushing the mercury down into the 20's at many inland stations. In the northern Great Plains, an almost rainless week prolonged the general need for rain there. Elsewhere in the Plains, the dry weather favored harvesting operations. Rains in the Gulf States interupted farm activities. Tropical storm Janice, moving in a northerly direction across Cuba and the Bahamas, had gained hurricane intensity at 11:00 p.m. on October 6 e.s.t. when about 250 miles east of Palm Beach, Florida. At 5:00 a.m., October 7, e.s.t. She was about 330 miles east of Melbourne, Florida, moving northeastward about 17 mph. (Summary supplied by U. S. Weather Bureau). — 86 — CEREAL AND FORAGE INSECTS GRASSHOPPERS - KANSAS - Populations practically non-existent in eight southeastern counties. (Matthew). TEXAS - Medium infestation of Melanoplus bilituratus on wheat in Hansford, Sherman, Moore, Dallam and Hartley Counties. (Russell). Medium infestation in Deaf Smith County. (Thomas). WISCONSIN - Well dispersed; extent of egg deposition unknown. (Wis. Coop. Sur.). NORTH CAROLINA - Melanoplus sp. abundant in Henderson County. (Thompson, Pake). EUROPEAN CORN BORER (Pyrausta nubilalis) - KANSAS - Percent stalk infestation averaged 16.6 percent and average number of borers per 100 stalks was 26.6 in Anderson, Linn, Bourbon, Crawford, Cherokee, Labette and Neosho Counties. (Matthew). OHIO - Fall population low in Van Wert County; 24 fields of field corn intensively surveyed, averaged 14 larvae per 100 plants. (Triplehorn). ARKANSAS - Found for first time in Sebastian, Scott, Polk, Montgomery, Miller, Nevada and Howard Counties. Also found in corn in Hempstead County. Larvae found in young corn; early planted corn not infested. (Ark. Coop. Rpt., Sept. 27). WISCONSIN - Populations appear low. (Wis. Coop. Sur.). CORN EARWORM (Heliothis zea) - DELAWARE - Common on corn and alfalfa in New Castle County. (Burbutis, Conrad). OHIO - Severe infestation on field corn at Lima. Otherwise, infrequently encountered in northwestern area. (Triplehorn). OKLAHOMA - Counts per head of grain sorghum averaged 0.1-0.3 in Hughes, Haskell and Pittsburg Counties and 1.6 in Tonkawa area. (VanCleave, Henderson). NEVADA - Heavy infestations present in field corn in Moapa Valley, Clark County. (Bechtel, Sept. 26). CALIFORNIA - Populations light to medium in corn in Upper Lake, Lake County. (Cal. Coop. Rpt.). Severe damage to corn in Chino area of San Bernardino County with heaviest populations in late corn. (Purnell). Heavy general populations in beans and light in grain sorghums in Robbins area of Sutter County. (Lindt). ARMYWORM (Pseudaletia unipuncta) - NEVADA - Heavy infestation on timothy in Smith Valley area, Lyon County. Some fields damage very severe and,larval migrations quite common. (Bechtel, Burge, Gallaway, Sept. 26). FALL ARMYWORM (Laphygma frugiperda) - KANSAS - Damage observed in few corn fields in southeastern area. Infestations ranged from 4 to 8 percent. No ear droppage. (Matthew). ARKANSAS - Infestations in corn observed in 13 counties. Pest rather general in late corn but much less severe than in 1957. (Ark. Coop. Rpt., Sept. 27). Scattered infestations on young small grain in State. (Dowell, Sept, 27). TEXAS - Light damage on early oats in Zavala County in September. (Adam). Infestation present most early and volunteer grain fields in north central area, counts light to heavy. Two treated fields with considerable damage showing. Counts were 30-40 per linear foot of row. Early planted fields not very numerous. Later plantings of small grains not expected to be damaged. (Chada). Medium to heavy infestations in Brazos County. (Sistrunk). DELAWARE - Common on ears of late field corn throughout State. (Burbutis, Conrad). SORGHUM WEBWORM (Celama sorghiella) - OKLAHOMA - Averaging from 3-10 per 10 heads some fields late grain sorghum in Hughes, Pittsburg and Haskell Counties to 30-50 per 10 heads some fields in Muskogee County. (VanCleave). SOUTHWESTERN CORN BORER (Zeadiatraea grandiosella) - KANSAS - Found in 4 southeastern counties. Infestations averaged 4 percent in Crawford County, 5.6 in Cherokee County, 4.8 in Labette County and 0.8 in Neosho County. About 60 percent of larvae moved below ground level and girdled stalks beginning to lodge. (Matthew). ARKANSAS - Larvae below ground level most corn fields; about 60 percent winter phase. All instars found in younger corn. Lodging of corn less than in past 2 or 3 years. Severest lodging ths) observed was 18 percent in field in Sebastian County. Few fields of late corn as high as 60 percent infestation; lodging may be severe in these fields later. (Ark. Coop. Rpt., Sept. 27). SOUTHERN CORNSTALK BORER (Diatraea crambidoides) - DELAWARE - Common in some fields of corn in Sussex County. (Burbutis, Conrad). SAP BEETLES - UTAH - Conspicuous on sweet corn at Minersville, Beaver County. Common on corn at Green River, Emery County, and throughout Grand, Kane and Washington Counties. Some infestations as far north as Box Elder and Cache Counties. (Knowlton). CHINCH BUG (Blissus leucopterus) - KANSAS - Adults active in several corn fields in southeastern area of State. Counts ranged from 40 to over 600 per stalk in infested fields. (Matthew). OKLAHOMA - Averaged 200-300 per stalk some fields of grain sorghum in Hughes County. (VanCleave). ARKANSAS - Observed on corn in southwest area. Numbers ranged from 0 to as high as 200-300 per plant in one field in Miller County. A few nymphs present. (Ark. Coop. Rpt., Sept. 27). TEXAS - Light infestations in small grain fields; numerous on volunteer sorghum plants in fields. (Chada). CORN LEAF APHID (Rhopalosiphum maidis) - WASHINGTON - Was abundant on water- grass, now prevalent on fall grains, especially barley. (Landis). OKLAHOMA - Averaging 200-300 per stalk of grain sorghum some fields in Hughes County. (VanCleave). DELAWARE - Common on late field corn throughout State. (Burbutis, Conrad). SORGHUM MIDGE (Contarinia sorghicola) - OKLAHOMA - Averaging 20-30 percent damage to heads of grain sorghum some fields in central and east central areas. (VanCleave). Many adults reared from heads of sorghum in laboratory in Payne County; none in fields. (Henderson). ALFALFA CATERPILLAR (Colias philodice eurytheme) - OKLAHOMA - Averaging 2-3 per 10 sweeps some alfalfa fields in Muskogee County. (VanCleave). CALIFORNIA - Light infestation on alfalfa in Standish area of Lassen County. (Cal. Coop. Rpt.). UTAH - Moderately common in alfalfa fields. (Knowlton). NEW MEXICO - Averaged 2-3 per 10 sweeps in alfalfa fields at Gila and Cliff, Grant County, and about 1 per 10 sweeps at Animas and Rodeo, Hidalgo County. (N. M. Coop. Rpt.). BEET ARMYWORM (Laphygma exigua) - CALIFORNIA - Light damage to alfalfa fields in Standish area of Lassen County. (Cal. Coop. Rpt.). SPOTTED ALFALFA APHID (Therioaphis maculata) - WASHINGTON - Recorded for first time in State. Infesting alfalfa 8 miles along Columbia River, Plymouth to Whitcomb; 8 miles north of Columbia River into Horseheaven Hills; and from Wallula to College Place. (Klostermeyer, Cook). OREGON - Present in Umatilla, Gilliam and Morrow Counties. Economic damage light in two fields in Butter Creek area of Umatilla County. (Larson, Foster). CALIFORNIA - Infestations increasing in Vidal area of San Bernardino County. (Cal. Coop. Rpt.). Light to heavy spot infestations in Byron area of Contra Costa County. Not showing all fields. (Bell). NEVADA - Infestations generally light in Clark County except in drier fields in Moapa Valley where counts averaged 20-40 per stem. Spotted, light infestatons present for first time this year in Douglas County. (Roberts, Betchel, Sept. 26). COLORADO - Counts per 100 sweeps in eastern area on September 24 were none at Greeley and Easton, 40 at Windsor, 20 at Platteville, 250 at Brighton and 10 at Loveland. (Exp. Sta.). UTAH - Light to moderate in Washington County. (Knowlton). OKLAHOMA - Averaging 0-25 per 10 sweeps some alfalfa fields in Garvin and Muskogee Counties. (VanCleave). - 863 - KANSAS - Found in nearly all alfalfa fields surveyed in southeastern area. Counts on established stands ranged to highs of 40 per sweep. Common in seedling fields; no feeding observed. Infested fields also found in Lyon and Wabaunsee Counties in east central area. (Matthew). PEA APHID (Macrosiphum pisi) - KANSAS - Populations quite low all alfalfa fields surveyed. Counts ranged from 1 to 15 per sweep. (Matthew). UTAH - Increasing damage to alfalfa in scattered localities of several northern and central counties. (Knowlton). IDAHO - Adundant in three alfalfa hay fields near Glenns Ferry and King Hill. (Edwards). NEW MEXICO - Generally light in most alfalfa fields in Luna, Hidalgo, Grant and Dona Ana Counties. Moderately heavy infestations at Rodeo, Hidalgo County. (N. M. Coop. Rpt.). THREE-CORNERED ALFALFA HOPPER (Spissistilus festinus) - OKLAHOMA - Averaged 8-15 per 10 sweeps some alfalfa fields in Garvin and Muskogee Counties. (VanCleave). NEVADA - Counts averaged from 15-60 per sweep in alfalfa in Moapa Valley, Clark County. (Bechtel, Sept. 26). NEW MEXICO - From 2-4 per sweep in alfalfa at Virden and about 10 to 12 per sweep at Rodeo and Animas, Hidalgo County. (N. M. Coop. Rpt.). CLOVER ROOT BORER (Hylastinus obscurus) - OREGON - Serious outbreak occurring in Marion County red clover seed fields. Fields planted in spring of 1958 being injured. (Ottaway). GREEN CLOVERWORM (Plathypena scabra) - OKLAHOMA - Averaging 3-8 per 10 sweeps some alfalfa fields in Garvin and Muskogee Counties. (VanCleave). SPOTTED CUCUMBER BEETLE (Diabrotica undecimpunctata howardi) - DELAWARE - Heavy flights on September 19 and common in soybeans and alfalfa in New Castle County. (Burbutis, Conrad). SOD WEBWORMS - TEXAS - Heavy infestation in Gonzales, Willacy, Cameron, Hidalgo and Brazos Counties. (Hawkins, Johnson, Jordan). OREGON - Low populations, 0-5 larvae per 6-inch square, in Merion bluegrass and to a lesser degree in Chewings fescue seed fields in Marion County. Little injury occurring to seed grasses. (Dickason, Lattin). RED-NECKED PEANUTWORM (Stegasta basqueellay - OKLAHOMA - Fifth-generation larvae infesting 20 percent of peanut terminals in Payne County. (Walton). A MEALYBUG (Heterococcus graminicola) - CALIFORNIA - Collected in State for first time. Medium infestation on lawn grass in Davis, Yolo County. (Cal. Coop. Rpt.). FALSE CHINCH BUG (Nysius ericae) - CALIFORNIA - Heavy infestation in pastures in Klamath area of Del Norte County. (Cal. Coop. Rpt.). WHEAT CURL MITE (Aceria tulipae) - IDAHO - Widespread and fairly abundant on orchardgrass and quackgrass southeast and north of Moscow. Also on volunteer wheat south of Moscow. No evidence of wheat streak mosaic virus found during survey. (Foote). BILLBUGS - OREGON - Damaging lawns in Benton County and Merion bluegrass fields in Marion County. Injury difficult to evaluate because of low populations most instances. (Dickason, Lattin). WHITE GRUBS - VIRGINIA - Severe some lawns and forested areas in Patrick County. (Olinger). TEXAS - Phyllophaga rugosa causing heavy damage in lawns in Hidalgo County. (Hawkins). - 864 - FRUIT INSECTS SHOT-HOLE BORER (Scolytus rugulosus) - NEVADA - Seriously damaging apple and peach trees in Sparks, Washoe County. (Hilbig, Sept. 26). UNSPOTTED TENTIFORM LEAF MINER (Callisto geminatella) - PENNSYLVANIA - Several quite severe infestations on apple in Bedford County. (Udine). Apple Insects Northern Virginia - Third brood of Argyrotaenia velutinana damaging apples in some northern orchards. About 5 percent of apples damaged on an area basis. All other apple insects were minor in northern orchards in 1958 except for Anuraphis roseus which, in the spring, accounted for one third of the crop in some orchards where controls were not applied or incorrectly applied. (Hough). CODLING MOTH (Carpocapsa pomonella) - UTAH - Higher than normal in some Orem and Payson commercial apple orchards. (Davis, Knowlton). MITES (Tetranychus sp.) - NEW MEXICO - Still active and feeding in several apple orchards near Albuquerque, Bernalillo County. (N. M. Coop. Rpt.). RED-HUMPED CATERPILLAR (Schizura concinna) - CALIFORNIA - Severely defoliating prune and walnut in Yuba City area, Sutter County. (Cal. Coop. Rpt.). Scattered, light infestations of walnut trees in central and eastern Contra Costa County. (Bell, Ext. Serv.). PEAR PSYLLA (Psylla pyricola) - CALIFORNIA - Local planting of pears in Orangevale, Sacramento County, severely damaged. (Moorehead, Ext. Serv.). DRIED-FRUIT BEETLE (Carpophilus hemipterus) - CALIFORNIA - Heavy adult populations occurring in grapes in Gilory, Santa Clara County. (Cal. Coop. Rpt.). SMALL CHESTNUT WEEVIL (Curculio auriger) - MARYLAND - Larval emergence at peak, oviposition continues in Queen Annes County. Ground treatments have given more than 95 percent control, but damage shows in sprayed orchards. (U. Md., Ent. Dept.). WALNUT CATERPILLAR (Datana integerrima) - TEXAS - Damaging pecan trees in Navarro County. (Burleson). TRUCK CROP INSECTS GARDEN SYMPHYLID~(Scutigerella immaculata) - CALIFORNIA - Medium infestations in roots of peas in Watsonville area of Santa Cruz County. (Cal. Coop. Rpt.). CORN EARWORM (Heliothis zea) - DELAWARE - Moderate to heavy feeding on late lima beans in New Castle County. (Burbutis, Conrad). \ SPOTTED CUCUMBER BEETLE (Diabrotica undecimpunctata howardi) - DELAWARE - Prevalent on late lima beans in New Castle County. (Burbutis, Conrad). A LEAFHOPPER (Empoasca abrupta) - CALIFORNIA - Light infestations damaging squash plantings in Anaheim area of Orange County. (Cal. Coop. Rpt.). MELON APHID (Aphis gossypii) - CALIFORNIA - Heavy populations damaging melons in La Jolla area of San Diego County. (Cal. Coop. Rpt.). - 865 - CABBAGE LOOPER (Trichoplusia ni) - CALIFORNIA - Causing medium damage to potato plantings in Stronghold area of Modoc County. (Cal. Coop. Rpt.). Severe in cabbage in Chino area of San Bernardino County. (Purnell). UTAH - Injury above normal this season. (Davis, Knowlton). NEW MEXICO - Extremely heavy infestation in cabbage field at Deming, Luna County. (N. M. Coop. Rpt.). VIRGINIA - Some fields of broccoli and greens quite heavily infested on Eastern Shore. Control not satisfactory. (Hofmaster). MARYLAND - Population decreasing sharply on cabbage at Fairland. (U. Md., Ent. Dept.). CABBAGE MAGGOT (Hylemya brassicae) - WASHINGTON - On fall turnips at Union Gap. (Landis). POTATO ROT NEMATODE (Ditylenchus destructor) - WISCONSIN - Eight infestations found in Langlade County and one in Portage County to date in 1958. (Wis. Coop. Sur., Oct. 3). PEPPER WEEVIL (Anthonomus eugenii) - CALIFORNIA - Medium infestations damaging bell peppers in the Oxnard area of Ventura County. (Cal. Coop. Rpt.). ONION MAGGOT (Hylemya antiqua) - IDAHO - Almost completely destroyed about 40 acres of first-year seed onions in Parma area. About 20 percent of stand remains, All stages of larvae present. (Scott). BEET ARMYWORM (Laphygma exigua) - CALIFORNIA - Medium populations damaging potato plantings in Stronghold area of Modoc County, on lettuce in Borrego Springs area and on bell peppers in Encanto area of San Diego County. Heavy infestations on peas in Watsonville area of Santa Cruz County. (Cal. Coop. Rpt.). A LEAF MINER - VIRGINIA - Heavy infestations reported in leaves of beets by a species of dipterous larvae, probably Pegomya hyoscyami, on August 18 in Bland County. (Morris). WHITE GRUBS - IDAHO - Infesting small planting of sweetpotatoes near Parma. Approximately 65 to 74 percent of roots attacked, some roots completely destroyed. Species possibly Ligyrus gibbosus. (Scott). COTTON INSECTS BOLL WEEVIL (Anthonomus grandis) - OKLAHOMA - Averaging 30-70 percent infestation of Squares and small bolls in late cotton fields in Sequoyah County. (VanCleave). COTTON APHID (Aphis gossypii) - OKLAHOMA - Generally light in Sequoyah County. Heavy in spots one field. (VanCleave). NEW MEXICO - Generally light infestations on cotton throughout Dona Ana, Luna and Hidalgo Counties. (N. M. Coop. Rpt.). CABBAGE LOOPER (Trichoplusia ni) - NEVADA - Spotted, medium infestation occurred in Pahrump Valley, Nye County. (Coop. Rpt., Sept. 26). PINK BOLLWORM (Pectinophora gossypiella) - NEVADA - Survey of 2,684 acres with inspection of 4,857 bolls in Pahrump Valley, Nye County, and Moapa Valley, Clark County, was negative. Light trap collections also negative. (Coop. Rpt., Sept. 26). - 866 - FOREST, ORNAMENTAL AND SHADE TREE INSECTS SOUTHERN PINE BEETLE (Dendroctonus frontalis) - The epidemic that began in 1952-53 in western NORTH CAROLINA, estern TENNESSEE, northeastern GEORGIA and northwestern SOUTH CAROLINA appears to have subsided. The epidemic in Tyrrell County,eastern NORTH CAROLINA, covered a 145-square mile area, involving 450 trees. Ground examinations of several of the infested areas revealed attacked trees contained very heavy broods and that at least 50 percent more trees with green needles had been injured. The epidemic is increasing and possibly 12,000 trees will be killed in 1958. (Southeast. For. Ins. and Dis. Newsl., Sept.). A PINE BARK BEETLE (Pityophthorus carmeli)- CALIFORNIA - Reported as damaging stands of Monterey pines in area below Point Lobos Park in Monterey County. Damaging smaller branches and twigs and causing yellow flagging in the trees. (Dowdakin). BLACK TURPENTINE BEETLE (Dendroctonus terebrans) - More reports received concerning activity in mountains in previous years in the Southeastern States. Control applied in two areas, the George Washington National Forest in VIRGINIA and the Chattahoochee National Forest in GEORGIA. Tree mortality almost negligible in both these locations. Infestations fairly heavy in western NORTH CAROLINA. (Southeast. For. Ins. and Dis. Newsl., Sept.). ADLER FLEA BEETLE (Altica ambiens) - IDAHO - Very widespread in northern area. Adults still active on October 1. (Clark). ORANGE-STRIPED OAKWORM (Anisota senatoria) - PENNSYLVANIA - Complete defoliation in a ten-square mile area of oak in Cumberland County, September 23. Pupae and larvae now present. (Drooz). A FIR CONE MOTH (Barbara colfaxiana) - CALIFORNIA - Considerable damage to Douglas fir cones in Siskiyou and Shasta Counties. Practically 100 percent of seeds in cones examined were destroyed. (USFS). NANTUCKET -PINE MOTH (Rhyacionia frustrana) - TEXAS - Damaging young pines in Madison County. (Garrett). ELM SPANWORM (Ennomos subsignarius) - Defoliation in GEORGIA, TENNESSEE and NORTH CAROLINA occurred on some 570,000 acres of hardwood forest during May and June, an increase of 270,000 acres over the affected area of 1957. Complete defoliation occurred in TENNESSEE near Sassafras Knob and west of Hiwassee Reservoir in NORTH CAROLINA. This year adult flights extremely heavy in Murphy, NORTH CAROLINA, and observed in Knoxville, TENNESSEE and Athens, GEORGIA. If the spread of the insect increases next year as in the past, it is quite possible that one million acres of hardwood forest will suffer measurable defoliation. (Southeast. For. Ins. and Dis. Newsl., Sept.). PINE NEEDLE SCALE (Phenacaspis pinifoliae) - PENNSYLVANIA - Limbs killed on 30-foot spruces in Elk County, September 26. (Adams). SARATOGA SPITTLEBUG (Aphrophora saratogensis) - PENNSYLVANIA - Severe injury to pines in Clarion County. (Drooz). GALL INSECTS - TEXAS - Infesting leaves of oaks in Harris, Dallas, Freestone, Brazoria and Brazos Counties. (Co. Agr. Agents). A BALSAM WOOLLY APHID (Chermes piceae) - NORTH CAROLINA - Severe mortality of Fraser fir on 1500 acres of Mt. Mitchell scenic and recreation area apparently due to this species. (Southeast. For. Ins. and Dis. Newsl., Sept.). - 867 - ELM LEAF BEETLE (Galerucella xanthomelaena) - ARKANSAS - Severe damage to Chinese elms in Arkadelphia. Lack of equipment resulted in poor control. (Ark. Coop. Rpt., Sept. 27). MIMOSA WEBWORM (Homadaula albizziae) - ARKANSAS - Defoliated majority of mimosas in Arkadelphia. (Ark. Coop. Rpt., Sept. 27). HAWTHORN LACE BUG (Corythucha cydoniae) - OKLAHOMA - Abnormally heavy, for this time of year, on pyracantha in Payne County. (Walton). SCALE INSECTS - MARYLAND - Aspidiotus perniciosus common on Japanese quince and many other ornamentals over State. (U. Md., Ent. Dept.). NORTH DAKOTA - A heavy infestation of Lecanium corni on green ash at Crosby in northwestern area. (N. D. Ins. Rpt.). EUROPEAN EARWIG (Forficula auricularia) - MARYLAND - Additional specimens brought to Wheaton on yard furniture from out-of-State, September 30. These specimens and previous one (CEIR 8(39):836) regarded as interceptions. As far as known, this insect is not established in Maryland. (Bissell). WYOMING - Recently a problem in Evanston. (Davison). INSECTS AFFECTING MAN AND ANIMALS SCREW-WORM (Callitroga hominivorax) - NEVADA - Larvae from cattle and swine at Fallon, Churchill County; Caliente and Elgin, Lincoln County; and Dayton, Lyon County identified as this species. (Bechtel, Sept. 26). HOUSE FLY (Musca domestica) - OKLAHOMA - Populations extremely high in sheltered areas in Payne and Sequoyah Counties. (Howell, VanCleave). IDAHO - Unusually abundant in Twin Falls. A nuisance in houses and office buildings within the city. (Gibson). YELLOW JACKETS - UTAH - Annoying elk hunters and campers in some northern areas. (Knowlton). FLEAS - OKLAHOMA - Numerous in some recently vacated homes in Payne County. (Howell). STORED-PRODUCT INSECTS CONFUSED FLOUR BEETLE (Tribolium confusum) - NORTH DAKOTA - A heavy infestation in newly stored oats at Williston. (N. D. Ins. Rpt.). BENEFICIAL INSECTS PREDATORS - OKLAHOMA - Hippodamia convergens averaging 4-8 per 10 sweeps in central and east central area. Nabis sp. averaging O-6 per 10 sweeps in alfalfa in same area. (VanCleave). NEW MEXICO - Syrphid larvae averaged 2 per sweep in alfalfa fields heavily infested with pea aphids at Rodeo, Hidalgo County. (N. M. Coop. Rpt.). - 868 - MISCELLANEOUS INSECTS GIANT HORNET (Vespa crabro germana) - TENNESSEE - Collected in light trap in Johnson County. (Bennett). GREATER WAX MOTH (Galleria mellonella) - NORTH CAROLINA - Local infestation in beeyard in Polk County. (Stephen, Farrier). CORRECTION CEIR 8(39):834 - Heliothis zea - Colorado - Last sentence should read "This is the lowest second week September count average for the past 4 years." = (Hoe) = LIGHT TRAP COLLECTIONS Pseud. Agrot. Prod. Perid. Laphyg. Anticarsia Heliothis unip. yps. ornith. marg. frug. gemmatalis zea ALABAMA Crossville 9/29 1 3 ARKANSAS Kelso 9/18-24 5 15 3 174 Fayetteville 9/18-24 12 12 28 69 FLORIDA Quincy 9/15,23,29 6 3 33 ILLINOIS Urbana 9/22-10/2 16 ak 2 22 1 35 INDIANA(Counties) Orange 9/24-28 4 3 2 12 Tippecanoe 9/25-10/1 19 17 12 25 9 8 KANSAS Hayes 9/26-29 2 46 Manhattan 9/27-30 9 LOUISIANA Shreveport 9/26-10/2 3 aL 1 ales} 2 26 Franklin 10/1 2 Baton Rouge 9/26-10/2 4 Cf 5 1 57 33 19 MISSISSIPPI *Stoneville 9/26-10/2 15 3 2 47 23 NORTH CAROLINA Faison 10/2 104 63 7 9 SOUTH CAROLINA Florence 9/28-10/4 20 10 8 aba 34 alts) 19 Clemson 9/27-10/3 14 6 8 4 15 14 Charleston 9/29-10/5 42 20 9 15 162 31 TENNESSEE (Counties) Madison 9/23-29 5 3 27 Maury 9/23-29 5 20 184 Robertson 9/23-29 10 8 12 4 38 Cumberland 9/23-29 20 10 22 2 82 Greene 9/23-29 66 12 40 4 2 32 Blount 9/23-29 6 14 28 10 24 Johnson 9/23-29 96 9 51 6 2 TEXAS _ Waco 9/27-10/3 13 16 30 60 ADDITIONAL COLLECTIONS: TEXAS - Waco (9/27-10/3) - Alabama argillacea - 335; Pectinophora gosspiella - 422. * Two traps - Stoneville. Tata hae Survev Methods - 871 - Uniform Survey Procedure Approved By The Lake States Forest Insect Survey Committee - 1958 WHITE-PINE WEEVIL APPRAISAL SURVEY PURPOSE: The white-pine weevil has been a serious pest of pines and spruces in the Lake States for many years. Infestations can be severe in white, jack, Scotch, and red pines and in Norway spruce. Other species sometimes seriously damaged are Austrian pine and white spruce. Direct control measures to prevent attack have met with some degree of success. An appraisal survey is required to enable the forester and the entomologist to determine the degree of infestation to be used as a guide in making control recommendations, INSTRUCTIONS : Time of Survey The time when weevil attack first becomes evident will depend on the locality, weather conditions, and tree species. For the Lake States in general this will be about mid-June. The effects of weeviling will be readily visible for the remainder of the season. Method of Survey This survey involves determination of the percentage of attack presently occurring in a plantation. Data obtained will be classified in categories representing light, medium, heavy, or no weeviling. The first sample is taken at least 1 chain from the edge of the planting. At this point the observer tallies 10 trees along the row. To establish the second sample 2 chains are paced from the last tree examined. Subsequent samples are taken in the same manner until the end of the row is reached. Additional sample lines are run through the planting at 5-chain intervals. When the plantation is not established in rows - some types of underplanting for example - and does not lend itself to line sampling, cluster samples of 10 trees should be taken along a compass line. The intervals should be the same as for regularly spaced rows. A minimum of one sample for each acre of plantation, having less than 1,000 trees per acre, is required for accurate results. Two samples are required for plantations having more than 1,000 trees per acre. The observer may obtain this average number of trees per acre by establishing, at random, three 1/50-acre circular plots (16.6 feet in radius) in each plantation. Tallying Data Sheet Each sample consists of 10 trees approximately 2 chains apart. Only the currently weeviled trees should be tallied. Column: 1. Weeviled trees - current year's weeviling. 2. Non-weeviled trees - can be previously weeviled but not in the current year. 3. Cumulative total of weeviled trees - this column represents the total for the previous plots. = Example: Plot Number Cumulative Non- number weeviled total weeviled weeviled 1 2 2 8 2 3 5 7 3 1 6 9 - 872 - Survey Methods SUMMARY OF DATA Categories for the seriousness of damage are based on percentage of weeviling arbitrarily established for this survey at the following levels. Heavy - 25 percent or more of the sampled trees weeviled. Medium - 10 to 25 percent of the sampled trees weeviled. Light - Less than 10 percent of the sampled trees weeviled. Determination of the needs for control will’ vary with values placed on individual plantations by the owner. (S. E. Banish, Wis. Conservation Dept.). WHITE-PINE WEEVIL APPRAISAL SURVEY Description: T. R. Ss. Forty: Date: Host: Acreage: Age: Spacing Average Height of Trees: Average Number of Trees Per Acre: Number of Trees Plot Cumulative eee eee (a ae a Le a | EE en a ae | 2 ee Eee Re Rene |r CT ieee eT | i ae ne aie an | Ameo | a Ee Re eee |e ee Re Rn | Ei ees eRe Genes | ee) En eee aes ae Gi ees Pon Re See Oe | a ee een ames |e PM | Ea Rees eee Re trenay |e een eC SC | i ae enn ene ohana ime Io 0. ee ee Mie |e eS | deo eae Sea oe | oe ed aD (GE | ls ee ae nnn |e ioe ma aT | eae a ee Me | ee LK | | 40 [ST Re Ne cl | Roe | EES 2 ee Pe RE eS ees ev a aD eve || BU aa meOen OTAL = 843) — INSECTS NOT KNOWN TO OCCUR IN THE UNITED STATES CABBAGE MOTH (Mamestra brassicae (L.)) Economic Importance: The larvae of the cabbage moth are very destructive to vegetables, particularly cabbage and other crucifers, and ornamental flowers F ' in Europe and Asia. Though injury is of less general importance, sugar beets, tobacco and hemp are sometimes heavily damaged. In the U.S.S.R., Mamestra brassicae is considered to be more injurious to cabbage than Pieris brassicae because the larvae bore into the heart of the plant to a greater extent. However, when populations are extremely numerous, whole plants may be destroyed. In Bulgaria the annual loss of cabbage attributed to this pest has been estimated at from 20 to 30 percent, with up to 80 percent loss in some badly infested localities. Larval counts have averaged up to 50 per plant in severe infestations in that country. M. brassicae has been taken with increasing frequency since 1945 at U. S. ports of entry, principally at Damage to Dahlia Atlantic Coast ports. Distribution: Occurs generally throughout Europe; also recorded in Libya, Turkey, Iran, Kashmir, West Pakistan, India (Punjab), China (Tibet and Northern China) , Korea, Japan, Asiatic part of U.S.S.R. and the Canary Islands. Hosts: This is a general feeder and will live upon many kinds of plants, both cultivated and wild. Crucifers probably suffer most, but tomatoes, tobacco, lettuce, onions, corn, hemp, Soybeans, peas, vetch, flax and several ornamentals including calendula, gladiolus, geranium and lupine are quite often attacked. General Distribution of Cabbage Moth Noctuidae, Lepidoptera No. 61 of Series - 874 - Life History and Habits: The life history of Mamestra brassicae as recorded in Bulgaria is as follows: The female deposits its eggs in 6 to 28 clusters, 15 to 188 per cluster. Females may deposit from 438 to several hundred eggs, generally on the underside of the leaf. Eggs hatch in 6 to 9 days. The larvae pass through 5 molts in 25 to 30 days, feeding on the leaves of the host plants or in some instances into the heads and stalks. Pupation takes place in the soil, 5 to 6 cm. deep. The pupal period during the summer averages about 27 days before emergence of the new generation. Hibernation takes place in the pupal stage. In Bulgaria two generations a year are normal, sometimes a partial third generation developing, while in Scotland one generation is usual with a partial second generation sometimes being produced. Characteristic damage to disc-shaped flowers involves feeding on the outer circumference at first and then uniformly, all around, gradually working inwards until nothing is left but the central disc of flowers. Description: The adult wing expanse is about 44 mm. Forewing dark brown irrorated with gray; many blackish streaks and marks present. Subterminal line not defined by whitish on inner Side. This character separates M. brassicae from M. configurata, a North American species which has subterminal line prominently defined by whitish on inner side. Orbicular spot is distinctly defined by black. Hindwing brown, pale at base with whitish fringe. Thorax color same as forewings. Abdomen brown with more or less distinct tufts down back, tip of abdomen distinctly tufted. Legs brown and very hairy at base. Fore tibia with long terminal claw. This character separates M. brassicae from the species of closely related genus Polia. Larvae vary greatly in color when mature, but always green when young. “Mature larvae are about 30 mm. long and have three light lines with slanting black marks in each segment. Head is ochreous and horny, first segment blackish. Legs and prolegs green,spiracles pure white. Body surface smooth with few hairs. Pupa shining chestnut-brown, with occasional darker areas. (Prepared in Plant Pest Survey Section in cooperation with other ARS agencies.) CEIR 8(41)10-10-58 Adult and Larva of M. brassicae Figures (except map): Adult and larva from Gt. Brit. Ministry of Agriculture and Fisheries. 1931. Cabbage Moth Caterpillars. Advisory Leaf. No. 70, 4 pp. Damage from Cameron, A.E. 1939. Insect and other Pests of 1938. Highland and Agr. Soc. of Scotland, Trans. Ser. 5, 51:136-174. a unTED sues. DEPARTMENT OF AGRIC PLANT PEST SURVEY SECTION The Cooperative Economic Insect Report is issued weekly as a service to American Agriculture. Its contents are compiled from information supplied by cooperating State, Federal, and industrial entomologists and other agricultural workers. In releasing this material the Division serves as a clearing house and doesnot assume responsibility for ac- curacy of the material. Reports and inquiries pertaining to this release should be mailed to: Plant Pest Survey Section Plant Pest Control Division Agricultural Research Service United States Department of Agriculture Washington 25, D. C. Volume 8 October 17, 1958 Number 42 COOPERATIVE ECONOMIC INSECT REPORT Highlights of Insect Conditions GRASSHOPPERS damaged wheat in Oklahoma and New Mexico. Numerous and caused heavy defoliation of sagebrush along Boise River, Idaho. General flight noted at Amarillo, Texas, and egg-parasitism high in Nebraska. (p. 877). FALL ARMYWORM damaged small grains in areas of Oklahoma and Texas. (p. 877). New county records for SOUTHWESTERN CORN BORER in Arkansas (p. 877) and in Missouri (p. 883). HESSIAN FLY survey in Kansas. (p. 878). Additional infestations of SPOTTED ALFALFA APHID found in Washington. Three counties known infested in Oregon. (p. 878). Damage to onions in Idaho by ONION MAGGOT averaged 30 percent for 1958 in Twin Falls area. (p. 881). A TUSSOCK MOTH infesting 12,000 acres of forest in Sandia Mountains of New Mexico. (p. 882). CORRECTIONS. ADDITIONAL NOTES. (p. 883). INSECTS not known to occur in the United States. (p. 885). FFI I I I I IK 2 KE I aR IK A I a 2 2K IK OK IKK aK ok Reports in this issue are for the week ending October 10, unless otherwise designated. =) 8016) = WEATHER OF THE WEEK ENDING OCTOBER 13 Several dry, sunny days with mild temperatures over most of the nation were favorable for rapid progress in harvesting bumper crops. The main exception was a stormy period from the 8th to llth when a wintery blast of cold air from western Canada overspread the entire Country. Showers and strong winds preceded the cold air in northern areas including the Ohio Valley. Strong winds damaged the apple crop in Washington's Yakima Valley, and in the northern Great Plains, where speeds were estimated from 50 to 70 m.p.h. in places, they raised dust clouds, hampered harvesting and shattered some soybeans. Damaging thunderstorms and a few tornadoes occurred in the middle and upper Mississippi Valley. One person was killed by a tornado at Grant City, Missouri. Hail 3 inches in diameter damaged cars and homes near Ankeny, Iowa, and wind- storms caused 1 death in extreme northern [Illinois on the 9th, and local damage in New York State on the 10th and llth. The incoming cold air reduced temperatures 10° to 20°, with freezing in most northern areas. Light snow was reported in extreme northern New England, and flurries in the upper Great Plains and Great Lakes region. Precipitation, ranging up to more than 2 inches, fell in a wide belt extending from Texas to the Great Lakes. Other areas reporting moderate to heavy amounts included southern Florida, extreme northern New England and extreme northern areas west of the Continental Divide. Little or no rain fell in the remainder of the Country. In the western half of the Nation rising temeperatures over the weekend reached record high levels for so late in the season at a number of stations in the northern Great Plains; on the 13th Valentine, Nebraska, had 93° and Bismarck, North Dakota, 89°. Hurricane Janice, 330 miles east of Melbourne, Florida, at 5:00 a.m., on October 7, continued in a northeasterly direction and did not seriously affect coastal areas of the United States. (Summary supplied by U. S. Weather Bureau) . SS CEREAL AND FORAGE INSECTS GRASSHOPPERS - OKLAHOMA - Averaged 2-6 per square yard on roadsides and field margins in southwestern area. Caused severe damage to first 4-5 feet of margins in some fields of fall-seeded wheat in Caddo and Custer Counties. Melanoplus differentialis and M. bilituratus dominant species. (VanCleave). Egg laying by M. differentialis, M. bilituratus, M. bivittatus, M. femur-rubrum and M. packardii almost completed in central counties. (Coppock). TEXAS - General movement of M. bilituratus noticed in air over Amarillo. No definite direction. (Russell). IDAHO - Remained numerous along middle and south forks of Boise River. This is first year heavy defoliation of sagebrush by M. bilituratus has been noted. Defoliation covered several acres in numerous portions of infested area. (Evans). NEW MEXICO - Damaged borders of wheat fields near Mountainair, Torrance County, making replanting necessary. (N. M. Coop. Rpt.). NEBRASKA - Egg survey completed. Egg pod numbers corresponding to or exceeding adult counts achieved in all instances. Eggs in very good condition. Parasitism unusually high in all areas checked except in range areas, being heaviest in eastern and southern portions of infested area of State. In one instance as high as 80 percent, with 50 percent commonplace. (Bell). WISCONSIN - Adults continue to deposit eggs. (Wis. Coop. Sur.). EUROPEAN CORN BORER (Pyrausta nubilalis) - ARKANSAS - In northeast, infestations generally lighter in early-planted corn in 1958 than in 1957. CArkee Iinse Rpts, Oct. 4). GEORGIA - Light in Meriwether County corn. (Blasingame, Sept. 9). KANSAS - Larvae averaged 64 per 100 stalks in 6 northeast counties surveyed. Stalk infestation averaged 35 percent. (Matthew). WISCONSIN - It appears that fall survey will reveal an all-time low. (Wis. Coop. Sur.) CORN EARWORM (Heliothis zea) - DELAWARE - Common in alfalfa and red clover in most locations. (Burbutis, Conrad). OKLAHOMA - Averaged 0-3 per head in late grain sorghum fields in southwestern part of State. (VanCleave). UTAH - High in late sweet and field corn in central and northern parts of State. (Knowlton). FALL ARMYWORM (Laphygma frugiperda) - ALABAMA - First-instar larvae heavy on volunteer corn in Lee County. (Guyton). Moderate on young oats in Lowndes County. (Grimes). OKLAHOMA - Caused severe damage to fall seeded wheat and rye in areas of Custer and Dewey Counties. (VanCleave). TEXAS - Caused serious damage to fall-sown oats in Comanche, Zavala and Bell Counties. (Co. Agr. Agents). WEBWORMS - OKLAHOMA - Plentiful in 2 Washita County wheat fields. Webs and adults thicker than ever previously noted. (Hudson). TEXAS - Celama sorghiella caused some damage to late grain sorghum in Bell County. (Decker). SOUTHERN CORNSTALK BORER (Diatraea crambidoides) - ALABAMA - Heavy in Lee County corn stalks, 19 larvae taken from 30 stalks examined. (Guyton). SOUTHWESTERN CORN BORER (Zeadiatraea grandiosella) - ARKANSAS - Continued eastward movement. Found for first time in Lawrence, Randolph, Clay, Greene, Poinsett, Cross and Crittenden Counties. (Ark. Ins. Rpt., Oct. 4). CORN LEAF APHID (Rhopalosiphum maidis) - CALIFORNIA - Medium in sweet corn in Williams area, Colusa County. (Cal. Coop. Rpt.). SORGHUM MIDGE (Contarinia sorghicola) - OKLAHOMA - Caused 5-20 percent damage to grain sorghum in Caddo, Blaine and Tillman Counties. (VanCleave). DATE MITE (Oligonychus pratensis) - KANSAS - Probably this species, damaged wheat seedlings along field margins in Sheridan, Thomas, Gove and Rawlins Counties. (Gates). = 18718i— HESSIAN FLY (Phytophaga destructor) - KANSAS - Survey showed that infested stems per 50-stem sample averaged 1.7 in northwest area, 1.1 in north central, 1.9 in northeast, O in southwest, 0.2 in south central and 12.1 in southeast areas. (Jones, Matthew). WIREWORMS - KANSAS - Caused some damage to fall-seeded wheat in Jewell County area. (Gates). SUGARCANE BORER (Diatraea saccharalis) - TEXAS - Averaged 2.5 percent infestation in Brazoria County rice. (Bowling). ALFALFA CATERPILLAR (Colias philodice eurytheme) - ALABAMA - Last-instar larvae ‘observed in Lee County alfalfa. (Guyton). OKLAHOMA - Averaged 2-4 per 10 sweeps in some alfalfa fields in Grady and Caddo Counties. (VanCleave). NEW MEXICO - Averaged 2 per 10 sweeps in alfalfa fields near Estancia and Moriarty, Torrance County. (N. M. Coop. Rpt.). GREEN CLOVERWORM (Plathypena scabra) - OKLAHOMA - Averaged 20-25 per 10 sweeps in some alfalfa fields in Grady and Caddo Counties. (VanCleave). VELVETBEAN CATERPILLAR (Anticarsia gemmatalis) - ALABAMA - Caused light damage to soybeans in Escambia and Baldwin Counties. Most beans are beyond stage where serious damage can be caused. (Grimes). PEA APHID (Macrosiphum pisi) - DELAWARE - Remained prevalent in several alfalfa fields in Sussex County. (Burbutis, Conrad). UTAH - More abundant recently in northern alfalfa fields. (Knowlton). SPOTTED ALFALFA APHID (Therioaphis maculata) - VIRGINIA - Averaged 1.5 per sweep in one alfalfa field in Smyth County and 8-10 per sweep in 2 Washington County and 2 Scott County fields. (Bishop, Morris). ALABAMA - Light in Lee County alfalfa. (Guyton). OKLAHOMA - Averaged 0-50 per 10 sweeps in south- western alfalfa fields. (VanCleave). ARIZONA - Populations in Yuma area very low since mild outbreak in late June, 1958. Extremely low at present time in most fields and apparently absent under normal collecting methods. Two fields noted with populations of about one winged adult per sweep. (Roth). CALIFORNIA - Medium on alfalfa in Maxwell area, Colusa County. Being controlled by parasites and predators in Lake County. (Cal. Coop. Rpt.). Light to heavy locally in Stanislaus County. Most severe in west side of county. (Stevenson). WEW MEXICO - Very light in alfalfa fields in Torrance, Taos, Bernalillo, Valencia and Socorro Counties. (N. M. Coop. Rpt.). OREGON - Surveys in eastern and central counties failed to uncover further infestations as of October 5. Gilliam, Morrow and Umatilla Counties known to be infested as of October 10. (Hammond, Foster). WASHINGTON - Additional infestaions on alfalfa found at Benton City and Whitstran in Benton County, Burbank Heights in Walla Walla County and Harrah in Yakima County. (Klostermeyer). KANSAS - Found in nearly all alfalfa fields surveyed in 7 central and east central counties, with 12-150 per 25 sweeps. (Matthew). FALSE CHINCH BUG (Nysius ericae) - IDAHO - Large numbers of nymphs in harvested red clover seed fields in Canyon County. (Waters). SPOTTED CUCUMBER BEETLE (Diabrotica undecimpunctata howardi) - DELAWARE - Heavy in most plantings of soybeans and alfalfa throughout State, with up to 25 per 20 sweeps in Sussex County soybeans. (Burbutis, Conrad). THREE-CORNERED ALFALFA HOPPER (Spissistilus festinus) - ALABAMA - Infestations on alfalfa light in Lee County. (Guyton). OKLAHOMA - Averaged from 7-12 per 10 sweeps in some alfalfa fields in Grady County to 30-35 per 10 sweeps in some Caddo County alfalfa fields. (VanCleave). SOMO Peanut Insects in Oklahoma: A trace to 5 percent reduction in nut crop in some peanut fields in Caddo County due to a complex of Stegasta basqueella, Elasmopalpus lignosellus, Diabrotica undecimpunctata howardi and subterranean termites. (Walton). ARMYWORM (Pseudaletia unipuncta) - TEXAS - Caused considerable damage to grass in Hidalgo County (Deer, Hawkins) and in Dimmit County (Harding). CALIFORNIA - Heavy in lawns in Grass Valley, Nevada County. (Cal. Coop. Rpt.). A GROUND PEARL (Margarodes meridionalis) - CALIFORNIA - Medium to heavy on St. Augustine grass lawns in El Centro. First record from this host in Imperial County. (Deal, Peterson). VARIEGATED CUTWORM (Peridroma margaritosa) - CALIFORNIA - Medium in dichondra lawns in La Mesa, San Diego County. (Calls ‘Coop. Rpt: FRUIT INSECTS FALL WEBWORM (Hyphantria cunea) - CALIFORNIA - Caused late damage to pear orchards in Big Valley area, Lake County. (Cal. Coop. Rpt.). APPLE LEAF TRUMPET MINER (Tischeria malifoliella) - OKLAHOMA - Damaged 10-50 percent of leaves in an apple orchard at Nashoba, Pushmataha County. (Flora). A LEAF ROLLER - NEW MEXICO - Damaged foliage and fruit in apple orchards in Albuquerquee and Los Lunas. Losses as high as one-third of crop in some orchards. (N. M. Coop. Rpt.). GREEN PEACH APHID (Myzus persicae) - WASHINGTON - Winged fall asexual migrants appeared, deposited young on peach. Start of fall flight a week to 10 days late. (Landis). CALIFORNIA RED SCALE (Aonidiellaaurantii) - TEXAS - Heavy on citrus fruit in Austin County. (Havran). GREENHOUSE THRIPS (Heliothrips haemorrhoidalis) - CALIFORNIA - Heavy on avocados in Carpinteria area of Santa Barbara County. (Goodall). BLACK-MARGINED APHID (Monellia costalis) - OKLAHOMA - Averaged 15-20 per leaflet on Payne County pecans. (Bieberdorf). BLACK PECAN APHID (Melanocallis caryaefoliae) - ALABAMA - An extremely heavy infestation observed on several varieties of pecans in Lee County. Almost all leaves severely damaged. Winged and wingless forms plentiful. (Guyton). RED-HUMPED CATERPILLAR (Schizura concinna) - CALIFORNIA - Medium larval infestations damaged foliage of English walnut trees in Colusa area, Colusa County. Several limbs of scattered trees defoliated in El Dorado County. Damaged young orchards, causing sunburn to trunks in Lake County. (Cal. Coop. Rpt»). NAVEL ORANGEWORM (Paramyelois transitella) - CALIFORNIA - Medium on walnuts in Concord, Contra Costa County. (Cal. Coop. Rpt.). WALNUT CATERPILLAR (Datana integerrima) - TEXAS - Damaged pecans in Comanche County. (Dickson). = (f2f0) WALNUT HUSK FLY (Rhagoletis completa) - CALIFORNIA - Taken in trap in Mountain Ranch area of Calaveras County. (Cal. Coop. Rpt.). UTAH - New infestation found in black walnuts at Provo, Utah County. Previous infestations only around Ogden, Weber County. (Knowlton, Barlow). TRUCK CROP INSECTS LIMA-BEAN POD BORER (Etiella zinckenella) - CALIFORNIA - Caused extensive damage in bean-growing area of Orange County. (Campbell). MEXICAN BEAN BEETLE (Epilachna varivestis) - ALABAMA - Caused moderate damage to snap beans in Escambia County. (Rawson, Grimes). Moderate on field peas in Lee County. (Guyton). BANDED CUCUMBER BEETLE (Diabrotica balteata) - ALABAMA - Heavy on fall cucumbers in Escambia County. Most plants beyond serious injury. (Rawson, Grimes). BEET LEAFHOPPER (Circulifer tenellus) - COLORADO - Migration into western part of State caused heavy losses over a widespread area in several crops, particularly tomatoes. In eastern part of State, caused some loss in sugar beets and tomatoes. Affected areas are small compared with those in western portion of State. (Exp. Sta., Sept. 30). TOMATO FRUITWORM (Heliothis zea) - DELAWARE - Prevalent in pepper fruits in some Kent and Sussex County fields. Heavy feeding on lima bean pods in New Castle County. (Burbutis, Conrad). FLORIDA - Larvae fed on young fruits and blooms of eggplant in 30 acres inspected at Evinston, Alachua County. (Fla. Coop. Sur.). TEXAS - Second and third-instar larvae light on tomatoes in Dimmit County. (Harding). CALIFORNIA - Caused medium damage to lettuce in Santa Maria area, Santa Barbara County. (Cal. Coop. Rpt.). COLORADO - Populations have been lower than in Some previous years. Caused some damage to corn and little or none to tomatoes. In Arkansas Valley, egg counts per 100 leaves dropped from 5.5 to 1.5 on tomatoes, September 30. Increased to an average of 5.6 per 100 leaves in Prowers, Bent, Otero and Pueblo Counties, October 7. (Exp. Sta.). POTATO PSYLLID (Paratrioza cockerelli) - COLORADO - Spring movements of high adult populations indicated there could have been heavy losses in potato and tomato yields. Timely and repeated insecticide applications apparently had a beneficial effect. Losses that have occurred in spotted areas of the State have been the result of negligence in applying insecticides. (Exp. Sta., Sept. BLACK CUTWORM (Agrotis ypsilon) - ALABAMA - Heavy on turnips in Escambia County. Stand being considerably reduced. (Grimes). TURNIP APHID (Rhopalosiphum pseudobrassicae) - ALABAMA - Moderate on turnips in Escambia County. (Rawson, Grimes) . CABBAGE LOOPER (Trichoplusia ni) - ALABAMA - Light on Lee County field peas. (Guyton). TEXAS - Light to medium on cabbage in Zavala County (Harding) and on lettuce in Deaf Smith County (Thomas). CALIFORNIA - Very numerous in some untreated cauliflower fields in Orange County, with as many as 25 larvae per plant. (Campbell). UTAH - Damage more common this season than usual. (Davis, Knowlton). IMPORTED CABBAGEWORM (Pieris rapae) - DELAWARE - Larvae continued to feed on most cabbage and broccoli plantings in State. Adults common. (Burbutis, Conrad). 30). = (Xsl = SOUTHERN CABBAGEWORM (Pieris protodice) - CALIFORNIA - Larvae caused medium damage to broccoli in Santa Maria area of Santa Barbara County. (Cal. Coop. Rpt.). A FALSE CHINCH BUG (Nysius sp.) - CALIFORNIA - Heavy on lettuce in Watsonville area of Santa Cruz County. (Cal. Coop. Rpt.). EUROPEAN CORN BORER (Pyrausta nubilalis) - DELAWARE - Remained heavy in most fields of peppers throughout State. Feeding restricted mostly to fruits, causing considerable rot. In conjunction with disease accounts for rather heavy losses in this crop. (Burbutis, Conrad). PEPPER WEEVIL (Anthonomus eugenii) - CALIFORNIA - Damaged peppers in Ventura County. (Campbell). SIX-SPOTTED LEAFHOPPER (Macrosteles fascifrons) - DELAWARE - Abundant in carrots, Kent County. (Burbutis, Conrad). COLORADO - Populations have been relatively low compared with 1957. Incidence of aster yellows in some localized areas has been particularly striking. (Exp. Sta., Sept. 30). ONION MAGGOT (Hylemya antiqua) - IDAHO - Inspections in Twin Falls area indicate damage to harvested onions averaged up to 30 percent for 1958. Some fields so heavily damaged during season they were plowed up and heavy reductions in stands planted for bulbs for 1959 seed crop have been noted. (Hunt, Evans). SALT-MARSH CATERPILLAR (Estigmene acrea) - WASHINGTON - Built up rapidly and more abundant than for several years. Damaged some vegetables, flowers and weeds in Wenatchee area. (Anthon). COTTON INSECTS COTTON APHID (Aphis gossypii) - ALABAMA - Heavy on cotton in southern and central counties. (Rawson, Grimes). COTTON LEAFWORM (Alabama argillacea) - ALABAMA - Extremely heavy infestations observed in Escambia and Monroe Counties. Light as far north as Autauga County. (Rawson, Grimes) . PINK BOLLWORM (Pectinophora gossypiella) - TEXAS - Infestation high in late-formed green bolls in Wharton County. Few larvae in late-forming squares and as high as 6 per green boll in Brazos River bottom area. In fields where boll weevil treatment had ceased in McLennan County, larvae averaged 3 per green boll, with as high as 10 per boll. (Adkisson). COTTON SQUARE BORER (Strymon melinus) - CALIFORNIA - Caused light damage to cotton in Modesto area, Stanislaus County. (Cal. Coop. Rpt.). FOREST, ORNAMENTAL AND SHADE TREE INSECTS PINE WEBWORM (Tetralopha robustella) - VIRGINIA - Caused about 40 percent mortality in 3 separate loblolly pine plantations in Surry County. (Va. Div. Koto epiie IRpits)). RED-HEADED PINE SAWFLY (Neodiprion lecontei) - NORTH CAROLINA - Defoliating scattered small trees in Wake, Granville and Person Counties. (Green). MARYLAND - Larvae infesting ornamental pine at Centreville, Queen Annes County. (U. Md., Ent. Dept., Oct. 6). SITKA-SPRUCE BEETLE (Dendroctonus obesus) - CALIFORNIA - Caused severe damage and killed large single trees in coastal area of Del Norte County. (Martin). - 882 - SOUTHERN PINE BEETLE (Dendroctonus frontalis) - VIRGINIA - Active in scattered trees in Nelson County. Activity increased in several loblolly pines in Norfolk County. (Va. Div. For., Sept. Rpt.). A TUSSOCK MOTH (Hemerocampa sp.) - NEW MEXICO - Moderate infestation of 12,000 acres in Sandia Mountains. Egg masses moderate to heavy. (N. M. Coop. Rpt.). FULLER ROSE BEETLE (Pantomorus godmani) - CALIFORNIA - Heavy and cutting leaves of variegated ivy in Riverside, Riverside County. (Cal. Coop. Rpt.). A SPRUCE NEEDLE MINER - OREGON - Probably Taniva albolineana caused damage to ornamental spruce in central and eastern counties. (Every) . ELM CALLIGRAPHA (Calligrapha scalaris) - OKLAHOMA - Averaged 200-300 per tree in crevices on bark on trunks of some Blaine County American elms. (VanCleave). ELM LEAF APHID (Myzocallis ulmifolii) - OKLAHOMA - Averaged 2-7 per leaf on Payne County elms. (Howell). INSECTS AFFECTING MAN AND ANIMALS HORN FLY (Siphona irritans) - OKLAHOMA - Averaged 50-300 per feeder and dairy animal in southwestern area of State (VanCleave) and 500 per untreated animal in Pushmataha County (Flora). MARYLAND - Bothering mature beef cows at Upper Marlboro, Prince Georges County. (U. Md., Ent. Dept.). KANSAS - Averaged about 100 per infested animal on range cattle in Osage, Waubansee, Geary and Dickinson Counties. (Matthew). SCREW-WORMS (Callitroga spp.) - NEW MEXICO - Ranchers continue treating infested cattle in Sierra and northern counties. (N.M. Coop. Rpt.). KANSAS - C. hominivorax larvae found in Marion County. (Ratcliff). STABLE FLY (Stomoxys calcitrans) - OKLAHOMA - Averaged 20-300 per feeder and dairy animal in southwestern part of State. (VanCleave). STORED-PRODUCT INSECTS KHAPRA BEETLE (Trogoderma granarium) - WASHINGTON - Ten thousand bags of infested rice originating in Pakistan were unloaded at Takoma, September 17. Larval specimens were verified September 19, by which time 13 freight cars had been shipped to Vancouver, B. C. U. S. Plant Quarantine Division notified Canadian officials and cars were to be fumigated upon arrival. The remainder of the shipment, the 2 ships and unloading equipment were fumigated. The dock was thoroughly saturated with a strong malathion spray solution. Close watch will be maintained at the dock and environs for any larvae that may have escaped. (Busdicker). A FOREIGN GRAIN BEETLE (Ahasverus advena) - TENNESSEE - Found on hams in Wilson County. (Bennett). BENEFICIAL INSECTS PREDATORS AND PARASITES - OKLAHOMA —- In southwestern alfalfa fields Hippodamia convergens and Nabis spp. averaged 0-8 per 10 sweeps and lacewing adults 0-10 per 10 sweeps. (VanCleave). WASHINGTON - Typhlodromus occidentalis unusually abundant and feeding on orchard mites on tree fruits in Wenatchee area during past summer. (Anthon). - 883 - MISCELLANEOUS INSECTS PSYLLIDS - WISCONSIN - Adults becoming numerous where hackberry trees are abundant in city plantings and are entering homes. (Wis. Coop. Sur.). A SYMPHYLID (Symphylella sp.) - NORTH DAKOTA - First record of class Symphyla for the State. Immature specimens collected from sod at Northwood, Grand Forks County, via Berlese funnel, April 11, 1958. Det. A. E. Michelbacher. (Post). CORRECTIONS CEIR 8(37) :797 - WEBWORMS - VIRGINIA - Nomophila noctuella should be substituted for Loxostege similalis. Det. H. W. Capps. (Morris). CEIR 8(39) :837 - SCREW-WORM (Callitroga hominivorax) - Determined as Phormia regina by H. M. Brundrett. CEIR 8(41) :872 - Author for white-pine weevil appraisal survey should be S. E. Banash. ADDITIONAL NOTES MISSOURI - SOUTHWESTERN CORN BORER found for first time in Dunklin and Ripley Counties, marking easternmost advance of this pest and establishing it as a potential pest of corn in the Mississippi delta farming area of the extreme southeast section of the State. Infestation was low and all larvae were of the summer form and taken from late-planted corn only CHINCH BUG adults and nymphs averaged 55-300 per stalk in one field of late corn in southern Dunklin County. EUROPEAN CORN BORER infestation of late-planted corn in southeastern section of State ranged 35-95 percent with 1-6 third to fifth- instar larvae per stalk. The later the planting the heavier the infestation. (Thomas) . = Oo4y— LIGHT TRAP COLLECTIONS Pseud. Agrot. Prod. unip. yps. ornith. marg. ALABAMA Crossville 10/6 2 1 ARKANSAS Fayetteville 9/25-10/1 3 i Kelso 9/25-10/1 9 6 FLORIDA Quincy 10/6 7 ILLINOIS Urbana 10/3-9 Al} 20 il 29 INDIANA (Counties) Orange 9/29-10/4 6 5 1 3 Tippecanoe 10/2-8 149 63 36 53 MISSISSIPPI Senatobia 9/27-10/3 *State College 10/4-10 26 alal 13 *Stoneville 10/3-9 99 29 20 2 NEBRASKA Alliance 9/13-25 135 4 1 12 Concord 9/13=-26 ky / 14 24 Kearney 9/18-28 ail 24 1 5 North Platte 448 184 3 116 9/19-10/2 Scotts Bluff 9/9-15, 352 iG, 68 9/30-10/6 SOUTH CAROLINA Clemson 10/4-10 ily (3) aa il Florence 10/5-11 58 54 18 6 TENNESSEE (Coun ties) Blount 9/30-10/6 8 6 26 Cumberland 9/30-10/6 6 4 2 Greene 9/30-10/6 16 16 16 Johnson 9/30-10/6 49 4 54 6 Madison 9/30-10/6 4 tf Maury 9/30-10/6 2 4 aL Robertson 9/30-10/6 10 4 6 TEXAS Waco 10/4-10 60 32 44 ADDITIONAL COLLECTION: SOUTH CAROLINA - Florence gemmatalis - 148. *Two traps - State College; 4 traps - Stoneville. Perid. Laphyg. Alabama frug. (10/5-11) argillacea zea 12 34 14 98 49 882 5795 - Anticarsia Heliothis = 885 - INSECTS NOT KNOWN TO OCCUR IN THE UNITED STATES A LEAF-FEEDING COCCINELLID (Epilachna paenulata (Germar) ) Economic Importance: This species of Epilachna is generally considered to be the most destructive of the genus in South America. Infestations have been reported as destroying entire plantings of squash and kidney beans in Argentina and Uruguay. Though of particular importance on cucurbits in areas where it occurs, it is considered a general feeder. The adults have been intercepted several times at U. S. ports of entry with banana debris from Ecuador and with grapes and airplane baggage from Argentina. Distribution: Occurs throughout the central part of Argentina and in Bolivia, Brazil, Uruguay and probably Ecuador. Hosts: Feeds on many hosts; most important on cucurbits and beans. General Distribution of Epilachna paenulata (Coccinellidae, Coleoptera) No. 62 of Series = 886 — Life History and Habits: The overwintering adults emerge and mate in the Spring. The eggs are laid on the underside of tender leaves of host plants in groups of 4 to 10. They hatch in about 10 days and the young larvae begin feeding voraciously. In heavy infestations, only the skeleton of the leaf is left. Larvae mature in 15 to 20 days after passing through several molts. Pupation lasts for 10 to 15 days, after which the adults emerge and begin to feed on the leaves of host plants. Adult feeding is characterized by damage to under surface of leaf, leaving the leaf margin intact. Several generations occur annually in Uruguay, but in Argentina only 2 are reported to develop. In Argentina the adults overwinter under bark of trees or any place where they can find shelter. Description: Adults are brownish-yellow, many black spots on the elytra in a characteristic mosaic design. (See illustration). Length of adult 9-10 mm., width 6-8 mm. Eggs cylindrical in shape, one mm. in diameter, orange-yellow in color. Larva yellowish with black head, body covered with branched, dark spines. Length about 10 mm. (Prepared in Plant Pest Survey Section in cooperation with other ARS agencies.) CEIR 8(42) 10-17-58 Stages of Epilachna paenulata A-Adult, B-Larva, C-Egg Figures (except map) from Lopez, C. O., Gieschen, R. E. and Quintanilla, R. H. 1946. Zoologia Agricola (2nd Edition) 774 pp. Buenos Aires. ne . ‘D STATES DEPARTMENT OF AGRI AGRICULTURAL RESEARCH SERVICE PLANT PEST CONTROL DIVISION PLANT PEST SURVEY SECTION The Cooperative Economic Insect Report is issued weekly as a service to American Agriculture. Its contents are compiled from information supplied by cooperating State, Federal, and industrial entomologists and other agricultural workers. In releasing this material the Division serves as a clearing house and doesnot assume responsibility for ac- curacy of the material. Reports and inquiries pertaining to this release should be mailed to: Plant Pest Survey Section Plant Pest Control Division Agricultural Research Service United States Department of Agriculture Washington 25, D. C. cipal ants Saar, ae he ne a Re) “Ee Sere Volume 8 October 24, 1958 Number 43 COOPERATIVE ECONOMIC INSECT REPORT Highlights of Insect Conditions GREENBUG heavy in Garfield County, Oklahoma, with possibility of heavier than normal population in this area in spring of 1959. (p.890). Infestation by three CORN INSECTS in Iowa, 1958. (p. 890). SPOTTED ALFALFA APHID caused loss of last cutting of hay in Custer County, Oklahoma. (p. 891). Marked increase in SPRUCE BUDWORM population in Idaho and outbreak continues in western Montana. (p. 894). Apparently an upswing from normally high incidence of WHITE-PINE WEEVIL is in progress in northeastern States. (p.894). Outbreak of LARCH SAWFLY in western Missoula County, Montana, first record in northern Rockies since 1944. (p. 895). Widespread outbreak of ALDER FLEA BEETLE in northern Idaho and western Montana. Feeding heavily in northeastern Washington. (p. 895). Egg laying by HORSE BOT FLY heavy in Oklahoma, Idaho and Wyoming. (p. 896). INSECT DETECTION: New infestations of European corn borer found in Chilton and Shelby Counties, Alabama, and in Perry, Saline, Lafayette, Columbia, Union, Calhoun, Bradley and Cleveland Counties, Arkansas. (p. 889). Southwestern corn borer found for first time in Dallas, Ouachita, Calhoun, Bradley, Ashley, Chicot, Drew and Cleveland Counties, Arkansas. (p. 889). Spotted alfalfa aphid found in Wasco County, Oregon, and Asotin County, Washington. (p. 891). INSECTS not known to occur in the United States. (p. 899). List of some INSECTS and MITES intercepted at U. S. ports of entry in 1956. (p. 901). EE EC I 2 I 2 2 6 2 I 2g 2 2K EK 2K 2 ie 2K 2K 2k ac Reports in this issue are for the week ending October 17, unless otherwise designated. - 888 - WEATHER BUREAU 30-DAY OUTLOOK MID-OCTOBER TO MID-NOVEMBER 1958 The Weather Bureau's 30-day outlook for the period from mid-October to mid-November calls for temperatures to average above seasonal normals over most of the nation, except for near to below normal east of the Appalachians, along the Gulf Coast and also in the Pacific Northwest. There are some indications of a sharp break in the prevailingly warm regime, perhaps during the first half of November, but it is too early to specify the nature of the new weather pattern. Precipitation is predicted to be subnormal over most areas, except for near to above normal in the western quarter of the country and also along the Gulf Coast. Weather forecast given here is based on the official 30-day "Resume and Outlook", published twice a month by the Weather Bureau. You can subscribe through Superintendent of Documents, Washington 25, D. C. Price $4.80 a year, $2.40 a half year. WEATHER OF THE WEEK ENDING OCTOBER 20 Unseasonably warm, dry, Sunny weather was ideal for harvesting operations, but increased the need for rain in north central areas and parts of the Far West and Southeast. Average temperatures for the week were as much as 15° above normal in the northern Great Plains, tapering off to about normal in the extreme northeast and along the south Atlantic coast and 3° to 6° below normal in the Rio Grande Valley. On 2 or 3 days about midweek, temperatures rose to summertime levels east of the Rockies, with maxima in the 80's and 90's even in the Canadian Border States. A high of 97° was reported at Wagner, South Dakota, on the 15th, and the highest temperatures of record for so late in the season occurred at numerous stations throughout the central and northern Great Plains. Along the California coast, where abnormally high temperatures have been unusually persistent since March, Los Angeles recorded 104° on the 16th, equaling the previous record high there for October. In the Northeast, temperatures ranged from near record lows for the time of year at the beginning of the week to summertime levels at midweek. On the 14th, minima at inland stations ranged in the middle and low 20's. Substantial precipitation was limited to a few areas. Rains fell over the Rio Grande River Valley the first and middle of the week, with totals ranging from 1/2 inch or less in the western part of the Valley to over 8 inches at Brownsville, Texas. An eastward moving area of low pressure in the Gulf of Mexico produced light rain along the central Gulf coast on Friday the 17th and light to heavy amounts in the Southeast over the weekend. In Florida, totals ranged from 1 to 3 inches. An inch of rain fell at points in extreme northern New England during the passage of a cold front on Thursday and Friday. A cold front,with strong winds which caused damage in some areas, moved into the Northwest on the 17th producing heavy rains west of the Cascades and light amounts east of the Cascades to the Rocky Mountians. Temperatures dropped 10° to 20° and Idaho reported a few inches of snow at higher elevations. (Summary supplied by U. S. Weather Bureau). ="889) — CEREAL AND FORAGE INSECTS GRASSHOPPERS - OKLAHOMA - More numerous in Kiowa County for this late in season than in recent years. Continued to cause marginal damage to wheat and alfalfa. (Hudson). TEXAS - Small flights of Melanoplus bilituratus in Dallam and Hartley Counties on October 9 moving southwest, low to medium in height. (Russell). Caused spotted to light damage to wheat in Deaf Smith County. (Thomas). NORTH DAKOTA - Preliminary evaluation of egg survey data for most of State indicates infestation level slightly below that recorded on adult survey. (N. D. Ins. Rpt.). WYOMING - M. bivittatus, M. bilituratus and M. femur-rubrum damaged winter wheat in Albin area of Laramie County, with up to 12 drill rows destroyed in some fields. A third-instar M. bilituratus which may be second generation, was also found. (Shockley). a EUROPEAN CORN BORER (Pyrausta nubilalis) - DELAWARE - Larvae active in stalks and ears in Sussex County with stalk breakage slightly increased over past 2-3 weeks. (Burbutis, Conrad). VIRGINIA - Heavy in corn in the Boykins area of Southampton County. (Morris, Emmons). ALABAMA - New infestations found in Chilton and Shelby Counties. Additional counties are Jefferson, Clay, Randolph Eyl Sie, Wileabes, (Grimes) . ARKANSAS - New records include Perry, Saline, Lafayette, Columbia, Union, Calhoun, Bradley and Cleveland Counties. Now reported from all but Garland, Hot Springs, Pike, Sevier, Little River and Ouachita Counties. All new infestations found in late, green corn. (Ark. Ins. Rpt.). CORN EARWORM (Heliothis zea) - ALABAMA - Caused heavy damage to field corn in Shelby County. (Grimes). OKLAHOMA - Infested 100 percent of 1,920 corn ears checked in Nowata County. (Arbuthnot). WISCONSIN - Damage occurred on as high as 75 percent of ears in very late planted corn fields in western part of State. Fairly high numbers of moths appeared in a Dane County light trap on nights of October 15 and 16. (Wis. Coop. Sur.). UTAH - This species and sap beetles caused moderate damage to late corn in Beaver County. (Knowlton). FALL ARMYWORM (Laphygma frugiperda) - ALABAMA - Heavy damage observed on field corn in Shelby County. (Grimes). SOUTHWESTERN CORN BORER (Zeadiatraea grandiosella) - ARKANSAS - New records include Dallas, Ouachita, Calhoun, Bradley, Ashley, Chicot, Drew and Cleveland Counties. Now recorded in every county in State except Mississippi County. All new infestations were in late corn still green. (Ark. Ins. Rpt.). CHINCH BUG (Blissus leucopterus) - OKLAHOMA - Numerous on corn stalks at harvest in Payne County. Predominantly adults. (Walton). SORGHUM MIDGE (Contarinia sorghicola) - OKLAHOMA - Averaged 20-50 percent damage to heads of late-planted grain sorghums in some fields in Nowata, Craig, Ottawa and Mayes Counties. Some adults still active. (VanCleave). Averaged 25-100 percent loss of seed in late-planted grain sorghums in Garvin County. Few found in late seed heads. (Henderson) . A SPIDER MITE (Oligonychus stickneyi) - CALIFORNIA - Heavy on milo near Holtville,Imperial County. (Cal. Coop. Rpt.). HESSIAN FLY (Phytophaga destructor) - COLORADO - "Flaxseed" stage averaged 2 per 10 plants of volunteer wheat near Venango in Sedgwick County, 30 at Amherst and 1 at Holyoke in Phillips County. (Exp. Sta.). ALFALFA CATERPILLAR (Colias philodice eurytheme) - OKLAHOMA - Averaged 0.1-0.3 per sweep in some alfalfa fields in northeastern part of State. (VanCleave). = OOO Infestation by Three Corn Insects in Iowa, Fall 1958 alee a x ori oF Upper figures - % of stalks infested with corn leaf aphid (Average - 34.9) Middle figures - % of ears damaged by the corn earworm (Average - 15.0) Lower figures - % of lodging due to attack by corn rootworms (Average - 5.6) In making this survey the same fields and plants examined in the European corn borer survey were used. The presence of aphids on a plant was considered enough to list that plant as infested. Damage of any amount to the ear by the corn earworm determined the infestation by this pest. A plant lodged at a 30° angle or less between the stalk and the soil was considered damage due to the rootworm. (Harris). GREENBUG (Toxoptera graminum) - OKLAHOMA - Heavy in Garfield County with possibility of heavier than normal population in spring of 1959 if conditions remain favorable. (Owens). EUROPEAN CHAFER (Amphimallon majalis) - NEW YORK - One female was collected in experimental light trap at Phelps, September 15. This was the first since August 13, collected in a regular bait trap. Treatments were begun on approximately 175 acres at Lockport, September 15. CONNECTICUT - Soil surface treatment was applied to 670 square feet in a nursery in Meriden. (PPC, East. Reg., Sept. Rpt.). PEA APHID (Macrosiphum pisi) - DELAWARE - Much reduced on alfalfa in Kent County. Common on clover and alfalfa in Sussex County. (Burbutis, Conrad). ALABAMA - Light to moderate on alfalfa in Madison County. (Grimes). CALIFORNIA - This species and Rhopalosiphum maidis heavy in barley with a vetch cover crop near Watsonville, Santa Cruz County. (Cal. Coop. Rpt.). WASHINGTON - Unusually abundant and caused damage to irrigated alfalfa in Whitman and Asotin Counties. (Telford). Sool — SPOTTED ALFALFA APHID (Therioaphis maculata) - OKLAHOMA - Averaged 0-2.5 per sweep in alfalfa fields in northeast but as high as 10-20 per sweep in some fields in Payne and Noble Counties. (VanCleave). Some activity in Caddo County. (Hudson). Caused loss of last cutting of hay in Custer County. (Hutton). COLORADO - Some reduction in numbers in Mesa County. Averaged 500-1000 per 100 sweeps in Loma, Mack and Fruita areas. Only traces present in Garfield, Delta and Montrose Counties. Reported for first time during season and averaged 1500 per 100 sweeps in Sedgwick and 2500 per 100 sweeps in Yuma Counties. Late season buildup might damage spring seeded alfalfa. (Exp. Sta.). OREGON - Survey disclosed presence in southeast Wasco County, 7 miles from Jefferson County line. Many infestations in Umatilla County appear serious enough to delay plant development in spring of 1959. (Hammond). WASHINGTON - Additional records on alfalfa one mile north of Asotin, Asotin County, and at Wapato and Parker, Yakima County. (Klostermeyer, Telford). UTAH - Light to moderate generally in southern and central counties. (Knowlton). PLANT BUGS - DELAWARE - Lygus lineolaris common on late soybeans and prevalent on clover and alfalfa. Adelphocoris rapidis common on clover and present on a field of late soybeans. All in Sussex County. (Burbutis, Conrad). OKLAHOMA - L. lineolaris averaged 0.8-8.5 per sweep in some northeastern alfalfa fields. (VanCleave). ALFALFA WEEVIL (Hypera postica) - DELAWARE - Adults averaged 3 per 10 sweeps in old stand of alfalfa in Kent County and one per 10 sweeps in clover and alfalfa in Sussex County. (Burbutis, Conrad). THREE-CORNERED ALFALFA HOPPER (Spissistilus festinus) - ALABAMA - Heavy on alfalfa in Madison County. Many plants seriously damaged. (Grimes). OKLAHOMA - Averaged 0.6-2.5 per sweep in some northeastern alfalfa fields. (VanCleave). RED-NECKED PEANUTWORM (Stegasta basqueella) - TEXAS - Damage apparent on every peanut plant in Frio County. Averaged 38 percent infestation of terminals. (Harding) . CHINCH BUGS - FLORIDA - Apparently declining rapidly in Broward County but remain problem in Dade County and damaged St. Augustine grass lawns. Heavy buildup noted in 2 sub-divisions in northeast Tampa area, Hillsborough County. Gulasesit. Pilith Breda. Sepite Rpt.) GREEN JUNE BEETLE (Cotinis nitida) - NORTH CAROLINA - Infesting lawns, pastures and occasionally alfalfa fields in Haywood County. (Holloway, Rabb). SOYBEAN CYST NEMATODE (Heterodera glycines) - Surveys conducted during September in MISSOURI, KENTUCKY, OHIO and ILLINOIS. No new finds reported during month. (PPC, Cent. Reg., Sept. Rpt.). FRUIT INSECTS GRAPE LEAF FOLDER (Desmia funeralis) - CALIFORNIA - Medium to heavy on 1000 acres of grape vineyards near Modesto, Stanislaus County. Large numbers found parasitized in one vineyard. (Cal. Coop. Rpt.). GREEN PEACH APHID (Myzus persicae) - COLORADO - Migration to peach trees begun September 26 almost complete. (Exp. Sta.). = (892 - CITRUS BLACKFLY (Aleurocanthus woglumi) - MEXICO - Inspections were made during September on 222,690 citrus trees on 2,713 properties in the chemical control zones in the States of Tamaulipas, Nuevo Leon, Sonora and Baja California. Infestations found in Tamaulipas and Nuevo Leon in 472 trees on 90 properties. In States of Tamaulipas and Neuvo Leon, 15,511 citrus trees on 393 properties were treated by the National Blackfly Committee. (PPC, Mex. Reg., Sept. Rpt.). MEXICAN FRUIT FLY (Anastrepha ludens) - MEXICO - At Tijuana, Tecate and Ensenada, Baja California, 1,113 traps were operated on 454 properties with 4,573 inspections made, all negative. Apparently fly carry-over very low. (PPC, Mex. Reg.., Sept... Rpt..):. WALNUT HUSK FLY (Rhagoletis completa) - CALIFORNIA - Heavy in walnuts near Lebec, Kern County, and medium on peaches near Jacumba, San Diego County. (Cal. Coop. Rpt.). UTAH - English walnuts 90-100 percent infested in Ogden area. Damage and maggot population below that of some recent years. (Knowlton). BLACK SCALE (Saissetia oleae) - CALIFORNIA - Heavy on figs at Winterhaven, Imperial County. (Cal. Coop. Rpt.). A LATANA SCALE (Aspidiotus lataniae) - CALIFORNIA - Heavy on grape near Santa Paula, Ventura County. (Cal. Coop. Rpt.). PEAR LEAF BLISTER MITE (Eriophyes pyri) - WASHINGTON - Up to 60 adults found in individual blisters on apple foliage at Pullman, September 25 and 26. None found under bud scales. (Johansen). Citrus Insect Situation, Lake Alfred, Florida, Second Week of October - PURPLE SCALE activity increased slightly, some further increase expected. CITRUS RED MITE activity unchanged, but slow increase expected for several weeks. CITRUS RUST MITE declined on leaves and fruit. There may be further reduction, but general trend for next month expected to be upward. (Pratt, Thompson, Johnson). TRUCK CROP INSECTS CABBAGE LOOPER (Trichoplusia ni) - TEXAS - Caused 30 percent damage to lettuce in areas of Deaf Smith County. (Thomas). NEW MEXICO - Caused considerable damage to lettuce fields in Dona Ana and Eddy Counties. (N. M. Coop. Rpt.). EUROPEAN CORN BORER (Pyrausta nubilalis) - DELAWARE - Very heavy in most fields of peppers over State. Feeding almost entirely in fruits. High infestation of borers in stems of late potatoes in one field in Kent County. (Burbutis, Conrad). VIRGINIA - Observed in pods of field peas, string bean pods, eggplant fruit, lima bean pods and tomato stalks in Boykins area, Southampton County. (Emmons). LEAF MINERS - FLORIDA - Severe on tomato, pepper and squash plants in Broward County, tomatoes showing most damage. Heavy on tomatoes in one location of Dade County and damaging same crop in Pinellas County. (Fla. St. Plt. Brd., Sept. Rpt.). SALT-MARSH CATERPILLAR (Estigmene acrea) - TEXAS - Attacked truck crops, shrubs and flowers in Hidalgo County. (Deer). Observed crossing highways in Robertson County. (Monk). ="893 — TOMATO HORNWORM (Heliothis zea) - DELAWARE - Present in most pepper fields in State with some Kent and Sussex County: fields having rather high percentage of infestation, especially around edges. (Burbutis, Conrad). COLORADO - Egg counts decreased to 3.6 per 100 leaves on tomatoes in Prowers, Bent, Otero and Pueblo Counties, with 51 percent parasitism. (Exp. Sta.). TEXAS - Caused spotted damage to lettuce in Deaf Smith County. (Thomas). GREEN PEACH APHID (Myzus persicae) - CALIFORNIA - Heavy on peppers near Bonita, San Diego County. (Cal. Coop. Rpt.). SLUGS - PENNSYLVANIA - Very abundant on celery being bleached in the south central part of the State (Pepper) and injury as high as 15 percent on potatoes in low areas of the northwest (Adams). SEED-CORN MAGGOT (Hylemya cilicrura) - OKLAHOMA - Larvae caused moderate damage to roots and stems of seedling spinach at Bixby, Tulsa County. (Walton). TWO-SPOTTED SPIDER MITE (Tetranychus telarius) - UTAH - Damaged celery in Tremonton-Elwood area of Box Elder County. (Knowlton) . CYCLAMEN MITE (Steneotarsonemus pallidus) - OREGON - Surveys in Willamette Valley disclosed 8 of 96 strawberry fields infested. A total of 11 plantings now known infested in State. Survey continues. (Capizzi). COTTON INSECTS BOLLWORMS (Heliothis spp. et al.) - CALIFORNIA - Light in cotton fields near Sanger, Fresno County. (Cal. Coop. Rpt.). COTTON LEAFWORM (Alabama argillacea) - ALABAMA - Inspection of cotton fields in northern Autauga County revealed negative results of damage, however infestations continue to increase. No larvae found in Lee County area. (Grimes). COTTON APHID (Aphis gossypii) - ALABAMA - Heavy infestations observed on cotton in Madison County. (Grimes). NEW MEXICO - Generally light with heavy but spotty infestations in southern counties. (N. M. Coop. Rpt.). SPIDER MITES - ALABAMA - Heavy on cotton in Madison County. (Grimes). FOREST, ORNAMENTAL AND SHADE TREE INSECTS LARCH CASEBEARER (Coleophora laricella) - IDAHO - Heavy populations centered around St. Maries. Outbreak covers 110 square miles, with most of the spread occurring northward. Small numbers as far north as Sandpoint. (Denton). WASHINGTON - Light damage to western larch. Spread north and west to Chewalah. (Denton). ORANGE-STRIPED OAKWORM (Anisota senatoria) - NEW JERSEY - Abundant in southern part of State. (Northeast. For. Pest Rptr., Oct. 15). A PINE TIP MOTH (Rhyacionia sp.) - MONTANA - Localized heavy infestations in ponderosa pine understory in Carter County (Custer National Forest). (Denton). RUSTY TUSSOCK MOTH (Orygia antiqua) - MONTANA - Heavy defoliation on huckleberry and other underbrush. Light feeding on subalpine fir over 1500 acres in vicinity of West Yellowstone. (Denton). ~NOo4a— SEQUOIA PITCH MOTH (Vespamina sequoiae) - MONTANA - Active infestation has persisted over past 10 years in Glacier National Park. Attacks occur at the base of lodgepole pine, but thus far trees bear no outward sign of damage. (Denton) . A PITCH MOTH - MONTANA - Causing top kill in lodgepole pine stands in several areas of the Gallatin and the Lewis and Clark National Forests. (Denton). SPRUCE BUDWORM (Choristoneura fumiferana) - IDAHO - An active infestation persists in grand fir over an area of 89,000 acres of State and private forests south of Lewiston. A marked increase in budworm population occurred in 1958. (Denton). MONTANA - The ten-year old outbreak continues unabated over much of the Douglas-fir forests in western portion of State. (Denton). GYPSY MOTH (Porthetria dispar) - NEW YORK - In the suppressive area, single moths were trapped in townships of Delhi and Franklin, 5 moths in 4 traps in township of Middletown and 35 recovered in 5 traps in township of Roxbury. All these were in Delaware County. Single moths were caught in townships of Putnam Valley and Patterson in Putnam County. Both locations are in area sprayed in 1957. No moths were recovered on Long Island. In the generally infested area, 12 moths were caught in 4 traps in Unionvale township and 59 moths in 16 traps in Dover township. Most of these sites are outside or immediately inside 2 irregular areas sprayed in 1957. A single moth was recovered in Champlain township in Clinton County. NEW JERSEY - One moth was recovered near Hibernia in Rockaway township, within one-half mile of a 1956 positive site sprayed in 1957. (PPC, East. Reg., Sept. Rpt.). MICHIGAN - No moths trapped during September. Total for season was 15 in 7 traps in Lansing area. (PPC, Cent. Reg., Sept. Rpt.). DOUGLAS-FIR BEETLE (Dendroctonus pseudotsugae) - IDAHO - Noticeable increase in number of groups of red-topped trees observed in 1958, with a considerable buildup of the beetle in 12,500 acres in St. Joe River drainage above Avery. (Denton). MONTANA - Increasing on Kootenai, Flathead and Lolo National Forests. Greatest buildup found in Flathead Valley over an area of 5000 acres. (Denton). WASHINGTON - Increased activity on Douglas-fir in northeast. Groups of 50 or more trees killed. (Denton). MOUNTAIN PINE BEETLE (Dendroctonus monticolae) - IDAHO - Heavy infestation in the Clearwater National Forest continues to take a considerable toll of western white pine. It is expected that beetle populations will increase still further in 1959. (Denton). MONTANA - Two active infestations, totalling 1000 acres, showed a 54 percent decrease in number of newly attacked trees in 1958. (Denton). WASHINGTON - A moderate to heavy epidemic has been continuing for several years taking a considerable toll of about 1200 acres of lodgepole pine near Chewalah. (Denton). BARK BEETLES (Dendroctonus spp.) - MONTANA - Several spot infestations of D. murrayanae near West Yellowstone. Beetles filling in at base of lodgepole pine following attacks by an undetermined pitch moth along the upper bole. D. engelmanni decreasing activity in State as a whole. A few active centers persist around logging operations in Kootenai and Flathead National Forests and in a wilderness area of Custer National Forest. (Denton). WHITE-PINE WEEVIL (Pissodes strobi) - WEST VIRGINIA - Becoming very noticeable at scattered locations within State, with red spruce apparently equally if not more favored than white pine. Abundant in all northeastern States. Apparently an upswing from normally high incidence is in progress. (Northeast. For. Pest Rptxr.,, Oct... L5)% =) 895) = FLATHEADED BORERS - CALIFORNIA - Borers, probably Anthaxia aeneogaster and Chrysophana placida infested ponderosa pine in three-year old plantation stock in the Stanislaus National Forest. It is believed these followed damage from Cylindrocopturus eatoni. (Cal. Coop. Rpt.). OREGON - Chrysobothris sp. severely damaged about 10 percent of a large juniper planting in a nursery at Sweet Home, Oct. 13. (Bock). LARCH SAWFLY (Pristiphora erichsonii) - MONTANA - Outbreak covering several square miles of scattered western larch stands in Missoula County. This is the first record of this species in the northern Rockies since 1944. (Denton). INTRODUCED PINE SAWFLY (Diprion similis) - MINNESOTA - Active on white pine in Brainerd area of Crow Wing County and Park Rapids area of Hubbard County. (Minn. Ins. Rpt.). RED-HEADED PINE SAWFLY (Neodiprion lecontei) - PENNSYLVANIA - Feeding on one out of 25 pines in a 10,000 tree plantation in Armstrong County. (Drooz). A PINE RESIN MIDGE (Retinodiplosis inopis) - CALIFORNIA - It is believed that this insect killed ponderosa twigs in the El Dorado National Forest in El Dorado County, and was followed by secondary twig beetles, Pityophthorus sp. (Cal. Coop. Rpt.). APHIDS - IDAHO - Heavy infestation on western white pine throughout range of the pine in the State. (Denton). UTAH - Periphyllus lyropictus damagingly abundant at Logan and Ogden. (Knowlton). WASHINGTON - Fall migrants returning to winter hosts, green ash and cottonwood, in Pullman area 2-3 weeks later than during past 5 years. (Johansen). IDAHO - Eriosoma lanigerum fall migration in Parma area began second week in October (Scott), heavy fall migration in Moscow area (Portman). A CHERMID (Pineus coloradensis) - WASHINGTON - Exact damage not yet determined. May be associated with serious loss of 2 and 3-year old needles on white pine. Damage noticed throughout range of white pines in northeastern area. (Denton). SPRUCE SPIDER MITE (Oligonychus ununguis) - MONTANA - Outbreaks persist over much of the Douglas-fir forests treated in 1957 and 1956. No significant populations found outside treated areas. (Denton). BALSAM WOOLLY APHID (Chermes piceae) - VERMONT - Statewide survey revealed much greater acreage and volume of balsam fir killed than anticipated. No damage or current infestations found north of Danville and Lamoille River. Tree mortality and heavy attack observed throughout remainer of State. Stem attack dominant. Could result in extensive loss of balsam fir. NEW YORK - Gradual buildup at locations in Hamilton County reported. (Northeast. For. Pest Rptr., Oct. 15) BEECH BLIGHT APHID (Prociphilus imbricator) - PENNSYLVANIA - Heavy on beeches in an area of Pike County. One farm with 3-5 acres of dead beeches, possibly resulting from this aphid. (Drooz). MIMOSA WEBWORM (Homadaula albizziae) - FLORIDA - Pupae collected from ornamental mimosa at Ft. Walton Beach, Okaloosa County. This is second infestation reported in State. (Fla. Coop. Sur.). ALDER FLEA BEETLE (Altica ambiens) - IDAHO - Widespread outbreak occurring over northern portion of State. Heavy defoliation on alder and willow. (Denton). MONTANA - Widespread outbreak in western area. Heavy defoliation on alder and willow. (Denton). WASHINGTON - Heavy feeding but light damage on alder and willow throughout northeastern area. (Denton). —O9On = LOCUST BORER (Megacyllene robiniae) - ALABAMA - Three specimens collected in Lee County. (Pearson). Insect not frequently, reported from Alabama. SCALE INSECTS - MISSISSIPPI - Pseudaonidia paeoniae caused severe damage to camellia in Columbus, Lowndes County. (Hutchins). OKLAHOMA - Aspidiotus perniciosus heavy on pyracantha in Payne and Oklahoma Counties. (Howell). INSECTS AFFECTING MAN AND ANIMALS HORSE BOT FLY (Gasterophilus intestinalis) - OKLAHOMA - Egg laying heavy on horses in northeastern areas. (VanCleave). IDAHO - Eggs so heavy as to give dark horses a yellowish appearance on legs, belly, shoulders and flanks near Parma. (Waters). WYOMING - Judging from the numbers of eggs observed on horses, G. intestinalis is the most common of the bot flies that are a serious pest of horses on several dude ranches in the Sheridan area, Sheridan County. (Davison). SCREW-WORM (Callitroga hominivorax) - FLORIDA - Only 11 cases reported in Pasco County for 1958. (Fla. St. Plt. Brd., Sept. Rpt.). TEXAS - Caused severe trouble to livestock in Kendall and Gillespie Counties. (Turney). HORN FLY (Siphona irritans) - ALABAMA - Continued to cause damage on cattle in northern part of State. (Grimes). OKLAHOMA - Averaged 100-300 per untreated animal on range cattle in northeastern part of State. (VanCleave). NEW MEXICO - Moderate and annoying cattle in Union County. (N. M. Coop. Rpt.). UTAH - Annoyance to cattle greatly reduced in northern areas of State. (Knowlton). STABLE FLY (Stomoxys calcitrans) - OKLAHOMA - Averaged 25-100 per untreated animal on range cattle in northeastern area of State. (VanCleave). MOSQUITOES - DELAWARE - Adult Aedes sollicitans rather numerous in eastern Kent County. (Burbutis, Conrad). FLORIDA - Unusually light for September in areas of Baker and Jackson Counties and very annoying in the Monticello district of Jefferson County. Reported very heavy in Brevard County and heaviest of year in Indian River County. Populations increasing in Dade County and the Keys. (Fla. St. Plt. Brd., Sept. Rpt.). NORTH CAROLINA - A. sollicitans generally increased in some coastal areas. (Ashton). SHEEP KED (Melophagus ovinus) - UTAH - Moderately numerous in home flocks at Meadowville, Rich County. (Knowlton). FLEAS - OKLAHOMA - Pulex irritans and Ctenocephalides felis nuisance in and around homes in Oklahoma City, Guthrie, Perkins and Stillwater. (Bower, Howell). BROWN DOG TICK (Rhipicephalus sanguineus) - OKLAHOMA - Heavy in dog kennels in Oklahoma City area (Bower) and serious problem in homes in Lawton, Comanche County. (Howell). STORED-PRODUCT INSECTS KHAPRA BEETLE (Trogoderma granarium) - MEXICO - As of September 2, five properties known to be infested in Guadalajara, Jalisco. Total cubic footage involved estimated at maximum of 6,400,000 cubic feet. Inspections in Mexicali district of Baja California negative during September. (PPC, Mex. Reg. , Sept. Rpt.). - 897 - Stored-grain Pests in Texas - Oryzaephilus surinamensis, Tribolium confusum, Laemophloeus pusillus, and fungus beetles averaged 15-25 per quart of grain sample. (Garner) . BENEFICIAL INSECTS PREDATORS - PENNSYLVANIA - Tenodera aridifolia sinensis more abundant than usual, generally. (Udine). OKLAHOMA - Hippodamia convergens averaged 0.4-1.2 per sweep in some alfalfa fields in northeastern part of State, Nabis sp. 0.8-1.5 and lacewings 0.5-1.2. (VanCleave). MISCELLANEOUS INSECTS JAPANESE BEETLE (Popillia japonica) - KENTUCKY - Aerial and ground treatment of 2,132 acres of private and public lands in Pike County accomplished between September 15 and 25. MINNESOTA - Trapping during season negative. MICHIGAN - Total of 241 acres soil-treated in Detroit area and 2 acres in Benton Harbor. ILLINOIS - Five additional finds, estimated at 3 acres each, found at Kankakee, Joliet, West Chicago, Streator and Morrison. (PPC, Cent. Reg., Sept. Rpt.). BLACK VINE WEEVIL (Brachyrinus sulcatus) - PENNSYLVANIA - Entering homes in Greene County. (Udine). BOXELDER BUG (Leptocoris trivittatus) - MARYLAND - Troubling homeowners in Prince Georges County. (U. Md., Ent. Dept.). IMPORTED FIRE ANT (Solenopsis saevissima richteri) - NORTH CAROLINA - Light infestation in Robeson County. (PPC). TROPICAL FIRE ANT (Solenopsis geminata) - TEXAS - Very numerous in peanut fields and hindering harvest in Mason County. (Garrett). Mounds very numerous and causing concern to residents in Brown and Falls Counties. (Gallaway, Monk). = 898 — LIGHT TRAP COLLECTIONS Pseud. Agrot. Prod. Perid. Laphyg. Ala. Helio. unip. yps. ornith. marg. frug. argil. zea ALABAMA Crossville 10/13 2 ARKANSAS Fayetteville 10/2-8 1 1 38 Kelso 10/2-8 5 4 10 38 Morrilton 10/2-8 9 5 62 FLORIDA Monticello 10/14 aL Quincy 10/13 4 INDIANA (Counties) Orange 10/5-13 40 32 10 17 1 81 Tippecanoe 10/9-14 (fal 97 al 68 4 440 MISSISSIPPI Senatobia 10/2-9 1 3 8 *State College 10/11-17 17 6 3 44 93 *Stoneville 10/10-16 19 24 10 2 59 167 170 SOUTH CAROLINA Charleston 10/13-19 20 3 8 al Wi Clemson 10/12-18 Ta 5 i 10 i! Florence 10/12-18 69 26 9 40 107 18 TENNESSEE (Counties) Blount 10/7-13 it 3 8 1 8 9 Cumberland 10/7-13 16 8 3 26 Greene 10/7-13 4 1 1 6 Johnson 10/7-13 9 4 6 il 19 al Madison 10/7-13 7 2 ail 203 Maury 10/7-13 2 4 1 i 18 Robertson 10/7-13 1 id 1 al 1 aL 154 TEXAS Waco 10/11-17 48 44 31 27,730 203 *Two traps - State College; 3 traps - Stoneville. - 899 - INSECTS NOT KNOWN TO OCCUR IN THE UNITED STATES RED BOLLWORM (Diparopsis castanea Hampson) Economic Importance: Losses caused by this pest to cotton are serious in some areas of South Africa. During outbreak years, losses have been as much as 80 percent in Nyasaland and Mozambique and 60 percent in the Union of South Africa. Damage has been so serious in some localities of Nyasaland that no cotton was picked from the first crop. The loss in yield of cotton attributed to the red bollworm was about 20 percent in the 1930-31 season in South Africa compared to an overall loss of about 33.7 percent that could be attributed to all species of bollworms. Generally speaking, red bollworm affects the cotton crop in three ways: (1) destroys full-sized bolls, (2) limits formation of mature bolls and (3) causes shifting of the time of crop production through destruction of first-crop cotton. Four species of Diparopsis are known to occur in Africa, the most important are D. castanea and D. watersi. The latter species is restricted to areas of Africa north of the equator and in Aden on the Arabian Peninsula. D. tephragamma is restricted to Angola and D. gossy- pioides to Tanganyika. — c Fay = Diparopsis castanea Hamps. YG = Diparopsis watersi (Roths.) General Distribution of Diparopsis spp. Distribution: Diparopsis castanea has been recorded in Mozambique, Union of South Africa, Transvaal, Natal, Nyasaland, Swaziland, Belgian Congo, West Africa, Northern and Southern Rhodesia, Uganda and Southern Tanganyika. Hosts: Cultivated and wild cotton, Thespesia sp., abutilon, Cienfugosia hildebrandtii and Gossypioides kirkii. Life History and Habits: Adults are nocturnal. They lay eggs on all parts of the host plant. Eggs hatch in 3-4 days and the young larvae Migrate to squares or young bolls. In absence of fruiting bodies, larvae may bore into the stem, but this is unusual. There are 5 larval instars, the first two are usually on squares, flowers or very young bolls, later ones on more mature bolls. A larva may destroy upwards of 6 squares or one medium-sized boll. Normally larval development is complete in about 14 days, but in cooler weather this may be (Noctuidae, Lepidoptera) No. 63 of Series = 900 i= doubled. Pupation occurs in the soil, the duration being extremely variable. In some instances, pupal development starts immediately and the moth emerges in 2-3 weeks, while in other instances the pupa may remain in diapause up to 32 months. There are 4 to 5 generations annually in South Africa with some larvae being found throughout the year. Oviposition usually reaches peak between late March and early May. Attacks are most noticeable during this period. In years with short seasons, damaging populations may be reduced as much as 70 percent. Description: The head and thorax of male purplish-pink mixed with whitish and some fuscous; antennae ochreous-white, pectus ochreous-white, purplish in front; abdomen ochreousewhite. Forewing purplish-pink mixed with whitish, costa irrorated with olive scales; antemedial line whitish, oblique from costa to submedian fold, with slight indentation (see figures to distinguish D. castanea from D. watersi) above fold, then erect, a dark brown band before ait from costa to median nervure and crossed by a wedge-shaped olive patch in submedian interspace; an indistinct fine brownish medial line, oblique from costa to upper angle of cell, then inwardly oblique; a whitish postmedial line, excurved from costa to vein 4, then oblique, a similar subterminal line less incurved to costa, with blackish suffusion between them from vein 3 to inner margin; cilia pale olive mixed with fuscous. Forewing of female pinker and less purple, costal area not irrorated with olive, no band before costal half of antemedial line and patch below the cell paler, the area between postmedial and subterminal lines on inner area and the cilia pale olive. Wing expanse 27-31 mm. Young larva grayish-white, turning pale-pinkish to reddish after first molt. When nearly full-grown, a fairly uniform red color develops on a greenish background, head and thoracic plates chestnut; setae, setiferous tubercules and spiracles black. Anal plate grayish-white with black longitudinal line. Mature larva about 25 mm. in length. Pupa uniform light chestnut, tinted slightly greenish. A dark-green line runs dorsally to tip of abdomen. Length 14-17 mm. (Prepared in Plant Pest Survey Section in cooperation with other ARS agencies.) CEIR 8(43) 10-24-58 Nee Forewings of (A) D. watersi and (B) D. castanea Male of Diparopsis sp.(Slightly Reduced) Figures (except map): Adult from Hampson, G. F. 1908. Catalogue of the Noctuidae in the Collection of the British Museum. 709 pp., London. Forewings from Clements, A. N. 1951. Bul. Ent. Res. 42(3) :491-497. = GOL = Volume 8 Cooperative Economic Insect Report 1958 LIST OF INTERCEPTED INSECTS AND MITES, 1956 (List of Pests Recorded from July 1, 1955, through June 30, 1956, as Intercepted in, on or with Plants and Plant Products entering United States Territory.) INTRODUCTION This list is being issued in response to a suggestion by the Insect Survey Committee of the Entomological Society of America in order to stimulate further interest in the detection of pests not known to occur in the United States. It has been abstracted from the forty-third report of interceptions issued October, 1957, by the Plant Quarantine Division, Agricultural Research Service, U. S. Department of Agriculture. The list summarizes the records of insects and mites found in, on, or with plant products (1) imported, (2) offered for but refused entry, (3) held as ships' stores, etc., and hence not offered for entry through customs, (4) offered for entry for immediate transportation and exportation in bond, and (5) in domestic shipments between the American Virgin Islands, Hawaii and Puerto Rico and the mainland. This abstract deals with insects and mites of known or potential plant quarantine significance that are not known to occur in the Continental United States according to all available ARS and U. S. National Museum records. In addition to those listed here, many interceptions were made of other insect pests of primary plant quarantine significance including (a) important pests of only limited distribution in the United States such as the golden nematode, pink bollworm, Mexican fruit fly, khapra beetle, etc., and (b) known economic pests such as fruit flies and others of potential economic importence that could not be determined specifically because they were taken in immature stages. The data, including some for the previous year, were largely obtained from identifications made by specialists of the Entomology Research Division and Plant Quarantine Division, supplemented by information supplied by State officials. Specialists of the Crops Research Division identified many of the host plants cited. All scientific names were reviewed by specialists in the Department and U. S. National Museum to assure conformance to the International Rules of Nomenclature. Any names that have been changed since the list was issued in October, 1957, have been corrected in this revision. Every effort has been made to give the correct origin for all collections listed, questionable cases being ommitted or the origin listed as unknown. - 902 - Pest and host County of origin Number of Collected in interceptions Acrolepia assectella(Zell.) (Hyponomeutidae) : Allium porrum(leek)...... 05sec cet nee ec ee eee reese nteee France ,Netherland,Spain.......... Geesesoon Mig Saq ote Adetus mucoreus Bates(Cerambycidae) : Copaifera hemitomophylla("cativo").........ee esse eee eeeee CoLOmbiaiin micrsfevelellecetelerejelsvelerelsyers eke) ede od biomaa.4 Ga. Adoretus sinicus Burm. (Scarabaeidae) : ATT p Va apeyaisre -Teteakoletusiefenctejenslatel=)-/aitero{eleuatas) siedeheleredetetepeietalenelele te Hawaii ,Japan,unknown............- AS a ioep ota Hawaii BAGEABC joie eyesore n,sielayele:syeieja aa ele)ois.ni= si olen ais (ab ie\'e si ess. e Loseliehe| =) sueiielle Hawa teres eaeenet= sy sien seneretes sVeneliey sie felieichelielie PASS ob pics 6 Hawaii Cordyline terminalis(ti)........- 2. eee eee ee eee eee eee eee MeRey CLO fencitclcteledcrenchevexcusaeretsnenescrejesencherens acon Hawaii PT OWETS oats ceicjerete i ciececetaretehencheenetelehe tole lerencredeh ede ferelebellalin inte tahevessie/ateisits ef ea AO wetatavaliellapatal seer egsVetalietatcfak=t-lallaliella\/e) s fa coo dda Hawaii OTH i detepensteperietere tote rot ole we te rete ol calor shane oXeRave loka felofabateNotetsKePoV=-Eay-Ve¥a: sqateys ele ees CO refalisy had vareierstelonet -satetevesisystete Veciodomms Hawaii Personal veLEt CES eis cielscerejeieyeysyeveetaenaie.sieseieze (sia lelapategere?sVat-isie\ sl ¥ellele HaWadiy, J ADANT creer sclerayetshelcley cia, slecelazene Gbabonote Hawaii Zingiber officinale(ginger) .......-..eeseeeeee eee ee erence AWA lydedeaiah toNepsuebevelsiatenel safest elsqerevers revesencheYsiiehs) Hawaii Agroiconota propinqua(Boh.) (Chrysomelidae) : AnanasecomoSus\(pineappPLE))ejeretere ccetehssbassusveiecslelencko veer tderet-deieuniaheae DominicansRepub lich scetcyetetelerstolereier sie hace eon P.R. Swietenia mahogoni (mahogany).......: cesses eccssssssecees erctns CO) tatipelvemet er earereNor kee reehep achat epeners Therma o ol a'a:o Fla. Alpheias conspirata Hein. (Galleriidae) : AnanasiCOMmOSUS Cpineapple) hehe vavevereteieretelolalsiefedeinlale chehqladodsgetenei=ts MEX1COmmetetstereketarsferedotehetsisicil-laterexeversre Sa eMDoeD Tex. Alypiodes geronimo(Barnes) (Noctuidae) : CAcEUSt rica prcuarstaccncievefelorctrvolcieleren suet eleletst=V=UsceNorsateteteCedel -ueketcueds loge Mexid!cOmmyreneratevatayeveistaieleisksretetaiesensheirehe tap ooemoc Ariz. Anastrepha fraterculus (Wied. ) (Tephritidae) : Achrasizapota (Sapodi La) i iieie cciescvensje sselalerelate ayera\«ferers ste laren eile ous Venezula 1 Noyes Citrus paradisi (grapefruit) CUtTUSeS NENSIS (COLANEE) i eisia sdayerelcteiateverelel slellelaverchacs1-U-tetstelslerexsiene Anchastus flavovittatus Cham. (Elateridae) : OCHL Ge He lvetey sia/aeushcliniarelssaueo, sveisloballslis sels Vshi=heWlellojlevieedelsr ote =Sefs pict ataiaiauer «i, Meese) CO ey avenonsval onal anspetotenetedche ic tasscetelatots dT ereVeletsteke Tex Anomala albopilosa Hope(Scarabaeidae) : Arp Vane lsiayereoh-s els eitsvessiets/ cuevevatatarsishete) =renehapevetal syaiel ahepeteiel-iansiaelehehehei a OE PEMA AA tr cipoHorbiood.s coldedib-o no otieD Fe rer aerstets Hawaii Anomala cuprea(Hope) (Scarabaeidae) : FATT DIAN Cheyer save loxahe/sjeie ei sgetel el eaekessyor sustain \-asseiciensdsueieselohsl epciedeeeVatelats mieispe! AO ever onstaperebepelteneh tchededemeteceekeleleheh> PAs Sense Hawaii Anomala pleurimargo Reitt. (Scarabaeidae) : AS rp VAN Seige rete sere euseveveaevols wetleasens bafeliaichetatere.s\eusjeselefeietapelshaisasrene ys arenes regehal AO lyehaha exepece¥el olehetoioncksrcsetehehetelerey sieve (Aaa abe Hawaii Anomala schoenfeldti Ohaus(Scarabaeidae) : IAcicr pian e at eteaetelefetere) cle taseserayaronshs ca seh RovenedaLavatetoperecssaveneioaehenstqfekegePeters Drenehei COMiaiiavdiatstehetonstoneneonensscteTenepeherer sfella bbe aac Hawaii Anomala sulcatula Burm. (Scarabaeidae) : Ar plan Orriren rt heiieiers a lenehelsiet ere /elejatarststecete'lnavssel custo) sana fexereiak= EY DU eioiesetelereteieieve forclielnr=ists:akersieveresayelel= eetetscsusteReve Mass Bruchidius dorsalis Fahr. (Bruchidae) : GLEATTSTAgS pri ctapeiatalchenstetspelercieyeatounistsvelaretaxevavatatetsietasetedsuelersvereie) ctets ) APAM cretcvecseeceperedenehensietenen aetneveneracsLeledete tL ValiayereRors ts Wash Bruchidius gilvus(Gyll.) (Bruchidae) : Onobrychises pres tevsutaiherssersielensaerecereaehenenaubsiarsteralWateshapersiehe rete TUNES Ycivieveleteletetenstelstcvel ieveherete tet ek-Deledel = le omanodeo Dich. Bruchidius incarnatus(Boh.) (Bruchidae) : Viciawtaba Gbroadbean)farerste stevencrsreleisteieteterelajeceiedesistetettatereileRar ener German yecnrcrenctelotersiederatei-terevarstepehokenenehs epehekaueversts Va. Bruchidius picipes(Germ.) (Bruchidae) : ASLTARALUS ESD yay-vehaieveteleyshetctercys lccapersvaaPelarerslelesslahet-senetstareleVer skekocers bE openooodopdodapbooougdUuooDD Lieve dsteneteners Dac. *State inspection 903 - Pest and host Country of origin Number of Collected in interceptions Bruchophagus coluteae(Boucek) (Eurytomidae) : ColuteaparbDOrescenSmarpaiedetecteteth dekeletoieretensdchieietsteleneheseueterstelia LGailycpererietetesotcdepidetedckershenelertetetenetsie ike conoid N. J. Bruchophagus glycyrrhizae Nik. (Eurytomidae) : Glycyrrhiza Sp...-.... ee ee eee eee te eect eens DO AM yas ese) «i viele! ssi) vie/elele ehsheleiels ise sree Moker at atielsueils D. C. Bruchophagus mellipes Gahan(Eurytomidae) : Sesbandagsesbaney.)ceyereieistelstelole) slekeleseheReKelsl=Usleleds0eUnis) ele is;eheieiei els sare INVES snonpouapopobopuddddboudoDO ose dada Dic: Bruchophagus onobrychidis(Nik.) (Eurytomidae) : Onobrychis vActafoUdaiy cic sheiciele) sve teielclejsieieisicle) eles eis sje) sisjfels\siele Der AMMyerensnscekctotsic\eued-nehetoteniee Reno eneter ciate IS oimbolna Denice Onobry.chiSyS piepevepelevepet-heletetateielshskesoietehapelchaletelel elle) «Vet evedsiehelelelelis isis) eas B10 musieueur enon ensieuersesvaystetonenet stenotic ne al Wevetevett et = Dis Bruchophagus ononis (Mayr) (Eurytomidae) : OnondSHPUbeSCEDS eyareercenerehersmelcielevercvehetclele eieSetele(elsisisle: el si'stelershetoysile LSTA! Le paraleladsvcharspeieccote sal onevolenereitevet sets niga aed’ Dich. Bruchus emarginatus Allard(Bruchidae) : PEM Eka AI(GEEN co ooacusou cco ovmousodcd coopouoKOlSoR aE BULMAt yet ust oueiehensroneerenrarenenetehs veri: Varsrebaraiciehs Nj) Xie Witciavervilia(bittex svete hia -pcrrtsisienrnciereiteejeiassisrsisie:clataliarsi =: A aE T es crigy Giid SGI RECO MCHC SERCO Orc CHONG Oasis Dic: Bruchus ervi Froh. (Bruchidae) : LensvculLinards s\(lentalli) eres cieniciemercelenetsienchesenedstensseeiscecciay cere List Liye Spenay sparen car: suri eneliere sudevevere teneneviveyete Di sWiveteyevssete INARDYs Bruchus lentis Froel. (Bruchidae) : Mensmcwlinard s\Glen\Eavlh)merruciessiete rela tateusneneyetiepetelecenereh avers Sheer France lita ly, lebanon, siceieisisisierstere eco te rete Nevnying ODL en, Libya,Union of South ex. Africa ,unknown. Bruchus rufipes luteicornis I11.(Bruchidae) : Vilcilaganeus bict olelarwuct-stershetetepeieretaValecenetetetsltshslehavetatetat eer atelete ne) ertera GErmaniyppenetercrstokenerstctedersteteleysialietevsiionst sie Me eoie chore N. J Vilciapsatival(vetch)iisesiricteicicic cosneisis iis ierelerelcteve teitierste srsaessasie AZores? Portupaleysssicivetacsccvereisrnstetene Ade aod bere Mass. ,N. Y. Vile Bacto scoscs suapedon dodo moos ndtooOoDOOgGUdUDDOOOD Portupaillicmmerenekcrister sueieveteievsheravaioteneactane Mevecneiondcn DiC BruchusS Signaticornis Gyll.(Bruchidae): Lensmculinaris (lentil) errr ctekels si crehedsler tekeRedenelelersarcestcnetaase ste Ast aly /popetekay event epeheiietete iofoto ceveraistejaheteiere Seasieverenene N. Y Bruchus tristiculus Fahr. (Bruchidae) : WicLams tivalvetch) purer ieteicrleirsicreciersntenterohehtererusrsrsterersretsiiste AZOL ES nysrmepeneteleteneh tee tete ay evatereceheuerel site Diiteuereretewers Newwe Bruchus tristis Boh. (Bruchidae) : GAM op obodadodnodooconanoospapmooUmomobnoSobabodSsogDno oo CRSS8S 5 oo conoodonoouoooddau dodecs UoioneRCIO'S na B ES La chynusecl COV Acitepiatttelaseteiet-[eneieier-xersieleteleleysteltstoleneceaterernsvel sls Mins eur eragetehetehatatetananeehatotle (el lrekersverietayeGane ne ietefetejerets DEC. LACH YRUSESAGLVUS soperetepeteictonshohshalelefalslevonersvevelsletalel heheh eveliarete/eletahonate st ailiyiecemeterenetersisscisuetepaaelsievereverevererene sieve Ueereneashenete Niegay a thynuses DerererccncirrckelseiersicnkereveteretenensvorehatsistenenererersUaiacsccney ere BYP CLO eereaver eet orepenctensacicvey avery sierepersLepel cts omaodono Niweyie Bruchus ulicis Muls. (Bruchidae) : Hensmeulinaras (Ven Cisse tier te retere ckepere smere lege afessr oe sarareurens ete ET AM ype ey eek eve ie teewcselivenelscauecgie Seeceiedone ee teint Dien Cs WA CLAMS D)araetehataa-VokalstetelcleKheh eliadstaistansvetstielarsrsiiclaleuslishe/ sictele/slshayscspetetons MAO py reteniaete te iereretsieieceteetensliersteys Liayeteneetnrede DiGi. Cacoecia pronubana(Hbn.) (?) (Tortricidae) : Rosmarinus officinalis(rosemary)..........0eeeeee cece eeee Titalliyprte teteceteeekerkorcnekersrerticas ey vecenstecchone tte teueregs Mass Callosobruchus analis(F.) (Bruchidae) : Lensmeulinards(elen til) mene teieie ter mete tietbaletneienetenstete rene) cieie Union of ‘South Africa: .:...2..- Lr aeiete ns Tex Calyptocephala gerstaeckeri Boh. (Chrysomelidae) : Chamaledoreamoblon gait amrsersterhlenespeeeircerstersrensteie is telerenetecetelaiersts MO XTC Onteteaterepe totes -dinedcnetenrievelesevonetsl sles DS ara o Tex Carposina niponensis Wal. (Carposinidae) : Malusesyivesitris (apple) mitrtrntiiiieetetererettetslsteeteisisisiaretersccrs SAP ANE Meet Pe iencbeReter toler eroierciekelaicevereverere tiles oooh 6 Hawaii ,Pa. Tex. ,Wash. Caryedon fuscus(Goeze) (Bruchidae) : Archisphyporaea (peanut) teceervensehstsisisrsvelevelotsisletshs ister) aicvevelereetcle > CapemVierdepis Tan dsijecsc le st=setse'si ete ADS natereee eee Mass KEAN) SEC nogaapeoasacogocoduaDUdooUdduobUDONDOoUBOoODAG LAZOLECS iereietehoetcasyshat-bedstaneretausite jatereteverane Ito aD Ooo Mass TREO Gooch ovosscobhoodansucomanonedp0doucaondopooUDOGoOUL Wr la rpetereieveresveletolsistolfeleietejeleiekesslese\e US ie aol N. J Cassida circumdata Herbst. (Chrysomelidae) : AGMA Deo oes oesboookoupoDnnedHooopnedousnoDoaaooOmoeoanms Guam ,Hawaii,unknown.............. Gitersietere tere Hawaii Cenopalpus pulcher(C.&F.) (Tenuipalpidae) : ( Malusesylvestris (apple) dererecsiersiekeereieieveieltavevetsieielevale cokerers lace. «ts Spadmkteretecre feet trehaicictencielerercicieseksvere Al Feteliohstienete DEC. Cephalodonta callosa Baly (Chrysomelidae) : Stanhopearsp (orchid) iey-rie pe seteisisy steve ate tavcus fetetelsletenelejsvavaiavsheiet Gana one sprcserotcteleleteretonscoxsilevsitelenshe rele du acooces Fla Ceratitis capitata(Wied.) (Tephritidae) : Averrhoamcarambolal (carambola) lpeintcietacbleietensrersletstelioiesfateyels (exer s Ha warliivecwrepepetenetstelsterlcncverers teva oretaredeners ML eerereieseeenene Calif.* Citruspaurantitolia (Sweetpl ime) javier cle) c)-rercleisleleleheysliciossts!s/s;+ 1 AZOLES etetereter-E-fevaley el tstaveloceie are) avelereicle neo thon clo 6 Mass Citrusiparadisi(erape fruit) erteierebenaperetepenetetetster eiicieheietete asetoners AUSTAS Rta Lyre wletatarers tate (ste labo lese crake SD eeeretavedeher= N. Y. ,Tex Citrusreticulata (Mandarin! orange) <2 i.05.%06< oss cls cscs Cape Verde Islands,Israel ....... AN ancdenenenede Mass. ,N. Y Italy Citrustsinensis!(orange) icy.) cte a seciereicteiaielioleleieisicisislcie.c creuevcis.ere Algeria ,Azores ,Brazil,Ca-....... A Aras tameh ale Ala. ,Fla.*,La nary Islands ,Egypt, Mass. ,N. Y Greece ,Israel ,Italy ,Leb- Pa. ,Tex. ,Va anon ,Portugal ,Spain, Union of South Africa. CoffeaspmC(COPPee) etre stele ayarretey soci sustenetole etepakelaversie cietelave cherepstene Brazile Awaditews ists Cavs siecledsverereaelioh ene eininiaiootain Calif .* Hawaii ,Tex. CrataccusesSpDreauetncycrssapeatictcrstercieurisichereraisteaen nei easicnsherstcnenenastsremeneys Tyballivcteeeneratevaveneleneronodenenel ch siehateuaialet cxehacs Weteranehrecteye) INiSeG Gydontagoblonga (quince) isrrcy-trdetetcierarsicrscekothers ieniteretclcteneesvensverstens Greecemmiter teks ete cievenederetisrersiai Lo obiacdan INjmaYie EDLobpotnyam)aponica@loquat) rr yertcsisiidiadelasishelstet-pefelchehenenevicusiehete AZOLESSiaenercveteevenensneheyatehenencieneioetelstebeiele none aro Mass. Ricusmcard ca Chi) emilee neice ersten uerete inte eee reiei acy ambe Island of Rhodes,Italy........... Cesioa ons Mass. ,N. Y Malusisylvestrisi(apple) yy rer.mistetederleerecsisiscicisucie ers © sisusisises-eton Azores ,Italy ,Portugal,........... Sei oud Mass. ,N. Y. Spain Pa. ,Tex Mesprlusmeermanical(medlar) piycveyesieieletelelel/sicieieicielslciaielsicieisreteret Cady acwerey-eey-eekenersnr ines ioveliersientielecevelesene Fetter etchatere Ney Opuntiashumittusa (pr vekl'ypear) eve cies ersieis: eis)e)sisiele alaycinlsiene eis) stels SMe CLO bestenee se yala ep thse aes ray auave tote, walescennace @ocn.da diac Mass. ,N. Y. Prunusgarmenlaca (apr cot) iepjpaictcteisieicuereteneveneneievenstelsvelctencistetcest sts Italy ,Spain,unknown.............. Loop aenos Nimans Via Prunusmpersi ca (peach) rewmtieiisrsicrcisielelalererenerstetstetereieeie ete rekerarere Brazil ,France ,Italy,Leba-....... PAS edna ants nes Mass. ,N. Y. non ,Portugal ,Spain, unknown Prunussepersicamectarina (nectarine) ier -jereveiterslersis sieve ieienere ET ANC Ore eel Prove sroeierene a ciadehcheiolerevarers Iba ciao INE ee Psidiumpeuayjava (puava)epemieiiercrciyeiereiarcrereeonensioiclienercacuchete eteierees IAZOTES | USTAC I 7 ycbeleleteieretelstelalesetorels sie PA eros 9 G06 U Mass. ,N.Y. Puni'caigranatum(pomepranate)|- 51-1 cle clei cies ocieic.c on see Mehalcyeyerseveysierestee heron dsisiererchereustevetsrevelre lneeectoncverene Nicene Pyrusecommuni's| (pear) Merri ee meee ee ee onic rem cleanness France ,Libya,Portugal,.......... esd bedo Dll, Md, Spain ,unknown. Mass. ,N. Y Pa.,P. R *State inspection - 904 - Pest and host Country of origin Number of Collected in interceptions Ceratitis capitata(Wied.)(?) (Tephritidae) : Citrus i mon Glemon)icahetcessratehene eleleisltictctol ohokehehevakeraperaleestecetetoleneite S Padi rpayenehedetetersickenste teks shold sielievetsteaetens ae abo at Mass Citrus paradisi (grape frudt) jee otereie)-tel=t-satesehelal ohacol-\stie) exer oneyetaie BritishybasteAtraicalcicvescper-oislevsisheys Nestacons Mass CitrussSinensis (OTANGeES) |e oi src soos pays) leheneye, ele louesere. sata seayayofletae nets Azores ,Brazil,Israel,Italy,..... Ue re Gore Mass Palestine ,Portugal, Spain CoffeatsprCcoLfee)iyreeleseicsercteseles-)s)ateeet katete(st-halelotatel -s-Vetsueliehatep aps Hawai cudtsheuststetshcicreioneysucists is tt-fewetsheae Toppan S Hawaii DLOSPyros -Sp-!CPETSAMMON) ee /erepessteieiahsyeteis iste: cleetelel she lateusteralfey euerebaly Dit ail yiepeuspenceenetehcker nekcucdadsteretstsactensnercacdaae ltesstencie ns te Mass Eugenia malaccensis(mountain apple).........--.eseeeeeeee HAWAd i veperhker tone rraenceiarereverekeantaseratadewera Lee vehereions Hawaii Malus sylvestris (apple) oc .0 ec eis fiers aie 0 oi atate a oie oe, eis ielepeieie ele Azores (2) i Portupaliecte cis issjsieyshotsts Bier essve wlere Mass. ,Pa Mangit enagindica(mango)ier steceuayleiticreistel rele elelar=suerens Aga boood HAWALA cy eusueteloversneteindetetewenetefievslaaLsysuedetans Lis ieee ieee Hawaii Opuntiashumitusa (prickly pear) icnevestenedsicdetetofepenassnelenepaneceesPolisLe loin ls Aiba yroretetsnsnetensshonsasneeeroneeiede tse venstepeperene Lepr eer INfaaX ts Prunusamye dalus'(alMOnG) exec ci sieved e/eislical aUsjejjellepavel etsy s\srsheh fe jniie = GT EOCO ale cise eitttaenonienecsiieysse te elanchesenaaee Lees Mass PLUNUS I PESLS 1 Ca GPEACH sare) vaca varie: e) aile/ieay allayarter ote Veilavinue}elienesieiiere forevebelteltstialts Ltaly; Spain, UNKNOWN lee) cnersieleueteisrens A cats woe Mass. ,N. Y. Prunus persica nectarina(nectarine).......... 000.0 seieeaee Brazile pretetcmnsenoeneicieheuel-liskcicuctenoke A ee AIA Nise Dsiidiumpguayj ava (guava) veces cre cle aicisrs sedekelarehersie (efelolohaselessteWere o¥atc Azores ,Portugal ,South............ ete cee Mass. ,P. R America. Pyrus COMMUNTS\ (PEAT) keecetciiers shay detested sieteteeaeiveushstenetstsusdelseoucnetetete MSG ALi ypounetscohonetcnsRetetevoteterarietershalaicnenauensyate Diasgols etekes Mass Vi tisasp (EADS) weeiecster dere scteusnsiehsis janchoteetetodcretenmieiele eked -feLeqegatakshahete AZOT-CSisgeteteleleteteg-teketstsneteeonone otele totais atage a aenceten Mass Cerconota anonella(Sepp) (Stenomidae) : Annona Muri 'c ata (SOULSOp)srereiero svstcfeestonascerertbalel al sl deleletepekeberel siete COVOMPUA Nabe teparokecepsbetesstener Vale iosedatetonevece Diheverscettes Ga. Chalcodermus dentiferus Faust(Curculionidae) : AnanaS comosus (pineapple) ie cerca) «tele sic ale lapelaleledsUeKeuatataraisiersisie MEOXT' CO steneher sdepstenatersbevel Vefetsietener re = Switzerland eap-yateersen-toisikoneron waite sas 2 creyckele Pra poe oongs sopadsocbosaoncood np ocUcdoOOc Uno EHO OderOCd iD LAT GEN er ete tee ToxatieVeleheteseteMiteteherel ole iedele Basa Taeniothrips vitticornis(Ky.) (Thripidae) : Canav alias Perejaishverterarsjclisversveners FOE ODO COCO pOeosOyOD COD DUH HA Wadler v-yevorerrecioremstcnouel svay-tak-hekeverskerersisis too we Talponia batesi Hein. (Olethreutidae) : Annona cherimola (Cherimoya mae cteretel-feixaveretelenelelelltel cudue) «rt Guatemala ,Mexico............e0208- Pea sintere Tapinaspis wesmaeli(Boh.) (Chrysomelidae) : Chamaedoreavobilon gata weveisal:ioieneiedeinye sels cone eDeteten sation steistsheber susie MEX COsvevoperepocetelcvatetelenevelienevereretetsseprahshaisns Drom eee Tarophagus proserpina(Kirk.) (Delphacidae) : Colocasilaganti quorum (taro) ciery iol nelctereier-venetelerereselehoicierehenciien« Hawad'aiee) Sosepeceserctravare fee lotedereieieegs tiate verses Tenthecoris angustimarginatus Hsiao & Sailer(Miridae) : OnmabiGlooroocodosbuoU nese oods Modano DMo Gg OU oUdOO CO Dro Cd MOXD COL sme seteteletstahefaloeheasyssereiataliapefanasietslai= Vocanec Tenthecoris bicolor Scott(Miridae) : OFX bil, copsadooovoeaoo OU oddoooU dD son DUD OUNHUORDOOSeOO one GuatemalayMext' Coles jorelereus! stars iorecerels US wotekerels Tenthecoris confusus Hsiao & Sailer(Miridae) : On childiperermerennedeteieneten veheAcericielcnetelahetsiecetatetenen-tecedstcheysletenocers tele eliell sie CoStagRi cay Mexd'COtelercetaveticheveleieietiele LON Gstepeene Tenthecoris distinguendus Hsiao & Sailer(Miridae) : Oral, Gbooobooocebocon coo dODNdUdos OodUoDOUUODOOU om aoe CanaVsZonerpacreterceiervleisiels)cleleeretsielatorels Weoobe Thecla ziba Hew. (Lycaenidae) : Ananas | Comosus\(pineapp le) jej-ilepsseev-le\eielete ele slate ss e/elntereia sere a6 MEFS yon .c ppt o cues rho eco oreo reo eens Ue oie BRrOMeWUARS VLV CSUs hevemnernedehcnercherelsterentieventhenstapaleioies «feneyevereverelle sad ocopachounudod Dooodoodun ap Hon Nievstredeiets Thrips angusticeps Uzel(Thripidae) : LactucausativalGlettuce) ia serveicsseetcici-hererersucicienevehersncteve cles sie .ete AtalysMorocCOnserracretatievoichereneiarer tone Samathoc Mlowers@andap ants assorted oqensiessfeteielotcpeena sictsieneiostel eelsisiei NEVA re ooG PHD ABelieqauo ote Ones b moBI sl Weeecrep sae Thrips major Uzel(Thripidae) : Calinmasvul'gards (heathen) yey) ereysicie ase ieyapale is islsile sie ohesa lope eiejey ena t= Germany; Scotlandavctacneygele stereesyoucesoiets Siaienevalls DALS Yer eeterrueicictecekciednsucicreieleicheteinlotererererelcrevsnstatevereiln Germanyprerpesetercschelverel lremedeiaycucneaevonetciens Ly sielfellevets Dilanthuses pe (Carna cl On) ipier eve teloieroieteksy oreloisie cist eletens (each =salenagers ers Ola ererePeee nei bereice te velateretechecsestcne mien sea veteiet= VOWELS ASSORCEO meperetetey siejenete fescich seein: peneiel els daneisicieheneyevstevonetanenedaite BD Glan Ciovaversnege tenes tate ncdien cielo oie ieredetcetohs Weouca t Potentistliags Drmeruierteteiiciteiieretetekacchrhenertsrcimiesel vereraisierseehe ice (CHEER sn coon ep cCuC ODOUR OD OO ODOR AOE Moin hte ROSAS Diy CLOSE) als terac-te ae ae ei tot eee shecotailakela ebb eieyvirerajerelia, Sroge eeeis weeks En gillian perc terenan-gedererel shen svonenclonsnerenevetcioh= DiS) syeyer he Trialeurodes lauri(Sign.) (Aleyrodidae) : Laurusenopields\(Grecian laurel) Pree) sicisjsiej-)svavelebeleveteie: =) evel eel a= Tce ML ye eet areVebaajisheusiehe lst edehsisterers) ore reqenesstone Ale Gaioe0 Tricentrus albomaculatus Dist. (Membracidae) : Wandaysprr(Onchl d)iteasusnisiye stoieashelrelchelevehene cietsieusiencucnonaieienetedelt= Ha warlciteameraaRepeieietetay ieee srenslicdn ilisiedsilaheieiere Liskin Trionymus sacchari(Ckll.) (Coccidae) : Saccharum officinarum(sugarcane).........:-....---+-eeee MOXA COMeyavererenenslictslelaie sutietsrsicneyo (el sisredonere ibe oo. Unaspis yanonensis(Kuw.) (Coccidae) : Citrus aumnantium(sour orange).....-..-- seers eer eee eee JENEMNS Godan Ppoedo ODED ODOC nOO Oo Che ari dio Citrus grandi's((pumMe VO) rer. ee eleseis/elenesel =|licvis sielehs nye ejietsael srirest (CEA. ooupopsonobonen osnaueetoo oD DORA pent Citrus limon(\emon) Beoca.6i Citrus paradisi(pomelo)........ on SHLGOsbogoceo sero LOMA ddpooaOOadod Layee Citrus reticulata(Mandarin orange China,Japan,Philippines..... SIFe86 GoD Citrussianensd'S\Coran Ge) ese ice we tepeie) aye ce on sehatedena aula lslel s\iafelle\/ai(ats vel eief Japan Phadippan Shei: leiejeissdepereseversis ave PAG A cia! Ban Chews GosonscocastouoU ooo OOM nOROos OU OUabOUG Ucoo code a6 AEE scou nooo dud obo noducimon aca Saonaged Poncirus trifoliata(trifoliate-orange)...............+--- Sapte docidoceos dtd Pome beran OOo e cOe SG A SeGasd Xyleborus semigranosus Bldfd. (Scolytidae) : CoxdyAinewtermin'a T's (Gti) jp ceoneiaieteher-teveyefevetel ay -asielsjalenslinTar-1 eleyevers LEVEE poco oanpauoUeabodoeocdo Mone O Ile pba G6 *State inspection Collected in Ala. ,Calif.*, Dace lace Md’. N..¥..5 P. R.,Tex. Calif.*,La., Dace Hawaii Hawaii Hawaii Hawaii Hawaii Hawaii Hawaii Ney Pas Hawaii Hawaii Hawaii Hawaii Hawaii Hawaii Hawaii Hawaii Hawaii Tex. Ill. ,Mass.,N. Y. Calif. * Hawaii Calif.* Hawaii Calif.*,Hawaii, Pa. Calif.*,Hawaii Hawaii DiC. Hawaii Pa ie ml 7, ~~ ocTo 31,19 4 -ANT PEST = NGRICULTURAL RES ESEARCH SERVICE “PLANT PEST CONTROL DIVISION — PLANT PEST SURVEY SECTION The Cooperative Economic Insect Report is issued weekly as a service to American Agriculture. Its contents are compiled from information supplied by cooperating State, Federal, and industrial entomologists and other agricultural workers. In releasing this material the Division serves as a clearing house and doesnot assume responsibility for ac- curacy of the material. Reports and inquiries pertaining to this release should be mailed to: Plant Pest Survey Section Plant Pest Control Division Agricultural Research Service United States Department of Agriculture Washington 25, D. C. Volume 8 October 31, 1958 Number 44 COOPERATIVE ECONOMIC INSECT REPORT Highlights of Insect Conditions GRASSHOPPER survey in Minnesota shows egg pod numbers generally low over State. (p. 921). PEA APHID population in alfalfa unusually high in southern Nebraska; may be building up in southern New Mexico. (p. 914). SPOTTED ALFALFA APHID continued high in Republican Valley, Nebraska, and is building up rapidly in Yuma area, Arizona. (p. 914). CODLING MOTH damage heavier than in recent years in eastern West Virginia. Gp 915) TOMATO FRUITWORM damaging lettuce in California and New Mexico. (p. 916). Heavy infestation of SALT-MARSH CATERPILLAR attacking crops in Rio Grande Valley, Texas. (p. 916). EUROPEAN PINE SHOOT MOTH heavy on pines statewide in West Virginia. (p. 917). PLANT PEST DETECTION: Spotted alfalfa aphid reported for first time in Nez Perce County, Idaho, new area of State. (p. 914). Soybean cyst nematode reported for first time from Virginia. (p. 921). Also reported from Perquimans County, North Carolina; new county record. (p. 914). White-fringed beetles found for first time in Colquitt and Tift Counties, Georgia, and Gibson, Henderson and McNairy Counties, Tennessee. (p. 914). Spruce bud scale new to Marin County, California. (p. 917). A tenebrionid (Alphitobius laevigatus) a new State record for Iadho. (p. 918). Imported fire ant reported for first time from Adams County, Mississippi. (p. 919). PINK BOLLWORM much heavier than last year in Texas. Increase also in Oklahoma. (p. 917). ADDITIONAL NOTES. (p. 921). Status of IMPORTED FIRE ANT (map). (p. 922). INSECTS not known to occur in the United States. (p. 923). FE AR 2 EC 6 2 2 C2 ic 2 2 2 26 2K 2 2 2K EK aK 2K 2K 2K ok 2K 2k Reports in this issue are for the week ending October 24, unless otherwise designated. ca Gailey WEATHER OF THE WEEK ENDING OCTOBER 27 Several fair, sunny days and about normal temperatures over most of the Nation continued the favorable harvesting weather which has prevailed during most of October. Owing to the prolonged dry weather, rain is needed to replenish surface soil moisture in most of the Rocky Mountain States area, the Great Plains and the South. The Northeast was favored with good rains as storms converged on that area from the south and west, resulting in 4 to 5 rainy days. Weekly totals ranged from 4 to 3 inches in Pennsylvania, 3/4 to 6 inches in New York and New Jersey, and 14 to 5 inches in New England. Heavy snow fell in the Adirondack and Pocono Mountains of New York and Pennsylvania, respectively, and an inch in northwestern Connecticut. This week's rains brought Boston's total precipitation for this year to 56 inches, already the greatest amount there for a calendar year during 86 years of official record. The coastal storm off the Carolina coast at the end of the previous week also produced heavy rains of 2 inches or more along the middle Atlantic coast as it moved northward, but amounts tapered off to 4 inch or less in the Appalachians. The second storm, moving along the Canadian Border, produced beneficial precipitation in parts of North Dakota and eastern Montana. Heavy snows fell in the Big Horn Mountains and Black Hills, and high winds, with measured gusts of 85 m.p.h. at Glasgow, Montana, caused extensive damage. Damage to power and communication lines was extremely heavy in eastern Montana. One hunter lost his life in the storm and 3 others were missing. Strong winds over much of the Far West at the beginning of the period were responsible for 4 deaths and some damage in Oregon, for spreading brush fires which burned over 16,000 acres in the mountains north of Los Angeles, California, and for soil blowing in northern and some central sections of Utah. Average temperature departures from normal for the week exceeded 3° only in the far western Great Basin where they were as much as 6° below normal at a few stations, and in the northern Great Lakes region where they were 6° to 9° above normal. (Weather supplied by U. S. Weather Bureau.). o ils} & CEREAL AND FORAGE INSECTS GRASSHOPPERS - OKLAHOMA - Surveys revealed light to threatening populations in crop areas of western and panhandle counties with a few local heavy spots in Beaver, Cimarron and Texas Counties, and non-economic to light populations over most range areas in western and panhandle counties. (PPC, So. Reg., Sept. Rpt.). -NEW MEXICO - Damaged winter wheat and barley in Curry County. (N. M. Coop. Rpt.). Dissosteira longipennis collected in Curry, Roosevelt, Lea and Colfax Counties, indicating a spread of approximately 120 miles south and 50 miles west from where it was found in 1957. (PPC, West. Reg., Sept. Rpt.). MORMON CRICKET (Anabrus simplex) - IDAHO - Completed surveys indicated a total of 70,500 acres infested in various counties. (PPC, West. Reg., Sept. Rpt.). EUROPEAN CORN BORER (Pyrausta nubilalis) - VIRGINIA - Medium to heavy in corn throughout Loudoun County. (Brown). NORTH DAKOTA —- Fall abundance survey completed in 6 southeastern counties shows heaviest borer infestation ever recorded in the State. The 1958 average for all districts is 71 percent with 179 borers per 100 plants. (N. D. Ins. Rpt.). CORN EARWORM (Heliothis zea) - FLORIDA - Averaged one larva per ear on sweet corn in 15 acres inspected at Brooker, Bradford County. (Fla. Coop. Sur.). OKLAHOMA - At Bixby, Tulsa County, 100 percent of 2,400 ears checked were infested. (Arbuthnot). ANGOUMOIS GRAIN MOTH (Sitotroga cerealella) - OKLAHOMA - Larvae heavy in corn fields at harvest in Nowata, Tulsa and Payne Counties. Adults also numerous in same fields. (Arbuthnot, Walton). SORGHUM MIDGE (Contarinia sorghicola) - OKLAHOMA - Damaged late planted fields of grain sorghum at Yale, Payne County. (Howell). SUGARCANE BEETLE (Euetheola rugiceps) - MISSISSIPPI - Adults found abundantly over State and in light trap collections. (Hutchins). A WHITEFLY (Aleurocybotus sp. nov.) - CALIFORNIA - Medium on milo in El Centro area, Imperial County. (Cal. Coop. Rpt.). ARMYWORM (Pseudaletia unipuncta) - CALIFORNIA - Heavy in fields of mixed barley and vetch in the Watsonville area, Santa Cruz County. (Cal. Coop. Rpt.). CORN LEAF APHID (Rhopalosiphum maidis) - CALIFORNIA - Adults medium on rice in Willows area, Glenn County. (Cal. Coop. Rpt.). HESSIAN FLY (Phytophaga destructor) - WYOMING - Damage causing estimated 2 percent loss in winter wheat in northeastern part of State. (Ferrell, Spackman). Causing light damage in localized areas in southeastern part of State. (Davison). WHITE GRUBS (Phyllophaga spp.) - OHIO - More numerous throughout the State in 1958 than for several years. (Polivka). NEW MEXICO - Probably this genus, moderate to heavy in winter wheat fields near Pleasant Hill, Curry County. Some fields about 75 percent damaged. Replanting necessary. (N. M. Coop. Rpt.). ALFALFA CATERPILLAR (Colias philodice eurytheme) - DELAWARE - Present on alfalfa in New Castle and Sussex Counties. (Burbutis, Conrad). CALIFORNIA - Heavy in 75 percent of alfalfa fields in Glenn County. (Lyon). SOUTHWESTERN CORN BORER (Zeadiatraea grandiosella) - KANSAS - Larvae found in one field each in Geary and Ottawa Counties. Infestation rates averaged less than one percent. (Matthew). — (s)ileh SPOTTED CUCUMBER BEETLE (Diabrotica undecimpunctata howardi) - DELAWARE - Present to common in most alfalfa fields throughout State. Common on soybeans in New Castle and Sussex Counties. (Burbutis, Conrad). PEA APHID (Macrosiphum pisi) - DELAWARE - Prevalent to abundant on red clover in Kent County. Common on alfalfa in New Castle County and still present in some Sussex County fields. (Burbutis, Conrad). NEW MEXICO - Appears to be increasing in alfalfa fields in southern counties. Large numbers parasitized. (N. M. Coop. Rpt.). NEBRASKA —- Population in alfalfa unusually high in southern portion of State. Number per 10 sweeps are: Lancaster County, 300-1000; Gage, 200-1000; Johnson, 100-300; Otoe, 200-400; Saunders, 500; Butler, 80-550; Polk, 100; York, 160; Seward, 280; Keith, 320; Red Willow, 240; and Saline, 780. (Howe, McKnight, Hill). SPOTTED ALFALFA APHID (Therioaphis maculata) - WEST VIRGINIA - Fall survey of alfalfa showed negative results. (Ww. Va. Ins. Sur.). ARIZONA - Building up rapidly in Yuma area, but below economic threshold. Few predators present. (Roth). IDAHO - Discovered in alfalfa fields in Nez Perce County along the Snake River south of Lewiston and in fields east and southeast of the city. This is the first record in the northern part of the State. (Portman, Foote). NEVADA - Light in the Reno area, Washoe County. (Gardella, Oct. 17). UTAH - Moderately numerous to damaging in all alfalfa fields examined in Box Elder, Weber, Davis and Salt Lake Counties. (Knowlton). KANSAS - Found in nearly all alfalfa fields surveyed in 8 north central counties and in 2 central area counties. Counts ranged from 15-625 per 25 sweeps. (Matthew). NEBRASKA — Continued high in the Republican Valley. Averaged 1120 per 10 sweeps at Holbrook, Furnas County. In a previously heavily infested field in McCook area now averages 12 per 10 sweeps with lady beetles averaging 15 per 10 sweeps. Averaged 140 per 10 sweeps in the Platte Valley near Paxton, Keith County. (Hp): CUTWORMS - CALIFORNIA - Heavy populations of Agrotis ypsilon and Feltia sp. damaged lawns in Santa Maria, Santa Barbara County. A. ypsilon and F. subterranea damaged lawns in San Bernardino, San Bernardino County, and lippia in El Centro, Imperial County. (Cal. Coop. Rpt.). UTAH - Damaged a few lawns at Riverton and Granger, Salt Lake County. (Knowlton). A SOD WEBWORM (Crambus bonifatellus) - This species and cutworms seriously damaged dichondra lawns in Los Angeles, Los Angeles County. (Longfellow). A CHINCH BUG (Blissus leucopterus insularis) - NORTH CAROLINA - Infested St. Augustine grass in New Hanover County during August. Det. P. Ashlock. (Scott). A FLEAHOPPER (Spanogonicus albofasciatus) - NORTH CAROLINA - This species apparently caused loss of several lawns in Faison, Duplin County, during the summer of 1958. Det. P. Ashlock. (Farrier). RHODES-GRASS SCALE (Antonina graminis) - TEXAS - Attacked lawns in Tarrant and Midland Counties. (Bizilo, Crowder). SOYBEAN CYST NEMATODE (Heterodera glycines) - NORTH CAROLINA - Two properties in Perquimans County were found infested. This is the first positive report from this county. ARKANSAS - A total of 16 infestations were found in Mississippi County, representing 884 acres, all of which were in the non-regulated area. (PPC, So. Reg., Sept. Rpt.). WHITE-FRINGED BEETLES (Graphognathus spp.) - Found for the first time in Colquitt and Tift Counties, GEORGIA, and in Gibson, Henderson and McNairy Counties, TENNESSEE, / Additional infested acres and extensions of infestations were reported from Florida, Alabama, North Carolina, South Carolina, Louisiana and Mississippi. (PPC, So. Reg., Sept. Rpt.). SOs i PLANT BUGS - DELAWARE - Lygus lineolaris common on alfalfa in New Castle and Kent Counties. Abundant in most alfalfa fields and in clover in Sussex County. Common and abundant on soybeans in New Castle and Sussex Counties, respectively. Adelphocoris rapidus remained in most alfalfa fields throughout the State. (Burbutis, Conrad). UTAH - Lygus spp. present in northern alfalfa fields, numerous in one Taylorsville field in Salt Lake County. (Knowlton). FRUIT INSECTS BLACK PEACH APHID (Anuraphis persicae-niger) - ALABAMA - Heavy on peach trees in Covington County. Although only a few trees were inspected almost every twig had been severely injured. (Grimes). GREEN PEACH APHID (Myzus persicae) - NEW MEXICO - Heavy on peaches and nectarines, lighter on apricot and cherry. Winged forms very numerous. (N. M. Coop. Rpt.). UTAH - Fall migrants common on peach and apricot foliage in northern counties. (Knowlton). RED-BANDED LEAF ROLLER (Argyrotaenia velutinana) - WEST VIRGINIA - Appreciable damage to apple noticeable recently in eastern panhandle region. (W. Va. Ins. Sure): PEAR LEAF BLISTER MITE (Eriophyes pyri) - NEVADA - Moderate on pears in Lovelock, Pershing County (Snyder, Oct. 17), and light on apples in Reno, Washoe County (Bechtel, Oct. 17). PEAR RUST MITE (Epitrimerus pyri) - CALIFORNIA - Damaged Bartlett pears in Courtland area of Sacramento County. (Cal. Coop. Rpt.). TWO-SPOTTED SPIDER MITE (Tetranychus telarius) - WEST VIRGINIA - Infestation on apple in Kearneysville area, Jefferson County, lighter than in 1957. Heavy in Hampshire County with 90 forms per leaf in one orchard. (W. Va. Ins. Sur.). CODLING MOTH (Carpocapsa pomonella) - WEST VIRGINIA - Harvest damage was 5 percent in eastern panhandle area. (W. Va. Ins. Sur.). OREGON - Unusual infestation of larvae, probably this species, appeared in walnuts in the Eugene area, Lane County. (Jones). OBSCURE SCALE (Chrysomphalus obscurus) - MISSISSIPPI - Pecan trees damaged heavily with limbs breaking and dying at Rolling Fork, Sharkey County. (Hutchins). MEXICAN FRUIT FLY (Anastrepha ludens) - CALIFORNIA - Trapping continued during the period with negative results. (PPC, West. Reg., Sept. Rpt.). No flies have been found on the California-Mexican border in 1958. The latest capture was August 22, 1957, in Baja California, and July 22, 1957, in San Diego County. Of the 163 flies trapped in previous years in the border area, 146 were caught in June, July and August. The total from California remains at 12 flies Since the first specimen was found here. (Cal. Coop. Rpt., Oct. 17). TRUCK CROP INSECTS BEAN LEAF ROLLER (Urbanus proteus) - FLORIDA - Eggs and larvae averaged one per plant in 10 acres of snap beans inspected at Orange Heights, Alachua County. (Fla. Coop. Sur.). = He. CABBAGE LOOPER (Trichoplusia ni) - CALIFORNIA - Heavy in cauliflower in Watsonville area of Santa Cruz County. (Cal. Coop. Rpt.). NEW MEXICO - Moderate in several Dona Ana County lettuce fields. (N. M. Coop. Rpt.). EUROPEAN CORN BORER (Pyrausta nubilalis) - DELAWARE - Caused considerable loss to pepper fruit in State during 1958, particularly in lower Kent and Sussex Counties. Losses in some fields as high as 50 percent due to borers in the fruit, even in fields where controls were used. New borings in stems becoming common in Kent and Sussex Counties. (Burbutis, Conrad). IMPORTED CABBAGEWORM (Pieris rapae) - ALABAMA - Caused moderate to serious damage to young cabbage in Lee County. Both immature and adult forms prevalent. (Ruffin). SALT-MARSH CATERPILLAR (Estigmene acrea) - TEXAS - Heavy and attacking most crops and weeds in lower and middle Rio Grande Valley. (Getzin). TOMATO FRUITWORM (Heliothis zea) - DELAWARE - Common in pepper fruit in some Kent County fields. (Burbutis, Conrad). ALABAMA - Caused considerable damage by feeding on pods of snap beans in Escambia County. (Grimes). CALIFORNIA - Heavy and damaging lettuce in Patterson area, Stanislaus County, and medium in Watsonville area, Santa Cruz County. Medium on tomatoes in San Leandro area, Alameda County. (Cal. Coop. Rpt.). NEW MEXICO - Caused considerable damage to lettuce, especially in fields being harvested in Dona Ana County. (N. M. Coop. Rpt.). A FUNGUS BEETLE - TEXAS - Attacking sesame while stacked in the field in Dallas and Ellis Counties. (Garner). MEXICAN BEAN BEETLE (Epilachna varivestis) - ALABAMA - Continued to cause light damage to snap beans in Escambia County. (Grimes). SWEETPOTATO WEEVIL (Cylas formicarius elegantulus) - SOUTH CAROLINA - Found in beach morning-glories in Charleston and Beaufort Counties during September. This was the first time the insect had been found this year in Charleston County and the second time in Beaufort County. (PPC, So. Reg. Rpt.). A FALSE CHINCH BUG (Nysius sp.) - CALIFORNIA - Light on lettuce in Watsonville area, Santa Cruz County. (Cal. Coop. Rpt.). A LEAF MINER (Liriomyza sp.) - CALIFORNIA - Heavy and damaging tomato plantings in Santa Barbara area, Santa Barbara County. (Cal. Coop. Rpt.). TWO-SPOTTED SPIDER MITE (Tetranychus telarius) - OREGON - Continued abundant in many strawberry fields in the Willamette Valley during the week of October 19. (Capizzi). COTTON INSECTS BOLLWORM (Heliothis sp.) - NEW MEXICO - Feeding on large green bolls in Dona Ana County cotton fields. (N. M. Coop. Rpt.). COTTON LEAFWORM (Alabama argillacea) - ALABAMA - Larvae, pupae and adults observed in cotton in southern part of the State. Most in pupal stage at this time. (Grimes). TEXAS - Caused heavy ragging of cotton leaves in Brazos River bottoms. (Hawkins). Si ly PINK BOLLWORM (Pectinophora gossypiella) - ARKANSAS - Infestations were found in Clark, Hempstead, Howard, Little River and Miller Counties. LOUISIANA - One specimen, the first in 4 years, was collected in Allen Parish near the Vermillion Parish line and one specimen was collected in gin trash inspections in Vermillion Parish. TEXAS - Infestation is many times heavier this year than in 1957. OKLAHOMA - Inspections in 22 southern and southwestern counties indicate an increase in infestation in several counties. FLORIDA - On Plantation Key 2 specimens were taken from 224 blooms of hibiscus plants located on the Plantation Yacht Harbor property. (PPC, So. Reg., Sept. Rpt.). NEW MEXICO - Five larvae were found at 3 gins in Dona Ana County, involving 986 bales of cotton, and one larva at a gin in Luna County, involving 193 bales. (PPC, West. Reg., Sept. Rpt.). NEVADA - None collected in light traps to date in Pahrump Valley, Nye County. (Bechtel, Zoller, Oct. 17). COTTON APHID (Aphis gossypii) - NEW MEXICO - Heavy in cotton fields in Mesilla Valley. Honeydew causing some damage to lint. (N. M. Coop. Rpt.). FOREST, ORNAMENTAL AND SHADE TREE INSECTS EUROPEAN PINE SHOOT MOTH (Rhyacionia buoliana) - WEST VIRGINIA - Heavy infestation of pines statewide. (W. Va. Ins. Sur.). FALL WEBWORM (Hyphantria cunea) - WEST VIRGINIA - Very light on various trees statewide. (W. Va. Ins. Sur.). AN OLETHREUTID (Laspeyresia bracteatana) - CALIFORNIA - Causing complete destruction of red fir cone crop and considerable damage to white fir cone crop in Stonyford Forest area, Colusa County. This is first time this species has been taken on red fir. (Sandborn, USFS). SPRUCE BUDWORM (Choristoneura fumiferana) - CALIFORNIA - Light to moderate and causing defoliation of white fir in Bidwell Creek and North Warner areas of Modoc National Forest. In previous years this area infestation has remained at a low endemic level. (Howard, USFS). BARK BEETLES - TEXAS - Treatment of infested trees and/or stumps continued, with 3,000 acres remaining to be treated. Activity is decreasing. (Young). CALIFORNIA - Pityophthorus sp. heavy on spruce in Los Gatos, Santa Clara County. (Cal. Coop. Rpt.). IPS BEETLES (Ips spp.) - TEXAS - Caused mortality of merchantable pines in Angelina, Polk, Trinity and Tyler Counties. (Young). SOUTHERN PINE BEETLE (Dendroctonus frontalis) - TEXAS - Aerial and ground observations failed to show any additional spots with brood trees. There are nc known spots with active broods. (Young). APHIDS - OKLAHOMA - Several heavy infestations on pines and arborvitaes in the Oklahoma City area, Oklahoma County. (Bower). Myzocallis ulmifolii averaged 4 per leaf on Payne County elms. (Howell). SPRUCE BUD SCALE (Physokermes piceae) - CALIFORNIA - Collected on spruce at San Rafael, Marin County, September 25. This is the first in this county. Was first collected in the State in Alameda County May 8, 1958. (Harper). ORIENTAL FRUIT MOTH (Grapholitha molesta) - MISSISSIPPI - Severely damaged photinia at Mathiston, (Hutchins). = Sls}. BOXWOOD LEAF MINER (Monarthropalpus buxi) - WEST VIRGINIA - Boxwood 100 percent infested in a Cabell County nursery. (W. Va. Ins. Sur.). DOGWOOD CLUB-GALL MIDGE (Mycodiplosis alternata) - TENNESSEE - Galls found on dogwood in Knox County. (Bennett). SCALE INSECTS - MARYLAND - Unaspis euonymi heavy on euonymus at Laurel, Prince Georges County. (U. Md., Ent. Dept.). MISSISSIPPI - Several reports of serious infestations of Fiorinia theae over the State. (Hutchins). MIMOSA WEBWORM (Homadaula albizziae) - FLORIDA - Investigation of infestation on mimosa trees at Ft. Walton, Okaloosa County, revealed that the city, approximately 2 square miles, was generally infested. No live specimens were found. Same symptoms were observed on one property in Pensacola, Escambia County. (Bradgon, Albritton, Oct. 16). NEVADA BUCK MOTH (Hemileuca nevadensis) - OKLAHOMA - Heavy adult population active around clumps of shinery oak in southeastern Ellis County. (VanCleave, Frazier). A CHERMID (Phylloxera sp.) - OHIO - Stunted and distorted growing tips of pin oaks in Wooster, Wayne County. Det. L. M. Russell. (Neiswander). INSECTS AFFECTING MAN AND ANIMALS SCREW-WORM (Callitroga hominivorax) - NEVADA - Additional larvae collected from dogs at Fallon, Churchill County, and Las Vegas, Clark County. (Bechtel, Oct. 17). ALABAMA - During past month members of the Screw-worm Eradication Group have reported collecting sterile egg masses of this species from animals in Autauga, Montgomery and Elmore Counties, however only a few such cases have been reported. Positive specimens are still being found in these counties. (Grimes). SCREW-WORMS - NEW MEXICO - Remained active in herds in Grant County. (NE OME Coop! Rpts): HORN FLY (Siphona irritans) - OKLAHOMA - Averaged 100-500 per untreated animal on range cattle in northwestern part of State. (VanCleave). SALT-MARSH MOSQUITO (Aedes sollicitans) - DELAWARE - Remained common in eastern sections of Kent and Sussex Counties. (Burbutis, Conrad). NORTH CAROLINA - Adults biting at the rate of 20-30 per minute along the entire coastal area. (Ashton). AN EYE GNAT (Hippelates collusor) - CALIFORNIA - Continues to be a nuisance in the Borrego Valley of San Diego County, the El Toro area of Orange County and the Coachella Valley of Riverside County. (Mulla). A TICK (Ornithodoros coriaceus) - CALIFORNIA - Many hunters and hikers being bitten in the Santa Susana and Sespe Creek areas of Ventura County and the Cuyama Valley of Santa Barbara County. (Cal. Coop. Rpt.). STORED-PRODUCT INSECTS A TENEBRIONID (Alphitobius laevigatus) - IDAHO - Infestation in pea screenings in seed warehouse in Twin Falls, Twin Falls County. Apparently new State record. (Gibson). {Vale} Stored-grain Insects in Alabama - Survey of a warehouse in Mobile County revealed a heavy infestation of immature stages of Anthrenus scrophulariae and AttagenuS piceus in grain refuse. An extremely heavy infestation of Lasioderma serricorne was also found, as well as a moderate infestation of Oryzaephilus surinamensis and Tribolium confusum. (Grimes, Seibels, Barry). A FUNGUS BEETLE - TEXAS - Caused considerable damage to stored-grain in San Patricio and Aransas Counties. (Co. Agents). BENEFICIAL INSECTS A SPOTTED ALFALFA APHID PARASITE (Trioxys utilis) - NEVADA - Cocoons found in two of three fields examined. This represents the first recovery of this parasite in the State. (Puttler, Oct. 17). A CHALCID (Dibrachys cavus) - IDAHO - Reared from a collection of Haplotinea ditella. (See CEIR 7(12):214). This apparently constitutes a new host reeord for this common species. (Barr). A LADY BEETLE (Olla abdominalis) - OKLAHOMA - Averaged 1-2 per 10 leaves on elms in Stillwater area, Payne County. (Howell). MISCELLANEOUS INSECTS IMPORTED FIRE ANT (Solenopsis saevissima richteri) - MISSISSIPPI -— Found in Adams County for the first time, September 29. (Hutchins). SOUTHERN FIRE ANT (Solenopsis xyloni) - MISSISSIPPI - Being sent in for identification from several areas of State due to increased interest in fire ant program. (Hutchins, Oct. 3). ELM LEAF BEETLE (Galerucella xanthomelaena) - OKLAHOMA - Adults numerous in some homes in the Stillwater area, Payne County. (Howell). OLD-HOUSE BORER (Hylotrupes bajulus) - VIRGINIA - Damaging a building in Loudoun County. (Brown VEGETABLE WEEVIL (Listroderes costirostris obliquus) - TEXAS - Large numbers attracted to lights in Gillespie County. (Turney). A WEEVIL (Eudiagogus pulcher) - CALIFORNIA - Adults heavy on sesbania foliage in Blythe area, Riverside County. (Cal. Coop. Rpt.). A TERMITE (Zootermopsis angusticollis) - OREGON - Reported infesting several dwellings in the Salem area, Marion and Polk Counties. Some winged forms present. (Capizzi). TO 2 Ola LIGHT TRAP COLLECTIONS Pseud. Agrot. Prod. Perid. Laphyg. Ala. Helio. unip. _yps. ornith. marg. frug. argil. zea FLORIDA Gainesville 10/21 4 Quincy 10/20 3 2 INDIANA (Counties) Orange 10/14-17 5 ag, 12 103 Tippecanoe 10/15-22 138 193 10 62 4 425 KANSAS Garden City 9/29-10/3, Zi 13 190 6-12 ,14-15,18-19 Hays 10/6-8,13-16 39 43 PUTS Manhattan 10/16 26 7 9 216 LOUISIANA Baton Rouge 10/10-23 64 67 42 5 206 1429 167 MISSISSIPPI *State College 10/17-24 20 12 6 abr (ee 126 *Stoneville 10/17-24 43 ile/ 8 i! 30 56 135 NEBRASKA Alliance 9/26-10/5 70 3 8 46 Concord 9/27-10/5 30 36 2 15 1159 Kearney 9/29-10/2 2 2 67 North Platte 10/3-9 1539 676 8 167 97 667 Scotts Bluff 10/7-13 267 Sih 99 64 SOUTH CAROLINA Clemson 10/18-24 4 16 2 1 1 3 Charleston 10/6-12, 20 19 4 2 1h3} 2 21 20-26 Florence 10/19-25 37 23 3 1 42 170 27 TENNESSEE (Counties) Blount 10/14-20 2 a 1 14 Cumberland 10/14-20 9 11 32 Greene 10/14-20 12 $3 2 aL 9 Johnson 10/14-20 2 1 3 1 8 21 Madison 10/14-20 6 4 iLak 3 2 59 Maury 10/14-20 8 7q 12 10 akal Robertson 10/14-20 6 16 4 1 128 TEXAS Waco 10/18-24 89 25 39 5288 160 *Two traps - State College; 3 traps - Stoneville. PAL ADDITIONAL NOTES MINESOTA - The 1958 grasshopper survey shows Melanoplus femur-rubrum by far the most dominant species in the State; however, M. bivitattus and M. differentialis egg pods were found at a number of west central and Southwest locations. Generally, egg pod numbers were very low over the greater area of the State. In the west central and southwest districts a number of fields with threatening to very severe egg infestations were found, but fields with high egg counts are very scattered, indicating that the infestation will, in all probability, be quite spotty in 1959. The number of egg predators found was very low in all districts surveyed. (PPC-State Coop.). FE 2 Kg 8 2k aK RC 2 2k Ig 2K 2K IC 2 kg 2 2 Kk 2K 2K ic ae 2k 2K ok Soybean Cyst Nematode Reported from Virginia - The following information has been received from C. R. Willey, Director, Division of Plant Industry, Virginia Department of Agriculture and Immigration, Richmond: October 27, 1958 "TO-STATE PLANT PEST CONTROL AND QUARANTINE OFFICIALS SUBJECT-SOYBEAN CYST NEMATODE "The soybean cyst nematode (Heterodera glycines Ichinohe) has been confirmed by U. S. D. A. nematologists from soil samples from two farms in Nansemond County, Virginia. "Over 1,250 soil samples from 29 other heavy producing counties have been processed and found negative. "Other samples are being taken and processed, and you will be kept informed of any further developments. "At present no hazardous commodities are being moved from the farms, or the county involved." - 922 - 8S61 ‘OE 4equieydes “vYaSn‘eo1Aues Yyosoesey pounyjnouby : *UOISIAIG JO4JU0D 480d JUD]d UI! peindesg , , ¢ / id Reports in this issue are for the week ending November 7, unless otherwise designated. 9380 WEATHER OF THE WEEK ENDING NOVEMBER 10 A succession of changes in the weather occurred as pressure systems swept across the Nation during the week. These changes mostly affected the more northern States, but at times spread into Southern areas except the Southwest. Dry weather persisted from southern California and southwestern Arizona eastward over the southern Great Plains. The High Plains of Texas have had no significant rain for over a month. Temperatures over most of the country averaged higher than for the previous week. This was especially noticeable in Texas and the Rocky Mountain and Pacific States. Saturday and Sunday's temperatures equaled or exceeded previous records for so late in the fall at West Palm Beach, Florida (90° on the 8th equaled previous record) , Winnemucca, Nevada (75° on the 9th), and Salt Lake City,Utah (74° on the 9th). Brisk winds accompanied a series of disturbances inland over the Pacific Northwest and Northern Interior. Precipitation fell on most days in the Pacific Northwest and Idaho. Monday brought damaging winds to the Pacific Northwest. Blowing dust was raised at Idaho Falls, Idaho, and gusts of 64 m.p.h. occurred at Livingston, Montana. On Tuesday, this energetic disturbance joined a weather front extending from northern California to N. Dakota. It brought damaging winds to Wyoming, where Sheridan reported peak gusts of 86 m.p.h. The arrival of chilling winds dropped temperatures to freezing in a few hours. In South Dakota, western Nebraska and Kansas these winds whipped up dust early Tuesday evening and on Wednesday gusts rose to 63 m.p.h. at Mason City, Iowa, and extended over much of the Midwest. On Thursday morning cold, dry air poured across the Appalachians and brisk westerly and northwesterly winds swept into the North Atlantic States. On Friday, Ohio had its coldest temperatures of the season. More high winds occurred the latter part of the week in the northern Great Plains, northern Rockies and Pacific Northwest. Blizzard conditions impeded traffic in the northern mountian passes of Colorado. Freezing temperatures over much of the same area as the previous week extended further southward into parts of northern Louisiana and northern Georgia. Generally, temperatures for the week averaged 3° or more above normal north of a line joining southeastern Arizona and upper Michigan, while elsewhere averages ranged from near normal to about 3° below normal. Most of the country had less than one-half inch of precipitation. The larger weekly totals exceeded 3 inches in parts of Florida and west of the Cascade Mountains. (Summary supplied by U. S. Weather Bureau). 93 9) CEREAL AND FORAGE INSECTS GRASSHOPPERS - CALIFORNIA - Survey completed by County, State and Federal personnel indicated potential population of 7 or more grasshoppers per square yard can be expected to infest approximately 4,523,300 acres of grassland under normal conditions in 1959. (Cal. Coop. Rpt., Sept.). NEW MEXICO - Damaged borders of winter wheat fields adjacent to non-cultivated fields. About 10,000 acres replanted in Curry County, farmers preferring this to attempting controls. (N. M. Coop. Rpt.). UTAH - Largely Melanoplus spp. are especially numerous in mountians south of Mantua, Box Elder County. (Knowlton). EUROPEAN CORN BORER (Pyrausta nubilalis) - ARKANSAS - Infestations in south- western counties much lower than other counties, since these counties were infested for first time in 1958: (Ark. Ins. Rpt.). VIRGINIA - Density survey in 20 northern and southwestern counties showed an average of 252 borers per 100 stalks, with 80 percent of stalks examined being infested. The 1957 figures were 117 borers per 100 stalks and 63 percent of examined stalks infested. (Morris). OKLAHOMA - Survey of some corn fields in Nowata, Tulsa and Payne Counties failed to show presence of infestations. (Arbuthnot). SORGHUM WEBWORM (Celama sorghiella) - OKLAHOMA - Averaged 4-10 per head in a few fields of late grain sorghums in southern areas. (VanCleave). TERMITES - VIRGINIA - Unidentified species found hollowing out corn stalks in Nansemond County and causing stalks to break over in late October. (Matheny). CORN LEAF APHID (Rhopalosiphum maidis) - OKLAHOMA - Averaged as high as 1,000 per head in a few fields of late grain sorghum in southern part of State. (VanCleave). TEXAS - Heavy and damaged Sudan grass in Frio County. (Harding) . CALIFORNIA - Heavy on barley in Soledad area, Monterey County. (McLean). WINTER GRAIN MITE (Penthaleus major) - TEXAS - Light to medium in barley and oat fields in Madison County. (Garrett). PEA APHID (Macrosiphum pisi) - UTAH - Ranged scarce to moderate on Cache County alfalfa. (Knowlton). KANSAS - Numbered about 50 per sweep at Hays, Ellis County, November 1. (Harvey). SPOTTED ALFALFA APHID (Therioaphis maculata) - OKLAHOMA - Averaged 10-25 per sweep ‘in southern and south central alfalfa fields. (VanCleave). UTAH - Scarce to moderate on alfalfa in Cache County. (Knowlton). ILLINOIS - Collected in Union County, but exact population counts were not made. (111. Ins. Rpt.). KANSAS - Numbered about 50 per sweep at Hays, Ellis County, November 1. (Harvey). TARNISHED PLANT BUG (Lygus lineolaris) - OKLAHOMA - Averaged 0-2.5 per sweep in southern and south central alfalfa fields. (Van Cleave). ALFALFA WEEVIL (Hypera postica) - MASSACHUSETTS - Larvae ranged 0-110 and adults 0-3 per 100 sweeps in Worcester County, October 3. Heaviest infestation at Dudley. Larvae ranged 14-37 per 100 sweeps in Norfolk County on same date; O-1 in Hampshire County, October 6; and 0-24 in Barnstable County, October 8. Adults averaged 0-2 per 100 sweeps and larvae O in Berkshire County, October 10, which is unusual in that this is one of the areas of original infestation. (Lavigne, Shaw). DELAWARE - Larvae in some alfalfa fields in Kent and New Castle Counties. Adults averaged 1-2 per 10 sweeps in several Kent County alfalfa fields. (Burbutis, Conrad). LESSER CLOVER LEAF WEEVIL (Hypera nigrirostris) - DELAWARE - In red clover in New Castle and Kent Counties. (Burbutis, Conrad). - 940 - CLOVER ROOT CURCULIO (Sitona hispidula) - MASSACHUSETTS - Adults ranged 0-2 per 100 sweeps in Worcester County and 0-9 in Norfolk County, October 3; 0-9 in Barnstable County, October 8; and 1-32 in Berkshire County on October 10. Adult fall population in extremely light. Many dead specimens were observed in the field attacked by Beauveria bassiana. (Lavigne, Shaw). SPOTTED CUCUMBER BEETLE (Diabrotica undecimpunctata howardi) - OKLAHOMA - Averaged 0.4-2 per sweep in southern and south central alfalfa fields. (VanCleave). POTATO LEAFHOPPER (Empoasca fabae) - DELAWARE - Common to prevalent in some alfalfa fields in Kent and New Castle Counties. (Burbutis, Conrad). THREE-CORNERED ALFALFA HOPPER (Spissistilus festinus) - OKLAHOMA - Averaged 0.5-1 per sweep in alfalfa fields in the southern and south central parts of the State. (VanCleave).. GRANULATE CUTWORM (Feltia subterranea) - CALIFORNIA - Continued a major pest of lawns in many locations in State and remained heavy in dichondra lawns in San Diego, San Diego County. (Cal. Coop. Rpt.). WHITE GRUBS .- NEW MEXICO - Light and damaged fescue lawns at Las Cruces, Dona Ana County. (N. Mex. Coop. Rpt.). FRUIT INSECTS CALIFORNIA RED SCALE (Aonidiella aurantii) - CALIFORNIA - Heavy on citrus at Sanger, Fresno County, and light on an orange tree in Fillmore, Ventura County. (Cal Coop] Rpt»). A VINEGAR FLY (Drosophila melanogaster) - CALIFORNIA - Occurred in extremely larger numbers in fig orchards and dry yards than ever before experienced in Merced and Fresno Counties. Late-season warm weather is considered responsible. (Fig Institute). Fig Insects in California - Haptoncus luteolus far outnumbered Carpophilus hemipterus this season. Normally it is only 3-5 percent of the population but this season it ran 30-40 percent of populations infesting figs in Madera and Fresno Counties. (Fig Institute). SMALL CHESTNUT WEEVIL (Curculio auriger) - VIRGINIA - Damaged chestnuts on trees on a Franklin County farm. Det. W. H. Anderson. (Rowell, Tucker). WALNUT CATERPILLAR (Datana integerrima) - TEXAS - Light and attacked pecan trees near Greenville, Hunt County. (Davis). RED-NECKED CANE BORER (Agrilus ruficollis) - OKLAHOMA ~- Populations in Payne County brambles appear lower than in last 3 years. (Bieberdorf) . TRUCK CROP INSECTS CABBAGE LOOPER (Trichoplusia ni) - CALIFORNIA - Severe in lettuce plantings in the El Centro area, Imperial County. (Swift). DELAWARE - On cabbage in area of Kent County. (Burbutis, Conrad). NEW MEXICO - Again building up in lettuce fields in Eddy County. Damage as high as 30 percent in some Dona Ana County fields. (N. M. Coop. Rpt.). ak IMPORTED CABBAGEWORM (Pieris rapae) - DELAWARE - Present on cabbage in New Castle County. Prevalent to abundant on cabbage and cauliflower in area of Kent County, with heavy feeding on younger heads. (Burbutis, Conrad). CABBAGE APHID (Brevicoryne brassicae) - On brussel sprouts in New Castle County and one field of cabbage in Kent County. (Burbutis, Conrad). A LEAF MINER (Liriomyza sp.) - CALIFORNIA - Caused heavy mining of cauliflower plants in Watsonville area, Santa Cruz County. (Cal. Coop. Rpt., Oct. 31). BEAN LEAF ROLLER (Urbanus proteus) - FLORIDA - Larvae averaged 2-4 per plant in 10 acres of snap beans in an abandoned field at Hague, Alachua County. Det. W. P. Hunter. (Fla. Coop. Sur.). SPOTTED CUCUMBER BEETLE (Diabrotica undecimpunctata howardi) - DELAWARE - Present on spinach and carrots in Kent and New Castle Counties. (Burputis, Conrad) . A LEAFHOPPER (Ollarianus strictus) - CALIFORNIA - Adults heavy on asparagus plantings at El Centro, Imperial County. (Cal. Coop. Rpt.). COTTON INSECTS PINK BOLLWORM (Pectinophora gossypiella) - NEW MEXICO - Heavy in green bolls on about 300 acres and moderately heavy on 700 additional acres in southern Dona Ana County. Cotton gin lint cleaner insepctions of 54 gins in 5 counties revealed 336 pink bollworms from a total of 30,546 ginned bales. (N. M. Coop. Rpt.). WHITEFLIES - CALIFORNIA - Check of cotton fields in Mt. Signal-McCabe areas and Bard Valley, Imperial County, showed generally low population. Check of crumple leaf conditions in these areas showed that losses in yield of cotton previously reported as severe (CEIR 8(40):851) could not be substantiated at this time. Symptoms were readily found in most fields checked, with one stub cotton field showing nearly 100 percent infestation, while other fields showed 10-85 percent infected plants. (Cal. Coop. Rpt., Oct. 24). FOREST, ORNAMENTAL AND SHADE TREE INSECTS A SAWFLY (Neodiprion sp.) - NORTH CAROLINA - Large numbers of adults observed in area of Granville County where there was a severe outbreak in May 1958. Mating and oviposition observed and apparently has just begun as limited numbers of eggs were seen in needles. Four to 10 adults were swarming at 6-8 foot trees and large numbers in larger trees. (Jones, Farrier). A NITIDULID (Carpophilus sp.) - NEW MEXICO - Very abundant in chrysanthemums and roses in Dona Ana and Luna Counties. (N. M. Coop. Rpt.). COTTONY-CUSHION SCALE (Icerya purchasi) - TEXAS - Heavy on several ornamentals in Brazos County (Garner) and light to medium in Cherokee County (Chandler). EUONYMUS SCALE (Unaspis euonymi) - CALIFORNIA - Heavy on euonymus plants in Menlo Park, San Mateo County. (Cal. Coop. Rpt.). = 942; i= SCALE INSECTS - FLORIDA - Crypthemichionaspis ulmi (?) collected on elm at Sanford, Seminole County, May 28. Det. H. Morrison. If positive determination is obtained, this will constitute a new State record for this scale. (Fla. Coop. Sur.). OKLAHOMA - Aspidiotus pseudospinosus collected September 26 on Ilex sp. at Tulsa, Tulsa County, and October 1 on Amaranthus sp. in a store at Edmond, Oklahoma County, is new to the State. (Apt). APHIDS - NEW MEXICO - Rhopalosiphum rufomaculatum and Macrosiphoniella sanborni heavy on chrysanthemums in Dona Ana County. (N. M. Coop. Rpt.). THRIPS - NEW MEXICO - Light in roses and chayeen themums in southern counties. (N. M. Coop. Rpt.). INSECTS AFFECTING MAN AND ANIMALS HORN FLY (Siphona irritans) - OKLAHOMA - Averaged 25-75 per head of cattle in southern and south central parts of State. (VanCleave). A HORSE BOT FLY (Gasterophilus sp.) - OKLAHOMA - Egg laying light to medium on horses in southern part of State. (VanCleave). SCREW-WORM (Callitroga hominivorax) - MISSISSIPPI - Positive case reported from a farm at Port Gibson, Claiborne County, October 28. (Pate). A CATTLE LOUSE (Solenopotes capillatus) - VIRGINIA - Medium to heavy on dairy heifers in herd at Blacksburg, Montgomery County. (Turner) . BENNEFICIAL INSECTS PREDATORS - VIRGINIA - Soldier beetle larvae in large numbers around a home in Botetourt County (Morris, Leonard) and in large numbers around yards and houses and in hay fields in Essex County (Amos, Richardson). Arilus cristatus collected in Spotsylvania and Floyd Counties. (Morris, Kash, Talley) OKLAHOMA - Hippodamia convergens averaged 0.5-1l1 per sweep in alfalfa in southern and south central areas, Nabis sp. 0.2-0.8 and lacewings 0.2-0.5. (VanCleave). MISCELLANEOUS INSECTS BROWN-BANDED ROACH (Supella supellectilium) - NORTH DAKOTA - Two new home infestations reported from Fargo, Cass County. Spread continues in the State: (NOD. Ins} Rpt.) ORIENTAL COCKROACH (Blatta orientalis) - NORTH DAKOTA - Reported in a home at Linton, Emmons County. (N. D. Ins. Rpt.). CASEMAKING CLOTHES MOTH (Tinea pellionella) - TEXAS - Larvae caused damage to carpets in homes in Corpus Christi, Nueces County. (Reynolds). A LYCTUS BEETLE (Lyctus sp.) - OREGON - Damaged wooden furnishings in a home in Portland, Multnomah County. (Capizzi). A WEEVIL (Trachyphloeus bifoveolatus) - OREGON - Entered homes and caused concern to residents in Portland, Multnomah County, and Oregon City, Clackamas County. (Capizzi). =1 943) — A SUBTERRANEAN TERMITE - UTAH - Infesting a home at Vernal, Uintah County. (Knowlton) . CORRECTIONS CEIR 8(43) :902 - Delete Alypiodes geronimo (Barnes): species has been recorded from Arizona. CEIR 8(43) :908 - Change family name from Phalaenidae to Noctuidae following Plusia chalcites (Esp.) and Spodoptera mauritia (Bdv.). LIGHT TRAP COLLECTIONS Pseud. Agrot. Prod. Perid. Laphyg. Ala. Helio. unip. yps. ornith. marg. frug. argil. zea ARKANSAS Fayetteville 10/9-29 6 2 at 278 Kelso 10/9-29 14 14 ro) a 226 Morrilton 10/9-29 69 154 228 FLORIDA Gainesville 10/29-11/4 2 3 Quincy 10/21-27 1 2 INDIANA (Counties) Orange 10/18-21 22 60 2 25 2 7, Tippecanoe 10/23-30 18 19 Gi 11 LOUISIANA Baton Rouge 10/24-11/6 62 62 4 3 (00) 174 46 Franklin 10/28-11/3 2 2 5 it MISSISSIPPI *xState College 10/25-11/7 24 31 1 1 11 110 NEBRASKA Alliance 10/6-26 127 6 15 al 67 North Platte 10/10-30 1814 916 5 287 445 2685 Scotts Bluff 10/14-11/3 276 55 66 52 SOUTH CAROLINA Charleston10/27-11/9 39 38 4 1 10 2 6 Clemson 10/25-31 5 11 i 1 3 1 Florence 10/26-11/1 20 10 4 1 1 il! TENNESSEE (Counties) Blount 10/21-11/3 6 6 al 2 3 Cumberland 10/21-11/3 ALi7/ 88 ak 3 2 1 37 Greene 10/21-27 26 15 4 al 4 2 13 Johnson 10/21-11/3 16 akal 3 7 3 1 12 Madison 10/21-11/3 10 ial 27 3 21 Maury 10/21-11/3 49 46 7 4 8 2 19 Robertson 10/21-11/3 36 66 ©) 4 6 20 48 TEXAS Waco 10/25-31 U7 12 55 1198 36 *Two traps - State College - 944 - SUMMARY OF INSECT CONDITIONS - 1958 Reported by G. F. Knowlton, D. W. Davis, H. E. Dorst, H. F. Thornley, B. A. Haws and County Agricultural Agents The season of 1958 was one of extreme insect and mite activity. Beet leafhopper and the curly-top virus disease were responsible for the loss of approximately 85 percent of the tomatoes planted in the State. In addition it reduced sugar beet tonnages measurably and killed out large acreages of other susceptible crops. False chinch bugs were the most abundant and general they had been in 35 years. Pea aphid and spider mites were especially damaging to deciduous tree fruits, berry crops, shade trees and ornamentals. Lygus bugs, alfalfa weevil, forest tent caterpillar, Say stink bug, thrips on grains and alfalfa, codling moth, peach twig borer, corn earworm, mites on corn, many aphids in spring, and pea aphid all season, rose and Virginia-creeper leafhoppers, white grubs in lawns, cattle lice, house flies, mosquitoes and boxelder bug were among the species much more damaging than normal. Cereal and Forage Insects: GRASSHOPPERS caused substantial crop and range losses, estimated at $570,420. Considerable control resulted in an estimated saving of $345,850. Control was carried out in cropland largely by farmers, ranchers, orchardists and home gardeners. The most damaging grasshopper species were Melanoplus bilituratus, M. bivittatus, M. femur-rubrun, M. packardi, M. borealis, Camnula pellucida and Aulocara elliotti. Cooperative programs controlled grasshoppers over an area of 110,000 acres, in protecting an estimated 340,000 acres. MORMON CRICKET (Anabrus simplex) was aircraft baited and controlled over 26,258 acres of rangelands in San Juan, Piute and Uintah Counties, in time to prevent economic losses. A total of 11,150 acres were infested at egg-laying time, threatening outbreaks during 1959. SPOTTED ALFALFA APHID (Therioaphis maculata) caused most serious damage to alfalfa crops over the southern one-half of the State, with some control in Washington and Millard Counties. Estimated loss of alfalfa hay, seed and new plantings is placed at $95,000 compared with an estimated $780,000 loss during 1955, $500,000 loss in 1956 and $165,000 loss in 1957. The aphid moved northward as far as Tooele, Salt Lake, Carbon and Emery Counties. PEA APHID (Macrosiphum pisi) caused substantial losses of forage alfalfa hay and reduced seed production in several areas. Many outbreaks developed in spring and early summer and damage continued until late fall. Injury to canning peas was light generally. LYGUS BUGS (largely Lygus elisus, L. hesperus and L. desertus) were very abundant on seed alfalfa and seed beet crops in most areas, resulting in economic losses wherever control was delayed or omitted. SUPERB PLANT BUG (Adelphocoris superbus) was in normal numbers in alfalfa. SWEETCLOVER WEEVIL (Sitona cylindricollis) has spread to all counties of Utah, except Daggett County. Damage was less conspicuous than during 1954 and 1955. ALFALFA WEEVIL (Hypera postica) caused severe damage to much untreated alfalfa acreage. Benefit from control is estimated to exceed $560,000. ALFALFA CATERPILLAR (Colias philodice eurytheme) caused local crop injury in several counties. A TORTRICID (Tortrix pallorana) caused scattered seed crop injury, largely in northern areas. ARMY CUTWORM (Chorizagrotis auxiliaris) damaged less alfalfa and range plants in spring than normal. WESTERN YELLOW-STRIPED ARMYWORM (Prodenia praefica) damage to some alfalfa, tomato and truck crops in Cache, Box Elder, Weber, Davis and Millard Counties was estimated at $84,000. Damage by P. ornithogalli occurred in many southern and south central areas. OA Ow VARIEGATED CUTWORM (Peridroma margaritosa) caused local damage to alfalfa in Juab, Piute and Millard Counties. ALFALFA LOOPER (Autographa californica) caused scattered, moderate damage. BROWN WHEAT MITE (Petrobia latens) was less damaging, particularly after spring rains ended. Damage was most severe in Juab and San Juan Counties. CORN LEAF APHID (Rhopalosiphum maidis) caused damage to spring barley in several counties. Injury to corn was light. An ORCHARD GRASS APHID (Hyalopteroides dactylidis) damaged this grass in local areas. ENGLISH GRAIN APHID (Macrosiphum granarium) caused less than normal damage to small grains. SWEETCLOVER APHID (Myzocallidium riehmi) was general but not economic. MIRIDS (largely Stenotus binotatus and Leptopterna ferrugatus) damaged grasses and small grains in local areas. SAY STINK BUG (Chlorochroa sayi) caused very extensive damage to small grains and to alfalfa seed crops, estimated to exceed $1,000,000. Repeated migrations were noted about the State from May into early September. A FALSE CHINCH BUG (Nysius sp.) was extremely numerous on range and about alfalfa and grain fields, roadsides, etc. CORN EARWORM (Heliothis zea) caused extensive damage to sweet corn and moderate to serious injury to field corn throughout Utah. Infestations varied from 80 to 100 percent where no control was applied. Mite damage to corn was unusually severe over much of the State. Local injury occurred from wheat straw-worm, wireworms, false wireworms, corn sap beetles, thrips and flea beetles in scattered localities. WESTERN HARVESTER ANT (Pogonomyrmex occidentalis) caused usual damage to range and forage crop lands CLOVER SEED CHALCID (Bruchophagus gibbus) caused approximately normal economic damage. CLOVER SEED WEEVIL (Miccotrogus picirostris) was found in Cache County, apparently new to the State. Fruit Insects: Aphid infestations on fruits generally were above normal. WOOLLY APPLE APHID (Eriosoma lanigerum) , A LEAF-CURL APHID (Anuraphis helichrysi) , ROSY APPLE APHID (Anuraphis roseus) and GREEN APPLE APHID (Aphis pomi) were conspicuously damaging in many localities. CODLING MOTH (Carpocapsa pomonella) infestations in well-sprayed orchards sometimes ran five to twenty percent; unsprayed or poorly sprayed orchards often were 100 percent "'wormy"'. SPIDER MITES were commonly severe in apple and pear orchards and on raspberry and red currant crops. Bryobia praetiosa complex was generally less numerous and less damaging in orchards this season. Eotetranychus willamettei was present in some localities, especially on apples. Tetranychus mcdanieli was highly injurious in many apple and sour cherry orchards in Weber and Box Elder Counties. It caused severe damage to raspberry and red currant foliage in a number of counties. Panonychus ulmi was well above normal in northern orchards. Tetranychus canadensis infested a few orchards. PEAR LEAF BLISTER MITE (Eriophyes pyri) was extremely damaging, particularly to a few large orchards in Utah County. PEACH SILVER MITE (Vasates cornutus) and A PLUM NURSERY MITE (V. fockeui) were occasionally. damaging, especially in Washington and Utah Counties. A CHERRY RUST MITE was sometimes injurious in Utah County. Mite injury, in general, was very much above average in orchards and berry patches. LEAFHOPPERS often varied from numerous to abundant on apple, plum and prune, and in fall on raspberries in some localities. A GEMINATE LEAFHOPPER (Colladonus geminatus) again was low in numbers in alfalfa fields and orchards. SAN JOSE SCALE (Aspidiotus perniciosus) was locally damaging. PEAR-SLUG (Caliroa cerasi) caused moderate to sometimes severe damage to cherry, pear and plum foliage. CALIFORNIA PRIONUS (Prionus californicus) damaged roots of some fruit trees in northern counties. CATFACING INSECTS caused moderate damage. Damage to ripe fruits by BOXELDER BUG (Leptocoris trivittata) was well above normal in northern and central Utah. PEACH TREE BORER (Sanninoidea exitiosa) and WESTERN PEACH TREE BORER (Ss. e. graefi) caused general damage to stone fruit orchards throughout the State. PEACH TWIG BORER (Anarsia lineatella) caused above average damage quite generally to fruits and twigs. PEAR THRIPS (Taeniothrips inconsequens) was moderately numerous in cherry and pear orchards in spring. CHERRY FRUITWORM (Grapholitha packardi) was not common in - 946 - cherries this season. CLIMBING CUTWORMS damaged occasional orchards in Box Elder, Salt Lake and Weber Counties, with scattered local damage elsewhere. SHOT HOLE BORER (Scolytus rugulosus) caused local damage, especially in weakened cherry, apricot and peach trees. WALNUT HUSK FLY (Rhagoletis completa) again caused economic damage to the English walnut crop at Ogden, and appeared for the first time in black walnuts at Provo. WESTERN GRAPE LEAF SKELETONIZER (Harrisina brillians) was again almost completely controlled by insect parasites and predators. GRAPE BERRY MOTH (Paralobesia viteana) damaged grapes in a few Washington County vineyards. Several species of CURRANT APHIDS caused about normal damage with above normal injury to red currant foliage by Capitophorus ribis. CURRANT FRUIT FLY (Epochra canadensis) generally infested black and yellow currants. A CURRANT PSYLLID was common but rarely severe. MAGGOTS again produced galls in chokecherry fruits in Logan, Blacksmith Fork, Ogden, Parleys and Bountiful Canyons. ROSE STEM GIRDLER (Agrilus rubicola) and RASPBERRY ROOT BORER (Bembecia marginata) damaged a number of raspberry patches in Box Elder, Salt Lake, Utah and Davis Counties. STRAWBERRY LEAF ROLLER (Ancylis comptana fragariae) caused above normal injury, especially in north central counties. STRAWBERRY CROWN MOTH (Ramosia bibionipennis) larvae killed some new raspberry plants, damaged a large number of red currant canes at Huntington and many dewberry canes at Providence. ROOT WEEVILS (Brachyrhinus ovatus, B. rugosostriatus and sometimes B. sulcatus) damaged untreated strawberry patches commonly, with moderate injury to roots of raspberry, some other cane fruits and occasionally roses and privet hedge at Springville. Nut Insects: WALNUT HUSK FLY (Rhagoletis completa) caused moderate damage in the Ogden area and late in the season was found in black walnut husks at Provo. APHIDS severely infested pecans in southern Utah, English walnuts at Moab and were moderate elsewhere. A FILBERT APHID caused its usual infestation to filberts. Moderate MITE injury to nut tree foliage was sometimes noted. Truck Crop Insects: TOMATO FRUITWORM (Heliothis zea) population was very low. A "Statement of Outlook" was issued on July 28th, to canners and canning crop growers. This indicated that the tomato fruitworm infestation would be light and insecticide applications to tomatoes not warranted. CORN EARWORM (Heliothis zea) was serious on early market corn, so canning corn growers were informed that an increase in infestation was expected by mid-August. It was indicated that insecticide applications would be warranted, particularly in Utah County. Approximately 50 percent of the northern canning corn acreage was treated, 70 percent in Utah County, where one canning company applied insecticides to about 2000 acres. Control started in July and continued into early September. Damage was severe to late season canning corn. The infestation was the highest it has been since 1952. One hundred percent infestation was common when not controlled. TOMATO RUSSET MITE (Vasates lycopersici) was not damaging. LYGUS BUGS (predominantly Lygus elisus) were very abundant on sugar beet seed crops in southern and northern areas in spring of 1958. This and SAY STINK BUG were comtrolled on all southern seed beet plantings and on a portion of the acreage in northern Utah. The late winter population of BEET LEAFHOPPER (Circulifer tenellus) and host plant area was large in northern Mexico, southwestern Arizona, southeastern California, southern Nevada and southern Utah. A "Statement of Outlook" was issued February 27, and substantiated in the Report of April 11, that the expected movement of the beet leafhopper in late April and May would be approximately 1500 times larger than in 1957 and 30 times larger than in 1952. The movement started May 6. Population on sugar beets averaged 1.0 leafhopper per square foot of beet row by May 15. It increased to 8 leafhoppers per foot of beet row the last week of May and first week of June. Populations were the highest since the destrucitve outbreak of 1926. Damage to tomatoes, sugar beets, potatoes, beans, cucumbers, squash and other susceptible crops is estimated to well exceed $1,000,000. Some potato fields intended for seed certification could not be certified due to beet leafhopper transmitted curly-top disease. VINEGAR FLY (Drosophila OAs melanogaster) population in tomato fields was lower than 1957, until mid- September and early October, when the population became heavy. Heaviest populations originated near orchards where substantial fruit droppings occurred or where culled fruit was discarded. APHIDS were about normal on vegetable crops in spring, below normal in mid-summer. SIX-SPOTTED LEAFHOPPER (Macrosteles fascifrons) , and A LEAFHOPPER (Empoasca filamenta) caused occasional damage in local areas. Melons in southern Utah were damaged by large populations of the latter species. A BLACK FLEA BEETLE again damaged sweet corn throughout the season in Washington County. Some damage occurred in other southern counties, and in a few spots farther north. FLEA BEETLE damage generally was moderate to normal in gardens, with an occasional potato and sugar beet field severely attacked. MELON APHID (Aphis gossypii) damage to cucumbers, squash and cantaloups was below normal. DUSKY SAP BEETLE (Carpophilus lugubris) caused local injury to sweet corn in Utah County and in many other communities, largely in home gardens. Damage was greatest in southern and south central counties. SQUASH BUG (Anasa tristis) caused less than normal injury. SEED- CORN MAGGOT (Hylemya cilicrura) injury was occasionally severe in Washington County, usually normal elsewhere. ONION MAGGOT (H. antiqua) injury was common. CORN LEAF APHID (Rhopalosiphum maidis) damage was light on corn. TWO-SPOTTED SPIDER MITE damage sometimes was severe on canning and home garden sweet corn, being worse in some areas of field corn. Damaged celery in Box Elder County was conspicuous in the fall. POTATO TUBERWORM (Gnorimoschema operculella) was scarce in Washington and Iron Counties. COLORADO POTATO BEETLE (Leptinotarsa decemlineata) was more generally damaging in Weber and Davis Counties, and locally at Kanab. MEXICAN BEAN BEETLE (Epilachna varivestis) caused conspicuous damage in a number of northern and central counties. PEA WEEVIL (Bruchus pisorum) was numerous, requiring general control on canning peas. Spider mites, thrips and aphids caused some damage to beans. SPOTTED CUCUMBER BEETLE (Diabrotica undecimpunctata howardi) and STRIPED CUCUMBER BEETLE (Acalymma vittata) caused moderate damage to susceptible crops, particularly in southern Utah. ASPARAGUS BEETLE (Crioceris asparagi) and SPOTTED ASPARAGUS BEETLE (C. duodecimpunctata) caused normal damage in northern and some central counties. ONION THRIPS (Thrips tabaci) injury to onions was common. CUTWORM damage was common in spring but lower during mid and late-summer. WESTERN YELLOW-STRIPED ARMYWORM (Prodenia praefica) caused damage to tomatoes, beets and home gardens in a number of northern localities, usually when larvae migrated from heavily infested alfalfa fields. HORNWORMS (Protoparce spp.) caused spotted, sometimes conspicuous damage to tomatoes and potatoes. IMPORTED CABBAGEWORM (Pieris rapae) damage was normal, with CABBAGE LOOPER (Trichoplusia ni) injury above average. GARDEN CENTIPEDE attacked home gardens and occasionally commercial crops in scattered central and northern localities. Shade Tree Insects: FOREST TENT CATERPILLAR (Malacosoma disstria) caused extensive damage to foliage of maples, poplars, willows and other shade trees and also to ornamentals, especially in northern areas. APHIDS on shade trees were unusually troublesome during spring. A COTTONWOOD BLOTCH LEAF MINER (Paraleucoptera albella) caused much less conspicuous damage in the Sevier-Piute County area, along the Sevier River and Clear Creek Canyon. Leaf miners conspicuously infested quaking aspen foliage in a number of northern mountain areas, but less extensive damage occurred than in 1956 and 1957, while poplar and cottonwood leaf miner infestations were noted in scattered communities. A BOXELDER LEAF ROLLER (Archips negundana) caused only local damage. BOXELDER PSYLLID (Psylla negundinis) generally was moderate. NORWAY-MAPLE APHID (Periphyllus lyropictus), A LEAF-CURL ASH APHID (Prociphilus fraxinifoliae) and several other aphids caused less than normal damage to shade trees. Willows and narrow leaf poplars were sometimes severely infested with aphids, with POPLAR VAGABOND APHID (Mordwilkoja vagabunda) serious in parts of the Uintah Basin. GREAT BASIN TENT CATERPILLAR (Malacosoma fragilis) caused below normal injury in Washington, Kane and San Juan Counties to poplars and other susceptible trees and shrubs. COOLEY SPRUCE GALL APHID (Chermes cooleyi) i048 caused below normal damage. LOCUST BORER (Megacyllene robiniae) damage increased in Salt Lake County, killing and damaging many trees. LEAFHOPPER injury to elms was above normal. OYSTERSHELL SCALE (Lepidosaphes ulmi) caused extensive injury especially to ash, poplar, willows and lilacs. A MITE (Eotetranychus weldoni) caused substantial injury to weeping willow and black willow foliage. ELM LEAF BEETLE (Galerucella xanthomelaena) was particularly destructive to elm foliage in Salt Lake and Weber Counties. Insects of Ornamentals: LEAFHOPPERS (Erythroneura ziczac, E. elegans and spp.) again extensively damaged Virginia creeper foliage during late summer and fall in many communities. Leaves frequently were brown and dead before late August. ROSE LEAFHOPPER (Edwardsiana rosae) discolored foliage of cultivated roses generally, becoming numerous on spirea in fall in some nothern localities. SPIREA APHID (Aphis spiraecola) , POTATO APHID (Macrosiphum solanifolii), ROSE APHID (M. rosae) and other aphids were among those which injured ornamentals during the season. JUNIPER SCALE (Diaspis carueli) caused severe damage in some parts of Box Elder, Emery and Salt Lake Counties. A WESTERN FLOWER THRIPS was again abundant in most cultivated and wild-flower blossoms. EUROPEAN EARWIG (Forficula auricularia) caused its usual widespread annoyance and some damage about homes and gardens over most of the State. WHITE GRUBS damaged numerous lawns in more counties and communities than usual. BEET LEAFHOPPER damage to petunia was moderate to severe in Davis and Weber Counties. Insects Affecting Livestock: CATTLE LICE caused extensive damage generally over the State with many herds being severely infested. CATTLE GRUBS (Hypoderma lineatum and H. bovis) caused substantial but normal damage. HORSE BOTS were common and bot flies very annoying to horses in a number of localities. HORN FLY (Siphona irritans) , STABLE FLY (Stomoxys calcitrans) , HORSE FLIES, DEER FLIES and BLOW FLIES caused common and about average annoyance to livestock. HOUSE FLY (Musca domestica) numbers and annoyance were excessive over the State, expecially in late summer and fall. MOSQUITOES were troublesome in spring and summer, with some equine encephalitis developing in horses in several counties. POULTRY MITES and LICE and HOG LICE were fairly common, sometimes present in abundance. EAR TICK (Otobius megnini) caused local livestock damage in a few counties. TICKS, particularly Dermacentor andersoni, were numerous during spring on cattle and horses, and attacked persons on rangelands. A SARCOPHAGID (Wohlfahrtia opaca) larvae sometimes attacked livestock, kit mink and other animals. A SNIPE FLY (Symphoromyia hirta) seriously annoyed man and cattle in some canyons. SHEEP KED (Melophagus ovinus) was abundant and injurious generally, especially on lambs and in winter. Maggots also caused damage. Man and Household: HOUSE FLY was commonly very numerous throughout the State in cities, towns, on farms and in establishments handling food. CLUSTER FLY (Pollenia rudis) invaded many homes in fall. COCKROACHES infested many commercial establishments and various homes, apartments, motels, etc. A few BED'BUG infestations were noted. Clover. mite was especially troublesome in many counties during late winter and spring. A tiny BAGWORM (Apterona crenulella) infested the outside of a few northern homes, as well as ornamentals and fruit trees about homes, but chief damage was to range plants in Cache, Box Elder, Rich, Summit and Weber Counties. STORED-FOOD INSECTS in homes caused damage and annoyance in pantries, kitchens and to stored foods. Such damage extended to granaries,livestock feeds. A SUBTERRANEAN TERMITE again damaged many homes and other buildings in various parts of the State. Termite damage becomes more extensive each year. BITING MIDGES were extremely trouble- some in many localities for a 2 to 5 week period during the summer. Some of the worst annoyance occurred about the Great Salt Lake, parts of Millard and Juab Counties. Locally elsewhere. MOSQUITOES were unusually troublesome in spring and in many areas throughout the season. The outbreak of encephalitis in northern counties caused concern about the mosquito problem, particularly in Davis, Weber, Salt Lake, Utah, Box Elder and Cache Counties. BLACK WIDOW SPIDER (Latrodectus mactans) was frequently found about homes and farm buildings. OA Ol INSECTS NOT KNOWN TO OCCUR IN THE UNITED STATES LEMON BUTTERFLY (Papilio demoleus (L.)) Economic Importance: This papilionid is widely distributed from Africa to northern Australia and is sometimes a destructive pest of citrus in several areas, especially to young nursery plants. It also sometimes causes serious damage to older plants, stripping the leaves when larvae are numerous. Cultivated and wild citrus are considered the most important hosts, certain varieties being more readily attacked at different locations. Several subspecies of P. demoleus are known, P. d. demoleus and P. d. malayanus, being considered major pests in the Indian area. ie Distribution: Range extends from Formosa and China to Iran, Arabia and the whole of Africa. Also occurrs in the smaller Sunda Islands to northern Australia and southern New Guinea; absent from the Philippines, larger Sunda Islands, Celebes and the Moluccas. Hosts: Larval feeding occurs on leaves of cultivated and wild citrus, baelfruit, Chinabox jasminorange, curryleaftree, Malaytea scurfpea, atalantia, Malay glycosmis and common jujube. In Ceylon, larvae prefer leaves of Ferronia elephantum. General Distribution of Papilio demoleus (Papilionidae, Lepidoptera) No. 66 of Series =D O05 — Life History and Habits: Eggs are laid on leaves, usually singly, but sometimes in groups of 2 or 3. Hatching occurs in 3 days, larval feeding beginning almost immediately. There are usually 5 larval instars, occasionally only 4 occur. Pupation takes place on the underside of a leaf or against a stalk or twig, the supporting loop of the chrysalis rather short. Occasionally larvae may migrate to other plants to pupate. The butterflies have a quick, strong flight, rising very little above the ground. They prefer the flowers of citrus and Raphanus. The total life-cycle varies from 20 to 100 days in summer. Hibernation takes place in the pupal stage, but year-around reproduction is not uncommon in milder climates. Larvae throw out a red Y-shaped process from behind the head and emit a characteristic odor when distrubed. Description: Adults somewhat variable, depending on subspecies. Body, sides of head, lateral thoracic stripes pale yellow. Forewing above base dotted with pale yellow, dots uniting into transverse lines; large cell-patch, usually divided into 2 spots, at upper angle of cell 2 or 3 spots; a macular discal band, upper spots small and far apart, posterior ones large and usually contiguous; band on hindwing not interrupted; both wings with row of submarginal spots and small marginal lunules, hindwing with red anal spot, not tailed. Egg pale-yellow; about 1 mm. in diameter. Young larva blackish, large V-spot in middle; lateral stripe from prothorax backwards, second stripe from anal ‘segment forwards, milky-white; several rows of setiferous processes. Mature larva yellow-green above, broad-greasy white lateral band from segment 5 to end. Greenish dorsal part of segments 2 to 5 bordered narrowly with curved black line which does not reach base of legs; abdomen and legs a dirty transparent white. Segments 8 and 9 with diagonal yellow-brown band reaching from center of 9 near dorsum to anterior margin of segment 8; similar patch at posterior lower margin of segment 1@. Prolegs large and fleshy. Length 33 mm. width 7 mm. Pupal color variable. Length 30 mm.; width 10 mn. (Prepared in Plant Pest Survey Section in cooperation with other ARS agencies and the U. S. N. M.) CEIR 8(46) 11-14-58 Adult of Papilio demoleus demoleus (L.)) Figure (except map) from Talbot, G. 1939. The Fauna of British India including Ceylon and Burma. Butterflies. Vol. 1, 589 pp. London. en PLANT PEST CONTROL vi : L CONTROL Wt é AGRICULTURAL RESEARCH SERVICE — “AGRICULTURAL PLANT PEST CONTROL DIVISION — PLANT PEST SURVEY SECTION The Cooperative Economic Insect Report is issued weekly as a service to American Agriculture. Its contents are compiled from information supplied by cooperating State, Federal, and industrial entomologists and other agricultural workers. In releasing this material the Division serves as a clearing house and does not assume responsibility for ac- curacy of the material. Reports and inquiries pertaining to this release should be mailed to: Plant Pest Survey Section Plant Pest Control Division Agricultural Research Service United States Department of Agriculture Washington 25, D. C. Volume 8 November 21, 1958 Number 47 COOPERATIVE ECONOMIC INSECT REPORT Highlights of Insect Conditions SPOTTED ALFALFA APHID counts highest for year in eastern Kansas. (p. 953). AN AUSTRALIAN SOD FLY becoming serious pest of lawns in San Francisco, California. (p. 954). High catch of adult SOUTHERN POTATO WIREWORM at Charleston, South Carolina. (p. 955). WHITE-PINE SAWFLY defoliating white pine plantings near Clemson, South Carolina. (p. 955). INSECT DETECTION: Walnut husk fly taken for first time in Santa Cruz County, California. (p. 954). INSECTS not known to occur in the United States. (p. 959). FICCI ICICI IR IR I RO I aK a ak ak a ak 2k ak Reports in this issue are for the week ending November 14, unless otherwise designated. = 952 = WEATHER BUREAU 30-DAY OUTLOOK MID-NOVEMBER TO MID-DECEMBER 1958 The Weather Bureau's 30-day outlook for the period mid-November to mid-December calls for temperatures to average above Seasonal normals over the eastern half of the nation and below normal over the western half except for near normal along the California coast. Greatest departures are indicated in the northern Rocky Mountain States and the middle Appalachian area. Precipitation is expected to exceed normal over most areas lying between the Great Basin and the Appala- chians with occasional snows in the Northern Plains and Rocky Mountain States. Subnormal precipitation is indicated for the South Atlantic States and California. In unspecified areas near normal amounts are anticipated. Weather forecast given here is based on the official 30-day "Resume and Outlook”, published twice a month by the Weather Bureau. You can subscribe through Superintendent of Documents, Washington 25, D. C. Price $4,80 a year, $2.40 a half year. WEATHER OF THE WEEK ENDING NOVEMBER 17 Winter's snow and tropical heat are using our Nation for a battle ground. Abnormally warm weather entrenched in the Southeast spread record and near- record temperatures through many eastern states. Tampa, Florida, had record-high temperatures for so late in the year for 3 consecutive days. Records were also broken in Georgia, the Carolinas, Tennessee, Arkansas, Missouri, Kentucky, and Ohio. New England had the warmest week since mid-October. At the other extreme, subzero temperatures have been reported from high spots in northern Nevada and in the Rocky Mountain and Plains States. On Monday the 17th, record-cold ; temperatures for so early in November were reported from Prescott, with 9° and at Tucson, Arizona, and Santa Maria, California, both with 24°. Snow fell in most areas west of a line from the upper Mississippi Valley to western Texas and reached as far south as Douglas, Arizona, on the Mexican Border. Relatively low altitudes of the mountains of southern California had light snow flurries. Snow depths ranged up to 10 inches or more at Flagstaff, Arizona, and a number of places in more northern States, and reached nearly 3 feet in the Cascades. Snow spread slowly from the West into the northerly Plains States and Mississippi Valley and was accompanied by considerable high drifting winds, blizzard, and near-blizzard conditions through much of the Plains States. Drifts 3 feet deep occurred in parts of residential Bismarck, North Dakota, and drifts blocked roads in Kansas and in other States.. Snow fell at the rate of 2 inches per hour at some of the mountain stations in central Wyoming. On Monday the 17th, as the cold air pushed into Texas, peak gusts to 104 m.p.h., were reported at Childress, Texas. Numerous thunderstorms and some tornadoes have occurred in an area from southeast New Mexico to LouiSiana and north through the middle Mississippi Valley during the week. These are being pushed eastward by the first severe winter storm of the season. The middle Mississippi Valley has received good soaking rains, the heaviest general rains in about a month. The snows which had fallen earlier in the week in the Northeast with over a foot of snow there, had mostly melted leaving only a few patches on the ground in extreme northern Maine. In the Pacific Northwest, snows the first part of the week built up to a depth of 20 inches at Stampede Pass, Washington, this was followed by rain during the mid-week which melted the snows there down to a remaining depth of 10 inches. However, still later in the week snows reappeared in the mountains, and by Monday morning depths up to near 3 feet were reported in the Cascades.: The precipitation and melting snows brought some flooding which was mostly limited to lowland pastures and farmlands in western Washington. Temperatures through Sunday in most of the area from the Plains States eastward averaged 6° or more above normal and 12° or more above normal from north central Texas Weather continued on Page 958 - 953 - CEREAL AND FORAGE INSECTS GRASSHOPPERS - ALABAMA - Several species damaged crimson clover in Chambers and Lee Counties. (Barwood). FLORIDA - Abundant in locations of Osceola County, light to medium on grasses in Brevard County and on decline in Seminole and Hillsborough Counties. (Fla. St. Plt. Brd., Oct. Rpt.). TEXAS - Very light in Dallam and Hartley Counties. Melanoplus bilituratus attacked wheat in Hutchin- son County, with 4-6 adults per square yard. Marginal damage light. Eggs easily found in margins, but no egg laying noticed. (Russell). CORN LEAF APHID (Rhopalosiphum maidis) - ALABAMA - Heavy on grain sorghum in Lee County. (Guyton). OKLAHOMA - Averaged 1500-2000 in scattered heads in some fields of late grain sorghum in east central area of State. (VanCleave). SORGHUM MIDGE (Contarinia sorghicola) - OKLAHOMA - Damage averaged 20-30 percent in some fields of late grain sorghum in Wagoner and Muskogee Counties. (VanCleave). SORGHUM WEBWORM (Celama sorghiella) - OKLAHOMA - Averaged 1-3 per head in some fields of late grain sorghum in east central part of State. (VanCleave). GREENBUG (Toxoptera graminum): - MARYLAND - Damaged young orchard grass seedlings at Clarksville, Howard County. Det. L. M. Russell. (U. Md., Ent. Dept.). OKLAHOMA - Infestations found in winter wheat at Welch, Muskogee and Wagoner. Populations ranged up to 50 per linear foot at Wagoner. (Curtis). TEXAS - Light and attacked wheat in Deaf Smith County. Heavy rust on volunteer and early sown wheat. (Thomas). ALFALFA WEEVIL (Hypera postica) - DELAWARE - Adults in alfalfa in Kent and New Castle Counties. Larvae averaged 3 per 10 sweeps in one alfalfa field in Kent County. (Burbutis, Conrad). PEA APHID (Macrosiphum pisi) - DELAWARE - Common to prevalent on red clover and alfalfa in New Castle and Kent Counties. (Burbutis, Conrad). OKLAHOMA - Averaged 1-25 per sweep in east central alfalfa fields. (VanCleave). SPOTTED ALFALFA APHID (Therioaphis maculata) - OKLAHOMA - Average per sweep, 0-3 in some east central alfalfa fields, 25-30 in Pawnee and Payne Counties. (VanCleave). KANSAS - Counts highest for year following extremely dry fall, with 100 to over 6000 per 5-plant sample in eastern one-third of State. (Burkhardt). MEADOW SPITTLEBUG (Philaenus leucophthalmus) - DELAWARE - Common on red clover and alfalfa in New Castle and Kent Counties. (Burbutis, Conrad). MARYLAND - Adults taken on red clover at Clarksville, Howard County. Eggs noted on wheat stems nearby, November 7. (U. Md., Ent. Dept.). PLANT BUGS - DELAWARE - Lygus lineolaris common to prevalent on red clover and alfalfa in New Castle and Kent Counties, and Adelphocoris rapidus up to common on same crops in New Castle County. (Burbutis, Conrad). ALABAMA - L. lineolaris heavy on grain sorghum in Lee County. (Guyton). OKLAHOMA - L. lineolaris averaged 1.5-3 per sweep in some east central alfalfa fields. (VanCleave). SPOTTED CUCUMBER BEETLE (Diabrotica undecimpunctata howardi) - DELAWARE - Common on red clover in New Castle County and on alfalfa in New Castle and Kent Counties. (Burbutis, Conrad). OKLAHOMA - Averaged 1-2.5 per sweep in some fields of alfalfa in east central part of State. (VanCleave). - 954 - POTATO LEAFHOPPER (Empoasca fabae) - DELAWARE - Common on alfalfa in New Castle and Kent Counties. (Burbutis, Conrad). ENGLISH GRAIN APHID (Macrosiphum granarium) - MARYLAND - Light on young orchard grass seedlings at Clarksville, Howard County. (U. Md., Ent. Dept.). A PLANTHOPPER (Sogata orizicola) - LOUISIANA - None found to date in survey of rice-growing parishes. Determinations made by J. P. Kramer. (Spink). A BURROWING BUG (Cyrtomenus mirabilis) - ALABAMA - Damaged roots of chufa grass in Butler County. (Hyche, Oct. 24). CHINCH BUGS - FLORIDA - Prevalent in north and central Brevard County and caused heavy damage in Sanford and Maitland areas of Seminole County. Infestation declined in Palm Beach County, but continued to damage St. Augustine grass in North Dade County and remained prevalent on same grass in central part of county. Continued a problem to homeowners in Tampa area and caused serious damage in St. Petersburg area. (Fla. St. Plt. Brd., Oct. Rpt.). GREEN JUNE BEETLE (Cotinis nitida) - NORTH CAROLINA - Larvae caused complete destruction of large areas in newly seeded pasture in Union County. (Morgan, Farrier). AN AUSTRALIAN SOD FLY (Metoponia rubriceps) - CALIFORNIA - Maggots are becoming a serious pest of lawns in San Francisco, where it was introduced several years ago. Grass in several lawns has been completely killed. (Kessell). FRUIT INSECTS BLACK PEACH APHID (Anuraphis persicae-niger) - ALABAMA - Heavy on peach trees in Lee County. (Guyton). WOOLLY APPLE APHID (Eriosoma lanigerum) - ALABAMA - Common on water sprouts of apple trees in Lee County. (Guyton). A LEAF ROLLER - TEXAS - Medium on plums in Harris County. (Marburger). PEACH TREE BORER (Sanninoidea exitiosa) - ALABAMA - Heavy on Lee County peach trees, borers varying from one-quarter to one-half inch in length. (Guyton). WHITE PEACH SCALE (Pseudaulacaspis pentagona) - ALABAMA - Heavy on peach trees in Escambia County. (Grimes). BLACK-MARGINED APHID (Monellia costalis) - CALIFORNIA - Adults heavy on pecan in Riverside and Blythe areas of Riverside County, light in Fullerton, Orange County, and medium in Ontario, San Bernardino County. (Cal. Coop. Rpt.). BLACK PECAN APHID (Melanocallis caryaefoliae) - CALIFORNIA - Adults light on pecan trees in Fullerton, Orange County. (Cal. Coop. Rpt.). WALNUT HUSK FLY (Rhagoletis completa) - CALIFORNIA - Adult taken in a trap in Burrell area of Santa Cruz County, for first record for this county. (Cal CoopeuRDita)s =" 955 = Citrus Insect Situation, Lake Alfred, Florida, Second Week in November - PURPLE SCALE activity waS unchanged, with a downward trend expected in the next one or two weeks. FLORIDA RED SCALE activity declined in all districts, with decline expected to continue throughout the winter. CITRUS RED MITE showed a marked increase in activity with further increase expected. CITRUS RUST MITE activity showed a sharp rise on both leaves and fruit. This trend is expected to continue at least through November and will lead to high infestations for several weeks. (Fla. Coop. Sur.). TRUCK CROP INSECTS CABBAGE LOOPER (Trichoplusia ni) - LOUISIANA - Light to medium on cabbage in St. James and St. Landry Parishes. (Spink). CROSS-STRIPED CABBAGEWORM (Evergestis rimosalis) - LOUISIANA - Light on cabbage in St. James Parish. (Spink). IMPORTED CABBAGEWORM (Pieris rapae) - DELAWARE - Common on commercial cabbage plantings in Kent County. Mostly in younger and older plants at ends of rows. Also present in one large field of cauliflower. (Burbutis, Conrad). A LOOPER (Rachiplusia ou) - TEXAS - Medium to heavy on carrots in Cameron County. (Getzin, Deer). APHIDS - OKLAHOMA - Rhopalosiphum pseudobrassicae heavy on mustard greens in localized areas in Wagoner County. (VanCleave). SOUTH CAROLINA - Severe on turnips in Pendleton area of Anderson County. (Nettles). SOUTHERN POTATO WIREWORM (Conoderus falli) - SOUTH CAROLINA - Highest weekly catch of 326 adults since first week in October at Charleston light trap on November 2. (Day, Cuthbert, Reid). SLUGS - LOUISIANA - Numbers in mustard at La Place, St. John the Baptist Parish, sufficient to necessitate control. (Spink). FOREST, ORNAMENTAL AND SHADE TREE INSECTS SOUTHERN PINE BEETLE (Dendroctonus frontalis) - SOUTH CAROLINA - Active colony detected November 5 in dying shortleaf pine near Clemson, Pickens County. This is the first evidence this season in this area due mainly to heavy winter kill of previous high populations. (Fox). WHITE-PINE SAWFLY (Neodiprion pinetum) - SOUTH CAROLINA - Small but intense infestation in plantings of white pine near Clemson, Pickens County. Defoliation ranged light to complete. (Fox). FALL CANKERWORM (Alsophila pometaria) - WISCONSIN - Noted in the Madison area, Dane County. (Wis. Coop. Sur.). LESSER CANNA LEAF ROLLER (Geshna cannalis) - ALABAMA - Caused serious damage to leaves of cannas in Lee County. (Guyton). PUSS CATERPILLAR (Megalopyge opercularis) - TEXAS - Light on shade trees and ornamentals in Hidalgo County. (Deer). = 900s — SCALE INSECTS - MARYLAND - Lepidosaphes ulmi heavy on chestnut at Pooles- ville, Montgomery County. (U. Md., Ent.Dept., Nov. 10). ALABAMA - Ceroplastes ceriferus heavy on blueberry bushes in Lee County. (Guyton). NORTH CAROLINA - Ceroplastes sp. taken occasionally on boxwood in Richmond County. (Lewis, Farrier). A SPIDER MITE (Eotetranychus lewisi) - OREGON - Infested poinsettia in Clackamas and Multnomah Counties during October. Where not controlled, caused yellowing and speckling of foliage. Det. E. W. Baker. (Doucette). WASHINGTON - Moderate on poinsettia in several greenhouses in the Puget Sound area. Det. E. W. Baker. (Doucette). INSECTS AFFECTING MAN AND ANIMALS HORN FLY (Siphona irritans) - OKLAHOMA - Averaged up to 400 per head on some cattle in east central part of State. (VanCleave). SCREW-WORM (Callitroga hominivorax) - CALIFORNIA - Heavy infestation occurred in cattle, sheep and hogs in the Ione area of Amador County. Animals being checked daily and treated. (Plaister). ANTS - TEXAS - Solenopsis geminata annoying people in Harris County (Clinton) and Camponotus herculeanus pennsylvanicus in Colorado County. (Moore). STORED-PRODUCT INSECTS TOBACCO MOTH (Ephestia elutella) - VIRGINIA - Damaged cured tobacco on a Lunenburg County farm during October. Det. H. W. Capps. (Howell, Powers). INDIAN-MEAL MOTH (Plodia interpunctella) - MARYLAND - Infested large bin of wheat at Centerville, Queen Annes County. (U. Md., Ent. Dept., Nov. 10). CONFUSED FLOUR BEETLE (Tribolium confusum) - UTAH - Infesting stored barley and mill sweepings at Kingston, Piute County. (Knowlton, Buck). FLAT GRAIN BEETLE (Laemophloeus pusillus) - OKLAHOMA - Averaged 150 per quart of stored oats in Wagoner and Payne Counties. (VanCleave). GRANARY WEEVIL (Sitophilus granarius) - MARYLAND - Damaged wheat in large bin at Centerville, Queen Annes County. (U. Md., Ent. Dept., Nov. 10). HIDE BEETLE (Dermestes maculatus) - ALABAMA - Larvae and adults common in feed rooms in Lee County. (Guyton). BENEFICIAL INSECTS PREDATORS - OKLAHOMA - Hippodamia convergens averaged 0.4-1.2 per sweep in some east central alfalfa fields, Nabis spp. 0.4-1 and lacewings 0.2-0.8. (Howell, VanCleave). = 957 — LIGHT TRAP COLLECTIONS Pseud. Agrot. Prod. Perid. Laphyg. Ala. Helio. unip. sh yps:. ornith. marg. frug. argil. zea FLORIDA Gainesville 11/5-12 il i 2 Quincy 10/28-11/3 1 3 LOUISIANA Baton Rouge 11/7-13 103 111 3 3 138 106 a Franklin 11/5, 10 tS MISSISSIPPI *State College 11/8-14 38 25 1 38 SOUTH CAROLINA Charleston 11/10-16 26 58 1 6 Florence 11/2-8 76 59 2 2 8 12 *Two traps - State College. - 958 - to Illinois. Below normal temperatures prevailed to the west of the Continental Divide. Most of the area showed departures of 3° to 9°. Weekly precipitation amounts through Sunday were under 1/2 inch over most of the Nation. Amounts exceeding 1 inch occurred from eastern Texas northeastward through the lower Great Lakes, from the Cascades to the Pacific coast, and at some Rocky Mountain stations. Mountain Home, Arkansas, measured 7.45 inches. (Summary supplied by U. S. Weather Bureau). - 959 - INSECTS NOT KNOWN TO OCCUR IN THE UNITED STATES VIOLET LEAF MIDGE* (Dasyneura affinis. (Kieffer)) Economic Importance: This pest causes serious damage to cultivated and wild violets in areas of Europe and Africa. Infestations have increased in Germany Since 1950. They have reached about 30 percent in plantings near Berlin, where they may cause loss of flower production. Heavy infestations cause distortion and dwarfing and sometimes death of the plant. Living pupae were found in the leaves of a violet plant in the mails from England at Hoboken, New Jersey, in 1954. Distribution: Widely distributed throughout Europe, being recorded in Sweden, Denmark, Hungary, Italy, Rumania, France, Portugal, Great Britain and Germany. Also known to occur in Algeria, Morocco and Egypt in North Africa. Hosts: Cultivated and wild Viola, including violets and pansies. Damage to Violet Life History and Habits: Females begin emerging from overwintering cocoons in the spring. They live from 3 days to one week and lay up to 98 eggs each. Eggs are laid in the leaf tissue along the margins of the older outer leaves or within the rolled edges of the younger leaves. Eggs laid in exposed dry positions die. Larvae hatch in 6 to 8 days at 68° F. and cause formation of hairy galls on the shoots and leaves. They feed gregariously inside the leaf, as many as 24 larvae being found in a single gall. There are generally 4 larval molts in France. The usual larval period lasts about 6 weeks except in the overwintering generation. The total larval period varies from a minimum of 27 days in the spring and summer to a maximum of about 7 months in the overwintering generation. The mature larva Spins a cocoon within the gall, although it may spin a cocoon elsewhere if General Distribution of Violet Leaf Midge * Also called Violet Leaf Rolling Gall Midge (Itonididae, Diptera). No. 67 of Series - 960 - necessary. Pupation takes place in the cocoons and lasts about 10-12 days. There are four generations a year in cooler climates and five in warmer climates. Temperatures of 68 to 86 degrees and a relative humidity of 80 to 95 percent are most favorable for development in Germany. Larval feeding causes the margins of leaves to curl upward, discolor and become malformed. Galls are recognizable about 8 to 11 days after the eggs are laid. Infested violets may be found year-round in Egypt. Description: Adult small, yellowish with blackish markings on head and thorax. Antennae long, 15-segmented; two basal segments short and broad, following ones narrow, cylindrical in female, pyriform and ended by long neck in male; surface appears pubescent. Maxillary palpi 4-segmented. Wings smoky, with squamulae, mainly at anterior edge. Subcostal vein rather short. Legs long and thin; first tarsal segment very short, last provided with two bifid claws and thick empodium. Egg yellowish-white, cylindrical, both extremities rounded, about 0.25 mm. long and 0.5 mm wide. Larva 14-segmented. Color variable; hyaline whitish, pale yellowish and pale pinkish according to instars. Mature larva about 2 mm. Dorsally, head cone-shaped and with antennae; base swollen. Antenna with small basal swelling, tiny terminal papilla. Ventrally, the third segment with bifurcated sternal spatula, Y-shaped and situated mid- ventrally on thorax. Pupa with cephalic teeth used in opening cocoon or gall. (Prepared in Plant Pest Survey Section in cooperation with other ARS agencies and the U. S. N. M.) CEIR 8 (47) 11-21-58 Larva, Pupa and Adult Figures (except map): Damage from Barnes, H. F. 1948. Gall Midges of Economic Importance. Vol. IV. Gall Midges of Ornamental Plants and Shrubs. 165 pp. London. Larva, pupa and adult from Zoheiry, M. S. El- 1944. Societe Fouad 1 D'Entomologie Bul. 28:113-118. ex as =v =) \ nt A ANT PEST CONTROL DIVISION bs wt LTURAL RESEARCH SERVICE t { j My vv an . @*? 9) : | $@eoee@ \ i ; { vi AGRICULTURAL RESEARCH SERVICE PLANT PEST CONTROL DIVISION PLANT PEST SURVEY SECTION ‘ a 4 4 4 i ee ate i The Cooperative Economic Insect Report is issued sf weekly as a service to American Agriculture. Its contents % oA are compiled from information supplied by cooperating State, Federal, and industrial entomologists and other agricultural 4 a i workers. In releasing this material the Division serves as oe es a clearing house and doesnot assume responsibility for ac- = pees curacy of the material. ike Pah rac ta Reports and inquiries pertaining to this release should be mailed to: Plant Pest Survey Section Plant Pest Control Division Agricultural Research Service United States Department of Agriculture Washington 25, D. C. Volume 8 November 28, 1958 Number 48 COOPERATIVE ECONOMIC INSECT REPORT Highlights of Insect Conditions PINK BOLLWORM heavier in Oklahoma than in any previous year. (p. 965). Survey in Minnesota indicates possible increase in area of heavy FOREST TENT CATERPILLAR infestation in 1959. (p. 966). A PINE TIP MOTH severe throughout eastern part of Texas. (p. 966). INSECT DETECTION: White-fringed beetles found for first time in Decatur County, Georgia. (p. 965). Pink bollworm reported for first time in 5 counties in Arkansas and in 2 parishes in Louisiana. (p. 965). Imported fire ant found for first time in one parish in Louisiana and 2 counties in Mississippi. (p. 969). A cucujid (Hemipeplus marginipennis) new to California. (p. 969). HIGHLIGHTS OF INSECT OCCURRENCE - 1958, CANADA (p. 971). The RICE DELPHACID, Sogata orizicola, and two closely related species. (p. 973). In the interest of the important rice disease "hoja blanca" and its only known vector, S. orizicola, an illustrative key for peparating this species from two other species of Sogata that are known to occur in the United States has been prepared by the Insect Identification and Parasite Introduction Laboratories, ENT, ARS. Separates are available on request. INSECTS not known to occur in the United States. (p. 975). FRC OO II IAI I I I a ak ak ak a ak Reports in this issue are for the week ending November 21, unless otherwise designated. = 1 962\— WEATHER OF THE WEEK ENDING NOVEMBER 24 The week, introduced by the first severe winter storm of the Season, with its accompanying blizzard or near-blizzard conditions in the Plains States and ad- jacent areas, ended more pleasantly with generally light winds, seasonal temper- tures and light precipitation which for the most part fell in the northern tier of States. Precipitation exceeded 2 inches in the coastal area of the Pacific Northwest, parts of the northern Rocky Mountain region, in a band from near Topeka, Kansas, to southern Wisconsin and in the vicinity of Cleveland, Ohio, where the 24-hour amount of 2.23 inches on the 18th and 19th exceeded the 15-year November record at Cleveland Airport. Less than $ inch fell over the greater share of the country and areas without measurable precipitation included southern California, most of Nevada and Arizona, south central Texas and con- tinued in the East from parts of North Carolina to western Florida. Temperatures averaged above normal east of the Plains States with departures of 6° or more in most sections. Weekly averages were 9° above normal in the lower Ohio Valley and parts of the Great Lakes and Northeast. Elsewhere, temperatures averaged from near normal to about 6° below normal, with most of the greatest departures in the Central and Southern Plateau region and averages for the week ranged down to 9° below normal at some stations in the Great Basin. On Monday, the 17th, the weather cleared over the Far West and temperatures fell to un- seasonably low levels with numerous below zero readings from Montana to Utah. Tuesday, the cold weather continued southward and Flagstaff and Tucson, Arizona, reported new record November low temperatures of -13° and 24°. Early in the week record or near-record heat waS experienced at many places in the East, from the Atlantic to the lower Mississippi and lower Great Lakes. On Wednesday, Buffalo, New York, had a record 74° for so late in the season; however, quite a change occurred as the cold front pushed by in the afternoon. This cold air, by the week end, brought considerably cooler weather to northern Florida. The severe storm with moderate to heavy snow in the Rocky Mountains and north- western Great Plains at the end of the previous week, deposited a heavy mantel of snow at the beginning of this week in North Dakota and northern Minnesota. High winds set new records at Minneapolis and Duluth, Minnesota, and were responsible for many injuries in that State and considerable property damage from eastern North Dakota to Michigan. Several Minnesota counties along the north shore of Lake Michigan were declared disaster areas. (Summary supplied by the U. S. Weather Bureau). - 963 - CEREAL AND FORAGE INSECTS GRASSHOPPERS - WISCONSIN - A total of 15,224 acres were treated for grasshopper control in the State. Estimated loss from grasshoppers was $178,500, while estimated savings from control were $345,000. (PPC, Cent. Reg., Oct. Rpt.). SORGHUM MIDGE (Contarinia sSorghicola) - OKLAHOMA - Overwintering larvae found in sample taken from heads of grain sorghum from a field at Stillwater; infesta- tion 12.2 percent. (Bryan). APPLE GRAIN APHID (Rhopalosiphum fitchii) - OKLAHOMA - Averaged 0-25 per linear foot in some fall seeded wheat fields in northeastern area. (VanCleave,Campbell). CORN LEAF APHID (Rhopalosiphum maidis) - OKLAHOMA - Averaged 0-25 per linear foot in some fields of fall seeded barley in northeastern area. (VanCleave, Campbell). TEXAS - Light on barley in Comanche County. (Hawkins). GREENBUG (Toxoptera graminum) - OKLAHOMA - All instars found, including winged adults, in fall seeded small grain fields in Ottawa, Delaware, Craig, Mayes, Wagoner, Rogers, Nowata, Washington, Tulsa, Osage, Pawnee, Kay, Noble, Payne and Logan Counties in northeastern area. Populations averaged up to 50-75 per linear foot in some localities; higher in clumps of volunteer plants. Total of 75 fields surveyed. (VanCleave, Campbell). TEXAS - Light on wheat in Deaf County (Thomas) and in Potter and Oldham Counties. (Daniels, Hawkins). CHINCH BUG (Blissus leucopterus) - WISCONSIN - Survey in southern and some northwestern counties gave negative results. (Wis. Coop. Sur.). ALFALFA WEEVIL (Hypera postica) - DELAWARE - Adults common in alfalfa and clovers in New Castle and Kent Counties with a few larvae being found in alfalfa. (Burbutis, Conrad). CLOVER ROOT CURCULIO (Sitona hispidula) - OREGON - Caused more damage to first-seed-crop-year alsike clover in Klamath County than any year during the observation period 1953 through 1958. (Dickason). DELAWARE - Adults unusually common in clovers and alfalfa in New Castle and Kent Counties. (Burbutis, Conrad). PEA APHID (Macrosiphum pisi) - OKLAHOMA - Averaged 5 per 25 sweeps in some alfalfa fields in northeastern area. (VanCleave). KANSAS - Averaged 25 per sweep on alfalfa in Cherokee County. (Peters). SPOTTED ALFALFA APHID (Therioaphis maculata) - OKLAHOMA - Averaged O-5 per sweep in some alfalfa fields in northeastern area (VanCleave) and 1.8-2.0 per sweep in field of alfalfa in Tillman County (Hatfield). VIRGINIA - Very heavy in 2 fields of seedling alfalfa and in one field of old alfalfa in Franklin County. One field of seedling alfalfa was so far gone that it was judged best to abandon it and re-seed in the spring of 1959. (Bishop, Tucker, Morris). TEXAS - Medium to heavy on alfalfa in Hunt County. (Davis). KANSAS - Averaged 10 per sweep on alfalfa in Cherokee County. (Peters). GREEN JUNE BEETLE (Cotinis nitida) - NORTH CAROLINA - Larvae infesting lawn in Macon County. (Fagg, Farrier). MARYLAND - Larvae making holes in lawns in Towson. (U. Md., Ent. Dept.). RHODES-GRASS SCALE (Antonina graminis) - TEXAS - Damaged St. Augustine grass in Hunt County. (Wheeless). —964— SOYBEAN CYST NEMATODE (Heterodera glycines) - MISSOURI - One new infested proper- ty was found near Portageville in Pemiscott County. KENTUCKY - A positive deter- mination was made from a soil Sample collected from a farm located near Hickman in Fulton County. (PPC, Cent. Reg., Oct. Rpt.). NORTH CAROLINA - An infesta- tion was found in Gates County, about one-tenth of a mile south of the Virginia State line. Infestations were confirmed on 2 properties involving 13 acres. Three additional properties were found infested in each of Pender and Pasquotank Counties. “(PPG, So. (Reg.., Oct. Rpt.) FRUIT INSECTS LESSER PEACH TREE BORER (Synanthedon pictipes) - ALABAMA - Moderate to heavy on Escambia County peach trees. (Grimes, Blake). PEACH TREE BORER (Sanninoidea exitiosa) - ALABAMA - Moderate to heavy on peach trees in Escambia County. Grimes, Blake). APPLE APHID (Aphis pomi) - NORTH CAROLINA - Infesting apple trees in Rowan County. (Satterwhite, Smith). HICKORY SHUCKWORM (Laspeyresia caryana) - TEXAS - Caused light damage to pecans in Dickens County. (Conner) . NAVEL ORANGEWORM (Paramyelois transitella) - CALIFORNIA - Medium in walnuts in Bakersfield, Kern County, and light on oranges in Otay, San Diego County. (Cale “Coop. Rpt.) A TWIG GIRDLER - TEXAS - Damaged pecans in Anderson County. (Hooper). CALIFORNIA RED SCALE (Aonidiella aurantii) - CALIFORNIA - Heavy on tangerine trees in Bakersfield, Kern County, and on lemon trees in Orland, Glenn County. (Cal Coop. Rpt.) OBSCURE SCALE (Chrysomphalus obscurus) - TEXAS - Damaged pecan trees in Wharton County. (Ragen). WHITE PEACH SCALE (PSeudaulacaspis pentagona) - ALABAMA - Peach orchard of over 500 trees in EScambia County has heaviest infestation of this scale observed in 1958 and continues to preSent a problem. (Grimes). YELLOW SCALE (Aonidiella citrina) - CALIFORNIA - Heavy on citrus in Orland, Glenn County, and on a lemon tree in Red Bluff, Tehama County. (Cale Coope. Rpiteoi. CITRUS BLACKFLY (Aleurocanthus woglumi) - MEXICO - Inspection of 50,641 trees on 1,965 properties in the States of Sonora, Nuevo Leon and Tamaulipas revealed 15 trees infested on 8 properties. (PPC, Mex. Reg., Oct. Rpt.). TRUCK CROP INSECTS PICKLEWORM (Diaphania nitidalis) - ALABAMA - Moderate on Squash in Escambia County. (Grimes, Blake). APHIDS - OKLAHOMA - Severe infestations, probably Myzus persicae, on Spinach in Arkansas River Valley between Haskell and Sequoyah Counties. (Washum). ENG) CABBAGE APHID (Brevicoryne brassicae) - ALABAMA - Numerous on broccoli, rape and collards in Lee County. (Guyton). CALIFORNIA - Numerous in untreated fields. (Campbell). POPLAR PETIOLE GALL APHID (Pemphigus populi-transversus) - ALABAMA - Severe on roots of turnips in Escambia and Baldwin Counties. (Grimes, Blake). TURNIP APHID (Rhopalosiphum pseudobrassicae) - OKLAHOMA - Heavy infestation on turnips in gardens in Payne, Logan, Lincoln and Osage Counties. (Howell). Killing turnips in Marshall County. (Vick). ALABAMA - Heavy on leaves of turnips in Escambia and Baldwin Counties (Grimes, Blake) and heavy on turnips in Lee County. (Guyton). SOUTHERN GREEN STINK BUG (Nezara viridula) - ALABAMA - Moderate numbers on tur- nips in Baldwin County. Few egg masses found. (Grimes, Blake). VEGETABLE WEEVIL (Listroderes costirostris obliquus) - ALABAMA - Larvae caused severe damage to turnips and mustard in Lee County. ~(Guyton). SWEETPOTATO WEEVIL (Cylas formicarius elegantulus) - Surveys in the program States revealed 73 new infestations in 16 counties and parishes. The heaviest outbreak occurred in Caddo Parish, LOUISIANA, north of Shreveport near Blanchard, where 21 infestations were found. No new counties or parishes were found infested. (PPC, So. Reg., Oct. Rpt.). WHITE-FRINGED BEETLES (Graphognathus spp.) - GEORGIA - Decatur County was found infested for the first time. An infestation on about 600 acres in northwestern Erwin County, although not new, was very heavy and caused severe damage to approximately 30 acres of sweetpotatoes. ALABAMA - Inspections in 14 counties were generally negative, except for locations in Chilton and Jefferson Counties. Eradication treatments of the Madison County infestation were progressing very satisfactorily. MISSISSIPPI - Surveys extended the infested areas in Marion and Walthall Counties. One extension was also found east of the known infested area at Bay Springs, Jasper County. FLORIDA - Inspections in 8 counties revealed no new infestations. Eradication work was carried out in 5 other counties. SOUTH CAROLINA - An additional 538 infested acres were found in the Myrtle Beach infestation. NORTH CAROLINA - Surveys in 17 counties revealed extensions in 6 counties totalling 403 acres. TENNESSEE - Additional infested acreage was found in the city of Memphis and also in the cities of Paris in Henry County and Lexington in Henderson County. (PPC, So. Reg., Oct. Rpt.). POTATO LEAFHOPPER (Empoasca fabae) - CALIFORNIA - Heavy on string beans in Spring Valley, San Diego County. (Cal. Coop. Rpt.). COTTON INSECTS PINK BOLLWORM (Pectinophora gossypiella) - ARKANSAS - Found for the first time in Ashley, Clay, Drew, Faulkner and White Counties, outside the regulated area. Specimens also recovered from Little River, Howard, Hempstead, Miller, Lafayette, Columbia, Clark and Crawford Counties. LOUISIANA - Larvae were found in 4 par- ishes outside the regulated area, Union and Lincoln Parishes had previously been infested, but Rapides and Grant Parishes were infested for the first time. OKLAHOMA - Inspections of gin trash, lint cleaners and gin stands revealed infestations in 18 counties and that infestations are heavier for 1958 than in any previous year. TEXAS - Inspection of 591 bushels of gin trash in 26 central and eastern counties resulted in finding 83,844 larvae, or an average of 141.75 per bushel, compared with 16.49 per bushel for 1957. The 1958 infestation, = 966) — percentage wise, is therefore about eight and one-half times heavier than in 1957. MISSISSIPPI - An intensive inspection program in the main cotton producing counties has been negative to date. (PPG; ‘So. Regs; Oct i Rpt.) MEXICO - Infestation has built up in the La Laguna region of Coahuila and Durango and in the Delicias zone of Chihuahua. In the La Laguna region it has been estimated that losses will run 10-15 percent. In Chihuahua, 30 lint cleaner inspections revealed 689 larvae at 7 of 14 locations, with 83 larvae found in 100 green bolls in one location. A total of 24 lint cleaner inspections in Durango recorded 558 larvae at the 13 locations inspected. In Coahuila, 18 lint cleaner inspections at 12 locations showed all infested with a total of 324 larvae. (PPC, Mex. Reg., Oct. Rpt.). FOREST, ORNAMENTAL AND SHADE TREE INSECTS ae eee ee EE BLACK TURPENTINE BEETLE (Dendroctonus terebrans) - ARKANSAS - Some infestations remained active in central portion of State. (Ark. For. Pest Rpt., Nov.). SOUTHERN PINE BEETLE (Dendroctonus frontalis) - TEXAS - No known active brood trees. Aerial and ground observations continued. (Young). IPS BEETLES (Ips spp.) - TEXAS - Considerable pine mortality reported in Trinity County. (Young). CALIFORNIA - I. plastographus heavy on Monterey pines at Watsonville, Santa Cruz County. (Cal. Coop. Rpt.). PINE BARK WEEVILS - ARKANSAS - Killed advanced pine reproduction in crop cut areas, but did not attack young seedlings. This infestation is near the Clarke-Pike County border in the same area in which weevils were active in the spring of 1958. (Ark. For. Pest Rpt., Nov.). FOREST TENT CATERPILLAR (Malacosma disstria) - MINNESOTA - Egg mass survey indicates possible increase in area of heavy defoliation in St. Louis County north of Duluth for 1959. Counts averaged 10.5 egg masses per tree in 21 plots over the entire area, with as high as 28 egg masses per tree in some plots. Complete defoliation can be expected with 10 egg masses per tree. (inn: sins!) Rpt Novel). ORANGE-STRIPED OAKWORM (Anisota senatoria) - TEXAS - Caused defoliation of red and white oaks in Burleson, Hardin, Jasper, Newton, Polk and Tyler Counties. (Young). A PINE TIP MOTH - TEXAS - Severe infestation reported throughout eastern part of the State. (young). PINE WEBWORM (Tetralopha robustella) - ARKANSAS - Appeared locally in scattered areas over the State. No serious feeding damage reported. (Ark. For. Pest Rpt: ; Nov.) A SAWFLY - TEXAS - Caused partial defoliation of pine and hardwoods in Tyler, Hardin and Polk Counties. An area estimated at 100 acres east of Honey Island seriously infested. (Young). APHIDS - UTAH - Extremely numerous on rose and some spirea in areas of Cache County. (Knowlton). OKLAHOMA - Rhopalosiphum rufomaculatum found on chrysan- themum at Lawton and Comanche. (Hatfield). CALIFORNIA - Populations of Eriosoma americanum high on elms in Woodland, Yolo County. (Cal: Coop. Rpt.oe = OOver— North America DISTRIBUTION OF FIR ENGRAVER (Scolytus ve in Western i (Wr x ‘ Wy | t Pest Leaflet 13, December 1956 Fores =. 968: — A LEAF ROLLER - TEXAS - Caused damage to ornamentals in Cameron County. (Richardson) . SCALE INSECTS - ALABAMA - Heavy infestation of all stages of Fiorinia theae on camellia and burford holly in Lee County. (Guyton). VIRGINIA - Unaspis euonymi heavy on euonymus plants in Amelia County and in Reedville, Northumberland County. (Rowell, Wilson, Gruenhagen). SOUTH CAROLINA - An unidentified species of wax scale severe on camellia, privet and boxwood in Abbeville County. (Nettles, et al.). TEXAS - Icerya purchasi light on nandina plants in Panola County. (McKay). CALIFORNIA - Saissetia hemisphaerica heavy on eugenia in Watsonville, Sants Cruz County. Coccus hesperidum heavy on Palo Verde trees in Torrey Pine area, San Diego County, and light on rose-of-sharon in Fortuna, Humboldt County. (Cals Coop.eRpte” ROSE LEAFHOPPER (Edwardsiana rosae) - UTAH - Remaining later than usual on rose and spirea in Cache,Box Elder and Salt Lake Counties. (Knowlton, Nov. 15). WHITEFLIES - UTAH - Adults numerous on some spirea and black raspberry foliage at Logan, Cache County. (Knowlton, Nov. 15). CALIFORNIA - Pealius kelloggi heavy on Catalina cherry trees in Carlsbad, San Diego County. (Cal. 1GCoopmeRpt.). A NOTODONTID (Datana sp.) - CALIFORNIA - Heavy on Sumac in San Diego, San Diego County. (Cal. Coop. Rpt.). INSECTS AFFECTING MAN AND ANIMALS SCREW-WORM (Callitroga hominivorax) - OKLAHOMA - Active in Custer County during last 10 days. (Hutton). CATTLE GRUBS (Hypoderma spp.) - TEXAS - H. lineatum beginning to appear in backs of cattle in Kerr County. (Blume). CALIFORNIA - An unusually long season reported for H. bovis and H. lineatum with heavy infestations from August through early November in Calabasas and Agoura areas of Los Angeles County. (GRAY Cot-cExt. Ser.) WINTER TICK (Dermacentor albipictus) - OKLAHOMA - Found up to 4 per square inch on necks and heads of small cattle in Pushmataha and McCurtain Counties. (Goin). CALIFORNIA - Infesting deer in Altura area, Modoc County. (Cal. Coop. Rpt.). SALT-MARSH MOSQUITO (Aedes sollicitans) - NORTH CAROLINA - Continues abundant throughout coastal area. (Usry). STORED-PRODUCT INSECTS KHAPRA BEETLE (Trogoderma granarium) - MEXICO - Surveys were made in Mexicali and Tecate, Baja California, and Guadalajara, Jalisco, with a total of 237 property inspections being made. No positive determinations were made. All known infested sites have been treated except 5 properties involving approx- imately 6,400,000 cubic feet in Guadalajara, Jalisco. (PPC, Mex. Reg., OctyiRptey: DARK MEALWORM (Tenebrio obscurus) - ALABAMA - Numerous in feed rooms in Lee County. (Guyton). = 969 - INDIAN-MEAL MOTH (Plodia interpunctella) - TEXAS - Heavy on the outside of bins containing over 7,000 bushels of sorghum in Brazos County. (Randolph). CALIFORNIA - Medium in walnuts in Santa Clara,Santa Clara County. (Gali iCoop: Rpts EUROPEAN EARWIG (Forficula auricularia) - CALIFORNIA - Heavy infestation in fish meal in Salinas, Monterey County. (Cal. Coop. Rpt.). Stored-grain Insects in Nebraska - Insects recovered from 256 samples of wheat taken from CCC bins during October, 1958, in 22 counties were predominately granary weevil, Cadelle, saw-toothed grain beetle, flat grain beetle and dermestids. In addition, flour beetles (Tribolium spp.), spider beetles, a fungus beetle (Typhaea stercorea) and Indian-meal moth were also collected. Live or dead insects were found in 73 percent of the bins examined; a number of these bins being recently fumigated. Live insects were taken in 17.2 percent of the bins. (Kantack). BENEFICIAL INSECTS CONVERGENT LADY BEETLE (Hippodamia convergens) - OKLAHOMA - Counts in alfalfa averaged 0.1-0.3 per sweep in some fields in northeastern area and 0.3-0.5 per sweep in Tillman County. (VanCleave, Hatfield). MISCELLANEOUS INSECTS IMPORTED FIRE ANT (Solenopsis SaevisSima richteri) - LOUISIANA - Found for first time in West Carroll Parish, bringing total number of infested parishes to 44. Treatment was applied to 467 acres in 11 parishes. MISSISSIPPI - Found for the first time in Adams and Choctaw Counties. Treatment was applied to 3,486 acres, mostly in the eradication zones of Amite, Jefferson Davis and Wilkinson Counties. SOUTH CAROLINA - Treatment of all known infestations was completed during October. NORTH CAROLINA - Two additional isolated infestations in Robeson County were treated. FLORIDA - Treatment was applied to more than 5,000 acres bringing the total to 29,300 acres. GEORGIA - About 2,000 acres were treated in several counties. TEXAS - Control was applied to 170 acres in Bexar, Hardin and Harris Counties. (PPC, So. Reg., Oct. Rpt.). JAPANESE BEETLE (Popillia japonica) - ILLINOIS - Two live beetles were found in traps in the Sheldon area, October 10. Two additional beetles were caught October 24 in traps at East Peoria, a new location for the 1958 season, bringing the total to 5 for this area. The infestation in the Peoria area appears to be wider spread than first indicated. (PPC, Cent. Reg., Oct. Rpt.). TENNESSEE - Treatment was applied to 1,437 acres in 6 eastern counties. NORTH CAROLINA - Twenty-three acres were treated at Spencer, Rowan County, and treatment in this section is expected to be completed early in November. Regulatory treatment was applied to 6 acres of nurseryland in the State. SOUTH CAROLINA - A half-acre of nurseryland was treated. (PPC, So. Reg., Oct. Rpt.) A CUCUJID (Hemipeplus marginipennis) - CALIFORNIA - Specimens taken in Watsonville area of Santa Cruz County in July 1958. This is a first record fLorithemo tates Detesulan dio pilman. (Cal Coophy Rpt. hs OLD-HOUSE BORER (Hylotrupes bajulus) - VIRGINIA - Present in subflooring, large timber in basement and in attic of a 3-year old house in New Castle, Craig County. (Rowell). MARYLAND - Infesting joists in a home in Baltimore. (UBUMGR ye eEnit., Dept). > EAN) A SUBTERRANEAN TERMITE - UTAH - Caused extensive damage to a home and garage at Logan. (Knowlton). MILLIPEDES - VIRGINIA - Large numbers in a home and on porch and grounds of the house in Madison County; inside several homes and on patios and surroundings of homes in Culpeper County; and in basement entrance of home in Blacksburg. (Rowell, McLearen, Heltzel). Also in the kitchen of a home in Nelson County. (Morris, Swain). MARYLAND - Troublesome to homeowners in Prince Georges, Carroll and Montgomery Counties. (U. Md., Ent. Dept.). LIGHT TRAP COLLECTIONS Pseud. Agrot. Prod. Perid. Laphyg. Ala. Helio. unip. yps. ornith. marg. frug. argil. zea FLORIDA Gainesville 11/12-18 2 Quincy 11/5-11 8 alt MISSISSIPPI *State College 11/15-21 134 42 3 2 3 15 NEBRASKA Lincoln 10/17-27 64 98 21 5 17 505 North Platte 217 419 76 1 16 10/31-11/16 SOUTH CAROLINA Charleston 11/17-23 ital 42 9 8 5 TENNESSEE (Counties) Blount 11/4-10 1 ail Cumberland 11/4-10 aks) 49 al! 5 Johnson 11/4-10 9 4 2 2 4 6 Madison 11/4-10 3 4 4 2 iL 14 Maury 11/4-10 25 9 1 2 29 Robertson 11/4-10 21 26 1 4 53 *Two traps - State College. oS Oeil o HIGHLIGHTS OF INSECT OCCURRENCE - 1958 CANADA Prepared by C. G. MacNay Weather factors affecting development of insects in Canada in 1958 included unusually high temperatures in British Columbia, drought in the southern prairie region, especially in Saskatchewan, and low early-summer temperatures associated with high precipitation in much of Eastern Canada. Few insect pests caused unusual damage; grasshoppers continued to increase in Western Canada and other outbreaks of note involved variegated and red-backed cutworms, beet webworm, diamondback moth, seed-corn maggot, aphids and root maggots. The trend of increase in GRASSHOPPER populations that occurred in the interior of British Columbia and in the Prairie Provinces in 1957 continued in 1958. The area involved, although appreciable, was still far less than that affected by the 1945-1950 outbreak. In extreme southern Alberta, the only area of the Province affected, infestations were light and losses were minimized by timely rains and excellent growing conditions. In south central and southeastern agricultural areas of Saskatchewan and in southwestern agricultural areas of Manitoba, large numbers of grasshoppers moved into field crops because of drought; severe damage was common in pastures, hay crops, alfalfa and crops sown on stubble. However, an efficient control campaign and desiccation of eggs combined to restrict losses. A survey of adults in August indicated a marked increase in numbers in Saskatchewan south of Saskatoon and in south- western agricultural areas of Manitoba. In British Columbia the most severe outbreak of VARIEGATED CUTWORM (Peridroma margaritosa) in many years caused much damage in the Vancouver delta and the lower Fraser Valley. Severe local infestations of PALE WESTERN CUTWORM (Agrotis orthogonia) occurred on flax and grain in the Lethbridge and Picture Butte areas of Alberta, and in west central agricultural areas of Saskatchewan. RED-BACKED CUTWORM (Euxoa ochrogaster) caused severe damage to cereal, rapseed, flax and garden crops in western Alberta. It occurred also in large numbers throughout parkland areas, including the Peace River district, and in prairie areas as far as Craik and Stalwart in Saskatchewan. The infestation was the most severe and widespread in at least 30 years. In Saskatchewan, damage was severe in the northern agricultural areas and in central and east central agricultural regions, ranging up to 100 percent in crops seeded on fallow and on rape and pea stubble. In central agricultural areas of Manitoba, cutworm damage was severe, notably by ARMYWORM (Pseudaletia unipuncta) near Pilot Mound and Portage La Prairie. In Kent County, Ontario, BLACK CUTWORM (Agrotis ypsilon) fed heavily on tobacco and sugar beets for an unusually long period. In Ontario and Quebec, CUTWORMS caused extensive damage in gardens. ARMYWORM dam- aged hay and grain in New Brunswick, fruit and vegetables in Nova Scotia and grain in Prince Edward Island. In Newfoundland, BRONZED CUTWORM (Nephelodes emmedonia) occurred in unusual numbers in the St. John's area. WIREWORMS caused relatively little damage in Alberta and Manitoba, but in Saskatchewan damage in Southern and western agricultural areas was more exten- sive than in recent years, reseeding being necessary in many fields. BEET WEBWORM (Loxostege sticticalis) occurred in the Prairie Provinces in the most severe and widespread outbreak in 25 years, extensively damaging sugar beets, flax, rape, mustard, safflower and garden crops. Nearly all of the 37,000 acres of sugar beets in southern Alberta were infested, 1,200 acres being defoliated. In Saskatchewan, the northeastern and southeastern agricul- tural areas were most affected and in Manitoba, the southwestern area. = 1972; i= In Alberta and Saskatchewan, abnormal numbers of larvae of DIAMONDBACK MOTH (Plutella maculipennis) damaged mustard, rape and other plants. In southwestern Ontario, the heaviest infestation of APHIDS in many years occurred on wheat, oats, clover, peas, tobacco, potatoes and garden crops; many virus diseases were more common than usSual in the area. Peas in Manitoba and peas, corn and oats in New Brunswick were also heavily infested. ALFALFA WEEVIL (Hypera postica) increased greatly in numbers in Alberta and Saskatchewan. In west central agricultural areas of Saskatchewan, FLAX BOLLWORM (Heliothis ononis) was unusually numerous. SIX-SPOTTED LEAFHOPPER (Macrosteles fascifrons) was much less injurious than in 1957 in Western Canada, but in southwestern Ontario it was numerous in grain. In the latter area, damage to tobacco seed- lings by SEED-CORN MAGGOT (Hylemya cilicrura) was the worst on record. In Alberta and Saskatchewan, large numbers of Apantesis sp. damaged pastures, and in Newfoundland a TORTRICID (Cnephasia virgaureana) , first recorded in 1952, severely damaged red clover and fed on cabbage, peas and ornamentals. Garden crops, too, were attacked by numerous pests. SIX-SPOTTED LEAFHOPPER spread yellows virus extensively in celery, carrot and lettuce in southern Ontario. In Eastern Canada, where plant growth was generally slow, ROOT MAGGOTS severely damaged crucifers. In the Ottawa Valley, the largest population of DIAMONDBACK MOTH in 10 years and large numbers of a FLEA BEETLE (Phyllotreta cruciferae) , not previously recorded in Canada, attacked cruciferous crops. PAINTED-LADY (Vanessa cardui) , unusually numerous on Canada thistle in British Columbia, Alberta and Ontario, caused some damage also to sunflower and to soybeans. APHIDS heavily infested crucifers in Ontario and potatoes in the Maritime Provinces. In southwestern Ontario, Second-generation larvae of ONION MAGGOT (Hylemya antiqua) damaged onions ready for harvest, for the first time on record. POTATO STEM BORER (Hydroecia micacea) severely infested pota- toes and rhubarb in Nova Scotia. SLUGS were very injurious to vegetables in Ontario and Quebec and BROAD MITE (Hemitarsonemus latus) damaged greenhouse cu- cumbers at Leamington, Ontario. Fruit insects of importance included CODLING MOTH (Carpocapsa pomonella) in the Okanagan Valley, British Columbia, where special control measures were neces- sary because of the unusually early development. In Nova Scotia, however, the overwintered population was the smallest in 5 years. Two first records of pests on strawberry in Canada involved OMNIVOROUS LEAF TIER (Cnephasia longana), iden- tified from larvae found in fruit grown in the lower Fraser Valley, British Columbia, in 1957 and 1958; and CURLED ROSE SAWFLY (Allantus cinctus), feeding on foliage in southern Vancouver Island. BRAMBLE LEAFHOPPER (Ribautiana tenerrima) was found to overwinter as an adult at Victoria, British Columbia. In the Niagara Peninsula, Ontario, EUROPEAN FRUIT LECANIUM (Lecanium corni) was more abundant than usual on fruit trees, and APPLE MAGGOT (Rhagoletis pomonella) on prune. In Novia Scotia, CANKERWORMS and WINTER MOTH (Operophtera brumata) extensively damaged apple and a continued increase in parasitism of EYE-SPOTTED BUD MOTH (Spilonota ocellana) was associated with a modified spray program. In Newfoundland, PEAR LEAF BLISTER MITE (Eriophyes pyri) was recorded for the first time in the Province. 3 Oye) The Rice Delphacid, Sogata orizicola Muir, and Two Closely Related Species (Homoptera: Fulgoroidea: Delphacidae) The rice delphacid, Sogata orizicola Muir, is, as far as known, the sole vector of a virus disease of rice which has been called "hoja blanca". This disease was first observed in the Western Hemisphere about 1954, and in the United States in September, 1957, at Belle Glade, Florida. An additional infection was found in September, 1958, at Bay Saint Louis, Mississippi. The disease is not prevalent in the major rice-producing areas of the Orient, although an apparently similar infection of rice is known in Japan. Symptoms of the disease include yellowish-white discoloration or streaking of the leaves and affected plants often fail to head. Yields of rice in infected fields are often reduced 25 to 50 percent and the disease is capable of completely ruining the crop, parti- cularly late plantings. The estimated loss to the rice crop in Cuba in 1956 was 25 percent. The insect has been recorded in Argentina, Colombia, Venezuela, Costa Rica, British Guiana and Cuba, in addition to the United States. First records in this country are September 14, 1957, at Belle Glade, Florida, and September 3, 1958, at Bay Saint Louis, Mississippi. The preferred survey procedure for S. orizicola consists of sweeping of cul- tivated and volunteer rice, not overlooking small patches that may be present at the margin of fields. General Sweepings of other grasses do not appear to be very satisfactory for collecting S. orizicola; however, §. fucifera (Horvath) may be abundant. fe a7 NOTE = LONG-OR SHORT-WINGED Forms MAY OCCUR IN EITHER SEX SOGATA ORIZICOLA The non-specialist can recognize the family and more important members of the genus by the characters illustrated in the accompanying habitus drawings. The following points should be noted: 1. The family Delphacidae is easily distinguished from all other Homoptera by the movable spur at the apex of the hind tibia. 2. The genus Sogata is made up of small and slender species which have/are: (1) 3.5-4 mm. in length in the long-winged form; slightly over 3 mm. in the short-winged form. Note - most specimens of both sexes will have long wings. (2) a pale-yellow stripe running down the center of the dorsum of the head and thorax. (3) males dark-brown with smoky-colored wings that are darker at the apex. (4) females usually with a uniform yellowish to tan color. = OU An — CUBANA styles only female genitalia ORIZICOLA FURCIPFERA male genitalia Styles only Identification to species in the genus Sogata is based on characters found in the structures of the male genitalia and particularly in the styles which have characteristic outlines for each species. The styles are observed best when the genital capsule is studied in a direct posterior view. The styles will be seen as paired structures and are the most obvious components of the genitalia. Accompanied by the drawings, the following notes should allow recognition of the species treated here: (1) Sogata orizicola Muir. Apex of style broad with inner margins rather pointed and with a marked carina. See drawing. This rice pest is known in the United States only from Florida and Mississippi. (2) Sogata furcifera (Horvath). Apex of style with deep cleft giving a "mitten-like" outline. See drawing. A very common species found throughout southern United States. (3) Sogata cubana (Crawford). Apex of style small, comparatively slender and gently curved inward. See drawing. Known in United States only in Florida. (Illustrative and taxonomic material prepared by Insect Identification and Parasite Introduction Laboratories, ENT, ARS) CEIR 8(48) 11-28-58 OO INSECTS NOT KNOWN TO OCCUR IN THE UNITED STATES PHILIPPINE.COTTON BOLL WEEVIL (Amorphoidea lata Motschulsky) Economic Importance: Though cotton is of little economic importance in the Philippines, at the present time, this weevil is considered to be its most important pest and is prevalent wherever the crop is grown. The greatest injury is caused by the larvae; a large percentage of infested bolls drop. Adults in some instances may destroy flowers and very young bolls. Because of the exceedingly short life-history of the species, larval introduction through seeds into the United States is not expected, but the adults could be contained in plants, soil, seeds or raw cotton. Larval damage is similar to that caused by Anthonomus grandis except that the larvae of A. lata are almost always found in the ovary of the flower rather than in the square as is the case with A. grandis. Three additional species of Amorphoidea have been recorded as pests of cotton in Asiatic countries. They are A. arcuata in India, A. pectoralis in Java and A. rufa in Indochina. my Distribution: Philippine Islands (Manila, Laguna, Batangas, Mindoro, Ilocos Norte, Rombolon, Mindanao, Palawan and possibly other Provinces). Hosts: All cultivated and wild varieties of cotton and Thespesia lampas. Life History and Habits: The adults become most noticeable during mid-morning, entering the flowers of host plants. Copulation takes place in the flowers and eggs are laid shortly thereafter, in cavities in the tissue of the base of the staminal sheath. Several eggs may be deposited in each flower. Eggs hatch in 1 to 3 days and larvae begin feeding in the ovules and other soft parts of the square. AS many as 9 larvae have been found in each boll after it has fallen to the ground. Larval development takes from 5 to 11 days, of which about half is spent as a resting stage in the soil. When larvae are in their feeding stage, they may completely destroy one or more of the ovules. In most cases the fruit drops to the ground before maturing. Sometimes undersized adults develop due to curtailed food supply, but normally larvae will die before maturity if the food supply is not ade- quate. Pupation takes place in the soil, about 10 to 20 mm. deep, and lasts from 3 to 5 days. The total life-cycle varies from 11 to 23 days, averaging 17 days. Adult hibernation occurs from June to October in the Philippines since no host plants are Ege (greatly enlarged) in bloom during that period. Located at Base of Staminal Sheath of Cotton Flower (Curculionidae, Coleoptera) No. 68 of Series = 976 = Description: Adults are largely dark brown, 3-4 mm. long and about 1.2 mn. wide. Head minutely and shallowly pitted, sparsely pubescent; eyes lateral, convex and nearly circular. Rostrum about as long as prothorax, sides paral- lel. Antennae arising from middle of rostrum in female, beyond or in front of middle in male, elbowed, clavate; Scape as long as succeeding joints, resting in groove at basal half of rostrum and reaching to eye. Prothorax 14 times as broad as long, sides rounded, broadest in middle, narrowed slightly behind and strongly constricted anteriorly, minutely pitted, and pale, with fine sparse golden pubescent below. Scutellum present. Elytra ovate, striated and finely pitted; pygidium exposed. Femora toothed. Eggs smooth, pearly white, elliptical to ovoid, about 0.6 mm. long and 0.4 mn. wide. Larvae wrinkled, grayish-white, crescent-shaped and legless with few scattered darker hairs. Pupae naked and resemble adults in general form; grayish-white with few scattered darker hairs. (Prepared in Plant Pest Survey Section in cooperation with other ARS agencies). CEIR 8(48) 11-28-58 Figures of Amorphoidea lata (A) Larva (B) Pupa (C) Adult Figures from Woodworth, H.E. 1922. Philippine Agr. 11(3): 75-81 ONTROL DIVISION — AGRICULTURAL RESEARCH SERVICE PLANT PEST CONTROL DIVISION PLANT PEST SURVEY SECTION The Cooperative Economic Insect Report is issued weekly as a service to American Agriculture. Its contents are compiled from information supplied by cooperating State, Federal, and industrial entomologists and other agricultural workers. In releasing this material the Division serves as a clearing house and does not assume responsibility for ac- curacy of the material. s Reports and inquiries pertaining to this release should be mailed to: Plant Pest Survey Section Plant Pest Control Division Agricultural Research Service United States Department of Agriculture Washington 25, D. C. Volume 8 December 5, 1958 Number 49 COOPERATIVE ECONOMIC INSECT REPORT Highlights of Insect Conditions GREENBUG more common and heavier on oats in Arkansas than in most years and scattered in northwestern Oklahoma counties. (p. 979). PINK BOLLWORM Situation in Arizona. (p. 980). CARPET BEETLES more abundant in western Oregon and parts of California. (p. 982). Distribution of CALIFORNIA FLATHEAD BORER in western North America. (p. 981). Summary of INSECT CONDITIONS - 1958 - NEW MEXICO. (p. 984). INSECTS not known to occur in the United States. (p. 989). FRI IR ROR GK a IE aK aR OK I kK Kk Reports in this issue are for the week ending November 28, unless otherwise designated. - 978 - WEATHER BUREAU 30-DAY OUTLOOK DECEMBER 1958 The Weather Bureau's 30-day outlook for December calls for temperatures to average below seasonal normals over the northern half of the nation from the Continental Divide eastward to the Atlantic Seaboard. Above normal temper- atures are indicated for the California Coast and Florida. In other areas about normal temperatures for the season are in prospect. Precipitation is expected to exceed normal along the Gulf and Atlantic Coasts, over the Northern Plains and along the West Coast. Over the northern half of the nation much of the precipitation will be in the form of snow. Subnormal amounts are expected in the Southern Plateau, the southern Rocky Mountain States and the Central Plains. Otherwise near normal precipitation is indicated. Weather forecast given here is based on the official 30-day "Resume and Outlook", published twice a month by the Weather Bureau. You can subscribe through Superintendent of Documents, Washington 25, D.C. Price $4.80 a year, $2.40 a half year. WEATHER OF THE WEEK ENDING DECEMBER 1 Another winter storm brought unusually cold weather to the northern half of the Nation. Subzero temperatures equaled or exceeded record November lows in Indiana and Ohio and fell to near record levels in most of the Great Lakes region, while subfreezing extended to some sections of the Gulf Coast. In contrast, near to record-breaking warm temperatures prevailed in the Middle and South Atlantic Coastal States during the early part of the week. Light to heavy snows also were part of the cold regime in northern areas east of the Rockies. Precipita- tion totals for last week were mostly under 1/2 inch west of the Mississippi, except in the coastal sections of Washington where over 1 inch fell. Unusually dry weather persisted in the Central Valley of California. East of the Missis- sippi, precipitation totals, generally over 1 inch, totaled over 4 inches in the North Carolina Capes. Sections without measurable precipitation were reported in northern Florida, northern Nebraska, southern North Dakota, northwestern Iowa, most of the Great Basin, California and southwestern Arizona. Temperature averages rose from below normal the previous week to above normal in the Southwest, remained about 6° above normal in Florida and generally were lower and well below normal elsewhere. In the Ohio Valley and North Central Interior, temperatures averaged about 18° lower than for the preceding week. On last Monday, November 24, Baltimore, Maryland, with 72°, broke its 87-year high temperature record for that date; other daily records were broken in Tennessee, Georgia and Florida. The next day, Tampa, Florida, had 87°, a new late-season record. With falling temperatures in most areas during the week, International Falls, Minnesota, recorded a record November low of -27° and Dayton, Ohio, -2°; while the Akron-Canton, Ohio, Airport was the coldest for so early in the season. Monday, as the cold air mass centered over North Dakota moved eastward, it was followed by an area of low pressure from the Pacific Northwest. Strong northerly Arctic winds blew across the northern Great Plains, with peak gusts of 75 m.p.h. in Montana and 100 m.p.h. (estimated) in northwestern Colorado. Tuesday, blizzard conditions charged with bitter cold swept across the Great Plains. Wednesday, the leading edge of the huge, cold air mass from the Yukon swept through the Northeastern States with patches of glaze in New Hampshire. Thursday and Friday, rain from overrunning moist air turned to sleet or glaze in a band from Oklahoma into the New England States, and over two-thirds of Oklahoma was covered with ice. Friday and Saturday, southeasterly gales of 70 m.p.h. produced some damage in Connecticut and Massachusetts. Saturday, the Weather continued on Page 983 = 979) — CEREAL AND FORAGE INSECTS GRASSHOPPERS - ARIZONA - Limited observations showed normal decline of adult populations. NEVADA - Egg survey indicates a buildup of early and late-maturing species. Egg beds in northern Elko County show Oedaleonotus enigma and Aulocara spp. carrying over without evidence of parasitism. Eggs of Camnula pellucida were abundant in valleys of Humboldt and Elko Counties, verifying the indicated adult survey rating so far. NEW MEXICO - Egg surveys in Dona Ana and Luna Counties showed 3 egg pods in 220 square feet sampled at 22 locations. UTAH - Egg surveys completed in Cache, Rich, Carbon, Grand and San Juan Counties and partially completed in Utah and Weber Counties show a slightly lower rating than the adult survey. WYOMING - Very few egg pods were found during survey in Niobrara, Platte, Goshen and Laramie Counties, though some areas of very heavy adult populations were sampled. No predators or parasites were noticed in any of the egg pods collected. (PPC, West. Reg., Oct. Rpt.). MORMON CRICKET (Anabrus simplex) - UTAH - An additional 1,000 acres of rangeland in the Green Lakes area, Daggett County, were found to have a threatening infestation. This acreage is Forest Service Land, approximately 10 miles south- east of Manila. (PPC, West. Reg. Oct. Rpt.). SOUTHWESTERN CORN BORER (Zeadiatraea grandiosella) - KANSAS - Corn plants found 98 percent infested in Stafford and Reno Counties, November 21. (Painter). RICE WEEVIL (Sitophilus oryza) - SOUTH CAROLINA - Much heavier in corn than usual. (Nettles, et al.). A MEALYBUG (Trionymus rostellum) - CALIFORNIA - Medium on Sorghum halepense in Courtland area of Yolo County. (Cal. Coop. Rpt.). SORGHUM MIDGE (Contarinia sorghicola) - ARKANSAS - Damage to sorghum has been observed in all sections of the State, being much more severe on late crops. (Ark. Ins. Rpt.). GREENBUG (Toxoptera graminum) - ARKANSAS - Infestations on fall-seeded oats more common and heavier than in most years. Breeding plots at Stuttgart were treated 2 weeks ago. Oat fields in east and northeast areas are generally infested with small numbers. One field in Poinsett County averaged 75 per linear foot with spots in the field discolored. (Ark. Ins. Rpt.). OKLAHOMA - Survey of 80 small grain fields in 17 northwestern counties showed scattered infestations in 13 and none in 4 counties. Populations decreased toward the western portion of the area. Heaviest averaged 27 per linear foot, but was generally 3-7 per linear foot over most of the area. (VanCleave). VIRGINIA - Probably this species, heavy on small grains on the Eastern Shore. (Hofmaster). APPLE GRAIN APHID (Rhopalosiphum fitchii) - OKLAHOMA - Averaged 1-50 per linear foot in small grain fields in northwestern part of State. (VanCleave). A FLEA BEETLE - TEXAS - Damaged early wheat in Briscoe County. (Ledbetter). WINTER GRAIN MITE (Penthaleus major) - TEXAS - Caused damage to several fields of oats in Falls County. (Hawkins). A RICE DELPHACID (Sogata orizicola) - ARKANSAS - Limited surveys in the State have been negative. (Ark. Ins. Rpt) 3 CHINCH BUGS - SOUTH CAROLINA - Troublesome in lawns in Charleston and Richland Counties. (Nettles, et al.). CORN LEAF APHID (Rhopalosiphum maidis) - OKLAHOMA - Ranged 5-300 per linear foot in northwestern barley fields. Very small populations in some wheat fields. (VanCleave). - 980 - CLOVER ROOT CURCULIO (Sitona hispidula) - MARYLAND - Adults averaged 3 per 10 sweeps on red clover at Fairland. (U. Md., Ent. Dept.). CLOVER SEED CHALCID (Bruchophagus gibbus) - WISCONSIN - Incidence of infested seeds in red clover seed samples being received by State Seed Laboratory greater than in 1957. Samples from southern Clark County have highest infestations which range up to 8 percent. (Wis. Coop. Sur.). SPOTTED ALFALFA APHID (Therioaphis maculata) - OKLAHOMA - Counts at seven-day intervals show slight increase over past 3 weeks in Payne County. (Bieberdorf). Averaged 10-17.5 per sweep in alfalfa fields in the Davidson area of Tillman County and 300-400 per linear foot in a field of young alfalfa in the same area. (Hatfield). KANSAS - Damaged fall-planted alfalfa in Saline County, November 15. (Harvey). OREGON - Remains active in Hermiston area of Umatilla County, November 24. (Bierman). PEA APHID (Macrosiphum pisi) - ARKANSAS - Averaged 4-8 per 25 sweeps in alfalfa in Jackson County. (Ark. Ins. Rpt.). THREE-CORNERED ALFALFA HOPPER (Spissistilus festinus) - ARKANSAS - Averaged 6-7 per 25 sweeps in alfalfa in Jackson County. (Ark. Ins. Rpt.). OKLAHOMA - Averaged 0.1-0.4 per sweep in alfalfa fields in Davidson area, Tillman County. (Hatfield). FRUIT INSECTS HICKORY SHUCKWORM (Laspeyresia caryana) - OKLAHOMA - Shucks of approximately 90 percent of pecans in Stillwater area infested with 1-4 larvae. (Bieberdorf). NAVEL ORANGEWORM (Paramyelois transitella) - CALIFORNIA - Light to medium on walnuts in Kelseyville, Lake County. (Cal. Coop. Rpt.). A WHITEFLY (Pealius kelloggi) - CALIFORNIA - Heavy on Prunus ilicifolia at Moorpark, Ventura County. (Cal. Coop. Rpt.). COTTON INSECTS PINK BOLLWORM (Pectinophora gossypiella) - ARIZONA - Field inspections disclosed a more extensive infestation in the south central part of the State than was expected. Since the original find in early July in the Gila River Valley of southwestern Maricopa County, the infestation has moved north and eastward across the county and southeastward into Pinal County. New finds were made in eastern Maricopa County and western Pinal County, which were, at the time, out- side the quarantined area. The Arizona Commission of Agriculture and Horticul- ture extended the quarantine to include the entire cotton-producing portions of the State, except Yuma and Mohave Counties. Cochise, Graham, Greenlee, Maricopa, Pima, Pinal, Santa Cruz and Yavapai Counties are now under quarantine. (PPC). CALIFORNIA - During week ending November 28,six gin trash machines processed 5,263 bushels of trash in the San Joaquin Valley and southeastern desert areas from 55 gins, and 234 gin visits were made in inspection of 915 linit cleaners. All results were negative. (Cal. Coop. Rpt.). A LEAF ROLLER (Platynota stultana) - CALIFORNIA - Light on cotton at Heber, Imperial County. Some attacking green bolls. (Cal. Coop. Rpt.). = 981 — DISTRIBUTION OF CALIFORNIA FLATHEAD BORER (Melanophila californica) in Western North America Forest Pest Leaflet 24, June 1958 - 982 - FOREST, ORNAMENTAL AND SHADE TREE INSECTS A BARK BEETLE (Pityophthorus serratus) - CALIFORNIA - Medium on pines at Alamo, Contra Costa County. CalwmicoopwiRptE.):. MEALYBUGS - CALIFORNIA - Pseudococcus maritimus heavy on Mammilaria uncinata (cactus) plants in Riverside, Riverside County. Phenacoccus gossypii heavy on nightshade in the Escondido area of San Diego County. (Cal. Coop. Rpt.). SCALE INSECTS - TEXAS - Icerya purchasi damaged pyracantha in Limestone County (Garner). CALIFORNIA - Parlatoria oleae heavy on privet hedges at Dos Palos, Merced County. Lepidosaphes ulmi heavy on lilac at Jackson, Amador County, and Asterolecanium bambusae heavy on bamboo in Santa Paula, Ventura County. (Cal. Coop. Rpt.). STORED-PRODUCT INSECTS KHAPRA BEETLE (Trogoderma granarium) - ARIZONA - Three new infestations were found, one each in Maricopa, Mohave and Yuma Counties, and one reinfestation in Yuma County. (PPC, West. Reg., Oct. Rpt.). CALIFORNIA - Last known infestation in State fumigated November 16. Since the beginning of the eradication program the State has had 330 known infestations. During the week ending November 28, State, County and Federal inspectors expended 1,214 man-hours of inspection in 10 counties with negative results. (Cal. Coop. Rpt.). Stored-grain Pests in Minnesota and Texas - Problems due to a grain beetle (Ahasverus advena), Indian-meal moth and confused flour beetle were reported in several elevators in MINNESOTA the week ending November 24. Most infesta- tions were found in grain screenings. (Minn. Ins. Rpt.). In central and south central areas of TEXAS, stored-grain insects have developed into critical infestations about 30 days earlier than normal. (Cook). BENEFICIAL INSECTS PREDATORS - OKLAHOMA - Hippodamia convergens and Nabis sp. each averaged O-1 per linear foot and lacewings 0-2 in fields of small grain in northwestern part of State. Lacewing eggs averaged 0-2 per linear foot in scattered areas. (VanCleave). H. convergens averaged 0-0.1 per sweep in alfalfa fields in Tillman County. (Hatfield). Several hundred adult Coleomegilla maculata found congregated under large board adjacent to wheat stubble in Payne County. (Walton). MISCELLANEOUS INSECTS CARPET BEETLES - OREGON - Carpet beetles, principally Anthrenus verbasci, much more abundant in western part of State than has been noted in several years. (Every). CALIFORNIA - An unusual number of complaints regarding A. verbasci and A. museorum in homes in Contra Costa County. (Peters). TERMITES - MINNESOTA - Several additional infestations of Reticulitermes flavipes found in St. Paul. These new properties were located im same general area in which previous infestations were found earlier in 1958. (Minn. Ins. Rpt.). OREGON - Winged forms of R. hesperus appeared at sites of infestations near Corvallis, week of November 23. (Every). - 983 - BROWN-BANDED ROACH (Supella supellectilium) - CALIFORNIA - Reported in 2 apart- ments in Oakland, Alameda County. (Peters). LIGHT TRAP COLLECTIONS Pseud. Agrot. Feltia Prod. Perid. Heliothis unip. yps. Ssubter. ornith. marg. zea ARKANSAS Fayetteville 10/30-11/19 34 1'9 38 Kelso 10/30-11/19 10 PAIL 1 78 Morrilton 10/30-11/19 16 26 29 FLORIDA Gainesville 11/18-24 1 3 Monticello 11/12-18 2 Quincy 11/11-17 3 SOUTH CAROLINA Charleston 11/24-30 9 26 41 1 1 i WISCONSIN Middleton 11/22-28 1 2 1 12 Weather continued from Page 978 remnants of the storm that had spread a heavy blanket of snow from portions of the Mississippi Valley into upper New England, pushed into Canada. Sunday, the cold air mass, extending from the Rockies across the Southeast, was reinforced by a dome of cold air moving southward from Canada and temperatures remained below freezing throughout the day in most sections north of a line from south- western Missouri to northern Delaware. Snow during the past week extended as far south as the Texas Panhandle. On Monday morning, December 1, accumulations up to one foot were reported in parts of North Dakota, northern Michigan, western Pennsylvania, interior New York and northern areas of New England. In portions of Illinois, the snow on the 30th was the second earliest heavy snow this century. At Evansville, Indiana, 7 inches or more of snow exceeded any previous November monthly or daily total snowfall in 62 years. Over the weekend, snow squalls east of Lakes Erie and Ontario brought heavy accumulations to some areas. Colden, New York, reported 21 inches. Maine, Vermont and northern portions of New Hampshire were blanketed by amounts up to 11 inches. (Summary supplied by U. S. Weather Bureau). - 984 - SUMMARY OF INSECT CONDITIONS - 1958 NEW MEXICO Prepared by Gerald Nielsen, et al. Highlights: There was a general increase in GRASSHOPPER populations over 1957 on rangeland in all eastern counties, reaching threatening proportions only in a few areas. Cropland infestations in the irrigated area along the Rio Grande in Valencia, Bernalillo and Sandoval Counties also increased. Third-crop alfalfa was severely damaged in Bernalillo and Sandoval Counties. Voluntary programs in these three counties reduced crop losses to corn, vegetables and fruit trees.,| Two thousand acres of alfalfa were treated on the Isleta Indian Pueblo lands. During the summer, large flights of Trimerotropis pallidipennis settled on communities throughout the State and destroyed about 200 acres of tomato plantings in Luna County. Carrot beds were also severely damaged. Many farmers replanted 2 or 3 times. One intensive cooperative control program on rangeland was carried out in Union County where 148,249 acres were sprayed at the cost of $68,802 or an average cost of about 46.5 cents per acre. The 1958 adult grasshopper survey shows that there are threatening to severe infestations on 23,200 acres of cropland. In addition, 830,820 acres of rangeland were found infested in fifteen counties. BEET LEAFHOPPER and wild host plants were more plentiful in cultivated and rangeland areas than in the past five years. Western yellow blight destroyed tomato stands in Hidalgo, Luna and Lea Counties. The virus killed an estimated 25-40 percent of plants in tomato fields at Deming. SPOTTED ALFALFA APHIDS parasitized by Praon pallitans were collected early in April. This was the first record of this parasite overwintering in New Mexico. Praon pallitans became well established in alfalfa fields in Mesilla Valley and has dispersed to 20 other counties from the two original release sites in Dona Ana and Roosevelt Counties. Heavy STINK BUG populations in Quay, Curry, Roosevelt and Lea Counties did considerable damage to small grains. FALSE CHINCH BUGS became extremely numerous in grain sorghum fields in August and September causing severe losses in Quay, Curry, Roosevelt and Luna Counties. INSECTS were a major factor in the reduction in yields of tomato fields in Luna and Lea Counties from an average of 16 tons to about 4 tons per acre this season. Late infestations of PINK BOLLWORM in southern Dona Ana County caused heavy damage to green bolls on about 300 acres and was moderately heavy on 700 additional acres. Cereal and Forage Insects: SPOTTED ALFALFA APHID (Therioaphis maculata) infestations appeared to be lighter than in past seasons, except for the first two cuttings in Chaves, Dona Ana and Eddy Counties. Several fields of seedling alfalfa were killed in Chaves, Eddy and Lea Counties. There was an early spring and an early fall buildup in several other counties, but little control was needed. Spring and fall buildups of PEA APHID (Macrosiphum pisi) caused minor damage to established stands of alfalfa. Some fields of seedling alfalfa were damaged in Dona Ana, Chaves and Eddy Counties. THREE-CORNERED ALFALFA HOPPER (Spissistilus festinus) was very common in southern alfalfa fields, often averaged over one per sweep during the spring and 2-3 per sweep during late summer and fall. No severe infestations of ALFALFA CATERPILLAR (Colias philodice eurytheme)were found this season. a Heavy rains appeared to have reduced populations considerably in many areas during late summer. Spotty and light infestations of PALE WESTERN CUTWORM (Agrotis orthogonia) and ARMY CUTWORM (Chorizagrotis auxiliaris) were found on volunteer wheat in Curry County. CORN EARWORM (Heliothis zea) heavily damaged early plantings of corn and later plantings averaged from 60-90 percent infested. Large populations of THRIPS (Frankliniella occidentalis and F. minuta) curled leaves of unsprayed, young alfalfa during May and June. Many growers treated for thrips along with treatment for aphids. FALL ARMYWORM (Laphygma frugiperda) was light on sorghum heads in Lea County the last week of August. LYGUS BUGS began to build up in alfalfa fields in eastern and . southern areas during March. Counts were as high as 4-5 adults and 2-10 nymphs per sweep during May and June, and were a big factor in reducing alfalfa seed yields. WESTERN HARVESTER ANT (Pogonomyrmex occidentalis) was most destructive to rangeland in San Miguel, Union, Harding and Colfax Counties. BEET WEBWORM (Loxostege sticticalis) damaged young wheat fields in De Baca and Quay Counties during last two weeks of September. A MITE (Oligonychus stickneyi) was a serious pest of corn in all areas where it is grown for ensilage. SOUTHWESTERN CORN BORER (Zeadiatraea grandiosella) infestations in most corn fields in Quay, Curry. De Baca, Roosevelt and Luna Counties were 80-100 percent. Light in some sorghum fields. A FALSE CHINCH BUG (Nysius raphanus) was heavy and damaged grain sorghum in Luna and also in all southeastern counties. About 6000 acres were infested in Curry County alone. Losses were estimated at over 50 percent in several fields in Quay and Curry Counties. STINK BUGS caused little damage to wheat fields in Quay County and WHEAT HEAD ARMYWORM (Faronta diffusa) caused minor damage to wheat in Quay and Curry Counties. ALFALFA LOOPER (Autographa californica) was light in alfalfa near Raton. VARIEGATED CUTWORM (Peridroma margaritosa) was a minor problem in 1958. WHITE GRUBS were moderate to heavy. Winter wheat in the vicinity of Pleasant Hill, Curry County, during October was replanted in several fields. Heavy infestations of BLISTER BEETLES damaged alfalfa locally at Gila, Grant County. A SERPENTINE LEAF MINER damaged alfalfa foliage of first and second- cuttings in southern Eddy County. GREENBUG (Toxoptera graminum) was light and spotty in Curry and Quay Counties during February. Heaviest infestation found averaged about 2 per linear foot. CORN LEAF APHID (Rhopalosiphum maidis) severely damaged barley in southern Dona Ana County and moderate to heavy infestations damaged wheat and barley in Roosevelt, Chaves and Eddy Counties during the last week of May. ENGLISH GRAIN APHID (Macrosiphum granarium) was heavy and damaged wheat and barley which had not yet headed out in eastern counties during May. Fruit Insects: CODLING MOTH (Carpocapsa pomonella) losses were high in most orchards of the State, ranging from about 2 percent "wormy"' apples in treated orchards to almost 100 percent on unattended backyard trees. CLOVER MITE (Bryobia praetiosa complex) eggs were very numerous in untreated orchards during early spring and began hatching during first two weeks of April. Adults caused severe damage to apple and peach foliage in Lincoln, De Baca, Bernalillo, Sandoval, Rio Arriba, Otero and San Juan Counties during early summer. Tetranychus sp. was most serious in apple orchards in Rio Arriba, Sandoval and San Juan Counties. SHOT-HOLE BORER (Scolytus rugulosus) was very destructive in peach orchards in Lincoln, De Baca, Rio Arriba and San Juan Counties and killed cherry trees at Tesuque, Santa Fe County. APPLE GRAIN APHID (Rhopalosiphum fitchii) infested apple orchards in Espanola Valley during May. JUNE BEETLES were a problem on ripening peaches in southern counties. CAT-FACING INSECT. damage seriously reduced quality of peaches in Rio Arriba County. Heavy oviposition injury by TREEHOPPERS was observed on apple trees at High Rolls, Otero County. PEAR-SLUG (Caliroa cerasi) defoliated cherry and choke cherry trees in Mora County. During first week of June ROSY APPLE APHID (Anuraphis roseus) was heavy in apple orchards in San Juan County, lighter in Rio Arriba, Sandoval and Santa Fe Counties. GREEN PEACH APHID (Myzus persicae) caused - 986 - extreme curling of leaves on peach trees throughout the State. Where control measures were not taken, leaves and fruit usually dropped. A SCALE (prob. Lecanium pruinosum) became a very serious pest of pecans in Dona Ana County. A GRAPE LEAFHOPPER (Erythroneura sp.) was a serious problem in vineyards throughout the State where no control was used. RED-BANDED LEAF ROLLER (Argyrotaenia velutinana) damaged at least 1/3 of the apples at Albuquerque. Foliage was also severely damaged. A LEAF ROLLER (prob. Archips argyrospila) did extensive damage to foliage in apple orchards in Taos County. PEACH TWIG BORER (Anarsia lineatella) did extensive damage to terminal growth of peach trees in De Baca, Lincoln, Dona Ana, Eddy and Rio Arriba Counties. WOOLLY APPLE APHID (Eriosoma lanigerum) caused considerable damage to roots of apple trees in Hondo Valley during the spring. Light to heavy infestations were observed in apple orchards throughout the State. SAN JOSE SCALE (Aspidiotus perniciosus) was heavy in orchards in Bernalillo, Santa Fe, Sandoval, Rio Arriba and San Juan Counties. Lighter infestations were found in all fruit growing areas, FALL WEBWORM (Hyphantria cunea) defoliated pear and apple trees in Rio Arriba and Taos Counties. Several infestations damaged foliage on pecan trees in Dona Ana County. A PLUM APHID (Anuraphis helichrysi) severely damaged foliage of plum trees in De Baca and Bernalillo Counties. Truck Crop Insects: CABBAGE LOOPER (Trichoplusia ni) was serious on lettuce again this season, requiring control at regular intervals. They were especially destructive on young fall lettuce in Mesilla Valley where the cost of control averaged about $35.00 per acre. TOMATO HORNWORM (Protoparce quinquemaculata) was a problem on tomatoes and chili in gardens and fields where adequate control measures were not used. CORN EARWORM or TOMATO FRUITWORM (Heliothis zea) was of minor importance in most tomato fields because of adequate spray program until late in the season when rain and harvesting prevented control. Most garden corn was 100% infested. During September larvae caused light to heavy damage to lettuce fields in Dona Ana County. Several fields were 20-40 percent damaged. BEET LEAFHOPPER (Circulifer tenellus) populations were above normal. Curly top did extensive damage to tomatoes in Luna, Valencia, Bernalillo and Lea Counties. GRASSHOPPERS were destructive to crops in Valencia, Rio Arriba, Bernalillo and Luna Counties. POTATO PSYLLID (Paratrioza cockerelli) - Exten- Sive damage was caused by psyllid yellows in potato fields in San Juan County. Very little trouble was encountered in Estancia Valley because of adequate control methods. COLORADO POTATO BEETLE (Leptinotarsa decemlineata) was light on potatges in Curry County during first week of June. STINK BUGS severely damaged cabbage fields in Lea County during July and caused considerable damage to home gardens. CABBAGE APHID (Brevicoryne brassicae) damaged cabbage in Luna and Lea Counties during July. SQUASH BUG (Anasa tristis) was most serious on cantaloupes in Valencia, Socorro and Hidalgo Counties. A SPOTTED CUCUMBER BEETLE (Diabrotica undecimpunctata tenella) and STRIPED CUCUMBER BEETLE (Acalymma vittata) were heavy on melons necessitating the replanting of some fields in Valencia County. Damage also occurred on melons and cucurbits in De Baca, Hidalgo, Bernalillo and Rio Arriba Counties. TORTOISE BEETLE (Metriona bicolor) damaged chili at Redrock, Grant County. ONION THRIPS (Thrips tabaci) was light to heavy on fall and spring onions, depending on con- trol used. HARLEQUIN BUG (Murgantia histrionica) was heavy and damaged gardens in Mora County and was serious on cabbage in Lea County. MEXICAN BEAN BEETLE (Epilachna varivestis) was heavy on beans in Mora and Estancia Valleys causing severe damage where adequate controls were not used. Cotton Insects: BOLLWORM (Helivthis zea) was controlledin most areas. Several severe infestations, however, damaged cotton in the Animas Valley and Deming area. Portions of these fields had as high as 60 percent of the bolls damaged. LYGUS BUGS (Lygus spp.) were considered as the most destructive pest of cotton this season. During early season, light to heavy infestations damaged squares and young bolls in all cotton growing areas, MITES were a minor problem in most areas. Late season infestations were generally light and spotty. - 987 - COTTON LEAFWORM (Alabama argillacea) was light and spotty in cotton fields this season. CABBAGE LOOPER (Trichoplusia ni) larvae were a problem throughout entire season in cotton fields, until late summer when large numbers of the larvae were attacked by a fungus and various species of predators. GRASSHOPPERS reduced cotton stands along fence rows and borders of fields in Hidalgo, Roosevelt, Luna and Lea Counties. ONION THRIPS (Thrips tabaci) was heavy, severely damaging seedling cotton plants in southern counties. Some growers were of the opinion that they caused loss of "bottom crop". COTTON FLEAHOPPER (Psallus seriatus) damage appeared to be lighter in most fields than in previous years. Only occasional specimens of COTTON SQUARE BORER (Strymon melinus) were collected from cotton fields in Dona Ana, Socorro, Eddy and Lea Counties. COTTON APHID (Aphis gossypii) was a problem in a few fields early in the season, but late season populations were generally heavy in many fields in southern counties. During May of 1958, COWPEA APHID (Aphis medicaginis) was only spotty and light to moderate in Eddy and Dona Ana Counties, while during the same period in 1957 it was generally heavy throughout the cotton growing area. No evidence of economic buildup of PINK BOLLWORM (Pectinophora gossypiella) was found in the State until the first of October when several heavy infestations of green bolls were found in about 300 acres and moderately heavy infestations on 700 additional acres in the southern part of Dona Ana County. Forest, Ornamental and Shade Tree Insects: FALL WEBWORM (Hyphantria cunea) larvae were very abundant on poplar and elm trees throughout the State and especially numerous on cottonwood trees along Rio Grande River. A LEAFHOPPER (Empoasca bipunctata) - Heavy infestations stippled leaves of elm trees through- out the State. A MITE (Oligonychus coniferarum) damaged juniper in Bernalillo and Dona Ana Counties. A BUD MITE (Aceria paradianthi) was collected on carna- tions in a greenhouse at Albuquerque, the first record for the State.’ AN APHID (Cinara tujafilina) was heavy throughout the State on arborvitae . POPLAR TWIG GALL APHID (Pemphigus populi-ramulorum) galls were very numerous on poplar trees at Hatch. NITIDULIDS (Carpophilus spp.) caused considerable damage to roses throughout the State. BOXELDER LEAF ROLLER (Gracilaria negundella) denuded boxelder trees in Santa Fe and Rio Arriba Counties during June. MOURNING-CLOAK BUTTERFLY (Nymphalis antiopa) larvae defoliated elm trees at Willard and Estancia, Torrance County, and Las Vegas, San Miguel County. SMALLER EUROPEAN ELM BARK BEETLE (Scolytus multistriatus) infested Ameritan elm trees at Albuquerque. A TUSSOCK MOTH (Hemerocampa sp.)was moderate on 12,000 acres in the Sandia Mountains. Egg masses were moderate to heavy. A new outbreak of FIR ENGRAVER BEETLE (Scolytus ventralis) was found in Lincoln National Forest and was heavy on 5,000 acres of white fir. S. ventralis also caused considerable damage to white fir on Sandia Mountains. The association of Ips spp. and Dendroctonus spp. decreased from 1957 when there were about one million acres damaged compared with about 200,000 acres in 1958. Damage by DOUGLAS-FIR BEETLE (Dendroctonus pseudotsugae) decreased from 700,000 acres in 1957 to 500,000 in 1958. SPRUCE BUDWORM (Choristoneura fumiferana) increased the number of acres partially defoliated in northern New Mexico from 80,000 acres in 1957 to 220,000 acres in 1958. An ASPEN LEAF ROLLER ( probably Archips conflictana) was active in aspen in Carson National Forest, GREAT BASIN TENT CATERPILLAR (Malacosoma fragilis) defoliated acreage was about the same as in 1957, or about 190,000 acres. A NEEDLE MINER (Recurvaria sp.) has almost disappeared in ponderosa pine in Carson National Forest. Insects Affecting Man and Animals: "HORN FLY (Siphona irritans) was troublesome to cattle and horses throughout the season. MOSQUITOES were much more annoying in 1958 in cities along the Rio Grande because of above normal precipitation. SPINOSE EAR TICK (Otobius megnini) was moderately heavy on cattle in Dona Ana and Luna Counties. CATTLE LICE were prevalent on cattle during winter and spring. CATTLE GRUBS (Hypodermaspp.) began attacking cattle in Luna and Sierra Counties the latté¢r part of February. Ranchers throughout the State - 988 - had trouble with larvae of a SCREW-WORM (Callitroga sp.) getting into wounds on cattle and horses and were treating cattle during the latter part of October in southern counties. SARCOPTIC MANGE MITE (Sarcoptes scabiei var. suis) infested several swine herds in Hidalgo County and was fatal to weaner pigs when extremely heavy. SHEEP KED (Melophagus ovinus) was quite abundant on sheep during Shearing in De Baca, Torrance and Lincoln Counties. Beneficial Insects: Praon palitans has become well established in alfalfa fields in Mesilla Valley and has dispersed to 20 other counties from the two original release sites in Roosevelt and Dona Ana Counties. GREEN LACEWING adults and larvae were very abundant in alfalfa and cotton fields throughout the cultivated areas of the State. DAMSEL BUGS (Nabis spp.) were very high in alfalfa fields all season. A BRACONID (Aphidius testaceipes) parasitized cotton aphid in Mesilla Valley cotton fields. Aphids were 70-90 percent para- sitized in many fields with as many as 150-200 parasitized aphids per leaf. SYRPHID larvae were abundant in wheat fields infested with aphids at Cimmaron, Colfax County. = OER) INSECTS NOT KNOWN TO OCCUR IN THE UNITED STATES PLUM FRUIT MOTH* (Laspeyresia funebrana (Treitschke) ) Economic Importance: Plum fruit moth or red plum maggot is a serious pest of plum in wide areas of Europe. Its damage has also been reported from Western Asia and North Africa. In some years as much as three-fourths of the plum crop has been lost to this insect in France. Over 60 percent of the prunes are infested annually in the Black Sea area of the Caucasus (USSR) where the moth is regarded as the most important pest of the crop. It is also one of the main pests of plums in Turkestan (USSR) and in the British Isles. Large consignments of plums were condemned at canneries in England in 1935 because of red plum maggot. Other stone fruits are also attacked but apparently plum is the preferred host. Distribution: Temperate Europethrough Siberia (USSR), ASia Minor, North Africa. Hosts: Plum, peach, cherry and other stone fruits. Also reported from apple and walnut. General Distribution of Plum Fruit Moth Life History and Habits: The biology is not fully known. In France it has one, perhaps two, generations a year. The late appearing moths may represent an extended emergence period. The first adults appear about the end of June when plums are approaching maturity. Eggs are deposited at the base of the stalk of the fruit and hatch in about 10 days. The young larva bores into the tissues leaving a conspicuous entrance hole surrounded by frass. From the stem the larva migrates into the pulp of the fruit and tunnels around the stone leaving behind it rotting tissue mixed with excrement. By the end of August the larva is fully fed and bores out of the fruit. A gummy exudate often forms at the exit hole. The larva then seeks hibernation quarters such as cracks and crevices in the bark. There it spins a cocoon in which it pupates the following spring. Description: The moth is smaller than the codling moth, having expanse of 10-14 mm. It is generally dark gray and has some external resemblance to oriental fruit moth. The hindwings are uniformily dark brown, a little more clear than the forewings. The insect is thickset; wings are rectangular, large, *Larva called red plum maggot and adults also known as plum tortricid (Tortricidae, Lepidoptera) . No. 69 of Series =1990))— strongly truncate on extremities and have a poorly developed marginal fringe. The genitalia of L. funebrana differ from those ofCarpocapsa pomonella as illustrated below. The larva attains a length of 10 mm. It is more slender than C. pomonella and the reddish color lighter, almost white, with the head and thoracic plate black. (Prepared in Plant Pest Survey Section in cooperation with other ARS agencies and the U. S. N. M.) CEIR 8 (49) 12-5-58 Adult and Larva of Laspeyresia funebrana Female Genitalia of L. funebrana (1) Male Genitalia of L. funebrana (1) and Grapholitha molesta (2) and Grapholitha molesta (2) g.- gonapophyses; t8,s8 - tergite & v - valves of forceps; p - copula- sternite of 8th abdominal segment tory organ; t9 - tergite of 9th t7,s7-tergite & sternite of 7th ab- abdominal segment. abdominal segment; o - orifice of bursa copulatrix; b - bursa copula- trix; st - stigmata; 1 - laminae dentatae Figures (except map) from Bovey, P. 1937. Rev. de Path. Veget. et d'Entomol. Agr. de France 24(3/4): 189-317. He AS NOR as My AGRICULTURAL RESEARCH SERVICE PLANT PEST CONTROL DIVISION PLANT PEST SURVEY SECTION The Cooperative Economic Insect Report is issued weekly as a service to American Agriculture. Its contents are compiled from information supplied by cooperating State, Federal, and industrial entomologists and other agricultural workers. In releasing this material the Division serves as a clearing house and does not assume responsibility for ac- curacy of the material. Reports and inquiries pertaining to this release should be mailed to: Plant Pest Survey Section Plant Pest Control Division Agricultural Research Service United States Department of Agriculture Washington 25, D. C. Volume 8 December 12, 1958 Number 50 COOPERATIVE ECONOMIC INSECT REPORT Highlights of Insect Conditions Winter grain PEST surveys in some southwestern States. (p. 993). SPOTTED ALFALFA APHID damaging alfalfa in Payne County, Oklahoma. (p. 993). MEADOW SPITTLEBUG survey in New Jersey. (p. 994). PEPPER WEEVIL surveys in New Jersey negative for 1958. (p. 994). An IPS BEETLE damaging pines and is threat to timber stands in areas of Galiiifornaas (pe 99 5)ie First KHAPRA BEETLE find in California for six months. (p. 996). INSECT DETECTION: A tineid (Ereunetis minuscula) new to Florida. (p. 994). CORRECTION. (p. 996). SUMMARY OF INSECT CONDITIONS - 1958 - Oregon (p. 997), Wyoming (p. 1001). INSECTS not known to occur in the United States. (p. 1003). 2 eee ke ic ie 2 cig 2 2c ic ke eg gk ac 2 ok Reports in this issue are for the week ending December 5, unless otherwise designated. - 992 - WEATHER OF THE WEEK ENDING DECEMBER 8 Blizzards, heavy snow, sleet, glaze and subzero temperatures in the North Central, Interior and record-breaking heat and dryness in the far Southwest were the main features of the weather of the week. Dry weather has overspread more of the country. Precipitation totals were generally under 1/2 inch. Totals exceeding 2 inches were reported only in the Pacific Northwest, west of the Cascades. In the rest of the Nation there were some areas with amounts over 1 inch in lower New England, parts of Florida and the States bordering Canada. The largest area without measurable precipitation extended from the south- western Mexican Border States into the central Mountain States. Some nearby States also had small areas without measurable precipitation, as well as a few coastal sections of North Carolina and Virginia. In South Carolina, rainfall since July was slightly over one-half of normal, and around one-fourth of normal for the last 30 days; soil moisture is nearing the critical stage and the soil is too dry for plowing. In the southeastern half of Georgia, there have been some stations with less than 1/2 inch precipitation during the last 6 weeks. Rains in northwestern Florida, generally the first since early November, eased the forest fire danger. Some icy conditions were reported Tuesday through Sunday, mostly in the north- eastern quarter of the country. Freezing rain occurred early in the week in North Dakota and Minnesota and spread further south and east during midweek, falling in many sections from coastal Maine across the Hudson Valley and westward through the upper Mississippi Valley to the eastern Dakotas. This band separated the southern rains from the northern snow areas. Another icy band at midweek extended from Montana and the northern Rockies into the western sections of Kansas and Nebraska and over the east slopes of the mountains in New Mexico and in northern Texas. Colorado reported hazardous conditions over a large area. In the Pacific Northwest, the weekend rains sometimes froze over portions of interior.Washington. In northern interior areas east of the Rockies, temperatures for the week averaged from 3° to as much as 11° below normal. Subzero minima during the weekend ranged down to -23° at International Falls, Minnesota. In contrast, averages for the week in the Far Southwest ranged from 4° to 9° above normal, with record-breaking high temperatures for December of 94° at Los Angeles Airport, California, 86° at Yuma, Arizona, and 67° at Ely, Nevada. During the past week, 1 inch or more of new snow fell over interior New England, the Ohio Valley, scattered areas in the Mississippi Valley down through the Arkansas Mountains and the upper mountain regions of the Far West. Travel was hampered by occasional blizzard conditions in North Dakota and by snow squalls from there into northern New York and New England. A 33-inch snowfall in 24 hours, 15 inches falling in 3 hours, and a depth of 56 inches on the ground set new records at Oswego, New York. Boonville, New York, reported an accumulated depth of 46 inches and roads were blocked and cars abandoned north of Syracuse. A heavy snow cover favored northeastern ski resorts for the second consecutive week. (Summary supplied by U. S. Weather Bureau.) ==993 - CEREAL AND FORAGE INSECTS GREENBUG (Toxoptera graminum) - VIRGINIA - Probably this species, severely attacked barley and oats in lower Middlesex County (Edwards) and is heavy on oats and barley on a Nottoway County farm (Rowell, Cassell). OKLAHOMA - Averaged O-1 per linear foot in scattered fields of fall-seeded wheat in southwestern area of State (VanCleave, Meharg) and 0-25 in north central area (Wood). Considerable numbers occurred in a field of reseeded wheat in the Tonkawa area. (Henderson). TEXAS - Light, non-economical infestations found in 21 of 114 small grain fields examined in 13 scattered counties, November 13- 21. Parasites and predators quite numerous in southern part of State. (Chada). None found in 15 fields checked in 5 central counties, December 3. (Hawkins). NEW MEXICO - Averaged 0.5-1.5 per linear foot in 50 percent of wheat fields examined in Quay, Curry and Roosevelt Counties. (N. M. Coop. Rpt.). APPLE GRAIN APHID (Rhopalosiphum fitchii) - OKLAHOMA - Averaged 0-15 per linear foot in some fall-seeded wheat fields in southwestern area (VanCleave, Meharg) and 0-50 in north central area (Wood). CORN LEAF APHID (Rhopalosiphum maidis) - OKLAHOMA - Averaged 0-200 per linear foot in some southwestern fields of fall-seeded grain. (VanCleave, Meharg). NEW MEXICO - Averaged 2-4 per linear foot in barley in Quay, Curry and Roosevelt Counties. (N. M. Coop. Rpt.). ENGLISH GRAIN APHID (Macrosiphum granarium) - TEXAS - Light, non-economical infestations found in 10 of 114 fields of small grain examined, November 13-21. Infestations were located in 7 counties. (Chada). None found in 15 small grain fields examined in 5 central counties, December 3. (Hawkins). WINTER GRAIN MITE (Penthaleus major) - TEXAS - Up to 40-50 per square foot, mostly in volunteer grain, found in 10 of 114 fields examined November 13-21. Infestations were found in 8 counties. Growing conditions are good, damage not apparent. (Chada). Infestations up to 40-50 per square foot found in 2 fields of volunteer grain in McLennan County; light infestations in 2 fields in Navarro County; and 2 fields in Bosque and Falls Counties had light damage. Survey made December 3. (Hawkins). LEAFHOPPERS - TEXAS - Light infestations in practically all small grain fields. (Chada) . VARIEGATED CUTWORM (Peridroma margaritosa) - TEXAS - Averaged 2 per square foot in field of grain and vetch in Navarro County. (Hawkins). PINK SCAVENGER CATERPILLAR (Pyroderces rileyi) - PENNSYLVANIA - Two adults in kernel of field corn near Philadelphia, November 22. (Menusan). APHIDS - CALIFORNIA - Sappaphis foeniculus and Aphis medicaginis medium on clover in the Natoma area of Sacramento County. (Cal. Coop. Rpt.). PEA APHID (Macrosiphum pisi) - NEW MEXICO - Generally light in alfalfa fields in southern part of State. Winged forms abundant. (N. M. Coop. Rpt.). SPOTTED ALFALFA APHID (Therioaphis maculata) - VIRGINIA - Remained active on alfalfa in Franklin County. (Rowell, White). OKLAHOMA - Heavy populations seriously damaged or killed alfalfa plants in 2 Payne County fields. (Walton). NEW MEXICO - Generally light in fields in southern counties. (N. M. Coop. Rpt.). BROWN WHEAT MITE (Petrobia latens) - OKLAHOMA - Small numbers in fall-seeded fields,Tillman and Garfield Counties. (VanCleave, Meharg). TEXAS - None found in small grain examined in north central, central and southern areas, Nov. 13-21 (Chada) or in 5 central counties checked Dec. 3 (Hawkins). = |994) — MEADOW SPITTLEBUG (Philaenus leucophthalmus) - NEW JERSEY - Except for 1956, egg mass numbers have declined steadily Since the beginning of fall surveys in 1953 and the species has been considered less important as a pest of alfalfa. Egg populations in 1958 are lower than at any time in the past. It appears that the species will be less of a pest in 1959 than at any time since 1954. Highest populations can be expected in Gloucester County and northwestern counties, as usual. (Coop. Sur.). WHITE GRUBS - VIRGINIA - Cyclocephala sp. believed species responsible for damage of lawn in Boones Mill area, Franklin County, and for complaints of lawn damage in Blacksburg, Montgomery County. (Amos). FRUIT INSECTS AN ACORN MOTH (Valentinia glandulella) - VIRGINIA - Larvae caused heavy damage to Chinese chestnuts in Northampton County this fall. Det. H. W. Capps. (Rowell, Nottingham). HICKORY SHUCKWORM (Laspeyresia caryana) - TEXAS - Damaged pecans in Polk County. (Wrenn). A TINEID (Ereunetis minuscula) - FLORIDA - Larvae collected on lychee at Clearwater, Pinellas County, constitute first record for State. (Fla. Coop. Sur.). Citrus Insect Situation, Lake Alfred, Florida, Fourth Week in November —- PURPLE SCALE activity declined. Infestations presently about average, but expected to go to low level in most districts during December. FLORIDA RED SCALE will remain near present high level for next 7-14 days. Although infestations generally will drop during December, level will be high throughout the month. CITRUS RED MITE activity increased, infestation level about normal for this time of year. Higher level expected in December. CITRUS RUST MITE activity decreased on leaves and fruit. Infestations will remain near present levels during December. TEXAS CITRUS MITE infestations decreased and are expected to remain below present levels through the winter. (Fla. Coop. Sur.). TRUCK CROP INSECTS A CUTWORM (Proxenus mindara) - CALIFORNIA - Larvae damaged cantaloup plantings in Fresno County earlier in 1958 and are now damaging sweetpotato plantings. Medium numbers of adults taken in light traps, week of December 5. Adults reared from larvae that attacked cantaloup determined as this species by George Okumura. (Forst, Lange). CARROT WEEVIL (Listronotus oregonensis) - TEXAS —- Heavy and feeding on parsley in Hidalgo County. (White). COWPEA WEEVIL (Callosobruchus maculatus) - CALIFORNIA - Heavy on black-eyed peas in Santa Margarita, San Luis Obispo County. (Cal. Coop. Rpt.). PEPPER WEEVIL (Anthonomus eugenii) - NEW JERSEY - During June and July, 1958, 32 fields in the previously infested area were checked for this weevil and in September and October 29 fields in the same area were checked again. No weevils were found in either the formal survey or the informal searches. It appears that the infestation, which was established in the Vineland area, did not survive the winter in detectable numbers. (Coop. Sur.). - 995 - RED-NECKED CANE BORER (Agrilus ruficollis) - VIRGINIA - Heavy in red raspberry canes in Blacksburg and caused loss of crop. (Willard, Kite). GREEN PEACH APHID (Myzus persicae) - CALIFORNIA - Light on broccoli in the Arroyo Grande area of San Luis Obispo County. (Cal. Coop. Rpt.). LEAF MINERS - CALIFORNIA - General on spinach plantings in Woodland area of Yolo County. Oviposition punctures on most cotyledons and first true leaves. No mining at this time. (Stombler). COTTON INSECTS PINK BOLLWORM (Pectinophora gossypiella) - NEW MEXICO - Inspection of infested cotton fields in southern Dona Ana County showed that recent freezing temperatures killed larvae in top green bolls, but an occasional live larva was found in lower dry bolls. (N. M. Coop. Rpt.). FOREST, ORNAMENTAL AND SHADE TREE INSECTS SOUTHERN PINE BEETLE (Dendroctonus frontalis) - NORTH CAROLINA - Situation improved over last report of infestation of pine in Tyrrell County. (Green). See CEIR 8(37) :803. WESTERN PINE BEETLE (Dendroctonus brevicomis) - CALIFORNIA - Caused considerable killing of groups of pines in Nevada-Yuba County areas. Results of logging activities considered responsible for insect increase. (Gunter, Noyes). AN IPS BEETLE (Ips plastographus) - CALIFORNIA - Considerable damage to Monterey pine in Cambria area, San Luis Obispo County. Heavy infestations developed as result of logging operations and are aggressively attacking and killing large numbers of trees. Scattered infestations in Carmel-Point Lobos area constitute threat to timber stands. (Struble). OAK SKELETONIZER (Bucculatrix ainsliella) - PENNSYLVANIA - Cocoons covering bark of oak in Erie County, Sept. 29. (Adams). A SAWFLY (Neodiprion pratti pratti) - NORTH CAROLINA - Reported in CEIR 8(21) :415 as Neodiprion sp. prob. dyari and in CEIR 8(46) :941 as Neodiprion sp., determined as this species by B. D. Burks. (Farrier). SCALE INSECTS - TEXAS - Icerya purchasi damaged ornamentals in Limestone County. (Kinchelse). CALIFORNIA - Aspidiotus camelliae medium on holly in Watsonville, Santa Cruz County. Lineaspis cupressi heavy on juniper in the Coalinga area, Fresno County. (Cal. Coop. Rpt.). A BARK APHID (Pterocomma smithae) - MARYLAND - On willow in Ellicott City and Rockville. Many eggs on twigs. (U. Md., Ent. Dept.). INSECTS AFFECTING MAN AND ANIMALS CATTLE GRUBS (Hypoderma spp.) - UTAH - Appearing in backs of some cattle in Millard and Box Elder Counties. : (Knowlton). SHEEP SCAB MITE (Psoroptes equi var. ovis) - VIRGINIA - Found on 518 of 538 sheep inspected in the State during October. (Morris). - 996 - STORED-PRODUCT INSECTS KHAPRA BEETLE (Trogoderma granarium) - CALIFORNIA - Single, heavy infestation reported from Ripley, Riverside County, is first infestation reported in 6 months. (Cal. Coop. Rpt.). BENEFICIAL INSECTS PREDATORS - OKLAHOMA - Hippodamia convergens averaged O-1 and Nabis sp. 0-2 per linear foot in fields of fall-seeded grain in southwestern area of State. H. convergens averaged up to 600 per square foot in little bluestem grass in the same area. (VanCleave, Meharg). MISCELLANEOUS INSECTS BROWN-BANDED ROACH (Supella supellectilium) - MARYLAND - Troublesome to homeowners in Westminster, Rockville and Silver Spring. (U. Md., Ent. Dept.). A SUBTERRANEAN TERMITE - UTAH - Damaged a home at Ephraim, Sanpete County. (Knowlton). CORRECTION CEIR 8(48) :963 - PEA APHID - OKLAHOMA - Averaged 5-25 per sweep in some alfalfa fields in northeastern area. LIGHT TRAP COLLECTIONS Pseudaletia Agrotis Feltia Heliothis unipuncta ypsilon subterranea zea LOUISIANA Baton Rouge 11/28-12/4 4 16 28 2 Franklin 11/28-12/4 2 2 MISSISSIPPI *State College 11/22-24 14 3 3 *Two traps - State College. Oa SUMMARY OF INSECT CONDITIONS - 1958 OREGON Prepared by Joseph Capizzi* Highlights: PAINTED-LADY was a major problem, attacking many vegetables during early summer. Forewarned by large light trap collections at Salem and Walla Walla, extremely large numbers of BLACK and VARIEGATED CUTWORMS that appeared in the State were not unexpected. ALFALFA LOOPER was one species of looper that caused considerable damage from Umatilla County west to Linn and Benton Counties. CABBAGE LOOPER was a problem throughout the season in the northern Willamette Valley. ORIENTAL FRUIT MOTH continued to gain locally in the Salem area with twice as many moths collected in baitpans (347) as in 1957. Twenty orchards are known infested. CYCLAMEN MITE was found in commercial strawberry plantings in the Willamette Valley. Nineteen of 196 fields inspected were found infested this fall. BEET ARMYWORM, uncommon in Oregon, appeared in large numbers attacking truck crops and damaged ripening fruit. SPOTTED ALFALFA APHID invaded the State September 13. Subsequent surveys established its presence in four northern counties. Cereal and Forage Insects: GRASSHOPPER populations (predominately Melanoplus Spp.) were the lowest recorded in the Willamette Valley for several years. From USDA reports, this was true of the entire State in 1958. MORMON CRICKET (Anabrus simplex) nymphs averaged 25 per square yard on 3500 acres of rangeland in Gilliam County April 29. Near freezing weather the week of May 17 decreased this-infestation to less than one per square yard. A LEAF MINER (Phytomyza nigra) waS more numerous than for several years on grass and grain fields in Benton and Lane Counties. CUTWORMS (Peridroma margaritosa and Agrotis ypsilon) damaged several hundred acres of barley and some oat fields were 10-30 percent damaged in lower Klamath Lake area June 23. CORN EARWORM (Heliothis zea)was very abundant with nearly all fields 100 percent infested in the upper Columbia River counties by harvest time. Increased infestations developed in the mid- Willamette Valley counties during 1958, with cannery Samples showing losses ' ranging to 7 percent of ear weight. Late season losses showed 60-90 percent of ears damaged. A FLEA BEETLE (probably Diachus auratus) caused unusual amount of damage to crimson clover in Polk County. The overwintering generation appeared in large numbers in early May. A MITE (Siteroptes graminum) implicated in the transmission of "silvertop disease'' to fescue, was recovered from Chew- ings fescue in January, and found in diseased grass stems in Clackamas County June 11. OMNIVOROUS LEAF TIER (Cnephasia longana) populations were low compared with those of 1957. ENGLISH GRAIN APHID (Macrosiphum granarium) was light to moderate in wheat near Milton-Freewater and small fields near Pratum, and increased in Umatilla County by mid-season but was not reported as damaging from any other growing areas. As a yellow dwarf virus vector, it was of concern in spring planted barley and oats in the Willamette Valley. PEA LEAF WEEVIL (Sitona lineata) damaged legumes during the spring from Columbia County south through Polk and Marion Counties. Increase in range noted through Linn and Benton Counties and well into Lane County. Pea leaf weevil disappeared from Polk and Yamhill County legume fields between July 23-30 probably because of extremely hot weather. CLOVER ROOT CURCULIO (Sitona hispidula) was numerous in Klamath County from early March on alsike clover but was not unusually abundant elsewhere during 1958. PEA APHID (Macrosiphum pisi) did not build *With the assistance of entomologists from the State Department of Agriculture, Oregon State College and other agencies. - 998 - up excessively in the Willamette Valley but high populations appeared in Gilliam and Umatilla Counties in early April and late May. In Ontario, controls on alfalfa were necessary the end of May. Alsike clover and alfalfa were seriously infested in early June in Klamath County. In Jackson County, populations varied from field to field throughout the season. ALFALFA WEEVIL (Hypera postica) was not a serious threat during 1958. LYGUS BUGS (Lygus spp.) were generally abundant and damaged seed legumes where controls were delayed or omitted. Particular areas of above normal infestation were near Ontario-Adrian, and in Umatilla County on alfalfa. CLOVER SEED WEEVIL (Miccotrogus picirostris) caused moderate damage to alsike clover in Klamath County and to ladino in Linn County in early June. CLOVER ROOT BORER (Hylastinus obscurus) was serious locally in Marion County in first-year red clover seed fields. A BILLBUG (Calendra venatus confluens) damaged lawns in Benton County and Merion blue grass fields in Marion County. HESSIAN FLY (Phytophaga destructor) incidence was low in 1958, with light early season damage to winter wheat in Polk, Marion and Yamhill Counties. A NITIDULID (Meligethes nigrescens) began migrating to red clover July 4, two weeks earlier than in 1957. Pole beans were not in blossom at this time. Emergence reached a rapid peak and populations dropped below economic levels by July 21. TWO-SPOTTED SPIDER MITE (Tetranychus telarius) populations were high in Umatilla County alfalfa fields during July and control was necessary. Fruit Insects: CODLING MOTH (Carpocapsa pomonella) emerged May 1 in Jackson County, May 8 in the Willamette Valley and May 11 and 14 at The Dalles and Hood River respectively. In Jackson County a partial third brood developed. More fruit injury occurred than usual. In Hood River, infestations were heavy and larger catches were made than at any time since 1953. BLACK CHERRY APHID (Myzus cerasi) emerged in the mid-Willamette Valley about March 16, built up in many cherry orchards in May and gradually dropped by early August. First-brood nymphs of PEAR PSYLLA (Psylla pyricola) were observed March 11 in the Medford area, considerably in advance of 1957. Heavy natural mortality occurred early in the season in Jackson County. Control was less difficult than in 1957. In the Willamette Valley, pear psylla was more abundant than usual. PEAR THRIPS (Taeniothrips inconsequens) populations were generally lower than in 1957. ORIENTAL FRUIT MOTH (Grapholitha molesta) trapping continued on a large scale throughout the State. The first moth was collected near Salem May 7. Populations increased in known infested orchards. Fruit damage was noted for the first time in this area. CALIFORNIA PEAR-SLUG (Pristiphora californica) - An unusual occurrence in the Medford area caused considerable defoliation to pear orchards in early May. EUROPEAN RED MITE (Panonychus ulmi) built up in Benton County apple orchards in early July. A slight increase over 1957 was noted in Jackson County. TWO-SPOTTED SPIDER MITE continued to show resistance to organic phosphates in the Medford area. Spotty infestations occurred in Jackson County pear orchards. In the Willamette Valley, populatiens built up on stone fruits in late August. At Hood River, this and Eotetranychus carpini were more abundant during July on apples and pears than in the previous four years. PEACH SILVER MITE (Vasates cornutus) became quite abundant on peach foliage after harvest in the Medford area. A PLUM NURSERY MITE (Vasates fockeui) severely damaged prune nursery stock in Portland and young prune trees in the Willamette Valley in early August. RED-HUMPED CATERPILLAR (Schizura concinna) was abundant in poorly kept apple orchards in Deschutes County in August, and appeared locally in apple, prune and other fruit orchards in Milton-Freewater. PEACH TWIG BORER (Anarsia lineatella) numbers were larger than normal in the Willamette Valley during June and caused late summer fruit damage in a few Clackamas County peach orchards. APPLE APHID (Aphis pomi) eggs were on 5 percent of apple trees in several orchards at Milton-Freewater in February. Eggs in the Medford area were not as abundant as in 1957. Apple aphid was active and moder- ately plentiful in Benton County apple orchards by March 16. PEAR LEAF BLISTER MITE (Eriophyes pyri) eggs ranged from few to 154 per bud February 17 at Medford. = ERIE) = First brood appeared March 4 in Jackson County. Populations appeared on the decrease in 1958. A build-up was observed in Marion and Yamhill County pear orchards in May. Infestations of WOOLLY APPLE APHID (Eriosoma lanigerum) were reported from Yamhill County apple orchards in May. LECANIUM SCALE (Lecanium corni) was fairly abundant in Marion County prune and cherry orchards during the winter months. Peaches in Yamhill and prunes in Marion Counties were reported infested in May. OBLIQUE-BANDED LEAF ROLLER (Archips rosaceana) was heavy in neglected apple orchards in the Willamette Valley during May. WESTERN CHERRY FRUIT FLY (Rhagoletis cingulata indifferens) controls were adequate when spray programs were followed. TWO-SPOTTED SPIDER MITE was generally low in small fruits where it was troublesome in 1957. Build-up in late summer required some control. Strawberries in Yamhill and Marion Counties had spotty infestations in late August and September. STRAWBERRY CROWN MOTH (Ramosia bibionipennis) was heavy in some Washington County hill plantings in March. MEADOW SPITTLEBUG (Philaenus leucophthalmus) hatched in the Willamette Valley the week of April 6. Heavy populations built up on legumes, but remained normal on strawberries in 1958. CURRANT FRUIT FLY (Epochra canadensis) emerged from cages in Marion County April 21 and was no problem where control methods were adhered to. STRAWBERRY APHID (Pentatrichopus fragaefolii) was unusually abundant early in the season in Multnomah County plantings, but dropped off sharply in late summer. ORANGE TORTRIX (Argyrotaenia citrana) was moderate on blackberries and boysenberries in Marion County on May 29, and caused some damage to raspberry plantings in Linn County and boysen- berry plantings in Yamhill County, with some fruit loss in June. It was also troublesome in blackberry plantings in Marion County August 8. STRAWBERRY LEAF ROLLER (Ancylis comptana fragariae) required control in Polk County in early August. CYCLAMEN MITE (Steneotarsonemus pallidus) was found in 19 of 196 strawberry fields surveyed in Willamette Valley during September and October; most fields were lightly infested. These were the first known infestations in commercial plantings in the State. Nut Insects: Sticky board trap surveys for WALNUT HUSKFLY (Rhagoletis completa) in walnut growing areas of the State were negative. Unusual infestations of walnut by CODLING MOTH were reported from Eugene, Medford and Salem late in the season. A LEAF ROLLER (Archips rosana) populations remained low in most areas throughout the season. First adults were observed June 27 in the Willamette Valley. FILBERTWORM (Melissopus latiferreanus) emerged June 25 in Benton County, the earliest in 11 years. Infestations were spotty (lower than in 1957) in the Willamette Valley. APPLE MEALYBUG (Phenacoccus aceris) is of increasing concern to filbert growers in the Gervais area. Populations increased and reduction of yield was evident in a few orchards. Crawlers were first observed February 16. Egg-laying observed April 14 and by July 11, nymphs were observed feeding on foliage. FALL WEBWORM (Hyphantria cunea) was abundant, with 4-6 tents common per walnut tree in the Salem area July 27. Filberts, apples and other fruit trees were infested in the Willamette Valley, particularly in poorly kept orchards, Truck Crop Insects: LYGUS BUGS (Lygus spp.) were abundant in Umatilla County sugarbeet fields May 1. Controls were applied intermittently through the year. Over-all damage by ONION MAGGOT (Hylemya antiqua) was light throughout the State. BEAN APHID (Aphis fabae) built up near Jefferson and other Willamette Valley bean growing areas in early July and dropped below economic levels by late July. SLUGS caused severe damage to several bean plantings in Linn and Marion Counties the week of July 13, necessitating replanting. Corn foliage was also injured in Benton County. PAINTED-LADY (Vanessa cardui) was present in outbreak proportions during 1958. Large flights were observed in Linn County in mid-May. In June infestations were general on truck crops and wild host plants throughout the State. Beans, peas and mint were damaged in particular. CUTWORMS (Peridroma margaritosa and Agrotis ypsilon) were abundant in the Willamette Valley, doing economic damage in late June and early July. Corn, beans, mint and beets were seriously damaged in some areas. GREEN PEACH APHID (Myzus persicae) required = 1000 — control in potato seed acreages of Klamath County in late June and early July. WESTERN STRIPED CUCUMBER BEETLE (Acalymma trivittata) appeared in the Willamette Valley for the first time since 1947, infesting a small planting of squash and cucumbers in Benton County. WESTERN SPOTTED CUCUMBER BEETLE (Diabrotica unde- cimpunctata) continued serious on truck crops, home gardens and flower beds, with some alfalfa and peach fruit injury in Yamhill County. Bean plantings in the Willamette Valley were heavily attacked. BEET ARMYWORM (Laphygma exigua) appeared in large numbers from Columbia County south to Jackson County. A variety of crops were attacked. Damage was first observed in late July when large acreages of kale and beets were severely damaged in Benton County. In mid-August, a Second generation appeared and damage continued until September 6. CABBAGE APHID (Brevicoryne brassicae) adults and nymphs injured broccoli and young cauliflower plantings in the Gresham-Woodburn-Hillsboro areas August 1-10. Populations built up gradually on the fall crop, were moderate and general August 18-26, and, despite control practices, high populations existed into early September. CABBAGE LOOPER (Trichoplusia ni) infestations so severe as to resist control through July-August and early September existed in Washington, Multnomah and Marion Counties during 1958. Populations on cauliflower and broccoli were higher than those noted for several years. At the same time and location, DIAMONDBACK MOTH (Plutella maculipennis) was moderate but persisted until cauliflower and broccoli were harvested. Controls were only fair. IMPORTED CABBAGEWORM (Pieris rapae) was moderate, resisted controls. TWO-SPOTTED SPIDER MITE built up in late summer on many crops including hops, corn and gooseberries in the Willamette Valley. The spring survey to determine the over- wintering population of BEET LEAFHOPPER (Circulifer tenellus) in Morrow and Umatilla Counties began April 15. The over-all mean population for the 220 square foot samples taken was .165 per square foot, considerably smaller than the 1.31 recorded in 1957. More attention needs be directed to breeding areas immediately adjacent beet fields, as roadbanks, ditches, pathways and otherwise disturbed areas support a large population on wild hosts. In addition, volun- teer Sugar beets in the fields are heavily infested and pose an immediate threat to the emerging new planting. Surveys made in the 4-6 leaf stage on May 1 in the Hermiston area averaged 1-2 beet leafhoppers per linear foot of row. Late season estimates show curly top loss varied with location and time of planting. Ten percent loss to curly top virus disease was common in several Umatilla County sugar beet fields. Ornamental and Shade Tree Insects: HOLLY LEAF MINER (Phytomyza ilicis) infested a large commercial planting of holly in Portland for the first time. Surveys show no increase in the known infested area of the State, but known infesta- tions generally increased over 1957. ELM LEAF BEETLE (Galerucella xanthomelaena) infested elm throughout the State. POPLAR AND WILLOW BORER (Sternochetus lapathi) heavily damaged willow and poplar in Benton County. FOREST TENT CATERPILLAR (Malacosoma disstria) and WESTERN TENT CATERPILLAR’ (M. pluviale) emerged in the Willamette Valley by April 20. Infestations on agricultural crops were negligible. Considerable defoliation occurred in host trees along river banks and sloughs. Beneficial Insects: A SEED INFESTING WEEVIL (Apion ulicis) was released at four new sites, two each in Lane and Curry Counties. This weevil was introduced in 1955 to aid in the control of the gorse plant. Inspection of original release sites in Coos County disclosed huge populations present but still restricted to small areas. KLAMATHWEED BEETLES (Chrysolina spp.) show good control of the host weed in all areas of the State. Considerable western acreage is now completely free of the weed. An ALKALI BEE (Nomia melanderi) activity began a month early, ceased a month early. - 1001 - Household Insects: A SUBTERRANEAN TERMITE (Reticulitermes hesperus)and a_ DAMPWOOD TERMITE (Zootermopsis angusticollis) are becoming more Serious each year. This is partly related to the type of modern home construction that permits easy access and favorable conditions for termite development. CARPET BEETLES appear on the increase as house pests. Other insects troublesome in homes are INDIAN-MEAL MOTH, POWDER POST BEETLES, CLOVER MITE, PLANT BUGS, a WEEVIL (Trachyphloeus bifoveolatus) and BROWN-BANDED ROACH. This last named insect is becoming more generally distributed over the State. Stored-grain Pests: Total of 228 inspections, initial and repeat, were made for KHAPRA BEETLE during 1958 with negative results. Common pests of stored grains and grain products found were the CADELLE, GRANARY MITE (Glycyphagus destructor) , GRAIN MITE (Acarus siro) , SAW-TOOTHED GRAIN BEETLE, FLAT GRAIN BEETLE, GRANARY WEEVIL and MEDITERRANEAN FLOUR MOTH. LESSER GRAIN BORER was found in one grain establishment in Grants Pass and two in Ontario. SUMMARY OF INSECT CONDITIONS - 1958 WYOMING Prepared by Arlen D. Davison Highlights: BEET WEBWORM caused the most concern to farmers and ranchers this year. COTTONY MAPLE SCALE was found in two counties of the State. EUROPEAN EARWIG (Forficula auricularia) was found for the first time at Cheyenne, Laramie County. Cereal and Forage Insects: ALFALFA WEEVIL (Hypera postica) caused moderate damage to alfalfa on the elk refuge in Teton County during June and early July and minor damage to second-cutting alfalfa in Goshen and Lincoln Counties during July. During mid-August populations averaged 30 larvae per 20 sweeps in several fields in northern locations while in others only 2-3 larvae were found. LESSER CLOVER LEAF WEEVIL (Hypera nigrirostris) caused moderate damage to red clover hay in Teton County, on a limited scale in Park County. BEET WEBWORM (Loxostege sticticalis) adults were very abundant in Goshen County in late June but the expected larval population did not develop. Larvae were extremely abundant but restricted feeding to fanweed, lupine, lambsquarters and other weeds in Teton County, caused extensive damage to several bean fields and radish fields during July in Park County, severely damaged sugar beets in the Worland area, although control measures were applied, and destroyed several new alfalfa plantings in Sweetwater and Lincoln Counties. PEA APHID (Macrosiphum pisi) populations varied greatly throughout the season, with 150-200 per 10 sweeps in alfalfa throughout the State in August. During the week of September 12, many western alfalfa fields had as high as 750-800 per 10 sweeps. A heavy infestation retarded growth of second-cutting alfalfa in Platte County. CORN LEAF APHID (Rhopalosiphum maidis) was present throughout the southeastern section from August 1 to September 25, with minor damage reported. HESSIAN FLY (Phytophaga destructor) caused an estimated 2 percent loss of winter wheat in the northeastern part of the State. VARIEGATED CUTWORM (Peridroma margaritosa) caused minor damage in two alfalfa fields in Goshen County during September. An’outbreak of MORMON CRICKET (Anabrus simplex) occurred near Casper, Natrona County, the week of July 4. Movement was confined to foothills and rangeland. No serious damage was reported. WHEAT CURL MITE (Aceria tulipae) - Wheat streak mosaic caused moderate losses in isolated areas - 1002 - in the spring and in the fall was observed in isolated eastern areas. Efforts to collect the vector have thus far failed but it is undoubtedly present. GRASSHOPPERS caused severe damage to hay and crops in the Mill Creek area northeast of Lander during July and August. The most important species present were Melanoplus packardii, M.bivittatus, Camnula pellucida and nymphs and adults of M. femur-rubrum. M. bivittatus, M. bilituratus and M. femur-rubrum -damaged winter wheat in the Albin area, Laramie County, during September. Up to 12 drill rows were destroyed in some fields. Fruit Insects: PEAR-SLUG (Caliroa cerasi) damaged sweet and sour cherry trees in Goshen and Platte Counties throughout the summer. Truck Crop Insects: POTATO PSYLLID (Paratrioza cockerelli) populations fluctu- ated greatly throughout the growing season. Population averaged 8 per 50 sweeps in Cheyenne on June 27 and 44 on matrimonyvine forty miles to the east. None were found on early potatoes. The situation reversed with 55 per 50 sweeps at Cheyenne and 10 at Pine Bluffs on July 11. The population never averaged more than 4 per 100 sweeps on potatoes in southeastern area. The highest count in northern part of State was 10 per 50 sweeps in Washakie County. In general, control measures resulted in very little damage. MEXICAN BEAN BEETLE (Epilachna varivestis) was first observed during the week of June 27 in southeastern Wyoming. By August 1, the population averaged 2 adults and 4 larvae per 100 sweeps in Laramie, Goshen and Platte Counties, with light damage occurring. ~ During the last of August and early September beetles completely defoliated many fields in Goshen County. BEET LEAFHOPPER (Circulifer tenellus) infected several sugar beet fields with the curly top virus in Platte and Converse Counties during early August. The insect was not collected but the resulting disease caused a 20 percent loss in some fields in Platte County and a 1-2 percent loss in Converse County. Forest, Ornamental and Shade Tree Insects: COTTONY MAPLE SCALE (Pulvinaria innumerabilis) was found in two isolated areas during the summer. It is fairly numerous in Torrington, Goshen County, and was found in one yard in Worland, Washakie County. To date these are the only areas in the State in which it has been found. OYSTERSHELL SCALE (Lepidosaphes ulmi), EUROPEAN ELM SCALE (Gossyparia spuria) and PINE NEEDLE- SCALE (Phenacaspis pinifoliae) were common on Shade trees and shrubs throughout the State. All have resulted in loss of many yard trees and shrubs. Insects Affecting Man and Animals: Control programs for CATTLE GRUBS (Hypoderma Tineatum and H. bovis) are progressing well. In Sheridan County 1-2 percent of the horses used by several dude ranches were infested with grubs. Miscellaneous Insects: Several specimens of EUROPEAN EARWIG (Forficula auricularia) were found for the first time in Laramie County. - 1003 - INSECTS NOT KNOWN TO OCCUR IN THE UNITED STATES CHESTNUT WEEVIL (Curculio elephas (Gyllenhal)) Economic Importance: This curculio is one of the most serious pests of chestnuts in Europe. The larvae feed in the nuts, often completely destroying them. Additional injury is caused by the adults which puncture the base of the young nuts to feed, causing a premature nut fall as high as 20 percent of the crop in some instances. In Bulgaria it sometimes damages 70 percent of the crop. Larvae of this pest have been intercepted frequently at U. S. ports of entry in past years in chestnuts from Europe. Distribution: Recorded in Italy, France, Austria, Germany, Greece, Bulgaria, Algeria, Spain, Lebanon, Yugoslavia, Portugal, Hungary and Switzerland. Hosts: Chestnuts and acorns. * 160" 140" 120" FP Tali General Distribution of Curculio elephas (Gyllenhal) Life History and Habits: The adults are present from mid-July till October in France. The eggs are deposited singly in little holes made in the fruit. Each female will lay approximately 20 eggs. Larvae enter the cotyledons, their entrance holes rapidly becoming invisible. The presence of larvae in chestnuts is very difficult to detect. Larvae leave chestnuts in about 40 days after the eggs are laid, and enter the soil, where they pass the winter, and pupate about mid-June. Occasionally pupation and adult emergence occur in the nuts. Infested fruits usually fall prematurely and are often attacked by fungi. (Curculionidae, Coleoptera) No. 70 of Series - 1004 - Description: The rostrum of the female is as long as the body and twice as long as that of the male. The tarsus is long and slender and the dorsal side is uniformly composed of lanceolate yellowish or grayish scales. Antenna is very long and thin and covered with pubescence. The eyes are large. The general color of the weevil is russet with an ashen overcast from a dense pubescence. Length 6-9 mm. (Prepared in Plant Pest Survey Section in cooperation with other ARS agencies and the U. S. N. M.) CEIR 8 (50) 12-12-58 Figures of Curculio elephas (Gyll.) : A-pupa; B-mature larva; C-adult; D-head of mature larva; E-lateral-half of metathorax, mature larva. Figures (except map): Adult, larva and pupa from Colizza, C. 1928-1929. Bol. del Lab. di Zool. Generale e Agraria 22:244-262. Larval head and lateral-half of metathorax from La Ferla, A. 1945. Bol. R. Lab. Ent. Agrar. Portici 5:308-311. en an ee” AGRICULTURAL RESEARCH SERVICE — PLANT PEST CONTROL DIVISION PLANT PEST SURVEY SECTION The Cooperative Economic Insect Report is issued weekly as a service to American Agriculture. Its contents are compiled from information supplied by cooperating State, Federal, and industrial entomologists and other agricultural workers. In releasing this material the Division serves as a clearing house and doesnot assume responsibility for ac- curacy of the material. Reports and inquiries pertaining to this release should be mailed to: Plant Pest Survey Section Plant Pest Control Division Agricultural Research Service United States Department of Agriculture Washington 25, D. C. Volume 8 December 19, 1958 Number 51 COOPERATIVE ECONOMIC INSECT REPORT x ¥ ~ m 4 Seasons Greetings x * * “ ms Highlights of Insect Conditions BOLL WEEVIL hibernation survey in North Carolina, South Carolina and Virginia shows lower populations than in 1957. (p. 1008). INSECT DETECTION: A weevil (Brachyrhinus meridionalis) new to Washington. (p. 1008). An ant (Cardiocondyla nuda minutior) reported from California for the first time. (p. 1009). SUMMARY OF INSECT CONDITIONS - 1958 - Maine (p. 1010), Delaware (p. 1012). INSECTS not known to occur in the United States. (p. 1017). FOO OR IC I A I I GK ak 2k aC 2k 2k Reports in this issue are for the week ending December 12, unless otherwise designated. - 1006 - WEATHER BUREAU 30-DAY OUTLOOK MID-DECEMBER 1958 TO MID-JANUARY 1959 The Weather Bureau's 30-day outlook for the period mid-December to mid-January calls for temperatures to average below seasonal normals over the eastern half of the nation except for near normal in the Florida Peninsula. Above normal temperatures are expected to prevail west of the Continental Divide. In the intervening area of the Central Plains about normal averages are in prospect, but with large variations about the normal. Precipitation is expected to equal or exceed normal east of the Appalachians, along the Gulf Coast, and over the eastern Great Lakes. In central and northern portions much of this will be in the form of snow. Equal or above normal amounts are also expected over the Pacific Northwest and in the Central and Northern Plains. In the remainder of the country subnormal precipitation is anticipated. Weather forecast given here is based on the official 30-day "Resume and Outlook", published twice a month by the Weather Bureau. You can subscribe through Superintendent of Documents, Washington 25, D. C. Price $4.80 a year, $2.40 a half year. WEATHER OF THE WEEK ENDING DECEMBER 15 Extreme cold and widespread snowfall featured the week's weather east of the Continental Divide, while unseasonably mild temperatures continued in the Far West as drought and a high fire hazard plagued parts of California. Heavy precipitation during the week was limited mostly to the Southeast and East Coast and the Pacific Northwest. As southward creeping Arctic air hovered over most of the North American Continent, temperatures remained far below normal levels throughout the week in northern areas east of the Divide and in southern areas the latter part. In the Great Lakes region and upper Mississippi Valley, temperatures, below the zero mark most nights and even during some days at a few stations, averaged as much as 26° below seasonal levels for the week. Although few new extreme low temperature records were reported, lows ranging from zero to a few degrees above in Oklahoma were the lowest at many stations for December in 30 years, and the mercury touched the zero mark at Hartford, Connecticut, the earliest on record. For New England, the first half of December rates among the coldest in 48 years. A low of -19° at Wabash, Indiana,on the 10th was the second lowest ever recorded in that State so early in December; the lowest was -30° at Marengo on the same date in 1917. Some other lows reported from extreme northern areas included -34° at International Falls, Minnesota, on the 10th; -23° at Lone Rock, Wisconsin, on the 13th; and -22° at Newport, Vermont, on the llth. Following a weekend cold wave in Louisiana and Texas, temperatures dropped below freezing, except in the lower Rio Grande Valley where freezing was prevented by a cloud cover. Freezing was general over Mississippi, Alabama, Georgia and northern Florida on 1 or 2 days. Precipitation in most areas east of the Rockies, owing to low temperatures, fell as snow. The main snowfall occurred during a coastal storm on the llth and 12th. Some snow was reported in all the Southern States, but the most remarkable falls occurred in the eastern Carolinas and Virginia where 7-8 inches covered extensive areas, with extreme amounts of 16-18 inches in north central and northeastern North Carolina. Amounts tapered off to a few inches farther north. At the end of the week, 1-9 inches of snow still covered most sections of the eastern Seaboard States from the Carolinas northward. In the midcontinent area a 1 to 4-inch cover extended over the northern half of Weather continued on Page 1016 - 1007 - CEREAL AND FORAGE INSECTS GREENBUG (Toxoptera graminum) - TEXAS - Infestations observed in most of pan- handle area (Daniels), averaged 10 per linear foot in one area of Carson County (Turney) , and some damage to oats observed in Van Zandt County. (Davis). SPOTTED ALFALFA APHID (Therioaphis maculata) - OKLAHOMA - Populations continued heavy on alfalfa in Payne County despite sub-freezing weather. (Bryan). TEXAS - Light, widespread infestations on alfalfa in Rockwall County. Weather checked a buildup for the present. (Davis). APHIDS - SOUTH CAROLINA - Unusually abundant on oats and infesting barley in Anderson County. (Nettles et al.). FRUIT INSECTS CODLING MOTH (Carpocapsa pomonella) - CALIFORNIA - Larvae light on pear trees in Ophir, Placer County. (Cal. Coop. Rpt.). A LOOPER (Anacamptodes fragilaria) - CALIFORNIA - Medium to heavy on navel orange trees in Redlands area, San Bernardino County, with 100-300 per tree on 80 acres of oranges. (Atkins). NAVEL ORANGEWORM (Paramyelois transitella) - CALIFORNIA - Heavy in walnuts in Sacramento, Sacramento County. Heavy in old peach fruit and light in walnuts in Marysville, Yuba County. (Cal. Coop. Rpt.). CALIFORNIA RED SCALE (Aonidiella aurantii) - TEXAS - Attacked lemon trees in Calhoun County. (Garner). PEAR PSYLLA (Psylla pyricola) - CALIFORNIA - Reported on pear trees in the Newcastle area of Placer County. (Cal Coop: 2Rpt.). WALNUT HUSK FLY (Rhagoletis completa) - CALIFORNIA - Specimens taken from traps in the Los Gatos, Santa Clara and San Jose areas of Santa Clara County. (Cal. Coop. Rpt.). GRAPE ERINEUM MITE (Eriophyes vitis) - CALIFORNIA - Caused concern to growers in Lodi area, San Joaquin County, with as much as 25-30 percent damaged spurs in some vineyards. (Cherry). TRUCK CROP INSECTS A CUTWORM (Proxenus mindara) - CALIFORNIA - Caused some damage to cantaloup in the Los Banos area, Merced County. (Cal. Coop. Rpt.). A STRAWBERRY CROWN MOTH (Ramosia sp., prob. bibionipennis) - CALIFORNIA - Medium on bushberries in Santa Cruz, Santa Cruz County. (Cal. Coop. Rpt.). A LEAFHOPPER (Draeculacephala minerva) - CALIFORNIA - Adults light on lettuce plantings in Brawley area of Imperial County. (Cal. Coop. Rpt.). ONION THRIPS (Thrips tabaci) - TEXAS - Averaged less than one per plant on newly set onions in Dimmit County. (Harding). SIX-SPOTTED LEAFHOPPER (Macrosteles fascifrons) - TEXAS - Medium and widespread in Dimmit County. Aster yellows on carrots severe in spots. (Harding). = |1008) = COTTON INSECTS Boll Weevil Hibernation Survey in South Carolina, North Carolina and Virginia - 1958. The same five areas in these States were sampled from November 17 to a ah December 4 as in the fall of 1957, with 3 samples of 2 square yards each being taken at each of 30 locations (farm sites) per area. Area 1 consisted of Orangeburg, Bamberg and Dorchester Counties, South Carolina, and averaged 995 live boll weevils per acre, as compared with 3,978 for 1957. Area 2, consis- ting of Florence, Darlington and Marlboro Counties, South Carolina, and Scotland County, North Carolina, averaged 4,625 per acre, as compared with 11,374 for 1957. Area 3, composed of Anderson, Greenville and Spartanburg Counties, South Carolina, and Mecklenburg, Cleveland and Union Counties, North Carolina, averaged 2,635 live boll weevils per acre, as compared with 6,752 for 1957. Area 4, comprised of Edgecombe, Franklin, Nash and Wilson Counties, North Carolina, averaged 968 live boll weevils per acre, aS compared with 2,205 for 1957: Area 5, composed of Brunswick, Mecklenburg, Nansemond and Southampton Counties, Virginia, averaged 511 live boll weevils per acre, as compared with 3,335 for 1957. (Ent. Res., PPC, Coop. Averages by Area States) . FOREST, ORNAMENTAL AND SHADE TREE INSECTS PINE REPRODUCTION WEEVIL (Cylindrocopturus eatoni) = CALIFORNIA - Increasing damage reported to 140-acre plantation in Stanislaus National Forest in Sonora area, Stanislaus County, with as many as 10-20 trees per acre being killed. (Fowler). A WEEVIL (Brachyrhinus meridionalis) - WASHINGTON - Specimens collected on privet hedge in Yakima constitute first record for the State. Det. R. E. Warner. (Brunson). A ROOT BORER - LOUISIANA - Destroyed nursery stocks of Magnolia grandiflora in Covington area. (Spink). APHIDS - MARYLAND - Macrosiphum rosae heavy on roses at Adelphi, Prince Georges County, November 27. (U. Md., Ent. Dept.). CALIFORNIA - Hyalopterus arundinis heavy on bamboo in Brawley, Imperial County. (Cal. Coop. Rpt.). SOUTHERN RED MITE (Oligonychus ilicis) - LOUISIANA - Medium on commercial plantings of azalea and holly in Covington area. (Spink). TWO-SPOTTED SPIDER MITE (Tetranychus telarius) - OKLAHOMA - Moderate to heavy on carnations, chrysanthemums, pepper plants, roses and abelia in northeastern part of State. (Price). Found on chenille plant in Oklahoma City area. (Latham). WALNUT SCALE (Aspidiotus juglans-regiae) - CALIFORNIA - Medium on Lombardy poplar trees in El Cajon area, San Diego County. (Cal. Coop. Rpt.). = 1009 %— INSECTS AFFECTING MAN AND ANIMALS CATTLE LICE - UTAH - Cattle in Fielding feed yards and on range in western Box Elder County severely infested. (Knowlton). STORED-PRODUCT INSECTS Stored-grain Insect Situation in Nebraska - Examination of 5l samples of corn submitted by CCC area supervisors during November showed insects present in 25.6 percent and rodent contamination in 51.9 percent of the bins examined. All insect populations were light. (Kantack). MISCELLANEOUS INSECTS A COTTON STAINER (Dysdercus andreae) - FLORIDA - Numerous adults and immature forms collected on seaside mahoe at Key West, Monroe County. This species has not previously been reported in large numbers from the State. (Woodruff, Swanson, Dowling). EARWIGS - LOUISIANA - Heavily infested slab homes in Jefferson and Orleans Parishes. (Spink). AN ANT (Cardiocondyla nuda minutior) - CALIFORNIA - Medium in a concrete terrace in San Diego, San Diego County. This is the first report of this ant from the States Det. Mack. smith. (Call Coop. Rpt.) MILLIPEDES - LOUISIANA - Heavily infested yards and driveways in Baton Rouge. (Spink). LIGHT TRAP COLLECTIONS Pseudaletia Agrotis Feltia Heliothis unipuncta ypsilon subterranea zea FLORIDA Gainesville 12/3-10 4 6 2 iL Quincy 12/2 10 LOUISIANA Baton Rouge 12/5-11 26 22 23 NEBRASKA Lincoln 10/20-11/25 34 4 442 SOUTH CAROLINA Charleston 12/1-7 20 40 30 nm = dlfoaley = SUMMARY OF INSECT CONDITIONS - 1958 MAINE Reported by L. W. Boulanger and R. W. Paulson Cereal and Forage Insects: A STALK BORER (probably Papaipema nebris) was moderate to severe on untreated corn in Aroostook County. APHIDS caused light damage to oats in Orono, Hartland and southern Aroostook. A WEEVIL (Stomodes gyrosicollis) attacked field crops in the Augusta area. Light infestations and damage by EUROPEAN CORN BORER (Pyrausta nubilalis) occurred in several localized instances. CORN EARWORM (ielicthis zea) was light throughout the State and only one case of light injury was reported. ARMYWORMS caused moderate injury to millet in Androscoggin County and severe damage to one planting in Cumberland County. Several species of CUTWORM adults were taken in large numbers in light traps in the Augusta area but infestations did not develop in proportion. Fruit Insects: APPLE MEALYBUG (Phenacoccus aceris) infestations continued to increase in many areas; orchards in Waldo and Franklin Counties were particu- larly hard hit. On the other hand, infestations in northern Androscoggin County began declining from the 1957 level. Natural causes are believed responsible for this decrease. APPLE APHID (Aphis pomi) populations were rather heavy throughout the State although parasitism was surprisingly high in late July. TWO-SPOTTED SPIDER MITE (Tetranychus telarius) infestations were heavy in early season in York County but were kept below injurious levels in most areas by the wet, cool season until late August. EUROPEAN RED MITE (Panonychus ulmi) numbers did not build up to appreciable levels at any time during the season. CODLING MOTH (Carpocapsa pomonella) incidence was about half that of 1957 in trouble areas. APPLE MAGGOT (Rhagoletis pomonelia) emergence was considerably delayed and peak emergence was well beyond that of 1957. Infestations in many orchards were moderate and several orchards suffered severe damage. BLUEBERRY INSECTS were generally low in numbers. Most injurious was a THRIPS (Frankliniella vaccinii), moderate infestations of which caused moderate to severe injury in numerous areas in Knox and Lincoln Counties and light infestations of BLUEBERRY MAGGOT (Rhagoletis pomonella) caused light to moderate damage in Washington County. GEOMETRIDS caused light injury to blueberry plants in York and Washington Counties and BLACK ARMY CUTWORM (Actebia fennica) injury was generally low. CYCLAMEN MITE (Steneotarsonemus pallidus) infestations reached high levels early and caused severe crop reductions in many producing areas. Particularly hard hit were sections in Penobscot and Washington Counties. TWO-SPOTTED SPIDER MITE numbers built up early in the latter county; grower control was good with no recurrence during remainder of the season. Truck Crop Insects: All insects were generally light and damage of little consequence. Among those causing other than just noticeable injury were the following: SPINACH LEAF MINER (Pegomya hyoscyami) caused moderate damage to spinach in the Orono and Hermon areas. ROOT MAGGOTS (probably Hylemya spp.) damage was unusually severe in several vegetable plantings on or near Aroostook Farm. SEED-CORN MAGGOT (Hylemya cilicrura) caused moderate damage to spinach in Cumberland County. A STALK BORER (Papaipema sp.) caused moderate injury to tomatoes in Androscoggin County. Dry and snap beans in the Monmouth area and Snap beans in the Hartland section were moderately damaged by MEXICAN BEAN BEETLE (Epilachna varivestis). Infestations of LETTUCE ROOT APHIDS were about the same as 1957. Heaviest infestations continued to be found in Cape Elizabeth area. POTATO INSECTS were low in density, APHIDS (BUCKTHORN, Aphis abbreviata; =e OG POTATO, Macrosiphum solanifolii; GREEN PEACH, Myzus persicae; FOXGLOVE, Myzus solani) and POTATO FLEA BEETLE (Epitrix cucumeris) were Slow in developing and peak numbers were much later and smaller than in 1957. Aphid development was also slowed by fungus diseases, parasites and predators. (W. A. Shands, U.S.D.A. and M.A.E.S. staff). TARNISHED PLANT BUG (Lygus lineolaris) injury on rasp- berries was generally light throughout the State but several areas experienced moderate to severe injury in localized plantings. Ornamental Insects: For the most part, infestations and damage were light. ROSE CHAFER (Macrodactylus subspinosus) caused moderate injury to a variety of plants in southern Maine and infestations of a GARDEN SLUG caused severe damage to ornamentals in the Portland and Bar Harbor areas. EUROPEAN EARWIG (Forficula auricularia) infestations were heavy in Portland and South Portland causing severe damage to flowering plants. This insect has moved very rapidly north and east in the State; specimens have been recovered in Bar Harbor, Camden, Augusta and Orono. GLADIOLUS THRIPS (Taeniothrips simplex) caused severe injury in Portland and vicinity; also present in moderate numbers in most commercial plantings in Androscoggin and Oxford Counties but damage in these cases was light. Forest and Shade Tree Insects: (R. W. Nash, Maine Forest Service, Augusta): EASTERN TENT CATERPILLAR (Malacosoma americanum) and GYPSY MOTH (Porthetria dispar) infestations were light. PINE LEAF APHID (Pineus pinifoliae) occurred in outbreak level in eastern and western Maine; damage was moderate to severe. BALSAM GALL MIDGE (Itonida balsamicola) caused moderate damage to balsam fir in eastern sections of the State and BALSAM WOOLLY APHID (Chermes piceae) caused moderate injury in Some localized trouble areas. BIRCH LEAF MINER (Fenusa pusilla) occurred in statewide outbreak proportions on gray birch; damage was severe when trees were of ornamental value. YELLOW-HEADED SPRUCE SAWFLY (Pikonema alaskensis) increased in southern Maine after several years of scarcity. There was a LARCH SAWFLY (Pristiphora erichsonii) outbreak in Sorrento, with severe local damage. WHITE-PINE WEEVIL (Pissodes strobi) was generally moderate on white pine and spruce; damage moderate. PINE BARK APHID (Pineus strobi) infestations were generally very heavy on white pine with light damage. Aircraft spraying for SPRUCE BUDWORM (Choristoneura fumiferana) on 300 ,000 acres in northern Maine gave high degree of control in preliminary evaluation. Populations in neighboring unsprayed areas did not decrease as much as expected. Washington County infestations dropped considerably due to high parasitism; parasites were collected and transferred from Aroostook County. The only reported case of trouble from the spraying in northern Aroostook County involved a sick horse which a veterinarian later diagnosed as heart trouble and old age. Insects Affecting Man and Animals: ELM LEAF BEETLE (Galerucella xanthomelaena) and CLOVER MITE (Bryobia praetiosa complex) caused some annoyance judging from inquiries received in Orono. PUNKIES (probably Culicoides spp.) and BLACK FLIES (Simulium spp.) were very annoying on inland waters and streams. Several flocks of sheep suffered light to moderate damage from SHEEP KED (Melophagus ovinus) infestations. This pest has been increasing in abundance in the State over the past three years. Miscellaneous Insects: Infestations and damage by a TIMBER BEETLE were moderate in the Wells and Belgrade areas. A CARPENTER ANT (probably Camponotus hercule- anus pennsylvanicus) caused moderate damage in camp timbers throughout the State. A heavy infestation of a FUNGUS BEETLE (Typhaea stercorea) was found in a barn in St. Albans; damage was undetermined. - 1012 - SUMMARY OF INSECT CONDITIONS - 1958 DELAWARE Prepared by Paul P. Burbutis and Marlin S. Conrad Highlights: EUROPEAN CORN BORER noticeably increased over 1957 with highest losses ever recorded in peppers. CORN EARWORM was particularly abundant and caused considerable local injury to untreated sweet corn and peppers. GREEN CLOVERWORM populations were very high, especially on soybeans. ALFALFA WEEVIL remains the number one pest on alfalfa with control measures mandatory for economic yields. IMPORTED CABBAGEWORM and CABBAGE LOOPER were major pests on crucifers statewide. COLORADO POTATO BEETLE on potatoes and tomatoes, TOBACCO HORNWORM on tomatoes, ASPARAGUS BEETLE on asparagus, SALT-MARSH CATERPILLAR on a variety of crops and PEA APHID on peas were important pests. CELERY LOOPER on carrots, PAINTED-LADY on soybeans, BULB FLY (Eumerus stigatus) on carrots, WILLOW SAWFLY on willow, an OAK SAWFLY (Caliroa lineata) on pin and red oak, a WHITE FLY (Aleurochiton forbesii), a LEAFHOPPER (Typhlocyba modesta) on red maple, a GALL MIDGE (Dasyneura gleditschiae) on Moraine locust and an APHID (Myzocallis tiliae) on linden, were all encountered for the first time as possible new pests in the State. Some have previously been reported either as pests of different host plants or with no host information. Cereal and Forage Insects: EUROPEAN CORN BORER (Pyrausta nubilalis) mortality of overwintering borers averaged 22 percent, 10 percent lower than spring of 1957. Pupation approached 50 percent in Sussex County by the last week of April and by May 20th adults were numerous. Fall abundance survey and weekly inspections indicate a continuing of the general increasing trend in abundance. Despite this, corn yields for 1958 reached a record high. The fall survey aver- aged 249 borers per 100 plants, compared with 90 in 1957. PEA APHID (Macrosiphum pisi) attained much higher proportions in alfalfa and clover than in 1957. First found in alfalfa March 8th, populations reached a peak by late May and early June. They decreased until August when a definite increase was noticeable and by early September were again numerous Statewide:. ALFALFA WEEVIL (Hypera postica) larvae became fairly common throughout the State by the third week of March. Highest larval populations occurred from mid-April to July with an apparent but smaller second peak occurring during August. Some mature larvae were picked up as late as November. Highest adult populations occurred during June and July. Injury was noticeable throughout the State in untreated fields in May. MEADOW SPITTLEBUG (Philaenus leucophthalmus) was common on alfalfa and clovers through- out the season but caused serious injury. GREEN CLOVERWORM (Plathypena scabra) was rather abundant in soybeans, alfalfa and clover. Injury did not noticeably reduce yields. CORN EARWORM (Heliothis zea) caused very light injury to soybeans, fed quite prevalently in ears of field and sweet corn with losses mostly in untreated sweet corn, and remained rather common in clover and alfalfa during the late summer. ARMYWORM (Pseudaletia unipuncta) caused some injury to late field corn in Sussex County but corn was able to outgrow the injury. Barley was most common host during early season. Numerous on alfalfa and clover during late June and July. VELVETBEAN CATERPILLAR (Anticarsia gemmatalis) was generally scarce. FALL ARMYWORM (Laphygma frugiperda) was common on late field corn and alfalfa throughout the State causing only light injury. GARDEN WEBWORM (Loxostege similalis) was first found in alfalfa in Kent County during July, but remained scarce until August when it became common in some fields of alfalfa throughout the State. No serious injury recorded. CLOVER ROOT CURCULIO (Sitona hispidula) adults decreased on alfalfa and clovers with very little injury noticeable. =) LOTS = JAPANESE BEETLE (Popillia japonica) very much decreased on alfalfa, clover and corn. Somewhat common on soybeans in early summer but decreased rapidly, with no serious injury. DUSKY SAP BEETLE (Carpophilus lugubris) remained more prevalent in Sussex County than in northern regions. Injury was never exten- sive. CORN FLEA BEETLE (Chaetocnema pulicaria) infested corn throughout the season, apparently never reached serious proportions. POTATO LEAFHOPPER (Empoasca fabae) increased gradually on alfalfa but was generally not dangerous. Also somewhat common on red clover and soybeans. CORN LEAF APHID (Rhopalosiphum maidis) was first noted in Sussex County the first of July, rapidly increased by late July, and by the second week of August was prevalent throughout the State, but markedly decreased by end of August. TARNISHED PLANT BUG (Lygus lineolaris) was very abundant in alfalfa, clover and soybeans. STALK BORER (Papaipema nebris) was common along border rows of field corn statewide in late June. SPOTTED CUCUMBER BEETLE (Diabrotica undecimpunctata howardi) remained common in most forage crops through the first of November. BLACK CUTWORM (Agrotis ypsilon) caused noticeable injury in some corn fields. STRAWBERRY SPIDER MITE (Tetranychus atlanticus) caused some injury to soybeans in late summer in eastern Sussex County but was greatly reduced compared with 1957. SALT-MARSH CATERPILLAR (Estigmene acrea) was common most of the summer statewide on soy- beans but no control was necessary. CLOVER HEAD CATERPILLAR (Grapholitha interstinctana) became prevalent in red clover in Some fields. CLOVER LEAF WEEVIL (Hypera punctata) was common in clover and alfalfa the first of April but diminished rapidly. PAINTED-LADY (Vanessa cardui) fed on soybeans, late June in Sussex County. BEAN LEAF BEETLE (Cerotoma trifurcata) caused slight injury to soybeans in late summer. ALFALFA CATERPILLAR (Colias philodice eurytheme) was statewide on alfalfa but most common in Sussex County with 3-4 per 10 sweeps during early August. LESSER CLOVER LEAF WEEVIL (Hypera nigrirostris) did not reach economic proportions in clover or alfalfa. BLISTER BEETLES (Epicauta spp.) were common in fields of alfalfa mostly in the northern half of State. ENGLISH GRAIN APHID (Macrosiphum granarium) was common on cereal crops as early as March 8 in Kent and Sussex Counties and was found on winter rye cover crop in late October. CLOVER LEAFHOPPER (Aceratagallia sanguinolenta) became fairly common on clover during late April but was not serious. Adults were present through October. RAPID PLANT BUG (Adelphocoris rapidus) and ALFALFA PLANT BUG (A. lineolatus) were present in small numbers on alfalfa most of the season, the former Species most common. Fruit Insects: APHIDS were generally not serious in orchards where control was applied. ROSY APPLE APHID (Anuraphis roseus) initially occurred in New Castle County in late April, later on apple foliage in Kent and Sussex Counties. APPLE APHID (Aphis pomi) was present in most orchards the first of May. WOOLLY APPLE APHID (Eriosoma lanigerum) occurred occasionally early in the season around pruning scars. STRAWBERRY WEEVIL (Anthonomus signatus) was very common early in Sussex County on strawberries. Adults caused moderate injury to flowers. RED-BANDED LEAF ROLLER (Argyrotaenia velutinana) was most prevalent in Kent County. CODLING MOTH (Carpocapsa pomonella) adults first appeared on May 13 and on June 10 fruit entries were rather common in untreated orchards. Very light infestations of UNSPOTTED TENTIFORM LEAF MINER (Callisto geminatella) occurred during June. PLUM CURCULIO (Conotrachelus nenuphar) waS normal on fruit this season. PEAR-SLUG (Caliroa cerasi) infestation was very heavy on foliage of untreated cherry in June, New Castle County. EUROPEAN CORN BORER (Pyrausta nubilalis) bored in stalks and fruit of blueberries in northern Sussex County during late June. JAPANESE BEETLE (Popillia japonica) was very light on peach trees in Kent County. EUROPEAN RED MITE (Panonychus ulmi) buildup was noticeable in Sussex County apples the first of July and by late July infesta- tions were common statewide. In early August populations were more prevalent and some apple trees showed bronzing. Some infestations also noted on peach trees. SCHOENE SPIDER MITE (Tetranychus schoenei) buildup on apples in Sussex County the first of August. Infestations were not serious in sprayed orchards. = 1014 5— BAGWORM (Thyridopteryx ephemeraeformis) nearly defoliated several young apple trees in Sussex County during late July. A heavy infestation occurred in New Castle County on raspberries in August. Vegetable Insects: EUROPEAN CORN BORER infestation increased, being heavy on potatoes, corn and peppers. Loss of canning peppers in Kent and Sussex Counties approached 50 percent. CORN EARWORM (Heliothis zea) caused noticeable injury to pepper pods in August and September. IMPORTED CABBAGEWORM (Pieris rapae) was common statewide on all crucifers and caused considerable injury to untreated crops, as late as November. COLORADO POTATO BEETLE (Leptinotarsa decemlineata) caused considerable local injury to potatoes and tomatoes. HORNWORMS (Protoparce spp.) were common on tomatoes statewide. Most severe injury was in Sussex County in late summer. Noticeable injury also occurred to peppers in Sussex County. TARNISHED PLANT BUG was very abundant on many crops. CABBAGE LOOPER (Trichoplusia ni) was prevalent on crucifers, causing rather heavy injury to untreated fields. Feeding was also common on tomatoes, potatoes, peppers and beans until late summer. POTATO FLEA BEETLE (Epitrix cucumeris) became prevalent on potatoes causing moderate injury until mid-summer. POTATO- APHID (MacroSiphum solanifolii) was common on potatoes and tomatoes dur- ing early summer. MEXICAN BEAN BEETLE (Epilachna varivestis) was common state- wide with heaviest injury in home gardens. POTATO LEAFHOPPER (Empoasca fabae) populations on potatoes were normal. SALT-MARSH CATERPILLAR (Estigmene acrea) was common on lima beans and asparagus. ASPARAGUS BEETLE (Crioceris asparagi) fed heavily on asparagus ferns statewide and SPOTTED ASPARAGUS BEETLE (C. duodecimpunctata) was prevalent and apparently destroyed a large number of seeds. ASPARAGUS MINER (Melanagromyza simplex) was noticeable, but decreased over 1957.CABBAGE APHID (Brevicoryne brassicae) populations were not noticeable on cabbage and cauliflower until late summer. BEAN LEAF BEETLE (Cerotoma trifurcata) caused slight injury to snap beans in late August. SQUASH VINE BORER (Melittia cucurbitae) was destructive in small plantings Of Squash and HARLEQUIN BUG (Murgantia histrionica) was prevalent on small plantings of cabbage in Sussex County. BLISTER BEETLES (Epicauta spp.) were light on pumpkin-squash in Kent County and were common on carrots in New Castle County. CELERY LOOPER (Anagrapha falcifera) was heavy on carrots in New Castle County. CELERYWORM (Papilio polyxenes asterius) caused slight injury to carrots in New Castle County. SIX-SPOTTED LEAFHOPPER (Macrosteles fascifrons) was very common on carrots in late summer statewide. GREEN CLOVERWORM (Plathypena scabra) was heavy in lima beans most of the summer. GREEN PEACH APHID (Myzus persicae) was effectively controlled most places on peppers and potatoes. FALL ARMYWORM (Laphygma frugiperda) infested peppers in late summer. BLACK CUTWORM (Agrotis ypSilon) caused damage to tomato and pepper sets early in the season. STRIPED CUCUMBER BEETLE (Acalymma vittata) was prevalent on pumpkin- squash and cucumbers during mid-summer but decreased rapidly thereafter. STRAWBERRY SPIDER MITE (Tetranychus atlanticus) was much decreased over 1957 on lima beans. YELLOW-STRIPED ARMYWORM (Prodenia ornithogalli) fed very lightly on asparagus, tomatoes and lima beans. A FLEA BEETLE (Phyllotreta cruciferae) was noticeable early on crucifers, never reached injurious proportions. COTTON SQUARE BORER (Strymon melinus) fed on lima beans in Sussex County in July, with slight injury. DIAMONDBACK MOTH (Plutella maculipennis) infestations were common on young cabbage plants in Kent County during July. GOLDEN TORTOISE BEETLE (Metriona bicolor) was very light on sweetpotatoes in Sussex County. VINEGAR FLIES (Drosophila spp.) became very numerous in tomato and pepper fields throughout the State during late August and early September. Forest, Ornamental and Shade Tree Insects: BAGWORM (Thyridopteryx ephemerae- formis) waS eSpecially abundant throughout the State from early June to late September. MIMOSA WEBWORM (Homadaula albizziae) was again a major pest on mimosa and honeylocust from early July to late September. FALL WEBWORM (Hyphantria cunea) waS most abundant in Sussex County from July to September. == LOLS — WALNUT CATERPILLAR (Datana integerrima) fed extensively on walnut throughout the State during late July and August. CATALPA SPHINX (Ceratomia catalpae) infestations were very heavy on catalpa in Kent and Sussex Counties. YELLOW- NECKED CATERPILLAR (Datana ministra) was again very abundant, being very heavy on pin and red oak. EASTERN TENT CATERPILLAR (Malacosoma americanum) was statewide, but considerably less abundant than in 1957. LOCUST LEAF MINER (Chalepus dorsalis) was moderate to heavy on black locust in New Castle and Kent Counties during mid-June. WILLOW SAWFLY (Nematus ventralis) was unusually abundant on willows during August and September in Sussex County. WHITE-MARKED TUSSOCK MOTH (Hemerocampa leucostigma) was common to heavy statewide during mid-September on Sycamore and elm. An OAK SAWFLY (Caliroa lineata) was notice- ably injurious to pin and red oak in late September in New Castle County. VARIABLE OAK LEAF CATERPILLAR (Heterocampa manteo) was common to heavy on oaks in mid-July. ASIATIC OAK WEEVIL (Cyrtepistomus castaneus) caused noticeable injury to oaks throughout the State during mid-July. BUCK MOTH (Hemileuca maia) was common on oaks. A SCALE (Cryptaphyllaspis liquidambaris) was common on sweetgum in New Castle County. GREEN-STRIPED MAPLEWORM (Anisota rubicunda) fed lightly on red maple in August. SPINY OAKWORM (Anisota stigma) was light on red oak during late July in Sussex County. TULIPTREE APHID (Macrosiphum liriodendri) abundance increased over 1957 in New Castle County. SPRING CANKERWORM (Paleacrita vernata) was serious on elms during May in Sussex County. BIRCH LEAF MINER (Fenusa pusilla) remained light on birch. WEBWORMS (Salebria afflictella and Tetralopha melanogrammos) caused conspicuous injury to sweetgum in Sussex County in September. A SPIDER MITE (Oligonychus bicolor) was moderate on willow and red oak in New Castle and Kent Counties. A LEAFHOPPER (Typhlocyba modesta) was collected from red maple in October. A WHITE FLY (Aleurochiton forbesii) was moderate on red maples in New Castle County. An AZALEA CATERPILLAR (Datana major) was light on blueberry in Sussex County. A JAPANESE WEEVIL (Pseudocneorhinus bifasciatus) caused noticeable injury to azaleas in Sussex County in July and August. Probably scattered throughout the State. Insects Affecting Man and Animals: MOSQUITOES - Aedes sollicitans and A. vexans reflected very little change over 1957. Anopheles quadrimaculatus and Culex salinarius were much more abundant than in 1957, indicative of the conditions usually encountered during an extensive wet season. HOUSE FLY (Musca domestica) was less severe generally than in 1957. AMERICAN DOG TICK (Dermacentor variabilis) was rather numerous from mid-April to mid-June. BLACK WIDOW SPIDER (Latrodectus mactans) was fairly common in various sections of the State. BROWN-BANDED ROACH (Supella supellectilium) was reported mostly from New Castle County. Miscellaneous Insects: EASTERN SUBTERRANEAN TERMITE (Reticulitermes flavipes) was normal with most reports during the spring swarms. CLOVER MITE (Bryobia praetiosa complex) invaded homes with majority of complaints in March and April. Heaviest in New Castle County. PAVEMENT ANT (Tetramorium caespitum) swarms occurred in buildings in New Castle County during January. - 1016 - Weather continued from Page 1006 Oklahoma, most of Arkansas, southwestern Missouri and northwestern Mississippi. In Upper Michigan, depths ranged up to 36 inches. Snowfall at Oswego, New York, continued to attract attention as additional falls there during the week boosted the seasonal total to date to over 80 inches, with even higher totals reported in surrounding hill areas. California's drought is reaching record proportions, as virtually no precipitation fell in the Far Southwest. Seasonal precipitation to date at San Francisco is only 10 percent of normal, the driest such period there since 1849. Only patches of snow were reported in the Sierras. Consider- able precipitation fell in the Pacific Northwest, and 1-4 inches of snow covered the wheat regions of Washington State. Severe glaze occurred from Bellingham, Washington, to the Canadian Border during a brief cold snap there early in the week. The ground was frozen 12 inches deep in northern Wisconsin, and Minneapolis, Minnesota, reported 8 inches of ice in the Mississippi River. (Summary supplied by U. S. Weather Bureau). 1017 INSECTS NOT KNOWN TO OCCUR IN THE UNITED STATES PINE MOTH (Panolis flammea (Denis and Schiffermuller) ) Economic Importance: Pine moth is one of the most destructive insects of coniferous forests in Europe. Two sucessive attacks will kill a pine forest. In 1924, about 425,000 acres of forest were defoliated in northwestern Poland and northeastern Germany. This necessitated the cutting of over 400 million board feet of pine and fir in that area. Severe outbreaks have been reported in other years in Germany and in the Kharkov area of USSR, Czechoslovakia and Finland. Distribution: British Isles, most of continental Europe and Japan. Hosts: Pine preferred. Also attacks silver fir, Douglas-fir, spruce, juniper, European larch and some broad-leaved trees. General Distribution of Panolis flammea Life History and Habits: The moth is not commonly observed, being a night- flying species. Emergence occurs in March or April. The eggs are deposited in batches of 4 to 8 on pine needles of the preceeding year. Trees with dense foliage are preterred. The larval period coincides with the opening of the buds and the young growth is quickly devoured in an infestation. At a slight disturbance the larva drops to the ground by means of a silken thread. Feeding continues up to the end of July at which time the full-grown larva drops to the ground where it pupates. The winter is passed in this stage. In heavy infestations the old foliage is consumed along with the new, thereby leading to tree mortality. Description: Adult spread 30-40 mm. Head and thorax rufous mixed with white, tarsi ringed with white, abdomen generally brown. Forewing rufous suffused with gray and white (see illustration) , veins white and brown. Hindwing fuscous brown, cilia white at tips; underside whitish suffused with rufous, a discoidal spot and curved postmedial line with a slight dark streak at the veins. Color of larva varies with stage. At first, head is brownish and body clear green. (Noctuidae, Lepidoptera) No. 71 of Series 1018 After each molt the larva becomes more deeply colored, deep green to pale brown with scattered black dots and white dorsal line. Subdorsal line also white, sometimes double, black-edged. Spiracular line white, edged below with orange or yellow. (Prepared in Plant Pest Survey in cooperation with other ARS agencies.) CEIR 8 (51) 12-19-58 Adult Male (A), Larva and Eggs (B) of Panolis flammea. Figures (except map): Larva and eggs from Koch, R. 1913. Tabellen zur Bestimmung Schadlicher Insekten an Kiefer und Larche. 207 pp. Berlin. Adult from Hampson, G. F. 1905. Catalogue of the Noctuidae in the Collection of the British Museum. Vol. 5, 634 pp. Damage from Sachtelben, H. 1929. Monograph. zum Pflanzenschutz 3, 160 pp. Berlin. OER { ha ¥ ie : iy oe rn i ie i ee wire as a ‘ 4 7] . = . 1 + — ~ — i ror — tc ' aa 26, 1958 PEST S eriti nisi K | SERVICE SS pe my AGRICULTURAL RESEARCH UNITED. STATES DEPARTMENT OF AGRICULTURE x @ AGRICULTURAL RESEARCH SERVICE PLANT PEST CONTROL DIVISION PLANT PEST SURVEY SECTION The Cooperative Economic Insect Report is issued weekly as a service to American Agriculture. Its contents are compiled from information supplied by cooperating State, Federal, and industrial entomologists and other agricultural workers. In releasing this material the Division serves as a clearing house and does not assume responsibility for ac- curacy of the material. Reports and inquiries pertaining to this release should be mailed to: Plant Pest Survey Section Plant Pest Control Division Agricultural Research Service United States Department of Agriculture Washington 25, D. C. Volume 8 December 26, 1958 Number 52 COOPERATIVE ECONOMIC INSECT REPORT Highlights of Insect Conditions A RICE DELPHACID (Sogata orizicola) was collected for the second time at Belle Glade, Florida. The first collection was made during the fall of 1957. (Go, | LOZ), SPOTTED ALFALFA APHID still persists in Oklahoma and Kansas despite freezing weather. (p. 1021). First MEXICAN FRUIT FLY of season trapped in Texas. (p. 1022). GREEN PEACH APHID appeared about two months early in Dade County, Florida. (p. 1022). KHAPRA BEETLE infestation reported in Riverside County, California. (p. 1023). INSECT DETECTION: Pink bollworm collected for first time in Cleburne and Mississippi Counties, Arkansas. (p. 1022). Imported fire ant reported for first time in Horry County, South Carolina. (p. 1024). SUMMARY OF INSECT CONDITIONS - 1958 - Illinois (p. 1025). INSECTS not known to occur in the United States. (p. 1029). FIO ROR I I I IK I IR I a aK KK aK a aK a 2k ak ak Reports in this issue are for the week ending December 19, unless otherwise designated. - 1020 - WEATHER OF THE WEEK ENDING DECEMBER 22, 1958 Mainly of interest this week were the variations in the circulation pattern which developed welcome changes in the weather for some sections of the country. In California, where seasonal precipitation has been considerably below normal, a trailing front passing over the Pacific coastal area brought light to moderate rain to the northern two-thirds of the State and light snowfall to the central and northern Sierras. The widespread flow of Arctic air funneling into the country east of the Divide was interrupted for several days at the beginning of the period as a series of rather intensive low pressure disturbances moved along the Canadian Border. Temperature conditions in the central and northern Great Plains moderated considerably, except in the extreme northeastern section. Subzero minima that characterized the picture most of the last period were replaced during midweek by readings in the 20's and 30's. Farther to the east in New York, many locations observed the first above-freezing weather they have had since the 6th of the month. Weekly average temperatures for the most part were above normal over the western half of the Nation, and below normal over the East. The line dividing these conditions extended generally from south- eastern New Mexico into southeastern Missouri and thence northwestward into central North Dakota. Greatest departures were +15° in north central Montana, and -13° at Sault Ste. Marie, Michigan, Burlington, Vermont, and Atlantic City, New Jersey. Daily record-high temperatures were observed on several dates and at several locations in California, with Fresno recording on the 15th an all time high of 75.9°F for the month of December. In contrast, southeastern sections of the country remained relatively cold most of the week. Freezing minimum temperatures were recorded on several nights as far south as the middle Gulf Coast and on the 18th and 19th into northern Florida. Precipitation for the week was confined mainly to the northern half of the country, except for coastal Texas and Florida. Most falls were light, the main exceptions being coastal sections of the Northwest, and areas near Corpus Christi and Galveston, Texas and Miami, Florida. Moderate amounts were observed in the extreme northern Great Lakes region and along the coast of Maine, as a result of snows which occurred during the passage of storm centers over that area. The southern limit of the snow cover receded northward during the week and now generally extends from southwestern North Dakota to northern West Virginia, and thence northeastward to the northern New England coast. Snow cover has melted over most of the wheat section in Washington, but 1 to 2 inches still remain in the Big Bend area. Ice was reported thicker than usual for this time of year in Wisconsin with 12 to 2l-inch measurements being observed in northern sections, and 9 to 10-inch measurements in southern areas. (Summary supplied by U. S. Weather Bureau,): = 1021) — CEREAL AND FORAGE INSECTS CHINCH BUG (Blissus leucopterus) - OKLAHOMA — Annual cooperative chinch bug hibernation survey conducted in 50 counties during December 3-16. Lincoln County had very severe rating (2,000 or more per square foot), and Cleveland, Hughes, McClain, Okfuskee and Seminole Counties rated severe (1,000 to 2,000 per square foot). Counts in other counties were lower. (Coop. Sur.). GREENBUG (Toxoptera graminum) - OKLAHOMA - Averaged 0-7 per linear foot in scattered fields of fall-seeded wheat in central area. (VanCleave, Washun, Pennington). Light infestations found in fields in Fairview area. (Wood). INDIANA - Non-economic to light infestations in wheat fields in Knox County, November 6. (Deay, Osmun, Matthew). APPLE GRAIN APHID (Rhopalosiphum fitchii) - OKLAHOMA - Averaged 0-12 per linear foot some fields of wheat in central area. (VanCleave, Washum, Pennington). Light in wheat fields in Fairwiew area. (Wood). GRASSHOPPERS - TEXAS - Egg surveys in 10 counties bordering eastern New Mexico and the western panhandle counties in Oklahoma in general confirmed the results of the adult survey. (PPC, Sou. Reg., Nov. Rpt.). A RICE DELPHACID (Sogata orizicola) - FLORIDA - The second specimen was collected on October 20 in the Belle Glade area. The first specimen was collected in this same area in the fall of 1957. Determinations made by J. P. Kramer. TEXAS - Surveys in Chambers, Colorado, Jefferson, Liberty and Orange Counties have been negative. MISSISSIPPI - All specimens collected in the delta counties during survey in October have been negative. One inspection in Pearl River County also negative. Fourth treatment of two infested rice plantings in Hancock County completed during November. (PPC, Sou. Reg., Nov. Rpt.). SPOTTED ALFALFA APHID (Therioaphis maculata) - KANSAS - Populations ranged from 205 to 1,826 per 5 plants in north central area and from 427 to 652 per 5 plants in Riley and Pottawatomie Counties in northeastern area. (Simpson, Burkhardt). OKLAHOMA - Moderate to heavy infestations continue in alfalfa in central area despite sub-freezing temperatures and snow during the preceding weekend. (VanCleave, Washum, Pennington). Cold and snow of past week has not materially reduced populations in check fields in Stillwater area. (Bieberdorf). SOYBEAN CYST NEMATODE (Heterodera glycines) - VIRGINIA - Delimiting surveys were initiated on November 17 in Nansemond County at the two known infested sites. (PPC, East. Reg.). Surveys were made on 40 acres in ALABAMA, 1,667 acres in ARKANSAS, 385 acres in GEORGIA, 406 acres in MISSISSIPPI, 734 acres in NORTH CAROLINA, and 847 acres in TENNESSEE during November. No newly infested counties were found, but two properties in North Carolina and one in Tennessee were found infested. All other inspections were negative. (PPC, Sou. Reg., Nov. Rpt.). FRUIT INSECTS COTTONY-CUSHION SCALE (Icerya purchasi) - CALIFORNIA - Light infestations on lemon trees in Folsom, Sacramento County. (Cal. Coop. Rpt.). YELLOW SCALE (Aonidiella citrina) - CALIFORNIA - Heavy infestations on orange trees in Folsom, Sacramento County. (Cal. Coop. Rpt.). = On = MEDITERRANEAN FRUIT FLY (Ceratitis capitata) - Total of 13,070 traps in operation at end of November in FLORIDA. Trapping continued in ALABAMA, LOUISIANA, MISSISSIPPI and TEXAS. All specimens trapped in Florida negative: no suspicious specimens collected in other States. (PPC, Sou. Reg., Nov. Rpt.). MEXICAN FRUIT FLY (Anastrepha ludens) - TEXAS - The first adult for the season, a male, was trapped in an orange grove 7 miles west of Hidalgo County on November 24. A total of 112 properties were trapped over the three citrus- producing counties using 2,084 traps. (PPC, Sou. Reg., Nov. Rpt.). TRUCK CROP INSECTS GREEN PEACH APHID (Myzus persicae) - FLORIDA - Adults and immature stages averaged 0 to 25 per leaf on potatoes northeast of Homestead, Dade County on December 5. Det. D. O. Wolfenbarger. The first aphids were observed in 1957 the latter part of December. They are about 60 days ahead of their usual appearance. (Fla. Coop. Sur.). CABBAGE LOOPER (Trichoplusia ni) - FLORIDA - Averaged 1 per 12 linear foot of row in potatoes east and north of Homestead, Dade County. Reported as heaviest infestation noted so early on potato plants. Controls being applied. Infestations spotted on December 5, but may become general. (Wolfenbarger, Dec. 5). WHITE-FRINGED BEETLES (Graphognathus spp.) - NEW JERSEY - Total of 721 acres of sweetpotatoes surveyed in Vineland, Landisville and Newfield areas during November. No specimens found. (PPC, East. Reg.). GOLDEN NEMATODE (Heterodera rostochiensis) - NEW JERSEY - Samples processed in Middlesex County during November negative. (PPC, East. Reg.). COTTON INSECTS PINK BOLLWORM (Pectinophora gossypiella) - Positive collections were made in Cleburne and Mississippi Counties, ARKANSAS, for the first time. Inspections in ALABAMA, MISSISSIPPI and TENNESSEE were all negative. In OKLAHOMA, 56,929 acres were found infested for the first time. In TEXAS, lint cleaner inspections were made in 72 counties, averaging 49.05 pink bollworm larvae per inspection. (PPC, Sou. Reg., Nov. Rpt.). CALIFORNIA - During the week ending December 12, 1,045 bushels of gin trash were inspected in Kern and Imperial Counties. This phase of detection will be terminated on December 12. Lint cleaner inspections in 8 counties totaled 1,205 inspections. Blacklight traps were operated in 4 counties where cotton is still in the field aggregating 297 light nights. Green boll inspection in Kern County accounted for 1,800 bolls from 2,290 acres of cotton. (Cal. Coop. Rpt., Dec. 12). FOREST, ORNAMENTAL AND SHADE TREE INSECTS DOUGLAS-FIR ENGRAVER (Scolytus unispinosus) - CALIFORNIA - Douglas fir poles and standards showing “die-out" in small groups in forest areas in Coast Range in Santa Rosa area. The extended dry spell this season is probably a contributing factor in these cases. (Spharler). = 1023) = RED TURPENTINE BEETLE (Dendroctonus valens) - CALIFORNIA - Scattered killing of large sugar pine trees in the Chowchilla Mountains in Mariposa County, resulting from previous logging activity. (Wyckoff). APHIDS - CALIFORNIA - Medium infestation of Essigella californica on pine trees in Lancaster, Los Angeles County, and heavy infestation in Turlock, Stanislaus County. Heavy populations of Prociphilus venafuscus in flight in the Vacaville area.of SolanoCounty.. (Cal). \CoopmmkpLL» i) os =a SPIDER MITES - MARYLAND - Eggs, probably of Oligonychus ununguis, heavy on hemlock sent from Severna Park on December 17. (U. Md., Ent. Dept.). A SCALE (Fiorinia theae) - TEXAS - Attacking holly trees in Fort Bend County. (Garner). A LACE BUG(Corythucha nicholi) - ARIZONA - Eggs, nymphs and adults collected on chokecherry 10 miles northeast of Payson during September. R. I. Sailer reports as first collection since its description in 1928. (Ash). A LYCTUS BEETLE (Lyctus linearis) - CALIFORNIA - A heavy infestation of adults occurred in wood sash in Redding, Shasta County. (Cal. Coop. Rpt.). INSECTS AFFECTING MAN AND ANIMALS CATTLE GRUBS (Hypoderma spp.) - INDIANA - Larvae found in backs of 17 out of 72 head of Montana feeder calves. Counts ranged from 0 to 13 grubs per infested animal. (Dobson, Matthew). CATTLE LICE - UTAH - Severely infesting a herd of cattle near Logan, Cache County. (Knowlton). SHEEP BOT FLY (Oestrus ovis) - KANSAS - Found in 4 lambs examined from Pottawatomie County. (Knapp, Peters). TROPICAL RAT MITE (Ornithonyssus bacoti) - TEXAS - Annoying residents in Lavaca County. (Hybner) . STORED-PRODUCT INSECTS KHAPRA BEETLE (Trogoderma granarium) - CALIFORNIA - Medium infestation of a property in Ripley, Riverside County. This is the second infestation in seven months. (Cal. Coop. Rpt.). No specimens were collected in 5 inspections in PENNSYLVANIA, 4 in CONNNECTICUT and one in MASSACHUSETTS. Inspections were made on 29 sites in NEW YORK during November; 23 on Long Island and 6 in Rochester area. Inspections in western and Long Island sections of New York will be completed during December. Other sections of State will be inspected during winter months. (PPC, East. Reg., Nov. Rpt.). During November, 4 inspections were made in ALABAMA, 11 in Orange County, FLORIDA, and 37 in 14 counties in OKLAHOMA. All inspections were negative in Florida and Oklahoma. Determinations not received on specimens submitted from Alabama. (PPC, sou. Reg., Nov. Rpt.). FLAT GRAIN BEETLE (Laemophloeus pusillus) - TEXAS - Infesting stored milo in Hays County. (Watson). - 1024 - MISCELLANEOUS INSECTS IMPORTED FIRE ANT (Solenopsis saevissima richteri) - Horry County, SOUTH CAROLINA, found infested for first time during November. Treatment is scheduled as soon as delimiting surveys are completed. Treatments of infested properties were made in 8 States during November on about 41,000 acres. These treatments ranged from a few acres in ARKANSAS to nearly 26,000 in ALABAMA. Surveys were considerably stepped up in all States where extensive treatment programs are to begin in the near future. (PPC, Sou. Reg., Nov. Rpt.). CARPET BEETLE (Anthrenus scrophulariae) - TEXAS - Found in attic of resident in Bexar County. (Wofford). ELM LEAF BEETLE (Galerucella xanthomelaena) - OKLAHOMA - Beetles entering homes in Stillwater area. (Beiberdorf, Dec. 6). LIGHT TRAP COLLECTIONS Pseudaletia Agrotis Feltia Heliothis unipuncta ypsilon subterranea zea FLORIDA Quincy 12/9 if 3 1 LOUISIANA Franklin 12/8 2 1 Baton Rouge 12/12-18 4 3 1 SOUTH CAROLINA Charleston 12/8-14 ial als} 6 - 1025 - SUMMARY OF INSECT CONDITIONS - 1958 ILLINOIS This report is based on data collected by personnel of the United States Department of Agriculture, Agricultural Research Service, Agricultural Extension Service of the University of Illinois College of Agriculture, Illinois Natural History Survey, Farm Advisers and other cooperators throughout the State. Highlights (C. E. White): Most important highlights this year were the unusually wet weather in the spring and continuing into early August in many parts of the State and the relatively low populations of field crop insects throughout the season. CLOVER SEED WEEVIL was collected in 1958 for the first time in the State. BLACK CUTWORM and GRAPE COLASPIS severely damaged many fields of corn. The latter was also destructive in soybean fields. STORED-GRAIN INSECTS were more abundant than for several years. ONION MAGGOT was very destructive to some onion plantings in the northeastern area. FOUR-SPOTTED SPIDER MITE was a general pest in apple orchards. Clover and Alfalfa Insects (C. E. White): PEA APHID (Macrosiphum pisi) populations were higher from April to July than in 1957. Heavy rains in July reduced populations to very low levels and very little damage was caused in 1958. SPOTTED ALFALFA APHID (Therioaphis maculata) was not found in the State until the middle of October and then only in small numbers in southwestern counties. SWEETCLOVER APHID (Myzocallidium riehmi) was also found in small numbers in almost every sweetclover field surveyed. YELLOW CLOVER APHID (Therioaphis trifolii) was found in all sections, highest number being 20 per sweep. BLISTER BEETLE populations were extremely low throughout the season. CLOVER LEAF WEEVIL (Hypera punctata) larval populations were much lower than 1957 and slightly lower than 1956. The State average for larvae per square foot varied 1.6-3.4. Highest in any one field was 22 per square foot compared with 73 for 1957. However, an estimated 18,205 acres were treated for control in 1958. Profit from treatments was estimated at $18,000. CLOVER HEAD WEEVIL (Tychius stephensi) was found in Whiteside County for the first time in 1958, which is the farthest western record for the State. CLOVER SEED WEEVIL (Miccotrogus picirostris) was also collected in Whiteside County, the first record for the State. CUTWORMS, mainly Peridroma mMargaritosa, were found in all sections of the State. Populations varied 0-1 per square foot, although one southern field had 7 per square foot. GARDEN FLEAHOPPER (Halticus bracteatus) was abundant in southern area clover and alfalfa. GRASSHOPPERS were generally light, 0-5 per square yard. However, on July 1, one south- eastern area field had 134 small nymphs and a nearby field had 22 adults per square yard in mid-August. The annual fall survey showed non-economic populations in most of the State, except for small areas in the southeast, a narrow band in the central section and an area in the northern half of the State, which had light populations. LESSER CLOVER LEAF WEEVIL (Hypera nigrirostris) larvae infested 100 percent of the clover stems in many fields by early June. MEADOW SPITTLEBUG (Philaenus leucophthalmus) nymphs were more abundant in northern Illinois than in 1957. Several fields averaged more than 3 per stem. The annual fall adult survey is noted in CEIR 8(38):84. An estimated 18,570 acres were treated for control in the spring. The estimated profit resulting was $32,500. Adults of ALFALFA PLANT BUG (Adelphocoris lineolatus) and RAPID PLANT BUG (A. rapidus) were rather scarce. TARNISHED PLANT BUG (Lygus lineolaris) adults were rather light early in the season but built up to fair numbers by mid-June when as many as 15 per sweep were taken in one field. POTATO LEAFHOPPER (Empoasca fabae) was relatively light throughout the season. Very little yellowing of alfalfa was noticeable although an estimated 16,544 acres were treated at a profit estimated at $24,800. An estimated 13,696 acres were - 1026 - treated for control of SWEETCLOVER WEEVIL (Sitona cylindricollis) with an estimated profit of $34,500. Populations of PREDATORY INSECTS were approximately the same in 1958 as in 1957. Although this was considered to be a relatively light year for insects, the following estimates have been made. These estimates are based on actual field observations this year and on production figures from the 1954 census. Seven and one-half percent of all clover and alfalfa fields in the State probably would have benefited by applications of insecticide to the forage crop and 100 percent of the red clover seed fields would have benefited from insecticide treatments. The total loss in hay production is estimated at 47,301 tons worth $1,135,224. The cost of treating to prevent this loss is estimated at $375,000. Therefore, the estimated profit if treatments had been applied is $760,224. Of this amount it is estimated $75,300 was actually collected due to the treatments that were applied. Also an estimated 43,815 bushels of red clover seed was lost due to insects. This was valued at $1,095,375. Cost of treating the seed fields was estimated at $255,370. This leaves an estimated profit of $840,000 which could have been collected had all fields been treated. Corn Insects (C. E. White): BILLBUGS damaged 60 percent of the plants in one field in southern Illinois and were relatively scarce elsewhere. CHINCH BUG (Blissus leucopterus) numbers were lower than for several years. It is estimated that only 1000 acres of small grain and corn were treated. CORN EARWORM (Heliothis zea) was very scarce until August at which time larvae averaged 20-30 per 100 ears in some southern fields. Very late corn was heavily infested in late August and September. A survey in September showed an estimated loss of 0.3 percent of corn produced for grain in the northern three-fourths of the State and a loss of 1 percent in the southern one-fourth, due to corn earworn, or an estimated loss of 233,038 bushels in the entire State. The value was approximately $242,360 based on present market price. CORN FLEA BEETLE (Chaetocnema pulicaria) was relatively low, most fields having less than 1 beetle per plant during May and June. However, some fields had as many as 6 per plant. CUTWORMS, mainly Agrotis ypsilon, were very destructive in some areas and many fields had to be replanted. An estimated 103,385 acres were treated for control. The profit due to these treatments was estimated at $516,925. EUROPEAN CORN BORER (Pyrausta nubilalis) was relatively low in 1958. A first generation survey in 18 counties Showed an average of 11.9 borers per 100 stalks and a second generation survey in the same counties showed an average of 90.4 borers per 100 stalks. This is a ratio of first to second generation borers of 1 to 7.6. Approximately 0.7 percent (59,273 acres) of the corn fields in the State would have benefited by treatments to control first generation corn borers. Also 2.5 percent (216,773 acres) would have shown a profit from treatment for second generation borers. An estimated 37,093 acres were treated for control of first generation and 13,731 acres for second generation borers. The profit from these treatments was estimated at $203,296. The fall survey showed an average of 73 borers per 100 corn stalks (based on average of 43 counties) or slightly more than the 66 per 100 stalks found in 1957. FALL ARMYWORM (Laphygma frugiperda) damaged some late planted corn in southern section before the corn tasseled and also by feeding in ear tips. GRAPE COLASPIS (Colaspis sp.) larvae damaged many corn fields in western and west~-southwestern sections and scattered fields elsewhere. Colaspis were more abundant in 1958 than for several years. GRASSHOPPERS did very little damage to corn. The one exception was a southeastern field which averaged 8 Melanoplus differentialis feeding on rows 13 and 14 in mid-August. The first 8 rows had an estimated 80 percent of the leaf surface removed, all the silk was removed from ear tips and shucks and kernels eaten half way down the side of many ears. ROOTWORMS (Diabrotica spp.) damaged several fields of corn, especially in central Illinois. WIREWORMS damaged a few widely scattered fields. YELLOW-STRIPED ARMYWORM (Prodenia ornithogalli) was reported to have damaged 90 percent of corn plants in one southwestern field. An estimated 780,383 acres were treated at an estimated profit of $1,950,957. - 1027 - Small Grain Insects (C. E. White): ARMYWORM (Pseudaletia unipuncta) occurred roughou e State in small numbers and in a few localized areas became very destructive to wheat and barley. Parasites and disease were abundant in most areas and played a large part in preventing a serious outbreak. An estimated 47,506 acres were treated for control, resulting in a profit estimated at $95,012. CHINCH BUG was very scarce throughout the season. ENGLISH GRAIN APHID (Macrosiphum granarium) was present throughout the State. Populations ran as high as 50 per sweep in wheat and oats and 22 per head of wheat but apparently caused no damage. HESSIAN FLY (Phytophaga destructor) continued its downward trend in 1958. The annual survey showed a State averageof 2.91 puparia per 100 tillers compared with 6.28 in 1957 and 15.49 in 1956. WHEAT JOINTWORM (Harmolita tritici) infested an average of 6.13 percent of the wheat stems in the State. Soybean Insects (C. E. White): Populations of BEAN LEAF BEETLE (Cerotoma trifurcata), GREEN CLOVERWORM (Plathypena scabra), GRASSHOPPERS (Melanoplus spp.) and WHITE GRUBS (Phyllophaga spp.) were all rather scarce and caused very little damage. GRAPE COLASPIS (Colaspis sp.) larvae, however, caused considerable damage to soybeans in western and west-southwestern areas. Fruit Insects (Ronald Meyer): Moderate temperatures and little rainfall during the hatch of ROSY APPLE APHID (Anuraphis roseus) lead to serious infestations, especially in the southern third of the State. APPLE APHID (Aphis pomi) was numerous and in a few orchards became abundant enough to curl the leaves of most terminal growth and honeydew caused blackened leaves. During early season, shortly before bloom, rainfall was regular and generous and tended to depress an average carry over of RED-BANDED LEAF ROLLER (Argyrotaenia velutinana) and CODLING MOTH (Carpocapsa pomonella). There was very little difference in stage of development from south to north during early season growth. However, there was a scattering of serious red-banded leaf roller infestation in late summer. Prevailing dry weather during late July and early August coupled with a cessation of spraying, allowed the third brood to build up sufficiently to cause destructive populations during the fourth brood. TARNISHED PLANT BUG (Lygus lineolaris) and STINK BUGS were plentiful during early season on peaches. PLUM CURCULIO (Conotrachelus nenuphar) was normal in southern two-thirds of State with generally good control maintained by growers, but was unusually numerous in several northern areas where considerable damage resulted. APPLE MAGGOT (Rhagoletis pomonella) adults were very numerous during mid-August in northern Illinois and several commercial orchards were infested at that time. STRAWBERRY LEAF ROLLER (Ancylis comptana fragariae) was not serious and ORIENTAL FRUIT MOTH (Grapholitha molesta) was generally light in 1958. MITE damage varied from practically none to very destructive. PHYTOPHAGOUS MITES continued to be a major problem for apple growers. Winter egg carry over of EUROPEAN RED MITE (Panonychus ulmi) populations varied from zero to very dense. FOUR-SPOTTED SPIDER MITE (Tetranychus canadensis) was present in all apple orchards and one peach orchard examined in southern and west central areas along the Mississippi River. This is the first year this species has been a general pest although it was destructive in a commercial orchard in 1955, The first record of the mites in 1958 was taken May 26 at Carbondale. On June 28, a population averaged 2,498 mobile mites and 2,986 eggs per 100 leaves, but damage did not become generally noticeable until the latter half of July and early August. With a high population going into the winter, damage may show up earlier in 1959. No destructive populations of TWO-SPOTTED SPIDER MITE (Tetranychus telarius) were found in southern areas although several were found in northern areas. Truck Crop Insects (W. H. Luckmann): With a few exceptions insect infestations on truck and canning crops were generally below normal. ONION MAGGOT (Hylemya antiqua) injury was very severe to onions grown for sets and green bunching onions. Maggots were apparently resistent to certain insecticides. BEET LEAFHOPPER (Circulifer tenellus) was very damaging on horseradish in the East St. Louis area. ASPARAGUS BEETLE (Crioceris asparagi) and SPOTTED - 1028 - ASPARAGUS BEETLE (Cc. duodecimpunctata) were light except locally in northern areas. CORN EARWORM and/or TOMATO FRUITWORM (Heliothis zea) populations were below normal. EUROPEAN CORN BORER (Pyrausta nubilalis) caused little damage to canning corn. SAP BEETLES (Carpophilus spp.) were locally heavy only in southwestern and northeastern sections. CORN LEAF APHID (Rhopalosiphum maidis) was very abundant but apparently caused no damage. CORN FLEA BEETLE (Chaetocnema pulicaria) populations were below normal and only damaging in usual southern localities. STRIPED CUCUMBER BEETLE (Acal a vittata) and SPOTTED CUCUMBER BEETLE (Diabrotica undecimpunctata howardi) appeared in fields 7-10 days later than normal and caused only moderate damage. SQUASH BUG (Anasa tristis) was rarely present in economic numbers. Damage by MELON APHID (Aphis gossypii) was light. No treatments were needed for PEA APHID (Macrosiphum pisi) on canning peas, which is unusual. POTATO LEAFHOPPER (Empoasca fabae) was less abundant than in past years. IMPORTED CABBAGEWORM (Pieris rapae) and CABBAGE LOOPER (Trichoplusia ni) were normal. DIAMONDBACK MOTH (Plutella maculipennis) was the most prevalent Lepidoptera on cabbage. CUTWORM damage was common but not severe in the spring. Damage by the BEAN LEAF BEETLE (Cerotoma trifurcata) and MEXICAN BEAN BEETLE (Epilachna varivestis) was conspicuous but not extenSive. Forest, Ornamental and Shade Tree Insects (L. L English, Robert Snetsinger, and C. E&. White): EASTERN TENT CATERPILLAR (Malacosoma americanum) began emerging in northern part of State about April 23. Tents and defoliation were very common in many areas later in the season. PINE NEEDLE SCALE (Phenacaspis pinifoliae) was abundant on Scotch pine near Rockford, in mid- April. A few SPIDER MITES were also present. CATALPA SPHINX (Ceratomia catalpae) almost completely defoliated many catalpa trees in east-southeast and southeast sections of the State. YELLOW-NECKED CATERPILLAR (Datana ministra), not as abundant as in 1957, was still quite noticeable in some areas. WALNUT CATERPILLAR (Datana integerrima) partially to completely defoliated many black walnut trees in northern half of State. FALL WEBWORM (Hyphantria cunea) nests were very conspicuous in many parts of the State. BAGWORM (Thyridopteryx ephemeraeformis) appeared later than usual and, although not as abundant as in the past few years, severely damaged many untreated trees. COTTONY-MAPLE SCALE (Pulvinaria innumerabilis) was more abundant than usual. MIMOSA WEBWORM (Homage albizziae) was found at Mounds, Pulaski County. MAPLE BLADDER-GALL ITE (Vasates quadri| quadripedes) was fairly numerous. Kermes spp. were abundant on aa in northern Illinois. Stored-Grain Insects (Stevenson Moore): Stored-grain insects were more abundant in 1958 than for Several years, due probably to the fact that grain went into bins with a higher moisture content than usual. INDIAN-MEAL MOTH (Plodia interpunctella) was present in all untreated, and many treated bins of 1958 wheat within 6 weeks after harvest in the southern half of the State. In 7 untreated bins of wheat in this area insects averaged 18 per 2-quart sample. The following were found in these samples and are listed in descending order of abundance: INDIAN-MEAL MOTH, a FOREIGN GRAIN BEETLE (Ahasverus advena) , RUSTY GRAIN BEETLE, SAW-TOOTHED GRAIN BEETLE, a HAIRY FUNGUS BEETLE (Typhaea stercorea) , FLAT GRAIN BEETLE, RED FLOUR BEETLE, CADELLE BEETLE and RICE WEEVIL, On many farms feed storage rooms or old feed sacks yielded high numbers of YELLOW MEALWORM (Tenebrio molitor) and DARK MEALWORM (T. obscurus). Grain insects of one kind or another were found in various locations on all farms inspected. Thirty-five farms were involved in this survey. —el O29 INSECTS NOT KNOWN TO OCCUR IN THE UNITED STATES APPLE THRIPS* (Thrips imaginis Bagnall) Economic Importance: Outbreaks of this species, which is indigenous to Australia, cause extensive damage to pears, apples and other fruits during some years. Sometimes attacks by T. imaginis will completely destroy the setting of young fruits. The attack was so severe in Victoria during 1926 that all fruit crops, including strawberries and cane fruits, were a complete loss. T. imaginis is chiefly a pest in the spring and early summer, but severe outbreaks may occur in the autumn. As many as 2,800 per rose blossom have been found in Sydney during October. Damaging populations depend largely on meteorological conditions. If weather is unfavorable during October and November, thrips will not be serious even if large numbers survive the previous winter. A warm, wet, autumn favors a buildup, and often immense swarms will appear when these conditions are encountered. The species does not appear in damaging numbers in Tasmania. Distribution: Occurs throughout southern Australia and Tasmania. 9 1s = eee Heh tL hh ee General Distribution of Thrips imaginis Hosts: Attacks the flowers of many plants; most serious on deciduous fruits though occasionally it becomes serious on other crops such as tomatoes and strawberries. Life History and Habits: The adults may be found throughout the year in South Australia, but populations fluctuate according to climatic conditions. Egg laying occurs through the female's life span, the average number varying from 186 to 251. Eggs are laid in the tissues of the flowers, including the stamens and pistils, and occasionally on young tender leaves of host plants. Newly hatched nymphs feed on epidermal cells causing a "browning" of the petals and destruction of the stamens and pistils. During an infestation year, 150 individuals may be present in each blossom. After passing through the second nymphal stage, the insect leaves the plant and enters the soil to pupate. Immature development varies considerably, the average being about 10 to 12 days at 23° C. Diapause is passed in the pupal stage in the soil or in the adult stage in sheltered conditions. Activity increases rapidly during the first warm days in the spring. The extent of spring peaks depends upon the extent of the previous autumn population, survival during the winter and character of the prevailing spring weather. Several other species of thrips *Also called plague thrips. (Thripidae, Thysanoptera) No. 72 of Series = LO 30) — inhabit blossoms in association with T. imaginis; particularly T. tabaci which closely resembles this species. oe Description: Adult female about 1 mm. long and about .25 mm wide at thorax. Anterior portion of body golden-brown with reddish tinge; posterior area brownish-yellow to darker brown. Newly emerged adults yellowish. Male smaller and lighter in color than female; abdomen pale-yellow. T. imaginis adults may be separated from T. tabaci as follows: T. tabaci have only primary setae on abdominal sternites 2-7, consisting of row of 6 Setae across posterior margin of segment. T. imaginis has primary setae and in addition an irregular accessory row of setae across the middle of sternites 2-7 (often only 1 or 2 on sternite 2). Accessory setae are finer and shorter than primaries. Ocellar crescents bright red in T. imaginis and gray in T. tabaci. Gray color in T. tabaci often difficult to see because of orange internal pigment behind, but pigment usually present elsewhere in body. No similar pigment in body of T. imaginis like that in ocellar crescents. Nymphs of T. imaginis generally orange-yellow and T. tabaci lemon-yellow. (Prepared in Plant Pest Survey in cooperation with other ARS agencies.') CEIR 8 (52) 12-26-58 Ws Jef J a2 1 i477 Nymph,Pupa (A) and Adult (B) of T. imaginis. Anterior Abdominal Sternites (QF Posterior Abdominal Tergites (D) and Head and Prothorax (E) of T. imaginis. Anterior Abdominal Sternites (F) and Posterior Abdominal Tergites (G) of T. tabaci. Figures (except map): Adult, head, prothorax, sternites and tergites from Vevers Steele, H. 1934. Austral. Council for Sci. and Indus. Res. Pamph 54, 59 pp. Nymph and Pupa from Davidson, J. 1936. South Australia Dept. Agr. Jour. 39(7): 930-939. DEPARTMENT OF eee "UNITED STATES "id me W. Tei J Z yd PLANT PEST C AGRICULTURAL RESEARCH SERVICE PLANT PEST CONTROL DIVISION PLANT PEST SURVEY SECTION The Cooperative Economic Insect Report is issued weekly as a service to American Agriculture. Its contents are compiled from information supplied by cooperating State, Federal, and industrial entomologists and other agricultural workers. In releasing this material the Division serves as a clearing house and does not assume responsibility for ac- curacy of the material. Reports and inquiries pertaining to this release should be mailed to: Plant Pest Survey Section Plant Pest Control Division Agricultural Research Service United States Department of Agriculture Washington 25, D. C. COOPERATIVE ECONOMIC INSECT REPORT VOLUME 8 Aphids - abundance of eggs on pota- toes in northeastern Maine 453; potato aphids in Maine 742 Armyworm - conditions 1955-1957 62 Beet leafhopper - conditions in Utah, western Colorado, southern Nevada, southeastern Califronia and central Arizona, 1958 188; curly top conditions in southern Great Plains and adjacent areas, 1957 270; 1958 278; second statement of conditions in Utah, western Colorado, southern ‘Nevada, southeastern California and central Arizona 342; situa- tion in Utah, Colorado and Nevada as of June 2 510 Boll weevil - hibernation survey, fall 1957 - South Carolina, North Carolina and Virginia 16; Arkansas 89; Louisiana 29; Georgia 89; fall 1958 - South Carolina, North Carolina and Virginia 1008; survival survey, spring 1958 - Arkansas 323; Louisiana 212; Georgia 235; South Carolina, North Carolina, Virginia and Mississippi 259; Texas 281; McNairy and Lake Counties, Tennessee 412 Cotton fleahopper - hibernation and survival at Waco, Texas 281 Cooperative Survey Entomologists 525 Ecuador - some of the more important insects 329 European corn borer - status, 1957 33; estimates of damage to grain corn in U. S., 1957 74 Forest insect conditions, 1957 - U. S. 419, Missouri 491 Grasshoppers - cooperative control summary as of July 8, 1958 602 Gypsy moth - 1958 program 298; survey in Pennsylvania 591; situation relating to civil action on spraying on Long Island 591 1958 SPECIAL REPORTS Hibernation survey for asparagus beetles in New Jersey, 1956-57 166 Highlights of insect occurrence in Canada, 1958 971 Important pests for 1957 467-470 Insects not known to occur in the U. S. - 11, 47, 101, 121, 161, 229, 253, 271, 289, 313, 331, 3555 375) 497, 523, 573, 597, 621, 663, 731, 751, 823, 841, 857, 873, 885, 899, 923, 935, 949, 959, 975, 989, 1003, 1017, 1029 Interception list of insects and mites, 1956 - 901 Light trap material, submission for identification 418 Maps, distribution - alfalfa weevil 18; army cutworm 364; Asiatic oak weevil 347; bagworm 489; banded cucumber beetle 129; birch leaf miner 182; California flatheaded borer in western U. S. 981; European corn borer 42; fir engraver in western North America 967; giant hornet 466; Japanese weevils: Pseudocneorhinus bifasciatus 414, Calomycterus setarius 787; lesser clover leaf weevil 263; lesser grain borer 288; pear psylla 228; sugarcane beetle 239; western pine beetle in-U. S. and British Columbia 5 Maps, special - chinch bug survey, 1957 186; extent of screw-worm infestation in southeast U. S., 1957 69; European corn borer abundance, fall 1957 40-41; infestation by three corn insects in Iowa, fall 1958 890; spread of spotted alfalfa aphid 92; status of imported fire ant, September 30, 1958 922 Mormon cricket adult survey, fall 1957, following 26; fall 1958, following 936 Pink bollworm - status, January 1958 544 Potato psyllid survey on overwinter- ing hosts in Texas, New Mexico, Arizona and California 278; survey in area east of the moun- tain range in Colorado, Wyoming and Nebraska 387; second survey 453; third survey 511; fourth survey 586; fifth survey 633 Rice delphacid, Sogata orizicola, and two related species 973 INDEX Small grain insect survey, Texas 335 Some insect loss estimates for 1957 205; sugarcane borer loss esti- mates for 1957 in Louisiana and florida 209 Spittlebug - potential situation for spring 1959 in Illinois 814 Stored-grain insect survey in Oklahoma 90, 213, 236, 261, 300 Summary of insect conditions, 1957 - Alabama 157; Alaska 933; Arizona 179; Arkansas 217; California 303; Colorado 201; Connecticut 151; Florida 170; Georgia 93; Idaho 246; Illinois 191; Indiana 351; Kansas 199; Louisiana 43; Maine 9; Minnesota 116; Mississippi 178; Missouri 284; Montana 23; Nebraska 110; Nevada 76; New Hampshire 216; New Jersey 6; New Mexico 83; New York 397; North Carolina 240; North Dakota 19; Ohio 223; Oklahoma 173; Oregon 79 (addi- tional note 120); Pennsylvania 57; Rhode Island 148; South Carolina 96; South Dakota 107; Tennessee 373; Texas 221 (addi- tional note 269); Vermont 100; Virginia 152; Washington 264; West Virginia 59; Wisconsin 193; Wyoming 22 Summary of insect conditions, 1958 - Alaska 934; Delaware 1012; Illinois 1025; Maine 1010; New Mexico 984; Oregon 997; Utah 944; Wyoming 1001 Summary of insect conditions in some countries in the Near East, South Asia and Africa, 1957 - Afghanistan 131; Ethiopia 133; Iran 134; Iraq 136; Lebanon 137; Libya 138; Pakistan 140 Summary (highlights) of insect occurrence, Canada, 1958 971 Survey method - white-pine weevil appraisal survey 871 Alaska spruce beetle (Dendroctonus borealis) 421,425 Alder flea beetle(Altica ambiens) 725,866 ,895 Alfalfa caterpillar (Colias Anes philodice eurytheme) 76,1 ; 6 139, 157, 180, 202, 246, 295, 310, 336, 381, 405, 413, 477, 504, 558, 670, 714, 737, 757, 779, 797, 812, 831, 846, 862, 878, 889, 944, 984, 1013 Alfalfa looper (Autographa californica) 72, 166, 202, 203, 234, 235, 236, 266, 307, 310, 344, 387, 411, 444, 505, 532, 541, 581, 588, 613, 635, 648, 812, 846, 945, 985, 997 Alfalfa plant bug (Adelphocoris lineolatus) 108, 111, 191, 194 286, 320, 406, 507, 534, 536, 558, 605, 692, 716, 738, 759, 1013, 1025 Alfalfa webworm (Loxostege commixtalis) 110, lll, 448, 532, 672, Alfalfa weevil (Hypera postica) GUS 22 ito eon Ode Oo TnaOls 09:5) 96;, 108) 110.) W345 13650 13% 140, 144, 151, 152, 165, 185, 201, 209, 233, 240, 246, 257, 264, 277, 294, 303, 311, 318, 336, 360, 371, 381, 405, 413, 444, 465, 467, 468, 469, 505, 522, 532, 536, 557, 572, 581, 604, 629, 637, 649, 670, 691, 714, 738, 758, 780, 813, 891, 939, 944, 953, 963, 972, 998, 1001, 1012 Alkali bees 82, 269, 326, 520, 548 Almond moth (Ephestia cautella) CB sleds akon ey American cockroach (Periplaneta americana) 31, 138, 190, 252, 463 American dog tick (Dermacentor variabilis) 21, 61, 99, 115, 119, 150, 198, 244, 325, 354, 370, 394, 459, 467, 468, 469, 548, 570, 594, 660, 680, 1015 American grasshopper (Schistocerca americana) 170, 335 American plum borer (Euzophera semifuneralis) 306, Angoumois grain moth (Sitotroga cerealella) 8, 46, 99, 115, 140, 156, 157, 159, 220, 223, 227, 261, 330, 467, 469, 770 Ants 22, 25, 78, 133, 214, 227, 467, 469, 619, 727, 956 Aphids 30, 58, 77, 79, 85, 97, 98, 120, 134, 135, 136, 137, 148, VSL; 157. 181, 295, 197; 198; 219, 222, 223, 225, 226, 236, 242, 250, 257, 260, 277, 280, 296,; 297, 300), 308, 310); 323), 325, 340, 342, 346, 365, 369, 381, 384, 390, 412, 415, 450, 457, 465, 467, 468, 469, 486, 488, 509, 513, 514, 517, 539, 547, 572, 611, 635, 648, 674, 677, 679, 697, 699, 720, 722, 725, 728, 763, 766, 769, 779, 786, 789, 800, 802, 816, 819, 895, 933, 946, 947, 955, 964, 966, 971, 972, 988, 993, 1007, 1010, 1013 Apple and thorn skeletonizer (Anthophila pariana) 80, 265, 268, 609, 09, 67 Apple aphid (Aphis pomi) 24, 60, 80, 138, 153, 158, 187, 195, 224, 227, 234, 248, 265, 296, 305, 310, 320, 340, 352, 353, 365, 384, 408, 413, 465, 493, 536, 537, 561, 572, 584, COMMON NAMES 609, 631, 652, 661, 673, 694, 945, 964, 998, 1010, 1013, 1027 Apple flea weevil (Rhynchaenus pallicornis) 153, 227 Apple grain aphid (Rhopalosiphum fitchii) 15, 44, 97, 174, 185, 187, 262, 275, 285, 295, 296, 317, 321, 336, 340, 360, 365, 371, 384, 408, 443, 605, 629, 796, 963, 979, 985, 993, 1021 Appie leaf trumpet miner (Tischeria malifoliella) 879 Apple maggot (Rhagoletis pomonella) 9, 58, 100, 117, 148, 151, 195, 216, 224, 225, 227, 353, 399, 467, 468, 469, 572, 608, 609, 632, 637, 661, 673, 694, 718, 740, 761, 799, 848, 972, 1010, 1027 Apple mealybug (Phenacoccus aceris) 234, 321, 999, 1010 Apple rust mite (Vasates schlechtendali) 265, 761 Apple thrips (Thrips imaginis) 1029 Argentine ant (Iridomyrmex humilis) 681 Army cutworm (Chorizagrotis auxiliaris) 15, 20, 22, 23, 53, 84, 107, 165, 174, 185, 200, 201, 202, 203, 221, 234, 276, 295, 318, 337, 360, 364, 381, 417, 468, 502, 557, 944 Armyworm (Pseudaletia unipuncta) 6, 22, 23, 43, 57, 62, 63, 64, 65, 66),)67;,68 184, (975, 122) SiS Vat. 133, 140, 150, 174, 178, 192, 195, 200, 201, 221, 227, 241, 257, 275, 285, 303, 307, 310, 318, 322, 336, 351, 360, 373, 379, 399, 404, 417, 442, 468, 469, 474, 503, 529, 536, 557, 579, 593, 604, 608, 627, 648, 662, 668, 682, 683, 690, 693, 697, 707, 714, 728, 730, 739, 778, 796, 846, 861, 879, 971, 985, 1010, 1012, 1027 Artichoke plume moth (Platyptilia carduidactyla) 54, 126, 145, 307, 310, 344, 455 Ash-gray blister beetle (Epicauta fabricii) 477, 559, 581, 629, 670 Ash plant bug (Neoborus amoenus) 24, 119, 568 Asiatic garden beetle (Autoserica castanea) 61, 150, 639, 654, 727 Asiatic oak weevil (Cyrtepistomus castaneus) 60, 347, 5 1, 805, 822, 836, 852, 1015 Asparagus beetle (Crioceris asparagi) 7, 81, 149, 158, 166, 196, bag a 267, 387, 411, 455, 512, 564, 635, 720, 742, 801, 818, 834, 947, 1012, 1014, 1027 Asparagus fly (Platyparea poeciloptera) 323 Asparagus miner (Melanagromyza simplex) 267, 801, 101 Avocado red mite (Oligonychus yothersi) 329 Azalea bark scale (Eriococcus azaleae) 60, 179, 1 Azalea lace bug (Stephanitis pyrioides) 369, 336, 931 Azalea leaf miner (Gracilaria azaleella) 127, 393 ' B Bagworm (Thyridopter ephemeraeformis) 7, 60, 95, 114, 1935 0, 222, 226, 244, 354, 368, 373, 415, 450, 461, 489, 518, 520, 568, 592, 639, 659, 680, 703, 725, 747, 769, 789, 820, 1014, 1028 Bagworms 6, 21, 93, 227, 371, 467, 703, 853 Balsam-fir sawyer (Monochamus marmorator) 119 Balsam gall midge (Itonida balsamicola) 100, Balsam twig aphid (Mindarus abietinus) 119 Balsam woolly aphid (Chermes piceae) 82, 100, 268, 419, 429, 468, 568, 725, 895, 1011 Baluchistan melon fly (Myiopardalis ardalina) 134, 137 Banana root borer (Cosmopolites sordidus) 329 Banded cucumber beetle (Diabrotica balteata) 44, 96, 129, 813, 880 Bark beetles 172, 250, 345, 415, 659 Barnacle scale (Ceroplastes cirripediformis) 783 Bean aphid (Aphis fabae) 81, 266, 279, 453, 495, 637, 675, 697, 801, 933, 999 Bean leaf beetle (Cerotoma trifurcata) 113, 153, 154, 158, I93, 217, 242, 286, 297, 322, 343, 352, 381, 388, 410, 445, 455, 480, 484, 513, 533, 540, 560, 564, 583, 612, 630, 634, 650, 693, 697, 715, 738, 758, 763, 780, 813, 832, 834, 1013, 1014, 1027, 1028 Bean leaf roller (Urbanus proteus) 171, 467, 850, 941 Bean thrips (Hercothrips fasciatus) 697 Bed bug (Cimex lectularius) 31, 132, 133, 140, 948 Beech blight aphid (Prociphilus imbricator) 895 Beech Scale (Cryptococcus fagi) 931 Beet armyworm (Laphygma exigua 44, 134, 135, Tap. 178, 180, 181, 187, 222, 303, 310, 341, 443, 457, 467, 477, 483, 487, 504, 514, 556, 562, 586, 615, 653, 668, 674, 697, 714, 736, 783, 800, 831, 833, 834, 846, 862, 865, 928, 997, 1000 Beet leafhopper (Circulifer tenellus) 3, 54, 77, 81, 145, 166, 187, 188, 222, 249, 266, 270, 278, 279, 297, 308, 342, 367, 371, 386, 411, 467, 468, 484, 510, 540, 563, 588, 613, 633, 653, 674, 696, 719, 763, 800, 834, 880, 946, 948, 984, 986, 1000, 1002, 1027 Beet webworm (Loxostege sticticalis) 19, 20) 21 9245 183s_86,un Lae; 202, 203, 249, 367, 455, 468, 484, 493, 511, 531, 540, 563, 588, 605, 613, 633, 650, 653, 672, 674, 691, 697, 714, 719, 830, 834, 971, 985, 1001 Bella moth (Utetheisa bella) 630 Billbugs 318, 335, 359, 379, 440, 442, 493, 504, 577, 863 : Birch leaf miner (Fenusa pusilla 8, 10, 58, 79, 82, 149, 217, 369, 392, 413, 415, 462, 468, 469, 517, 522, 546, 638, 642, 702, 768, 1011, 1015 Black army cutworm (Actebia fennica) 934, 1010 a Ea ne Black blister beetle (Epicauta pennsylvanica) 149, 670, 738, . 797, 807 Black blow fly (Phormia regina) 61, 569 ; : Black carpenter ant (Camponotus herculeanus pennsylvanicus) 150, 160, 468, 619, ce Black carpet beetle (Attagenus piceus) 8, 83, 150; aig. 467, 468, 469, 570, 748 Black cherry aphid (Myzus cerasi) 24, 80, 227, 234, 248, 296, 340, 482, 495, 509, 538, 561, 584, 679, 694, 998 Black cherry fruit fly (Rhagoletis fausta) 24, 195, 510, 522, 538 Black citrus aphid (Toxoptera aurantii) 172, 329 Black cutworm (Agrotis ypsilon) 45, 77, 112, 138, 175, 192, 216, 287, 307, 387, 398, 399, 455, 467, 506, 515, 530, 542, 543, 556, 563, 578, 588, 605, 634, 649, 800, 880, 971, 997, 1013, 1014, 1025 Black-headed budworm (Acleris variana) 25, 250, 268, 419, 430 Black-headed fireworm (Rhopobota naevana) 81, 196, 266, 510, 585 Black Hills beetle (Dendroctonus ponderosae) 203, 420, 424, 459 Black horse fly (Tabanus atratus) 726 Black-margined aphid (Monellia costalis) 77, 84, 482, 584, 782, 879, 928, 954 Black peach aphid (Anuraphis persicae-niger) 210, 305, 340, 954 Black pecan aphid (Melanocallis caryaefoliae) 84, 158, 171, 782, 879, 954, Black pine leaf scale (Aspidiotus californicus) 77, 250, 268 Black scale (Saissetia oleae) 135, 305, 306, 311, 371, 695, 746, 892 Black turpentine beetle (Dendroctonus terebrans) 95, 127, 154, 159, 176, 179, 220, 299, 369, 421, 425, 467, 517, 568, 638, 702, 851, 866, 966 Black vine weevil (Brachyrhinus sulcatus) 8, 81, 105, 150, 248, 897 Black widow spider (Latrodectus mactans) 25, 31, 61, 106, 309, 467, 804, 853, 948, 1015 Blister beetles 20, 23, 96, 111, 116, 149, 222, 227, 286, 445, 469, 505, 533, 536, 559, 581, 587, 605, 618, 629, 634, 649, 670, 690, 707, 738, 756, 817, 985, 1025 Bloodsucking conenose bugs (Triatoma spp.) 86, 100, 492, 680, 747, 821 Blueberry maggot (Rhagoletis pomonella) 9, 1010 Bluegrass webworm (Crambus teterrellus) 650 Boll weevil (Anthonomus grandis) 16, 29, 45, 89, 93, 95, 98, 156, 835, 865, 930, 1008 Bollworm (Heliothis zea) 45, 95, 178, 222, 308, 412, 457, 515, 589, 615, 986 Bollworms (Heliothis spp., et al.) 83, 157, 219, 345, 368, 390, 457, 458, 467, 515, 542, 566, 637, 765, 785, 802, 818 Boxelder aphid (Periphyllus negundinis) 24, 325, 833 Boxelder bug (Leptocoris trivittatus) 17, 25, 56, 78, 147, 168, 190, 197, 214, 227, 252, 261, 327, 354, 374, 467, 469, 805, 897, 945 Boxelder leaf roller (Gracilaria negundella) 987 Boxelder psyllid (Psylla negundinis) 947 Boxelder twig borer (Proteoteras willingana) 518 z Boxwood leaf miner (Monarthropalpus buxi) 61, 167, 260, 35 eT Boxwood psyllid (Psylla buxi) 325, 393 Bramble leafhopper (Ribautiana tenerrima) 972 Brinjal borer (Leucinodes orbonalis) 141 Brinjal leaf roller: (Eublemma Olivacea) 141 Bristly cutworm (Lacinipolia renigera) 320 Bristly rose-slug (Cladius isomerus) 393 Broad mite (Hemitarsonemus latus) 972 Broad-nosed grain weevil (Caulophilus latinasus) 300 Bronzed cutworm (Nephelodes emmedonia) 286, 971 Brown-banded roach (Supella supellectilium) 8, 21, 83, 86, 105, 138, 156, 262, 283, 354, 463, 569, 748, 933, 942, 983, 996, 1001, 1015 Brown cotton leafworm (Acontia dacia) 222, 413, 457 Brown dog tick (Rhipicephalus sanguineus) 17, 73, 86, 99, 115, 157, 160, 177, 181, 223, 244, 245, 459, 594, 701, 896 Brown-headed ash sawfly (Tomostethus multicinctus) 119, 309, 462 Brown spider beetle (Ptinus hirtellus) 245 Brown stink bug (Euschistus servus) 95, 97, 320, 370, 450, 669 Brown-tail moth (Nygmia phaeorrhoea 9, 10, 125, 216, 324 Brown wheat mite (Petrobia latens) 144, 174, 200, 201, 221, 246, 303, 310, 318, 336, 360, 443, 475, 485,.502, 531, 557, 581, 675, 927, 945, 993 Buck moth (Hemileuca maia) 1015 Buckthorn aphid (Aphis abbreviata) 10, 453, 469, 585, 611, 635, 653, 696, 742, 849, 1010 Bulb mite (Rhyzoglyphus echinopus) 31 Bumble flower beetle (Euphoria inda) 23 Burrowing nematode (Radopholus similis) 170, 211, 341, 451 Cc Cabbage aphid (Brevicoryne brassicae) T, 10, .72),°98, 126, (134, 151, 166, 187, 202, 211, 242, 249, 258, 267, 279, 297, 308, 310, 322, 343, 387, 398, 410, 469, 563, 611, 655, 697, 720, 741, 783, 817, 833, 933, 941, 965, 986, 1000, 1014 Cabbage curculio (Ceutorhynchus rapae) 59, 387, 452 Cabbage looper (Trichoplusia ni) 6517), 245; 6OSe1G6histiieso, 94, 95, 96, 97, 98, 109, 126, 148, 151, 154, 157, 159,166, 172, 176, 180, 181, 196, 202, 203, 21/5; °216),, 218), 221:5)'222; 223) 225, 235, 242, 249, 258, 267, 303, 307, 310, 322, 343, 367, 371, 388, 390, 398, 410, 412, 452, 457, 467, 468, 487, 493, 512, 540, 543, 564, 566, 587, 590, 612, 615, 629, 634, 636, 655, 657, 675, 678, 691, 696, 700, 720, 721, 723, 741, 744, 763, 766, 783, 785, 800, 803, 816, 819, 833, 849, 851, 865, 880, 892, 929, 930, 940, 947, 955, 986, 987, 997, 1000, 1012, 1014, 1022, 1028 Cabbage maggot (Hylemya brassicae) 7, 10, 59, 60, 149, 151, 196, 226, 227, 267, 298, 366, 371, 410, 413, 452, 465, 469, 512, 522, 536, 675, 865 Cabbage moth (Mamestra brassicae) 873 Cabbage seedpod weevil (Ceutorhynchus assimilis) 81, 249, 371 Cabbage webworm (Hellula rogatalis) 783, 929 7 Cadelle (Tenebroides mauritanicus) 56, 86, 115, 136, 159, 177, 236, 261, 681, 704, 1001, 1028 Calico scale (Lecanium cerasorum) 304, 325 ; California flatheaded borer (Melanophila californica) 420, Moga California pear-slug (Pristiphora californica) 341, 371, 385, 409, 450, California prionus (Prionus californicus) 85, 493, 848, 945 California red scale (Aonidiella aurantii) 104, 138, 142, 296, 306, 311, 467, 562, 653, 674, 762, 879, 940, 964, 1007 Camel crickets 25, 619 Camel tick (Hyalomma dromedarii) 140 Camellia scale (Lepidosaphes camelliae) 179 Carolina grasshopper (Dissosteira carolina) 637, 687, 735 Carpenter ants 61, 468 Carpenter bee (Xylocopa virginica) 156, 492 Carpenterworm (Prionoxystus robiniae) 98 Carpet beetles 21, 78, 133, 189, 190, 198, 214, 227, 327, 467, 468, 469, 982, 1001 Carrot beetle (Ligyrus gibbosus) 370 Carrot rust fly (Psila rosae) 468 Carrot weevil (Listronotus oregonensis) 484, 801, 849, 994 Casemaking clothes moth (Tinea pellionella) 468, 942 Catalpa sphinx (Ceratomia catalpae) 60, 159, 176, 354, 703, 769, 853, 1015, 1028 Catfacing insects 221, 266, 296, 321, 340, 353, 365, 384, 409, 450, 482, 816, 945, 985 Cat flea (Ctenocephalides felis) 21, 957 157, 160, 309, 354, 594, 770, 790, 837 Cattle biting louse (Bovicola bovis) 61, 86, 109, 115, 160, 168, 237, 348 Cattle grubs (Hypoderma spp.) L722 ea7Saolonez23 ee 2 Tees TI 467, 468, 469 Cattle lice 4, 22, 55, 73, 78, 90, 99, 127, 146, 189, 227, 251, 261, 262, 300, 373, 467, 468, 469, 854, 948, 987, 1009, 1023 Cattle tail louse (Haematopinus quadripertusus) 179 Cave crickets 21 Celery fly (Acidia heraclei) 375 Celery leaf tier (Udea rubigalis) 29, 539, 784, 817, 831, 849 Celery looper (Anagrapha falcifera) 266, 1012, 1014 Celeryworm (Papilio polyxenes asterius) 1014 Cereal leaf miner (Syringopais - temperatella) 134 Chaff scale (Parlatoria pergandii) 30, 136 Chain-spotted geometer (Cingilia catenaria) 151 Cheese skipper (Piophila casei) 245 Cherry fruit flies (Rhagoletis spp.) 227, 468, 469, 561 Cherry fruit fly (Rhagoletis cingulata) 510, 642 Cherry fruitworm (Grapholitha packardi) 195, 509, 610, 695, 945 Chestnut weevil (Curculio elephas) 1003 Chicken head louse (Cuclotogaster heterographus) 31 Chicken lice 468 Chicken mite (Dermanyssus gallinae) 236, 469 Chiggers 115, 155, 227, 467, 469, 681, 701, 747 Chinch bugs (Blissus spp.) 3, 15, 29, 53, 72, 94, 104, 125, 131, 174, 178, 192, 199, 218, 220, 226, 284, 285, 336, 352, 360, 380, 404, 443, 467, 469, 475, 502, 529, 554, 579, 603, 627, 648, 669, 690, 713, 739', 756,759, 7815796, '812, 830, 862, 883, 889, 891, 954, 963, 979, 1021, 1026, 1027 Chinese wax scale (Ceroplastes sinensis) 135 Cicada killer wasps 781 Cicadas 491, 585, 637 Cigar casebearer (Coleophora occidentis) 510 Cigarette beetle (Lasioderma serricorne) 136, 159, 245, 469 Citrus blackfly (Aleurocanthus woglumi) 54, 135, 142, 145, 210, 329, 342, 451, 562, 695, 762, 849, 892, 964 Citrus leaf miner (Phyllocnistis citrella) 142, 935 Citrus mealybug (Pseudococcus citri) 306 Citrus psylla (Diaphorina citri) 142 Citrus red mite (Panonychus citri) 104, 135,138, 1171559296; (303; 306, 310, 342, 386, 451, 467, 538, 585, 631, 741, 782, 799, 849, 892, 929, 955, 994 Citrus rust mite (Phyllocoptruta oleivora) 53, 135, 138, 171, 296, 306, 311, 342, 386, 451, 467, 538, 585, 632, 741, 849, 892, 929, 955, 994 Citrus thrips (Scirtothrips citri) 306, 451 Citrus whitefly (Dialeurodes citri) 29, 54, 104, 142, 210, 632 Clear-winged grasshopper (Camnula pellucida) 76, 265, 403, 553, 5773) GOls) 667), 687; 7113735 Clematis blister beetle (Epicauta cinerea) 445 Click beetles 615 Clothes moths 17, 133, 140, 223, 227, 468, 469 Clover aphid (Anuraphis bakeri) 76, 246, 264, 286, 303, 504, 533, 558, 649, 670, 691, 728 Clover head caterpillar (Grapholitha interstinctana) 504, 533, 757, 1013 Clover head weevil (Tychius stephensi) 96, 505, 533, 1025 Clover leafhopper (Aceratagallia Sanguinolenta) 23, 111, 234, 320, 361, 533, 716, 739, 781, 814, 1013 Clover leaf weevil (Hypera punctata) 111, 144, 152, 185, 191, 227, 233, 241, 246, 257, 262, 264, 276, 286, 294, 303, 319, 361, 371, 381, 405, 445, 477, 536, 1013, 1025 Clover looper (Caenurgina crassiuscula) 581 Clover mites S55 250/32") 6179) 784083186. 104, 114, 128, 147, 150, 165, 168, 190, 203, 214, 227, 234, 237, 248, 250, 277, 295, 305, 307, 310, 321, 327, 340, 363, 365, 370, 374, 394, 404, 450, 463, 467, 468, 469, 492, 609, 631, 718, 933, 934, 985, 1001, 1011, 1015 Clover root borer (Hylastinus obscurus) 153, 191, 224, 227, 246, 264, 352, 469, 605, 690, 863, 998 Clover root curculio (Sitona hispidula) 22, 111, 148, 246, 276, 286, 295, 303, 320, 337, 361, 371, 381, 582, 649, 670, 690, 715, 812, 940, 963, 980, 997, 1012 Clover seed chalcid (Bruchophagus gibbus) 44, 111, 125, 180, 246, 264, 477, 505, 533, 559, 649, 739, 759, 945, 980 Clover seed weevil (Miccotro Picirostris) 246, 445, 506, 557, 582, 715, 945, 998, 1025 Cluster fly (Pollenia rudis) 25, 56, 193, 227, 948 Cockroaches 78, 90, 140, 156, 198, 227, 394, 467, 468, 469, 805, 838, 948 Coconut scale (Aspidiotus destructor) 172 Codling moth (Carpocapsa pomonella) 6359)9123)) (58pa60s RIT SOneS,mS4, LU. eLS2 LOA Lodi Loo elo, 141, 148, 151, 153, 195, 200, 203, 216, 224, 225, 234, 248, 265, 304, 310, 340, 352, 353, 365, 384, 399, 408, 449, 465, 467, 468, 469, 481, 493, 509, 522, 536, 537, 584, 608, 609, 631, 652, 673, 694, 718, 728, 740, 761, 782, 799, 816, 833, 848, 864, 945, 972, 985, 998, 999), 1007, 1010; 1013); 12027 Collembola 31, 81, 934 Colorado potato beetle (Leptinotarsa decemlineata) 7, 21, 60, 81, 95, 11:3), 14875°149), 151, 154, 172; 175, 227, 242, 249, 267, 279, 297, 323, 343, 366, 386, 398, 409, 454, 465, 467, 469, 482, 511, 539, 562, 586, 611, 654, 674, 696, 719, 762, 783, 800, 833, 947, 986, 1012, 1014 Common cattle grub (Hypoderma lineatum) 61, 86, 99, 127, 155, 160, 168, 172, 176, 201, 203, 214, 251, 548 Common malaria mosquito (Anopheles quadrimaculatus) 245, 1015 Confused flour beetle (Tribolium confusum) 78, 86, 115, 135, 177, 223, 245, 867, 956, 982 Convergent lady beetle (Hippodamia convergens) 46, 82, 110, 136, 146, 177, 269, 370, 595, 969 Cooley spruce gall aphid (Chermes cooleyi) 8, 24, 25, 149, 392, 436, 468, 947 Corn blotch leaf miner (Agromyza parvicornis) 241, 556 Corn earworm (Heliothis zea) 6, 7, 22, 24, 43, 57, 59, 60, 76, 84, 93, 94, 95, 96, 97, 98, 112, 120, 144, 148, 151, 152, 157, 158, 171, 174, 175, 192, 194 199, 201, 202, 216, 221, 223, 224, 227, 241, 242, 247, 265, 267, 285, 307, 310, 351, 371, 379, 398, 404, 416, 442, 467, 468, 469, 474, 502, 530, 554, 579, 588, 603, 608, 626, 637, 646, 668, 682, 688, 707, 712, 736, 742, 755, 773, 778, 795, 800, 807, 811, 829, 845, 855, 861, 864, 877, 889, 890, 945, 946, 985, 986, 997, 1010, 1012, 1014, 1026, 1028 Corn flea beetle (Chaetocnema pulicaria) 6, 57, 192, 223, 284, 318, 335, 371, 379, 388, 398, 399, 444, 474, 502, 530, 556, 580, 603, 627, 647, 682, 689, 812, 1013, 1026, 1028 Corn leaf aphid (Rhopalosiphum maidis) 3)) (6, Lo 22s a4arme5 i, 59,077, 84, 112157 Tesh 74 192, 193, 194, 200, 209, 218, 223, 224, 227, 275, 285, 293, 317, 336, 351, 398, 399, 443, 467, 469, 475, 493, 502, 530, 559, 579, 603, 627, 637, 647, 669, 682, 690, 713, 737, 757, 773, 779, 796, 812, 830, 846, 862, 877, 890, 927, 939, 945, 947, 953, 963, 979, 985, 993, 1001,1013, 1028 Corn root aphid (Anuraphis maidi-radicis) 504, 530, 580 Corn root webworm (Crambus caliginosellus) -I52, 475 Corn rootworms 108, 200, 227, 469, 647, 689, 712, 756, 890 Corn sap beetle (Carpophilus dimidiatus) 647 Corn silk beetle (Luperodes brunneus) 227, 62 Cotton aphid (Aphis gossypii) 45, 77, 83, 95, 132, 141, 159, 218, 222, 243, 287, 310, 345, 368, 390, 412, 457, 467, 493, 513, 543, 567, 589) 61'5, (657); 677, 699, 722, 744, 766, 835, 851, 865, 881, 893, 930, 987 Cotton fleahopper (Psallus seriatus) 85, 176, 181, 218, 222, 368, 390, 412, 457, 468, 493, 515, 543, 545, 566, 590, 616, 636, 677, 987 Cotton gray weevil (Myllocerus undecimpustatus maculosus) 141 Cotton leaf perforator (Bucculatrix thurberiella) 181, 309, 310, 467, 487, 615, 636, 744, 766, 785, 819, 851 Cotton leaf roller (Sylepta derogata) 141 Cotton leafworm (Alabama argillacea) 45, 83, 85, 93, 95, 98, 157, 173, 175, 179, 181, 218, 222, 243, 287, 373, 468, 469, 543, 636, 657, 677, 744, 766, 803, 881, 893, 930, 987 Cotton square borer (Str melinus) 85, 222, 250, 615, 657, 744, 881, 987, 1014 Cotton whitefly (Bemisia tabaci) 141 Cottonwood leaf beetle (Chrysomela seripta) 24, 547, 702 Cottony-cushion scale (Icerya purchasi) 24, 133, 134, 136, 139, 159, 187, 281, 306, 309, 941, 1021 Cottony-maple scale (Pulvinaria innumerabilis) 24, 127, 159, 250, 268, 393, 490, 518, 592, 618, 681, 746, 768, 1001, 1002, 1028 Cowpea aphid (Aphis medicaginis) 83, 85, 125, 140, 337, 361, 412, 457, 699, 987 Cowpea curculio (Chalcodermus aneneus) 95, 157, 158, 222, 242, 784 Cowpea weevil (Callosobruchus maculatus) 211, 213, 994 Cranberry fruitworm (Acrobasis vaccinii) 196 Cranberry girdler (Crambus topiarius) 81, 264, 759 Crickets 227, 303, 855 Cross-striped cabbageworm (Evergestis rimosalis) 45, 512, 655, 929, 955 Cucumber beetles 227, 366, 388, 465 Curled rose sawfly (Allantus cinctus) 972 Currant borer (Ramosia tipuliformis) 485 Currant fruit fly (Epochra canadensis) 24, 248, 341, 946, GRE) Currant fruit weevil (Pseudanthonomus validus) 610 Cutworms Os By/5 1s Gila abla ale es 140, 151, 152, 185, 190, 192, 196, 198, 216, 221, 222, 226, 227, 236, 242, 259, 275, 284, 287, 294, 296, 298, 307, 311, 628, 649, 764, 815, 933, 934, 946, 947, 971, 997, 1010, 1025, Cyclamen mite (Steneotarsonemus pallidus) 9, 100, 117, 151, 198, 266, 298, 305, 311, 344, 399, 468, 485, 513, 522, 565, 589, CUZ 635sno93), 6997, .999)) 1010 D Darkling beetles 222, 311 Dark mealworm (Tenebrio obscurus) 159, 968, 1028 Date mite (Oligonychus pratensis) 85, 264, 445, 877 Date scale (Parlatoria blanchardi) 139 Date stem borer (Oryctes elegans) 137 Deer flies 78, 99, 245, 251, 325, 469, 948 Deodar weevil (Pissodes nemorensis) 299, 345 Depressed flour beetle (Palorus subdepressus) 56 Dermestids 25, 133, 177, 201, 213, 236, 261, 300, 468, 469 Desert corn flea beetle (Chaetocnema ectypa) 180, 379 Desert locust (Schistocerca gregaria) TSIM 4a 365013 Sa Desert spider mite (Tetranychus desertorum) 85, 590, 700 Devastating grasshopper (Melanoplus devastator) 371, 441, 536, 554, 577, 645, 667, 755 Diamondback moth (Plutella maculipennis) 45, 134, 141, 154, 222, 235, 267, 297, 322, 343, 388, 410, 452, 502, 512, 540, 564, 587, 612, 720, 741, 849, 929, 971, 972, 1000, 1014, 1028 Dictyospermum scale (Chrysomphalus dictyospermi) 134, 136, 139 Differential grasshopper (Melanoplus differentialis) 100, 116, 199, 286, 293, 317, 359, 403, 441, 5295533577 5 1601s) 6255-6375 645, 667, 687, 711, 735..755 Dingy cutworm (Feltia Subgothica) 284, 286, 287, 361, 605 Dog biting louse (Trichodectes canis) 61 Dog flea (Ctenocephalides canis) 21, 61, 95, 160, 309, 354, 469, 770 Dogwood borer (Thamnosphecia scitula) 461 Dogwood club-gall midge (Mycodiplosis alternata) 400 Dogwood twig borer (Oberea tripunctata) 61, 269, 538, 747 Douglas-fir beetle (Dendroctonus pseudotsugae) 26, 203, 250, 268, 415, 420, 423, 467, 592, 658, 894, 987 Douglas-fir engraver (Scolytus unispinosus) 1022 Douglas-fir tussock moth (Hemerocampa pseudotsugata) 25, 250, 431, 546 Dried-fruit beetle (Carpophilus hemipterus) 139, 221, 864 Drug-store beetle (Stegobium paniceum) 189 Durra stalk borer (Sesamia cretica) 133, 134, 136, 139 Dusky birch sawfly (Croesus latitarsus) 462 Dusky sap beetle (Carpophilus lugubris) 580, 603, 647, 689, 713, 736, 947, 1013 Dusky stink bug (Euschistus tristigmus) 365, 450 Ear tick (Otobius megnini) SOA 2G elidieeOLemd905. 83; 931, 948, 987 Earwigs 160, 468, 1009 Eastern lubber grasshopper (Romalea microptera) 283, 667, 704, 789 Eastern spruce gall aphid (Chermes abietis) 8, 299, 346, 488 Eastern subterranean termite (Reticulitermes flavipes) 8, 9, 10, 119, 150, 169, 179, 214, 226, 283, 296, 327, 354, 395, 463, 467, 468, 469, 493, 520, 982, 1015 Eastern tent caterpillar (Malacosoma americanum) 7, 10, 57, 58, 60, 95, 149, 167, 175, 179, 189, 197, 277, 299, 324, 327, 341, 346, 369, 373, 392, 415, 416, 460, 468, 488, 592, 1011, 1015, 1028 Ecuadorian pink bollworm (Catarata lepisma) 330 Eggplant flea beetle (Epitrix fuscula) 410, 511 Eggplant leaf miner (Keiferia glochinella) 834 Egyptian alfalfa weevil (Hypera brunneipennis) 165, 180, 209, 445 Egyptian cottonworm (Prodenia litura) 137 Elm borer (Saperda tridentata) 114 Elm calligrapha (Calligrapha scalaris) 820, 882 Elm cockscomb gall (Colopha ulmicola) 109 Elm leaf aphid (Myzocallis ulmifolii) 24, 85, 176, 490, 517, 769, 882 Elm leaf beetle (Galerucella xanthomelaena) 7, 10, 77, 82, 155, 159, 216, 220, 226, 244, 250, 268, 309, 345, 354, 373, 393, 399, 415, 462, 491, 518, 547, 568, 592, 618, 639, 658, 679, 703, 725, 746, 769, 789, 804, 820, 836, 838, 853, 867, 948, 1000, 1011, 1024 Elm leaf beetles 6, 150, 227, 374, 469, 572 Elm leaf miner (Fenusa ulmi) 197 Elm sawfly (Cimbex americana) 345, 516, 568, 659 Elm scurfy scale (Chinonaspis americana) 8, 399, 658, 746 Elm spanworm (Ennomos subsignarius) 93, 95, 437, 569, 866 Engelmann spruce beetle (Dendroctonus engelmanni) 26, 120, 268, 419, 420, 424 English grain aphid (Macrosiphum granarium) 77, 108, 113, 140, 174, 180, 200, 209, 233, 247, 257, 264, 275, 285, 293, 317, 336, 360, 380, 404, 443, 475, 493, 504, 531, 556, 581, 605, 628, 648, 713, 737, 812, 927, 945, 954, 985, 993, 997, 1013, Eriophyid mites 311, 468 Ermine moth (Hyponomeuta padella) 134 Euonymus scale (Unaspis euonymi) 8, 31, 150, 490, 547, 680, 703, 746, 804, 820, 941, 968 European alder leaf miner (Fenusa dohrnii) 82 European apple sawfly (Hoplocampa testudinea) 673 European chafer (Amphimallon majalis) 53, 572, 583, 714, 760, 847, 890 European corn borer (Pyrausta nubiilaliis)/ 65 471,.9;vo lg), 20), 33, 35, 36, 37, 38, 39, 40, 41, 42, 43, 57, 59, 74, 104, 107, 110, 113, 116, 120, 137, 148, 151, 152, 154, 157, 175, 178, 191, 192, 194, 199, 209, 216, 218, 220, 223, 224, 227, 233, 242, 257, 275, 285, 287, 293, Si tke eb RES ete GEE 403, 409, 413, 442, 467, 468, 469, 473, 483, 501, 530, 536, 539, 554, 572, 578, 586, 593, 602, 608, 612, 615, 625, 633, 636, 637, 646, 661, 668, 677, 682, 688, 696, 707, 711, 720, 723, 728, 735, 742, 755, 764, 773, 777, 784, 795, 800, 811, 817, 829, 834, 845, 850, 861, 877, 881, 883, 889, 892, 927, 929, 939, 1010, 1012, 1013, 1014, 1026, 1028 European earwig (Forficula auricularia) 9, 10, 22, 24, 78, 150, 217, 250, 308, 311, 348, 385, 463, 467, 468, 469, 492, 570, 595, 619, 661, 680, 713, 720, 748, 770, 791, 805, 816, 821, 836, 866, 948, 969, 1001, 1002, 1011 European elm scale (Gossyparia spuria))8)22),(07) LL 196), 201, 203, 345, 399, 490, 518, 591, 658, 703, 725, 746, 1002 European fruit lecanium (Lecanium corni) 24, 60, 104, 265, 304, 311, 325, 399, 409, 450, 481, 490, 493, 518, 561, 584, 610, 632, 746, 867, 972, 999 European pine sawfly (Neodiprion sertifer) 226, 392, 415, 433, 459, 516, 546 European pine shoot moth (Rhyacionia buoliana) 7, 58, 59, 60, 196, 226, 227, 299, 324, 345, 354, 392, 421, 434, 460, 468, 469, 488, 516, 545, 569, 592, 617, 724, 930 European red mite (Panonychus ulmi) 68, (9 58))60), SOnm 00k LT, 138); 151, 153, 195, 224, 225, 227, 248, 266, 295, 305, 310, 321, 340, 352, 353, 365, 371, 384, 399, 408, 449, 468, 469, 481, 509, 537, 561, 565, 584, 609, 631, 637, 652, 673, 694, 728, 161, 773, 998); 1010, 1013, 1027 Eye-spotted bud moth (Spilonota ocellana) 9, 23, 195, 216, 248, 295, 365, 399, 449, 509, 537, 584, 972 Fall armyworm (Laphygma frugiperda) 15 (437, 184, 945 974 9Sse Loe l2), 15201575 58 170, 1730 191) 192, 194, 199, 201, 202, 217, 220, 221, 222, 223, 224, 227, 241, 275, 285, 307, 351, 359, 373, 382, 398, 399, 404, 417, 444, 467, 468, 477, 502, 555, 580, 603, 628, 649, 669, 688, 707, 712, 728, 736, 742, 756, MOS Midas! dose 10057 500, OL L,; 829, 846, 850, 861, 877, 889, 927, 929, 985, 1012, 1014, 1026 Fall cankerworm (Alsophila pometaria) 7, 10, 60, 197, 415, 437, 488, alee BY) Fall webworm (Hyphantria cunea) 7, 45, 60, 80, 85, 94, 95, 98, 109, V4; 495 1555, 2585) 170, 178; 19%; 2235, 268, (3545) .392; 460, 482, 510, 546, 562, 585, 611, 617, 632, 638, 653, 659, 679, 695, 702, 718, 723, 724, 7405. 745, 768,781, 789), (799); 807, 819, 833, 852, 879, 986, 987, 999, 1014, 1028 False chinch bugs (Nysius spp.) 86, 166, 222, 303, 306, 323, 361, 455, 476, 508, 549, 559, 582, 595, 630, 647, 670, 692, 100); 135) ¢ot, 06, 863). 645), 984 False wireworms 222, 247, 388, 467 Field cricket (Acheta assimilis) (See Acheta sp.) Field cricket (Acheta sp.) 20, 181, 308, 311, 748, 757, 791 Fig borer (Batocera rufomaculata) 141 Filbertworm (Melissopus latiferreanus) 80, 278, 585, 928, 999 Fire ant (Solenopsis geminata) 56, 728, 854 Firebrats 83, 933 Fir engraver (Scolytus ventralis) 819, 967, 987 Fir needleminer (Epinotia meritana) 420, 426, 432 Flat grain beetle (Laemophloeus pusillus) 8, 177, 223, 261, 681, 956, 1001, 1023, 1028 Flathead apple tree borer (Chrysobothris femorata) 114, 175, 310 Flax bollworm (Heliothis ononis) 972 Flea beetles 23, 59, 151, 222, 293, 323, 335, 343, 359, 374, 379, 388, 404, 410, 413, 454, 465, 469, 483, 522, 536, 580, 603, 613, 654, 721, 762, 817, 830, 947, 979 Fleahoppers 345, 368, 390, 445, 458, 487, 515, 543, 590, 616, 637, 657, 767 Fleas 99) 1325, 1335 LWT, 223, 227; 467, 468, 469, 519, 660, 680, 701, 726, 867 Flies 133, 140, 467, 469, 491, 569, 594, 640, 660, 680, 726, 747, 770, 790, 804, 934, 988, 1011 Florida red scale (Chrysomphalus aonidum) 53, 138, 171, 172, 296, 342, 386, 451, 467, 538, 585, 632, 741, 799, 849, 929, 955, 994 Florida wax scale (Ceroplastes floridensis) 213 Flour beetles 55, 469 Forbes scale (Aspidiotus forbesi) 213, 385 Forest tent caterpillar (Malacosoma disstria)) 120); 196); 19855250), 268, 299, 346, 369, 392, 415, 421, 436, 459, 488, 517, 546, 569, 591, 617, 947, 966, 1000 Four-lined plant bug (Poecilocapsus lineatus) 619 Four-spotted spider mite (Tetranychus canadensis) 85, 631, 945, 1025, 1027 Fowl tick (Argas persicus) 127, 189 Foxglove aphid (Myzus solani) 10, 585, 653, 696, 742, 1011 Fruit tree leaf roller (Archips argyrospila) 84, 117, 195, 197, 248, 365, 371, 399, 409, 413, 437, 449, 493, 584, 694, 740, 782 Fruit weevil (Rhynchites heros) 289 Fuller rose beetle (Pantomorus godmani) 90, 94, 98, 353, 482, 882 G Gall insects 746, 853, 866 Gall midges 251, 680 Garden fleahopper (Halticus bracteatus) 59, 191, 675, 832, 1025 Garden slugs 508, 1011 Garden springtail (Bourletiella hortensis) 368 Garden symphylid (Scutigerella immaculata) 17, 57, 81, 249, 266, 531, 864 Garden webworm (Loxostege similalis) 23, 44, 111, 191, 217, 222, 286, 467, 469, 508, 533, 543, 555, 559, 566, 580, 593, 606, 650, 669, 677, 691, 758, 766, 779, 1012 German cockroach (Blattella germanica) 8, 72, 86, 105, 138, 160, 354, 463, 467, 469, 594, CRS) Giant hornet (Vespa crabro germana) 155, 245, 466, 805, 868, 932 Gladiolus thrips (Taeniothrips simplex) 933, 1011 Glassy cutworm (Crymodes devastator) 264 Glover scale (Lepidosaphes gloverii) 134 Gnats 78, 245, 469 Golden nematode (Heterodera rostochiensis) 323, 453, 587, 1022 Golden oak scale (Asterolecanium variolosum) 547 Golden tortoise beetle (Metriona bicolor) 158, 655, 695, 1014 Grain mite (Acarus siro) 56, 86, 1001 Grain thrips (Limothrips cerealium) 407~ Grain weevils 227, 468 Granary weevil (Sitophilus granarius) 8, 25, 78, 115, 135,. 14058565) 1985 2015 Sila0r 956, 1001 Granulate cutworm (Feltia subterranea) 303, 850, 928, 940 Grape berry moth (Paralobesia viteana) 148, 151, 218, 227, 946 Grape erineum mite (Eriophyes vitis) ets Ghilo Sty “alley? Grape flea beetle (Altica chalybea) 158, 482, 632 Grape leaf folder (Desmia funeralis) 306, 311, 740, 762, q0LO;mGoln=am 928 Grape leaf skeletonizer (Harrisina americana) 241 Grape mealybug (Pseudococcus maritimus) 135, 226, 266, 305, 385 Grape phylloxera (Phylloxera vitifoliae) 148 Grape rootworm (Fidia viticida) 632 Grapevine aphid (Aphis illinoisensis) 158 Grapevine thrips (Rhipiphorothrips cruentatus) 141 Grasshoppers . 15, 19, 22, 23, 76, 83, 84, 97, 107; L105, 112). Lic L205 ers 133; 1375, 1383/1575 165hel73% 185, 191, 194, 199, 201, 203, 217, 220, 221, 222, 227, 241, 242, 247, 265, 275, 286, 293, 303); 308)) 311) S3Lii5) S22yecs05 BeyG era etka RY KEES SEE), 395, 403, 413, 441, 454, 467, 468, 469, 473, 493, 495, 501, 511, 514, 515, 529, 536, 539, 545) 1547); DOD) DOO Oddi OU Las 615, 625, 637, 645, 667, 687, 7075 Tl, (18, 728; %oD sates 755, 773, 777, 795, 811, 815, 829, 845, 855, 861, 877, 889, 927, 939, 944, 952, 963, 971, 979, 984, 986, 987, 997, 1002, 1021, 1025, 1026 Gray garden slug (Deroceras reticulatum) 265 Great Basin tent caterpillar (Malacosoma fragilis) 203, 436, 470, 947, 987 Greater wax moth (Galleria mellonella) 868 Greedy scale (Aspidiotus camelliae) 260, 277, 746 i Greenbug (Toxoptera graminum) 3, 15, 29, 44, 53, 84, 89, 104, 125, 144, 158, 165, 174, 185; 200, 209, 221, 233, 237, 257, 262, 275, 285, 293, 317, 335, 359, 379, 476, 691, 890, 927, 953, 963, 979, 985, 993, 1007, 1021 Green cloverworm (Plathypena scabra) 1083,1110)5) 117), 20pm Soames 175, 193, 286, 294, 320, 352, 361, 405, 445, 469, 477, 506, 559, 606, 628, 634, 650, 670, 693, 697, 715, 738, 742, 757, 763, 780, 784, 797, 812, 818, 831, 834, 863, 878, 1012, 1014, 1027 Greenhouse slug (Milax gagates) 258 Greenhouse whitefly (Trialeurodes vaporariorum) 105 Green June beetle (Cotinis nitida) 97, 99, 154, 155, 226, 244, 323, 373, 445, 680, 891, 954, 963 Green oak tortrix (Tortrix viridana) 229 Green peach aphid (Myzus persicae) 77, 80, 97, 126, 141, 154, 165, EGHAM 2 LT Spel S7 ar 202. 203, 210, 211, 215, 248, 260, 265, 267, 280, 296, 297, 298, 305, 307, 310, 321, 323, 344, 353, 365, 368, 371, 384, 386, 389, 408, 449, 456, 467, 468, 469, 482, 483, 486, 493, 514, 538, 541, 561, 563, 585, 586, 588, 589, 611, 614, 635, 637, 653, 655, 676, 696, 720, 741, 742, 764, 783, 800, 802, 817, 835, 849, 879, 891, 893, 929, 98558995999) 1011, 1014, 1022 Green rose chafer (Dichelonyx backi) 546 Green stink bug (Acrosternum hilare) 320, 365, 467, 532), 713, 723; 930 Green-striped mapleworm (Anisota rubicunda) 114, 200, 545, 1015 Gregarious oak leaf miner (Cameraria cincinnatiella) 149 702 Ground beetles 46, 99 Gulf coast tick (Amblyomma maculatum) 179 Gulf wireworm (Conoderus amplicollis) 171 Gypsy moth (Porthetria dispar) 7, 10, 55, 60, 100, 126, 149, 167, 213, 298, 324, 369, 392, 400, 436, 460, 467, 468, 545, 591, 745, 768, 819, 852, 894, 1011 H Hackberry lace bug (Corythucha celtidis) 299 Hackberry nipple gall (Pachypsylla celtidis-mamma) 150, 176, 369 490, 518 Hairy caterpillar (Euproctis signata) 141 Hairy chinch bug (Blissus leucopterus hirtus) 8, 400 Hall scale (Nilotaspis halli) 258, 322 Harlequin bug (Murgantia histrionica) 114, 222, 343, 410, 604, 634, 720, 783, 800, 986, 1014 Harvester ants 84, 468, 469 Hawthorn lace bug (Corythucha cydoniae) 746, 867 Hemlock sawfly (Neodiprion tsugae) 25, 268, 421 Hessian fly (Phytophaga destructor) AG), AO). GY pL AL Ep nce pean GET 192, 200, 227, 285, 352, 380, 468, 476, 532, 556, 608, 628, 648, 670, 690, 757, 779, 831, 878, 889, 998, 1001, 1027 Hickory plant bug (Neolygus caryae) 225, 450, 510 Hickory shuckworm (Laspeyresia caryana) 94, 277, 740, 929, 964, 980, 994 Hide beetle (Dermestes maculatus) 86, 159, 956 Hog louse (Haematopinus suis) 61, 251, 948 ean Holly leaf miner (Phytomyza ilicis) 236, 260, 1000 Honey bee (Apis mellifera) S3mls2 tel peso MmLOBN 245402610 269, 301, 349, 416, 463, 492, 548, 570, 619, 660 Hop aphid (Phorodon humuli) 305, 310 Hop flea beetle (Psylliodes punctulata) 388 Horn fly (Siphona irritans) 21, 78, 86, 99, 109, 115, 151, 160), 172), 176, 197, 201, (227, 251, 325, 348, 370, 393, 416, 458, 467, 468, 469, 492, 519, 548, 569, 594, 618, 640, 660, 701, 726, 747, 769, 790, 837, 853, 882, 896, 931, 942, 948, 956, 987 Horned aphid (Lachnus salignus) 329 Hornet moth (Aegeria apiformis) 85 Hornworms (Protoparce spp.) 13154522 7nm 2430323), L762. 764, 783, 784, 817 Horse piting louse (Bovicola equi) 61 Horse bot fly (Gasterophilus intestinalis) 896, 948 Horse flies 78, 99, 160, 227, 467, 468, 569, 701, 948 Horse sucking louse (Haematopinus asini) 261 House cricket (Acheta domestica) 141, 150 House flies 227, 467, 468, 469 House fly (Musca domestica) 46, 61, 78, 86, 99, 109, 115, 138, 150, 151, 155, 197, 201, 223, 245, 309, 354, 458, 519, 548, 594, 790, 837, 853, 867, 948, 1015 Human bot fly (Dermatobia hominis) 330 Human flea (Pulex irritans) 150, 594 Imbricated snout beetle (Epicaerus imbricatus) 409 Imported cabbageworm (Pieris rapae) 1, -45; 259,260), (98 L457 01265 132, 137, 148, 151, 154, 166, 196, 216, 218, 225, 242, 258, 267, 279, 311, 343, 366, 388, 398, 410, 452, 467, 512, 564, 587, 612, 622, 634, 655, 675, 720, 741, 800, 817, 833, 880, 929, 941, 947, 955, 1000, 1012, 1014, 1028 Imported currantworm (Nematus ribesii) 452 Imported fire ant (Solenopsis saevissima richteri) 17, 31, 46, 56, 73, 91, 93, 95, 106, 128, 147, 157, 160, 170, 179, 190, 214, 220, 223, 237, 240, 244, 261, 283, 301, 327, 349), 374, 463, 467, 469, 570, 705, 822, 897, 969, 1024 Imported willow leaf beetle (Plagiodera versicolora) 226 Indian-meal moth (Plodia interpunctella) 852051015; oo), 100, 115, 132, 136, 146, 159, 177, 201, 213, 223, 236, 261, 394, 790, 854, 956, 969, 982, 1001, 1028 Introduced pine sawfly (Diprion similis) 118, 120, 415, 469, B91, 895 Ips beetles 26, 154, 176, 222, 299, 421, 426, 427, 638, 702, 746, 768, 851 Iris borer (Macronoctua onusta) 115 Italian pear scale (Epidiaspis iricola) 234, 561 Itch mite (Sarcoptes scabiei) 660 J Jack-pine budworm (Choristoneura inus) 118, 120, 196, 421, 430, , 469, 517, 568, 617, 702 Japanese beetle (Popillia japonica) 8, 59, 60, 100, 150, 153, 154, 155, 196, 211, 226, 227, 233, 241, 242, 244, 299, 324, 339, 352, 380, 395, 399, 448, 461, 467, 468, 547, 568, 580, 592, 606, 610, 613, 614, 617, 630, 635, 639, 642, 651, 655, 659, 675, 681, 705,°715, 727, 728, 771, 797, 822, 854, 897, 969, 1013 Jeffrey pine beetle (Dendroctonus jeffreyi) 77, 420, 424 Jerusalem cricket (Stenopelmatus fuscus) 25 Juniper scale (Diaspis carueli) 226, 324, 703, 948 Juniper webworm (Dichomeris marginella) 747 Jute hairy caterpillar (Diacrisia obliqua) 141 Jute semi-looper (Anomis sabulifera) 141 K Khapra beetle (Trogoderma granarium) 55; (61); 178; (83 86; el0GreISs 127, 132, 135, 146, 156, 170, 189, 198, 201, 212, 236, 251, 261, 269, 300, 326, 348, 462, 467, 570, 595, 704, 727, 770, 821, 854, 882, 896, 968, 982, 996, 1001, 1023 Ls Lacewings 78, 301, 310, 326, 988 Lackey moth (Malacosoma neustria) 101 Lady beetles 78, 136, 156, 168, 190, 252, 282, 326, 371 Larch casebearer (Coleophora laricella) 251, 346, 432, 461, 517, 658, 893 Larch looper (Semiothisa sexmaculata) 251, 431 Larch sawfly (Pristiphora erichsonii) 118, 197, 434, 460, 469, 617, 638, 708, 724, 895, 1011 Larder beetle (Dermestes lardarius) 156, 727 Larder beetles 133, 469 Large aspen tortix (Archips conflictana) 617 Large white butterfly (Pieris brassicae) 621 Leaf crumpler (Acrobasis indigenella) 296 Leaf-footed bug (Leptoglossus phyllopus) 95, 157, 158, 242, 603, 781, 796, 830, 849 Leafhoppers Tita ier lsaly aly, ae, ee, 310, 346, 367, 387, 445, 449, 455, 457, 468, 493, 537, 540, 629, 639, 742, 781, 786, 934, 945, 948, 993 Leaf miners 892, 995 Leaf rollers 83, 115, 181, 392, 469, 481, 537, 593, 694, 723, 954, 968 Lemon butterfly (Papilio demoleus) 949 Leopard moth (Zeuzera pyrina) 138 Lespedeza webworm (Tetralopha scortealis) 812 Lesser appleworm (Grapholitha 7 prunivora) 304, 632 Lesser bulb fly (Eumerus tuberculatus) 211, 249, 267 Lesser canna leaf roller (Geshna cannalis) 955 Lesser clover leaf weevil (Hypera nigrirostris) 57, 76, 111, 191, 224, 233, 247, 264, 276, 286, 303, 311, 319, 338, 352, 361, 382, 397, 406, 446, 469, 506, 533, 582, 628, 649, 691, 813, 939, 1001, 1013, 1025 Lesser cornstalk borer (Elasmopalpus lignosellus) 44, 94, 95, 96, 152, 157, 175, 178, 180, 269, 307, 309, 603, 647, 672, 739, 759, 781, 818 Lesser grain borer (Rhyzopertha dominica) 83, 132, 135, 136, 140, 146, 177, 201, 213, 220, 223), 2363-261, -1001 Lesser mealworm (Alphitobius diaperinus) 681, 805, 837 Lesser peach tree borer (Synanthedon pictipes) 94, 153, 187, 221, 225, 321, 353, 365, 409, 964 Lice 133, 140, 151, 203, 236, 325, 467, 519, 933 Lilac borer (PodoseSia syringae syringae) 98, 115 Lilac leaf miner (Gracilaria syringella) 24, 268 Lima-bean pod borer (Etiella zinckenella) 784, 880 Lined stalk borer (Oligia fractilinea) 247 Little house fly (Fannia canicularis) 416 Locust borer (Megacyllene robiniae) 4, 60, 176, 896, 948 Locust leaf miner (Chalepus dorsalis) 60, 354, 373, 546, 638, 679, 745, 1015 Locust leaf roller (Nephopteryx subcaesiella) 679 Locust twig borer (Ecdytolopha insiticiana) 30, 299 Lodgepole needle miner (Recurvaria milleri) 420, 422, 433 Lone Star tick (Amblyomma americanum) 177, 594 Long-nosed cattle louse (Linognathus vituli) 109, 282 Long-tailed mealybug (Pseudococcus adonidum) 127, 306 Loopers 44, 120, 153, 467, 678, 697, 723, 742, 756, 766, 801, 849 Lucerne flea (Sminthurus viridis) 253 Lygus bugs DOO 22 Oy Rill oe SentLOSs 165, 179, 180, 209, 222, 227, 234, 247, 250, 257, 276, 294, 304, 308, 310, 320, 338, 367, 371, 383, 389, 406, 411, 413, 446, 455, 457, 458, 468, 469, 487, 493, 507, 512, 515, 533, 545, 558, 582, 590, 606, 612, 629, 649, 657, 670, 678, 692, 697, 700, 716, 738, 744, 759, 767, 788, 985 Magnolia scale (Neolecanium cornuparyum) 244 Maize and jawar borer (Chilo zonellus) 140 Maize billbug (Calendra maidis) 112 Man eoimeet pus (Drosicha stepbingi) 1 Maple bladder-gall mite (Vasates quadripedes) 150, 226, 462, 488, 518, 1028 Maple callus borer (Sylvora acerni) 517 Maple leaf cutter (Paraclemensia acerifoliella) 100, 468 Maple-petiole borer (Caulocampus acericaulis) 516 March flies 349 Margined blister beetle (Epicauta pestifera) 149, 158, 715, 719 Meadow plant bug (Leptopterna dolabratus) 23, 397, Meadow spittlebug (Philaenus leucophthalmus) 6, 9, 53, 59, 150, 152, 191, 194, 223, 241, 2A sAOn Sze Ooo RG DLs iToOa., 373, 382, 407, 447, 467, 468, 478, 506, 513, 534, 558, 582, 613, 629, 692, 698, 716, 739, 759, 798, 814, 832, 847, 933, 934, 953, 994, 999, 1012, 1025 Mealybugs 159, 198, 223, 538, 740 Mealy plum aphid (Hyalopterus arundinis) 80, 248, 305, 371, 652 Mediterranean flour moth (Anagasta kuhniella) 25, 78, 135, 146, 179, 1001 Mediterranean fruit fly (Ceratitis capitata) 15, 104, 138, 139, 166, 210, 277, 341, 451, 562, 611, 695, 707, 799, 816, 1022 Melon aphid (Aphis gossypii) WT IIE, LBL 2 e175 58222); 279), 305, 308, 454, 467, 655, 675, 697, 847, 930, 947, 1028 Melon beetle (Epilachna chrysomelina) 134, 137, 140 Melonworm (Diaphania hyalinata) 29) wal 7 2emo22 Mexican bean beetle (Epilachna varivestis) 7, 60, 85, 93, 94, 95, 96, 98, 113, 149, 151, 153, 1157 mlbsi Ten wloGe 2O2ee216% 225, 227, 241, 242, 297, 322, 343, 367, 388, 398, 410, 446, 452, 467, 469, 480, 484, 508, 513, 534, 540, 564, 583, 587, 607, 608, 612, 634, 642, 650, 654, 661, 675, 697, 707, 715, 719, 738, 742, 763, 780, 784, 797, 801, 818, 834, 850, 855, 880, 947, 986, 1002, 1010, 1014, Mexican fruit fly (Anastrepha ludens) 54, 145, 210, 321, 341, 45001562, °585;,,695,..762;,, (892, 1021 Midges 10, 349 Migratory grasshopper (Melanoplus bilituratus) 112, 173, 199, 265, 286293 wold, 399),13.09),2 (403), 441, 501, 529, 553, 577, 601, 602, 625, 645, 667, 687, 711, 735 Millipedes 61, 227, 245, 467, 850, 947, 970, 1009 Mimosa webworm (Homadaula albizziae) 7, 99, 155, 244, 354, 373, 435, 593, 618, 639, 659, 703,.725, 746, 769, 789, 804, 820, 836, 853, 867, 895, 1014, 1028 Mites 17, 22, 148, 176, 293, 300, 321, 352, 392, 399, 461,467, 468, 469, 518, 631, 659, 704, 718, 740, 746, 768, 789, 804, 846, 933, 1027 Mole crickets 137, 138, 140, 212 Mormon cricket (Anabrus simplex) 22, 76, 80, 233, 338, 350, 379, 442, 469, 473, 495, 501, 529, 577, 602, 625, 645, 688, 735, 845, 944, 979, 997, 1001 Moroccan locust (Dociostaurus moroccanus) 131, 134 Mosquitoes 10, 21, 22, 46, 76, 78, 99, 100, 105, 109, 115, 119, 120, 132, 133), 1405; 146) 50/5) V5Sr ealaides, 181, 193, 196, 197, 198, 214, 223, 227, 236, 251, 280, 325, 348, 354, 393, 416, 417, 458, 467, 468, 469, 491, 519, 548, 569, 594, 618, 640, 660, 680, 701, 726, 747, 790, 804, 821, 853, 896, 948, 987 Mottled tortoise beetle (Deloyala guttata) 158, 655 Mountain pine beetle (Dendroctonus monticolae) 26, 77, 120, 251, 420, 422, 488, 894 Mourning-cloak butterfly (Nymphalis antiopa) 24, 78, 109, 197, 251, 309, 324, 346, 518, 568, 592, 703, 987 Mulberry whitefly (Tetraleurodes mori) 789 Nantucket pine moth (Rhyacionia frustrana) 45, 58, 60, 95, 114, ¥55, 159, 176, 179, 220, 244; 324, 435, 461, 487, 516, 545, 658, 682, 835, 852, 866 Native elm bark beetle (Hylurgopinus rufipes) 469, 679 Navel orangeworm (Paramyelois transitella) 306, 310; 879, 964, 980, 1007 Northern cattle grub (Hypoderma bovis) 86, 155, 168, 214, 251 Northern corn rootworm (Diabrotica longicornis) 112, 120, 192, 194, 285, 351, 669, 689, 736, 830 Northern fowl mite (Ornithonyssus sylviarum) 190, 468, 469 Northern house mosquito (Culex pipiens) 150, 325, 458, 469, 519, 594 Northern masked chafer (Cyclocephala borealis) 114, 226, 382, 815 Norway-maple aphid (Periphyllus lyropictus) 250, 268, 545, 724, 947 Nose bots 469 O Oak lace bug (Corythucha arcuata) 638, 679 aT Oak skeletonizer (Bucculatrix ainsliella) 804, Oblique-banded leaf roller (Archips rosaceana) 81, 409, 456, 481, 592, 999 Obscure scale (Chrysomphalus obscurus) 277, 461, 964 D Old-house borer (Hylotrupes bajulus) 32, 61, 150, 156, 237, 245, 468, 493, 549, 595, 932, 969 Old World date mite (Oligonychus afrasiaticus) 135 Oleander scale (Aspidiotus hederae) 145, 213, 305, 348 Olive fly (Dacus oleae) 137, 139 Olive moth (Prays oleellus) 137 Olive psylla (Euphyllura olivina) 139 Olive scale (Parlatoria oleae) 15, 135, 139, 141, 306, 309, 311, 395, 450, 740 Omnivorous leaf tier (Cnephasia longana) 79, 322, 476, 972, 997 One-spot stink bug (Euschistus variolarius) 249, 450 Onion maggot (Hylemya antiqua) TIP RCOMSIeMUUSNELIGMEZO3") 21d), 249, 267, 297, 344, 388, 411, 454, 467, 468, 469, 485, 493, 512, 522, 536, 541, 564, 588, 613, 655, 675, 697, 801, 865, 881, 933, 947, 972, 999, 1025, 1027 Onion thrips (Thrips tabaci) 77, 85, 126, 187, 196, 222, 235, 249, 311, 564, 634, 675, 947, 986, 987, 1007 Orange pulvinaria scale (Pulvinaria aurantii) 134 Orange-striped oakworm (Anisota senatoria) 149, 745, 804, 819, 835, 866, 893, 966 Orange tortrix (Argyrotaenia citrana) 72, 126, 268, 369, 495, 584, 610, 720, 804, 999 Orchard mites 84, 225, 340, 384, 493, 537, 585, 652, 661, 694, 761, 792, 799, 816 Oriental cockroach (Blatta orientalis) 86, 327, 467, 492, 520, 942 Oriental fruit moth (Grapholitha molesta) 7, 79, 80, 94, 148, 153, 158, 178, 218, 225, 227, 265),./304) 352), (353), 384, 408, 450, 469, 509, 536, 538, 584, 608, 610, 652, 673, 695, 718, 728, 751, 761, 782, 833, 928, 997, 998, 1027 Oriental moth (Cnidocampa flavescens) 804 Oriental yellow scale (Aonidiella orientalis) 135 Oystershell scale (Lepidosaphes ulmi) 22, 60, 114, 117, 119, 149, 165, 203, 226, 251, 268, 348, SIS AOL DOOM G32 OS Nic oo) 948, 1002 Pacific Coast wireworm (Limonius canus) 265, 267 Pacific flatheaded borer (Chrysobothris mali) 306, 310, 384 Pacific mite (Tetranychus pacificus) 258, 609, 768 Packard grasshopper (Melanoplus packardii) 247, 265, 553, 601, 687 Painted-lady (Vanessa cardui) ali, ke eS eri S IZ 7Ewo 10), 382, 411, 462, 490, 520, 564, 607, 639, 972, 997, 999, 1012, 1013 Painted leafhopper (Endria inimica) alah Painted maple aphid (Drepanaphis acerifoliae) 8 Pale-striped flea beetle (Systena blanda) 95, 487, 534, 629 Pale tussock moth (Halisidota tessellaris) 679, 789 Pale western cutworm (Agrotis orthogonia) 23, 107, 110, 113, 165, 200, 201, 202, 293, 318, S37 Sol, 006) W798 0 Pales weevil (Hylobius pales) 45, 159, 369, 392, 415, 428, 459, 517, 547, 568, 852 Parlatoria date scale (Parlatoria blanchardi) 135 Pavement ant (Tetramorium caespitum) 8, 170, 308, 467, 469, 563, 619, 1015 Pea aphid (Macrosiphum pisi) 6, 44, 57, 59, 76, 79, 81, 84, 89, 108, 111, 114, 117, 120, 131, 152, 158, 174, 179, 180, 185, 190, 191, 195, 200, 201, 203, 209, 212, 217, 224, 227, 234, 247, 249, 257, 264, 266, 276, 280, 286, 294, 303, 310, 319, 338, 361, 371, 382, 406, 410, 413, 446, 452, 465, 467, 468, 469, 478, 484, 507, 512, 534, 536, 540, 558, 564, 582, 587, 593, 606, 612, 630, 634, 637, 649, 654, 671, 691, 715, 738, 758, 780, 797, 813, 832, 846, 863, 878, 890, 928, 939, 944, 953, 963, 980, 984, 993, 99/7; 1001, 1012, 1025, 1028 Pea leaf miner (Liriomyza langei) 308 Pea leaf weevil (Sitona lineata) 53, 79, 125, 234, 260, 264, 344, 362, 406, 671, 691, 997 Pea moth (Laspeyresia nigricana) 267 Pea thrips (Kakothrips pisivorus) 120 Pea weevil (Bruchus pisorum) 203, 213, 266, 452, 484, 512, 540, 947 Peach fruit fly (Dacus zonatus) 142 Peach fruit moth (Carposina niponensis) 751 Peach silver mite (Vasates cornutus) 6, 80, 265, 305, 740, 945, 998 Peach tree borer (Sanninoidea exitiosa) 93, 94, 115, 158, 175, 203, 221, 225, 227, 277, 296 321, 353, 385, 467, 468, 652, 945, 954, 964 Peach twig borer (Anarsia lineatella) 80, 134, 138, 139, 203, 221, 248, 265, 296, 304, 310, 341, 385, 467, 482, 493, 509, 610, 652, 695, 718, 761, 848, 945, 986, 998 Pear leaf blister mite (Eriophyes pyri) 24, 77, 80, 144, 187, 210, 216, 248, 305, 366, 385, 409, 450, 465, 481, 538, 561, 610, 761, 820, 892, 945, 972, 998 Pear psylla (Psylla pyricola) 80, 125, 151, 211, 234, 248, 265, 277, 296, 303, 304, 310, 321, 327, 341, 371, 385, 409, 465, 468, 509, 610, 652, 674, 740, 761, 864, 998, 1007 Pear rust mite (Epitrimerus pyri) 265 Pear sawfly (Hoplocampa brevis) 573 Pear-slug (Caliroa cerasi) 24, 77, 227, 248, 265, 304, 311, 561, 585, 652, 673, 694, 718, 740, 945, 985, 1002, 1013 Pear thrips (Taeniothrips inconsequens 138, 258, 305, 311, 945, 998 Pecan leaf casebearer (Acrobasis junglandis) 366, 409 Pecan leaf phylloxera (Phylloxera notabilis) 510 Pecan nut casebearer (Acrobasis caryae) 94, 171, 175, 187, 221, 235, 277, 341, 386, 451, 468, 510, 538, 561, 585, 611, 782 Pecan weevil (Curculio caryae) 94755 2777S 2m Pepper maggot (Zonosemata electa) 634, 697, 801 Pepper weevil (Anthonomus eugenii) 6, 7, 222, 308, 311, 588, 655, 697, 763, 784, 865, 881, 994 Periodical cicada (Magicicada septendecim) 58, 60, 153, 155, 244, 353, 373, 468, 518 Philippine cotton boll weevil (Amorphoidea lata) 975 Pickleworm (Diaphania nitidalis) 98, 154, 158, 172, 218, 964 Pineapple mealybug (Pseudococcus brevipes) 728 Pine bark aphid (Pineus strobi) 58, 155, 260, 268, 325, 346, 369, 400, 415, 461, 517, 547, 679) 725, 1011 Pine bark weevils 852, 966 Pine butterfly (Neophasia menapia) 82, 251, 432 Pine chafer (Anomala oblivia) 58 Pine engraver (Ips pini) 95, 346, 392, 400, 746 Pine leaf aphid (Pineus pinifoliae) 100, 437, 725, 1011 Pine moth (Panolis flammea) 1017 Pine needle miner (Exoteleia pinifoliella) 45, 149 Pine needle scale (Phenacaspis pinifoliae) 21, 22, 24, 26, 31, 60, 114, 150, 159, 251, 260, 268, 324, 346, 415, 435, 518, 547, 866, 1002, 1028 Pine root-collar weevil (Hylobius radicis) 118, 197, 400, 428 Pine sawflies * 227, 369, 433 Pine tortoise scale (Toumeyella numismaticum) 58, 59, 61, 119, 159, 281, 324, 400, 435, 518 Pine webworm (Tetralopha robustella) 167, 299, 881, 930, 966 Pink bollworm (Pectinophora gossypiella) 3, 16, 30, 54, 77, 85, 89, 132, 133, 135, 141, 145, 1670176) Mise a oootiaaa" 281, 345, 390, 412, 457, 458, 486, 515, 543, 544, 566, 590, 615, 636, 700, 744, 766, 803, 819, 835, 850, 865, 881, 941, 965, 980, 984, 987, 995, 1022 Pink scavenger caterpillar (Pyroderces rileyi) 157, 993 Pistachio leafhopper (Idiocerus stali) 135 Pitch twig moth (Petrova comstockiana) 118 © Plains false wireworm (Eleodes opaca) 113 Plant bugs 120, 286, 352, 362, 406, 447, 468, 478, 507, 616, 700, 759, 1001 Plum curculio (Conotrachelus nenuphar) 7, 93, 94, 117, 148, 151, 153, 195, 200, 216, 218, 221, 224, 225, 227, 295, 321, 341, 352, 353, 366, 385, 399, 408, 417, 450, 465, 468, 469, 481, 509, 522, 537, 561, 584, 610, 632, 652, 673, 695, 833, 1013, 1027 Plum fruit moth (Laspeyresia funebrana) 989 Poplar and willow borer (Sternochetus lapathi) 119, 251, 517, 638, 659, 1000 Poplar borer (Saperda calcarata) 251 Poplar-petiole gall aphid (Pemphigus populi-transversus) 24, 965 Poplar tent maker (Ichthyura inclusa) 836, 853 Poplar-twig gall aphid (Pemphigus populi-ramulorum) 987 Poplar vagabond aphid (Mordwilkoja vagabunda) 24, 947 Potato aphid (Macrosiphum solanifolii) 10, 202, 225, 249, 307, 329, 386, 398, 453, 467, 483, 512, 539, 563, 585, 586, 611, 653, 696, 720, 741, 742, 817, 948, 1011, 1014 ~xPine spittlebug (Aphrophora parallela) 58, 60, 461, 517, 545, 617 Potato flea beetle (Epitrix cucumeris) 10, 21, 59, 60, 109, 149, 154, 195, 225, 227, 398, 410, 454, 468, 469, 511, ERE) 562, 586, 633, 654, 696, 719, 742, 762, 1011, 1014 Potato jassid (Empoasca devastans) 141 Potato leafhopper (Empoasca fabae) 6; 20), 21) 57, 605; 108; TORRE. 113, 116, 151, 152, °154, alyplbe, 192, 194, 223, 225, 227, 257, 286, 338, 351, 362, 383, 397, 406, 413, 445, 467, 468, 469, 478, 483, 508, 512, 535, 536, 539, 563, 572, 582, 586, 606, 630, 633, 650, 653, 654, 671, 692, 716, 728, 739, 759, 763, 781, 783, 798, 801, 807, 814, 832, 940, 954, 965, 1013, 1014, 1025, 1028 Potato psyllid (Paratrioza cockerelli) 22, 24, 110, 113, 200, 202, 222, 259, 278, 453, 468, 483, 511, 563, 586, 611, 633, 654, 674, 696, 719, 7Al, 763, 801, 817, 850, 880, 986, 1002 Potato rot nematode (Ditylenchus destructor) 195, 850, 865 Potato stem borer (Hydroecia micacea) 972 Potato tuber weevil (Premnotrypes vorax) 329 Potato tuberworm (Gnorimoschema operculella) 77, 97, 154, 156, 170, 245, 307, 310, 453, 611, 783, 947 Poultry lice 660, 948 Poultry mites 467, 948 Powder-post beetles 119, 147, 198, 227, 468, 469, 637, 1001 Privet mite (Brevipalpus obovatus) 821 Psocids 21, 223 Pumpkin caterpillar (Diaphania indica) 841 Purple-backed cabbageworm (Evergestis pallidata) 60 Purple scale (Lepidosaphes beckii) 53, 134, 139, 171, 258, 296, 310, 311, 329, 342, 386, 467, 538, 585, 632, 741, 799, 892, 929, 955, 994 Puss caterpillar (Megalo e opercularis) 179, 244, 799, 855, 931, 955 Putnam scale (Aspidiotus ancylus) aie ast) R Rapid plant bug (Adelphocoris rapidus) 111, 158, 286, 406, 447, 507, 534, 558, 567, 692, 700, 759, 773, 847, 1013, 1025 Raspberry cane borer (Oberea bimaculata) 99, 117, 241 Raspberry cane maggot (Pegomya rubivora) 79, 81, 266, 485 Raspberry moth (Incurvaria rubiella) 355 Raspberry root borer (Bembecia marginata) 24, 280, 946 Raspberry sawfly (Monophadnoides eniculatus) 117 Red-admiral (Vanessa atalanta) 198 Red-backed cutworm (Euxoa ochrogaster) 247, 410, 934, 971 Red-banded leaf roller (Argyrotaenia velutinana) 6, 9, 58, 60, 117, 151, 153, 195, 200, 216, 224, 225, 227, 321, 327, 340, 353, 365, 384, 399, 408, 413, 449, 10m 465, 481, 509, 522, 584, 609, 631, 642, 673, 694, 707, 728, 761, 773, 782, 799, 816, 833, 848, 986, 1013, 1027 Red-banded thrips (Selenothrips rubrocinctus) 329 Red bollworm (Diparopsis castanea) 899 Red cucumber beetle or red pumpkin beetle (see Raphidopalpa foveicollis) Red flour beetle (Tribolium castaneum) 8, 25, 99, 115, 135, 136, 159, 177, 213, 236, 245, 261, 269, 837, 1028 Red harvester ant (Pogonomyrmex barbatus) 237, 349 Red-headed pine sawfly (Neodiprion lecontei) 55, 95, 119, 179, 222, 355, 593, 638, 724, 745, 803, 881, 895 Red-humped caterpillar (Schizura concinna) 176, 304, 674, 702, 799, 864, 879, 998 *Red-humped oakworm (Symmerista albifrons) 438, 593 Red-legged earth mite (Halotydeus destructor) 313 Red-legged flea beetle (Derocrepis erythropus) 365 Red-legged grasshopper (Melanoplus femur-rubrum) 100, 116, 194, 199, 247, 286, 293, 403, 441, 529, 553, 577, 601, 625, 637, 645, 667, 687, 711, 735, 755 Red-legged ham beetle (Necrobia rufipes) 520 Red-necked cane borer (Agrilus ruficollis) 940, 995 Red-necked peanutworm (Stegasta basqueella) 94, 173, 174, 447, 468, 480, 508, 535, 560, 583, 607; 651, .672)..7165, 023.) fol, 798, 847, 863, 891 Red-pine cone beetle (Conophthorus resinosae) 702 Red pine scale (Matsucoccus resinosae) 436 Red rust thrips (Palleucothrips musae) 329 Red turpentine beetle (Dendroctonus valens) 77, 100, 420, 468, 931, 1023 Rhodes-grass scale (Antonina graminis) L715, 03530948963 Rice delphacid (Sogata orizicola) 973, 979, 1021 Rice hispid (Dicladispa armigera) 169, 857 Rice stalk borer (Chilo plejadellus) 447 Rice stem borer (Schoenobius incertulas) 140 Rice stink bug (Oebalus pugnax) 44, 221, 233, 383, 405, 468, 476, 628, 690, 714, 737, 757 Rice water weevil (Lissorhoptrus oryzophilus) 221, 629 Rice weevil (Sitophilus oryza) 46, 86, 94, 99, 115, 132, 135, 153, 156, 159, 177, 220, 979, 1028 Rice weevils 99, 140, 157, 201, 213, 223, 236, 261, 467, 469 Roaches 83,133; 223, 467 Rocky Mountain wood tick (Dermacentor andersoni) 468, 570 Root maggots 454, 467, 971, 972 Rootworms 467, 468, 469 Rose aphid (Macrosiphum rosae) 85, 105, 145, 167, 213, 236, 251, 260, 300, 369, 461, 547, 948 Rose chafer (Macrodactylus subspinosus) 150, 227, 591 O35 1011 *Carried in Vol. 8 as S. albicosta Rose leafhopper (Edwardsiana rosae) 389, 948, 968 Rose scale (Aulacaspis rosae) 60 Rose-s lugs 227 Rose stem girdler (Agrilus rubicola) 698, 946 Rose thrips 227 Rosy apple aphid (Anuraphis roseus) 148, 153, 187, 224, 248, 305, - 310, 320, 327, 340, 353, 365, 371, 384, 408, 449, 465, 481, 493, 509, 522, 536, 537, 561, 584, 609, 945, 985, 1013, 1027 Sener apple tree borer Saperda candida) 296 Rusty grain beetle (Laemophloeus ferrugineus) 8, 1028 Rusty tussock moth (Orygia antiqua) 893 Rufous scale (Selenaspidus articulatus) 329 S Saddled prominent (Heterocampa guttivitta) 197, 437, 724 Sagebrush defoliator (Aroga websteri) 251 DOS med Salt-marsh caterpillar (Estigmene acrea) 181, 307, 311, 487, 515, 531, 540, 555, 616, 652, 697, 744, 764, 766, 779, 785,/835, 881, 892, 930, 968, 1012, 1013, 1014 Salt-marsh mosquito (Aedes sollicitans) 8, 46, 244, 325, 370, 393, 416, 458, 467, 469, 519, 548, 618, 660, 701, 747 Sand flies 132, 467, 680 Sand wireworm (Horistonotus uhlerii) 97, 284 MRS os San Jose scale (Aspidiotus perniciosus) 58, 72, 80, 84, 89, 94, 117, 125, 141, 151, 165, 187, 211, 227, 248, 277, 296, 305, 311, 321, 371, 385, 399, 409, 450, 467, 493, 561, 652, 674, 695, 848, 945, 986 Sap beetles 565, 627, 647, 862 Saratoga spittlebug (Aphrophora saratogensis) 57, 58, 197, 436, 591, 679, 702, 866 Satin moth (Stilpnotia salicis) 488 Sawflies 366, 392, 415, 593, 638, 724, 768, 786, 966 Saw-toothed grain beetle (Oryzaephilus surinamensis) 8, 25, 78, 83, 86, 90, 99, 135, 146, 177, 198, (201), 213; (220), 223, 236, 245, 251, 261, 269, 467, 468, 469, 660, 805, 1001, 1028 Say stink bug (Chlorochroa sayi) 23, 76, 84, 181, 209, 213, 405, 447, 476, 502, 532, 556, 581, 604, 616, 630, 648, 652, 657, 671, 678, 692, 700, 727, 739, 745, 767, 945, 946 Scale insects 58, 109, 155, 198, 223, 258, 281, 324,' 341, 348, 366, 393, 399, 435, 461, 468, 490, 518, 547, 632, 703, 725, 768, 789, 968 Schoene spider mite (Tetranychus schoenei) 631, 718, 1013 Scorpions 133, 140, 701 p Screw-worm (Callitroga hominivorax) 46, 69, 86, 93, 95, 99, 107, — 109, 115, 157, 160, 172, 177, 201, 223, 236, 244, 300, 326, 467, 468, 469, 519, 570, 837, 853, 867, 896, 931, 942, 956, 968 Scurfy scale (Chionaspis furfura) 22, 461, 746 Secondary screw-worm (Callitroga macellaria) 99, 155, 370 Seed-corn beetle (Agonoderus lecontei) 112, 555 Seed-corn maggot (Hylemya cilicrura) Ssles5, 0166, 075 ,.S75 194, 202, 203, 212, 226, 227, 267, 297, 308, 322, 339, 359, 390, 444, 468, 469, 476, 504, 514, 522, 893, 933, 934, 947, 971, 972, 1010 Senn pest (Eurygaster integriceps) U31) Ls4e 136s Ls? Sequoia pitch moth (Vespamina sequoiae) 894 Shaft louse (Menopon gallinae) ope Sheep bot fly (Oestrus ovis) 4, 86, 99, 168, 726, 1023 Sheep ked (Me lophagus ovinus) 4, 22, 61, 78, 86, 137, 203, 236, 261, 282, 300, 311, 325, 468, 469, 548, 747, 821, 853, 896, 948 988, 1011 Sheep scab mite (Psoroptes equi var. ovis) 73, 155, 168, 326, 995 Short-nosed cattle louse (Haematopinus eurysternus) 86, 109, 282 Short-tailed cricket (Anurogryllus muticus) 437. Shot-hole borer ; (Scolytus losus) 84, 94, 144, 158, 175, 306, 450, 584, 611, 632, 761, 864, 946, 985 Silverfish 133, 223, 467, 469, 933 Silver-Y moth (Autographa gamma) 497 Sitka-spruce beetle (Derdroctonus obesus) 421, 425, 881 Six-spotted leafhopper (Macrosteles fascifrons) 19, 20, 21, 107, 108, LOO MLS) a6) ASS, A150), 195, 202, 203, 226, 285, 398, 407, 413, 445, 467, 468, 469, 479, 484, 493, 504, 532, 558, 588, 611, 650, 671, 721, 728, 739, 742, 764, 817, 881, 947, 972, 1007, 1014 Six-spotted mite (Eotetranychus sexmaculatus) 54, 145, 296, 343, 386, 451 Slugs 22, 125, 172, 213, 226, 227, 233, 299, 541, 556, 564, 580, 604, 676, 893, 955, 972, 999 Smaller chestnut weevil (Curculio auriger) 864, 940 Smaller European elm bark beetle (Scolytus multistriatus) 10, 105, 110, 114, 149, 196, 200, 303, 309, 392, 399, 415, 433, 459, 467, 468, 488, 517, 547, 591, 639, 659, 679, 703, 725, 746, 769, 804, 931, 987 Snails 975,138 Snowball aphid (Anuraphis viburnicola) 250, 346, 415 Snowy tree cricket (Oecanthus niveus) 197, 311, 658, 678 Sod webworms 82, 99, 242, 268, 476, 495, 863 Soft scale (Coccus hesperidum) 144, 145, 281, 306 Solitary oak leaf miner (Cameraria hamadryadella) 149, 244, 679, 725 Sorghum midge (Contarinia sorghicola) 44, 285, 757, 779, 812, 830, 862, 877, 889, 953, 963, 979 Sorghum webworm (Celama sorghiella) el CK, Exiy mb kt EE Cea 373, 468, 580, 604, 648, 689, 713, 736, 778, 811, 830, 846, CYS ei, Ges. OER} -ll - South American bollworm (Sacadodes pyralis) 331 Southeastern scorpion (Vejovis carolinus) 245 Southern armyworm (Prodenia eridania) 43, 45, 171, 178, 467, 469, 817 Southern beet webworm (Pachyzancla bipunctalis) 175, 179 Southern cabbageworm (Pieris protodice) 881 Southern cattle tick (Boophilus microplus) 170 Southern corn rootworm (Diabrotica undecimpunctata howardi) 57, 59, 94, 112, 153, 320, 359, 444, 469, 504, 689, 756, 779 Southern cornstalk borer (Diatraea crambidoides) 157, 178, 241, 555, 580, 627, 637, 648, 830, 862, 877 Southern fire ant (Solenopsis xyloni) 701, 854 Southern green stink bug (Nezara viridula) 43, 95, 97, 157, 178, 218, 469, 484, 581, 588, 604, 965 Southern house mosquito (Culex quinquefasciatus) 618 Southern lyctus beetle (Lyctus planicollis) 56, 245 Southern pine beetle (Dendroctonus frontalis) 45, 55, 145, 154, 159, 222, 244, 421, 426, 469, 517, 546, 591, 617, 638, 658, 768, 803, 851, 866, 882, 955, 966, 995 Southern pine sawyer (Monochamus titillator) 179, 245, 459 Southern potato wireworm (Conoderus falli) 98, 279, 387, 511, 614, 955 Southern red mite (Oligonychus ilicis) 8, 400, 609, 679, 1008 Southwestern corn borer (Zeadiatraea grandiosella) 3, 44, 84, 174, 180, 200, 218, 220, 221, 284, 285, 293, 335, 359, 476, 531, 555, 580, 595, 604, 627, 629, 648, 669, 689, 713, 737, 773, 779, 796, 812, 830, 846, 861, 877, 883, 889, 927, 979, 985 Southwestern pine beetle (Dendroctonus barberi) 424, 469 Soybean cyst nematode (Heterodera glycines) 53, 125, 144, 170, 210, 286, 295, 339, 448, 560, 693, 707, 815, 848, 891, 964, 1021 Soybean pod borer (Grapholitha glycinivorella) 11 Spider mites 7, 76, 83, 93, 95, 134, 135, 153, 156, 157, 158, 159, 176, 181, 187, 198, 219, 222, 223, 236, 240, 259, 307, 308, 310, 323, 344, 345, 362, 366, 368, 389, 390, 458, 467, 468, 469, 487, 516, 541, 545, 567, 568, 590, 616, 636, 657, 678, 698, 707, 723, 739, 745, 764, 767, 779, 786, 803, 812, 819, 893, 945, 956, 1028 Spinach flea beetle (Disonycha xanthomelas) 696 Spinach leaf miner (Pegomya hyoscyami) 7, 134, 149, 151, 250, 398, 468, 469, 484, 513, 564, 588, 655, 1010 Spiny pollworm (®arias insulana) NS 2 LSS) Loo eat Spiny oakworm (Anisota stigma) 216, 1015 Spirea aphid (Aphis spiraecola) 159, 346, 948 Spittlebugs 227, 320, 338, 362, 383, 407, 454, 465, 479, 485, 488, 506, 541, 672 Spotted alfalfa aphid (Therioaphis maculata) 3, 15, 22, 29, 43, 53, 59, 72, 76, 83, 84, 89, 93, 96, 99, 104, 106, nals. Sli}. ales} 5 134, 136, 144, 153, 157, 165, 173, 179, 185, 190, 191, 195, 200, 210, 217, 220, 221, 224, 227, 234, 241, 247, 257, 276, 280, 286, 294, 303, 310, 318, 339, 3525, 363, 373, 383, 407; 447, 465, 467, 479, 493, 495, 505, 535, 559, 582, 607, 630, 637, 650, 671, 691, 708, 715, 728, 738, 758, 773, 780, 798, 813, 831, 847, 862, 878, 891, 928, 939, 944, 953, 963, 980, 984, 993, 997, 1007, 1021, 1025 Spotted asparagus beetle (Crioceris duodecimpunctata) 7, 149, 166, 196, 267, 387, 411, 455, 512, 720, 818, 947, 1014, 1028 Spotted cucumber beetle (Diabrotica undecimpunctata howardi) 105, LOO SUL 49 MB Sam 222 aii Cosy 343, 352, 366, 398, 484, 531, 612, 690, 720, 738, 801, 813, 832, 847, 863, 864, 878, 928, 940, 941, 947, 953, 1013, 1028 Spring cankerworm (Paleacrita vernata) 110, 114, 197, 341, 393, 415, 460, 493, 568, 1015, Springtails 126, 212, 368, 411 Spruce aphid (Aphis abietina) 82, 268, 299 Spruce bud moth (Zeiraphera ratzeburgiana) 82, 419, 431 Spruce bud scale (Physokermes Piceae) 658 Spruce budworm (Choristoneura funi ferana) Ope lOmalG ana 2 5s TLS; L20, 216, 251, 392, a 420, 428, 429, 468, 469, 516, 546, 617, 638, 658, 679, 724, 745, 819, 894, 987, 1011 Spruce needle miner (Taniva albolineana) 21, 24, 303, 309, 547 Spruce spider mite (Oligonychus ununguis) 26, 226, 371, 400, 420, 428, 568, 593, 617, 895 Square-necked grain beetle (Cathartus quadricollis) 159 Squash bug (Anasa tristis) 10, 77, 114, 149, 175, 222),°352, 587, 655, 817, 947, 986, 1028 Squash vine borer (Melittia cucurbitae) 114, 149, 158, 564, 1014 Stable fly (Stomoxys calcitrans) (ty EDS ay ahs ail aE eel. 458, 519, 548, 569, 660, 837, 882, 896 Stalk borer (Papaipema nebris) 9, 59, 117, 148, 150, 157, 216, 353, 468, 469, 540, 591, 593, 604, 616, 627, 654, 657, 701, 1013 Stink bugs 93, 96, 157, 180, 181, 222, 225, 242, 308, 311, 320, 380, 486, 493, 516, 563, 581, 587, 604, 616, 634, 669, 745, 757, 767, 779, 782, 786, 797, 984, 985, 986, 1027 Strawberry aphid (Pentatrichopus fragaefolii) 248, 266, 411, 818, 835, 850, 999 Strawberry crown miner (Aristotelia fragariae) 373 Strawberry crown moth (Ramosia bibionipennis) 166, 279, 946, 999) Strawberry leaf roller (Ancylis comptana fragariae) 24, 45, 117, 196, 200, 248, 344, 367, 373, 389, 411, 456, 513, 541, 564, 676, 698, 801, 946, 999, 1027 Strawberry root aphid (Aphis forbesi) 45 Strawberry root weevil (Brachyrhinus ovatus) 322, 455, 541, 661, 681, 2K ol 933), 7 o+ Strawberry spider mite (Tetranychus atlanticus) 153, 287, 516, 650, 700, 1013, 1014 Strawberry weevil (Anthonomus Signatus) 322, 367, 389, 455, 1013 Strawberry whitefly (Trialeurodes packardi) 148 Straw itch mite (Pyemotes ventricosus) 791 Striped cucumber beetle (Acalymma vittata) 109, 149, 151, 157, 226, 343, 366, 388, 398, 411, 452, 468, 484, 513, 541, 564, 587, 612, 642, 675, 758, 947, 986, 1014, 1028 Striped flea beetle (Phyllotreta striolata) 388, 586, 693, 696, (ete Sugar-beet root maggot (Tetanops myopaeformis) 21, 202, 250, 386, 469, 513, 563, 613, 653 Sugar-beet wireworm (Limonius californicus) 166, 265, 371, 609, 654 Sugarcane beetle (Euetheola rugiceps) 44, 94, 218, 349, 359, 373, 405, 448, 556, 580 Sugarcane borer (Diatraea saccharalis) 44, 209, 318, 336, 380, 448, 467, 476, 504, 531, 560, 581, 604, 627, 689, 798, 878 Sugarcane stem borer (Argyria sticticraspis) 140 Sugarcane top borer (Scirpophaga nivella) 140 Sugarcane whitefly (Aleurolobus barodensis) 141 Sugar-pine cone beetle (Conophthorus lambertianae) 428 Sunflower moth (Homoeosoma electellum) 77, 85 Superb plant bug (Adelphocoris superbus) 944 Swallow bug (Oeciacus vicarius) 618 Sweetclover aphid (Myzocallidium riehmi) 20, 44, 191, 247, 286, 363, 407, 447, 479, 520, 535, 559, 582, 691, 945, 1025 Sweetclover weevil (Sitona cylindricollis) 20, 100, 108, UU LT) 2050 192) 222), 220,, 247, 264, 286, 294, 303, 319, 339, 363, 383, 406, 447, 468, 469, 479, 506, 535, 557, 691, 944, 1026 Sweetpotato flea beetle (Chaetocnema confinis) 388, 539 Sweetpotato leaf roller (Pilocrocis tripunctata) 784 Sweetpotato weevil (Cylas formicarius elegantulus) 54, 178, 211, 455, 467, 635, 707, 818, 965 Sycamore lace bug (Corythucha ciliata) 8, 679, 768 Sycamore tussock moth (Halisidota harrisii) 354 T Tabanids 1555 177, 458.468), -497.,, 519., 594, 618 Tarnished plant bug (Lygus lineolaris) 44, 57, 59, 111, 175, 191, 194, 225, 276, 286, 294, 320, 321, 327, 338, 340, 362;;, 365,, 367, 383), 384, 399, 406, 413, 446, 447, 465, 469, 507, 533, 536, 545, 558, 567, 582, 590, 593, 606, 616, 629, 636, 653, 670, 678, 692, 700, 716, «7385759, (930; -939;,1011, 5p 1013, 1014, 1025, 1027 Ten-lined June beetle (Polyphylla decemlineata) 531 Tent caterpillars (Malacosma spp.) 227, 569 Termites 615,834) 13357 140;,).1565) 1985. 227, 223,25 LOO ost 41646 is, 468, 469, 493, 549, 939, 943, 948, 970, 982, 996, 1001 Texas citrus mite (Eutetranychus banksi) 53, 994 i Texas harvester ant (Pogonomyrmex barbatus) 223 Texas leaf-cutting ant (Atta texana) 106, 222, 223, 436 Three-cornered alfalfa hopper (Spissistilus festinus) 44, 84, L5OSFeLS Ms wZLO melee 2345 276, 286, 295, 320, 339, 447, 457, 467, 506, 536, 582, 607, 630, 650, 672, 692, 716, 739, 759, 773, 781, 798, 814, 832, 847, 863, 878, 891, 928, 940, 980, Three-lined potato beetle (Lema trilineata) 149, 611 Thrips 98); 135, 153/156; 1595 176; 192, 197, 198, 222, 286, 295, 311, 344, 345, 363, 367, 368, 371, 383, 388, 390, 407, 411, 413, 455, 457, 480, 486, 493, 508, 512, 516, 535, 541, 543, 567 uDSan 9d, 8607), 261 2), G16, 628, 637, 651, 658, 672, 678, 693), 759), 781, 9337942 133, 137, 394, 416, 459, 467, 519, 726, 770, 948 Tip-dwarf mite (Eriophyes thujae) 226 Tobacco budworm (Heliothis virescens) 93, 97, 178, 242, 243, 373, 389, 411, 456, 467, 468, 485, 513, 542, 589, 614, 656, 742 Tobacco flea beetle (Epitrix hirtipennis) 72, 97, 154, 167, 188, 212, 242, 298, 323, 344, 353, 368, 373, 411, 454, 485, 514, 542, 614, 635, 654, 656, 721, 728, 742, 765, 802 Tobacco hornworm (Protoparce sexta) 154, 195, 353, 456, 469, 728, 743, 1012 Tobacco moth (Ephestia elutella) 119); 135, (956 Tobacco thrips (Frankliniella fusca) 45, 158, 513,°607,;, 675 Tobacco wireworm (Conoderus vespertinus) 97 Tomato fruitworm (Heliothis zea) 60, 77, 85, 95, 114, 158, 203, 225, 242, 259, 297, 352, 366, 387, 411, 454, 483, 511, 539, 562, 612, 633, 654, 696, 762, 817, 834, 850, 880, 929, 946, 986, 1028 Tomato hornworm (Protoparce quinquemaculata) 59, 85, 95, 148, 154, 195, 203, 250, 353, 366, 387, 454, 536, 661, 893, 986 Tomato pinworm (Keiferia lycopersicella) 72, 222, 307, 311, 483, 696, 834 Tomato psyllid (Paratrioza cockerelli) 109, 167, 203, 297 Tomato russet mite (Vasates lycopersici) 7, 59, 166, 175, 307, 674, 945 Toothed flea beetle (Chaetoenema denticulata) 335, 388, 530, 661 Treehoppers 166, 490, 985 Tropical rat mite (Ornithonyssus bacoti) 72, 90, 105, 1023 Tuber flea beetle (Epitrix tuberis) 114, 468, 654, 762, 783 Tulip bulb aphid (Anuraphis tulipae) 167, 394 Tuliptree aphid (Macrosiphum liriodendri) 1015 Tuliptree scale (Toumeyella liriodendri) 8 Turnip aphid (Rhopalosiphum pseudobrassicae) 158, 366, 540, 880, 965 Turnip flea beetle (Phyllotreta nemorum) 597 Turnip maggot (Hylemya floralis) 933, 934 Turpentine beetles 89, 260, 768 Twig pruner (Elaphidion villosum) 638 Two-spotted spider mite (Tetranychus telarius) 7, 9, 58, 80, 81, 85, 100, 113, 117, 144, 151, 154, 197., 202, 203); (212s 12716em2248 225, 226, 227, 242, 244, 247, 248, 250, 264, 266, 267, 295, 305, 307, 308, 309, 310, 329, 343, 352, 353, 371, 389, 398, 399, 411, 461, 467, 468, 469, 485, 490, 493, 507, 509, 516, 535, 565, 584, 609, 613, 618, 631, 642, 654, 659, 673, 675, 679), 718; \7195. 723. 7285, 739% 740, 741, 757, 761, 764, 767, 773, 784, 819, 893, 933, 947, 998, 999, 1000, 1008, 1010, 1027 Two-stripped grasshopper (Melanoplus bivittatus) 112, 116, 1945199524758 2655RS ies oon 379, 403, 441, 501, 529, 536, 553, 577, 601, 625, 637, 667, CEYAR ALS releys (tats) U Ugly-nest caterpillar (Archips cerasivorana) 451, 547, 769 Unicorn caterpillar (Schizura unicornis) 179, 740 Unspotted tentiform leaf miner (Callisto geminatella) 6, 153, 200, 322, 340, 353, 385, 481, 537, 864, 1013 V Variable oak leaf caterpillar (Heterocampa manteo) 155, 437, 724, 1015 Varied carpet beetle (Anthrenus verbasci) 83, 283, 463 Variegated cutworm (Peridroma mMargaritosa) 22, 44, 84, 108, LOS; wLLOFSL734 1742s be 303, 322, 380, 405, 448, 455, 468, 479, 490, 493, 506, 535, 540, 559, 588, 605, 608, 634, 649))5693)) 697. OV Sts a oOmmassi 879); :945, 971',. 9855, 99358997, 1001 Vedalia (Rodolia cardinalis) 13475 1136: Vegetable weevil (Listroderes costirostris obliquus) 45, 72, 95, 97, 105, 126, 154, 167, 188, 212, 235, 243, 259, 260, 279, 280, 295, 308, 323, 343, 366, 388, 389, 411, 454, 456, 469, 485, 565, 965 Velvetbean caterpillar (Anticarsia gemmatalis), 44, 93, 96, 99, 152, 157, 241, 468, 650, 693, 714, 737, 757, 780, 797, 846, 878, 1012 Vetch bruchid (Bruchus brachialis) 220, 223, 363, 380, 407, 448, 479, 508, 583 Vinegar flies 838, 855, 933 Vine moth (Lobesia botrana) TSS SE TS8R e139 Violet leaf midge (Dasyneura affinis) 959 Virginia-creeper leafhopper (Erythroneura ziczac) 78, 789 W Walkingstick (Diapheromera femorata) 119, 197, 679, 853 Walnut aphid (Chromaphis juglandicola) 268, 304, 310, 384, 584, 610, 653 Walnut caterpillar (Datana integerrima) 45, 94, 109, 114, 175, 178, 193, 197, 400, 510, 538, 585, 610, 632, 674, 703, 786, 799, 819, 833, 864, 879, 940, 1015, 1028 Walnut huskfly (Rhagoletis completa) 304, 653, 782, 799, 816, 832, 848, 880, 892, 929, 946, 954, 999, 1007 Walnut scale (Aspidiotus juglans-regiae) 167, 306, 746, 1008 Wasps 469, 934 Waterlily aphid (Rhopalosiphum nymphaeae) 408 Watermelon stem borer (Apomecyna arabica) 137 Webbing clothes moth . 467, 469 Webworms 98, 226, 380, 458, 468, 508, 628, 650, 758, 773, 797, 812, 877, 1015 Western balsam bark beetle (Dryocoetes confusus) 425 Western bean cutworm (Loxagrotis albicosta) 114, 202, 250 Western black flea beetle (Phyllotreta pusilla) 250, 379, 410, 586 Western cherry fruit fly (Rhagoletis cingulata indifferens) 80, 248, 265, 409, 450, 468, 482, 538, 632, 673, 694, 999 Western corn rootworm (Diabrotica virgifera) 112, 202, 689, 756 Western grape leaf skeletonizer (Harrisina brillians) 84, 799, 946 Western harvester ant (Pogonomyrmex occidentalis) 76, 480, 630, 717, 759, 945, 985 Western peach tree borer (Sanninoidea exitiosa graefi) 277, 306, 310, 610, 652, 945 Western pine beetle (Dendroctonus brevicomis) 5, 26, 77, 82, 268, 419, 420, 423, 592, 658, 995 Western potato flea beetle (Epitrix subcrinita) 250, 586, 742 Western spotted cucumber beetle (Diabrotica undecimpunctata) 81, 257, 308, 311, 637, 672, 691, 1000 Western striped cucumber beetle (Acalymma trivittata) 675, 1000 Western tent caterpillar (Malacosoma pluviale) 268, 299, 346, 1000 Western tussock moth (Hemerocampa vetusta) 260 Western yellow-striped armyworm (Prodenia praefica) 303, 310, 630, 944, 947 Wharf borer (Nacerdes melanura) 150 Wheat curl mite (Aceria tulipae) 22, 113, 275, 812, 863, 1001 Wheat head armyworm (Faronta diffusa) 23, 264, 608, 629, 985 Wheat jointworm (Harmolita tritici) 227, 757, 1027 Wheat midge (Sitodiplosis mosellana) 20, 737 Wheat stem maggot (Meromyza americana) 286 = alk} Wheat stem sawfly (Cephus cinctus) 20, 557, 605, 690 rah White apple leafhopper (Typhlocyba pomaria) 584 Whiteflies 135, 136, 157, 159, 176, 198, 222, 282, 308, 311, 387, 454, STS; POS AZO 45, «ol, 09), 786, 818, 819, 851, 941, 968 White grubs 158, 215, 227, 336, 468, 469, 863, 865, 927, 940, 948, 985, 994 White-lined sphinx (Celerio lineata) 76, 86, 370, 371, 393, 462, 493, 564, 655, 769 White-marked tussock moth (Hemerocampa leucostigma) 109, 545, 820, 835, 1015 White peach scale (Pseudaulacaspis pentagona) 954, 964 White-pine aphid (Cinara strobi) 60, 244, 392 White-pine sawfly (Neodiprion Pinetum) 193, 244, 434, 955 White-pine weevil (Pissodes strobi) 58, 60, 150, 155, 196, 244, 346, 393, 421, 427, 459, 468, 618, 639, 724, 745, 803, 871, 894, 1011 Willow sawfly (Nematus ventralis) 568, 1012, 1015 Winter grain mite (Penthaleus major) 15, 174, 185, 200, 209, 221, 233, 262, 276, 285, 293, 318, 939, 979, 993 Winter moth (Operophtera brumata) 972 Winter tick (Dermacentor albipictus) 168, 968 aaa Wireworms DOA T Tey Tel ZO MeL 92 1940 227, 242, 247, 265, 285, 308, 311, 320, 336, 367, 383, 405, 412, 444, 467, 468, 469, 476, 486, 504, 514, 531, 541, 589, 593, 604, 878, 927, 933, 934, 971 Wood borers 156, 223, 467 Woolly apple aphid (Eriosoma lanigerum) 29, 84, 125, 137, 138, 141, 153, 158, 224, 265, 296, 305, 310, 329, 340, 365, 384, 449, 493, 509, 537, 945, 954, 986, 999, 1013 Woolly elm aphid (Eriosoma americanum) 109 Mf Yellow clover aphid (Therioaphis trifolii) 286, 339, 363, 406, 508, 708, 758, 1025 Yellow fever mosquito (Aedes aegypti) 73, 170 Yellow-headed spruce sawfly (Pikonema alaskensis) 119, 1011 Yellow-margined leaf beetle (Microtheca ochroloma) 45, 105, 158 Yellow mealworm (Tenebrio molitor) 25, 78, 146, 159, 168, 213, 261, 854, 1028 Yellow-necked caterpillar (Datana ministra) 193, 306, 354, 658, 695, 703, 724, 740, 768, 786, 855, 1015, 1028 Yellow scale (Aonidiella citrina) 29); 89); (13689 N0386)5963279)/740), 964, 1021 Yellow-striped armyworm (Prodenia ornithogalli) 97, 111, 157, 158, 363, 476, 580, 607, 650, 714, 737, 741, 764, 796, 1014, 1026 Yellow sugarcane aphid (Sipha flava) 171, 339, 381, 480 Yew scale (Pulvinaria floccifera) 134 Z Zimmerman pine moth (Dioryctria zimmermani) 58, 354, 435, 639, 703 Acalymma spp. (cucumber beetles) 388 Acalymma trivittata (western striped cucumber beetle) 675, 1000. Acalymma vittata (striped cucumber beetle) 109, 149, 151, 226, 343, 366, 388, 398, 411, 452, 484, 513, 541, 564, 587, 612, 675, 758, 947, 986, 1014, 1028 Acarus siro (grain mite) 56, 86, 1001 Aceratagallia sp. 814 Aceratagallia sanguinolenta (clover leafhopper) 23, 111, 234, 320, 361, 445, 533, 716, 739, 781, 814, 1013 Aceratagallia uhleri 175 Aceria sp. (a mite) 725 Aceria ajugae = RIA en Aceria litchii 170 Aceria paradianthi 309, 987 Aceria tulipae (wheat curl mite) i 22-e11350275,, 812, 863,; LOOL Acheta assimilis (a field cricket) 308, 748, 791 Acheta domestica (house cricket) 141 Achorutes armatus (a springtail) 31, 368, 832 Acidia heraclei (celery fly) 375, 376, 824 Acleris lipsiana (a tortricid) 538 Acleris variana (black-headed budworm) 25, 250, 268, 419, 420, 430 Acontia dacia (brown cotton leafworm) 413, 457 Acrobasis caryae (pecan nut casebearer) 94, 171, 175, 187, 221, 235, 277, 341, 386, 451, 510, 538, 561, 585, 611, 782 Acrobasis indigenella (leaf crumpler) 296 Acrobasis juglandis (pecan leaf casebearer) 366, 409, 451 Acrobasis vaccinii (cranberry fruitworm) 196 Acrolophus sp. (a burrowing webworm) 85, 193, 244, 717 Acrosternum hilare (green stink bug) 225, 320; 365, 532, 713, 723; 930 Actebia fennica (black army cutworm) 934, 1010 Adelphocoris spp. 117, 362, 671 Adelphocoris lineolatus (alfalfa plant bug) 108, 111, 191, 194, 286, 320, 352, 397, 406, 447, 478, 507, 534, 535, 558, 605, 671, 692, 716, 738, 759, 814, 832, 1013, 1025 Adelphocoris rapidus (rapid plant bug) 111, 158, 286, 352, 397, 406, 447, 478, 507, 934, 558, 567, 671, 692, 700, 759, 814, 832, 834, 847, 891, 953, 1013, 1025 Adelphocoris superbus (superb plant bug) 944 Aedes spp. 46, 78, 109, 393, 458, 491, 519, 594, 618, 640, 660, 700, 126,062, 933 Aedes abseratus 522, 569 Aedes aegypti (yellow fever mosquito) 72m 0 i] A at SCIENTIFIC NAMES Aedes canadensis 150, 325, 393, 491, 569 Aedes cantator (brown salt-marsh mosquito) 150, 325, 458, 522 Aedes cinereus 198 Aedes dorsalis 115, 280, 325, 417, 458, 491, 519, 548 Aedes dupreei 931 Aedes excrucians 393, 458, 569 Aedes fitchii 458, 569 Aedes flavescens 458 Aedes implicatus 416 Aedes nigromaculis S25, DLOsNG1s), .7015 726, 740, 837 Aedes punctor 393 Aedes sollicitans (salt-marsh mosquito) 8, 46, 244, 325, 370, 393, 416, 458, 491, 519, 548, 618, 660, 701, 747, 821, 853, 896, 931, 968, 1015 Aedes spenceri 21, 458 Aedes sticticus (floodwater mosquito) 393, 680 Aedes stimulans 198, 393, 491 Aedes trivittatus 680 Aedes vexans Ser2h;7 115, 1195) 197 274, 458, 491, 548, 569, 618, 640, 660, 701, 726, 747, 931, 1015 Aegeria apiformis (hornet moth) 85 Aelia rostrata (a pentatomid) 136 Aeoloplides turnbulli (a grasshopper) S59 SIO Dos wots MOO Lye iad Aeolothrips fasciatus (a thrips) 486 Agapostemon cockerelli (a mining bee) 269 Ageneotettix deorum 195 LL LOO S667 007, Aglenus brunneus (a colydiid) 168 Agonoderus lecontei (seed-corn beetle) 112, 555, 603 Agonoscena targioni (pistachio psyllid) 135 Agrilus hyperici (a buprestid) 269 Agrilus politus politus (a twig girdler) 260 Agrilus rubicola (rose stem girdler) 698, 946 Agrilus ruficollis (red-necked cane borer) 940, 995 Agriolimax agrestis (a slug) 541 Agroiconota bivittata (a tortoise beetle) 158 Agromyza spp. 308 Agromyza parvicornis (corn blotch leaf miner) 241, 556 Agrotis sp. 337 Agrotis gladiaria (a cutworm) 284, 361 Agrotis orthogonia (pale western cutworm) 23, 107, 113, 165, 200, 201, 202, 293, 318, 337, 361, 506, 971, 985 Agrotis ypsilon (black cutworm) Ae Ling45n 56) 72)07o ee eelOGe 112, 128, 138, 146, 169, 175, 190, 192, 215, 216, 221, 238, 262, 283, 284, 287, 302, 307, 328, 350, 372; 387, 395; 396), 397, 398, 399, 417, 418, 455, 464, 465, 494, 495, 506, 515, 521, 530, 542, 543, 550, 556, 563, 571, 576, 578, 588, 596, 605, 620, 634, 640, 641, 649, 662, 682, 683, 706, 707, 729, 730, 749, 772, 792, 800, 806, 825, 838, 839, 856, 869, 880, 884, 898, 943, 957, 970, 971, 983, 996, 997, 999, 1009, 1013, 1014, 1024, 1026 Ahasverus advena (a grain beetle) 837, 882, 982, 1028 Alabama argillacea (cotton leafworm) 45, 85, 95, 98, 175, 181, 218, 222, 243, 287, 373, 543, 636, 657, 677, 744, 766, 803, 869, 881, 884, 893, 898, 930, 943, 957, 970, 987 Aleurocanthus woglumi (citrus pblackfly) 54, 135, 142, 145, 210, 329, 342, 451, 562, 695, 762, 849, 892, 964 Aleurochiton forbesii (a whitefly) 1012, 1015 Aleurolobus barodensis (sugarcane whitefly) 141 Aleyrodes spiraeoides (a whitefly) 2355) (63,0S0u Allantus cinctus (curled rose sawfly) 972 Alphitobius diaperinus (lesser mealworm) 681, 805, 837 Alphitophagus bifasciatus (a tenebrionid) 394 Alsophila pometaria (fall cankerworm) 7, 10, 60, 197, 415, 437, 488, 517, 955 Altica sp. (a chrysomelid) 250, 324, 631 Altica ambiens (alder flea beetle) 725, 866, 895 Altica chalybea (grape flea beetle) ~ 158, 482, 632 Alurnus humeralis (a chrysomelid) 329 Alypiodes geronimo (a noctuid) 943 Amathes c-nigrum (spotted cutworm) 397 Amblyomma americanum (lone star tick) 177, 594 Amblyomma maculatum (Gulf Coast tick) P79) Amitus hesperidum (a parasite) 329 Amorbia essigana (a tortricid) 12 Amorphoidea arcuata 975 Amorphoidea lata (Philippine cotton boll weevil) 975 Amorphoidea pectoralis 975 Amorphoidea rufa 975 Amphicerus cornutus (a bostrichid) 618 Amphimallon majalis (European Chafer) 53, 583, 714, 760, 847, 890 Amphitornus coloradus (a grasshopper) 1968359 Amphorophora rubi (an aphid) » 635 Anabrus simplex (Mormon cricket) 22),. 76,80), 233, 335, 359), 379, 442, 473, 501, 529, 577, 602, 625, 645, 688, 735, 845, 944, 979, 997, 1001 Anacamptodes fragilaria (a looper) 1007 Anacentrinus deplanatus (a weevil) 175, 627, 671, 784 Anagasta kuhniella (Mediterranean flour moth) 25, 135, 146, 179 Anagrapha falcifera (celery looper) 266, 1014 Anarsia lineatella (peach twig borer) 80, 134, 138, 139, 203, 221, 235, 248, 265, 296, 304, 341, 385, 482, 509, 610, 652, 695, 718, 761, 848, 945, 986, 998 Anasa tristis (squash bug) 10; 77, 114, 149, 175, 352, 587, 655, 817, 947, 986, 1028 Anastrepha fraterculus 329 Anastrepha ludens (Mexican fruit fly) oteml4o, 210) 321513417, 451, 562, 585, 695, 762, 892 1022 Ancylis comptana fragariae strawberry leaf roller) 24, 45, 117, 196, 200, 248, 344, 367, 389, 411, 456, 513, 541, 564, 676, 698, 801, 946, 999, 1027 Anisota rubicunda (green-striped mapleworm) 114, 200, 545, 1015 Anisota senatoria (orange-striped oakworm) 149, 745, 804, 819, 835, 866, 893, 966 Anisota stigma (spiny oakworm) 216, 1015 Anomala oblivia (pine chafer) 58 Anomis sabulifera (jute semi—looper) 141 Anopheles spp. (mosquitoes) 198, 701 Anopheles algeriensis 140 Anopheles freeborni 105, 146, 214, 837, 853 Anopheles multicolor 140 Anopheles guadrimaculatus (common malaria mosquito) 245, 1015 Anopheles tenebrosus 140 Anoplonyx laricivorus (western larch sawfly) 25, 434 Anoplonyx occidens (two-lined larch Sawfly) 25, 420, 434 Anthaxia aenogaster (a flatheaded borer) 895 Anthenacea polyphemus (polyphemus moth) 833 Anthocoris spp. (anthocorid bugs) 282 Anthonomus eugenii (pepper weevil) 7, 308, 588, 655, 697, 763, 784, 865, 881, 994 Anthonomus grandis (boll weevil) 45, 77, 89, 95, 98, 156, 158, 176, 178, 218, 222, 243, 287, 323, 345, 368, 373, 390, 412, 456, 486, 514, 542, 565, 589, 614, 635, 656, 676, 698, 721, 722, 743, 765, 784, 802, 818, 835, 865, 930, 975 Anthonomus signatus (strawberry weevil) 322, 367, 389, 455, 1013 Anthonomus vestitus (a bud weevil) 330 Anthophila pariana (apple and thorn skeletonizer) 80, 265, 268, 609, 674 Anthrenus spp. 83, 269 Anthrenus museorum 982 Anthrenus scrophulariae (carpet beetle) 1024 = 15) = Anthrenus verbasci (varied carpet beetle) 82, 189, 283, 463, 982 Anticarsia gemmatalis (velvetbean caterpillar) 44, 93, 95, 99, 152, 157, 241, 650, 693, 714, 737, 757, 780, 797, 846, 869, 878, 884, 1012 Antonina graminis (Rhodes~grass sca 5 L715 303;, 309); 963 Anuraphis spp. 138, 141 Anuraphis apiifoliae 308 Anuraphis bakeri (clover aphid) 79, 246, 264, 286, 303, 504, 533, 558, 649, 670, 691 Anuraphis helichrysi 235, 945, 986 : Anuraphis maidi-radicis (corn root aphid) 194, 504, 530, 580 Anuraphis menthae-radicis 267 Anuraphis persicae-niger (black peach aphid) 210, 305, 340, 954 Anuraphis roseus (rosy apple aphid) 148, 153, 187, 224, 305, 320, 340, 353, 365, 384, 408, 449, 481, 509, 537, 561, 584, 609, 864, 945, 985, 1013, 1027 Anuraphis tulipae (tulip bulb aphid) 167, 251, 394 ¢ Anuraphis viburnicola (snowball aphid) 250, 346, 415, 547 Anuro llus muticus (short-tailed ericket) 437 Aonidiella aurantii (California red scale) 104, 138, 142, 296, 306, 562, 653, 674, 762, 879, 940, 964, 1007 Aonidiella citrina (yellow scale) 29, 89, 90, 136, 189, 386, 632, 740, 964, 1021 Aonidiella orientalis (oriental yellow scale) 135, 136 Aonidiella taxus (an Asiatic red scale) 30, 170 Apanteles spp. 43, 46, 285, 790 Apanteles congregatus (a parasite) 99 Apanteles militaris 46, 156, 648 Apantesis sp. (an arctiid) 972 Aphelinus lapisligni (a parasite) 269 Aphelinus semiflavus 310 Aphidius testaceipes (a parasite) 237, 854, 988 Aphidoletes thompsoni (a predator) 269, 429 Aphis sp. 141, 142, 381 Aphis abbreviata (buckthorn aphid) 10, 453, 585, 611, 635, 653, 696, 742, 849, 1010 Aphis abietina (spruce aphid) 82, 268, 299 Aphis fabae (bean aphid) 140, 266, 279, 453, 637, 675, 697, ote BED 999 Aphis forbesi (strawberry root aphid) 45 Aphis gossypii (cotton aphid, melon aphid) 45, 77, 95, 114, 132, 141e VSS ano, C75 se 76, 218, 222, 243, 279, 287, 305, 308, 345, 368, 390, 412, 454, 457, 486, 487, 513, 514, 543, 567, 589, 615, 655, 657, 675, 677, 697, 699, 722, 723, 744, 766, 782, 786, 802, 819, 835, 851, 854, 864, 865, 881, 893, 930, 947, 987, 1028 Aphis illinoisensis (grapevine aphid) 158 Aphis medicaginis (cowpea aphid) 85, 125, 140, 337, 361, 390, 412, 457, 699, 987, 993 Aphis nerii 30 Aphis pomi (apple aphid) 24, 60, 80, 138, 144, 153, 158, 187, 195, 224, 234, 248, 265, 296, 305, 320, 340, 352, 365, 384, 408, 509, 537, 561, 584, 609, 631, 652, 673, 694, 945, 964, 998, 1010, 1013, 1027 Aphis spiraecola (spirea aphid) 159, 346, 948 ‘ Aphodius hamatus garmani (a white grub) 77 Aphrophora sp. 488 Aphrophora parallela (pine spittlebug) 58, 60, 461, 488, 517, 545, 617 . Aphrophora saratogensis (Saratoga spittlebug) 57, 58, 197, 436, 488, 591, 679, 702, 866 Aphytis sp. 135, 136 Aphytis chrysomphali (a parasite) 310 Aphytis lepidosaphes 310 Aphytis lingnanensis 310 Apion proclive (a weevil) 671 Apion ulicis (a gorse weevil) 82, 822, 1000 Apis mellifera (honey bee) 23, 82, 177, 189, 198, 245, 261, 269, 301, 349, 416, 463, 492, 548, are 619, 660 Apomecyna arabica (watermelon stem borer) 137 Apterona crenulella (a psychid) ae 607, 739, 948 Archips argyrospila (fruit tree leaf roller) 84, 117, 195, 197, 248, 365, 399, 409, 449, 584, 694, 740, 782, 986 Archips cerasivorana (ugly-nest caterpillar) 451, 547, 769 Archips conflictana (large aspen tortrix) 617, 987 Archips ne dana (a boxelder leaf roller) 947 Archips obsoletana 389 Archips rosaceana (oblique-banded leaf roller) 81, 456, 481, 592, ERY * Archips rosana 81, 258, 409, 999 Argas persicus (fowl tick) 127,° 189 Arge scapularis (a sawfly) 197 Argyria sticticraspis (sugarcane stem borer) 140 Argyrotaenia citrana (orange tortrix) 72, 126, 268, 369, 584, 610, 720, 804, 999 Argyrotaenia velutinana (red-banded leaf roller) 6, 9, 58, 60, 117, 151, 153, 195, 200, 216, 224, 321, 340, 353, 365, 384, 399, 408, 449, 481, 509, 584, 609, 631, 673, 694, 761, 782, 799, 816, 833, 848, 864, 986, 1013, 1027 Argyrotoxa spp. (tortricids) 617 Argyrotoxa albicomana 617 Argyrotoxa semipurpurana 617 Arhyssus sp. (a grass bug) 83 Arhyssus barberi 260 Arilus cristatus (wheel bug) 942 Arion ater (a slug) 299, 541 Aristotelia fragariae (strawberry crown miner) 373 Aroga websteri (sagebrush defoliator) 25 DOS nd a Arrhenodes minutus (oak timberworm) 852 Asemoplus montanus (a grasshopper) 247 Asiphonella dactylonii (an aphid) 83, 85 Aspidiotus ancylus (Putnam scale) 16, 399 Aspidiotus californicus (black pine leaf scale) 250, 268 Aspidiotus camelliae (greedy scale) 260, 277, 746, 820, 995 Aspidiotus comstocki 569 Aspidiotus forbesi (Forbes scale) 258, 385 Aspidiotus hederae (oleander scale) 145, 213, 305, 348 Aspidiotus hedericola (an armored scale) 138 Aspidiotus juglans-regiae (walnut scale) 167, 306, 746, 804, 1008 Aspidiotus lataniae Sa CUS aie S Aspidiotus perniciosus (San Jose scale) 58, 72, 80, 84, 89, 94, ably és vale bys alah alow Bee fre eatk by 258, 277, 296,305, 321, 385, 399, 409, 450, 561, 652, 674, 695, 836, 848, 867, 896, 945, 986 Aspidiotus pseudospinosus 942 Aspidiotus ulmi 399 Asterocampa celtis (a nymphalid) 490, 820 Asterolecanium bambusae 982 Asterolecanium minus (a pit-making scale) 58, 82 Asterolecanium puteanum 547 Asterolecanium variolosum (golden oak scale) 547 Atta texana (Texas leaf-cutting ant) 106, 222, 223, 436 Attagenus spp. 83, 115, 252 Attagenus piceus (black carpet beetle) 8, 82, 150, 189, 226, 269, 570, 748 Aulacophora foveicollis see Raphidopalpa foveicollis Aulocara spp. 979 Aulocara elliotti (a grasshopper) 112, 173, 199, 265, 335, 359, 553, 577,601, 711, 777, 944 Autographa sp. 81, 82 Autographa californica (alfalfa looper) 72, 81, 166, 202, 203, 234, 235, 246, 266, 307, 344, 387, 411, 444, 505, 532, 541, 581, 588, 613, 635, 648, 812, 846, 849, 945, 985 Autographa gamma (silver-Y moth) 497, Autoserica castanea (Asiatic garden beetle) 61, 150, 639, 654, 727 B Barbara spp. 428 Barbara colfaxiana (a Douglas-fir cone moth) 460, 866 Bathyplectes curculionis (a parasite) 202, 203, 394, 462, 520, 549 Batocera sp. (a mango stem borer) 141 Batocera rufomaculata (fig borer) 141 Bembecia marginata (raspberry root borer) 24, 280, 946 =116)— Bemisia spp. (whiteflies) 137 Bemisia tabaci (cotton whitefly) 141 Bibio sp. (a March fly) 301 Bipalium sp. (a greenhouse flatworm) 24 Blapstinus spp. (tenebrionids) 180, 181, 455 Blatta orientalis (oriental cockroach) 86, 327, 492, 520, 942 Blattella germanica (German cockroach) 8, 72, 86, 105, 138, 146, 160, 354, 436, 594, 933) Blissus spp. (chinch bugs) Tina Gekie Gales We Blissus leucopterus (chinch bug) 3 LDPE eOR MOS Ody utes 04s 104. 212, 12539174, 192; 199), 218, 352, 380, 443, 502, 529, 554, 579, 603, 648, 669, 690, 713, 756, 781, 796, 812, 830, 862, 889, 963, 1021, 1026 Blissus leucopterus hirtus (hairy chinch bug) 8, 400 Blissus leucopterus insularis (a chinch bug) 94, 160, 170, 178, 285, 336, 360, 404, 475, 554, 583, 627, 671, 693, 798, 814, 847 Bombus spp. (bumble bees) Ta WR! Boophilus sp. (a cattle tick) 132 Boophilus microplus (southern cattle tick) 170 Bourletiella hortensis (garden Springtail) 368 Bovicola bovis (cattle biting louse) 61, 86, 109, 115, 160, 168, 348 Bovicola equi (horse biting louse) 61 Brachycolus tritici (a wheat aphid) 23 Brachymyrmex heeri obscurior (an ant) 727 Brachyrhinus sp. (a weevil) 266, 311 Brachyrhinus ligustici (alfalfa snout beetle) 397 Brachyrhinus meridionalis 1008 Brachyrhinus ovatus (strawberry Toot weevil) 322, 386, 455, 541, 661, 681, 727, 791, 934, 946 Brachyrhinus rugosostriatus (a Strawberry weevil) 344, 698, 855, 946 Brachyrhinus sulcatus (black vine weevil) 8, 81, 105, 150, 248, 386, 897, 946 Brachytrupes megacephalus (a mole cricket) 140 Brevicoryne brassicae (cabbage aphid) 7, 10, 72, 95, 98, 126, 134, 151, 166, 187, 202, 211, 242, 249, 258, 267, 279, 297, 308, 322, 343, 366, 387, 398, 410, 563, 611, 655, 697, 720, 741, 783, 817, 833, 933, 941, 965, 986, 1000, 1014 Brevipalpus cardinalis (a false spider mite) 324 Brevipalpus lewisi 849 Brevipalpus obovatus (privet mite) 821 Bruchophagus gibbus (clover seed cChalcid) 44, 111, 125, 180, 246, 264, 477, 505, 533, 559, 649, 739, 759, 945, 980 Bruchus brachialis (vetch bruchid) 220, 223, 363, 380, 407, 448, 479, 508, 583 Bruchus pisorum (pea weevil) 203, 266, 452, 484, 512, 540, 855, 947 Bryobia sp. (a mite) 321 Bryobia praetiosa (clover mite) Sy) 25, 0S2s061 5073), 83,0486), 104, 114, 128, 147, 150, 165, 168, 203, 214, 226, 234, 237, 248, 250, 295, 305, 307, 321, 327, 340, 365, 370, 384, 394, 409, 450, 492, 537, 585, 609, 631, 694, 761, 782, 816, 833, 933, 934, 945, 985, 1011, 1015. Bucculatrix ainsliella (oak skeletonizer) 804, 995 Bucculatrix thurberiella (cotton leaf perforator) 181, 309, 487, 615, 636, 744, 766, 785, 819, 851 Cc Cacoecimorpha pronubana (a tortricid) 139 Caenurgina crassiuscula (clover looper) 581 Caerois gerdrudtus (a mirid) 329 Calendra spp. (billbugs) 93, 117, 241, 475, 626 Calendra callosa 443 Calendra maidis (maize billbug) 112, 404 Calendra parvula 250 Calendra phoeniciensis 85, 104 ; Calendra venatus confluens 928, 998 Caliroa cerasi (pear-slug) 24, 77, 203, 248, 265, 304, 561, 585, 652, 673, 694, 718, 740, 945, 985, 1002, 1013 Caliroa lineata (an oak sawfly) 836, 1012, 1015 Callarctia sp. (a lepidopterous larva) 23 Calligrapha spp. (leaf beetles) 109 Calligrapha scalaris 820, 882 Calliptamus sp. (an Italian locust) 131, 134 Callirhytis sp. (a gall wasp) 804 Callirhytis perdens (an oak gall wasp) 789 Callisto spp. (leaf miners) 224 Callisto geminatella (unspotted tentiform leaf miner) 6, 153, 200, 322, 340, 353, 385, 481, 537, 864, 1013 Callitroga sp. (a screw-worm) “726, 747, 821, 882, 988 Callitroga hominivorax (screw-worm) 46, 69 map, 86, 95, 99, 109, 15, 160),) 1725) Ui7s 2012237; 236, 244, 300, 326, 519, 570, 821, 853, 867, 882, 896, 931, 942, 956, 968 Callitroga macellaria (secondary screw-worm) 99, 155, 370 Callosobruchus maculatus (cowpea weevil) 211, 994 Calocalpe undulata (a moth) 197 Calomycterus setarius (a Japanese weevil) 8, 391, 727, 771, 787, 788 Calosoma spp. (carabids) 46, 136, 492 Calosoma semilaeve 86 Cameraria spp. 725, 746, 768 Cameraria cincinnatiella (gregarious oak leaf miner) 149, 702 Cameraria hamadryadella (solitary oak leaf miner) 149, 244, 679, 725 Camnula pellucida (clear-winged grasshopper) 76, 108, 247, 265, 403, 441, 553, 577, 601, 667, 687, 711, 735, 795, 845, 944, 979, 1002 Campoletia argentifrons (a parasite) 743 Camponotus sp. 83 Camponotus herculeanus pennsylvanicus black carpenter ant) 150, 160, 226, 619, 932, 956, 1011 Camponotus lavigatus 252 Campsomeris Plumipes fossulana a scoliid) 99 Capitophorus ribis (currant aphid) 946 Cardiocondyla nuda minutior (an ant) 1009 Carpocapsa pomonella (codling moth) 6; 9, 23, 58, 60,80, 84, 117, V2 lst lsd oS), Log) 141, 148, 151, 153, 195, 200, 203, 216, 224, 234, 248, 265, 304, 340, 352, 365, 384, 399, 408, 449, 481, 509, 537, 584, 609, 631, 652, 673, 694, 718, 740, 761, 782, 799, 816, 833, 848, 864, 945, 972, 985, 990, 998, 1007, 1010, 1013, 1027 Carpophilus spp. (nitidulids) 59, 113, 135, 285, 399, 647, 796, 941, 987, 1028 Carpophilus dimidiatus (corn sap beetle) 647 Carpophilus hemipterus (dried fruit beetle) 135, 139, 221, 864, 940 Carpophilus lugubris (dusky sap beetle) 580, 603, 647, 689, 713, 736, 796, 947, 1013 Carpophilus sayi 241 Carposina niponensis (peach fruit moth) 751 Carulaspis minima (a minute cypress scale) 703 Catarata lepisma (Ecuadorian pink bollworm) 330 Cathartus quadricollis (square-necked grain beetle) 159 Catocala spp. 488, 491, 538 Catocala maestosa (a pecan catocala) 510 Caulocampus acericaulis (maple petiole borer) 516 Caulophilus latenasus (broad-nosed grain weevil) 300 Cavariella aegopodii (a carrot aphid) 267 Cecidophyes psilaspis (a bud mite) 413 Celama sorghiella (sorghum webworm) 44, 94, 157, 178, 193, 221, 285, 373, 580, 604, 648, 689, 713, 736, 777, 811, 830, 846, 861, 877; 927, 939, 953 Celerio lineata (white-lined sphinx) 76, 86, 370, 393, 462, 564, 655, 769 Celerio lineata livornica (a Sphingid) 135 Centrinaspsis sp. (a weevil) 192 Centrinaspis penicellus (a weevil) 779 Cephalcia marginata (a sawfly) 60 Cephus spp. (wheat stem sawflies) 605 Cephus cinctus (wheat stem sawfly) 20, 557, 605, 690 Cephus aeus (European wheat stem sawfly) 605 Ceratitis capitata (Mediterranean fruit fly) 15, 104, 138, 139, 166, 210, 277, 341, 451, 562, 611, 799, 816, 1022 = G7 © Ceratomia catalpae (catalpa sphinx) 60; 159, 176, 354, 695, 703, 769, 853, 1015, 1028 Cerococcus quercus (a scale insect) 518 Ceroplastes sp. 241, 956 Ceroplastes ceriferus (a wax scale) 159, 956 Ceroplastes cirripediformis (barnacle scale) 783 Ceroplastes floridensis (Florida wax scale) 213 Ceroplastes sinensis (Chinese wax scale) 135 Cerotoma trifurcata (bean leaf beetle) 113, 153, 154, 158, 193, 217, 242, 286, 297, 322, 343, 352, 381, 388, 410, 445, 455, 480, 484, 513, 533, 540, 560, 564, 583, 612, 630, 634, 650, 693, 697, 715, 738, 758, COS SOs OLS se So2Q O34 LOLS) 1014, 1027, 1028 Cerura multiscripta (a notodontid) 98 Ceutorhynchus assimilis (cabbage Seedpod weevil) 81 Ceutorhynchus rapae (cabbage curculio) 59, 387, 452 Chaetocnema sp. 404, 830, 847 Chaetocnema confinis (sweetpotato flea beetle) 388, 539 Chaetocnema denticulata (toothed flea beetle) 335, 388 Chaetocnema ectypa (desert corn flea beetle) 180, 379 Chaetocnema pulicaria (corn flea beetle) 6, 57, 192, 223, 284, 3185) 335,379), 388, 398.399; 405, 444, 502, 530, 556, 580, 603, 627, 647, 689, 812, 1013, 1026, 1028 Chaitophorus populicola (an aphid) 820 Chaitophorus utahensis 30 Chalcodermus aeneus (cowpea curculio) 95, 158, 242, 784 Chalepus dorsalis (locust leaf Miner) 60, 354, 373, 546, 638, 679, 745, 1015 Chauliognathus pennsylvanicus (a predator) 790 Chermes sp. 820, 933 Chermes abietis (eastern spruce gall aphid) 8, 299, 346, 488 Chermes cooleyi (Cooley spruce gall ~ aphid) 24, 25, 149, 392, 436, 947 Chermes piceae (balsam woolly aphid) ~ 82, 100, 268, 419, 429, 568, 725, 866, 895, 1011 Chilo plejadellus (rice stalk borer) 447 Chilo zonellus (maize and jawar borer) 140 Chilocorus bipustulatus (a coccinellid) 139 Chionaspis americana (elm scurfy scale) 8, 399, 658, 746 Chionaspis asiatica (a diaspid scale) 134 Chionaspis furfura (scurfy scale) 22, 461, 547, 746 Chionaspis quercus 768 Chionaspis salicis-nigrae 109 Chionodes psiloptera (a gelechiid) 264 Chlorochroa sp. 478 Chlorochroa ligata (conchuela) 532, 634, 657, 678, 700, 713, 723 Chlorochroa sayi (Say stink bug) umesii7o,NS845) 181, 209; 213, 405, 447, 476, 502, 532, 556, 581, 604, 616, 630, 648, 652, 657, 671, 678, 692, 700, 727, 739, 745, 767, 930, 945 Chorioptes bovis (a mite) 395 Choristoneura spp. 432 Choristoneura fumiferana (spruce budworm) 9, 10, 16, 24, 25, 82, 118, 216, 251, 392, 419, 420, 428, 429, 516, 546, 617, 638, 658, 679, 724, 745, 819, 894, 987, 1011 Choristoneura pinus (jack-pine budworm) 118, 196, 421, 430, 517, 568, 617,°702 Chorizagrotis auxiliaris (army cutworm) 15, 20, 22, 23, 53, 84, 107, 165, 174, 185, 200, 202, 203, 221, 234, 276, 295, 318, 337, 360, 364, 381, 502, 557, 944, 985 Chortophaga sp. 473 Chortophaga viridifasciata (a grasshopper) 359 Chromaphis juglandicola (walnut aphid) 268, 304, 384, 584, 610, 653, 816 Chrotogonus spp. (grasshoppers) 141 Chrysobothris sp. 895 Chrysobothris femorata (flatheaded apple tree borer) 114, 175 Chrysobothris mali (Pacific flatheaded borer) 306, 384 Chrysolina sp. 82, 570, 1000 Chrysolina gemellata (a klamathweed beetle) 301, 310, 370, 394, 548, 595, 838 Chrysolina hyperici 268, 310 Chrysolina quadrigemina 268 Chrysomela spp. 109 Chrysomela scripta (cottonwood leaf beetle) 24, 547, 702 Chrysomphalus aonidum (Florida red scale) 138, 171 Chrysomphalus dictyospermi (dictyospermum scale) 134, 136, 139 Chrysomphalus obscurus (obscure f scale) 277, 461, 964 Chrysomyza demandata (an otitid) 177 Chrysopa spp. 46, 177, 220, 237, 394, 492, 520, 549, 570, 595, 821 Chrysopa oculata (golden-eye lacewing) 349 Chrysophana glacida (a flatheaded borer) 895 Chrysops spp. (deer flies) 61, 458, 519, 726 Cimbex americana (elm sawfly) 345, 516, 568, 659 ; Cimex lectularius (bed bug) 25, 31, Tan PEG Cinara spp. 119, 325, 390, 517 Cinara curvipes 390 Cinara piceicola 309 Cinara strobi (white-pine aphid) 60, 392, 931 Cinara tanneri 30 Cinara tujafilina 127, 145, 176, 280, 987 Cinara watsoni 58 Cinara winonkae 85 Cingilia catenaria (chain spotted geometer) 151 Circulifer opacipennis 136 Circulifer tenellus (beet leafhopper) 3, 54, 77, 81, 145, 166, 187, 222, 249, 266, 270, 278, 279, 297, 308, 342, 367, 386, 411, 484, 510, 540, 563, 588, 613, 633, 653, 674, 696, 719, 763, 800, 834, 880, 946, 986, 1000, 1002, 1027 Cladius isomerus (bristly rose-slug) 393 Clepsis peritana (a leaf roller) 89 Clinopleura spp. (grasshoppers) 441 Cnephasia longana (omnivorous leaf tier) 79, 322, 476, 972, 997 Cnephasia virgaureana (a tortricid) 972 Cnidocampa flavescens (oriental moth) 804 Coccinella novemnotata (a lady beetle) 110 Coccus hesperidum (soft scale) 144, 145, 281, 306, 968 Colaspis sp. (grape colaspis) 44, 94, 233, 530, 556, 579, 637, 657, 691, 715, 738, 758, 1026, 1027 Colaspis pini (pine colaspis) 46, 488 Coleomegilla maculata fuscilabris (a lady beetle) 215, 394, 982 Coleophora laricella (larch casebearer) 251, 432, 461, 517, 658, 893 Coleophora occidentis (cigar casebearer) 510 Colias,philodice eurytheme (alfalfa caterpillar) 76, 108, 110, 157, 180, 202, 246, 295, 336, 381, 405, 477, 504, 558, 670, 714, 137 3, G50, 1t9;190),, 812, 831, 846, 862, 878, 889, 944, 984, 1013 Colladonus geminatus (a leafhopper) 945 Collembola (springtails) 934 Collops spp. (predators) 492, 549, 570, 595, 619, 661, 681, 805 Collops balteata 45 Collops vitattus 23 Colopha ulmicola (elm cockscomb gall) 109 Comperiella bifasciata (a parasite) 310 Conocephalus brevipennis (a grasshopper) 845 Conocephalus fasciatus (grasshopper) 687 Conoderus amplicollis (Gulf wireworm) 171 Conoderus falli (southern potato wireworm) Bhi ais storey ty labs 614, 955 Conoderus lividus 243 Conoderus vespertinus (tobacco wireworm) 97, 243 Conophthorus spp. 119, 428, 746 Conophthorus lamberitanae (sugar- pine cone beetle) 428 Conophthorus resinosae (red-pine cone beetle) 702 Conotelus mexicanus (a beetle) 85, 786 Conotrachelus aratus (a curculionid) 451 Conotrachelus nenuphar (plum curculio) 75,94) LL7,, 148), 151); 153, 195, 200, 216, 218, 221, 224, 225, 295, 321, 341, 352, 366, 385, 399, 408, 450, 481, 509, 537, 561, 584, 610, 632, 652, 673, 695, 833, 1013, 1027 - 18 - Contarinia sorghicola (sorghum midge) 44, 285, 757, 779, 812, 830, 862, 877, 889, 953, 963, 979 Coptotermes formosanus (Formosan subterranean termite) 128, 214, Corthylus sp. (a scolytid) 329 Corythucha arcuata (oak lace bug) 638, 679 Corythucha bellula 8 Corythucha celtidis (hackberry lace bug) 8, 299, 679 Corythucha ciliata (sycamore lace bug) 768, 789 Corythucha cydoniae 746, 789, 867 Corythucha nicholi 1023 Cosmopolites sordidus (banana root borer) 329 Cotinis nitida (green June beetle) 97, 99, 154, 155, 175, 226, 244, 323, 373, 445, 680, 891, 954, 963 Cotinis texana (a scarabaeid) 306, 761 Crambus spp. 8, 150, 380, 583, 832 Crambus caliginosellus (corn root webworm) 152, 475 Crambus mutabilis 847 Crambus teterrellus (bluegrass webworm) 171, 650 Crambus topiarius (cranberry girdler) 81, 264, 759 Cremona cotoneastri (a cotoneaster webworm) 490 Crioceris spp. 166, 367, 387, 411, 455, 484, 512, 541, 588, 613, 720 Crioceris asparagi (asparagus beetle) 7, 81, 149, 158, 166, 196, 249, 267, 367, 387, 411, 455, 484, 512, 541, 564, 588, 613, 635, 720, 742, 801, 818, 834, 947, 1014, 1027 Crioceris duodecimpunctata (spotted asparagus beetle) 7, 81, 149, 166, 267, 387, 411, 455, 484, 512, 541, 613, 720; 818), 947, 1014, 1028 Croesus latitarsus (dusky birch Sawfly) 462 Crymodes devastator (glassy cutworm) 264 Cryptaphyllaspis liquidambaris (a scale insect) 1015 Cryptaspidiotus shastae (a cedar scale) 176, 201, 461 Crypthemichionaspis ulmi (a scale) insect) 942 Cryptococcus fagi (beech scale) 931 Cryptolaemus montrouzieri (a predator) 310 Cryptotermes brevis (a termite) 128 Ctenicera spp. (wireworms) 933 Ctenicera glauca 454 Ctenicera pruinina noxia (Great Basin wireworm) 336 Ctenocephalides spp. (fleas) 770 Ctenocephalides canis (dog flea) 61, 95, 160, 354, 770 Ctenocephalides felis (cat flea) 95, 160, 226, 354, 594, 680, 701, 770, 790, 837, 896 Cuclotogaster heterographus (chicken head louse) 31 Culex spp. (mosquitoes) 21, 46, 78, 109, 519, 522, 821 Culex pipiens (northern house mosquito) 8, 150, 325, 458, 491, 519, 594 Culex quinquefasciatus (southern house mosquito) 618, 821 Culex restuans 325, 458, 491, 594 Culex salinarius 491, 1015 Culex stigmatosoma 618 Culex tarsalis 115, 214, 348, 371, 393, 491, 519, 548, 569, 618, 660, 701, 726, 747, 837 Culex territans 458, 594, 618 Culicoides spp. (sand flies) 325, 821, 1011 Culiseta spp. (mosquitoes) 21, 933 Culiseta inornata 236, 325, 348, 371, 393, 416, 519, 548, 618, 701, 726, 747 Culiseta melanura 594 Culiseta morsitans 594 Curculio auriger (small chestnut weevil) 864, 940 Curculio caryae (pecan weevil) 94, 175, 277, 782 Curculio elephas (chestnut weevil) 1003 Cyclocephala sp. 994 Cyclocephala borealis (northern masked chafer) 114, 226, 382, 815 Cyclocephala pasadenae (a chafer) 832 Cyclas formicarius elegantulus (sweetpotato weevil) 54, 178, 211, 455, 818, 965 Cylindrocopturus spp. (weevils) 427 Cylindrocopturus eatoni 428, 895, 1008 Cyrtepistomus castaneus (Asiatic oak weevil) 60, 347, 658, 791, 805, 822, 836, 852, 1015 Cyrtomenus mirabilis (a burrowing bug) 954 D Dacus spp. 141 Dacus oleae (olive fruit fly) 137, 139 Dacus zonatus (peach fruit fly) 142 Daihinia brevipes (camel cricket) 554 Danaus plexippus (monarch butterfly) 855 Dasyneura affinis (violet leaf midge) 959 Dasyneura gleditschiae (a gall midge) 251, 769, 1012 Dasyneura ri (a pear leaf-rolling midge) 82 Dasyneura vaccinii (a tipworm) 196 Datana spp. 451, 510, 538, 562, 968 Datana integerrima (walnut caterpillar) 45, 94, 109, 114, 175, 178, 193, 197, 400, 585, 610, 632, 674 703, 786, 799, 819, 833, 864, 879, 940, 1015, 1028 Datana major (an azalea caterpillar) 769, 836, 1015 Datana ministra (yellow-necked caterpillar) 193, 306, 354, 658, 695, 703, 724, 740, 768, 786, 1015, 1028 Deloyala ttata (mottled tortoise beetle) 158, 655 Deloyala vittata (a tortoise beetle) 655 Dendroctonus spp. (turpentine beetles) 55, 213, 222, 299, 392, 427, 819, 820, 894, 987 Dendroctonus approximatus (See: Dendroctonus parallelocollis) 424 Dendroctonus barberi (southwestern pine beetle) 424, 425 Dendroctonus borealis (Alaska spruce beetle) 421, 425 Dendroctonus brevicomis (western pine beetle) 5, 26, 77, 82, 268, 419, 420, 423, 592, 658, 819, 995 Dendroctonus convexifrons roundheaded pine beetle) 425 Dendroctonus engelmanni (Engelmann spruce beetle) 26, 120, 268, 419, 420, 424, 894 Dendroctonus frontalis (southern Pine beetle) 45, 55, 145, 154, 222, 244, 421, 426, 517, 546, 591, 617, ‘638, 658, 768, 803, 851, 866, 882, 955, 966, 995 Dendroctonus jeffreyi (Jeffrey pine beetle) 77, 420, 424 Dendroctonus monticolae (mountain pine beetle) 26, 77, 120, 251, 420, 422, 488, 819, 894 Dendroctonus murrayanae (lodgepole- pine beetle) 894 Dendroctonus obesus (Sitka-spruce beetle) 421, 425, 881 Dendroctonus parallelocollis larger Mexican pine beetle) 424, 425 Dendroctonus ponderosae (Black Hills beetle) 203, 420, 424, 459 Dendroctonus pseudotsugae (Douglas- fir beetle) 26, 203, 215, 250, 268, 420, 423, 592, 658, 820, 894, 987 i Dendroctonus terebrans (black turpentine beetle) 95, 127, 154, 159, 176, 179, 220, 369, 421, 425, 517, 568, 638, 702, 851, 866, 966 Dendroctonus valens (red turpentine beetle) 77, 100, 420, 819, 931, 1023 Dermacentor albipictus (winter tick) 168, 394, 968 Dermacentor andersoni (Rocky Mountain wood tick) 570, 948 Dermacentor hunteri 280 Dermacentor variabilis (American dog tick) PAT oa EES ellis tte 150, 198, 244, 325, 354, 370, 394, 416, 459, 491, 519, 548, 570, 594, 660, 680, 1015 Dermanyssus spp. 933 Dermanyssus gallinae (chicken mite) 236 Dermatobia hominis (human bot) 330 Dermestes spp. 269 Dermestes caninus 86 Dermestes lardarius (larder beetle) 156, 727 Dermestes maculatus (hide beetle) 86, 159, 956 Deroceras reticukatum (gray garden slug) 265 Derocrepis erythropus (red-legged flea beetle) 365 Desmia funeralis (grape leaf folder) 306, 740, 782, 816, 891, 928 Diabrotica spp. 108, 200, 279, 295, 308, 339, 366, 388, 410, 452, 647, 675, 689, 712, 756, 796, 834, 1026 Diabrotica balteata (banded cucumber beetle) 44, 96, 129, 813, 880 Diabrotica longicornis (northern corn rootworm) 112, 192, 194, 285, 351, 647, 669, 689, 712, 736, 830 Diabrotica undecimpunctata western spotted cucumber beetle) 81, 257, 308, 671, 672, 691, 1000 Diabrotica undecimpunctata howardi spotted cucumber beetle) 57, 59, 94, 105, 109, 112, 149, 153, 157,.185, 222, 277, 279, 320, 343, 352, 359, 366, 398, 444, 484, 504, 531, 612, 647, 689, 690, 712, 720, 738, 756, G69); 967, (SOLS S13 68325. 834; 847, 863, 864, 878, 879, 928, 940, 941, 947, 953, 1013, 1028 - 19 - Diabrotica undecimpunctata tenella 655, 986 Diabrotica virgifera (western corn rootworm) 112, 202, 689, 712, 756 ; Diachlonus ferrugatus (a tabanid) 519 5 Diachus auratus (a flea beetle) 997 Diacrisia obligqua (jute hairy caterpillar) 141 Dialeurodes sp. 132 Dialeurodes citri (citrus whitefly) — 29, 54, 104, 142, 210, 632 Diaphania spp. 720 Diaphania hyalinata (melonworm) 29, 172, 720 Diaphania indica (pumpkin caterpillar) 841 Diaphania nitidalis (pickleworm) 98, 154, 158, 172, 218, 720, 964 Diapheromera femorata (walking- stick) 119, 197, 679 Diaphorina citri (citrus psylla) 142 Diarsia rosaria (a cutworm) 235, 410, 835 Diaspis carueli (jumper scale) 226, 324, 703, 804, 948 Diatraea crambidoides (southern cornstalk borer) 157, 178, 215, 241, 555, 580, 627, 648, 830, 862, 877 Diatraea saccharalis (sugarcane borer) 44, 318, 336, 380, 405, 448, 476, 504, 531, 560, 581, 604, 627, 689, 798, 878 Dichelonyx backi (green rose chafer) 546 Dichomeris marginella (juniper webworm) 747 Dicladispa armigera (rice hispa) 169, 857 Dikraneura carneola (a leafhopper) 257, 476, 504 Dikrella gossypii 330 Dinarmus dacicida (a parasite) 139 Dioryctria spp. 25, 428, 852 Dioryctria zimmermani (Zimmerman pine moth) 58, 354, 435, 639, 703 Diparopsis castanea (red bollworm) 899 Diparopsis gossypioides 899 Diparopsis tephragamma 899 Diparopsis watersi 899, 900 Diplolepis sp. (a gall insect) 24 Diplotaxis popino (a chafer) 610 Diprion spp. 433, 434 Diprion hercyniae (European spruce sawfly ar Diprion similis (introduced pine Sawfly) 118, 415, 433, 591, 820, 895 Disonycha sp. 613 Disonycha xanthomelas (spinach flea beetle) 696 Dissosteira carolina (Carolina grasshopper) 637, 687, 735, 795 Dissosteira longipennis ( High Plains grasshopper) 637, 711 Dissosteira spurcata V7 Ditylenchus destructor (potato rot nematode) 195, 850, 865 Deciostaurus spp. 134 Dociostaurus moroccanus (Moroccan locust) 131, 134 Doru aculeatum aculeatum (an earwig) f 31 Draeculacephala antica (a leafhopper) 150 Draeculacephala minerva 1007 Drepanaphis acerifoliae (painted maple aphid) 8 Drepanopterna femoratum (a grasshopper) . (Ale Drepanosiphum platanoides (an aphid) 30 Drosicha stebbingi (mango mealybug) 141 Drosophila spp. 225, 933, 1014 Drosophila melanogaster (a vinegar fly) 226, 309, 940, 946 Dryocoetes spp. 420 Dryocoetes confusus~-(western balsam bark beetle) 425 Dryophanta sp. (a gall wasp) 345 Dysdercus andraea (a cotton stainer) 1009 Dysdercus collaris 330 E Earias spp. 141 Earias insulana (spiny bollworm) 13259133), 5135, 137 Ecdytolopha insiticiana (locust twig borer) 30, 299 t Edwardsiana rosae (rose leafhopper) ~~ 389, 948, 968 Elaphidion villosum (twig pruner) 217, 638 Elasmopalpus lignosellus (lesser cornstalk borer) 44, 94, 95, 96, 152, 157, 175, 178, 180, 269, 307, 309, 603, 647, 672, 739, 759, 781, 818, 879 Elasmostethus interstinctus (a stink bug) 934 Eleodes spp. 107, 174, 200, 275, 318 Eleodes opaca (plains false wireworm) 113 Empoasca spp. (leafhoppers) 141, 175, 344, 445, 559, 590, 692 Empoasca abrupta 367, 864 Empoasca bipunctata 987 Empoasca devastans (potato jassid) 141 Empoasca fabae (potato leafhopper) 6, 20, 57, 60, 108, 111, 113, 116, 151, 154, 171, 192, 194, 223, 225, 257, 286, 338, 351, 362, 383, 397, 406, 445, 478, 483, 508, 512, 535, 539, 559, 563, 582, 586, 606, 630, 633, 650, 653, 654, 671, 692, 716, 739, 759, 763, 781, 783, 798, 801, 807, 814, 832, 940, 954, 965, 1013, 1014, 1025, 1028 Empoasca filamenta 249, 267, 654, 720, 763, 933, 934, 947 Empoasca stevensi 329 Endria inimica (painted leafhopper) 111 Endrosis lacteella (a grain moth) 309 Endrosis sarcitrella 519 Ennomos subsignarius (elm spanworm) 95, 437, 569, 866 Eotetranychus carpini (a spider mite) 80, 399, 694, 998 Eotetranychus clitus ? Eotetranychus hicoriae 782 Eotetranychus lewisi 956 Eotetranychus sexmaculatus (six-— spotted mite) 145 Eotetranychus weldoni 948 Eotetranychus willamettei 305, 386, 609, 945 Eotetranychus yumensis 180 Ephestia cautella (almond moth) T35; 036! Ephestia elutella (tobacco moth) 119, 136, 956 Ephestiodes gilvescentella (a phycitid moth) 541, 835 Epicaerus imbricatus (imbricated snout beetle) 409 Epicauta spp. 96, 111, 116, 149, 158, 286, 445° 505, 511, 533, 559; 605; 629, 634, 670, 690, 738, 756, 762, 1013, sei Epicauta cinerea (clematis blister beetle) 445 Epicauta corvina 715 Epicauta fabricii (ash-gray blister beetle) 477, 559, 581, 629, 670 Epicauta murina i 618 Epicauta pennsylvanica (black blister beetle) 149, 670, 738, TENE Epicauta pestifera (margined blister beetle 1495 158), 1715, 719 Epidiaspis sp. 144 Epidiaspis piricola (Italian pear scale) 234, 561 Epilachna spp. 141, 885 Epilachna chrysomelina (melon beetle) 134, 137, 140 Epilachna paenulata (a leaf-feeding coccinellid) 885 Epilachna varivestis (Mexican bean beetle) 7, 10, 60, 85, 94, 95, 96, 98, 113, 148, 151, 153, 157, 158, 178, 196, 202, 216, 225, 241, 242, 297, 322, 343, 367, 388, 398, 410, 446, 452, 480, 484, 508, 513, 534, 540, 564, 583, 587, 607, 612, 634, 650, 654, 675, 697, 715, 719, 738, 742, 763, 780, 784, 797, 801, 818, 834, 850, 880, 947, 986, 1002, 1010, 1014, 1028 Epinotia hopkinsana cupressi 235 Epinotia meritana (fir needle miner) 420, 426, 432 Epinotia nanana 324 Epitrimerus pyri (pear rust mite) 265, 305 Epitrix spp. (flea beetles) 329, 404 Epitrix cucumeris (potato flea beetle) 10, 20, 59, 60, 109, 149. 1540 8195202255 398), 41:05 454, 483, 511, 539, 562, 586, 633, 654, 696, 719, 742, 762, 817, 1011, 1014 Epitrix fuscula (eggplant flea beetle) 410, 511 Epitrix hirtipennis (tobbaco flea beetle) 72, 97, 154, 167, 188, 212, 242, 298, 323, 344, 353, 368, 373, 410, 411, 454, 485, 514, 542, 614, 635, 654, 656, 721, 742, 765, 802, 817 Epitrix subcrinita (western potato flea beetle) 250, 563, 586, 742 Epitrix tuberis (tuber flea beetle) 114, 654, 762, 783 Epochra canadensis (currant fruit fly) 24, 248, 341, 946, 999 - 20 - Ereunetis minuscula (a tineid) 994 Eriococcus azaleae (azalea bark scale) 60, 179, 189 Eriopeltis festucae (a cottony- grass scale) 217 Eriophyes sp. 24 Eriophyes erineus 538 Eriophyes insidiosus 321 Eriophyes pyri (pear leaf blister mite) 24, 77, 80, 144, 187, 210, 216, 248, 305, 366, 385, 409, 450, 481, 538, 561, 610, 761, 820, 892, 945, 972, 998 Eriophyes thujae (tip-dwarf mite) 226 Eriophyes vitis (grape erineum mite) 305, 386, 631, 1007 Eriosoma americanum (woolly elm aphid) 109, 966 Eriosoma crataegi 85 Eriosoma languinosum 305 Eriosoma lanigerum (woolly apple aphid) 29, 84, 125, 137, 138, 141, 153, 158, 180, 224, 265, 296, 305, 329, 340, 365, 384, 449, 509, 895, 937, 945,-954, 986, 999, 1013 Eritettix spp. (grasshoppers) 403 Erythroneura spp. (leafhoppers) 84, 310, 718, 948, 986 Erythroneura basilaris 176 Erythroneura dumosa 176 Erythroneura elegans 948 Erythroneura elegantula 266, 306 Erythroneura lawsoniana 353 Erythroneura ziczac (Virginia- creeper leafhopper) 78, 789, 948 Esselena vanduzeei (a grasshopper) 15 Essigella californica (an aphid) 1023 Estigmene acrea (salt-marsh caterpillar) 307, 487, 515, 531, 540, 555, 616, 652, 697, 744, 764, 766, 780, 785, 835, 881, 892, 930, 1013, 1014 Etiella zinckenella (lima-bean pod borer) 784, 880 Eublemma olivacea (brinjal leaf roller) 141 Euceraphis sp. (an aphid) 933 Euceraphis betulae 934 Eucosma sp. (an olethreutid) 400 Eucosma sonomana LES Loy, Euetheola rugiceps (sugarcane beetle) 44, 94, 218, 349, 350, 359, 372, 373, 395, 396, 405, 417, 418, 448, 476, 556, 580, Eulype hastata (a spear-marked black moth) 933 Eumerus strigatus 1012 Eumerus tuberculatus (lesser bulb fly) 211, 249, 267 Eupeimus allyni (a parasite) 690 Eupelmus urozonus 39 Euphoria sp. 175 Euphoria inda (bumble flower beetle) 23 Euphyllura arbuti 309 Euphyllura olivina (olive psylla) 139 Euproctis signata (hairy caterpillar) 141 Eurygaster integriceps (senn pest) T31, 134, 136, 137 Euryophthalmus convivus (a stink bug) 930 Eurytetranychus buxi (a spider mite) 236, 244 Eurytoma sp. 139 Eurytoma plotnikovi (a pistachio nut borer) 135 Euschistus spp. (stink bugs) 172 Euschistus bifibulus 45 Euschistus conspersus 104, 590, 737 Euschistus ictericus 690 Euschistus impictiventris 180 Euschistus servus (brown stink bug) 95, 97, 225, 320, 370, 486, 669 Euschistus tristigmus (dusky stink bug) 225, 365, 450 Euschistus variolarius (one-spot stink bug) 225, 249, 340, 450 Eutinobothrus gossypii (a weevil) 330 Eutrombicula alfreddugesi (chigger) T15, 155 Euxoa spp. (cutworms) 267, 410 Euxoa detersa 113 Euxoa ochrogaster (red-backed cutworm) 247, 410, 934, 971 Euzophera ostricolorella (a root collar borer) 155 Euzophera semifuneralis (American plum borer) 306, 740 Evergestis pallidata (purple-backed cabbageworm) 60 Evergestis rimosalis (cross-striped cabbageworm) 45, 655, 929, 955 Exoteleia pinifoliella (pine needle miner) 45, 149 F Fannia canicularis (little house fly) 416 Faronta diffusa (wheat head ~armyworm) 23, 264, 629, 985 Fascista cercerisella (a leaf roller) 768 Feltia spp. 387, 443, 511, 670 Feltia subgothica (dingy cutworm) 284, 286, 287, 361 Feltia subterranea (granulate cutworm) 17, 56, 73, 106, 128, 146, 169, 190, 215, 238, 262, 283, 302, 303, 328, 350, 372, 395, 396, 417, 418, 850, 928 940, 983, 996, 1009, 1024 Fenusa dohrnii (European alder leaf miner) 82 Fenusa pusilla (birch leaf miner) 8, 10, 58, 82, 149, 217, 369, 392, 415, 462, 517, 546, 638, 702, 768, 1011, 1015 Fenusa ulmi (elm leaf miner) 197 Fidia viticida (grape rootworm) 632 Fiorinia externa 7, 400 Fiorinia theae (a tea scale) 179, 324, 931, 968, 1023 Forda spp. (pistachio aphids) 135 Forficula auricularia (European earwig) 9, 10, 22, 24, 217, 250, 308, 348, 385, 463, 492, 570, 595, 619, 661, 680, 713, 720, 748, 770, 791, 805, 816, 821, 836, 867, 948, 969, 1001, 1002, 1011 Frankliniella spp. (thrips) 77, 85, 95, 222, 447, 583, 607 Frankliniella fusca (tobacco thrips) 45, 158, 241, 516, 583, 607, 675 Frankliniella minuta 985 Frankliniella occidentalis 125, 181, 367, 508, 587, 593, 985 Frankliniella tuberosi 329 Frankliniella vaccinii 9, 1010 Fuscuropoda agitans (an earthworm mite) 32, 245, 932 Galerucella n haeae (waterlily leaf beetle) 849 Galerucella xanthomelaena (elm leaf beetle) G7lOReTiemS2, .L55. 159, 216, 220, 226, 244, 250, 268, 309, 345, 354, 373, 393, 399, 415, 462, 491, 518, 547, 568, 592, 618, 639, 658, 679, 703, 725, 746, 769, 789, 804, 820, 836, 838, 853, 867, 948, 1000, 1011, 1024 Galleria mellonella (greater wax moth) 868 Garganus gracilentus (a mirid) 329 Gasterophilus spp. 55, 931, 942 Gasterophilus intestinalis (horse bot fly) 896 Geococcus coffeae (a mealybug) 931 Geocoris spp. (big-eyed bugs) 46, 349, 394, 463, 520, 549, 570, 595, 681, 747, 748 Geocoris pallens 570 Geocoris punctipes 46, 220, Se 349 Geshna cannalis (lesser canna leaf roller) 955 Gibbium psylloides 106 Glischrochilus spp. 399, 764 Glischrochilus quadrisignatus (a corn sap Heatley 352 Glycyphagus destructor (a granary Fite) 1001 Gnathocerus maxillosus (broad-horned flour beetle) 770 Gnorimoschema ocellatella (a sugar- beet crown borer) 134 Gnorimoschema operculella (potato tuberworm) 77, 97, 140, 154, 156, 170, 245, 307, 453, 611, 783, 947 Gossyparia spuria (European elm scale) 8, 22, 77, 114, 196, 201, 203, 345, 399, 490, 518, 591, 658, 703, 746, 748, 789, 1002 Gracilaria azaleella (azalea leaf miner) 127, 393 Gracilaria ne della (boxelder leaf roller) 987 Gracilaria syringella (lilac leaf miner) 24, 267 Graminella nigrifrons (a leafhopper) 293 Graphognathus spp. (white-fringed beetles) 243, 487, 560, 619, 640, 704, 815, 848, 965, 1022 =O tres Graphognathus peregrinus 43, 178 Grapholitha conversana (a clover bud caterpillar) 246, 477, 505 Grapholitha glycinivorella (soybean = pod Bosc 11 Grapholitha interstinctana (clover head caterpillar) 504, 533, 757, 1013 Grapholitha molesta (oriental fruit moth) 7, 80, 94, 148, 153,158, 178, 218, 225, 265, 304, 352, 353, 384, 408, 450, 509, 538, 584, 610, 652, 673, 695, 718, 761, 782, 833, 928, 998, 1027 Grapholitha packardi (cherry fruitworm) 195, 509, 610, 695, 945 Grapholitha prunivora (lesser appleworm) 304, 632 Gryllotalpa llotalpa (a mole cricket) 138 Gypsonoma haimbachiana (a twig borer) 488 Haematopinus spp. 115 Haematopinus asini (horse sucking Iouse) 261 Haematopinus eurysternus (short- nosed cattle louse) 86, 109, 282 Haematopinus quadripertusus (cattle tail louse) 179 Haematopinus suis (hog louse) 61, 251 Haemolaelaps glasgowi (a mite) 790 Halisidota argentata (an arctiid) 702 Halisidota harrisii (sycamore tussock moth) 354 Halisidota tessellaris (pale tussock moth) 679, 789 Halotydeus destructor (red-legged earth mite) 313 Halticus bracteatus (garden fleahopper) 59, 191, 675, 832, 1025 Hamamelistes spinosus (an aphid) 517 Haploa sp. (an arctiid) 179 Haplotinea ditella (a grain moth) 246, 251 Haptoncus luteolus (a nitidulid) 940 Harmolita tritici (wheat jointworm) 757, 1027 Harpalus pennsylvanicus (a ground beetle) 613 Harrisina americana (grapeleaf skeltonizer) 241 Harrisina brillians (western grapeleaf skeletonizer) 84, 180, 799, 946 Hartigia cressonii (a sawfly) 306 Heliopeltis theivora (a mirid) 142 Heliothis spp. CURE ESS akyfe albeIS aby 156, 159, 176, 180, 181, 218, 220, 287, 344, 368, 443, 456, 457, 486, 502, 513, 515, 542, 554, 565, 566, 589, 614, 636, 656, 676, 698, ‘721, 722, 742, 743, 765, 785, 802, 818, 893, 930 Heliothis armigera (a cotton bollworm) 135 Heliothis ononis (flax bollworm) 972 Heliothis phloxiphaga 80, 264, 267, 475, 764, 850 Heliothis virescens (tobacco budworm) 97, 178, 242, 243, 328, 373, 389, 395, 396, 411, 417, 418, 456, 457, 464, 465, 485, 494, 495, 513, 515, 521, 542, 550, 566, 571, 572, 589, 596, 614, 620, 640, 641, 656, 662, 682, 683, 706, 707, 729, 730, 742, 749, 772, 792, 806, 825, 839, 856 Heliothis zea (bollworm, corn earworm, tomato fruitworm) 7, 22, 24, 43, 45, 56, 57, 59, 60, 76, 77, 84, 85, 94, 95, 96, 97, 98, 106, 112, 114, 128, 144, 146, 148, 151, 152, 157, 158, 171, 174, 175, 178, 192, 194, 199, 202, 215, 216, 221, 222, 223, 224, 225, 238, 241, 242, 247, 259, 262, 265, 267, 283, 285, 297, 302, 307, 308, 328, 350, 351, 352, 366, 372, 379), 381). 387,, 395, 1396; 398), 404, 411, 412, 416, 417, 418, 442, 454, 457, 464, 465,,474 483,,494, 495, 502, 511, 515, 521, 530, 539, 550, 554, 562, 571, 572, 579, 588, 589, 596, 603, 612, 615, 620, 626, 633, 636, 640, 641, 646, 654, 657, 662, 668, 682, 683, 688, 696, (OG) Ota 2iinbeo SO nino. 742, 749, 755, 762, 772, 773, 778, 792, 795, 800, 806, 807, 811, 817, 825, 829, 838, 839, 845, 850, 856, 861, 864, 868, 869, 877, 880, 884, 889, 893, 898, 929, 943, 945, 946, 957, 970, 983, 985, 986, 996, 997, 1009, 1010, 1012, 1014, 1024, 1026, 1028 Heliothrips haemorrhoidalis (greenhouse thrips) 568, 879 Hellula rogatalis (cabbage webworm) 783, 929 Hemerocampa sp. 882, 987 Hemerocampa leucostigma seaman (Ghittesmaciod tussock moth) 109, 545, 820, 835, 1015 Hemerocampa pseudotsugata Douglas-fir tussock moth) 25, 250, 431, 546 Hemerocampa vetusta (western tussock moth) 260 Hemileuca maia (buck moth) 1015 Hemipeplus marginipennis (a cucujid) 969 Hemitarsonemus latus (broad mite) 972 Hercothrips fasciatus (bean thrips) 697 Hesperotettix sp. (a grasshopper) 645 Heterocampa ttivitta (saddled prominent) 197, 437, 724 Heterocampa manteo (variable oak leaf caterpillar) 155, 437, 724, 1015 Heterococcus graminicola (a mealybug) 264, 863 Heterodera glycines (soybean cyst nenatwist 53, 125, 144, 170, 210, 286, 295, 339, 448, 560, 693, 815, 848, 891, 964, 1021 Heterodera rostochiensis (golden nematode) 323, 453, 587, 1022 Heterostylum robustum (an alkali bee parasite) 492, 520 Hieroglyphus banian (rice grasshopper) 140 Hippelates spp. (eye gnats) 99, 458, 491, 853 Hippelates collusor 181, 491, 790, 853 Hippelates dorsalis 853 Hippodamia spp. 220, 492, 805 Hippodamia convergens (convergent lady beetle) 46, 82, 120, 112, 136, 146, 177, 269, 282, 370, 595, 727, 838, 854, 867, 882, 897, 932, 942, 956, 969, 982, Eapredconte parenthesis 110, 237 Hippodamia tridecimpunctata 370 Hispa armigera ; (see Dicladispa armigera) Homadaula albizziae (mimosa webworm) 7, 99, 155, 244, 354, 373, 435, 593, 618, 639, 659, 703, 725, 746, 769, 789, 804, 820, 836, 853, 867, 895, 1014, 1028 Homalodisca triquetra (a leafhopper) até Homoeosoma electellum (sunflower moth) 77, 85 Hoplocampa brevis (pear sawfly) 573, Hoplocampa testudinea (European apple sawfly) 673 Horistonotus uhlerii (sand wireworm) 97, 284 Hormostes reflexulus (a plant bug) 276 Horogenes punctorius (a parasite) 194, 755 Hortensia similis (a leafhopper) 221 Hyalomma dromedarii (camel tick) 140 Hyalopteroides dactylidis (an aphid) 57, 945 Hyalopterus arundinis (mealy plum aphid) 80, 248, 305, 652 Hyalopterus atriplicis 934 Hybomitra sp. (a tabanid) 594 Hydrellia griseola (a rice leaf miner) 304, 310 Hydrobaenus sp. (a midge) 456 Hydroecia micacea 972 Hylastinus obscurus (clover root borer) 153, 191, 224, 246, 264, 352, 397, 605, 690, 863, 998 Hylemya spp. 1010 Hylemya antiqua (onion maggot) Wii Boles) (1965620350210), 249, 267, 297, 344, 388, 411, 454, 485, 512, 541, 564, 588, 613,. 655, 675, 697, 801, 865, 881, 933, 947, 972, 999, 1027 Hylemya brassicae (cabbage maggot) 10, 60, 149, 151, 196, 226, 267, 298, 366, 410, 452, 512, 675, 865 Hylemya cerealis 201, 318, 336, 360, 380, 448 Hylemya cilicrura (seed-corn maggot) 9, 81, 85, 166, 175, 187, 194, 202, 203, 212, 226, 267, 297, 308, 322, 339, 359, 390, 444, 476, 504, 514, 587, 655, 893, 933, 934, 947, 972, 1010 Hylemya floralis (turnip maggot) 93350934 Hylemya fugax 512 Hylemya lupini 93 Hylephila phylaeus (a skipper) 607 Hylobius spp. 427 Hylobius pales (pales weevil) 4540UD55 559), 369 wale; wa kos, 428, 459, 517, 547, 568, 852, 931 Hylobius radicis (pine root collar weevil) 118, 197, 400, 428 - 22 - Hylotrupes bajulus (old house borer) 32, 61, 150, 156, 237, 245, 493, 549, 595, 932, 969 Hylurgopinus rufipes (native elm bark beetle) 415, 679 Hypera sp. = 131 Hypera brunneipennis (Egyptian alfalfa weevil) 165, 180, 209, 445 Hypera meles 337, 383, 395, 397, 505, 582 Hypera nigrirostris (lesser clover leaf weevil) 57, 76, 111, 191, 224, 233, 247, 264, 276, 286, 303, 319, 338, 352, 361, 382, 397, 406, 446, 506, 533, 582, 628, 649, 691, 813, 939, 1001, 1013, 1025 Hypera postica (alfalfa weevil) GUS R22 hase lon ods Oo); 76, 79, 96, 108, 110, 134, 136, 137, 140, 144, 151, 152, 185, 200, 209, 233, 240, 246, 258, 264, 277, 294, 303, 318, 336, 360, 381, 397, 405, 444, 477, 505, 532, 557, 581, 604, 629, 649, 670, 691, 714, 738, 758, (80), 4813)) 891939), (9445, 9535 963, 972, 998, 1001, 1012 Hypera punctata (clover leaf weevil) 11D 4452 Sh, LOL. sacal, 241, 246, 257, 264, 276, 286, 294, 303, 319, 337, 352, 361, 381, 397, 405, 445, 477, 1013, 1025 Hyperaspis binotata (a coccinellid) 435 Hyperaspis signata 435 Hyphantria cunea (fall webworm) 7, 45, 60, 80, 85, 94, 95, 98, 109), 11457149. 0155)," 158, vit, 178, 197, 268, 354, 392, 460, 482, 510, 546, 562, 585, 611, 617, 632, 638, 653, 659, 679, 695, 702, 718, 723, 724, 740, 745, 768, 782, 789, 799, 819, 833, 852, 879, 986, 987, 999, 1014, 1028 Hypoderma spp. 31, 55, 73, 90, 105, 109, 146, 168, 189, 214, 223, 261, 300, 325, 348, 370, 393, 458, 492, 569, 594, 660, 747, 968, 987, 995, 1023 Hypoderma bovis (northern cattle grub) 86, 155, 168, 214, 251, 261, 300, 393, 492, 948, 968, 1002 Hypoderma lineatum (common cattle Seah) ae 86, 99, 105, 127, 146, 155, 160, 168, 172, 176, 203, 214, 251, 261, 393, 492, 548, 594, 948, 968, 1002 Hyponomeuta padella (ermine moth) 134 Icerya purchasi (cottony cushion Scale) 24, 132, 134, 139, 159, 180, 187, 281, 306, 309, 941, 968, 982, 995, 1021 Ichthyura inclusa (poplar tent maker) 836, 853 Idiocerus spp. 141 Idiocerus stali (pistachio leafhopper) 135 Incurvaria rubiella (raspberry moth) 355, Ips spp. (engraver beetles) 26, 220, 299, 392, 415, 421, 426, 427, 638, 658, 702, 746, 803, 820, 851, 966, 987 Ips avulsus 154, 159, 299, 427, 930 Ips calligraphus 154, 159, 299, 427, 930 Ips confusus 85, 427 ips grandicollis 159, 299, 427, 746, 930 Ips interpunctus 421, 427 Ips lecontei 425, 427, 568 Ips pini (pine engraver) 95, 346, 392, 400, 746 Ips plastographus 966, 995 Ips ponderosae 425, 427 Irbisia spp. (plant bugs) 247, 304, 518 Iridomyrmex humilis (Argentine ant) 681 Ischnodemus falicus (a lygaeid bug) 245 Isotoma cinerea (a collembola) 31 Isotomurus palustris (a collembola) 323 Itonida balsamicola (balsam gall midge) 100, 1011 K Kakothrips pisivorus (pea thrips) 121 Kalotermes approximatus 223 Kalotermes minor (a dry-wood termite) mei ates Keiferia glochinella (eggplant leaf TED) 834 Keiferia lycopersicella (tomato Pinworm) 72, 307, 483, 696, 834 Kermes spp. (scale insects) 115, 119, 547, 1028 Kermes bougei 836 Kermes galliformis 159, 281 Kermes pubescens ee pubescens: L Labrorychus sp. (a parasite) 269 Lachnus salignus (horned aphid) 329 Lacinipolia renigera (bristly cutworm) 320 Lactilia coccidivora (a lepidopteron) 435 Laemophloeus spp. (grain beetles) 25, 660 Laemophloeus ferrugineus (rusty grain beetle) 8 Laemophloeus pusillus (flat grain beetle) 8, 135, 177, 681, 897, 932, 956, 1023 Lamprolonchea aurea (a black fly) 139 Laphygma exigua (beet armyworm) 44, 134, 136, 140, 178, 180, 187, 303, 443, 457, 477, 483, 487, 504, 514, 556, 562, 586, 615, 653, 668, 674, 697, 714, 736, 741, 783, 800, 831, 833, 834, 846, 862, 865, 928, 1000 Laphygma frugiperda (fall armyworm) 7, 43, 56, 84, 94, 97, 98, 106, 112, 128, .146, 152, 157, 158; 171, 173, 192, 194, 199, 202, 215); (217) 22, 1223, 2o4no ss. 241, 262, 275, 283, 285, 302, 307, 351, 359, 373, 382, 398, 399, 404, 444, 464, 465, 477, 502, 555, 580, 603, 628, 635, 649, 669, 688, 712, 729, 730, 736, 742, 749, 756, 763, 772, 778, 792, 796, 800, 806, 811, 825, 829, 838, 839, 846, 850, 856, 861, 869, 877, 884, 889, 898, 927, 929, 943, 957, 970, 985, 1012, 1014, 1026 Largus cinctus (a plant bug) 745, 767 Lasioderma serricorne (cigarette beetle) 136, 159, 245 Lasioptera vitis (a grape tomato gall) 148, 399 Laspeyresia caryana (hickory shuckworm) 94, 277, 740, 929, 964, 980, 994 Laspeyresia funebrana (plum frui moth) 989 Laspeyresia nigricana (pea moth) 267 Latrodectus mactans (black widow spider) 25, 31, 61, 106, 309 804, 853, 948, 1015 Lecanium spp. 366 Lecanium- cerasorum (calico scale) 304, 325 Lecanium corni (European fruit lecanium) 24, 60, 104, 265, 304, 311, 325, 399, 409, 450, 481, 490, 493, 518, 561, 584, 610, 632, 746, 867, 972, 999 Lecanium coryli 141 Lecanium nigrofasciatum 680 Lecanium pruinosum 303, 304, 311, 986 Lecanium quercifex 159, 346, 461, 547 Lema melanopa (a leaf beetle) 47 Lema trilineata (three-lined potato beetle) 149, 611 Leperisinus aculeatus (a bark beetle) 345 Lepidoglyphus cadaverum (a grain mi Ee G60 Lepidophorus lineaticollis (a weevil) 934 Lepidosaphes beckii (purple scale) 134, 139, 171, 258, 329 Lepidosaphes camelliae (camellia scale) 179 Lepidosaphes ceanothi 189 Lepidosaphes destefanii 341 Lepidosaphes ficus (fig scale) 538 Lepidosaphes gloverii (Glover scale) 134 Lepidosaphes ulmi (oystershell scale) 22), (60), 114, 117, 119, 149, 165, 203, 226, 251, 268, 348, 393, 461, 490, 569, 632, 703, 789, 799, 948, 956, 982, 1002 Lepisma saccharina (silverfish) 933 Leptinotarsa decemlineata (Colorado potato beetle) 7, 21, 60, 81, 95, 113, 148, 151, 154, 172, 175, 242, 249, 267, 279, 297, 323, 343, 366, 386, 398, 409, 454, 482, 511, 539, 562, 586, 611, 654, 674, 696, 719, 762, 783, 800, 833, 947, 986, 1014 Leptocoris trivittatus (boxelder bug) 17, 25, 56, 147, 168, 190, 197, 214, 253, 261, 327, 354, 805, 833, 897 Leptoglossus spp. 482 Leptoglossus phyllopus (leaf-footed bug) 95, 157, 158, 242, 603, 781, 796, 830, 849 Leptopterna dolabratus (meadow plant bug) 23, 397, 534 Leptopterna ferrugatus (a mirid) 945 Leptoypha minor (an ash tingid) 309 Lepyronia quadrangularis Ca AURA) 630 Leucinodes orbonalis (brinjal borer) 141 eucoptera coffeella (a leaf miner) 329 — 23 Leucothrips theobromae (a thrips) 330 Ligyrus gibbosus (carrot beetle) 370, 865 Limenitis sp. (a brush-footed butterfly) 461 Limnobaris calandriformis (a weevil) 329 Limonius spp. Tl Oss EEG, Sao) Limonius californicus (sugar-beet wireworm) 166, 265, 604, 654 Limonius canus (Pacific Coast Wireworm) 265, 267 Limothrips cerealium (grain thrips) 407 Lineaspis cupressi (a scale insect) 260, 995 Linognathus vituli (long-nosed cattle louse) 109, 282 Linsleya sphaericollis (a blister beetle) 23 Lipaphis erysimi (an aphid) ee erysimi Lipoptena cervi (a louse fly) 594 Lipoptena depressa 594 Liposcelis divinatorius (booklouse) 595 Liriomyza spp. (leaf miners) 7, 98, 154, 171, 180, 259, 308; 310}, 398), (513), 5355607, 820, 941 Liriomyza brassicae Y Liriomyza dianthi 282 Liriomyza guytoni 158, 367 Liriomyza langei (pea leaf miner) 308, 310 Lissorhoptrus oryzophilus (rice water weevil) 221, 629 Listroderes costirostris obliquus (vegetable weevil) 45, 72, 95,797); 1055/8126 ,,-1545 167, 188, 212, 235, 243, 259, 260, 279, 280, 295, 308, 323, 343, 366, 388, 389, 411, 454, 456, 485, 565, 965 Listronotus oregonensis (carrot weevil) 484, 801, 849, 994 Lithocolletis sp. (a tentiform leaf miner) 80 Litoprosopus coachella (a fan palm mot) 791, 822 Lixus sp. (a sugar-beet stem borer) 134 Lobesia botrana (vine moth) 135, 138, 139 Lobiopa insularis (a sap beetle) 45, 485 Locusta sp. (a grasshopper) 137 Loxagrotis albicosta (western bean cutworm) 114, 202 Loxostege spp. (webworms) 109, 174, 189, 360, 407, 479, 508, 555, 559, 672, 691, 714, Wotan Wola oLe. Loxostege commixtalis (alfalfa webworm) lll, 448, 532, 672, 797, 846 Loxostege similalis (garden webworm) 23, 44, 111, 191, 217, 286, 302, 508, 533, 543, 555, 559, 566, 580, 606, 635, 650, 669, 691, 758, 766, 779, 1012 Loxostege sticticalis (beet webworm) 20, 22, 24, 86, 114, 202, 203, 249, 367, 455, 484, 511, 531, 540, 555, 563, 588, 605, 613, 633, 650, 653, 672, 674, 691, 697, 714, 719, 783, 797, 830, 834, 971, 985, 1001 Luperodes bivittatus (a chrysomelid) 610 Luperodes brunneus (corn silk beetle) 627 Lyctus spp. (lyctus beetles) 106, 156, 463, 942 Lyctus brunneus Lyctus linearis 1023 Lyctus planicollis (southern lyctus beetle) 56, 106, 245 Lydella sp. (a parasite) 626 Lydella grisescens 194, 668, 755 Lygus spp. (lygus bugs) Zoe COs CLs LOS, VU. LSI 209), 2347) 250), 257., 276, 294, 304, 308, 320, 338, 362, 389, 406, 413, 446, 455, 457, 478, 507, 545, 567, 606, 612, 629, 649, 657, 670, 677, 678, 692, 697, 700, 716, 723, 738, 744, 759, 767, 781, 786, 798, 813, 832, 847, 986, 998, 999) Lygus artiflavis 533 Lygus desertus 247, 944 Lygus elisus 84, 85, 104, 247, 265, 266, 267, 294, 297, 338, 383, 478, 507, 533, 558, 585, 606, 670, 678, 692, 700, 716, 944, 946 Lygus hesperus 84, 85, 180, 181, 247, 263, 266, 267, 294, 297, 338, 362, 383, 478, 507, 533, 558, 585, 606, 670, 678, 692, 700, 716, 944 Lygus lineolaris (tarnished plant bug) 44, 57, 59, 111, 175, 191, 194, 225, 276, 286, 294, 296, 320, 321, 338, 340, 352, 362, 365, 367, 383, 384, 397, 399, 406, 446, 478, 507, 533, 545, 558, 567, 582, 590, 606, 616, 629, 636, 649, 653, 670, 678, 692, 700, 716, 738, 759, 813, 832, 834, 847, 891, 930, 93975,;950;5; LO 1013),.01025, 1027 Lygus shulli 533 Lymire edwardsii (a wasp moth) 632 Lytta cyanipennis (a blister beetle) 23 Lytta stygica 23 M Macremphytus sp. (a dogwood sawfly) 400 Macrocentrus gifuensis (a parasite) 398 Macrodactylus subspinosus (rose chafer) 150, 591, 639, 1011 Macronoctua onusta (iris borer) 115 Macrophya pluricincta (a sawfly) 380, 405 Macrosiphoniella sanborni (chrysanthemum aphid) 942 Macrosiphum spp. (aphids) 582 Macrosiphum barri 30, 249 Macrosiphum dirhodum (ones ta! Macrosiphum anarium (English grain aphid) 29, 77, 79, 108, 113, 140, 174, 180, 200, 209, 233, 247, 257, 264, 275, 285, 293, 317, 336, 360, 380, 404, 443, 475, 504, 531, 556, 581, 605, 628, 713, 737, 812, 927, 945, 954, 985, 993, 997, 1013, 1027 Macrosiphum liriodendri (tuliptree aphid) 1015 Macrosiphum pelargonii 513 Macrosiphum pisi (pea aphid) GEIS eda 7 DO Gens OL 845589 108 so 1 Las Ohss, 131, 152, 158, 174, 180, 185, 191, 195, 200, 201, 203, 209, 212, 217, 224, 234, 247, 249, 257, 264, 266, 276, 286, 294, 303; 3195/3382. 361,, 382, 397, 406, 410, 446, 452, 478, 484, 507, 512, 534, 540, 558, 564, 582, 587, 606, 612, 630, 634, 649, 654, 671, 691, 715, 738, 758, 780, 797, 813, 832, 846, 863, 878, 890, 928, 939, 944, 953, 996, 980, 984, 993, 997, 1001, 1012, 1025, 1028 Macrosiphum rosae (rose aphid) 8550559 145," 167.,;. 2135. 236; 251, 260, 300, 369, 461, 547, 948, 1008 Macrosiphum rudbeckiarum 30 Macrosiphum solanifolii (potato aphid) 10, 98, 202, 225, 249, 307, 329, 386, 398, 453, 483, 512, 539, 563, 585, 586, 611, 653, 696, 720, 741, 742, 817, 948, 1011, 1014 Macrosteles spp. 397 Macrosteles fascifrons (six-spotted Ieafhopper) 20, 108, 109, 111, TS, 1165. T5070, 1995, 202, 203, 226, 285, 397, 398, 407, 445, 479, 484, 504, 532, 558, 588; 611, 650, 671, 721, 739, 742, 764, 817, 881, 947, 972, 1007, 1014 Magdalis acilis (a black fruit tree weevil) 449 Magicicada septendecim (periodical cicada) 58, 60, 153, 155, 244, 39d, (3035) OLS Malacosoma spp. (tent caterpillars) 8457095), 109,132), 299), 306, 311, 346, 369, 392, 415, 436, 460, 546 Malacosoma americanum (eastern tent caterpillar) 7, 10, 57, 58, 60, 95, 149, 167, 175, 179, 189, 197, 277, 299, 324, 327, 341, 3463/3695 373,,-392; 415, 416) 468, 488, 592, 1011, 1015, 1028 Malacosoma disstria (forest tent caterpillar) 196, 250, 268, 299, 346, 369, 392, 415, 421, 436, 459, 488, 517, 546, 569, 591, 617, 947, 966, 1000 Malacosoma fragilis (Great Basin tent caterpillar) 203, 436, 460, 947, 987 Malacosoma neustria (lackey moth) 101 Malacosoma pluviale (western tent caterpillar) 268, 299, 346, 1000 Mamestra brassicae (cabbage moth) 873 Margarodes sp. 178 Margarodes meridionalis (a ground pearl) 879 Matsucoccus resinosae (red-pine scale) 436 Matsucoccus vexillorum 435 Megacyllene robiniae (locust borer) 4, 60, 176, 896, 948 Megalopyge sp. 244, 799 Megalopyge opercularis (puss caterpillar) 179, 855, 931, 955 Megastigmus spp. 428 eye Megastigmus pistaciae (a pistachio nut borer) 135 Megatoma spp. (dermestids) 269 Megaxyela langstoni (a sawfly) 482 Melalgus confertum (a twig borer) 585 Melanagromyza simplex (asparagus miner) 267, 801, 1014 Melanagromyza virens 805 Melanocallis caryaefoliae (black pecan aphid) 84, 158, 171, 782, 816, 879, 954 Melanophila californica (California flatheaded borer) 420, 428, 981 Melanoplus spp. (grasshoppers) 76, 108, 191, 199, 217, 241, 359, 379, 403, 501, 554, 577, 601, 645, 667, 687, 773, 777, 861, 939, 997, 1027 Melanoplus angustipennis 667, 777 Melanoplus bilituratus (migratory grasshopper) 19, 23, 112, 173, 194, 199, 247, 265, 286, 293, 317, 359, 379, 403, 441, 473, SOU 52 Oo ODS O Mili COOL O02, 625, 645, 667, 687, 711, 735, 7717, 795, 807, 811, 815, 829, 845, 855, 861, 877, 889, 944, 953, 1002 Melanoplus bivittatus (two-striped grasshopper) 112, 116, 173, 194, 199, 247, 265, 317, 359, 379, 403, 441, 473, 529, 536, 55S Det GOL 5 629))56at, moto; 667, 687, 711, 735, 755, 777, 811, 829, 845, 855, 877, 889, 944, 1002 Melanoplus borealis 944 Melanoplus cinereus 135 Melanoplus devastator (devastating grasshopper) 441, 536, 554, 577, 645, 667, 755, 777 Melanoplus differentialis (differential grasshopper) 100, ally lay alee seria 2 RE 317, 359, 403, 441, 473, 529, 553, 577, 601, 625, 637, 645, 667, 687, 711, 735, 755, 777, 795, 829, 845, 855, 877, 1026 Melanoplus femur-rubrum (red-legged grasshopper) 19, 100, 108, 112, 116, 194, 199, 247, 275, 286, 352, 379, 403, 441, 473, 529, 553, 577, 601, 625, 637, 645, 667, 687, 711, 735, 755, 777, 795, 811, 815, 845, 855, 877, 889, 944, 1002 Melanoplus foedus 667, 777 Melanoplus occidentalis Aa Melanoplus packardii (Packard grasshopper) 19, 173, 199, 247, 265, 553, 601, 625, 687, 877, 944, 1002 Melanoplus viridipes A473 Melanotus spp. (wireworms) 107, 284 Meligethes nigrescens (a nitidulid) 79, 606, 693, 998 Melipotis acontioides (a noctuid) 593 Melissopus latiferreanus (filbertworm) 80, 278, 585, 928, 999 Melittia cucurbitae (squash vine borer) 114, 149, 158, 564, 1014 Melolontha melolontha (a chafer) 138 Melophagus ovinus (sheep ked) 4,22, 161,078, 86,) 203,).236, 261, 282, 300, 325, 548, 747, 821, 853, 986, 948, 988, 1011 Menopon gallinae (shaft louse) 31 Merisus destructor (a parasite) 690 Mermeria spp. (grasshoppers) 199, 577, 667, 687 Meromyza americana (wheat stem maggot) 286 Meromyza pratorum 79 Meromyza saltatrix 79 Mesogramma polita (a syrphid) 690, 713 : Mestobregma sp. (a grasshopper) 601 Metamasius sericeus (a weevil) 329 Metcalfiella sp. (a treehopper) 329 Metcalfiella pubescens 329 Metriona sp. 175 Metriona bicolor (golden tortoise beetle) 158, 655, 695, 986, 1014 Miccotrogus picirostris (clover seed weevil) 246, 445, 506, 557, 582, 715, 945, 998, 1025 Microphanurus semistriatus (@ parasite) 136 Microtermes obesi (a termite) 140, 141 Microtheca ochroloma (yellow- margined leaf beetle) 45, 105, 158 Milax gagates (greenhouse slug) 258 Mindarus abietinus (balsam twig aphid) 119, 490 Mocis spp. (grassworms) "Tee gal Mocis latipes 97, 798 Monarthropalpus buxi (boxwood leaf ~ miner) 167, 260, 325, 461 Monellia californica 816 Monellia caryae ~ 584, 816, 820 Monellia costalis (black-margined aphid) 77, 84, 482, 584, 782, 816, 879, 928, 954 Monellia nigropunctata 816 Monochamus marmorator (balsam-fir sawyer) 119 Monochamus titillator (southern pine Sawyer) 179, 245, 459 Monophadnoides geniculatus (raspberry Sawfly) 117 Mordwilkoja vagabunda (poplar vagabond aphid) 24, 947 Murgantia histrionica (harlequin bug) 114, 343, 410, 604, 634, 720, 783, 800, 986, 1014 Musca domestica (house fly) 46, 61, 86, 99, 109, 115, 138, 150), 51, 1555919732005 8223; 245, 309, 354, 458, 491, 519, 548, 594, 790, 837, 853, 867, 948, 1015 Mycodiplosis alternata (dogwood club-gall midge) 400 Myiopardalis pardalina (Baluchistan melon fly) 134, 137 Myllocerus undecimpustulatus maculosus (cotton gray weevil) 141 Myochrous sp. (a chrysomelid) 293 Myrmeleon spp. (a predator) 704 *Metoponia rubriceps (an Australian sod fly) 954 Myzocallidium riehmi (sweetclover aphid) 20, 44, 191, 247, 286, 363, 407, 447, 520, 535, 559, 582, 691, 945, 1025 Myzocallis californicus (an aphid) 350/78 Ona Myzocallis coryli 81, 258 Myzocallis maureri 30 Myzocallis tiliae 1012 Myzocallis trifolii (yellow clover aphid) 286 Myzocallis ulmifolii (elm leaf aphid) 24, 85, 176, 490, 517, 769, 882 Myzus ascalonicus (an aphid) 389, ee rte Myzus cerasi (black cherry aphi 24, 80, 234, 248, 296, 340, 482, 509, 538, 561, 584, 679, 694, 998 Myzus leucocrini 30 Myzus persicae (green peach aphid) 77, 80, 97, 98, 126, 141, 154, 165, 166, 171, 172, 175, 180, 187, 202, 203, 210, 211, 248, 260, 265, 267, 280, 296, 297, 298, 305, 307, 321, 323, 340, 344, 353, 365, 368, 384, 386, 389, 408, 449, 453, 456, 482, 483, 486, 514, 538, 541, 561, 585, 586, 588, 589, 611, 614, 635, 653, 655, 676, 696, 720, 721, 740, 742, 764, 783, 800, 802, 817, 835, 849, 879, 891, 893, 929, 964, 985, 995, 999, 1011, 1014, 1022 Myzus solani (foxglove aphid) 10, 98, 585, 611, 653, 696, 742, 1011 Nabis spp. (damsel bugs) 46, 78, 109, 190, 237, 282, 326, 370, 394, 463, 492, 549, 570, 595, 619, 704, 747, 790, 805, 838, 854, 867, 882, 897, 932, 942, 956, 988, 996 Nabis ferus 727 Nacerdes melanura (wharf borer) 150 Necrobia rufipes (red-legged ham beetle) 520 Nematus ribesii (imported currantworm) 452 Nematus ventralis (willow sawfly) 568, 724, 786, 836, 1015 Nemocestes incomptus (a raspberry bud weevil) 266 Neoborus amoenus (ash plant bug) Taree = able) Neoborus illitus 303, 309 ( Neoclytus capraea (an ash tree borer) 114 Neoconocephalus spp. (cone-headed grasshoppers) 43, 44, 601, 625 Neodiprion spp. (sawflies) 7, 60, 114, 369, 415, 433, 434, 490, 546, 786, 941 Neodiprion abbotii 172 Neodiprion abietis (balsam-fir sawfly) 434 Neodiprion excitans 16, 172, 433, 546, 852 Neodiprion fabricii 220 Neodiprion lecontei (red-headed pine sawfly) 55, 95, 119, 155, 172, 179, 222, 354, 433, 593, 638, 724, 745, 786, 803, 820, 852, 881, 895 a AS Neodiprion maurus 434 Neodiprion nanulus (red-pine sawfly) 172, 434, 459, 546 Neodiprion pinetum (white-pine sawfly) 193, 244, 434, 768, 955 Neodiprion pratti 433, 459, 617, 995 Neodiprion pratti paradoxicus 433 Neodiprion sertifer (European pine Sawfly) 226, 392, 415, 433, 459, 490, 516, 546 Neodiprion taedae 324, 724 Neodiprion taedae linearis 299, 369, 433, 638 Neodiprion tsugae (hemlock sawfly) 25, 268, 421, 434 Neodiprion virginiana 369 Neolecanium cornuparvum (magnolia Scale) 244, 490 Neolygus spp.(plant bugs) 482, 8 Neolygus caryae (hickory plant bug) ee 225, 450, 510 Neolygus omnivagus 225, 450, 510 Neolygus quercalbae 225, 450 Neophasia menapia (pine butterfly) B2, 251, 432 Nephelodes emmedonia (bronzed cutworm) 286, 971 Nephopteryx subcaesiella (locust leaf roller) 679 Nepticula juglandifoliella (a leaf miner) 718 Nepticula promisa 135 Nezara viridula (southern green stink bug) 43, 95, 97, 157, 178, 218, 350, 484, 486, 581, 588, 604, 965 Nilotaspis halli (Hall scale) 258, 322 Nomia melanderi (an alkali bee) 82, 269, 326, 520, 548, 849, 1000 Nomophilia noctuella 613, 758, 799, 852, 883 Norape cretata (a flannel moth) 158, 244 Nuculaspis californica (a scale insect) 435, 852 Nygmia phaeorrhoea (brown-tail moth) OamLOnGloameloN S24 Nymphalis antiopa (mourning-cloak butterfly) 24, 78, 109, 197, 309, 324, 346, 518, 568, 592, 703, 987 Nysius spp. (false chinch bugs) 86, 166, 323, 361, 455, 540, 549, 582, 595, 647, 692, 700, 711, 737, 756, 779, 798, 812, 822, 830, 881, 945 Nysius ericae (false chinch bug) 306, 476, 508, 630, 670, 692, 113), s(3t, 863, \878 Nysius raphanus 84, 985 O Oberea bimaculata (raspberry cane borer) 99, 117, 196, 241 Oberea tripunctata (dogwood twig borer) 269, 538, 747 Ocneria terebynthina (a hairy caterpillar) 135 Odontotermes obesus (a termite) 141 Oebalus pugnax (rice stink bug) 44, 221, 233, 383, 405, 476, 628, 690, 714, 737, 757, 779, 797 Oecanthus sp. 602 Oecanthus niveus (snowy tree cricket) 197, 658, 678 _ Oeciacus vicarius (swallow bug) 618 Oedaleonotus enigma (a grasshopper) 247, 265, 403, 441, 473, 536, 553, 577, 687, 979 Oestrus ovis (sheep bot fly) 4, 86, 99, 168, 726, 1023 Oiketicus townsendi (a bagworm) 85, 703 Oliarus truncatus (a fulgorid) 748 Oligia fractilinea (lined stalk borer) 247 Oligonychus spp. (spider mites) 8, 244, 796 Oligonychus afrasiaticus (Old World date mite) 135 QOligonychus bicolor 679, 725, 789, 1015 Oligonychus coniferarum 659, 987 Oligonychus ilicis (southern red mite) 8, 400, 609, 679, 1008 QOligonychus milleri 213 Oligonychus platani 704, 804 Oligonychus pratensis (date mite) 85, 264, 445, 877 Oligonychus punicae 305 Oligonychus stickneyi 84, 647, 669, 330, 889, 985 Oligonychus ununguis (a spruce spider mite) 26, 226, 251, 400, 420, 428, 568, 593, 617, 836, 895, 1025 Oligonychus yothersi (avocado red mite) 329 Olla abdominalis (a lady beetle) 282 Ollarianus strictus (a leafhopper) 941 Ommatissus binotatus (a fulgorid) 13 55m 3 7 Oumatopteryx texana (a crambid) 1 Onychiurus pseudofimetarius (a springtail) 344 Operophtera brumata (winter moth) 972 cer geera occidentalis 0) Ophryastes vittatus (a weevil) 84 Opsiphanes tamarindi 329 Orgyia antigua (rusty tussock moth) $93 Orius spp. (predators) 112, 394, 463, 492, 549, 570, 616, 681, 704, 748, 790 Orius insidiosus 110, 220, 790, 821 Orius tristicolor 252, 549, 747 Ornithonyssus bacoti (tropical rat mite) 72, 90, 105, 1023 Ornithonyssus sylviarum (northern fowl mite) 190 Orosius albicinctus (a sesame leafhopper) 136 Orthezia insignis (greenhouse orthezia) 836 Oryctes elegans (date stem borer) 137 Oryzaephilus surinamensis (saw- toothed grain) 8, 25, 83, 86, 90, 99, 135, 177, 220, 245, 251, 269, 660, 805, 897, 932 Oscinella nitidissima ( a chloropid stem maggot) 264 Otobius megnini (ear tick) 86, 127, 177, 261, 790, 837, 931, 948, 987 Pachylobius spp. (weevils) 427 Pachylobius picivorus (a pine weevil) 159, 428 Pachynematus sporax ( a wheat sawfly) 257 Pachypsylla celtidis-mamma Wieckberey nipple gall) 150, 176, 369, 490, 518 ’ Pachypsylla celtidis-vesicula 226 Pachypsylla venusta 282 Pachystethus lucicola (a scarab) 697 Pachyzancla bipunctalis (southern beet webworm) 175, 179 Pachyzancla phaeopteralis (a sod webworm) 43, 44, 171 Pagiocerus fiorii (a beetle) 330 Paleacrita vernata (spring cankerworm) 114, 197, 341, 393, 415, 460, 568, 1015 Palleucothrips musae (red rust thrips) 329 Palorus subdepressus (depressed flour beetle) 56 Palpita unionalis (a pyralid) 139 Pandeleteius hilaris (a gray- sided oak weevil) 60 Panolis flammea (pine moth) 1017 Panonychus citri (citrus red mite) 104, 135, 138, 171, 306, 631, 782 Panonychus ulmi (European red mite) 6, 9, 58, 60, 80, 100, 117, 138, 151, 153, 187, 195, 224, 225, 248, 266, 295, 305, 321, 340, 352, 365, 384, 399, 408, 449, 481, 509, 537, 561, 565, 584, 585, 609, 631, 652, 673, 694, 718, 761, 782, 799, 816, 945, 998, 1010, 1013, 1027 Pantomorus godmani (Fuller rose beetle) 90, 94, 98, 353, 482, 882 Pantomorus tessellatus 488 Papaipema sp. 1010 ( : ) Papaipema nebris stalk borer 9, 59, 117, 148, 150, 157, 216, 353, 540, 591, 604, 616, 627, 654, 657, 701, 1010, 1013 Papilio sp. 135 Papilio demoleus (lemon butterfly) 949 Papilio demoleus demoleus 949, 950 Papilio demoleus malayanus 949 Papilio polyxenes asterius (celery- worm) 1014 Parachlemensia acerifoliella maple leaf cutter) 100 Paradalophora apiculata (a grasshopper) 359 Paraleucoptera albella (a cotton- wood blotch leaf miner) 947 Paralobesia viteana (grape berry moth) 148, 151, 218, 946 Paramyelois transitella (navel orangeworm) 306, 879, 964, 980, 1007 Parargyractis kearfottalis (a pyralid moth) 247 Paratanus yusti (a leafhopper) 329 Paratrioza cockerelli (potato psyllid) 22) 245 1097 Tiss 1677, 180),.4200), 0202020350222), 259, 297, 387, 453, 483, 511 563, 586, 611, 633, 654, 674, 696, 719, 741, 763, 801, 817, 850, 880, 986, 1002 Parcoblatta pennsylvanica (a wood Paaery 119 - 26 - Paria sp. (a strawberry rootworm) 200, 373, 449, 564, 818 Parlatoria spp. 137, 139 Parlatoria blanchardi (parlatoria date scale) 135, 139 Parlatoria camelliae 518 Parlatoria oleae (olive scale) 15, 135, 139, 141, 309, 395, 450, 740, 982 Parlatoria pergandii (chaff scale) Snipes isis Parlatoria ziziphus 139 Paromius longulus (a lygaeid) 757 Pealius kelloggi (a whitefly) 127, 968, 980 Pectinophora gossypiella (pink bollworm) 3, 16, 30, 54, 77, 85, 89, 132, 133, 135, 141, 145, 167, 176, 181, 212, 220, 222, 281, 330, 345, 390, 412, 457, 486, 515, 543, 566, 590, 615, 636, 700, 744, 803, 819, 835, 850, 855, 865, 869, 881, 941, 965, 980, 987, 995, 1022 Pegomya hyoscyami (spinach leaf miner) 7, 134, 149, 151, 250, 398, 484, 513, 564, 588, 655, 865, 1010 Pegomya rubivora (raspberry cane maggot) 81, 266, 485 Pempherulus affinis (cotton stem weevil) 731 Pemphigus balsamiferae (a root aphid) 10 Pemphigus bursarius 618 Pemphigus junctisensoriata 30 Pemphigus populi-ramulorum (poplar- twig gall aphid) 987 Pemphigus populi-transversus poplar-petiole gall aphid) 24, 965 Pentamerismus erythreus (a mite) 26, 260 Pentatrichopus fragaefolii (strawberry aphid) 248, 266, 411, 818, 835, 850, 999 Pentatrichopus thomasi 30 Penthaleus major (winter grain mite) E5s 74585), 200), 2095 2205 233 jeetGs 2807 295, 00165) 939, 979993) Peridroma margaritosa (variegated cutworm) 4, 22, 44, 56, 72, 81, 84, 91, 106, 108, 109, 138, 146, 174, 190, 215, 221, 235, 238, 262, 283, 302, 303, 322, S28, 344 9350 oa soGUl 30), 396, 405, 417, 418, 448, 455, 464, 465, 479, 485, 490, 494, 495, 506, 521, 535, 540, 550, 559, 571, 572, 588, 596, 605, 620, 634, 640, 641, 649, 662, 682, 683, 693, 697, 706, 707, 729, 730, 737, 749, 772, 780, 783, 792, 806, 825, 838, 839, 856, 869, 879, 884, 898, 943, 945, 957, 970, 971, 983, 985, 993, 997, 999, 1001, 1025 Perimegatoma vespulae (a dermestid) 31, 72, 90, 106, 309 Periphyllus lyropictus (Norway maple aphid) 250, 268, 490, 545, 724, 895, 947 Periphyllus negundinis (boxelder aphid) 24, 325 Periplaneta americana (American cockroach) 31, 138, 190, 252, 463 Periplaneta fuliginosa 168, 520 Petrobia apicalis 44 Petrobia latens (brow wheat mite) 144, 174; 200, 201, 220246) 303, 318, 336, 360, 443, 475, 485, 502, 531, 557, 581, 675, 927, 945, 993 Petrova comstockiana (pitch twig moth) 118 Phaenicia sericata (a green bottle fly) 61, 155 Phenacaspis pinifoliae (pine needle scale) 21, 22, 24, 26, 31, 60, 114, 150, 251, 260, 268, 435, 490, 518, 547, 866, 1002, 1028 Phenacoccus aceris (apple mealybug) 9, 144, 234, 321, 999, 1010 Phenacoccus gossypii (Mexican mealybug) 982 Phigalia titea (a looper) 487 Philaenus leucophthalmus (meadow spittlebug) 6, 9, 53, 57, 59, 150, 152, 191, 194, 223, 241, 247, 320, 322, 338, 339, 351, 362, 373, 382, 397, 407, 447, 478, 506, 513, 534, 558, 582, 613, 629, 692, 698, 716, 739, 759, 798, 814, 832, 847, 933, 934, 953, 994, 999, 1012, 1025 Philea spp. (March flies) S799) Phlibostroma quadrimaculatum Ca grasshopper) anyARy at Ry. a2), 359% Sit, 6005 637 Phloeosinus dentatus (a juniper borer) 24 c Pholus sp. (a hornworm) 109 Phormia regina (black blow fly) 569, 883 Phorodon humuli (hop aphid) 305 Phorodon menthae (a mint aphid) 267 Phyllaphis fagi (an aphid) 30, 547 Phyllocnistis sp. (a leaf miner) 329 Phyllocnistis citrella (a citrus leaf miner) 142, 935 Phyllocoptruta oleivora (citrus rust mite) 135, 138, 171, 306 Phyllophaga spp. (white grubs) 24, 45, 85, 117, 178, 192, 196, 226, 343, 346, 374, 380, 386, 438, 450, 452, 480, 536, 560, 583, 608, 659, 717, 781, 798, 848, 1027 Phyllophaga fusca 383 Phyllophaga praetermissa 297 Phyllophaga rugosa 848, 863 Phyllotreta spp. (flea beetles) 634 Phyllotreta cruciferae U, CABS pins 9 elas LOL Phyllotreta nemorum (turnip flea peetle) 597,. a Phyllotreta pusilla (western black flea beetle) 250, 379, 410, 586 Phyllotreta striolata (striped flea beetle) 388, 586, 693, 696, 738, 797, 830 Phylloxera sp. 482 Phylloxera notabilis (pecan leaf phylloxera) 510 Phylloxera vitifoliae (grape phylloxera) 148 Physokermes piceae (spruce bud scale) 658 Phytomyza spp. (holly leaf miners) 8, 90, 260, 300, 348 Phytomyza ilicis (holly leaf miner) 236, 260, 1000 Phytomyza nigra 79, 257, 997 Phytophaga destructor (hessian fly) 15, 20, 57, 79, 93, 96, 113, 192, 200, 285, 352, 380, 476, 532, 556, 628, 648, 670, 690, 757, 779, 831, 878, 889, 998, _ 1001, 1027 Pieris brassicae 134, 138, 141, 621 Pieris protodice (southern cabbageworm) 881 Pieris rapae (imported cabbageworm) v7; 45,59, 60, 98, 114, 125, 132, 134, 148, 151, 154, 166, 196, 216, 218,,225, 242, 258, 267, 279, 343, 366, 388, 398, 410, 452, 497, 512, 564, 587, 612, 622, 634, 655, 675, 720, 741, 800, 817, 833, 850, 880, 929, 941, 947, 955, 1000, 1014, 1028 Pikonema alaskensis (yellow-headed spruce sawfly) 119, 724, 1011 Pilocrocis tripunctata (sweet- potato leaf roller) 764, 784 Pineus coloradensis (a chermid) 895 Pineus floccus 437 Pineus pinifoliae (pine leaf aphid) 100, 437, 725, 1011 Pineus strobi (pine bark aphid) 58, 155, 268, 325, 346, 369, 400, 415, 461, 488, 517, 547, 679, 725, 931, 1011 Pinnaspis aspidistrae (a scale insect) 820 Piophila casei (cheese skipper) 245 Pissodes spp. (curculionids) 281, 427 Pissodes approximatus 346, 392, 400, 746, 931 Pissodes nemorensis (deodar weevil) 299, 345 Pissodes notatus (banded pine weevil) 271 Pissodes pini 271 Pissodes schwarzi 24 Pissodes strobi (white-pine weevil) 58, 60, 150, 155, 196, 244, 393, 421, 427, 459, 618, 639, 724, 745, 803, 894 Pityophthorus spp. (bark beetles) 85, 345, 369, 931 Pityophthorus annectans 459 Pityophthorus carmeli 866 Pityophthorus serratus 982 Plagiodera versicolora (imported willow leaf beetle) 226 Plagiometriona diversicollis (a tortoise beetle) 675 Plathypena scabra (green cloverworm) 106, 108, 110, 117, 128, 146, 152, 157, 175, 193, 286, 294, 320, 352, 361, 405, 445, 477, 506, 559, 606, 628, 634, 650, 670, 693, 697, 715, 738, 742, 757, 763, 780, 784, 797, 812, 818, 831, 834, 863, 878, 1012, 1014, 1027 Platycotis vittata (a treehopper) msl, 7s09 Platynota spp. (fruit scarringworms) 170 Platynota flavedana (a leaf roller) 218, 353, 694 Platynota stultana 127, 180, 744, 785, 820, 980 Platyparea poeciloptera (asparagus fly) 823 Platyperigae extima (a cutworm) 259 OS Platyptilia carduidactyla CHESe plume moth) 54, 125, 145, 307, 344, 455 Platypus spp. (ambrosia beetles) 159 Platypus compositus 682 Plesiocoris rugicollis (apple capsid) 523 Plodia interpunctella (Indian-meal moth) 8, 25, 83, 100, 115, 132, 136, 146, 159, L7i%5 213, 394, 790, 854, 956, 969, 1028 Plusia chalcites 943 Plutella maculipennis (diamondback moth) 45, 134, 141, 154, 180, 235, 267, 297, 322, 343, 388, 410, 452, 484, 502, 512, 540, 564, 587, 612, 720, 741, 849, 929, 972, 1000, 1014, 1028 Pnigalio longulus 139 Podisus maculiventris (a predator) 349 Podosesia s. syringae (lilac borer) 98, 115 Poecilocapsus lineatus (four-lined plant bug) 619 Pogonomyrmex sp. (a harvester ant) 177 Pogonomyrmex barbatus (red harves- ter ant) 237, 349 Pogonomyrmex barbatus fuscatus (harvester ant) 84 Pogonomyrmex barbatus molefaciens (Texas harvester ant) 223 Pogonomyrmex occidentalis (western harvester ant) 76, 84, 480, 630, W117, 759, 945, 985 Pollenia rudis (cluster fly) 25, 56, 193, 226, 948 Pollinia pollini (a scale) 139 Polyphylla crinita (a June beetle) 746 Polyphylla decemlineata (ten-lined June beetle) 531 Polyphylla fullo (a chafer grub) 138 Potania sp. (a willow leaf gall) 24 Popillia japonica (Japanese beetle) 8, 60, 100, 150, 153, 154, 155, 196, 211, 226, 233, 241, 242, 299, 324, 339, 352, 380, 399, 448, 461, 547, 568, 580, 592, 606, 610, 613, 614, 617, 630, 635, 639, 651, 655, 659, 6755 681) 205sa 71 5 ngo7 Tze 797, 822, 854, 897, 969, 1013 Porthetria dispar (gypsy moth) 7, 10, 55, 60, 100, 126, 149, 167, 213, 298, 324, 369, 392, 400, 436, 460, 545, 745, 768, 819, 852, 894, 1011 Praon sp. (a parasite) 727 Praon palitans (a braconid) 76, 83, 301, 310, 349, 416, 462, 549, 822, 984 Pratylenchus sp. (a meadow nematode) 7 Prays oleellus (olive moth) 137 Premnotrypes vorax (potato tuber weevil) 329 Prenolepsis imparis (an ant) 592 Prionoxystus robiniae (carpenter- worm) 98 Prionus sp. (a roundheaded borer) 241 Prionus californicus (California prionus) 85, 848, 945 Priostoma constricta (a springtail) 368 Pristiphora californica (California pear-slug) 341, 385, 409, 450, 998 Pristiphora erichsonii (larch sawfly) 118, 197, 434, 460, 617, 638, 724, 820, 895, 1011 Prociphilus fraxinifolii (a leaf- curl ash aphid) 325, 947 Prociphilus imbricator (beech blight aphid) 895 Prociphilus tessellatus (woolly alder aphid) 547 Prociphilus venafuscus 325, 1023 Prodenia eridania (southern armyworm) 171, 178, 817 Prodenia litura (Egyptian cottonworm) 137 Prodenia ornithogalli (yellow- striped armyworm) 56, 73, 97, 106, 111, 128, 146, 158, 169, 172, 190, 215, 238, 241, 262, 283, 302, 328, 350, 363, 372, 395, 396, 417, 418, 476, 494, 495, 521, 550, 571, 572, 580, 596, 607, 620, 635, 640, 641, 650, 662, 682, 683, 706, 707, 714, 729, 730, 737, 741, 749, 764, 772, 792, 796, 806, 825, 838, 839, 856, 869, 884, 898, 943, 944, 957, 970, 983, 1014, Prodenia praefica (western yellow- striped armyworm) 303, 630, 944, 947 Prospaltella perniciosi (a Parasite) 310 Proteoteras aesculana (a twig borer) 746, 789, 836 Proteoteras willingana (boxelder twig borer) 518 Protoparce spp. (hornworms) 60, 95, 97, 98, 175, 242, 366, 373, 483, 512, 514, 539, 541, 562, 565, 586, 612, 614, 633, 635, 654, 656, 674, 696, 721, 742, 743, 762, 764, 783, 784, 801, 802, 817, 947, 1014 Protoparce quinquemaculata (tomato hornworm) 59, 85, 148, 154, 195, 203, 238, 250, 328, 353, 366, 387, 454, 464, 465, 494, 495, 521, 550, 571, 572, 596, 620, 640, 641, 662, 682, 683, 706, 707, 729, 730, 749, 772, 792, 806, 825, 838, 839, 856, 986 Protoparce sexta (tobacco hornworm) 56, 154, 195, 353, 456, 464, 465, 494, 495, 521, 550, 571, 572, 596, 620, 640, 641, 662, 682, 683, 706, 707, 729, 730, 749, 772, 806, 825, 838, 839, 856 Proxenus mindara (a cutworm) 994, 1007 Pyrilla perpusilla (sugarcane leafhopper) 132, 140 Psallus seriatus (cotton fleahopper) 85, 176, 181, 218, 222, 368, 390, 412, 457, 515, 543, 566, 590, 616, 636, 677, 987 Pseudachorutes saxatilis (a springtail) 368 Pseudaletia unipuncta (armyworm) 4, 6, 9, 17, 22, 23, 43, 56, 57, 62, 73, 84, 97, 106, 112, 113, 128, 131, 140, 146, 150, 152, 169, 174, 178, 190, 192, 195, 200, 215, 221, 238, 241, 257, 262, 275, 283, 285, 302, 318, 322, 328, 336, 350, 351, 360, 372, 373, 379, 396, 397, 399, 404, 417, 418, 442, 464, 465, 474, 494, 495, 503, 521, 529, 550, 557, 571, 572, 579, 596, 604, 620, 627, 640, 641, 648, 662, 668, 682, 683, 690, 693, 697, 706, 707, 714, 729, 730, 739, 749, 771, 772, 778, 792, 796, 806, 825, 838, 839, 846, 856, 861, 869, 879, 884, 898, 943, 957, 970, 971, 983, 996, 1009, 1012, 1024, 1027 “ Pseudanthonomus validus (currant fruit weevil) 610 Pseudaonidia paeoniae (a scale insect) 896 Pseudaulacaspis pentagona (white peach scale) 836, 954, 964 Pseudocneorhinus bifasciatus (a Japanese weevil) 8, 414, 747, 789, 1015 Pseudococcus adonidum (long-tailed mealybug) 127, 306 Pseudococcus brevipes (pineapple mealybug) 728 Pseudococcus citri (citrus mealybug) 306 Pseudococcus juniperi 201 Pseudococcus maritimus (grape mealybug) 135, 226, 266, 305, 385, 982 Pseudohylesinus spp. (silver-fir beetles) 268, 419, 425 Pseudophilippia quaintancii (a woolly pine scale) 159, 725 Pseudoplusia includens (a looper) 153 Psila rosae (carrot rust fly) 267 Psiloptera drummondi (a buprestid) 84, 85, 695 Psoloessa delicatula (a grasshopper) 403 Psorophora spp. (mosquitoes) 46 Psorophora ciliata 931 Psorophora confinnis TOL Psoraptes equi ovis (sheep scab mite) 73, 155, 168, 995 Psylla buxi (boxwood psyllid) 32550393 Psylla negundinis (boxelder psyllid) 947 Psylla pyricola (pear psylla) 80, 125, 151, 211, 234, 248, 265, 277, 296, 304, 321, 341, 385, 409, 509, 610, 652, 674, 740, 761, 864, 998, 1007 Psylla uncatoides 490 Psylliodes punctulata (a flea beetle) 388 Pterochlorus persicae (a black aphid) 141 Pterocomma beulahensis (an aphid) 30 Pterocomma smithae (a bark aphid) 995 Ptinus fur (white-marked spider beetle) 269 Ptinus gandolphei (a spider beetle) 17 Ptinus hirtellus (brown spider beetle) 245 Ptinus ocellus 269 Pulex irritans (human flea) 150, 594, 896 Pulvinaria aurantii (orange pulvinaria scale) 134 Pulvinaria floccifera (yew scale) 134, 281, 348 Pulvinaria innumerabilis (cottony maple scale) 24, 127, 159, 250, 268, 393, 518, 547, 592, 618, 681, 746, 768, 1002, 1028 Pulvinaria occidentalis 348 Pyemotes ventricosus (straw itch mite) 791 Pyralis farinalis (meal moth) 837 =198h— Pyrausta nubilalis (European corn borer) 6, 9, 15, 20, 33, 43, 57, 59, 104, 107, 113, 116, 138, 148, 151, 152, 154, 157, 175, 178, 192, 194, 199, 209, 216, 217, 223, 224, 233, 242, 257, 275, 285, 287, 293, 317, 335, S51) 93593379), 398), 4035 409, 442, 473, 483, 530, 539, 554, 578, 586, 602, 612, 615, 625, 633, 636, 646, 668, 677, 688, 696, 711, 720, 723, 735, 742, 755, 764, 777, 784, 795, 800, 811, 817, 829, 834, 845, 850, 861, 877, 881, 889, 892, 927, 929, 939, 1010, 1012, 1013, 1026, 1028 Pyroderces rileyi (pink scavenger caterpillar) 157, 993 Pyrota mylabrina (a blister beetle) 23 R Rachiplusia ou (a looper) 17, L935) 1955) 352, 634, 676; 764, 955 Radopholus similis (burrowing mematode) 170, 211, 341, 451 Ramosia sp. 1007 Ramosia bibionipennis (strawberry crown moth) 166, 279, 946, BEE) Ramosia tipuliformis (currant borer) 485 Raphidopalpa foveicollis (red pumpkin beetle) 137, 141 Recurvaria sp. 987 Recurvaria milleri (lodgepole needle miner) 420, 422, 433 Recurvaria piceaella 346 Recurvaria pistacicola (gelechiid nut borer) 135 Reticulitermes spp. (termites) 25, 147, 370, 395 Reticulitermes flavipes (eastern subterranean termite) 8, 9, 10, 119, 150, 169, 179, 214, 226, 283, 296, 327, 354, 395, 463, 467, 468, 469, 493, 520, 982, 1015 Reticulitermes hesperus eas 369 822 98 1001 , Retinodiplosis spp. (pine midges) 299, 324, 769 Retinodiplosis inopis 803, 895 Retinodiplosis resinicola 159, 299 Rhagoletis sp. a Rhagoletis cerasi (European cherry fruit fly) 663 Rhagoletis cingulata (cherry fruit fly) 510, 642 Rhagoletis cingulata indifferens (western cherry fruit fly) 80, 248, 265, 409, 450, 468, 482, 538, 632, 673, 694, 999 Rhagoletis completa (walnut husk fly) 304, 653, 782, 799, 816, 832, 848, 880, 892, 929, 946, 954, 999, 1007 Rhagoletis fausta (black cherry fruit fly) 24, 80, 195, 510, 538 Rhagoletis pomonella (apple maggot or blueberry maggot) 6, 9, 58, 100, 117, 148, 151, 195, 216, 224, 353, 399, 609, 632, 673, 694, 718, 740, 761, 799, 848, 972, 1010, 1027 Rhagoletis suavis 353);)929 Rhina barbirostris (a weevil) 329 Rhinacloa aricana (a mirid) 329 Rhinacloa forticornis 657 Rhipicephalus sanguineus (brown dog tick) 17, 73, 86, 99, 115, 160, 177, 181, 223, 244, 245, 459, 594, 701, 896 Rhipiphorothrips cruentatus (grapevine thrips) 141 Rhizoglyphus sp. (a mite) * 236 Rhopalosiphum fitchii (apple grain = hia 15, 29, 44, 97, 174, 185, 187, 275, 285, 295, 296, 317, 321, 336, 340, 360, 365, 384, 408, 443, 605, 629, 796, 963, 979, 985, 993, 1021 Rhopalosiphum maidis (corn leaf TCH} 3) Onnlop22 me2ommaae 57, 59, 77, 79, 84, 112, 157, 165, 174, 192, 193, 194, 200, 209, 218, 223, 224, 275, 285, 293, 317, 336, 351, 398, 399, 443, 475, 502, 530, 554, 579, 603, 627, 647, 669, 690, 713, 737, 748, 757, 779, 796, 812, 830, 846, 862, 877, 890, 927, 939, 945, 947, 953, 963, 979, 985, 993, 1001, 1013, 1028 Rhopalosiphum nymphaeae (waterlily Syne 408 Rhopalosiphum pseudobrassicae (turnip aphid) 30, 158, 366, 540, 880, 955, 965 Rhopalosiphum rufomaculatum 942, 966 Rhopalosiphum subterraneum 215 Rhopobota naevana (black-headed fireworm) 81, 196, 266, 510, 585 Rhyacionia sp. 893 Rhyacionia buoliana (European pine Shoot moth) 7, 58, 59, 60, 196, 226, 227, 299, 324, 345 354, 392, 421, 434, 460, 468, 469, 488, 516, 545, 569, 592, 617, 724, 930 Rhyacionia frustrana (Nantucket pine moth) 7, 45, 58, 60, 95, 114, 155, 159, 176, 179, 220, 244, 324, 435, 461, 487, 516, 545, 658, 835, 852, 866 Rhyacionia frustrana bushnelli 26 Rhyacionia rigidana 60, 435 Rhyncaphytoptus ficifoliae (a fig insect) 538 Rhynchaenus pallicornis (apple flea weevil) 153 Rhynchites heros. (fruit weevil) 289 Rhyncophorus palmarum (a weevil) 329 Rhyzopertha dominica (lesser grain borer) 83, 132, 135, 146, 177, 213, 220, 251, 288 Ribautina tenerrima (bramble leafhopper) 972 Rileymyia americana (a parasite) 269 Rodolia cardinalis (vedalia) 135, 136, 180 Romalea microptera (eastern lubber grasshopper) 283, 667, 704, 789 * Rhizoglyphus echinopus (bulb mite) 31 S Sacadodes pyralis (South American pbollworm) 331 Saissetia hemisphaerica Hemispherical scale) 968 Saissetia oleae (black scale) 135, 305, 306, 695, 746, 892 Salebria afflictella (a webworm) 836, 1015 Sanninoidea exitiosa (peach tree borer) 94, 115, 158, 175, 203, 221, 225, 277, 296, 321, 353, 385, 945, 954, 964 Sanninoidea exitiosa graefi (western peach tree borer) 277, 306, 610, 652, 945 Saperda sp. 132 Saperda calcarata (poplar borer) 251 Saperda candida (roundheaded apple tree borer) 296 Saperda tridentata (elm borer) 114 Sappaphis foeniculus (an aphid) 308, 993 Sarcophaga aldrichi (a parasite) 198, 269, 595 Sarcophaga houghi 269 Sarcophaga kellyi 82, 845 Sarcoptes scabiei (itch mite) 660 Sarcoptes Scabiei suis 988 Scaeva pyrastri (a syrphid) 727 Schistocerca sp. 777 Schistocerca americana (American grasshopper) 170, 335 Schistocerca gregaria (desert Iocust) 131, 134, 136, 138 Schizolachnus pini-radiatae (an aphid) 30 Schizura concinna (red-humped caterpillar) 176, 304, 674, 702, 799, 864, 879, 998 Schizura ipomoeae 833 Schizura unicornis (unicorn caterpillar) 179, 740 Schoenobius incertulas (rice stem borer) 140 Sciara sp. (a fungus gnat) 100 Scirpophaga nivella (sugarcane top porer) 140 Scirtothrips citri (citrus thrips) 180, 306, 451 : Scirtothrips dorsalis 141 Scolia dubia (a wasp) 99, 245, 770 Scolytus spp. 420 Scolytus multistriatus (smaller European elm bark beetle) 10, 105, 114, 149, 196, 200, 309, 392, 399, 415, 459, 488, 517, 547, 591, 639, 659, 679, 703, 725, 746, 769, 804, 931, 987 Scolytus rugulosus (shot-hole borer) 84, 94, 144, 158, 175, 306, 450, 584, 611, 632, 761, 864, 946, 985 Scolytus subscaber 26 Scolytus unispinosus (Douglas-fir engraver) 1022 - 29 - Scolytus ventralis (fir engraver) 426, 433, 819,,967, 987 Scotogramma trifolii (clover cutworm) 9 Scutigerella immaculata (garden symphylid) 17, 57, 81, 249, 266, 531, 864 4 Scymnus lacustris (a predator) 704 Selenaspidus articulatus (rufous scale) 350 Selenothrips rubrocinctus (red-banded thrips) 329 Semanotus amethystinus (an amethyst SadaabORe STOR Semiothisa sexmaculata (larch looper) 25, 251, 420, 431, 434 Sesamia cretica (durra stalk borer) 133, 134, 136, 139 Silba sp. (a lonchaeid. fly) 139. Silba pendula Stipe genmele Silpha bituberosa (a carrion beetle) 23 Silvius sp. (a deer fly) 458 Simulium spp. (black flies) 9, 10, 109, 393, 469, 837, 933, 1011 Simyra henrici (a noctuid) 351 Sipha flava (yellow sugarcane aphid) 339, 381, 480 Siphona irritans (horn fly) 2152 46)3078), 86,995,109), 115, 151, 160, 172, 176, 197, 251, 325, 348, 370, 393, 416, 458, 492, 519, 548, 569, 594, 618, 640, 660, 701, 726, 747, 769, 790, 837, 853, 882, 896, 931, 942, 948, 956, 987 Siteroptes graminum (a mite) 29Rn99 7, Sitodiplosis mosellana (wheat midge) EX ee Sitona sp. 397 Sitona cylindricollis (sweetclover weevil) 20, 100, 108, 111, 117, 192, 247, 264, 286, 294, 303, 319, 339, 363, 383, 406, 447, 479, 506, 535, 557, 691, 944, 1026 Sitona flavescens 148, 397 Sitona hispidula (clover root curculio) 22, 111, 148, 246, 276, 286, 295, 303, 320, 337, 361, 381, 397, 582, 649, 670, 690, 715, 812, 940, 963, 980, 997, 1012 Sitona lineata (pea leaf weevil) 53, 79, 125, 234, 260, 264, 344, 362, 406, 671, 672, 691, 997 Sitona scissifrons 383 Sitophilus granarius (granary weevil) 8, 25, 115, 135, 156, 198, 770, 956 Sitophilus oryza (rice weevil) 46, 86, 94, 99, 115, 132, 135, 153, 156, 159, 177, 220, 932, 979 Sitotroga cerealella (Angoumois grain moth) 8, 46, 99, 115, 156, 159, 220, 330, 770, 932 Sminthurinus elegans (a collembolan) 31 Sminthurus viridis (lucerne-flea) 53 Sogata sp. 221, 973, 974 Sogata cubana 7 Sogata furcifera 140, 973, 974, Sogata orizicola (a rice delphacid) 954, 973, 974, 979, 1021 Solenopotes eopuliens (a cattle ouse) 9 Solenopsis sp. 771 Solenopsis geminata (fire ant) 56, 728, 854, 897, 956 Solenopsis saevissima richteri (imported fire ant) 17, 31, 46, 56, 73, 91, 95, 106, 128, 147, 160, 170, 179, 190, 214, 220, 223, 237, 240, 244, 261, 283, 327, 349, 374, 463, 570, 705, 822, 897, 969, 1024 Solenopsis xyloni (southern fire ant) 701, 854 Spaelotis clandestina (w-marked cutworm)* 693 Spanogonicus albofasciatus (a fleahopper) 545 Sparganothis spp. 653 Sparganothis pettitana (a leaf roller) 438 Sparganothis pilleriana (a grape ERR Sparganothis sulphurana 928, 930 Spharagemon collare (a grasshopper) 735 Spharagemon equale 735 Sphenoptera sp. (a buprestid) 137 Spilonota ocellana (eye-spotted bud moth) 9, 23, 195, 216, 248, 295, 365, 399, 449, 509, 537, 584, 972 Spissistilus festinus (three-cornered alfalfa hopper) 44, 84, 153, 157, 210, 217, 234, 276, 286, 295, 320, 339, 447, 457, 506, 582, 607, 630, 650, 672, 692, 716, 739, 759, 781, 798, 814, 832, 847, 863, 878, 891, 928, 940, 980, 984 Spodoptera mauritia (a noctuid) 943 Stagmatophora ceanothiella (a cosmopteryid moth) 836 Stegasta basqueella (red-necked peanutworm) 94, 174, 447, 480, 508, 535, 560, 583, 607, 651, 672, 716, 781, 798, 847, 863, 879, 891 Stegobium paniceum (drug-store beetle) 189, 837 Stegophyils quercicola (an aphid) 5 Steiroxys sp. (a cricket) 445 Steiroxys pallidipalpus 247 Steneotarsonemus pallidus (cyclamen mite) 9, 100, 117, 151, 266, 298, 305, 344, 399, 485, 513, 565, 589, 617, 635, 893, 999, 1010 Stenopelmatus sp. Tige.Oo Lanes Stenopelmatus fuscus (Jerusalem cricket) 25 Stenotus binotatus (a mirid) Stephanitis pyri 134, 138 Stephanitis pyrioides (azalea lace bug) 369, 789, 836, 931 Sternochetus lapathi (poplar and willow borer) 119, 251, 517, 638, 659, 1000 Stethorus gilvifrons (a coccinellid) 136 Stethorus picipes 146 Stethorus punctillum 269 Stethorus punctum 82 Sticthippus californicus (a grasshopper) 403 Stilpnotia salicis (satin moth) Stomacoccus platani (a scale insect) 461 Stomodes gyrosicollis (a weevil) 1010 Stomoxys calcitrans (stable fly) 78, 99, 109, 115, 151, 155, 201, 458, 519, 569, 660, 837, 882, 896, 948 Strigoderma arboricola (a beetle) 654 Strymon melinus (cotton square borer) 85, 250, 615, 657, 744, 881, 987, 1014 Supella supellectilium (brown-banded roach) 8, 21, 83, 86, 105, 138, 156, 262, 283, 354, 463, 569, 748, 933, 942, 983, 996, 1015 Sylepta derogata (cotton leaf roller) 141 Sylvora acerni (maple callus borer) 517 Symmerista spp. (red-humped oakworms) 216 x Symmerista albifrons (red-humped Oakworm) 593 Symphoromyia hirta (a snipe fly) Symphylella sp. (a symphylid) 883 Sympiesis viridula (a parasite) 755 Synanthedon sp. 132 Synanthedon pictipes (lesser peach tree borer) 94, 153, 187, 221, 225, 321, 353, 365, 409, 964 Synnoma lynosurana (a tortricid) 508 Syringopais temperatella (cereal leaf miner) 134 Systena blanda (pale-striped flea peetle) 95, 487, 534, 629, 847 Systena frontalis TL Tabanus spp. (horse flies) 46, 61, 519, 548, 640 Tabanus atratus (black horse fly) sly We PAT Tabanus equalis 177 : Tabanus fairchildi 177 Ppa Tabanus lineola (striped horse fly) 177 Tabanus sonomensis 680 Tabanus sulcifrons 594, 726 Tachypterellus quadrigibbus (apple curculio) 117 Taeniothrips inconseguens (pear thrips) 80, 138, 258, 305, 945, 998 Taeniothrips orionis 933 Taeniothrips simplex (gladiolus thrips) 933, 1011 Taniva albolineana (spruce needle miner) 21, 24, 309, 547, 882 Tendipes spp. (midges) 197 Tendipes decorus 348 Tendipes plumosus 680 Tenebrio molitor (yellow mealworm) 25, 159, 168, 854, 1028 Tenebrio obscurus (dark mealworm) L597; 968em1O28 Tenebroides mauritanicus (cadelle) 36, 86; 115, 136, 159, 177, 681, 704 *Carried in Vol. 8 as S. albicosta = e30h— Tenodera aridifolia sinensis (Chinese mantis) 897 Tetanops myopaeformis (sugar-beet root maggot) 21, 202, 250, 386, 513, 563, 613, 653 Tetraleurodes mori (mulberry whitefly) 789 Tetralopha spp, (webworms) 197, 438 Tetralopha melanogrammos 836, 1015 Tetralopha robustella (pine webworm) 167, 881, 930, 966 Tetralopha scortealis (lespedeza webworm HE Tetramorium caespitum (pavement ant)!8;,9 169), 308, 563, 619), 1015 Tetranychus spp. (spider mites) TORN GR4 DLE Dee O¢Se 4 134, 135, 136, 137, 456, 479, 481, 537, 561, 631, 650,.652, 672, 693, 694, 699, 740, 761, 786, 816, 833, 836, 851, 864, 985 Tetranychus atlanticus (strawberry Spider mite) 153, 287, 487, 516, 650, 700, 796, 1013, 1014 Tetranychus canadensis (four-spotted Spider mite) 85, 631, 945, 1025, 1027 Tetranychus cinnabarinus 85, 240, 767 Tetranychus desertorum (desert Spider mite) 85, 590, 700 Tetranychus magnoliae 246 Tetranychus mcdanieli 84, 305, 673, 694, 718, 740, 782, 945 Tetranychus pacificus (Pacific Spider mite) 258, 305, 609, 768 Tetranychus schoenei (Schoene Spider mite) 340, 631, 718, 1013 Tetranychus telarius (two-spotted Spider mite) 7, 9, 58, 80, 81, 855 100s, TUS LG) 445 USL 154, 180, 187, 197, 202, 203, 212, 216, 224, 225, 226, 241, 242, 244, 247, 248, 250, 264, 266, 267, 295, 305, 307, 308, 309, 329, 340, 343, 352, 389, 398, 399, 411, 461, 485, 487, 490); 50/7); 509), (516: 535; (5415 565, 584, 609, 613, 618, 631, 654, 659, 673, 675, 679, 694, 698, 718, 719, 723, 739, 740, WAL Sol {Ol 264, 116d fel 782, 784, 796, 801, 812, 816, 818, 849, 893, 933, 998, 1008, 1010, 1027 Tetranychus tumidus (tumid spider mite) 568 Tetranychus willamettei 6 Tetranychus yusti 330 Tetrix spp. (grasshoppers) 379 Tettigidea lateralis (a grasshopper) tcl Oe lea Thamnosphecia scitula (dogwood borer) 461 Thaumatopsis pectinifer (a sod webworm) 113 Thelaxes californicus (an aphid) 30 Therioaphis maculata (spotted alfalfa aphid) 3, 15, 22, 29, 43, 53, 59, 72, 76, 84, 89, 96, 99, 104, 110, 116, 133, 134, 136, (1445, 153), (57, (165; Bly fat BLASS ality walsh be alle eyes PLoya)e 210, 217, 221, 224, 234, 241, 247, 257, 276, 286, 294, 303, SUBST FOS9 Mo D2s|SO0, ola. ose, 407, 447, 479, 535, 559, 582, 607, 630, 650, 671, 691, 715, 738, 758, 780, 798, 813, 831, 847, 862, 878, 891, 928, 939, 944, 953, 963, 980, 984, 993, 1007, 1021, 1025 Therioaphis trifolii (yellow clover aphid) 339, 363, 406, 505, 508, 708, 758, 1025 Thermobia domestica (firebrat) 933 Thrips imaginis (apple thrips) 1029 Thrips tabaci (onion thrips) 77, 85, 126, 187, 196, 222, 235, 249, 344, 367, 564, 634, 655, 675, 947, 986, 987, 1007, 1030 Thripsaphis utahensis (an aphid) 30 Thyanta pallido-virens spinosa (a stink bug) 745 Thylodrias contractus (a dersmestid) = >300> Thyridopter ephemeraeformis SS ae es, 193, 200, 222, 226, 244, 354, 369, 373, 415, 450, 461, 489, 518, 568, 592, 639, 659, 680, 703, 725, 747, 769, 789, 820, 853, 1014, 1028 Tinea sp. 934 Tinea pellionella (casemaking clothes moth) 942 Tineola sp. (a clothes moth) 934 Tipula sp. 161 Tipula oleracea (common crane fly) 161 Tischeria malifoliella (apple leaf’ trumpet miner) 879 Tlja scariolae (an aphid) 30 Tolype velleda (a lappet moth) 568 Tomaspis sp. (a spittlebug) 704 Tomaspis bicincta 94, 97, 99, 704 Tomostethus multicinctus (brown-headed ash sawfly) 119, 309, 392, 462 Tortrix pallorana Betnp 225044 ae Tortrix viridana (green oak tortrix) 229 Toumeyella liriodendri (tuliptree Scale) 8 9.” Toumeyella numismaticum (pine tortoise Scale) 58, 61, 119, 159, 281, 324, 395, 400, 435, 518 Toxoptera aurantii (black citrus aphid) 172, 329 Toxoptera graminum (greenbug) , 15, 29, 44, 53, 84, 89, 104, 125, 144, 158, 165, 174, 185, 200, 209, 221, 233, 257, 275, 285, 293, 317, 335; 359), 379, 476, 691, 890, 927, 953, 963, 979, 985, 993, 1007, 1021 Toxoptera viridi-rubra Gn629: ) ae Trachyphloeus bifoveolatus (a weevil) Sak yo, Trachyrhachis kiowa (a grasshopper) 717 Trialeurodes spp. (whiteflies) , 163, 933, 934 Trialeurodes abutilonea 701, 801 Trialeurodes packardi (strawberry whitefly) 148 Trialeurodes vaporariorum greenhouse whitefly) 105 Triatoma sp. 86 Triatoma protracta 492 Triatoma Sanguisuga (bloodsucking conenose) 100, 680, 747, 821 Tribolium sp. 969 Tribolium castaneum (red flour beetle) She2o5 99 pelo SS, 159, 177, 245, 269, 837 Tribolium confusum (confused flour beetle) 255,786, 115, 135, 177, 198, 245, 867, 897, 932, 956 Tribolium destructor : 269 Trichobaris compacta (a weevil) 454 Trichodectes canis (dog biting louse) 61 Trichogramma sp. (a parasite) 336 Trichoplusia ni (cabbage looper) 7, 17, 45, 60, 73, 77, 85, 94, 95, 96, 97, 98, 109, 126, 148, 151, 154, 157, 159, 166, 172, 176, 180, 181, 196, 202, 203, 216, 218, 221, 222, 223, 225, 235, 242, 249, 258, 262, 267, 283, 307, 322, 343, 350, 367, 388, 390, 398, 410, 412, 452, 457, 487, 512, 540, 543, 564, 566, 587, 590, 612, 615, 629, 634, 636, 655, 657, 675, 678, 691, 696, 700, 720, 721, 723, 741, 744, 763, 766, 783, 785, 800, 803, 816, 819, 833, 849, 851, 865, 880, 892, 929, 930, 940, 947, 955, 986, 987, 1000, 1014, 1022, 1028 Trimerotropis spp. (grasshoppers) 335, 403, 409, 473, 625, 667, 687 Trimerotropis pallidipennis 335, 363, 379, 403, 441, 473, 501, 553, 602, 711, 735, 777, 984 Trionymus rostellum (a mealybug) 979 Trioxys utilis (a braconid) 76, 136, 310 Trioza tripunctata (a psyllid) 282 Trogoderma glabrum 115,° 201 Trogoderma granarium (khapra beetle) 55, 61, 86, 106, 115, 127, 132, 135, 146, 156, 170, 189, 198, 212, 251, 261, 300, 326, 348, 462, 510, 595, 704, 727, 770, 821, 854, 882, 896, 968, 982, 996, 1023 Trogoderma parabile 115, 269 Trogoderma sternale 179, 282 Tychius stephensi (clover head weevil) 397, 505, 533, 1025 Tydeus interruptus (a mite) 56 Tylenchorhynchus claytoni a nematode) 198 Tylenchorhynchus maximus 198 Typhaea stercorea (a fungus beetle) 969, 1011, 1028 Typhlocyba spp. (leafhoppers) 561 Typhlocyba modesta 1012, 1015 Typhlocyba pomaria (white apple leafhopper) 584 Typhlodromus spp. (predacious mites) 25: Typhlodromus cucumeris Ci Typhlodromus occidentalis 882 U Udea rubigalis (celery leaf tier) 29, 539, 784, 817, 831, 849 S sik o Unaspis euonymi (euonymus scale) 8, 31, 150, 490, 547, 680, 703, 746, 804, 820, 941, 968 Urbanus proteus (bean leaf roller) 850, 941 Utetheisa bella (bella moth) 630 V Valentinia glandulella (an acorn moth) 994 Vanessa atalanta (red-admiral) 198 . Vanessa cardui (painted—lady) LUG W2ULy 2130237, 13277, 370), 382, 411, 462, 490, 520, 541, 564, 607, 639, 972, 999, 1013 Vasates spp. (eriophyid mites) 694 Vasates atlantazaleae (an azalea mite) 226 Vasates cornutus (peach silver mite) 6, 80, 265, 305, 740, 816, 833, 945, 998 , Wasates fockeui 24, 29, 265, 718, 833, 945, 998 Vasates lycopersici (tomato russet mite) 7, 59, 166, 175, 307, 674, 946 Vasates magnolivora 789 Vasates quadripedes (maple bladder-gall mite) 226, 518, 520, 1028 Vasates schlechtendali (apple rust mite) 265, 761 Vejovis carolinus (southeastern scorpion) 245 Vespa crabro germana (giant hornet) 155, 245, 466, 805, 868, 932 Vespa orientalis 131 Vespamima sequoiae (sequoia pitch moth) 894 Vespula spp. (wasps) 727 Vespula arenaris 680 WwW Winthemia quadripustulata 648 Wohlfahrtia opaca (a sarcophagid) 948 Wohlfahrtia vigil 119 X Xyela sp. (a sawfly) 25 Xylastodoris luteolus (a royal palm bug) 170, 659 Xyleborus spp. (scolytids) 329 Xyleborus confusus 329 Xyleborus saxeseni 105, 482 Xylocopa virginica 156, 492 Xylomyges curialis (a cutworm) 451 Z Zeadiatraea grandiosella southwestern corn borer) 3, 44, 84, 174, 180, 200, 218, 221, 293, 335, 359, 476, 531, 555, 580, 604, 627, 629, 648, 669, 689, 713, 737, 756, 779, 796, 812, 830, 846, 861, 877, 889, 927, 979, 985 Zeiraphera griseana (a larch bud moth) 25, 250, 268, 419, 431 Zeiraphera ratzeburgiana (spruce bud moth) 82, 419, 431 Zeugophora sp. 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